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The Columbia University Libraries reserve the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. Author: U.S. Bureau of the Census Title: Fisheries of the United States, 1908 Place: Washington, D.C. Date: 1911 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DIVISION BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET MASTER NEGATIVE « ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED - EXISTING BIBUOGRAPHIC RECORD 302.3 Un37 U. S. Bureau of the census. prfat^lMl"' ^"'^""^ Washington, Govt 324 p. incl. tables. 30*". Made in cooperation with tUe Bureau of fislierlea tJteheries-U. S. i. U. S. Bureau of fisheries, n. TiUe. Library of Congress U— 8S829 HA201 1900.82 fa i45nl) RESTRICTIONS ON USE: FILM SIZE: DATE FILMED: TRACKING # TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA REDUCTION RATIO: IMAGE PLACEMENT : lA (ua) IB MB INITIALS: WW J) A 3 'XP FILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES, BETHLEHEM, PA. 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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, Bureau of the Census, Sn: The act of Congress of June 7, 1006, provides that the Bureau of the Census shall take decenmally, in cooperation with the Bureau of Fislieries, a census of the fisliing industry of the United States. I have the honor to submit herewith the report on the fisheries of the United States for the calendar year 1908, idiich has been px^ajred in conformity with the requirements of this law. The report presents statistics eonoeniing the capital invested in the industry, the number and tonnage of vessels and boats employed, the character of the apparatus used in catching fish, the nimiber of persons employed, salaries and wages paid, and the quantity and value of the different varieties of products. Statistics of this character are collected from time to time by the Bureau of Fisheries, and as far as possible the census data have been compared with those compiled by that bureau. In order to preserve this comparability and also to comply with the requ ir emen t s of the law, the Bureau of Fisheries was consulted in regard to the preparaticm of the sdieduks, aiid sevenl employees of that bureau were detailed for work in the Bureau of the Census. Tliese «nployees rendered TaluaMe assistance, both in the office and in the field. The statistics were coUected and the lepoft was pi»- pared under the supervision of Mr. William M. Stauart, chief statistician for manufactures. Very reiqpectfuUy, Dvreetor of Oi$ Cenmu. Hon. Chablbs Naokl, Seentary cf Commerce and Laior. 0) FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER L INTRODUCTION. S0O]M mni mstkoi,'-TkB p wmit npoii on the fish- eriee of the United States relates to the commercial fidieries of continental United States for the calendar year 1908, and is based on a canvass of these fisheries made by the Bureau of the Census in cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries. A summary of the statistics of the fisheries of Ahdu is given in the appendix on page 297, and in Mme of the tablea in the diapter on fmnnmfr ^wH |MPiwtiArving figmw fog Aladca are inchided. The lepoii ia designed to cover shore fisheries, i. e., Hiose carried on from shore or from boats of less than 5 tons; vessel fisheries, i. e., those conducted by vessels of 5 tons and over; the operations of ves- sels engaged in transporting fish fimn tiie iktf i hi g grounds, bat not iwchidiiig TeaMb engaged in traaa- pcnrting fish from port to port aa regular frogjit.; and the business of packing and canning houses. The report does not cover the operations of individuals, clubs, etc., catching fish for their own consumption or for sport, or the business of those who deal in fijsh prod- ucts simply as merchandise. The atatistics are for the IniameeB year moat neaify eonlMnimg to the yew Deeember 81, 1906; such data as relate to a fixed time, as caah tain such other information as might prove valuable in determining the general condition and tendencies of the industry in the section of the country which he was canvassing. A census of fisheries lb attended perhaps witk noM ^HRmiitMMi than one of anj other indnatiy . u a nva — d by the Bmean of tke Cenana. Calling, as it does, for the number of persons employed and the investment in vessels, outfits, boats, and apparatus of capture both ashore and afloat, as well as the quantity and value of all commercial products of the seas, lakes, and rivers, it requires, in order that it be |xhaustive, that antorabe segued not only from all proprietora and &nia engagid in the fishing busineeB, Imt also from afl independent fidiermen who fish for profit. With respect to the vessel fisheries the problem was comparatively simple and the returns may be considered substantially accu- rate. All fishing craft of 5 tons or over are required to be documented, and as the names and home prate of these veaaeb are matteta of reeofd, and aaanoh ▼eMail are w^ known to the princqtal fishermen and fidi dealen hving in the diatiict in which tiiey operate, they and their owners could, as a rule, readily be located and canvassed. Moreover, the vessel fisher- men usually make a regular business of fishing and keep books of record showing the species, amount, and vahie of the catdi aa well aa other data eaUed for in tlia sdiednlea. The eanvaM ia likewise essentiaUy vmr plete for the shore and boat fisheries so far as the oper- ations of conqpanies, firms, and individuals employing wage-earners are concerned, for these are, as a rule, located at the fishing centers and are known in the fish markets of their respective districts. The problem of securing reports from the in d ependwBt fisheimen, those 1^ fish alone and do not employ others, waa, however, eq>ecia]lydiflBcult. These fishermen are aeat" tered all along the coast, inlets, and waterways, many of them away from general routes of travel, and are consequently difficult of access. Their occupation takes them away from home much of the time, either in fishing or in transporting thehr catdi to mailBei; henoe, with theooipa of agenta availabla for the work, it became a physical inqposabilitf to make a pmnial canvass of each and every fisherman within a reason- able period of time, as in order to do this an agent would have had to make repeated trips to the same (7) 8 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES^ 1908. locality to reach fishermen irk» mn MV»7 •! tbe ^t*^ of former visits. In such cases the agent xmatSty waa able to secure satisfactory information from persons who were familiar with the operations of the fisher- i ■■i. Ib additioii to the difficulty just indicated in : tagr tnswtm of the fiihenes, a source of «Tor arises in connectioii intli tihe Aon and boat Ihhiriea horn the fact that many of the shore and boat fiahcnaai dp not keep records of the catch, but ghre tlie iBfofnuUkto to the best of their recollection. The extent to whicli the independent fishermen— ttl* those fishing solely on their qwn account — « ikm raiuiHi eia be seen by referring to the ^■tiitica lor Akbama ABliotii^froiiiihMestalaatics the ieitl nmnber of independCTii fishcraMB in AU^ imt can not be ascertained, it appears from the figives that all the 77 fishermen on interior waters and more than^ 600 of the 647 engaged in the shore and bwt lAlriea of the Gulf were independent fishermen, » aggregate ofV«r 70 per cent of the total number employed m the Mmim «f Ih* atate be- longed to this class. Hug faet throws some vpost the conditions wliich were met, and indieates to acne extent the difficulties attending an accurate canvass. With almost invariable courtesy the fish dealers and F™ « P«1 iahermen in the different cities and towns ^'■■••i ■■■tod the agents engaged in the canvass 9^ <^ the BaM mmI loesftioBB of the inde- pendent fishermen in the surrounding tenitoiy. The agents were Ukewise aided by the inspectors, fidi and game wardens, and other state officials conversant with the fishing industry in the several states, who — W^* *^ *^ names of all proprietors, firms, or inde- paniH* §Ammm withhi Umt aph«es of observation. Thwu^ these yarifl«a nhanmii and by constant inquiry of each fishennan reporting as to other unlisted independent fishermen in the neighborhood, it was possible for the agent to extend the canvass until it is beheved that reports were secured from practically all ^■■■■RmI fiihennen. In particular, a number of ■^ndalai wwa amnd iraoi &h«Mu who, although Ihflj had foUowed this owiup a liw lor a nmnber of years, claimed they had never before been -iiyniniod The canvass did not cover C'olorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada. North Dakota. New Mexico, Utali, or Vcr- ■Bont, as the commercial fisheries, if any, which existed ■ itain wen of minor importance. ^^"^ ' ""wBi*— i* ii probable tiiat some Wffmmt inconsistencies wiH af^iear inm the eom- farison of the statistics with those compiled by the Bureau of Fisheries. Such inconsistencies as have been detected in the analysis of the data are of minor importance and are no indication that the statistics •■■filad by tHhm effioe are wrong. The totals com- pibd hj hex}crnoN. In order to show the total meat or marketable ptoduet of all fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic •innali, it has been found desifdUe to ndnee all to the conunon unit of a pound, although, in the trade, certain products are usually handled on the basis ci bushels, barrels, or gallons. Wliere these species are treated separately the common trade unit of measure- ment for the species or product is used. In the gen- eral tables the quantities shown for the shell-bearing moUuskB are based on the amount of meat oMitahied, the %ures used for estimating the meat conteirts being as follows: Hard clams and surf clams or skinmiers, 8 pounds of meat per bushel, soft and razor clams, cockles, winkles, and mussels, 10 pounds of meat per bushel; oysters, 7 pounds of meat per bushel; and scallops, 6 pounds of meat per bushel. The statistics of estalMunaQts aigaged in «^iinmg and preserving fish and in the manu^MSture of various by-products have been cUtssified by districts and states, by principal species used, and by method of treatment, whether boned, canned, salted, smoked, dried, or frozen. On account of the great value of the output of the eanneries and salteries of Alaska, the statistics of that territory as reported by the Bureau of Fisheries have been induded in some of the taUes in the chapter on canning and presw^;. Common names. — The confusion in connection with the common names of fishes has naturally caused more or less difficulty in tabulating statistics of fisheries for the entire eountry. In some instances a single species of fish is known by a number of different names in the same section as weO as in diffoieat sections of the coun- try, and it also frequently happens that a single name will represent different species of fish in different local- ities. It is the exception, perhaps, rather than the rule, in the case of fishes usuaUy taken in the commer- cial fiahraries, to find a species that is not known by mme ^han <»e emaunon name. Sudi names as '*hw- ring," "trout," and "perch," are frequently applied by fishermen and others in various localities to species to which they do not properly belong, or which require that the name be supplemented with some qualifying word in order to be clearly understood. Even the fsmili s r and generally wdl-understood name "shad" is, in North Carolina, sometimes applied to the menr haden. In this report an effort has been made to list each species under a correct and well-established com- mon name in the general tables, and at the same time in the tables for each state to use, so far as consistent, names which are applied locally. Under "Albaoore, or hone madcer^" are included the horse maekerel of the Atlantic eoast, the tuna of - California {Tkmnus thynnus), and related species usually known as albacore. In the tables for Califor- nia "albacoro and tuna" includes Thunnus ihynnus and related species, while the name "horse mackerel'' is applied to Traclmrus jncturatus, as is the custom loeallj. The name "alewife" or "alewives" has been used exclusively to designate PomoJohus pseudoharen' gus and P. sestivalis, although these species are very generally known in Chesapeake Bay, Albemarle Sound, and ekewfaere in w>l Itlwlwlinil River and Its tributartes inr 19W; lUddto Atlaotie itatM aad PMMiMHt iMm Iw U0«; aad nlagr iBtcr^ 190S. The lofflowing taUe ahowa the Yafaw of prodnelB of the aperffied fiihsiaa for ewtain jmm ▼AtnB OVMMMVM. IMS 1M0-1M>4> vm 1880 • TnM AMOOR. 184, 611,069 Ni,M8,6W Mi,9w,itat Vessels and boats, including outfit Apparatus of capture Snore and accessory property and cash VafaMolpiodtiets 86*474,000 Atlantic 1 coast j division. New England states. Middle Atlantic statea. South Atlantic States. m CBMT or lom. New . MMk iaMite 94,281 $25,398,000 16,553,000 3,822,000 5,023,000 86*474,000 22, 157 $11,970,000 8,201,000 1, 675,000 2,094,000 54, 163 $11,105,000 7,280,000 1,578,000 2,248,000 16, 308, 000 17,961 $2,324,000 1,073,000 669,000 682,000 24 47 50 44 42 a 57 44 44 41 45 46 IS : w M U Chesapeake Bay is the most important fisliing ground on the Atlantic coast. The fishermen ^of the Chesapeake Bay fisheries, including tiiose of its tributaiy waters, fcnrmed more than one-third of the total number employed in the Atlantic coast fisheries hi 1906, and the vidue of the prodncta of the Gbeaa* peake Bay fisheries constituted more than one-fifth of the value of all products of the Atlantic coeat Mb- eiiea. Aa the fiaheriea ' ^gpmii'iiiiaii".'.'." i'an^twj —^^■IrjjJSI^— •*••*••• 1»80,8B8 786 $.■»!. 000 1^000 83.000 342,000 81 2.706 ,965,000 eoK.000 753,000 519.000 1,554,000 1,» 8733,000 185.000 881,080 2*57.000 486,000 i _ 221 3,142 M^MO 81,«m;000 10.000 8,000 603,000 615,000 28.000 ; 426,000 32,000 1,280,000 Lake Ontario, Including Nia^ and St. Lawrence Rivers. not CIMT OF TOTAL. Lake Supe- rior. 200 836,000 11,000 16,000 7,900 74,000 Lake Michi- gan. 32 41 42 41 39 41 Lake Huron. 16 15 11 15 20 13 Lake St. Clair and St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. (') Lake Erie. Lake Ontario, including Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers. 37 34 37 34 32 34 Ranked according to the value of fishery products, l«ke Michigan was fii-st, with Lake Erie, Lake Huron,' L*ke Superior, Lake Ontario, and Lake St. Clair and lii a djacent rivers following in the order named, the fa* two naoMd leporting three-fourths of the total. TTie o rder was the same in respeet to the amount of miilil ■■ililiiJudittlhefiMes.eamptthatljdMSt. CiMr and its adjacmt rivers outranked Lake Ontario; aad , as m the case of value of products, three-fourths of the total capital of the division was reported for Lakw Michigan and Erie. A larger number of persons em- ployed was reported from Lake Erie than from liahe Michigan; otherwise, the lakes follow the same order in respect to this item as in the case of value of producte. SUMMARY OF STATISTICS. IS SUMMARY— FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES : 1908. STAir. AMmubs... Arkansas... California... Connecticut Delaware... FkHlda is..... ■ Kentucky Louisiana Maine KarylaiHl Massachuaetti... Michigan....' Minnesota Mlffiiariypi H«w Jersey New York North Carolina.. Ohio Or^on Pamaqrhraote. . . Rhode IslaoriL... South CaroaHk. Tennenee. . . . . . . . . .-..V* . Number of peiBMis > ESSELS. 143,881 073 1M8 4,129 2,147 1,756 9,212 2,525 4,439 980 780 «6 5,785 6,881 18,392 11,577 3,472 934 2,037 006 7,231 6,775 9,681 2,054 4,772 1,280 1,«3 2,550 427 1,780 90,066 4,054 9^1 840 Valoa.iB- otodtog oatflt. 6,933 817,831.000 «1 6 60 243 65 327 88 17 2 222 575 1, 107 671 no 4 206 435 643 299 54 44 06 138 108 157 946 190 80 130,000 8, 100 573,000 994,000 334,000 846,000 90,000 47,000 7,700 441,000 1,007,000 1,001,000 4,282,000 327.000 16,000 372,000 BOATS. Number. Valoe. Value of 83,549 ' 87,269.000 709,000 1,750,000 2H2. im ■2i:i.(m 140,000 254,000 515,000 50,000 980,000 1,. 332, 000 1,594,000 244,000 670 1,154 2,121 1,009 792 5. 702 2. Till 4,222 937 j 511 4,469 6.969 8,493 1,647 680 1,144 7H.-) 3,843 3, 131 4,984 1,083 2,312 888 815 1,71» a* 901 10,942 2,796 1,900 806 34.000 37,000 493,000 118,000 38,000 575. 000 79.000 234,000 16,000 88,080 11,000 3.54,000 662.000 644,000 477,000 267,000 36,000 46,000 2.'), 00() 391,000 306,000 251,000 141.000 367,000 Value of Msoessory Value of 133,000 42,000 9,400 117,000 733,000 377,000 m,m 18,000 88,999,000 87,921.000 854,081,000 •23.000 31,000 502,000 84,000 63.000 326,000 5.5,000 272,000 28,000 20,000 21.000 9.5. 000 .57t;. (XJO 369,000 775,«00 821,000 48,000 .5s. (100 :V.I. (KMI 345,000 882,000 367, 000 423,000 795,000 U4.000 280,000 16,000 87,000 41,000 485,000 1,162,000 407,000 17,000 82.000 13,000 i 91,000 1,060,000 I 9.500 668.000 l>v5.(»(K> 295,000 22,000 ' 11,000 0,600 40,000 106,000 88,000 SUbOOO .m.ooo 33,000 46,000 27,000 260,000 1,413,000 .■J70, 001) 343,000 65,000 87,000 627,000 5,400 13,000 26,000 434, (m 309,000 276,000 3,900 387,080 207,000 1,970,000 2,982.000 541.000 3,3>t9.000 701.000 1, 436,000 228.000 215,000 110,000 1.. 569. 000 :i. I')'. (100 3,306,000 7,086,«» 1,473,000 192.000 .^5»i, ono -'71,(100 3,0(i9,000 4,594,000 1,776,000 840, 000 1,868.000 m$,m 1,752,000 288,000 112,080 448,000 4,716,000 3,513,000 1,067.000 110,000 1 KxcluslroofAlMkm. Includes Kansas, Nebraska, New Hampsliire, Oldaboma, South Dakota, and West Viiflai*. OHAPTBB UL fKRSONS lafFIiOTED, SALARIES, AND WAGES. Persons employed. — The census was intended to include a report of all persons actually engaged in eommercial fishing, whether yn vemels, in boats, or on tile en M foUowB: ProprUtorg, firm members, and independent fithermen. — Stockhold- cn vi coqxxmtioDs Bhouid not be reported unless ^ey are also em- fbfMflf A»eoaqMBiy. A penoa fcfciBf on dutres, delivering a pMof die catch to anodMr penon and selling the remainder, should Bot be cooflidered as an independent fisherman; in this case the to iHioBi a part ol the catch was delivered should be con- piopiiilii. ItisdenedtoBiioiriBlbevBpOTttetBlal number of persons engaged in fishing. For this reason it is necessary to indicate whMher the pto]»ietor was actually engaged in fishing, b fMMl B^Hity ef CMM Am proprietor win be ibimd to be 80 •igsged, but in cases where he is not, this fact should be indicated in the qMce ]Hovided. If the ownership of the vessel is in shares, ■ ing industry in the United States in 1908, 25 per cent were employed on fishing and transporting vessels, 73 per cent in the shore and boat fisheries, and 2 per cent as shoresmen, directly connected with the catching of fish. In addition to the foregoing there were 2,052 proprietoii not ragaged in fidiing. United SUtea. VaadHdieriei. Tnuuporting 1 Shore and boall Shoresmen . Atlantic coast division . . 0«tf ol Maxieo dtvirisn. I'er cent distribution. Total. 100 22 3 73 2 66 I 11 10 ! 6 ! 8 I Proprietors ana inde- pendent fldicnnen. 100 6 1 93 Salaried employ- 100 68 •7 27 63 8 10 « 13 63 U 11 7 4 Wage- 100 38 S S3 4 68 U 10 « 4 Per cent of total. Proprietors and inde- 50 U n 48 38 to Salaried employ- (•) (') 50 88 78 > Less tnan 1 per cent. The Atlantic coast division was by far the most important in the United States, giving occupation to 66 per cent of all the persons engaged in fishing. The next in importance of the fisheries districts was the Qiilf of Mexieo drrasion, where 11 per cent of the total mmiber were employed. The Pacific coast division, the Ifississippi River division,, and the Great Lakes division follow in the order named. The next table gives the distribution of persons employed in the Atlantic coast division, according to groups of states. More than one-fourth of the total number of persons engaged in fishii^ in tike Athmtie coast dinrioD in 1906 were «nployed in Ihe vessel fidieries and on trans- porting vessels, and more than two-thirds in the shore and boat fisheries, while less than 2 per cent were shoresmen. In vessel fisheries and on transporting vessels combined, over four-fifths of the persons em- ployed were wage-earners, as compared with only a fittle man than one-thizd of those employed hi tiie diore and boat fisheries. Each of the three groups of states comprising the Atlantic coast division employed more fishermen than any one of the four other geographic divisions into which the country is divided. More than one-half of the fishermen of the Atlantic coast division were employed in the fisheries of the Middle Atlantic states, nearly one-fourth in those of flie New England states, and about one-fifth in those of the So«ith Atlantie states. In New En^and the vessel fidimes predominated, a fact which was not true of any other group of states for which statistics are presented. It follows that in this group of states the total number of wage-earners and saUried employees was large, as compared with the total number of proprietors and mdepeadent fiaiiw- mea. Ytom the access of the number of im^MnrtoM and independent fishermen over the number of wage- earners in the shore and boat fisheries it is evident that there were more than 6,000 independent fisher- men. In the Middle Atlantic states over 70 per cent of liie penMms employed were m the shore and boat fisheries. In the Soutii Atlantic states the number of persons employed in the Tessd fisheries was relatively small. Only 1,973 persons, or 11 per cent of the total number, were on fishing and transporting FI&ii£RI£S OF XH£ UNITED STATES, 190& Elin4)» «0 V AtUMBC cout BmaKHT: 19BB. Proprietors and inde- pendent fishermen. 24,631 3,SW 23,187 3,460 974 41, SM 10,652 535 %7« 8,0* M« 1,505 468 U^5H Salaried employees. 219 109 5 46 85 72 2 11 lOS 2,118 766 Wate> TotoL 48,408 M^9Mk6W 20.993 2,616 33,010 1,754 13,333 9,361 441 2,143 387 27,511 •^ati 133 11« 9^131 3 33 30 10, 279 1,823 14,466 944 8,sao 1,383 353 6,433 433 5, 715. 000 618,000 3,153,000 418,000 4, 816k 000 3,420,000 308,000 613,000 186,000 4,4fli^68» 2,076,000 366,000 1,833,000 306,000 1,146,000 54,000 816,000 88,000 156,000 4,100 23,000 90,660 5,550,000 614,000 3,138,000 418,000 80,000 2,500 7, no TB^OIO 61,666 1,600 13,600 3,340,000 306,000 806,660 186,000 19^000 16,000 "3,'a66 2,01.),00() 354,000 l,8M^00O 1,136^600 203,000 54,000 813,000 88,000 Ptreent dItribuUwi. 1 P«rc«rt«(tataL TotaL Proprie- tors and independ- mt Bstaer- Salaried employ- ees* Wage- eanms. Proprie- tors and Salaried eiaploy- 100 100 100 100 i 48 (') 51 26 4 68 3 8 2 90 77 2 21 43 5 48 4 14 27 1 64 85 73 36 lot 57 19 21 58 21 39 47 16 25 57 18 44 49 1 (•) 56 51 48 CMPLOTED IN ATLANTIC COAST DIVISION: 190S— «)ntiniied. Ti» Idliiwiiig Ittinilar tsimUmmt tibiomB Hm nmnber flff panoas mgaged in the several clMiWi of employ- ment connected with the fisheries of Chesapeake Bay, the chief fishing ground of the Middle AtUiitic states, and their distribution by states: Totrf Veaael fisheries Transporting vessels Awe aad boat fisteries. PEBSONS EMPLOYED IN CHESAPEAKE BAT distsict: 1908. 35,685 ' 17,820 7,016 1,953 26,486 Vbgillia. 17,416 eries greatiy ptedMninated, reporting ormr 70 pet cent of the total persons employed. As already indicated, fishing on the Great Lakes gave occupation to fewer people than fishing in any other of the main geographic divisions of the country. The distribution of the persons employed among the varioas lakes and nmta of the OrMit Lakes difkioik is shown below: Pennsyl- vania (Susque- hanna Rhrer flslKries). 4,046 975 12,723 n 2,970 978 13,314 184 449 The persons engaged in these fisheries were about equally divided between Maryland and Virginia, tlie uxum. Total Lake Superior Lake Michigan Lalce Huron Lake St. Clair and St. Clair and Detroit Rivers Lake Erie Lake OBtario, indiidiiv ftimm mi St. Lawnaoe BItm Persons em' dlvWon: 8,533 ~786 2,706 1,382 221 3.143 Proprietors and independent fishermen. — Slightly few which are credited to Pennsylvania being engaged i more tlian one-half of the persons engaged in the «A the Tl— nmhenni Btrer. The shote and boatfiab- I fisheries of the United States in 190S were propiietora PERSONS EMPLOYED, SALARIES, AND WAGES. 17 and independent fishramen. Nearly two-thods of this class were reported from the Atlantic coast diyi^on, the Mississippi River division ranking second with a little more than one-eightli, followed by the Pacific coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes, in the order named. The greatest percentage of proprietors and mdependent fisliMniiMi appears iny ariahly in shore and boat fisheries. Tliis is natural, as it was to be expected that independent fishermen would pre- ponderate in the class of fisheries wherein the capital required and cost of operation are not great. The largest proportion wliich the proprietors and independent fishmnen fcnmed of the totid numbmr of persons employed is shown for the Mississippi River diTiiion, where more than three-fourths were of tliis class. The number is smallest, relatively, in the Gulf of Mexico division, but even there it exceeds one- third. The salaried employees are almost a neghgible quantity, amounting to only two-tenths of 1 per cent for the United States as a whdle. Fofs-eorneiv and wo^.— The number of wan^ earners in this report is the total number employed at any time during the year. The wages returned on the schedules were not those of the average fisherman, nor for any uniform period throughout the country, nor were they such as might have been secured if employment had been continuous. In many cases remunwatioii is not whdty in money wages, but consists either altogether or in part in a share of the catch, the share being given usually as 50 per cent of the catch after certain eaqpensee are deducted. It was impossible in most cases to obtain from the returns the net share of the catch going to the fisher- man. Thk share had sometimes been calculated weekly by the emplo3^ng fisherman from slips nidch had been at once destroyed. In many cases an esti- mate, made either by the employer or by the special agent upon information furnished, had to serve the purpose. These estimates, however, are believed to be substantially representative of the income received. S(Mne inland fishermen woik fa- ratus and board furnished; others are paid by the bushel or according to the weight of their catch. In some coast fisheries men were given $25 a month and board while employed, the value of the board being calculated at $10 a month. When board was fur- nished in additi laige majority of the fishermen an cnqiloyed upon yeeseb, wkd^ in the Ifiddle Atlantic and South Atlantic statea the majority are engaged in shore and boat fisheries. Comparison with prior cerisuses. — Comparative sta- tistics for the number of fishermen (not including i), as lepMted at the jHeant eensus and «t of 1890 and 1880, are given in thefcAow m% table. It should be noted, however, that the figures for 1889, obtained in the census of 1890, do not include persons for whom fishing was a transient occu- pation, and that those for 1880 do not include the inland waters, excepting the Great Lakes. For these •Bj eompariBon of tbe different yean is of Foaabfy firiitriea iA tdnar impor- were carried on in Colorado, Ididio, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Utah, and Vermont in inte- rior waters not directly tributary to any of the large divisions, and were not included in the canvass of 1908. It would appear that at the census of 1890 a num- b»ef idbwaanoiaety riaawd ae commercial flaher- BMsfaided. In 1908 the AtbuotHe coast states, inchiding Florida, reported 11,172 fewer fiahermen than in 1889, but 15,647 more than in 1880; while the Pacific coast states in 1908 reported a total which is 3,169 more than in 1889 and 8,135 more than in 1880. The states bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, exclusive of Florida, but inchiding the entire states of Louisiana and Mi i wiiu i ip pi, empk>yed in 1908, 7,308 more than in 1889 and 7,706 more than in 1880. SIAXE. Total. ArkanaM Califonri* Colorado Connecticut Delaware „. DistrirtofCataBlilft. Floridft Georgia Idaho Illinois. Indiana. Iowa. Kentucky T '2,585 1.662 2,284 809 1,300 8,110 15.873 17.165 1,600 30 HO 376 •,0I» 4,m 2,795 511 491 > Not including shoresmen. ' Not including trmsient fishermen. •Mot liwlnrtiin tiMM •agvlograd on lalaiMl watan, tmpttat tiM Gnat CHAPTER lY. CAPITAL AND IX^JIPMENT. Although it is impossible to collect satisfactory sta- tistics in regard to capital invested in the filling in- dustry, it was considered necessary to include in the schedule an inquiry on this subject. The number and value of the different classes of vessels, boats, and ap- paratus of capture were reported separately. The value of land, buildings, machinery, tools, implements, and other fixed capital, as well as cash on hand, mate- rials in stock, and the various other items of hve capital, were returned as separate items of investment. The instructions for the inquiiy given on the e^Mduie were as fofiowa: The answer must show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed. All the items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or bnildings an rented or vessels are chartered, that fact should be stated and the value given. The value of all items of live capital, bills re- ceivable, unsettled ledger accounts, materials, products, and cash » m 5, 7.'io, noo 3,832,000 3,441,000 2,984,000 2,416,000 2,411,000 2,281,000 2,099,000 2,013,000 14,7M,000 14 9 8 7 e • 8 6 5 Ve8$dt and hoatt.—TnJtAd 3 on page 23 gives in detail the statistics ci vesseb and boats for the United States as a whole, and for the main geographic divisiona. The value of vessels, outfits of vessels, and boats em- ployed in the fisheries of the United States amounted to $25,101,000, or 60 per cent of the total capital. The distinction between vessels and boats ia one of tonnage. The term "vessel" is applied to aO craft of 5 tons register or over, whether or not they are registerBd as nqvind by the mmgtAm laws of the FfiSH^IES W fffi UNITED STATES, 190a United States. Allcnfiol tow tiuu6 taWMsdMH- fied as boat^. Outfit includes provisions for the crew, and salt, baity ice, and other articles used in the taking and pre- 1 1 iiiji, of the product, but does not ineliide boats ear- lied by the ^mhIs aad mtA artklwas repav tools, nautical iuskuiueiits, hawsers, anchors, or charts. As these are considered a part of the vessel, tbflir Talue is included in the value of the vessels. The subclass bearing the designation "Other," Hfiiich is shown in the tables under ^ heads of both Y«nli aad boaAi> OMlades seows and baiges and all unrigged or towed craft of 5 tons or more register in the class of vessels and oi less than 5 tons in the class of boats. It does not include house boats, floating wharves, or any sort of moored craft used only as living quarters, as warehouses, or as docks. Such items are included under '^Stkon and accessory property." r- The ill UMl Mill Si ^wmIb wm $13,806,000, «r 55 pet cmt tai« waa $8,999,000. Detailed statia- tic8 for ea^ eh«i ct fisheriee an given m Table 2 on page 22. In point of value, poimd nets, trap nets, and weirs were the most important class of apparatus of capture, having a total value of $3,000,000, which is 33 per oent of the value of all appsratw of <»ptttre used. The value ol the pound net varied greatly aecordmg to its size, ranging from less than $100 to over 12,000 for some in use in the Pacific coast division. They were most numerous in the Atlantic coast fish- eries. Gill nets were in extensive and general use, rank- ing second in value among all apparatus of capture. Next in importance to ^ nets w«re seinee, vahied at $987,000, <^ wUdi $280,000 repreaenta the vahie (tf 466 purse seines and $662,000 that of 7,530 haul and other seines. By far the greater number of the seines used and all but 9 per cent of the purse seines were reported by the fisheries of the Atlantic coast. Fyke and hoop nets ranked fourth in value. Althom^ used in laige nnmben In evnj division, thej wen moat jHtondnent m the firiieriee of the mmK tad Hi tfihitofiMj tributed 66 per cent of the number and 56 per cent of the value of all fyke and hoop neli nnd in Ihii country. The value of att danea of nets used in the fiaheriee of the United States amounted to $7,315,000, or 81 per cent of the value of all apparatus of capture. Of apparatus other than nets, the most important as measured by value were hand, trawl, and set lines. The Atlantic coast division led in this kind of paratus, reporting $367,000, or 77 per oent of the value of all lines uaed. Pots and traps of various kinds, which had a total value of $457,000, were for the most part employed in the lobster and eel fisheries of the Atlantic coast. The few lobster pots and traps shown for the Pacific coast fisheries were used in the spring lobator oatdL PraeticaUy all the eel pota and traps beioqged to the Atlantic coast fisheries. Dredges, tongs, rakes, etc., were used most exten- sively in the Atlantic coast and Gidf of Mexico fisheries. This class of apparatus was also used to a small extent in the mussel-diell industry of the Mississippi River division and in the molfaucan firiieriea of the Padfie coast. Other apparatus of capture included the wheels and slides of the Pacific coast fisheries, the fishing machines of North Carolina, and the sponge a pp a r atna of the Gulf of Mexico sponge fisheries. The following tabular statement gives the amount invested in apparatus of capture, by atatee in the order of the value of apparatus repotted: IToHad Washlnf^n Ulchigan Oregon Massachusetts.. Maine California Vlrdnla Ohio Wisconsin Maryland North CaroUaa. New YoA Florida niinois Rhode Island.. FWmsTlvania... ofea» ts. 1,102.000 821,000 796,000 775,000 576,000 SQZ,000 485,000 423.000 407,000 S87,fln 362,000 326.000 272,000 230,000 U4,000 The table on page 22 gives statistics concerning the different kinds of apparatus of capture as reported for the vessel and for the shore and boat fisheries, respectively. Shore and aeemtory property ami eaiik.— The db- tribtttion of the ei^iital Inveated in dkora and aocesBoiy property and cash la dioWB bj yopiphie ditM l li— ili the tahit iffllinring fffiHERXES QF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Total M2, 021,000 Veaseb, Inclnding outfit Fishing Tmispuftiiig. Zimmaad motor. Safl Row and other. .. Apparatus of capture, ■m* aad aoceanry 17,831,000 14,S«>,000 2,982,000 7,200,000 4,016,000 2,062,000 1,UO^«0 Pot cent Iiflm- 100 42 35 7 17 10 6 9 » 1» Amount. 05,386,000 12, 10, 1. 4, 2, 1, 449,000 607,000 612,000 104,000 «n,ooo 073,000 880,000 8B,fl00 Per I cent dis- tifbo- tton. Amount. 100 40 42 7 16 10 4 2 U ao 63,901,000 1,964,000 1,518,000 447,000 841,000 207,000 505,000 120,000 674,000 732,000 Pot cent dis- tribu- tion. 100 50 39 11 22 5 13 3 10 19 Amount. (6,468,000 2,307,000 1,764,000 543,000 1,237,000 552.000 449.000 236,000 %4m,m Per cent dis- tribu- tiCHl. 100 36 27 8 19 9 7 4 38 Amotmt. $1,440,000 77,000 19,000 58,000 470,000 289,000 1,000 180,000 514,000 sra,ooo Per cent dis- tribo- tkn. 100 $4,814,000 5 1 4 33 20 (>) 12 36 26 1,034,000 942,000 92,000 617,000 497,000 35,000 85,000 1,831,000 Per cent dls- tribo- ticm. 100 21 20 2 13 10 1 2 38 26 MB can or loco- AtlMI- tic coast dlTt- 60 70 71 62 56 62 62 47 42 66 Golf of Mexico 11 10 15 12 6 24 11 4 Pa- cific coast dlvl- 15 13 12 18 17 14 22 20 27 iTiiHilfrwt T*MM t.— AFPABATUS OF CAPTUBB: 196S. PTkeandlMpMli. OiUnets. Poond nets, tnp nete, and webs ^B^andcltar. ^JO^^ •••• HBISB^.. stop Beam trawls gKpo^vy^^gte^.^^ IMiandtiqM Ed pots and traps Lobster pots and traps Otter, mink, and muskrat traps Other pots and traps ^onge ^ yratas JSu&!!!f:.^.???::::::::::::-":::" VOCAL. Honbcr. 81,191 233,256 16, 104 7,996 466 7,530 4,760 13,027 176 723 1,853 191 5,796 20 4,248 25 160 464,002 32,172 270,251 133.185 28,394 60 Vahw. $8,999,000 504,000 2,700,000 3,000,000 937,000 286,000 652,000 121,000 44,000 5,S0O 2,300 9,200 400 10,000 7,200 8,800 400 4,900 16,000 476,000 457,000 25,000 376,000 28,000 29.000 7t),000 237.000 375,000 41,000 Number. 4,390 111,093 362 1,111 466 645 83 24 3 2 19 106 28,568 3,769 22,787 12 2,000 Valne. $1,910,000 19,000 779,000 166,000 342,000 286,000 56,000 4,200 7,aiB m 0) 7,100 3,500 11,000 353,000 40,000 4.200 35,000 <\» 66,686 118,000 12,000 76,801 122,163 16,768 6,686 6,886 4,«77 723 1,863 101 6,794 4,943 2S 68 436,434 28,403 247,464 133,173 26,394 CAPITAL AND EQUIPMENT. Tabm S.-NTJMBBR, tonnage, and VALUB of vessels and BOATS: im. 23 GLAflB. Total TtllM. NumbOT Tonnage Value of vessels Value of outfit Boats carried, number.. Steam and motor— Number Tonnage Value of vessels Value of outfit Boats canM, Bombv. Stft— Number Ttirrnapi Value of vessels Value of oiitftt Boats carried, numbOT. OtbBF- Nnmber Value of THBlb. nUng vessels- Number Toimage Value of vessels Value of outfit Boats oanled, nombar. Steam and motor- Number < Tonnase Value of vessels Value of outfit. Ntmiber ............. Tonnage Value of vessels Value of outfit Boats carried, numbOT.. Other- Number Value of 1 ftusportlng ' Number Tonnage Value of vessels Value of outfit Boats carried, ninnbv.. Steam and motor— NumbOT Tonnage Value of vessels......... Vahg^ outfit.....^.. Beil— ' Number Tonnage Value of vessels Value of outfit Boats carried, number. OthOT— Number Value of ^ lOirtR Number Value Steam and motor — Numlier Value NtnnbOT. Value Row— Number. Valoo... Other— Untted States. Atlantic coast diviskm. Gulf of ' Mexico division. Pacific coast divialoii. Great Lakes dlTiaiim. Mississipi^ RiVOT diTisioii. $2.-,. 101.000 1 616,666,006 63,545,000 61,651,000 I60.S1S 6,933 126,453 tU, 806, 000 KO^ooo ir,606 5,370 95,502 $9,628,000 62,8U.000 9,671 915 ii.ri<>5 $1,521,000 6443,000 X"9 294 14.. 503 $1,740,000 •■••« s 14 802 65 $55,000 842 3 $1,800 34 $9, 100 6 62.100 83*549 17,989,600 52,114 64,104,000 8,971 $841,000 7,231 $1,237,000 3,956 $617,000 11,377 6470,000 19,251 64,016,000 8,472 63,471,000 518 $207,000 866 1681,006 tm'm i,i6r 20,144 62,062,000 14.410 $1,073,000 2.443 $505,000 2,906 $449,000 378 635,000 IS 61,066 47,785 $904,000 i 27,006 $484,000 5,830 $105,000 2,8.57 695,000 2,290 651,000 9,712 $169,000 3,360 I186,06» 1 2,136 in,600 ISO 691,600 606 1I4I,066 ^208 946 SU.66S CHAPTER Y. PBODUCT& tl» vifaw «r tiM U«7 prodnete in 1908 k the laigest yet reoratled, and is in hmrmmy with the daw but steady growth revealed by provious canvasses made under the direction of the Bureau of Fisheries or by the Bureau of the Census. Comparative figures as to the total value of products for 1908 and prior years have kMn gnrn In Gb^yler I of this report. Table 1, on y ^g e1ll, fa>ccnqwtiMiy#«innHiMyoftheqnintliyand valne of the prodvelB at the present ocnsus and as nperted by the Bureau of Fisheries for the period lfOO-1904, grouped according to general classes. The increase has been more or less general for those itons which are shown separately for both periods. Tkmm wm» deeraaaea botb in quantity and value for — ifcndi and irinda pwrfneto and a decrease in value ttt ojiius, aMwugh the qnanlily of tins ptodnet shows an increase, lender thehead "All other products " for the period 1900-1904 are included products which were repK)rt«d separately in 1908. The total products sliowan increase in value over those for the earher years «f » p« 9m%, the Tafaia off the fish products reported ^mmmmg 17 per «n« and tiiat ot 4snistaeeaaa 25 per cent Molluska shonr a w6^t decreaae in Tahie, amounting to 3 per cent, and the whale ptodncto a laige decrease, amounting to 39 per cent. The following statement shows tlie distribution of tta diief products of the fisheries as reported in 1908; nSHXST PBOOUCTS: 1908. Quantity. Percent Parent asT 1,803,454,000 100 $54,031,000 100 l,HI,tt7,000 1.046.541.000 394,776,000 96,225,000 347,799,000 622,000 4,088,000 3,403,000 76 55 21 5 ^1 " 30,247,000 29,354,000 893,000 3,466,000 18,752,000 545,000 497,000 523,000 56 54 2 6 35 1 1 1 mmb * hm than 1 per ceat. Fish proper fonned more than three-fourths off the quantity (76 per cent) and more than half the value (56 per cent) of the entire product. Menhaden alone contributed more than one-fourtJi of the total quantity IvileBB than one-thirtieth of the total value of fish. On **"*i**^8wiiinport«ntje oi the oyster fisheries ■dkibi wen the most important product oatride off Sail |m>per, both in quantity and in value^ ii f i p ]g per cent of the total quantity and 35 pmt c«ft ot the total value of the fishery nroducto. (24) TaUe 2, on page 26, gives statistics sho\i'ing the products by species for the United States and for the several geographic divisitnis. TheTalneofftheprodnot taken by the fisheries of the Atlantic coast diriaion is nearly double that of all the rest of the country com- bined, being 66 per cent of the total for the United States. The Pacific coast division ranked next in the value of it8 cateh, with 13 per cent of the total. The Gulf 2 ' 3 /4 5 "6 7 8 9 r 10 ' 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 as 37 as a» SB ancna. Oytttm. Cod . . . . Shad Lobster , Clams Squetea^w Halibut Haddock Carp, Gemm Lake heiriac Crabs* MnSit.^.. Mackerel , Lake trout , Herring. salt-wat«r Catfish Mussel shells, pearls, slugs Alewfves Flounders Pike perch. ............ Sponges Whiteflah BhMOrii Buffalo fish Shrimp and mnm, Hake VZ.. aSfc:::::::::::::::: and mmutY PBODUcis: 1906. nans. 000 saar.ooo 110,054,000 27,641,000 15,279,000 16,717,000 49,860,000 34,441,000 59,987,000 42,7&3,000 41,118,000 52,913,000 a3, 703, 000 394,776,000 12,108,000 12,024,000 125,050,000 17,817,000 81,869,000 13,854,000 89,978,000 23,346,000 15,247,000 622,000 7,722,000 7,647,000 16,729,000 19,080,000 3«,3«,000 29.402,000 183,574,000 tfcm. 100 12 5 6 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 21 1 1 7 1 4 1 5 1 1 VslM. 154,031,000 (») 1 1 3 a 10 15,713,000 3,347,000 2,914,000 2,113,000 1,031,000 1,890,000 1,776,000 1,562,000 1,308,000 1,135,000 989,000 912,000 908,000 893,000 soSlSo 692,000 651,000 589,000 588,000 580,000 545,000 524,000 506,000 498,000 494,000 454,000 Bar centdi»- tribu- tkm. 100 1^ a 8 3 a a a II IftltillfiV surf dams. PRODUCTS. 25 Viiitad Statea.. Uassachnaatti.. Virginia New York Washington Florida Maryland Maine New Jersey Connecticut California North Carolina. Rhode Island... Louisiana. nSHKBT PBODUCTS: 1008. Poands. Per cent dJstiibD- 1,803,454,000 Oregon.... Wisconsin. Ohio Texas. Alabama Missouri I Carolina. Kantneky MavHampatiire! Kansas Nebraska South Dakota... Wast Vi^inte... 244,313,000 312,515,000 76,485,000 100,456,000 74,087,000 113,796,000 173,843,000 71,827,000 66,942,000 47,477,000 101,422,000 44,254,000 46,106,000 3B, 302, 000 74,620,000 28,217,000 30,953,000 28,917.000 14,828,000 20,547,000 70,769,000 11,888,000 10,439,000 10,665,000 6,751,000 14,104,000 15,507,000 8,867,000 12,507,000 7, 475, 000 4,50(i,000 5,390,000 677, 000 432,000 399,000 70,000 33,000 6,7m 100 (') (') (') {') (I) (0 (') (1) 13 17 4 5 4 6 9 4 4 3 5 2 2 2 4 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 I 1 Vdne. Amount I 354,031,000 7,095,000 4,716,000 4,594,000 3,51.3,000 3, 389, 000 3,306,000 3,257,000 3,069,000 2,982,000 1,970,000 1,776,000 1,752,000 1,569,000 1,473,000 1,436,000 1,356,000 1,067,000 840,000 701,000 556,000 541,000 513,000 446,000 387,000 271,000 288,000 223,000 215,000 207,000 192,000 112,000 110,000 53,000 28,000 22,000 4,200 2,000 Per cent distiibu- 100 li 9 9 7 6 6 6 « 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 (') (') (') (') (') i • Less than 1 per cent . Statistics are shown separately for over a hundred species of fish proper, and in addition for about 50 spedes of crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic mammals, end other products, tianj off the products are brought in from the fishing grounds in a salted co^idition or an smoked by the fishermen and are so reported. The quantity and value of the catch taken by each class of apparatus of capture is shown in Table 3, on page 29, for the United States and for each of the main geographic divisi Qamatlty (pooDda). Vakie. Quantity (pounds). Vokn. 1,893.454.000 S54.031.000 l,919.8r,?.000 •49,398,000 wm. 1.441.317.000 30.247.000 1.5;}8,39 20,000 18.7.52.000 40.1.14,000 .Wi.OOO 15, 130,000 1,078,000 17,095,000 ■3.253.000 290.891.000 906.000 ■24.000 1,382,000 43,000 300,000 » 13,000 19,385.000 1,005,000 16,n7,000 81,869,000 233,309,000 2,432,000 2.582.000 4,028,000 16.000 1,890,000 092,000 15,713,000 317,000 48,000 •45,000 497,000 825,000 19,068,000 61,856,000 ao4.iis.ooo 1,551,000 f'm[m 847,800 5,576,000 9,200 1,880,000 630,000 16,681,000 279,000 .S» 880p888 816,000 3,964,000 aB,ooo 08,010 5,408,000 114,000 3U,000 ll,60l> 372,000 48,000 22,000 149,000 7,600 S,M» 250,000 1,457,000 1,145,000 61,000 1,000 89,000 13(1,000 30,000 8,810 ^,000 122,000 35,000 41,«8I (•) (•) 18,000 (•) (•) 114,000 136,000 1,400,000 5,078,000 > Combined statistics for the New Encland, South .Vtlantic.and Gulf states I ia^ aod the Gnat Lakes for 1903; and minor interior waters for 1900-1903. ■IhIbAm fclacaakB, vitaad at 833JMI0; and Sfrider and stone crabs, valued at $3,700. « teiiliM lliM I lohi I iliiiHl ■! m.lOO. Hid Aiimpshdb, Tallied at 84,400. « iBgrfM gjj^lfSy^Z^g^ f^f^ffj'j Li'l^^ W jWO; jnaMds. valued at S12,000j^ud (^arabeUs, valned at 8740O. •IM Tabu 2.— PRODUCTS, BY SPECIES AND BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1908. 1,808.454.000 VMTED STATES. Qmntit 854,081,000 350.000 80,945,000 8,840,000 220,000 3,138,000 112.000 3,313,000 200,000 7,094,000 52,000 1,006,000 6,888,000 42,750.000 4.500 17,817.000 123,000 Value. 12.000 455,000 130,000 i,m 1.600 87.000 3.500 255.000 5,500 504,000 1.900 39.000 120,000 887,000 1,135,000 700 78.1.000 2,800 ATlAimC COAST Quantity (poonds). 1,344,065,000 135.474,000 309,000 80,941,000 8,840,000 M "i;o«;i 7,088,888 1,400 755,000 1,656,000 0,749,000 1,488^088 3,528,000 I 82,000 Value. 117,738,000 14,885,000 11,000 455,000 130,000 <•) 'io^'oin' 478,000 100 32,000 52,000 323,000 79.000 132,000 1,300 sosr cat Quantity (pounds). 4,500 44,000 hi 565.000 51,000 11,000 186,000 008^888 16,000 %4tO 3,984.000 41,000 Vabia. 178,180,000 88,830,000 100 1,000 8,100 '7! 200 28,000 1,900 900 8,800 48,808 400 100 143.000 1,500 Quantity (pounds). Value. 148,884,000 50,000 800 220,000 3,093,000 112,000 82,000 209,000 89,000 457,000 1,270,000 1,600 84,000 3. .500 8,200 5,500 Quantity (pounds). 1^188,000 1,459,000 0^100 13,000 4^800 65,000 30,670,000 'i'oraiooo Value. 106,682,000 I8,n7,008 128,000 58,000 858,000 '395,066 Quantity (ponndi). 45,000 76,000 10,148,000 4,500 963,000 Valoo^ 6,100 1,900 194,000 y 700 50,000 « Table 2.— PRODUCTS, BY SPECIES AND BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1908— Continued. 2T a HTM OOABt emr or msooo BtVUKM. viwwt OW. Quanttty (psondi). Value. • uuaBmy (poaadi). Value. QnantnT (pauana). VakM. Onaatltv ) 3,700 32,000 1,981,000 16,000 1,317,000 553,000 25,000 21,000 4,416,000 8.305.000 1,035,000 1,957,000 317,000 35,000 12,000 392,000 8.400 300,000 43,000 80,000 545,000 61,000 1,000 S9.000 136,000 30,000 8,200 215.000 7.400 4,000 100 9,300 3,000 3,000 400 252,000 26.660 1,700 ATLANTIC COAST OCU OF MEXICO DIVISION. DIVISION. rxanc coast UVUHIM. OBEAT LAKH ammam. QuanUtT Value. Quantitv (poondsj. Value. Quantitv Value. Qoantitv (poaadi). Value. Quantity (peaods). Value. 695,000 662,000 U4,000 672,000 33,000 2,500 3,645,000 (I 6103,000 12,546,000 232,000 303,000 4,036,000 54,000 3603,000 13,000 4,500 228,000 2,200 »,m 4,i6l 766 1,622,000 44,427,000 14,000 1,881,000 6<»,oeo 42,000 1,504,000 600 180,000 66,000 1,337,000 42,000 1,776,000 300,000 135,000 13,000 7,300 700 M5,0QO 839,000 299,000 ^860 6,902,000 356,000 635,000 160,000 6,700 m,m »,m 802,000 28,000 885,000 7,800 21,000 200 2.706,000 W5,000 198.000 37,000 7,600 80,000 1,600 11,^,09 986,060 224,000 7,366,000 342,000 15,000 6,300 781,000 19,069 11,000 507,000 17,000 1,300 41,666 i,aoo 1,553,000 18,000 987,000 44,000 U,000 37,460,000 10,176,000 7,643,000 7,200 76,000 600 20,000 63,000 2,800 398,000 332,000 23,000 P) 61,000 235,000 4«,000 38.000 2,400 18.000 20,000 16,666 4. 100 • 2,382,000 45,000 9,669 a6;«6i ^ WytOO 8Q0 17,669 a,«8» 14,000 U^669 n,oa9 800 1.071.000 1 29.000 4,m,m 126,000 27,000 ii,66i 79,000 3,766 2,000 i7« nnn 14 nm 9,400 hm 316,000 14989 u,m,m 1,«,000 63,000 11,161,660 2,600 »1,666 ^000 1,005,000 69,000 58,000 16,000 17,000 7,3M n,m ^7l^6M 306,000 7,336,000 8.1.%, 000 24,000 365,000 64,642,000 22,436,000 27,252,000 2,432,000 131,000 8,474,000 5,403,000 1,3»«,000 546,000 3.600 21,000 7,239,000 948,000 1,944,000 317,000 34.000 10.000 5,400 182,000 5,800 31,225,000 7,956,000 4,522,000 700,000 400 15,000 1,112,000 381,000 87,000 6,200 100 1,100 2,055,000 1.800 104,000 686,000^ 200 6,500 68,000 1,600 76,266,000 386,000 • 200,000 800 1,3B0 on, 000 7,100 300,000 2,452,000 ^000 38,000 42,000 MM 110,000 4,600 ^800 623,000 253,000 25,000 aip<60 566,000 40,000 207,000 806,069 13,000 ll,«9 39,666 1,300 98i 119,000 48,000 100 64,000 3,700 3,100 31,000 657,000 93,000 2,800 221,000 29,000 88,000 4,000 3.222,000 660,000 772,000 262,000 21,000 1,000 500 77,000 15,000 8,200 97,000 7,400 4,000 100 9,500 3,000 3,600 400 240,000 20,000 26,000 1,700 20.000 40,000 3,900 77,000 16,000 15,000 30,000 («) 11,000 29,000 100 100 14,000 400 14,000 11,666 ii9,666^ 100,000 13,000 12,000 900 r ✓ PRODUCTS. 29 T^atM PBOmrCTS, BT 0I«A88 OF FI8HBBIB8, APPABATUS OF GAFTUBB, AHD OBOGBAPHIC DIVISIONS: IMt. CLASS or nSHKBIEa AND KIND 4m Beam trawls D redge s, ton^ rakes, etc.. £tan (band, tnwl, sod set). Kets: Fyke and hoop nets Gill nets Found nets, trap nets, ttld WViflla ••••••••• • • Bttm Trammel nets All other (cast nets, dip nets, lift nets, etc.). . . Pots, traps, etc S^^eapparatus Wbeeis ^ V< Beamtmwis Dredges, taagt, lakas, etc E M pomm^ im m n, ste iPyke and hoop nets OIUiMtL...... Pound nets, tnqi asts, and weirs , Seines Trammel nets AU other (cast nets, dip nets, lift nets, etc.) Pots, traps, etc Sponge apparatus Whaling apparatus Minor apparatus. Shore and boat fisheries. Beam trawls Dredges, tongs, rakes, etc Harpoons, spears, etc Lines (band, trawl, and set). . . , Nats: Frka and hoop nets 001 nets. Poond Btiu, tt^ vitM, aai weira Seines Trammel nets All other (oMt asiL dip nets, lift ne(% ate;) Pots, traps, etc Sponge apparatus I ana slides Qnaatitr (pooads). 1,893,454,000164.061,000 3,752,000 356,990,000 3,669,000 848,772,000 38,050,000 181,224,000 314,031,000 573,593,000 15,708,000 23,582,000 23,979,000 622,000 3,710,000 1,958.000 8,515,000 Value. 90,000 18,772,000 294,000 9,396,000 1,218,000 7, 896,914,000 22,233,000 3,867,000 128, 482, 000 miSSoS 1,793,000 62,080,000 26, 184.000 429, .521, 000 1,027.000 4,859,000 1,884,000 487,000 3,710.000 295,000 996.540,000 884.000 234,558,000 930,000 97,936,000 36,257,000 128,243.000 287,847,000 144,071,000 14,681,000 18,723,000 22,094,000 130,000 1,958,000 5,641,000 6,002,000 486,000 553,000 2,589,000 545,000 468,000 100,000 380,000 ATLANTIC COAST Quantitv (pounds). 1,344,666,000 836,474,000 117,606,000 64,flB8»000 176,160,000 86,889,006 146,311,000 11,126.006 106,681.666 88,767,669 3,736,000 233,957,000 3,436,000 270,230,000 6,043,000 56,816,000 244,571,000 482,587,000 12,000 16.056,000 18,275,000 3,«t5,000 123,000 5,340,000 709,476,000 70,000 9,0 08, 000 42,000 1,974,000 374,000 2,304,000 30,000 93,000 211,000 436,000 468.000 16,000: 31,798,000 20,000 9,770,000 66,000 2,373, 1,171,690 6,861,000 5.266.000 3,608,000 2,852,000 107,303,000 s.6n,ooo 181,718,000 1,013,000 18,019,000 25,602,000 413,177,000 500 129,000 1,761,000 3,495.000 294,000 575,190,000 884,000 126,564,000 403,000 77,512,000 5,090,000 88,797,000 Value. ouur or Mexico Quantity (pounds). 89,000 15,804,000 358,000 6,316,000 20,259,000 210,000 2,506,000 3,563,000 3,525,000 1,200 371,000 2,185,000 336,000 L900 218,000 17,006,000 60,000 8,440,000 227,000 4,822,000 23,000 469,000 341,000 2,023,000 (') 5,400 204,000 336,000 16,000 18,468,000 20,000 7,364.000 31,000 1,494,000 187,000 2,097,000 3,222,000 1,502,000 1,690 2,378,0001 109 100, 1,900 44,400,000 134,000 551,000 16,<»8,000 295,000 28,893,000 4,998,000 632,000 220,000 022,000 673,000 37,597,001) 14,663,000 16,000 13,769,000 399,010 7,4ff2.000 978,000 487,000 80,098,000 29,738,000 118,000 6,500,000 551,000 15.725,000 295,000 21,401,000 4,686,606 683,000 220,000 136,000 0n,98i Value. 1,586,000 7,500 907,000 21,000 608,000 18,000 812,000 149.000 28,000 116,000 646,000 68,000 l.ti8L'.()l> 459,000 900 60,000 16,000 120,000 29,000 436,000 1,127,000 6,000 284,000 21,000 552,000 18.000 602,000 36,000 116,000 109,000 PACDIC COAST mSSBOPff KIVEK Quantity (pounds). Val-. value. 15.000 2,211,000 43.204.000 1,581, 1. KX) 697,000: 70.222,000; 296f ( 7,712,t 1,419,000 29,213,000 24,811,000 1,951.000 0,639,000 4,808,000 214,000 1,836,000 2,291,000 15,000 377,000 38,630,000 86,00C 0,818,000 15,000 4,718,000 15,000 214,000 3,142,000125,362,000 1,835,000 4 673, 000 1,419,000 57,452,000 29,213,000 17,994,001 1,921,000 4,793,000 1,836,000 71,« 1,8U,0 23,271,C 887,0001 2,607,C 601.000 29,071,' 52,000 8,092.000' 133,000 208,000 132,000 98,000 67,000 1,912,000 1,100 104,000 1,468.000 6,700 111,000 40» 87,000 1,900 132,000 4,928,000 177,000j 323,000 197,600 2,484,000 439,000 2,012,000 33,000 600 145,827,000 593,000 76.222,000 298,000 113,000 7,712,000 71,000 2,306,000 22,832,000 252,000 2,697,000 27,060,000 8,«B9,r^ 177,000 888,000 686,000 13,000 358,000 713,000 77,000 895,000 271,000 17,000 61,000 OEKAT LAU9 STnS Valua. 200,000 112, ( 2,367,( 800 16,000 194,000 6,766,0001 108,000 i%«88;«8a %9m,m 37,255,000 8,230,000 655.000' 1,097,000 109,000 13,000 24.000 7H.000j 4,300 353.000 19,000 14 flOo| 2,989 61,000 3!.. .'.'..», m*) 1 .571,000 13,000 47,000 1,000 (') 3,064,0001 70,063,000 086,000 13,000 358,000 700,000 10,000 77,000 847,000 17,000 61,000 828,000 341,000 34,582,000 582.000 114.000 12,000 109,000 6,809 909 4,909 2,196,000 200,000 112,000 1,539,000 6,426,000 16,018,000 36,673,000 8,m,on 66,000 M;ies Harracuda Black bass Black ead Bluefla h. Buffalo Rsh... Butterfisb Carp. OOMB. Catfish Cobia , Cod Cnppie and strawbemr Xma. camitf. ;. cSBSi::;:::::::::::::::: Gunner...... Cask. Pogfls h,orbowfin3. Pmm , hw fa-wate r. Dniui, Mit'WMlW... Eds Floanders. Graaper. . . Gnmti Haddock.. Hake Halibut Herring HMTmg ^ria). fcwflsh Jnrel Ladyfish Ling, or eelpout. Macknel, chub.. MKherd Menhaden Ma^^g. Peivh, jflMr. FWmit Pompoiw .. SSEi nmm. ...... Rock haai.. Roclcfish Round rol)in fiagame nto pike Sardines., Scop Sea bass. . Sea robin . Shad ... m,m,m 359,000 n,978,000 38,000 220,000 3,250,000 3,313,000 209,000 7,647,000 1,000,000 4,738,000 16,729.000 6,855,000 42,763,000 17,817,000 123,000 110.054,000 2,794,000 1,564,000 8,143,000 250,000 199,000 6,344,000 1,701,000 6,532,000 3,358,000 23,34ti,000 1,870,000 380,000 59,987,000 34,340,000 34,441,000 125,050,000 41,118,000 876,000 223,000 52,000 346,000 326,000 639,000 12,103,000 394,776,000 2,200 25,000 417,000 1,518,000 2,412,000 7,898,000 24,000 777,000 2,959,000 15,247,000 29,462,000 570,000 m.ooo .35,000 305,000 107,000 2,454,000 26,000 20,000 1,720,000 90,417,000 4^0^000 s,a4,ooo %»2,000 115,000 27,641,000 12,000 580,000 1,600 1,600 91,000 255,000 5,500 506,000 »,000 130,000 498,000 237,000 1,1.35,000 785,000 2,800 2,914,000 108,000 28,000 226,000 7,000 7,500 105,000 22,000 154,000 IM,000 203,000 588,000 42,000 19,000 1,308,000 464,000 1,562,000 796,000 980,000 38,000 5,100 900 9,000 4,500 16,000 848,000 893,000 900 1,700 9,600 49,000 137,000 258,000 1,000 32,000 174,000 580,000 402,000 71,000 6,900 2,800 2,800 6,100 66,000 500 500 39,000 3,347,000 30,000 290,000 284,000 700 Quantity (pounds). 18,000 400 38,000 501,000 1,204,000 2l»,000 3,781,000 317,000 175,000 812,000 17,000 1,062,000 7,012,000 100 104,553,000 372,000 1,269,000 934,000 211,000 600 6,344,0)0 29,000 812,000 631,000 161,000 4,017,000 1,779,000 281,000 57,973,000 33,633,000 34,4»,O0O 12,«0O 17,«» 171,000 8,800 06,000 7,000 173,000 100 1,700 35,600 19,000 61,000 22,009 52,000 212,000 2,600 161,000 232,000 270,000 20,164,000 13,000 110,000 15,000 302,000 1M88 105,000 301,000 CM.O0O i,fto,m 200 (•) 1,600 16,000 92,000 5,500 307,000 13,000 7,100 23,000 800 35,000 290,000 2,787,000 21,000 20,000 32,000 5,900 (') 105,000 500 29,000 25,000 8,800 91,000 38,000 14,000 1,260,000 458,000 1,561,000 MO m 4,8» 400 1,800 200 8,300 100 2,000 1,200 3,900 900 3,200 9,000 100 8,200 16,000 23,000 309,000 1,800 5,700 1,200 2,700 %m 6,000 11,000 23,000 244,000 GUI nets. Quantity (pounds). 181,334,080 32,000 2,211,000 55,000 2,644,000 64,000 2,029,000 293,000 28,000 131,000 184,000 894,000 215,000 m,m 2,091,000 2,800 81,000 428,000 400 3,300 29,000 622,000 6,500 820,000 74,000 86,000 180,000 44,000 11,302,000 aCTXtOoo 3^800 ai»oeo 1,400 91,000 173,000 2,8g,000 39,000 22,743,000 200 52,000 22,000 ^310,000 8,800 129,000 144,000 8,057,000 591,000 377,000 16,000 16,000 3,200 88,000 m 20,000 369,000 46,219,000 86,000 14,000 46,000 1,388 $i,m,m 600 20,000 400 7^080 5,900 109,000 5,(500 1,300 5,000 8,000 25,000 11,000 1,888 87,000 100 2,600 9,500 (') 600 18,000 500 20,000 3,500 4,400 4,100 500 218,000 721,000 10,000 700 100 1,000 3,100 l^OOO 1,800 593,000 («) 800 700 2^000 300 4,300 9,800 277,000 6,900 49,000 900 1,300 1,200 500 11,000 1,941,000 400 400 2,100 Seines. Quantity (pounds). 573,405,000 500 18,928,000 165,000 88B 1,288,000 1,221,000 9,300 2,524,000 7,138,000 204,000 24,162,000 3,706,000 n,88B 1,502,000 1,132,000 105,000 1,421,000 1,000 817,000 888,000 3,888,000 318,000 1,645,000 9,300 12,000 1,437,000 70,000 9,000 33,988,000 8,000 278,000 10,000 32,000 320,000 500 280,000 8,174,000 8n,636,000 2,200 39,000 7,444,000 800 288,000 894,000 M^OOO 5,700 432,000 587,000 155,000 6,812,000 144,000 4,600 77,000 22,000 1,017,000 13,290,000 4,552,000 1,836,000 352,000 1,800 3,562,000 Value. 166,000 1,200 m 102,000 54,000 400 67,000 218,000 14,000 611,000 151,000 1,300 33,000 42,000 3,200 48,000 100 10,000 24,000 86,000 12,000 43,000 400 500 33,000 1,100 900 198,000 200 12,000 400 400 8,400 "U 608,000 822,000 900 1,500 235,000 100 4,300 30,000 52,000 tim 200 12,000 27,000 13,000 61,000 16,000 100 3,500 400 17,000 415,000 30,000 58,000 13,000 Pound nets, trap mUL Quantity 114,081,000 309,000 66,369,000 100 77,880 534,000 474,000 197,000 828,000 6,439,000 1,224,000 1,505,000 1,813,000 78,000 80,000 6,071,000 2,300 100 67,000 2,326,000 165,000 900 33,000 2,400 214,000 4,369,000 7,500 10,000 398,000 12,000 138,000 400 50O 11,888 593,000 5,100 72,868,000 16,319,000 237,000 336,000 266,000 12,000 100 («) 102,000 181,888 21,^^800 1,300 .MM 42,000 67,000 61,000 88,000 100 1,700 3,300 (*) 7a'^ 880 88^888 53,000 1,. 303,000 6,286,000 1,893,000 24,000 2,600 3,900 7,100 74,000 246,000 26,000 3,300 200 300 IMM • ••••••••••• ' m 130,000 2S,74Mn ^500 5,926,000 392,000 113,000 8,988,000 207,000 23,000 700 619,000 n BY APPARATCm OP CAPTURE: 1908. w— (oouUmisdi) Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (poimto). Value. QuantitT (pounds). Vabie. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pooads) 38,080,000 81,218,000 15,708,000 8486,000 33,582,000 8653,000 23,878,880 •3,588,000 7,079,000 8762,000 356,090,000 818,772,000 14,848,080 81,115,000 188,000 4,700 1,990,000 25,000 116,000 1,H0 500 14,000 3,700 1,000 300 210,000 19,000 205,000 18,000 1,500 100 308,880 u,8eo 21,000 2,500 1,296,000 6,502,000 4,500 10,067,000 4,445,880 1,100 20O 25,000 179,000 100 286,000 219,000 61,000 2,700 301,000 1,200,000 6,300 41,000 8,400 500 7,200 115,000 24,000 100 300 (') 400 6,000 900 (») 200,000 12,000 6,000 700 8,000 45,000 200 1,100 5, 154,000 663,000 141,000 32,000 23,000 163,000 1,000 12,000 58,«)0 4.200 1,500 3,808 1,400 MO m 200 1.000 931,000 100 32,000 2,500 MO m 275,000 28,000 157,000 9,900 600 3,400 100 (') 2,400 100 111,000 2,900 21,000 36,080 191,000 4,066" 2,200 50,000 14,000 3,838,000 700 1,100 7,100 io6 100 2,100 800 88,800 500 33,000 ............ ^V,900 266 (') iw 4,000 """608,' 666' 2,196,000 3,600 178,000 2,955,000 200 7,'766' 58,000 100 12,000 78,088 " "i7i,'666' 245,000 441,000 13,000 1,900,000 "2,' 466' 7,400 20,000 700 8^808 1,500 257,000 185,000 (») 20,000 8,800 2,178,000 30,000 135,000 400 19,000 1,400 500 14, WW 27,000 m ..... — 100 700 1,300 6,878,000 3,100 9,600 45,000 200 600 (*) (') 20,000 800 700 7,500 12,888 MO 100 uo 808 (») 35,000 880 880 P) 2,800 17,000 200 200 500 (») 1,500 (') 12,000 2,932,000 300 80,000 ^200 1^1)00 7,700 500 16,000 1,100 800 100 3,600 300 495,000 378,000 3,280,000 14,000 22,000 66,000 63,000 2,300 7.100 300 4,600 35,000 200 2,200 500 (») 200 («) 8,100 7,080 400 300 i66 631.000 420,000 (') 44,000 15,000 300 17,000 19,000 m 1,000 1,500 1,600 380 100 3,000 41.000 40,000 1,400 3,800 m 1,000 200 13,888 1,108 46,000 1,700 600 (') 63,000 2,400 3,000 100 100 38,888 13,088 400 86,000 1,818 3,400 388 1,888,888 87,888 4,200 11,000 300 400 800 (») 1,100 m 129,666 9,300 379,666 29,000 1.8M •Less than lOO pounds. 32 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Tabu 4.— PB0DUCIS» BY SFECIES AND BT CAUOHT BY- TOTAL. ValM. YafeM. Vatat. Vakw. VUm. 72.000 185,000 974,000 131,000 102,000 13,498,000 70,000 387.000 t va,m 1 %mm 59,000 187,000 36,000 4,100 7,800 530,000 35,000 18,000 1,495,000 13,000 5,600 429,000 88,000 1.854.000 ! 11,400 12,000 9,100 900 12,000 636,000 4,400 16,000 6, 100 17,000 1,500 100 200 30,000 1,000 6,300 113,000 800 400 29,000 7,800 41,000 2,200 92,000 9,068,000 104,000 118,000 80,000 2,100 15,000 611,000 280,000 6,400 663,000 318,000 3,C00 100 38,000 1,561,000 4.300 12.000 2,370,000 $53,000 (J) 100 78,000 186,000 1,747,000 338.000 «,«•,•» 2,053,000 775,000 702,000 85,000 7,500 80,000 9,aoa 1««,000 09,000 21,000 2,100 76,000 1,273,000 808,000 16, m, 000 M4,000 327,000 645,000 796,000 1,900 56,000 18,000 ni,eo» 52,000 18,000 20,000 19,000 5,800 370,000 lUiOOO 718,000 344,000 4,877,000 500 29,000 11,000 mm 65,000 32,000 05,008 4.800 200 MO 35,000 31,000 1,400 800 406,000 41,000 14,000 808 9,460,000 1,400 4,927,000 557,000 56,000 490,000 UMM 610,000 100 31.5,000 21,000 5,500 16,000 ■^M LOOO 8,400 13,000 477,000 98,000 697,000 n,m 100 400 800 17,000 4,200 15,000 18,008 1,057,000 152,000 2,736,000 127,000 8,000 67,000 iM,m 77,000 7,300 204,000 9,800 800 1,000 11,818 26,545,000 166,000 287,000 11,000 200 244,000 113,000 5,300 15,000 700 1,418 4,639,000 7,200 too 18,008 MM ^iM 100 m Mi O 500 13,000 100 600 6,900 1,800 1,000 900 100 O l7,lM,Hi mm 300 1,300 121,000 2,200 2,000 6,800 128,000 100 2,700 11,000 120.000 169,000 281,000 4,600 43,000 7,600 2,293,000 3,300 41,000 35,000 2,200 700 47,000 2, 100 (') «,m (») 1,000 (') 653,666 322 7,300 4,100 21,000 2,200 1. li FiA— Continued. Shaepstaead. Sflverhaka. :^katrs ^melt Sn^tper, red U II IS M IS 17 18 Striped IM Stureeon. Swordfisb. Tmutop Tomcod Tnmt, brook. Ttaat,lake.. White bass... Whitefish Whiting YeUowtaH.. Ail other... Frogs Crabs, hard... Crabs, soft Cribs, king. . . Crate, »ider.. 38 30 At Oiiiw, hard. . Clains, soft... Clams, raxor. 40 j Clams, surl. 41 Oysters, niarket, from public areas. . Oysters, market, from pri-vate areas. Oysters, seed, from pouic areas 46 47 51 52 53 8i , porpoto. , minlc 56 Hides, 57 Skins, 5S Skins, muskral*.. 50 Skills, otter a o 63 61 ; Oil. fish 65 Oil, porpoise. LiTen. . Soands. 01 C7 «0 ni Sea OH. sea^kphant. Ofl. aeaL.. Ofl, sperm. ...... Oil. whale Irish moss. . ..... 75,000 2,637.000 10,336,000 402,000 4,340,000 13,498,000 366,000 ^^&i08 4^81^888 3,657,000 2,072,000 8,555,000 885,000 2,714,000 995,000 289,000 18,000 12,024,000 265.000 7,722,000 1,014,000 253,000 3,736,000 m,m 259,000 42,012,000 10,301,000 7,643,000 7,200 614,000 15,279,000 626,000 1,818,000 7,806,000 8,654,000 259,000 205,000 103,641,000 74,652,000 26,960,000 %4B;008 146,000 8,542,000 81,860,000 952,000 2,562,000 368,000 1,068,000 823,000 372,000 48,000 22,000 149,000 7,600 8,100 63,000 657,000 96,000 221,000 29,000 88,000 4,000 3,391,000 573,000 772,000 252,000 81,500 97,000 93,000 4,200 174,000 636,000 15,000 194,000 314,000 157,000 215,000 21,000 198,000 37,000 9, 100 6,300 800,000 13,000 524,000 78,000 18,000 86,000 8il»8a8 42,000 553,000 359,000 23,000 "U 32.000 1,931,000 71,000 481,888 16,000 1,317,000 563,000 25,000 21,000 4,416,000 8,306,000 1,086,000 1,887,000 317,000 35,000 12.000 392,000 8,400 300,000 43,000 80,000 40,000 545,000 61,000 1.000 89,000 136,000 30.000 8.200 215,000 7,400 4,100 9,500 3,000 3,600 400 252,000 30,000 26,000 1,700 APPARATUS OF CAPTUBE: l«8--CoBtimMd. CMOR BT— (< Fyke and hoop nets. Trammel nets. All other nets.' Pots, traps, etc. Harpoons, .spoars. etc. Dredges, tongs, etc. All otber^tparatua. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pooDda). VaiiHk 1«1,000 87,300 27,000 81,100 300 (») 10,000 3200 m,808 1,080,088 1,808 81,888 36,000 $m 1,4W 800 18,000 37,000 125,000 021,000 9,000 336,000 285,000 700 2,000 2,400 34,000 1,200 16,000 8,000 800 200 13,000 46,000 70,000 (') («) 500 2,300 6.000 12,000 2,900 446,000 191,000 89,000 2,262,000 1,300 100 9,300 19,000 3,300 66,000 ... 1 8,000 noo 1 4,300 14.000 1,600 300 1,300 100 1 29,000 1,400 21,000 11,100 5,700 100 2,706,000 198,000 14.000 74,000 600 1,500 2,600 300 105,000 4,900 10,000 86,000 40,000 12,000 800 4,000 3,600 4001 8,400 100 8,000 2,000 1,100 10,000 300 (») (') 6,300 loo 4,600 800 100 400 "mm 18,000 17,000 000 1 200 50,000 (») 8,400 22,000 1,266,000 3,3n,000 2,300 38,000 133,000 4,000 4,8i%oao 500 131,000 184,000 eoo 8,300 3,405,000 30,000 MO 900 3,600 43,000 500 1,600 100 9,971,000 6,716,000 19,000 8105,000 199,000 100 8,400 300 6.000 300 5,600 600 606,000 15,272,000 utfa, UUU 140,000 31,000 1,880,000 aa MM 11^888 20 nnn i,m,m 1 nnn 07,000 IB MM too 15,000 1,005,000 M7,000 797,000 234,000 1,100 16,000 93,000 49,000 33,000 6.958,000 7,856,000 24,000 265,000 103,142,000 74,616,000 25,633,000 28.056,000 2,430,000 24.000 8,472.000 81,825,000 1,224.000 504.000 3,600 21,000 4, 408,000 8,301,000 997,000 1,957,000 317,000 .5,000 9,900 392,000 499,000 36,000 1,327,000 7,900 8^881 1,800 78,000 400 81,000 800 44,000 60,000 44,000 330,000 300 8.900 1,700 200 5,200 300 1,600 300 721,000 1,800 300,000 25,000 400 188,000 400 200 4,700 135,000 178,000 11,000 5,000 8,800 14,810 100 600 4,000 8^808 1,000 8,808 55,000 166,000 818,888 30,000 5,300 %«s 800 m (*) («) 22,000 139,000 7,008 89,000 136,000 30.000 (») 9,200 100 9,000 1,600 63,000 2.200 215,000 1.408 8^888 8,000 800 88^888 8,808 4,000 3,363,000 573,000 400 251,000 30,000 28,000 76,066' 1,988 1 778,800 183,000 86,066" 1,300 1 > Less than 3100. * Less than 100 76786«— 11 3 wmBsmoBS w ibs umffiD states, im. Tabu »^PR0DUCTS— DETAIL SUMMARY, BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908. United SUtfls. Aitamas. Kitnsas Kentucky. LouiaaiM. Micfaifaii. Minnesota.. Miasiasippi. ' Hampshira. Mew Jenev Mew York KorthCa Ohio Oktetaoma. United States. ConoBcticiitM. Delaware Vlarida. Georgia Prash Salted Smoked... Fresh Salted. Xew g New Jcner - rn - Smoked. MonsTtvaiili.. Fresh Salted. Quantity (poaadi). 1,803,454,000 10,666,000 U,H7,aoo 47,47', 000 66,942,000 70,760,000 74,087,000 14,828,000 74,620,000 UkW7.000 8» 817, 000 432,000 6,390,000 46, 106,000 173,843,000 113,796,000 244,313,000 38,302,000 7,475,000 20,547,000 6,751,000 399,000 677,000 74,827,000 79,485,000 101,422,000 28,917,000 6,700 28,217,000 11,888,000 44,254,000 14,104,000 70,000 4,906,000 10,439,000 312,515,000 100,456,000 Value. 854,031,000 80,978,000 80,945,000 8,840,000 193.000 1,025,000 794,000 1,224,000 32,000 2,086,000 1,781,000 112,000 192,000 28,805,000 24,451,000 4,354,000 4,082,000 3,038,000 1,024,000 121,000 1,309,000 654,000 10,928,000 7,734,000 3,203,000 1,200 767,000 619,000 148,000 388,000 387,000 307,000 1,970,000 2,982,000 541,000 3,389,000 701,000 1,436,000 223,000 215,000 28,000 110,000 1,560,000 3,257,000 3,306,000 7,095,000 1,473,000 192,000 556,000 271,000 22,000 53,000 3,089,000 4,594.000 1,776,000 840,000 300 1,356,000 513,000 1,752,000 288,000 4,200 112,000 446,000 4,716,000 3,513,000 2,000 1,087,000 12,000 800 5,400 1^600 400 580,000 455,000 130,000 3,500 12,000 8,400 5,500 1,000 18,000 12,000 2,000 3,400 157,000 98,U0U 50,000 46,000 29,000 16,000 1,800 12,000 7,100 140,000 88,000 52,000 0) 6,400 5,300 1, 100 4,600 171.000 SraaXS AKD STATE. United States. Fneh California Fresh _ Betted BLACK United States. Alabama.. Arkansas.. California. Florida... Georgia... Illinois Iowa. Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi Missouri New York North Carolina.. Tennessee Texas United Statae. Caliibraia Oregon Waehington.. Connecticut Florida Fresh Salted Maryland Massachusetts.... Mississippi New Jersey New York North Carolina... Fresh Salted Pennsylvania . . ,. Rhode Island Virginia All other states*. California Ftorida Massachus^te... New Jersey...., New York North OeroUna.. Viigiole. Ftorid*. niinota Iowa Louisiana Michigan MimiflBOte IfiasisBippi MiflBoon New York North CaroUaaw. 1.600 ^gJJ^--" t,fn I An other 8tatn«.' < Includes Delaware, GeorgiB, Soath CeroUna, aod Texas. Qosnti^ 3,250,000 3,1»,000 3,908,000 3,088,000 3,313,000 36,000 992,000 82,000 1,070,000 6,000 532,000 54,000 7,100 40,000 15,000 15,000 329,000 38,000 511,000 177,000 17,000 71,000 909,000 35,000 5,000 188,000 7,l«,000 7,900 •82,000 901,000 61,000 14,000 42,000 18,000 1,850,000 3,191,000 1,266,000 1,255,000 1,400 7,500 40,000 242,000 26,000 399,000 11,000 66,000 578,000 102,000 11,000 900 4,738,000 9,100 228,000 1,647,000 1,714,000 127,000 40,000 48,000 66,000 14,000 441,000 81,000 166,000 148,000 58,000 75,000 27,000 Value. S91,l 88,000 M,000 PRODUCTS. SmOfABY BY STAfBS AHD BY Btl Indiaiia.... Iowa Kansas — Kentucky. Louisiana.. MlnnesoU. Nebraska Ohio Oklahoma South Dakota. TeoiMBsee. . . . ■ BUTTUnSH. UaMed California. . . Connectk;ut. MMaie... norida Maiylamd Massachusetts.. New Jersey KewYork NerthCaraiina. CABP, QEBlf AN. United States, riesh Alabama — Arkansas — CaUiM^... Delaware.... Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa. Kansas. . . . Kentucky., Louisiana.. Maryland . . Michigan.. Minnesota. Mississippi . Missoun... Nebrsska. . New Jenay NewY«« Ohio QnaDtti Pennsylvania South DakoU.... Tennessee....... Virginia Wisconsin Fresh Smoked..... United SUtes. Delaware. Florida. Georgia. Iowa. Kansas.... Kentucky.. Louisiana.. Maryland.. Mlohigaa.. Minnesota. IfiMiSsippi. 16,729,000 226,000 2,051,000 3,042,000 124,000 566,000 35,000 530,000 2,626,000 664,000 1,664,000 903,000 43,000 9,000 1,200 32,000 704,000 240,000 300 3,178,000 6,855,000 89,000 102,000 700 16,000 6,400 151,000 67,000 2,054,000 1,229,000 1,302,000 1,112,000 736,000 42,763,000 «,7»,000 4,500 22,000 175,000 427,000 7,600 133,000 38,000 21,642,000 128,000 2,048,000 304,000 449,000 12,000 167,000 2,459,000 1,132,000 26,000 2,432,000 254,000 220,000 406,000 228,000 7,158,000 71,000 12,000 237,000 286,000 2,247,000 2,242,000 4,500 17,817,000 323,000 895,000 1,069,000 151,000 1,481,000 280,000 2,044,000 102,000 418,000 52,000 436,000 4,405,000 409,000 270,000 208,000 502,000 Vahw. $498,000 11,000 43,000 117,000 7,000 23,000 2,000 21,000 60,000 22,000 34,000 30,000 2,200 800 ^'\,200 22,000 7,400 ^,000 90,000 13,000 4,100 300 7,400 3,500 51,000 64,000 29,000 42,000 31,000 1,135,000 1,136,000 700 1,500 4,100 4,300 600 6,700 1,200 574,000 6,000 •> 62,000 19,000 18,000 1,000 7,100 55,000 26,000 500 -flO.OOO 12,000 16,000 31,000 7,000 129,000 2,200 700 8,200 8,000 52,000 62,000 700 785,000 17,000 33,000 56,000 7,300 54,000 15,000 96,000 7,800 33,000 4,400 26,000 143,000 18,000 12,000 14,000 19,000 CATTISH— continued. Missouri Nebraska New Jersey New York North Caitfiaa Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania South Dakala Tenncasee Texas Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin AU other statca*.. Uaitad Flodte United States. Fresh Ca . Conneettent. Delaware Maine Fresh Salted M a ss a chu setts Fresh Salted New Hampshire.... New Jersey New York Peimsylvania Rhode Island Washington, salted . CRAPPIE AND STKAWBJESXT BASS. United SUtes. Alabama.. Arkansas.. Florida.... IlUnois.... Iowa Kansas.... Kentucky. Louisiana. Minnaaata. Mi! Missour North Carolina... Tennessee Texas Wisconsin Alabama. Florida Loulriana Misstasippi.... Tezaa.. United Alabama. California Delaware Ftorida Georgia Loulnana Maryland Mississippi New Jersey New York North CaroHna.. Pennsylvania... South Ca " Texas... ViiSinia. Qnantil 1,166,000 66,000 63,000 247,000 504,000 505,000 301,000 36,000 20,000 367,000 560,000 738,000 9,600 276,000 25,000 123,00t 110.054.000 79,808,000 9,298.000 820.000 7,000 20,013,000 17,385,000 3,828,000 73,819,000 B, 148. 000 19,671,000 135,000 3,767,000 2,999,000 50,000 1,497,000 1, 2,704,000 23,000 300,000 180,000 281,000 115,000 600 12,000 96,000 97,000 93,000 336,000 24,000 186,000 41,000 10,000 6,300 1,435,000 24,000 600 19,000 %143,000 72,000 68,000 79,000 94,000 46,000 369,000 179.000 176,000 790,000 7,500 1,177,000 14,000 85.000 159.000 4,830,000 ««,080 6,000 5,300 20,000 11,000 25,000 9,000 1,700 2,000 20,000 26,000 31,000 700 "« 2.914,000 1,964,000 94.000 27,000 400 439,000 351,000 88,000 1,966,000 1,311,000 644,000 3,900 130.000 09,000 800 42,000 1 08,000 1,300 13,000 7,400 35,000 4,700 ^'^900 6,400 6,000 5,000 17,000 1,000 7,800 8,800 w 226.000 1,400 1,800 2,900 2,100 1,800 28,000 5,300 3,700 19,000 300 81,000 500 2.800 7,000 119,000 * Less than 8100. > Includes Florida, Oregon, Texas, and West Viiginia. » ladodes Oomnittwrt, OMriwnm, Bhada IManrt, and flooth Carolina. • FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. B.r^fwomKm-'mftMUs mmuAst by 8X4X18 akd bt mcnsB: UUUUS OOD. Uaited SUtea. Fresh. nt-m York North Caroiina. 6,344,000 105,000 6,242.000 103,000 103,000 2,200 2,078.000 2,039,000 39,000 4,267,000 4,203,000 32,000 31,000 900 73.000 72,000 1,701,000 22,000 1,370,000 85,000 34,000 «2,000 101,000 «,000 18,000 1,200 700 600 1,400 000 184,000 Alabama.. Arkansas. Kentocky. Louisiana. WehiBan. nocida. Hew Jenl^ North Carolina.. ■Dath( rnited Coanecticut. DelawATP . . . Olinoii iowa Kew Josey. NMrYotk.. 250,000 167,000 20,000 1,000 93,000 10^000 151,000 402,000 666,000 137,000 188,000 18,000 354,000 845,000 186,000 333,000 337.000 323.000 227,000 204,000 13.000 000,000 4,576.000 1, 1, 151,000 428,000 151,000 716.000 39,000 244,000 8,700 343,000 109.000 300,000 3,358,000 203,000 111,000 9,100 202,000 15,000 31,000 1,800 5.400 600 «6,000 25,000 221,000 13,000 722,000 32,000 17,000 1,000 253,000 22,000 i 736,000 57,000 1 388,000 5,600 M,000 5,000 1 14»,000 11,000 ! 87,000 15.000 4,200 j 1,000 li ▼•to. 17,000 4,800 800 1,400 7,500 1,600 C,600 300 10.000 8,900 20,000 7,600 5.300 1,100 16.000 15,000 1,800 4,600 6.600 11,000 13.000 9,500 700 30,000 1,200 164.000 6,800 38,000 5, 100 39,000 500 11,000 100 7.200 2,500 52,000 l,fiOO FLOUNDESS. Alabama California Connectioat... Delaware Florida Georgia Louisiana Maine Maryland Masaaclmntto Mississipiii New Jersey New Yorlc North Carolina Oregon Pennsylvania Rhods latead Sooth CarallBft. Texas Virginia Washington OBOUPER. Alabama.. Florida Fresh. Salted. Unltai Florid |.. .... .. United States. Fresh Connecticut Maine Fresh Salted Massachusetts Frash Salted New Ilampshlrs. New Jersey ... New York. United States. Fresh Maine Fresh Salted Massachusetts Fresh Salted New Hampafaira. MmrTitt. Voltod 6, 31,000 681,000 707,000 17,000 185,000 7.200 71,000 31,000 47,000 124,000 38,000 660,000 629,000 403,000 23,000 4,700 801,000 4,700 140,000 189,000 474,000 1,870,000 42,000 1,864,000 6,000 40,000 300 394,000 1,276,000 1,270.000 6.000 160,000 40,000 3,900 34,000 34,000 300 3,900 1,000 389,000 19,000 08,000 59,987,000 1,308,000 58,946,000 i,m,m 1,286,000 a,m 24,000 10,513,000 10,444,000 69,000 48,492,000 47,619,000 073,000 100,000 20,000 4H000 900 243,000 242,000 1,300 1,038,000 1,017,000 21,000 2.700 600 ^000 H340,000 464,000 n,m,m mm 4«^000 500 17,398,000 17,104,000 295,000 16.708,000 16,478,000 230,000 13,000 181,000 30,000 «,aoe 0) 168,000 164,000 4,100 294.000 289,000 4,800 100 1.000 l,«lt m M,m,m i,mm mm ■-ts 8,500 200,000 4,145,000 3,489,000 f..V.,000 1(),000 30,072,000 600 15,000 310,000 357,000 53,000 700 1,236,000 Ktntueky, FROBOCT8. Tabu ».— PRODUCTS— DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908— Continued. S7 United States. California. Maine Salted. Fresh.. Salted. New York. United SUtes. Illinois. Indiana. Fndi Salted.... Minnesota. . . . Fresh Salted Smoked... New York.... Ohio Fresh Salted Pennsy 1 vaniA. Wisconsin.... Fresh VHtad Fmh. Salted. Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina. Fresh Adted. JEWnSH. United States. Fresh.. SaltwL. Gailfomla Fndi Salted Ftorida Louisiana North Caroliaa.. Sooth C Tent.. JUEIX. UnttadStatea. Alabama. Florida... LADYHSH. United States. Fresh. Salted. Florida. Fresh Salted... i Leas than tlOQ. i" " ■ Quantity (pounds). 125,050,000 115,563,000 0,30,000 234,000 825,000 92,985,000 89, 188,000 3,563,000 234,000 38,101,000 9^812,000 8,000,000 2,m 15,000 214.000 41,118,000 25,242,000 11,051,000 3,025,000 598,000 19«,000 14,787,000 5,170,000 0,617,000 2,778,000 1,008,000 1,165,000 4,000 2,044,000 4,792,000 4,780,000 12,000 .■?,79(i,000 12,1LM,(XX) 7,04(1,000 1,157,000 3,021,000 878,000 859,000 17,000 60,000 198.000 3,500 377,000 360.000 17,000 3,100 2.800 223,000 202,000 22,000 ICl.OOO 140.000 22,000 14,000 100 1,200 700 46,000 82,000 100 0,000 846,000 229.000 117,000 1,000 346,000 in,4 Vato. 6796,000 668,000 US. 000 2,900 11,000 420,000 389,000 28,000 2,900 342,000 235,000 107,000 100 :m 1,900 21,000 989,000 AMD 8E1IB. 730,000 101,000 67,000 28,000 8,400 304,000 149,000 155,000 38,000 21,000 18,000 200 51,000 147,000 147,000 400 90,000 322,000 2.37,000 18,000 67,000 88,000 37,000 1,000 2,700 8,000 200 20,000 19,000 1,000 300 100 6^200 5,100 um, United States Illinois Mnsiaefausetts.... Ohio WisoooalB. AUollMrstalas*. 4,300 800 2,600 1,800 800 1,100 (') (') 100 1,300 900 (') 900 9.000 5,000 4,000 (') 9.000 5,000 United SUtes. Fnsh..... Connecticot Maine Fresh Salted Maryland Massachoaetts.. Fresh Salted New Jersey.... New York Rbodsr United Striw.. California Florida New York.... Rhode lalaiid. MEHBAOKM. United States. FMsh. Alabama Connecticut Delaware Florida. Maryland Massachusetts... Fresh Salted Mississippi New Jersey New York North Carolina.. United States Virginia MOOimSH (ANGEL-FISH, OB STADEnsu). United States. Florida North Carolina. . ABotiisr Stales*. mnunr. Quantity (pounds). 320.000 27,000 73,000 100,000 12. 103,000 9,870,000 2;3S8,0at 122,000 380,000 378,000 3,300 4,400 10,468,080 8,328,000 2,231,000 ^OOO 60,000 197.000 4,500 68,000 01^009 394.776,000 304,771.000 5,000 1.200 2l,63(i,000 0.815,000 2,000 13,393,000 258,000 353,000 5,000 3.149,000 12,417,000 12,762,000 87.413,000 17,00,00 18^00,00 2.200 2,200 m,ooo 5f» United Slates. FKih.. Salted.. Alabama California Delaware Fhirida. Freab Salted Georgia Louisiana Maryland Mls^ippi New Jersey New York . North rarolina.. Fresh Salted South Carolina.. Fresh Saltsd. Texas. 30,682,000 3,020,000 1,656,000 3,600 27,000 24,582,000 23,636,000 1,046.000 194.000 I.'».000 47,000 1,035.000 7,600 100 5,070.000 3,185,000 1,885,000 664,000 575.000 89.000 I 20.000 I . 2(14.000 i * Includes Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Virgioia. 33.703.000 Value. 64,500 600 1,300 i,an 848,000 086,000 s,on 81,00 81,00 900 761,000 600,000 161,000 14,00 893,000 803,00 0) 93.000- 152,000 («) 30, OW 1,40 1,30 200 3.900 43,00 32,00 70,00 900 90 0,00 4,000 1,80 908,000 786,000 122,00 33,000 .TOO 1.000 637. aw 508,000 39,00 5.4W 5,60 1,60 20,00 80 (') 176,00 94,00 80.000 19,000 Iti.OOO 3,100 90 FISH£EI£S OF TH£ UNITED STATES, 1908. tmmm^-9momKm--meajL araocAsr by mxtm Asovt semmt liw oothij. NVSKALLUNGE. United StiUw. Mfchi^ran.. M««r York. OMo MUTTOR-naa. * Less Xbaa tloH. * Tnrfawka lima, Mlnnwiota, Tennessee, and Texas. 25,000 4,000 19,000 (») 1,900 417,000 137,000 7,000 400 173,000 14,000 TOO M5.000 30,000 1,300 100 140.000 11,000 90.000 8,700 M,000 U,000 no sr.ooo 7,9^009 sn,ooo 18,000 14,000 238,000 119,000 350,000 19,000 2,378,000 17,000 144,000 360,000 1,441,000 85,000 118,000 34,000 777,000 400 190,000 478,000 2,600 100,000 2,950,000 14,000 14,000 61,000 35,000 478,000 351,000 58,000 90,000 60,000 1,118,000 14,000 305,000 12,000 317,000 31,700 (») 400 1,200 200 9,600 1,518,000 49,000 71,000 2,000 408,000 12,000 6,900 300 1,800 100 66,000 1,700 132,000 5,O0O 463,000 14,000 128,000 4,000 20,000 800 1,600 100 %flOt m lUinois Iowa Kentucky Michigan Minnesota Missouri New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin All otber states'. Connectlaak. Maine Fresh Salted Massachusetts... Fresh Salted New Hampshlw. New Jersey New York Rhode Island.... Florida.... North ( Texas Virginia All other states*. 1,700 600 12,000 7,600 22,000 1,000 73,000 1,300 5,400 14,000 54,000 3,400 5,500 MkOOO Florida.... Fresh. United States Florfda. 32,000 (') 6,600 14,000 100 U,000 174,000 1,100 1,100 3,200 3,800 32,000 11,000 1,200 9,600 3,100 70,000 1,600 11,000 1,000 23,000 Arkansas. Ulinoia Mlchigaa United States. Pfesh CaBfurnia.... Fresh Salted.... Oregon Washington.. BOUND BOBIN. FlnrMi m... UolM GuBfomla U,M7,000 14,000 38,000 8,400 1,194,000 273,000 34,000 2,001,000 8,625,000 3,956,000 88,000 16,000 28,078,000 1,384,000 25,000 8,941,000 8,477,000 464,000 20^006,000 19,086,000 920,000 6,300 84,000 133,000 266,000 608,000 11,000 18,000 20,000 14,000 5,000 133,000 35,000 36,000 336^000 107,000 15,000 6,200 57,000 12,000 16,000 2,464,000 2,319,000 2,310,000 8,800 3,000 132,000 26,000 20,000 500 .500 •Includes Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, Tennessee, and West Vli^jtata. • IneiiidM Al a hma Tnnhi a iw Migjkoi, Massachusetts, Mississippi, and PRODUCTS. M^vmtmuamsmjJL suiofABT by statbs and by sfsohs: 39 Quaottt ValM. 1,720,000 6,900 1,257,000 9,200 413,000 34,000 ^MO CUtfomia Fresh.... Salted.... Cmnecticut.. 10^379,000 39,000 9,211,000 9,173,000 39,000 100 19,000 2). 91^876,000 4,638,000 United Btatas. Oaanecticat Maiylaiid Ifasnehosetts. New Jeney New York.... Peainjil>MlB I ...... Rhode IriMd yt^gtai*.^ 6,m,000 8,414,000 SEA BASS. UBtledStatss. 95,000 300 1,136,000 1,196,000 1,294,000 11,000 406,000 06,000 6,352,000 Conneetleut. Delaware.... Florida... Oenxia Mar^^ud Massadmsetta... Mississippi New Jersey New York North Carolina. . Pennsylvania . . . RbodeblHid. 3, United StatM. FctMcy • • • Y'flriCs •••••••• • KJoaey United California Connecticut Delaware Florida....... Georgia Mahie Maryland Massachusetts Itow Jersey Hew York . North Carolina. Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Soath CaroUna Virginia. Washington. UUtadStatss. Maryland.. New York. 61,000 300 154,000 233,000 225,000 114,000 200 161,000 723,000 72,000 860,000 197,000 401,000 115,000 62,000 27,641,000 1,169,000 122,000 870,000 2,836,000 1,333,000 770,000 8,937,000 389,000 3,004,000 360,000 8,942,000 431,000 593,000 4,500 464,000 7,314,000 100,000 78,060 W 1,919 100 32,000 200 6,200 1,000 0) 3,345,000 1,700 471,000 470,000 1,700 0) 3,700 J*iS*5S2 8 1,871,000 1 30,000 89,090 290,000 8,500 (*) ^ 40,000 35,000 45,000 300 158,000 3,500 284,000 5,400 (>) 6,600 14,000 6,800 8,400 123,000 35,000 3,200 44,000 12,000 22,000 2^900 Uattad IBM Florida. Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Texas Virgliila. AIIollMratatM* fln.TBB BAKE, United California Connecticut... Maine. Massachusetts New Jersey . . . New York SKATES. 8,637,000 24,000 1,571,000 64,000 249,000 81,000 249.000 20,000 10,388,090 81,809 17«,«ll 2,113,000 12,000 18,000 68,000 320,000 190,000 42,000 247,000 12,000 229,000 27,000 373,000 8,000 38,000 400 41,000 486,000 1,900 1,600 1.4B0 ■ Less than $100. * Less than 100 pounds. * Inelndei Delaware, Maryland, New Jers^, and New Yoik. United States. 5,889,000 3,708,000 268,000 534,000 402,000 California Massachusetts New York AU other sUtes«. Unttad States. 124,000 93,000 168,000 18,000 4,8«,089 CaliCamla Conneetteat Maine. Massacfansetts. New HampsfaiR New Jersey New York .' Oregon R hode Islan d United States. 718,000 10,000 654,000 16,000 2,600 7,500 4,000 30,000 1,200 a,8n;o89 13,498,000 Alabama. Florida... Georgia So^hOl Tesm.. 2,635,000 7,719,000 880,000 13,080 2,— Florida North Carolins... Sooth CaraUnn... SPANISH MACKEREL. United States. 18,989 1.009 3,806,000 Fresh., Salted. Alabama CaUfonda IT I 111 Freui Salted Florida Fresh Salted Mississippi NewJcfsey Nortti Carolina... Texas Virginia AU other States*. 3,705,000 101,000 13,000 349,000 327,000 23,000 647,000 569,000 78,000 7, 100 7, 100 457,000 42,000 276,000 6,200 SPOT. United Stita. 1,824,000 Alabtuna. Delaware Florida Maryland Missiislppi New Jersey.. New York North Carolina a outti C arolina. Virginia................. 83,000 15,000 178,000 3,100 71,000 255,000 109,000 852,000 66,000 191,989 « BmMm Mnr taasjr, NMh 1,2» 89,989 8,119 18,989 4.300 12.000 900 14,000 5,000 4,200 1,000 700 2,100 400 174,1 65,009 2,800 300 1,500 900 800 100 mm 92,000 434,000 80,000 15,009 3I» (») 194,009 190,000 3,500 600 6,889 4,600 700 122,000 120,000 2,800 600 1,800 34,000 3,400 25,000 700 46,000 l.t.00 1,300 4,300 100 1,300 3,100 2,600 16,000 1,800 tlBHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Table 6.— PRODUCTS— DETAIL SUMMARY BY STATES AND BY SPECIES: 1908-OoiitiiKMd. AND STATE. United Stata.. OmnecUfUt.-. I>*l»w«r«....^.. Flonda FYesh SalK d 0*01 gift ..... Loui&iaiis. . ...... M«rvl«nd ltDttiSBipp\ .«.•*.. " tUtaty rYotk Pi Ufa Salted... Pennsylvania Rbode Island Sooth Xew Jersey. ....... New York NOTthCMXtliHU... Maryland. ICrfai^nn. . Minnesota. Sclmska... Kevierwy. NnrTock.. North ( Ohio Orreon rena^vlvani.i. Viipnia. Fresh... Smoked. sucKxas. Alabania . . . Illinois Inrfhin^ Quantity (poonds). 49,8fi9.000 908,000 1,337,000 180,000 2.590,000 4,864,000 4,810.000 54,000 140,000 1,108,000 1,191,000 1,971,000 517,000 11,814,000 11,151,000 4,635,000 4,820,000 14.000 12,000 2.427.000 183.000 1,055,000 3,657,000 1,776.000 6.500 53.000 9,000 8,900 2, 100 640,000 5,100 53,000 45,000 510,000 7,200 34,000 Value. 2.072.000 2,070,000 io,aao n.ooo 62.000 100.000 178.000 52.000 215,000 8,300 37.000 57.000 164.000 132.000 11.000 132,000 105.000 62.000 8.(500 114.000 16.000 183,000 185,000 112,000 110,000 %m 8.555.000 8,199.000 356,000 80,000 66.000 281.000 21,000 $1,776,000 1,774,000 *«0 10,000 42,000 6.800 29,000 196,000 194,000 2,200 12,000 82.000 47,000 58,000 28,000 342,000 451,000 206.000 206,000 600 200 72,000 8,700 46,000 314,000 135,000 800 7,300 1,000 800 400 66,000 800 7.400 7,600 36,000 800 4,700 157,000 157,( 3,300 5.000 7.000 6.500 6.800 11,000 2,400 1,000 5,000 7.100 11,000 5,000 600 13,000 16,000 6,400 700 6.800 3,700 22,000 0,000 8,100 7,700 soo I^MO 215,000 208.000 6,700 4,600 3,000 6,400 1,100 SPECIES AND STATE. Iowa Kentucky.. Maine Michigan... Fresh... Salted.. Minnesota.. Missouri New Jersey. New Y«tk.. North r Ohio Pennsylvania... Tennessee W«tVlisim»... Wisconsin ...... Fresli Salted All other states SUKF-nSH, OB VmrABOITS PXBCH. Califotato. TTntted California Connecticut Maine Massachusetts United StalH.. Connecticut . . . Delaware Massachusetts. New Jeney..., N«wYork TOXCOD. Mataa. New York All other states*. NMrT«k. TBOUT.LAKX. UaHed Fresh., Salted. Illinois Indiana Micliigan Fresh Salted Minnesota Fresh Salted New York Ohio Pennsjrlvanis.. Wisconsin. .... Fresh United SUtes. Arkansas Michigan Ohio All other states*. >Tnchides Al Dakota. Tennessee, » Includes Dakota, aad a~ " " * Less thaa 100 pomdiL Quantity 1 197,000 46,000 58,000 467,000 235,000 232,000 76,000 54,000 74,000 276,000 63.000 387,000 57,000 69,000 6,000 212,000 089,000 123,000 06,000 885,000 198,000 26,000 6U,000 2,714,000 7.800 240.000 513,000 1,642,000 3,600 308,000 095,000 119,000 55,000 170,000 112,000 81,000 280,000 49,000 117,000 97,000 26,000 12,024,000 11,671,000 353,000 150,000 130,000 6,798,000 6,508,000 290,000 215,000 188,000 27,000 20,000 («) 700 4,710,000 4,675,000 86,000 265,000 16,000 37,000 172,000 ao.000 PRODUCTS. tmm «w-mM»IIGX»-]XBXAlL SmOCABT BY SIATES AND BY SmXES: 41 ^OOBds). Valne. I AMD KTATK. Quantit; Vahw. 7,722,000 7. . sa;ooo 15,000 14,000 52,000 4,772,000 41,490,000 270,000 13,000 242,000 241,000 1,000 179,000 732,000 455,000 1,274,000 1,202,000 71,000 1,614,000 United States Alabama Florida Louisiana South f>">i''m California Connectlcilt. Florida Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts New York Oregon .* Washington ASotlMratataa* Arkansas.... Delaware Florida niinois Iowa Louisiana Maryland Mkshigaa Mississippi New Jersey. . New York. . . Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas Vbginla. '**" «. noos. Valtid ArkaasM Delaware Illinois Iowa Louisiana Maryland Minnesota Missouri North CtroUiia. Ohio Tennessee ^rginia 1 a 230,000 98,000 35,000 34,000 817,000 274,000 0.900 aa,floo 1,100 170,000 64,000 17,000 S,S72,000 366.000 150.000 2.'), 000 599; 000 242,000 36,000 660,000 00,000 217,00* 800 3,100 135,000 1.300 8,600 5,500 8,100 0,«0 4,100 9,700 8,100 SOO 3,200 700 MB a,m 259,000 27,000 1,900 25,000 2,500 38.000 1,000 66,000 67,000 5,400 4.000 5.000 3,000 M,«BB $524,000 507,000 17,000 1,300 800 5,000 339,000 323,000 15,000 1,200 11,000 11 000 100 15,000 60,000 37,000 66,000 66,000 1,100 78,000 8,600 9,400 3,400 4,000 28,000 17,000 500 4,800 1,900 18,000 14,000 3,200 000 101,000 45,000 700 18.000 5,000 1.200 8,000 5.800 1,000 16,000 1,000 700 S.000 16,000 800 5,300 4.400 11,000 4\m 10,000 7,600 SOO 700 700 37,000 42,000 *'S2 TOO 6,800 300 4,500 500 7,900 U,000 000 600 1,000 700 s,ioo CEABS, UAED. UaltedStetas. 43,612,000 Alabama. California Delaware Florida Georgia Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts. . . . Mississippi New Jersey New Yorlc North Carolina Oregon Rho>.•.....,«....,... From pubMeawaa. . From pifvaltMM. North Carolina Market From public i From private t Seed... From public areas . . From private areas. Seed, from public areas. Pennsylvania Market, from privata an Seed, from public areas. Rliode Island Market, from private areas. Seed From public areas From privaOai Sooth Carolina, n ~ FrompidMBl FrompAvato Texas Market From public areas. From private areas Seed, taini pidiliB HMS viisiiiia .vrr. Market From public i FkoBpitTatai Seed. . Froui jwlvala Wasbin^n Market, from private „ . Seed, intm private areas SCALLOPS AND SCALLOP RIMS. United States Florida Maine Massachusetts. New York Rhode] Virginia... Florida. OoiBMeticat — Massachusetts.. New Jersey.... New York Rhode] 43,624,000 40,811,000 39,718,000 1,094,000 2,812,000 1,064,000 868,000 4,900 863,000 316,000 43,000 173,000 7,473,000 7,423,000 50,000 18,105,000 0,437,000 107,000 0,330,000 11,068,000 5,402,000 6,266,000 17,244,000 11,946,000 151,000 12,795,000 4,298,000 628,000 3,070,000 5,690,000 5,275,000 5,200,000 66,000 415,000 401,000 14,000 9, 100 7,300 2,300 5,000 1,800 1,938,000 906,000 1,032,000 8,602,000 8,564,000 38,000 21,000 18,000 N^M2.000 10,331,000 610,000 3,481,000 3,428,000 3,404,000 24,000 52,000 35,525,000 25, 705,000 9,581,000 16,124,000 9,820,000 0,252,000 »8,000 1,425,000 1,321,000 104,000 2,432,000 400 1,257,000 502,000 650,000 4,003 10,003 146,( 32,228,000 2,127,000 2,041,000 86,000 101,000 218,000 203,000 900 202,000 15,000 -3,100 12,000 295,000 292,000 3,800 1,369.000 884,000 12,000 8a,oa3 485,000 236,000 248,000 2,553,000 2,173,000 18,000 2,155,000 381,000 45,000 336,000 236,000 227,000 220,000 7,300 8,800 8,500 300 4.200 4,000 800 3,200 200 170,000 134,000 42,000 969,000 967,000 2,500 1,500 1,000 137,000 129,000 8,000 168,000 167,000 166,000 1,200 600 2,348,000 1,967,000 645,000 1,322,000 381,000 357,000 3«,flOI 352,000 346,000 6,M0 317,000 130,000 1,M0 8,10,030 68,000 7,200 1,100 287,000 8,178,000 100 96,000 120,000 98,000 38,000 1,000 "■a 12,888 1,600 200 100 1,400 8,900 PRODUCTS. TiMS FftOBUOTS-imTAIL SUMMABY BY STAfES AND BY 8F1CIB8: lS06-<3eiitiMBed. 48 HUSSKL SHELLS. VMM Iowa. Kentucky... Michigan Minnesota... Missouri. OTHER SHXUB. VaMed States. FEAKLS AND SLUOS. United States Arkansas., niinoii..... Indian*.... Iowa , Kentucky. MI n n eao ta . Missouri... Ohio. ...... CalUbnda. . . Connecticut. Maine MMBThnwttii. New Jersey New York BtaodeUaod.. TERKAPIN. Alabama Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Louisiana Maryland Mississippi Missouri New Jersey North Carolina. South Carolina. Texas Viisinia Florida. lUinois.... Iowa Louisiana. Maine Norlli CuoilBa... Ohio Texas Virginia Wisconsin AUottaarstatss*. Quantit y (ponds). 81,888,000 Florida. 8,060,000 5,403,000 39,809,000 14,431,000 4,699,000 3,413,000 200,000 767,000 170,000 1,507,000 2,170,000 1,180,000 952,000 881,000 300 2,562,000 110,000 21,000 6,100 6,900 1,837,000 100,000 189,000 202,000 4,400 2,900 21,000 41,000 205,000 41,000 9,200 5,100 1,900 1,100 7,700 12,000 15,000 400 1,888,000 88,000 H,000 163,009 300,000 93,000 215,000 1,400 28,000 23,000 18,000 20,000 24,000 44,000 63,000 632,000 ■ T^^s than SIOO. > Includes Alabama, .Arkansas, Georgia, KentoAy, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jeney, and New YotIl Value. 3392,000 42,000 8,400 184,000 81,000 33,000 18,000 800 4,700 1,000 6,600 9,400 6,900 8,400 7,100 1,300 3300,000 28,000 170,000 74,000 11,000 1,900 3,700 600 400 4,200 8,400 43,000 4,400 400 0) 200 20,000 3,100 8,100 6,600 80,000 loo 1,900 9,400 21,000 13,000 21,000 4,900 1,200 100 1,000 1,800 2,400 1,600 400 40,000 1,300 2,500 11,000 8,100 1,800 7,800 600 000 700 900 1,000 500 1,000 1,700 848,000 AMD ataTB. Uattad UaMoi Florida Louisiana Soatii Carolina. United North Uidted SXDfS, Mm. Illinois Louisiana. SKINS, MCSKKAT. United SUtes. Deiawan lUinois Iowa. .......... Louisiana Maryland Michigan MinMsota Mtasonri New Jersey New York North Carolina. Ohio Virginia.. SKINS, OTTEB. United States. Florida Georgia Louisiana All other states*. -WHALEBOMa. Untted Maine Massachuaetu. United States. Fresh Maine Fresh.. Salted. uattads Maine Massaehim'tts. United States. OIL, 8|l^ n Mictb Carolina.. Vain. 8,188 •8,888 178,888 81,888 981,800 118,880 7m 48,888 11,88» '■•m- 48,888 1,000 1,808 22,008 1,900 20,000 900 40O 77,Ml 1,100 3,100 1,788 149,000 136,000 22,000 . 17,000 1,400 40,000 38.000 300 1,700 9,800 3,000 100 500 14,000 M88 24,000 14,000 800 16,000 50,000 400 1,200 12,000 2,300 C) 800 14,000 300 7,600 30,000 5,700 700 1,100 (») 21,000 3,600 4,700 300 to. 1)00 215,000 32,000 1,700 88,888 119,000 7,200 8^iP 5 88f,888 7,488 52,000 605.000 500 6,900 96,000 4,100 03,000 9.800 4,000 MO 23.000 20,000 2,800 18,888 1,000 900 100 221,000 9,S0O 83,000 138,000 3,600 5,900 29.000 3,000 8,000 21,000 1 * Includes Iowa, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Virginia, and W * Includes Arkansas, TifiiiflMWl. WMai^ M tllOwMmMi » Lees than 100 pounds. FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Tabu « — ^PRODUCTS— DETAIL SmiMARY BY STATES AND BY SfECSXa: .^PEaE-s A\I> STATE. Vataw. S3,0lt fl%iP0 S30,000 4,000 1^000 400 CalifornJa * 772,000 m »,m 26,000 on., SXAL. NorttCaraliM. niisH MUSS. United States 4,000 3,391,000 400 252,000 Maaaactaaetts 388,000 ».m t,m SEA O&ASS. 160,000 280,000 28,000 12,000 20,000 1,900 OMMMXirat mm hm Tablb 6.— PRODUCTS, BY APPARATUS OF OAPTURE AND BY STATES: 1908. nSHEBT rBODCCTS: 1908. rTK£ AND HOOP NETS. 386,000 2.286.000 1,218.000 112.000 165.000 4.000 8,600 11,370.000 284.000 625.000 1,122,000 1,758.000 709,000 52,000 2,556.000 51,000 1.766.000 2,538.000 449.000 2,951.000 231.000 1,714.000 201.000 5.300 241.000 1,159.000 72.000 1,279.000 2.448,000 81,218,000 34,000 88,000 «>,000 8,000 7,800 800 400 880,000 16,000 30,000 47,000 32,000 39,000 2,200 94,000 2,800 40,000 88,000 22,000 86,000 8,600 51.000 9,000 300 5,800 45.000 2,600 47,000 84.000 Ouerticat. IMawe ■aiDe Matt Und MaasachuiMts.. lOrh^ ou rYork. Xorth( Ohii Orepon. ....... PRm^iTania. ■I 181.224.000 I 7.536.000 85,000 1,300 18,427.000 709,000 ISO. 000 20.000 1.075.000 85.000 29.80.3.000 1,133.000 1.721.000 213.000 963,000 51.000 385.000 18,000 24.000 800 1.404.000 56,000 3.03X.000 174.000 j 14.885.000 393.000 1 13.240.000 715.000 2,991,000 50.000 4,818.000 810.000 7,412.000 aw. 000 7.733.000 37f).000 9,400.000 a3(;.ooo 22,849.000 1,070.000 235.000 7,659.000 593.000 21,000 886.000 48.000 151.000 7.000 3.489.000 205.000 16. 202.000 43K,000 5.999,000 4,400 21.000 116.000 116,000 219,000 606,000 38.000 460,000 4,200 68.000 12,000 400,000 171,000 128,000 806,000 55,000 53,000 108,000 68,000 108.000 327.000 591,000 105,000 152.000 22,000 40,000 16,000 K 700 1S3,0CS 531,000 833,000 MM8t Table 6.— PRODUCTS, BY APPARATUS OF CAPTURE AND BY STATES: 1908— Continued. 45 • or ACTABAm AMD mumu flUmiEL NETS. United Alabama. . , Arkansas. . California . . Florida.... nunoia..... Iowa. Kentucky., LooMana.. Maryland.. Minnesota. Mississippi. Tennessee. Texas WlioaiHin. United Arkansas. California. Delaware. minols.. mindls. Indiana. Louisiana , Maine Maryland Massachusetts. WasMppi.. New leraey. NewYortc.. North ( Ohio... PflUMiy 1 v&nifl . • Sooth Canriina. Texas Virginia. Wa " United States. Massachusetts. New York Rhode Island., United States nc Alabama Arkansa.s California Connectieot.... Delaware Florida , Georgia , lUinois Iowa Maine Maryland , Massachnsetta.. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Miaaoorf.. New Jmey New Yo«k...... North CanOna. Ohio Pennsylv ania. . Rhode I.sland . . Carolina. Qnanttt; Ukn8»080 2,371,080 129,000 1,9,51,000 792,000 8,100^000 1,087,000 9,600 71,000 12,000 42,000 1,839,000 1,052,000 489,000 27.5,000 79,000 281,000 33,582,000 5,000 5,739,000 160,000 754,000 197,000 35,000 12,000 404,000 2,422,000 2,853,000 6,040,000 3,100 102,000 117,000 144,000 920,000 19,000 205,000 552,000 251,000 828,000 900,000 3,752,000 2,972,000 268,000 496,000 7,079,000 (■am, iBAwi, Am mv). .Alabama Arkan.sas. . . California... Connecticut. Delaware . . . Florida Georgia nuaii^ 14,000 20,000 214,000 533,000 23,000 119,000 2,200 68,000 55,000 539,000 800 362,000 100,000 40,000 28,000 22,000 9,200 108,000 81,000 9,200 fi,000 325,000 3,900 64,000 81.000 »^m 343,960,000 3,553,000 1,061,000 8,130,000 1,100,000 20<'>, 000 12,747,000 1,810,000 1,242,000 132,000 •186,000 Enn» or AfVABAnn Am mam. 88,000 «i900 81,000 27,000 181,000 46,000 400 5,800 1,200 900 57,000 40,000 0,400 7,600 4,000 7,200 u^ooo 653,000 ! 100 121,000 11,000 25,000 9,400 1,800 900 33,000 35,000 63,000 87,000 300 2,700 10,000 9,300 57,000 1,000 12,000 25,000 7,200 29,000 12,000 too 90,000 66,000 9,400 14,000 1,100 762,000 700 1,600 132,000 43,000 2,000 6, 100 100 1,800 1,400 48,000 100 468,000 5,800 1,600 1,500 3,600 800 8,800 2,800 9,700 500 19,000 200 2,600 1,700 1,000 9,360,000 120,000 48,000 212,000 41,000 6,100 617,000 74,000 86,000 11,000 LINES (HAND, TRAWL, AND SET)— Continued. Kentncky . . . . . , Louisiana Maine .., Maryland Massachusetts.. Michigan Mtaunota. .... Misstsslppi Mis.souri .,, New Jersey.... New York...... North Caroliu. Ohio Oregon , Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island... South Caro^.. Tennessee...... Texas , Vireinia , Wa POTS AND TRAPS. United States. Alabama California Connecticiit Delaware..... Florida Georgia Illinois Iowa Loui.siana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri New Jersey,.... New York North OnaHw Ohio Or^on Pennsylvania Rhode Island— Tennessee..... Virsrinia Washincton Wisconsin j AH other atatas WHEELS Am I T'nited .'Jtates. North Carolina. Oregon Washington Unitsd States. Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut.... Delaware Florida Georgia IlUw^ Indiana Iowa Kentucky Ix)nisiana Maini' Mar\innil Massachusetts.. MichiRan Minnesota Mis.sissippi Missouri New Jersey..,. New York North Carolina. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island,, South Caroll Tennessee. . . Texas Virpinia Washington. Wisconsin.. . AUotiwci 188,000 8»8»,000 88,287,000 11,491.000 161,888,000 855,000 426,000 1,022,000 970,000 8,382,000 7,752,000 .574,000 118.000 64,000 070,000 1,828,000 1,388,000 540,000 2,712,000 15,106,000 35,013,000 1,133,000 23,970,000 2,580,000 107,080 6,100 2,270,000 137,000 712,000 89,000 37,000 196,000 522,000 47,000 5,700 4,100 32,000 21,000 1,500 1,200 142,000 10,371,000 100,000 1,291,000 219,000 ^180^000 60,000 325,000 300 400 5,700 2,800 138,000 11,000 10,000 15,000 302,000 34,000 915,000 95,000 244,000 6,500 ' 4,500 4,500 MO, 000 20,000 61,000 5.400 1,670,000 163,000 1,700 200 48,000 2,500 2,179,000 51,000 840,000 15,000 mm 1,958,000 123,000 1,365,000 481,000 886,990.000 18,772.000 4.132,ai0 173.000 8,060,000 70.000 729.000 ".37,000 33, 189.000 2,t>l4.O0O 2.441.000 170.000 7.8n6.0(X) :!!M,0(K) 10.257,000 348.000 88.808.000 .t5.5.000 14.431,000 155,000 4.080.000 44,000 3.413.000 20.000 25..'<.'5.?,ono 7(3.000 6. SIO.OOO :!47.00O 50.2.50.000 2. .393. 000 5,363.000 741.000 200.000 80O 748.000 8.300 7,473.000 205.000 170.000 1.600 21.049.000 1,7(«,3,000 124,000 3,930,000 52,000 22.000 40,000 46,000 .332,000 442,000 21,000 7,700 2,280 49,000 55,000 59,000 32,000 101,000 190,000 1,868,000 92,000 u,m 100 (100 1.900 72,000 26.000 u mmmm of th£ UNiira) states, im. ruam «.-nKH>I7€fB, BY AFPARATTO 07 OAnUBB AKD BT SKAXEB: im CVw tinned, Vmlne. • Valiie. •01,000 lOiUHKita. 86,000 47,000 70,000 400 530,000 3,400 280,000 14,000 20,000 1,617,000 389,000 31,000 •?:» 9,900 lOO 14,000 600 39,000 2,301 2,100 97,000 34,000 2.809 n,m 1, MS, 000 80,000 8,400,000 1,145,000 25,000 att,aoo 11,000 S^8S ooo i;ioo 33,000 9,600 3,600 005,000 0,800 30,000 400 Mtanoii New York Texaa. f CHAPTER YL FBODUCTS OF THE P&INCIFAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. Nearly seven-eighths of the value of fishery products of the United States in 1006 was lefMrnHitted bj 90 kinds of products. Detailed statistics for these dasses, and also for a few of the minor products of graeral interest, are presented in this chapter. The products here considered are the following; /X. /V Bluefish.^ ^ Buffalo fish. Oup. Herring. Lake herring. Lake trout. Salmon. Shad. Shrimp and prawn. Lobster, epiny. Mackerel. Ood. '«> Grabs. •-^ Fknmden. Haddock. Hake. Bali^nt. Muflsels. Oysters. Pike perdbM. Polkck. Snappers. *^ ** Sponges. ^ _ ^ Sqneteegne. ^ Sturgeons. Whale products. Whitioflrfi, wiis). — ^These two species of fish are generally known indiscriminately as alewives, and are found in waters adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. P. pseudoharengus is never found south of the Neuse River, in North Carolina. It is known along the Potomac as "branch herring," on Albemarie Sound as the " big-eyed hnring" and the "walUyedhennns/' inNewEr^gUuBd on the Connecticut River as ''efiwife" and "eOwhop." It appears in the rivers three or four weeks earUer than the "glut herring" and the shad. P. sestivalis is found from the Carolinas to the coast of Maine. It is known in Chesapeake Bay and Albemarle Sound as "glut herring," in the Ogeechee River as " English her- ring/' in theSt. Johns RiTeras ''herring/' and inlfassa- diuaetts and during the later runs in the Rappahannock as the "blueback." It is also known as "blackbdly/' "sawbelly," and "kyack." This species is less abun- dant and much less valuable as a food fish than P. psevdoharengus. Both species average about a half pound in weight and from 8 to 10 inches in length. Thejaieeax^t inBeto,8eines,w«hni,ete., and besides being of great importance as food fish, are also used for bait. The name "alewife" is applied to the meor haden in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. The value of the alewife catch in 1908 was $589,000, and constituted 1 per cent of the total value of the fishery products of the United States. Over three- fourths of th» amount repieocnted the rtixie of fish disposed of besh and 22 per eent the Tafaie of those which were salted, while the remainder waa the Taloa WATER, 1906. In the fall of 1879 a systematic distribution of young carp was b^un, which was continued up to Dmaag tinft tOM iMuly eyerj steto m tiM IM to eidtivsto 1Mb firil, and tiM attempt met with sueeeas in manj stotes. The purpose of the Fish Commission, more especially, was to dis- tribute this fish, which was believed to be a good food fish and which was hardy, easily and cheaply raised, and of great fecundity, in sectiBe(% and wifea. Oa^iAe* (SUwridmy.—Tbib American species indude the sea catfishes of the Atlantic coast, the channel cats of all the rivers east of the Rocky Mountains, the homed pout, which is widely distributed through the brooks and ponds of the states, and the diminutive mad-toms. The different varieties are distinguished by (he common names off "channd cat/' "Uue cat," "Mississippi cat,'' ''mod cat/' "flaunel-month/' "homed pout," "bnllhead/' "minister," "goujon," "bashaw," "gaflf-topsail," etc. They vary in length from 1 to 5 feet and in weight from 2 to 150 pounds, are caught by means of nets, traps, hand lines, and by jugging, and are used extensively for food. The Tahie d the catdi in 1908 was $785,000, or move than 1 per cnt of the total value off the fishery products. Catfish are taken in all waters of the United States, but in 1908 nearly one-half of the total product came from the Mississippi River and its trib- utaries. In these waters catfish ranked third in value among fishery products, contributing 13 per cent of their, total value. Of the 38 states included in the canyaas off 1908, all, with the exoeptaon of ffoor ct the New Kngjand states, verted this fiah. The eatehes reported from Louisiana and T1K««^« greatly exceeded those from any of the other states, in both quantity and value, but the product was otherwise distributed with unusual equality. The weight and value of the catfish taken in the leading states and the per cent distribution off the value are given in the following tabular statenunt: ^ ... Pooidi. Ptrosnt dlstil- bation. Per cent distri- bution. Illinois 17,817,000 100 $785,000 100 4,405,000 2,044,000 1,069,000 1,481,000 1,166,000 418.000 895,000 738,000 5,008,060 25 11 6 8 7 2 5 4 143,000 06,000 (6,000 M,000 51,000 33.000 33,000 31,000 m,m 18 12 7 7 « 4 4 4 » Flortds AUMHralataii ifBdiidai 98 Stain. With the exception off the period 1889-1894, the product in 1906 was laiger tfaim that ot any other year for whidi statislies are available, as diown by the following comparative statmnent giving the quaatity and value for 1 908 and jj^revious c&mn noBOR. liai Qnutlty (poonds). Value. Qnantitv (pounds). Value. Quantitv (pooBda). Value. 1 Vahn. GuU ot Mexico divirfon 17,n7,O0O fm,ooo 12,120,000 ani,ooo 14,Ni,0n ISM, 000 22,673,000 <7«7,O0O X, 073. 000 3,984,000 3,528,000 1,270,000 063,000 395,000 143,000 132.000 65,000 50,000 6. 192,000 2,415,000 2,838,000 923,000 752,000 277,000 73,000 95.000 27,000 28,000 7,648,000 2,449,000 2,047,000 { 626,000 2,183,000 340,000 58.000 71,000 16,000 60,000 14,727,000 2,850.000 3,166,000 533.000 60.000 113,000 'km The value of the product of the Mississippi River and its tributaries constituted more than 50 per cent of the value of the total catch of this fish in 1908, and tite product of the Gulf of Mexico ranked next, with a value equal to 18 per cent of the total. The Atlantic coast and the Pacific coast divisions contributed, respectively, 17 per cent and 8 per cent of the total vidue, while the catch of the Great Lakes division represented only 6 per cent. The following tabular statement preoente the ata- tistics of the oateh, by ih» leading t^paiatua of evp- ture; xnn> or AnAmktva. Quantity. ValM. Pounds. Per cent dtotribu- 1 Amount. I'er cent diagibu- m 100 7,012,000 4,445,000 3,795,000 1,505,000 653,000 163,000 215,000 m,m 39 25 21 8 4 1 1 o 290,000 219,000 151,000 69,000 32,000 12,000 11,000 1.100 37 28 U • 4 1 1 (') FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. dtmu. — ^Tliis tenn t aclndM the hard clam, quahaug, m lovnd dam {Vemu mertmana); soft or long clam {Mija armaria); razor clam, or razor fish (Ensis americana); surf, sea, or hen clam (Sjpisula ioLiiiasima); and Tarious other species, dams axe biTahrv midhnlBi largely used for food and are fwd («m afl owr co aa la . YaiioiiB speeiea, of which are edible, are knowA as *'soft clam," "long clam," "butterfish," "mananose," "namii- nose," "squirt clam," "quahaug," "hard clam," "surf clam," "sea clam," "hen clam," "beach clam," "dipper," "skimmer," "painted clam," "cuneata clam," "round clam," "Kttlenack dam," "gapers," elHi^" "nwr dam/' "fuor firii," kBifia-haadlB," and "IndlDow." For tiio pmposes of of the census, howeror, all species an da—ifiad aa oither hard, soft, razor, or surf clams. Tlie clam product of the United States in 1908 ranked sixth in value, amoimting to 1,900,000 bushels, Tahiod at $1,917,000. IVlifla the quantity of tiio liard- Ml THlrty M Bttb^oaadad thai of tbe aolt-didl^ tho Tmhie of the foimar was nearly two and one-half times that of the latter. The statistics of the clam product reported, by class of product, are gLven in the following tabular statement: «< United Stetes.. Hwd4 Softclama... Razor clams. Surf etama... Virginia New Jeney..... New York Maine North Carolina. Rhode Island... Connecticut..... Maryland. Florida. CLAM raoDOcr: UOft. BtMheb. 1 ,900,000 978,000 885,000 26,000 33,000 246,000 »4,000 306,000 188,000 506,000 91,000 48,000 17,000 10,000 10,000 Per cent distrlbu- Value. Amount. 100 "n 46 1 2 13 18 16 10 27 6 3 1 1 2 • 1 $1,917,000 1,317,000 653,000 25,000 21,000 380,000^ 378, 000^ 336,000 292,000 251,000^ 82,000 77,000- 26,000-4* 16,000 15,000 Per cent distribu- 100 69 29 1 1 20 ao 18 15 13 4 4 1 1 1 a 1 > Includes Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, and South CwoUiul Hard clams were reported from all the Pacific coast states, from Fkuida and Louisiana on the Qulf of Meadco, and from all the Atlantic coast states except Maine and New Hampshire. The entire soft-clam product, with the exception of 1 per cent of the total, taken in California and Oregon, was from the North At- lantic coast, none being reported south of New Jersey. CLAM pboouct: 1908. TotiL Hwd clan Ml. Boltidsma. Rasor ciama. Smf dm. Value. Quantity (buabdB). Value. Quantity (bodieli). Value. Quantity (bushels). Value. Quantity (bushels). Value. «.M7,M» «76,00O 91,317.000 865,000 SS53.000 26,000 025,000 .^.'..OOO S21.000 SM,«0 188, on SOTi.OOO 91.000 48,000 17,000 10,000 30,000 109,000 16,000 380,000 378,000 W,000 sn,ooo 251.000 82,000 77.000 26,000 16,000 15,000 46,000 17,000 j 246,000 140,000 273,000 101,000 380,000 189,000 318,000 223,000 192,000 90,000 60,000 506,000 186,000 U,000 M,000 251,000 2,400 3,600 13.000 31,000 7,000 u,m SrttiL:::.:..:..........: North l arolina Rhode Island Coooecticat.... 91,000 20,000 13,000 10.000 30,000 36,000 16,000 82.000 39.000 20,000 16.000 15.000 17,000 17,000 28,000 4,200 38,000 5,500 iSalr:^:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 50,000 7,aoo 31,000 a,eo6 reported from Wadungton and Massachusetts, and surf chuns from Neir York and New Jersey. Tlie statistics of the clam product, by states and varieties, are given in the above tabular statement, in which the states are ranked according to the value of their catch. U is Bo4 pnsdbis to compare the statirtics for the wtth those for pieivioua. years, ; to the fact that at the earlier canyassas in many no distinction of varieties was made. A iparison of the figures for the total clam product, iKmerer, shows a sUght decrease in quantity since 1880, accompanied by an increase in value. The statistics for the Taiious canvasses are as fdlows: • TKAB. CLAM n Quantity (budwlt). M»O0I. ValM. 1,900,000 2,126,000 3,368,000 3,tM.00O St, 917,000 1,820.000 1,730,000 The entire clam product was taken with tongs^ dredges, and similar apparatus. Cod {Gadus callarias). — The cod is caught most ex- tensively along the coast of the Middle states, New England, and British America, and is not taktti in the Atlantic Ocean south of New Jersey. Itismostplei^ PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL WWBSaSW W JMTASL. ful on the Grand Banks and off the coasts of New- foundland and New England. The weight varies from 3 to 75 pounds. The Alaska cod ((?. nuurocephalus) is found in the Pacific Ocean from Bering Sea to Oregon. Of the fishery products of the United States in 1908, cod ranked third in value, the total product amounting to 109,453,000 pounds, valued at $2,903,000. The Atlantic coasjb states furnished 93 per cent of this amount and the Pacific coast states the remaining 7 per cent. In the statement at top of next column is presented the per cent distribution by states of the quantity and the value of the cod product in 1908. On account of the length of the trips made by vessels in the Pacific coast fisheries, often extending over a period of several months, the fish taken are salted on the vessels. In 1908 the Pacific coast catch was 7,946,000 pounds, vahied at $218,000. Masssr chusetts and Mbine furnished the entire amount of 4Mlted cod from the Atlantic coast. The amount salted in these tw» states is decreasing from year to year, while the amount marketed in a fresh condition is increasing. The total amount of salted cod wa3 30,245,000 pounds, valued at $950,000, or 27 per cent of the total quantity and 33 per cmi of the total value of the United States cod product. DIVISION, STATE, AND CONDITIOH OF PSODCCT. Ualtad Atlantic poast division. Massachusetts FnOk Salted Maine , Fresh , Salted New Jersey New York Rhode laiaod. Conneetleat New Hampdiln.... Pennsylvanis Delaware Pacific coast division ». Washim^n. PER CKHT DnrrRIBC- nOV OP COD PBOO- vcr. 1100. Quantity (paoadt). n 00 48 18 18 M 2 3 3 1 1 Value. 07 45 22 U 13 » 4 S 1 1 S 4 S Fresh cod firom the Atlantic coast fisheries repre- sented 72 per cent of the total quantity and 67 per cent of the total value of the catch. Massachusetts and Maine together furnished. over four-fifths of the total cod product. The comparative statistics of the cod product for 1888, 1902-1904, and 1908 are given in the following tabular statement: CONDITION OP PmODUCT AND OOO PMWVCT. 1M8 IMS-MM UBB Quantity. Value. Quantity. Valoftl QonUty. Vataa. Founds. Per cent Amount. Per cent distribo- ttoo. Pounds. Per cent distribu- tion. Amount. Percent diatrtbo- Founds. Per cent diatribu- Amount. Per cent duUibO' 110,054,000 100 $2,914,000 100 98,383,000 100 S2, 490, 000 lit, 00.000 100 03,100.000 100 riwh> adted ▲ttaatieeeeet. 79,808,000 30,245,000 22,209,000 7,001^010 73 27 20 7 1,964,000 950,000 732,000 ai»iOO 67 33 25 • 55,338,000 43,045,000 35,350,000 56 44 M • i,m,ooo i.isr.ooo 963,000 1M.O0O S4 46 39 • 19, 017,000 81,028,000 80,788,000 mm 30 68 68 m 801,000 2,225,000 2,214,000 u«ooo m 72 71 I An limn tbe AflantioeoMt. A comparison of the totals for 1908 with thc:;8 for 1902-1904 shows that there has been an increase, but that the yield reported at the last canvass was not equal to tiiat of 1888. l^ire was a heavy increase m the amount brought into marlcet fresh and a corre- sponding decrease in the amount salted. The figures for Washington show an increase since the last canvass and those for Cahfomia a decrease, while the result was an increase for the Pacific coast division as a whole. The cod taken by the Connecticut and Dela- ware &heries fng all the coasts of the United States. The differ- «i Bpodm vary mnA in mm, habit, and me, and are bj tiM adieeliTVB "htm," "fiddler/' hermit," "jonah," "kelp," "lady," "mud," "oyster," "red," "rock," "sand," "sea," "soldier," "spider," "stone," etc. The common edible crab has names applied by the catchers, de- scribing the different conditions of the shell. While ■hedding they an koowii m "comer," "baiter," •*p nd "ihtddg;" irfule growing a neir AiOL, m "soft-Aai," "paper-sheU," and "buckler." Crabs are used for food, bait, and fertiUzer. Bang crabs are sold for the latter purpose and the product is known as "cancerine." Although for the purposes of this report crabs are aiMid iiio mfy *f tUmm, a Mmbcr ol mieties taioni, naoat of iHuch are indoded udv "liard "aoll cfaiia." The moat in^ortant spades AM CM pmuKt m wKm oitiuub ww nina. included under these heads are the blue crab of the Atlantic coast and the Pacific coast crabs. The terms "hard" and "aelt" are ajfpfied to cnba to designate tlia eon^tkm of tlio ahidl raHier than to differentiate species. The common blue crab of the Atlantic coast sheds its shell several times annually, and since commercially only two stages are recognized, it may be classed as either "hard" or "soft." No soft crabs were reported from the Pacific coast. In addition to the httd and soft Tarietiea,. thoae shown separately bwa are the "king etab," "apidflr erab," and "stone crab." The crab product in 1908, comprising hard, soft, king, spider, and stone crabs, aggregated 60,626,000 pounds, and had a value of $938,000. The following tabular statement shows the distribution of the quan- tity and the Tafaie of the hard and aoft crab product, as nported for 190&, for gnwpB of atatea: TMaL Softcniik Quantity. Vaaie. • Qnaotitv Percent distribu- tion. Amount. ll» Includes 7,643,000 pounds of king crabs, valued at 823,000; 62,000 pooads of ftooe crabs, valoed at 13,700; and 7,200 pounds of spider crabs. "■ " ■ * Less than 1 per cent. * IncliMfan 02,000 pounds of stone crabs, valued at 83,700. * Includes 4,607,000 pounds of king crabs, valued at 818,000. • Inolades ^l^*"" po.000 1. (MS. 000 820.000 ISo.OOO 20,000 19 17 16 13 16 9 7 4 1 138,000 91,000 89,000 75,000 68,000 64,000 43,000 20,000 8,800 400 23 IS IS 13 13 • T 8 1 Haddodc {Melanogrammus seglifiniLs). — The haddock is a food flah found in the Atlantic Ocean north ci the Delaware ciqpee; it is called "didde" in some locatitiea. The average weight is from 4 to 6 pounds. It is exten- sively used as a fresh food fish, and is also salted, pickled, and dried. When slack-salted and smoked it is sold under the name of "haddie." The catch in 1908, valued at SI, 308,000, represented 2 per cent d the total Talue of the fisheiy producta of the United States and 4 per cent of the value of the food fish. In the product from the Atlantic coast this fish ranked seventh with respect to value, and repre- sented 4 per cent of the total value. The catch was sold fresh, with the exception of 1,042,000 pounds, valued at $22,000, which were salted. The fint tabular statement following gives the s t atis ti c e off the weight and value of the haddock catch, by states. The value of the catch of haddock in 1908 exceeded that of any year for which statistics are available, but the quantity was less than in 1904-5. Comparative figures are given in the second tabular statement {^lowing for 1906 and eailier yean. FRODIKTIB OF Tm FBOK^AL WIB MtBOOOL nuMWt: ItM. Quantity. Value. Fereeat i Amount. Percent distribu- tion. UaMtdSMM 60,987,000 100 SI. 308,000 100 48.492,000 10,513,000 424,000 415.000 100.000 24.000 20,000 81 18 1 ' 1 ; 0) (') (») 1,038,000 243,000 12.000 11.000 2.700 900 COO 79 M 1 1 (') 0) (') iLmtlMaiperoMrt. HADDOCK 1 Quantity (pounds). FBODUCT. Valoe. flB,987,000 77,065.000 45,007.000 41,639,000 41,887,000 $1,308,000 1,259.000 584,000 743,000 802,000 The catch was practically all taken with lines, only about 2 per cent being taken with seines and 1 per cent with pound nets, trap nets, and gill nets. Hake ( Vroph^eU). — The species included und«r this head are not true hakes, but comprise different varie- ties of food fish found off the Atlantic coast from New- foundland to Cape Hatteras, which are variously known as "old English hake," "squirrel hake," "wliite hake," "ling," "king hake," "codling," etc. They are often prepared under the trade name of "boneless fidi." The average length is from 1| to 2 feet and the average weight from 3 to 8 pounds. The value of the hake catch in 1908 was $464,000. All the product reported was sold fresh except 525,000 pounds, valued at $8,900, which were salted. The hake was taken only in the fisheries of the North At- lantic states, and practically the entire product was from Massachusetts and Maine, as shown in the fol- lowing tabular statement: KAS£ prodvct: lOOS. n iti Valm. FtaDds. Per cent distribu- tion. AmooBlt Percent dMribn- ttao. UiriM 84,840,000 100 8484,000 100 16,706,000 17,^,000 49 51 1 294,000 168,000 2,700 63 36 1 » iMlBilM Kwr Iwy. Nwr Ywfc, Hwr HwpWw. OwnMNImif , mi Bfctdi Except for the greater proximity of the Massachu- setts fidieries to the markets, no reason is apparent m DirrAiL. m for the fact that the average value of the Massachu- setts catch was so much greater than that of the Maine carfwh. That the value off the hake pradnet has increased substantially during recent years is indicated by the following tabular statement. <;iving statistics for years for which returns are available: -mm. MAKE rBODOCC ■ Quantitar Cpoonds). Vafan. 34.340,000 35.929,000 37.278.000 14,816,000 80,657,000 Durins: tlie earlier vears for which statistics are given, large quantities were salted; in 1898 several miUion pounds were salted, but in 1908 practically the entire product was sold tieah. The catdi was taken. |windpally with lines, the capture with other apparatus not aToaeding 2 per cent of the total. Hake sounds used in the manufacture of isinglass have been included in the statistics of sounds, which are given on page 43. HcMbut {Hippoglossus Jiippoglosmu). — The halibut, the largest and most valuable of the flat fishes, is found in the North Atlantic and Facl&c Oceans. It is one of the largest species used for food, sometimes weighing over 300 pounds, but the average weight is from 50 to 75 pounds. There are three grades of hahbut. The "white," which has its underside immaculate, b consndored beet and brings the hig^iest price; tiie "gray" is Uotcfaed ,000 m,m m,m,m 97 764,000 90 92,985,000 89, 188,000 3,563,000 234,000 28,501,000 22,812,000 5,690,000 2,600 214,000 8,317,000 74 71 3 ^'^23 18 5 (') (') S 420,000 389,000 28,000 2,900 342,000 235,000 107,000 100 1,900 93,000 S3 49 4 (') 43 30 IS 4 825,000 15,000 11,000 aoo n,m 1 Less than 1 per cent. The following tabular statement shows the quantitjf aiid vahie of the h<^rrit^ catch in specified years: FBODOGTs m am mme^AL wm m DirrAiL. ValiM. 125,080,000 85,367,000 66,668,000 60,120,000 1796,000 712,000 618,000 420,000 A large number of yeasels engage in the winter herring fishery off the west coast of Newfoundland. The greater part of the catch was taken with pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. The distribution of the product by apparatus of capture was as follows: QiUBtity. ValiM. Fwinds. Paroant dlalribu- Xmoant. Ptreaot dittribu- ttoo. 125,050,000 100 1796,000 100 Pound nali, tnv Mti, and iraln. .. . 72,808,000 33,988,000 11,302,000 6,802,000 58 27 9 6 336,000 198,000 218,000 45,000 42 25 V t Lake herring (Leudeki^ye), — The ciscoes, or lake herrings, are members of the whitefish family found in the Great Lakes and neighboring waters. There are various species popularly known as herring, with or without qualifying names, the common form (L. artedi) being most important. Lake herring has alwaj'^s been the leading species from the Great Lakes, and in 1908 the value of the catch was $989,000, or 26 per eeak of tho total Tahw of the fiihirj prodiicts of thk diTMon. Of the total value of the United States product it contributed 2 per cent, and of the value of fish proper 3 per cent. Considerably over one-half of the entire catch was made in Lake Michigan, where this fish represented over one-half of the weight and one-third of the value of the total product. The following tafaoiar statement gtwm the tpuatity and Tahie of th» ea*di^ dirtrilMtod hjiiiUQggRN^^ — 1 Per cent . distribu- tion. Perceot distribo* tioo. Lake Huron Lake Ontario and tributary rivers. . 41,118,000 100 1 1080.000 M 21.059,000 10,600,000 5,361,000 4,064,000 35,000 51 26 13 10 (') • 551,000 286,000 78,000 72,000 1,700 , ' « » S 7 Nearly five-eig^iths of the quantity of the product was reported as marketed fresh, the remainder being salted or smoked. The following tabular statement gives the statistics of the catch according to the con- dition in which it was marketed, the states being ranked according to the yahie of thmr cat<&: Total. > Fresh. Salted. QnaBltty. VidM. Vataa. ▼alaa. PM^CMjt Ifkdilgan 41,118,000 100 3989,000 100 25,242,000 3730,000 11,951.000 S191.000 12,124,000 14,787,000 4.792,000 3,796,000 2,044,000 2,778,000 698,000 ttt,m 29 36 12 9 5 7 1 (») 322,000 304,000 147,000 90,000 51,000 38,000 28,000 t,m 33 31 IS 9 5 4 3 1 7,046,000 5,170,000 4,780,000 3,796,000 2,044.000 l,t)08,000 506,000 237,000 149,000 147,000 90,000 51,000 21,000 28,000 1,157,000 9,617,000 12,000 18,000 156,000 1,165,000 pounds of smoked attsoo. 1 percent. vaiaad at 967,000, dbtilbated as fDllowa: Winoiisin, 3,921,000 pounds, valued at 967,000, and Every state bordering on the Great Lakes shared in the catch, but Wisconsin and Michigan took far greater quantities than any others, the Michigan catch behig the largest and the Wisconsin catdi of the greatest value. The higher value of the Wisconsin pradnct was due to the fact that mora than one-half was sold fresh, while only about one-third of the Michigan product was so marketed. The bulk of the salted herring was fnnn Ifidiigan, and neariy aU the smoked i»odnct was fnm Wlsecmain. Comparative figures for certain years ara ipvm m the foltowiflg tabular statement: m JlSaSESBIES of the united states, 1908. LAKE-HEBRINQ nODOCT. (poands). 41,118.000 32, 157.000 59,914,000 35,741,000 63,661,000 25.860.000 16,966,000 S989.000 815,000 941.000 536.000 717,000 (•) (') at:::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::- 'KotrqMTtcd. Althoi^ the Takie of the product was greater in 190S than in any previous year, the quantity of the catch of that year was exceeded in 1889 and 1899. Besides the herring salted and smoked by the Umiiiimiii, a considerable quantity was canned by MtehfiiiaMHte leeiied mMj in Wisecmni and lfirlij|,in The total output of lake hening from neh factories in 1908 was valued at $480,000, and was distributed as follows: Smoked, $426,000; salted, $16,000: pickled, $4,600; and frozen, $33,000. The largest part of the catch, 73 per cent, was made with ffSk nets, 27 per cent was taken with pound and tnip Mte, and hm than 1 per cent with oiher appa- KtUS. Lake innU. — ^The common lake trout iCristivomer namar/rfish) is found in the Great Lakes and in the smaller lakes of the Northern states. In different localities these fish vary greatly in color, size, and shape, and an known by the fecal names "salmon tM^" <*MUBaj««b," 'Hogm,'' "tnkdi/' "Ifaddnaw tn>ut," "lafcs sshnon," "black trout," "reef trout," "longe," etc. The "siscowet" (C. siscowet) is another species of lake tnNit. it is found principally in Lake Superior. The lake troutWMIcaught only in the Great Lakes, and Urn ytSae reported for this qtecies in 1906 was $800,000, «r 21 par esnt ef ths total yahie of the jMredncts ttom these waters. Of the total value of the United States fishery products this fish contributed somewhat more than 1 per cent, and of that of fish proper nearly 3 per cent. It was taken by the fisheries of every state bordering the Great Lakes, but 53 per cent of the total ^nlns of the prodnet was npotted by the fiaheries of MU%Bn and 43 per eoil by those ^ IHsoonsm. la both Ifidqgsn and Wiscomain lake trout ranked first in vahie among the fishery products, contributing 29 per cent of the total value of the catch in the former state and 32 per cent in the latter. The following tabular statement gives the statistics of the catch, by Qaaatity. Value. Poands. Percent Amoant. uiSiisium... nitiMte i2,oes«,ooo 100 1800,000 100 6.798.000 4,710,000 160,000 a6,ooo n,vM 57 39 1 3 1 i*> 424,000 340,000 13,000 13,000 53 43 2 3 1 P) AlaOHr'Mai > Includes New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. l Less than 1 per cent. Next to lake herring, lake trout was the most valu- able species taken in the Great Lakes. Of the total value reported for this species, $546,000 was reported from Lske Ifidiigan, this amount con- stitothig 35 per cent of the total Tains of ths ptoioets of this lake, and being exceeded • The lobster product was essentially a New England product, the catdh of the Middle Atlantic states i^, and was nearly 70 per cent greater %h»n the wei^ of the fishery product moA in rank. In value, however, this fish ranked four te e nth , con- tributing $893,000 in 1908, or only 2 per cent of the value of all fishery products. The catch, by states, is given in the following tabular statement, in which the states are ranked according to the value of their respective products: MENHADEN PRODOCT: 1908. Quantity. Vakw. Poundt. Percent diatrUxi- tkm. Amoont. Percent dMribo- United States 394,770,000 100 1 8893,000 100 190,069,000 60,815,000 28,630,000 S7, 412, 000 17,942,000 12,417,000 12,298,000 13. 70S. 000 8,411,000 48. 15 7 15 5 3 8 8 1 429,000 162.000 08,000 70,000 48,000 43,000 80^880 aa,«oo 8,8M 48 17 10 8 5 6 8 t 1 In 1908 menhaden fishing was pursued along the Atlantic coast from Massadiusette to N<»th OaroGna, and a anafl quantity of the fish waa also taken in the Gkdf <^ Mexico off the coast of Florida. The meidiar dm. is very irr^ular in its movements. Some years it goes as far north as Nova Scotia, and several men- haden factories are situated in Maine reatly to be operated when the fish appear on that coast. In 1908 these factories were not operated. In 1900 tliis fish was found along the coast of Texas, but none was taken in thai looality m 1908. Menhaden sfiptomA the coast waters upon the advent of warm weather 4 and remain until the watw cools. They are seen as 3 OF THE UNITBD STATES, im. early as March in Chesapeake Bay, but not until much later in the more northern waters. They usually leave the colder waters of the North early in September, but m found arotmd Cape Haitctas as late as January. U is impoesihle to gire ihofoqisUy oom|>arable data iwlanMryBars for the United States as a whole, but CNin|MMlte statistics are given in the following tabular statement foe Um jMia 1880, 1889-1891, 1901-2, and 1908: Vakw. 531,280.000 448,573,000 S8e3,O0O 1,075,000 i,oeo,ooo 0) This fishefy appean to haTe ben less fwefiUble in 1MB IImui in former yean. Ptane and haul seines were the principal forms of apparatus of capture used in this fishery, these two alone talcing 94 per cent of the total quantity in 1008. Pountl nets, trap nets, and gill nets took 6 psr cent of ike product, ndiile all other apparatus eoaitribiited less 1 per eml. Tkt foBowii^ iabular stcUBMnt ef Hkm pfochiel by ti^ppmaii.VB of mvtD or AFTAftjaei. MEHHADEir FBOOUCT: 190& Percent tkm. Percent dMbu- tk». 3W. 7TC, 000 100 SS93.000 100 371.030.000 21.138,000 1,983.000 13,000 04 5 1 0) 822,000 «7,000 3,300 700 92 8 8 {MuffU cephahu mud M. ciirema).--Two spe- mm of mullet, known as tbe striped suDet and the white mullet, ^ure among the fishery products of the United States. The striped mullet is found on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Florida and on the coast of southern California, ascending streams; and the white mullet, on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod southward. Local names are ' 'bfai^sh mummichog/' "iHiiiift midfei," ''sand mullet," "fat-back/' "sil- ^mullet," "big-eyed mullet," "blue-back mullet," "Liza," and "Josea." M. cephalus is the most important food fish of the South, and greatly surpasses J/, curema both in numbers and in economic impor- tance. It averages about 1 foot in length and 1 pound in wei^t, but sometimes reaches a weif^t of from 4 to 5 pooidB and m kmgti^ of 2 feet. It is cso^t in fB Bets» cast nsts, ponad oeti, etc., and is sold fresh and salted; the roe is also very valuable food, and is sold fresh, salted, smoked, and dried. Mullet in 1908 ranked thirteenth in yahie among the fishery products of the United States. Its Tshie, including tiiat of roe, was $908,000, tcmamg 2 per cent of the value of the entire fishery product and 3 per cent of the value of the fish product proper. In the Gulf of Mexico fisheries, from which over half of the total was obtained, it ranked fourth in value and repre- sented 11 per cent of the total Tslue of products reported lor these fisheries. Hie foHowing tabnUur statniMBit gtwBB the mullet catch by states, which ate aiTBi^^ aeooidiiig to the value of their product: IIOIXET pboduct: 1906. •t&XB. Peromt Awwmpt Percent United States 33,703,000 100 $908,000 100 24,582,000 5,070,000 1,656,000 1,035,000 604.000 264,000 133.000 194,000 fir,oo» m,m 73 15 5 3 2 1 1!! 637,000 175,000 33.000 20.000 19,000 9.400 5.600 5,400 1,600 a,Mo 7» 19 4 2 2 1 1 8 * Harold. 1 Le»thanl * cent. r, CUMmte, and Nmt TariL Florida, in which state mullet was the Issdiiig prod- uct, furnished the bulk of the catch. The mullet reported as salted amounted to 3,020,000 pounds, with a value of §122,000, of which 1,885,000 pounds, valued at $80,000, were from North Carolina; 1,046,000 pounds, valued at $39,000, from Florida; and 89,000 pounds, valued at $3,100, fkom South Carolina. The balance was marketed fresh. In- cluded with this salted mullet are 135/)00 pounds of salted roe, valued at $15,000. The value of the total mullet product in 1908 was greater than that for any previous year, although the quantity was exceeded in 1902-1904. The foOowing tabular statement gives the yieid for thsM jmn for whiA statislics am svaaaUe: mnuT rsospci. Quantity (pounds). VakM. 33,703.000 41.882.000 21.425,000 "21,258,000 10,185,000 $908,000 TIG. 000 333.000 392,000 243,000 waa The quantity and value of the s^ted mnDetrfoe product for certain years an gim In the foUsfiring PBODUOTS OF THE PEINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. VahM. nil 915,000 6,300 13,000 17,000 Gill nets took two-thirds of the mullet caught and seines almost one-fourth. Musada. — ^The black, thin-shelled salt-water mussel {Mk/lShta MUb) is found on the Atlantie eosst as far sotttii as North Carolina aiidwaterprodiiet are given in the feUowmg tabu- lar statement: mnacL nmva: 1006. Valoa. BaoBds. Percent distribu- tion. Amotint. Per cent distribu- tion. Comieeticut Bbode Island Massachusetts 8,542,000 100 312,000 100 8,175,000 68,000 287,000 7,200 3,500 1,100 96 1 3 (') 8 8.200 1.600 1,400 200 100 100 68 13 12 2 1 1 ilyar The jHToducts ,no,ooo 14,481,000 8,060,000 4,699,000 3,413,000 2,170,000 1,150,000 767,000 1,997,000 5.403,000 170,000 200,000 Vafau. TaM. $♦,92,000 3St,000 155,000 70,000 44,000 20,000 14,000 12,000 8,400 7,000 5,400 1,600 800 $302,000 i 81,000 42.000 33.000 18.000 9,400 6,900 4,700 6,600 5.400 1,000 300 Pearls and $300,000 38,000 11,000 1,900 4,200 6,400 Illinois reported 52 per cent of the totsl value at tito mussei-sheU product and considerably more than mie-half of the value oi the peail ou^ut. Indiaaa was next in order, contributing a product valued at 22 per cent of the total. The fisheries of the Ohio River and its tributaries, during 1908, were more prolific than those of the Mississippi River proper. Of the total value of the Illinois product, $114,000 came from the Ohio River, which, added to the vidne <^ the yield from Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, and Ten^ nessee, made a total of $309,000 as the value of the mussel-shell product of this river and its tributaries. The Illinois River produced shells valued at $139,000, which leaves a balance of $239,000 as the value of those reported from the Mississippi and its other tributaries. Considarably over half the value ci peaiis reported ($154,000) was from the Ohio Biver distiict, as compared with a value of $146,000 reported from the ^lississippi River district, including the fisheries of the Illinois River. Of shells, however, the Missis- sippi River district, including the Illinois River, pro- duced a quantity valued at $230,000, compared with the product <^ the (Hdo Biver dirtrict, whidi had a value of $156,000. In the Ohio Biver dutiiet the mussel product was much more valuable than that of all other fishery products combined, and in the Mississippi River district it was second only to carp. The total shell product for 1908 shows an increase of 72 per cent in quantity and 81 per cent in value, compared with 1899, ^en the quantity was 47,648,000 pounds, valued at $216,000. The yield of pearls was not reported in 1899. in ihe returns of shells for thai year only five states were represented — Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin. The IlHnois product has had a marked growth from 8,910,000 pounds in 1899 to 39,809,000 pounds in 1908. The Minnesota output, too, was miuh larger in 1908 than 1899. 3^ the otiier three states, however, there has been a pronounced ^erease. Iowa in 1809 pfodaoad TflM*— 11— r-6 ffSHEROBS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. 1,000 pounds of shells and Wisconsin 16,260,000 pounds. In 1908 these two states produced, respec- tively, 4.609.000 and 1,150.000 pounds. In 1894 the industry was barely started, and the total product VM obI^ 1M,000 pounds, TtM at $2,700. Oftiiis, ImtMppKed 148,000 poimds and lOnMia tho balance. PlBarih^ has uniformly pnoedied traffic in shells. la hunting for pearls the fishers wade in the shallow waters, feeling for the mussels with their fset or looking for them through a water telescope, and gather them by hand when found. In deeper water, gardm nkn, to wfaidi are atta^ed amaU bag nata, are wed from aaaaH boats. Tongs are also an imple- ment of common use. As the quantity of pearls taken becomes less and the excitement of hunting for them consequently subsides, the fishermen begin to look to the shells for their main remuneration. They then adopt more systematic methods, making use of tiM cwm fo ot dndge. Una impkment emiaists of an to lAidi iraii hooiBi with from two to four ire attached at intervals. As the bar is dragged downstream, the mussels, wliich lie with their Talves open upstream, close tightly upon the prongs as soon as touched. Most of the boats are fitted with wnotma to propel them upstream, "v^iile to make the bait uaa of tiie eomiit downstream a deviee called a mmlm k attadied. The lattv consists of a square of canras stretched on a frame and let into the water from the prow of the boat, so that it presents a broad surface for the current to act upon. The decrease in the quantity of the mussel shells taken m the Iowa and Wiseonsin fishnies means that tte peail industry in those statea is m danger. Manu- i a ctuCT Bi Inre been interested in schemes for providing S future supply, either by protective legislation, which shall promote natural increase, or by an attempt at private culture. The latter plan, however, has not been more than considered. The especially discour- aging feature is that at least 10 yean are required to pow most of the Tarieties to eommereial siae, during which period the mollusk is beset with many dangers, both from the fish which prey on it and from the physi- ographical conditions wliich surround it. The only experiments in private culture have been in the growth of pearls within the mussel, not of the mussel itself, nese att e mp ts have not yet passed bey Tlie oyster catch is credited to the state in wliich the home port of the fisherman is located. IperMBt. it FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1906. The foUflihag tebiikr rtitgrnimt gam eompantiYe rtatirtica for 1808 and earlier jeen, by geographio onnn fboduct. 1W7-1M1 • MM QuutitT (b«Mi). Value. Quantity (titiii). VahM. Quaotity Value. Quantity (bHtato). Value. 33,330,000 115,713,000 26,010,000 $14,375,000 28,264,000 116,152,000 22,196,000 19,006,000 1 M,«1,«M 6.332.000 16.982.000 4.364.000 6,343,000 3.771.000 8.842.000 821.000 1,586,000 9H,m 2,649.000 19.750.000 1.612,000 2,380,000 6M,aao 1,911,000 10,288.000 385,000 749,000 i,m,m 1,726,000 21,346.000 1,192,000 2.041,000 1,393.000 12,403,000 254,000 706,000 537,000 20,756.000 310,000 570. 000 u.iai fi55,000 10,932,000 120,00a 313,000 n Itor South Atlantic states and Oulf of Mexico, 1S97; New F.n);huid states, 1898; Pacific coast states, 1899; and Middle Atlantic states, 1! >lw Wtw tinliiMl ■titw. mo Oulf of Mezioo, 1800; Middle AtlaoUc and South Atlantic states, 1801; and PacUte coast states, 1892. A marked increase is apparent in the product of the New Enjiland and of the South Atlantic states and a decrease in that of the Middle Atlantic states. In 1880 the product of the Middle Atlantic states formed M per cent of the total quantity, while in 1908 it 51 per ewL The pro > Includes Arlcaasas, Missouri, NetaMtai. ~ Indiana, Iowa, WMl West Viiiiaia. Ae indieated 1^ a o) (') (') New Yoi* > Lass than 1 peroeot. The yield for 1908 shows a large increase in value, compared with the product of 1905, but the weight was approximately the same for the two years. In both of these years, however, the product was much greater than in any other year for which statistics are available, as is i^wn bj the foDowing tabular statinnflait: TBAB. raXiCKHMWOCt. Quantity (poands). Value. 29,462,000 29,033,000 9,448,000 8, 442,000 6, 125,000 8402,000 305.000 65,000 90,000 67,000 1904-5 1897-98 1889 1888 A small proportion of the pollack catch, less than 5 per cent of the total product, was salted by the fisher- ies in 1908, and a still smaller percentage was salted in 1905. The catch is taken prindpalty in the Teasel fisheries, and the most important apparatus used are lines. In 1908, 68 per cent of the total quantity was taken with lines, 23 per cent with seines, and about 8 per cent with other kinds of apparatus. /Salmon. — ^The salmon of ihe Atlantic coast QSdlmo solar) b found along the coast <^ tiie New Eo^Uuid ■tates. At diffwent ages the fish are known as "paiKB," "smolts," "grilse," "kelts," and "sabnon." The adults weigh from 15 to 40 pounds. The landlocked salmon, or fresh-water salmon, or Sebago salmon (S. sehago), is found, as the name impUes, in fresh waters, generally landlocked. The steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) is found in coastal streams from 8aa Wrmaaoo nortiH ward. The blueback salmon {Qncorhynchus nerlca) is found on the Pacific coast from the Columbia River north- ward; and the California salmon, or chinook salmon, or quinnat {0. tschawytscha) , is found from Monterey to Alaska. The dog salmon (0. keta) ranges from the Sacramento River to Bering Strut; the hna^badEed salmon, or lost salmon (O. fsf^vadhi), from ^ Sacra- mento River to Alaska; and the silver salmon or white salmon {0. l-isutch) is found in all riven from the Sacramento River to Bering Strait. The following are improperly called salmon and are not included in the following tables under that name: The California yellow-tail iSeneila dandlit) whidi is known as tiie ''white Mifamm" Less than 1 per cent. Shad. — The common shad (Alosa sapidissima) is found on all the coasts of the United States and in some inland waters, the most important shad fisheries being in the rivers of the Atlantic slope. The average wea^ is about 4 poands and the average length about 2 feet. •ftie names "mud shad," "gizzard shad," shad," "stmk shad," "hickory shad," and eyed shad." are applied to difTerent species. The menhaden is called "hardhead shad" about Cape Ann, "bug-shad'^ in Viiginia, and "yellow-tailed diad" from North Gardina to Florida. Shad was fourth in value among the fisheiy products of the United States in 1908. Among fish proper it was surpassed in value only by salmon and cod, while in the Atlantic coast fisheries, cod is the only fish for which a greater value was reported. Shad is indige- nous to tile rivoB <^ the Atlantic coast, and the tra^ planting of this species to the Fadfic coast was among the early activities of the United States Fish Com- mission. The extent to which the undertaking suc- ceeded is shown in the tables which follow. The catch of shad in 1908 amounted to 27,641,000 pounds, valued at $2,113,000, or 4 per cent of the value of the entire fidiery product and 7 per cent ci the YtlMe of fish proper. Shad was reported by 17 states, includ- ing all tiie Padfie coast and all Atiantie coast atatair except New Hampahira. The atatisticB <^ the catch, by states ranked according to the value of their respective products, are given in the following tabular statement: United Virginia Nortii Carolina. Florida Maryland New Jemj Georgia Delaware Maine Soutil Carolina. Pennsylvauiu. . . New York Connecticut California Massachusetts.. Oregon Washington.... Quantity. . Value. Fereeat Panada. dtatff. buttoo. S7,6ll,fl00 100 •2,113.000 100 7,a4,000 2ri ■teti.OOO 23 3,942,000 14 373,000 18 2,836,000 10 320,000 15 3,937,000 14 247,000 12 3,004,000 11 229,000 11 1,333,000 5 190,000 9 870,000 3 68,000 3 770,000 - 3 42,000 2 464,000 2 41,000 2 593,000 3 38,000 S 300,000 1 27,000 1 122,000 - (>) 18,000 1 1,160,000 4 12,000 1 389,000 ^ 1 12,000 1 431,000 2 8,000 (') 100,000 1,900 4,500 - « 400 The first five states reported 78 per cent of tiie total value of this product. In all of these states shad ranked high in importance among the various species taken. In North Carolina it was first in value; in Virginia second, ranking next to oysters; in Maryland third; and in Florida and New Jersey fourth. The distribution of the shad catch of 1908, by divi- sions and state groups, was as foUows: * Htawni AKD fllATB QMOXJT. nuD nooocx: ms. ValM. POOBds. Percent distri- bution. Amount. Percent distri- butkn. 27,641,000 m $2,113,000 100 Atlantic coast division Middle Atlantic states South Atlantic states GolfofMeKloodlvWaa 25,941.000 94 2,092,000 1 99 16,079,000 8,572,000 1,286,000 1,700,000 S,«00 58 31 5 6 (.) 1,006,000 923,000 72,000 22,000 200 53 44 S t («) than 1 per cent. « Less than $100. The quantity and value of tlie shad reported for 1908 and earlier years are given in the following tabular statement: SHAD fBI VahM. 27,641,000 28,563,000 49,787,000 41,645,000 35.737,000 1^075,000 32,113,000 1,702,000 1,520,000 1,764.000 1,672,000 906,000 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908 The statistics show a marked decrease in quantity during the past decade, accompanied by an increase ii valML Mar to 1897, both qwntity and Tahie iMMnd ataodily, but in thst jmt an unusoftilj Inge catdi demoralized the price and made the total value much lower than in years for which smaller quantities were reported. Concerning the increase in the shad product during these earlier years, the Report of the Commiasionttr of Fish and Fisheries for 1898 (p. 104) Vbw wm • itaewiB in flie yield In nearly every ri^er on flie oaMi until 1880, when the results of artificial propagation hecame apparent. • • • Since 1880 the aggregate j-ield has greatly increased. * * * It should be noted, however, that this largely imammi jkM fceea t m uamf t m atd mad w ip— m i l ty an iocrease in quantity and effectivene?p of the apparatus of capture, hmt it was made possible by the results of artificial propagation. When the shad fisheries were at the height of their activity, they employed nearly 25,000 men and used apparatus valued at over $2,000,000. The Middle Atlantic states have always supplied the pMter proportioB of the Aad ptodnet, their ecwtri- hotkm varying from mon than ooe^iatf to tine- faflhw of the total; and the South Atlantic states have been next in importance, with a fraction varying from one-fifth to one-third. In the New England states there has been little change from year to year. The greater part of the shad product was sold fresh, atthomh a eoMidenUe quantity was salted by the <^BBapeake Bay fishermen and also by the fishMmen of Maine and other states. Gill nets were the leading a^aratus of capture, and in 1908 took a quantity ie|Kesenting 61 per cent of the total value. Pound and trap nets, used in the large estuaries, contributed 29 p« cent of the total value, while ihe catdi with •SMMB leptesnted 8 per cent, and that with sD other apparatus 2 p^ ecBt. Skrimf and prawn. — ^The shrimp is a decapod crus- tacean found in large numbers on all our coasts and in many inland waters. The usual length is about 2 inches, but some attain a larger size. They are caught in dip nets, purse nets, etc., and are used for food and haft. The prawn is goMrally laiger than the shrimp, eUsB hamg a kngtii sissi]^ shrimp and prawn ranked nsart lo eystts TOk value among the fishery products. The distribution of the shrimp and prawn catch, by divisions, is shown by the following tabular statement: PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 78 •oBiir AXD isawM mwocR im. Quantity. Value. Pounds. Per cent distribu- AUHNUIt. Percent distrlbn- Xioa.. Tottf Pacific coa.st division 10,080,000 100 8404,000 100 12,5rted to China. The assiduity of the &lienii«i oi this raee is held responsible for the great deoeaae in ^ PaeiBc coast product noted above. The bulk of the catch was made by shore and boat fisheries, except in Mississippi, where vessel fisheries took over 80 per cent of the product. Seines took more than 90 per cent of the catch, while 9 per cent of the total quantity was takra with other nets and less than 1 per ceut with beam trawls and pots and traps. Skins. — The fur skins reported in connection with the census of fislieries are those of the niuskrat, mink, and otter. Although the value of such products is not large, compared with that of most of the distinctively fishery products, yet these industries gire employ- ment to a large number men and are of considerate local importance. The aggr^;ate value of the skins of tliese aquatic fur mammals reported was S2,5.5,00fl. of which muskrats contributed SI 36,000, or 53 per cent; mink $89,000, or 35 per cent; and otter $30,000, or 12 per cent. The value of fur skins reported is given, by states, in the fdUowing tabular t^t^bemtsAti TAum or m wamt 1MB. ToUL Ottar. United SUilH. $255,000 $136,000 889,000 $30,000 98,000 50.000 24,000 21,000 20,000 15,000 14,000 3,600 2.300 2,300 \,m 16,000 50.000 24,000 77,000 4,700 0) Florida 21,«08 minote. 14,000 12,000 14,000 6,000 3,100 400 0) OJiio 3,600 2,300 1,200 888 800 1,101 1,100 m m North CwoOn*. MO An«ttMrttate8> MB iLeaiaian$ioo. 'Includes Wisconsin, MictiiRan, Virginia, Arlcansas, New Yorlc, and Texas. The trapping of muskrats was reported in 14 states, and the number and value of the skins taken were as follows : mmu* msmr. vm. Qnaottty. Value. Per cent Per pent Number. distribu- i Amount. distri bu- tion. tton. United States. 457,000 100 8188,000 188 115,000 25 .50. (KX) 37 76,000 17 > 24.000 18 119,000 20 Ki.flOO 12 50,000 11 14,000 10 Olilo 41,880 9 14.000 10 38,008 8 12.000 • 9.100 8 2.300 2 5.000 1 1,200 1 11,000 3 2,000 3 'Intdndea 88,800, the vatoeotlMLOge poands aCiuuikuaaieat. • iBCiuoM Mwiu uaminia, lows, wisoonsm, Kicni^an, Virginia, ■na mw zone. More than one-half of the value reported repre- sented the product of the contiguous states Delsr ware and Maryland. Althou^ muskrats are trapped for the skins primarily, the meat also is marketed to a considerable extent. The sale of 110,000 pounds of muskrat meat was reported]from Delaware, the value of which, $3,800, has been included in the foregoing statement. While ten states reported the trapping of mink, ahnost eight-nintlu of the product was frran Lowirfana, as diown by the following tabular stat^nent: 74 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. mm aiim: IMS. Number. Value. 45,000 - Me,ooo 30,000 8, MO MO 77,000 6,000 a, 100 i,im ths ffodnet of oltar Bt«l4», was as foOoira: NmnlMr. VakM. 3.S0O $30,000 2,900 (lOO 400 (') 21,000 4.700 3. GOO 300 •SSSSJLuw sIOm?'*'*'* WmtKUl, viqiM^ Mi Mmj^mA. Snappers (Lutianidse) . — Tlie red snapper (Lutianus ayfl\ which is the most important of the snappers, is a large fish, bright red in color, and is found from Long Island soathward, but in greatest abundance ■loaglkseoMtacf ili»€hdf sUloB. Hie gray snspper, or iMiig,ritifi mmppm, aim known in Fkrid* as *'hsmj€tf** is s eomnsm species. The mutton snapper, dbg snapper, or jocu, the schoolmaster, or caji, the ilk snapper, and the lane snapper are all fishes of food mdue common in the West Indies and southern Florida. The name is locally applied to other kinds of fish, n* red grouper is called "Imnm snapper" and "led- bdbd mmpp m t " in Florida. The losifish is called *^Diapper'' on the North Atlantic coast; the bluefish is called "snapper" and "blue snapper" on the New England coast: and the cod that live near the shore awav" from the ledges are called "black snappers." The statistics of the catch of snappeni as reported ii li88 are given bk the ftoHowing tabular statemnt: Quantity. Value. Per cent distribu- Amount. Percent distribu- tiOB. 13.8*4.000 100 $651,000 m 8,061,000 2,635,000 2,252.000 880,000 i4,ora n.Mi 5S 19 16 6 448,000 92,000 79,000 30,000 400 m 14 12 5 The red-snapper product of Florida, Alabama, and Texas contributed over 98 per c^t of the total value el tlM SBSppcrs caogjit in these states. The catch in 1km ottHT ilttai witii|iriwwl 13,000 povuids, Tsloed at $300, from North Carohna, and IfiOO poilBd% Tallied at $30, from South Carolina. Comparative statistics of the entire snapper product for 1908 and former years, so far as data are available, are given in the following tabular statoneni: imaa. guantit^ ValM. 1908 13,854,000 14,165,000 6,313,000 $651,000 430,000 206,000 103,000 The statistics for 1902 show 13,764,000 pounds of red snappers, valued at $418,000, and 401,000 pounds of all other snappers, valued at $11,000. In reports prior to 1902 no division is shown, and all snappers except the red were probably included under the head of misoellaiieoiM fiah. The etaet fiahii^ ground is off the west coast ol Florida. As these fish habitually feed along the ground in from 10 to 40 fathoms of water, lines asa the only form of apparatus used in their capture. Sponge. — The sponge which is of commercial value is found off the west coast of Florida, and the sta- tirtics in regard thoeto are given in comieeticni with those for the Jkrida fisheries <»i pages 103 and 104 of this report. The Talne of the apenea catdh m lt08 was $545,000. Squeteague. — ^The common weakfish, or squeteague (Cynoscion regalis), is found in abundance along the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Florida. It is known as "drummer'' about Cape Cod; "yellowfin" about Bussaids Bay; "weakfish" in New Toik and New Jersey; "Unefish" in Delaware and Virginia; ''gray trout," "sun trout," "shad trout," "sea trout," and "salt-water trout" in the Middle and South Atlantic states; and "squeteague," "squit," "chickwit," etc., in various places. It averages about 2 J pounds in weight, but some individuals attun a weight of 30 pounds. The spotted squeteague (C, ntMcmu) is found from New Jmej to Texas, and is somewhat larger than the other species. The California "bluefish" (O. parvipinnis) and the great "white sea bass" of CaJft- fomia (C. nobilis) are other species of weakfish. In 1908 squeteague were taken in all the Atlantic coast states south of Massachusetts, in all the Gidf states, and in Cafiforaia on the Piieifie coast; bat almost mie4hird of the catch was made off the New Jersey shores and along Delaware Bay. The entire product amounted to 49,869,000 pounds, and was valued at $1,776,000. Squeteague ranked seventh in value among all fishery products. Nearly the entire amount was sold fresh, the small quantities salted in North Carafina and Florida amounting to lees than 1 per etttt of the total prodoet. Th»lofiemgtabidir PRODUCTS OF THE PRINCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL. 7S statement shows the statistics of the catch, by states ranked according to the value of their product: United States. New York New Jenwjr North CBraOM.. Florida VirRinia Louisiana Rhode Island. . . Massachusetts. . Maryland. Texas. CaUfomia Delaware Mississippi Georgia Alabama. Sooth Carolina.. Ooaneetknt. — PiauMylvuia... SQUETEAOUB ntODUCT: 1MB. Qnoiiat^* Pounds. 49,869,000 n, 11, 4, 4, 4, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1. 2, 151,000 814,000 635,000 864,000 491, 0(M) 103,000 427,000 971,000 191,000 055,000 337,000 590,000 617,000 140,000 208,000 183,000 180,000 12,000 Per cent distribu- tioo. 100 ~B 24 9 10 9 2 6 4 2 2 3 fi 1 Valne. Amoant. i $1,776,000 461,000 342,000 206,000 196,000 139,000 82,000 72.000 68,000 47,000 46,000 42,000 29,000 28,000 12,000 10,000 8,700 6,800 aoo Per cent dlstribu- 8 100 "25 19 12 11 8 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 Comparatiye figures for those years for idiidii sta- iStif&m an avaikUe are giyen in the following tabukr It: nuB. fWMWOC. Quantity (pomda). Vahw. igOg 49,869,000 43.510,000 31,971,000 13.044,000 $1,776,000 1,242,000 733,000 438,000 1902-1904 Both the quantity and the value have increased since 1888-89, but except during the period from 1888-89 to 1895-1898 the rate of increase has been greater for the value than for the quantity. Squeteague fishing begins in the latter part of April/ and Usts from six to eight wedcs, untU the schools) begin to move off into deeper and coolw waters.^' Neaiijr one-half of the entire catch in 1908 was made' in pound nets, trap nets, and weirs, and one-third in seines. Tlie following tabular statement gives the sta- tistics of the catch, by apparatus of capture, for 1908: BODcnAous rodvct: IMS. Qnaatity. Value. Pounds. Per cent distri- bottan. Amount. Percent distri- botioo. 49,800,000 100 Sl,77»,000 100 PDtmd aata, ti^p Beta, nri train. .. . 24, 135.000 16,573,000 6,000.000 2,038,000 i,ui,m 4,S 33 H07,000 581,000 45 33 12 249,000 14 4 94,000 4B»«S 5 3 S Sturgeons {Adpenseridx). — Sturgeons are found on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and in many inland waters. The various species are known as "lake stur- geon," "white sturgeon," "sho^efaiose," etc. The Atlantic stui^eon attains a length of from 5 to 12 feet and a weight of from 400 to 500 pounds. They are sold fresh, pickled, and smoked, for food; caviar is manufactured from their eggs; the skin is made into leather; and the sounds are used in the manu- facture of glue and isin^ass. A raluable oil is some- times obtained from the parts not med for food, aad the refuse is used for fertilizing purposes. These fishes were taken in 31 states and with the pos- sible exception of catfisli and carp were the most widely distributed fishes reported. The aggregate catch was 2,072,000 pounds, valued at $157,000. To these fig- ures should be added those for the sturgeon caTiar product Ti^idi was reported sq[Murately and has beoi included in the statistics of caviar. The sturgecm caviar product was, in many cases, reported in con- junction with paddlefish eggs or caviar. For tliis reason the sturgeon caviar can not, in all cases, be seg- regated from that of the paddlefish. The paddlefish iPolyodon spaihula), locally known as "spoonbill," "ducklnU cat," and "shovelfish," is found in aU the larger streams of the lifississippi Valley. It is a poor food fish, although the roe is used extensively for caviar. The production of sturgeon and paddlefish caviar was 79,000 pounds, valued at 879,000, of which 69,000 pounds, valued at $70,000, was from states re- porting a catch of sturgeon and comprised, in the main, sturgeon caviar. The following tabular state- ment gives the statistics of the sturgeon catdi by states and of the caviar product for the same states, which are ranked according to the combined value of these products: Unttwl Virginia New Jersey New York lowa Maryland liloneaote Wiaoon^ Michigan Illinob Indiana Delaware Georgia Oregm North Caralioa. Washington Florida Missouri Pennsylvania... Kentucky anmoMW AMD cams Total value. S228,000 AU other states*. 49,000 23,000 23,000 16,000 16,000 11,000 8,800 8,000 7,300 7,200 7,100 7,000 6,800 6,400 6,000 5.300 5,100 4,300 2,400 I.MO s,soo sturgeon. 2,072,000 183,000 132.000 105,000 215,000 37,000 164,000 112,000 57,000 178,000 52,000 SliOOO 100,000 114,000 62,000 185.000 (i2,000 132,000 16,000 60,000 8,200 87,000 Value. S1S7,000 22,000 13,000 Hi, 000 11.000 5,000 11,000 8,200 7,100 6,S00 6,800 3.200 7,000 6,800 6,400 6,000 6,000 6,000 3,700 2,400 1,000 3,800 BtatetoacmrtatA Quantity (pounds). VilM. 09,000 170,000 22.000 9.700 K.lOO S.fiOO 8,100 100 900 1,2W i,aoo 300 3,100 27,0W 10,000 7.500 5.300 11,000 100 aoo MO no 400 3.900 200 300 500 aoo 100 500 ioo 1 4,300 m l.TM ' A small quantity of caviar from species other than stur^'don may be included. • Includes ralifonuu, N't lir.iskn,()tiio. Alabama, Arkansiis, Massachusetts, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia. 76 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Hkb foAowiog tebriv sUtemmt, giymg the distri- bution of the sturgeon catch by geographic divisions, shows that in quantity the product of the fisheries of the Mississippi River and its tributaries ranked first in 190$. while the catch of the Atlantic coast fisheries, more particukriy that of the Ifiddle Atlantif, states, wm of the gr e at es t iralne. Per cent distribu- 2,072,000 100 •mm 44 Middle Atlantic states 4is.aoo 20 49.000 31 217,000 H«» 10 1 18,000 1,1W 11 1 845.000 41 39,000 24 «Mt Lakes diviskm. 262.000 13 36,000 23 U,000 » nt 1 \ are aoi available for the country as a wliole for a series of yean, but figures for the various geo- paphk dmsMM and giwiM of states ai» as foUows: 14,000 21.000 18,000 21,000 418,000 •77,000 217.000 218,000 no, 000 4n,ooo 7.200 467,000 902,000 (19,000 1,002,000 1,427,000 2,700,000 845,000 •40,000 2,250,000 309.000 LIS. 000 3,140.000 s,77^on Valae. S1.500 1,600 1,300 800 40,000 42,000 S^oS 18,000 11,000 25,000 10,000 700 14,000 i>8n 30,000 40,000 51,000 50.000 106,000 39.000 27.000 63,000 13:000 4,300 15.000 80,000 M,OW The following tabular statement, which shows the distribution of the catch by apparatus of capture, indicates that various appliances were used in taking the product: =saaa STVBOKON pbodoct: 1906. QnaDtity. Vatae. Fonnda. Percent dMribu- tlOD. Amount. Percent diatoUw*' omnali Pound— li^ti^arti,iJ wtln. . . . 2,072,000 100 $157,000 100 775,000 344.000 327.000 187.000 336,000 103,000 37 17 16 9 16 6 60,000 32,000 18,000 17,000 16,000 4,000 44 20 11 11 10 S Lines Whale products. — ^The value of the whale products reported amounted to $497,000. These products oonsiBted of 63,000 pounds of whalebone, valued al $215,000, and 529,000 gallons of oil, valued at $282«000. Of the latter, 452,000 gallons, valued at $252,000, was sperm oil, and 76,000 gallons, valued at $30,000, whale oil. In 1908 the entire amount from the Pacific coast was reported from the whaling fleet sailing from San Fnuieisoo, althou^ in yean past a amall amount of nhale products has been rqKxrted from Washh^ton. The home port of the Atlantic whaling fleet, with the exception of a few vessels from Provincetown, is New Bedford, Mass. In 1008 nine whales were stranded on Ponce Park Beach, Fla., from which the oil was ex- tracted; one was caught off Cape Lookout, N. C; and a number irere takm by two vfusalB tmSBs^ from Connecticut ports. In the following tabular statement, which shows the quantity and value of whale products in 1908, the figures for Florida, North Carolina, and Connecticut are combined under the head "All other states:" WHALE FBODUCTS: 1908. DIVISION AND STATE. Total 1 WMaaS. Quan- tity Quan- tity (gal- Ions). Vte. Amount. Per cent distri- btttiOD. Amoont. Per cent dlstri- botton. United StatM.. Atlantic coast diyl- 0497,000 02,000 1215,000 HO 530,000 1382,000 MO 365.000 136.000 30,000 m,ooo 31,000 30,000 1,900 »,000 97,000 89.000 7,600 119,000 45 41 4 M 504,000 462.000 42,000 .., 5 8§i 95 88 8 f Massachusetts . All other states Paetta emit divl- No statasties are available for Uie eountiy as a wIk^ between 1888 and 1908, but by combining the Pacific coast statistics for 1899 with those of the New England states for 1898, and making a similar combination for 1904 and 1905, comparative data are secured sufficient to indicate the general trend of the whaling industry. FBODUCTS OF THE P&INCIPAL FISHERIES IN DETAIL, 77 The following statement giving the value of the whale products for specified yean shows that there has besn a gradual decGne: 1M8 $4»7,000 1904-5 , 873,000 1898-99 722, 000 1889 1,404,000 1888 1,065,000 1880 2,324,000 For the Pacific coast states the period from 1890- 1892 was the high-water mark of the whale fisheries. The statistics for the Pacific whaling fleet for certain years from 1880 to 1908 are given in the following tabular statement: YEAB. 1908. 1004. 1890. 1895. 1892. 1891. 1890. 1880. VBAU nODTON TAKEN BT PACDIC ItSBt. Total value. $132,000 434,000 457,000 307,000 999,000 1,190,000 786,000 582,000 691,000 202,000 Wbalebane. Quantity (poDiids). 32,000 95,000 207,000 99,000 197,000 224,000 170,000 120,000 197,000 (') Value. $119,000 415,000 436,000 287,000 937,000 1,119,000 680,000 520,000 586,000 (») Whale oiL (fritont] 24,000 43,000 70,000 73,000 210,000 235,000 298,000 201,000 292,000 (•) VakM. 013,000 18,000 20,000 20,000 62,000 71,000 106,000 62,000 105,000 (•) > Not reported. » Not reported separately. The comparative statistics of the catch of the Atlantic fleet are as follows: Wtaalebrae. Whale OiL . (pmaids). Value. Qnoititor (gaDons). VahM. 1902 $.365,000 440,000 383,000 265,000 821,000 680,000 1,034,000 2,132,000 31,000 56,000 19,000 27,000 08,000 125,000 223,000 (>) $97,000 19.3,000 90,000 66,000 320,000 341,000 569,000 («> 501,000 524,000 685,000 416,000 864,000 646,000 930,000 (') $269,000 247,000 293,000 199,000 501,000 339,000 4<'>5,000 (*) The average value per gallon of the product <^ whale oil in 1908, on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, was the highest reported at any time. Sperm oil con- tributed the greater portion of the value reported for whale oil, and in 1908 was valued at 50 per cent more a gallon than other kinds of whale oil. It is derived exclusively from the sperm whide and is used dhiefly as a lubricator. In previous r^rts speim dl was not segregated from other lands of whale oil. Whalebone, or baleen, is chiefly used by whip mak- ers, dressmakers, and corset manufacturers. It varies in color and fineness and is received from the vessels in lengths var3ring from 1 to 15 feet. Ambergris, another product ci the irfule, iriiile very vahiable in the prtparatkm of fine perfumery, is a vary uncertain product. It is sometimes found floato^ out at aea and sometimes along the shore* None reported in 1908. In 1905, 94 pounds, valued at 117,000, were reported from Mimachiisetfo, and in 1889, 37 pounds, valued at $7,750. In 1878 a vessel of New Bedford reported 136 pounds that sold for $23,000, and in 1858 another New Bedford vessel secured 600 pounds of ambergris, valued at SI 0,500. The total (juantity reported by the American whaling fleet from 1836 to 1880 was 1,668 pounds. WhdUfisk (Ooregoima). — Whitefidies are among the most import uit fresh-water fishes ot America. The common whitefish (C. clupeaformis) is the most valuable species of all, although the others are highly esteemed as food. It is found in the Great Lakes region and is known as "humpback," "bowback, " and "highback" whitefish; it is known also as ''Otsego bass" in the neighboihood of Otsego Lake, N. Y. Other species of economic importance are the Rotky Ifountain iriiite- fish (C. vnUiamsoni) and the Menominee whitefish (C. quddrilateralis) , also known locally as "round white- fish," "frostfish," "shadwaiter," " pilot fish, " "chivey," "blackback," etc. Coregonus aUnu is the common whitefish of Lake Erie. There are induded undor this name the Uuefin (LeueuMkya nigripinnia) and the longjaw (L. praf- nathus), commercially classed with the whitefishes, although they belong to the same geiios m the laka herring. The name is locally applied to the bluefish on the Hudson; to the menhaden in western Connecticut; to the tikfidi in Cdifomia; and to the beluga by whalen. The whitefish catdi is oinifined to the Great Laloes, Lake of the Woods, and Kainy Lalrn. In value it ranked fourth among the fishery products in those waters with a catch in 1908 valued at S524,000, which is less than 1 per cent of the total value of the United States fisher}^ product, but 14 per cent of the value of the product oi the Great Lakes. Every state b(»dei)^ ing on the Great Lakes shared in the catdi <^ iHiit»> fish, but near!}' two-thirds of the total value was con- tributed by the fish reported from Michigan. In that state whitefish ranked second in value, r^kresenting 23 per cent of the total value. The distribution of the catch, by states ranked according to the value oi their product, is given in the following tabuUu' statemoxt: Qnaal VaftM. Am. Percent | Per cent Paonds. distribu- 1 Amount. distribu- tion. tion. Uflited StalM. > 7,722.000 100 $524,000 100 4,772.000 62 339, 000 C5 Ohio 732,000 9 60,000 11 1,274,000 17 56,000 11 455,000 87,000 7 New Yoric 179,000 2 15,000 8 242,000 3 11,000 a 52,000 5,000 1 nuaois. 14,000 ■"'1 800 FISHERIES OF THE UNHED STATES, 1908. 18 In addition to the whitefish product included in the above ■tatcami, than w&n npoiied 2,900 pomcb of mwmr prepared bom whHMk loe^ Tahwd at 9X0, which are included in the statistics for camat. The diirtrihwtifla altlw catch by fishing grooiidawaa as follows: VdM. Per cent Per cent Pounds. di^bu- Amount. ^tribu- 7,722.000 100 SS24,000 100 LakelOAIpB 3.55.J.000 46 241.000 46 UtoBito. 1,504.000 19 122.000 23 1.469.000 19 91.000 17 1,140,000 15 65.000 12 • 1 * SKlodM Lske St. Clair. Neariv all the whitefish product was marketed fresh, hat 342,000 pounds, valued at $17,000, were reported ariled awl 15,000 pounds, Tahiad at $1,300, were aaafced. Tlie eonlined rahie of the salted and amoked product fotmed obSj 3 per cent d Hie total value of the catch. Although in some cases the returns specified the aUied varieties as Menominee, longjaw, etc., in the flu^oritj of cases the catch was reported as whitefish wittoot segr^tion, aotd lienoe, the returns can not ha depended upcm as showing the entire catdi of wpedRc varieties. For 5,680,000 pounds of whitefish, valueend- ent fishermen. Of the perscms employed in the Gulf district , mors than 72 per cent were in the shore and boat fisheries. In 1908 the number of persons employed in vessel fisheries was 234, and on transporting vessels 11, as compared with 254 and 19, respectively, in 1902. The number of men engaged in the shore and boat fishraies of the Gulf and its immediate tributaries was 647 in 1908, compared with 441 in 1902. There has thus been a small decrease in the number of men employed in the vessel fisheries and a large increase in the number employed in the shore and boat fisheries. Equipment and other capiial. — The tabular statement following gives statistics of the fishing equipment com- prised in vessels, boats, and ^»paratus of capture, and of other capitaL (79) WISBEBSE& OF THE UMI'KD STATES, 1906. S2»,000 1M,000 M.O0O 90,000 S.800 1,000 aoo M,000 7,000 I7,r 23.000 4,300 19,000 65,000 17,000 Golf of Mexico district. 1262,000 130,000 124.000 94,000 SO, 000 5,800 5,000 80O 33,000 7,000 17,000 8,600 19.000 4.300 15,000 03,000 17,000 Tennes- see River district. S6.900 1,400 1.400 3,800 3,800 1,700 1m tk» Mkfwing tabular ulittiMit the mimber and oi the vesseb and the number of the boats tl» Uhm «l AkbMM in im an flMwii: TX8SKLS AND BOATS: 1908. Total. 61 17 •00 I •10 I 16 115 m j Gulf of Mexico district. 61 57 soo 4 35 581 16 115 450 Tennes- see River district. 89 The number of the various kinds of apparatus used MBtribated 1^7 triets. Distrfbntion by class of fLsheries. Golf of Itadeo Tennes- Vessel fldMriM. Sbora and boat flfliMriflB. Frke and hoop nets Ota nets 801 1 57 • * ' 235 1 87 • m 6S6 i' 22 6 35 891 35 3 165 30 27 27 AH of the sail craft and motor boats were employed in the fisheries of the Gulf coast, rowboats alone being reported for the Tennessee River. The apparatus used in the Tennessee River fisheries was confined to fyke and hoop nets, wooden traps, and lines. in Sdaag*tead transporting ovtfii WIS 9190,000, while the invest- ment in boats aggregated $34,000, of which all but $1,400 pertained to the shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico district. Thenumberof vessels reported as engaged in fibbing and transporting had decreased by 16 since 1902, but their value, including the value of the outfit, increased by $14,000. The number of boats used in Iho fisheries of tiie Gulf coast and the immediately tributary to the Gulf inewsswd bj 264, and their value increased by $21,000. The investment in apparatus of capture for the shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf district largely ex- ceeded that for the vessel fisheries, but the combined investment in floating craft and apparatus of capture by the Tessel fisheries was $134,000, wfails lor this shore and boat fisheries of the Qulf dktoiet it was only $47,000. Wooden traps were reported as in use only in the fisheries of the Tennessee River, which also show the majority of fyke and hoop nets. The shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf district employed the largest number oi trammel nets. The Tshie oi fishing appar latos on fessels «iid bo^ts fishing in the Gulf and its immediate tributaries was reported as $8,200 in 1902. In the fisheries of the Gulf district 62 per cent of the capital was invested in floating craft and 7 per cent in apparatus of capture, while in the fisheries of the Ten- nessee River only 20 per cent was invested in floating craft and 55 per eenl in apparstus of eaptiDie. JVsdiirfi, iy s^MoiM.— The fishery products of the state were distributed by species and apparatus of capture as shown in the table on page 82. Oysters easily ranked first, with nearly 45 per cent of the total value. Red snapper, mullet, catfish, and bufialo fish followed in the order named. Proimets, by Jishing gnmnds. — The following tabolsr Ht ft tement shews tiisdistilbirtiott of the duel sp e c ie s by Total Fish Red snapper Mullet Catfish Buflaloflsh SqueteaKue Drum, fresh-watar. Channel baa Suckers All others Oysters CraiMaiNldttlap Tempiii and tarflas. . TALUS OF Total. SK7,fln 206,000 92,000 33,000 17,000 11,000 10,000 10,000 5,500 4,600 23,000 173,000 Golf of Mexico. district. Teones- Isee River district. t>88,000 177,000 92,000 33,000 9,600 7,600 10,000 1,400 5,500 18,000 173,000 7^ 7,200 3,200 8,800 4,600 8,000 The fisheries of the Gulf district are credited with 93 per cent of the total catch. In that district the value of the products was nearly evenly divided between fish and oysters, while in the Tennessee River district fish constituted the entire product. The ]«incipal species tskeii m the Gulf district were, in the order of value, oysters, red snapper, mullet, and squeteague. The first two named formed 74 per cent of the total catch of the Gulf district. The chief species caught in the Tennessee River, in the order of value, were fresh- water drum, catfish, suckers, and buflalo fish. FISHERIES, BY STATES. 81 Pnduetgf hy ekm ^ JUh0rUB,—TbB distributioii ci jnoducts between the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fiflteioi is shown in the following tabular TotaL rui Redsnvf* Mullet Catfish Buffalo fish Squeteague. lmna,ftMhpiratar, Chaanribai StMdKn........... AU other Oysters Crabs and shrimp Tenapin and turtles. . TAIVB or IBODTOTS: 1908. Total. S387,000 Vessel flabarles. S144,000 2()(i, 000 92,000 33,000 17,000 11,000 10,000 10,000 5,500 4,600 23,000 173,000 7,300 109. 000 92,000 4,200 200 2,700 'i,'866 Shore and boat 8.000 33,000 i,aoo 100 21), 000 17,000 11,000 7,600 10,000 3,700 4.600 15,000 140,000 0,100 000 The fish products proper amoimted in the aggregate to 6,232,000 poimds, or 58 per cent of the total wdght of fishery products, and were yahied at $206,000, or 58 per cent of the total yahie. The value of the fish products constituted 40 per cent of the total in the case of the shore and boat fisheries, and 76 per cent in the case of the vessel fisheries. The products of the vessel fisheries were chiefly red snapper and oysters, all other products amounting to oi^ 13 per eent. The combined catch of the shore and boat fisher- ies aggregated 6,312,000 pounds, having a value of $244,000. Of this catch, 93 per cent in quantity and 88 per cent in value was from the Gulf district. Of the products of the shore and boat fisheries for the state, the oyster catdi formed 57 per cent in Tsloe. Pniudt, &y €tpparatu8 of capture. — The product iimnfAit by means of tongs, representiing the oyster catch, contributed a larger percentage of the total products, as measured by value, than the product caught by any other class of apparatus, and formed nearly two-thirds of the sh(ne and boat products of the Gulf district; while the catch of lines contributed more two-thirds of the total for the vessel fisheries, and that of fyke nets nearly one-half of the total for the Tennessee River. Seines were used to a comparatively small extent, and gill nets still less and only in the vessel fisheries. The catch in wooden traps, all in the Tennessee River, was a substantial one, aggregating 107,000 pounds. The following tabular stitonent diows the yalne and distrihatioa of the osteli, by the various kinds of sf^parstas: imf— 11 — 6 TolaL Tongs Lines Trammel nets... Fyke nets AVooden tnqpa... Seines Gill nets Spears, etc Minor apparatus TAi.UK or rBm;n: 1908. TsteL I9IM.000 (244.000 173,000 33,000 140,000 120,000 97.000 23,000 58,000 9,300 49,000 24,000 24,000 6,100 0,100 4,400 2.900 i,.aoo 1,200 700 SOO 000 • Oysters— The product of the oyster fishery wss 590,000 budids, ralued at $173,000, wUdi was 45 per cent of the total value of all products. The oyster catch included 54,000 bushels of seed oysters, having a value of S4,100, and 536,000 bushels of market oys- ters, having a value of $169,000. All of the seed oysters were from pubhc areas, and of the market oysters 12 per cent were from prrrato areas and 88 per cent from puUic areas. The value of the oysters from prirato areas formed 22 per cent of the total value of market oysters and their average value was 59 cents per bushel, compared with 28 cents per bushel for oysters from public areas. The oyster product of 1908 shows a large mcrease over the figures tor 1902, in which year the total product reported amounted to 347,000 budieb, Tshied at $120,000. TheiaeraMs in quantity of oystMs, exclusave ci seed oysteiBi was 189,000 bushels, or 54 per cent, and the increase in value $49,000, or 41 per cent. The gain was confined almost entirely to the product from the pubhc areas, the product from the private areas increasing only 17 per cent in quantity and decreasing 5 per cent in value. Oystm can be taken from die poblie reeftr at any time, the demand alone governing the fishermen in this particular. Tongs are the only apparatus allowed for taking oysters, and the quantity of oysters permitted per single boat is limited to 3,500 bushels per week. No oysters measuring less than 2 J inches from hinge tea mouth can be taken. Bed anapper.—Tbe red snapper was the most im- portant of the kinds of fish caught, and in 1908 con- stituted neariy one-fourth of all products both in quantity and in value. It is a deep-sea fish, the fish- ing being done with lines in from 20 to 75 fathoms of water, and the catch figures solely in the vessel fish- eries. This fishery centers at Mobile, and the v e s sels go as far east as Tampa, Bla., and as far west as the Mexican coast. Mullet. — The mullet ranked next in importance in 1908, and formed 16 per cent of the tot4 quantity of IE8 0¥ TSE VHITED ^JtATESi WOk tile products, although its value formed only 9 per emt of the totel Tahie. It is chiefly a pioduet of the ■hm Md bo«t fidwriea, Mid k eaqglii alnoet cntiv^ ii iMimil nets, less than 4 oni beag eaa^ in ■eines and gill nets in 1908. Oatjish. — The catfish ranked third in the order of Talue. The fifjriires for this fish represent both the fa«sh-water and the salt-water varieties, and practically •U of the catch was reported by the shore and boat TWjr an eaijghi mUk a rumty of uf^punr fyke nets, lines, semes, aad traps. OAer produdi. — The bvffido fish, squeteague, and products ot aboat equal eommereial value. The buflfllo fish and the drum were caught in the Tenneaaee Biver and the fresh- water tributaries tif the Gtdf, whSe the aqneteague was reported by both the shore and the vesnl fiahllf ifMI of the Gulf district. Hickory shad and carp were re- ported solely from the Tennessee River, and groupers and shrimp solely by the vessel fisheries. Black bass, sturgeon, and sunfish were taken in the shore and boat fidberiee of the Qulf district as well as in the TMrneasee River, and tiie ranaaider oi the enmneiv ated products were taken in the vessel fisheries and in the shore and boat jjnhwriw of the €kdf ol Mazioo district. tT TBomsm: im. noDocT CAvata mt— Qaantity (poands). Value. QOMItitT (pomKla). Value. QoHititjr CpooDda). Value. (pomida). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. QnantltT (pounds). Vab» nao^ooo 158,000 124,000 107,000 16,100 150,000 $4,400 4,198,000 S175,0M 9,300 900 25,000 5,200 56,000 2,500 300 1,100 1,200 100 200 («) 31,000 6,900 85,000 4,800 1,800 500 6,000 200 128,000 9,800 93,000 500 7,200 700 5,700 (») 10,000 5,400 31,000 600 300 1,500 122,000 18,000 4,700 55,000 1,3W u,m 3,700 900 100 1,100 100 6,300 700 1,600 (*) 500 10,000 % 4,100 9S 100 *s 3,000 100 79,000 6,500 S^OIO 1,900 12,000 500 600 (*) 0,000 16,000 394,000 16,000 3,900 800 22,000 1,100 20,000 800 1,504,000 500 16,000 32,000 (*) 800 56,000 100 1,700 1,100 (») 100 6,000 300 6,000 166 (») 300 3,000 300 %68S,000 300 (») 92,000 12,000 65,000 149,000 600 1,300 7,500 100 11.000 18,000 (') 200 900 500 6,000 6,000 100 200 800 36,000 5,500 12,000 4,700 6,500 246,000 (») 1,800 aoo 70O 300 100 6,100 700 MkOOO (*) 3,000 200 14,000 900 2,300 8,600 100 200 1,500 («) 37,000 aoo 1,200 100 4,200 13,000 •3,314,000 < 440,000 300 SOB 132,0« 37,000 4,iaD Tongs, 4,132/ai valued at 1600. AKKAirSAS. The fishing grounds of Arkansas are principally the Mississippi River; its tributaries, the Arkansas, White, St. Francis, Ouachita, Black, and Cache Rivers; and Big Lake. Buffalo fish and catfish were the leading speckm of irii caught, wUfe BiuuubI MBb, together wSOk fmA md itaffh tlBael equaled in importance Amb two lirii f g rf w ete coM hii a d . Hie following ■tatement gives « gMnl aUUiMij of the state's fish- jfimlwF of pcnoMMBployvd.................. ••••••••• MS Capital: Veaeels and boats, includiiig outfit......... $45, 000 Anpantwef aqplSM. SI, 000 Shore and acceaaoiy pnpmtj. 000 Value of products 207, 000 Comparison wiih previous canvasses. — comparison of the figures'fw 1908 with those for previoiis yean shows a ooiMidirable i nci e aso in the fisheiy iaTest- ments and ptoduets. The following tabular state- ment gives a summary oi the fisheries of Arkamas for 1894, 1899, and 1908: FISHERIES, BY STATES. TUB. Persons em- ployed. Value of equip- ment and other Qoantity (poonds). Value. 998 m 750 $89,000 TO.OOO 37,000 12,867,000 4,897,000 3,sn,9n 1207,000 168,000 U6,000 It will be noticed that the rate of increase in the quantity of products between 1809 and 1908 is much higher than the rate for the value of products. This disproportion is in large part due to the development of the mussel fisheries, the products of wliich amounted to 8,060,000 pomids in 1908, wheress none at all were reported in 1890. While mussel i^ieDs add greatly to the total wej^t of the state's fishery products, they are of relativdly small yalue. Exclusive of the mussel fishery, the quantity of products declined from 4,897,000 pounds to 4,507,000 pounds, and their value from $168,000 to $137,000. Persons employed. — The data as to the perscMis em- ployed in the &hanes of the state during 190a are as foOows: fKWMls uirLOTXD: 1006. Wages. IMid. tors and independ- ent fish- Wage- earners. 137 120,000 1 m u M,000 t,m The industry is carried on iaigely by independent fiUbmnen, only a few of the fishermen employing help- «8. A Uurge proportion of the 137 wage-earners were employed by a few proprietors on Big Lake, and the small total of wages paid suggests the intermittent character of much of the employment. Equipment and other capital. — Statistics as to the num- her and value of the different kimki of equipment em- ployed, and the amount oi other capital inyested, axe ptesented m the fcAowing tabular statement: TotaL. and nwtarKineiudiiig outfit. Tnnsporting ^ Vessels ■ Tozm&^Oa ■•■«••■■••-■>•■«•>>■>•■>>■■-■•••■•• Outfit Boats Stann and motor Row... Apparatus of captun (abon and boatflsberiea). Dip nets Firearms Fylce and hoop nets PomdiMts.. Trammel nets Traps, otter Sbon aad aooeaaory property. EQUIPMENT AND 1908. Number. Value 8 S6 1,154 117 1,087 S 45 ,638 46 127 17 21 10 $89,000 8,100 8,600 1,500 37,000 18,000 19,000 31,000 13,000 The value of vessels and boats together made up one-half of the investment. As would be expected in river fisiieries, no saiUng oraft were reported. Of the apparatus of capture, fyke and hoop nets were most numerous, wi^ a Talue greator than tiiat of aD other kinds of apparatus combined. Products, by species. — The table on page 84 gives the quantity and value of the products of the Arkansas fisheries, distributed by species and by apparatus of capture. Fifteen species of fish were reported, besides frogs, turtles, mussel sheUs, and pearls sod slugs. Mussel sheUs and peark and slugs made up one-third of Hub total value of products. The catch of buffalo fish was the most important among the fish, and catfish and black bass were next in order. These four species con- tributed 80 per cent of the total value of products. In 1899 also buffalo fish and catfidi were the leading species. BUmsIi: baas, however, was one of the minor species in 1899. Crappie, fifth in importance in 1908, stood third in 1899, while paddlefish and caviar, although of little importance in 1908, stood fourth in 1899. Products, hyjishing grounds. — The distribution of the products bf fibbing grounds is giv«i bdowr FISHma QBOCKO. IHBKT noDocn: IM. TotaL Other than mussel shells, pearls, and glufs. Mu. ries. Wages. Total 4,129 12,622 41 1,466 $562,000 $26,000 * $536, 000 TnamrtiaKTcssels Skomnlboalflsb- 645 135 3,320 - 26" 7 2,589 1 eiF 128 720 215,000 55,000 275,000 17,000 1,200 214,000 55.000 250,000 17,000 11 29 25,000 * Kjudutf t e of thiee propileton not tWihig i Of the 4,129 persons engaged in fishmg, 16 p«r cent were connected with the vessel fisheries, 80 per cent with the shore and boat fisheries, and 3 per cent with the transporting vessels, while only 1 per cent were employed exclusively as shoresmen. Of the total number of proprietors and independent fishermen, 99 per eent were reported by the slMve and. boat fidMties. These fidieries, howerer, employed only 49 per cent of tiM total amnber ni wage-eanMia, whila the ▼easel BY STATES. fisheries employed 41 per cent. The vessel and the shore and boat fisheries are not comparaUe with respect to the number of proprietors and lnde> pendoit fishemiMi, inMmneh aa many of the yesseb are owned by corporations, while the percentage ci the shore and boat fisheries conducted by oorporatioDS is very small. Only 29 of the shoresmen were reported as being directly connected with the fisheries. It must be borne in mind that this numbw does not B tt c J nde employees working in eanneries, paddng booses, or fish marirats. Equipment and other capital. — The description and value of vessels and boats engaged in the fisheries of the state and the value of apparatus used, together with the amount of other capital invested in 1908, are given in the following tabular sti^emen t ; Total. Vessels, including oulflt Fishing Steam and motor VtmOt Ontflt San Vessels Outfit Transporting Steam and motor Vessds Outfit Bail Vessels Outfit Barges Boats steam and motor Sail Row Other Aj^aratus of capture Vessel fisheries Shore and boat fisheries... Shore and accessory property. Cash cairal: MOB. Vahia. Number. 31,659,000 573,000 412,000 304,000 SO, 000 68,000 129,000 97,000 31,000 161,000 63,000 57,000 5,400 96,000 80,000 16,000 2,200 483,000 321,000 121,000 30,000 20,000 502,000 19,000 483,000 63,000 28,000 Twinap GO 31 83 9,332 4,480 s.aB» 9 21 14 4,852 183 7 8 2,121 413 814 799 95 The number of the various kinds of apparatus of capture used was as follows: Abalone ontflt Fvke and hoop nets Gill nets Paranzella nets. Pots, crab and Seines Shrimp nets... Trammel nets. Turtle n^iB — APPiaAvnor TotaL 56 1,580 3,550 20 2,874 146 295 2,537 67 Used in— Vessel fisheries. 19 19 30 5 15 Share and boat fish erica. 56 1,580 3,531 1 S,M4 141 295 2,522 37 Products^ hy species. — Table 1 , on page 89, shows the quantity and Talue of the fishery products of the state, by i^Mdes and by apparatus of capture. A comparison of the chief species included in the catch rcqported by the Bureau of Fisheries foi 1899 FI8B OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. and 1904 and in that reported at the present census, as giTen in the following tabular statement, is of interest as showing the fluctuations in the fishery products: Chinook.. Blue back. SUvw. Qaaotity (paandB). Value. 3,205,000 l,0e»,00(l 3.1S,00II 2.319,000 9.211,000 8. 846,000 147,000 141.000 7t,00C 4,638,000 1,337.000 718,000 3,487,000 1.235.000 1,702,000 729,000 979,000 873.001 94,000 32,000 •80,000 88,000 56,000 M,000 80,000 60,000 471,000 460,000 4,900 4,200 2,800 30,000 42,000 41,000 65,000 135,000 22,000 69,000 337,000 18M Quantity (pounds) 52, 110,000 82,523,000 2,159,000 737,000 5,623,000 4,336,000 1,793,000 12,343,000 11,746,000 273,000 269,000 55,000 1,036,000 979,000 1,362,000 3,874,000 1,570,000 834,000 5. HI. 000 1,320,000 33,000 1,832,000 W,00a|j 1,078,000 1S2,OOOH 412,000 119,00a 87,000 13,0 325,000 Value. 52,000 21,000 132,000 84,000 59,000 456,000 444,000 4,300 5,600 1,600 12,000 31,000 52,000 69,000 92,000 9,400 155,000 628,000 72,000: 303|oon 375,000; Quantity (pounds). 46,832,000 82,551,000 1,192,000 466,000 5,917,000 4,686,000 1.233,000 7,243.000 7,068,000 22,000 60,000 114,000 2,383,000 938,000 1,315,000 32,000 1,234,000 895,000 3.677.000 2,940,000 4,047,000 607,000 715,000 207,000 507,000 7,272,000 Value. 33,000 13,000 178,000 92,000 38,000 262,000 255,000 800 2,100 3,000 18,000 20,000 58,000 600 62,000 33,000 86,000 867,000 111,000 14,000 456,000 436,000 20,000 210,000 Although the total value of products in 1908 shows a material decrease, as compared with the values for the prior years, the value of the salmon catch TIm Taloe <^ this catch formed 24 per «ff tin total rtim ) Santa Barbara ChaniMl.. yiamath R:\-er am Lam Ottmfio Baj Of the total products taken by the shore and boat fisheries in 1908, products from the Sacramento River formed 32 per cent in quantity and 38 per cent in value. Salmon was the principal species caught in this rirar and amounted to 7,292,000 pounds. Stripad baas waa nazt in knportanee, the quantity reported being 1,690,000 pounds. Other apBcam taken were as follows: Catfish, 1,068,000 pounds; shad, 1,055,000 pounds; carp, 425,000 pounds; black bass, 82,000 pounds; pike, 20,000 pounds; and stur- geon, 10,000 pounds. The total catch taken from the Sacramento Bivw and the prodnct of «ahnon, striped bass, catfiah, ahad, carp, aiid falaek baaa for that rirer show substantial gains since 1904. San Francisco Bay was second in rank according to the value of products, although the quantity of products taken from the Pacific Ocean was greater. Hiis is due largely to the fact that much of the ocean product does n<^ compare in Tahie irith the safamm and oth«rdboioespedfla taken in the hay. The oyster product of San Francisco Bay also affected the relative value of the catch to a large extent. Herring was the principal species taken in the bay fisheries, the weight of the catch amounting to 450,000 pounds. Smelt ranked next in respect to quantity, with 278,000 pounds, and sea baas foflowed, nilh 271,000 pounds. Rockfidi, striped hasB, and saidinss wm also taken in considerable quantities. In Humboldt Bay and its tributaries there were taken, besides salmon, the following: Smelt, 132,000 pounds; flounders, 112,000 pounds; herring, 26,000 pounds; rockfish, 63,000 pounds; and crabs, 1,411,000 poundk Hard and aoH dams ako were mariEsted m conaideral^ quantitijBs. The sardine catch of Monterey Bay amounted to 1 ,782,000 pounds, and was valued at $8,900. The low value per pound of sardines causes the average value per pound of the products of this bay to be lower than that for any other waters of the state, with the excep- tion The catch of one vessel la Included with that of the shon boat fisheries. Judged by the value of products taken, gill nets led among the various kinds of apparatus used in the fisher- ies of the state. The hugest catch made with these nets was diinook salmon, which had a value of 1409,000, or 53 per cent of the total value of the product taken by this apparatus. Barracuda, sea bass, smelt, and striped bass were also largely caught in gill nets. Dredges, tongs, etc., which ranked second in the value of the products tafciui, wrae used ezdusive^ in the oyster fisheries. Third in importance were hand, trawl, and set lines. Some species are taken only by line fishing, cod being among the most notable of these both in quantity and value. Black cod, redfish, sea trout, and swordfish are other species the entire product of which was caught by lines. The quantity and value reported for eadi of these species are mt:^ less than for cod. The sdPDe catch of diinook salmon was i!he greatest in value among the products taken by seines, although the weight of the seine sardine catch was more than five times as great, namely, 4,552,000 pounds, repre- senting 66 per cent of the total weight of the seine catch. &ndt to the value of $13,000 were cauj^t with seines. In. the case <^ every other species the catch by this apparatus was of minor importance. The paranzella net is peculiar to the fishing of Cali- fornia, none having been reported in use in any other state. Sole was the principal species caught with this kind of apparatus, representing 69 per cent of the quantity and 69 per cent <^ the value of the entire par- snadla cat^. Whitefidi, floundere, kingfish, and skates were also taken in considerable quantities. Catfish formed the principal catch with fyke nets, while flounders were practically the only specifti caught with trammel nets. Salmon. — In 1908 salmon stood first both in quan- tity and in value among the species takm in Califonun wat«re. The state rsnked third in the country both in the quantity and in the value of the catch of safanon. Chinook was the principal kind taken, forming 96 per cent of the total yield of salmon in 1908 and represent- ing 23 per cent of the total value of fishery" products of the state. There was an increase in the quantity and in the ^ue of this product sold fresh, ss compared witibi the catch for 1904 reported by the Bureau of Fisheries, but a decrease in the salted product resulted in a decrease in the total quantity of chinook taksD* The total value, however, increased slightly. The next tabular statement shows the quantity and value of the salmon taken from the different waters of the state. The Sacaramento Birer is the prindpal fishing ground lor safanon. Of the total quantity, 79 par FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. ieeiit was taken from that river. Humboldt Bay and tributaries were next in importance, being credited with 12 per cent of the total catch. Klamath River, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco Bay ranked in the Mdar named as to the qiumtitj taken, but in respect %» ^ihw the catdi from Ifontesey Bmy exceeded that ttom the Klamath River. The lower value per pound the Klamath River catch may be attributed to the cost of shipping the product from Klamath Biver to San Francisco or to other markets. Qnaatity (pondt). Vahie. 7,292,000 1,120,000 336,000 03,000 31,000 •<71,000 412,000 37,000 12,000 8,900 1,700 Striped hass. — In value of the catch striped bass ranked second among the species reported for CaU- frnmia, although lai^er quantities of sardines, sole, cod, barracuda, flounders, and rockfish were caught. The quantity of striped bass reported for 1908 was gp— tui hj 205,000 pounds,
■>. Shrimp sbelb. Sphiylobater., tout. QOHltitv (pounda). 47,477,000 Abalone Abalone shells Clams, hard. . . Clams, soft Mussels Ojaters, market, Ban nrtvate areas Sqidd.r. Wbalebone Oil, whale Oil, sperm 220,000 3,205,000 82,000 35,000 329,000 427,000 1,060,000 197,000 S,M,O0O 58,000 167,000 6,681,000 32,000 825,000 39,000 161,000 682,000 3.600 89,000 13,000 147,009 8,846,000 141,000 78,000 4,638,000 4,900 32,000 1,169,000 124,000 718,000 349,000 1,337,000 1,776,000 10,000 198,000 7,800 «,000 406,000 12,000 671.000 603,000 1,702,000 258,000 721,000 573,000 1,005,000 230,000 « 132,000 < 468,000 08,000 » 729, 000 110,000 38,000 32,000 •13,000 ' 169,000 Value. $1,970,000 1,600 88,000 8,200 400 6,100 4,300 66,000 s,aoo M,000 1,800 4,800 144,000 300 11,000 600 2,600 12,000 300 13,000 aoo 80,000 too 4,«0 460,000 4,200 2,800 30,000 200 300 12,000 1,000 41,000 5,300 42,000 135,000 500 5,400 200 1,500 5,800 400 14,000 14,000 69,000 31,000 1.800 69,000 16,000 5,200 4,500 5,300 1,600 337,000 4,400 1,300 119,000 900 12,000 FBODUCT CAUGHT BT— Offlnets. LlBH. Seines. Paranaella neli. JryBSnen. AU ottMT appatatoM Quantity (poands). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quanti^ (pounds). Value. 1 Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). VakM. 18,427,000 1769,000 8,136,000 1212,000 6,892,000 , 1116,000 4,722,000 187,000 1,218,000 102,000 8,082,000 9m,m 65,000 3,6ia,000 40,000 400 74,000 4,000 165,000 1,200 ......... 562,000 14,000 22,000 2,200 20,000 2,000 35,000 40,000 400 600 289,000 382,000 5,500 3,800 45,000 1,068,000 400 66,000 400 24,000 (*i 200 173,000 3,100 0,298,000 •4,000 29,000 400 526,000 32,000 634,000 39,000 35,000 87,000 1,600 26»000 900 (») 10,000 300 8,500 aio 700 1,800 100 4,600 29,000 900 129,000 460,000 3,600 12,000 38,000 3,629,000 1,100 68,000 122,000 2,200 1,944,000 192,000 2,500 119,000 16,000 1,800 200 7,500 100 238,000 2,100 54,000 3,200 300 7,900 341,000 6,600 3,000 13,000 2,100,000 300 200 87,000 7,200 400 «,000 90,000 0,000 7,682,000 106,000 19,000 86,000 4,900 1,000 600 S,800 411,000 3,200 700 400 200 8,000 (») 83,000 2,400 84,000 870,000 35,000 13,000 4,652,000 2,100 38,000 1,000 500 30,000 204,000 10,000 200 (*) 5,000 500 80,000 1,200 32,000 400 300 (*) 1,143,000 12,000 1,000 124,000 (») 1,000 25,000 200 408,000 243,000 1,316,000 1,700,000 10,000 83,000 28,000 4,000 41,000 121,000 OOO 2, 100 220,000 13,000 lUO, UUU 14,000 800 600 100 100 18,000 1,^ 6,400 200 20,000 2,000 4,100 7,8 100 111,000 3,200 2,000 100 1,300 100 46,666 460,000 1,300 5,600 6,700 200 5,500 240,000 95,000 200 5,500 6,400 7,000 28,000 7,200 200 900 303,000 500,000 7,400 6,700 1 300 300 6,100 («) 200 1,007,000 258.000 721.000 573,000 1,005,000 230,000 « 132,000 « 408,000 88,000 » 729,000 88,600 31.000 1.800 09,000 16,000 6,200 is 387,000 110,000 4.400 38,000 32.000 1,300 119.000 •13.000 1 900 1 160,000 12,000 I Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 729,000 pounds, valued at 8337,0 00; pal ^ ] 04,000 pounds, valued at $132^000; trammel nets, 1,951,000 pounds, valued at I52JM0; turUe and aliilnp ■« 1,235,000 pounds, yaivmiatt9a^juajataM m^ * Lees than 8100. iy^fUHmilam 'tfjNtlMH at 8137,000; whaling t TahMd at 834,000: abakoe ootflt; •1,310 FISHERIES OF THE tFNITED STATES, 1908. J.— CALIFORNIA— PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. M, 800, 000 Bbrkood... Booito Oimker.... CultUS CO*. FkMinders. Hake, silver..... Bmriar. imaekmL. KTngftsh MacWi.chab. Mallet ^Mnpano Redfish. or fathead. Rockfish, fresh Rockfish. salted Sacnmoito pike Sote. Spanish mackerel, fresh. Spanish mackcnl, aiUed . Sqaeteagoe,! bass Striped bass 510.000 32.000 220.000 3,001,000 112,000 82.000 35.000 329.000 427,000 58,000 117.000 2,741.000 32,000 825,000 a»,ooo ■ss 337,000 173,000 3,000 82,000 13.000 2.131,000 8.800 20,000 m,ooo 8,808,000 «,000 Stiu geoti. -., , SorMdi, OP vlTlpwDOt 2,587,000 . 4,900 32,000 1,100.000 n8,ooo 222,000 326,000 23,000 1,326.000 1,776,000 10,000 188,000 iSt 5,700 12,000 564, OW 0,108 44,000 1,097.000 258.000 721,000 1,005.000 230,000 'M^OOO 68,000 •739.000 110,000 38*000 6.600 900 1.600 83,000 3,500 8.200 400 6. 100 4,300 88,888 1.900 3.200 69,000 300 11,000 000 1,700 800 5.100 3,100 aoo 13,000 200 54,000 300 500 4.900 458.000 1,700 16,000 200 300 12.000 41.000 4,400 4,600 700 42,000 135,000 500 5,400 700 68.000 31,000 1,800 87,000 16,000 5,200 4.500 ^888 1,8» 337.000 4,400 1,300 1 oawti. 1 QoantitT tigmnOi). Valna. Vataa. Quanaty (pmnidsji Vatna. Quantity (paunds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pooDda}. |!l8.388.000 8763.000 4.619.000 8111.000 4,794.000 8101,000 1.218.000 862.000 4,000 $100 7.838,000 $591,000 42.000 800 468.000 32,000 5,800 900 55.000 2,552,000 73,000 1 40,000 400 71,000 2,300 4,000 165,000 1,200 500,000 39,000 12,000 1,200 22,000 2,200 20,000 2,000 35,000 40^000 40O OOO : 289. 000 382,000 5.500 3,800 1 45.000 1,818^800 400 56,000 400 29,000 m 900 29.000 !| 400 1 400.000 32.000 634.000 39,000 36,000 900 (•) 8,300 300 8,500 600 700 117,000 312,000 3,200 7,900 102,000 2,000 2,300 (») 1,925,000 81.808 192,000 2,500 96.000 22,000 16,000 1,000 800 200 7,500 U8 87.000 1 173,000 1,000 1 25,000 i 1.800 3,100 100 4,000 234,000 3,100 2. 100 54,000 300 7,900 3.000 13,000 2,064.000 8,800 300 200 53.000 300 59,000 1 1.200 8,000 (») 20,000 83,000 7,651,000 31,000 108,000 86,000 4,900 500 2,800 409,000 1,400 3,200 m 400 200 64,000 863,000 7,200 36,000 18,008 2,482,000 2,100 38,000 300 1,000 808 15,000 294,000 10,000 300 (») 8,888 808 38,000 1,200 32,000 400 300 (•) 1,143,000 498,000 126,000 231,000 13,000 1,311,000 1,739,000 10,000 83,000 12,000 28,000 1,900 3,600 400 41,000 131,000 500 2,100 25,000 200 1,000 («) 13.000 200 73,000 95,000 10,000 14,000 80O 2,200 1,100 300 600 100 20,000 3,000 100 100 16,000 (') 1,500 20,000 2,000 4,100 7,800 100 aoo 111,000 3,200 S,80» M8 1,300 100 300 (') 5,700 1 5,500 240,000 200 5,500 7,666 28,000 200 900 296.000 6,100 7,200 200 37,008 300 7,000 300 300 (») 1,697,000 258,000 721,000 558,000 J, 005.000 2:50,000 •132,000 •488,000 68,000 •729,000 68,000 31,000 1,800 •7,888 16,000 5,200 4,500 %aat l,88i 337,000 ! 1 110,000 4,400 38,000 1,300 at 087,000; pots, 2.255,000 pounds, Tahied at $135,008; tmnnd nets, 1,936,088 ~ 1,235,000 pounds, valned st822,000; aodadaarivpantus, 667,008 FISraSRIES, BY STATES. Table 3.— CALIFORNIA— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908. nsh: Barracuda. Cod, salted. CultUS cod. Flounden. . Mackerel,! Pompano, Rockfish. Sardines. Sea bass.. Skates Sole Tomcod... Crabs, hard... S|gto^loterttet. oa.wiiaii..M 01l.«wai... Quantity (pounds). M^fur.ooo 31,000 3,298,000 50,000 452,000 846,808 24,000 7,200 179,000 2,071,000 12,000 124.000 3,265,000 46,000 460,000 19,000 5,100 15,000 32,000 < 13,000 •160,000 Value. 900 94,000 1,500 10,000 «,500 200 400 6, 100 14,000 400 1,000 60,000 1.300 5,600 8»S08 200 1,900 119,000 900 12,000 Fanosella nets. Seines. QUI nets. All other apparatus.* Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. QuantttT (poonds). ▼aim. Qnaotltr (poonds). 8,817.888 8101,000 4.718.000 887,000 $15,000 38,880 •8,888 844,888 13,000 3,298,000 12,000 72,000 400 94,000 400 2,200 18,808 38,000 365,000 341.008 1,100 7,700 8,500 15,000 808 3,600 100 aoo 7,200 63,000 400 2,400 116,000 3,700 2,071.000 14.000 6,400 IHOOO 3,262,000 46,000 460,000 200 1,000 60,000 1,300 5,600 5,200 ioo »,m 18^8B8 1^988 5,100 aoo 15,000 32,000 • 13.000 •160,000 1,900 119,000 900 12,000 > Kaohitive of the oyster catch of c • laeliides^^waUis, with catch. iriilohiBtaiolcKled under 214/100 pounds. CONNECTICUT. In 1908 Connecticut ranked ninth among the states in the total value of fishery products, while it held first place in respect to the value of the oyster product and third place in respect to the menhaden product. The oyster industry formed by far the most important part of the fisheries of the state, and it was to this industry that the Connecticut fishwies owed thor high rank. The principal fishing grounds are Long Island Sound and the Connecticut River, but com- mercial fishing is also conducted to some extent on the Saugatuck, Housatonic, West, East, Indian, Four Mile, Mystic, and Pawcatuck Rivers, as well as on some jmaxx streams and inlets. A gmeral sum- maiy of the fisheries ci the state for 1906 is gtwea in the fdUowing statement: Number of pao w cnploTed 2, 147 Capital: Veeselfl and boats, including outfit fl, 112,600 Appamtm of oqptiira 84,000 Shore and acceeBOiy p i op er ty and caab. 1, 066, 000 Value of products 2,982,000 Comparison wi(h previous canvasses. — In comparing the number of persons employed in 1908 and the num- bers employed in previous years, shoresnieu are ex- cluded, since the figures reported for shoresmen by the Bureau of Fisheries include those employed in packing and ftimwmg estahfishments and other shore industries connected with the fisheries. The following tabular statement presents a com- parative summary of the principal items of the Con- necticut fisheries for a series of years: TXAB. Per- sons em- ployed, exclu- sive of sbons- TAtUB or xqcmrxNT. WODUCTS. Total Vessels and boats, including outfit. Appa- ratus of cap- ture. QuantttT (pounds). 1,895 2,304 1.865 1.880 %$U 81,196,000 1,077,000 763,000 718,000 81,112,000 1,014,000 698,000 647,000 7n,ooo 884,000 6.3,000 65,000 71,000 106,000 66,942,000 74,973,000 37, 8:12, 000 31,920,000 92,672,000 82,982,000 3.17-1,000 1,799,000 1,500,000 l.H^HS The number of persons, exclusive of shoresmen, employed in the fisheries decreased considerably from 1889 to 1898. In 1905 a relatively large number was returned, but the numbw reported in 1906 did not differ greatly from those for 1902 and 1898. In the report of the Bureau of Fisheries for the year 1898 the decrease from 1889 to 1898 is ascribed principally to the use of better equipment both in vessels and in apparatus of capture. While there has been considerable fluctuation in the quantity of the jnoduct, the yalue increased steadily from 1889 to 1905, after which year a slight deowaae occurred. The total value of equipment, which has been advancing since 1898, was greater in 1908 than in any previous year for which statistics arc avaihible. Persons employed. — The vessel fisheries gave em- ployment directly to one-half of the persons employed in the fisheries of the state, and the majority of these emi^yees wne wage-earners. In tiie shore and boat fisheries, on the other liand, tiie wage-earners formed less than one-tenth of the persons engaged in fisheries of this class. All but two of the shoresmen were reported as connected with the vessel fisheries. FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. The number, salaries, and wages of the persons employed in iim SAmm of tiie sUto in 190S vera as foUows: naaiuia emfloyed: 190S. NoBber. Total. Pro- prie- tors and inde- pend- ent Sala- ried cni- ploy- Wage- eamefs. j TotaL Sala- ries. WlWH. %Ui\ I «t52 ^ 1,162 S544.000 S42,000 * 1802,000 1,077 m 421.000 42,000 379,000 27 8 19 7,00l> 7,600 791 292 no 75 252 19,000 96,000 19,000 prietors not fisbing. ^ t9 tba vatua of WgOOO. nd oOker eapUai. — ^The following tabular ■iMtemeiit gives the description and value of vessels and boats, together with the value of apparatus of cap- >, and the amount of other capital employed for the 190S: Total indoding outfit. Vessels. Outfit.. Other and ! Outfit.! cayral: 1MB. $2,281,000 994,000 973,000 868,000 70S, 000 160,000 1(H,000 71.000 33,000 1,100 22,UUU 17,000 13,000 3,300 3,700 3,200 500 1,500 118,000 76.000 30,000 12,000 500 84,000 34,000 49,000 513,000 572,000 243 227 132 6,502 8»a8« 91 4 16 8 2 1,069 240 139 680 10 1,149 118 60 49 The investment in floating craft and apparatus of capture was $1,196,000, or 52 per cent ot the total capM mvwtod, as eoiiqMved ivith $1,066,000, or 48 per cm%, npcMied for alMra and Mc m ux j property amd cadi capital. The preeminence of the vessel fisheries is indicated by the high value of the vessels engaged in fishing mnd transporting. Of the total investment in 1908, $994,000 repreamtB flie inTeatnieiit in fishing and voMli mmh tiMff ontfit, and $118,000 ihb ja^eatrnwii m boata tnth their cntfii. Including apparatus of capture, the investments were $1,029,000 for vessel fiahoieB and $167,000 for shore and boat fisheries. The number of vessels reported as engaged in fishing and transporting in 1906 waa 243, which is greater by 49 than the total number xeptMrted for 1902. There was a corresponding difference in the value of vessels and their outfit for the two years named, the value in 1908 being greater by $367,000 than in 1902. The investment in apparatus of capture for the shore and boat fisheries exceeded that for the vessel fisheries in 1906, although, as already diown, the capital in- vested in ftiatui^ eraf t and i^paratus of capture to- gether was much greater for the Tsssd fishenisB than for the shore and boat fisheries. The various kinds of apparatus used were distributed between the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries as follows: AfrABASnOVCUlUH.lMa Used in— TotaL Vessel fisheries. Sbora and boat flsholai. 301 301 98 269 171 11 11 16,725 100 1,813 10 14,012 « 76 8 m PniuetB, hy apeeiet. — ^The fishery products of the state are given, by species and by af^iamtos of capture, in Table 1, on page 94. A comparison with the statistics for former years shows, in general, an increase in the total of fishery products, due duefty to the growth of the oyster indus- try. Oysters, menhaden, and lobsters, shown sq»a- rately in the table below, woto the only products with a value forming more than 1 per cent of the total value of all fishery products in 1908. TAuni or ncmvcta. 1906 tm IMS 18M ISBt Total Ovsters Lobster. All otber 13,174,000 $1,700,000 $1,560,000 $1,558,000 3,01,000 S3, 000 84,000 221,000 2,810,000 72,000 56,000 236,000 1,472,000 48,000 41,000 230,000 1,240,000 26,000 84,000 200,000 1,062,000 101,000 M,«0B Prodfietgf hy ebus of Jtskeries—Tahle 2, page 96, shows in detail the products of the shore and boat fisheries, and Table 3, page 96, those of the vessel fisheries, by species and by apparatus of capture. The value of the product for 1908 of the species showing a value of more than $10,000 is given in the tabular statement f (dtlowiiig for aU fisheries, and for the vessel fidieries and the shore and boat fishaka FimSBim, BY STAXm 93 Total. Fish Menhaden Cod Flatfish and flounden. Shad Swordfish Alewives All other Oysters Lobster Whale and oil products. . . Clams Allotha rum or TotaL Vessel $2,982,000 246,000 93,000 27,000 21,000 18,000 15,000 12,000 60,000 2,583,000 84,000 31,000 26,000 12,000 $2,713,000 173,000 91,000 25,000 9,600 14,000 300 33.000 2,484.000 1.5,000 31,000 3,(»0 7,000 Shore and boat $268,000 73,000 2,400 1,500 12,000 18,000 200 12,000 27,000 99,000 69,000 22,000 5,000 Produds, iy apparatiis of capture. — ^The distribution of the total value of products according to the chief kinds of apparatus used is shown in the tabular state- ment below. Each kind of apparatus which is cred- ited with a total catch exceedbig $10,000 in value is given separately. TaM. Dredges, toilfi,«te... Seines Eel and lobster pots. . Pound and trap nets. VALUE or fKODUCTS: 1908. Total. Vcasel fisheries. Sbon and boat fisheries. t2,S82,000 $2,718,000 $208,000 3,614,000 116,000 89,000 43,000 43,000 41.000 20,000 UCSM 2,488,000 94,000 15,000 26,000 42.000 35,000 4.300 1 120,000 22,000 73,000 17,000 1,300 6,600 16,000 Oysters. — From the table giving the comparison of the value of products for various years from 1889 to 1908 it is seen that the high mark of production reached in 1905 was due to the oyster industry, the total value of products other than oysters for that year being less than for 1908. In 1905 the value of the oyster product formed 89 per cent of the total, compared with 87 per cent in 1908, 82 per cent in 1902, 80 per cent in 1898, and 68 per cent in 1889. The statistics of the oyster product for 1908, by aomee of supply, are shown in the fottowing tabular statement: sniD JJI> Mimci. OTSTKB PBODUCT: 1908. Value. Buahela. Percent dMribo- ttSiU Amount. Per cent diatribu- ttai. Total WtOBl pcfVita MMB. ...... lS^g?*ff*f: 3,948,000 100 $2,583,000 100 217,000 3,731,000 5 95 103.000 2,480,000 4 96 1,395,000 35 1,168,000 45 6,300 2,558,000 (') 38 65 4,400 1,1S|,«$S 1,415,000 45 55 311,000 t,M>,«$0 5 80 09,000 1,817.«00 4 61 > Less than 1 per cent. Connecticut was the first of the Northern states to cultivate the oyster suoceasfulty. In localities far- ther to the south warm weather usuaUy prevaUs in the early summer months when the oysters spawn and a ffood "set" usually results, but in Connecticut oyster culture is hazardous because of the uncertainty of the ''set" of the young oyster, an abundant "set" being the exception. Hundreds of t h ousa nd s busheb of shells have been deposited on the private grounds for the purpose of furnishing suitable mate- rial to which diminutive oysters may cling, but in rather more than half of the years this work has been profitless because of the destruction of the "set" by adverse weather conditions. The season of 1908 was considered a prosperom one by the fishmnen, tibs bivalves being Isige and of a superior quality and tiis demand being such as to keep prices at a remunnrar tive figure. The average price of market oysters per bushel was 84 cents and of seed oysters 55 cents. The returns show that a considerable portion of the product was taken by Connecticut fishermen from beds outside of the state, mainly firom Ihe New York ode of Long Island Sound and from the waters of Bhode Island and Massachusetts. A total of 1,270,000 bushels, valued at $1,090,000, was so re- ported. It was distributed as follows: From Rhode Island waters, 720,000 bushels, valued at $590,000; from New York waters, 511,000 bushels, valued at $453,000; and from Massachusetts waters, 40,000 biuhi^, valued at $47,000. Oyster fishing is conducted principally from vessels. In 1908 only about 4 per cent of the value of the total catch was credited to the shore and boat fisheries. Only 3 per cent of the product of the vessel fisheries was taken from the public areas, as compared with about .60 per cent in the case of the sluffie and boat fishmries. Jfynhadm. — In 1908 the menhaden catch of Con- necticut ranked next to the oyster product in value, and was surpassed in value only by the catehes of that species in Virginia, Delawu^, and North Caro- lina. Lobsten.— The value of the yield of lobsters, wUeh ranked third among the fishery products of the state in 1908, was greater than in any previous year for which data are available. It was more than double the value for 1902, and slightly greater than tlio values for 1898 and 1889. The quantity in 1908, however, was only 661,000 pounds, as compared with 1,501,000 pounds in 1889, which repiesmts a deersaae of 66 per crat. Whale and Tdndred products. — The whale and oil products reached higher figures in 1908 than in any previous year for which a canvass was made since 1880, when the value of these products reported amounted to $53,000. The total yield for 1908 included 49,000 gaUons of sperm oil and se»^pliaat oil and 1,700 pounds of wfaidebone. fS^ffiRIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1906. O^ifr produHs. — Among the minor products was shad, the catch of which increased steadily from 1889 to 1905, wImii it was reported as 485,000 pounds, ai 938,000. Ilia eatek in 1908 was eompara- tively small, amounting to otsiy 122,000 poondi, "Valued at $18,000. The entire product d that year was taken from the Connecticut River, with the exception of a small quantity, valued at $700, which was caught in traps in Long Island Sound near the of die ri^cr named. aa ai ew i i ee , carp, erie, perch, pidc- cnl, alidad bsM, and aodkm, aggregating $17,000 a tkaOoaneetwat BiTcr. The total value of the fish obtained from this river was $34,000. The greater part of the smelt were from the Saugatuck River. Many fidi that were formerly numeroua in Conneo- tieut waters are no hHiger ahimdant. Lees than $700 worth of bluefish were caught in 1908, while in 1898 the value of this product was $33,000, and it ranked third in value among the fishery products of the state. The value of the halibut catch, which was $20,000 m 1889, fell to $600 in 1908. In 1898 the Tahie of sea baas taken amounted to $12,000, eonqpaied with 95,400 hi 1906. Taks 1.— OONHBCnCDT— f1 nr FBODUOTS: 1906. Quantity (poaods). 1.025.000 7.900 102,000 7,000 Value. I>,ff3,000 dm Haddock Ibekcnl Menhaden. Pk-k»TPl 111.000 707.000 24.000 179.000 S,MO 122,000 8,636,000 7,600 2.500 25.000 95.000 61.000 122.000 180.000 6,200 Lotacr. Squid Clams. hsT'l. dams, aoti 119.000 4.700 1.800 5,000 661.000 21.000 « 100.000 » 42,000 •44,000 » 9, 718, 000 •1,478,000 16.306.000 >• 7.200 If oasrl shells <> 5.403.000 OU. sea-elephant » 88. ODD Oil, vbale and sperm ■> 280.000 Wm-mtalakbm "1.400 Wkalebone 1.700 12,000 700 4. 100 600 »,m 21.000 900 2.100 8,900 93.000 400 200 800 8.500 5.400 18,000 m 3,000 u,on 4,000 100 100 300 84,000 400 20,000 4,400 1.163,000 99.000 1,317,000 200 5.400 a.fioo 20.000 6.000 7.200 PoQBd ttid tnp Lines. Gill nets. Fyke nets. All other apparatus.' Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds'). Value. On Arffcltw (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. ^uaudtT (pooads). Value. 39,898,000 mo, 000 1,629,000 843,000 1,100,000 841,000 180,000 no, 000 112.000 15,000 34,533,00 n,m,m 858,000 1,000 10,000 100 154,000 000 102,000 1,500 100 4,100 " '5,806' ' "566' 4,500 (') 8,200 500 300 (') 7,400 eoo 200 (') tt,00» 7,«0 508,000 500 15,000 aa,ooo ao,ooo 36,000 62,000 2,»> 1,000 0,000 56,000 800 1,800 OO^flM 81,000 24,000 '"i'/sm 23,000 2,900 900 ■ "eoo' 1,500 179,000 2,100 1 I 27,000 28,316,000 ' 5.400 1,500 4,500 2,700 92,000 300 100 200 6,600 310.000 300 000 66,000 2,800 (») 4,300 (») (') '6,'866' 2,200 1,000 ■••(V)" 200 100 ' 26,666' '666' 95.000 1,000 7,200 8,500 100 900 68,000 5,200 i,io6 100 5,600 5,009 s,m 12,000 1,800 42,000 800 MO 1,100 eoo 200 2,000 107,000 16,000 2,700 * 466 1,500 ■ 1G3.000 3,000 100 6.0OO 300 5,500 300 400 100 100 (•) 1,400 23,000 200 900 240,000 100 15,000 57,000 2,100 62.000 4,700 2.400 100 1.500 1 2,000 100 100 466 2,100 (') 100 900 £m 100 % 100 (') 661,000 "«'i66,'666' * 42,000 •4«,in '9,718,000 •1,478,000 •16,396,000 ••7,sae u 5,400,000 i« 88,000 1*280,000 "1,400 1.700 84,000 " "26;666 5,500 *,m 1,163,000 99,000 1,317,000 5,400 3,600 20,000 6,000 7,200 « 1 1 > Indodes apparatu speaiB, etc, 533,1 * Leas than SIOQ. ■ Leas thaa 100] ws: Dredges, toi It $43,000; firearms, • 6,300 bushels. '1,388,000 busheta. •mjOOO bushels. valued at 32,614,000; " ,600; and minor ap] • 2,342,000 bushels. " 700 bushels, u 90,000 bushels. 1* 12,000 gallm. w 37,000 galh >« 200 skills. FISHERIES, BY STATES. Table 2.— CONNECTICUT— PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. 96 Quantity (pooadf). fatal. Alewlves Bluefish Butterfish OMJjp, OstllMD. Flatfish and floun- ders Hake, silver MMdBKd. X^ W P.. ........... Pickerel Pollack 8cup SOkMOi Shad Shiner Smelt Squetcaguo . Striped bass. gn^w a.... Swordflsh. ItatfoK. Lobster. SoDid. OMIO, Qfiten, market, from pidliie areas OjitMB, market, from private areas Ojgrten, seed , from pub- , aeedf Crampri. Miiniliitiiillii 0,182,000 992,000 7,200 31,000 7,600 42,000 110,000 404,000 49,000 8,300 374,000 7,600 2,500 15,000 3,900 0. 000 122,000 5,5(X) 10,000 106.000 4,700 66,000 2,800 77,000 1,800 1, «ao 544,000 15,000 • a,OBO •36,000 '287,000 •651,000 •nt,«80 M500 "4,863,000 Vahie. tSRS.OOO 12,000 (K)0 1,300 600 1,600 0,000 12,000 500 600 2,400 400 200 400 100 000 18,000 400 1,200 3,900 700 3,000 200 2,800 100 300 60,000 300 17,000 5,400 3,400 38,000 43,000 15,000 (*) 4,700 CM Pound and trap OiUaets. VyteMta. AUottwappa. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pomids). Value. Quantity (pomods). 115,000 Value. Quantity Value. Quantity (poaods). Vataie. Quantity f ■LimiulMl (POOBOSJ. Vahw. 1,107,000 122,000 918,000 117,000 116,000 163,000 86,600 112,000 05,000 6,748,000 1301,000 858,000 300 10,000 (') 120,000 600 31,000 1,200 100 1,300 4,500 (») 8,200 500 300 (•) 6,800 500 7,400 600 200 (») 5,800 0,700 254,000 49,000 2,600 306,000 200 40O 7,000 500 100 900 37,000 1,400 10,000 62,000 3,500 1,900 6,000 56,000 MO i,apo 60,000 200 32,000 1,000 5,700 500 58,000 5,400 1,500 1,400 300 100 2,800 (•) («) (») 6,800 2,200 1,000 (») 200 100 15,000 400 3,900 1,000 7,200 100 100 900 8,000 500 5,600 5,500 8,600 12,000 1,800 42,000 800 400 1,100 600 200 2,000 107,000 16,000 2,700 400 1,500 89,000 1,200 100 3,100 200 5,500 300 400 100 100 («) 1,400 23,000 200 900 2,800 i,'566' 2,000 "i66' 100 22,000 966' 15,000 800 " "i66" i66' ••(■»)••■ 54,000 2,100 466' 2,100 ...... 100 544,000 69,000 •84,000 •41,000 •36,000 '287,000 •651,000 •179,000 ■•500 »4, 863,000 3,400 38,000 4I,«I («) 4,700 1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tooct, etc., 6,141,000 pounds, valued attl26,000; pots, 593,000 pounds, vahied at 373,000; VfiTiniaij ^piioii, ntr . 14,000 pounds, valued at tl«NO. t Less than SIOO. « ^000 bushels. • 6^100 bushels. • 93,000 bushels. >• 100 bushels. FBIHKRIBB OF THE UNFTBD STATES, 1906. Tabu 8.— CONNECTICUT— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908. Alnrint... Butieritak.. Cod Flatfish and I Haddock. Hake, sUrer. Halibut Mackerel.... 57,780,000 Squid Gtams. bard . ams,ia(t.. ■Hrlcet, from pabUe » ■■rket. from private I and, from public am 34,000 71,000 778,000 303,000 24,000 130,000 8,500 114,000 28^3118,000 »,m 91,000 52,000 74,m 237, on 42,000 4,700 1,900 117,000 6,000 « 16,000 «800 •8,400 •9,431.000 '827,000 •14,3U,O0O >• 540, 000 "88,000 U280,000 >* 1,400 1,7«> $2,713,000 300 2,800 25.000 9,600 900 1,600 600 8,200 n,m 8,400 4,800 *s 14,000 1,700 100 100 15,000 100 3.500 100 1.000 1,125,000 56,000 600 3,600 20,000 6,000 7,aw Pound and trap neta. AnotiMrftppntai.1 (pMMdl). VahM. QuaBtitT (pomids). 1 326,000 1 [ 28,290,000 994,000 937,000 335,000 711,000 27,841,000 ^ 32,550,000 34,000 71,000 m,m 300 2,800 200 7,700 772.000 48,000 24.000 25,000 2,000 900 130,000 1,600 8,500 17,000 600 1,000 27,000 as»3f^m 2,700 n,ooo 200 4,0M 4,000 aoo (*) 66,000 4,300 5,S0O 200 91,000 8,400 50,000 4,700 1,100 100 74,000 1,800 237,000 100 14,001 (») 7.500 4.700 300 100 34,000 1,400 700 100 1,200 100 117,000 15,000 0^000 uo i • 16,000 «800 •8,400 • 9,431,000 T 827,000 • 16,217,000 •6,700 i« 540, 000 u 88,000 "280,000 i*l,«0 1,100 3,500 100 1,000 1,125,000 50,000 600 3,600 [ ' laclu with catch, as follows: Dredges, touRs. etc.. ir.O+H.ofK) pounds, valued at $2,488,000; harpoons, spears, ete., at 315^: (Ul nets, 66,000 pounds, valued at 34,300; firearms, 88,000 pounds, valued at $1600; and minor " • M>i bHtakL • 2,317,000 baaMi. • LSf^WtaMt. •700basliela. . pounds, valued at $42,000; pots, IS, 1,400 pounds, valued at 36,000i tt,000 gallons. ^^UO^gallons. }, though rankmg twentj-fiist in the total Exclusive of eight proprietors not fishing. ' T'TiffJiii iw i h liiM Nn ili liml tir tlmr nAmvtttBJM, Orer 70 per cent of the total nmnber in the shore and boat fisheries, and more than one- half of the total number were wage-earners, independ- ent fishermen being relatively not so numerous in this state as in the South Atlantic and the Gulf states. Although the number of persons fishing on their own aeoomit vod not employing any wage-eamos is not ascertainable, yet it is apparooit Uiat of Uie 804 proprietors and independent fidiennea engaged in shore and boat fisheries, one-half or more were independent fishermen. Of the 442 wage-earners in the vessel fisheries, 266, or more than one-half, were employed in the menhaden fisheries. Equipment and o&er Mpital.— The following tabular statement diows the capital xayested in the industry and its distribution, by class of investment, together with the number and t(nmafeof the vessels and the number of the boats: Total y«Mta. inelndliig eotfll. . . , ^HBilng , Steam and motor... Vessels Omflt. SaU Vawto Outfit. , TianspoTting (ariU...... Vessels Outfit Boats Steam and motor Baa. JUm. iipparatus of capture Vessel fisheries Shore and boat fisheries OM«,000 304,000 329.000 277. 000 44. IKK) 52,000 42,000 10,000 $.400 4,000 400 38,000 25,000 3,500 9,500 63,000 24,000 38.000 65 61 12 1,629 1,070 l.tll 49 437 4 702 HO 62 614 More than one-half of the capital was invested in steam vessels. Of the 12 reported, 11, with a total tonnage of 1,136, were employed in menhaden fish- eries, and 1, of 5 tons, in oyster dredging. The total investment in vtads, botili fishing and transporting, aggregated $334,000, the investment in boats $38,000, and the investment in apparatus of capture $63,000. Of the latter, $24,000 pertained to vessel fiisheries and $38,000 to shore and boat fisheries. 76786°— 11 7 The investment in fishinii^ ami transporting vessels and in apparatus of capture for vessels ajjgregated .Soo8,000, of which 93 per cent represents the value of vessels and 7 per cent that of apparatus of capture. In the shore andboat^iMies^investment in boats and apparatus of capture ccnnbined was $77,000, an amomit whidi was about equally divided. The number oi eadi kmd of apparatus used was as foUows: Bow neta 4 Cast nets 5 Dip nets 168 Eel and lobster pots 3, 167 P'yke and hoop nelB 1,806 Gill neta 865 MtLsknit trape 16,461 Pound ncf.-j 9 Seines 261 SpeuB lis Stop nets 15 Turtle nc't.H 13 All of the apparatus enumerated above, except 1 gill net and 23 seines, was used in shore and boat fisheries. IhaductSj by species. — Table 1, on ptige 99, gives the wei^t and i^ue d the fishery product of the state, distributed by species and by apparatus of captuee. The product of the menhaden fisheries was the most important, if measured by market values, for, although the total value of the 03'ster product was greater, one- third of the latter represented seetl oysters and but two-thirds market oysters. In quantity the men- haden ci^ch largely eicoeeded that ot all other fishery products, amounting in net ve^^ to neaily 60,000,000 pounds, compared with about 11,000,000 pounds for all other fishery products. Even if the oyster catch is considered on the basis of gross weight at an average of 80 pounds per bushel, instead of on the basis of con- tained meat, the menhaden catch is still in excess of aU other products in the ratio of appiozhnately 30,000 net tons to 19,000 net Uma, Products, by class of fisheries. — Table 2, on page 99, gives the products of the vessel fisheries, distributed according to apparatus of capture. The vessel fishery products were limited practically to menhaden and oysters. With the exception of the products of the menhaden and oyster fisheries whidi are shown in TaUe 2, and the amall amount of shad and aqueteagoe shown in the same table, all the products givat in Table 1 , on page 99, were reported by the shore and boat fisheries. Of these species, the portions belong- ing to the shore and boat fisheries were as follows: Menhaden, 54,000 pounds, valued at $2,400; shad, 868,000 pounds, valued at $68,000; squeteague, 2,587,000 pounds, vafaied at $29,000; maiiEet oystera from public areas, 159,000 pounds (repranofli^ 23,000 bushels), valued at $8,400; maiiEet oysters from private areas, 28,000 pounds (representing 4,000 bushels), valued at $1, ()()(); and seed oysters from pub- lic areas, 338,000 pounds (representing 48,000 bushels), vahied at $12,000. The total produeta of the shore and boat fisheries in 1908 were 9,002,000 poundi^ having a value of $244,000. Of thc»e producti^ 4,327,000 pounds, having a value of $69,000, were caught with seines ; 1,073,000 pounds, having a vahie of OF THE UN ITKD STATES, 1908. $85,000, with gill nets; and 531,000 pounds, having a value of $23,000, with dredges and tongs, and the re- nainderirilhtksoiliarfbfBiBof appanlns as specified ■iTiAb 1, fi^99. TIm dikf piodoeto of the diore hhI boat t h lw** — were in the order of value: shad, $68,000; squeteaguc, $29,000; muskrats and muskrat skins, $24,000; oystera» $21/X)0i eels, $15,000; and white perch, $14,000. The distribution of the catch by chief pvodbMla and % daas of fi Ac rie a was as IcAms: TutaL. licnhadeo Shad Squeteague Eeb. Perch, white.. Itlf li . Striped bats... Carp. German. All other Orsters and dams. QckteandlotMtcr. TAHB oriKwvcn: 1908. Total. t641.000 Vessel fisheries. S297.00O .Sliorc and boat tUbales. S244.000 328.000 152.000 fiS,000 29,000 U.0OO 14,000 8.400 7,300 7.300 6,700 20,000 170,000 14.000 4,500 M,000 TOO lot). 000 149,000 100 200 147,000 I 179.000 2.400 68.000 29,000 15.000 14.000 8.400 7,300 7,300 6,700 20,000 23.000 14.000 4..T0O 24.000 700 t, by apparatus of capture, — The total vakie of the iihfliy pro dact s was dislriliiited aeeotdlBg to asfdlows: BHD or AFTJLUTVa. Vessel flsberiea. Shore and boat 8M.08e ff07.0O0 .«244.0OO 219,000 170,000 85,000 24.000 14.000 8.400 7.300 8,100 8,400 150.000 147,000 100 69.000 23,000 85,000 24,000 14.000 8.400 7,300 6.100 8,400 The c«tch in seines led in Tahie and constituted ^tenths of all products in qoantitj. The chief species caught in this way were menhaden and sque- teague. The products taken by dredges and tongs consisted almost entirely of oysters. Shad, sturgeon, and striped Immb wete the leading spedee taken with (9 Mil] iritki^SFlBi aad hoop nets. OyHers. — ^The oyster yield was 348,000 bushels, Tahied at $169,000, and contributed 31 per cent of the value of all products. Of the total quantity, 155,000 bushels were market oysters, chiefly from pri- and 193,000 hoMi seed oysten, afanoet ■Uk umm. dirtribo(i 18.000 •877,000 •966,000 < 49,000 149,000 100 200 2. OOO 101,000 41.000 3,600 59,762,000 149,000 1,M0 m 3,000 200 >18.000 •877,000 •068,000 440,000 2,000 101,000 41.000 3.500 Oysters, seed, from public areas Oysters, seed, from private areas '2,600 bushels. > 125,000 bualMls. *138/)00 bushels. « 7,000 bushels. 100 FISHEHIEt) OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Duriiig liie last three decades the fisheries of Florida hK9% gimni atoMBly in Um Ysins oi their iHodoets, ■hI Im imm ikB fliiite held fiflh nak in thb le^t. It has a natural monopoly of the sponge fisheries of the United States, eonitibvted two-thirds, in value, of the mullet product, and was surpassed in the value of its shad product only by Virginia and NorthCaroUna. Florida has the longest coast line^of any state in the Vwmm, mewjMiing ftboot 4S0 nieB mi the Atkntie Oemm sad 875 nAm on the Goif of Mexico. The Atlantic coast is remarkably free from indentation, hot is bordered throughout almost its entire length by sand reefs that inclose long lagoons, sounds, and bays (often misnamed rivers), in which fish abound. The principal fishing gioimds on this coast are the Ukmia^ watets, in geographicftl order: St. Marys, Si. Mow, and Muteaao Bims, Lnke George, Mos- ^■lo Le^n, Indian Bim; Bimijiio B*7, St. Lode River, and Lake Worth. The Gulf coast, like the Atlantic coast, is low, but it is much less regular and is intersected by the estuaries 'of a number of rivers and by numerous bays, sounds, and lagoons. Following the indentations, the western km of Vlandtk hmuim i^^mfzimately 2,810 Kaaify afl of th» An* tiUmg on this coast, the eastern coast, is pursued in the shallow waters shut in from the open sea by keys and lowland spits. The principal indentations along the Gulf coast where commercial fisliing is carried on are the follow- ing: The bays known as Pensacola, Escambia, Choo- St. AaAnmu, and St. Joseph, St. Vincent Apalacfaicoh Bay, St. George's Sound, Wao- cassassee, Clearwater, TaBa|ia, Hillsboro, and Sarasota Bays, Charlotte Harbor, and Gasparilla and San Carlos Bays. Among the rivers the Apalachicola, Withlacoochee, Homosassa, Anclote, and Manatee are the ^imapal fishing grounds. a gensml Miaunary of tibe statirtics <^ the fishii^f industry fd tiie ■tale for 1908: Number of penoM oa^ogFed.. 9, 212 Capital: YeaselB and boats, including outfit. |1, 421, 000 Apparatus of CKfftian 1 326, 000 Shore and accessofy property and caA. 668, 000 Value of products 3, 389, 000 Comparison with previous canvasses. — If the figures are compared with those reported for former years, a steady inisease in the importance of the fishing iiidiiBby 3,288 41 5,883 $1,414,000 $43,000 stl,9n,«00 2,106 105 C735 206 1 74 1 17 11 ir, 2,015 138 3,524 206 540,000 61,000 741,000 72,000 23,000 14,000 5,700 517,000 46,000 736,000 72,000 3,203 8 6,016 990 41 4.985 1,234,000 43,000 1.191,000 1,961 147 i8,743 m 3, 196 to 10 920 17 16 8 1,884 121 2,814 MO 898 627,000 58.000 577,000 72,000 180,000 23,000 14,000 5,700 ^.504,000 44,000 573,000 n,m 180,000 2,298 145 18 2,993 40 14 1 2,283 131 17 710 40 1 13,000 2,600 164,000 300 13.000 2,600 164,000 m FISHERIES, BY STATES. 101 The Gulf coast fisheries employed nearly two-thirds of all the fishermen of tiie state and 93 per cent of those engaged in the vessel fisheries. The fishermen engaged in the shore and boat iish- eiies of the Atlantic coast were to a large extent inde- pendent fishermen, only 710 wage-eamos being employed by the 2,283 persons classed as proprietors and independent fishermen in the returns of these fisheries. On the other hand, a large majority of the fishermen employed in the shore and boat fisheries of the Gulf were wage-earners. Of those engaged in the Atlantic coast fidieries, nearly 94 per cent were in the shcwe and boat fisheries, ^iHxOe cmly 62 per cent of those engitged in the Qulf fisherite beioii^ed to this ckiss. Equipment and other capital. — The following table gives the value of the equipment in vessels, boats, and apparatus of capture and the amount of other capital employed: Total. Vessels, including outfit . . fishing Steam and motor.. Vessels Ou^ SaU , Vessels Outfit , Timsporting Steam and motor.. Vessels... Outfit. SaU Vessels , Outfit Steam and motor. Bail Row Diving Other Aj^ratus of capture Vessel fldmries .Shore and tMOl flabeties. . . Shore and accessory f wper ty. , TALUK or KQVmCENT AHD OtBSB capital: 1908. TotaL $2,410,000 846,000 680,000 20,000 25,000 4.300 fol.OOO 4S7.000 165.000 166,000 78,000 (W.OOO 18.000 8.H. 0(10 47,000 41,000 575,000 280.000 192.000 79.0(X) 22. 0(10 i..m 326,000 64,000 262,000 460,000 200,000 Gulf of Mexico district. $1,884,000 798,000 6*5,000 9,900 9. 100 800 (13.5,000 472,000 163,000 154,000 60,000 54,000 16,000 84,000 44,000 41,000 345,000 112,000 166,000 44,000 22.000 Atlantic coast district. $531,000 195,000 59,000 136,000 347,000 900,000 48,000 36,000 19,000 10.000 3,400 17,000 15,000 1,700 12,000 8,600 (i.COO 2.000 3,800 3.300 500 230,000 167,000 20,000 85,000 1.300 131,000 5.300 126,000 122,000 300 The following table gives the statistics in respect to Uie number and tonnage of the vessels and the number of. tibie boats used in the fisheries: CLASS at OUfT. Vessels, number Fishing, number SteaiBand watot— Namher. Tomage Number Tonnage Transporting, number Steam and motor— Number >v Tonnage Sail- Number Tonnage Boats, number: Steam and motw SaU.:. Row ; Diving T.. other t TCaSRLI AMD BOATK IMS. : Gulf of Atlantic Total. Mexico coast disttiet diatilet. 327 2S8 39 250 221 29 " 12 6 6 125 07 58 238 21.' 23 4,341 292 77 07 10 27 22 5 316 273 43 50 45 5 ^ 518 466 n 919 282 637 1,877 1,0G5 312 3,288 1,468 1,820 112 112 6 The total investment was $2,416,000^ of which §1,884,000, or 78 per cent, was reported from the Gulf coast, and $531,000, or 22 per cent, from the Atlantic coast. Not including the value of shore and accessory property and cash capital, the amomit inyested in the fiahing industry of the state was $1,747,000, compand with an mTestment of $1,296,000 reported by the Bureau of Fidieries in 190K2. The investment in fishing and transporting vessels was $846,000 and in boats .?.57.5,000, making a total invest- ment in floating craft of $1,421,000. Of this amount, $1,143,000, or 80 per cent, pertained to the Gulf fisheries. The investment in apparatus of captine in the shon and boat fisheries of Florida largely exceeded that for the vessel fisheries. The total investment in floating craft was, however, greater for tlio v(vecies reported for the United States. Table 3, on page 108, gives the products of the Atlan- tic coast fisheries of Florida, distributed by species and bgr apparatus of capture. Measured by value of products, the shad fidhfliy was ittllMAtiMitieeoMidisiriel. Att of tiM aIhmI eaicil of the state was in the Atlantic coast waters. The oyster product consisted entirely of market oysters. Prawn was an important item, the yield amounting to 4,152,000 pounds, valued at $84,000, the entire product of the state being reported from this district, ahrimps, om the other hand, were reported from both the Athntk eoMt awl the Gulf third of the tot^ vahie of all products of the fistoies in questibii. Oysters were next in value and sponges third. The total catch of the shore and boat fisheries in the waters tributary to the Atlantic Ocean was 35,776,000 pounds, with a value of $1,244,000, repre- senting 56 per cent in quantity and 51 per omt in yahie oi the shore and boat catdi oi the state. Of the total products of the Atlantic coast fisheries of the state, the shore and boat fisheries were credited with 98 per cent both in quantity and in value. The products of the vessel fisheries for 1908 are presented in detail, by species and by apparatus of capture, in table 5, on page 110. The total catdi <^ the tosooI fisheries <4 Florida was 10,094,000 pounds, valued at $030,000, representing 14 per cent in quantity and 27 per cent in value of all fishery products of the state. In this class of fisheries the sponge product was the largest item in value, and snappers ranked second. The total of these two prod- ucts was $854,000, or 92 per cent of the total vahie ot the pvodnets of aD Wasel fidieries of the state. FISH£tU£S, BY STATES. 103 The sponge and red snapper products of the vessel fisheries of the Gulf coast together had a value of $851,000, or 94 per cent of the total for the fisheries in question. The total catdi of the vessel fisheries in the Atlantic waters was 745,000 pounds, valued at $25,000, which represents 7 per cent in quantity and 3 per cent in value of the total products of the vessel fisheries of the state. Of the total products of the Atiantio fidieries <^ the state, the products ot the vessd fishwies f 248,000 363,000 (•) i') («) 24,000 30,000 (') Si 9,300 12,000 (■) ('^ (») 45,000 21,000 (') 8 12,000 5,500 i 18,000 24,000 4,000 6, sot -The redHsaiapper fishery has increased as flkewA by tha loBowmg «f tha ftsdoet lor a moBber of 7,719,000 8,074,000 5,314,000 4,886,000 4,173,000 3434,000 237,000 in,ooo 155,000 124,000 The increase in both quantity and value of product sinee 1880 is remarkable, while the average value per pound for 1906 refmsenta a great adranoe over that for the earlier jeara shown. Thia fiahery was eonfined ahnost entuiely to the Gulf watcfa, and tha ealdi waa made exclusively with lines. Shad. — The shad lisJiery was by far the most impor- tant of the Atlantic coast district, contributmg 25 per c«it of the value of all products of these waters in 1 908. Shad ranked third in rahie among the fish of the state, representing 9 per emi of the Tafaie of aU prbdueta. Compared with the catch for 1902, wiueh waa 1,819,- 000 pounds, valued at $125,000, the product of 1908 shows an increase of 56 per cent in quantity ^n d of FISHERIES, 166 per cent in value. The value of the products of this fishery has increased remarkably, haviiioj been only $20,000 in 1880 and only $42,000 in 1890. In yalue of the shad catch in 1908 Florida was. surpassed only by Virginia and North Carolina, although in respect to (juantity Maryland and New Jersey ranked ahead of it. The entire catch was made in the ahiMne and boat fisheries with gill nets and seines. Oysters. — In respect to the value of j)roducts the oyster fishery of Florida holds fifth place among the fiaheiieB of the state. The total product in 1908 was 1,067,000 bushels, valued at $290,000, or 9 per cent of the total value of the fishery products of the state. About one-third of the value of the products was reported from the Atlantic coast waters and the remainder from the Gulf waters. The oyster fishery was conducted principally by the shore and boat fish- eries, which reported 97 per cent of the total value of the oystOT {Mroduet. Compared with 1902 ^e I»oduct of Florida shows a docxeaae of 737,000 bushels, or 41 per cent, in quantity, and of $69,000, or 19 par cent, in value. It is noteworthy that this decrease has taken place entirely in the Atlantic coast district, where the value of the oyster catch decreased from $220,000 in 1902 to $109,000 in 1908, while on the Gulf coast there waa an increase from $124,000 in 1902 to $187,000 in 1908. Squeteague. — The squeteague, or sea trout, ranks next to the oyster in respect to value of product. In 1908, 4,864,000 pounds of this fish, having a value of $196,000, were cauglit, as compared with only 2,757,000 pounds, having a value of $73,000, in 1902. About two-thirds of the catch was taken in the Atlantic coast fiaheries, and practically all in the shore and boat fish- BY STATES. 109 eries. The ratcli was made principally vdih. gill nets and seines. Tiie product includes 54,000 pounds reported as sold salted. AOigaipn, — ^Among the important fishery indus- tries of Florida, though the value of the product is comparatively small, is the alligator industry. About three-fourths of all the alligators killed in the United States in 1908 were killed in Florida, tlie product aggregating 51,000 hides, valued $48,000. This rep- resents a large increase over 1902, when only 31,000 hides, valued at $18,000, were secured. No data are given for thk industry in the 1880 report of the Bureau of Fisheries. In the 1890 report it was estimated that not less than 2,500,000 alligators were killed between 1880 and 1890, and it was stated that the numbers had been greatly reduced because of the nonmigratory habits and the remarkably slow growth of the animal, and because of the killing of many alligators before they had reached the reproductive age. The product of the Gulf coast alone in 1890 was 49,000 alligator hides, valued at 835,000, and 84,000 alligator feet, valued at S4,2()0. Xo data were compiled by the Bureau of Fisheries for the Atlantic coast. In 1908 hides valued at .S27,000, or 56 per cent of tlio total value of alligator products, were secured from the Gulf coast rivm, and hides valued at $21,000 from the Atlantic coast riv^ns. Otters. — The otter-skin product of the state ia a substantial one and in 1908 formed more than two- thirds of the otter-skin catch of the entire country. The total for the state was 2,900 skins, having a value of $21,000, compared with 3,300 skins, having a value of $18,000, in 1902. l^us, while the quantity de- creased, the value increased. ilES OF THE UNHED STATES, im Table 1.— FLORIDA— FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. Alfwirw \TTi'- ^T-iL-^h Angel-fi&h Bliiefish Booito Bmm. or sunfish . Buttertsh Cmtflsh 74,087,000 183,380,000 ValoB. Coblk. Cn»ker Drum ' salt-water !, or channel bass. shad. Jurel Ladjflsta Marpue-fish. 1,224,000 38,000 70,000 1,000^000 9.52,000 11,000 1,547,000 16,000 1,481,000 123.000 l,4.i.".,(J<.)i> 94,000 1,426,000 185,000 1,276,000 .^s8.ooo 198,000 81,000 14,000 52,000 343,000 3,500 18,000 135,000 417,000 24,000 109. (KXI 508,000 133,000 35,000 26,000 l.a57.«W 154,000 2,836,000 j i,5n,ooo ' 7,719,000 342,000 r.icd. Snapper, other. Spanish mackerel . . 2, 647, 000 Spot 178,000 Squeteague 4,864,000 SuswlMirT IMM, orcnpiae « 180,000 Btripedbass 9,000 stur- Sturseon. Caviu and seen roe. Whiting, or king- fish. Terrapin Tarties ToftotesheU. .bard CyiMn. market, from Scallope .otur. 62,000 230,000 in^ooo 148,000 62,000 4,353,000 53,000 21,000 163,000 300 622,000 15.000 *m,tm * 7,327,000 •141,000 '400 •254,000 •S.700 5,500 1,600 3,100 a, IN 98,000 45,000 900 50,000 400 54,000 2,800 24,000 2,100 38,000 8,100 34.000 19,000 8,000 4,800 1,100 900 9,000 300 000 15,000 9,600 1,000 1,S00 65,000 6,900 2,800 500 a; 000 I, " 6,600 320,000 38,000 434,000 15,000 122,000 4,200 196,000 7,400 1,000 5,000 aoo 8,600 14,000 17,000 2,900 3,700 92,000 2,600 9,400 II, 000 1,300 545,000 'iZ 12,000 100 48,000 21,000 M CMBnelB. IkHOHlaets. OtaoH. QoaDtitv (ponadi). VabM. Quantity (pouiids). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. v^uantii'y (potmds). Value. 90,808,000 11,133,000 1%747,909 in7,990 30,400,000 9000,000 70^000 $27,000 653,000 823,000 9,001,000 1,224,000 5, SOO 38,000 1,100 467,000 84,000 11,000 10,000 1,600 100 37,000 4,800 000 900 SOO 4,000 100 33,000 TOO 9,900 SM^OOO 1.600 <■'«. 18,000 22,000 000 370,000 485,000 200 1,215,000 11,000 977.000 700 19,000 20,000 (») 38,000 200 27,000 l,.30O 2,300 1,500 14,000 2,200 400 500 1,100 0,800 14,000 218,000 000 1^090 4,900 42,000 200 1,900 1,500 100 13,000 5,700 SOO 52,000 81,000 15,000 514,000 49,000 74,000 86,000 172,000 15,000 600 100 (») 1 m 2,300 100 200,000 10,000 999^990 im 8.700 200 (») 244,000 17,090 («) 71,000 lo.nno 1^1 iKio 100 (») 2,t>00 1,250,000 400 2,500 i.vnnn m.ono 23,000 SOO 100 2,000 («) 90^000 u,m 73,000 841,000 55,000 9,300 11,000 27,000 4,300 3,000 41,000 1,000 100 1,600 100 109,000 7,500 4,100 400 1,900 3,500 4,400 6,900 900 100 1,185,0001 9n.990 72,000 8,000 10,000 3,500 400 990 57,000 14,000 %89t 3,500 1,100 410 ^990 300 32,000 320,000 400 8,400 12,000 24,000 100 500 100 (•) i.4o6 1,900 6,000 86,000 1 52,000 8,800 6.800 : 374,000 1 16,000 ; 16,000 100 200 300 SM^OOO 8,300 800 300 200 49,000 900 1,300 1,990 100 300 («) 11,000 1.117 iii 49,000 288,000 5,700 100,000 120,000 4,600 600 87,990 7,100 4,300 200 1,500 14,000 100 1,500 094,090 10^000 107,000 5,100 15,000 m 61,000 2,600 600 5,100 110,000 15,000 3,900 100 (») 1,000 5,700 1,200 16,000 600 7,000 300 1,200 (*) 8,000 800 2,600 3,900 200 300 22,000 770,000 33,990 78,000 008,000 876,000 400 13,000 1,100 2,500 04,000 18,000 3,000 6,000 100 200 an^ooo U,000 60,000 4,700 85,000 3,400 1,700 100 91^990 i 2,108,000 1 553,000 1,000 256,000 15,000 47,000 3,100 TOO c») • 38,000 7,719,000 56,000 235,000 1,000 85,000 1,200 434,000 4,100 12,000 (') 4,600 82,000 3,200 22,000 900 1 186,666 i 1,248.000 32,000 1,985,000 1,200 ' 9,000 62,000 300 42,000 66,000 38,000 7,500 63,000 1,000 95,000 100 1,000 5,000 90O 1,500 5,500 1,800 76,000 1,146,000 123,000 2,728,000 177,990 1,900 46,000 2,500 04.000 7,990 18,000 19,000 9,500 56,000 700 1,000 200 2,800 800 (•) 5,800 500 12,000 10,000 400 700 2,000 100 37,000 73,000 aSi99 66,000 40,000 1,500 7,300 13^990 1,900 2,600 151,000 32,000 47,990 <;990 5,500 900 xm MO 1,200 100 1,000 (») 8,000 3,200 77,000 15,000 8,000 20,000 3,800 6,100 800 190 900 700 400 1,000 1,800 100 6,800 400 4199^990 81^990 340,000 30,000 9,000 1,000 13,000 6,600 190,000 300 600 2,600 11,000 1,300 10,000 30,000 5,000 700 100 623,000 15,000 •238,000 •7,327,000 •141,000 »400 •264,000 •6,700 M99,O90 545,000 US 3M,«t 12,000 100 48,000 21,000 1.990 !' 1 1 11 1 ' 1 I Indodes apparatus, with eald^ wlMIows: Sponge books and diving apparatus, 622,000 poiuids, valued at $545,000; dredees, tongs, etc., 7,506,000 pounds, valued at SIM.aoO: firearms. 254.0U0 puunds. valued at $4h,ooo: fish traps, 517,000 poimia, valued at 031^00^ otter tian, 6^700 poands, vamed at $21,000; pound nets, 20U)00 pooodf^ Tshjed at $1».0U0-, spears. 1 19,000 pounds, valued at $(i, 100; OMO; tflM MN^ 4(MtioiMk ' at $300: and minor apparatus, 268,000 pounds, valued at $12,000. tbanOlOa *Mg^W91 61X00 hides. • a, t FISHEIIIE8, BY STATES. Table 2.— FLORIDA— FISHERY PRODUCTS OF GULF OF ME.XICO DLSTRICT: 1908. 107 TMal. Fish: Amber-fish . Angel-fish. . Barracuda.. Blade baa.. BHIfllWIl.. ■ . Banito Bream, or sunfish. Butterflsh Catfish Cobia, or i CrevalW Dnun (salt-water), or channel bass Flounders Grouper Grunts TTogflsh Jewftsh Jurel LadyiBsh Margate-fish. Ifoonflsh.... Mullet Mullet roe... Mutton-fiab.. Pompano Porgv, or scup. Porkfish Round robin. . , Sailor's choice. Sardines Sea bass Shad Sheepabead... r,fad. Snapper, other Spanish macicerel. Caviar and sturgeon roe. Whi tog,^or kingfish. Otoabs, hard , Crabs, stone Shrimp Qpiny lobster, or craw* Turtles Tortoise shell. Sponges Concha Clams, hard.. TOTAL. Quantity (pooBds). from Oysters, market public areas Oysters, market, from private areas SMjlopS. 37,506,000 92,120,000 38,000 67,000 44,000 37,000 580,000 11,000 138,000 16,000 246,000 41,000 175,000 fiOS,000 8ti,000 1,231,000 304,000 81,000 14,000 52,000 345,000 3,500 18,000 16,008,000 135,000 41.000 04,000 232,000 133,000 3.5,000 26,000 125,000 22,000 43,000 3,600 473,000 7,610,000 2.32.000 1,419,000 48,000 1.207,000 6,500 200 37,000 160.000 287,000 2,400 62.000 8,000 93,000 3,600 m,ooo 300 622,000 15,000 « 182,000 •3,721,000 •43,000 '400 •130,000 •2,800 Value. 1,000 3,000 3, 100 2,500 2«t,000 900 5.800 400 18,000 1,500 5,300 22,000 3.900 33,000 19,000 4,800 1,100 900 9.000 300 000 459,000 15.000 3, 100 1,000 90,090 0,900 2.800 500 8,000 1,100 1,500 200 17,000 413,900 13,000 71,000 1,600 08,000 200 1,400 14,000 14,000 200 3,700 8,600 1,000 11.000 1.300 545,000 • 1.000 6,800 188,000 4,600 100 27.000 10,000 rmODOCT CAOOHT BT— Offlaals. SabMB. Tnanul nets. Pooadaets. All othCT appa- Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). ; Value. OllATit it V Value. Quantity (ponads). Value. Onanf ft v (pounds) . Value. 1.% 834, 000 $550,000 10,004,000 9584,000 5,708,000 1190,000 702,000 r-— 927,000 205,000 118,000 4,904,090 9290,000 _s 37,000 1,100 30,000 13,000 11,000 11,000 14,000 i.noo 100 2, 100 800 1,100 900 800 1 500 4,000 (') 100 ■ -- 33,000 1,600 20,000 , 700 2,100 100 7,700 14,000 2,090 560 1 MIA 1,000 uo 2.000 202.000 200 12,000 1 4,500 42,000 200 1,000 16,000 1,100 325,000 1 13,000 1 • 200 ' (J) 11.000 400 I i3.666 5,700 tiOO 100 97,000 3.900 2.000 lUO 11,000 2,000 9,000 72,000 217.000 27,000 9,300 11,000 4,200 200 100 400 2,100 7.800 1,100 400 500 200 30,000 2,000 200 (») 132,000 9,200 82,000 0,600 > 32,000 58,000 279,000 35,000 74,000 82,000 15,000 1,100 2,200 10,000 1,500 3,500 4,300 900 32,000 600 23. 000 109.000 7.500 4.100 400 3.000 16,000 100 1,090 1,140.000 281,000 57,000 14,000 8,800 i,300 29,000 14,000 3,400 1,100 400 ioo 7,500 10,000 4 .TOO 400 500 300 32,000 1 400 320.000 1 8,400 12,000 24.000 100 500 ino I r>) 1.400 100 1.900 200 300 (*) ■ 6,000 12,708,000 88,000 300 366,000 8,300 11,000 2,936.000 40,000 000 84,000 7,100 1,500 361,000 (*) 10,000 4,000 41,000 3,990 5,000 110,000 15,000 3,100 100 1,000 5,700 1,200 8,800 179,000 10,000 16.000 300 34,000 000 i..tao 6,900 40,000 4,600 390 4,300 100 7,000 8,000 800 2,600 3.900 200 300 22.000 25,000 22.000 15,000 400 1.000 1,100 600 3,000 6,000 100 200 35.000 1 2,000 58,000 4,600 1.700 100 38,000 3,000 301,000 1,000 200 0,600 700 (*) 130,000 ^690 83,600 3,200 200 C) 7,690,090 48,000 28,000 4»,000 3,800 2,800 131,000 504,000 13,090 708,090 «,100 200 fi..300 36,000 100 44,000 990 200 30.000 868.000 21,000 382,000 1.200 31,000 700 16,000 18.000 19,000 10.000 56,000 700 1,000 200 2,800 5. SOO 500 0,600 390 TOO (*) iR.nnn i too 700 73, aw 383,000 7,300 12,000 18.000 31.000 23,000 700 000 1,600 56,000 11,000 6,500 TOO 1,000 (») 8.000 200 800 (») 2,400 200 690 MO '848.090 •iS 100,900 4,600 100 37,090 M,090 6,800 400 40,000 2,600 900 100 14,000 8,000 38.000 000 8,190 U,000 2,000 124.000 300 000 800 10,000 1.300 1,800 100 4,900 300 822,000 ♦18^090 •8,731,090 •4.3,000 '400 •136.000 •2.800 I apoaratus. with catch, as follows: Sponge hooks and diving apparatus, 622.000 pounds, valued at $.>t5,000; dredges, tongs, etc., 3,773,000 pounds, valued at 0187,000; Unarms, 136,000 pounds, valued at 927/100; otter traps, 2,800 pounds, valued at $10,000; fish ttms, 82,000 pounds, valued at $6,500; speara, 62,000 pounds, valued at I): oast nets, .33,000 pounds, valued at 91|S00; sbrimp nets, 8,000 pounds, valued at $400; tyke nets, 4,000 pounds, valued at $300; dip nets, 2,400 ponnaStTalnod at $200; 1 minor apparatus, 208,000 pounds, vaktad at 07*490. > Less than $100. « 203,000 bushels. • 6,100 bushaia. • • 27,000 hides. * TiMiliwiBa jwarli, Tabwd at tWOi • 632,000 buabataL '50(alloiia. •l,400akiiM. FISHERIES OF THE UNHID STATES, 1906. Table 3.— FLORIDA— FISHERY PRODUCTS OF ATLANTIC COAST DISTRICT: 1908. AUottMT Atowiw. Cobia, or sergeant-fish. CtvnU Hickory Mallet, rickerel l'itfi>h Poinpaoo 36.521,000 1,220,000 1,(B4,000 372,000 S2.000 1,260,000 Value. SI. 269,000 Spot. Squeteajnie Slavbany Uas ami ,fcard , martet. from pul>- ; areas market, from pri- Mm 45.000 4.400 198,000 8,573,000 376,000 3,000 105.000 276,000 1,132,000 110,000 2.833,000 1.098,000 60.000 110,000 1,228.000 130,000 3,657,000 180,000 9,000 »,000 %s Ml,«0 4,iiCooo 18.000 *t,m,m •98,000 •11*,000 '3,80» • 38,000 5,400 56,000 17,000 »,m 1,300 »,000 2,000 100 8,000 177,000 6,500 100 35,000 24,000 5,100 21.000 2,400 2,200 51,000 2,600 133,000 7,m 1,000 4,400 2,700 91,000 8,500 TOO %m 111,000 7,000 21.000 1.900 Quantity 1 (pouDda). Value. Quantity (pounds) Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Q,uantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. 1 (pounds). Valoi. 113,900.000 1574,000 2,743,000 183,000 14, on, 600 1414,000 438,000 319,000 620,000 322,000 4,061,000 058,000 1,220,000 376,000 160,000 1,204,000 198,000 62,000 8,700 71,000 4M,0it 38,000 5,400 fiOO 130,000 (») 6,200 AIM nnn /dyUUU 2,300 229,000 100 lyZfiOyOUU 121,000 40, UUJ 200 26,000 3,100 100 6,700 (•) 18,000 100 2,900 (') 1,400 (') 1V^,(XX) 38,000 37,000 900 200 1,100 200,000 11,000 1,500 100 200,000 30,000 6,000 1,600 2,300 100 J UUU 1 ZSf\M) u,m (») 4UU M 100 («) 3,000 38,000 100 100 1,500 (') 57,000 2,600 4,000 179 mn 8,184,000 52,000 100 VfVW 160,000 800 100 27,000 181,000 280,000 (») 1,100 3,000 4»300 I 193,000 16,000 4,900 600 15,000 300 800 3,000 100 t),800 195,000 204,000 200 25,000 8,800 600 100 3.000 47,000 (') («) 100 3,100 97,000 81,000 751,000 64,000 668,000 746.000 1,500 9,800 1,200 (') 12,000 2,000 64,000 13,000 85,000 3,400 2,164,000 291,000 255,000 5,700 38,666 . 60,000 8,100 207,000 1,000 »t,m 1,200 2,400 200 9,300 (») 4,600 22,000 800 55,000 744,000 1,200 27,000 m. 1,000 4.400 30* 1,M» 46,000 278,000 103,000 2,340,000 177,000 700 15,000 1,700 77,000 7,300 800 (') 7,300 10,000 300 700 9,000 55,000 1 M»ooe 2,000 100 30,000 M^iBO 08,000 1,500 200 1,900 133,000 30,000 5,000 4,106.000 10.000 21,000 4,800 1,200 100 82,000 5,000 500 1,200 100 75,000 240,000 9,000 4,000 1,300 1,800 200 3,200 1,«3» 5,000 100 * 57,000 43,006,000 » 98,000 * 119,000 '3,000 •28,000 0,400 101,000 7,eoo 21,000 11,000 1,900 1 1 with catch, as follows: Dredges, tcmgs, etc., 3,732,000 ~P—» g|iOi ■ ■ —Ji. fttmi «t 3MO0; dtp nets, 90, ~ • 14,000 bodMls. valued at 3117,000; firearms, 119,000 pounds, valued at 321,000; otter tnm, ZJOBO 4* IMM5 and nUnor apparatus OOyOOO pMirfl, vriBrt at IMK » 1,500 skins, s ~ FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tabu 4.— FLORIDA— PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: IMS. 109 spxaxs. Total. Fish: Alewives... Amber-fish. Angel-fish. . Barracuda.. Black bass.. Blueflsh Bniin(sal»>wat«r),or Romideis. Grouper Grants Hickory shad. Bogflsh Jewfldi Jure! Ladyflsh Margate-flsh. Moonflsh Mullet Mullet roe... Mutton-flsh.. Permit Flgflsh. , or scop. Pori Pork Round roUn.. Sailor's choloe. Sardines Sea bass Sbad Sh egpdiie ad Spanish mackerd.. Spot. aDdaturgeou Crabs, hard. Crabs, stone Shrimp and , Spiny lobster, Terrapin Turtles Tortoise sbdl. Sponges Oanelis Clams, hard . Oyslers, naraet, Ikwn public areas Oysters, market, from private areas , Scallops Hides, aUiattor. BUos, otter Oil.1 TCIXAL. QUMltttT (poonds). Valoe. 63,992,000 1,224,000 34,000 09,000 41, (XK) 1,070,000 937,000 8,900 1,547,000 10,000 1,481,000 123,000 1,403,000 94,000 1,427,000 in, 000 205,000 341,000 198,000 79,000 14,000 52,000 345,000 3,500 18,000 24,442,000 135,000 417,000 24,000 109,000 117,000 34,000 25,000 1,257,000 22,000 114,000 2,836,000 1,568,000 341,000 341,000 2,332,000 178,000 4,864,000 180,000 9,m 62,000 200 230,000 107,000 384,000 148,000 62,000 4,353,000 52,000 21,000 74,000 200 136,000 15,000 « 238, 000 » 6, 850, 000 •141,000 '400 •254,000 •5,700 M28,000 32,450,000 5,S00 1,300 3,000 2,800 58,000 44,000 700 50,000 400 54,000 2,S00 23,000 8^ MO 38,000 8,100 9,500 17,000 8,000 4,600 1, 100 900 9,000 300 900 632,000 15,000 9,000 1,000 1,800 Hooo 0,100 2,700 500 32,000 1,100 3,800 320,000 38^000 UbOOO 1S,«00 104,000 4,200 196,000 7,400 1,000 f^OOO 200 14,000 16,000 2,900 3,700 92,400 2,000 9,400 3,600 700 109,000 » 1,000 15,000 274,000 12,000 100 48,000 21,000 1,000 29,483,000 ,31,115,000 PBOOUCT CAUGHT BT- Offl (pounds). Vatoa. 33,000 700 2,500 320,000 13,000 5,700 flOO 52,000 80,000 u,m 513,000 40,000 74,000 86,000 172,000 15,000 1,400 1,900 0,000 •20,752,000 86,000 52,000 8,800 6,800 873; 000 16,000 16,000 328,000 28,000 .2,168,000 560,000 186,000 1, 180,000 32,000 l,08it,000 1,900 9,000 08,000 300 41,000 30,000 38,000 6,800 13,000 6,000 37,000 300 1,600 200 17,000 600 100 m 1,500 2,600 400 15,000 1,900 3,500 4,400 6,900 900 QlMDtitT (poivids). 4,186,000 33,000 1,100 27,000 407,000 83,000 8,700 16,000 280,000 100 1,218,000 i,tn 131,000 100 174,000 234,000 100 200 300 530,000 8,300 800 300 200 40,000 900 1,300 55,000 14,000 8,800 "1,366 11,000 61,000 2,400 600 3^380 03.000 14,000 60,000 1,000 256,000 15,000 7,300 60,000 1,000 96,000 100 1,000 S^OOO 200 1,500 «,800 1,880 7,000 38,000 341,000 232,000 1,000 400 600 2,000 2,800 700 37,000 70^000 340,000 <■)<•>, 000 40,000 5,000 Value. 3165,000 1,300 100 1,9(K) 27,000 4,600 700 000 Quantity (pounds). 20,154,000 l.»4,000 8,700 18,000 3,000 («) 5,300 11,000 3,300 1,100 400 "ioo 22,000 000 370,000 485,000 200 1,215,000 11,000 977,000 71,000 81,000 78,000 611,000 56,000 9,300 11,000 27,000 4,200 32,000 320,000 3,900 100 4,900 1,100 4,700 300 1,300 16,000 4,100 12,000 1,500 7,000 11,000 1,900 2,000 100 11, IKK) 3,117,000 49,000 288,000 5,700 100,000 130,000 4,000 22,000 770,000 22,000 78,000 668,000 876,000 76,000 901,000 123,000 2,718,000 177,000 151,000 32,000 47,000 5>000 4,'id6,'666 10,000 26,000 Value. 3501,000 Trammel nets. Cast nets. All other appa- ratus.' Quantity »^ Quantity (pounds). Kponnds). 792,000 127,000 5,500 ""766" (') 19,000 20,000 (') 38,000 200 27,000 1,300 2,300 1,500 14,000 2,200 400 500 1,100 200 500 4,000 («) 100 653,000 4,500 42,000 200 1,900 i. 1,500 300 23,000 100,000 7,500 («) 500 4,100 400 2,300 100 '"3,666 41,000 1,000 400 8,400 12.000 34,000 100 300 000 87,000 7,100 4,300 200 1,500 14,000 100 400 13,000 1, 100 2,500 64,000 18.000 1,900 31,000 2,500 94,000 7,300 5,500 900 2,000 100 '82,'666 6,000 TOO 1. oOO 301,000 10,000 8>000 3,000 6,000 197,000 16,000 800 1,200 100 aoo 700 *82,'666 'ii'doo 19,000 9,500 80,000 1,000 (») "3,366 ""'766 1,000 200 2,800 (») 85,000 22,000 ""■"866 12,000 10,000 1,200 340,000 30,000 123,000 8,723,000 3537,( 100 100 (*) ■"'i66 1,600 100 9, 100 12,000 218,000 299,000 '244,"666' 72,000 7,500 10,000 5,100 600 3,400 900 4,M) 100 "is,'6oo 7,000 2,000 3,900 1,700 5,800 400 700 100 9,000 1,000 2.000 8,030 77,000 15.000 8,000 19,000 3,800 5, 100 136,000 15,000 •238,000 ■6,850,000 • 141,000 '400 •254,000 •6,700 ••38,000 > Includes apparatus, with catt^ MMoMK Dredges, tongs, etc., 7,029,000 pounds, valued at $295,000: sponge hooks and diving apparatus, 136,000 pounds, valued at 3109,000; firearms, 254,000 pounds, valued at 348,000; fish traps, 517,000 pounds, valued at 325,000; otter traps, 5,700 pounds, valued at 321,000; pound nets. 295,000 pounds, ▼■iaed at 318,000; spears, 115,000 pounds, valued at 35,900; dip neU, 92,000 Poondo, vdnsd at flJOfc dMtaB wMl MOO Btiuls vataei at uSTklm •rrrrrr? nined at 3300; and minor apparatus, 267,000 pounds, valued at 312,000. * Less than $100. • 979,000 buAcio. • 61 JlOO hldH. • Includes pearls, ▼atawd at nOSl • 20,06o budMii. •3i00skiaf. FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Table 5.— FLORIDA— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1906. Baoho. CrevaU* Drum [stt»rwmm),mi Granpcr.... nODOCT CAVO* ST- an Quantity (pounds). arras. > Indudes apparatia.'al «. He.. 477,000 rnimfcl 10,0m, 000 4, MO 1. aoo 3.800 lo.OOO 2, aoo 32.000 J. jOO 1,005,000 i.no 1«,0N i,o« 40^000 2.800 7,378,000 315,000 3,600 19,000 1.100 89,000 200 487,000 3 1.200 * 477,000 itity (VMBds). 200 100 300 1,000 aeo eoo 100 24.000 100 4,200 1«0 418,000 19,000 400 900 100 7,700 700 430,000 100 9,500 500 '14,' 666 1,«0 'i46,'666 "'2,"s66' Valoe. 08,000 Quantity (pounds). 8,581,C 900 100 4,200 100 67,000 "2,'s66 80,000 3,500 "ioo 7,700 4,100 "2,' ioo 1,100 a,ooo 1,1 1,900 ""ioo' 1,800 16,000 1,000 40,000 7,878,000 3,400 8,000 17,000 V'alue. 200 'ioo 200 000 '34*060 a;3ao 100 ■ "ioo" 400 500 100 2,800 418,000 200 400 800 All Quantity (pomids). 1,214,000 700 1,700 240,000 1,100 487,000 M,200 « 477, 000 I and diving appanMMi^ 4 , 3,500 pounds, valWiat *aoobustieU. yj— pwiit, rOmd tWOjOOB; mtom. 246.000 pouiiAl IH^ ma nriBM apfmmtm, 1,800 poonilt, valued at 8100. «8atlD00tNalMif. The liaikery produets of Georgia in 1908 had a ▼aloe of f701,000. Oyirten eontrilmted nearly half of the Tthae of the entire product, ^difle Aad and snapper followed as other leading species. The cipal lishiiifr grounds are the Savannah, the Al- tiunaha. and the Ogeechee Rivers, and the outlying ocean areas. Following is a general summary of the ^■■ber of penou employed 2 525 Capital: Vf-s^el? ami boats, including outfit |169, 000 Apparatus of capture 55, 000 Shan MdaceamypniMtty and CMh 185^000 IMm ^f m ^ tU 711,000 Though this indwtiy b vdMHely 634 29 1,.862 $338,000 $17,000 $320,000 395 7 14 18 363 7 87,000 1,400 201,000 49,000 14,000 73,000 1,400 107,000 40,000 1,813 310 620 11 1,182 310 3.500 I Exclusive of 11 proprietors not fishing. The seven persons employed on transporting ves- sels were connected with vessel fishery interests, while all the shoresmen were connected with the shore and boat fisheries. The comparison therefore shows a total of 2,123 persons for the shore and boat fiiEtoies and of 402 for the vessel fisheries. The intennittent character of much of the employment is manifest from the low average individual wage. Equipment and other capital.— The following table presents statistics in r^guxi to the capital invested in the industry: CLASS or INVESTMENT. XQUWMSNT AND OTHEB CATRAb: 1806. Value. Number. Tonoage. 8406,000 VMsels, including outfit Fishing Steamj^j^. Outfit........... Sail Vessels Outfit TranqMiting (sail) Veaaeis Outfit Boats. steam and motor Sail Row other Apparatus of capture Venel fisheries ttora and boat flsberias.. 90,000 85,000 24,000 20,000 3,700 61,000 59.000 2,000 4,200 4,000 200 79,000 36,000 24,000 19,000 700 55,000 8,100 81,000 188,000 88 86 15 1.301 1,255 153 71 "'2 134 598 2,059 2 1,100 40 Of the total investment, $130,000 was credited to Teasel fishenee and $278,000 to shore and boat fisheries. BY STA'raS. Ill The item showing the largest value is shore and acces- sory property, which was valued at $185,000. Of this amount, $37,000 belonged to vessel fishery interests and $148,000 to those of shore and boat fisheries. Craft of various kinds made up the next largest item, the value exclusive of outfits being $163,000. To this the value of vessels contributed $84,000 and that of boats S79,000. The entire amount of cash capital reported was from the shore and boat lisheries. That none was reported by the vessel fisheries is due partly to thdr close association with canneries tdmse aeoounte carry the items of capital. Sailing vessels wore more important than steam vessels in number, tonnage, and value, but the greater part of the investment in out- fits pertained to steam craft. Steam and motor boats, although less than one-fourth as numerous as sail- boats, exceeded them in average value by more than 50 per emt. The bulk of the apparatus <^ capture was used in shore and boat fisheries, the largest invest- ment being in gill nets. Lines and dredges, tongs, etc., were the only kinds of apparatus reported for the vessel fisheries. The number of the various kinds of apparatus in use in the shore and boat fisheries in 1908 was as follows: Cast nets 838 Fyke and hoop nets 61 Gill nets 982 Pound nets 12 Seines 123 Spean 7 Stop nets 6 Traps, catfish 180 Traps, otter 826 Products, by species. — The quantity and value of the products of the Georgia fisheries are given, by species and by apparatus of capture, in the table on page 1 13. The value of the oyster product formed 48 per cent of tiiat of all products. Shad and red snappers ranked second and third, respectively, in value oi catch. All other species amounted to 2,401,000 pounds, valueil at .S142,0()0. Only three of these — prawn, catfish, and sea bass — appear in (juantities exceeding 200,000 pounds, wliile terrapin was the only one for which a value above $20,000 was reported. The three l«uiing spedes — oysters, shad, and red snappers — ^have contributed the bulk of the increase both in the quantity and in the value of fishery prod- ucts since 1880. although their gain has been rela- tively no greater than that of the less important species. Products, by class of fisheries. — ^The foUowing tabular statement gives the product of vessel fisheries by species. The fish were taken by lines, and the oyster product (amounting to 4,509,000 pounds, valued at $117,000) was taken by dredges, tcmgs, etc. 118 MS] OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. per snapper. market, from public areas. . ■■rket, from private areas . PRODUCTS OF VESSEL nSHEKIKS: 1908. Quantity (pounds). 5,774,000 i,2ai,ooo ItiO.OOO 880,000 225,000 > 1,125,000 •3,384,000 Vahie. $163,000 46,000 2,900 30,000 13,000 37,000 81,000 If the items given in the foregoing tabular state- be dedoetodfiromtlietable on page 113, the latter be oaed m * table of the ahum end boat fisheries. Qroupers and red snappers war© taken solely in the vessel fisheries, and only sea bass and market oysters appear in the catch of both vessel fisheries and shore and boat fisheries. The distribution of the products appearing in both the vessel and the shore and boat ii alHnm m the foBowiqg tabular irtatemnat: PRODUCTS COMMON TO VESSEL nSHERIEa AMD 8HOU AND BOAT rvmuns: 1M8. Qaantity (poonds). Value. a»bMs. 233,000 225,000 8,000 10,053,000 » 3,484,000 » 1,125,000 '2,359,000 « 6, 569, 000 * 3,384,000 •3,18§^008 114,000 13,000 500 334,000 121,000 37,000 »4,000 213,000 81,000 133,000 VflMi Osbnies ^^'^Swi pnMic areas Vessel fisheries ■taB private areas > 498.000 bosheb. * lfil,000 bosheb. » 337,000 busheb. < 938,000 busheb. • 488.000 bndHb. • 455.000 bnshds. Practically all of the sea bass was taken by vessel fisheries. The large factor in the catch of both classes of fisheries was market oysters, of which the vessel fisheries reported 644,000 bushels, valued at $117,000, 9md the Aon and boei fiabem 792,000 bushels, -wtkatd at 9217^ Products, hy appamtus of capture. — As oysters repre- sented the greater part of the weight and value of the Georjria fisher}- product, dredges, tongs, etc., were line leading forms of apparatus of capture. Except for hard clams, valued at $9,000, the entire product taken wA dvedges, tongs, etc., conaiBted of oyateis. All the tekn bf the wkon and boat On the ba^is of weight of catch, lines were next in imponance, with a eateh of 1^10,000 pounds, Talued at $74,000, followed by gill nets with n ratch of 1,721,000 pounds, valued at $213,000. On the bixsis of value of catch, the order is reversed. The total product (rf Geoi^a fidieries, exclusiTe of the catch by dieses and tcmgi, was 4,571,000 pounds, having a* value of $353,000. Of this quantity, lines and gill nets took 3,532,000 pounds, valued at $287,000, and all the remaining varieties of apparatus 1,040,000 pounds, valued at $66,000. Amonj; the products caught by lines the red snapper held first rank, with a weight of 880,000 pounds and a rahie of $30,000. Sea bass and groupofs also stood fa^ in the list. 7bB giU-net capture, all by shore and boat fisheries, was chiefly shad. The principal catch mth seines consisted of prawn, on the basb of quantity, and terrapin, on the basis of value. Oysters. — Oysters were of greater relative impor- tance in 1902 than in either 1890 or 1897, as will be seen by nrfexence to Ubib tabular statement on page 110. Between 1902 and 1908 the oyster industry made large gains, but the increase for that period was not so great as that for the previous five years. The rapid development made during the latter period and the few years preceding was largely the result of the market created by new canneries. Sudi was the growtii that the Commissioner of Fisheries stated in his report for 1902, in regard to Geoiipa, that there was very little doubt that in years to come private oyster culture would have to be resorted to on a large scale in this state if the oyster supply were to be main- tained.^ Private oyster culture had been well started at that time, but no statistics of its extent were pre- sented. The growth of this entefprise is indicated by the table on page 113, which shows that in 1908 the product from the private areas was much larger than that from public areas, amounting to a total of 952,000 bushels, as compared with only 507,000 bushels from the pubhc areas. Except for the results of private cidtuie, the oyster industry apparently woidd have shown a loss im^ead of a gun since 1902, as the product from public areas decreased from 1,224,000 bushels in 1902 to 507,000 bushels in 1908. In considering these figures, however, allowance must be made for the fact that while no returns were made for private areas separately in 1902, a considerable product thereinnn iqppears in the totab for that year. In eadi elass of fisheries in 1 908 oysters from private areas exceeded those from paUb areas boUi in qmat' tity and in value. .387. at th* flwilh Artblir IMS, FmsmW, BY STATES. GEORGIA— FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. US Total. Kh: Ateflrlves... Black bass. CaOsh.. Cnnker. Drum (salt-water), or chan- nel bass Eels Flounders Grouper Hickory shad. Mullet Perch, yellow. Pike Sheepshead.. Snapper, red. Squeteague. . Striped bass.. Sturgeon. Suckers... Sunflsh. . . Whiting.. Crabs, hard Shrimp and j/um . Terraplii. Tiu-tles Clams, hard Oysters, market, from public areas OyateiB, maitet, fhmi private Oysters, seed, frvmpablloi Oysters, seed, fnm pnvstaanas . Skins, otter. TOTAL. Quantitv Vataw. 14,M8,000 1 1701,000 32,000 6,000 38,000 280,000 46,000 1,000 wO 1,200 15,000 1,800 151,000 0,000 7,200 160,000 3,500 8,lil0 400 400 2, WO 200 194,000 14,000 1, 100 233,000 1,333,000 5,400 000 100 14,000 190,000 64,000 880,000 140,000 8,900 3,700 30,000 12,000 800 100,000 3,000 7,100 98,000 7,000 100 300 9,400 ' 196,000 628,000 41.000 1,500 7,500 19,000 21,000 («) '43,000 9,400 ' «3, 484, 000 121,000 •6,569,000 •63,000 '98,000 •700 213,000 1,800 2,800 3,600 raooiicT cAiran bt— Gill nets. 1,721,000 13,000 '35,066 27,066 11,000 ' '5,066 "3,'566 38,000 2,000 1,323,000 28,000 "'i68,'666 100,000 3,000 25,000 Vakw. 8213,000 400 'i,'i66 ■"■966 400 "'366 "266 1,000 100 188,000 1,700 "'8,' 766' 7,000 100 2,500 Lines. 1,810^000 500 2,000 40,000 14,000 132,000 6,000 160,000 800 37,000 880,000 28,000 2,000 3,500 72,000 196,000 Valoau 874,000 100 2,500 000 4,200 400 2,900 200 (») 14,000 2,100 30,000 2,500 200 100 6,900 7,500 Seines. 549,000 5,000 75,000 3,000 ValoB. 838,000 300 2,300 300 425,000 41,000 14,800 21,000 I'ound and trap nets. All other apparatus.' (poniids. itttr iS). VataB. Qoantity v* (poonds). I 15,000 5,500 277,000 814,000 230,000 500 600 1^000 9,000 200 7,000 400 800 («) 4,900 8,100 1,500 400 200 10,472,000 I 8363,000 4,000 600 5,000 4»i00 7,700 ■2,386 (») ■(■*)■ 500 72,000 10,000 500 2,000 1,200 108,000 » 43,000 ♦8,484,000 •6,500,000 •63,000 '98,000 •TOO 2,000 *i;888 100 200 100 9,400 121,000 213,000 1,800 2,800 3,600 I Includes apparatus, wtQifi^ek, "1 at $3,000; stop nets, pounds, valued at SIOO. » Less than $100. •5,400 bushels. 4 vabHdattl, etc., 10,3S7Jn0poaads, atSMfl^OOO; 'aftmOiiyiB » 938,000 bi • 9,000 bostMla. Talued at $7,808; a^OOOpouiids, TBiaedatHDO; » 14.0(X) bush*. • 400sluns. iLLnrois. In fishery products Illinois ranked fifteenth among the states in 1908. The catch of this state included a great variety of species, but the German carp repre- atotedoonalderabfymore than one-third and the prod- iwts of Uie mussd firiieries afamst one-fourth of the total, measured by value of products. The fishing grounds of the state are the Mississippi and Ohio Riv- ers with their tributaries, and Lake Michigan. The following statement is a general summary of the statistics for 1908: Number of penona employed 4, 439 Vessels and boats, incfakUag Otttfit '. . $281, 000 Apparatus of capture 272, 000 Shore and accessory property and cash 295, 000 TaliMofpradncts 1,498,000 Comparison vAih previous canvasses. — During the five years preceding 1908 a great impetus was given the fisheries of Illinok. Hie increase in the catch of German carp and in the quantity of mussel products ot^ained was marked. Many other ^eciea showed 76786°— 11 8 heavy increases and a few i^>ecies were reported for the &st time at ^ census of 1908. Hie inranase WM general throughout all the fisheries of the state. The main statistics for 1908 and for 1899, asvqpoitad by the Bureau of Fisheries, are as follows: TBAB. Persons em- ployed, SSeSL rAivm or CQommr. Total. Vessels and boats. Including outfit. Appara- tus of capture. Quantity (pounds). Value. 1808 4,888 2,sa tM.OOO 88,000 903,000 119,000 74,820,000 20,668,000 tt«4n,fl80 Persons employed, — The following table gives the statistics of the persons employed in the fisheries of Illinois, by district, class of fisheries, and condition of employment. The districts into which the fisheries are grouped are those of the Mississippi River and its tributaries, the Qiao Rtvw and its tributaries, and Lake Miehigan. The district first mmtioned indndea the Illinois River, which furaidied 90 par oeot of the total products for the state. 114 OF THE fmrm) states, i90s. 1 nlMiHaadirege& Pro- 1 prietors and in- depend- ent flslMr- Sala- ried em- ployees. Warn. earn- ers. TotaL Sala- ries. Wages. mu Veaael fisb- TrABspoft- ftll(VMnlB. than and boat fish- eries Sboresmen.. ■Hhi4>pl River dis- Mec 4,439 : > 3,060 15 1,354 1344,000 19,000 i 3335,000 61 7 4.291 80 13 2 3,045 6 42 6 1,237 80 19,000 1,100 293,000 30.000 4,200 15,000 1,100 288,000 30,000 9 4,800 3,811 2,551 15 1,245 319,000 9,000 310,000 » 6 3,716 60 476 6 1 2,544 6 8 5 1,163 60 M 8,700 1.100 284.000 26,000 3,400 4,200 4,500 1,100 279,000 26,000 3,400 Willi 1 aad boat fisberies 9 4.600 Ofafc> River district TnnsportiDg ves- sels 4» 1 475 152 1 419 89 ShoR and boat 56 63 3,400 21,000 3,400 21.000 liBke IGchicain district. Vessel fisheries 41 1 1 100 1 11 7 82 34 18 11 11,000 5,600 4,400 11,000 5,600 4,400 ibore and boat fisheries > EirinslTe of 24 proprietors not fishing. > Indodes provisions furnished to the value of 316,000. The fisheries of the Illinois River gave employment in the aggregate to 2,497 persons, or more than one- kaif of the tot&l number for the state. Of these, 1,504 propnalon aad indqwndtpt fiahMinai, 6 were and 967 wwe wagie-ewmas. mnd other capital. — The distributioik among the three districts of tiie value of equipment and other capital employed in the Illinois fisheries is in the following table: vjsm OF KQtnnmra am OBUB camAL: 1908. TotaL ! Missis- dMriet Ohio Lake Mictai- gaa .. . ■ ujMJm. T«>tal 38«),000 3747,000 319,000 S83.000 ▼•Mb, indudins outfit Wmiag (mam and motor) 47,000 43,000 33.000 9.800 4,600 3,400 2,900 500 I 1.200 234,000 156,000 «0 ss 272.000 23.000 ' 2«,000 21.000 18.000 10,000 7,500 3,300 2,600 2,100 500 700 221,000 148,000 1.200 25.000 25.000 23,000 2,400 vSnb. ooiat 1,200 800 800 Outfit other 400 5,500 1,400 7,500 6,100 400 1,000 1,000 24,000 18.000 6,700 19,000 7,000 Row 64,000 9.100 239.000 5.300 234,000 130,000 135,000 4,100 Other Apparatus of capture 8,900 Vessel fisheries SiMxc and boat fisheries. 8,900 3,400 Tbe number aad tonnage of the veaaels and the of boats npovtod lor 1M8 and tlie diBtribo- tion by districts is given in the following tabular state- ment: Fidiliig — Number... Tonnage... Tiansporting— Number. .. Toimage... other, number. Boats, number. Steam Sail... Bow. am soAiK 1908. fUtaL Missis- sippi River district. IS m 3 23 2 4,222 624 8 3,374 3 18 1 3,678 604 I 2,360 Ohio River district. 1 « 1 472 13 Lake Michi- gan disttict. T m n 8 8 M t The value of apparatus of capture, of floating equip- ment, and that of shore and accessory property, com- bined with cash, each represents about a third of the total inFcatmait. Of the inTestment in shore and aoeeasoiy propwtj, $126,000 pertained to riiore and boat fisheries and $26,000 to vessel fisheries and trans- porting vessels. Of the cash capital, $115,000 was reported by the shore and boat fisheries and $27,000 by the vessel fisheries. The total investment of the shore and boat fisheries was $725,000, and that of Teasd fisheries and transporting veasds was $124,000. Of tiie inrestaMnt in floating equ^tmait ezclusiTe ecies and by apparatus of capture, in Table 1, on page 117. The carp and mussel fisheries ranked far above all of the others in value and together contributed 65 per cent of the total value of the fishing product for the state. Prodiuettf ly juihing ^roufuZt.— Tables 2, 3, and 4, on ps^Bs 11$ and 119 Axm tiw^odiiets,by ^edes and FISHERIES, BY STATES. 116 apparatus of capture, for the Mississippi River, the Ohio River, and the Lake Micliigan districts, respectively. The following table shows the distribution of the value of the chief products for the fishery districts of tbe state: Can, OcmaD. BoflUoflah.... Blaekl Crappie Sunflsh Lake herring, or Cisco . Drum, or sheepshead. Dogfish Lake trout , Perch, yellow Paddleflsh All other , IfosBel shells Poarls and slugs suns, mualcrat and mink. TMlO. 31,436,000 1,032,000 574,000 117,000 96,000 57,000 35,000 31,000 28,000 20,000 18,000 13,000 12,000 12,000 21,000 184,000 170,000 20,000 21,000 6,800 Miasisaippi RiTer district. Ohio River district. Lake lliohtaaa district $1,242,000 S136.000 $58,000 953,000 566,000 113,000 90,000 57,000 34,000 31,000 22,000 5,500 3,800 6,300 100 100 100 58,000 2,600 100 (') 28,000 100 200 13,000 18,000 10,000 17,000 3,900 11,000 17,000 142,000 98,000 20,000 21,000 6,800 (iOO l.GOO 42,000 72,000 8,800 > Lev than 3100. The most important tributar}^ of the Mississippi River is the Ilhnois River. In 1894 the fishery product of the Ilhnois River was about 3,000 tons, valued at $162,000, and formed about one-half of the yield of the Ifississippi River district. In 1899 it formed about two-thiids, amounting to 7,000 tons, valued at $382,000, and in 1908 it formed more than seven-tenths, amounting to 23,000 tons, valued at $860,000. The chief product of the Illinois River is German carp. The carp from tliis river in 1908 formed nearly three-fourths of the carp product for the state, and was valued at $412,000, which is nearly as large as the comlnned value of all the other fishery products of this river. The mussel products of the Illinois River were valued at $139,000, or nearly 58 per cent of the value of the mussel products of the Mississippi River dis- trict, and nearly 40 per cent of the value of the mussel products of the state. The fisheries of tbe CHuo River diirtrict have increased to a ccmsideraUe extent, as is dhown by the fdlowing comparative statement: TBAB. nsHXBT moDOcn or THK (HDO WVES unuuc Quantity (pounds). Value. 1808 7,424,000 380,000 940,000 3136,000 20,000 30,000 1808 1384 Prior to 1908 no mussel product entered into the total for this district. The extent of such products in 1908 accounts almost entirely for the large gains shown for that year, as compared \\'ith the earlier years. Carp, moreover, which in 1908 contributed one-fourth of the value of the fi^ product, formed only a small part <^ the product at eadi 1,176,000 858,000 888,088 { 91,008 828,088 1 91^888 Products, hy doss of ^heriea. — ^Tbe distributicm of the product between the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries by di^ricts is shown in the foUown^ tabular statement: nscnct am CLASS or Total.... Vessel fisheries. Mississippi River district . Lake Michigan district. . . Shore and boat fisheries Mississippi River district. OliioRkerdMciet. nsHKRY products: 1908. QnsBllty. VahM. Per cent dtatii- DUUQB. 74,620,000 100 $1,430,000 100 2.983,000 4 89,000 6 2,484,000 500,000 3 1 1 61.000 1 28,000 4 2 71.036,000 96 1 1,347,000 94 03,536,000 7,4M,«00 877,000 85 10 1 1,181,000 136,000 88,080 82 9 3 The catdi of the shore and boat fisbMriee ctMnprised all but a small portion of the entire state product. The products, by species and apparatus of capture, are given for the vessel fisheries in Table 5, on page 119, and for the shore and boat fisheries in Ta])k' (>. on page 120. The former table also distributes the prod- ucts between the two districts wfaixdi had vessel fish- eries—the MImss^ Shw and the Lake Ifiehigan districts. By deducting the products of the vessel fisheries of the ^lississippi River and Lake Michigan districts, as given in Table 5, on page 119, from the corresponding items for all fishery products of those districts, as given in Tables 2 and 4, respectively, on pages 118 and 119, tbe iqracific products of tbe eliore and boat fisheries of each of these districts can be ascer- tained. All of the products of the Ohio River district, presented in Table 3, belong to the shore and boat fisheries. 116 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Products, hy apparatus of capture. — The distribution by apparatus of capture of the products of chief value for the respective districts is given in the following Iftbular statement: Mississippi dWrfet Ohio Birer " - . - uMncn. Lake aMflW. Saioes. ...... . $1,436,000 $1,242,000 $136,000 $58,000 460,000 355,000 330,000 151,000 56,000 51,000 20.000 12,000 455,000 241,000 319,000 151,000 48,000 200 20,000 9,000 2,000 114,000 12,000 400 7,900 2,800 (') 900 51,000 Lines GUI nets 3,000 Crowfoot dredges, wliich are employed in the mus- sel fisheries, had the largest yield in weight and the second in value, while seines had the largest in value and the second in weight. Fyke nets were third in both weight and value of catch. Products valued at whaat 80 per eni of tli» totel T»liie ci fishery prod- ■ete wen Ukm by these three classes of appantas. Gffl-^et fishiog is practically confined to Lake Michi- gan, where nearly nine-tenths of (be pvodttCt for 1908 was taken in nets of this class. German carp. — The value of the catch of German cup, $574,000, formed 40 per cent of the value of the Him fishery prodttet of the state, and was connder- ably more thui the eombiaed Tahie of aU of the otimr lood firiMB. The eaip takeii weighed 11,000 short tons, or more than one and one-half times the weight of all other food fishes taken in the state. A carp product was reported by every district, but much the kig ae t aoMMmt was taken in the Mississippi River dfatrid. Of the total far thai dMirict, 7,700 tons, ^aknd at $412,000, were taken m the llfinMns Biver. Approximately three-fourths of the carp reported at previous canvasses as caught in the Mississippi River district came from the Illinois River. One-half or more of the growth in the fishery product of the rtaie can be credited to the growth in the catch of tmrp. Ifc 19H hrf e lu, catfiA, and frerfMrakr dram had a hearier and more yaluaUe jiild than eaip, but ■I 18M carp led for the first time. Qmntity (pounds;. Valae. 21,642.000 7,650,000 9,896,000 860,000 $574,000 ITfi.OOO 244.000 21,000 urn The German carp was introduced into the Illinois River as late as 1880. At first it was despised, and when a fish of this species was caught inadvertently it was generally thrown back into the river. These early yeais of unmolested opportunity, given to a fish of flu^ fwmdity and hard&ood, piodu^ large re- sults later. Mneh hoetifity was mantfested toward the carp by sportsmen, and no demand for it as a food, was apparent for some years after its introduction. But the Illinois commission began a vigorous defense of the carp and conducted what was almost a campaign of education, instructing sportsmen in the habits of the cup and fidi dealers in its food rahie. Bedpesfor preparing the flesh for table uae and for making jeUioB and other ddicades were pubhahed, testimony as to the epicurean qualities of these preparations was col- lected and printed, menus containing carp served in various ways at famous hostelries were Uthographed and distrilmted, and statistics of the production and consumption of the fish in other countries were made known. In a idatirdtjr short time fishermori turned their attention to the carp, and as early as 1899 the weight of the carp taken was neaily equal to that of all other food fishes combined. Carp are taken with a great variety of apparatus, although one-half of the catch was wiUi seines. Coil- traiy to the general impression, hnee are efficacious in their captme, and of the oominercial prodnet, 489 no' P) 109 109 989 189 Rock bass i'/m ioo' 100 (') 400 (') 15,000 300 Socfcen 1,500 U 3>888 189 Sunflsh. l^g^M^k.......... 8^88^000 42,000 73,880 tLcasUiaaSloa 119 Tabu 4.— ILLINOIS-FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE MICHIGAN DISTRICT: IMS. PBODUCT CAUGHT BT— Sdnea. Gilloeta. Dip nets. Quantity (poands). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity 'pound,*>. Value. Total 1,176,000 858.000 132,000 12,800 955,000 851.000 85,000 81,809 54,000 8a^3» 120,000 10,000 3,700 M9,000 150,000 27,000 238,000 8,500 13,000 6,100 2,600 200 100 28,000 13,000 600 12,000 300 800 300 115,000 10,000 2,500 200 200 («) 4,400 109 480 m Drum (freslMratcr),ardwepati«ad. 1,300 673,000 148,000 26,000 193,000 2,400 9,300 2,000 W,000 13,000 500 10,000 100 500 100 2,000 1,400 100 100 400 23,000 2,400 1,000 22,000 1,200 3,500 100 (») 709 (') (*) («) 500 24,000 800 (') 1,300 (') Percn, yellow Battan 4.000 100 2,000 100 2,000 100 > IndudoapiMastus, with catch, as follows: Pound nets, 32,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; and lines, 21,000 pounds, valued at $900. Tablb 5.— ILLINOIS— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1M6. than $100. STEQES AND DISTBICT. Total. TWi: Bufflrio fish Carp, Gtonnaa Cn^ipie...... Dogfish Dram (fresh-water), or sbeepshcad . Seli Ldce herring Lake trout Ling, or eelpout. Paddlefish Perch, yellow... Sunnsh. . . . Whitefish. All other.. Frogs Tdiapln. ■ISSWHtppi lUTBr (uSwICt. Fish: Biiflalo flsh Carp, German... Catfish and I ~ Craimie.. Dognsh... Drum (fresh-water), or sbeepshead . Eels Paddlefish AO Frogs. TttnyiB LakaMMi^^Mriet. Lake herring Lake trout Ling, or eelpout. Perch, yellow... Whitefish AUotbar. tona. Quantity (pounds). Value. 2,983,000 $89,000 204,000 1,975,000 121,000 51,000 30.000 13,000 5,000 321,000 119,000 25,000 4,700 27,000 12,000 50,000 6.200 6,800 600 0,000 8,484,000 204,000 1,975,000 121,000 51,000 30,000 13,000 5,000 4,700 12,000 »,000 5,500 600 9,000 800,000 7,500 46,000 3,500 1,400 400 400 200 16,000 10,000 500 100 1,300 400 1,200 300 200 (») 200 61,000 7,500 46,000 3,500 1,400 400 400 200 100 400 1,200 200 % 98,009 nODOCr CATOBT ST— 321.000 119.000 25,000 27,000 6,200 1.889 10,000 500 1,300 300 Sdoes. OiOnats. Fyke Beta. Traauad nets. All other appi^ ratus.1 Quantity (pounds). Value. 1 Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). 2,012,000 $47,000 495,000 828,000 439,000 813.000 33,000 81,000 4,700 173,000 1,632,000 101,000 34,000 4.500 9,700 3,000 6,200 36,000 2,600 900 100 300 300 28,000 323,000 19.000 17,000 25.000 1,100 9,100 800 500 300 4.000 20.000 2,000 600 1,000 1.000 1.000 100 600 100 (») («) 100 2.700 100 1,000 100 321,000 119.000 16,000 10.000 100 («) 25,000 1 500 3,200 100 1,100 (») 400 (') 23,000 1,100 4,000 200 11,000 30,000 300 700 400 19,000 (») 500 400 600 ?^ (') 6,200 1,300 30O 100 2,600 100 2,500 100 400 (*) 600 (») 8,000 2,012,000 200 47,000 200 439,000 (») 13,000 1.400 33,000 (») 1,000 173,000 1,632,000 101,000 34,000 4,500 9,700 3,000 3,200 11,000 30,000 2,600 6,200 36,000 2,600 900 100 .300 200 100 300 700 100 28,000 323,000 19,000 17,000 25,000 2,700 1,000 1,100 400 19,000 2,500 1,100 9, 100 800 500 300 100 100 (') (') 500 100 4,000 20,000 2,000 600 1,000 1,000 1,000 400 400 600 400 100 600 100 (») (') (») 100 i 000 m 8,000 200 300 m 1,400 (») 486^000 28,000 4,100 321,000 119,000 25,000 23,000 6,200 1,889 16.000 10,000 500 1,100 300 189 ioo ••(1)— 4,000 381 I iBSladaoipfi vrioadatl FimKRTm OF THE UNITED STATES, 1906. Tamb 6.— ILLINOIS— products OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. CUUPOn BT— Quantity „ . rnippie • Dogiish Drum (iTKh-water;, •r riiMpsfaead Lake herring. Lake trout Ling, or eelpout. . Faddlefish rtfch. vellow Face and pickerel. ( 532,000 2.838,000 19,067.000 1,922,000 l.»,WO 652.000 26,000 378,000 32.000 2,400 SftS.OOO 211,000 13,000 B,Mr,«w u,«s.ooo Quantity (pounds). 57.000 109.000 529,000 92,000 :1ms 1 and caviar i istorgeoneKS-' Suckers, induding nrallet............. Stmfish 1.664.000 White bass 6,900 Whitefish. •hells.... and slugs. mink muskrat.. 6,600 3«,000 1K,000 3t,w,aoo » 1.900 •17,000 n, 20,000 1.500 13,000 2,500 100 12.000 11,000 1,100 7,iat Value. 220.000 i.a'H.ooo 9,325,000 710,000 157.000 4,200 1412,000 2.1,000 42.000 255.000 32,000 286,000 29,000 300 500 6,800 13,000 8,100 184,000 170,000 6,000 14,000 4,800 i.na M,m 10,000 666,000 2,000 71,000 88,000 8,600 "366 100 « i,aoo 12,000 100 Quantity (poondi). 10,931,000 3318,000 VakM. 100,000 1.12.'5,000 6,568.000 •07,000 83,000 2^266 740,000 i,aoo 9,900 43,000 176.000 38,000 10,000 •,000 Quantity 5,067,000 1150,000 114,000 'm,om 3,155.000 017,000 17^000 m.000 ft VataM. Quantity (poands}. 2.200 '266 3,000 13, 00b 100 29,000 200 2,400 78,000 74,000 240,000 2,800 11.000 21,000 80,000 15,000 5,000 2,100 2,800 300 m 1.100 200 8,000 1,800 4,«00 1,238,000 98,000 62,000 604,000 383,000 16,000 20,000 76,000 6,400 2,800 2,400 122,000 141,000 10.000 3,700 2.400 11,000 100 300 500 400 17.000 3,400 11,000 4,200 36,000 1.400 9,500 200 Value. Quantity (poonda). 056,000 11.000 2.400 17,000 17,000 700 300 2,800 500 (») (') (') 700 300 1,300 GOO ],100 (•) 300 CWi 4G7,000 300 1,800 2,200 500 200 400 1,800 '282,066' 29,000 1,000 169,666 400 100 200 2,900 200 100 3,100 400 Value. $24,000 200 (•) 100 100 (•) («) (') 100 12,666 2,300 (') 8.900 (') (') («) (') 100 («) (') 200 («) (') QuantitT (pounds). 40,001,000 200 800 13,000 5,400 400 500 2,700 100 25,000 2,300 1,000 251666 200 2,200 200 3,500 1,300 34,000 66,000 39,809,000 •1,000 •17,000 VaiMb 100 (»)_ no 300 (•) 'i.'i (') (') «,800 1.700 1S4.000 170,000 0,000 M,000 > Includes apparatus, with catch, as foUows: Crowfoot dredges, etc., 39.800.000 pounds, vaload at . "ds, valued at Sl.SOO: spears, 68.000 pounds, valued at $1,800; pound nets. 32,000pounds. Talnadai •iMo^anim^' ^ *' ™*»««W«»». a«iOOO poondi, valned i^|0,7D0. •Jmbj^hi 100 pounds. IO4KIO pounds, valued at $20,000; dip nets, 35,000 ■"-^ -ad traps, 13,000 pounds, valued at $400; •MOOl •oMoo IHDIAICA. The fisheries of the northern part of Indiana are car- ried on in Lftke Michigan, and those of the southern p«i in Ike Qiio fiiw and Hb tabnUries, the Wabash, White, and oUmt linen. Tlie coEtont ol the indostrjr in this state ia hmify indicated in the f olkiiwing state- ment: Number of fmmm IMjilnjtn! 9M Capital: y«0BBb and lMMiB,iiidadiBg outfit |23,000 .\pparatus of capture 28, 000 Shore and acceeeory pnptKtf and cash 22, 000 223,000 wiA previous canvasses. — A compaiison af tiha wil M inu of thiicenwMwiththfleeofeariigcan- "vnaM allows that there has been a naetion from tiie decrease in the products which was apparent in both fishen- districts of Indiana in 1899. This reaction is due almost entirely to the recent development of the mussel fisheries. The following tabular statement the %iire8 for 1908 with the figures reported 1 Persons employed, exclusive ofdMies- VALVE or KQUmaMT. noDocn. TotaL Vessels and boats, including outfit Appara- tus of capture. Quantity (pounds). VdM. Twfhmy 1908 1899 Lake Michigan dis- trict: 1906 1800 Ohio River dhWot: 1908 1899 1804 972 459 182,000 37,000 823,000 14,000 $28,000 31,000 15,507,000 $223,000 7^000 76 36 50 896 ' 409 ; 880 1 30,000 11,000 18,000 22,000 19,000 23,000 14,000 3,200 7,(»0 9,200 6,800 7,500 16,000 7,800 11,000 13,000 12,000 16,000 622,000 310,000 593,000 14,886,000 951,000 2,606,000 41,000 11,000 16,000 182,000 55,000 124,000 Penons employed. — The statistics of the persons imployed in the fishOTiea of tiie state aie gtrea. in the following tabular statonent. The greater number were independent fishermen. The low average wagee paid to all classes of wage-earners in the Ohio River district and to those employed in the shore and boat fisheries of Lake Michigan indicate the incidental or intermitt^t character of the employment. FISHERIES, BY STATES. 121 MSraiCT AND CLASS. MMom ntunrcD: 1008. Nnmber. Wages. TotaL Proprie- tors and independ- ent fish- ermen. Wage- oameis. TMal 986 >873 113 * $18, 000 Vessel fisheries 7 905 14 3 870 4 95 14 3,400 12,000 2,800 80 49 31 13,000 69 4 906 3 46 4 23 4 82 3,400 7,900 2,100 5,000 824 890 10 824 72 4,400 600 > Exclusive of four proprietors not flll^ic. * Includes provisions furnished to the vune at 81,300. Equipment and other caintal. — The next tabular statement gives Iho value of the investment in the Indiana fisheries, with its distribution between the Lake Micliigan and the Ohio River districts. CLASS OF DrV£STU£NT. TALUX or EQUIPMEMT Ain> OTHEF. capital: 1908. Total. Lake Michi- gan district. Ohio River district. ToUL 874,000 S24,0OO Voesels (flsblnc), IwJnding outfit 7,700 6,700 1,000 16,000 6,800 500 7,200 1,100 28,000 3,200 25,000 18,000 4,900 7,700 6,700 1,000 6,400 4,300 500 600 1,100 16,000 3,200 13,000 16,000 4,800 Outfit 9,200 2,500 Sail Row 6,600 (') 13,000 Other 13,000 1,700 (») * Less than 0100. The statistics of the number and tonnage of vessels and the number of boats are as follows: CLASS or CRAFT. VES. QilBala. 1 wuMi naiB. Quantity (poonda). Valoa. VakMi Quantity (paoBds). Value. ^nan^r Vim. Total 622,000 841,000 285,000 818,000 280,000 $18,000 43.000 $4,700 8,700 27,000 1,300 33,000 400 198,000 190,000 1,700 119,000 35,000 12,000 2,700 1,000 4,500 B,000 100 1,000 100 1,400 100 8,400 9,600 100 7,600 6,300 500 300 100 400 3,500 ifi.ooo 1.300 33,000 400 118.000 5.200 1,100 40,000 16,000 10,000 2,700 100 500 100 1,300 100 4.900 500 (') 2.300 3,200 400 300 200 12.000 (') Carp, German 400 (') 400 (•) glwh,yailBW...... 79.000 124,000 300 66,000 3,700 1,800 3.300 9,200 (») 4,400 400 100 1,900 300 300 13.000 15,000 280 vm (») 1,000 2,800 4,500 48,000 200 400 8,800 1,000 100 0,800 MO 1,100 (*) 1 All fhnn the shore > hening valued at flOOL *Indtadea • liiidooi Mt^aa J*5^ pounds, valuedat 88,100, taken in the vessel fisheries with gill nete. This quantity comprised 3,000 pounda of aC lafca trant. valnad at OOjOOO, ^ ^ > ' UMa,lt^paaDdB,ni«aAatt8400;d4p aalB. 12,000 poonda, Taliiedat8000;andaeina OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. IS4 VU IOWA. In 1906 Iowa held a relattrvfy untmportant place moag the states in "viiiieh cominemal fialmig was car- ried on. It was, however, fourth among the states represented in the fisheries of the Mississippi River aod its tributaries. The Mississippi and Missouri are the waters of chief importance in or border- itg €B tys flteto, and tht eonoMraal fieheika of the state were practical^ c,000 5(),000 |»,000| $38.oro I'.OCO U,000 S29,000 33,000 8,867,000 123,902,000 t21&,000 208,000 US^OOO From 1994 to 1899 there were fairij laige increases in the number of persons employed, the total ralne of equipment, and the value of boats and of apparatus of rapture. Fewer persons were employed in 1908 than in either of the other years for wliich a canvass was made, a fact which was due to the discontinuance of conmereial fisiang along the Skunk, Des Moines, and Big Sioux Rivers and in the lakes reported as ishing grounds in the former yean. The value reported for ajqparatus of capture was lower in 1908 than in 1899. The decrease did not, however, bring the value for 190S as low as that repofted in 1894; nor did it result in a reduction in tha total rAatb of equipment betwwn 1899 and 1908, Iha tcAdency in that direction bein^ mora thHi offset Igr an increase in the rahie . Fj-kn and hoop nets. Pound nets Seines Spears liammelneta Tn^s, otter APPABATUS or CAFTOBK 1S08. Total. Mississippi River district. Missouri River district. 2,4.-1.5 2..3S9 68 403 403 168 1«8 10 120 129 2sr 343 14 748 748 Products, by species. — Tal)le 1, on page 126, shows the fishery products of the state in 1908, by species and by apparatus of capture. Products, hyJishiTig grounds. — Over 95 per cent of the value was from the lifiasissippi River district. The Missouri River products, aggregating 143,000 pounds, of a value of $9,300, are given in Table 2, on page 126, by species and by apparatus of capture; and by de- ducting the specific items from the corres|)onding items in the general state table, the products in detail of the Mussissippi River distriMSt are readily ascertainable. The distribution by districts of the chief products, ranked according to value, is j^ven in the following tabular statement: sPEcnca. TOttf. VUi Carp, German Catfish and bullheads. Buflalo fish Sturgeon and caviar. . . Suckers Black bass Dram, (resh-witer. . . . An other Mussel products Shells. Pg ^md stags. TALVB or nunwcTK imo. TotoL Mississippi River district. Missouri River district. 1315,000 8205,080 30,300 187,000 82,000 33.000 23.000 16,000 6.600 5,600 3,300 15,000 44,000 33,000 11,000 3,380 158,000 57,000 31,000 22,000 16,000 6,600 5,600 5,200 14,000 44,000 33.000 11,000 3,300 9.300 4,800 2,800 1,000 200 100 400 Products, by apparatus of capture. — The following tabular statement shows the distribution of the value of products by waters and according to the kind of apparatos used in making the cateh: TotaL. ael nets Crowfoot dredges F j^ aad hoop nets. Found MtaV. Another VALUE or FRODUCTS: 1908. Total. Mississippi River district. Missouri River dtotriet. 3215,000 8205,000 30,300 68,000 1 46,000 44,000 30,000 12,000 11,000 2,800 64.000 43,000 44,000 28,000 11,000 11,000 2,000 3,300 2,900 l.tlOO 1,500 As shown by the table on page 126, seines were used in the capture of every species of fish proper cau^t in any of the waters of the state, with the exception of eels, and the catch by seines represented 32 per C^t of the total value of all products caught. Trammel nets, with wliich fishery products aggre- gating 21 per cent of the total value for the state were caught, were also eni})love Quan- tity (pounds). Value. Quan- tity (pounds). Value. Quan- tity (pounds). Value. Quan- tity (pounds). Value. 1908... 1899... 1894... 8, S»", nor) 2;i,y(i-',(jO(t 4,oti0,ooa $21.1,0(10 20.S,()(it) 125,000 4.071,0(1(1 .S, .'{i')'.t.(li«> 3,9;i2,0UU on) 110,000 123, OUO 20, Hfi.OOO $41,i»l0 97.000" ;»7,ooo IS, 000 $;!,.'.( >o ■100 t Indbidfls CncB, turtles, and skins. In 1899, 10,000 tons of mussel shells were dredged in the Iowa fishories, while in 1894 only 74 tons were reported. Since 1899, however, the beds appear to have become gradually exhausted, and in 1908 only 2,300 tons were obtained. The value of the mussel product, wliich in 1894 was only §2,100, or less than 2 per cent of the value of the fishery products of the state, was $97,000 in 1899, or nearly 47 per cent of the total of all ^oducts in that year. By 1908 the value of the mussel shells had fallen to $44,000, or 20 per cent of the total value of fishery products. Nevertheless, at the last canvass of the states having fisheries along the Mississippi and its tributaries, only three — ^Vrkansas, lUinois, and Indiana — reported a greater value of mussel-didl product than Iowa. Among the fish^ products of Iowa at that date the value of the product of the mussel-shell industry was exceeded only by that of the carp catch. Other leading products. — The German carp was the leading variety of fish in 1908, the value of tiie catch forming 29 per cent of the total value of products and bong neariy twice as great as the value of the species next in importance — catfish and bullheads. From 1899 to 1908 the carp product increased from I, 039,000 pounds, valued at $23,000, to 2,048,000 pounds, valued at $62,000; that is. the j)roduct neariy doubled in weight and nearly tripled in value. Catfish, bullalo fish, and fresh-water drum were each repcHTted in smaller quantities in 1908 than in 1899, but increases occurred in the quantity and value of the suckers and black bass caught. The cateh <^ sturgeon, however, gained greatly between the two canvasses, increasing from 44,000 pounds, valued at II, 400, to 223,000 pounds, valued at $16,000. F I8 HRRTF » OP THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Table 1.— IOWA— FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. l,Si7,— » « 9**,^ aiW«l^ ^>I1, Ufin POtmifc Wlued at 81,400; and Tni^i^ na "•^"•^ *mtklm. «M$8*te. Tamm S.-IOWA-FISHERY PiM>DUClS MISSOURI RIVER DISTRICT: 1906. TOXAL woDccT CAvaat bt— Yaliie. Tnmmdnets. Fyke and hoop nets. Lines. Qmntity (poonds). Valoe. TakH. Vdue. Qnantitr (pounds). Vitai. Buffalo fish Carp, (i«nnaa I>rum. fraab^iraOHL. 143.000 S9.300 56,000 $3,300 48.000 $2,900 21.000 $1,600 18,000 $1,500 16.000 89.000 27.000 1.400 9,m 1.000 4.800 2,800 100 MO 1 MO 6,000 36.000 7.000 600 5.600 400 700 300 1.900 700 (') 300 0) 5,800 3.1.000 5.000 500 1.300 200 400 400^ 1,900 500 (') 100 ?i 2,600 12,000 6,800 300 200 700 700 0) 1,600 6, 100 8,000 100 400 900 9.iB0 MO KANSAS. The fishintr industrv is not important in Kansas, and commercial fishing in 1908, which was entirely of the dnn tmd boti daas, was confined to the Missouri Wm and to tlie part of the Kansas Hirer near its mouth. Tkb principal statistics FISHERIES, BY STATES. 127 pendent fishermen. The seven wage-earners received, including provisions furnished, the sum of $400. Equipment and other capital. — The value of the equipment and other capital reported for the Kansas fi«Jtf«pwa in 1908, and the number of the various kinds id boats used, are shown in the following tabular statement: GuaB oar nmnrmMT. Total. Boats Steam andi Row other Apparatus of capture Shore and accessory property. Cash ".. ■qamam amd cuRAi.: IMS. Number. Value U » M,300 3.200 1.500 1,500 200 3.900 1,600 600 The total investment in apparatus of capture was $3,900, of iriilch amount $2,900 represented the value of 620 fyke and hoop nets, which were by far the most important forms of apparatus. There were 32 tram- mel nets and 17 seines reported. Products. — The total product, which amounted to 432,000 poun Includes provistcHis furaished to the value of S400. The fishing was done on a small scale, and the pre- vailing type of person engaged in this pursuit was the independent fisherman. All the shoresmen and s large proportion of the other wage-earners were employed in the nwnwi adoatiy. The amall amount paid m wmges indkatee that the wmgb-tttnmB men «i|Pi0Bd in the fisheries only a part of the time. Equipment and otTier capiUd. — ^The value of the equipment and the amoimt of otlMr capital anpkjed are shown below: ▼AMB or aqdiinaaiT AXD OmB CUBAIi: 1908. wum or nrvxanmre. TotaL Ohio Mississippi 929,000 99,400 >oat5 11,000 1 4.500 6,600 21,000 i^OBB 8,300 3,600 4,700 16^000 4,600 2,800 900 1,900 ^400 Motor Row Apparatus of capture Soore and accessory pn^crty. Boats constituted somewhat less than one-third of the total investment and apparatus of capture more than one-half. For the entire state 479 row- boats and 32 motor boats were reported, 399 of the former and 26 of the latter being used in the Ohio Riyer diatrict. Fyke and hoop nets largely pre- dominated among the apparatus of capture, 2,513 being used in the Ohio Riyer district and 767 in the Mississippi River district. Thirty-six seines and one trammel net were reported for the Ohio River dis- trict and four seines and one trammel net for the Mississippi River district. Products, hy speeies.— The products for 1908 were distriboted by species and apparatus of capture as shown in Table 1, on page 129. Thirteen spedee oi fish were reported, besides turtles and mussels. Five of the products together represented more than nine-tenths of the total, both in weight and value. In order of value they were catfish, buffalo fish, mussel products (including shells and pearls), German carp, and fresh-water drum. In 1899 mussels were not reported and the German carp was of minor un- portance, but catfish, buffalo fish, and drum led in the order named, and together contributed nearly 73 per cent of the total product, both in weight and in value. Products, Jyy fishing grounds. — ^Table 2, on page 129, gires in detafl the fisheiy products of the state from the Olno Riyer and its tributaries, and Table 3, on page 130, those from thg Misdssippi Rirer and its tributaries other than the Ohio River. In the Ohio River district the leading species were, in the order of their value, the mussel, catfish, buffalo fish, fresh-water drum, and carp, which together fbnned 91 per cent ) 3,413,000 18,000 1,999 'Less than SIOO. Table 2.— KENTUCKY— FISHERY PRODUCTS OF OHIO RIVER DISTRICT: 1908. Total. rui: Black bass Bream, or sunfisli . Buffalo ftrii Carp, Oermaa.... Catfish , Crappie Drum, fresh-water. Eels Paddlefish Pike perch (wall-eyed pika) , Rock bass Stiugeon, shovelnoee Quantity (pounds). 4,799,000 6,200 2,900 949,000 399,000 373,000 6,800 281,000 100 97,000 6,800 1,400 58,000 4^990 9,419,090 Value. 987,000 600 100 15.000 13,000 17,000 500 14,000 (') 1,000 600 100 2,400 2,100 18,000 1,900 Fyke and hoop nets. Quautlty (pounds). 719,000 1.600 500 216,000 177.000 101,000 1,200 143,000 20,000 4,600 800 10,000 34,000 Value. 934,000 200 (») 9,800 7,900 6,900 100 6,000 700 400 100 500 1,300 Lines. Quantity (pounds). 307,000 2,700 100 70,000 51.000 152,000 100 101,000 100 Value. 1,900 400 19,000 921,000 300 & 2,300 9,300 (') 5.200 («) 100 (') 600 Crowfoot dredges. Quantity (pounds). 3,413,000 3,413,000 Value. 920,000 18,000 1,900 Seines. Quantity (pounds). 1,900 2,300 68,000 59,000 20,000 6,400 96,090 9,000 900 300 39,000 13,000 Value. 912,000 200 100 2,500 2.600 1.100 400 2,400 300 (•) (') 1,300 800 Trammel nets. Quantity (pounds). 1,900 2.000 (») 100 0) than 9100. 130 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1906. Taus 8.~KElfTI7CKT— FKHERT FBODUCTS OF 1II88I88IFPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908. MM. •OUL. 1 .^==== Fjto and hoop nets. Lines. Seines. Tnunmel nets. YilM. QnaatltT (paoBdi). TikM. Qnaotlty (poands). VahM. Quantitr (pounds). ValM. "^Blact bass 625,000 $23,000 402,000 $13,000 201,000 80,400 18,000 two 8»8ao 1,000 1,400 %s 103,000 S,700 74,000 aoo 28.000 1,600 an 100 100 0,000 aiaw 8,800 aoo 1.800 («) 700 100 100 100 780 800 8,880 2.400 l.KX) 3.900 700 100 0) 100 100 100 200 (') 200 300 (•) (») Bream, or suafish. 200 176,000 128,000 N,aeo aoo S3. 000 (') 5,700 4,100 1,100 Um Buflalo fish 8,800 88,808 143,000 60O 19,000 900 aoo •00 7,700 (') 400 (') Catfish 3,000 100 TOO 1,000 ioo 0) 81,000 600 300 600 (') (') s,aoo 100 Jft5*^S*gf^) 600 400 2,000 1,900 100 1 400 100 (») » Less than 1100. lAfDlBIAHA. Of the states borcteriog upon the Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana in 1 908 was second in the extent of her fisheries, ranking next to Florida. In addition to the Gulf fisheries Louisiana has fisheries along the Missis ■W* K?w and its tributaries, chief among which is the Bif«r. A large loeal trade m Sah and oysters hMits center at NewOrleaiM, and thtn aro in addition small wholesale markets for U at Neir Qrieam and Morgan City, and fat ogrsten at Moigan C% and Houma. The following statement presents a summary of the ciMf statistics for the state's fisheries in 1908: Homber of perrons employed 5 795 Oipital: Veaeels and boats, includoif oolit $794, 000 Apparatus of capture 95 qqq Shore and a r e —Mj ft a ynij tad cmk 4^000 Value (rf prodnctB 1, Hi, OOP Comparison with previous canvases. — No irtatiitifB concerning the fisheries of Louisiana for years prarious to 1908 apply to the entire state, but since the value of the product of the Gulf fisheries constituted, in 1908, tt par cent of the total value for the state, the statis- tia ooapOBd at iMninl timss for this branch of the iiatg'a iAfriw i ir | iii M i m hSOf the ^UKrAtpunuA in the •tele as a lAole. The following tabular statement gives a compara- tive summary of the principal statistics of the fisheries of the Gulf district of Louisiana for the canvasses of jyO> 1897, and 1908, and those of the Mississippi ■fw dhlriei of Um atate tot 1899 and 1908: Per- sons em- ployed, exclu- sive of shores- men. VALUE OF EQtJIPMKNT. PRODUCTS. nnne> lint nut. Total. Vessels and boats, includ- ing OOtSt. Appa- ratus of cap- ture. Quantitv (pounds). VahM. OaUefMeiiaB«rtrfet: U08L 4,849 3,719 3,608 1810,000 271,000 294,000 8720,000 230,000 255,000 182,000 32,000 39,000 42,302,000 17,402,000 20,789,000 $1,448,000 714,000 1887 > 1890. Mississippi Mmr 4feh- trlct: 643 79,000 17,000 j 66,000 10,000 13,000 1 7,000 3,803,000 1,942,000 121,000 57,000 324 > The figures are below oonnal, owU^teqaMBBttM. In Louisiana, as in other statas bordering on this body of water, the fisheries of the Gulf of Meizico dioir an increase in recent years in each of the items covered by the tabular statement, with the exception that in 1897, owing to the fact that a quarantine was in force for a large part of the year, fishmg operations were enrt^od and the capital and quantity of product reported wws less Oiaii in 1890. In the Ifississippi River fisheries the amount of capital invested in sqiup- ment increased 365 per cent between 1809 and 1906, and in each of the other items there was an increase of more than 86 per cent. In the Gulf district the gain in quantity of product has been much greater than the gain in vafaie; in the Mississippi River dia- triet quantity has meraased hot very little faster value.' • Persons employed.— The statistics of the penons em- ployed in the Louisiana fisharisi in 1908 are as fol- lows; FISHERIES, BY STATES. 131 tnmm smployed: IWB. Mtaaber. Sateiw and wages. vmmenaanxum. Total Proprie- tors and Inde- pendent men. Sala- ried em- piojws. Wage- earn- ers. Total. Sala- ries. Wages. Total OnlfofMedoodls- Vessel fisheries. Transport ini; Tessas..... Shan and boat 5,795 > 2,963 2 2,8.'J0 $570,000 $1,700 : $568, 000 5,152 2,472 2 ■ 2.678 536,000 1,700 535,000 503 180 4,166 303 643 "2 19 2,381 431 159 1,785 303 152 96,000 51,000 341,000 45,000 33,000 98,000 49,000 341,000 45,000 38,000 2 1,700 JOHW^i River 491 Transportinp vessels 34 1 33 10,000 10,000 Shore and boat 808 480 119 23,000 23,000 > EndnsiTe (rf 73 proprietors not fishing. iprovWoosfun]' - - I furnished to the vataie of 8145,000. The persons employed in the shore and boat fisher- ies, including 244 slioresmen, outnumbered those em- ployed in the vessel fisheries, including 59 shoresmen, the total figures being 5,019 and 562, respectively. The total number employed in transporting vessels was 214. The number of wi^e-eamors was smaller than the number of proprietors and independent fish- ermen. The shore and boat fislieries are credited with 2,871 of the 2,963 proprietors and independent fisher- men actually engaged in fishing, and with 2,148 of the 2,832 employees. In vessel fisheries employees out- numberod proprietors and independrait fishennen, the ratio being about 6 to 1, uid for transporting yessds the ratio was nearly 10 to 1 ; but in shore and boat fisheries proprietors and independent fishermen were more numerous than wage-earners, in the ratio of 4 to 3. The wages and salaries paid equaled 36 per cent of the value of the products. Equifmemi and oAer eapiial. — ^llie fcdlowing table gives statistics of the ci^tal invested in Lonifliana fisheries in 1908: CLASS or onrBsnf XNT. TWal indodlng outfit , steam and motor., Vessels Outfit Vessels Outfit naasporting Steam and motor. Vessels , Outfit ruxnt or uvnnaan akd other CAinu.: 1808. Total. 1,000 VesKis OoMt. Wbm. Boats steam nnjiaator Sail l{ow other Amiaiataa afflvture mora and Moeaory property. Garii...................... 441,000 154,000 63,000 46,000 17,000 91,000 62,000 20,000 288,000 243,000 193,000 50,000 1,100 1,000 100 42,000 354,000 67,000 239,000 47,000 600 85,000 80,000 1,100 Oulfof Mexico $841,000 408,000 154,000 63,000 46,000 17,000 91,000 62,000 20,000 254,000 211,000 168,000 43,000 700 600 100 42,000 321,000 45,000 238,000 38,000 400 82,000 30,000 200 Mississippi Biver $88,000 82,000 32,000 32,000 25,000 7,400 400 400 33,000 22,000 1,000 9,900 100 13,000 9,000 900 In 1908 slightly over half of the investBieni in Loui- siana fisheries, or $479,000, was in shore and boat fisheries. Transporting vessels accounted for $289,000 of the capital, and fishing vessels for $162,000. Of the value of siiore and accessory property, $1,200 per- tained to vessel fisheries, $2,500 to transporting ves- sels, and $35,000 to shore and boat fisheries. Of the cash capital, 1900 was r^orted in connection with the shore and boat fisheries in the MisnsflO]^ River dis- trict, and $200 in connection with transporting ves- sels in the Gulf district. Over 85 per cent of the total capital was invested in craft of various kinds and their outfits. The number and tonnage of vessek and the number of boats were as follows: CUU9S or CBATT. VeadK Nmnber. Tonnage IMdng- Numbcr Tonnage Steam and motor Number. Tonnage Number. Tonnage Tiaosporting— Number. To nnaae Steam Noaber. ToBBage Sail- Number. Tonnage OtlMr.i Hoatfli mmber, Steam aad SaU Bow AHD BOAtS: 1888. Tatal. Gulf of I .Mi.ssLssippl Mexico River districL district. 222 810 u 8,082 1,961 m 188 126 818 •If U 18 206 aos 108 108 774 774 88 84 12 1,188 888 m n m M 1,881 m lagr 8 1 2 n 7 14 n 22 4,4B8 3,846 623 192 116 70 886 876 10 *» 8M 1 "H S The number of the various kinds of apparatus used is shown in the following tabular statameat: ■OID. APPAHATvs or CAnvBK Ma Total. DisUibuted by 1 Distributed by mSSSL Gulf of 1 Mexico dis- ... Missis- sippi River dis- triot. Vessel, fish- 0ri6B. Shore and boat 373 1,142 505 1,026 08 M8 345 758 502 100 ao 100 » 28 384 3 866 3 "240 ! 3 373 1,143 5QS i,oao 56 100 466 3 294 3,803 8 00,770 aoo Dip nets Firearms Fyke and hoop nets Om nets 7 Harpoons, spears, etc Pots, crawfish Pound and trap nets •3 Seines 314 3,803 8 00,770 800 285 48 8 00,770 aoo 29 3,755 20 Shrimp nets Products, by species.— T&hie 1, on page 135, gives statistics for 1908 of the quantity and value of the product of the Louisiana fisheries by species and by apparatus of capture. Forty-one species made up FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. this product. Oysters represented more than one- half its weight and about haK its value. Ranked •ccording to value of product, shrimp, catfish, sque- iMgue, and Hunk ikuw followed, in the order named, tmd togeihet iridk ojaUn aBMmiitod to 39,662,000 pounds, valued at $1,277,000, or 86 per cent of the total weight and 81 per cent of the total value. In 1897 the four species of fish named were in the lead, and contributed about 80 per cent of the total weight and S3 per cent of the total value. Mink skins were Ml rapwied at llie ettiTiw of 1897. /Vrfmf i, iyJUkimf fnufdt. —TMt 2, ob page 136, gives, by species and apparatus of capture, the weight and value of the products of tlie Louisiana fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico. Of the forty-odd species taken in Louisiana fisheries, 27 were reported exclusively from the Gulf of Mexico district. The value of the entire pradnd of tlw dBatriet waa $1,448,000, while the WhM nported for theae 27 apeeiea mm $1,115,000. AMQg the latta> the oysters, aa woold ba caq»aeted, were the most important, having a value of $763,000. The next in value of the products reported only for the Gulf fisheries were squeteague and mink skins, valued at $82,000 and $77,000, respectively; while other im- ft a nt p rod ueta van aalfr-watar drum (channel bass) , cnaken, aofi cniM» and tmpm, vaiiiad a* $39,000, tK^OOO, $21,000, ami $21,000, respectively. The product reported by the fisheries of the Missis- sippi River and its tributaries, all of which are of the shore and boat class, had about one-eleventh the weight and one-twelfth the value of that reported for 1km CNdf dialog Tha dirttOmtioB of tlie products «f Ikan iifcma ia dmm m Table 3, <« page 136. Fifteen flpactea eomprised the river product, fiye of wiiich — carp, crappie, eels, pike perch (wall-eyed), and suckers — were not found in the Gulf product. Catfish, buffalo fish, and shrimp, in the order named, were the most valuable species in the products of this district, ftmiaiiiiiR a ItllB mora tbaa re than three and one-half ttmea ae laige as in 1897 and about four and one-half times as lai^e as in 1890, the value of the product increased only 76 per cent in the former period and lo4 per cent in the latter. Oysters were reported only from the Gulf district. Here the Am and boat fisheries took 2,763,000 bush- ife, yahied at 9617,000, and the Teesd fisheries 888,000 Imshels, valued at $1 46,000. While the " relaying" of oysters in salt water in order to improve their flavor was quite extensive in 18S0, accordinj; to the Geographical Review of the Fisheries,' verv little oyster planting was done at that date. Altliough the planting seems to haTereachedaeoandwabie extent bj 1897, the fiistcol- ieeled data an those of the p ween t comus. In 1908 over one-thinl of the market ojrstets came from pri- vate areas. As the price of oysters from private areas, owing to their superior flavor, is much higlier than that of oysters from public areas, the product from the fmrmer areas, though much smaller in quantity, was ■eariy as vahiable as the produet from the latter. In the case of seed oyeten conditions mm revefsed, the jield of the puhBc areas, which fonaed waify about six- sevenths of the quantity of seed ojrtMS, fripffnwuliint thirteen-fourteenths of the value. The practice of relaying mature oysters to improve. Ihcir flavor probably accounts in part for the high amnee priee of the seed oysters taken from the public areas in the shore and boat fidieries, as oompared witii the price of the seed oystm in the same daae of fish- «ies taken from private areas. :>hrimp. — \inety-six per cent of the shrimp taken and 88 per cent of their value were credited to the shore ami boat fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico district. Of the ■ em si n iii fe {mdiiet, the fieherim of the Ifississippi River and its tributaries furnished a fit^ more than two-fifths of the weight and nearij two-thirds of the value. The growth in the shrimp product within the period for which statistics are available has been very irr^ular, as is shown in the following tabular state- 'The Fisheries and Fiabery InduaUiea of the United States, sec- Quontity (pomda). Value. 1908 8,581,000 4,487,000 6,662,000 534,000 t213,000 81.000 91,000 42,000 1897 1890 ' 1880 " Cafjish. — In order of value catfish ranked third in the state as a whole and in the Gulf district, and first in the Mississippi River district, when it contributed 39 percratolthequantity and 45 per cent of the value of the entire product. More than one-third of the value of the entire catfish haul came from the Missis- sippi River fisheries, and with the exception of a very small quantity reported by vessel fisheries all of the remainder was from the shore and boat fisheries of the Ckdf. The species has shared in the general increase shown hy the products of the Louiaaana fisheries. In 1880 it was not reported separately, but was included in ''Other species;" in 1897 the yield was 1,950,000 pounds, valued at $47,000; and in 190S the product was more than twice as large and more than three times as valuable. SguOeaffue, or tea irmU.—Thia spedm was taken only in the Gulf district, 92 per cent of the quantity and 94 per cent of the value being reported by the shore and boat fishermen. The weight of the catch taken has nearly doubled, and its value has trebled since 1897. In 1880 the squeteague was included under the head of "Other species." B»/s2o/aX.— Buffalo fish, like catfish, were taken but little in vessel fishraies. In 1908 they ranked third among the fishery products of the state and second among the products of the Missi.ssippi River district. Over half of the weight of the butfalo-fish catch was reported by the Mississippi River district, but the Gulf shore and boat catch, less by about 40,000 pounds, had a greater value. In 1880 buffab> fish were included under the head of "Other speoim," and in 1897 thej furnished a product which had only about one-eighth of the weight and one-tenth of the value of that of 1908. Minic skins. — This product, which ranked fifth with respect to value at the census of 1908, was not reported at prior canvasses. FISHERIES, BY STATES. Table 1 .— LOUISIAXA-FISIIERY PIIODUCTS: 1908. 186 Total. nsh: Black bass iiluefish . Bream, or suniish. BoflUoflih. Clip. CaUA CnpptB. CmvaM fttwto r. Drum (satb-waittt),t^Ma- nelbass,orndiIsk. Flounders Mullet Paddlefish Cm*». Psmpano Skeepshead ^^ish mackerel. SQneteague, or sea txout. SodBHk YOkmttSl All odiar Frogs Crai)s, hard. Crabs, soft. . CnnrtWi .Shrimp Terrapin................... Turtles Oysters, market, from public Oysters, market, from pri- vate areas Oysters, seed from public areas Oysters, seed, from private ~- .... I'MIWinaiBB.. Hides, alligator Skins, mink '. Skins, muskrat Slcins, otter tanu Quantity (poandB). Value. 4,aoo 12,000 3,300 100 2,200 50,000 1,000 4,405,000 9(>,000 24,000 309,000 846,000 143,000 6,400 1,400 28,000 16,000 71fi,000 71,000 133,000 132,000 39,000 6,000 5,fi00 5,000 5,500 1,100 249,000 4,900 4,400 100 18,000 500 1,103,000 5,000 64,000 152,000 82,000 100 3,200 5,100 38,000 244,000 78,000 88,000 4, rm 7, MX! 21,000 8,000 8,581,000 41,000 215,000 100 213,000 21,000 7,800 M3, 363, 000 341,000 * 7,399,000 SM.O0O M,091,000 ai;mo •TOOiOOO 200 6,200 (') ' 110,000 * 20, 000 •40,000 » 1,100 11,000 77,000 16,000 4,700 PM»UCT C/LVOBX BT— Huff, Fyksaod boop neta. OanelB. ratoe.* <|iiaiititT (poonds). Value. Quantity (pooods). Value. Quantity (poonda). Value. Qnaotity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Vain. I2,4»),000 1400,000 5,329,000 8203,000 1,758,000 832,000 71,000 85,800 24,000 8900 26,427,000 8028,000 1 1 Q 7m Km 30,000 2,700 21,000 1,226,000 10,000 442,000 7.(XK) 100 1,200 29,000 800 14,000 400 2").'?.non potinds. valued at 5703,000: mink, maskrat. and otter traps. r,0.000 pou shrimp nets. 2:«,0'^t pounds, valued at I19,0(X); dip nets, U,7.mi pounds, valued ;it .<13,0(I0; firearms, 101,000 pounds, valued at 89,900: crawfish pota, U at 82,900: pound and trap nets, pounds, valued at 880U; cast nets. 4.2(H) pounds, valued at 8200; and minor apparatus, 191,000 i>ounds, valued at I « I^s than $100. » .';s4.000 bushels. » 39,000 skins. » 1,909,000 bushels. • 100,000 bushels. » 119,000 skins. *ijaajan\mMk. 'ajmtoim. »( FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Tablk 2.— LOUISIANA— fishery PRODUCTS OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908. Brram, or sunfish. . Ajgtofish. CTfran* Croaker Dmm, fresh- water. . Prum ( salt-water ^ cbannel bass, or icdfish Fkmndcis Bheepshead. 1 mackerel... ae, or sea Shrimp . Terrapin Tartles Omds, bard. paMic areas Oysters, market, from private areas Ojxttrs. seed, (ram pub- Be areas Oysters, seed, Immtt^ ▼ate arras Periwinkles Hides, alli^tor. Skin':, inink. . . . Skins, muskrat. Skins, otter Value. SI. 448.000 12.000 2.800 .35.000 . 1,203^000 1,100 100 1 900 28i600 fla.nnn mooo 386,000 28,000 6,900 HH.OOO 71,000 39.000 6,000 131,000 43,000 1,100 249,000 5,000 1,400 100 18,000 4,900 500 AS 03,000 0,300 4,300 38.000 244,000 78,000 TV, 000 4,500 7.800 21.000 2,000 8,415.000 41,000 211,000 100 196.000 21,000 7,700 (») >13,363,000 341,000 « 7,399,000 334,000 '4,091,000 82,000 • 700,000 200 6,200 («) ' 110.000 •30.000 •40,000 » 1,110 11,000 77.000 16.000 4,100 1 SeiMS. Fyke and hoop TnauBdnets. GIB seta. 1 Quantity (pamida). Value. QnanUty (poonds). Vataw. Qumttty (pooads) Value. Quantity (pounds) Value. ( Jiiatit it V L4uiJ L I i V (pounds) Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. 12,114,000 oaM,ooo 3,592.000 296,000 07,800 n,ooo 35,800 26,210,000 1000,000 8,800 2,800 1 21,000 1,022,000 382,000 5,100 299,000 116,000 1 538.000 16,000 106.000 27.000 l.KJO 1 185,000 800 100 1,200 23,000 11,000 100 18.000 3,600 27,000 1,100 3,900 500 100 12,000 3,700 300 1 is. 666 254.000 2,343,000 19,000 106,000 102,000 156,000 38,000 20,000 21.000 700 4,400 n,ooo 1,300 9.000 2,500 11.000 3,500 1.400 800 '"i7,'666' 232,000 ""366" 0,700 .......... 1,000 100 (*) 1,100 0, 4UU 100 1,700 (^) JOU (') {*) 47 ran ouu lOf uuu 3,200 1 i/m i,4UU 200 ao m 2,500 100 61,000 5,900 "**2,'366' '""266' 606' '"*""»o" 4,900 500 840.000 64,000 1,700 56.000 3,200 100 232.000 23,000 27,000 2,200 3,900 '200 100 (*) 38,000 102.000 40,000 77,000 70,000 29.000 133,000 100 *ii,aoi,«oo 47,399,000 •4,091,000 •700,000 » 110.000 •20,000 •40,000 »1,M0 4,600 2.900 9,600 2,000 2.100 12,000 4,800 Ki^iai 334,000 82,000 6,200 («) 11.000 77,000 10,000 4,780 80,000 3,300 30,000 12,000 60,000 1,600 1,500 100 1,800 100 8.346,000 12,000 00,000 194,000 9,500 1«000 17,000 1,M0 ^000 200 ifSL^^Sl •^Sow'^^g"^'*^*"^ •,39.000 skins. llSSSS^ JiS?lS?l??**- » 119.000 skins. •tm^mmm. 1 22,m hides. 10 ,x)o skins. at 398,000; Table 3.— LOUISIANA— FISHERY PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTRICT: 1908.' anoxa. Total. Bream, or sunfiA. Buflolo fish.. CSarp, (lermaa..... Catibh OiTiar Suckers I". Another •ocai. 3,803,000 8121,000 28,000 5.000 1,333.000 12.000 1,467,000 96.000 580.000 84.000 5.500 5,000 10,000 0,400 mow 4,080 2,200 200 22.000 1. 000 54,000 6,400 8,400 3,000 4,400 100 800 1,600 17,000 I 100 i Ltaea. Fyke and hoop nets. Seines. OiUneta. All other appaiatuai^ QMBtt^ (poaads). Yatae; QuaBtlli dMNinds). Value. .- J »j vnamny (paaada). Vahie. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). 1,738.000 1 861,000 1,463,000 824,000 303,000 817,000 10,000 8400 211,000 818^081 26.000 5,000 118.000 2.000 l,274.fKX) 88.000 200,000 2,200 200 i-'OO 47.000 6,000 3,000 1,000 MO ' "98i.'666' '"'is.' 666' '"264,' 666' 10,000 80,000 7.000 2,000 72,000 6,800 ' '5,'3d6" 800 2,800 400 (') 3,200 4,4110 •••••••• • • ■ • 600 166,666 "3,566' o,'666' 30O 368.000 2,000 5,300 100 16,666' 466' »,'i80" ife* 16,066" 866' 9,400 166,000 1,800 17,880 uo > All taken in the shore and boat fisheries. ~ ^^^•todndetiapparatai^wlttMli^MlNlMrac ffiffu pMa^ la^^MBp^^p^^^ TiinirtlBtlW J H ffil t ^ ffl flt w nl ptuml fm i tiwp tM^ WyflW FISHERIES, BY STATES. Table 4.— LOUISIANA— PRODUCTS OF \ ESSEL FISHERIES: 1908. TMia. Fish: Catfish Croaker Drum, fresh-waier Drum (salt-waiei ), channel bass, or red fish . Fkmndin. Mallet. lead. I, or sea trout. Onte,lia(d. Oysters, market, from public areas. . Oyaters, market, from private areas. Oyrtm, seed, from publie aieaa OjnrtOB, seed, from private areas lotu. Quantity (pounds). Value. 6,762.000 8174,000 48,000 50,000 18,000 68.000 2,800 1,300 3,300 400 2,700 200 15,000 32,000 02,000 ^MO SOO 2.000 5,000 100 4,100 205,000 3,000 17,080 300 8.800 2,900 300 •3,559,000 « 1,578,000 • 1,011,000 •68,000 81,000 66,000 8,100 600 HMNWCT CAvarni UT— Dredges, tongs, etc Seines. Quantity (pounds). Vatae. Quantity (pounds). Vahie. Quantity (pounds). VaiM. 6,215,000 8140,000 615,000 818,080 8M0 48.000 '^.OOO 18,000 57,000 2,800 15,000 32,000 92,000 ^100 4,100 205.000 3,000 17,080 1..300 3,300 400 2,600 200 500 2,000 6,000 MO 30O 8.800 2,900 880 (') (») 000 (') 200 100 400 ( ») •3,559,000 * 1.578.000 • 1.011,000 •68,000 81,000 56.000 8,100 80O Less than 100 pounds. > Less than 3100. * 508,000 buahdi. « 225,000 bushels. • 144.000 bustada. • 0,700 bushels. Tabu S.— LOUISUNA— PBODUCTS OF 8H0RB AND BOAT FISHERIES OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1906. Total. FUi: Black 1 BluefiA Bream, or soaflsb... Buffalo fish.. Catfish CrevalK Croaker Dram, ftesh-water I>rum(8alVi»tMr), chan- nel bass, or iaoMi... Flotmders Mullet Paddlefish.. Pompano... Sbeepshead. Spanish mackerel Bqueteapue, or sea trout Yellowtail AllodMr. VMb OHoB,bard. Torttas. GhaUihard. OnrtMB, nmtat, ftam pub- Oyrten, maric^ bom pff- Tata anas Oysters, seed, from public areas Oysters, seed, fh>m private Periwinkles. mdes, alllrator Skins, mink. ......... Skins, muskiat Slina, otter. TOTAL. PBODUCT cAonr BT— Qoantti 36,641,000 12,000 2. 100 35.000 1.293.000 2,889,000 24,000 830,000 248,000 058,000 68,000 118.000 48,000 800 217,000 4,000 1,011,000 ('4,000 142,000 38.000 240.000 78.000 79,000 8,210,000 38,000 194,000 MO « 9, 805, 000 •6,821,000 « ' 632,000 aoo • 110.000 •20.000 >» 40,000 ii 1,100 Valnb 11,274,000 1, 100 100 1,900 28,000 88,(|p0 1.400 24,000 «,6eo 36,000 5,800 5,100 1,400 100 16,000 400 77,000 3,200 4,300 4,500 7,500 21,000 187,000 18,000 7.400 200,000 278,000 74,000 5.600 (*) 11,000 77,000 aaaaii; AM attar oyi*. Vataa. Quutt^ Valaa. VabM. QiM>n^ VafaM. Valae. g°«^y Vafcia. 11,568,000 1366,000 1141,000 296,000 87,000 71,000 85,800 13.000 8500 20,001,000 6763,000 8.800 2. 100 21.000 1,022.000 313,000 5,100 200,000 «,Q00 481.000 13,000 91,000 27.000 8CtO 153,000 4,000 749,000 64,000 1,600 800 100 1,200 23.000 10,000 100 16,000 8, MO 24,000 900 3,400 500 100 10,000 400 51,000 3,200 100 a 7m :vn 15, 000 254.000 2,343,000 19,000 M8,000 MB, 000 156.000 38,000 20,000 21,000 700 4,400 71,000 1.300 0,000 2,080 11.000 3,500 1,400 800 '"i7.'666' 232,000 ""366 6,700 " "i,'666 • '(1) • 266' "('»')"■ 2,300 MO 4N 1,100 4,800 100 1,500 200 (*) (») MO «,080 8B0 10.000 1.400 <«) 16,000 1 1,400 3,200 1 200 2,500 180 61,000 5,900 2,200 200 500 («) 300 (») 232,000 23,000 27,000 2,300 3,000 200 140,000 4,200 (») («) .38. mo 102. 000 40,000 77,000 70.000 29. 000 133,000 180 •9,805,000 •6,021,000 •8,080,000 T 632,000 200 •110.000 •20.000 4.500 2.!t00 9.600 8,000 100 12.0(10 tr 260,000 sn^ooo 74,080 6.000 (») 11.000 77.000 76,000 39,000 3.000 12,000 00,000 1,600 1,500 100 a,8oo 100 8,141,000 8,900 41,000 185,000 6,700 1,300 17,000 1,H0 2,000 200 >« 40.000 I 10.000 u 1,100 4,700 |::::::::::: 1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as 808,000; dip nets, lti7,000 pounds, valued valued at $1,500; cast nets, 4,200 • Leas than SIOO. I than MO p u n n l n, follows: Dredges, tongs, alB., JM^mjlM pounds, vahwd at $617,000; mink, muskrat, and otter traps, 60.000 pounds, valoed at at $14,000; firearms, 101,000 pooBda, Taloed at $9,900; crawfish pots, 74,000 pounds, vataiad at 81,900; shrimp nets, 64,000 pouada, valued at $200; and mtaarMoanktas, 191,000 pounds, valnad at 830^000. 4 1,401.000 bushels. < 440^)00 bushels. • 22.000 hides. >« 119,000 skiu. • 883^000 boaMa. ' 90,000 bushels. • 30,000 aktna. OQOOaUna. < USHERIfiS mB UNITED STATES, 1908. MAINE. The fishing industry' of Maine is confined to sea and shore fisheries along the Atlantic coast; but because of the pecufiariy ragged and uneven coast line and the ■ngr oatlyiiig iabikb, the atate poaseaBes special ad- Tantages among the statea in which oommefcial fishing ia carried on. In the total value of fishery products Maine ranked second among the Xew England states in 1908 and seventh among all the states; in the value ot lobsters, soft clams, and herring caught it ranked filsty and in the Tahie of cod, haddock, and hake saeMid. The following statement pfesenta a mmiiiiaiy of the most importaai atatiaticB loir the firiieriea of Mune in 1908: Number of peaoM oaployed Cental: TMh lud boalii, iDciadiaK oalft. fl,M9,000 Apparatus of capture 576,000 Aon and acceaaory jnoperty and cash 166, 000 MMoipndaefti. 3,257,000 Omfmiteim wtA prevunu eatwasses. — ^The principal itot ia t ica of the Mmm fiahariea for 1906, in comparison with the letams for eirUun eariier yean for whidi can- vasses were n m Aty tfgnm in the foOcywiiq; tahidar atatement: TKAB. em- ployed, exeiosiTe ofdHm- men. taowcn. TtML Vessels and hoats. including oatftC Appara- tus of captore. Quantity (pounds). Value. 6.S57 ; 7.442 9.207 8,717 M-l 82.245.000 1,606.000 1,732.000 81.660.000 1.179.000 1.255,000 1,006,000 8576.000 428.000 476.000 ! 429,000 01,000 173,843.000 124.724,000 242.390.000 123,405.000 129,560.000 $3,257,000 2,386,000 2,919,000 2,656,000 2.m,«» The total imrestment in equipment — vessels and thair outfits, boats, and apparatus of capture — in- cnaaed by men than 50 per cent from 1889 to 1908, being 51,475,000 at the earlier date and $2,245,000 at the latter. An increase in each of the items helped to make up the increase in the total, the value of the apparatus of capture increasing from $424,000 to $579,000 and the Talne of yessels and boats from $1,051,000 to $1,500,000. The iocntae in fliese itauu, however, was not uninterrupted, for the value of apparatus of capture fell in 1905 below the values reported for 1898 and 1902, and the value of vessels and boats in 1898 was less than in 1889, and in 1905 Imb than in 1902. It may be noted that the inTcet- ment in 1880 was $1,814,000, which is higer than Uiat wported at any subsequent canvass prior to 1908. In the report for 1880 the values of the separate products as sold by the fishermen are not given. The foloiwing taboiar at a t e nwn t, howeyer, ]nesents sta- Mtt ahowi^i ^ "^nkm of the leading piodiietB for the years 1908, 1902, 1898, and 1889, arranged in the order of their value in 1908: ru.vm or noovcn. 18tS IMt 1888 uaa 83,257.000 $2.919,0at fS,<65,000 82,111,000 1,260,000 1,066,000 993,000 574,000 Cod 438,000 377,000 314,000 437,000 Herring 420,000 510,000 263,000 240,000 Clams 20,000 194,000 323,000 201,000 Haddock 248,000 125,000 132,000 103,000 Hake 108,000 145,000 134,000 89,000 la-.::::: •■ 05,000 14,000 15,000 19,000 75,000 49.000 19,000 32,000 Smelt 65,000 103,000 139,000 75,000 Swordfldi... 44,000 45,000 44,000 27,000 Shad 42,000 29,000 20,000 19,000 Cusk 32,000 34,000 14,000 6,200 Mackerel 31,000 101,000 98,000 88.000 Eels 25,000 13,000 13,000 8,700 Alewives.. 18,000 22,000 25.000 30,000 Halibut 15,000 14.000 22,000 36,000 AUotber 24,000 78,000 85,000 m,8it In each of the years for wliich statistics are sliown, lobsters, cod, herring, clams, haddock, and hake con- stituted the six piindpal fishery products of the state, except that m 1898 ameH ranked fifth and haddock seventh. These six species contributed 78 per cent of the aggregate value of the fishery product of the state in 1889, 81 per cent in 1898, 83 per cent in 1902, and 86 per cent in 1908. The value, of the lobster product increased about 73 per cent fwmi 1889 to 1898 and 28 per cent from 1898 to 1908. The cod product decrMuaed in value about 28 per cent from 1889 to 1808, but during the following ten years recovered this loss, so that in 1908 the value was about the same as in 1889. The value of the herring catch in 1908 showed a decrease of about 18 per cent, as compared with 1902, but an increase of abcnit 60 per cent, as compared with 1898 or 1889. The ralue of the clam product in 1908 waa 29 per cent greater than in 1902 and 25 p«r eei^ greater than in 1889, but was less than in 1898. The haddock catch fluctuated in value throughout the period covered by the statistics, although in 1908 the value was more than twice as great as in 1889 and nearly twice as great aa in 1902. The value of hake showed an increase at each canvass. Of the less important varieties, shad akme ahows an increase in value at each successive canvass. Ale- wives declined steadily in value, while scallops and hahbut decreased in value until 1902, and then gained. Pollack and eels show increases from 1902 to 1908; amdt, awofdfiah, cusk, and mackerel show dedinea. The most marked de<£ne ia in the value of the *nark- erel catch, which deeieaaed 59 per cent between 1902 and 1908. Persons employed.— The total number of persons employed in the fisheries of the state in 1908 wa8 6,861, diatributed as follows: FIS] BY STATES. 1$9 GLASS. rosom nmoTiD: 1908. Number. Salaries and wages. TOM. Pro- prie- tMS and inda- pend- ent fisher- men. 8al»- ried em- ployees. Wage- earn- ers. Total. Sala- ries. WaRBS. Total 6,861 1,378 396 5,083 4 15,004 3 1,854 8619,000 81,200 * 8618,000 TiwM|ia(ttD( 'w- 391 r>4 4,549 1 986 332 532 4 365,000 150.000 103,000 1,100 500 365,000 150,000 102,000 1,100 Shore and boat* 2 700 • Exclusive of 178 proprietors not fishine. » Includes provisions furnished to the value of $28,000. Nearly three-fourths of the persons employed in fishing industries in the state were engaged in the shore and boat fisheries, and nearly nine-tenths of those engaged in ibe Aore and bcMt fiaheriea were proprietcm and independcoit fishennen. Of the total number oi^aged in the shore and boat fisheries, 534, or 11 per cent, were employed by others. The follow- ing tabular statement shows the number of peisons employed, exclusive of shoresmen, in the fisheries of Maine during the yeare named: cuas or mvi o nn ait. 1908 6,857 ISMo 190:2 1898 1889 1880 7,442 9,207 8.717 ^ 8,885 8,110 1,378 396 5,063 1,126 330 5,986 2,017 310 6,880 1,734 213 6,770 2,515 165 6,205 3,630 Shon and boat flabariea. 4,480 Th^ has been a gmenXf though to some extent interrupted, decrease dnce 1880 in the number of per- sons employed. The total number employed was smallest in 1908, and the number employed in shore and boat fisheries was smaller in that year than at any other time since 1880. Both for the fbheries of the state as a whole and for the shore and boat fisheries the largest number of peisons employed was reported in 1902. F
t herring, shad, and sadi huge &ih as stuigMn and awoRffiah, are can^t by tloB apparatus. Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs followed fines in importance as apparatus of capture. All of these FISHERIES, BY STATES. 141 were used principally in the shore and boat fisheries, only about 3 per cent of the value of the product taken by them in 1908 coming from vessel fisheries. Herring contributed more than four-fifths of the value of the catch by these forms of apparatus. Dredges, tongs, rakes, hoes, and similar apparatus ranked fomrth in impOTtaiuse as measured by the value of the product taken; although used to some extent in vessel fisheries, they were employed chiefly in shore and boat fisheries for taking clams. All of the scallops taken in the state, valued at $95,000, and a few oysters were also secured by apparatus of this kind. Seines were used extensively m tiie veesd fisheries, winch reported neariy two-tWrds of the total value of the caAch made by this apparatus. The principal species caught by seines were herring, pollack, smelt, mackerel, and shad. Gill nets and drift nets were used to nearly the same extent in vessel fidberies and shore and boat fisheries. Ths total catch taken by these nets weighed 1,404,000 pounds and was valued at $56,000. It indhlded mackerel, herring, shad, cod, and smelt, with a oombined value of $52,000, and six other spedes aggregating in value -$.3,600. The principal species taken with harpoons and spears was the swordfish. By these implements were also captured seals, from which came dons Bad ofl; pop> poises, taken for tbrar dl; and eeb. JjobtUr, — Measured by value of products lobster WHt9 the most important fishery product of the state in 1908, and, although the weight of the total catch was less than in 1902, by 2,234,000 pounds, or 18 per cent, its value was greater by $203,000, or 16 per cent. It is interesting to note that the total cateh in 1880 was 14,234,000 pounds— a much larger quantity than in X908— but its value to the fishermen was only $269,000. Lobsters are taken principally in the shore and boat fisheries. In 1908 this class of fisheries reported 8,898,000 pounds, valued at $1,136,000, whereas only 1,031,000 pounds, with a value of $134,000, were taken in the vesiisl fisheriea. Ooi, — The catoh of cod ranked next to the lobster product in value and was the largest in quantity reported for any of the so-called "ground fish" (cod, haddock, hake, hahbut, pollack, and cusk). In all, 20,013,000 pounds of cod were caught, with a value of $439,000, or 13 per cent of the value of all fishery products of the state. The eatdi in 1908 vqiiesents an ineieaae of about 15 per oent in weight and neariy 17 per cent in value over ■ •fc* lines wen the leading apparatus of capture employed. Scallops. — Although scjillops have been taken in the other New England states for a number of years, the industry is comparatively new in Maine. The water in which they are taken is of great depth, and for this wmmm aeiAip &hiiig was not modi carried on in this I^BMS *1» few years, howerer, the Adrwt of motor boats for dragging and of the motor «igines and drum for hoisting the dredge has over- come the diflficulties due to the deep water and led to a marked increase in product. In 1908 scallops stood seventh in value among the species taken in the state. BadHnre of 1^000 pomids nets, gill nets, and drift nets. The figures given for smelt in the columns headed "All other apparatus" in Table 1, on page 143, represent the catch in bag nets. Mackerel. — The mackerel w as formerly very abun- dant m the watera of Maine, but the catch for 1908 was only 380,000 pounds. Hie vafaie of the eatdi was $31,000, a deereaae of 09 per oMit since 1902, wbm H was $101,000. Salmon. — Salmon fishing also has been decreasing in importance yearly, the catch in 1908 being 72 per cent less in value than that in 1902. The salmon is a migratory Gah and formerly came to the Maine waters to apewn, but it is asMrted thai, owing to the poUution of the waters, it is now impossible tat the fiih to leedi the upmwauig bade in the Ireah waicr. FISHERIES, BY STATES. Table 1.— MAINE— FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. 143 Total. Btitterfiili. Catfish Cod Cunner Ciisk Eels Flounders. Haddock. . Halibnt. . Herring.. MMkenl. Pollack. Saluiuii. SO VM hake. Smelt Strii«d bass. . Stiir(,'eon Caviar Sockers. .. Swordfish. Tonicod. .. .\ll other. . Livers. . Sooiids. ToftlH. aaft. OjFileR, narket, from pabUe areas Scallops aad acaUop rims Squid OU, fish Oil, porpoise. OiLseal SUM, ML... TOMt. Quantity (pounds). 173,843.000 «3, 2.57,000 Value. 2,0S5,n00 (■,,400 13.000 20.013.000 93,000 2,078,000 49s. 0(K) 31,0(X) 10,S13,000 17,118,000 200,000 92,985,000 380,000 2,700 8,941,000 19,000 770,000 25,000 GM,000 2,100 8,200 100 58,000 ■MS, 000 117.000 14,000 52,000 23,000 0,00,000 1,400 «S,«01,000 » 1,000 •1,287,000 6, 100 '83,000 •8,000 •4,000 1*1,000 IS. 000 300 100 439. (KX) l,r,00 ■32.000 2,"). 000 «;o() 243,000 108,000 16,000 420,000 n,ooo m 75,000 3,700 PROnUCT CAUGHT BY- 100 «S,000 400 1,000 100 900 44.000 4.riOO 300 500 1,000 1,280,000 000 301,000 200 06,000 (») 3,600 800 400 2,200 IJtff Pound nets, trap nets, and min. Seines. Gilt BSftl, drift nsta, etc. Dip nets. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Qnantl^ (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). (.9,021,000 $357,000 27,877,000 «I71.000 1,404,000 S."n..000 2,044.000 itl2,000 117,010,000 •1,709,000 1.290,000 5,900 11,000 300 157,000 638,000 4,200 500 (*) 13,000 100 4oU,(N)U 103,000 2,200 27H nm •do, w 6,900 1 93,000 1,600 2,078,000 1,200 VfWO 10,454,000 17,K7,«W 200,000 32,000 100 100 242,000 108,000 16.000 44,000 2.400 9,600 600 443,000 18,000 22,000 4,000 100 "'"afi'ono' ■"'ioo' 23,000 11,000 500 100 66,826,000 03,000 287,000 4,800 24,010,000 125,000 114,000 10,000 723,000 193,000 14.000 16.000 1,307,000 4,700 50.000 i>,fW 5,229,000 2,200 51,000 200 70S. 000 0,000 316,000 25,000 113.000 1.400 4.500 W 56,000 5.600 1,500 25,000 100 14,000 200 500 (») 000 2,903,000 19,000 11.000 9,500 114,000 100 1,700 9,900 1,000 eoo (') 200 700 100 340. 0 fadndee spp a r a t ^ with catch, as fdUowB: barpoons, spears, etc., BO^oppopad^ vaload at 10,OiD0 pounds, valued at • Less than $100. • Less than 100 poOBdL • 606,000 bushels. Lobster and eel pots, 10,361,000 pounds, yatawd at tl^flOft; §41,000; b«| aatL SBIiiOOO pounds, valued aX\ " UjODBpnoini, iwiaiaat $400. 5 200 bushels. « 1.t5,000 gallons. '11,000 gallons. , •le,«>■>•■■••••••■ Haddock, fresh Haddock, saltiEd tCftlcCf Ircflh* HaUbat Bcfrlng. fresh. . Bnring, salted. Mackerel, fresh. Ftdlack, l^esh. Sbad, I Shad, salted. Smelt Swordflsh... Tomood An* Livers Sotmds Lobster Clams, soft Scallops Squid Oil, fish TOTAL. QnantitT (poondi). 52,734,000 30,000 7.000 7,489,000 2,461,000 1,519,000 35,000 84.000 5,691,000 21.000 10,156,000 50,000 153.000 14,635,000 2,711,000 224,000 4,707,000 M,«08 141.000 258,000 29,000 505,000 17,000 36»08» 51,000 19,000 1,031,000 3 100,000 < 473. 000 800 •83,000 Value. 8818,000 1,500 100 155.000 83,000 23.000 800 3,700 132.000 300 99,000 700 11.000 73,000 22,000 19,000 36,000 300 3,800 6.500 2,400 43,000 500 300 500 800 134,000 4,300 38.000 («) 3.600 noDUCT cxveax by— Lines. Seines. OUliieta,dtlit nets, etc. Paond nets, trap nrta, and weirs. All other appfr ratus.1 Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. ^^uauuifV Value. 20,838,000 8530.000 18,315,000 8108,000 808,000 887,800 1,«,«80 811,000 2.295.000 8223,088 7,666' 7,415,000 2,461,000 1,519,000 35,000 '5,691,066' 21,000 10,156,000 50,000 153,000 ioo 153.000 83.000 23.000 800 "'m'.bob' 300 99,000 700 11,000 ao floo 1,500 "hooo' "l'too" 84.000 .......... 8, 780 2,224,000 90,000 2,577,000 72,000 258,000 24,000 15.000 7,200 16.000 1.000 6,500 2,000 448,000 132,000 7,400 11,000 40,000 300 l.COO 5.600 69,000 100 100 2,800 2,125,000 16,000 20.000 300 5,200 5a5,()(N) 6,000 3,000 400 43,000 200 11.000 13,000 51,000 19,000 300 200 500 800 " '9,'ao6' "166' 134.000 4.. 100 38,000 > HKt.CKK) « 473,000 '"'•83.' 666' ""s.'eoo" 806' ilnclndeia] tongs, etb, at 8400. 8~ MABTUkVD. In respect to fisheries Maiyland stands hi^ among the states, ranking fifth m 1908, with a product valued at $3,306,000. Likewise the fisheries of Maryland rank high among tlie industries of the state. Chesa- peake Bay and its tributary streams, the Potomac, Susquehanna, Fatuxent, Choptank, Nanticoke, and kwwnr riven, f diiolt» IjUI WW OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. fuuHMw uifunruK ML Salaries and wages. ToUL Proprietors and in- 1 a-y— «— * Satoned^ Wage- 1 Total. Salaries. WafHk Total 18.302 •8,444 6 9,942 1 Sl,036,000 tl,000 « 11,035,000 4,046 1,000 13,250 76 607 305 7,532 3,439 715 5.712 76 374,000 101,000 557,000 5,200 374,000 101,000 556,000 6,200 6 1,000 CkMpaake Bav district 17,806 8, 154 6 9,646 991.000 1,000 990,000 Vessd flaberies 4,046 »75 12,709 76 586 607 276 7,271 3,439 699 5,432 76 296 374,000 99,000 513,000 5,200 45,000 374,000 99,000 512,000 «,aoo 45,000 Shore ad taal fttate. 6 1,000 Attatic Ocean district 290 45 ftU 39 an 16 m 1,200 44,000 44.IM Equipment and other capital. — The foDowing tables give the value of equipment and capital in 1908 as dis- boats, appMKtaB of capture, ]»opflHj, and cash, for the state as a whole and for ilia Atkntie Oeaaii and nwoapeake Mb, tneludlug oatfit. . y irfiing Ste^^^d motor. Ontflt — . . lii] Vessels Outfit aril. ^^Mdmotor... Ow Wt ......... VesKte. Outfit. . and nMMor. Otfaer ApparmtOB of capture. Vessel fisheries Shore and boat fisheries . . r property. S2, 099, 000 1,001,000 598,000 06,000 50,000 15.000 528.000 406,000 122,000 406,000 24,000 22,000 2,100 383,000 843,000 40,000 644,000 220,000 384,000 31,000 9,300 809,000 51,000 818,000 80,000 Chesa- peake Bay district. 82,019,000 986,000 593,000 65,000 50,000 15,000 528,000 406,000 122,000 392,000 23,000 21,000 2,000 390,000 330,000 39,000 615,000 200,000 378,000 29,000 8,000 335,000 51,000 284,000 77,000 6,500 Atlantic Ocean district. 180,000 15,000 15,000 1.100 1,000 100 14,000 13,000 1.000 28,000 20,000 5,200 1,300 1,300 34,000 34,000 2,400 Tike statistics ocmeeming the number and tonnage of vessels and the number of boats U« shown in the first tabular statement following. Of the total capital invested, $1,644,000, or 78 per oent, represented the value of vessels and boats, includ- ■V o w tit Of tiia nmamder, the mrestment in ap- of ciqitiire was the hugest item, havii^ a of $360,000, and this was followed by shore and property, with a value of $80,000. The dis- tribution of the apparatus of capture by districts and by class of fisheries is shown in the second tabular state- ment following. * iMtadM fiwiMau itaraialMd to tbe valoe of 8159/X)a iber number Steam and motor- Number Toonage NanlMr... Tonnage. TnnqMTting, mmlMr . Steam and motor- Number Tonnage Number Tonnage •Bd motor TMal. 1,107 757 21 310 736 7,061 350 17 134 333 7,813 8,493 852 5,238 2,135 268 Chesa- Atlantic peake Bay ' Ocean district. district. 1,091 757 21 310 736 7,oaai SS4 16 127 318 7,644 8,142 783 5,164 2,072 123 1 7 15 M8 8S1 09 74 68 1« Bow nets Dip nets Fyke and boop nets. Gill nets Eel pots. innuufim or omon: ma 524 079 818 664 364 185 U Di striba ted by districts. Chesa- peake Bay district. 50 1,494 5.079 4.149 4,214 1,347 150 18 Atlantic Ocean district Distribated by Vessel fisheries. 30 669 450 17 36 380 144 1,435 89 12 a 80 1,824 4,699 4,674 3,220 1,276 178 18 a8^8« Products, hi/ species. — The products are given, by species and by apparatus of capture, in Table 1 on page 149. Oysters ranked first both in quantity and in value. On the basis of quantity the species next in order were alewives, or rirw hnrhig, with a prodnei of nmtfy 29,000,000 pounds; eraba, wHh over 20,000,000 pounds; menhaden, with over 12,000,000 pounds; and shad, with nearly 4,000,000 pounds. On the basis of value the leading species after oysters were crabs, shad, and alewives, in the order named. FISHERIES, BY STATES. 147 The heavy catdi of menhaden stood relatively low in value, and was exceeded in this respeet hy striped hass, squeteague, and muskrat skins. Products, hy fishing (jrounds. — Table 2, on page 150, gives the products of the Maryland fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay district by species and by apparatus of capture, and Table 3, on page 151, gives similar statistics for the Maryland fisheries of the Atlantic Ocean, all of which were of the shore and boat class. For the Chesapeake Bay district the leading products, in the order of value, were the same as those already noted for the state, namely, oysters, crabs, shad, and alewives; while for the Atlantic Ocean fisheriea the leading products with respect to vahie ware sfpieteague, oysters, sturgeon Qncfaidiiig eaviar), and yeilow perch, m the order named. Ffdi Sbad Alewives, or rivsrber- rinR Striped hass Squet«a^c, orsea trout. Perch, white MeohadsB Pendi, yellow Catfish Sturgeon, caviar, and sturgeon eggs Eels All other Oyitefs Market , Seed Crabs Clams Skins, muskrat and otter . . All other* VAI.UE OF products: 1906. 084,000 247,000 157,000 65,000 47,000 30.000 30,000 22,000 18.000 16,000 13,000 40,000 2,228,000 2,127,000 101,000 319,000 16,000 50.000 7,800 602.000 247,000 155,000 62,000 0,800 28,000 30,000 15,000 18,000 1,600 12,000 17,000 2,205.000 2,113,000 92,000 319,000 15,000 50,000 0,400 1,100 3,500 40,000 2,400 400 7,200 . f7,000 R 80,000 4,600 3,700 100 1,600 30.000 400 800 14,000 600 22,000 24,000 14,000 9,600 100 1,400 1,400 1,800 686,000 676,000 9,600 UyOOO 618,000 227,000 152,000 61,000 46,000 29.000 400 ■S2, (100 18.000 16,000 7,800 88,000 1,543,000 1.451,000 92.000 305.000 16,000 50,000 » 7,800 » ^^Ss^pRSticts valued as follows: Tempin, 180ft tartias,MO; ■quid, 8200; and sea grass, SI, 700. Products, hy doss of fisheries. — Table 4, on page 151 , gives the products for 1908, by species and by appa- ratus of capture, for the vessel fisheries of the state, all of which are confined to the Chesapeake Bay dis- trict, and Table 5, on page 152, gives smilar data for the shofe and boat fidieries. In the latter the four l^ ^ading species — oysters, crabs, shad, and alewives — aggregated 81,019,000 pounds, or 94 per cent of the total product, and their combined value was $2,226,000, or 88 per cent of the total. Oysters alone contributed 89 per cent to the total value of products of the vessel fisheries and 61 per cent to the total value of produeta of the shore and boat fiidieries. Of the value of the Ifsiyland oyster product, 31 per cent was reported by the vessel fisheries and 69 per cent by the shore and boat fisheries. Practically the entire catch of men- haden was made by vessels. With the exception of oysters and menhaden, the catch by vessels was small, compared with that of the shore and boat fisheries. The products of the shore and boat fisheries of the Chesapeake Bay district, wliich in the aggregate amounted to 83,247,000 pounds, having a value of $2,420,000, can readily be ascertained by subtracting the items of Table 4 irom the corresponding itons of Table 2 ture, and are used for taking a large number of species. Alewives made up the bulk oft the catch, contributing 82 per cent of the total weight and 32 per cent of the total value; shad stood second, following closely in value, although the weight of this product was only one-fifteenth as great as that of the alewife catch; and squeteague was third. Oysten.— The oyster product of Maryland for 1908 was substantially greater than that for 1904 but less than that for 1897. The yield for 1904 was abnor- mally small, a fact attributed by some authorities to the two exceptionally cold winters just preceding, which killed many of the oysters. The value of the product, however, steadily decreased from $2,885,000 in 1897 to $2,418,000 in 1904 and to 12,228,000 in 1908. This decresse of $857,000, or 23 per cent, in the value of the oyster product during the 11 years from 1897 to 1908 contrasts sharply with an increase of S345,000, or 47 per cent, in the aggregate value of all other fishery products during the same period. From 1904 to 1908, however, the decrease in the value ^FISHERT FBOOUOIB: UW. 149 UI.7W,0e0 13,306,000 Akwhtw, or river iMlllUS. ' BiMdt baas BhMBsb Cwp, GniUMi.... Catfish Croaker Dram, salt-water. Eds Floanders Kingfish... Mackerel . . Menbaden. Perch, white Perch, yellow.... Pike and pickerel. MSfii'iim'. sturgeon Caviar and stur- rrogs Crabs, bard . Crabs, soft.. bard. Oysters, market, from public areas Oysters, market, from private areas Oystm, ' publio Terrapin. Turtles Sea grass Skins, muskrat. SUas, Otter FotUKl and trap nets. Qnantltv (peoBds). 28,805,000 15,000 14,000 IftlfOOO 107,000 409,000 179,000 ae.ooo 221,000 47,000 4,600 4,400 12,293,000 47,000 545,000 359,000 35,000 225,000 3,937,000 3,100 S7,iBB 8,100 1,191,000 26,000 1,000 12,786,000 7,587,000 6,900 *82,000 <39, 718,000 * 1,094,000 • 2,812,000 9,200 8,100 252,000 '38,000 (») Value. S7,M6,000 157,000 1,500 700 7,400 7,100 18,000 5,300 500 13,000 2,100 500 900 30,000 1,000 30,000 22,000 3,800 6,800 247,000 100 11,000 47,000 1,300 500 124,000 195,000 200 16,000 2,041,000 86,000 101,000 4,900 400 1,700 50.000 Qnantitv (pounds). 1321,000 22,255,000 4,200 2,300 U1,000 M,000 1.35,000 164,000 38,000 16,000 47,000 2,700 4,400 1,032,000 14,000 210,000 72,000 7,000 300 3,800 977,000 7,«» 1,000 1,107,000 900 10,000 0,800 3,300 200 Value. 3,038,000 103,000 500 100 7,400 1,700 5,400 4,900 500 1,000 2,100 300 900 1,700 600 12,000 3,500 800 100 (') 100,000 100 27,000 900 1,000 43,000 100 100 200 2,200 (•) OtD Quantity (pounds). 8174,000 418.000 7.500 12,000 23,000 17,000 100 Value. 17,883,000 8138,000 11,401,000 2,400 700 500 900 600 (') 28,000 35,000 24,000 3,000 2,282,000 i52,'666 30,000 7,100 100 1,100 800 2, 100 2,000 300 134,000 "i6,666 4,100 9.800 ('^ (•) Qoaatitjr (ponads). 6,022,000 3,300 18,000 59,000 3,800 11,261,000 600 103,000 111,000 12,000 74,000 30O Ui,«88 8,800 24,000 71,000 300 Value. Vafew. 1124,000 51,000 3,888 2,300 28,000 (') 6,200 8,900 1,200 5,100 800 14,000 15,000 MO 1,900 30O 1,800 225,000 700 1,200 3,400 (») 75,000 11,035,000 115,000 <•) 1,200 400 (») 200 (') 100 6,800 "iib 2,900 106,000 5,500 Fyke and hoop nets. 700,000 110,000 130,000 53,408,000 18,888 177,000 88,088 4,400 185,000 151,000 13,000 38,000 'i8,'8i8' 100 6,000 300 ▼doe. AU 500 8,000 'i,'G66 200 10,000 7.800 ^400 12,620,000 2,800 7,300 178,000 2,600 '8,'jn' («) 2,200 1,COO 700 100 71,000 1,000 1,741,000 7,402,000 >8S,888 «39,718,00D >1,004,000 • 2,812,000 3,800 252,000 > 38, 000 ilnchidesBpparatus, with catch, asfclloirB: Dredges, tongs, etc., 50,250,000ponnds, valued at $2,393,000; dip nets, 2,817,000 pounds, valued at 859.000; otter and muskrat )S, 39,000 pounds, valued at $50,000; eel pots, 181,000 pounds, valued at $10,000; bow nets, 36,000 pounds, valued at $3,600; trammel nets, 12,000 pounds, valued at $1,200; trapL ■Dd minor apparatus, 75,000 pounds, valued at $2,700, * Lew than 8100. * 10,000 boahato. < 6,674,000 bushels. ' 156,000 bushels. « 402,000 bushels. '116,000 skins. • Less than 100 pounds. FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Tasu l.-4IABYIAllI>~nHnaiT FBODIRTIB OF GHI8APS4n BIT OBmtlGT: 1MB. ancocs. TotaL. Alewives, or river herring, fresh... Alewires, or river herring, aalted. . Black bass. Bluefish BatterOsb ^Mjg, ^nnan . . . CnakBrV.l! Qaantltv (pounda). iii,m.0M ».m,m u,m,m Flounders... Kingflsh.... MnOet Perch, white. Perch, yellow Pike and pickerel SlHd StuiKUon Caviar and stur- geon eggs 8q ue league, or aea trout Oyrten, public a Tmiiiii. Hiaiket, fran fronn BragraaB Skins, muakrat . 24,34S,«» 4,364,000 15,000 14,000 5,800 166,000 400,000 4, aw £S 3i,m %m 12,063,000 20,000 530,000 287,000 31.000 3,836,000 »T— Baand and trap nets. VahH. Qnantity (pouDda). 6.000 900 188,000 97,000 90.000 1.500 600 200 7, 100 18,000 100 1,600 200 aokooo 800 28,000 15,000 3,400 247,000 1,000 ii;7»,ooo T,a7,OO0 'SMH^OOO •2.513,M 7,000 S,100 252,000 '38,000 (•) 700 900 6,200 i,aoo 500 124,000 2,036,000 n.m 02,000 3,900 1,7$ 50,000 m 19.577,000 2.673,000 4,200 1,700 5,800 49,000 135,000 4,»0 mm Value. Ofllneta. Quantity (pounds). Value. Seines. Quantity (pounds). I7,IH»000 ni«,ooo 31,000 600 1, . 14,000 218,000 72,000 7,000 1,475,000 5,300 600 170,000 3,100 '"8,'466 3,300 200 68.000 .35,000 500 100 200 1,700 5,400 100 i,m 1.600 (*) 1,700 000 12,000 3.500 800 100,000 37,000 600 400 5,200 100 («) 2,200 (•) 41{i.000 200 7,400 12.000 22.000 17,000 2.400 (») 700 500 Value. 100 800 30,000 12,000 1,800 2,282,000 140,000 1.400 300 100 1,100 goo 000 (») 1,600 800 200 134,000 14,000 100 400 4.-241.000 26,000 1,680.000 3,000 23,000 400 77.000 50,000 11,051,000 600 85.000 51,000 9,000 74,000 130,000 5,600 34,000 71,000 300 3.500 2,300 28,000 («) 4,400 2,900 1,000 5,100 14,000 Quantity (pounds). 0114,000 Value. (*) 14,000 1.900 ■366 500 1,300 0,400 (») 13,000 11,^000 3,000 1,200 200 (') 100 (») ioo 400 106,000 5,500 100 Quantity (pounda). 700,000 030^000 Value. 01,001,000 110,000 15.000 177,000 26,000 4,400 186,000 151,000 13,000 35,000 40,000 100 500 900 8,400 1,600 200 10,000 7,800 1,400 2,500 5,200 («) All other apparatna.' Qu^titv (poonda). 12, 404,000 2,600 7,100 160,000 71,000 9,000 1,000 1,739.000 7.402,000 •74,000 2,200 700 1,600 100 Vataii. UO 0,400 6^000 ^MO 600 18,000 100^000 15,000 «39,665,000 j 2,036,000 » 1,012,000 77,000 » 2,513, 000 2, 100 262,000 '38,000 (•) 92,000 1,000 1,700 50,000 (•) MiDllows: Dredges, tongs, etc. ' "Q; aalpota, 17&000 poonda. : 40,807,000 TBtoed at 02,968,000; dip nets, 2,817,000 pounds, valued at 000,000; otter and musk bofr netB^ 3%,000 pyond^ valued at 83,600; trammel nete, 1^000 pconds, valued at 100 pomida. FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tabu 8.— MARYLAND— FUmSBY PB0DUCT8 OF ATLANTIC OOBAN DI8TBI0T: 1MB. aPBOxa. Total. FWu Atewlvaa, Of rtrtf hcRfng.. Butterfish Croaker. Drum, I Eels. Flounders. Ponipaiio. Sea bass.. Striped bass Stui^eon Caviar and stuneon eggs. . . Bqoeteagnit, or troot. AbotlMr Crabs, hard Squid dams, hard Oysters, market, from public Oysters, market, from private areas Oysters, seed. Terrapin. TOTAL. Value. 2,602,000 0119,000 106,000 145,000 175,000 14,000 0,200 16,000 2,100 4,400 M0,000 87,000 25.000 72,000 0,700 000 330,000 35,000 31,000 7,200 1,002,000 3,300 0,500 6,900 * 8,400 < 53.000 •82.000 •300,000 1,000 0,000 1,100 7.300 5,300 100 500 500 300 900 400 800 2.400 7,200 400 100 6.800 3.500 4.300 10.000 40,000 200 100 200 1.400 4.700 9.400 9. (WO 1,000 200 raODUCT CAUOHT BT— t Inelades ap] pparatoB. altt,000. • MWO M^OOO pemdi, vakNd at •7,000 Pound and ti^ nets. Ofllneta. SeineB. /-\ . . — — A-t4 mm Quantity (pounds). Value. f^"'"^ Value, (poonda). Quantity (poonds). Vahie. Qaanmjr Vahaa. Valaa. 1,330,000 $53,000 93,000 $17,000 418.000 $12,000 309,000 $8,900 453,000 $27,000 6,000 \AK Ann 160,000 14,000 100 7 300 4^800 100 1 101,000 1,000 15,000 400 6,200 600 16,000 2,100 4,400 30,000 500 300 900 100 1 210,000 400 37,000 5,000 12,000 1,300 800 500 1,200 100 900 100 18.000 60,000 3,600 l.OOO 6.000 300 000 m 300 100 225,000 0,800 1.200 2.400 400 937.000 2.300 1,500 6,900 100 300 600 08,000 100 (') 200 12.000 28.000 6.800 1.200 4.000 9.400 22,000 2,200 1 3,300 000 300 62,000 i'ow 30O m 0,000 n 0,000 •0,000 « 53,000 •82.000 •300,000 1,600 um 4,700 9.400 9,G00 1,000 1,000 Table 4 .—MARYLAND— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908. Pbh: A le wi vaa, or ttm iMRtait. ' Blueflah Carp, German Catfish Eels Flounders Menhaden Perch, white.. Pfta and piAard.. Crabs, hard. Crabs, soft.. ■ket, from pubUo BiaAet, from private Oji0m,mii,'iemi pubiio areas. TOTAL. Quantltjr (pounds). 37,t«,000 778,000 400 18.000 22,000 84,000 4,400 12,021,000 28,000 7,000 4,600 366.000 36,000 000 480.000 348,000 Value. •787,000 4.600 («) 600 800 4,900 200 30,000 1,500 400 500 20,000 3,700 100 ().2nn 8,300 nOBDCT CAT •13,391,000 670,000 * !)fl,000 •368,000 6,400 9,600 Pound and trap nets. GUI nets. Seines. Fyke and hoop nets. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Valoe. Qnantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. QuantitT (pounds). 1,938,000 $21,000 113.000 $8,000 11,002.000 031,000 41,000 0^000 i4,ni.ooo nr. (wv> ^ d S,0B0 100 400 1,000 2,200 500 4.400 970,000 6,600 L 100 (») 200 l.GOO 400 16,000 1,000 000 1,000 100 M,o66 •00 000 («) ^700 mS n.ft-ii.noo 28.000 8,000 100 300 400 14.000 7,000 3.800 700 400 400 800 (•) 500 168.000 9,300 400 100 13.000 800 (*) 97.000 13,000 6,500 1,300 15,000 600 1,600 no 300 (*) 480,000 348,000 •10,301,000 « 90 .000 •368,000 0,300 0,000 OIO.tO» 6.400 0,600 1 Includes anparatna, witb catch, as Mliiwa: Dredges, tong.s, etc., 14,674,000 pounds, ▼akwd at C2,UXn and neia. 8,800 pounds, valaed at $200. • LMttntMO. < l,»ia>,000 buabels. at 0800,001^ eel pots, 84,000 « a$ §4,900: lines. 95,000 ponaAb •53.0001 FISHERIES OF THE imilSE> STATES, 1906. Taw ff.-4tABTLA]|I>— PBODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. Alewives, or riTer herring, fresh Alewives, or river herring, salted BtedtkMB. BattertUb'//"/.'.'/.'.'. Larp. c Catfish noanders. gingfish... Mackerel . . Mwihaden. rmeb, white yellow Pike and pickoeL. Pompano. Scft bMB Spot Striped bass Storgeon Caviar aal tkaqpHo Btmttmmt. ' at 'am TntKs Oabs, bard.. ChBfas,8aft... Oysters, market, from pablic areas Oyst«rs, market, ftona private areas 0|rtB ^ lt, aCi pBl>- Turtles Sea gr^ Skins, muskiat. Quantity (pounds}. R ^ 19 6 10 4 a4 US 14B m Sail- 7 s S a 211 •7 71 41 3,694 906 389 2,390 1,114 212 177 695 Sail 310 38 3 278 3,145 026 309 1,310 Other lift U« Of the investment in apparatus of capture, appnnc- imately two-thirds was in the vessel fisheries and one- third in the shore and boat fisheries. The distribution of the several kinds of apparatus by districts and by class of fisheries is given in the following tabular statement ; KIMS. Alfsuuflim or CAiflon: ma Total. DtaMkoMlqrdMricts. DlsMbaMby cjjMoaf flflhsrisB. Essex County. Suflollc County. All other coun- ties. Vessel fisher- ies. Shore and Stmt- les. 20 126 2 1,050 180 371 11 42 9,045 1,577 43,342 216 389 20 20 58 2 1,009 180 371 1 41 765 339 41,166 191 90 Beam trawls............ 126 2 130 68 Conner nets and traps 283 146 164 646 34 130 50 78 11 35 3,757 693 24,495 169 143 Floimder dnSgHt. 10 1 8,280 1,238 2, 176 25 299 Fyke nets 7 4,500 541 11,965 41 192 Gill nets Harpoons, spears, etc Pots— crab, eel, and lobster Pound and trap nets Seines ' 788 343 6,862 6 54 Produds, by spedea. — Table 1, on page IfiO, gives the fidierf prodacta of the atate, "by ipeeiei and by appar ratus of capture. Sixty distinct species were represented, the most important being cod, haddock, and mackerel, which together contributed 53 per cent of the value of all fishery products of the state. The cod and the had- dod^ etAsh eadi exceeded a miDkm doUara in value. For eight other products— -dams Qneluding all three varieties, hard, ooHf and razor), herring, p<^lack, hali- but, lobsters, sperm oil, hake, and oysters — ^values in excess of $200,000 were reported. The value reported for the 11 species named formed 86 per cent of the total value of products. Flounders, swordfish, and scallops had vahies in excess <^ $100,000. PrmkuU, eowOy dittridB.—Tb» fishery products, by imoeipal qpeeaes and by county districts, are gtwem FISHEEIES, BY STATES. 155 iiiTaUe 2, on page 160, when they are ranked aooord- ing to the value reported for the state as a whole. The value of the products was distributed among the districts as follows: Essex County, 43 per cent; Suf- folk County, 25 per cent; and "All other counties," 33 per cent. The products reported for "All other coun- ties" were much more diversified than those of Eodct and Suffolk CountieB. Cod was the leading species with reqMet to vahie in Essex and Suffolk Counties. Mackerel ranked next to cod in value in Essex County, and haddock in Suffolk County. In the rest of the state whale products ranked first and cod second. Haddock and mackerel were important products in each district. All the oysters and whale products, and 67 p«r eent of the value of the dams, wefe re- ported by the south«ii counties gmqMd under the designation "All other counties." Products, by class of fisheries. — Tables 3 and 4, on pages 161 and 162, give the products for the vessel fisheries and for the shore and boat fisheries, respec- tively, by species and by apparatus oi capture. The values df the duef q>ecies ^ products for each dass of fidieries wwe aa fdlowa: Total. Cod Haddock Mackerel Herring Pollack HaUbut Hake Flounden Swordfish All other Clams Whale oU, sperm oil, and whalebone. OjniMS. ■ Scallopa.. Cockles — S»S7 ▼Aun or noooctK UQB. Total. 97,006,000 5.637,000 1,944,000 1,038,000 761,000 342,000 313,000 310,000 294,000 146,000 122,000 367,000 378,000 336,000 307,000 218,000 120,000 34,000 25,000 4a,m Vessel SS, 497, 000 Shore and boat $1,598,000 4,971,000 1,811,000 985,000 742,000 ,24i},000 265,000 309,000 281,000 66,000 121,000 147,000 14,000 336,000 14,000 97,000 44,000 4,300 18,000 666,000 133,000 52,000 19,000 07,000 48,000 1,700 13,000 81,000 900 220,000 366,000 294,000 121,000 76,000 29,000 25,000 21,000 The products of the vessel fisheries represented 77 per cent of the total value, and those of the shore and boat fisheries 23 per cent. All the products diown separately in the table were reported for both dasses of fisheries, with the exceptii 43,000 » 171,000 >*5n,ooo 1,837,000 30,000 M 138, 000 »3, 103,000 »MI,000 5.400 45,000 4,300 4,000 3,500 1,955,000 5,600 73.000 38,000 140,000 1,038,000 294,000 310,000 342,000 1,300 761,000 1,400 1,000 313,000 2,700 40,000 8,400 12,000 39,000 600 700 2,500 68,000 800 122,000 6,300 300 25,000 6,900 8,100 2,400 200 307,000 1,300 (•) 189,000 3,(100 186,000 34,000 goo 202,000 3,100 130,000 20,000 89,000 5,900 218,000 S^OOO MODOCT CAVORT BY— OfflMte. PoaaaaBfeteyeta, Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantitv (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quiiniity (pounds). Value. 101/888,000 IS, no, 000 36,307,000 8806,000 14,886,000 8808,000 18,641,000 8806,000 38,608,000 I1.3U,8B8 92,000 1,052,000 15,000 AS. 000 6.400 7.000 1,100 3.ano 1,693,000 6,200 16,000 600 25,000 9,300 400 1,400 1,282,000 20,000 11,000 200 300 69. 191,000 600 4,267,000 118,000 8,106,000 46,649,000 16,192,000 4,136,000 i.aoo (•) 1*) 7.400 000 33,000 3,200 1.750,000 100 .17.000 2.S00 i.R7fi.fino i i.SQO.nnn 38.000 288.000 8,200 100 (•) 73,000 6,800 81,000 995,000 289,000 309,000 2,300 80,000 5,600 164,000 80,000 1,430,000 67,000 9,600 7,854,000 TOO 5,700 33,000 1,000 1,000 63,000 «,080 6U,080 303,000 407,000 1,888 U,«00 8.600 3,500 X,088 st,tm 111,000 104,000 43,000 i,m 1,300 500 9,936,000 195,000 6,536,000 44.000 6,478,000 40,000 73,000 66,000 1,300 3,300 8,006,000 253,000 19,000 3,816,000 200 800 594,000 1.300 1.000 42.000 s 2,147,000 146,000 '388,000 6,800 18,000 980 iOO <») 14,668,000 300,000 329.000 77.000 280,000 2,700 12,000 6,700 Mfi^OOO ^300 n,«8» 6.400 ««, 057,000 16,000 708,666 37,000 20,000 4,540,000 27,000 2,700 700 20,000 367,000 4,000 3, SCO 12,000 .^200 11,000 (•) 600 100 300 (•) 2,000 126,000 100 1,300 921,000 8,300 37,000 13,000 92,000 2,900 300 6,000 100 14,000 380 i8i 2.000 1.000 80,000 400 1,848,000 200 6,108 SO. 000 (•) 888 300 2,000 600 300 (•) l,6it«6 l«,88i i49,666 6,000 568,«00 5,600 100 7,880 a,880 788 88^080 100 «0 8,100 100 8»«80 MO 737,000 (•) 36,080 601,000 73,000 6,800 3,100 4,000 (•) 131,000 i.Hno 2,400 200 200 (•) 2,455,000 307,000 400 I 100 1,200 (») «1, 119.001)! 189.000 s i>4.()(Mi 1 .scon 6,400 1,900 100 (•) •1,910,000 ' 130,000 •1,100 •4,000 ••863,000 u 43,000 "178,000 !• 502. 000 26,000 30,000 186.000 34,000 Mi 900 202,000 3,100 13,086 120,000 400 88,088 121,000 2,200 10,000 200 1,680,000 17,000 >4 138,000 5,900 •^818.888 "168,088 lis I lochides otter travrit. > Includes apparatus, wtAwtdwaiMtowi: Dredges, tongs, etc, I,88I|^ pounds, TdMd at 8741,000; whaling apparatus, 3,4MJ)00 poonda, valued at 8336,000; eel pots and traps, 2,830,000 poonda, TiliMd at 8325,000; harpoons, spean, etc., 1,767,000 pomdkjalued at 8130,000; beam trawls, 2,972,000 pounds, valued at 866,000; dip ■ots, 6,660,000 pounds, valued at 858,000; cockle nets and traps, 78,000 pounds, valued at 821,000; cunner nets and traps, 100,000 pounds, vahied at 86,500; tyk» tmti, 1^000 poimds, valued at 82,200; cast nets, 109,000 pounds, valued at 82,000; bag nets, 2,000 pooiids, valued at 5500: and minor apparatus, 76,000 pounds, valued at 81Mlt> s iw— ti»n aintt. * 2.400 tandialL ' UUOOO buuliait. * TOO IiiimiiiIi ui * ~ flSHmiES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1906. Table 2.— MASSACHUSETTS— FISHERY PRODUCTS, BY COUNTY DISTRICTS: 1908. Qaantit; 244,313,000 Valiw. 230,066,000 72,819,000 48,«2,000 10,453,000 28,501,000 20,006,000 4,145,000 16.708,000 7.124.000 l.(>42.000 4.267,000 1,971,000 4,002,000 1,136,000 5,680,000 722,000 380,000 U4,000 170,000 102.000 8(2,000 42,000 66,000 67,000 an. 000 M,000 258,000 73.000 19,000 717,000 >S, 000, 000 3,405,000 « 2. 913. 000 30,000 •60,000 2,455.000 1,084.000 •868,000 ■502,000 •130,000 737,000 1.837.000 ti05.000 i« 138,000 73,000 123,000 s.«o %1M 37.095,000 5.637,000 1.955.000 1.038.000 761.000 342.000 313,000 310,000 294.000 14m public areas Oyster;, seed, from private areas flcaUopa 5.800 pi, 034,000 « 24, 000 >1,906.000 •112.000 M.lOO •2,800 •414,000 ••43,000 u 156.000 u 340, 000 1,1 31,598,000 5,400 20.000 15,000 l.fiOO 1,700 i.am 129,000 4.300 5,600 30,000 81,000 52,000 13.000 1,700 96,000 700 1,300 19,000 100 1 . m) 4it.U00 28,000 5,000 1,700 3'. 000 600 2,500 52,000 (iOO 400 •60 S,«0 am 3,700 25,000 200 2,400 1,300 177,000 3,600 185.000 29,000 100 500 106,000 3,100 11,000 76,000 17,000 I'oiind nets, trap nets, and weirs. Dtp nets. Setam. QUI nets. All otluri«>pantu8.> Quantitv (ponndij. Value. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (poands). Value. Quantity (pounds). VahM. QoanUtv (pounds). Value. Quantitv (pounds). 12,365,000 3281,000 17,218,000 8236,000 0,080,000 5,272,000 ni.ooo 300^000 86,000 ft. 68ft. 000 91,000 902,000 125,000 12,000 30,000 30.000 268,000 5,400 6,0(K» 1,300 900 1,700 1,800 7,000 i'>am irawls, 727,000 pounds, valued at ?Iii,0(K); harpoons, spears, etc., IHflOO pounds, valued at 87,800: Conner nets and traps, 100,000j)oirads, valued at $5,500; fvke nets, 50,000 pounds, valued at $2,UK): cast nets, 109,000 pounds flMlA K fSjOOO; * pounds, valued at 82/nO; bag nets, 2,000 pounds, valued at 8500; and minor apparatus, 75,000 pounds, valued at 114.000. * Less than 8108L •MMWhaMs. lUBboilHh. . •M^boriidB. U22,0001 * 123.000 bushdoi •iMiiMhOh, •mtmikM. i*MMbnMk i*44^i 1 FISHERIES, BY STATES. T^mM ff.~-MAS8AGHU8ETTS~PBODnCT8 OF VWmtt FISHERIES, BY OOUHTY DISTRIGTB: IMg. 163 SPEaES. Fish. Cod Haddock. HaUtmt. Hake.... Pollack Herriiii; Swordlish. Cnak Flounders. Seup Shad Alewives Squeteague, or weaknsh. ntrcr hake, or whiting. . Sea bass.. Bhmfliih...... B«dltoli.ogrroMflsh B«li Bonlto Bottaflsh. AO Whale products. Oil, sperm... Whalebone. . Oil, whale... Oysters Market. flaaDops. TAvtn... Oil, cod. Cockles. . . Sounds.. . Squid MtaOnet. 1 Less thin $100. •388,000 gallons. • 74,000 flllsiHU TOTAL. Quantity (pounds). Value. 193,839,000 85,«t7,000 188,512,000 46,268,000 10, 198,000 4,126,000 IS 751 000 4,971,000 1 S9'> nnn 985,000 742,000 309,000 281,000 16,064.000 15,694,000 1,025,000 4,209,000 o, V/A, \nju 265,000 24->,000 121,000 72,000 uu, WAJ 308,000 371,000 829,000 150,000 11,000 9,800 9,«J0 5,900 578,000 47,000 24,000 201,000 86,660 4,400 3,500 2,700 2,000 2,600 35,000 29,000 288,660 808,600 2,300 1,800 1,400 6,4D0 3,^.000 •2, 913; 000 30,000 '553,000 336,000 218,000 89,000 28,000 468,000 •461,000 •18,600 07,000 06,000 1,000 • 152,000 123,000 « 95,000 590,000 « 138,000 44.000 14,000 14,000 6,700 5,900 » 18,000 73,000 172,000 1,300 4,300 3, 100 2,500 («) ooomnr. Quantity (pounds). 91,100,000 90,741,000 36,2(2,000 14,317,000 6. 446,000 3,230,000 3,909,000 9,914,000 13,075.000 788,000 1,801,000 137,000 2,800 804,000 25,000 Value. 82,604,000 2,595,000 1,041,000 300,000 481,000 229,000 71,000 152,000 216,000 60,000 32,000 1,000 100 7,800 200 148,000 500 152,000 1,400 3.300 133,000 8,500 280,000 79,000 8,800 41,000 1,800 600 0) 100 600 1,200 8,300 8,400 600 800 smo&K ootnrrr. Quantity (pounds). 67,200,000 66,8f>4.000 21,026.000 24,216,000 2,017,000 682,000 10,254,000 3,081,000 l,5.S5.0OO 270,000 2,029.000 387,000 10,600 6,«t)0 '2se,'666 310.000 13,000 •18,000 8^680 Value. 81,563,000 ALL OTHXS COUMUXS. (^uaniiiy (pounds). 35,411,000 1.572.000 521.000 520,000 147,000 62,000 185,000 57,000 16.000 24,000 34.000 3,500 80O 1,180 (iOO '3,'466 3,400 m 4,300 8,600 30,907,000 9,501,000 7,7.34.000 1,735,000 213,000 1,498,000 s.ofa.ooo 1.0:!4.000 567.000 379.000 2,878,000 806.000 56.000 8(M.00U 150.00(J 430,000 47,000 24,600 2,888 54,688 35,000 20,000 268,888 116,060 3.495,000 2 2,913.000 30.000 •553,000 466,000 •451,000 •»,660 •152,000 115,000 '95,000 131,000 < 64,000 bushels. •2i00 bushels. •nyOBOj ' 12,000 bushels. • J 1,888 t 164 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. .CBUSKrrS— FBODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES, BY COUNTY DISTRICTTS: 1806. anosa. fisfa. PoUack. AJ*wivw SUvcK hake, or whiting. Mackerel.. Hake Cunner... Taatog... AllMcam,( Sea bass . . . Smelt Butterfish. Hafibut. Booito Blue fish Ling - ■ .jellov. Oysters . Market.. Seed Squid. Crabs., TOTAL. OOUMTT. (poands, 50.474,000 $1,598,000 41,554,000 5,130,000 12,807,000 3,722.000 2,22.5.000 1,821,000 3,042,000 3,233,000 5,011,000 iV.OOO 80,000 255,000 957,000 102,000 146.000 91,000 67,000 16,000 38,000 19,000 19,000 30.000 17.000 73,000 19.000 m,m »2,965,000 2,332,000 616,000 ♦417,000 •190,000 •340,000 » 112,000 737.000 1,665,000 123,000 5,800 666,000 133,000 07,000 81,000 52.000 52,000 48,000 35,000 35,000 30,000 28,000 19,000 13,000 6,600 5,400 5,400 5,000 2,500 1,800 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,600 1,300 1,000 7,«0i> 36.5,000 294.000 121,000 107,000 14,000 76,000 29,000 25,000 17,000 2,600 1,300 Cpoands, 14,847,000 12,264,000 2,076,000 4,287,000 2,560,000 617,000 1,365,000 28,000 357,000 73,000 800 8,800 (») 10,000 3,600 200 400 41,000 7,500 01,000 0,300 4,m ▼ahw. $426,000 141.000 46,000 36,000 8,300 •.100 24.000 3, 100 3.400 3,600 0) 2,300 2,400 4,000 ^'>300 0) 1,800 200 100 (') 3,700 ^So 11,000 300 1,600 200 MO SUFFOLK COUNTY. QoaaUty (pounds). 8,761.000 ViiM. 8,253,000 1,065,000 4,856,000 197,000 712,000 91,000 20,000 500 400 m,ooo an.oio 61,000 'iieiooo ALL OTH£B COUNTIES. $166,000 108,000 28,000 30,000 20,000 7,400 2,700 7,100 «,aoo 1,«00 100 0> •,000 I^IOO U,000 "2,366 26,866,000 $1,006,000 21,037,000 1,988,000 3,684,000 2, .513. 000 1.477,000 1,821,000 1,185,000 2,716,000 2,014,000 227,000 600,000 145,000 83,000 07,000 6,000 35,000 15,000 10,000 30,000 17,000 73,000 19,000 172,000 » 1,312.000 1,210.000 616,000 4417,000 •199,000 • 349,000 » 21,000 730,000 1,674,000 400 6,800 l^OOO 417,000 69,000 31,000 52,000 36,000 52,000 21,000 32,000 24,000 17,000 11,000 6,400 6,100 6,000 700 1,680 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,600 1,300 1,000 4,000 202,000 142,000 121,000 107,000 14,000 76,000 6, 100 25,000 16,000 ^■>1.300 u» Tabu 7.— MASSACHUSETTS— FISHERT PRODUCTS: U89, 1898, 1902, 1905, AND 1MB. Vahw. \ (ptnnM). Total 244.313.000 $7,095,000 255,654,000 $7,025,000 Cod 72.819.000 1.955,000 62,263,000 1,689,000 Haddock. 48.492,000 1,038,000 67,054,000 1,060.000 MMtad 10.453.000 761,000 14,104,000 966,000 dams. 13,060,000 37H. (XK) 3,. 548, 000 500,000 Herring 28.501,000 342,000 18.364,000 382,000 Pollack 20,006.000 313,000 25.486,000 268.000 HaMbot. 4,145.000 310,000 3,513,000 218,000 307,000 i,m,m oo»«oo 16,706,000 294,000 20,701,000 258,000 OB,«kaleand sperm > 3. 466, 000 247,000 3,9.34,000 247,000 » 1.084.000 218.000 996,000 222,000 ^sters 33,123,000 032,000 34,400,000 1,090,000 Vahw. (POUUUS). 1202,258,000 $4,4&1.000 69,521.000 39,220,000 17,624,000 3,134,000 29,235.000 12,176.000 12,156.000 14,358,000 5, 137,000 724.000 25,666,000 1,773,000 802,000 981,000 288,000 401,000 118,000 649,000 175,080 191,000 ! 21,332.000 71,315,000 35,582,000 6,703,000 1,981.000 22, .363, 000 7,084.000 10,523,000 - 293,000 134,000 677,000 3,119,000 7(19. >>IX) 19,852,000 Vaine. 1,407,000 420,000 362,000 153,000 333,000 43.000 547,000 148,000 164,000 199,000 I,"*. 000 532,000 299,218,000 76,342,000 35,305,000 6,687,000 2,654,000 9.931,000 5.()t)9.(HH) 0,888.000 3,304,000 6,354,000 6,172,000 2.')9, 000 137,203,000 $.'5,8.58,000 2,013,000 602,000 585,000 150,000 91.000 .5.5.000 661,000 141^000 68,000 489,000 66,000 931,000 cnrr dh TALUS. 1006 100 28 15 11 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 13 lOOB 100 24 15 14 7 5 4 3 3 looe 100 1 I 27 12 15 4 6 2 10 3 5 2 10 1896 100 32 9 8 3 7 1 12 3 5 4 12 100 34 10 10 2 2 1 11 S 8 1 10 FISHERIES, BY STATES. 165 MICmOAN. Michigan is foremost among the Great Lakes states in value of fishery products. All the lakes, with the exception of Lake Ontario, touch upon the state, but Lakes Michigan and Huron contributed tlie Iwrger percentage of the state ykM. The following statement presents a summary of the ehief statistics for the fiahenes of Michigan in 1908: Number 04,000 1821,000 ,38,302,000 $1,473,000 1903 3,348 O8S,O0O 304,000 688,000 35,l»9,000 1,224,000 2,068 804,000 280,000 004,000 32,360,000 804,000 1800. 2,00 880,000 sn,ooo M0,000 33,872,000 004,«80 Persons employed. — Statistics of the porsr.n- em- ployed in the fisheries of Michigan in 1908 are given in the following table: DISnDCT AKB CUM, Total Vessel fisheries Transporting vessels |boro£uud^boat fisheries Lake Michigan distriet Vessel fisheries Transporting vessels 1 Sbon and boat fisheries I4to Honn district Vessel fisheries Transporting vcs.sels ^weaad^boat fisheries LAaSivariardiitrtet Vessel fisheries Shore and boat flsbeilM Shoresmen Erie district (shwe and boat fisheries) LdnStCMr. rstaoNs xMnoTB>: 1000. Katbcr. Total Proprie- tors and independ- eat fisher- men. Salaried employees. Wase- eamers. 3,472 1 1.698 8 1.7ti6 $533,000 $6,600 i$527,000 501 27 2,766 178 117 7 1,574 5 379 20 1,189 178 174,000 I 5,700 289,000 tV4,000 3,000 170.000 5,700 2S(i.000 (i4,000 3 2,700 1,208 553 1 714 236,000 1,200 235,000 311 & 873 79 1,382 98 1 454 1 212 4 419 79 C02 100.000 900 103.000 32.000 196,000 1,200 99,000 900 103.000 32,000 191,000 684 6 5,200 131 22 1,148 81 .371 14 6 664 3 114 16 481 SI 165 51,000 4,900 115.000 25,000 1 57,000 2,500 49.000 4,900 112.000 25.000 57.000 3 2,700 205 1 200 59 287 IS 300 221 5 200 1 53 07 15 MB 32 7,000 04,000 u.ooo 200 23.000 27,000 7,000 u,m 11.000 07 180 218 3 180 90 3 1 10,000 000 I Ezoliislve of 53 iMopcletofs not fishing. * Includes provisions furnished to the value of $47,000. 166 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. The state had vessel fisheries m three of the €bmit Lakes— Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Huron — and 634 vessel fishermen and shoresmen were employed in connection with such fisheries. The number of shore and boat fishermen and their employees, including iim re am en , amonntod to 2^11. AHtough Lake Alichi- San had a produet aboul third hogw than that ol Lake Huron, tiia pcnons easflkffoA in firiui^ nam- hered 114 less. Equipment and other capital. — Statistics concerning the investment in vessels, boats, and apparatus of capture, and the other capital employed in the lahflriflB ai the state, are giren in the following table, lor the state and for tiie avmal lakes and their tribntaiy watera: Total. VtimIt, inrliKiicg outfit. SUiin.c Vessels Outfit Iknsporting Ygy~....... JMnlH of capture. . . VflHBl fisheries Sbore and boat fish- TlUn or KQUIFMENT AMD OMBK *»*1fftlir MS. TMiU. IS, 013, 000 1807,000 and accessory 327.000 306,000 242.000 64,000 22,000 20.000 1.800 267.000 217.000 24,000 21,000 5,200 821,000 319,000 502,000 484,000 114,000 Lake Michi- gan dis- trict. 19G.000 m.ooo 151,000 41.000 4.100 3,800 400 105.000 97.000 3. 100 5.500 400 377,000 192,000 185,000 148.000 70,000 Lake Huron district. 1733,000 89,000 72,000 55.000 17. COO 17,000 16,000 1,500 96,000 71.000 18.000 5.100 1,700 281,000 81,000 200,000 235.000 32,000 Lake Superior district. 1326,000 41,000 41.000 36,000 5,800 35,000 29,000 3.200 3,300 200 105,000 46,000 58,000 36,000 8,200 Lake Erie district. BU,000 19,000 14,000 2,700 2,900 51,000 51,000 41.000 u» Lake St. Clair district. $46,000 10,000 5,900 4,200 '8,666 8,000 25,000 3,600 The statement at top of not eohimn gives detailed stat i st i cs of the numbier and tomuii^ ol tdbwcIii and the number of boats. vummmim. TOBSLB AND BOAIK 1908. Total. Lake Mfchi- gan dis- trict. Lake Huron district. LttB Superior district. LakB Erie district. LakB StOair district. Vcnels: Fishing — Number 97 1,407 13 73 1.647 445 210 879 113 72 879 3 17 .540 201 47 284 8 17 323 11 56 674 133 128 226 87 8 205 Tonnage Transporting— Number Boats, number Steam and motor... Sail 210 (.2 35 112 1 i67 36 IM IS Row Other 114 17 Mi The shore and accessory property of the vessel fisheries was valued at $137,000, that of the shore and boat fisheries at $344,000, and that of transporting vessels at $3,500. Of the cash capital, $67,000 is credited to the vessel fisheries, $46,000 to the shore and boat fisheries, and $600 to transporting vessels. The total investment comprised $829,000 invested in vessel fisheries, $1,159,000 in shore and boat fisheries, and $29,000 in transporting vessels. No sailing ves- sels were used, and the number of sailboats was com- paratively small. Gill nets and pound and trap nets were the prmcipal kinds of apparatus of capture. All of these nets were used in both classes of fisheries, but gill nets were used in vessel fidieries almost to the exclusion of other apparatus, while pound and trap nets were more generally used in shove and boat fisheries. Hie same conditions were apparent at all previous canvasses. On Lake Superior, however, gill nets were used in much greater numbers than pound and trap nets in shore and boat fisheries as well as in vessel fisheries. The number (rf the various kinds of apparatus lepcvted was as foBows: MtMom or caitiibb: 190S. TMaL Distributed by districts. 1 ^^^^^^^ Lake Lake Lake Lake dMrtet Lake St Oak dMfiet. Shrareand Fyke and huup mM. 1,069 55,673 553 2,232 120 130 6M 10,341 206 1,1M SI 8 7,642 361 6 2 345 u,m 663 2,197 119 130 zi,m 36,783 ISSSr^^^i^,^..::::::::::::::: m t » 5 387 130 1 " iVsAiefe, ly spedm—ttiAb 1, on page 170, gives the weight and value of the product of the Ifidiigan &her- ies, by species and i4>paratus of ei^iture tor 1908. Twenty-three species were taken in the fisheries of Michigan. Lake trout ranked first, the value of this species, fresh and salted, formmg 29 per cent of the value of all products of the state. Whitefish of al kiMk; Ml, sBMlEed, and salted, including the loagiew and Menominee varieties and aim whttc&h caviar, stood next to lake trout in importance, its value forming 23 per cent of the value of all fishery products from the state; whitefish alone, fresh, salted, and smdced, ccmtributed 20 per cent on aadeaviar. Whitefish, nee All other.. Another TAWS or nKWOCis: 1908. TotaL $1,473,000 Lake 1,472,000 424,000 304,000 297,000 117,000 93,000 73,000 65,000 36,000 32,000 12.000 8.000 6.200 14,0()(» 1,2(X) (MiO.OOO 206,000 206,000 183,000 33,000 4,500 12,000 100 3,000 1.800 200 3.500 r>. tiOO 1.700 -800 Lake HUTMl lUiilffct. Lake Siqierior dlBtriet. Lake Brie dlstriet. Lake St Clair district. $48)1,000 $201,000 201.000 129,000 26,000 38,000 2,900 800 $93,000 $32,000 486,000 89,000 72,000 60,000 76,000 7fi.000 53,000 11,000 30,000 4.200 7.500 1,400 700 4,000 93,000 32,000 100 lft,000 4,600 700 12,000 3,700 11,000 4,000 33,000 3,000 1.000 24,000 3,600 1,000 ■'oiMO' *400 1,400 500 1,800 "iVsoo 400 I Less than $100. 2 Mussels. 3 Muslcrat skins. The fisheries in Lake Michigan furnished 45 per cent both of the weight and of the value of the entire Michigan product. The yield of Lake Huron was next to that of Lake Michigan, contributing 34 per oent of the weight and 33 per cent of the value of the catdi of the entire state. Of the ei^t i^ecies taken in Lake Superior, trout was the most important, repre- senting 47 per cent of the weight and 64 per cent of the value of the products of this lake. A similar prepon- derance of trout appeared in both the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries. Whitefish and her- ring made up the hulk of the remaining product in hoth classes of the Lake Superior fi^ries. Notwithstanding the fact that the Lake Erie fish- eries of Michigan were all of the shore and boat class, 15 species of fish were taken. The catch of this lake represented only 8 per cent of the quantity and 6 per cent of the value of the state product. No lake trout were reported as taken in the fisheries ol Lake Erie and the lake herring taken formed only a ne^igible proportion of the product. The German carp, a minor species in the state as a whole, was the most important product of this lake, the Lake Erie catch of this species representing over one-half of tlio quantity and over one-third of the value of the total catch of Lake Erie for Micliigan, and 69 per oent of the weight and 60 per eent of the vahie of the catch of this ^ecies in the •tate. Lake St. Clair supplied about 2 per cent of the Michigan fishery piothict. The leading species was wall-eyed pike. German carp ranked next in value. These two species contributed 72 per c^t of the weight and 71 per cent of the value 'ilo\v Carp. ' icniiun Whiicfi.^h, lonpjaw Tike and pickerel Catfish and bullheads StufReon and raviar Whitefi-sh, Menominee All other MuMls and muskrat sluos TotaL $1,473,000 1,472,000 424.000 304,000 297,000 117,000 9.1,000 7.'?, oai 55,000 36,000 32,000 12.000 K.OOO 6,200 14,000 1,200 Vessel Shore and boat sac, 000 816,000 266,000 102.000 110.000 1,900 800 900 ^000 400 100 700 800 •957,000 956,000 158,000 202,000 187,000 ll.->,000 9:!. 000 72,000 65,000 3,100 32,000 12,000 7,:«)0 0,200 13.000 1,200 tLcaattaamOk Prodwit, hy apparahu (jf capture. — ^Pound nets and gill nets hoth took large shares of the total catch. The larger quantity is reported for pound nets, but gill nets are credited with tlie greater value of the product. Combined, these two kinds of apparatus took a quantity representing 85 per cent of the total weight and 86 pa* cent of the total value. The vahie of tiie eatdi, by kinds of apparatus, for the state and the respective lake distiicta, is given in the following tabular atatement: TALUS or products: 1008. Total. Lake Michi- district. Lake Huron Lake Superior dirtrict. Lake Erie district Lake dtaMat 11,473.000 1661,000 $486,000 $201,000 $93,000 $32,000 715,000 650,000 M,000 66,000 8,000 7,tn 420,000 224,000 1,300 16^000 140,000 269.000 58.000 13,000 3,200 156,000 29,090 100 400 16,000 (') Found nets, trap nets. 20,000 36,000 27,000 700 400 FykaaodlioiviMlt 100 13,000 17,000 t Less than SIOO. In Lake Superior gill nets were most important by a wide margin in both classes of fisheries and they were also the leading apparatus of capture in Lake Michigan, but in Lake Erie they were not used, and in Lalse St. CSair they were used but little. Pound and trap nets, which were the most important appaimtus of Mpture 168 FISHlilUES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. on Lake Huron, oite tiiiir promiiMBee in part to tiittr wide adaptability. Fyke and hoop nets, seines, ftnd linos were next in order. Lake trout contributed more than half of the value of the gill-net catch, and whitefish and herring furnished the greater part of the limMiiMUii ; idiile lake herring and whitefish composed wamm tliMi on^lialf off the pound and tvap net catch. Of tbe products taken with fyk» and hoop nets, wckers were the leading qpecies, hot although the quantity of this species taken was more than double that of any other, except German carp, it contributed only a httle more than a third of the value of the total fiodnU itkm hj this class of nets. Fyke and hoop nets wece used to a greater extent in the shore and boat fisheries off Lake Huron than eiw wh ew, hut they wero of the greatest relative importance on Lake Erie. In Lakes Erie and St. Clair, as a result of the prevalence of carp, seines were among the most important forms of apparatus of capture used. Carp contributed 68 pv €«t orted. For the cap- ture of blue pike gill nets were used exclusively. The yield of pike perch was less in 1908 than in any of the years for which a canvass has been made, but its value was exceeded only by that of the catch of 1903. Figures for the various canvasses are presented in the following tabular statement: TBAB. inCB-nBCB nODDCT. (^Matity Value. 1,194,000 2,318.000 1,988.000 > 2,690.000 S98,000 127,000 92,000 > 87,000 1 Includes pike. Yellow percJi.— This species contributed about 5 per cent of the value of the state products, and was taken almost wholly by the shore and boat fisheries. Lake Huron furnished almost three-fourths <^ the total Tihie of the yellow perch caught and JLake Ififdiigan BY STATES. 160 the greater part of the remainder. Over three-fourths of the Lake Huron jMroduct was takm with pound and trap nets, and fyke and hoop nets ranked next in im- portance among the kinds of apparatus used. In Lake Michigan gill nets took nearly as great a quan- tity as pound and trap nets, and the catch was of greater value; all but a small part of the catch was taken by these two forms of apparatus. The yellow- perch catch has increased in value steadily, but the quantity takmi in 1908, thou^ greater than that taken in 1903, was mneh less than the catch in 1899 or 1890. TKLLOW-PEBCB Quantity (pounds). Value. loos m 1 H90 . • ,»«««««»»•■.»••••••.>•••••••••••■•••••■•■••••••••••••••• 2.378,000 2.257.000 :{.i:iT,(KK) 3,029,000 rs.ooo .'a. 000 •ll.OOO 40.000 German carp. — This species is mentioned sepai'utely because it has risen from an infmor rank to one of prominence since the last canvass. Thou|^ con- tributing duct reported for Lake Erie, to wfaidi lake over two-thirds of the weight of the Micliigan capture of carp is credited. The shore and boat fi.sheries of Lake Huron reported about one-half of the weight and over one-half of the value of the product not taken in Lake Erie, while Lake St. dair r^mrted most of the remainder. QmntttT (pomxls). lOOS - a >•••*•••*•«•••••• ^* v***********************' • • • X003 ■ m ■■■•••■•■•■••••as • • • 2,459.000 580,000 218,000 S.5.5.000 10.000 4,300 170 FISH£RI£S OF TH£ UNIT£D STAT£8^ 1908. Tams l.-iaOTIGAN— nSHBBT PBOOUGTS: IMS. Ibh: Blat k bass Carp. German Caiash and bullheads.. Dofrfish, or bowfin , Dram, or sb< Quantity (pounds). Hening, lake ..... lioK, orUwyar... Muskallun^ Perch, yellow Pike and pickereL. PikepenkfUneptts). Pike perafc |MMr) nke pewh (wa i iaf' Suckers Sunfish Troiit White bass White&sii Whitefish (longjaw).. Wbiteflsfa ( M—ihm). AB other. muskrat. 2.300 2, 459,000 270,000 85,000 186,080 14,787.000 10.000 4.000 2.37S,000 478,000 27,000 100,000 1, Value. 57,000 1.200 4,467.000 48.000 6,T9S.O0O 37.000 3,753,000 870.000 149.000 2.300 8,700 200,000 aoo ' In -l iJes apparitns, with catch, tattri^'-. MM pounds, valued at S400. J Less than SIOO. * Less than 100 pounds. 400 55,000 12.000 1,-200 1,800 304,000 100 400 vi.ooo 32,000 700 3.500 93,000 I 7,100 900 117,000 1.300 4^, WJ 1,800 297,000 36,000 6.200 200 100 800 Gill nets. Qiuinti! y (pounds). u,m,m 100 300 7.100 1,7M 1,909 20-1. 9,400 27,000 400 25,000 Poond iMts, trap Mia, and w«iiB. fns,«09 1*1 MO («) 200 241,000 134,000 13,000 9a^M0 W,MQ 16^9Mk000 i.on »6,000 800 5.845,000 700 2,045,000 Ml.OW 7,400 100 L'DO l,52ti,0O0 jOO I 221,000 700 (') 2,000 VatM. (») 4,500 6,000 200 170,000 100 (') -13.000 15,000 Fyke and hoop neta. Seines. Lines. An oth«r appa- ratus.' Quantity (pounds). 2,U5,0m lM,om 44,000 726,000 37,000 1,100 7,900 3,101.000 (*) ' 23,000 366,000 453,000 (') i 9,200 158,000 1,663,000 36,000 9,700 47.000 1,600 8,100 1,200 4,600 800 72,000 500 27,000 400 135,000 300 L'XK) 200 100 491,000 105,000 72,000 9t,m 13,000 4,300 1,000 9n 2,400 800 100 (') 4.30, two 207,000 id, 666" 15,000 64,000 2,300 13,000 M,MO i,aoo 1,MB i,aw 100 950,000 8,600 (') 34,000 300 (») 26,000 34,000 1,300 3,100 Value Value Vihie (pounds). (pounds;. s.on,ooo 1,607,000 17,000 MO 3,400 300 44,000 16,000 200 107,000 4,0W 500 100 149,000 5, 100 1,600 600 4,700 100 100 100 500 155,000 37,000 700 100 1,5(J0 1,100 855,000 2,000 8,000 5,000 (») 10,000 200 100 3,200 100 100 (') 400 '«1 (*) U,OM 100 iiiVooo 6,300 $52,000 400 200 400 500 (») .5,' 400 300 Quantity . (pounds). 301,000 22,000 1,500 200 148,000 4,000 17,000 100 2,000 2.000 498,000 5,('>00 10,000 200 2,200 100 100 100 31,000 400 3. coo >S. 100 18,000 39,000 8,000 200.000 300 Tau S.~liI€fiIGAN— FI8HERT PBODUGTB OF LAKE MIGHIOAN DISTRICT: 190B. 17,000 309 1« 300 400 600 800 SS^i and bullheads. Drum, or sheepdiead. UeRing, lake, mrii. . . LIni!, or lawyer P«f h, yellow Pike arid pickerel Pike perch (bhie pilcei Pike perch (wall-eyed pike). Stunieon Sturgeon caviar. . Suckers, fresh Suckers, salted Trout, fresh Trout, sal ted Witteflsh, fresh VMteash, salted White fish (longjaw), fresh . White&sh ABoHier. Quantity (pounds). a,M9 2,500 24,000 2,925,000 •,«i^Mi 8,300 348,000 21,000 27,000 52,000 21,000 800 1,223.000 216.000 3.214.000 70,000 2,000 2,172,000 137,000 W,9H M,M9 •1,000 2. 100 1,300 200,000 Value. (pauads). 100 200 400 108,000 9i^«» 100 12.000 1,800 700 4,500 2,800 700 28.000 4.600 203,000 3,600 100 174,000 8,600 3, on 1,MB 4.200 200 100 800 ▼■taw. 700 1,700 2,123,000 1,900 140,000 i 1,700 27.000 1,600 600 135,000 67,000 2,873,000 65,000 700 1,403,000 35,000 93,000 33,000 64.000 600 400 (•) 100 (') 102,000 0) 5,400 100 700 100 100 4.400 1.900 180.000 3,400 (•) 112,000 2,200 2,800 1,2M 2.600 100 (') nets, trap nets, andivein. Quantity (pounds). 9,aa9,om 3,500 1,300 22,000 489,000 «,497,9N 6,400 143,000 19,000 50,000 20,000 800 1,070.000 145.000 172,000 4,700 1,300 763,000 102,000 4,2W 3,9n 37,000 1,500 9m Value. t224,000 100 100 400 5,200 97,0W 100 4,600 1,700 Quantity (ponmds). 246,000 Value. 915,000 4,400 2,700 700 23,000 2.(100 10.000 200 100 02,000 6,400 2W IM 1,600 100 100 11,000 100 59,000 300 (») ft,9m soo (•) 1,900 0) Seines. Quantity (pounds). 31,000 Value. Crowfoot dredges, etc. 31,300 500 2,« 6,600 m i9,om ft,9M i,9n IW 300 0) 6W 1« IM Quantity (ponadB). 200,000 Value. 200,000] MO il8HJi^Ea£S, BY STATES. Tabu 8.-MIGHIGAN— FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE HURON DISTRICT: UOB. 171 Total. Garp, Gennan Gatosh and bullheads. P<>gfls h,crbowfln.... Dram, or dieepdiead . Beolng, lake, frosh.. BcRing, lake, salted. tach, yellow Pike and pk:kerd. . . POt* perch (sauser), (Iresh.... Pike perch (walteyed pike). Rock bass Sturgeon BIVfMBWTte Suckers, tnA.. Suckers, salted. Sunfish Trout, fresh Trout, salted... Whiteflsh, fresh Whiteflsh, salted Whiteflsh, smoked Whiteflsh (loiiL'jaw), fresh WhitefLsh (Menoniinec), fresh — Whiteflsh (Menominee), salted Quantity (pounds). i2,aa,M0 MM,OM 407,000 174,000 82.000 9,100 1,239,000 2,824,000 1,805,000 63,000 3,500 829,000 48,000 9,900 300 2,566,000 9,400 34,000 1,353,000 5,800 693,000 13,000 13,000 728,000 19,000 3,000 100 l,9M Value. 11,000 7,600 1,900 100 21,000 51,000 53,000 4,200 100 76,000 1,700 1,200 1« 76,000 200 900 89,000 200 58,000 600 1.200 30,000 600 100 %. raoDucr ckvom by— Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. 8,n9,on Quantity ^ j (pounds). 3269,000 149,000 118,000 13,000 8,M» 1,121,000 2,824,000 1,362,000 37,000 3,100 668,000 13,000 9,400 300 1,64.5.000 9,200 23,000 113,000 3,900 447,000 13,000 700 3,900 2,700 IflO i,9n 2,900 5,300 3M MO Ki.OOO 51,000 37,000 2,400 100 61,000 400 1,200 100 42,000 200 ."iOO (i.SOO 200 39,000 GOO Gill nets. Fyke and hoop IK-;.-;. Quantltv (pouuds). 2,468,000 3140.000 1,5:0,000 (') 6,300 115,000 64,000 7,000 100 23,000 400 (2) 100 100 53,000 200 H(K) 1, 105. 010 2,000 245,000 100 13.000 727,000 15,000 300 Value. QnantitT (pounds). Value. (•) 200 4,800 1,800 300 («) 1,800 100 1.300 (5) 207,000 39,000 60,000 1,900 342,000 15,000 200 11,000 36,000 789,000 31.000 $58,000 7., TOO 1,600 1,000 (*) 13,000 1,200 (=) 1,100 1,300 Seines. Harpoons, spears, etc. Lioet. Quantity (pounds). aOiOM 313,000 45,000 10,000 1,400 8,500 7!l,(KKl (>) 100 I 19,000 (') 1.200 30,000 400 (•) 200 9M 300 (•) (») (») 33,900 3.400 LW.) 91.000 («) 80,000 1.100 100 200 100 Value. 700 400 (') 1,000 200 (■) Quantity (pounds). 42,000 5,900 "'aoo 100 V'^- Suadil value. $3,700 200 '(')" (•) 8,700 35,000 3,600 1,600 0) («) (*) 50.000 600 6,9W 33,3 («) 44,000 I 3,1 1 Less than 100 pounds. - * Less than $100. Tablb 4.— MICHIOAN— fishery PRODUCTS OF LAKE SUPERIOR DISTRICT: IMS. TOTAL. QoanttU^ (ponads). Vahw. Total 4,579,000 $-201,000 PRODUCT CAUGHT BY— an QnantitT (pounds). 3,731,000 Herring, lake, fresh Herring, lake, salted PUw and pickerel PflDspwA (waU^vod pOa). Suckers, fresh . . Suckers, salted. Trout, besb.... Tnntlsdted... Whiteflsh, fresh Whitefish. salted Whiteflsh (lonRiaw), fresh. . Whiteflsh (loi^aw), salted. 1,304,000 314,000 24,000 10,000 4,am 154.000 6,900 1,941,000 214,000 613.000 18,000 68,000 7,000 20,000 6,000 1,000 800 MO 2.800 100 117,000 12,000 37.000 1 . 300 2,, SOO 300 1,277,000 314,000 200 8B0 9,200 1,400 1,625.000 184,000 342.000 5,800 f.3,000 7,000 Value. $156,000 19,000 5,900 (') 100 300 (') 93.000 10,000 23,000 400 2, rw 300 Pound nets, tn^ nets, andweink Quaotitr (pounds). 'v54,000 27,000 23,000 7,600 4,M0 14.5,000 5,500 158,000 1,500 H>6,000 12.000 4,800 Value. (pooDda). $29,000 2.S6,000 600 900 600 MO 2,600 ' 100 0,700 (') 600 257,000 29,000 13,000 I 800 I 100 Value. Qnaatitr (pouBdsV $16,000 5,800 («) 200 MO 14,000 1,700 500 4,iU 100 Value. Quantity (pounds). 3400 2.100 8 (') 300 800 1,300 3100 IM (') Lcn than tun. 172 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Tabu S.~lfIGHiaAK-mBEBT PBODVGTS OF LAKE EHIE DISTEIOT: 1906. ■■Ml •OUUb. Wjflu and hoop nets. Pound nets, trap nets, and webs. Seines. Lines. Muskrattn^s. Quantity (pounds). VahK. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantitv (poonds). Value. Quantitv (pooads). Value. Quantity (pounds). VaiuA. 630,000 129,000 1,343,000 aoo 8400 Ikb: Carp. German 87.000 154.000 2,100 133.000 338,000 105,000 9,000 258,000 35,000 ltt,MO ■aoo 3.3,000 3,600 1 1,300 '100 4,000 24,000 3,300 1,000 4,500 1,700 16,000 100 mo 284,000 66,000 94,000 500 108,000 189,000 64,000 1,300 160,000 26,000 34,000 a^Mo 5,700 2,700 900 (') 3,300 14,000 2,200 100 2,900 1,300 3,100 P) 88,000 15.000 60,000 1.600 21,000 142,000 41,000 3,600 82,000 7,800 159,000 ai^aw 1,500 600 400 100 600 0,900 1,100 300 1,300 300 13,000 MO 1,311,000 ft,HO 26,000 MO P) Catfish and balBmdL 000 (») 3,300 C^MO 100 MO Suckers 16,000 600 300 0) 4,100 coo 'aM Tabu iOIMIOAll— VK IT FRODUCTS OF LAKE 8T. CLAIB DISTRICT: 1906.* rmoovct cattoht bt— HifpiMiH, spMHS, etc. Offl, lyke, and Iwap Mto. guantit^ Value. Qnanttty yahw. Quantity (VMBdi). Valna. Quantity Vaioe. gUMtUt^ VMri 737,000 3,«0 832,000 400 260,000 2,000 817,000 400 408,000 S13.000 59,000 82,100 2,600 8100 Catfish and bullheads an, 000 6,000 500 3,900 92,000 32,000 167,000 •,Mt u,ooo 200 34.000 14,000 (») 11,000 500 (») 400 3,700 1,400 12,000 1,000 100 700 400 C) 8,000 3, HO 200 341,000 800 500 aoo 2,000 6,500 15,000 4,«0 400 100 n,oao 4,800 10.000 (») Si 100 400 1,200 MO (') (•) 800 MO 16,000 i,Me aoo MO 200 m P«Tch. vellow 82.000 6,000 148,000 MO 3,300 300 10,000 Mi 1,800 100 a,8» 8,000 18,000 3,500 aoo 400 600 200 1,800 MO MO '8,'666' 266' wo' 8 ......... MO Tabbs T.-mBIQAN— FEODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908. apscns. XOIAL. mOUWit C4IMUI1 BT— Gin nets. Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. T^uft Seines. VakMk Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). VafaM. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). VahMk Total ■■■1^ likB, atltad. . . 8.979.000 $516,000 8,635,000 8«7,000 190.000 «9.400 134,000 89,000 20,000 8800 2,403,000 73,000 26.000 6,400 37,000 11,000 61,000 4,400 4«^000 1,360,000 21,000 794,800 100,000 1,200 000 400 700 800 600 MO 1,800 100 "ta 108,000 1,200 88,880 2,365,000 40,000 21,000 000 M,000 9,m 99,000 500 800 0) MO 33.000 33.000 1,400 <^8M 800 700 «« 300 2,700 100 2,000 100 POaaadpidxrel 4,000 100 400 C) Pike perch (■■■■jtijiiBi) 1,400 1,314,000 17,000 794,000 2,200 800 104,000 1,000 33,000 100 n,m 600 MO 800 1,800 15,000 3.000 600 100 08,808 0,8W 55.000 3,500 4,300 200 4,300 100 > Less than 8100. FISHERIES, BY STATES. Table 8.— MICmOAN— PRODUCTS OP SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. 173 »,8a,ooo mt.oBo nah: Black bass Carp, Qwman Catfish and bullheads . Detfa h, or^bon^ . Drum, on"^ " Herring, lake, fresh.. Herring, lake, salted . Ling, or lawyer. Muskallunge Perch, yellow Pike and pickerel Pike perch (sauger), fresh.. Pike (wall-eyed pike) Sturgeon caviar. Suckers, fresh... Suckers, salted.. Sunfish Tnnt,lrash Traot, salted... White bass Whiteflsh, fresh.. Whiteflsh, salted. WhiteOsh, smoked. WhltcAriif sattad. (Menominee), Whiteflsh fresh Whiteflsh (Menominee), salted WkttsArii flBvlv.. ........ . A1la«lHr Mussels Muskrat skins. TOTAL. Quantity (pounds). 2,300 2,459,000 2m,m 85,000 183,000 2.767,000 9,544,000 9, 100 4,000 2,351,000 471,000 108,000 1,047.000 57,000 52,000 1,100 4,174,000 228,000 48,000 2,429,000 198,000 37,000 2,202,000 148,000 13,000 70,000 7,000 54,000 94,000 8,780 200,000 300 Value. 400 55,000 12,000 1,200 I, 800 48,000 154,060 100 400 72. (XM) 32,000 3,500 93,000 2,100 6,500 800 111,000 4,800 1,300 147,000 II, 000 1.800 177,000 9,200 1,200 2,900 300 1,900 4.300 200 FBODUCT CAUGHT BY- 800 400 Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. Gill nets. Fyke and hoop nets. Seines. Lines. Allotherapp»- ratus.' Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity Value. (Quantity ( pounds) . Value. Quantity (pounds) ■ Value. ^uaniity (pounds). VakH. tt, 108,000 1841,000 4,805,000 8219,000 2,568,000 804,000 2,081,000 854,000 721,080 843,000 301,000 I7,8n 200 241,000 134,000 13,000 87,000 1,605,000 6,900 100 1,525.000 215,000 44,000 723,000 13,000 32,000 1,000 2,917,000 150,000 23,000 422,000 10,000 8,900 1,481,000 124,000 (») 4,500 5,900 200 000 21,000 148,000 100 (») 43,000 14,000 1,200 66,000 400 4,000 700 69.000 2,900 500 26,000 400 400 123,000 7,600 100 300 6,600 (') (») 200 2.000 8,000 5.000 400 200 400 49i,666 105.000 72.000 94,000 2,400 13.0(X) 4,300 1,000 900 100 l.ta7,000 17.000 37,000 700 22.000 1,500 200 300 !00 (*) 1,600 1,150,000 286.000 1,400 (») 27,000 5,800 (») 400 1,400 (») («) 8,000 600 100 "142,666 6,300 148,666 4,000 17,000 100 2,000 400 («) (») "5,' 366' 300 16,' 666" aoo 2,200 100 100 800 (») 43,000 16.000 200 107.000 4.000 500 100 129,000 2.000 5. 100 1,600 ■ ■ ■(■/)■ " ■ 1,400 1.100 (») 10,000 200 100 (') 2.500 (') 100 100 '3,' eoo' 8,100 18,000 ' "39,066' 300 400 '"i'aio 184,000 8,700 100 17,000 6,500 500 (») 1,400 450,000 207,000 (>4.000 13,000 36,000 16,000 15,000 2.300 1,200 1,300 100 1,000 100 175,000 67,000 800 1,662,000 161,000 700 677,000 24.000 13,000 60,000 7,000 47,000 54,000 600 5,400 1.900 (') 101,000 9,100 («) 50,000 1,700 1,200 2,500 aoo 1,600 2,600 MO 950,000 34,000 8. GOO (') 300 (») 2,000 344.000 27,000 100 21.000 1,600 8,000 26.000 34,000 1,300 3,100 000 4.700 (') 400 5.600 400 9,700 300 100 (*) 6,800 40,000 1,800 8,100 200 1,700 aoo MO 100 (•) MO m 800 (•> 380,000 800 4K 1 1 I 'iBilmliw ■wwmiis. witli nstnli ai tnlVnn- Haiposns, nt tnqM 880 pomd^ TBinsd at MM. MINNBSOTA. etc, 100,000 pounds, yah^ at 85,800; crowfoot dredges, etc, 200,000 pounds, v^edat»00,j^ and musk- The chief fishing grounds of the state of Minnesota •re the Mississippi River and Lake Superior. Com- mercial fishing is carried on to a considerable extent also in the numerous small lakes and rivers of the state, especially in the St. Croix and other tributaries of the Mississippi River, and in the Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake, whidi are tributary to Hudson Bay. No yessd fishery esdabed in the state in 1908, and the fisheries of Minnesota were entirely of the shore and boat class, although four vessels were engaged in transporting on the Lake Superior waters. The following statement presents a summury of the chief statistics for the Minnesota fisheries in 1908: Number of persons employed 934 Capital: Veoods and boats, including outfit $52,000 Apparatus of capture 43, 000 Shore and acceesory property and cash 33, 000 Value of producte 192, (XX) Comparison with previous canvasses. — Although leg- islation limiting the fishing on the interior waters to hand lines and spears has caused a decided falling off in the products of the fisheries of this state since 1897, about one-third of the value of the products of the state fidieiies on the MissisBippi River and its tribu- taries in 1908 represented the value of products from the interior lakes and rivers, a fact which indicates a revival of commercial fishing on these waters. Dur- ing the past few years carp have multiplied to such an extent in the lakes and other interior waters that in certain cases the game wardois have issued to fidi- ermen special ticeases to seine the kfcoi for this fish. The next comparative summary shows the changes that have taken place in the fisheries of the Lake Superior district since 1899 and in those on tlie smaller lakes and interior rivers since 1894. In the tabulation for 1908 the fisheries of the Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake have been included with the Lake Superior fisheries, instead of witk those of the Ifisdssippi River and its tributaries. A comparison of the statistics given in the summary shows that there has been a steady growth in the Lake Superior district, and that commercial fishing on the tributaries of the Mississippi is gradually recover- ing from the temporary setback caused by the passage of stringent laws. 174 il^ERISS OF Tfi£ UNIX£D STATES, 1906. (Ustnct:! 1908 em- ployed, exclusive 212 192 127 719 m rum o* ■qmnmiT. Total. $55,000 29,000 24,000 39,000 8,«n Vessels and boats, in- cluding outfit. 332,000 10,000 7,900 20,000 3,000 Appa- ratus of capture. $23,000 19,000 16,000 19,000 RODVCIS. Quantity (pounds). 3,802,000 2,176,000 009,000 3,674,000 ^IgOQO Value. $83,000 45,000 14,000 109,000 40,000 maoo 9m! ^^^w!^ Woods and Rainy Late are Indudedto the LatoSaperiardhtrictto ^ Permmt employed. — The loUowiiig tabular statement giwB tile nomber and (fisteibotkm ■^N Mi MMMiy praperty or EQUIPMENT AMV OOBB c&Rxal: 1908. TotaL Mississippi RiTW district. Lake Superior W,00O 16,000 13,000 3,200 36.000 23,000 1,700 10.000 1,500 43,000 39,000 4,aoo 946,000 881,000 16,000 13,000 3,300 16,000 8,600 1,700 4,700 800 23,000 22,000 I 20,000 1 14,000 5,300 700 19,000 6,600 The four transporting vessels on the Lake Superior watm w«re steam and motor craft. The rowboats were divided between the lfi8Bissip[M River and the Lake Superior fisheries in proportions about equal to the relative size of their respective total fleets. All of the sailing craft reported belonged to tbe Lake Supe- rior district. The Tahie of tiie transporting vessels belonging to the Lake Superior district makes the inrestmmt in vessels and boats in that district much higher than that in the Mississippi River district, which had products of a greater value. In the fisheries of the Lake Superior district 39 per cent of the 0iHI»taI was inTested in floatmg craft, while 29 per cent was invested in apparatus of capture. A little over one-half of the investment in ressels and boats represented the value of transporting vessels. ^ The following tabular statement gives detailed sta- tistics at the number of vessels and boats: GUMCVCBAIT. ▼t—iu Am moum tioa TotaL district. Lake 8qp«te district. Total 603 482 2U Transporting vessels' r 81 30 "1 4 207 18 90 US 4 Boats....... 482 64 Sail Row 4i2 ! • other I Tonnage, 45. A large increase is evident in the total value of the floating craft of the Lake Superior fisheries in 1908, as compared with 1899, when the value was only $7,900. In the earlier year this district had only 91 boats, none of which were motor boats, while in the later year thete were 211 boats, of which 18 were power boats. In the Mississippi River district the value of the boats was only $3,000 in 1899, and in that year only 263 boats were reported, as compared with 482 in 1908. The total inrestment in apparatus of capture was $43,000. The inrestment ot ^ Lake Superior dis- trict in apparatus of capture exceeded tiiat ot the Mississippi River district, and was confined to gill nets, lines, and pound nets. In the interior waters of the state, except for a few dip nets, only hand lines and spears were reported. In the following tabular state- ment detailed statistics, concemuig the number of various kinds at apparatus at captme axe given: Pip nets Fyke and hoop oMs Gill nets Pound nets Seines Spears, etc Trammel nets Traps, frog , Tnva, mink and ouaknt. AWABAnm or cunvrnK 1908. Total. 34 234 1,288 162 86 212 6 43 1,9S0 Mississippi River . . wRoOt. 34 234 29 77 86 212 6 43 1,980 Lake 91 FISHERIES, BY STATES. 175 ProdwtSf 6y spedea.— The fidheiy products of the rtate in 1908 are distributed by spedes and by appa- ratus of capture in Table 1, on page 177. The total of 7,475,000 pounds, valued at $192,000, represents a large increase over the products in 1899, the latest year prior to 1908 for which complete data for the state as a whole are aviUable. In 1899 the total yield, as re- puted by the Bureau of Fidieries, was oidy 1,931,000 pounds, with a value of $55,000. The year 1899, how- ever, is an unfavorable year for comparison because of the fact that restrictive legislation recently passed had caused a temporary decline in the fishery activi- ties of the state. A more correct conception of the rate of decrease may be obtained from a eompariscm of the figures for 1908 with those given in the report of the Bureau of Fisheries for 1894, which showed the fishery products of the ^lississippi River district of tiie state alone in that year to be 6,401,000 pounds. The catch of fish proper in 1908 amounted in the aggregate to 6,610,000 pounds, or 89 per cent of the total weight of all fishery products, and wma valued at $173,000, or 90 per cent of the total value of sadi products. Products, hj fishing grounds. — The products of the Mississippi River antl its tributaries and those of the Lake Superior district for 1908 are given in detail, by species and by apparatus of capture, in Tables 2 and 3, on pages 177 and 178, respectively. The eatoh ai the Ifiasissippi River district amounted to 3,674,000 pounds and had a value of $109,000, while the catch of the fisheries of Lake Superior amounted to 3,802,000 pounds, valued at $83,000. In the fisheries of the Jklississippi River and its tributa- ries the value of fish proper conistituted 82 per cent of the value of the total product, while in the Lake Supe- rior district the entire product was fish proper. Of the value of fish, 48 per cent was reported for the Lake Superior fisheries and 52 per cent for the Mississippi River fisheries. The most important product of the Mississippi River district was German carp, for which a value of $26,000, or 24 per cent of the total for the district, was reported, although the vahie of the buffak>-fish product was nearly as great. In the Lake Superior district herring was the prin- cipal product, with a value of S38.000, or 46 per cent of the total value of the i)roducts of this district. The next tabular statement gives the distribution of the value of fishery products, according to species and districts. The quantity and value of the products taken by the fisheries of the Lake Superior waters show a gradual increase, according to the reports of the Bureau of Fisheries. The Lake Superior products amounted to 183,000 pounds, valued at $6,200, in 1890; 609,000 pounds, valued at $14,000, in 1899; and 2,176,000 pounds, valued at $45,000, in 1903. TotaL. Fish Lake herring Carp, German Bunalo fis!i Catfish and bullheads I'ike i>erch l^ake trout .St'irueoii :ini! i i ir Pike and piei.erel Whiteflsh All ottier Mussel shelis, pearls, and slugs. Frogs AUoOmt ▼ALUS or ntoovcn: 1908. Misrisrippi River district. Lake Superior district. $192,000 9U9,900 $83,000 173,000 38,000 2(1,000 22,000 14.000 12,000 12,000 11,000 11,000 10.000 15.000 8.400 7.900 2,900 90,000 83,009 38,009 2>).0OO 22.(.)(« 14,000 1,100 U,9W U,«Q9 6,400 6,M» 10,999 1,999 5.800 5,900 14.000 8.400 7,900 2,900 In the following tabular statement the distribution of the value of products of the Lake Supoior district in 1906 is shown, by species and by waters: SPECIES. mtmicT: 1908. TotaL Lake Superior. Lake of the Woods. Ratty $83,000 $50,000 $27,000 $6,200 38.000 12.000 11,000 10,000 5,400 5.100 1,000 38.000 12,000 9,500 8,000 5,000 4,000 1,400 3,300 300 1,100 200 800 It appears that lake herring and lake trout were the only fish caught in any considerable ^^uantity m Lake Suporior itsdf . All of the pike podii, sturgeon, pike, and pickerel, and nearly all of tihe whiteflsh re- ported for the Lake Superior district were obtained from the Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake. Products, hy apparatus of capture. — The distribution of products, by kind of apparatus used and by fishery districts, is given in the following tabular statement: KIND OF APPAKATUS. TotaL. GUI nrts Pound nets ^Anos Crowfoot dredges, etc Frog, mink, and maikzmt tiapa.. Fyke and hoop nets All other ▼AU7K or waw i cM ; 1008. TotaL lOirissIpri River district. T^ike .'^lIIK■rior districL $192,000 9109.000 983,909 53.000 50.000 44,000 22.000 8,300 2,800 2,800 9,800 53.000 l.SOO Ki.OOO 21.000 8,300 2,800 2,800 9,800 48.000 33.000 1,500 On the basis of the value of products taken, seines, gill nets, and i)ound nets \v(>re the mo.'^t important forms of apparatus of captmv, the value of their catch together constituting three-fourths of the totel value of all products. For the Lake Superior waters the 176 FISHERIES OF THE VNITES} STATES, im pvodneto eai^it hy meuis of gill nets and pomid nets had a vahie equal to 98 per cent of that of all inoducts. On the Mississippi River and its tributaries, on the otlier hand, the catch by gill nets was small and the catch by pound nets was valued at less than one- fourth of the total value of products caught by pound Mte in Hw stale. lines w&n the aeify other fonn of ■ P P M>tua of esfitase vsed in the Lake Superior dis- trict. Only 7 per cent of the total rshie of the products caught by lines contributed to the catch from these waters. In the interior waters of the Mississippi River district, on tlie other liand, where only hand lines and spears were allowed by law, lines formed an iapovtasft m e sas of oi^tnvs. Ahnosi one^fth of the ▼liw of the iriM7 piodiM^ of the IfissisBqnpi district nftmm tmd the yahis of ptodnet cs^i by hand lines. Principal species. — Lake herring, taken wholly in Lake Superior, formed the most important fishery product of the state, contributing 20 per cent of the 'valBB of iriiery products. A pert of the lake- hsBiBK eatoh was soU fresh at a Tahntka i,aoo MO MO 100 (') 300 (') 100 100 25,000 1,200 208,000 960,000 5;!. 000 36,000 900,000 1,400 100 5,000 11,000 5,300 900 M,000 25,000 3,100 1,300 200 n,tm 000 tiMonflo. MISSISSIPPI. The fisheries of Mississippi may be grouped in two divisions, including:, respective!}', the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico and those of the Mississippi River and ililiflbiiitaries. Of the total vahie of the state product Wk 1906, the Golf fieheriee contributed 82 per cent. BBood m a center for the wholesale dealers and the canners, and here oysters and shrimps are both canned and prepared for shipment fresh, in Ifoge quantities. The following statement presents a summary of the ddef atalMlies for the state fiflbflvks in 1906: WaMliii III iii niiimi riniliijiml 2,037 lintel- Vessel.* and boate, including outfit $418,000 Apparatus of capture 58, 000 Shan and mtmrntt j' p wj w rty and awh 46,000 ▼alMcfpradwto. SS6,000 Oomparison untJi previous emwasses. — A slight falling off in the numlxr of persons employed is sho^\^l for each district in 190S, as compared with the last can- vass, as well as a decrease in the quantity and in Ike Taine ci the jwoduct. An incase, however, is to be noted in the in^wetment in eqm]nnrat fl,(XJO 13,000 I. 3. (KW 13,000 II, 000 1,800 8,700 20,000 1,400 19,000 7,300 300 400 20,000 I • 11,000 I I Indades tb» valoe of one Over three-fiifths of the total investm«it in the &he]ies of the state represented the value of the sail fiffhit^g vessds tuad their outfits. All the shore and accessors'^ property and cash capital reported, with trifling exceptions, pertained to the shore and boat fisheries. The total investment was distributed in the following manner : $353,000 in vessel fisheries ; $45,0U0 in transporting vessels and $124,000 in shore and boat fisheries. Detailed statistics of the number and tonnage of the vessels and the number of the boats are given in the next table. In the vessel fisheries all but two of the craft wefe sailing vessds. Among transporting vessds steam and motor craft equal saifing craft in numbw, but the ir,000 40,000 13,000 VaMl flMMries. $302,000 21o,000 67.000 20,000 Shore and boat fisheries. $2SS,000 81,000 40,000 37,000 40.000 40,000 13,00l> Oysters. — The oyster product, all of which was taken in the Gutf of Mexico district, mostly by vessd fisher- men, contributed 53 per eent of the value of the state fishray products. The oysters taken by the shore and boat fisheries brought a price considerably higher than that received for the product of the vessel fisheries, the average price being 46 cents per bushel for the former, as against 24 cents for the latter. Oyster farming was followed to a very limited exteat, less than 1 per crait of the total oystor product being from private areas. The entire oyster product in 1908 was much smaller than in 1902, but compared with the yield in previous years, must be considered unusually large. The following statement gives statistics of the oyster product for 1908 and for previous canvasses: FISHERIES, BY STATES. 181 Buffalo This fish was the kading speeiea of fish proper, and wl» taken almost exchniyely in the Miaossippi River district, where it contributed 35 per cent of the value of the product. Fyke and hoop nets were the principal forms of apparatus of capture used. The catch of buffalo fish in 1908, although about double that of 1894, shows a de<»eafle compaied with 1899. Statistics of the catch of buffalo fish in the llisassippi River district for 1894, 1899, and 1908 are given in the f<^wing tabular statcmemt: 1008. uoo. 1887. uoo. Quantity (bushels). Value. 1,068,000 2,405,000 030,000 800,000 £81,000 25,000 $20.5. 00(1 42ti.0O0 111,000 107,000 119,000 10,000 Shrimp. — Shrimp are takm in llJssisdppi in larger quantities than in any other state except T^ouisiana. They represented 15 per cent of tlie total value of the state product, and were taken in both the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico districts. Only 3 per cent of the total shrimp product was taken in the Mississippi River district, but this small portion contributed 14 pa* cent of the total value. The vessel fisheries of the Gulf took a quantity valued at 70 per cent of the total value for the state. The product of the Gulf was taken almost exclusively ^^^th seines, while in the Mississippi River shrimp traps were the form of apparatus of capture used. In quantity the shrimp catch of 190S shows a decrease compared with that of 1902, but an increase over yetaa prior thereto. In value, however, the isimmp product has increased steadily since 1890, as is shown by the following tabular statement : rmtm. WmBlfF PKODUCT OF outv or Mxxwo MsniCT. Quantity (pounds). Value. 3,983,000 4,424,000 1,903,000 614,000 1,148,000 $09,000 58,000 29,000 13,000 21,000 BiirrALo-n.sH pbod. CCT OF MlSSl.SSOfl BITER DI8TUCT. Valoo. 1,664,000 2,023,000 MB,000 $34,000 34,000 16,000 Squeteague, or sea front. — The catch of squeteague has increased constantly in quantity, as reported at the various canvasses, and of late years, in value, as is diown by the following tabular statement: rmuu ■QtTETEAGUE rBOOVCT. QuantitT (poands). Vdn. 07,000 «S,000 453,000 372.000 258,000 $28,000 18,000 1(1,000 18,000 12,000 Other products. — Mullet contributed 4 per cent of the value of the state product. This species, almost the entire catch of whidi was taken with trammel nets, ranked third in value among the fish products proper of the state, and second among those of the Gulf district. During recent years the mullet product has increased greatly in both quantity and value, as is indicated by the following tabular statement: MmXET PBODtlCT. ssss. Vakn. l,flH,000 000,000 »a,ooo tao,ooo 10,000 2,900 a,no 182 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Ctttfab wwn lakn afanort entirety by diote and boat fishermen, and practically all of the eateh came from the Mississippi River district. They are caught chiefly with lines. The following tabular statement gives the statistics of the catch of the Mississippi Rmr dialiMl m reported al the eanyaaBes ol 1894, Tabu 1.— MISSISSIPPI— FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908. IMAM. CATFISH PBODXn:! Of MISSISSIPPI mm DISTRICT. Quantity Value. im 471,000 307,000 MB,000 S19,000 14,000 M,0 11,000 3,000 200 Value. S40,000 Quantity (pounds). Value. 1,022.000 040,000 23,000 200 8,100 no "4,'806' 7,500 200 100 200 19,000 400 13,000 y,ooo 800,000 50,000 25,000 18,000 17,000 100 800 'ii'ooo' 200 12,000 600 12,000 100 400 900 50,000 3,200 1,000 6,000 1,000 2,600 600 400 800 Another Quantity (pounds). «,000 700 (») 700 (') (') 2,800 aoo (•) 300 » 9,800 5,600 14,000 13,000 1,500 28,000 22^666 400 2,500 200 4,400 100,000 « 7,423,000 » 50,000 ilodndeat Vdne. 7,802,000 ; S312,000 300 100 1,500 400 («> '(')' 100 200 13,000 292,000 3,800 ^orals' "iifi"»ifl'Yl'^ ffj ffMiyj|Si£fl^ shrimp^^ngs and to^, 178.000 pounds, valued at t mj mi HOlOO'poaiids. n,wb/i» bushels!^ v«iwiiO||^.^ himhAi. » 7,100 busheia. FISHERIES, BY STATES. Taha a.— mSSIBSIPPI— fishery products of gulf of MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908. 188 Total. lisb: Biack bass. Bluefish.... Catfish. Cnpplo. Croaker., Drum,! Dram, aatt-watar. Floanden Menhaden........ MuUet Pompano Sailor's choice, or pinfish . Sheepshead. Spadefish Spanish Spot.... Sunl3sh, or bi \^iti^'? AH other Crabs, hard Crabs, soft Shrimp Terrapin Turtles Oysters, marlrat, from public Oyttan, TOTAL. Quantity (pounds). 17,302,000 1,700 18,000 31,000 227,000 8,100 176,000 2,400 17,000 38,000 3,149,000 1,035,000 4,600 9,200 81,000 6,900 7,100 71,000 5,300 517,000 12,000 2,300 380,000 47,000 3,983,000 5,100 2,200 47,423,000 •50,000 Value. $450,000 100 800 600 10,000 100 3,700 100 600 2,000 3,900 20.000 400 200 4,300 200 500 1,300 200 28,000 400 100 9,800 5,000 69,000 1,200 100 292,000 3,800 nODCCT CAUGHT BT— Quantity (poonds). 7,331,000 Value. 4,900 5,200 30,000 160 37,000 100 3,600 2,300 3,149,000 41,000 1,200 1,900 7,600 2,400 1,400 20,000 1,200 80,000 3,060 3,925,000 5,100 8,800 882,000 200 100 1.700 700 (») 100 100 3,900 800 100 400 100 100 400 4,400 100 68,000 1,200 100 Tiammel Quantity (pound*). 1,818,000 200 13,000 14,000 174,000 100 100,000 2,200 11,000 7,200 500 973,000 3,300 6,400 58,000 4,900 5,400 50,000 3,500 383,000 7,800 1,400 Value. 800,000 (») 600 300 900 2,000 (») 400 300 (») 18,000 300 100 3,000 100 400 900 100 21,000 300 100 Lines. Quantity (pounda). 1,500 (') 12,000 15,000 1,000 25,000 300 2,000 300 000 13,000 100 400 900 SOO 80,000 1,800 380,000 47,000 Value. 021.000 Cut nets. Quantity (pounds). Valne. 62,000 81,900 (') 100 300 700 100 600 (•). (*) 100 700 ;800 9,800 5,600 All Quantity (pounds). 7,541,000 1,100 14,000 100 300 400 100 I 38,000 Va 22,000 400 8,800 300 300 100 4,400 400 100 (») (*>. 200 18,000 700 40,000 < 7,423.000 * 50,000 292,000 3,800 I Includes appafatns, wKh 4M00 poimds, 'ramed at 8800, DvedgeB, tongs, etc., 7,mjm poands, ■ Laa tiiaa 100 poonds. i,000; spears, etc., 28,000 * IflBOjaoO bushels. •081,500; and shrimp IM * 7,100 bushels. Taus 8.— MI88I88IFPI— fishery PRODUCTS OF lUSSISSim RIVER DISTRICT: 1908. snaxs. Total. Black bass Buffalo fish C|^j^ennan . . . . Cniiple Dnun, freah-waler. 0«*lHr. Kock bass Strawberry l>ass. TOTAL. Quantity 3,245,000 13,000 1,664,000 26,000 471,000 87,000 334,000 463,000 4,U0 12,000 3,000 0^800 Vataa. 897,000 900 34,000 500 10,000 4,700 6,500 14,000 4,000 700 200 40O 400 11.000 raoDUCT CAVSRt BT— 1,766,000 1,154,000 14,000 71,000 11,000 244,000 253,000 10,000 Vaioe. 840,000 23,000 300 8,100 700 4,800 7,500 Quantity (powiids). 787,000 2,000 421,000 12,000 40^000 28,000 59,000 200,000 8,000 3,000 Value. 826,000 200 9,600 300 2,000 1,500 1,200 6,800 8,800 100 Quantity (pounds). 472,000 11,000 80,000 338,000 49,000 18,000 12,000 3,000 1,000 6,000 Value. 810,000 700 700 13,000 2,500 400 700 200 300 Quantity (poands). 01,C 42,000 18^1 Value. 81.300 800 ABottvi Quantity (pounds). 180,000 13,000 "•.'ooo' 1,000 u^ooo Value. 813.000 (») 11,0 > Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Shrimp traps, 138,000 pounds, vahMd at 811/100, and 184 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. 4^--]fI88ISBIFFI-P]IODUCTB OF VSB81L FIBBEBIB8 CfF GULF €9 MXZiOO DISIBiOT: Flounders . Menhaden. mackwd. Shrimp , Terrain , OjaUn, market, from public areas. Quantity (pounds). Value. 13,188,000 13,000 3,600 100,000 S,80» 600 100 4,200 5,700 2,751,000 353,000 2,900 22,000 300 3,400 300 1,000 S.fi00 4,000 43.000 178,000 4,400 2,600 100 300 800 9,aoo 100 100 3,405,000 600 * 6,226,000 56,000 200 214,000 1,100 FKOOUCT CAVOar BT- Quantitv (pounds). «,M4,O0O *6, 226, 000 Value. t2U,000 214,000 i.in (pounds). 6k3n,000 3,800 1,400 20,000 u,m i;aoo 1,200 2,751,000 24,000 900 3,800 2, 100 1,100 15,000 40,000 1,400 1,000 3,406,000 Value. 106,000 200 I 900 100 3,400 400 100 200 (■) 100 300 2,200 0) Q) M^OOO Quantity (pounds). 667.000 8,900 2.200 80,000 96^000 4,000 4,000 200 329,000 2,000 18,000 3,400 3,400 28,000 138,000 3,000 1,600 ValiMi S20,00» 400 100 3,400 SO0 Mi 209 6,800 300 100 200 500 7, 100 100 * S^OOO tanlMk. Table 5.— MISSISSIPPI— PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF GULF OF MEXICO DISTRICT: 1908. Fish: Blark haas. Bloeesh.... Onppie Croaker Oram, tresb- water. llmhadea. Mullet Pompano Sailor's choice, or pinfish. Sqneteainie. or sea trout. Sunfish. or f Whiting. Crmhs Oabs, so Shrimp. Tempio Turtles.. , finym publie u , from privsto t Quantity (pounds). 1,700 5,200 200 27,000 127,000 2, 100 132,000 2,400 12.000 32,000 398,000 682,000 1,600 7,000 2,700 28,000 339,000 5,. 300 7^300 380,000 47,000 578,000 4,500 2,200 « 1,197,000 •32,000 Value. Tnmmelnets. Quantity (pounds). 1,161,000 100 300 m 600 9,m 1,700 500 13,000 200 200 3,200 200 .500 19,000 200 200 100 9,800 5,600 12,900 1,100 100 78,000 2,700 200 4,000 200 11,000 93,000 100 71,000 2,200 7,200 2,000 300 644,000 1,300 5,500 40,000 2,100 22,000 245,000 3,500 4,300 1,500 Value. (') 200 (*) 200 4,500 (») 1,500 (h 300 100 (') 12,000 100 100 2,200 200 400 14,000 100 100 100 Quantity (pounds). 1,500 0) 12,000 15,000 1,900 25,000 200 2,000 100 200 600 v,m 400 900 50,000 500 1,500 660 Value. 100 300 700 100 600 (') 100 (») (*)_ (*) (») 2.800 (») («) (») •,800 6,660 Bttam. Quantity (pounds). 1» 1,200 3,800 18,000 100 23,000 100 2,000 1,100 396,000 17,000 200 1,100 aoo 4,500 40,000 1,200 1,600 520,000 4,500 2,200 VsluCL 100 100 800 500 (') 100 (') 600 300 (») 100 2,200 (') 11,000 1,100 100 All other apparatus.' Quantity (pounds). MM^MO 1,1 14,000 400 28,000 22,000 '466 '"in 68,600 < 1,197,000 » 32,000 188,1 (-> 1,500 400 (*). 1,160 "8,000 2,700 I Tn- 1n*P*n*ds, valued at S800. »--*— *JL«ssthaaS100. • Less tban 100 pounds. < 171,000 bushels. » 4,500 bushels. ■ \ I! Missoinki. The fishing grounds of Missouri are the Mississippi, St. Francis, Missouri, Osage, and Gasconade Rivers and the Little River Overflow, as well as minor wateis. Thqr BiAy be grouped in two districts, comprising, nspeetively, the Waaadp^ Bivtg with its tributaries, SKchisive of the Missouri River, and the Missouri Biver with its tributaries. The fisheries of the state are all of the shore and boat class, no documented vessels being employed. The following is a general summary of the industry for 1908: Number of persons employed W8 Boats 125,000 Apparatus of capture S9f 000 Cboie and 6MxeoBory property and caeii 27,000 VafaMoffModacto 271,000 Oomparigon wUh previoui canvasses. — comparison with the reports of the Bureau of Fisheries for former years shows considerable fluctuation in the number of persons employed, capital invested in equipment, and products. The following tabular statement gives such comparative figures for 1894, 1899, and 1908: FISHERIES, BY STATES. 186 EgmpmeiU and eOsr eafUdL—The following tabular statement ^ves the value of the equipment and the amount of other capital employed in the industry, together with the distribution of the same ])etween the Mississippi River and the Missouri River districts: TBAB. PenoiM em- ployed, men. nK»ocn. TotaL Boata. Appara- tmat capture. Quantity (pounds). Valoe. 1908 1899 1884 606 1,U6 607 $64,000 52,000 36,000 1 639,000 34,000 24,000 6,751,000 7,551,000 3,822,000 $271,000 211,000 120,000 Persons employed. — The distribution of the persons engaged in fishing in 1908 is given in the following tabidar statement. Ahnost tiirae^oaryis of the total number wero employed in the fisheries of the Missis- jdppi River and its tributaries other than the Missouri River. This district reported an even larger propor- tion of the wage-earners: TKMaom nobonD: 160B. Ntmber. Wages. Total. Proprie- tors and inde- IiCTid^t men. Wage- earners. 906 1746 160 $21,000 660 337 533 m 136 24 19,000 2,600 cuMormwmmmn. TotaL 1 Mississippi jftiver Missouri 061,600 671,000 S,000 11,000 14,000 39,000 12,000 14,000 30.000 9.400 10.000 30.000 9.800 12,000 6,860 1.700 4.100 8.300 2.700 2,800 ▼AUJB or MtomiKire amp < CAimL: 1600. The number of boats reported was 785, ^diich com- prised 33 steam and motor and 526 row boats in the Mississippi Rivw distoict and 9 steam and motor and 217 row boats in the Missouri River district. The following tabular statement shows the number of the more important kinds of apparatus of capture used: KINP. Firearms Fyke and hoop i Pound nets 8cillC8> • >•>>•••••■■>>>«-■•• Spears, etc Trammel nets Traps, muskrat and otter. MtfAMktm or cAmas: 1168. TotaL Mississippi River district. 111 Ill 0,019 4,601 » 26 188 137 68 68 161 85 1,580 1,580 Missouri H iver district. I, US ""a. 76 Apparatus of capture represented a little more than two-^fths of the capital invested, the balance being about equally divided brtween boats on the one hand and shore and aoceesoiy property and cash capital on the other. Products. — The prockicts of all fi.sherios of tlu' state, distributed by species and apparatus of capture, are given in Table 1 , on page 186. The German carp led in quantity and value, and was f<^owed by catfish, bull- heads, and buffalo fish, the catches of these four species representing nearly three-fifths of the total value of products. The frog catch was of considerable impor- tance, while muskrat, mink, and otter .skins contributed nearly 6 per cent of the total value of protlucts. In Tables 2 and 3, On page 1S7, the products are distributed by specaes and apparatus of capture for the two districts. The distribution of the principal FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. ptoducto, by speciM and dfotiiets, is giroi in the f<^ Total. Carp, Getmao. Catfish and ' ' Buffalo fish Black Orai^ne Tn^ Mussel shell";, pearls, and slugs ... Skiiis-^naskrat, mink, and otter. TAI.T7S or PSODUCTS: 1908. TotaL S271,000 241,000 80,000 51.000 30.000 27.000 17,000 11,000 •,«00 5.100 11.000 11,000 1.600 16,000 400 Mississippi Rlyer Missouri RiTcr S197,000 168,000 44,000 37,000 25,000 27,000 16,000 5,900 8,500 1,400 5,000 11,000 1,600 15,000 400 S74,000 74,000 37,000 15,000 4.900 100 1,300 i,m t,m Tbe d&tobolion itf tlM Talne of tiw prodncte Big to i^ipanlw (rf etaptxm used was m tcSkma: rum aw fbodoctk 1908. TotaL Mississippi Mlssoorl Rlrar Total 1271,000 $197,000 $74,000 88,000 68,000 46,000 40,000 15,000 14,000 65,000 42,000 40,000 30,000 15,000 14,000 23,000 26,400 5,000 ao!,ooo Fyke and hoop nets are credited with the largest catch for the Mississippi Biyer district, and seines with the lai^est catch for the IfiaBoari Biver diatrict. Tabu 1.-^MIS80URI— FISHERY FBODUCTS: UW8. Black bass. Bream, or sa Buffalo fish Carp, German Catfish and bullheads. Pike Vnrls and sln^. Bdns. mink and FBOOUCT CAUGHT BT— TOTAL. e» 751, 000 329,000t 441,000 993,000 2,432,000 1,166,000 336,000 34,000 323,000 17,080 58,000 34,000 aoo 87,000 1,900 4400 •9^800 Ytlae. 1271,000 27,000 9,600 30,000 80,000 51,000 17,000 700 11,000 1,000 4000 1,200 2,700 100 1,400 11,000 100 400 1,000 800 3,100 12,080 FytewilHp Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. QuantitT (pounds). Value. Quaoti^ (pounds). Value. QoaatitT (poonds). Value. Quantity (pounds). ValMu 2,538,000 888,000 1,915,000 »>8,000 970,000 846,000 1,082,000 $40,000 26,000 $1,100 248,000 $28,000 43,000 271,000 476,000 928,000 378,000 152,000 13,000 145,000 2,700 49,000 12,000 9,200 3,500 5,800 15,000 31,000 16,000 7,400 300 4,800 200 1,400 30O 700 61,000 143,000 299,000 841,000 200,000 137,000 8,800 n,ooo 7,700 51,000 5,800 12,000 300 40,000 5,200 2,900 8,700 ■211,1X10 10,000 7,000 200 2,900 400 1,700 100 1,000 (') 1,500 9101.000 Ifi.OflO 24,000 25,000 173,000 516, OCO 104,000 33,000 8,600 62,000 4,900 26,000 200 11,000 4^,^000 li^DOO 1,800 800 5,200 18,000 0,300 1,700 200 2,300 300 900 % 1.(M¥) 100 38,000 141,000 482,000 3,000 2,800 44,000 1,600 400 41,000 2,600 .1,400 ,5,100 19,000 200 100 1,500 100 (') 800 200 7,000 5,000 2,500 10,000 200 100 100 600 600 (') 1,500 (') (») 1,600 ^'ioo 40,000 300 17,000 1,600 100 400 9,100 1,000 500 % 16,000 400 67,000 1,100 11,011 (») 800 (') 300 2,700 100 20,000 800 (*) 170,000 1,000 600 3, 100 12,000 ^400 * 9,800 IP Mnskrat traps, etc., 10,000 pounds, valued at $1,600. viiMd at t7,an; FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tabui a.-4Ifi380URI—mHBBT FRODUCIS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVEB DISTRICT: liOB. 187 Tetd. Blaokbass Bream, or sunfisb Buffalo fish Cig^Oennan. . . . Crai Dnim, fresh-water. Eels Paddlefish Pike POn perdi (waitmd pike) BoekUunaadwlAsb Sturgeon Caviar and Suckers Frogs Turtles and ten^iiii... Mussel shells Pearls and slugs Skins, mink and otter. Skins, muskrat TOTAL. Quantity (pounds.) 8,40,000 328,000 421,000 894,000 1,735,000 987,000 313,000 14. (KX) 233,000 f.,500 94,000 68,000 300 300 54,000 300 38,000 67,000 88,000 170,000 <400 * 9,800 Value. $197,000 27,000 8,500 25,000 44,000 87,000 16,000 300 5,900 300 2,300 1,200 (=) (■-) 1,200 100 800 11,000 400 1,000 600 3, 100 12,000 Fyke and boop Data. Seines. Lines. Trammel nets. Fwrndneti. Anctoy- Quantity (pounds). Value. i^untity (pounds). Value. Qiianiity (pounds). Value. Quantitv (pounds). Value. QoantttT (pounds). Vdne. QuantitT (pounds). Vabn. 3,l«B,flOO I8I»000 1,4BQ^«0 $^,000 881,000 $40,000 682,000 820,000 26,000 81,100 248,000 828,008 42,000 2(.5,000 448,000 705,000 830,000 146,000 6,800 1 118,000 600 41,000 1 12,000 1 100 3,400 5,400 13,000 19,000 12,000 7,000 200 3, 100 (') 1,000 300 (») 61,000 137,000 250,000 593,000 137,000 130,000 2,500 39,000 3,700 38,000 5,800 200 300 15,000 •5, 100 2,600 6,700 13,000 4,900 6,fi00 (») 900 200 900 100 (•) % 201,000 \,m 35,000 109, 0 Includes appamtos, with eatoh, as fallows: Tiaps, muskrat, etc., 10,000 pounds, valued at $15,000; guns, 40,000 pounds, valued at $7..V)(); spears, etc, 22,000 pounds ▼alued at $3,600; and «l»wfca*dfBdt«^ 170^000 pounds, valued at $1,600. , onn loanmen^. sLaMtbaDSUU. • Leas than 100 pounds. 'SOOskins. * 29,000 skins. Tabu 8.-4a880UBI— FISHBEY PBODUGTS OF MISSOURI EIVBR DI8TBICT: 1M8. Total. Bream, or sunflsh Buffalo flsh Carp, German CMUi Mid biriUMads.. Draai, ftcdi-water. Paddlefish Ffke perch (wall-eyed pike). TOTAL. Quantity (pounds). 1 ,808,000 1,.300 20, OCX) 99,000 697,000 179,000 23,000 20,000 90,000 35,000 34,000 78,000 1^808 Value. r4,on loo 1,100 4,900 37,000 16,000 1,300 400 5,600 700 1,700 2,700 3,700 PRODUCT CAUGHT BY— Quantity (pounds). «8,000 700 6,300 43,000 248,000 63,000 6,900 6,200 33,000 4,000 13,000 12,000 25,000 Value. 836,000 100 300 2, 100 13,000 5,200 400 100 1,900 TOO 900 1,300 200 Fyke and boep iMta. Quantity (pounds). Value. 301,000 400 5,900 28,000 224,000 47,000 6,500 5,900 27,000 2, MO 7,900 9,200 22,000 41« 823,000 300 1,500 12,000 4.100 400 100 1,700 100 300 700 1,100 900 Quantity (pounds). 370,000 loo 7,800 25,000 192,000 46,000 8,800 6,400 24,000 8,800 13,000 11,000 26,000 8,808 Value. 820,000 400 1,200 10,000 3,600 500 100 1,400 200 600 800 1,200 Quantity (pounds). 77,000 'm 400 8,500 83,000 23,000 900 1.200 5,900 400 2,ti00 5,300 tfVo Value. $5,400 (') 200 2,000 1,900 (•) 100 400 200 400 tbaaSUN. I FISH£BI£S OF THE UNHED STATES, 1908. NEBRASKA. In 1908 commercial fishing in this state was confined to shore and boat fishing in the Missouri River. The products comprised seven species, of which the cliief was Gennan carp. The other kinds of fiish taken, ■ ■ W iii t iithafltdgolthaTahieolthecatdi, w«« ea^ Mk, Imffalo fiah, pwidlnfiih, gtargexm, fraeb-water drum, and pike praeh, or waO-eyed pike. The follow- ing statement gives a summaij of the priiwipal frtatitr tics of the industry for 1906: Number of penoM eaf^yed. 129 Capital: 1 »i.soa itiifl of capture 1^500 I and accesBory property 600 icf p to d ucto 22,000 Comparison with previous canvasses. — While, in the ■annlMr of penMiM employed, Tafaie ).... 5,600 300 FISHERIES, BY STATES. NEW HAMPSmSB. New Hampshire has but one county bordering upon the Atlantic Ocean, and its fisheries, wliich are all of the shore and boat class, are of relatively small im- portance. The principal statistics for 1908 are given in the following statement: Number of persona employed 79 Boats 113,000 Apparatus of capture 10, 000 Shore and accessory property and cai^ 200 YalwKrf pioducto , 53,000 As earij as 1888 the Bureau of Fisheries reported that there had been a considerable diminution in the importance of the fisheries of the state, a decrease being evident in the number of persons employed, in the amount of capital invested, and in the quantity and value of the products. Tliis downward tendency has, on the whole, continued, althou^ the heavy de- crease in the quantity of products since 1898 has been accompanied by an increase in their value. Further- more, since 1905 the investment in equipment has in- creased, as shown in the following tabular statement: Persons employed, exclusive of shonsnwn. VALUE or EQumaura. PBODUCI8. Total. Vessels and boats, including outfit. Appa- ratus of capture. Quantity (pounds). VafaM. 79 132 147 143 sao $23,000 18.WX) 24.000 25,000 64,000 $13,000 8.200 12.000 13,000 41,000 $10,000 9.tjOO 11. (XK) 12,000 23,000 677.000 1,030. (XX) 1.. 59.3. 000 1 3,021,000 3,843,000 $53,000 52,000 50.0(X) 49,000 90,000 Of the 79 persons employed in 1908, 78 were pro- prietors and independent fishermen, and only one was reported as a wage-earner. The following tabular statem^t shows tiie invest- ment in the New Hampshire fisheries in 1908: Total. Boats Steam and motor SaU Bow lofe^ttnn. AND onnn cahial: 1908. NwBber. 80 36 17 27 VahM. $23. ax) 13.000 11,000 1,400 800 10,000 aoo I Less than tlOO. Six gill nets, 2,730 lobster pots, 3 moss rakes, and 11 weirs were reported. Statistics concerning the iisheiy products of the state, distributed aoeoniUng to q>ecies and apparatus of capture, are giyen in the tabolar statraMiit at the end of this section. In 1908 the value of lobsters con- stituted 81 per cent of the vahie of aU products.' Hie lobster product has increased ra^cOj in quantity and more rapidly in value since the canvass of 1888, as shown below: TXAB. 1908 1905 1898 rBODUCI. Quantitv (pounds). 264,000 256,000 100,000 1»,000 Vabw. $43,000 33,000 9,400 In other respects the fislieries of New Hampshire have sufTered a decrea.se in importance. In IS.SS the catch of c(3d was 1,426,000 pounds, valued at 820,000; that of haddock was 1,069,000 pounds, valued at $20,000; and that of halibut 143,000 pounds, valued at $12,000. Compared with these figures the totals for 1908 were very small, as may be seen from the tabular statement given below: nSHEBY PKODUCTS: 19U8. nnMHtflamVpy— Lines. AU other appa- ratus.' Qoantity (poimds). Value. Quantity (poooda). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. «n,ooo 168,000 211,000 $5,500 467,000 $48,000 Fish: 121,000 135,000 100,000 13,000 6,300 2.(i00 1.800 3,900 2.700 100 100 .300 121,000 44,000 1,808 1,488 91,000 100. (XX) 13,000 6,300 2.600 2.700 100 100 I'ollack.... .......... 2.600 264,000 35,000 300 43,000 1,400 2t>4.(HIO 43.000 ,35.000 1,400 > Includes apparatn.s, with (^tch, as follows: Lobster pots. 2(V4. 000 pounds, valued at $43,000: Tx)nii.l m is and weirs, 124.000 ix)unds, valuetl ;a gill noti, MSW pounds, valued at $1,4UU; and rakes, 35,000 pounds, valued at $1,400. NEW JBB8ST. In 1908 New Jersey ranked d^th in value of fisheiy products, with a catch valued at $3,069,000. Oysters were the loading product, their value forming 45 per cent of the total value of the fishery products of the state; while squcteague, hard clams, and shati were other prominent varieties. Delaware Bay, the Lower Bay, and the numerous coves and inlets along the coast are among the more important fishing grounds of the state. The following statement gives the principal sta- tistics for the fisheries of the state in 1908: Number of persons employed 7, 231 Capital: Vessels and boats, including ootfit. $1,100,000 Apparatus of capture S46, 000 Shore and accessory property and cash 200, 000 Value 4,041 4 3.186 8744,000 81,500 * $742,000 ToKi fidMries 2.329 I 115 4,701 86 39 3,687 T 1,990 7fl 1,034 86 399,000 20.000 •300,000 24,000 1,500 396,000 20,000 300,000 24,000 1 Esclusive of 75 proi»ietors not flshii^. > IncludM fcovMona ftiiiiWMd to tiM vabw of $138,OO0L Of the shoresmen, 82 were employed in the shore and boat fisheries and 4 in the vessel fisheries. Including shoresmen, 4,78.3 persons were engaged in the shore and boat fishaies and 2,333 in the vessel fisheries, Thm pro]»ietonr and indepmAent fishermen outnum- hmd the sahsried employees and wage-eaRMrs, owing to the preponderance of independent fishermera ^anAng those engaged in tlie shore and boat fisheries. Equipment and other capital. — The statistics of cap- ital invested are shown in the next table. The value of the vessels and their outfits and boats amoonted to $1,100,000 and fbnned 64 per cent of the total investment. Cmtiaiy to the general role in coast fisheries, both the mmdber and the Takie of power vessels and boats were greater than those of sail ves- sels and sailboats, there being 1,176 of the former class, valued y,it]\ their outfits at $849,000, and 1 ,002 of the latter, valued with then- outfits at $203,000. Of tte total rtiub 5,000 30,000 22,000 23,000 137,000 4,400 44,000 1,400 100 Dredges, tongs, etc., pound and trap nets, lines, gill nets, and seines, ranking with respect to the value of the product taken by them in the order named, were employed in taking fishery products representing 98 per cent of the total value of the fooduct of the state. Dredges, tongs, etc., show a catch far in excess of tiiat of other apparatus. The product taken by these implements in the vessel fisheries was nearl}" three times as heavy as that taken in the shore and boat fisheries, but less than twice as valuable. The catch with pound and trap nets included a large number of species. Overone-half of the vaiueof thdr catch represented the value of squeteague taken. But- teifish, silver hake, menhaden, and whiting were other TBAS. All species. Ofrtm. $.3,0f,9.000 $1..3C.9.000 1 . li'.iJ. IKIO 1,682,000 S,081,«00 45 50 47 •8 3,614,000 3,177,000 Nearly two-thirds of the 03'stcr product in 1908, or 1,667,000 bushels, consisted of seed oysters, but the value of these, $485,000, was oidy a little more than one-third of the value of the entire oyster yield. Ol the seed oysters, 772,000 bu^els, valued at $236,000, came from public areas, and 895,000 budiels, valued at $248,000, from private areas. There has been a marked growth since 1904 in the seed-oyster product from private areas. In that year the yield of seed Ifi FIBH£BI£& OF TM& UNIT£D STATES, 1908. «fBters was 826,000 bushels, valued at $393,000, but of tliiB only 1,300 bdahels, valued at $500, came from ptirate badi. BatwMB 1904 and 1908, therefore, the aeed oysters from private areas increased 894,000 bualiels in quantity and S248,000 in value; while the seed product from public areas decreased 53,000 bushels in quantity and §157,000 in value. In the case of the market oysters essentially all of the ]»odiiet is tdcen fnm privi^ anas, only 15,000 twaihiilii, Tahnd at $12,000, out of the total market oyster pfodaet of 920,000 bushels, valued at $884,000, being from public areas in 1908. In quantit}^ the oysters reported for the vessel fisheries exceeded those from the shore and boat fisheries in the proportion of nearly five to one. The vessel catch comprised chiefly and ojstos. The foflowk^ tabular statement ghres tte dislribatiaii d the tfjaUir prodact between the veoo e i fi a h wie e and the shore and boat fiahones and between poblie and private beds: ▼cHrtSiaata. Shore and boat fisheries. Qoantity CtouiMla). Value. Qoanttiv Value. Quan- tity eli). Value. Total ■■rkct oysters From pabBe waB . From priyate areas Seed oysters From publie areas . Fnm private aicH 2,SM,000 11,369,000 2, 122,000 1988,000 464,000 $380,000 920.000 884.000 628.000 575,000 292,000 309,000 15.000 901.000 1,667,000 12,000 8?2,000 4S5.000 623,000 1.494.000 2,300 573,000 413,000 11,000 281,000 173,000 9,600 299.000 71.000 772,000 805,000 2;«i.(X)) ■24S, 000 6-23.000 871,000 173,000 240,000 148,000 24,000 63,000 8,100 Sguetea^ue. — Squeteague ranked second in value nwmg the products of the New Jersey fijsheries. ^radically aU ui the eatdi of this species was taken B the riMMre and boat fiahtries. The quantity and the Talue of the catcb haTS increased steadity, as is shown Igr the foUowing eoaqiarisoii with ptwions eaBrasses: aQUSXEAOUS QuantitT (pooDds). Value. 11,814.000 10.699.000 079. 000 4,430,000 $342,000 253,000 181,000 133,000 1901 , HmfddmM. — ^Haid elams ranked next to squeteague li ynkm, mm^ ail of the ptodnet beo^; from tiie shore and boat fisheries. The following statement shows that the hard-elam product has been decreasing in vahie siaoe 1887: TBAB. BABo-atM nooocc. Quantity (bushels). Value. 273.000 271.000 591.000 392,000 KilS.OOO 3,52,000 ,544.000 196,000 Shad. — Tliis species ranked fourth, with a catch valued at $229,000. All of the shad product was taken by theshore and boatfisheiies. The decrease from^ amounts reported in former years has been conaidenii- Ue, as indicated in the fdlowing statement: SBAO PRODUCT. Quantity (poands). Value. 3,004.000 4,338,000 13,0IH,000 5229,000 239,000 343,000 Cod. — ^The cod product of New Jersey in 1908 was 3,767,000 pounds, valued at $130,000. More than three-fifths of this quantity was taken in the vessel fisheries. The total catch of 1904 was far below that of 1897 or oi 1906, as may be seen from the con^ara- tire statistics wldeh loDow. ODD laOBVOT. 1. Quantity (pooBdi). Value. 3,767,000 (130,000 M,on Sea Um. — ^Another important qpedes was sea bass. About two-thirds of the product was taken in flbore and boat fisheries. The catch has ^Aeadily increased since 1897, as the followiia^ con^Munscm diows: TXAB. a»Mr9A» fBODUCX. Quantity (pounds). vain. 3,161,000 2,572,000 2,111,000 1123,000 98,000 74,080 1901 TOUKRIliS, BY STATES. Its rwi: Alewlves. . Bluefish.. Bonito Butterflah Quantity (pounds). Cod........ Croaker Eels Flounders. ^dook Hake Horse niuulni. Hidlet. Perch, whit*... Perch, yelloir.. Pollack , Scut Seal Bea robin. CHlTer hake. Smelt Spanish mackerel... Spot Squeteague StripedbaM SturReon Cavliir Suckers Tautog Tomcod All otber..... bwd.. ■oft... Idof. . Shiliwp. aqM... Terrapin... Turtles.... ICnsaels.... Oama, hard.. S, fOrf. . . Oysters, market, from public areas Oysters, market, from private areas Ofsters, aiMl, taapab- Ho areas Ojrsters, seed, from pri- vate areas j'06,2fi6.000 ■Mm mink and miiakrftt U 3,000 1,300,000 1,850.000 578.000 2,054,000 230,000 68,000 8,767,000 790.000 253,000 650,000 20,000 181,000 207,000 86,000 12,417,000 7,600 140,000 17,000 84,000 1,19<).000 3,161,000 62,000 8,004,000 8,780,000 7,500 7,100 255,000 11,814,000 5.3,000 132,000 9,700 74,000 112,000 11,000 19,000 282,000 03.000 4,007,000 115,000 4,900 100,000 1,100 5,500 * 287,000 «2, 184,000 • 205,000 •90,000 » 107,000 •6,330,000 •5,402,000 t ^idadea Mf t utaa , with catch, as fritows: Dredges, tono^ dip nets, 113,00irpoands, valued at 19,600; mink and mnskrat tNf^ ■tnOO: and minor appmtm, 70,000 pounds, valued at 09,90Ql ■ Less than $100. * 273 .000 bushels. > bushels. * 20/100 boabals. 76786°— 11 ^18 • 12.000 bushels. ' l&/)00 bushels. FISHERIES OF THIl UNIIED STATES, 1908. NSW JSBSBT— PB0DUGI8 OF 8BQBB AMD BOAT FWUfBRlKS; 1906. Ikfa: Aiewives.. BInefish.. Booito Butteifisii Catfish. Cod Haddock..... Hake Hone I Menhaden MuUet Perch, whita Perch. PoUacl^'. Another. Ctefas, hard. ~ " .soft.. Squid.. Tmtafia. flyilen,iiiaiki^ frasn private Oysters, seed, from public areas Oystei\ seed, from i»ivate I nraskiat. 1,779,000 574,000 2,054,000 220,000 63,000 1,417,000 Ml, 000 242,000 838,000 20,000 181,000 207,000 35,000 6,533,000 T.tiOO 138,000 17,000 84,000 583,000 2,088,000 62,000 7,m 7,100 2H,000 ii,m,ooo 53,000 123,000 8,700 74,000 112,000 11,000 19,000 186,000 63,000 4,607,000 .000 m 6,000 247,000 10,035,000 10,000 12,000 900 5,300 'ii,666 500 4,583,000 i,'666 100,000 3,366 3,200 12,000 14,000 51,000 1,800 400 20,000 10,000 200 6,500 200 1,400 5,600 700 0,700 28,000 ""266 100 1,100 9,400 6,900 200 Oillnets. 4.485,000 S3(fi.000 14,000 737,000 2,800 4,200 165,000 22,000 4,500 28,000 1,600 2,800 281,000 1.100 1,200 1,000 2,748,000 800 100 ■■"266 (») 18,000 "aoo 3,100 " "ioo 1,200 ' '3,' 466 18,000 18,000 1,500 39,000 5,500 500 1,400 Lines. ▼ate. 100 37,000 100 200 11,000 1,900 400 1,100 (») "366 2,000 100 100 3.500 40O (») 385,000 8,600 111,000 7,700 29,000 1,300 2,600 200 14,000 1,600 11,000 7,800 2,600 100 (•) Quantity (pounds). 4,806.000 Value. 1196.000 2.582,000 165.000 400 808,000 190,000 14,000 571,000 198,000 200 110,000 8,400 2,000 "26.666 21,000 1,400 500 231,000 1,944.000 1,700 a,o» 300 3,700 520,000 7,400 84,000 11.000 3,900 1,000 400 (') 44,000 7,800 400 20,000 6,100 (») 4,700 300 (') ' '2,066 1,400 100 (») 8,300 76.000 100 100 200 20,000 900 Seines. Quantity (pounds). sate. Value. 1,015,000 17,000 34,000 31,000 '6,666 28,000 33,000 2.200 '4,'366 698,000 6,100 63.000 6,000 25,000 400 2,400 300 100 100 (») 174,000 7,500 '4,'s66 338,000 19,000 44,000 2,200 1,700 2,000 8,200 1,100 2.900 2,500 "ioo 2,700 1,500 100 '466 1,400 300 5.000 500 1,000 (•) 15,000 1,500 '"266 13,000 2,700 3,300 900 100 200 Quantity (poond^). 447,000 2,400 14,000 '2,'666 800 4,200 1,000 "22,066 271,000 800 2,800 10,000 '9.'666 2,200 3.000 10,000 21,000 10,000 28,000 7,700 400 200 20,000 1,800 Value. 822,000 100 800 ""266 (') 500 100 '2,' 466 11,000 100 200 200 '800 200 200 400 1.800 200 1,300 1,000 (') 200 200 Quantitv (pountls). 6.402.000 I7«,< 6,000 100 '184,' 666 200 400 165,000 60,000 24,000 109,000 3,900 Valia. (») 5,200 5,900 100 U,000 800 1.100 100 •247,000 42,043,000 •205,000 •99,000 '75,000 •1,967,000 •1,038,000 "170,000 " 3,000 1,000 ■•) ,200 301,000 9,600 200,000 8,100 2,300 • Inclndcs apparatus, with catoh. as follow*;: Drpdirps, tonfrs,etC.,6,^, dip Deis. 113,000 pouu'ls. valued at S'l.ti'iO: mink iimi inusknit at 1800; and minor apparatus, 70,000 pounds, valued at 69,900. •12,000 *11,0II0 • 281,000 bushels. • 148,000 bushels. w 24,000 bushels, u 9^00 skins. WWWSW, WW STATES. Table 3.— NEW JERSEY— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 190B. 196 •■CBO. rmnoot caowr bt— Dredges, tongs, etc Linaa; Seines. AU other apparataB.1 Qaaatitv (pounds)* Value. Quantity ValiM. Qnaatt^ VahM. QnaaWy Valiia. Qnantfty (pooDda). Valoa. s,8n,ooo «,196,000 lft,UO,000 01,008,000 3,576,000 8137,000 7,067,000 044,000 47,000 86.000 Flio: 71,000 4,100 200 2,349,000 129,000 11,000 11,000 19,^ «, 884,000 1,800 613,000 1,073,000 508.000 8,700 1,000 95,000 C,100 •40,000 •140,000 '32.000 •4,363,000 • 4.364,000 f 0^100^000 4,700 200 90,000 2,900 700 400 2,200 18,000 2IID 17,000 40,000 13,000 1,000 1,100 3,700 800 200 17,000 2,300 573,000 173,000 64,000 1,900 "2,349,000 43,000 4,400 100 90,000 900 7,100 2,200 200 87,666 1,700 5,000 100 5,884,000 300 100 (') "2,666' 100 200 (*) 13,000 Oroftkcr* • • 9,200 2,000 19,000 i.'MO' 600 100 2.a» Flounders Mackerel 4,400 200 5.5,000 1,027,000 82,000 1,900 38,000 1,800 558,000 46,000 AO^OOO 15.000 2, 100 11,000 Sea bass 8,700 1,000 6,' ioo' 1,000 1,100 800 Lobster ' 95,000 '» 10,666 •141^000 32,000 •4, .363. 000 •4,364,000 3,700 266 17,000 2,300 573.000 173.000 MOiOOO Oyatan, nurk^^from Jj^jat* anaa. ^^■Iin^ aaad, fran pjwH^aaaa. - I Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: QUI nets. 30.000 jMunds. valued at 04,400; eel and lobster poU and traps, 15.000 pounds, valued at 81,400: and (yke and ksoD nets, 2,000 pounds, vakiadat SIOO. ^LessthanilOO. *4,000 bushels. «U^00OtoiMiiala. M.a00 baaiielB. •mjmima»^ H • 623,000 boriM^s. ' 871 jOOO boalwia. NSW YORK. In the value of fishery products New York ranked third in 1908, beinjr surpassed only by Massachusetts and "Virginia. The total value of such products was $4,594,000, or 9 per cent of the total for the United States. Thechief fishing grounds of the state are Lake Ene, Lake Ontario, the^Hudscm Riyer, Long Island Sound, and the Atlantic coast region. The first two bodies of water are included in the Great Lakes district, while the remainder constitute the Atlantic coast dis- trict. New York is thus pecuhar in having both fresh and salt water fisheries of considerable importance and in having fresh-water fisheries in the two natural divi- nons, the Hudson Biver being indnded in the Atlantic coast distriet. A summary of the general statistics of the fisheries of the state for 1908 is given in the following statement : Number of penBons employed 6, 776 Capital: y«8oei8aiidb(Mts,iiichiduigre8enting 35 per cent of the total value of products. Nearly all the scallops were taken in Long Island Sound; practically all the lake herring came from the shore and boat fisheries in Lake Erie; and the pike and pickerel almost ezduaTdty from Lake Ontario. The shore and boat fidftnies in the Atlantic coast district supplied 93 per cent df the entire catch reported for this class of fisheries. Some species, such as bluefish and scup, were taken almost wholly by the vessel fisheries and others, ncrtably butterfish, carp, sturgeon, and catfish, almost entirely by the shore and boat fisheries. All oi ths shad prodw^ was from the latter dass ol fisheries. Produti»i ly apparatus of capture.— The distiibu- tion of the total value of products, arranged in order of the vahie of their catch, for the state as a whole and for each class of fisheries, is shown in the following tabular statement : KIHD or APPAKATOT. Total Dredges, tongs, etc. . Lines Pound and trap nets Seines Gill nets Eel and lobster pote. Fyke and boop nMi. Dip neta AUeOHT ▼AUnt ori TotaL 1 nji7]yfj Shore and 14,594,000 $2, RnO, 000 $1, 734,000 2,954,000 442,000 417,000 »7,000 246.000 95,000 86,000 9,»0 2,100,000 313,000 854,000 130,000 417,000 54, 009 128,000 69,000 67,000 273,000 118,000 26,000 19.000 ii«6 The largest catcli was reported for dredges, tongs, etc., wliich took products valued at $2,954,000, or 64 per cent of the total. Nearly three-fourths of the enUre yessel cateeies, 1^ daas of Mubom, and by dbtricts, was as follows: VALUE OF PRODUCT WITH SEINKS: 190X. <^4 «w or FISBEBIES AND SFEOES. IMaL.... Vcml fldieriea. Squeteagae. Scup, wrpoegy — Menhaden Sea bass Bluefish flomdBii Ai •Hmt pradDoti. iMat Carp. German Whitebait Sucken Striped tiasL Perch Eels FlourKjers Alfwivos Squcleapue SiMd Gatflsh and bullbeads. AOoUierpradaota..... Aggre- gate. 197,000 42,000 17,000 7,300 6,000 1,000 1,800 M,0Q0 23,000 4,600 4,400 3,400 3,300 2,700 2,000 2,400 2,200 1,800 1,300 1,800 Atlantie eoast district I LonK ; All TotaL i! Island other Sound, i waters. 197,000 42,000 17,000 7,300 6,000 1,000 1,800 51,000 23,000 4,600 1,700 3,400 3,300 2,700 2, GOO 2,400 2,200 1,800 1,300 1,800 $2,800 [$32 1,000 (1) i 273.000 Lake Onta- rio. $2,700 2,800 700 200 (>) 1,400 400 197,000 42,000 17,000 7,300 6,000 1,600 1,800 48,000 23,000 4,600 1,700 2,(100 3,300 2,700 2,400 2,400 800 1.800 1,300 1,800 2,700 2^700 i Leas thaa $100. The catch made with pots was confined to the Atlantic coast district. Tiie value of the product taken in this way was $95,000, of which S57,000 rep- resented the value of lobsteis, $37,000 the value of eels, and the remainder Uiat of a few fish and crabs. Detailed statistics as to the value of the catch made with pots, by species, are given in the foUowiog tabu- lar statonent: or AMD TotaL. VtMl Lebater...... uw i i n . . . ...... Fkmidcn... Onba,liaid. iMa* Lobster Eds Whitebait.. Crabs, hard . Flaondeis.. VALUE OF PRonUCT TAKEN roTs: 1908. Total. Long Island Sound. All other $06,000 $17,000 $78,080 20,000 2,200 24,000 18,000 8,300 200 100 00,000 1,900 300 16,000 8,000 200 m U,000 54,000 80,000 20,000 000 0,000 5,200 20,000 24,000 000 300 «. 200 100 > Less than $100. Flounders were the most important species taken with fyke and hoop nets, the value of the catch amouBtmg to $56,000 and constituting 66 per cent of the entile value cl the catch talcBa with this form of apparatus. Detailed statistics as to tiie value of the fyke and hoop net catch, by species, are as follows: cuflsor I TiXTTS or rSODOCT TAKKN Vmi VMSK 1008. Total Veaad IMwries. Floiui'lcrs Ail other products... Shore and boat fisheries. Flounders Catfish and bullheads. Suckers..... Eels Perch Carp, German ^Hwod. ...... ........ AH ottHT pndoeta.. . . . Aggre- gate. AtlaBtle ill .j -till Long Total. ' Island I Sound. AU other ,000 $40,000 19.0(10 100 67,000 10.000 100 54,000 37.000 9,700 5.(i00 4, 100 2,900 1,400 1,400 4,300 37,000 3.500 3.-500 2,200 2,800 1,400 1,400 %U0 100 I 19,000 100 24,000 23,000 (•) 19.000 (») 30,000 14,000 3.500 3,500 2,200 2,800 1,400 1,000 1,500 Onlari*. $18,000 18,60$ 6.200 2.200 2,000 202 ilSH£RI£S OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Hw fltttiro Mteh with dip nets was reported by the Aon and boat firiieries. Statistics as to the Tslne of the catch, byapeeieByarogtveii in thefoltowii^ tabu- lar stateniMit: Total... Qir||^Geraiaa TAumOTHKHMDcrxuaoTinnMranK NOB. 99.300 4.400 1.400 1,100 90O 1,500 Long Island Sound. All other waters. Lake Ontario. 19,300 S300 99,000 SlOO 4.400 1.400 1,100 900 1,500 4,400 1.400 1,000 900 1,300 (') 100 200 > Less than SlOO. Principal species —Table 9, on page 209, gives the quantity and vahie of the principal fishery products for 1908 in comparison with the figures for former years for which returns are available . The five leading ip acia a^ raiAad accCTding to value in the respective y«an, wm as fenowa: Oysters. Oystcfs. Ovslers. Oysters. Menhaden. Clams. Menhadm. Clams. ^^dbj^en. Shad. Squeteague. Ojnten and dams appear among the fire leading species for each of the fovr yaaro; iw«||«dfn and bine- fish for three of the years ; squeteague and shad for two years; and flounders and sturgeon for one year each. Oysters— In 1904 New York ranked first among the states in the value of its oyster product, but in 1908 it ksldaeeond place, Connecticntrankingfirst. Although the yield was less tiian two41iirds the quantity reported for Connecticut, and less than half of that for either Maryland or Virginia, the average price per bushel re- enyed by the fisherm e n was considerably higher. Sta- tistics of oysters taken from New Tofk beds by Oob- necticut fishermen are given on page 93. The tabular statement at the foot of this page shows for 1908 the distribution of tlie quantity and the value of market and seed oysters taken from pubhc and private areas of the state according to the waters from which such products were taken. Of the total yield, 95 per cent, with a value equal to 98 per cent of tiie total Tihie, was taken from private areas. Statistics of the oyster catch of New York are avail- able for nine different years between 1880 and 1908. The following tabular statement gives the amount and ▼aloe of the yield and the average price per bushel for such years: onns laomior. TALCX. Average per biishel. 1908 2,46.3,000 3,329,000 2,313,000 2,062,000 2,127,000 2,611,000 2,351,000 2,090,000 £0«3,000 92,553,000 3,780,000 1,973,000 1,985,000 2,050,000 2,749,000 2,458,000 2,133,000 1,577,000 91.04 1.14 0.85 0.96 a«6 1.0S 1.05 1.02 LU 1904 1838 1897 1891 1890 1889 The average catch for the nhie years was 2,265,000 boshelB, the avorage value $2,362,000, and the average value per bushel S1.04. As compared with these avei^ ages the report for 1908 shows increases of 198,000 bushels in quantity and $191,000 in value, but no change m the average value per bushel. Detailed statistics for the oyster product for 1908 are given in the following tabidar statement: From private areaa From public aicaa.. Mwket oystets SMd oysters From pri rate areas From pubtteanM... TotaL QwMitjr. 2,463,000 2,352.000 111.000 Bar cent dis- tribu- 100 95 5 1,849,000 1,828.000 22,000 614,000 524,000 m,m 74 1 25 21 4 12,533,000 2,490,000 63,000 2, 173,000 2,155,000 18,000 .381,000 336,000 46,000 Per cent dis- triba- tion. 100 98 2 85 84 1 15 13 2 Long laJand SooDd. Bnsheto. 770,000 745,000 25, COO 342,000 341,000 500 ^,000 404,000 24,000 Per cent dis- tribu- tion. 100 97 3 44 44 VMM Amoant. $643,000 631,000 12,000 375,000 0) 374,000 500 56 268,000 52 3 257,000 11,000 Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Bushels. 100 1,693,000 98 1,607,000 2 87,000 58 58 («) 42 40 2 1,508,000 1,487,000 21,000 186,000 120,000 66,000 Per cent dis- tribu- tion. 100 95 6 1 11 ValM. Amount. $1,910,000 1,850,000 51,000 1,798,000 1,780,000 17,000 112,000 79,000 34,000 Per cent dis- tribo- tioii. 100 97 8 M SI 1 FISHERIES, Clams. — In the yield of hard clams there was a de- crease from 1904 to 1908 of neaily 27 per cent. Soft dams, which are used princip'ally in the cod fidieries for bait, decreased 11 per cent in quantity betweoi 1904 and 1908. Scallops. — The yield of scallops in 19()S amounted to 81,000 gallons, valued at $98,000, which represents a decrease of 31,000 gallons in quantity and $48,000 in value, compared with the yield of 1904. The state of New York was second in rank with respect to the value of the s(»]lop product in 1908, tiie yields in Massachusetts, New York, and Maine contributing, respectively, 38, 31, and 30 per cent of the value of the product of the entire country. Tlie industry in New York is carried on principally at the eastern end of Long Island. BluefuJ^,—Th6 bluefish product was taken diiefly witii lines in the vessel fifllieries. Compared with 1904 there was a decrease in quantity from 11,414,000 to 3,191,000 pounds, and a decrease in value from $557,000 to $291,000. Butterjish. — There was an increase of 112 per cent in quantity, and an infarease of 129 per cent in value in the yield of butteffish far the p«k>d from 1904 to 1908. German carp. — ^This fish, for which there is an in- creasing demand, was taken chiefly with seines in the Hudson River. The apparatus to be used in taking German carp in this river and the season in which the fish may be taken are under the control of the State Foarast, Fish, and Game Commiasitm. Larger quanti- ties of Qerman carp were cau^t in 1908 than ever before, the yidd of 406,000 pounds, valued at $31,000, representing an increase over that in 1903-4 of 115|000 pounds in quantity and $14,000 in value. BY STATES. 203 Cod.— The catch of cod in 1908 was 2,999,000 pounds, valued at $99,000, an increase over that for 1904 of 156 per cent in quantity and of 87 per cent in value. Flounders. — The flounder catch shows an increase in 1908 compared with 1904 of 154 per cent in weight and 110 i)er cent in value. A product of 4,629,000 pounds, valued at $141,000, was taken in 1908, prin- cipally in nets. Menhaden. — ^The principal uses of the menhaden are for oil and fertilizer, but a few are sold for food. This fish is taken chiefly with seines in the Atlantic Ocean flsheries. Although it continues to lead all others in quantity, there was a large decrease in the catch, that in 1908 being 12,762,000 pounds, or only about one-seventeenth of that for 1904. The value of this small catch in 1908 was $22,000, or less than one- thirtieth of the value for 1904, $694,000. Pike perches. — Under this term are included blue pike, saugers, and wall-eyed pike. The greater part of the product was taken in Lake Erie with gill nets, and the yield of 2,001,000 pounds, valued at $68,000, in 1908, shows an increase over that for 1903 of 905,000 pounds in quantity and of $22,000 in value. The value of blue pike constituted 95 per cent of tiM total value of pike perch caught in 1908. Squeteague. — The squeteague taken in 1908 had more than double the value of that caught in 1904. In 1908 the value of this species formed more than one- fourth of the value of all fidi proper reported for the state. It was surpassed in quantity only by men- haden. The catch was about evenly divided between the shore and boat fisheries, where this fish is taken chiefly in pound and trap nets, and the vessel fisheries, where seines are the principal apparatus used. ao4 FISHERIES OF TH£ UNITED STATES, 1906. Tams 1.— NSW 'raBK--FI8HBBT FBODUCTS: U06. Total. Albacon^ m mackenl.., Alewives...., Black ham.. TOTAL. Value. Pound t QMntitar (pounds). VataB. (ponnda}. n,48S,(no M, £04, 000 Pike and pickerel.. Pike peif h ( blue pito) ^ue percfa (aaug^) Poflatt Smelt %MDish mackereL . . ^ot S^aateacoe, or JUiodnr Ckabs. hard.. Crabs, soft... Crat'S, kinp. . Cral'S. spider Lohjt.T Shiimp dams. hard. Claia3,ao(t.. OjMen. iBarket, from private areas Oyst^?rs. seed, from puMic areas Oysters, seed. Cram pri vate . Scallops....... Squid Tujties 10,000 654,000 3»,0(X) a, 101, 000 1,229,000 «K,000 247,000 2,9W,000 42,000 730,000 4,629,000 424,000 39,000 2,014,000 34,000 34,000 %s 12,762,000 19,000 90,000 144,000 90,000 1,904,000 40,000 56,000 133,000 1,294,000 723,000 53,000 sts 4,000 500 109,000 105,000 8,100 276,000 31,000 3,600 81,000 97,000 18,000 £SS 179,000 268,000 50,000 580,000 22,000 56,000 7,200 423,000 1,500 * 809,000 ♦656,000 •167,000 '8,175,000 • 151,000 12,796,000 "628,000 "3.1170,000 "650,000 1S9,000 aoo IS MA 400 7,100 5,100 291,000 fi,400 64,000 31,000 20,000 90,000 aoo 600 57,000 141,000 12,000 1,000 51,000 4,900 400 a, MO 22,000 1,200 8,700 5,400 9,600 59,000 2,000 7,000 3,500 45,000 35,000 500 S,000 3; 100 900 100 2,600 7; on 16,000 7,500 13,000 900 200 3,100 2,300 6,300 15,000 3,700 300 7,400 2,300 100 (») 57,000 600 . 223,000 i 54,000 I 14,000 8,200 18,000 2,155,000 45,000 336,000 7,752,000 S442,000 37,000 2,673,000 74,000 .^9, (XMJ 2,925,000 5, 100 246,000 3,800 9,800 113,000 424.01)0 39,000 (') 100 21,000 16,000 19,000 ' i,'i66 65,000 23, on 52,000 07,000 6,200 466,000 91,000 28,000 2,100 39,000 4,900 8,800 18,666 98,000 8, 100 iii 2,000 467,000 t),0(10 96,000 600 4,100 12,000 1,000 (') (») 300 900 11,006,000 •417,000 10,000 187,000 400 134,000 21,000 1,218,000 4,700 10,000 51,000 4% on 30,000 1,687,000 l«,178t0n 400 2,800 (2) 10,000 1,300 64,000 100 1,100 1,900 ■ on 2,4W 65,000 1327,000 500 318,000 91,000 6,800 5,400 271,000 20,000 2,000 7,500 Value. QuauUly (poands). («) 2,400 1,200 ....... 7,700 6,500 1,900 300 24,000 500 1,1W 300 6,000 4,000 12,000 33, on 2,on 00^ on s7,on 2, on 50,000 52,000 39,000 51,000 6,800 76,000 400 '6,366 4n 4, 319, on 15, on 11,000 300 24,000 12,000 (») 300 4,600 (») 3, fin %no 6,900 300 300 23,000 i,3n IW 2W Offl 7,412,000 CMS, on 108, on 293, on Value. 2,861,0n 48,000 121, on 800 400 in i,on an 1,200 2,400 3,000 500 900 1,600 in i,m 218, on 2,600 1,400 300 800 200 31,000 3,2ra 1,235,000 203,000 1,000 27,0n (*). 5, 850, on 20, on 500 84. (XX) 400 2,800 4, aw 200 100 I7,«n 3,200 aoo 42,000 7,300 {») i,no 199,000 3,500 (') 53, on 16, on (») 4,7m 4, an a68,on 43, on 12, on 56, on 7,an 187,000 an 1,900 on 4n 3,7n an 3n 100 900 8, on («) 4,400 4,800 35,000 25, on 19, on 2,000 50, on 2,030,000 600 n,on 4,200 8,000 179, on an 2, on 38, on 200 300 4, an "(»)■■ in 5n 1,150,000 100 41,000 89,000 3,in 1,851,000 40,000 300 16,000 200 14,000 1,300 323, on 8m 2,600 an m,m 955,000 6,700 54,000 2,900 31,000 400 1,000 12, on 175,000 100 100 fin i,6n (•) 28, on 300 1,700 i,8n 9n Fyke and hoop nets. Quantity (pounds). Vakie. 37. on 24,000 129, on 100 i,gn 100 59, on 2, 383, on 50, on in a, an 1,600 (•) 3,900 3,100 an 55, on 2, on (') 400 (=) 1,000 (») 24,000 (») 6W & 33,000 1,000 8,000 3,200 800 (') i,8n 14,000 39,000 ii,on sn 200 AO other apparattta.' Qoaatitar (pounds). 29, 180, on t^(ll7,(M 4, an 1,400 9,7n (2) 4,100 56, on m 72,000 3,200 2,5n 588,000 276, on VafaM. 1,3(X) 1,600 gn (») 1,800 (») "no 15, on "(»)■■ (») 100 1!,0W m 3,766 i,4n 100 1,400 100 118,000 18,000 14, on 73, on 8,2n 2,6n 3, 100 6,6n 200 "466 sn 200 5,t)00 600 500 1,400 7n (») 100 200 2,0W m fin 18,000 an 8,000 18, on 200 56, on 22, on 416, on i,5n <8ro,on » 056, 000 • 167, OCX) 8,175,000 » 151,000 '12,795,000 U628,0n "3,070, on xon^floo in 4,4n 2n in 47, on 9,7n in <■) (*). 9W 9n (>) i,8n 2,an 57,000 en 223, on 54,on 14, on 8,2n 18,000 2, 155, on 45, on («) I^^'^Sl^^PP^l^'^^-.^ '^ '^i^'li^^^"""'^- Dre iges, tongs, etc., 27,749,fXX),pounds, valued at 82,954,000; eel and lobster pots, 915,000 pounds, valued at »5 On ■riT^htr^wtti w dip nets, 144,on pounds, valued at I9,3n; harpoons, spears, etc., 106,on pounds, wiued at $8,800; and ^KNmtn •SLOWI * 22,on bushels. u 52^0n bushels. i^hiOgBiioas. FISHERIES, BY STATES. 205 Tasu 9.— new YOBK-WKBSr nOBUCm m AnULNTIC C0A8T DSmUCT, BXiCLOBIVB OF UMQ ISLAND SOUND: 1908. Total. Fish: Albaoore, «r mackerd... Alewives Blueflsh Bonito. Carp, Gernm Catfish and ball- heads :.. Cod Croato Flounders. Haddock.. HakB Ling Mackerel Mackerel, duib. Menhaden Penii, white. I^M^k^ t- -*^ Pollack Scup, or porgy . Sea MM Sea roMn....... Shad , Skates Smelt Spot Squeteague, or wcak- ush Striped base Sturgeon . Caviar Suckers.. Whitebait. Whiting... All other. . Crabs, soft... Lobster...., Shrimp Clams, hard. Caam8,aolt.. dans, suff. . Mussels Oysters, market, from public areas Oysters, market, from privat e aw B.... 'Oysters, seed, fiNMB pal>* lie areas Oysters, seed, fewB pri- vate areas Scallops Squid SiinB, modocat TOTAL. QnaotitT (ponnda). B7,7n,on 10, on 551, on 3, 106, on 88, on »«,080 386, on 111, on 2,943,000 7,5n fli4^«eo 2, 734, on 434.000 39; 000 11,000 22,000 51,000 28, on 11, 540, on w,on 106. on 1,259, on 672, on 20, on 358, on 105, on 4.000 49, on 0,424, on 32, on 20,000 1,000 108, on «,8n 90, on 77,000 199,000 135,000 7,4n 675, on 22, on 332, on i,5n « 583, on • 318, on • in, on ■ 147, on »10,408,0n "458, on " 840. on '27,200 48, on (») Value. 03, 282, on 4n 5,3n 284,0n 4,6n 16,000 31. on 6.9n 97, on 2n 48,000 78,000 1^000 i.on 1,700 3n 3,9n i,2n 20, on 8,7n 1,«I0 2.8n 43, on 3i,on 3n 27, on 600 900 i,7n 372. on 5,3n 2..5n 1,300 6, on an 7n 1.300 5,700 1,<»0 4W 7, an 2,3n 45, on on 146, on 28, on i4,on 8,2n 17, on 1,780, on 34, on 79, on i,4n i,9n (») PBOOUCT CAUGHT BY— Pound and ti^ neta. OiUnate. Fyhejadhoop Quantity (pounda). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (ponads). Value. Quantity (paunda). Value. Quantity (peuads). Value. Quantity (piwOs). ViIbb, 7, 322, on S391.000 5, 198, on $204,on 18, 073, on S32i,on 2,O0B,On si07.on 1,892, on $49. on 22,323,0n ,02.2n,on ===== 10, on iO(),on 65,on 12, on 307,000 400 1,100 4, 700 7n is,on 500 316,000 90,000 6,8n 0,400 27i,on 20, on 2, on 7,5n 48,009 117,000 (•) 2, 4n 6,9n sn 809 23, on i,3n in an 3;800 4,000 108, on aw, on i,no 27,an i7,on m 4,a09 un 2, 671, on 68,000 245, on 3,5n 1,800 22, on 25, on 10, on in i.4n i,8n on 21. on 61, on i,4n 3,sn 72, on 8, an 9,000 4,400 MO 1,1W 2, 879, on in 94, on fin 40, on in i,6n 9,8n 9B,on ^,on 39, on on 3, an 12, on i,on M,«00 008,000 i,9n 23, on 44»000 (*) 1,700 ao,ow 1,I80»009 2,2n 33, on *u,«oo 189,009 49,009 7,000 0,900 i,5n sn 4n in i,on 9, en, on 31, on 2n (') (') in 17, on M aoo (*) 21, on 15, on 366 sn 15, on 27, on 965, on 3, fin i,on i,in i,in 4n ao,on a, on 965, on 41, on 8OO 16, on an 14,0W i,3n 3, on uo 4n (J) i,on i4,on 80,000 i,an i,on 3,009 GO, on 5 on 439,0n i,7n an aa.on 30,000 18,000 16, on 19, on 4,4n 14, on 7n 9n i,an sn on m 1,235,000 i,on 37,000 42, on 7, an (*) i,on (») («) 888,000 84,009 8,300 4n fiOO (.) 91, on 5n 2. en 39, on 935,000 6,7n 19. on 1,000 3n (») on i,5n 32, on i,on 2.4n i,3n 8 i,4n an 9, on 2, 645, on 5,9n 4n 200 i4i,on i,on (') 200 6, 817, on 16, on 5n 198, on 2,7n (') 27,on 2,on i,on an in i.4n m (») 2n (=). n,on 4n on 3, on 179, on 3n 2, in 88,000 i,7n in 4,sn (=) in sw 6i,on o^an 8» 62, on 2, en 3,5n an («) i.on (') i7,on 809 gn 2,700 2n 18,000 13, on 5n an 18, on 9n 135,000 i,3n 9,500 i.on (') 2n 2, in 407,0n (') 4,7n 500 in 2n 6^000 (.■) TOO i,an 64, on 32, on 331, on i.sn 4 583.0n • 818, on • in, on >%iiMa9 •1«,«09 •10,408,009 "'4.W.000 »840,0n >*7,an in i.7n .100 15. (IX) 6(X) 146, on 20,009 14,000 8»3» 17,000 1,780^009 34, on 79, on i,4n sn m 48, on i,9n (•) » Includes apparatus, with catch, as foUowK Dredges, tongs, etc., 21,146,on pounds, valued at $2,108,000; eel and lolwter pots, 776,000 pounds, valued at $7,S,000: dip nets, \4Dfiy) pounds, valued at 89/)n; harpoons, spaan, etc., 92,on pounds, valued at 87,5n; beam trawls, 178,000 pounds, valued at 06,7n; and minor apparatus, 4n valued at $in. * Less than Sin. • 32,on bushels. ■ ai/XX) bushels. u iao,on bushels. •jMOMBlOOpoaada. •39j00OlNalMta. • l^im iiualMta. uf ~ "TtonniaMiiifc -mnjwniwiiih Moiyoooba FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Ibb: Ale wives. Bluefisb.. Cod........... Eels Flound«s.. KiiKEfish... .ttlmblMyed. Menbadea. PaiiKk.... Skates Spot Squeteaene, or Stripeps CialM. hard. Squid In other... nvufc. u,m,m 103,000 85,000 14,000 •65,000 96,000 77.000 1,90(>.000 23.000 55.000 30,000 1,222.000 27.000 35.000 50,000 %m 63.000 60.000 1,727.000 14,000 5,600 61,000 ao.coo 133.000 122,000 *t,m •2,387,000 •170,000 »2.830.000 •226.000 •338,000 1*6.500 92.000 " 643.000 .5,400 141.000 63,000 1,700 6,900 900 49,000 1,800 6,600 68,000 3.200 2,800 1,800 2,600 700 1,500 4,200 1,500 l.OOO 70.000 2.300 600 2,400 1,000 2,100 1,200 m^ioo 11,000 257.000 77.000 29,000 500 12,000 97,000 100 6,200 100 Quantity (pounds). B,«i^oao 81,000 69,000 8.900 961.000 11.000 300 993.000 23,000 45.000 30.000 1,057.000 19.000 34,000 23,000 ^HO 82,000 60,000 1,674.000 5,G00 37,000 4,600 133.000 118,000 6.700 3.000 140,000 63,000 Value. 1,700 5,300 600 49,000 400 (=) 41,000 3,100 2,400 1.800 2,300 500 1,500 1,800 1,000 77.000 1,.500 eoo 1,400 400 2,100 1,000 900 6,100 100 Fyka and hoop Quantity (pounds). 20,000 797.000 13,000 10,000 Value. 100 23,000 500 400 Quantity (pounds). tll,( 2,200 5,300 46,066 15.000 100 500 7,500 600 27,000 (») 1,500 100 6,100 Value. 16,700 200 300 'i,'s66 ■SOO (») (») 200 (') 2,300 100 («) 300 Gill nets. Quantity (pounds). 2M,«n 13,000 'z,5O0 6,300 400 10,000 166,000 800 'io.'ooo" 1,000 'i,'ae6' 100 2,000 Value. 33,500 1,400 '"266 200 100 300 300 "966 ■(■')■ 100 Seines. Quantity (pounds). 58,000 1,500 400 4,800 33,000 4,100 3,600 6,000 Value. 82,800 (•-) (2) 200 1,500 700 100 200 .\U other appa* ratus.i Quantity (pounds). 6,862,000 77,000 90,000 2,800 <3,700 »2 ,,•587,000 •170,000 '2,830,000 •226,000 •338,000 »6,500 85,000 "643.000 2,300 ValM. 11,000 257,000 77,000 29,000 500 11,000 > Includes apparatus, with catch, as followsr Dredees, tongs, etc., 6,603,000 pounds, valued at $S4fi,()fKi; pel and lobster pots, 149,000 pounds, vahwd «t tl7ilOO: 1 tewls. 90.000 pounds, valued at 02,700; harpoons, spears, etc., 17,000 pounds, valued at Sl,300: and minor apparatus, 3,000 pounds, vataM at8300. * Less than SIOO. « 500 boshels. • 24,000 bushels. » 28,000 bushels. » 800 bushels. • Leas tluua 100 poands. •341,000 bushels. ' 404,000 bushels. » 31.000 bushels. " 80,000 gallons. Table 4.— NEW YORK— FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE ERIE: 1908. r vocu. Quantity (pounds). 4,188.000 1,800 16,000 14,000 2,009,000 6,200 83.000 1.700 i,8a^.ooo 40,000 %m AOOO T400 40.000 123,000 2,100 Value. tin^ooo 100 aoo 800 49,000 300 2,900 100 54,000 2,000 0,000 2,400 1,100 9,800 1001 FBODUCT CACOHT BT— CWnets. QnantitT (poanda). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. 68,000 86,700 61,080 11,800 4,084,000 8121,000 1,800 100 (') 13,000 400 2.001.000 6,200 200 49,000 300 2,80C 100 61,000 a.000 2,600 7,0N 100 700 1,100 (•) 1,800 100 80.000 1,700 1,770,000 40,000 200 n,m 3,000 1^000 000 MO i,ln 200 12,000 600 2,000 500 4,200 300 19,000 600 300 700 25,000 1,700 21,000 123,000 200 4,000 1,700 400 0,800 0) 1,000 UO m FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tabm «.— new YORK— fishery PRODUCTS OF LAKE ONTARIO: M08.» 207 TOTAL. PBODCCT CAOGBT BT— Pound and trap nets. Sdnes. Gill nets. Fjtowidbeop Bets. D^nata. QoaatttT (pounds^ Valiw. Quantity (poood^. Vakw. QnantitT (poaads). Value. QuanUty (poands). Value. 823,000 874,000 266,000 S39.000 84.000 84,300 54,000 82,700 199.000 '014,000 219,000 •13,000 1,600 1 SUO 36,000 4.700 12-.',(K)0 44,000 35.000 19,000 35,(HXt 87,000 100.000 54,000 37,000 4.700 128,000 24,000 18,000 14,000 56,000 8,400 6,000 200 12,000 2,oOO 1,700 1.200 1,100 9,400 6,000 6,700 5,800 3,800 5,400 600 6,300 1,100 6,400 100 36,000 6,000 400 2.200 9,500 8,400 4,500 (') 100 1,000 500 100 200 I (I) 2.300 GS.OOO 33,000 1,800 100 6,200 2,000 100 ^\fflt^ and hnlHwrfi Eds 45,000 300 5,200 1,600 28.000 100 1,600 IfuskallnnfK Perch, yellow 65,000 7.700 10,000 18,000 500 800 700 700 100 100 1,100 81,000 100 9,400 200 10,000 400 '""«,'i66' £2,000 100 4,300 (*) 1,600 200 400 (») "■'mo' 6,000 11,000 300 1,800 900 Pike perch (blue pike) (») 200 1 si, 666 27,000 4,500 6,500 4,100 3,000 5,000 12,000 ""4,'266' 100 100 200 "■466' (») 54,000 2,700 67,000 13,000 ""iao" **"8,"a66* 2,200 300 "too" ""in 1,600 HO Trout, brook Trout, lake 18,000 6,300 1 All taken in the sboce and boat fisheries. » Less than flOO. Tabu 6.— NEW YORK— FISHERY PRODUCTS. BY DISTRICTS: 1MB. Total. Saueteague, or waak- Bsh Bluefish Flounders Cod FUBBpeteb Butteiflsh. Eels HefTing, lain sturgeon and caviar. . , Menhaden Catfish and bullheads. WMtefish Haddock Suckers Pike and pickerel Perch, wliite Striped bass ▲lawives AtLAimC COAST WSTXICT. Quantity (paoads). Value. I Quantity (poands). 76,485,00004,804,000 Tmitthnaik.. WUMMtt.... Bonito Perch, yellow Black bass.... KincHsh Whiting Pollack Tautog M nrlf nrnl. thlmliln njxfl Spot Tomcod Skates Trout, lake Muskallunge AU otber Oysters...., Market. Seed... C!lams Scallops Qckta. Unssels.. Squid AU other. 47,504,000 11,151,000 3.191,000 4,t>29,000 2.999,000 2.001,000 1,229,000 736.000 2,0(4,000 1,204,000 723,000 406,000 3(^0,000 113,000 12,762,000 247,000 119,000 424,000 251,000 90,000 90,000 45,000 664,000 106,000 18,000 110,008 102,000 144,000 38,000 34,000 268.000 133,000 81,000 58,000; 109,000! 97,000 168, OOo! 20,0001 19.000 280,000 1,566,0000 451,000 291,000 141,000 99,000 68,000 64,000 57,000 51,000 45,000 35,000 31,000 27,000 23,000 22,000 20,000 15,000 12,000 12,000 9,600 8,700 7,600 r 5,400 5.400 5, 100 4,900 3,700 3,500 3,100 2,900 2,000 2,300 2,100 1,400 1.200 6,200 Value. n,«4,0Q0 $4,880,000 LaaKUaad 42,493,000 11,151,000 3,191,000 4,629,000 2,909,000 1,229,000 691,000 1,362,000! 451, OOo' 291,000 141,000 99,000 64,000 55,000 1,294.000 723,000 386,000 360,0001 27,000! 12,702,000 111,000 Quantity (pounds). Seandj Value. 6,856,000 1,727.000 85,000 1,906,000 66,000 905,000 77,000 424,000 108,000 800 90,000 45,000 064,000 106,000 •12,946,000 •4,298,000 • 1,632,000 •650,000 423,000 003,000 8,175,000 189,000 65,000 2,553,000 2,173,000 381,000 292,000 98,000 67,000| 0, 190,000 102.000 26,000 («) 34.000 208,000 133,000 81,000 58,000 109.000 97,000 168,000 288,000 18,040,000 4,288,000 1,632,000 650,000 423,000 602,000 8,176,000 189,000 65,000 45,000 35,000 31,OOo' 27,0001 4.400 22,000! 6,900. 35,000 50,000 2,500 5,600 1,222,000 12,000 8, 100! 100 8,700 7,600 7,100 6,600 6,700 5,400 1,400, (>) 4,900! 3,700: 3,500 3.100 2.900 2,m 2.300 2,100 4,800 2,553,000 2,173,000 381,000 292,000 98,000 67,000 9,700 8,200 8,100 700 Quantity (pounds). Value. 13,7«l,000'81,100,OOOl57,7U,000«,2B2.000 244,000 79.000 6.900 68.000 1,800 35,638,000 1,119,000 49.000 6,600 1,500 4,200 300 600 2,600 100 14,000 103.000 55,000 14,000 23,000 133,000 27,000 61.000 30.000 60.000 20,000 63,000 122,000 2,391.000 3,000,000 571,000 643,000 92,000 6,400 141,000 08,000 (') 2,300 1,700 2,800 900 3,200 2,100 700 2,400 1,800 1,000 1,000 1,500 9.424.000 3,106,000 2.724,000 2,943,000 264.000 614,000 OBBAT LAKES UlSTBICT. 372,000 284.000 73,000 97,000 16,000 48,000 1,259,000 672,000 386,000 358,000 21,000 11,540.000 111,000 424.000 106,000 800 90,000 32,000 551.000 51,000 43,000 31,000 31.000 27.000 3,800 20.000 6,900, 12,000 1,200 643.000 375,000 268,0001 IOTnOOO 97.000{ 12, K 190,000 88,000 26,000 (») 11.000 135,000 100,000 20,000 28,000 49,000 77,000 105,000 IIG.OOO 10.555,000 1,299,000 1,061,000 7,200 332,000 507,000 8,175.000 48.000 1,600 3,mo 10,000 96,000 12,000, TetaL Lite Erie. Lakis Ontario. Quantity (iwunds;. Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (POIIIKIS). Value. 6,011,000 1308,000 4,188,000 njo,ooo 8B,000 074,000 5,011,000 203,000 4,188,000 130,000 823,000 74,080 i53,66ij 2,001,000 68,000 1,847,000 56,000 .... 12,000 45.000 2,044,000 2,600 51,000 1,800 2,000,000 100 49,000 44,000 86,000 2,600 i,no 1 20,000 500 16,000 30U; 4,700 200 86,000 19,000 44,000 9,000 42,000 9,000 136,000 179,000 13,000 16,000 14,000 123,000 800 0,800 122,000 56,000 12,000 5,400 143,000 80,000 6,800 0,600 15,000 1,700 400 100 128,000 87,000 o'«o 1 18,000 6,300 18,000 6,800 118,000 38,000 4,000 5,100 83,000 1,800 2,900 100 35,000 30,000 1,1(J0 5,000 20,000 19.000 53,000 1,400 1.200 1,400 Com 100 25,000 800 700 14,000 19,000 28,000 1.100 1,100 flOO » Less than $100. * Less than 100 pounds. • 1,^9,000 bushels. « 614,000 bushels. • 204,000 buataals. • 81^880 friloos. FISfl£BI£S OF Tfifi l]]^IX£D STATES, 190S Tama 7.-~IISW T08K-nOI>OCI8, BT GLASS OF 9! Qnantity (poands). 10,000 654,000 38,000 3,191,000 102,000 1,229,000 406,000 247,000 2.999.000 7,500 42.000 736,000 4,629,000 424,000 39,000 34,000 2,044,000 24,000 106,000 58,000 12,762,000 19,000 90,000 144,000 90,000 1,904,000 40,000 Ui»Oio 1,294,000 723,000 53,000 360,000 168,000 4,m 109,000 11,151,000 45,000 105,000 8,100 276,000 a^ooo 81,000 97,000 19,000 20,000 199,000 179,000 2«;><.000 3,100 2,300 6,300 1,400 6,700 15,000 3,700 300 7,«0 2,300 100 (») 67,000 600 223,000 54,000 HM> 8,200 2,173,000 381,000 96,000 8,100 8 2,918,000 ii,oa» 1,100 1,800 1,502,000 7,500 140,000 1,231,000 34,000 200 1,064,000 %m 26,000 io, 440,666 100 57,000 800 l,3o2,000 91,000 67,000 1,000 16,000 1,600 1,100 Quantity (poands). Vtkm. 2,601,000 2,601,000 1,368.000 1,064,000 99,000 57,000 'i2,'666 25,000 7.700 'i,'n6 'LeMttUtnSlOO. • 1,350,000 bushels. > 573.000 l>ush( Is. • * 47,000 buAels. » 54.000 bushels. TAH.B 9.— NEW YORK— FISHERY PRODUCTS: 1908, 1898-99, 1890, AND 1880. TtM. Fiih.. Bottnllaii Carp, Goman Caffista and bullheads. Cod Eels Flounders. HerriE Me Pike perch. Scop, or porsy . . . . . . Sea nass Shaii Squeteague Sturgeon and caviar. AU other 1908 Quantity (pounds). Value. 7i), 485, 000 «, 594, 000 Oyston.. Clams.... Scallops. Lobster.. 47,504,000 3,191,000 1,229,0(X) 406,000 247,000 2,999,000 736,000 4,629,000 2,046,000 12,762,000 2,001,000 1,294,000 723,000 3tlO,000 11,151,000 113,000 3,617,000 » 17,244,000 » l,ti32,000 » 650, 000 423,000 0,081,000 1,5W>,000 291,000 64,000 31,0011 20,000 99,000 57,000 141,000 51,000 22,000 68,000 4.5,000 35,000 27,000 451,000 23,000 140,000 2,553,000 292,000 98,000 57.000 27,000 1898-99 QuantitT (poands). Value. 1806 Qoaotity (poonds). Value. 194,630,000 11,214,000 471.000 297.000 757, 000 2,040,000 521,000 877,000 3,408,000 168,380,000 1,030,000 (Mo, 000 311,000 1,829.000 2,077,000 1,326,000 4,638,000 s 14,43i),0>X) '2,321,000 "•653,000 332,000 6,085,000 1,436,000 387,000 15,000 12,000 29,(100 1,9. (WH) 34,000 28,000 47,000 48,006 14,000 14,000 63,000 64,000 106,000 117,000 1,985,000 267,000 63,000 30,000 16,000 200, 559, (KK) 14.8.59,000 1 161,736,000 5,740,000 424,000 1,576,000. 250,000 13,000 865,000 1,939,000 24,000 79,000 1,937,000 1,576,000 2,406,000 8H,QI0 110,000 45.000 tt.000 341,000 80^600 1 .3ii9,000 751,000 3,777.000 2,990,000 a;36i,fl06 7,116^606 7,300 41,000 190,000 117,000 8^606 176,000 » 10,456,000 '5,782,000 u 606,000 150,000 15,838,000 •-•.4.5,8,000 711,000 71.000 15,000 28,000 333,523,000 >4,381,000 318,257,000 2,212,000 66,600 3,680,000 67,000 381^061,686 1.116,606 2,734,000 4,000,000 1M,600 18,886,680 • 7,3fH,00(t •6,203,000 137.000 120,006 <^68» 68r,666 1,577,000 518,000 188,000 1,618,000 6,106 66,606 12,463,000 bushels. >%062,000 bushels. *M81,60O boriiais. 7«7M«»— 11 14 « 1,018,000 baohels. bushels. ' 723.000 bushels. • 775,000 bushels. •8 "0 82, 000 gallons, u 74,000 gaUoos. FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Table 10.— NEW YORK— PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES, BY DISTRICTS: 1908. Sea Suckeri Haddock nke and pickerel pick( hite. Trout, brook. Hliitebait ... Mackerel Menhaden Whiting. Tautoc Mackerel, thimble- eye" 1 . 8eup, orporgy ^^caU unpe. Trout, lake... All other Oywtea SeaOops. Oabs... Squid . . Mussels. 89.000 90,000 81,000 JtS IS, 000 197,000 »>«• M.OOO I 9i.noo 2,3i-.'.0iKt 2b8,000 $a,m» m,m as, no 5S000 65,000 95,000 168,000 76,000 19,000 14,000 268,000 »3. 430, 000 ♦2J«t),000 1,236,000 *220,000 545,000 189,000 8,125,000 9,600 8,700 7^800 7'm» 6,300 5,500 5,100 4,900 4,800 4,fi00 4,000 3,700 3,900 3,500 S>«0 I 2,sa,uuu AAA .«/4yUUU |17,900,080 1 4,769.000 1 3,408,000 1.222,000 551.000 !| 1.407,000 385.000 M4,000 235,000 111,000 64,000 43,000 39,000 30,000 6,679,000 1,723,000 1,812,000 fui!i Ann 70,000 15,000 237,000 79,000 65,000 4V.UUU 6,000 11,287,000 3. (Mo. COO l,59t).000 258,000 481.000 1 . 392, 000 385,000 457,000 155.000 45,000 15,000 37,000 39,000 30. (XX) 2,410,000 130,000 1,588,000 57,000 823,000 74,000 ' ^0. uuu 1 QAA lUU 44, (XW A 500 20,000 500 uuu IC.OOO 480. UOC 300 18,000 4,700 183,000 200 12,000 360,000 27.666 2.500 300 358,000 27,000 86,000 Od nnn UUU 19,000 944,000 44,000 24,000 9,000 OK fWl 42,000 »,ooo 27.000 273,000 109,000 2(i8.000 106.000 ,1 390.000 i! Il ^ 90,000 4.400 22,000 6.700 19.0(X) ti. 100 11.000 100 8,700 o,(M0 600 t>, oUU 21.000 , no tw\ liM, (XKl 109,000 231,000 tno nnn lUOf UUU 300,000 800 90,000 3,700 16,000 6,700 16.000 • 6,100 11.000 100 8,000 1315,000 13,000 14,000 800 122,000 12,000 s7,oeo 3,100 1 143, uuu 5,900 15,000 400 128.000 5,400 1 CG Ann w, UUU y. ouu 800 100 8* , 000 9, 400 100 («) 1 44.006 654,000 7,«» 7,100 14,000 160,000 2,300 1,700 30,000 551,000 %000 5,300 18,000 6,300 18,000 0^300 197,000 (') 34,000 91,000 80,000 2,322,0(K) 268,000 26,000 1 UO^OOO 1 80^000 .5>>.000 55,000 95,000 168,000 76,000 5,500 (') 4,900 4,800 4,600 4, (XX) 3,700 1,400 3,500 s,ooe 2,900 2,600 2,200 2,100 1,400 11,000 76, 000 35,000 1,100,0(X) 135,000 2(i,000 103,000 10,000 28,000 21,000 77,000 105,000 15,000 5,500 (I) 1,700 3,900 2,200 1,400 1,600 1.40O 2,800 700 1,200 1,100 1,300 600 400 38,000 5, 100 1,800 100 flno UU^UUV 0, WW 23,000 u.rxx) 45.000 1,222,0'K) 133,000 3,200 000 2,500 2.600 2,100 62,000 2,200 26,000 1,100 35,000 1,100 27,000 CI, 000 ao,ooo 35,000 18,000 63,000 60,000 700 2,400 1,800 1,500 900 1,500 1,000 1 1 i9,666 14,000 47,000 1,200 1,100 1,300 100 (') 19,000 (') (') 700 19,000 14,000 28,000 1,200 1,100 600 : 221,000 1 4,3(X) (.01.000 579, UX) 1 22,000 210^000 35,000 8,600 8,100 6,600 700 119,000 1,000 145,000 143,000 1,300 91,000 Ifl^OOO 34,000 100 6,200 102,000 3,266 457,000 430,000 21,000 119,000 20,000 400 S,500 1,900 6,600 600 1 3,430,000 ; 2b HMO. VALUK OF EQLIPMENT. reODUCTS. Tout Vessels and boats, Including out&t. Appara- tus of capture. Quantity (poraids). Value. 1008 M02. 1807. uao. 1880. 9,637 11,592 10,120 7,«8 4,729 ' $901,000 1,157,000 1 7(>5,000 1 634,000 388.000 8583,000 583,000 354,000 288,000 102,000 8987,000 674,000 411,000 346,000 225,000 101,422,000 67,585.000 (vj. 234. 000 51,79<.»,fXX) 32,2tt,000 11,776,000 1,740,000 1.316,000 1,028.000 840,000 An increase in the number of persons employed was diown at each canvass up to and including that of 1902, and this was accompanied by ino'eases in all the other items given in the above statement. From 1902 to 1908, however, there was a decline in the number of persons employed and a corresponding decrease in the value of both classes of equipment. The vessels engaged in fishing and transporting show a decrease of $79,000 in value since 1902. Products, on the other hand, continued to in<»ease in both quantity and ▼ahie. The following tabular statement distributes, b}^ dass of fisheries, the number of persons employed in the years for which canvasses have been made from 1880 to 1908: BY STATES. 211 FSBsom BOLOTn, EEGLuami or TotaL j fajwael On trans- pott^ In sliore egd^boat 9.637 080 427 8.571 11,592 1,100 m 10.059 10,120 455 202 9.4fi3 7,478 251 175 7.052 7,180 283 110 6.837 6,003 150 138 6,315 6.243 172 140 5,811 4,729 Persons employed. — Tlie distribution of the persons employed is given in the following tabular rtatement: nwBOHB bio&otsd: 1808. Numljer. Salaries and wages. Total. Pro- prie- ion. Sala- ried em- ploy- ees. 1 Wagie- eam- en. TotaL Sala- ries. Total. 9,681 ■4,803 3 4,875 1640,000 11.800 '8544,000 Vessd fidurieB Transportiiig vessels. . Shore and boat fisb- 639 427 8,571 44 58 113 4,632 2 570 314 3.9:i>; 81,000 48,000 ■110.000 6,900 1,800 48,080 410.000 a,oo» 1 (») ■ Exclusive of 214 |WLrirten Mt lUOag. *hu■,^v^cs t>rovisioiltfnlliMdtotlMVriM«(tH^ >Less than 5100. The vessel fisheries gave employment in 1 908 to only a small percentage of the totnl lunnber of persons re- ported. The sliore and boat fisheries are credited with 8,571 persons, or 89 per cent of the total number, while only 1,066, or 11 per cent, were engaged in the vessel fisherira and on the toraiiBportii^ vessds. Oafy 44 shoresmen wwe reported. By far tlie larger num- ber of persons reported for vessel fisheries and trans- porting vessels wea*e wage-earners. For tlio sliore and boat fislieries of North Carohna a larger proj)or(ion of wage-earners and a smaller proportion of independent fishermen were reported than tm the same dass of fish- eries in other states. Many of the perscms ODiployed in the industry fished only a part of the year, and during the remainder of the time engaged in farming and other occupations. Equipment and otiber capital. — The next tabular state- ment gives the distribution, by class of investment, of the total capital employed in the fisheries of Nmrth Cafidina. The total investment in 1 008 in fishing and trans- porting vessels and their outfits was $282,000, which was greater than the investment in boats by $30,000. The value of vessels and apparatus of < aj)ture jiertain- ing to vessel fisheries was only $308,000, or uue-half SIS FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. •8 much as the yalue of the apparatus of capture and boftte used in the shore and boat fisheries, idiich to $593,000. indading outfit . and Vessels Outnt . Vessels . Outfit.. Veatto . Ontfit . Vessels . Outfit .. AM9 aaam CARTAi: IMS. Value. Sa,270.000 Row Other AppMiUm ^M^ tute I boat flsbwies . 282,000 137,000 W.OOO n,ooo ■ 9,500 68,000 54,000 14,000 145,000 52.000 35,000 17,000 93.000 73.000 20.000 251,000 118,000 96,000 33,000 2,600 367,000 26,000 341,000 %«» Nombar. TomiagB 290 99 16 2,815 1,135 aw M m » ••s 171 1,4W 4,984 433 2,272 Tbe inreslment ni apparatus of captaio m the ehmre and boat fisdieries was nearly thirteen times as great as that in the vessel fisheries. The importance of this item is shown by the fact that in 1902 it represented 28 per cent and in 1908, 27 per cent of the total invest- ment in the fisheries of the state. The decrease from 1908 to lOQSin therahw of theiBfeatmeiit in apparatus of captme, wfaieh was fnm 9574,000 to 9867,000, is dutfgeable entir^jr to tile flhofe and boat fisheries, for the value of the apparatus of capture naed in the v eaod fisherie.s increast^d more than S5,000. The numbers of tlie principal kinds of apparatus of capture employed, all of wliich, except 16 gill nets, 10 ed pots, 41 srines, and 12 traps, wen used in flh«e and i: FMmdiMii i,m Seine? 1,588 Shrimp nets 45 Stop net*. 4 Mink, Miwkul, and otter traps 582 Turtle nets 149 25 Cast nets... 64 Grab nets 828 DfpMli 40 F> ke nets 416 GUI nets 42,225 Harpoons, spean^ete 64 d 4^289 IV a dnrfi , lyy speciet.—'nm fishery prodncto of the state, dktribntod by speciea and by upipmnUm of eap- taie, are shown in Table 1, on page 215. The product of the North Carolina fisheries included more than 40 species of fish, besides frogs, crabs, shrimp, terrapin, turtles, clams, and oysters ; the skins of mink, muskrats, and otter; whalebone and whale dl; and tin Mdes and efl of porp(MMa Of the important prodnds, shad, oystcvs, maDet, and clams showed large decreases in 1908 in both quan- tity and value. Almost the entire increase in the total quantity of products is accounted for by the unpreee- dsnted size of the menhaden catch. Although this amounted to 40,000,000 pounds more than in 1902, it caused an increase in value of only 940,000. While the catches of some of the other species increased in both quantity and value, the increase in the total value for the state was due chiefly to the general increase in the price per pound received for fishery products. In the following tabular statement the quantity and ▼idue reported far some of the imfXHrtant products are given far 1902 and 1906: Shad Oysters Squetragiw Mullet Alewives... Clams Menhaden. flUBUT noooen. QuantitT (poonda). Value. Quantity (pounds). Vain*. S, MS, 000 5,690,000 4,635,000 5,070,000 10,928,000 726,000 57,412,000 $373,000 236,000 200.000 175,000 140.000 82,000 70,000 0,567,000 7.1fi0,000 ' 3.781,00f) 0,705.000 11,173,000 ; 1,175,000 18,M3,«W $385,000 268.000 156.000 188,000 116,000 87,000 «.«. The total weight of the 1908 product was 101 ,422,000 pounds and its total value SI, 776,000. The 40 species of fish reported contributed 94,133,000 pounds, valued at $1,406,000, or 94 per cent of the weight and 79 par ocDtoftlMirahwi Mud cottilitatod tha moat valuable product and oysters ranked seeond, the value of the former being $373,000, or 21 per cent of the total value reported, and that of the latter $236,000, or 13 per cent of the total value. Three species of fish — squeteague, mullet, and. alewives — for which values of $206,000, $175,000, and $140,000, respectively, were reported, ranked neactmimpcMrtance. For no other product was a value as great as $100,000 reported; but dams worth $82,000 were taken, and crabs and 16 species of fish each added from $10,000 to $70,000 to the total value of the product. Products, by doss of fisheries. — The products of the e^re and boat fiaheries and of the vessel fisheries are given in detaO, by species and apparatus of capture, in Tables 2 and 3, on pages 216 and 217, respectively. The next tabular statement distributes, by species, arranged in the order of value, the total value of -products for the stato as a whole and for each class of fisheries. The catch of the shoie and boat fisheries aggregated 45,556,000 pounds, or 44 per cent of the total wei^t, and was valued at $1,613,000, or 91 per cent of the total value of the fishery products of the stato. Shad contributed 22 per cent of the total value reported for this class of fisheries, representing a larger per- centage of the value than any other species. Sque- teague, mullet, and oysters each furnished more than 10 per emA at the total vahie. The catch of the venel fidieries was 55,865,000 pounds, or 55 per cent of the total quantity for the stato; but its value waa only $163,000, or 9 per cent FISHER] BY STATES. 213 Less than SlOO. The value of fish proper constituted 81 per cent of the total value of the catch in the case of shore and boat fisheries and 61 per cent in the case of vessel fisheries. Two-thirds of the value of the fish taken in the reaaetl fiahems sepreaented the vahie of menhaden. Products, hy appmrntiu cf capfwre. — ^The following tabular statement shows the distribution by appa- ratus of capture, arranged in the order of the value of their catch, of the total value of products, for the state as a whole and for each class of fisheries : KIND OF AFPAKATUS. ▼Aune or iwmocn: 1W8. Vend llriMfte. Shore and boat flnhfrico. tl| 778,000 8108,000 81,613,000 591,000 391,000 376,000 307,000 29,000 21,000 16,000 46,000 96,000 700 e«,ooo 495,000 391,000 375,000 243.000 29.000 18,000 16,000 4«i000 Gill nets .7. Uoea 2,500 (') The products caught by seines contributed a larger |Murt of the w^it and value of the total fishery prod- ucts than those taken by any other form of apparatus. Their value constituted 33 per cent of the total value of all products and their weight 70 per cent of the total quantity. The chief species caught by seines were mullet, squeteague, menhaden, black bass, ale- wives, and i^ad. Slightly more than five-sixths of the value of the products takea by this form of appa- ratus was secured from the shore and boat fisheries. On tlie basis of the value of the product taken, pound nets, trap nets, and weirs formetl the next most important class of fishing apparatus. Since 1880, whm only 117 pound n^ were used, this kind of apparatus has ineraased in importance, untfl in 1906, 3,997 pound nets, trap nets, and wrira were in use. The value of the product obtained by pound nets, in- cluihng the comparatively small quantities taken by trap nets and weirs, amounted to S.391,000, or 22 per cent of the value of all fishery products. These forms of apparatus woce used only in the shoite and boat fisheries and prindpafly in the captma of AmA and alewives. Gill nets ranked second in importance with respect to the value of the product taken in 1902 and tliird in 1908. They were of little consequence in the vessel fisheries, but were extensively used in the shore and boat fisheries fw catching shad, squeteague, mallet, hhiefish, and nmneraus less important aperies. Dredges, tongs, and rakes yielded a {MToduct valued at $307,000, which consisted of c4ams, oysters, and crabs. Crab nets, lines, and bow nets followed in rank accord- ing to the value of product taken. The use of crab nets and bow nets was confined to the shore and boat fisheries, to ^diich 88 per cent of the vahie of the catch by lines is also credited. With, fyke nets various spe- cies of fish, having a total value of S8^600, wen tafcHi in the shore and boat fisheries. Shad. — Shad has always been the chief product of the fisheries of North Carolina, and in 1908 the total catch was 3,942,000 pounds, valued at $373,000. This catch, however, contributed only 4 per cent of the total weight and 21 per cent of the total vahw of the fishery prodvcts of the state. Hie faaattty wna 40 per cent less than in 1902, but the value was only 3 per cent less than in that year. In 1902 the state ranked lirst in the shad catch, reporting 6, .567, 000 pounds, valued at $385,000; but in 1908 it was out- ranked by Virgmia, both in the quantity and the value of shad taken. ' Of the total velue of the catdi<^ shad, 96 per cent was that of product obtained in the Aon and boat fisheries, principally by means of pound nets ami gill nets, though to some extent by seines and other apparatus. The cjuantity caught in the vessel fisheries, representing 4 per cent of the value, was obtained entirely by the use of seines and gill nets. Ttaa fidi was takem duefly in Cape Fear River and its tributaries, in Pamlico, Croatan, Roan^, and Albe- marle Sounds, and in the riven tribwtaiy to then sounds. Oysters. — The pyster yield ranked second in value, the total product m 1908 being 813,000 bushels, valued at $236,000. This rqnesents a decreaw, as compared with 1902, when 1,023,000 bushels wen obtained, having a value of $268,000. The average price per bushel, however, increased from 26 cents in 1902 to 30 cents in 1908. Very little progress has been n4 OF THE UNITED STATES, 1906. made iu the cultivation of oysters in North Carolina. The yield from private areas in 1908 was only 11,000 bushels, valued at $7,600. The following tabular pf— entu statistics in lespect to the yidd of IMS: TotaL , Maftet FtompubUc areas OY-STEB 1908. (ttS: value. 813,000 »236,000 754,000 744,000 59.000 ft7.O0O 227,000 220,000 8,800 8,fi00 TkB total yidd 258,000 403,000 377,000 1,200 817,000 57,412,000 53,000 5,070,000 800 993,000 360,000 476,000 60,000 373,000 U.OOO 39, m) 72,000 3,942,000 249,000 6,000 13,000 457,000 QUO nnn 4,635,000 24,000 610,000 02,000 03,000 165,000 7,200 5,400 277,000 113,000 371,000 7,7«» 23,000 4 726,000 > 5,209,000 •66,000 '401,000 •14,000 200 •100 ■•500 48,000 21,000 tt7,a» 140,000 40,000 45,000 200 29,000 1 7,000 ' 11,000 31,000 1,400 7,aoo 6,600 16,000 20,000 100 28,000 70,000 1,300 175,000 100 44,000 14,000 14,000 3,100 4,300 700 1,800 3,200 373,000 12,000 100 300 34,000 a»,ooo 1,000 36,000 6,400 2,000 5,600 200 900 33,000 1,100 9,000 1,800 700 82,000 220,000 7, aoo 8, a» 300 300 2,491,000 455,000 555,000 34,000 35,000 20,000 8,085,000 2(),(H1.I 8;},ixx) 9,500 1,084,000 20,000 221, (X)0 22.1,000 10,000 82,000 6,100 80,000 176,000 102,000 2,200 2,500 200 24,000 000 4,300 12,0(X) 100 1,000 200 4,100 9,500 164,000 8,100 601,000 1.100 120,000 5,S00 2J<,0l,000 020,000 53,000 213,000 2,500 256,000 167,000 1,200 293,000 56,465,000 2,900 3,486,000 800 452,000 227,000 315,000 51,000 208,000 4,200 34,000 1,100 401,000 219,000 3,100 4,000 3,800 14,000 600 4,600 100 10,000 9,000 100 9,600 69,000 100 124, (XX) 100 19,000 9,600 8,600 2,300 2,300 300 1,700 (») 34,000 10,000 1 1,100 400 20O 5,200 1,000 600 Carp, Oerman Daptab, or bowflo Dia%ailHrat«r 8,400 37,000 45,000 1,800 17,800 2,200 2,800 400 300 1,200 meindes apparatus, with estch, as flsOows: Dred g s e , tongs, etc., 5,907,000 pounds, valued at 8307,000; crab nets, 245,000 pounds, valued at 829,000; bow nets, 288.008 pounds, valued at $Ui,(XX): shrimp nets, 328,000 pounds, valued at $7,700; pots, 243,000 poimds, valued at S5,100: harpoons, snenr^. etc., 51,0(X) pounds, valued at $2,800; owt nets, 40,0(K) poim'is, valued at $1,900; wheels and slides, 123,000 pounds, valued at $1.!X)0: dip nets, 14,000 pounds, vahied at Sl.Jixi; mink, niusk-rat, and otter traps, 888 pounds, valued at $1 .m); turtle nets, 14,000 pounds, valued at $400; stop nets, 0,4(X) pounds, valued st $300; and minor apparatus, 530,000 pounds, valued at $14,000. » Less than $1 IV). * 91,(MI'i hiishels. « 9,5(X) liushels. » 2,000 hushefa. I'l icviskm^ • Less than 100 pounds. • 744,000 bushels. ' 67/)00 bushels. •200skins. » 1,UUU gallons. lit flSilElUKB OF THE JJKfTED STATES, 1906. Table 2.— iNORTH CAROLINA— PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. tt, 568,000 ves, fredi Alewives. smokea.. Angel fish.. Black bass. wad Dnnn Seb Iloanders Harrast fish mekory shad, fresh. . rdttd, salted. Menhaden Mattet, fresh IMkt, salted IMIet roe, salted. Perch, white j«ilow. SaOor's chain. . . Sea bass Shal ahuepahaad SpanttBl Spot Squeteague. fresh. . Squeteague, salted. BUa w b a iy bass crsppie Striped ba Sturgeon. Suckers. . . Sonflah.. . and GnSlhart ^SaliSc Whalebone. Skfais, mink. flkJns, attar. Porpoise Porpoise *7,»0 83,000 53,000 1,300 40,000 44,000 MO 200 28,000 1,400 7.200 5,.'i00 16,000 1,300 19,000 1,000 4,200 03,000 80,000 100 44,000 14,000 14.000 3,200 4,300 700 1,700 1,200 360,000 11,000 200 33,000 15.000 200.0(JO 600 1.000 36,000 6.400 2.000 5,600 900 1,100 33,000 i,m TOO 82,000 161,000 7,300 300 500 no 1.000 2,200 400 CAC ' wr— SaiiMa. Poundnet^,^^p omneU. Lines. Fyke nets. All other appa- IBtUS.> QnantitT (podnds). Value. Qoaatity (pooads). Value. Quantity (pooada). Value. Quantity (poonda). Valoa. Quantity Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. 16,612,000 1495,000 14,040,000 8391,000 7,719,000 8375,000 519,000 118,000 231,000 88,600 6,436,000 t.325.000 1,347,000 678.000 2.900 455,000 535,000 19,000 11.000 100 35,000 19,000 5,587.000 26.000 83,000 61,000 2, 200 2,500 146,000 ifi nnn 1,900 OUv onn 1 ^ nnn lOOf uuu in nnn 1 joa 7,700 600,000 600 22,000 15,000 500 15,000 1 Tfirt If /UU 1,200 inn 1,0B,«00 m,m 225,000 10,000 62.000 5.100 80,000 52,000 176,000 100 %m 12,000 100 l.OOO 20O 4,100 1,000 0,500 1 nnn 100,000 LfiOO 3|ii» 280,000 1,100 49,000 1,900 300 m 4,700 (') 1,200 1 98,000 153,000 504,000 .'13,000 213.000 2,500 250,000 3,100 13,000 600 4.600 100 9,800 8,400 37,000 45,000 1.800 17.000 2,200 9 finn 300 1,300 900 100 400 (') inn 5,300 30,000 100 30,000 800 600 ano 200 m (») 300 (») 35,000 U>000 400 5,300 1,500 246,000 33,000 1,100 30O (») 5,200 1,000 30,000 20,000 23,000 1,100 300 1,100 144,000 17,000 2.971,000 1,876,000 1,668,000 • 800 4.11 nnn 227 000 313! 000 51 000 2OliO0O 4,200 34 OOO lilOO 269 000 'XY} (MM) 7,600 1,000 8,«W 3,100 56,000 67,000 100 10 (VV) 9 600 8^500 2 300 2^200 ann 1 TTlft (') 20 000 a' Am 400 if) 100 10 000 15,000 oil 1 Mnf 8,000 480 inn 400 «B.'«0 nnn 1,242,000 288,000 17,000 600 37,000 12,000 »,oao 700 A oaa 800 m 3,000 100 17.000 19.000 600 900 97.000 .'i!000 14 000 128^000 5,900 17 nno 3 300 'lOO TOO 1,400 400 87.000 20 000 107i000 2 200 4i!ooo 1 000 3 400 900 3,200 100 700 100 8,800 2 300 5oi00O 400 100 2,200 75,000 13,000 100 1,100 3,800 500 (») 4,800 300 300 (») 200 8 (») 400 (') 2,000 1.8S.5.000 17 nnn 100 18*1, 0(X) 700 28,000 1.100 1 164 ono 11 nnn 144 000 (Ml/ 6,500 600 78,000 100 7,900 (*) 1,400 100 8 000 'goo 16.000 227iO0O 200 100 500 7,800 85.000 2,255,0(X) 6,400 6,800 169,000 34.000 .39,000 113,000 3,900 7,100 109.000 300 300 12.000 3.800 1.000 3,700 100 873,000 Ann 32,000 1,083,000 7,800 1.400 38.000 5.700 11,000 12,000 8,300 17 nnn 4 500 5l!000 400 100 2.700 800 500 600 100 800 200 6,000 100 300 200 400 11.000 200 200 71,000 800 3,200 300 <*\ V / (») 500 (•) (') 5,700 100 100 (*) 5.500 215,000 21.000 9. 700 14,000 800 200 15.000 1,800 400 600 (») 2,600 6,200 100 500 7,700 2,400 300 200 200 9,900 aoo (») 400 (») 14,000 200 5,400 2,900 g^OOO 3,200 13,000 « 726,000 H,088,000 • 66,000 T 188^000 • 14,000 200 •100 MflOO m 900 200 33,000 7.700 500 400 82.000 161,000 7,aoo aoo MO m m 49,000 700 4a,m 4,300 0,800 400 100 i,ao» 1,200 300 55,000 400 6,000 200 500 (») (») (») 200 TOO 100 (*) 48,000 u 21,000 1,000 2,200 »» 7,600 400 nets, 46,000 po«Mk VI ed at 8400; stop MH^ I * Less than SIOO. * Less than 100 •njno wnn awfw, as nuows: Dredns, tongs, etc, 4,570,000 poun<1s, valued at $243,000: crab nets, 345,000 pounds, valued at $29,000; bow nets, 263.000 pounds, valued at 07,700; pots, 242.00(j poumJs, valued at $5,000; iMfpoana. spears, etc., 51,000 pounds, valued ut {2,800; k. muskrat. and att« tana, «I0 pounds, valued at dip nets, 14,000 pOMily VdOid at 81,200; turtle nets, 14/WO pound*, iralued at $.300; and wmmmmmtas, .5.30,000 pounds, yiHli at $14,000. •S84jOOO Imsliels. ' 26J)00 buslieis. * 200 skins. » 2,800 gaUons. ♦MWltia •tjmhmmi i»i,HiaMM. - FISHERIES, B¥ STATES. Table 3.— NORTH CAROUNA-PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: IMS. 217 TOtil. Alewives Blueflsh Ckoakar. founders Hickory shad Kingflsh, or whiting. Ifennaden MuUet, fresh llted. Shad Sheepshead.. Snapper Saetl^ue... ifi^edbafis.. Oysters, maitat, to Oysters, seed, tarn pOI ifattsi (pounds}. Value. 95,865,000 467,000 20.000 13.000 6.900 6,(K)0 30,000 63,«>4,000 30,000 10,000 8,M0 41,000 134,000 17,000 5,000 19,000 17,000 166,000 8,300 10,000 * 1,181,000 ^»8;ooo 8163,000 4,700 700 500 300 500 1,000 66,000 1,000 40O 300 2,000 13,000 700 too 1,380 300 5,200 500 300 10,000 8,000 Seines. GBlnett. AO other appMBtw.' QuantitT (pounds). Viiiie. (pamds). Vitae. Qnantt^ (pooads). Vilm 54,457.000 $96,000 14,000 8700 1,3»4,000 867,000 467,000 19,000 32.000 6.400 6.000 30.000 53,494,000 38,000 4,000 4,100 000 500 300 500 1,000 66,000 1,000 300 1,000 aoo 500 i aoo m 400 (») 1,000 (') 200 m 8,000 41,000 3,080 132,000 17,000 13,000 700 1,000 380 200 m 5.000 1,400 100 100 18,000 17.000 164.000 8,000 5,600 1.200 .300 5,100 500 100 3, aoo m 30O S,iHO (») 100 2.000 •1,121.000 «8M,8B8 100 50,000 1 Includes a^uatus, with catdi, as foUows: Dredges,^ngj etb^^7/X» pounds, valued at 801/100; and V^^j^J^^^*^ ytimA at 83.800. wateiB <^ Lake Erie are so shallow that it would bo possible to catch all the fi.sh in them, and such a con- dition was imminont in 1903. Waminji^s of the pos- sible extinction of the fish in this lake were 5. 000 185.000 361,000 387,000 1.000 2,800 a,aoo 8421,000 300,000 417,000 508,000 2,400 3,900 27.216.000 10.749,000 36,624,000 44,032,000 1,700,000 1,M»000 8824,000 317,000 877,000 810,000 16.000 19.000 The large increase in the weight of product in the Ohio Kiver district is due entirely to the weight of mussel shells reported in 1908. Except for these products both the weight and the value of the Ohio Biver product would have been kaa tiias hatf as madi in ISCMB as in 1899, when no mussel-shell products were reported. Tbe faUaag in tho ppodnot of tiio 218 FI^[^IjBS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. OUo Bmr dislnet after 1894 was due in a large meas- un to laws mttictiiij fiahcniMii to the use of hooks MMi liaflB in interior watos. Persons employed.— Ovear 92 pw cent of the persons cn«rage Includes products as folio v. .s: Suckers, 35,000 pounds, valued at fSOO; German Mip, 9J0O pounds, valued at <200; drum or sbeeosbead 16,000 pounds, valued at ProdueUf hy apparahu of capture. — Gill nets wwe not used in the Ohio River fisheries, but in the vessel fisheries of Lake Erie they were the only form of appa- ratus of capture employed. Pound and trap nets, though used only in the shore and boat fisheries of Lake Erie, took a greater number of species and a heavier catch than any other kind of apparatus. No angle species of the 19 whidi wore tak«i by them suflSciently predominated in weight to form the Inilk of the catch; but the different varieties of pike, pickeiel, and pike perch taken by pound and trap nets aggregated 5,763,000 pounds, valued at $202,000, and formed over one-half of the weight and about two- thirds of the value of the mixre catch by this form of apparatus. Seines, which were reported for the shore and boat fisheries only, were used in the capture of 1 3 species. The quantity of products thus taken in the Ohio River district was small, amounting to only 20,000 pounds, valued at $1,600, while in the shore and boat fisheries of Lake Elrie products so caught aggregated 5,761,000 pounds, valued at $103,000. Of these Lake Erie products, 5,708,000 pounds represented German carp and contributed 99 per cent of the total vahie of the seine catch reported for tliis district. Since mussel sliells were the principal pioduct of the Oliio River lisheries, the cro\\"foot dredges used for taking them were the leading apparatus oi capture in that district. Principal species. — C'arp was the only one of the leading species for which a considera]>le increase in catch was shown in 1908, as compaicd with earher years. The following tabular statement indicates the relation of the carp catch to the total fishery products c/t the Lake Erie cUstrict of Ohio for certain years: BWIIMCT. Qauttty. j VikM. Pooada. I'er cent of total. Amoont. I'pr cent of totaL *,4a,m 26 S127.000 U 38 Sl.OCO M 9 47,000 7 The lake-herring catch, though larger than in 1903, retains only a fraction of its earlier importance, as ia dhown by the following tabular statement, and the decrease in this product accounts, in a large measure, for the decrease in the fishery i»oduct <^ Ohio from 1890 to 1903: un-BOtBDio noDOCT or lass TEAS. Omnttty. Valm. Per cent I oftotid. Amoant. Per cent « Less than lOO pounds. < Inclu( 4,200 2,000 300 (*) I, etc., 9,200 pounds, vahied at $9,700: trammel nets, 480Jn0 *^ =^"1: turtle nets, I9.m) {xjunds, valued at $1,000; and — *- 9,800 100 200 (') 200 5,600 Another Quantity (pounds). 2,121,000 476,000 6,400 100 600 (») Value. (') 1,900 1,697,000 4,000 18,000 »100 •14,000 Includes pearls and slugs valued' at $400. ^ 150 skins $32,000 9^100 (*) * 7,000 000 900 400 14,000 Tablb 2.— OHIO— fishery PR0DU( TS (^F LAKE ERIE DISTRICT: 1908. Quantity , (poonds). V,8M,I 9,400,000 18336,000 9,783,000 $308,000 5,761,000 8103,000 7,140,000 467,000 1,207,000 100,000 1,441,000 1,118,000 4,004,000 5,300 300 1,377,000 172,000 "MS 4,000 18,000 MOO •14,000 127,000 21,000 11,000 147,000 400 1,.300 54,000 70,000 125,000 71,080 98,000 500 300 19,000 8,300 Value. Poond and tn^ Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (poondB). Value. PykaiHidtoap Quantity (pounds). 1,665,000 $47,000 57,000 7,200 17,000 *^*SSo 7,700 922,000 52.000 1,026,000 30,000 998,000 600 90O 400 14,000 45,000 600 1,.300 3(X) 20O 130,000 400 100 38,000 3,800 34,000 19,000 78,000 525.000 I 2t)1.00() ' 989,000 I 166,000 8,700 12,000 9,100 7,900 5,708,000 11,000 13,000 600 37,090 84,000 460,000 786,000 2,902,000 1,826,000 249,000 5,100 300 1,022,000 128,000 1,000 1,100 14.000 49,000 88,000 51,000 14,000 500 300 15,000 6,100 33,000 102,000 500 100 373,000 118,000 183,000 Value. Quantity (pounds). 84,000 Vahie. $4,500 6,400 5,000 1,500 6,400 40O 18,000 1,000 400 (») 100 8,800 57,000 266,000 77,000 227,000 12,000 (») 100 1,800 16,000 2,600 6,200 700 («) 300 100 50O (') 291,000 43,000 4,100 4,900 3,800 2,000 300 (*) 300 64,000 1,900 7,400 9,800 200 (») (*) 3,200 m eoo 600 AB istai.1 Quantity (ponndi). 524,000 476,000 5,400 5,300 (») 1 Inclndp'; apnaratus, with catch, as follow^;: Harpoons, spears, etc., 9J00 pounds, val lndat$4 vri - irtlOHlli^H^ptyMDds. v ilued atSl.OOO: and lalMraMmtakMW than $100. « Less than 100 pounds. (•) "i,'966' 4,000 18,000 « 100 •14,000 ^ued at $9,700; tramonl pounds, valued atlM «1508UliS. pounds, valued at $9,4 • 41/100 sUna. $25,000 9.100 900 100 (*> 900 400 14,000 USHERIES, BY STATES. Tabu 8.-OHI0— neSSST PBOBUCTS OF OHIO RIYEB DISTRICT: IMS. 221 SPECIES. TOTAL. raOODCT C&VOBT BT— Fyke and taoop nets. Lines. Crowfeet dradgBB. Quantity (pooBds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds.) Value. Quantity (pounds). Valos. Total 1,700,000 $16,000 20,000 $1,600 49,000 84,000 35,000 83,aoo 1.097,000 87,000 Fish: 9,000 18,000 38,000 20,000 1,600 2,700 3,300 10,000 1,807,000 800 1,200 3,700 1,800 100 300 200 700 •7,000 800 .•i.OOO 2,500 4,800 1,600 100 3,300 3,100 100 300 200 GOO 100 (') 20O 8.100 11,000 12,000 6,400 700 700 1,200 eoo 100 2.000 23,000 8,700 (') 200 2,200 800 Paddleflsh 3,400 300 100 (») 7,900 BOO (») •7.000 MiK ilwili, paails, aad Oagt 1 Lees than fUn. OKLAHOMA. Hie commercial fisheries of Oklahoma, all of which were of the shore and boat class, were confined to the Arkansas River. Tlie statistics for 1908 are given in the following summary: Number of fishermen 3 Capital $50 Number ^ 3 Value $36 Apparattn of capture $10 Shore and acceoBOiy propeatty $6 Ftoducte: Total quantity (pounds) 6,700 Total value $300 Dtum, fredi-watflt^ P«UJld« : 4,500 Vahw $200 Buffalo fish— Pounds 1,200 Value $50 Catfidi — Pounds 1,000 Value $S0 OBBGON. The fishing grounds of Oregon may be grouped in two districts, comprising, respectively, the Columbia Ri^er and its tributaries, and the Pacific Ocean to- gether with the rivers emptying into it other than the Columbia. Most of the coast rivers are short, and their descent is so rapid that fishing is confined to within a few miles of the ocean. The Rogue and Umpqua Rivers, however, furnish abundant fishing for the sportsman, but little commercial fidiing is dime 1,01X) 872.000 3,098 724,000 2i(7,000 438,000 1 25,892,000 1,034,000 Persona employed. — The distribution of the peraona employed in the fisheries of Oregon in 1908, according to the character of their connection with the industry, is slio^^Ti in the followiii': tal)lo for the state as a whole , and for the two main iijiliery districts: 222 OF THE UI^ITED STATES, 1908. f AMD CLAm. Shorpsmen CM um bia River district WmdSc coast district Transporting vessels Shore and boat flslwries. . Shoresmen •BadoatTcafa Of the total Bumbw of pmtms tmpUsyed in the fisheries of the state, 79 per cent were credited to the Columbia River district and 21 per cent to the Pacific coast district. Wage-earners constituted nearly two- thirds of the total number employed, and the amount dialMiraed in wgtm wm eqoal to more than one-third of the total ritmt of products. The wage-eamero engaged in Atan and boat fishing foimed 96 per cent of all wage-eanMn> and leo^ved 96 per cent of tiie total wages paid. Equipment and other capital. — The distribution of the value of equipment and of the amoimt of other ^ployed in the Oregrai fiaheries in 1908 is I bmbord: 1908. TMaL Proprietors MMinde- it 4,773 i3;SM 99 4,670 3 3,778 81 994 I 7 2,217 1,722 18 m a 6 1,716 502 1 m Salaried employees. Wace- 3,546 92 2,451 3 2,064 7ft 482 17 472 3 TotaL $478,000 Salaiiw. 1800 2l). (KK) 451,000 200 417,000 ^000 61,000 4,300 56,000 200 800 WagM. * 8477,000 36,000 4C0^O0O 30O 416,000 33^000 »4,fl00 0,000 cunm MB. TetaL JO 1 i III 1 i Pacific coast dtaMBt. 81,368,000 tl,3a8,«W 8160,000 140,000 125,000 16,000 367,000 112,000 233,000 18,000 11,400 7B6.000 tB,«n 114,000 101.000 13.000 310.000 S9.(X)0 215,000 6.900 5,100 %S 26,000 24,000 2,700 51.000 23. 000 17.000 11.000 300 77,000 ft, 300 SaU OOm No TesMb wete engaged m fiaiiinpr in the state dming the year, all vessels reported being used exclusively for transporting fish and fish products. Vessels thus engaged numbered 44, \vitli a total net tonnage of 565. Seven of these, having a tonnage of 78, were engaged in the Pacific coast fisheries, wliile the 37 vessels reported for the CohnnHa Hirer district in 1906 were caqplojed on the Cohimbia and WiUamette Biren. In 1904 the number of transporting vessels reported was 35, valued at $116,000, and the value of their outfit was $14,000. The number of boats reported itoltevilMcCltSjOOO. was 2,312, which comprised 216 steam and motor boats, 1,628 sailboats, 523 rowboats, and 45 scows. Of these several kinds of boats, the Columbia River district reported 198, 1,355, 191, and 31, respectively. The investment in boats of all kinds shows an increase of 54 per cent since 1904. The proportion of the capital invested in apparatus of capture is large, on account of the expmsiTe seinea and nets used in the salmon fisheries and the great expense of constructing and locating the whe^ wed on the Columbia River. The nets, traps, seines, and wheels reported were distributeil as follows: APFABATUS OF CARmB: 1908.1 TotaL Columbia River dMiiet. Padflo OOMt diatiiet. Fvke net.-; m 3,981 2,143 17 100 81 35 2.931 1,700 17 m n GUI nets 1,050 443 Hoop nets and ti^te. ' .\11 reported by shore and boat fisheries. Gill nets are used principally in the salmon fisheries. The number reported in 1908 represents an increase in the four years between the two canvasses of 1,350, or 61 per cent, as compared with the number in 1904 — 2,631. Tbkty wheeb were reported in 1904 and 31 in 1908. They were all located on the Cohimbia Bhrer and their catch in 1908 included salmon and sturgecm. The seines reported in 1908 numbered 100, as com- pared with 50 in 1904. Of those reported in 1908, 58 were in use in the Columbia River district and 42 in other waters. Those employed in the Columbia River fifllMries were large seines of an arerage yahie of neariy $700, while the sdnes used in other waters averaged but $100 each in value. Xo pound nets lapovted by the Buraau of Fiaheries in 1904. FISHERIES, BY STATES. 223 Fyke nets have increased in number, while hoop nets and traps have decreased. Products, hi/ species. — Table 1 , on i)age 224, sliows for 1908 the (juantity and value of the lisherv products of the state, by species and by apparatus of capture. The total product increased from 27,633,000 pounds, valued at $1,186,000, in 1904, to 28,217,000 pounds, valued at $1,356,000, in 1908, an increase of 3 per cent in quantity and 14 per cent in value. In 1904 there were 15 species of products, as compared witii 21 in 190S. Those not reported in earlier Ciinvasses were cuIlus cod, flounders, sculpin, squeteague, or sea trout, black snapper, sole, and tomcod, some of whidh were taken in consideraMe quantities. Hie value of the salmon catch represented 96 per cent of the total value of products in 190S. The bulk of the Oregon salmon product was of the cliinook variety, wliich contributetl 68 per cent of the total weight and 81 per cent of the total value of salmon reported for the state. Products, by fishing grounds. — ^Tables 2 and 3, on pages 224 and ^5, give the fishery products, by specie and apparatus of capture, for the Columbia River and Pacific coast districts, respectively, and the following tabular statement siiows, for the state as a whole and for the two districts, the distribution by principal species of the total value of products in 1908: TALUS ntODVCTS: 1906. SPECIE.S. TotaL Gelanibia Btver fiatrict. I'acific coast district. TotaL 81,356,000 81,186,000 8170,000 With 1.329,000 1.301.«J0 i.o.jo.ooo 109. 0!X) 109,000 1 20,000 7.000 9.000 8.000 0,800 1 4.000 14,000 6,900 4,200 3,000 1.172.000 1. I KS, 000 1.011,000 21,000 95,000 20,000 1,800 9,000 7,400 6,800 600 14,000 157,000 152.000 45.000 ss,o()o 14,000 Chinook .Silver Steelhead Catfish 5,200 Sliad 000 .\11 other 4.000 Ckahe. 6,900 4,200 2,000 Oraters. The following tal)ular statement shows, for 1908, the fishery products of the state according to fishing grounds: imnMO GKOtTRD. Tof.al •.'S.217.CI00 FISHERY PRODTOtS: 1906. Quantity (poands). •51,350,000 Columbia River Nehalem, Tillamook, and Neatogga RiTen. Rogue River CoqaUle Rivar. Clackamaa and Winamp Riven. Coos Bay. Siuslaw River. Yaquina Bay and River.. Alseya Bay and Rivw. .. Umpqua River Neknakuiii River AB other 20, 2, 1. 911,000 405,000 990,000 293,000 404,000 628,000 845,000 280,000 225,000 140,000 50,000 46,000 Vakw. 1,102.000 40,000 37,000 26,000 25.000 20,000 17,000 12,000 8.900 3.200 900 2,900 ProductSfby apparatus of capture. Of tlie totalquan- tity, 22.849,000 j)ounds were taken with gill nets; and of the gi!l-iu t catcli. 22.240,000 pounds, or 97 per cent, represeiiied salmon, valued at SI. 0(31. 000, or 82 per cent reported for the total salmon catch of the state. Seines ranked second both in req>ect to the quantity and the value of the product taken. In addition to a laige anxnmt of salmon, considwable quantities of flounders, herring, and perch of the viviparous variety were included in the seine catch. The catch by wheels is confined to sahnoii and a few stuigeon. In the following tabular statement tlie value of the total fishery product is distributed according to appa- ratus of capture, for the state and the two districts: nin> or AvrAuns. TotaL. OiU neta Seines Wheels Pots and traps Pound nets Dredges, tongs, etc. Lines VALUE or ntODTOtK 1908. Total. Cohmibia riKiflo coast 11,356,000 91,186,000 8170.000 1,076,000 152,000 72,000 29.000 18,000 7,200 2. 200 9.-a(^ silver, and ste^iead salmon increased. The following tabular statement shows the quantity and value of salmon taken from the different fi«hipg grounds in 1908: sAURni fopocr ; ND8. Quantity (pounds). TotiO. i 26,876,000 H.Sn.OOO Columbia River j 30,095,000 Nehalem, TiUamook, and NeatagcaRIvcn. ; 2,405,000 Coquille Uiver Siuslaw River Cooe Bay Clackamas and Willamette Rivers. Alseya Bav and River Yaquina fiav and Riv«r. UmpqiM River. I Sivar.. I, 990.000 277. UKi 845. 0(X) 537, OCO 263,000 150,000 124,000 140. OQO 80,000 135.000 40.000 37.000 2'..IKI0 17.000 17,000 13,000 6.500 4.200 8,300 The salmon catch of the Columbia River alone con- stituted 75 per cent of the total salmon catch of the state and represented 87 per cent of its total value. The quantity taken from the Coquille River was greatM* than that taken from Rogue IUv«r, but the value of Mtkdm arouatus, with catc h^^as toUow s: Pots a nd^faap s^ 561,000 psuacb. ■t S29,000; pound nets, 353,000 pounds, valued at $18,000; dredses, (0119s, etc, tMbwli*. 'ItTTniilhTTf im Tabu 2.— OBBGOK— 91 IT PRODUCTS OF COLUMBIA RIVER DISTRICT: 1906. lOItt. Gill nets. Wbeels. All other apparatw.* ssss. ValM (pOulMIS}. Vakw. ValM. QnaBtity (paoBds). VahM. QaantftT (pemids). VafeMu a,3U,0M 9^m,m M, 643,000 1031,000 2,586,000 $142,000 1,355,000 $72,000 732,000 $41,000 rwi: Carp, I'.erman 30,000 201,000 4a3.0OO 16,9oo.000 147,000 839,000 2,013,000 418,000 t7,«0» 1M,M 178,000 ao^Mo 1,011.«» 1,800 21,000 95,000 7,400 .s 30,000 300 Catfish a6i,666 17^000 9,000 300 10,pantus.i - - Quantity (pounds). — - - Value. Quantitv (pounds). Vahie. Quantity (pounds). Value. 6,207,000 $144,000 401,000 $10,000 294,000 su,ooe 20,000 800 5,000 100 18,000 400 16,000 TOO 9,200 1,700 1,121,000 748,000 20O 41,000 5,300 84,000 13,000 6,000 24.000 100.000 M,000 318,000 u,m 100 MO 3,900 100 4,200 i,m 8,666 2,000 30U 100 13,000 600 5,000 aao 11,000 500 1,500 <») i^aoo 200,000 • 700 430,000 *2,300 • «,0Q0 * 1,000 100 6,900 100 2,000 800 Total. Coitus ooA, Flounders. Halibut... Herring, SlllUMI, 4fl(OT Salmon, dmr, Salmon, Sculpin. Sea trout Shad gWWWi, or bteck snapper. AH Crabs, hard Clams, hard Clams, soft or rasor Oystos, market, from public t 03Wt— , martEat,frBB> jgivate areas. Oyitai, swd, toHB panto i 6,002,000 $170,000 20,000 23,000 16,000 15,000 28^000 1,221,000 758,000 4,084,000 456,000 8,000 2,000 13,000 6,000 200,000 •700 < 30, 000 •%aoo 800 500 700 300 45.000 5.200 88,000 14,000 300 100 600 200 500 100 6,900 100 2,000 800 3,200 1 Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 58,000 pounds, valued at $7,200; pots and traps, 182/100 pounds, valued at $6.uuu: and lines. 54 JMO . . $2,200. • lOOboAels. « 3,700 PENNSYLVANIA. The fisheries of Pennsylvania may be grouped in three districts, including, respectively, those of Dela- ware River and Bay, those of Lake Erie, and those of the Susquehanna River. The following summary presents the chief statistics of the fiahing indostiy for Uke oitire state in 1908: Number (rf pemmB employed 1, 250 Capital: Vessela and boats, including outfit $280,000 Apparatus of capture 114, 000 Shore and acceaacHy property and caoh 87, 000 Value «rf iModncts 613, ODD Comparison with previous canvasses. — In comparing the statistics as to the products of Lake Erie for 1908 with those for previous years, allowance should be made for the results of a strike lasting seven weeks during the fall season, and 'for the effects of certain lestiictive l^islation recently enacted. In 1899 and 1890 Uu^ catdies of lake hmring, amounting to over 10,000,000 and 8,000,000 pounds, respectiTdy, made the quantity taken much larger than in succeeding years. The total catch reported for the Delaware River and Bay district in 1908 shows a marked im- provement over the downward movement which took place from 1897 to 1904. The principal data for eariier canTaases are shown in the f <41owii^ oompara- tire summaiy: TfTsr— 11 — U AMD TBAB. Total: im. 1903-4 , 1007-1800.... Delaware Btrer and Bay distriet: 1908 1904 , 1897 Snaquebanaa River district: 1008 1004 1897 Lake Erie dtotriist: 1908 1001 uao Persons em- ployed, exclu- sive of shores- 1,172 514 395 1,115 440 425 346 274 $S2 X4 Tixna OP nm r mi i t . TotaL Vessels and boats, in- dadnc $394,000 $280,000 Appara- tus o( capture. $114,000 Quantity (pounds). Value. 11,888,000 $513,000 , 372,000 1 $21,000 2t>8,000 200,000 105,000 U7,000 10,414,000 473, OUO MikflOO 1 12fi,000 73,000 135,000 116.000 63,000 110,000 9.600 10,000 25,000 1 3.987.000 1, (;:{(). 000 5,331,000 254,000 14;i,lX»J 254,000 14,000 8,100 6,000 4,300 2,800 3,000 9,800 5,300 3,000 393,000 416,000 273,000 26.000 24,000 16,000 255.000 291,000 180,000 160,000 202,0(J0 00,000 95,000 89,000 90,000 7,508.000 8,3t>8,000 14,853,000 2:53.000 305,000 276,001 PerwM employed. — ^The statistics concerning the persons employed in tibe fishniea of Penniyl^Hita in 1908 are shown in the next tabular statement. The only vessel engaged in transporting fish was employed on Lake Erie, and the data pertaining to it are included with those of the lislung vessels. Of the 13 shoresmen, 11 were connected with the vessel fisheries. Thus, including shoresmen, 491 of the total number of persons reputed www employed in c TMaL tors and independ- ent fish- ermen. Sala- ried eol- ptoy- eea. WagB- eam- en. TotaL Sala- ries. Wage*. i«l 10 67* 1198,000 K,aoo *SI»2,000 Shore and «0 7S7 U 27 m 10 , 443 233 13 177,000 19,000 3,100 6,800 170,000 19,000 3,100 A^nr&Tp River aad fcy district sao n 10 434 91,000 6,800 84,000 Vessel fisbecies... Sbore mA kMt fistMta 260 281 1 10 256 172 G 228 79,000 10,000 1,400 108,000 6,800 72,000 10,000 1,400 108,000 76 Lake Erie district VflMl fisheries >.. 214 27 26 187 34 7 17 1 97,000 8,400 1,700 800 1 97,000 8,400 1,700 800 mmn Mi boat 60 7 449 Shoresmen Susquehanna River district 1 shore and batt fisheries J 432 » ExcloslvB of 30 proprietors not fishlnp:. 'Includes provL^ions furnishpd to the value otWtJMi, ■ Includes one vessel engaged in transporting. Equipment and other capital. — The following tabular Statement gives the distribution of the total capital Imated m the fiihenM of Fnn^ylvania In 1906: CLASB or ananam. ▼Jin «v a«^Mnti» osHB TotaL Delaware River Lake Erie district. Sasque> hanna Tatal $481,000 3183,000 3284,000 $14,000 254.000 186.000 163.000 23,000 68,000 51,000 17,000 26,000 17,000 600 5.400 3.500 ' 114,000 73,000 41,000 M,MO St,039 106,000 38,000 31,000 6,900 68.000 51,000 17,000 10.000 8,300 > 148.000 148.000 132.000 16.000 Outfit Vcaaeis Oatflt 12,000 7.500 600 400 4,300 800 Row i.TOO 3.300 200 9,800 9,800 Other 3,200 Apfwatos^^qjtare Sfc—MJboatflsheriea. 9,600 3,400 6,200 30,m 95.000 70,000 25,000 24,000 gr" 300 vMwI engafed ia traosportiiig. The statistics concerning the number and tonnage of thoYaiiBloand the number of theboata an aa foUowa: VESPri': Avn boats: 1908. Delaware River and nay district. Lake Eric district. Susque- hanna River district. ^"^Hartiw.....' m\ If 4BS m « 6 272 15 m • m » 19 SI m m m Boats, BOBtbw. • 6 19 9 3U 4 SaU Row 52 201 Oth«. Tbe Tafaie of fiehmi; veoscio composed oy«r one-balf of the total inyestment. Steam vessels predominated, and steam and motor boatd also largely exceeded all other boats in value. The value of apparatus of cap- ture constituted less than a quarter of the investment. Of the value of shore and accessory property, $20,000 was credited to the shore and boat fisheries and $35,000 to tile Teasel fisiierieB. Tlie cash ea]Mtal amounted to $3,400 in the case of tiie duHre and boat fisheries and to $29,000 in the case of the vessel fisheries. The total investment in shore and boat fisheries, therefore, was $90,000 and that in vessel fisheries $391,000. In the Delaware River and Bay district fishing ▼esseb repre s en ted censideraUy more than half of the total inTestmoit, and the Talue of shore and aooesaoij property Aid the cash reported, in nearly equal pro- portions, accounted for the bulk of the remainder. The value of apparatus of capture formed only 5 per cent of the total investment. The total investment in the vessel fisheries of this district was $161,000, as compared with $23,000 in shore and boat fisheries. In the Lake Erie district 000 n,ooo 44,000 80.000 11,000 6,400 38.666 2.600 6,400 16,000 34,000 10,000 170,000 IHOOO 43.M0 Statistics conceming the products of the vessel fish- m.wmi,lHmramcmtm maratiB, with catch, as follows: Dredges, d at S176JMn; Uimb, 960,000 pounds, valoed at 147, I poonds, vataed at tV~~ » 129.000 basheb. * 148.000 bushels. ate., 1J08,000 ■ai !■ nets, Oysters were the principal species reported for the Teasel fisheries of this district and represented 78 per of the value of their catch. The remaining 22 per I of the total Tahie wm eontribiited by eight species " i pn>i» a i, all of wMdi, iritli thooaEMptkm of atar- geon, were taken with lines. Th? next tabular statement gives the statistics of the products of shore and boat fift^f^rt fw oi the Dela- ware liiver and Bay {ILstrict. tte chi^ products of the shore and boat fisheries of tiii i lMliitI nme, in point of Tahie, shad and alewires, betk fraab and aalted. The yraiae of theae two species to|!>etlier constituted 90 per cent of ^e total value of the catch. Gill nets and seines were the principal apparatus of capture used in this class of fisheries. Statistics as to the products of the vessel fisheries and the shore and boat fisheries of Lake Erie are pre- aaMltaTaUeSjOn page 231. Ftamanfcniieeto this it win be eaali tlMift in both ebMaaa of iiMee Uoe pike, bdsa baiii^, and whitefish, in tbe order named, were tbe most impottent prodnota aa ngarda both qnantity value. TMal Alewivca, AlewiTeB,ayied...... Carp, Oennao Cafflsb and bullheads. EeLs Shad Stri] ^ Am MUT BBLAVASB Bim AND BAT lOOB. Total. Qaantitj (paonds) i.on.ooo 61.5,000 148,000 12,000 7,500 4,200 281.000 7.200 s,aio 129,000 Value. Pradoot cao^tt by— Gffl Quantity (pounds). 415.000 5, :{(K) 1.100 1.000 500 300 20,000 800 300, (XK) 3.,')00 7,000 100,000 S,000 Value. SIO.OOO 3,000 200 500 6,200 no Quantity (pounds). 605.000 315.000 148.000 8.200 500 4,200 181,000 2.200 6,000 819,000 2,300 1.100 800 («) 300 13,000 crig>ts, wMi of 4,200 pounds, valued at $300. Aa abeady indicated, the Snaqaehaana Biver fish- eries were all of the shore and boat class. Products, by apparatus of capture. — The foUowillg tabular statement indicates the distribution, by appa- ratus of capture arranged in the order of tlie value of their catch, of the value of products for the different fiaheiy diatricte and for the two classes of fisheries, napectivelj. Gfll seta took piodneta vahied at 46 per cent of the total vabie, and these were the most important form of apparatus in the Lake Erie district, where tlie catch by lines and pound and trap nets con- tributed less than 7 per cent of the total value of prod- ucts. Dredges, tongs, etc., which were used only in the Delaware Biver «ad Bay district, took products having a rabie equal to 69 per cent of the total for tluB district and 34 per cent of the total for the state, hk the Susquehanna River district the largest value of products, 46 per cent of the total for the district, was reported for dip and bow nets, the use of which was confined to tliis district. TattL. VALUE or PBOOUCTS: 1908. TotaL Mawara River ■MIBa^ - S513.000 $254,000 nm nets Dredges, tOBfi, ale Lines SetaMB Pound and trap nets. . Dip and bow i ' Fish traps. AU Other.. 235,000 176.000 49,000 22,000 13,000 12,000 5,100 1,U0 13,000 170.000 47,000 18,000 300 Susque- hannn Bivar tM,000 3,000 1,600 3,400 12.000 5, 100 800 Lake £rie 1233,000 219,000 100 is. 000 DMribatadbr class of fisheries. ^'essel flsher- $433,000 210.000 17ti.(X)0 47.000 Shore and boat fisher- ies. $80,000 25,000 l.liOO 22.000 13.000 12,000 5,100 1,100 Oysters. — The yield of oysters in 1908, which repre- sented 34 per cent of the total value of products, was larger than that in any previous year. The product was entkely from Detawan Bay; all the maiket oya- ters were taken from private beds, and all the seed oysters from piiUie I FISHERIES, The following tabular statement shows tlie changes in the quantity and value of the yield since 1880: YEAR. OTSTEB PBODUCT. 1008 1,93S.000 SII.OOO l,8ti2,(X)0 927, (MK) 1,249,000 0) $170,000 104,0(10 144, (HK) 102. («K) 131.000 180,000 U04 - UK 1800 lan • Notiapoitod. Blue pike. — The catch of blue pike, which ra^ed first among the fish proper, was taken wholly on hake Erie, and contributed 41 per cent to the value of the inoduct from this district. The yidd in 1908 was larger than that in any previous year since 1890 and its value greater than that reported for any previous year. The following tabular statement presents the statistics for 1890 and succeeding canvasses: TUB. Vftfoa. 2,925.000 2,170,000 1.533,000 3,340:000 $9t;.ooo 79.000 46,000 »,ooa noi 1800 LaTce Jierring. — The lake-herring product contrib- uted 18 per cent of the value of all fishery products reported for the state and 39 per cent of 'tiiat reported for the Lake Erie district. Wiih the ezeq>tion of a fractional percentage, the entire quantity was taken by gill nets. Of the value of Ihe Lake Erie catch, 92 percent was credited to vessel fisheries. The catch of this fish has decreased rapidly in quantity since 1S99, in which year 10,742,000 pounds were taken. The following statement, which giyes the quantity and Talue r^mrted for certain earlier years, i^ws that the bii^iest value was reached in 1903: TBAB. LAKB-BBBRDrO HtOOQCT. Quantity (pooDda). Value. 3.790,000 5,750,000 10,742,000 8,01.3,000 $90,000 208.000 134.000 80,000 Sea ha88. — ^Tliia species, the value of which amounted to 9 per cent of the value of all the fishery products of the state, \\ as. like oysters, taken only in the Delaware Biver and Bay district, where it contributed^ 17 per cent of the value of the catch. The entire quantity was taken with lines in the vessel fisheries and repre- sented nearly 20 per cent of the value of the catch made vessel fi^ries of the Delaware Biver and Bay dss- tiiet. No sea-bass product waa reported in 1904, but BY STATES. 229 previous canvasses the yields were as large as, or larger than, that of 1908, although of somewhat smaller value. The changes in the catch are indicated in the following tabular statement: nAB. Quantitv (pounda). Value. RCiO. 000 m). ono 9(r.', 000 803,000 $44,000 36,000 38,(100 29,000 1X97 Shad. — ^This fish was taken in botii the Delaware Biver and Bay district and the Susquehanna Biver . (KK) 2,007,000 1,006,000 2,800.000 560,000 $38,000 52.000 04.000 110.000 131.000 28,000 1890 1880 Whitfjisli. — The value of the whitefi.sh catch formed 7 per cent of the value of the total state product and 16 per cent of that of the Lake ESrie product. The vessel fiaheries of Lake BIrie took, by means of gill nets, products valued at 92 pw cent ai the total vahie f880 Am (') 200 1,200 Quantity (pounds). 722,000 467,000 8,200 200 Value. 8»,000 3,400 800 238,000 2,200 6,500 17,000 200 400 Pound «Ml tnp Mta. Quantity (pounds). 888,000 13,000 U,000 8a»ooo 15,000 12,000 600 156,000 "12,066 7,600 500 28,000 16,666 Value. All other app vr i!n - ' Quaptity (pounds). 818,000 8,811^000 200 000 300 500 500 (») 5,800 "i,'666 1,100 500 500 400 4,000 7,900 981,800 7,500 * 906,000 « 1.082,000 Value. 800 i9;Mi ^ . l ^"* ** apparatus. «Ml«ML«iritoOT: Snte, t«n 1,988,000 poonda, Mfcl j i lrHj ■ad traps, 56,888 ■■ wiMd at ttjaig iiwSMiaA^ 8^ ^^76,000; dip nets and bow nets, 906,000 pounds, valued at 812,000 •el pota, 4,200 pounds, vahMd at 8300; and fyke and boop nets, 5,300 •148^ Tablb 2.— PENNSYLVANIA— fishery PRODUCTS OF DELAWARE RIVER AND BAY DLSTRICT: 1908. Flab: AlMlTCa,ft«ifa Alawires, salted................... Bluefish * Carp. German Catfish and I Cod, Oysters, market, from private areas. Oysten,seed, fhHn public areas...., Quantit; 615,000 148,000 7,500 12.000 7.500 50.000 14.000 4,200 4.700 11.000 8(-0.000 281.000 12,000 7.200 8,400 5,500 » 906,000 « 1,032,000 Value. «M,000 5,300 1,100 800 ! 1,000 500 800 500 300 200 300 44,000 20,000 200 800 2,600 400 134,000 42,000 Lines. Quantity (poiuids). 9BO.00O 7,500 50,000 14,000 4,700 11,000 860,000 "12,666 Value. 800 800 200 300 44.000 All other apparatus.' Quantity (pounds). 615,000 148,000 12,000 7,808 4,200 981,000 7,200 8,400 5,500 * 906,000 < 1,033,000 5,300 1,100 1,000 300 20.000 800 2,600 400 134,000 42.000 ■ Inrhides ap at |l3iX»:' and* ij •1 FISHERIiSS, BY STATES. Table 3.— PENNSYLVANLA— FISHERY PRODUCTS OF LAKE ERIE DISTRICT: 1908. Total. Carp, Gennan , Catnsh and bullheads. Drum, fresh- water Lake herring Unc,oreeqmit , Peccfa. yellow PU» and pickerel Pike perch (blue pike) , Pike perch (saueer) Pike poch (waU-eyed pike) . Stoigeoo . . , Caviar Suckers, or Trout, lake White bass Whiteflah.. Quantity (pounds). 7.508,000 88,000 11.000 33,000 3,796,000 47,000 85,000 8, 100 2,925,000 19.000 12,000 7,600 500 44,000 700 10,000 455,000 Value. 8988,000 800 600 300 90,000 200 3,400 500 96,000 800 1,000 1,100 500 700 (•) 400 37,000 Quantity (pounds). 6,770,000 400 3,533,000 44,000 64,000 7,500 2,623,000 19,000 15,000 700 423,000 Value. 8908.000 (•) 83,000 200 2,500 400 85,000 800 200 (») "34,'666" TotaL Pnduct caught by— oainets.* Quantity (pounds). 738,000 13,000 11,000 33,0n0 263,000 2,600 21.000 600 302,000 12,000 7,600 500 10,000 32.000 Value. 825,000 200 600 300 6.400 (') 900 (•) 11,000 1,000 1,100 500 Quantitv (pounds). 416,000 Value. Quantity (pounds). 813,000 889.000 900 248.000 2,600 9,200 146,666 100 400 2.600 8.880 5.000 (•) 400 '4,806' I. '). 000 II, 000 33,000 15,000 Value. 813,000 200 600 700 12.000 I 600 156,000 12,000 7,000 500 98.000 10,000 23.000 500 (•) 5,800 1.888 1,100 500 500 1.1 > All the product was caught by gill nets. * Indudes lines used for taking catfish and bullheads. ■ ham than 8100. Tabu 4.-PENNSYLyANIA-FISHEEY FRODTTCTS OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVEB DISTRICT: 1M6.* Total. Alewives, fresh Black bass Carp, Qennan Cattish Eels Pike and pickerel . Shad Suckers, or mullet . TOTAL. Qoaattty (pooadsV 393,000 S26.000 Value. 3,800 1.000 6,000 . 7,300 49,000 5,800 .312.100 7,500 200 400 500 4,700 1,200 19,000 400 PBOOUCT CAUGHT BY— UlHB.* Ano4lMrm»* ratos.* Qoaattty Value. Qnaattty (ponnds). VataM. ' 59.000 • S4.600 333,000 <22.000 3,800 4. IHK) 7,200 49,000 (•) 300 500 4,700 1,000 2,000 100 500 5,800 50,000 200 100 (•) (*) 1,200 3,000 262.000 7.500 16,000 400 i > All taken In shore and ix>at fisheries. * Includes giil nets used for taking shad (50,000 pounds, valiictl at SS.OiH) i. > Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: Dip and bow nets, jori.oixi pounds, vslued at 812,000; fish baskets and 61,000 pounds, valued at 83,400; speais and 6,000 pounds, valued at $500, and fyke and hoop nets, 5,300 pounds, valued at « " ■" BBOSB KLAMD. The general statistics for the fisheries of Rhode Island, as reported for 1908, are as fdlom: Number of pereons employed 1, 493 Capital: Vesseb and boats, including outfit.... 1647, 000 Apparatus of capture 230, 000 Show and tc em or y property and caah 027,000 FalneofpBodiieCB 1,752,000 Comparison with previous canvasses. — The following tabular statement gives comparative statistics for those years for which figures are available: TSAB. Penons em* ployed, exclusive ofshores- VALVE OF EQUIPMENT. PKODUCTS. TotaL Vessels and boats, indoding ootflt. Appara- tus of capture. Quantitv (pounds). Valoa. 1908 1902 1888. 1880. 1,404 1,708 1,425 1,340 1,284 1,602 $877,000 715,000 535,000 437,000 406,000 882,000 IIIPI $2:tn.ooo 2(t7.0«)() 169.000 151,000 110,000 86.000 44.254,000 23,896,000 21,614,000 32,854,000 127,366,000 88,080,000 $1,752,000 1.547,000 1,156,000 955,000 935,000 881.000 A comparison of the returns for 1908 with tliose for 1905 shows an iiuiiease in the value of equipment and FISH£EI£S OF THE UNTTESD STATES, 1908. m qwuilitj and value of products, and a decrease in tlw wmAet of pmam employed. Far the total uifwtuMiil in eqaqmeBt, tbe iBTwtaMnt m ap|Nur»- tiis of capture, and the Tahie of prodactSy tiM sta- tistics show gains at each canvass, as compared with the one preceding. The variations in quantity are due chiefly to the great fluctuations in the menhaden catch, which was over 112,000,000 pounds in 1889, less tiutt 1,000,000 pounds m 1902, and nearly 18,000,000 poimdsmim. His total Tahie of prodnetSyhoweyer, iilittls aJiseted by the catch of this lo«r-|irioed &h. Persons employed. — The distribution of the persons emplovetl in the fisheries of the state is shown in the tabular statement given below. Almost one-half of As total wmnhf vers employed in the shore and Total . Vessd fisheries Transportine vessels. . . Sboreand boatfisbertes msom xMPMno: ISOS. Total, 1,493 629 49 726 W Pto- prie- tonand inde- pend- ent fisher- men. > 565 132 12 121 Sala- ried em- ploy- 26 23 "3 Wage- earn- ers. 902 474 37 302 89 Total. sago. 000 225.000 24.000 98,000 43,000 Sala- ries. 3,900 Wages. >S3(B.00O 202,000 24,000 94,000 43,000 ' Exclusive of 24 proprietors not fishing. » Includes provisions furnished to the value of $34,000. Equipment and other capital. — Statistics with respect to tbe ^rtnlmtkHi of the equipment and otlier capital npettod for the firiMriss of the state are as follows: ▼«Esels. incin I and motOT. Out fit Vessel. Outfit., Barges Outfit I and motor) Steam and Sail Bow VahM. fl, 504, 000 Num- 4tV»,000 4C<0. 000 372,000 88,000 1,700 i.ino coo 2,400 50.000 41,000 9,100 133,000 110,000 3,300 18,000 1,400 230,000 111,000 119,000 m,m ITS, 080 138 119 112 5 19 Ton- 2,055 1,847 1,828 19 208 815 232 17 550 16 Of the total capital employed in the fishing indus- tiy, 43 per cent was invested in vessels and their out- fita Mid iMMite and 15 per e«nt in apparatus of capture, vidle 42 per ewt represented the Tshie of Aon and •ccessory propert}' and the amount of cash reported. Exclusive of shore and accessoiy property and cash, the investment credited to fishing and transporting vessels aggregated $626,000, of which 82 per cant rep- resented the value of the vessels and 18 per cent the vahie of apparatus of eapture. For the shore and boat fifliieries the ctnfeBponding investment was $251,000, of which 53 per cent lepxesented the tsIim of boats and 47 p« ecnt the rtiae at ajppantai d capture. The following tabular statement shows the number of the more important kinds of apparatus of captun reported: Kon>. Beam trawls... Eel and lobster ] Fyke nets GUI nets Pound and trap nets. Seines Uacdl TotaL 13 22,840 606 G30 276 n 10 GIO 46 622 93 17 Shore and boat fisheries. 3 22,230 562 8 188 41 Products, hy species. — Table 1, on page 234, gives the weight and rahie ot the &^ery producto of the state, distributed by species and by appantns ci capture. The value of the shellfish products of the state, including the squid, constituted 69 per cent of the value of all fishery products. The oyster product, as measured by value, was the most important in the state. In quantity also, if figured at gross weight, tlie.000 2.300 214,000 1,000 537.000 379.000 17,»12,000 15.000 600 2«>1, 000 4,616,000 m,m 4,900 534,000 1,200 2,427,000 u,m 498,000 r>.2oo 146,000 1,425,000 162,000 1;S •8,564,000 •21.000 » 18.000 • 1.500 ' 4.000 202,000 Value. 3,700 100 11,000 50,000 11,000 100 1,900 100 25.000 9.800 48,000 900 100 7.800 158,000 12, iw 40O 3,000 100 72,000 •.m 1&«0 it 000 100 2.900 152,000 39.000 m 967,000 1,000 200 ^ (iOO , «,600 1 ^""■■l^^&f^'^ Fykemdhocp AUottMraip*. fatOB.« Q^titv (pMudt). Value. Quantity (podBda; Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds) Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). VaiiM. Iif,40o,oeo 1388,000 jl.fiSyOW 155,000 10,648,000 340,000 593,000 321,000 241,000 35,800 11,538,000 31,242,000 48.000 28.000 700 2. .500 ^ ""'5,'666' "'566' 241.000 1, liTO 1,000 7,000 1,000 3,900 100 (») 200 100 ""'6,' 566' '"'766' ""i,666" •■(V)"-- l,ltt,000 ,514.000 3(1.000 1,050.000 61,000 1,800 204.000 1.000 lit). 000 1 7, 777, 000 42,000 14.000 2.300 27.000 1.700 100 1.900 100 5.200 4.100 22,000 983,000 28,000 4,000 100 4,000 200 1,000 34,000 100 900 113,000 496,000 8,300 u,m 7(5,000 314,000 500 2.200 7.600 (») 235,000 5,500 40,000 1 1.800 10.000 70.000 7,000 2,700 200 IH.OOO 2fiO,000 9,989,000 15,000 1.100 5.500 25,000 900 334,000 Iti.OOO 175,000 1,000 600 100 94,000 4,M^O0O 1,300 534,000 1.200 2,326,000 m,m 2.500 158,000 11,010 300 3,600 100 60,000 4>3W 172,000 5,400 13,000 1,30B M» 100 3, no 200 14,000 i,ait 500 62,000 1,400 26.000 1 900 Mt 308,000 2,500 18,000 200 272,666 4,800 9,000 (») 171,000 1,500 6,900 (*) 0,500 300 2,500 100 146,000 1,425,000 162,000 275,000 3,500 •8,564,000 < 21, 000 •18,000 •1,500 M,000 2,900 1.52. (XX) .39,000 38,000 100 9(>7,000 1,500 1,000 aoo m • 202,666 1 6,e66 j • Inehides apparatoi^ Mows: DredfM^ ^•■iPB> and rakes, 8,767,000 pounds, valued at 31,008,000; eel and loheter pots, 1,670/100 pounds, TahMd ted at 319,000; bMBi trawls, 49(>,ooo poonda, Taliwd at $14,000; and mJoor apparatus. 232,000 poonids, Taiiwd at 830,001 FISH£ia£S, BY STATES. Tabu 8.— RHODE ISLAND— FBODUCT8 OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 19Q8. 8S5 38,003,000 31,198,000 Kb: Alewives. . Blueflsh... Butterfisb. ^rtflishi land flounders... Haddock , Herring. Menhaden. Pollack.... tOTAL. Quantity (poonda). 32,000 18,000 361,000 8,000 813,000 14,000 1.179,000 322,000 46,000 438,000 Sea' Sqneteague, or weakflah Striped bass. Swordflsh... TautoK Whlti^. Crabs, hard. Lobster Clams, hard (quahauKs). Clams, soft ftvn pifp OystNB, vate areas.. Oysters, saad, from piddie areas Oi'sters, seed, from private areas saoki 17,753.000 134,000 2,908,000 96,000 1,078,000 1,400 305,000 123,000 106,000 1,800 4,000 18,000 » 1,300 « 4,800 •7.814,000 •2,800 ' 18,000 53,000 Value. 500 1.800 13,000 100 33,000 1,300 30,000 8,500 600 31,000 i,m 47,000 4.100 98.000 5.900 31,000 200 18,000 3,900 700 100 100 2,200 300 600 878,000 200 1,000 900 rWWOOf CAINHR ST— 1 Pound nets, trap nets, and weirs. Lines. Seines. Gill nets. Fyke and boop nets. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (pounds). VahMb 13,111,000 3196,000 1,227,000 335,000 10,328,000 333,000 5S7,oai 819,000 63,000 81,600 8,615.000 sei4,4» 33,000 U^OOO tsr.ooo 500 1,400 13,000 8,300 300 800 100 4,000 100 1 3,000 100 1 mJm 3,000 718,000 20,000 14,000 433,000 616,000 15,000 50,000 282,000 1.400 6,700 20,000 400 60,666 1,500 40.666 i,866 46,666 51,000 m 2,400 36,000 1,400 16,000 356,000 0,980,808 1,100 5,400 SS^flOO 334,000 16,000 7,580,000 29,000 2,908,000 89,000 1,023.000 1,400 21,000 1,000 08.000 5,200 30.000 200 m,ooo 1,000 104,000 3,100 7,300 4,600 700 200 1 48,000 i,666 1 3,666 100 306,000 18,888 102,000 106,000 3,200 700 21,000 800 800 (•) 1,000 100 4.000 100 18.000 2,200 • 1,300 ; 300 < 4.800 600 •7,814.000 •2,800 '18,000 878.000 200 1.000 53.000 »XJ ' IncludeaanMUratus, with catch, as follows: Dredges. tonRS, and rakes. 7,8:}5,000 pounds, valued at $879.i>i>1; h;irpoons and spears. :iO.'.(lOO pounds, vaload at tIMIIS beam trawk, iSfiOO pounds, valued at 312,000; eel and lobster pots, 37,000 pounds, valued at 33.600; and minor apparatus, 6, 100 pounds, valued at 3900. • — . . — •mhmMu. f 2,800 boMi 4 FISHERISS OF TH£ UNITED STATES, 1906. Taxm 8.— RHODE ISLAND— PBODUGT8 OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. Bloefisb... BaniMMls. tt: Perch, Picfcml. Shad Silver hak^«r Smelt Qmaids: Value. 10.351.000 $.554,000 256.000 22.000 2,000 7S1,000 %m 684,000 135,000 712,000 93,000 1,800 160,000 1,000 90.000 m,m 15,000 600 132,000 1,708,000 1M,000 MiMel 0;«eis, market, from private Omen, sead, from pvblic areas. PeriwinUHL,^ ScaUo pa... '18,000 •1.500 •4,000 240,000 1,900 100 »,00» 19,000 9,200 19,000 2,500 100 1,300 100 4,200 4,M0 •BO 900 100 3,800 60.000 5,900 400 3,000 100 4,600 200 13,000 2,800 150,000 39,000 37,000 100 8i,000 1,300 200 600 S,7D0 woBoct CAvmn vr— Pound nets, tni> nets,' hmI ipein* Fyke and hoop neta. OlBnete. 1 Quantity, (pounds), j Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). 1 Value. 1 Qoantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. 6,286,000 $192,000 601,000 120,000 320,000 86,900 178,000 $4,200 35,000 $1,900 2,922,000 8338,000 1 1 AO, IMW i 1 lAA 241,000 500 1,000 7,000 1,000 3,900 («) (») 300 100 1,800 aoo 0,500 700 1,000 (') 744,000 »,m 419.000 36.000 434,000 61,000 1,800 159,000 1,000 65,000 112,000 188,000 11,000 2,300 12,000 1,700 100 1,300 100 2,800 4,100 000 266,000 7,400 1.000 100 1,000 i 100 14,000 400 98,000 63,000 6,800 1,600 .26,000 32,000 900 800 175,000 4,000 10,000 (') 33,000 7,000 1,400 200 5,000 200 400 (') 15,000 900 COO 100 65,000 1,708,000 95,000 1,200 430,000 1 1,200 i,m,M8 28,000 "i7o,'66b' 1,500 60,000 5,300 200 3,000 100 »,m <») 08,000 2,300 5,600 500 500 100 1,800 200 8,900 1,688 "iiil^m 1,800 400 aoe w 14,000 1,800 ""i,*666' 400 200 ■■■■366' 22,000 1,500 ""2,'566' 800 100 """'ioo' 2,'8(')6 2,500 266 300 142,000 l,40o^h^^mlBed jj^j^^^^^y^^"**' ^^^So'fi^Mifc*' $38,000. < FISHEEIEb, BY STATES. 237 SOUTH CAROLINA. The value of the fishery products of South Carohna in 1908 was less than the value reported for any other South Atlantic state. Oysters contributed nearly half of the total yahie, while diad was the most yalu- able species of fish proper. A canning industry of considerable extent located at Charleston disposed of a large part of the oyster product, and of small quan- tities of mullet, shrimp, and clams. The following statement presents a summary of the statistics of the fishing industry for 1908: Nlimb«r of penons employed 2, 559 Oopital: Vessels and boats, including outfit $92, 000 Apparatus of capture 16, 000 Obm aiid acceaaovy pnqpeity and cMb 6,^ Value (rf pxoductB 288,000 Comparison with previous canvasses. — ^From the tabular statement given below, which presents com- parative statistics for the years for which canvasses of the South Carolina fisheries have been made, it will be leMt that tiie canvass of 1887 showed a decrease in both quantity and '^ihw of products, as conq>ared wi^ the preceding canvass, but that each subsequent canvass has shown an increase in these items. In- creases in the number of persons employed and in the capital invested in equipment, which took place between 1880 and 1890, were followed by decreases in 1897| but increases were reported in 1902 and 1908, althou^ the number ei persons employed in 1908 was lees than the number «DEiployed in 1890. 1908. 1808. 1887. UOO. PersfKis em- ployed, exclu- sive of shores- men. TALUE or EQUIPMENT. Total. 2,530 2,178 1,934 2,577 1,356 08< $10!). 000 82, UOO 80,000 83,000 88,000 n.ooo Vowto and boats, in- cluding outflt. 892,000 62,000 50,000 61,000 Appa- ratus Of capture. 116,000 19,000 31,000 22,000 1^^800 FBOOVCIS. Q umtit^ 14,104,000 8,174,000 6,280,000 4,»«&,000 4»0Sn,080 6,148,000 Vahie. 1288,000 263,000 210,000 203,000 UB,000 2U,000 > Does uot include fisheries above tidewater. * Not reported separately. Persons employed. — The following tabular statement gives statistics as to the persons employed in 1908: CLASS. tmom BmunmK 1888. Number. Wages. Proprie- tors and inde- pendent flsher- mtn. Wage- earners. 2,550 > 1,634 925 * 886,000 830 16 2,188 28 46 2 1,586 280 14 602 29 38,000 2,100 42,000 2,600 All oi the shoresmen -wen employed in shMe and boat fidw»ries» The indepraident fishenam in tiie shore and boat fishwies largely outnumbered Uiose employing wage-earners. The low average amount of wages paid indicates that a large number of the wage-earners were employed for only a part of the time. E^ipment and other eapUoH, — ^The foUowii^ tabular statement gives tiie vafaie of the equipment and the amount of othw capital employed, the number and tonnage of vessels, and the number of boats enqployed in the fisheries of the state: CLASS UF INVESTliENT. Total. Vessels, including out&t Fishing Steam and motw VcMda. Outfit SaU Vessels Outfit Tna^orting Stnm and motor VcnelL Outfit Sail Boats Steam and motor SaU. Row Other .\pparatiis of capture Vessel (Ishcries Shore and boat fisheries... Shore and accessory property. EQUIPME.NT AND OTHER CAflTAL: 1908. Valoe. SIM. 000 50,000 43,000 8,600 8.100 400 35,000 33,000 1,000 7,700 6,200 5,000 1,200 1,400 42,000 6,100 23,000 12,000 2,000 16,000 800 15,000 3,400 8,800 NoOMr. 106 loe 8 04 1,07ft 78 048 88 24 3 1,719 17 440 1,380 >KxeliialTeof«7 fcw«»u*t~< lo Tshw of ttt. All the cash capital antl shore and accessory prop- erty pertained to shore and boat fisheries. The total investment was therefore distributed as follows: In shore and boat fisheries, $63,000; in vessel fmheriee, $44,000; and in tran^rting veasds, $7,700. The investment in fishing vessels and tiieir outfte and that in boats were substantially the same. To- gether they represented nearly three-fourths of the total capital. Of the investment in apparatus of capture, only a small portion pertained to the vessel fineries, llie numbers of the more imp63,000 690,000 215,000 63,000 38,000 M^iOO $137,000 118,000 45,000 23,000 19,000 90,000 9 17 21 » 30 40 1897 1890 STiad. — Shad ranked second in importance, con- tributing 14 per cent of the value of the total yield and a third of that of the catch of fish proper. The entire product was taken in the shore and boat fisheries, and its value composed 19 per cent of the value of the total catch of such fisheries. These fisli were caught abnost entirely with gill nets. The fluc- tuations in the quantity and value of the catch for a number of years an shown in the followii^ tabular statement: SHAD TWODVCt. Quantity (pounds). Value. U08 464,000 434,000 506,000 563,000 366,000 $41,000 21,000 28,000 41,000 23,000 12,000 1890 8m hoMt. — ^The catch of sea bass was somewiutt larger in quantity than that of shad, but its value was only a little over half as great. Though second in importance among the fish proper, sea bass furnished but 8 per cent of the value of all products of the South Carolina fisheries. The value of the sea bass taken in the vessel fisheries, however, constituted 25 par cent of the total value of products and 77 per cent of the value of the fish proper reported for such fisheries. The bulk of the product was taken in the vessel fisheries with lines. The following tabular statement gives statistics of the sea-bass product for those years for which figures are available: •mat. Quutitv (poondfi). Value. 1908 491.000 710,000 632,000 82G.000 889,000 S22.000 27,000 26.000 26,000 29,000 1807 1890 18S7 Mullet. — Mullet re})resented 7 per cent of the value of the total fisher}^ product of the state. Neariy 90 per cent of the value of the catch was repwted for the shore and boat fisheries, and over two-thirds of the value represented product taken with seines. Of the total product, nearly a sixth was salted. The product for 1908 shows a large increase over that of former years, as is indicated by the following tabular state- ment: TUS. miun raoDocf . (pounds). • Vatac i9as 664.000 1.39.000 56.000 388,000 300,000 332,000 119,000 3,800 1.100 9,400 10,080 7,aot 1902 1897 1890 18m Whiting. — The catch of this species liad a value equal to 6 per cent of the value of tlie total state product. Though in quantity the catch of wliiting was less than half as great as that of mullet, in value it ranked little below the latter, as a result of the higher price paid for whiting on the maricet. This fidi was taken almost wholly in the diore and boat fishe ri e s and with lines. The whiting catch in 1908 was con- siderably less than in former years, as is mdieated by the following tabular statement: HHIUHI 1 Quantity (poanda). Value. 1908 274,000 606,000 638,000 £21,000 618,000 817,000 30.000 28,000 21,000 240 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. mmmoa caoort bt~ Cnaali. _ Quantity Valne. Quantity (poandB). Vahie. Quantity dwuEda). Vataie. Quantity Value. Quantity (pwada). Valne. Quantity (pouBda). Valne. tno.0BO 1,380.000 jEaa ASA oaa,uBu ajs mm W3,IW MiA MIA •ia imA 9IV.UUU 667,000 816,000 11,180,000 1 8151,000 7.400 11.000 20.000 85,000 100,000 4.700 40.000 3. 100 004,000 4,200 12.000 34.000 491. an) 404,000 72,000 20.000 66.000 183.000 5,000 274,000 17.000 2,200 33.000 452.000 12,000 *7S,000 « 10,331,000 > 610. 000 MOO 300 300 400 2.800 2.500 200 1,000 1 300 19,000 400 400 1.000 1 7.400 6.000 19.000 82.000 107,000 100 40,000 300 6,000 200 400 £f iw 2,400 (») 1.000 500 OW 1,000 700 (*} («) (n TOO inn Flounders 3,900 30O Btekofyatttd. 2,900 a,ooo 300 2,800 200 (?) i.eoo 4,200 12,000 33.000 100 400 400 1,000 21,000 07,000 8,800 484,000 18,000 ** Sailor's choice 700 8,100 8m bus 22.000 483.000 Shad 41,000 1.400 900 1.800 8.700 300 17,000 eoo 100 900 19.000 2.400 i^aao 8.000 (») 449,000 40,000 15,000 1,200 Shark 72,000 19,000 28.000 152,000 2,000 267,000 15,000 2,200 33.000 1,400 900 800 7,300 100 17,000 500 100 900 200 22,000 6,400 600 (») 700 300 100 300 16,000 9,400 500 0,000 3,600 (•) 300 600 100 aoo uo Spot Squet«ague 15,000 2,000 600 100 StrlpM) bass Crabs, hard Shriinp and prawn 306,000 U^OOO 34,000 1,800 300 400 111,000 10,000 •Ti^OOO 410,881,000 * 610, 000 MOO 3,700 1,900 %m iso^oo* 8,000 Ctai,lHnl Ojstm, market, from public areas Oysters, market, from inivate AUgator hides j 1 « Includes apparatni, wift ta^A, as follows: DredgCL taqa, etc, 11/>14/)00 pounds, valued at 8143,000; shrimp nets, 111,000 poonda, valued at 63,700; bow neta, poonds, valued at S1,IMC AOM^ 22,000 pounds, vataedaOIMSkiVOoaa, apears, etc., 3,900 MOHlLTtlued atS200; and minor MMMOw, 14,000 pounds, vaload it I »Uaathan»IOa < 9,500 bushels. M, 476,000 bushels. ''87,000 bushels. •2Staide8. Tabu 2.— SOUTH CABOLINA— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908. » PBOnUCT CAUGHT BY— Dredjes, tonps. etc. Lines. Seines. Qnantitv (poimda). Vahie. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (poonds). Value. 4,329,000 S68.O0O 3,820,000 646.000 435,000 819,000 74,000 0,800 3,000 40,000 50,000 12,000 6,000 6.000 4.000 2,000 2,200 13,705,000 M15,000 100 1.000 2,000 400 17,000 . 200 400. 200 100 45.000 1.100 2,000 100 40,000 1,000 80>000 8,000 ^,000 400 17,010 S,000 6,000 6,000 4,000 3,080 300 oao M ^SXmgat Whittae! YelJowtail 2,200 100 Oysters, market, from poWe anw 3,705,000 115,000 45,000 1,100 1 1 \ ilBHEBIES, BY STATES. Tabls 8.— SOUTH CAROLINA— PBODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1906. 841 Total. Fish: Blueflsh Bream . . Catfish . , Channel Croaker. Drum, salt-water. Floundm mckorysted.... IgBrt.. ftnqMno Saflor's choice. Sea bass....... ffliad Shark Sheepshead. Spot Bqueteague. Whiting. Yellowtall. Crabs, hard Shrimp and prawn. Terrapin Claiiis, hard. Oysters, market, from public "areas Oysters, market, from private "areas Alligator hides T rmaovot ckvom bt— Vahia. 9,776,000 7,400 11,000 20.000 2.5.000 83,000 83,000 4,700 8,100 80,000 4.200 34,000 106,000 464,000 72,000 20.000 (».000 178,000 6,000 270.000 16,000 33.000 452. 000 12,000 > 76, 000 « 6,626,000 •490.000 •100 8220,000 300 300 400 800 2.700 1,700 200 800 14,000 8,100 400 1,000 4,400 41.000 1.400 900 l.iJOO 8,300 800 17,000 500 900 1!).000 2,400 6,300 83,000 6,000 (*) OOlBfltS. Ltoaa. Cast nets. Seines. .Vil other apparatus. ' (poonds). Vataie. (poonds). value. Qnantlty (pounds). 1 VataM. Qoantity (poonds). VahH. Qnant^ (poonds). VakM. 566,000 843,000 053,000 841,000 404,000 819,000 493,000 813,000 7,800,000 8104,000 7,400 6,000 19.000 24.000 82.000 82,000 100 300 200 400 5,000 200 500 1 500 500 500 700 2,900 76,000 8,000 (») (') (') (*) 300 2,100 soo 700 2,700 400 500 300 (») (») (') 1.700 (*) 't CUV) { onn 200 {*) 1,600 100 07,000 8,800 350,000 84,000 8,300 3,000 4.200 33,000 103,000 400 1,000 4,200 TOO 3,100 (■*) 200 449,666 40.666 1 15,000 1,300 72,000 19.000 28.000 152,000 2,000 267.000 15.000 33,000 1,400 900 200 ('-) 22. 000 700 300 10,000 4,400 500 2,000 600 {») 100 200 too 100 <*> 800 7,300 100 17,000 500 ti,400 500 600 300 100 («) 15.(JU0 2.000 600 100 1 000 360,666 16.000 31.000 : U,000 n,ooo 4,400 MM 5,500 SlOO Carp, German 32,000 12,000 1.800 1,200 700 100 25.(100 9,000 1,000 500 11,000 tlOO 1,100 1,100 (») 100 6,700 1,000 1,300 1.800 200 700 100 100 100 100 2,800 600 1,000 300 (>) 100 5,000 100 iLJlotiMl 3,200 j 100 11 2,900 (•) 500 (>) The fisheries of Tennessee in 1908 were of the shore amA boat dass only, and wm eondncted on the Mis- ■■Bppi Bmr and its tiibirtaiy waters, ccnupriang dii^y Reelfoot Lake, Open LatESyand Hatchee River; and in the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers. In this report the fisheries of the last two rivers are considered apart from the others. A summary of the statistics for Tennessee for 1908 is given in the following tabular Number of peraons employed 4S7 $9, 400 i of capture 27, 000 i •ecfofy property and c—h 13,000 112,000 Oimpanam with previom eama$9e». — ^With the ex- Mption of th« number of petsons emfdoyed, every item of the data for the fisheries of Tennessee shows a substantial increase in 1908, as compared with prior years. The folloA^-ing tabular statement presents com- parative statistics for those years for which figures are available: TXAJL Persons Idoyed, exclusive ofdiores- Total. Boats. Appa- ratus of capture. Quantity (pounds). Value. 4B7 4M MS m,m [31, on 09,400 7,100 4,900 127,000 24.000 19,000 4,806,000 2,77S,000 2,445,000 SI 12, 000 88.000 83,000 Penon» employed. — ^The fisheries of the Mssissippi Bhrw dialrict reported 62 per eeat cf the total nomber ilpwini itiiiiiijiiilaadtitoeeoltlieQiiiibwfandand Tep neoBoe RiTers accounted for tilie remaining 38 per cent. Only 67 fiahermen, or 16 per cent of the totU number of persons engaged in the fisheries of the state, were wage-earners, the remainder being proprie- tors or independent fishermen. The following tabular statement gives the data con- cerning persons employed in the fisheries of Tennessee in IMS: Total. Proprie- tors and independ- ent fish- ermen. Wage- earn- ers. Total 427 >360 67 *S12,000 MissisBfaroi Kiver district OmSSSmAm^TmmmtmKtmB 263 164 232 128 31 36 *.m > Excluslre of tarn pnqirletors not flshinff. * Includes provisions ftniahed to tlie value orS700. Equipment and other capital. — The distribution of the investment in the fisheries of Tennessee is shown in the following tabular statement: TAKoa or aoanoBT um oma csam&L: MOO. ToM. Mississippi Cumber- land and Tennessee Rivers. S50.000 »«?,000 $7,500 Boats 9,400 2,900 6,400 27,000 13,000 flOO 7,100 2,300 4,700 23,000 12,000 500 2,300 600 1,700 4,400 800 Steam and motor WSSMEmm, BY STATES. The Mississipjn River cUstrict is credited with 85 per cent of the total investment in tiie fiah^es of the state. Hie investment in thb district induded 75 per eent oi the total investment in boats for the state, 84 per cent of that in apparatus of capture, 93 per cent of that in shore and accessory property, and the total amount of cash reported. The Mississippi River dis- trict reported 10 of the 12 steam and motor boats and 218 of the 387 boats induded under the head "Bow and other." The numbers of the more important kinds of appa- ratus of capture used, all of which, with the exception of 699 fyke and hoop nets reported for the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers, were used in the Mississippi River district, were as follows: Fyke and hoop nets 2,904 Pound nets 19 Seines « 8 50 63 28 Shrimp traps . . Spears and gigs . linuDmel nets . . Products, by species. — The distribution of the fishery products of Uie state, by spedes and by apparatus of capture, is shown in TaUe 1, on page 244. The most important products in respect to value were buffalo fish, catfish, mussel sliells, pearls, and slugs, and black bass; these products representing 62 per cent, or about five-eighths, of the total value of products for the state. Products, hy fishing grounda. — The ^oducts of tiie Mississippi Bir&t district and 'of the Tennessee and CSimib«iand Rivers are given in detail, by spedes and apparatus of capture, in Tables 2 and 3, on page 245. The following tabular statement distributes the value of products, b}^ species arranged in the order of value, for the state and for each district : Buffalo fish Catfish Black bass Drum, fresb-wster Carp, German Crappie Faddlefish All other tffiMttl ilitlli, purli. and atngs. TAUTB or rmwacm MOB. IVitaL tU2,000 97,000 22,000 20,000 13,000 9,S00 8,200 7,800 7,500 9,200 14,000 l,»l Mississippi River district. $73,000 72,000 19,000 11,000 12,000 2,000 0,600 7,600 7,100 S,600 hi Cumber- land and Tenneaaee Shren. $39,000 25.000 3,200 8,700 100 7,500 l.fiOO 200 300 3,m 14,000 The fish products proper amounted in the i^r^ate to 2,330,000 pounds, or 52 per cent of the total weight of all fishery products, and were vjiluod at S97,000, or 87 per cent of the total value. Of the total value of products reported for the Mississippi River district, the value of fish proper constituted 98 per cent; but the proportion was only 65 per cent in the case of the ftdieries of the Cumbwland and Tennessee Rivers. Practically all of the black bass, crappie, ami paddle- fish, as well as a large part of the buffalo fish, catfish, and Qerman carp, wore obtained from the MisMsmppi River district. The only fish which was more abun- dant in the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers than in the Mississippi River was the fresli-watv?r drum, the product of which, however, was loss in (juantity and value than the catfish product of the first two rivers. The mussdnshell products, including pearls and duga^ contributed 35 per cent of the value of the fiaheiy products of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers. The combined catch of the Mississippi River and its tributary waters, exclusive of the Tennessee and Cum- berland Rivers, was 1,993,000 pounds, valued at $73,000, while that of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers was 2,513,000 pounds, valued at $39,000. Hie value reported fc^ the former distrii^ formed 65 per cent of the value of all the fiaheiy products of the state. The following tabular statement gives in detail the products of the Reelfoot Lake iislieries in 1908: spxass. Total. Fish Blaelc bass Buffalo ftsli.... Crappie Faddleflsh Caviar Bream, or aonl Catnsh Carp. German. AU other FrogB FISHERY PRODUCTS OF USLTCXtTLAU: 1908. Quantity (pounds). 1, 1^,000 1,142,000 174.000 312,000 174.000 142,000 S,000 144,000 82.000 62,000 40.000 141,000 42.000 12.0(»0 7,800 7.000 5,700 600 3,S0O 2,900 1,500 1,000 Products, by apparatus of capture. — The following tabular statement shows the distribution, bv apparatus of capture, of the value of the fishery products reported for the state as a whole and for the two districts into which it is divided: Sm or AFPABATU8. • TAun or iMBoon: ma TotaL MlBissippi River district. Ciimljer- land and Tennessee Riven. TotaL w*,m t7S,O0O 0,000 45,000 32,000 14,000 8,700 7,«00 31,000 21,000 14,000 11,000 14,000 8,700 7,000 i,m The value of the catch by fyke and hoop nets rep- resented 40 per cent of the value of all the fisheiy products of Tennessee. Lines ranked next in value of catch, taking nearly all of the black bass, the larger part of the catfish, and all of the eels. Crowfoot dredges were used exdusivdy in the mussel-shell and peail industries. FLSHRRIKS OF THE UNITED ^ATES, 1908. /VineiiMl species.— Thb Tahw of the catch of buffalo irii fmed 20 per ent of tho value of all fishery piodactB. The quantity of bu£Etlo fish cau^t de- creased from S62,000 pounds in 1899 to 704,000 pounds in 1908, or 18 per cent, while the value increased from $19,000 to S22,000, or 19 per cent. Only 15 per cent of the value reported for this fish is credited to the Q Mtiwk a J and Tmewee Sfvon, mudi the larger part npramtmg tiie value of produet from the U»- sissippi River and its tributarioB. Catfish ranked second in importance, with a value but little less than that reported for buffalo fish. The catch of catfish decreased in quantity in value between 1899 and 1908. Thm Muuil diuO and peail indnstiy was earned on odj OB tiM Cteberiaad and TntMSMe Wtwrn. Altiiou^ this biandi €i tiie state's fisheries was not introduced into Tennessee until after 1899, it has developed rapidly, the product for 1908 amounting to 2,170,000 pounds, valued at SI 4, 000. Of the total value, $9,400 represented the value of the mussel shells and $4,900 that of the pearis and dugs. The catch of black bass increased from 142,000 pounds, valued at $8,700, in 1899, to 177,000 pounds, valued at $13,000, in 1908. Fteetiea% all <^ this product in 1908, 174,000 pounds, was eta^t itt Reel- foot Lake. Of the fresh-water dnim reported, 50 per cent of the total weiglit and 79 per cent of the total value were credited to the Cumberland and Temiessee Birws. lliis speciea shows a large decrease in quan- tity and a small decrease in Tafaie, the catch m 1899 being 311,000 pounds, valned al $11,000, and that in 1908 amounting to 204^000 pomcb, valued at $9,500. The German-carp product increased in quantity and value between 1899 and 1908 in Tennessee, as in most of ihe other states of the Mississippi Valley. A large quantity, refmsenting 91 per cent ci the weight and 80 per cent of the value of the German carp reported for this state, was caught in the Miasiefiippi River dis- trict. The catch of crappie has also increased in quan- tity and in value wliile that of paddlefish has decreased in quantity but increased in value since 1899. Tabu 1.— T1Q7NESSEE— FISHEBY PRODUCTS: 1908. Black bass. ....... Bream, or suoSA. Buflalol Carp, Qi Catfish. ^^vppte. .......... Drum, fresh- wBter. Eels TOTAL. Qnuttt; , yeOow Pfto Pike pcrrh (wall-eyed OtuigMii.ih CsTlar Mil 177,000 148,000 704,000 237,000 307,000 186.000 20t,000 3,100 2,800 5,000 100 2,900 11,000 69,000 13,000 PSODUCT CADOHT BY— ■tts. $112,000 [ 1,159,000 13.000 9.800 5,000 1,700 2.170,000 3,700 22.000 8.200 20.000 7,800 9,500 100 lOB 7.M 300 aoo 400 700 3,200 300 1,000 200 9,400 4,3M 132.000 356.000 149,000 105,000 164,000 143,000 Value. S45,000 Qamttty (poonds). 2,200 100 800 2,700 200 45,000 11,000 700 3,.*?00 12.000 5,300 6, 100 6,800 6,300 540,000 S32,000 100 1,000 100 (») 100 100 100 2,400 300 156,000 700 .■w.ooo 27,000 241,000 2,200 51,000 3,100 Value. Value. Qoaatttr (pounds). 2,100 8,400 6,900 11,000 (») 1.900 1.200 13,000 200 3,100 100 (») 223,000 200 300 500 aoo 700 46.000 7.2fHl 10,000 6,700 7, aoo 138,000 2,800 <8,700 2,000 1,100 (») 1,.300 200 500 300 100 5,600 100 500 275,000 9,000 7,4QO 207,000 32,000 1,600 1.000 1,100 2,000 ^pMnaadglKa. Value. 13,000 600 17.600 700 200 5,400 900 100 100 100 300 QuantitT y , (pounds). 64.000 31,000 15,000 2,700 7,100 200 2,100 6,000 S2.600 Quantity (pounds). 800 400 100 300 (») (*) 1,000 2.246.000 100 7,300 24,000 6,100 6,100 12,000 2,600 14,000 300 1,100 600 1,700 2,170,000 wtth catdi, as IbUows: CnnrlDOk dndges, etc., 2,170,000 pounds, valued at $14,000; pound nets, 74,000 pounds, Tabled at 13^400; Value. si6,on (') 100 600 aoo 200 500 eoo 4,m FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tawji 2.— TENNESSEE— fishery PRODUCTS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER DISTBICT: 1M8. 245 flnona. TOTAL. PBODUCT CAUGHT BT— Fjrke and hoop arts. Uaes. Vahw. Qftrntttj (pounds). Vdoe. Quantity (pwiuds). Value. Quantitv (pounds). Value. Quantitv (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. (ponuial rUh: i,ni,ooo • 173,000 961,000 131,000 395,000 t21,000 223,000 88,700 275,000 1 87,000 64,000 02,000 75,000 176,000 148,000 662,000 215, OfK) 263,000 184,000 102,000 2,000 190,000 5,000 100 2,600 3, aoo 21,000 13,000 5,000 1,700 12,000 3,700 10.000 (■.,C.OO 11,000 7,600 2,000 100 '« (') 100 700 400 300 1,000 aoo 9,700 132,000 3.31,000 1.37,000 02,000 163,000 79,000 700 3,300 10,000 4,. 500 2,400 6,700 1,600 157,000 500 22,000 17,000 180,000 600 12,000 2,600 11,000 (») 600 500 8,000 (») 300 100 aoo TOO 46,000 7,200 10,000 6,700 7,200 S 1..300 200 500 300 100 9,000 7,400 207.000 32,000 1,600 1,000 1,100 700 200 5,400 900 100 100 m 100 7,300 24,000 6, 100 6, 100 12,000 2,600 000 200 aoo 500 (») 31,000 15,000 2,700 800 400 100 Eels IS 100 700 100 (») 138,000 2,800 5,000 MB 2,000 m 7, MO aoo 14,000 m Pike Caviar and paddlefish eggs Suckers White iMss and nek bass. . aoo 4,400 11,000 100 100 aoo 2,600 100 2,600 1,100 500 m 200 2,100 (') (») 3(J0 1,100 000 100 13,000 000 300 (*) 5,000 1,000 U7B0 * Less than $l(i0. > Includt-s shrimp traps, with catch i.f 1,7(K; pounds, vahicd at $200. Tabus 3.— TENNESSEE— FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CUMBERLAND AND TENNESSEE RIVERS: IMS. • •OCAI. 1 VWMM7CT CAOGBT BT— 1 lykeaadboopnelB. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (poands). Vakw. lUh: 3,08,000 839,000 198,000 014,000 145,000 811,000 2,170^000 1,100 42,000 23,000 104,000 3,800 10^000 2,800 5,800 2,900 8,500 48,000 800 2,170,000 100 3, aoo 1,000 8,700 7,500 100 300 300 400 2,800 100 9,400 4, aoo 100 25,000 13,000 48,000 780 64,000 2,200 5,800 800 2,700 41,000 T) 1,900 900 a,7po wo 4,700 100 300 100 100 2,800 1,000 17,000 10,000 81,000 1.080 80,000 000 100 1,300 700 5,000 200 2,900 (•) BkftneTdiad •••••••••••• Paddlefish ."ii 2,100 5,800 000 200 200 500 UO 2,170.000 •••••••••••• 9,400 4,200 PsmIi and stags.. i TBXAS. Although Texas has an extensive coast line, its fish- ery product in 1908 was smaller than that of any other Gulf state except Alabama. The principal fishing grounds were Galveston, Corpus Christi, Aransas, and Matagorda Bays, and Sabine Lake. Oysters, red anapper, and squeteague composed two-thirda of the fishery product. The principal statistics for 1908 are summarized in the following statranent: Number of peiaoaa employed 1, 780 Veaoels and boats, incltding outfit $387, 000 Apparatus of capture 41, ooo Shore and acceeBory property and caah 26, 000 Value (rfproduetB , 446, 0(K) Comparison vnth previoma eawxmes. — ^The canvass of 1908 leveak hagb ineroMM ow 1902 and previous • tbantMQ. years in all features of the industry. Except for Uie fact that the canvass of 1897 showed a slight decieaaa in nearly every item, as compared wiUi that of 1890, the upward movement has been continuous during the years for wliich statistics are available. C!omparati¥e statistics for these 3^ears are as follows: TSAB. Persons employed, CBchnive oTsbons- ▼ALUS or CQomngrr. psoDocn. Total. 1 ' Vessels and boats, including outfit. .\ppa- ratus of capture. Quantity (pounds). Vaioa 1008 1902 18!I7 1,720 1.055 1.140 1,116 901 S428,000 212.000 152.000 155.000 126,000 8387.000 192.000 130.000 131.000 105,000 $41,000 20,000 23,000 24,0(10 21,000 10,439,000 8,044,000 7. 17."), 000 7.959,000 6,288,000 0440,000 354,000 287.000 314,000 250,000 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. /Vwwm emf itft i . — Tinb following tabular statiOMiit ^ves the distribution of the persons emplojted in the fisheries of Tmum in 1908, aiid of Hm mgM and sal- aries paid: 1 1MB« TotaL Veaael fisberies 1 BatariesandwivaB. Total. Propria ton and inde- pendent fMier- Sala- ried em- ployees. Wage- earn- CfS* TotaL Sala- ries. 1.7S0 n,063 5 712 S190.000 »7.100 7,100 2$l,S3.l)0O 64,000 110,000 9,500 »4(J7 1,313 • 163 900 5 239 418 00 ~7l7ooo" 110,000 9,500 ■BadoaiTeof two proprietor not Ashing. *bieindes proviaions furnished to the value of $41,000. 'Includes tbiwyi tn tnuispoctlBg. Of the shoresmen, 37 were employed in the vessel fisheries and the remaining 23 in the shore and boat fisheries. The total number of persons connected with the vessel fisheries, therefore, was' 444, and the total number t g m MnM with the shore and boat fish- lySMw It Happanat thai mtfaB dune and boat more than one-half of tho a a dassed as "Pro- prietors and iwdfipiw idsnt iiihmnmin" •wnro i ode ppiidMit fishermen. Equipment arid other capital. — In the following tab- ular statement statistics are given as to the equipment tmd the oliier ci^tal employed in the fisheries of Value. Number. Tonnage. IMri VcaaA 209,000 47,000 39,000 8,300 222,000 181,000 41,000 900 117,000 39,000 70,000 7,300 1,100 41,000 7,100 34,000 7,400 m « 34» 73 1,189 other 36 991 97 2C8 .■i94 32 nnts Saa Vessel fisheries Shore and boat fclieries l«f At tons engaged in transpml ing. Of the total inTestment m the Texas fisheries, the imhw of the Tariona ioBdi of eralfc, ineloding the out- fits, foimed 85 par esnt, and of thia portion over two- thirds represented the value of vessels. The value of the apparatus of capture used in the shore and boat fisheries was nearly five times as great as that of the apparatus used in the vessel fisheries. Of the invest- ■Mift m alMKe and accessoiy property, $4,000 was nportMl for tka ymmi firiima and $3,500 for the shore and boat fishtries, while praotically all the cash was reported for the TesselfislMriee. Hie total inTest- ment in the shore and boat fisheries was $155,000, and that in the vessel fisheries $299,000. Nets and seines were the most important form of apparatus. The numbers of the more important kinds of apparatus reported, all idiich, with the exception of 38 seines, were used in the shore and boat fishtries, were aa fol- lows: Caatnetfl Dip nets 69 Firearms, guns, etc 137 Fyfceaeto 486 Gill nets 2]i Mink trape 30 Seines 298 Trammel nets.. Turtle nets j Products, hy species. — Table 1 , on page 249, gives the fishery products of the state, by species and by appa- ratus of capture. A large variety of species are represented in the catch of this state, chief among iK^iidk are oysters, red snapper, squeteague, and chan- nel bass, or redfi^ These produets together con- tributed 75 per cent of the value of aU fishery produets taken in the state, oysters alone representing 38 per cent of the value. The only species in the catch d which Texas led all other states was jewfish. Products, hy class ofjisheries. — Table 2, on page 250, gives the products of the veasd fisheries, by species and by apparatus of capture, wldle Table 3, on page 250, gives similar statistics for the shore and boat fisheries. The following tabular statement gives the distribution, by species, of the total value of products for the fisheries of the state as a whole and for each class of fisheries. Only products for which a total value in exoess of $5,000 was reported are shown separately. Total Fish Red snapper Squeteague Channel bass, or ndflah. Catfish Sheepshead PiJie Drum, salUwater BoSatoflab Croaker Flounders All other ^rtg^market rammmomieat UBI. TotaL ^V«MWl Shore and boat fUNries. $446,000 $161,000 $285,000 265,000 79,000 46,000 43,000 28,000 14,000 11,000 0,300 7,400 7,000 6,600 15,000 167,000 u,m 97,000 79,000 5,400 5,300 600 2,200 700 1,200 100 800 800 1,200 02,000 I- 108,000 41,000 38,000 26,000 12,000 10,000 8,100 7,400 6,200 5,800 14,000 . 10S,000 The vessel fisheries took products which re]Hesented 36 per cent of the value and a slightly larger percent- age of the weight of the total fishery product. The red snapper ranked first in value among the products I of the vesad fiaheriee, its value foiming 49 per cent FISHERIES, BY STATES. 847 of the total value of products of this class of fisheries, while market oysters ranked second, contributing 39 per cent of the total. The shore and boat fisheries contributed 64 per cent of the total vslue of the fishery product of the state and 62 per cent of the total quantity. With the exception of red snapper, every species wluch entered into the state product was included in the catch of tliis branch of the fisheries. Oysters were the leading species, their value forming 37 per cent of the value of all shore and boat products. Squeteague, channel bass, and catfish were the leading species of fish proper reported by the shore and boat fidieries, and com- prised 36 per cent of the quantity and furnished 37 per cent of the value of the total product of tliis class of fisheries. The remainder of the product is evenly distributed. Products, hy apparatus of capture, — The dirtribution by apparatus of capture of the value of the products for the state as a whole and for each class of fisheries is shown in the following tabular statanent: XmO OF JOtAMMXaS. VALUE or rsoDUCTs: 1MN> Totol. Vessel fisheries. Shore and boat fisheries. TotaL •440,000 $161,000 t285,000 167,000 153,000 101,000 7,000 18,000 63,000 18,000 80,000 105,000 135,000 21,000 7,000 17,000 Unto. 200 Dredges, tongs, etc., were used exclusively in the oyster industiy. Hiough ranking fast with req>ect to value of catch in the state as a whole, contributing 37 per cent of the total value of products, this class of apparatus ranked second in importance for each class of fisheries, being suq^assed in the vessel fislieries by lines and in the shore and boat fisheries by seines. The products taken with seines, which represented 34 per cent of the total vidue <^ produ^ for the state, in- cluded almost every species taken. The value of squeteague and channel bass constituted over one- half of the total value of the seine catch. The vuhie of the catch by lines, whicli ranked third in importance, formed 23 per cent of the total value of the fishery products of the state. Practically all of the catch in the vessel fidieries was made by lines, dredges, tongs, etc., and seines. The value of the line catch, whidb consisted chiefly of red snapper, formed 50 per cent of the total value of products for this class of fisheries; that of the catch with dredges, tongs, etc., 39 per cent; and that of the seine catch, 1 1 per cent. In the shore and boat fisheries the value of the catch with seines r^resented 47 per cent, aiui the value of the oateh with dredges, tongs, etc., 37 per cent of the total value of the catch. Lines ranked third in this class of fi^^es, half of the catch with this form of apparatus being com- posed of catfish. Oysters. — The A-ield of market oysters aggregated 490,000 bushels, with a value of §167,000. Of the total quantity, 63 per cent was reported for the shore and boat fidieries and 37 per cent for the vessel fishoies. The bulk of the catdh was bom puUie areM, only 3,400 budiflls, valued at $1,200, bei^g from private areas. The entire product reported from private areas was credited to the shore and boat fisheries. The seed oyster product was small, 5,700 bushels, valued at $400, being taken from pubhc areas in the vessel fisheries, and 1,800 bushels, valued at $200, from pub- lic areas in the shore and boat fidierieB. Thevaloecrf the oystor {wodnct formed about the same proportion of the total value of products in the two classes ci fisheries, the percentages being 37 for the shore and boat fisheries and 39 for the vessel fisheries. The aver- age price per bushel for market 03'^sters was 34 cents. The oyster product for a series of years is shown in the fdlowing tabuUur stateniMit: omm 1 Quantity (bushels). Value. 497.000 343,000 356.000 441,000 256.000 96,000 $168,000 100,000 95,000 128,000 88,00t 47,000 1902 1897 The increase in the oyster yield accounts for a Isi^ part of the gain made by the fisheries of the state since 1902 and during previous years. The variations in the fishery products, which are shown in the tabular state- ment on page 245, conform in general to the fluctua- tions in the oyster product. Bed snapper. — ^The value of the red-aoapper catch formed nearly 30 per cent of that of all fish proper, while the weight formed 34 per cent of the total weight. This species was taken entirely with lines and wholly in the vessel fisheries. Its value formed 49 per cent of the value of the entire catch of the vessel fisheries and 81 per cent of the value of all fish proper taken in these fidiraies. Hie growth of the redr«napper fishery since 1890 has been remarkaUe. la 1902 the vafaie of the catch exceeded that of oysters, but an increase in yield has been accompanied by a decrease in value, while in the case of oysters the value increased at a higher rate than the quantity. The following tabu- lar statement gives statistics of the catch for those years for which figures are avmOaUe: TUB. SED-SNAPPIB nODUCT. tl— lIMl ValM. 2,252.000 2, OtiH, 000 465.000 4,800 75,000 $79,000 103,000 17,000 200 4,100 1902 248 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908, SUk^mUt iI b i w . — S«lt-Wttt«r drum, channel bass, or redfish, represented 12 per cent of the value of the total product, 4 per cent of the value of the vessel product, and 16 per cent of the value of the shore and boat product. Of the total quantity, 92 per cent was firamiboie and boat fisheries. Seines took 93 per cent ofth»|midwct, aadofwotwhalfof thawBMiwWwas taken with fines. Although tlw onidi of thb piodaet in 1908 was the largest ever reported, the value was the same as in 1897, as the fallowing tabular statement shows: SALT-WATEB DBUM, CHAimXL BASS, OB MMonm rBODocT. 1.309,000 1.056.000 1,144,000 i,m.ooo l.MS^OOO $52,000 43.000 52,000 48,000 38,000 8fueteaffU£, — TTie value of squeteague, or sea trout, formed 1 per cent of the value of all fishery products. Though rankuig fourth in value among the products in the vessel fisheries, the species represented only 3 per cent of the total value of products of this class of lAma. la tiw Aora aad boat fiBhesies the Table of tUi fiik fanned 14 per eent of the Table of aO products amd ranked fint among fish pfroper. Of the total squeteague catch, 90 per cent was reported for the shore and boat fisheries. Seines are credited with 92 per cent of the total quantity and lines with three- fifths of the lemainder. The cateh of this fish has been faiify mstant for the eerend yean for which statistics are available, as will appear firom the fo^ lowing tabular statement: rmtM. 8QVKTKAOUX Quantity (pounds). Value. 1908 1,05.'). 000 1.119,000 1,012,000 1,120,000 $ If), 000 50,)XX) 4t). (m 48,000 18,000 1902 1897 1890 1S87 Catfish. — The value of catfish constituted 6 per cent of the total value of the products of the Texas fisheries. This species was caught almost entirely in the shore and boat fisheries, and the Talne of the catch com- prised 9 per oeni of the Tahie of products fcnr this claas of fisheries. Something less than one-^half of the product was taken with seines, while the remainder was taken chiefly with lines. The catch of catfish shows a large increase since 1902, as will be seen from the f oUowing tabular statement : TBAB. ValM. 1908 no, 000 75,000 71,000 46,000 47,on 326,000 3,aoo 3,000 s,ut f FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tabui 1.-TSXA9-F18BSEY PBODUCTS: 1M6. 249 Total. risb: Black bass.... Bluefisb Buaalofisb.... totAL. <^iMiti47 •J. 10,430,000 1446,000 S, 856, 000 CnmM.. CMHta, Drum, salt-water (channel bass, or r«dflsh) Flounden Jc^tf fish > Mullet Paddleflsh, caviar, anipiKl- dlefish eggs Perch, yellow. Plfce Snapper, red Spanish maclserel Squeteague Strawboiy bass. Wtatttng AHoOmt Crabs, hard. Crabs, soft.. Turtles Oysters, market, from public areas , Oysters, market, from private areas , sters, seed, IhimptdiilB Oysters, seed,lhi HideB. alUcstar. 17,000 9,700 240,000 2,200 £00,000 40,000 19,000 i£e,ooo 13,000 1,309,000 140,000 46,000 20,000 33,000 1,800 2,m 305,000 18,000 90,1100 2,252,000 42,000 1,055,000 700 9,000 4,000 199.000 600 118,000 15,000 20,000 « 3,404,000 •24,000 •£2.000 '7,000 W Value. nODITCT CAUGHT BT— SabMB. Quantity (pounds). 1,200 500 7.400 100 30,000 2.800 800 7,000 noil 62,000 6,600 1,300 900 1,500 100 100 11,000 1,100 ii,oeo 70,000 3,400 46,000 100 no 4,800 200 4,400 1.600 1,000 SUB, 000 1,500 9,700 131,000 400 2SO,000 25,000 18,000 152,000 0.0M 1,215,000 106.000 H. m) 17,000 21,000 I, 100 2,000 304,000 17,000 371,000 166,000 1,200 600 18,000 96.S,000 700 6,fi00 4,400 17,000 (») 42,000 15.000 19,000 (») Value. 200 500 4. 100 (») 12,000 1,800 800 6,600 400 48.000 4,700 300 800 1,100 100 100 11,000 1,000 13,000 QoantttT (pomda). 2,712,000 1101,000 5,000 1,400 42.000 100 300 400 (») 1,600 1,400 900 32.000 1,300 219,000 2,100 300 2,700 0,000 51,000 600 37,000 700 400 200 100 15,000 2,262,000 24,000 52.000 Value. Oill nets. Quantl^ (pounds). iH,ono 400 6,300 1,100 100 u,ooo 200 (•) 200 100 2,600 (») 1,100 15.000 (») (') (') 79,000 1.800 2.700 3,300 U,O0O 100 (») 600 200 (?) 300 100 (») (') 100 3,800 3,000 33,000 2,ti00 ValMu Quantity (pounds). 07.000 400 600 'i,'?66 20O 1.300 100 Trammel nets. Cast nets. 79,600 5,000 21.000 400 17,000 13,000 600 700 11,000 700 3,000 12,000 1,400 GOO 6,300 900 28.000 200 400 100 '^ioo 100 1.400 m (») 300 300 6,500 Value '^'int'ty (pounds). 04,000 Value. Another app*. ratiia.1 87,000 33,300 600 (*) 800 900 700 (») (») 400 100 300 soo (») 100 1,800 100 « 7.100 (») 77,000 Quantity (pounds). I 3.755.000 0178,000 41,000 («) («) (•) 100 m 200 (») 2,800 1,000 (') 30,000 (') 100 164,000 SOO 400 600 •8,40M)00 •24.000 •52,000 1 7,000 m 1,100 1,4 (*) 3,1 too JOO («) 106,000 1,200 too 1,400 » Includes apparatus, with catch, as foDows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 3,468,000 pounds, valued at JlffT.OOO; dip nets, 164.000 pounds, valued at 84,000; fyke, hoop, turtle nets, 73.000 pounds, valued at $2,600; harpoons, si)ears, etc. 31,000 pounds, valtied at $1,700; firearms, 6,900 pounds, valued at 31,400; and minor appuratus, "' poimds, valued at tSOO. * Leas than tUXL * Less than 100 pooads. «486000biiilwls. •O^buiiMis. C7^biaiiata. >l«40OliidM. (dOskins. I FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. B^TEXAS-FBODUeiS OF TOSKL FISHKRIIW; 1908. TOTAL noooox CAoaa wx— BufTalofiA. Catfish Channel bass, or radSah. Croaker JDnnD, I FkmndenL. Jewfish QoaotitT (pomidt). l.SOO 14.000 68.000 16,000 t7,m 9,000 i,m 16,000 3,000 2.100 107,000 3,300 300 7,400 7,900 *,m 2.000 '1,260,000 * 40^000 Value. I MI,O0o| 100 600 5,300 800 i,ao 700 300 i iS 200 5,400 100 (>) 200 400 100 62,000 («) DradCHftoaii^ale. Haipoons, spean, etc. QnaDtity iDomids). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity Value. Quantity (pounds). ValOB. fV,000 1,300,000 m,m ns,floo US, 000 4,000 taoo 1,800 13,000 64.000 16,000 as^ioo n,m um hM 16,000 3,900 «,000 100 (flO 5,100 800 1,310 •OO <"« m 700 300 a,aoo 600 4,300 ^•^300 m m,m 0) (») 4»aMI m «^ 2,100 103,000 2,300 300 400 7,900 4,m 2,000 200 5,200 100 0) "« 300 100 3,900 200 11.260,000 *4»,000 62,000 400 («) (♦) sOkTOObotaali. « Leas than 100 powdi. 8.— TEXAS— PBODUGIS Of SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. • IftUdas. TataL. CAUOBT BT— Carp, Ge C«tiish.. Channel bass, or redfish. Ctapple Dmm, salt-wat«... Flounders Sqaeteasoe, Strawberry WhitinK.... Shrimp. Terrapin. Turtles... Oysten, market, from puUic Oysters, areas. . O vsiers, seed, from i flidca,! 17.000 9,700 239,000 2.200 546.000 860.000 40.000 19.000 143.000 13,000 345.000 123.000 17.000 19,000 33,000 2. COO 2S9.000 14.000 231.000 40,000 948.000 700 7,600 *,m 192,000 600 111.000 11.000 18,000 «2435,000 •24.000 •13.000 '6.900 1,200 500 7,400 100 26,000 38,000 2,800 800 6,200 700 8, 100 5,800 700 900 1,800 100 10,000 800 12.000 3,200 41.000 100 400 4.600 200 4.100 1..300 900 104,000 1,200 200 1.400 1,500 9,700 129,000 400 246,000 785,000 25,000 18,000 136,000 5,700 330,000 94.000 8.200 15,000 31,000 2.000 288.000 13.000 224,000 16,000 865,000 700 4,200 4,m 17.000 (') 34.000 11.000 17,000 200 500 4,100 (») 11.000 34,000 1,800 800 5,900 400 7.700 4,100 200 700 1,100 100 10,000 800 10,000 1,300 36,000 100 200 400 (') 1.200 1.100 800 HmHtltT (poanda). 416,000 121,000 5,000 32,000 1,300 218,000 43,000 2, 100 300 2,700 2,600 2,900 500 8,800 400 200 100 15,000 24,000 48.000 "'3,366' Valne. 400 1,100 100 11,000 2,200 200 % 100 100 ana net*. Quantity (pounds). 151,000 $7,000 Value. 5,200 is.ooo 'ss'ooo' 21,000 (') (') 900 1,800 2.500 3,600 100 (') 500 200 100 100 100 (=) (») 100 3,800 3,000 12,000 2,600 3,000 12,000 1.400 600 6,500 900 28,000 200 400 "eoo 'i,'766' 1,100 (>) 200 200 300 100 200 400 100 C) 300 100 1,400 Trammdneta. Quantity (pounds). 79,000 5,000 2i,o66 400 17,000 11,000 13,000 500 700 700 (») 2,500 30O 0,500 Value. $4,000 400 600 («) 800 700 900 Caitneta. Quantity (pounds). 87,000 (') (') (») 200 m 400 100 300 '566 100 1,800 100 (») 7. 100 (') 77,000 Value. 13,200 2,442,000 (') "(»y (») All other api>a* ratus.i Quantity (pounds). Sllf,0IO 41,000 "m'ooo (») 1,000 '26,'666' 100 (») (') 200 (') 2,800 200 (') 100 164,000 500 400 600 42435,000 •24.000 • 13,000 '6,000 Vakw. 1,100 8,900 100 300 (») 104,000 1,200 200 1,400 « Includes apparatus, with catch, as follows: octa, 73,000 pounds, valued at 82,600; harpoons. tongs, etc., 2,160,000 pounds, valued at 3105,000; dtp Mia, 164,000 pounds, valued at 34,000: fyke, hoop, and turtle - , 26/100 pounds. Tabled at 31,500; fireanns, 6,900 poands, valued at 31,400; and minor apparatus, 13/)00 pooods. •1 •3,400 bariwh. ■30 •Um. FIgfi£EI£S» BY STATES. 251 TXRCONIA. In the total value of fishery products Virginia had second place in 1908 among the states in which com- mercial fisheries were carried on, and in the value of its idiad, menhaden, alewife, croaker, caviar, sturgeon, canh, and hud- dam products it ranked first. The taking of oysters was the most important branch of the fishing industry of the state, the product being valued at $2,348,000. The shad and menhaden products ranked next in importance, each being valued at between four and five hundred thousand dollars, while danw and crabs fdlowed in rank, the product of each having a value in excess of $300,000. Though fish- eries are conducted at nearly every available point along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to the Maryland line, the most important fisheries of the state are in the waters of Chesapeake Bay and its tribu- taries. This latter district covers an extensive area, oonq>risiiig not onfy the waters of Chesapeake Bay, but •bo Tangier and Pocomoke Sounds and tiie tidal waters of the Potomac, Wioomioo, ILaippaiuamodiii, York, and James Rivers. The following statement gives a general summary of the statistics of the industry in Virginia in 1908: Number of persoua employed... 20, 066 YeflBsls and boats, mcla£i« ontaSt $2, 065, 000 Apparatus of capture 485, 000 Shore and accessory property and cash 434, 000 YahieofFiwiiicts 4,716,000 Ckmpariton toUk previoui eanoastea, — Comparative statistics for yean for wMch figures are avaihiUe are given in the next tabular stotement. In the total value of equipment and in the quantity of products increases are shown at each canvass from 1891 to 1904. The value of the product in 1904 was 76 per cent greater than that in 1897. The figures for 1908, however, show a decrease in every item as com- pared with the ^ons tor the preceding canvass. In 1908 there wwe 3,298 few«r p«raons enqrfoyed, exclu- sive of shoresmwi, than in 1904, a decrease of 14 per cent. The decline in tlie total value of equipment was $95,000, or only 4 per cent. Tlie value reported for fishing and transporting vessels, including outfits, decreased fit>m $1,502,000 in 1904 to $1,332,000 in 1908, bat as the value of boats incnased daring the same years from $591,000 in 1904 to $733,000 in 1908, the total amount of capital represented by ves- sels, including outfits and boat.s, changed very little, namely, from $2,093,000 in 1904 to $2,065,000 in 1908, The increase in the number of motor boats has been marked, 1,066 power boats being reported in 1906, as cared with only 38 in 1904. The value <^ ^>panir tus of capture decreased $67,000, or 12 per omt, iidule the products showed a decrease from 1904 to 1908 of 16 per cent in value and 12 par coit in quantity. TBAS. I'ersons em- ployed, exhume TAIOT or ■QUIPIUUIT. nooocts. Vessels and Ixiats, including outat. Appara- tus of capture. Qmntitr (pMWk). VHm. 1908 19,905 23,203 ; 24,252 20,311) 16,051 32,550,000 2,645,000 1.859,000 l,7ta.000 1,424,000 1 $2,065,000 2,093,000 ' 1.408,000 1,40:5,000 1 >864,000 3485,000 552.000 451.000 3(;i.ooo ' * 561,000 j 312,515,000 355,316,000 277,994.000 18:1.904.000 158,875,000 M,716,0n 5,584,000 3.179,000 3,(>4»<,000 3,124,000 1904 1S97 1S91 1880 Persons employed. — ^In 1908 the fisheribes of Yiiginia gave employment to 20,066 pereons. The munber <^ persons employed has gradual^ dedined mnce 1897, when it was larger than in any othw year {at which statistics are available. The following table presents statistics relating to persons employed in 1908: OOmCT AMD CU8B. FESsoNs employed: 1908. Number. TataL Proprietors ' and inde- pendent iisliermen. Biwpioy— . TotaL SalariM. 20,066 20 9,m tl,SU»000 1 t21,000 *n.2Oi,oo0 3,188 1,133 15,584 161 m 348 9,342 15 3 11 2,534 787 6,231 161 455,000 130,000 700,000 32,000 13,000 1,000 0,400 442.000 128.000 093,000 32.000 17,416 8,913 24 8,470 1,140^000 17,000 1,U2.OO0 2,970 078 13,314 154 2,000 487 294 8,132 15 3 6 2,468 681 5,176 154 1,94 1 449,000 113,000 557,000 n.m 167,000 13,000 l.(i00 3,000 43('..000 111,000 654,000 31.010 U0,OO0 1,411 5 2,500 218 155 2,270 7 152 40 1,210 66 lor. 1,065 5.600 17,000 143,000 i,m 1 0,000 V,0I0 8,566' Total. Vessel fisheries TraosiMrting vessels Sbora and boat fisheries. Chtnpeake Bay dltMcft..... Vessel fisheries Transporting vessels . . . . Shore and boat fistieries. ▲ttantic Ocean disMet. Vessel fisheries Transporting vessels. . . . Shore and boat fisheries. ' Badtatv* g(277 p nftM m not flahlag. of $145,0001 '852 FISHERIES OF TliE UNITED STATES, 1908. Of the total number of persons employed, 78 par cent were oniracred in the shore and boat fiaboies and 22 per cent in the vessel fisheries and on transporting vessels. In the vessel fisheries about SO per cent, and in the shore and boat fisheries about 40 per cent, of tlie employed wtn wage-eanMn, the proportion thaa in most other aUtea. About 87 per cent of all persons reported were eomected with the fisheries of the C hesapeake Bay district, while the remaining: 13 per cent were engaged in the fisheries along the Atlan- tic coast. Ejtnpmeia md tOur eofiktL—Thb fdbwing tabular itatnaiinl gives the -nine of eqnipoMnt and the amount of other capital inveotad in lor the alate and lor each distiiet: TMaL. inrludin; outfit.., Fishing , Steam and motor.. V« TALtm or cahcal: 1M8. TataL Chesapeake Atlantic Bay Oceiin district. district. ll,a»},ooo Ya Outfit Tnosporting Steam and motor.. VaiMb Ootat Ve Ootftt. land motor.. Row. Other Apparatus of captiue. Vessel fisheries Shore and boat fisheries . . I and accessory property. 1,332.000 9^,000 761,000 653,000 109.000 223.000 192,000 31.000 347,000 119.000 107.000 12,000 328,000 203,000 25.000 733.000 331.000 27G. 000 112.000 14,000 485,000 56,000 428,000 301,000 13, 081, 000 1,247,000 963,000 753,000 M4.000 109,000 200,000 172,000 28,000 294,000 95,000 85,000 10,000 199,000 177,000 22,000 632,000 2m,m 2C4.000 101,000 1,300 433,000 56,000 378,000 aes,ooo 111,000 3302,000 85.000 31.000 8.500 8.300 200 23,000 19,000 3,500 53,000 25,000 23,000 2,000 29,000 26,000 2,500 101.000 05,000 12,000 11.000 13.000 51,000 600 51,000 39,000 26,000 Al)out 00 per cent of the total investment is credited to the Chesapeake Bay district. The investment in Teasels, incfaiding outfits and boats, represented 69 per ecBft, tliat in apparatus of capture 16 per cent, aad tibat in aiioie and aeeeaaray property, together with the cash capital reported^ 15 per emA, of the total investment for the state. By f ar tlie larj^er number of fisliing and transport- infr vessels were sailing craft, and were employed in the Chesapeake Bay district. Only 120 vessels out of the totel of Me wen engaged in fishing and trans- porting, awl only 1,984 boi^ out of the total of 10,942 were etmneeted with the fisheries of the Atlantic Ocean district. The other vessels and boats, number- ing 826 and 8,958, respectively, were employed in the fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and its tributary waters. While sailing vessels greatly outnumbered steam and motor Temeka in the Cheaapeake Bay district, the latter dam of emit had a niat more than twiee that <^ the former and a tonnage almoet bdf as great. In the Atlantic Ooean district, howey^, the saihi^ ▼easels r^resented a greater yalue than the steam and motor Teasels, and their total tonnage was more than seven times that of the steam and motor vessels. The following tabular statement gives detailed sta- tistics concerning the number and toimage of Trmtilfl and the number of boats: CLASS OF CRAn. Vesseb: Fishing- Number Tonnage Steam and r;otor — Ninnbcr Tonnage Sail— Nnmber. Toimage , Transporting— Number Tonnage , Steam and motor — Nmnber Tonnage SaU— Number Tonnage (Dumber I and motor Sail Row Otjwr AMD boats: 190S. TMal. 522 7,520 96 3,559 426 3,961 424 8,454 92 857 4,597 10,942 l,0(i{i 3, (ill 5,330 935 iCbesapeake Bay district. 459 6,984 93 3,517 366 3,407 367 4,808 77 756 290 4,052 8,958 848 3,409 4,630 71 Atlantic Ocean district. «s- 536 3 42 60 87 m 15 101 42 545 1,984 218 202 700 The apparatus of capture reported for the shore and boat fisheries of Virginia largely exceeded in value that reported for the vessel fisheries, the investment in the ianaear ease bdng $428,000 and in the latter $56,000. The capital represented by tloB foim Less than fioa The cfMnbined catch of the fisheries of Chesapeake Bay and its tributary waters was 301,596,000 pounds, valued at $4,046,000, or 97 per cent of the quantity and 86 per cent of the value of the fishery products of the state. The catch of fi^^h proper reported for tliis district furnished 36 i)er cent of the total vahie for the district, and the yield of oysters, tlie most valuable product, 50 per cent. Next to oysters the shad catch had the laigest value, idiile the menhaden, crab, dam, and herring products also eoiilabuted laigely to the total value. The catch of the Atlantic Ocean district, which weighed 10,918,000 pounds and was valued at §670,000, represented only 3 per cent of the total quantity and 14 per cent of the total value of all fidieiy i»odoets of the state. Of the total value of products reported for this district, oysters contributed 50 per cent and clams 24 per cent. Of fish proper, which furnished 26 per cent of the value returned for the district, the principal species taken were sque- teague, croaker, and sturgeon. Spanish mackerel ranked next, with a value of $16,000, which consti- tuted 64 per cent of the value of aU Spanish mackerel taken in the waten of the state. Products, by dau ofJUiheries. — The products of the vessel fisheries are given in detail, by species and by apparatus of capture, in Table 4, on ])age 258, and the products of the shore and boat fisheries arc similarly shown in Table 7, on page 260. As already* indicated, the table above diows tiie distribulion, by spedes arranged in CMRier of value, <^ the total value of products reported for the state and for each daas of fisheries. The catch of the vessel fisheries aggregated 207,070,000 pounds, valued at $1,009,000, or 66 per cent of the total quantity of fishery products taken in the state"and 21 per cent of their UM vdue. Oystem, menhaden, and crabs fuinished the laigest valuee. Of the different species of fish proper reported, men- haden represented 90 per cento! the quantity caiight in the vessel fislieries. The combined catch of the shore and boat fisheries of the state aggregated 105,444,000 pounds, having a value of $3,707,000, or 34 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, {A the total quantity and value of aD the fishery products of the state. Oysters, shad, and clams were the three most important products LcH than 1 per MBt. Li both dasses of fisheries of the CShesapeake Bay district, oysters contributed the largest value, though nine-tenihs of the weicjht of the product taken in the vessel fisheries consisted of menhaden. More than 90 per cent of the shad product of Virginia was caught in the ahoie and boat fidiHiea ui Chesapeake Bay and ha tributaries. The only products of tiw Tassel fiaheries of the Atiantic Ocean district were njnliiia, daas^ blne&sh, sea bass, squeteague, and scup. Products, by apparatus of capture. — The following tabular statement distributes, by apparatus of capture ananged in Ihs oidn> 'm6 16,000 84,000 11,000 11,000 186,205,000 2,200 37,000 107,000 40,000 11,000 341,000 4,900 19,000 6,300 103,000 14,000 13,000 {•) 400 700 "366 17,000 15,000 208,000 200 44,000 288,000 141,000 1,100 20,000 6,200 3,400 1,400 5,700 7,000 "2,*i66 aoo" 600 2, 100 1,600 500 419,000 900 1,300 6,300 1,800 900 800 900 15,000 3,489,000 1205,000 15,106,000 5190,000 1,105,000 (») 29,000 16,000 12,000 5»;,000 '6i,666 2. SOO Wi,000 Value. Qnantttv (pounds). Value. 9,200 (») 1,500 300 500 2,700 i.'soo 100 1,600 148,000 82,000 200 1,000 55,000 500 4,200 15,000 13,000 300 1,100 (») 1,597,000 45,000 5,600 61,000 62,000 138,000 »6 600 5,100 5,400 127,000 4,500 500 2,700 5,900 2,700 100,000 47,000 366,000 15,000 5,aoo 11,000 "52,666 7.200 13,000 16,000 400 2,000 48,000 200 4,700 1,900 8,800 600 400 '2,"666 400 soo 1,000 100 100 2,000 36,000 •••(ij- (•) 400 "62," 666 268,000 33,000 500 14,0«,000 2,300 '3,566 11,000 3,500 («) 148,000 100 6,000 200 ryte and hoop nets. Quantity (pounds), 1,279,000 147,000 153,000 5,700 5,200 4,500 l(i,000 240,000 111,000 3,300 5,000 5,300 2,500 7,000 3,000 85,000 32,000 300 200 1,200 Value. 3,100 500 100 100 (;oo 8,800 2,900 ^'io 300 100 AH other qppaiataB.' Quantity (pounds). 48,447,000 52,91^,000 1,000 Vataa. 200 35,000 11,000 2,700 411,060 107,000 300 10,000 2,500 3,100 16,000 100 5,000 1,600 (2) 100 3,200 1,200 100 7,600 10,000 500 100 100 48,000 5,800 100 100 200 3,000 8,79»;,000 2,080,000 400 •1,019,000 »9, 581, 000 •16,124,000 '9,252,000 '568,000 •19,000 >*300 100 1^109 300 700 90,000 86,000 no^ooo 940,000 1,322,000 357,000 24,000 2,400 400 > Includes apparatus, with catdi, m SdUows: ■ds, valued at S2,ir~ ~ * LcH tban $100. a~ tongs, etc., 45,954,000 . and minor apparatus, Ij9i7, *1,3W,006 burets. Talaed at f2,7Sl,000: flip nets, 828ti009 poonds, valued at f29,000: •paonds, \a\wM at S97,000. •2,300 gallons. >»Mi9r^ FISHEEl£S, BY STATJBS. TAua 2.— VIBGINIA— FISHERY PBOOUCTS OF CHESAPEAKE BAY DISTRICT: IMS. 857 Sn, 596, 000 Ibh: Alewives.. Black bass Blueflsb... Butterfish. Oaip, Catfish Ore valid , Craalter.... DnaD,aidt>water noaBdan Hickory shad.. Ilogflsh. Minnows Moonflsh Mullet Perch, white Perch, yellow... Pike and pickerel Ponipaiio... . . . Sheepshead Spanish mackerel Spot. Squeteague Striped Sturgeon Caviar and stur- geon eggs Suckers Ail other Frogs Crabs, tiaid. Crabs, soft... Turtles Oysters, market, Irom public areas.. Oysters, market, from private areas Oysters, seed, Irora public areas Oysters, seed, from private areas Snns-mlnk, musk- nt,aBd TOTAL. iBODOcc CAmm bt— Qaantity (pomids). 94,046,000 149,789,000 37,713,000 14,000 204,000 600,000 641,000 80,000 3,437,000 31,000 84,000 88,000 233,000 109,000 ._ 24,000 M9,mS«99 2,200 10,000 181,000 392,000 101,000 3.800 19,000 44,000 43,000 7,907,000 1.900 99,000 154,000 3,557,000 502,000 85,000 8.900 10,000 12,000 3,000 23,001,000 2,082,000 24,000 « 1,119,999 '8,723,000 '7,359,900 •568,000 •300 Value. Quantity [(pounds), 168,000 1,100 11,000 17,000 i,9M 28,000 1,800 84,000 600 4,100 3,000 6,200 11,000 1,190 32,758,000 400 56,000 560,000 33,000 234,000 80,000 2,897,000 31,000 25,000 78,000 81,000 46,000 13,000 9,944,999 900 400 6,400 24,000 4,800 300 3,000 2,500 1,700 481,000 200 9,100 12,000 100.000 46,000 9,400 11,000 500 SOO 700 239,000 87,000 500 217,009 501,000 1,198,990 399,909 24,000 400 1782,000 136,000 (') 3,700 15,000 1,300 11,000 1,800 70,000 600 1,400 2,500 2,500 6,800 599 19,999 10,000 36,000 133,000 45,000 600 18,000 41,000 5,435,000 1.500 88,000 48,000 2,809,000 158,000 54,000 5, 100 7,'666 140,000 "i8,'666 Value. 400 1,300 7.900 2,100 (') 2,800 2,300 337,000 100 J, 900 4,300 75,000 14,000 6,300 5,900 400 700 '966' Seines. Quantity (pounds). 191,100,000 3,722,000 7,000 20,000 20,000 146,000 71,000 199, 19,000 '"6,"666 2,500 84,000 11,000 9,900 2,200 24,000 78,000 24,000 3,000 2,000 203,000 200 42,000 212,000 141,000 1,000 100 600 Value. 20,000 600 1,800 1,400 9,909 4,300 2,100 266 100 2,100 1,600 390 419,000 900 Lines. Quantity (poands). 2,700 94,000 47,000 292,000 100 5,200 900 4,800 1,100 300 200 'ii'ooo (') 4,100 12.000 13,000 100 200 ■■■(')" 52,000 13,000 16,000 400 *43,'666 400 56,000 125,000 33,000 500 14,049,000 2,300 6,000 Value. Gill nets. Quantity (pounds). Fjrkaandlioop nets. 200 4,200 1,900 7,300 CO 300 2,600 500 1,000 100 '{.'too n 3,400 3.600 3,500 (») 148,000 100 200 1.105,000 (») 29.000 16,000 U,909 56,000 60,000 2,800 66,000 99,000 82,000 200 1,000 1.597,000 5,600 56,000 62,000 30,000 3,700 9,200 (») 1,500 300 2,700 "i.'soo 100 1,600 7,t 3,300 5,400 200 127,000 500 2,600 5,909 3,000 4.600 900 0) 127,000 3,700 5,200 4,500 13,999 234,000 111,000 '5.066 5,300 2,500 3.000 83.000 31.000 100 200 1,000 32,000 11,000 2,700 355,000 107,000 300 10,000 3,100 16,000 Value. .Ml other apparatus.' Quantit; (pooDdaj 1.000 .41.42,5.000 $2,41.3,000 2,400 300 100 100 8,000 1,000 ,900 '2ij6' 44,000 300 100 309 100 4.900 1**0 (•■) (») 2.900 1,200 100 6,800 10,000 (») 500 100 200 5,800 100 100 3,000 8.796,000 2,060,000 •8.723,000 17jtt3jlW9 591,000 1.199,999 > Indodes Mvpantus, ' poimds, vahiea at ttfiOO; ,83 follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 40,527,000 pounds, valued at $2,379,000; dip nets, 828,000 pounds, valued at ^t, and otter ^^^^^^^'^^'^ minor apparatus, 26^ pounds, valued at 32,100. •l;246/)00 • 1,833,000 bostaels. •SlJNWbadMb. •ignOiUm. -17 FISHERI£S OF THE UNIT£D STAT£S, 190& t.— TIBimilik-^mmEBT TBamSCTB OF ATLANTIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1106. Black Bloefisk.. nODCCT CACGHT BT— Vaioe. 9870,000 Ooakcr. Dram, Eels Floondm sh. Monet. PaRfa, wiiite.. Scup.... Sea baas. Spanish Sqnetea Stt^ Caviar 1 Sunfish AD otber^ Tmapin Clams, bard Ojstcn, markat. from public Oysters, seetL Sealkifis 172,000 58,000 38,000 %s 97,000 , 1,402,000 48,000 3.300 100,000 I 70,000 I 83,000 54,000 17,999 9,919 22.000 21,000 48,000 80,000 177,000 38.000 934,000 2,000 1 96,000 I 13,000 58,000 41,000 400 > 856, 000 < 858,000 » 3, 291, 000 •1,994,000 '19,000 3,200 5,800 3,000 i^m 2,900 35,000 900 100 4,300 3.800 3,000 2,900 m 900 1,300 4,600 4,800 16.000 2.200 39,000 200 13,000 17,000 1,200 200 400 163,000 54,000 220,000 58.009 2,409 Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantitv (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Vftlu6. Quantity (pounds). 2, 791.000 $101,000 524,000 923,000 370,000 911,000 HM,000 99,000 7,9M,000 909^000 131,000 2,300 14,000 56,000 90,000 200 5,600 1,600 26,000 2,000 600 200 12,000 125,000 900 ^«I0 6,000 500 99,000 91,000 3,700 3,700 *,m 0^999 199 900 " "i.soo' 000 i,m 1,327,000 30,000 99,000 909 74,000 U,000 3,900 W 3,300 100 3,489 3,200 800 1,400 14,000 5.000 13.000 29,000 16,000 8,300 15,000 15,000 5,000 500 200 400 1,500 ooo 600 600 900 400 11,000 7,200 200 200 400 400 (') (•) 49,000 1,900 2, 100 1,000 200 M 100 8 n 4,999 900 2,000 0^000 100 400 40,000 80,000 132.000 30,000 654.000 2,000 5,500 500 4,000 4,800 11,000 2,000 28,000 200 600 500 9,000 900 45,000 4,a80 1,500 76,000 ^,^300 6,000 143,000 100 7,300 98^900 900 9,000 90O 93,000 12,000 12,000 16,000 56,000 1,100 2,500 100 «^oao » 400 •999^999 •858,000 •3,201,000 •1,994,000 '19,000 400 109,000 9«;ooo 220,000 58,000 2,400 > Indndes apparatoL 'alS100:and ' •iMttetm. catch, as follows: tus, 1,591,000 • 107,000 bosbeb. , etc . 5.428,000 pounds, valued at $403,000; gill at syo.ooo. • 123,000 bushels. ' 470,000 bushels. Tilmd at 909,099; art poto, 9^ •285,000 Tabu 4.— VIBGINIA— PEODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES: 1908 Alewives. Bluefisb.. Eeb Hogfish... Ifenhaden. Mallet Perch, Perch, Sea fflsad Spot. Ckvisr and stuipMm e^ss. other ^^^,tMMrd ClaiBs, hard Oysters, market, from public ai Oyster?, market, from private Oyi>sn,«ad,teompoDlle Seines. Quantity (pounds). 6,358,000 37,000 7.500 6,000 32,000 93,000 8,300 900 186,205,000 9,909 8,300 9,000 17,000 6.3.000 588,000 3.000 58,000 38,000 100 500 6,722,000 115,000 •43,000 •1,901,000 •^006, 000 * I 919 009 Value. Quantity (pounds). 22,000 2,900 300 300 soo 1,800 400 100 419,000 300 400 400 700 2,900 34,000 300 2,000 2,300 100 (») 70,000 3,600 6,000 113,000 271,000 51,000 25,000 6.000 9,000 5,000 106,31^000 7,000 9,000 16,000 19,099 38,000 24,000 Value. 2,000 300 400 200 '4t9^'ne 400 400 600 000 1,500 2,000 Pound and tiap nets. Quantity (pounds). 7,1 6,358,000 100 7,500 '"'is.'ooo' 53,000 Value. 1,900 580.000 1,500 2,000 100 500 22,000 W 300 "'466 1,000 34,000 Tfinw. Quantity (pounds). Value. 1^400 12,000 800 40,000 3.O0O 49,909 100 200 100 3,000 18,000 600 800 'in' (*) 100 300 500 100 196,000 400 1,700 (•) All otber appaiBtm.' Quantity (pounds). 19,971,099 3,300 9^000 *i'09O' Vtlm. m7,m 300 400 6,526,000 114,000 442,000 •1,661,000 •9,500.000 68,000 3,600 6,000 119.000 371,000 •as I apparatoi^ wMk eatdi, aa tnn^«t&, 13471,000 pounds, Tainsd at 9511,000; gill nets, 9,500 pounds, valued at S500; eel pots, 3,300 pounds FISHERIES, BY STATES. 259 Table 6.— VIRGINIA— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES OF CHESAPEAKE BAY DISTRICT: UOB. Total. IWi: Alewives Blueflsh Butterflsh Ca^^erman. Hogfish.... Menhaden. MuUet..... wtu. Quantitv (pounds). Perch, white. Perch,; ~ Seabt Bbad. Squeteague, or sea trout. Striped bass Crabs, hard............... Crabs, soft Clams, hard Oysters, market, from public areas. Oysters, market, from private i Oystera, seed, from puuic anas. . OTstan, aaadt from privau anas. 909,197,000 6,356,000 11,000 7,500 6,000 39,090 98,000 8,300 900 186,205.000 3,000 8,300 9,000 42,000 27,000 28,000 40O 300 6,722.000 115,000 < 30,000 •1,653,000 •3,451,000 '1,041,000 • 105,000 Value. 9985,000 22,000 800 300 300 1,800 400 100 419,000 200 400 400 1,700 36,000 1,100 2,300 100 (*) 70,000 3,600 3.800 112,000 263,000 43,000 4,000 nOOTOT CAUGHT BT— Seines. Pound and trap nets. Lines. All oOsr apftntos.' 1 Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pooBds). Value. 186.286.000 9424,000 7,016,000 958,000 301,000 95,300 12.933,000 •109,000 6,358,000 100 7,000 22,000 •*» 5,000 400 «,oeo 400 6,000 9.000 300 400 19,000 53,000 1,000 40,000 800 5,000 200 3,300 200 900 uo 186,205,000 3,000 7,000 9,000 419,000 200 400 400 1,300 100 (») (') 43,000 1,700 590,000 96,000 9,000 400 9,'odo 12,000 500 999 300 100 13,000 24,000 700 2,000 1,500 2,000 400 900 100 200 100 (') 1.000 100 199,000 1,700 (») 6,526,000 114.000 * .iO.OOU • 1,653,000 •3,451.000 » 1,041.000 « 105. (UK) 68,000 3, tiOO 3, .SCO 112,000 263,000 43,000 4,000 ■*■•■■•••«•■•• .iJ?*l'^2Si?W¥^ »s foUows: Dredges, tsadgat,toB9,«lo. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (poaBds). Value. Quantity (pamds). VabiB. Quantity (poods). Value. Quantity (pooBdi). 534,000 924,000 258,000 914,000 75,000 $3,800 20,000 61,100 181,000 I 95,200 2fi,000 17,000 21,000 91,000 « 12,000 •8,800 •146,000 « 272, 000 2,100 700 1,300 900 2,200 500 8.200 8,300 20,000 15,0(K) 15,000 35,000 1,600 600 900 6,000 2,000 6,000 6,000 500 100 400 200 •*•■■>■>••>•--•-■.......«■■■«»««««. ^^^^ l^BC«0 Clams, hard Oysters, market, from public areas ' 12,000 »8,800 •146,000 •2,000 2,200 500 8,200 3,100 Oysters, mnrket, frrao^vate areas 181,000 9,300 « 30,000 bustiels. WWSEBtIE» W TBB UNITED STATES, 1906. Tablb 7.— VIRGINIA— products OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES: 1908. Flounden Hickory shad. Hogfish Kinefish Menhaden. . . . Minnows Moonfish Mullet , wlitte. Storjieon Caviar and star* ftoneggs Backers Sunfisli . AU Froes Cnbs. hard. Cnim,watt.. Clams, hard Oystefs, market, from pablie areas , narket, from Oysters, seed, from priyato Quantity (pounds). Value. 31.526,000 71,000 305,000 718,000 280,000 716,000 80,000 4,745,000 78,000 79,000 188,000 233,000 108,000 s,aM,ooo 2,200 10,000 261,000 438,000 100,000 12,000 20,000 48,000 6,726,000 82,000 276,000 189,000 4,433,000 476,000 183,000 22,000 10,000 58,000 12,000 3,000 16.279,000 1,967,000 flOO 24,000 4 1,927,000 •7,930,000 • 12,828,000 '7,989,000 •463,000 * 19,000 149,000 6,900 11,000 21,000 7,700 31,000 1,800 117,000 1,500 3,800 7,300 6,200 11,000 4,800 10,000 900 400 9,200 26,000 5,100 1,000 3,100 2,800 452,000 5,000 25,000 14,000 137,000 44,000 22,000 27,000 500 1,200 500 700 500 80O 374,000 532,000 1,050,000 306,000 20,000 2,400 Pound and tny aitto. Quantity (pounds'. Va UP. Ouantitv ^af^ 3,700 l,90l> 11 000 1^800 69 000 '600 1 4nn A, 2,500 6 snn u, a^AJ 500 10,000 ""'2,' 766" fio nnn 00, UUU 266" OjOUU 1,105,000 i»!ooo 19,000 M AAA 13, uuu ■n MM 9,200 (•) 1,600 100 AAA an ) 3,000 2,270,000 1,965,000 700 22,000 83,000 140,000 TOO 13,853,000 1,900 6,000 147,000 100 300 16,000 200 18,000 300 600 («) •l^MI^W *7jmm '6,217 AN) •463,000 •300 257,008 20,000 40O 1 Includes apparatus. With pounds, valued at llJiOO: iliMB than 8100. aafaUows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 27^14^ and otter traps, 300 pounds, vrimd a* « USjOO bushels. *M8M88 valued at 31,881,000: A] ~ minor appamtus, 19, foonds, valued at S29M0: ' at 31,900. • OMOO M FiBHKillKR OF TBS UNITEa) STATES, 1906. Tabu 9.— VIRGINIA— PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES OF ATLANTIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1908. Catfish Croaker Dnun, satt-fi Eds Flounders.., Kindlsh Mullet Ptndi, white. Scup Shad Sbeepshead Sp«nish mackerel, ^wt , Striped i Sturgieon Caviar and sturgeon eg?. R nnfi«h Terrapin Clams, hard Ovsten:. market, from pubBeama Oysters, market, ftmn private Quantity (pounds). 10,385,000 HMO, 000 172,000 58,000 12,000 97, (KX) l,4O2,U00 48,600 3,300 100,000 70,000 83,000 54,000 17,000 8,900 4.700 4S,000 80,000 177,000 38>000 903,000 2,000 98,000 1.3,000 58,000 41,000 4O0 •844,000 « 849,000 * 3,145,000 Value. 3,200 5,800 aoo «s 2,8! 35,M» no 100 4,300 3,800 3,000 2,900 300 000 300 4,G00 4,800 16,000 2,200 38,000 200 13,000 17,000 1,200 200 400 160,000 53,000 212,000 50,000 2,400 Found and trap emwm. Fykaaodboop Quantity (pounds). Value. (pounds). Value. Quantity V. (/vUUU9 ) < Value. Quantity Value. Quantity (pounos^ Value. QuantftT (pounos;. ValM 2,791,000 8101,000 205,000 835,000 440,000 819,000 250,000 810,000 106,000 82,500 6,583,000 8478,00* 131,000 2,300 14,000 56,000 200 S^flOO 26,000 2,000 600 200 12,000 129,000 000 90,000 91,000 2,700 2,700 4,000 6,000 100 200 1,SR,000 30,000 33,000 300 1,000 (») 74,000 15,000 1,500 eoo 2,800 (») 3,300 100 1 III : 3,400 3,300 800 1,400 14,000 5,000 13,000 20,000 16,000 8,300 500 200 400 1,500 600 600 11,000 7,200 200 200 400 400 (') (•) 49,000 1,800 2,100 1,000 200 200 3,000 100 (») (») 300 4,500 40,000 80,000 132,000 30,000 654,000 2,000 5,500 SOO 200 4,000 4,800 11,000 2,000 28,000 200 600 SOO 5,000 400 45,666 4,566 1,500 52,000 (») 2,600 6,000 137,000 100 7,100 5.000 200 56,000 800 98,000 12,000 12,000 16,000 55,000 1,100 2,500 100 40,000 200 200 (») 400 '844,000 400 160,000 53,000 212,000 50,000 2,400 43,145,000 •1,721,000 ' 19,000 1 1 pounds. with catch, as follows: Dredges, tongs, etc., 5,109,000 pounds, valued at $.389,000; eel pots, 3,300 pounds, wilued at 8100; and minor apparatns * 106,000 bushels. « 121,000 bushels. » 449,000 bushels. *246,000 bushels. ' 2,300 gallons. nurioed fourth amon^ the states in in the extent of its fisheries, as measured by the Talue of their products, which was $3,513,000, and was exceeded only by Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York. Among the Pacific coast states it ranked fiist in this respect both at the present census and at Aft iWMMMi of 1M9 and 1904, wliile al tin ean- ^MMB of 1888, 1898, and 1889 H atood aeeood. In this report the fishing grounds of Washington are divided into two districts: The Pacific Ocean district, which comprises the Pacific Ocean, Puget Sound and other inlets, and all rivers, except the Columbia, flowing into the Pacific Ocean ; and the Columbia Ei ver. A —unary of tlie principal atatislMa idatiDg to of Hm atafta lor tba jmt 1908 ia ffwm in Veasels and boats, including outfit 91, 970, 000 • pp M il Mfll fp i w . 1,1«,000 Shore and acceasoif frnff rn tf aad etUk. 309, 000 ofprodoctB 3,513,000 Comparison with previous canvasser. — The figures for the number of persons employed and the amount reported as the value of the investment in shore and aeoessoiy property, together with cash capital, are not eon^amMe with thoae for ]»eyioaa ciOiTaaaeB, inaa- much as the latttf include returns from canneriea and packing houses and wholeaale dealers. In the USkm- ing tabular statement, however, which gives a com- parative summary for the canvasses of 1888, 1892, 1895, 1899, 1904, and 1908, comparable figure^ have been secured by eliminating shoresmen and the amonnta reported for ahoiaaiid aeeeaaory property and cash evpital: Persons employ- ed, ex- clusive (rfsboiw- men. TAun m Kiwiiiiwi. TotaL VcaRtoaad boats, including mtftt. Apparatus Of capture. 1908 1904 1899. ,. 4,879 6,074 5,617 5,008 %m\ 83, 132,000 2,548,000 2,6ao,ooo 872,000 0M,000 1 m.m\ 11,970,000 859,000 775,000 331,000 S8 $1,162,000 1,600,000 1,845,000 542,000 100,456,000 88,955,000 130,588,000 88,080^000 mSkm $3,513,000 2,973,000 2,871,000 1,402,000 aoLooe mm 1895... M08. .... FISHERIES, BY STATES. 888 The fisheries of the state have shown a steady growth, the value of their products having more than quadrupled during the twenty years between 1888 and 1908. The value of vessels and boats has ioowased steadily since 1888. In the value of appa- tmtua oi capture, however, there has be«a a padual decrease since 1899, and the number of persons employed in 1908 was smaller than in 1895, 1899, or 1904. Perwna employed. — ^The following taUa shows the distribution of tiie penMms emfdoyed in 1908 for Uw state and for the two diatrieta: MilULl AMD CLASH. mSOMS nDLOTKO: 1808. Namber. TotaL Proprietors and inde- pendent Salaried employees. Wage- earners. TotaL j Mil 4,954 12,068 25 2,871 81.294,080 «l,000 (81.200,080 1,109 134 3,630 7S TO 5 1,863 14 1,035 129 1,642 75 088,000 60,000 448,000 32,000 i u,ooo 672,000 59,000 437,000 32,080 fflimaiHi bmt flfherits.. 11 11,000 nwiae Ooeanditferiot •. 3,511 1.360 28 2,120 1,085,000 1,082.080 V«rti fisheries 1,109 117 2,210 7S 1,443 70 2 i.aw 14 1,025 115 905 75 751 685,000 55,000 313,000 32.000 130.000 13,000 672.000 55,000 303,000 32.080 i3R,«8i 8 OohnAtaRhrar. 080 3 17 1,426 1 3 686 i 14 737 4. •.>(¥) 135.000 4.200 134.000 3 1 ~ I Exclu^ve of 35 proprietors not fishing. The fisheries of the Pacific Ocean district gave occupation to approximately seven-tenths of the total number employed in fishing and to three-fourths of the number employed in the shore and boat fisheries. Equipment and idher eapikd. — ^Tlie following tabular atatement dhiows in detail the number and vahM of vessels and boats, the value of shore and accessory property, and the amount of cash invested in 1908, both for the state as a whde and for the two districts: Total. VmkIb. including outfit. . Haning Steam and motor.. VeaKiB Outfit , Vessels Outfit other Transporting Steam and motor. VeMh Outfit Other Boate. SaO. Bmr other Aw aralu e of capture VeaMi flsherles Shore ana boat fldMiiea. Shore and I Cash. catral: 1808. Tatal. $3,441,000 1,.')94,000 1,352,000 1,194,000 841,000 353,000 157,000 113,000 44,000 1,100 242,000 235,000 200,000 35,000 6,900 377,000 120,000 95,000 47,000 116,000 1,162,000 60,000 1,102,000 220,000 80,000 Pacific Ocean district. $2,502,000 1,572.000 1,352,000 1,194,000 841,000 353,000 157,000 113,000 44,000 1,100 220,000 213,000 181,000 32,000 6,900 225.000 67,000 9,900 42,000 116,000 686,000 60,000 526,000 120,000 88,000 8850,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 18,000 2,900 152,000 62,000 85,000 4,900 576,000 876,000 100,000 Of the total capital invested in the fisheries of Washington in 1908, 46 per cent, or somewhat less ihm one-half, represented the vahie of fishing and ' Includes provisioDS furnished to the value of 8187.000. transporting vessels, the value of fishing vessels alone forming 39 per cent, or not quite two-fifths. The investment in vessels was mainly in power craft of at least 5 tons register, the value of which constituted 42 per cent, or slightly more than two-fifths, of the total capital employed, while the value of all other classes of vessels formed only 5 per cent of the total. In the fisheries of the Pacific Ocean tlistrict 61 per cent, or almost exactly three- fifths, of the capital was invested in vessels, as com- pared with a corresponding percentage of a Uttle over 2 for the Columbia River fisheries, where all of the comparatively small numbw of veaada employed were engaged in transporting the catdi. Next to the value of vessels, that of apparatus of capture was the largest item of capital, amounting to 34 per cent, or about one-third of the total. By far the largest proportion — 68 per cent, or slightly more than two-thirds — of the capital employed in the fish- eries of the Cohunbia River represented the value of apparatus of capture. The vaine of boate focmed 11 per cent of the total investment for the state, that of shore and accessory property 6 per cent, and the amount of cash 3 per cent, all the cash reported being invested in the Pacific Ocean district. Statktics as to the number and tonnage of vessels and the numbw of boate are given in the next tabu- lar statement. The Y^sels engaged in fishing in 1908 comprised 85 steam and 22 sail vessels, with a combined tonnage of 3,991, and 1 1 unrigged craft, the value of all classes of fishing vessels being $955,000. Of these, all of which were used in the Pacific Ocean district, 45 belonged FISl OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. to the halibut fleet and eight were employed in the cod fisheries, tlie remaining 65 being practically all used in making tlie salmon catch. ■els, number Hiking, number. Nomber Tonnage. Other, n umber WHftnBf, Bomber. . . Meam and motor— Number Tonnai^ ..... Other, number number , Stem and motor Sow.. other. AND boats: 1906. 9wMe no lU u a «s 26 2,796 239 561 1,535 463 182 118 85 22 1,662 11 M as M 26 2,0«3 87 81 1,412 463 Columbia 9 n m 152 480 123 In addition to the vessels engaged in fishing, 46 roistered vessels and 26 unrigged baizes and scows were used exclusively for transporting the catch. Of this number, only eight were used on the Columbia ^ Tim poaad §ad tnp net catdi of Puget ras^eredited to tlie ilMin and boiA fidierieB, the OBed m Moving the catch from the tr^is to the canneries or markets being flmiifimi tnHMpQffti^ rather than fis hing vessels. In 1904 there were 50 fishing vessels and 80 trans- prating vessels reported by the Bureau of Fisheries. Tkb pvMUit teatm thenloie ahows a laige increase m the Bomber and Ttim of firiung yeflseb repwted, aad a vaall decrease in the muBher and yahie of 'Waeb engaged exclusively in transporting the catch. TTie number of power boats employed was 239 and their value $120,000, as compared with 63 boats, all operated by gasoline and valued at $44,000, in 1904. or the boais npoited in 1908, 152, vahied at $62,000, MB wed OB the Oolamlaa Shrer, and S7, Tahied at $57,000, in the other watcfs ct the state. In eoniiaat to this large increase in power boats, there was a ma- terial tlecrease in both the number and the value of other boats reported, including both sail and row boats. Hie combined number of sail and row boats reported in im «aa 3,448, and their vahie $310,000, while in 1908 mfy 2,006, Tahied at $141,000, wwe m use. Theaail- boat is still employed to a considerable extent 1 7,755 80 2,221 365 349 ua IS Padflc Ooeu 1 7,755 1,295 137 314 IM Columbia River. 80 926 liariMra«id1w«tMMricB,exceptlb«aiitniri,2sflI nets, and 4S seines. Products, hy species. — ^Table 1, on page 267, shows in detafl the quantity and value of the products, by species and by apparatus of capture, for 1908. The total products of the Washington fisheries in 1908 amounted to 100,456,000 pounds, valued at $3,513,- 000, as compared with 88,955,000 pounds, valued at $2,973,000, in 1904, an increase of 11,502,000 pounds, or 13 per cent, in quantity, and $541,000, or 18 per cent, in Tahie. The inorease reported for halibut alone was very laige, amounting to 18/166,000 pounds, valued at $879,000; but this increase was partial^ offset by the decreases reported for several other spe- cies, particularly for several varieties of salmon. For cod, herring, and smelt there were marked increases both in the quantity and value of the catch. The black bass, widek was foimeiiy cau^^t in limited quantities, is reported to be entirely extinct, none having been taken lor the past few FISHERIES, BY STATES. 265 Products, hy fishing grounds. — Tables 2 and 3, on page 268, give, respectively, for the JPacific Ocean dis- trict and for the Columbia River, statistics similar to those shown in Table 1. The relative importance of tibe different species is indicated in the fdlowing tabu- lar statement, wiiieh dHstributes the Tahie of products lepcnrted for the state and for each district aoooiding to qMdes, arranged in order of value: gdnon ......... , Chinook Blueback, or Silver Steelhead Dog, (HT chum... HtfibS. CBd,nllHl amdt HcRiog... Perch, viviparoot... Sturgeon Rockfish AUoOmt Oyatcn Market, tmaaifvatt Seed, from pnVatow Crabs, hard Shrimp Claiiia,nuor rum or noovcn: 1908. FMiflc Owan district. Columbia River. 13,513,000 3,054,000 1,571,000 565 000 513; 000 255,000 123,000 115,000 1,236,000 124,000 61,000 21,000 15,000 6,000 5,200 15,000 362,000 346,000 6,500 51,000 22,000 22,000 $.3, 018, (Km «495,000 2,559,000 1,097,000 250,000 499,000 200,000 42,000 105,000 1,236,000 124,000 45,000 21,000 15.000 3,100 6,200 13,000 352,000 346,000 C.SOO 51,000 22,000 22,000 13,000 4»5,000 475,000 315,000 14,000 54,000 81,000 11,000 2,000 'i,'«6 Of the products of the Pacific Ocean district fish- eries the salmon product was the most important, so far as the amount of the catch is concerned, contribut- ing 44,297,000 pounds, or not quite one-half of a total eatdi ot 89,305,000 pounds. The laigest value, how- ever, was reported for the halibut catch, which ranked second in quantity, and represented somewhat more than one-third of the total catch and the total value. The lower average value of the salmon product resulted largely from the fact that the spedes of salmon for whidh the largest catdi was reported was the dog or dium, which is of comparatively little value. Catches but sli^tly smaller than that of the latter species were reported for the blueback and for the silver salmon, the value of the blueback catch repre- senting 45 per cent of the total value of products of the salmon fisheries. Oysters ranked next to salmon In Talue of products, whfle salted cod also otmtributed ■n unpcnrtant product from the standpmnt both of quantity and value. Practically the only important product of the Columbia River fisheries was salmon, which repre- sented 90 per cent of the total catch and contributed 96 per cent of the total value of products reported for thki river. Of the different species of sahnon, the chinook, wfaidi ranked fourth in quantity and second in value in the Pacific Ocean district, led both in quantity and value, constituting 53 per cent of the total salmon catch reported for the Columbia River, and contributing 66 per cent, or practically two- thirds, of its value. The silver variety ranked next to the chinook in quantity, and the steelhead next in value, while insignificant totals were reported for the blueback, which, as has already been shown, was the principal product of tlie salmon fisheries of the Pacific Ocean and its adject, while for dog salmon, on ac- count d its inferiority as a food fidi, the smallest value was reported, in spite of the large catch of this species. The marked falling off, as compared with 1904, both in the quantity and value of the chinook catch, ac- companied by the increase in the catch of the blue- badE 8almed in nixigfinltm e$sm to eastern markets. The following tabular statement distributes the salmon catch of the state according to the different -watonB from which it waa takm: SALMON product: lOOiL Quantity Cpooadt). Valoe. 54,312.000 Sl.571,000 37,671,000 10,015,000 3,203,000 1,781,000 780,000 MiteH 906,000 475,000 45,000 24,000 2^000 n,iai FISHERI£S» BY STATES. 267 Halibut. — Next to salmon the hahbut product is the most important of the fishery products of Washington. Thecatdiof 1908, ayearwhidiwaaoneof themostsuo- Geesfulever experienced by thefisheriesof themnrthwest coast, was the heaviest yet reported, amounting to 30,072,000 pounds, valued at $1,236,000— an increase smce 1904 of 149 per cent in quantity and 246 per cent in value. The growth of the halibut fishery has been Table 1.— WASHINGTON- more marked than that of any other branch of the Wadiington fisheries. Daring the summer months the halibut fleet, ^diieh has recently been increased by the addition of a number of sploidid steel vessels, operates off Cape Flatter}', but as winter approaches it becomes too rough in this locality, and the smaller boats tie up for the winter, while the larger ones go to Alaska, where the fishmg grounds are better protected from storms. -FISHERY PRODUCT.S: 1908. Total. Black cod... Cod, salted.. Cnltusood... Halibut Herrini; ' .YiTipuioiis. blueback »ye chinook. Sdmon^ dog or chum Ssdmon, silver Salmon, steelhead TOTAL. QnantitT (poandB). 100,456,000 S3, 513, 000 Sole. Sturgeon. Crabs, hard Slirimp Clams, bard Clams, razor Oysters, market, from pciraie anas Oystefa, aeed, from pri- 168,000 4,048,000 62,000 284,000 30,072,000 2,506,000 661.000 1S3,000 12,501,000 12,336,000 13,05.5,000 14,080,000 2,339,000 100.000 2,897,000 190,000 185,000 2,179,000. 247,000 * 155,000 < 334,000 » 1,321,000 •104,000 Value. 4,900 124,000 1,400 3,200 1,230,000 21,000 16,000 6,200 513,000 666,000 115,000 255,000 123,000 1,900 01,000 3,800 0,000 51,000 22,000 13,000 22,000 346,000 6,600 ntOMJCT CAUOHT ST- QuantitT (pendt). Vdna. Vaiae. Quantity dNWiidlf). Vahw. QuantitT (poundaj. Vatoa. Quantity (pcnods). ValM. to^Utj ValiM. 35,013,000 61,368,000 28,860,000 6868,000 i6,aBa;ooo $468,000 14,932,000 633^000 481,000 626,000 4,909,000 6450,000 168,000 4,648,000 62,000 4,900 124,000 1,400 30,072,000 1,230,000 sr.oQO 600,000 300 2,600 267,000 2,200,000 6,000 19,000 61,000 1,700 10,491,000 6,818,000 4,230,000 6,991,000 855,000 64,000 6,000 424,000 242,000 32,000 122,000 41,000 1,200 200 649,000 5,385,000 3,600,000 5,714,000 726,000 500 90,000 27,000 258,000 30,000 105,000 41,000 (») 4,500 661,000 00^000 1,269,000 851,000 5, 220,000 1,375,000 651,000 35,000 1,907,000 185,000 8,100 16,000 8.800 57,000 48,000 54,000 28,000 36,000 700 45,000 3,600 700 92,000 282,000 5,300 16,000 107,000 4,800 900,000 ia;ooo 80,000 2,700 97,000 2,600 2,179,000 51,000 1,000 13,000 22,000 346,000 232,000 21,000 15,000 * 155,000 « 234, 000 »1,321,000 •104,000 6,500 art^n^floopoi 1 TwfJw«i— attparatua, wttb «ateh, as follows: D: , 900,000 pwroj;, Tilmd ■> tl2,000; b| Mm ^i^ ^^^^^ ' 1,425,000 pounAL Tdaed at tni.000; traps and hoop nets. %179,000 pounds, valued atSOl/MM; 889,000 pounds, valBia«834,oqO. "valued at 61,100; and •23^000 ~ *mfioa buabeia. • UyOOO buibela. WSSaMBIB& OF THE UNITED STATES, IMS. Tablb 2.— WASHINGTON— fishery PRODUCTS OF PACIFIC OCEAN DISTRICT: 1908. Qnanttty (poonds). Valiw. Pound neti. VahM. Seines. ValDe. amneta. Vahw. All other ■ppanUm.' Quantity (pounds). tW^OOO 11,077,000 tl83,000 Black cod. Halibut Herring Pefch, viviparous. 1. dog or chum. Salmon, silver flalnMMi, stficUMad. . Or5t#rs. anas.. Oyalea, seed, frtHn private 168,000 4,648,000 63,000 384,000 30,072,000 2,506,000 661.000 132,000 12,231,000 6,981,000 12,246,000 12,150,000 680,000 mum 5^ 2,179,000 247,000 •UB^OOO * 234,000 «1, 321, 000 •104,000 4,900 124,000 1,236,000 21,000 15,000 5,200 499,000 250,000 105,000 200,000 42,000 46,000 3,800 1,100 51,000 22,000 13,000 22,000 346,000 6,500 168,000 4,648,000 63,600 4,900 124,000 1,400 0,072,000 63,666 1, 27,000 '366,066 300 257,000 3,000 2,300 1,700 10,334,000 4,425,000 3,690,000 5,993,000 86,000 417,000 161,000 26,000 92,000 3,500 2,206,000 661,000 60,000 1,252,000 39,000 5,226,00 ( 1,146,000 190,000 1,907,000 232,000 19,000 15,000 3,500 57,000 2,000 52,000 22,000 14,000 45,000 3,600 21,000 645,000 2,517,000 3,330,000 5,011,000 403,000 26,000 88,000 26,000 86,000 25,000 71,000 1,400 3,179,000 U,000 •156,000 •334,000 * 1,321,000 •104,000 51,000 1,100 13,000 22,000 346,000 6,600 ■Ineindes ap. ^■^ISjOOO pouiHl% « MIows: Dredgm, ton^, li minor apparatus, •23^baiiMls. poonds, valued at H834M8; 1 *~ ' at $34,000. « 180,000 I t feMV mm, Xm/m pounds, t CY FRODDOTB OF TBB OOUTMBU RIVSR.-* 19Q8. QMgtit^ Value. Vabie. ^WOUtjr Vataw. Vatan. Quantity (pMBds). Vaha*. aiilman.chJDook ti,ni.«it 4,mt,m» 018^080 S,W3,000 8186,000 1,884,000 $77,000 1,382,000 $38,000 270.000 5,356,000 800,000 1,990,000 1,650,000 100,000 990,000 46,000 14,000 315,000 11.000 54,000 81,000 1,900 16,000 2,900 3,500 2,868,000 270,000 703,000 323,000 500 90.000 26,000 100 170,000 4,300 19,000 16,000 (•) 4,500 1,200 158,000 1.393,000 539,000 997,000 760,000 64,000 7,500 82,000 6,500 30,000 38,000 1,200 17,000 812,000 700 46,000 92,000 282,000 5,300 16,000 229,000 451,000 35,000 5,600 23.000 700 107,000 900,000 12,000 1,000 8,100 700 I An taken in shore •Indndes Witt mMN. Ml MSHERIES, BY STATES. M9 Table 4.— WASHINGTON— PRODUCTS OF VESSEL FISHERIES; 1908. laoMio* CAUoar wt— Lines. QoMitttjr (pounds). Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). VdDt. Quantity (pounds). 40,171,000 S6,(BX,0Q0 tl,MB,000 4,7»,800 IH^«08 Fish: 1(*.000 4,648,000 62,000 30,072,000 130,000 63,000 664.000 6,000 3,032,000 626,000 24,000 38,000 14,000 247,000 •377,000 4,900 124,000 1,400 1,236,000 1,300 1,180 30,000 400 30,000 11,000 1,800 1,100 200 22,000 IM^OOO 108,000 4,048,000 62,000 30,072,000 4,900 124,000 1,400 1,236,000 130,000 1,300 61,000 1,700 886,800 6,000 3,027,000 608,000 24,000 88,860 30,000 400 30,000 11.000 1,800 1,M0 5,000 28,000 flOO 14,000 15,000 • 377,000 200 1,100 UM.688 232,000 21,000 1 Includes apparatus, with wteii,atigll»in: Pwiltes, toais, Quantity (pounds). Quantitr (pomds). Value. Quantity (pounds). V'alue. Quantity (pounds). Valve. QnantitT (poands). Vatan m,m,m 8k«l7,000 S334,«l» 284,000 2,376,000 660,000 60,000 11,806,000 6,975,000 9,214,000 u,8aLooo l,Mi,00O 190,000 125,000 2,179,000 » 155,000 * 234,000 « 944,000 3,m 20,000 1 15,000 : 3,500 • 470,000 1 250,000 i 74,000 i 189,000 «,000 44,000 3,800 2,900 ! 51.000 1 13,000 22,000 242,000 6,500 27,000 300,000 300 2,200 367,000 2.076.000 2,900 17.000 Perch (kin.noo i 1.5.000 I Baekfbb. . 69,000 ■ 588,000 33,000 2, 199,000 549,000 1,800,000 185,000 3,500 27,000 1,600 22,000 11,000 13,000 44,000 3,000 10,334,000 4,425.000 ^080,000 417,000 161,000 26,000 9^000 645,000 2.517,000 3,325,000 4,963,000 4n,ooo 36,000 88,000 26,000 86,000 lB,iOO ^000 200 1,100 1 2,179,000 1 51,000 2 1.5.5.000 ' l,i.lX)0 •234,000 « 944,000 •104,000 22,000 242,000 6,S0O • 10^1,000 ■ Indodes apparatus, with catcb, as IdUows: Dredges, tongs, etc, 1^)48,000 poands, valued at $248/X)0; traps and boqp nets, 2,179,000 pounds, valued at ISl/IOO; and tor apparatus, 3>(9,000«aaii^ M $.34,000. * 19,000 boslMls. > 23,000 bushels. * 135,000 bnsbeb. ' 15,000 bushels. The quantity and value of products, by fl]MdM, as follows: tAanm id West '^^igmia an oonr to tk» Oy» Bhw ttid am afl of tiM Aen and boat class. The following statement gives a general iminmaiy of tiba fiahing induatiy of the state in 1908: Number of paMM4Hplqfad... ^ Gupttal: BMto. flOO ipf liolqyfw. 200 Shore and a ccc aB U t y property 800 Value of pffxlurt 2, 000 In 1908 large reductions appear in the number of persons employed, the capital invested, and the quan- tity and value of fishery products, as compared with HM mtd for yAiA jmm statiatiea are giviii in tlM nporla of Ifaa P i uiau of IManaa. Tha OlVMal SI, 100 , Quantity (pounds). Value. 8 86 m 33,000 161,000 t2,000 12,000 1 Hm loUl Taloa of oqaqMBont aa ftported for 1908 was $300, and represented eight rowboats, valued at $100, and apparatus of capture valued at $200. The latter consisted of lines, two and 22 fyke and hoop nets. Catfish Carp, German Drum, fresh-water. Suckers Sturgeon PUwfmh (walUywl itOn). Y PBODUCtR 1908. Quantity (pounds). 33,000 9,600 9,800 3,400 6,000 3,000 1,400 300 VahM. 83,000 0) 700 400 300 300 200 100 > Less than SIOO. WI800VSIN. Hm fiaheiy i»oductB of WlaoMMm wen obtained from the Mississippi River and its tributary waters, and from Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. The fol- lowing statement gives a summary of the chief statia> tics for the fishing industry of this state in 1908 : Number of persons employed 2, Oil Capital: Vessels and boats, indodillf (NrtSt ; $417, 000 Apparatus of capture 407, (XX) Shore and accessory property and <;a8h 276, 000 YslMofimaaete 1,0$7,000 Qmpwritim wiA pnoioug etumuaet. — The Talne Exclusive of 42 * Includes prov » Less than $100 not fishing. Equipment and other capital. — The following tabular statement gives the distribution, by class of investment, of the total capital employed in the fisheriea of the staite and of each district in 1908: cun ov mvxmaiiiT. 1 1 VALVK or EQVirilEMT AND OTHKB CAtnUi MB. Like district. Mississippi River district. Lake Superior district. Total Vessels, including outfit 91,100,000 9034.000 999,900 984,000 244,000 235,000 235,000 187,000 48,000 9,000 6,800 2.200 17:1.000 154,000 4,200 13,000 1,200 407,000 174,000 233,000 236,000 49^989 218.000 218.000 218,000 173,000 45,000 («) 999 990 200 125.000 116,000 2,800 4,300 1.200 330.000 169,000 167,000 215,000 49,999 25.000 17,000 17,000 14,000 2,600 Fish in K Steam and motor Outfit other Transporting (steam and 8,500 6.500 2.000 1.5.000 12,000 1,4I9 i;889 Veaseb Outfit SaiL 34.000 26,000 Row 7,600 %990 40.000 7,600 Vessel fisheries Shore and boat fisheries Shore and accessory property . . . 31,000 4,300 26,000 13,000 9199. The value of vessels and boats, including their out- fit, and ^lat of iqpparatus of cupture eadi formed souMthii^ over 37 per cei^ of the total investment, while the value of shore and acoess(My property^, com- bined w^ith the cash reported, amounted to 25 per cent. Of the value of sliore and accessory property $126,000 was reported for shore and boat fisheries and $110,000 for vessel fisheries and transporting vessels. The amount ci caah invested in the dime and boat fishmes was $20,000 and that in the vessdl fiaheriea $19,000. The shore and boat fisheries were therefore credited with $553,000, vessel fisheries with $533,000, and transporting vessels with $14,000. Tlie invest- ment in the Lake Michigan fisheries represented 85 per cent of the total for the state and comprised $427,000 invested in flboie and boat fiaheriea, $507,000 in vessel fisheries, and $600 in teanapotting veaaela. Of the Lake Superior investment, which formed lees than 8 per cent of the total for the state, $54,000 per- tained to shore and boat fisheries, $21,000 to vessel fisheries, and $8,500 to transporting vessels. Nearly one-half of the investment in the Mississippi River district i^resented the vafaw of apparatna of capture. The following tabular statement gives statistics con- cerning the number and tcmnage of veeoela and the number of boats : V( Wrtilng- Steam and motor- Number Tonnage Other, number Tnnsporting— Number Tonnage Boats, number. Steam and motor Sail Row Otlier. TotaL 8S 1,061 1 3 144 1.200 3(10 76 739 Lake WeUgan diatrict. 80 971 1 1 5 611 222 59 307 » district. 106 381 9 2 139 100 32 17 91 W THE imil!m> STATES, 1906. Statistics as to the number of the more important kiiiids of ap jMuraim of capture are given in ihe f dlow- l>tstxi bated TotaL 13.290 5 2.719 30,291 104 1,200 619 384 31 Lake Michi- £^ 13,290 5 2,172 28,773 7 530 267 253 7 Missis- Lake sippi i Supe- River 547 429 97 670 267 128 24 nor dia- trict. Vessel fish- erica. 2.000 , 536 85 3 6 240 Shore and boat flab- erica. 11,290 5 2,183 U,S1 IM 1,200 613 144 31 All the vessels and all but a small number of the boats were power craft. Of the more important kinds of apparatus of capture, gill nets were most numerous, used prindpallj in the yessel iGsheries. hf 9pMim . — Takkb 1, on page 274, givw sta- : to imducts, by apmam and by apparatus of capture. Six species — ^lake trout, hflfring, bufiFalo fish, whitefish, yellow perch, and German carp — con- tributetl 84 per cent of the total product for the state, while their value formed 87 per cent of the total value. I, hy fishing gnmnds, — ^Tables 2, 3, and 4, on 275 Mid 37S, pT» tibe pvodnets, respectively, of tke Lake IBchigan, the Mjiiwbiiipfii Bhref , and the Lake Superior districts. The latter siq)|rfied only 5 per cent of the total value of the fishery product of the state. Of the seven species which made up the product of this district, lake herring and trout contributed, respectively, 53 per cent and 40 per cent of the value ni the total JVwfcicfi, hf doM of JU^eries.— Tables 5 aad 6, on pages 276 and 277, give, by species and by apparatus of capture, statistics as to the products of the vessel and the shore and boat fisheries of the state. Similar sta- tistics are given for the vessel fisheries, respectively, of the LalcB lliAigan and the Lake Superior districts, m TMm 7 anl 9; and for the riiore and boat &ib- mim of the leqpeetive districts, in Tables $ and 10. Tim fisheries of the Mississ^fii Bmr diilikit wmt aU of tha ahum and boat gUmb. TALOB or raooucTs: 1906. Total. Vessel fisheries. Shore and boat fisheries. 0,M7,M9 t4K.M» 340,000 322.000 SB, 000 55.000 52,000 137,000 200.000 173,000 140,000 150,000 26.000 15.000 800 u,m 30,000 39.000 52,000 127,000 Hie value of the catch made in the vessel fisheries and that of the catch made in the shore and boat fish- eries foimed 40 per cent and 60 per cent, respectivefy*, of the Tafaie of the total state product. In thd product of the vessel fisheries lake trout was the leading species with respect to value and lake herring ranked second, while in the catch reported for the shore and boat fisheries the order of these species was reversed. Products, by apparatui of eajiure, — ^The following tabular atatemaBt ehows tiie dii^biition of the total value of products according to apparatus of capture, for the state, for Mch elasa ot fishenee, and for the three districts: TALUX or rBODUcis: 1906. TataL Distributed by class of fisheries. Ulm mda- dMiiBt. Lake Supe- rior disMet. Vessel Shm and boat fish- eries. mt,m in,o» Im»,ooo iiM2,ag» Pound and tnp aati Seines Lines Fyl» and hoop nets 533,000 1 208,000 143,000 92,000 54,000 7,200 31,000 494,000 142,000 4,200 85,000 49,000 3,500 17,000 7,700 42,000 138,000 4,800 4,500 3,700 14,000 32,000 24,000 600 2,400 349,000 6,000 1,300 57,000 6,800 184, on 202,000 141,000 35,000 47,000 7,200 28,000 4,700 LdketrouL—Hm species, which contributed 32 per cent of the total value of the fishery products of the state, was taken wholly in the lakes, 93 per cent of the quantity reported coming from Lake Michigan. Sta- tistics concerning the catch as reported for the state in previous years are as follows: ntm. taXX^BOCT PKODUCI. VihM. 1908 4,710,000 5,561.000 3,514,000 0,000,000 $340,000 262,000 155,000 170,000 laoo. . Lake herring. — The value of the lake-herring prod- uct in 1908 was nearly 40 per cent greater than that of the largest catch previously reported — the catch of 189^— thou^ the weight of the latter was greater by 343,000 pounds. The filming tabular statement shows the quantity end TahM uf the eatdi m l e p qrttd at tiie Taiiotts eaorassea: tauu VakMk 1908 12,U4,000 u,aMi,ooo 13,407,000 l,1il»«IO 0322,000 232,000 236,000 08.000 FISHERIES, Buffalo JisJi.— The buffalo-fish product, all of which was from the Mississippi River district, ranked third in value among the fishery products of tlie state. Over SO per cent of the catch was taken with seines, while pound and trap nets took most of the remainder. The statistics concerning the catch for certain years for which figures are available are as follows: •nuM. BOTTALO-nSH PBODUCT. Quantity (pounds). Valne. 3.178.000 I 5103.000 211,000 4,700 Wldtejish. — These fish, wliich were taken wliolly from the lake waters, ranked fourth among the fishery products of the state in value, conlxibuting 10 per cent of the value of tiie total product and 10 per cent of tiie total weight. Besides the coinmon wliitefish, which was sold fresh, smoked, and salted, three other species were handled, namely, the blucfin, the longjaw, and the Menominee, tlio last two being sold in both a fresh and a prepareil comlition. AVhitelish ranked third in value among the products of Lake Superior and fourth among those of Lake Michigan. Over 20 per cent of the total value reported for the species represented product taken in the former district. The wliitefish yield was much less in 1908 than in ISOO, but consider- ably more than in the 3'ears subse([uent to 1890, as shown by the following tabular statement: WHITEnSH (pomto). PBODUCT. Vabie. 1,274,000 1,047.000 633,000 $56,000 36,000 20,000 04,000 7e786»— U BY STATES. 278 YeUovo perch. — The yellow perch reported had a value nearly equal to that of whitetish and represented 5 per cent of the total value of products for the stale. In Lake iSklichigau, wiiere over 99 per cent of the catch was taken, this fish composed 12 pw cent of the total product. Statistics for the «itire state Mre not avail- able for a series of years, but as practically the Mitire catch of this species was taken in Lake Michigan, com- parative figures for this lake are given in the following ta1)ul:rr stateiuent : ' YELLo-w-rKr.cn prod- VCT OF1.AKK JUCai> TEAK. Qtianflty (poiiri s .. Valae. •J. '►..->. (>) AUtalKBta and boat fisheries. Seines. Pound and trap nets. 1 Gillnete. Fyke^wd boop All other araNk Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (poonds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. VMI. r,8a8»80o im,ooo 4,773,000 $138,000 1,509,000 $42,000 192,000 67,700 02,000 $4,800 123,000 $4,500 1,268.000 617,000 8,100 3,178,000 1,914,000 200,000 10,000 47,000 1,070,000 1,600 12,000 83,000 4,700 800 6,300 82,000 900 72,000 73,000 1,200 44,000 1,150,000 noo •888 700 103,000 46,000 16,000 400 400 19,000 100 400 4,400 400 (») 500 4,400 600 1,500 1,700 200 1,000 12,000 400 m 7,900 2,653,000 1,611,000 99,000 10,000 43,000 107,000 700 81,000 38,000 ti,700 400 400 1,700 200 9,700 22,000 2,800 % 888 Buffalo fish Carp, (ierraan Catfish and bullheads 374,000 123,000 40,000 17,000 3,400 3,800 110,000 64,000 2,700 4,800 1,700 300 3,500 33,000 36,000 100 700 3,300 28,000 61,000 19,000 800 1,400 1,900 1,800 935,000 (') 17,000 2,000 « 15,000 1,500 300 100 2,000 3,000 100 7,500 200 12,000 64,000 3,800 800 700 40,000 35,000 400 3,300 300 (') 100 2,200 600 100 15,000 (•) 800 Pike and pickerel Pike perch (wall-eyed pike)... . 300 (») 600 3,000 808 800 300 2,600 4,200 100 11,000 500 300 200 (') 200 (») 1,100 12,000 100 800 1,900 1,200 100 100 100 (') 500 400 (») (») 24,000 800 26,000 1.188 608 788 Frogs 73,000 1,700 1,200 22,000 1,150,000 MOO *500 200 500 12,000 Turtles Mussel shells, peaili, and atai)ik... . ^toa, glPJt- •• 15,000 400 2,200 (•) 5,200 100 » Includes appan^ wife catch, as toOnm Orowfoot dndgaa, 1,180,000 pounds, valued at MUjm traps 500 pounds, vataMdailMe fVtmt nl linii, ll/m iiwiidi; wSSdat $700: and minatmSSSt •Less than 8100. UOOskiaa. •Ma8i FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. Tabu 4.-WIS0ON8IN-9inaE&T ISOSiDCSB OF LASS SUPEBIOB mmuXXi IMt. Quantity (poOMls). Value. i,ar,eao 358,000 135,000 830,000 7»,«» 9,400 1,100 13,000 6,200 800 30,000 69,000 373,000 9,200 500 . 1,000 23,0t)0 400 188,000 6, 100 3,300 111,000 1,900 2,100 10,000 200 100 1,700 100 100 VM. ■ecitag, UkB, fresh ■eniae. lake, salted Sorkers, fresh teeto|^^>d Whitefish, fn?^h Whitefish, sailed WUtefish. lilueiin . . CWaalu Quantity (pounds;. Vabte. Quantity (pooads). Value. i,uB,om tn,ooo 612,000 SM,OQO B,000 33,000 114,000 002,000 1,000 (») 900 9,600 100 « 21,000- 224,000 7S, 0* K) 9,400 30,000 30^000 81,000 200 104,000 5,400 300 3,300 0,200 800 500 800 5,000 6,400 200 4,400 100 8, iibi) 252, 000 9,000 57,000 600 3,300 104,000 1,900 300 i'66" 15,(X)0 300 3,500 100 i,m 100 (») aoo 40^000 8,000 300 500 (') 7,500 100 1>800 1 100 I Tnrluilt's ^^ines. with a oatch of 13jOOO pounds. TBlmd at 3800: aad "~- — 1*»> - mi mm = Less than loo poUBda --,~-jr— — , —»«> witaswm «■ ^iWyMM^ VMHMatp^ 1 Leis than SlOO. Tjuum ff.— WISOONSIN— PBODUOTS OF TE88EL FISHERIES: 1908. Carp, G«rm&n CaXiish and bullheads . . Heninf;, lake, frpsh Hemoc lake, salted ... . Lta(«rlaw7er. nn,XeUow •. Ttant. besh . Itoot. salted Quaatity (poanda). 61,000 3,200 ^129,000 414^000 10^000 731,000 51,000 2,400 91,000 1^731,000 4,500 24,000 388,000 50,000 4,800 109,000 Value. 3425,000 800 100 101,000 6,900 3k Mt 100 15,000 3,000 200 1,700 200,000 200 2,400 22,000 1,100 100 4,700 PBODUCT CAUGHT BT- Oatoets. Quantity (ponada). 7,561,000 8,000 100 4,094,000 414,000 HtH 3^li» 400,000 34,000 800 20,000 2,018,000 4,500 12,000 388,000 50,000 300 Value. 3349,000 100 (») 100,000 6,900 4)339 100 11,000 2,300 (») 500 139,000 200 1,200 22,000 1,100 (») VykeaaikovpaBtL Quantity (pounds). 341,000 8,000 t,too 300 4,900 257,000 U^OOO 3I,M Value. 36,800 200 100 4,500 1,330 733 MO f wiM aaa ay anta . Quantity (pounds). 33^030 1,080 Km 1,600 200 43,000 12,000 Value. fS^OOB 500 380 100 (•) 3,800 1,200 Quantity (pooads). 862,000 44,000 200 100 14,000 1,400 20,000 671,000 1,900 100,000 VataM. 363,000 403 (•) 300 103 300 4,m 31.300. * Im tkanSlOOi FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tabu 6.— WISOaNSIH— PRODUCTS OF SHORE AND BOAT FIBBBRIES: 1908. 277 Total 22,090,000 TOTAL. QOMtitV (pomds/. Fteh: Black bass Buffalo nsh Carp, German, fresh Carp, German, smoked . Catfish and bullheads. . Crappie DOgnsh, or bowiSa.... Drum, or sheepalMad. EebT; rTT:. Herring, lake, fresh . . . Herring, lake, salted . . . Herring, lake, smoked . ,«r lawyer. Bmh, yellow Pike and pickerel Pike perch (waU-^red pike) Rock bass Btmsecm, lake, toedi.. Sturgeon, lake, smoke Sturi^eon, thoveinoae. Caviar Suckers, fresh Suckers, salted Sunfish Trout, fresh . . Trout, salted. AVhite bass... Whiteflsh, fresh Whiteflsh, salted Whiteflsh, bluefin Whiteflsh, longjaw, fr^. . . Whiteflsh, lonRjaw, smoked . Whiteflsh, Menominee, fresh Whitefish, Menominee, salted 3642,000 Crawflrii. Frogs Turtles Mussel shells, pearls, and Skins, mink Skins, muskrat 12,000 3, 178, oat 2, 182,000 4,500 273,000 10,000 48,000 1,093,000 1,600 2,917,000 743,000 3,802,000 32,000 1,300 1,831,00(^) 2()7,000 86,000 5,500 28,000 2,500 82,000 900 99K, (K)n 123,000 75,000 1,943,000 31,000 300 257,000 10,000 322,000 09,000 i,m) 90,000 01,000 239,000 14,000 44,000 1,150,000 * 100 » 1,000 Yatan. raoDOCT cAvmt bt— Found and trap nets. Qnantaty (pounds). ValQB. QnaatitT (pounds). 1,200 103,000 51,000 700 19,000 400 400 20,000 100 77,000 11,000 02,000 400 100 39,000 19,000 0,700 200 3,300 600 4,400 000 20,(10*) 1,900 1,700 139,000 1,100 (') 19,000 500 0,000 1,000 100 2,300 1,100 9,200 2,000 1,000 12,000 400 600 7,990,000 400 374,000 123,000 45,000 1,800 935,000 800,000 540,000 3,025,000 6,600 229,000 37,000 77,000 1,700 17,000 4,200 100 172,000 103,000 500 514,000 14,000 300 176,000 9, 100 64,000 7,500 20,000 30,000 2,200 000 4,920,000 17,000 3,400 3,900 17,000 Gffl Value. 3184,000 110,000 04,000 2,700 2,000 10,000 8,300 57,000 («) 4,300 2,400 0, 100 100 1,800 200 («) 3,(i00 1,500 (») 43,000 400 (') 13,000 400 1,300 100 000 500 2,011,000 19.S,000 237,000 3,700 340,000 22,000 4,200 100 1,100 i2,m 4,800 1,700 300 (») 60,000 3,000 5,000 (•) 11,000 1,000 300 (') 100 Quaatity (pouads). ^013,000 7,300 2,653,080 1,650,000 1141,000 ^138,000 101,000 10,000 43,000 115,000 800 259, (HKI 12, 000 1,129,000 17,000 73,000 700 258,000 02,000 1,900 68,000 30,000 200 73,000 700 5,3(XJ 5,300 900 100 1,600 500 4,400 200 14,000 84,000 3,S00 WK) 700 Value. 700 81,000 30,000 Fjkm aad boi9 Quantity (pounds). Value. 147,000 6,800 400 400 1,700 40,000 87,000 2,900 73,000 8,000 200 500 15,000 100 (») 400 4,700 300 (') 100 2,200 l,.'i00 IfJO 1,700 500 (') 400 2,800 28,000 14^000 84,000 3,300 13,000 100 46,000 21,000 900 1,224,000 92,000 Quaatitf (pounds). ValoB. 300 800 2,000 4,800 200 (') 600 300 100 22.000 7, S(K) 3,000 100 500 424,000 5,800 1,800 2,100 100 a; 100 5,200 6,500 100 (») 100 («) 1,000 3,500 34,000 4,500 36,000 20,000 1,500 700 200 23,000 2(i,ono tiOO All other appa- ratus.' Quantity (pounds) i,«37,ooa 100 100 800 7D0 8,300 1,000 100 (') (') 1,000 2.100 S,900 2, .500 1,200 100 298,000 100 100 1,300 500 100 (*) 23,000 200 9,700 162,000 4,400 7,800 100 5,700 300 24,000 800 57,000 238,000 14,000 22,000 ... 11,150,000 MOO •l«O0O ' Includes apparatus, with cafch as follows: Crowfoot dredges, 261,000 pounds, valuai at $7,200; mink and muskrat traps, 1.000 at 3600^uid minor apparatus, 31,000 pounds, valued at 32,300. Tained at 30,200; trammel netL nets, 11,000 pounds, yttaA FISHERIES OP THE UNITED STATES, 1908. 7.— WISCXHISni— PBOOUCTS OF VE88EL FI8HSBIE8 OF LAKE MICHIGAN DKTIUGT: FBODUCT CAUQHT BT— CHiMli. ) 3,800 1,200 Traot. 670,000 57,000 WhiteOsh 22,000 388,000 8.000 4,800 100,000 1,700 100 800 0) 100,000 4,700 1,900 B^-mK(mmK--rmmKm of swhkb and boat fi OF LAKE mOBiaAN DSEmiOT: IMS. FISHERIES, BY STATES. Tasu 9.— WIS00N8IN— PB(»>I»3T8 OF VESSEL FISHEBIEB OF LAKE SUPERIOR DlBTRtCT: MS. 279 • OB MIL Qtiantity (pounds). Value. Quantttjr (poands). Value. Vakw. 601,000 fll,080 snr,ooo tll.OOO 4,m 87,000 414,000 3,400 «,000 4,500 2,500 42,000 500 6,900 200 3,000 200 aoo 000 87,000 414,000 800 47.000 4,500 2,500 43,000 500 ti.900 2,900 200 300 000 1,000 1,600 1,500 (') 100 100 Tutu.. I, fresh . . salted . Plkeperefa ( w J i lywi pa») . Tiuul, fresh Trout, salted Whiteflsh Whiteflsh, longjaw -***'"-^ *• tttT" inrlTlTiTir -frMianatfilirfljnilijniwlli.iilMilalllW •! takm i9.—mBCosmH—nxsmcm of shore and boat fisheues of lake superior DIBTBICT: uob. Total Herring, lake, fresh Herring, lake, salt^i Pike perch ( wall-ey«d pflM) Sturgeon, lake fluckcfB) fresh.... Suekers, salted Trout, fresh Trout, salted Whiteflsh, fresh Whiteflsh, salted Whiteflsh, bhMfin. . Whiteflsh, kffigiftw, Whiteflsh, i^nr, AUother..V7r!T.... * Leas than tUxL TOTAL. Quantitjr (pooBi^ 1,216,000 48,000 415,000 77,000 9.400 30.000 59,000 324,000 4,700 100,000 6, 100 3,300 60,000 1,900 3,100 VahM. 347,000 "to 6,200 6, 100 800 500 1,000 20,000 200 10.000 200 100 1,000 100 u» nuwoct can INwBd Mid Inpnets. Offlnete. Al flOief ^>pantBi.t Quaotttr (pMMli}. Value. QuantltT fjfmmm' VdM. 609,000 323,000 555,000 320,000 82,000 32,900 21,000 223,000 77,000 9,400 30,000 50,000 80,000 200 104,000 5,400 300 3,200 6,100 800 500 800 5,000 (') 6,400 200 27.000 188,000 200 (•) 300 2,900 (») (») 4,400 8,300 204,000 4.400 54,000 500 3,300 62,000 1,900 300 200 12,000 300 3,300 (») 100 900 100 (.) 600 39,000 (•) 2,400 i'tii 300 n 7,300 100 1,800 100 m OHAPTEKTni. CANNING AND PRESERVING. Comparison with earlier canvasses. — The earliest year for which separate statistics of the intlustries of canning and preserving lish and oysters are available is 1870. At the census for that year there were rapwted under the heads "Fish, cured and packed" wmA "OfBten, cumed," 92 wiUWMimMPto wfaidi em- fh iftKl in an 2,441 pcnoas and luid a oombiiied ei^tal off $9W,000 and products valued at $3,064,000. No figures are obtainable for 1880, as the reports for the canning and preserving of fish and oysters in that year mere included with the reports of other industries. Tlie following table presets a comparative summary «f 1k» ttat ii tica cf wtaWiiiiiiMiits engaged in caoning and pnaerving fish and qyvtam in the United States, axdasive oi Alaska, as returned at the censuses of VI 18»0, 1900,aiid 1905, and the of iisheries in 1908. The figures obtained at the cen> suses of manufactures represent indusMes classified under the head of "Canning and presenring, fishy" and "Canning and preserving, oysters." Fishery products are preserved to some extent in estabhdbmaits engaged primarily in the manufacture other pvoduets. It is also true tidat, in the ceBsuses of manufactures, products other than those of the fisheries are included with industries classified as "Canning and preserving, fish" and Caiming and pre- serving, oysters." In the census of fisheries for 1908, reports were secured covering only that part of the operatioius <^ those establishineiits which pertained to the fisheries. For these reasons the figures for 1908 are not atiieftly cosaparabie with those for prior ■ns employed*. Silarieaem 1 emploTC Waee- of wage-eamers and in wag i" in 1905 and under the head of "Cost of ma- terial" in 1908. From 1905 to 1908 the number of wi^e-eamers increased 81 per cent, but in the amount (2W) of wages paid the increase was ovAy 50 per cent. In capital invested there was a decrease of $4,516,000 from 1900 to 1905, wluch resulted principally from a loss of 96,312,000 in Maine, apparently due to a re- oiganixatiofi of some of Ihe Uuger establishments, and a loss of $1,012,000 in Oregon. From 1905 to 1908 the amount of capital increased 98 per cent. The invest- ment of 1908 represents an outlay of $3,417,000 for land, $10,288,000 for buildings, and cash amounting to $10,420,000. StalitHcs, hy geographic dkfinona, — The taUe fol- hywii^ AcfWB, for the principal items <^ the statktios, the distribution by geographic divisioas. These divi* sions correspond with those which i^ypear hi the pn^ ceding cbapten 1,000 AtfcHitle eoast dtvfsioo. Onlfof Uexioo alTUMIfL. Pacific coast I dlvWoa. Great Lakes 464 $11,937,000 $1,462,000 $4,878,000 $5,598,000 11,683 646 618 10.419 6.084 3,632 703 $.3. 320. OCX) $>i-4J.(KKJ S2.tl78. (XW $1.9l«.IH>0 $701,000 $74,000 3»,«58,000 S18,7a,000 36 $2,465,000 $242,000 $1,331,000 $893,000 3, i03 72 147 2,886 1.103 1,370 413 $6-20,000 $130,000 $490,000 $2o7, 000 $185,000 $47,000 26,461,000 18,404,000 99 $S.71.'?.I»(1 $1,440,000 $3,791,000 $3,483,000 2,103 90 244 1.709 1,5.34 182 $333,000 $983,000 $«l'.».(«iij $59.U0U $4,900 73,257,000 $6,410,000 83 $1.00:!.00"l «J71.000 $287,000 $445,000 296 77 45 174 174 divWoB. $142,000 $47,000 $94,000 $94,000 9,S8S,000 sras^ooo s r:..2<;o $2,200 n,2oo is IS 'i s $1,700 $1,700 $1,700 $19. 010 ' Kxdusive of the canneries and saiteries of Alaska, for the statistics of which ste Uepori of the Bur ' a i of Fisheries, I )tK'. No. 045. 111- The Atlantic coast division ranked first in the dustry, re])oiting iieaily half of the capital and ap- proximately two-thirds of the number of establish- ments and of the yahie of products. The Padfic coast division was second in the number of establish- ments, capital, and value of products, and the Gulf of Mexico division was second in the number of persons employed. The schedule used in the canvass of the packin<; and canning establishments called for the quantity of fresh fish received at the plants, to be re- ported in pounds. Hie data furnished as a result of this inquiry were, howeyor, so inecmiplete and unsat- isfactory that no use could be made of them. Products, hy lirul. — The next tabular statement gives the quantity and value of the principal kinds of products prepared, arranged in order of value, together with the proportion which each contributed to the value of aU products. Salmon, sardines, cod, and oysters contributed slightly more than two-thirds of the value of the entire output. CAmmiO Am PRi:si:KViN tton. tioo. Total 468,947,000 100 $2s,4i)1.000 100 340,086,000 73 24,8Na,00U 88 57,461,000 12 5,966,000 a SardUnas 72,323,000 15 5.311,000 It Cod 60,979.000 13 4,557,000 16 OTitats 40.593,000 10 3,428,000 12 Shriinp and prawn 3,772,000 1 742,000 3 18,204,000 4 667.000 2 12,362,000 3 594.000 2 6,261,000 1 480,000 2 All other 62.130,000 13 3,139.000 11 All other 128,861,000 27 3,517,000 12 The following table distributes the value of prod- ucts by species and by geographic divisions: Total Fish, oysters, etc Akwivea Mid rae. . . Cod naddock... ........ Hake , Halibut , HorrinR , Lake herring PoOMk.. .**!""!!": Salmon Sardines Sturfn>on and caviar Whitefish Clams OTttefs Craba Shrimp and jpnwm. . All other...... All other FerUlizer Glue 00 Another pwwucTs: IMS. United Stefeaa. tai,4W,ooo 24,88.5,000 287,000 ^ 4,5.57,000 594,000 214,000 1.57,000 (.1,7. (KK) 4S0, (100 462.000 169,000 5,966,000 _ 5,311.000 4, 000 19,000 70,000 6.S,000 14,000 20,000 9,700 21,000 54,000 1,,52!<,000 731,000 25,000 SB^sat n.t8i 54,000 8M,ns 4S0,000 71,000 1,900 >M,OOB *vs,m 1, 100 ^ fad n dw jt Trine of S17, ^jSS^tSSitK^tal^ SSm^ jr'^j'^ ^^^^^^ FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. The Atlantic coast division reported 66 per cent of the totiil value of products; the Pacific coast division, 23 per cent; the Gulf of Mexico division, 8 per cent; il» Oiwtt Lakes division, nearly 3 per cent; and the IfiHiasippi Rher dmaaoo, Ian thaii 1 per cent. Of Hb Tahn of «H Mikm tiwttod in emitiBetttftl Unitml States, 90 per cent represents the value of adbnon pre- pared by the canneries and packing houses of the Pacific coast states. The Atlantic coast division is credited with 96 per cent of the sardines as measured ly -value, 90 per cent of the cod, 52 per cent of the ^faton, aad 84 per eettl of tlie stuigeoii prepared in tte United States. Nearij aD of the hake, mackerel, mmk herring (exclusive of lake herring), and all of the alewiveSj haddock, and pollack were put up in the At- lantic coast states. The Gulf states reported 45 per cent of the oyster product and almost the entire shrimp aad foiMn jnoduct. All the lake herring output was the nw i hig ha—a of the Oteat Lakes diTision. Table l,on page 286, gives the value of the food products, by species and by method of treatment. The canned product exceeded in value the product treated by any other method used in preparing fishery products for market. Of the total value of food prod- ncta — $24,885,000 — 57 per cent represents canned product; 14 pw cmt, booed; 11 per cent, smoked; 10 per cent, salted; 7 per ceat, pWed; and 1 per cent, frozen. Table 2, on page 287, distributes the quantity and value of all products of the industry according to metiiod of treatment and kind of product, for conti- nentid United Statea and for each geographic division. The by-products of the canneiMs and paddng houses, consisting of fertilizer, oil, etc., had a vahie in 1908 of $3,517,000. On account of the importance of some of these as articles of commerce, they are shown in detail, by geographic divisions and by states, in the following table: United States AUaotic ccust division . Virginia NorUi ~ : AMD oniBss— TALva o» M0» mooocn: 1908. Pacific c«ist Calltomla... OreRon Wmbtogtoa. MTarifodoo dMgtoa. LoQlstaoa. .......... t iBdiidai m rahw of $IM;00O reported for Of the total value of products other than food re- ported by the fish and oyster canneries and packing kmmm, 35 pw em% represnta the yalue of the f er- tSav nwDidaetmed. The Athustie coast states con- tributed 98 per cent and Virginia alone 50 par coat of the valw of tha lirtiliaBr pRMhiaad bgr thiae aataUkb- ments. Another important by-product of this industry was ish oil, for which a value of $854,000 was reported, or 94 par east of the to«al for {Mcoduets other than food. Viqslua Isd, with an oHtpnfc Tafand ai 38 per cent of tfM -valne of all fish oil reported hj Uie eatablishments under consideration. The manufacture of fish glue was confined to three states— Massachusetts, Maine, TMaL — -— — — 00. AUottier pcDducta. 9^517,000 •1,331)000 «BM,000 > 1783, 000 9648,000 3.384.000 1.207.000 844.000 > 762,000 571,000 1.032,000 116,000 1,249,000 81,000 Sl,flOO %8 OB,oao 618.000 90,000 77,000 47,000 44,000 &z 14.000 328,000 23,000 123,000 16,000 »,800 30,000 SM,O0D 9,700 1753,000 9,000 87,000 2,100 296,000 27,666 •6,Q0» n,m 20,000 •,400 21,000 1 65,000 2,400 3,000 8,300 11,000 200 6,000 3,800 20,000 11,000 400 9,m 64,000 32,000 "■S8 1,100 31,000 24,000 100 1,M no and California — 95 per cent of the value of the output being credited to Massachusetts. All the isinglass re- ported, valued at $150,000, was from Massachusetts. . The precedhag statistics are confined to the fish can- ning aiid pnsoring estahlidmMnta of ccmtinental United States, and do not include Alaska In the remainder of the chapter, which is devoted to a pre- sentation in detail of the data for the leading prod- ucts, statistics of the Alaskan output have been included. iSaisiMi.— The table fdkywing shows, for the United Slates, inclusive of Alaska, the quantity and value of the salmon treated in 1908, disteihoted accoi^i^ to mathod of traatmoit by stalca. CANNING AND PRESERVING 283 BALMOH FBODCCT OF CASinESIKS AND rACUm 1906. Total. Canned. Pickled. Smoked. Salted, in- cluding mild-cured. Frozen ai firesb. United States, ItoIiwHih; Pacific coast division Alaska Washington. Oregon California. . . Kwtem and Central divisions. New York AU other sUUs. . United Statas, PaotBc coast dtvMoB. Alaska Washington. Oregon Cwbiala... Bastem and Centnl divMana. New York QVAimrr (iocmim). 25G.414.000 221. in:. 000 19.a53.000 4,297.000 1 8.540.000 1 3.418.000 252.982,000 221.107.000 19.053.000 1 971,000 8,434,000 3,418,000 198.S53.000 «8. 954, 000 21,914.000 3,162,000 3,432,000 182,488.000 22.091.000 16,339,000 180,000 » 13.713.000 780.000 3,959.000 600,000 48.000 800.000 80.000 42.000 3,327,000 1,646.000 4.4.57.000 * 1,067.000 825,000 l,6$8.fl08 2.331.000 105,000 2,504,000 928,000 108,953,000 S7,4B1,«» 2,504.000 823,000 48.000 105,000 1,6^000 182,488,000 a8,tafes. etts.... f^ennsylTania..... IM&c coast divisiaa. Washington. Caittmuu... Alaska TotaL flaiM. — ■ ■ Frozen, fresh, and ■inoked. 00,383,000 33,784,000 27,776,000 6,785,000 37.000 49,526,000 1 32,557,000 15,883,000 1,088,000 3,030 41,337,000 8,097,000 91,000 16,856,000 1 31,968,000 1 589,000 8,369,000 7,426,000 88,000 11,89.3,000 i 1,000,000 I 83,000 4,7DB,000 34,000 227,000 4,551,000 6,902.000 5,403,000 60,979,000 5,409^000 227,000 83,784,000 4,.3-'4.000 2,200.0tX) 5,369,000 22,407,000 6,360^000 '"4,"7ai,o66' 5,786,000 34,666 3,000 34,000 34,602,000 33,250,000 11,237,000 S202,000 82,800 4,101,000 3,238,000 812,000 51,000 200 3,726,000 366,000 M^OOO 601,000 3,179,000 60,000 60,000 1,400 1S,«80 160,000 -',f»0 229,000 227,000 135,000 4,557,000 136,000 1^000 217,000 77,000 132,000 1,106,000 UO^IOO 150,000 2,600 30O 3,250,000 308,000 The value reported for 1908 represents an increase of S1,67S,000, or more than 50 per cent, over the nhM npovted for liNM;, miuek was $3,013,000. In liOO the piodMl WM Tehied at $3,109,000. The BExt table ihowB, by geograplue dhrvMnia and by states, the quantity and value of cod reported by can- ning and packing establishments in the United Statcsy incluiling Alaska, for 1900, 1905, and 1908. No figures are shown for Alaska for 1905, but a com- of the figures for 1900 and 1908 reveals of 885 per e«t in the quantity and of ' eeat in the vahie ni the eod pnpaied by the I ef this tmiloiy. The product of Massachusetts represented 62 per cent of the total quantity and 79 per cent of the total value of cod treated in canneries and packing houses. Maine reported a value of $365,000; Washington, $220,000; Caltfomia, $227,000; Akska, $135,000; and Pennsylvania, $10,000. There seems to be a rapidly growing demand for boned cod. While but 49 per cent of the total amount in 1908 was boned, the value of the product thus treated formed 69 per cent of the total value. In Washington nearly all of the cod was salted, and in California about two-thirds was pickled aikl the lest Bailed. CANNING AND PRBSEEVING. 285 • mrm w ■■■■II tm mmm^ vsaami wJ* a&SSICVAX* ■ 00» rtOKMO. tm 1006 1000 Quantito^ (poaads). Valaa. QmntHy gonads). Vaiaa. 1 Vahw. UaiM StatM, InnhKUng Alaska AtlMrtieeowt^TUoD 66,382,000 34,092,000 48.758.000 $3,013,000 1 - 1 65,419,000 33,109,000 526, 000 4,101,000 40,620,000 2,655,000 1 57,088,000 2,628,000 Massachusetts.. 41,. 337, 000 8,087,000 01,000 16,856^000 3,726,000 366,000 10,000 691,000 37,913,000 "-"^^ 8,138,000 2,611,000 141,000 1 3,300 350,000 8,388,000 0,000 8,330,000 2,546,000 80,000 a, MO 480^000 Maine Pacific coast divisioo Washington 4,. 551. 000 6.902.000 5,4a3,0O0 60,979,000 5,403,000 229,000 227,000 135,000 ' 4,557,000 1 135,000 877,000 7,261,000 49,000 309,000 { 054,000 6,688,000 (iSS.OOO 64,731,000 881,000 45,000 407,000 •Js.(XX) 3,081,000 38^flg» California Aiasi^ AU states. 48,758,000 3,013,000 Oysters. — The lollowiiijjj table gives the canned- oyster product, by states, for 1908; DlVISIO>f AND STATE. UnitadStatas... Atlantic coa.st dtrlrioa Maryland South Can^ina. ... Georgia Vbginia North Carolina Florida. Oolf of Ifedco divlsiim. Louisiana Mississippi Florida. FMttecoaBtdlvirioa.. Washington Oregon OTSTEBS CANino: 1808. Quantity (pounds). Value. 46.688,000 33,438,000 35,034,000 1,704,000 7,661,000 0,436,000 4,8.53.000 1,8.50,000 1,055,000 1,083,000 599,000 525,000 374,000 163,000 70,000 08,000 20,220.000 1,528,000 9, 9f>9, 000 7,83.5,0(i(J 2,422,000 770,000 625,000 134,000 444,000 106,000 413,000 30), 0001 100,000 «i,lflO Louisiana held linst place in the value of oysters canned, followed by Mississippi, Maryland, and South Carolma, in the ovdrr iianuMl. In 1905 Missi.ssippi ranked first, Maryland second, South Carohna third, and Louisiana fourth. In 1900 Maryland was lii-st and Mississippi second. The next tabular statement shows the quantity and value of the canned oystw product for 1900, 1905, and 1908, by states ranked accordiiif? to the value reported in 1908. The value of the canned oyster product was $371 ,000 less in 1908 than in 1905, but it was greater than in 1900 by $1,893,000, or 123 per c«it. The decrease from 1905 to 1908 oeeorred prindpally in Mismssippi and North Carolina. Shrimp and pravm. — In 1908, as in earUer yean, practicalh" all these crustaceans were packed in Lou- isiana and Mississippi, the former reporting 54 per cent and the latter 44 per cent of tho total value of product. aiATK. QoantitT (pounds). Vataa. Louisiana Mississippi Maryland South Carolina. . Georgia Florida Virginia. Washington North (jaroUna.. Ongcm Ail otbw states. ■ 9,969,000 '7,835,000 7,651,000 '9,426,000 4,853,000 3,505,000 1,856,000 413,000 1,055,000 30,000 770,000 625,000 599,000 535,000 374,000 195,000 163,000 100,000 70,000 6,100 United States 46,593.ooo ! $3,428,000 low 1 Hit Quantity (pounds). VdM. Quantity (pounds). VriMb ' 59,249,000 33,799,000 20,792,000 $1,330,000 7,126.000 21,952,000 6,666,000 9,251,000 4,794,000 1.802,000 {') (') 2, .526, 000 (') 1 *,m,m 507,000 1,341,000 549,000 530,000 257,000 126,000 144,000 1,273,000 6,078.000 6,916,000 ('^ 0) 1,504,000 (') 50,000 Am, 72,000 495,000 570,000 (') 00,081 (») a — M , — , , ^ ■ J ^ The tabular statement foUowing gives the quan- litj and vahie of the preserved dirknp and prawn product in 1908, distributed by method of treatment and by states. 286 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. sHBiKP AND numr tmawniw intL - QOBDUtT (paands). ValtM. UailBd States.. 3,772,000 S742,000 3,273,000 $657,000 500,000 185,000 Mississippi Florida 1,980,000 1,704,000 75,000 8»aoo 408,000 329,000 9,000 1,000 1,644,000 1,625,000 334,000 322,000 > 342,000 •79,000 •75,000 M,800 69,000 6,600 9,000 m Sootii Canliitt 3,00 fiOO MO The quantity and value of the preserved shrimp and fnrnm prodnei, m npovted at the canvasses of 1900, ltOS» mad 198Sy «« ihoiwii at top ot neort cohmm. 8XAXB. IMW Vaioa^ QPMtltl' (pounds). United States. . Louisiana MMmW 3,772,000 $742,000 5,087.000 $479,000 1,929,000 $226,000 1,986,000 1,704,000 83,000 403,000 329,000 10,000 3,762,000 1,315,000 11,000 346,000 132,000 1,200 515,000 1,313,000 102,000 80,000 136,000 9,800 Although the quantity preserved in the United States in 1908 was less than in 1905, the value of the product showed a large increase. Compared with the figures for 1900, there is shown an increase of 96 per cent in quantity and 228 per cent in value. Tablb 1.— canning and PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS— VALUE OF FOOD PRODUCTS. 1908. mam,wmm a» vnaaa»-^ja.vm or iood nKwucn: IMS. Salted, including mild-cured. Froren and fresh. 9,818,000 82,386,000 81,004,000 8318,000 ^^m^* - • a . . . . , , _ , , . , . . , , _ , , Hides . 287,000 4,557,000 76,000 594,000 214,000 1 i : i j 3,250,000 11,000 68,000 «^«0» 7,400 368,'666' '"ijios'ooo" 65,000 183,000 nM8> ao,oii 16,000 61 ,'666' 214,000 202,000 1,000 36,000 lit H«Hbat ^^hemng 157,000 114,000 451,000 436,000 18,080 >aoo 74,000 mtm : HI : : 667,000 480,000 462,000 64,000 48.'666' 3,000 01,000 ^oUact f — -. 109,000 40,000 200 128,000 408,000 3,100 200 8,966,000 5,311,000 '""3,946. '666" 5,307,000 674,000 100 700,000 1,900 183,000 468,000 3,400 463,000 257,000 Ctans . . 421,000 3,428,000 412,000 3,428,000 99 o^oeo 8,600 113,000 16,000 ■■-1 CANNING AND ra£8ERVING. 887 Tiwji 9.-0ANNIN0 AND PRESERVING, FISH AND OYSTERS— PRODUCTS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS METHOD OF TBEATMENT, AND KIND: IMS. Mwoo or mtnmn and Mmbtmwmmvm. * 1 CAimNG AND PRESERVINO, IDB AXD OTBimBS-fWHNIOn: UOB^ Atlantic coast division. Pacific coast division Gulf of Mexico division. Great Lakes Miiriyip^ River Quantity (pounds). vaniB. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Value. Quantity (pounds). Vahie. Otiantit V (pounds). VahM. OflATItitv (pounds) Vaina. TotaL Owed 468,964,000 169,467,000 $28,401,000 14, 142,000 359,558,000 102,751,000 $18,741,000 7,498,000 73,287,000 41.657,000 86,450,000 4,381,000 26,461,000 82,404,000 9,«H.800 Bl^888 187,888 S18,888 72, 168,000 38,618,000 46,593,000 5,307,000 3,946,000 3,428,000 657,000 412 000 166,000 211,000 70,538,000 25,924,000 5,101,000 1,794,000 1,630,000 38,618,000 444,000 : 20»3,000 1 3,946,000 106,000 25,056,000 20,226,000 2,250,000 1,528,000 %m a,8at ■ Clams 5 276 000 780,000 38,807,000 3.900 Of KKtJ 720,000 3^988,000 88)080^000 600 147,000 183,000 8,a4,000 OwyUUU 60,000 850)000 227,000 00. UUU 10,000 i^aao 12,000 3,209,000 1,000, UUU 200^800 656,000 54,000 21,080 2,080 2,888 Cod Pollack 32,784,000 1,372,000 2,080,000 933,000 827,000 311,000 32,003,000 3,250,000 123,000 68,000 40,000 35.000 11,000 2,818,000 32.557.000 1,372,000 2,080,000 933,000 827,001) 311,000 23,912,000 3,238,000 123,000 08,000 40,000 35,000 11,000 2,037,000 227,000 12,000 Hake 1,460,000 05,000 6,488,000 670,000 134,000 15,088 Salmon 4,249,000 1,317,000 11,939,000 4,562,000 5,192,000 1,666,000 1,259,000 1,819,000 54,745,000 674,000 453,000 451,000 426,000 308,000 257,000 114, oa) 134,000 2,386,000 2,975,000 1,029,000 11,840,000 "5,'i92,'666' 979,000 851,000 1,046,000 38,889,000 547,000 394,000 449,000 '368,066' 188,000 81,000 70,000 1,491,000 923,000 8,100 98,000 56,000 1,500 1,900 881,000 168,000 '4,'M2,'o66' 71,000 44,000 '426,066' Haddock.Tr. 112,000 13,088 Whiteflsh Halibut All other Salted, including mild-cured Cod • * ■ . . Salmon. Haddock.. Hake Pollack Shnmp Mullet All other....... Pickled "'468,'666* 23,000 14,495,000 ""84,"6d6' 1,600 796,000 377.000 72,000 066,000 "756I666' 964,000 67,000 "62,066' 28,000 22,000 2,088 22,407,000 6,893,000 4,430,000 8',"628,000 5,278,000 342,000 1,695,000 1,118,000 4,054,000 39,919,000 l,ia5,000 462,000 183,000 179,000 128,000 69,000 65,000 61,000 134,000 1,694,000 15,883,000 105,000 4,430,000 8,620,000 5,378,000 "i," 6951666' 1,118,000 1,854,000 29,122,000 812,000 2,800 183,000 179,000 128.000 65,666' 61,000 60,000 805,000 6,524,000 6,788,000 2,'666' "i,'i8i,'666' 10,643,000 294,000 450,000 ioo' "43,"666' 875,000 "342,066' 35,000 79,000 ' 60,666 i'soo' 6,600 '"«4,o66' 76,000 "28,066' 6,600 Salmon Mackerel Alewivesaodn* Cod . . . . .. Herring 5,339,000 4,495,000 18, 193,000 5,785,000 4,208,000 660,000 158,000 ^,000 5,644,000 700,000 402,000 214,000 202,000 74,000 35,000 16,000 10,000 41,000 318,000 "4,'344,'666" 18,193,000 1,083,000 4,157,000 660,000 T^oeo " "395,666' 214,000 51.000 73,000 35,000 8,600 5,339,000 152,000 "4,'762,"666' 51,000 "a^'ooo' 3,162,000 700,000 6,700 '"i56,'666' 1,200 "io,'666' 7,980 225,000 Haddock "'79,' 666' 6,666' 000,000 27,688 12,000 78^000 1,802,000 6,888 81,000 Salmon Lake herring Halibut 2,361,000 946,000 628,000 550,000 81,000 520,000 190,000 368,000 laS, 877,000 183,000 33,000 28,000 22,000 12,000 10,000 8,500 21,000 I,a7,fl08 2,361,000 550,000 183,000 22,000 946,000 628,000 :«,ooo ; 28,000 { Shad I.. An other productsincludlng fer- tmur,afi,aadtlMi....7Z 520,000 30,000 60,000 120^282,000 10,000 800 1,000 3,384,000 81,000 160,000 1,622,000 12,000 7,700 88^800 • «,888 818,000 20^880 2;888 f OHAPTBBIX. EXPORTS AJ Comparison with domestic production. — The exports of (jomostic fishery products for the fiscal year ended June 30, 190S, were valued at $6,166,193, and the imports for oonsumption Imr the Mine poriod were ynkmA a* $13,135,724, or $6,969,531 mora then the exports. Fresh fish formed but a small part of either the exports or the imports. The exports and imports of fresh lisli wore essentially to and from near-by countries, and so far us they are distinguishable and reported sepuateiy amomited in yahie to oxify $87,379 and $1,772,164, r e q >ee ti ve i y. When theae amoimts are deducted from the gross exports and imports there remain the large sums of $6,078,814 and $11,363,560, representing, respectively, the value of the exports and imports tif fishery products other than fresh fish during the fiscal year 1908. Obviously, therefore, aagr coaqMuoaon of ezpmrta and importa with domestic ppodnetioB ranat deal witih the prodnete of the fiah f^Mfmg and preserving industry rather than with the main products of the fisheries. The statistics of d<^mestic production, exports, and imports may be correlated so as to show in a general way the value of the fi^eiy products available for consumption. Such a eomfMiiaaii is, h o w we r , neceoae ri^ defective not oidtjr beeaaaa tibe wtkam of products in the eoDaoa €i tiM firiMriea are those reported by the fishenMBOT the manufacturers, while the values of products exported and imported, are the commercial values at the port and may be therefore considerably different, but also because there is no record of the value of the stock on hand at the b^gimiing and at the cod of the year. l^ilhiimiMii, the atatiaties for oqporta and inqmrts are those for the fiscal year ended June 30, wkSi» those for the fisheries are for the calendar year. The prod- ucts of fish canning and preserving establishments, however, inclusive of those of Alaska, had a value ol $35,902,847 in 1908. As a considerable amount of fiih was cored or preserved by the fiahennen, this ifconid ba added to the prodneta of the fiA canning aad inw t ing eatahirfoMBta, for ccMiqparatiYe pur- poses; and as these exports and imports of fiahery products include oil, whalebone, and sponges, the amounts reported for these products by the fisheries should be also added. The sum secured by making these combinations, $38,910,295, represents the value * The tencB med in this chapter have been taken fcom "Coutr gg^J HyyrtiMi tito Umft^ Strtw,** Bwewi cf Blrtlttfci, (»8) W IMPORTS.* for the domestic production which is in a general way comparable with the ligures for the exports and imports of fishery products other than fresh fish. This total comprises the products of the fish cuming and ]Kres«rying industry in ccmtinental United States, $35,902,847; fish salted and smoked by fishermen, ' $1,948,635; fish oil, whale oil. and sea-elephant oil, S298,717; whalebone, 8215,220; and sponges, $544,870. ' The excess of the value of imports over that of exports, $6,969,531, added to the above total, gives the sum of $45,879,826 for the United States consumption of fiahery products other than treah. fish, of which amount 15 per cent represented in^wrts and 85 per cent the domestic production. Comparison of exports and imports. — In 1890 and previous years the total exports of fishery products exceeded the imports, and the balance of trade was in favor of tihe United States; but by 1895 the balance had shifted and the imports exceeded the exports, and since Ihe hitter year the balance of tx&de has uni- formly been against the United States. The diil'er- ence increased rapidly, until in 1907 and 1908 the debit balance of trade was in excess of the total value of the exports. The following tabular i^tement gives the Tahiee d tibe imports and ezporta <^ fishery products for cer- tain years since 1875, and the resulting balances. This statement includes the value of all fish, whether fresh, canned, or otherwise treated, fiah and whale oil, whale- bone, and sponges. fCIL TBAB. Inqiofts. Bzparta. Excess of imports over cohorts. Excess of exi>orts over luipetUk $13,135,724 13,224,049 12,599,201 11,530,487 11,052,230 8,230, 121 ?n5,284 5,247.404 3,813,299 8,310,748 16,106,198 6, 238,. '570 8,100.H79 7,096,340 8,368,016 6, 163, 113 6,406,870 7,336,993 5,891,164 5,114,926 4,716,686 $6,960,631 6,985,479 4,498,322 4,434,147 2,684,220 2,067,008 828,417 1900 UN. $1,521, 7W 643,760 1,301,627 In the case of whale oil the excess of imports over exports did not begin until 1900; whalebone exports, cm the othnr hand, have always eneeded hnporta, but by varying amounts. It will be seen that the growth in the debit balance is due chiefly to a marked in- eveaae intheyahie of inqporta. TaUe 1, ed rapidl}-, especiaOy that with Chile and Ar- gentina, salmon being the principal kind exported. Of the great gain made in exports of fishery products to Brazil between 1890 and 1900, about one-half has been lost nee Uie latter year. During the years from 1 900 l» im tlto export tnde witb Amk Ooeaiiia» aiid Afiiea aim needed £rcmi tbe IqfiMnlw mark of 1900. JmporU. — The aggregate value of fishery products impti. K97 963,774 > 795,642 '60,214 196,001 71,642 VakM. 96,10, ua 2.693 535. 648 276 59.734 404 82, 56, 14. 99. m. UK). 807, 416, 184, 24, 494, 32, 24. 212 407 684 352 «27 -44 786 243 212 I 403 7(i6 276 199 044 I Quantity (pounds). 28,781,601 1,043, 162 17.030,019 .■J.M4,704 1,515,790 >, ' 1.844.041 » lti2,5*..'i 190,484 ValM 3,259,344 48,086 79.J. IMJ 83,968 ut,m 837.239 m,m '440.773 < 124.601 705.500 25,298 194.907 • Gallons. > Includes whale oil. •l^anaaiL Whale oU included wUto Mi oU. TABiat 2.-VALUE OF. EXPORTS OF 0 Europe Oermany United Klnt^dom. North America Canada, Newfoundlaad, and Lataadar'.IIIIIIIIIi;; Central America , West Indies Cuba ■ Other islands , An other oooMh ■oo^ Anwriw Brazil . Chile : An other countries Oceania AMra CooaMei, Waada. and parti oot aqporied' aepaiatabr .' VMVK or cxKHifa or noMEsnc FISHEBT faoDoon. MM $ 43,048 2,724 63,160 1,482,568 127,555 107,800 3,661 12,043 » 1,037 3,014 1,355,013 674.665 375, 580 » 199,327 ""57,'4i6 23,169 21,491 3.359 1,276.900 866,440 1333,943 853,963 853,963 41,727,190 40,372,180 1,355,010 12,750,312 8,642,981 2,249,062 1 108,750 140,927 45,805 60 725 54,236 29,608 24,587 41 340,631 51,467 63,465 185,926 3,077 25,962 10.733 100,001 031,219 915,360 10,993 3,431 1,436 62,416 16,345 3,804 3,573 5,278 11,565 15,794 6,056 (») 1,749,490 31,590,573 6,502,573 5,608,964 96.670 10,130 » 701,288 85,521 25,088,000 7.893.200 2,035,000 > 5,541,800 'V,m,m 2,806,600 2,158,200 46,400 14,087,400 4,782,400 1609,000 8,567,600 3,000 125,400 780,200 395,400 393,800 Vatae. 880,203 88,648 88,60 791,555 765,787 25,768 3,710,382 728,108 1 14,415 625,109 20,060 7,007 35,454 11,953 5,664 8,446 409,388 290,362 76,710 36,764 1,021,962 140,144 107,611 S,8SI 448 127,173 l,8fll 8n,n8 470,133 73,113 1117,100 '**'88'2i8 58,056 73, 107 2,091 1,010,670 «M,9B8 i<" — 473, 105 7,8S 357,4« 1 17,474 1,076 13.158 3,716 72,410 568,150 «1,382 76^016 131, M6 166,» 50 1,540 1.420 10,015 a»aai RTS AND IMPORTS. Tabm 8<— imports of FISHERY PRODUCTS, BY KIND AND COUNTRY FROM WHICH IMPORTED: 1908. 1900. AND 189»-0(mtiira8d. ■DID or nmvct Am ootnmtT noM inDoi nn«M»KD. Whale and tAoQ. NewfooadlMid and Labrador. Norway Japan Canada United Kiocdam Germany. AD otter < Whalebone Asiatic Russia. United] SpoDge BritisliWcatladiea. Cuba. United Kingdwn Greece ABaCtoeoratriet... Quantity (pounds). > 1,221,065 573.019 254.790 221,993 140, .555 20,823 9,006 877 9.0FA 8*699 166 I1IIOBT8 or ra tr nMMnicn. Value. 8408,113 154,663 l.'B,H73 47,722 :{5. 24:i 11,411 4,683 S18 43,633 43,560 73 391,206 174,961 125,779 50,827 26,190 U,4H MM Quantity (pounds). Value. (pMBdteT Tatae. ■851,372 204,213 '265.710 40 349.556 2,434 27,529 1,800 8273,367 48,339 * 133,938 10 76.170 1,121 i3,in 8M • 267,379 11.578 » 147.824 0.:«Kt 67. M7 4,293 26,397 3,140 lt,Ott »5,4M 2,730 * 66,977 1,828 12,857 1,603 8,641 901 n,m C) 416,711 m.m 26,741 115,206 48,131 8M,303 293,016 133.033 79,466 18,135 13,6a :::: ... .: iQallaaB. > Norroy and Sweden. * Not reported. Table 4.— VALUE OF IMPORTS OF FISHERY PRODUt TS, BY COUNTRY FROM WHICH IMPORTED: 1908, 1900, AND 1880. oomnsT rsoH nirancD. All Europe . United Kingdom.... Norway and Sweden , Netherlands France Portugal Italy Germany Spain Belgium All other countries . . . North America . Canada West Indies Newfoundland and htbuOat , M e xi co ■.*.••.....•.•.. ........ Asia. Japan Hongkong , Chinese £mpli« .. AMC' - Africft South Amote.... Oueania.. porta not acpmrtdy rapartad . VALUK or mroms or mHSBv pkoddcbil IMS 613.136,734 88,230.121 86,816,38« 7,136,849 4,430,482 2,ia,m 2,170,057 2,023,286 1,162,712 788,711 346.646 253.2(.l 191.207 85.737 31.587 73.645 1,400,280 753.838 758.678 l,19(i.Ni2 110.434 39,939 70,914 2,690 56.144 30.703 551,423 287, .150 479.388 2(1. (H» 12,696 87 13,866 66,oa« 5.4S5.447 3,720.942 S,667.8» 4,797,i;0 343,857 an, 982 47.806 3,730 3,000,678 436,686 189,737 3I,«M 70, m S,908,3H ar,8M 483.769 74,907 66,110 310,011 63,912 66,326 83,630 7,382 21,181 46,105 839 3.918 9,618 •,4M 18 ■2i.m 12.460 14,783 2n 1,102 3» 8 3I,6M II APPENDICES Appendix A.— THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1908. Appendix B.— SCHEDULES: SHORE AND BOAT FISHERIES. VESSEL FISHERIES. PACKING HOUSES AND CANNERIES. Appendix G.— INSTRUCTIONS TO SPECIAL AGENTS. « APPENDIX A, THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1908. By liiUABD C. Mam, Afwfc at tb« Salnon «f AiMka, mad Jma N. G(»b, SUMMARIZED STATISTICS. Afl in the reports for previous years, the District of Alaska is con- ■ ade>«d in ^ four geogimphie Mction generally recognized, as follows: Southeast Alaska, embzscin!; all that narrow atrip of main- land, and the numerous islands adjacent, from Portland Canal Borlliweslward to and including Yakutat Bay; central Alaska, the region on the Pacific, or Boatb Hde, bom Yakutat Bay weatwaid, including the Aleutian chain; western Alaska, the shores of Bering Sea, and islands in this sea; and arctic Alaska, from tWing Stndt to liie Ganadian border. With the exception of arctic Alaska and a portion of weatem Alaska, practically all of the fishing localities were visited by one or the other of the agents. Statistics of the yield of fur seals from the Pribilof Islands were <4»taiMd through Hm coatUmy ol tiie agent at the fur seal islands, while figures for the other aquatic furs (except the coast fur seals and sea otter) and skins, also the whalebone and wabw iTOty, were obtuned from tlie customhouse records at Juneau. Considerable commercial fishing is carried on in the Yukon River and its tributaries, where fish wheels, nets, and spears are employed, but unfortunately it has been found impossible ■0 iar, owing to the ■bort time available eadi semon and 1^ few agents employed, to extend the inspection work over this large r^on, or to secure data showing the extent of the fisheries there. Aa in pwykMis yean, by far tbe greater part of liie fishery prod- ucts of Alaska are marketed outside the district, but a steadily in- creasing local demand is noticeable, especially in the caae of the llitterto BomeiHiat neglected minor species. PERSONS ENGAGED. The number of persons engaged in the fisheries of Alaska in 1908 was 13,337, ol whom 4,976 were engaged directly in fishing, 7,740 in the canneries, salteries, and at other diore wturk, and 621 emplt^ed on the tianaporting vemels. Thia total ia a gain of W6 over tiie number employed in 1907. The far t that the fishermen art aa sailors on the transporting ships to and from the salmon canneriea and salteries explaina 1h» email number of tr a napotte w dwwB in the table. Owing to the impossibility of the agents visiting aictic Alaska in the limited open season, thus making JU difficult to secure aocnrate data, no attenpt has been made to show the number of men employed and the investment in the fisheriea ef tim ngl althovg^ cotain of the products are shown in the pnqsar taUe. Penons engaged in tlw Alaska fiahtrieM m 1908. OCCUPATION AMD BACK. Fishermen: Whites... Indiana.. Japaaeae. •MA... Shoresmen: Whites... lodiaiH.. Chinese.. Japanese. Total. Transporters: TbUL Qfand total. SaaOMMrt Central Alaska. Western Alaska. 1 TotaL 1,193 1,288 27 103 1,554 1» 1 1 3,410 1,530 27 s,su 7B6 1,092 4,976 m 886 785 307 165 383 374 1,003 430 8W i,ao8 1,829 1,481 2,0U i,4U t,m 7,7m 263 40 144 3 m 7 49 m 146 172 621 ?,ltt INVESTMENT. The total investment in the fisheries was $10,319,784, an increase ol fl,10S,7S6 over 1907. He item of cash capital was eliminated in the 19M ivport, and Hua procedure baa beea feBmMd ever i INVESTMENT IN THE ALASKA FISHERIES IN 1908. aOOTHBASX AUUKA. TOCAL. I Number. , Fidiing vessels: Steamers and laiuielMB Tonnage Satltaig Tonnage.. Tnanorting yeBsdK Stcamen am] ~ 0^ ,. Tonnage, .... ...........................i..,,..., fF ■■■'""■•■""••••••'•••""••"".•••......•.....•........•.-.•I n^j^ J-Ounage.. Appanttn ^ veaw l Ibberies: , Guns... . — V. Qun and haapoons > Afgr^te length ot 2,400 yards. 30 475 15 176 87 1,808 8 7,MS 1,»B 4 1 1 Value. 1 Number. Value. Numbo-. ^ Value. Number. i 1 $171,815 1 M,'m' 2 01 1 • ! ............ 3.0 476 17 237 412,300 1 27 1,802 IS 13,310 710 239, 100 4tl 3,312 28 36,360 941 $710. 450 160 6,422 49 1886 i»,«6 1 396,300 ti2»,400 MSkl34 ; 88, MO 2,800 >4 «1 30 310 7.906 j ITS 1 io' 360" t Acfngi ite length of 3U0 yards. Value. 8171, 8U i.asi.soo i,ii5,(io6 ""sw'oii 2.800 310 7,905 380 flgaraXtlES OF TBE UNITED STATES, INVESTMENT IN THE ALASKA FISHERIES IN IMfr-Oontiiiaed. taux. Number. Value. 1 iNomlMr. Value. Numl^r. Value. Number. VataH. 82 126 U7 U » U 1 • S21,301 39,464 23,690 14 133,900 20,100 1,000 9 7 5,848 44 28 42 14 21 1 tM,n5 7,150 3,300 80,880 1,500 > 126 M54 • 143 33 86 18 1 6 102,825 21 181,075 21,600 l^flOO 7 8,718 12 8,682,061 014 875,835 Trips, stake 14 16,325 8=^:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::;:::;^^ N • %m "2.'842,'073' 10 17 1 2,fai,S88 4,877,40» 319, 784 1 The total quantity of products was 217,813,415 pounds, valued at $11,847,443, a gain of 39,455,114 pounds and $1,687,260 ovw 1907. Kxf gpt for {utilizer, oil, fuis, and hides, the we^^ts are round ; of products when first taken from the water; c, or spring. Bed. or sockaya Urnlted- Coho, orsflrer... Dos, or chum . . . Bad, ocaoeka^. 17,500 18,000 8,000 33.887 110.737 5.245 19,346 3,420,093 12.614,280 41,484.660 174.266 a,m,m hi 1S9,8«) 32,940 606,310 38,880 27,733 180 60 j 813 1.063 126 564 194,318 452.678 1,589,412 8B,4n 4,898 707 17, 191 ALASKA. 5,358,399 200 21,800 30,000 U,O0O S,4Bt 6,800 12,000 6,C 808,010 2,146,270 H *Sf^ I Ml',481 290,400 27,000 hi 1,620 663,400 12 28,500 12.000 36,666 $131,953 1,962 1,200 325 ▼ahJe. ISO 48,172 85,673 27,040 I,7M;M7 750 580,820 2,681,630 1,458,380 1,087,680 480 19,480 285 1. 000 3,666 25,110 162,000 7,647,310 133,704 101,519 58.294 62,471 4,928,919 744 6,333 241,405 TOTAL. Pounds. 21,082 20,250 12,000 5,360,066 200 22,100 2,820 27,000 200 7,500 4,580,427 958,360 144,219 763,730 1,333,600 2,700 17,900 7,650 20,500 600 23,000 8,000 798,289 58,500 33,887 110,737 5,245 19,345 4, 15, 46, 1, 116, 817,923 296,910 089,310 661,065 03^285 1,880,700 8, 186,840 32,940 633,420 163,620 239,500 27,733 28,500 12,000 100 36,000 600 132,178 7 1,990 m 700 10 225 145,610 25,104 4,«0i 5,330 U^8» hi 813 1,063 274,089 664,197 1,733,379 99,867 7,mt,m 77, 8U 6,648 707 17,935 6,8U 262,274 416 285 1,000 u 8,on APPEMPDL PBODUCTS OF ALASKA FISHBRIES IN 1MS-Ck»tinved. 9m leaevBib Vahie. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. •almon bellies Mltad: Cobo, or nfw.. ....................... 36,100 111,160 2,300^886 8380 600 37,800 181,480 88,155 = 217,550 111,150 2,296,325 45,600 1,784,250 16 hm S2.200 8,000 8,880 2,900 80,681 50 1,496,000 374,000 1,066.400 '819.000 •204,750 •1,232.850 « 8,000 •38.480 •i,an TS.8M »3.332 •160 ••92,580 U 10 41fi 83,535 600 28,140 730 38,388 8 •8 1,990 180 488 116 082 3 24.000 ti.OOO Iti. 126 21,600 5.400 49.036 360 t,71S IS 12,060 7,050 459,950 :i .i.V) Dog, or chum 88,808 480 ITing. or snrinfiT . 46,600 60,000 8730 1,060 Bad, Of BQSkqra........... ............ 39,200 8,000 •,800 50 1,496,000 374.000 1,066,400 819.000 204.750 1,232,8.')0 6,000 »,M8 748 67 hm 188 S 68 1,881 188 116 982 3 24,000 6,000 16, 126 21,600 5,400 49.036 300 475 t,m 119 8,411 i,6oi,666 34,770 TiDut: D^y Varden— Fresh 18,808 688 ■Itt^iobO^^** ••••••••••• ••••••••••••w Steelhead- Freah.... ............. . 1 fertilizer: 00: Satmoii...*... ........... .. ........ WlHto 2,000 17,400 sa> 888 i,as7 148 804 50 2,300 1,883 880 5.982 6,300 3,680 Aquatic Am and aUns: 388 8,844 200 15 80,784 14,706 667 750 . 448,900 2.408 Mndoat Otter— Umd. 1.002 4.620 3 1.000 10.209 810 8.390 945 3 35 2,259 203 18,748 •8,888 13 74."; 1 9 .IttS 1,000 88.640 810 202.7t>l 203 a,481 i TOM. 89,635,468 3,636,642 j 38,280,750 2.105,741 < 88,821.024 6.895,168 j 67. 173 209.892 217, 8U, 416 11,847,448 1 Represents 109,200 gallons. • Represents 8,800 crabs. ' • Represents 32 skins. • Represents 27,300 ^ons. • Represents 1,280 skfais. >* Represents 15,430 sUiM. • Bapnaaatal64^Wg^nia. f Represents 81^ sMna. u K^rajMata 6,472 aUM. APPENDIX B SCHEDULES. SHOftE AMD BOAT HSHEMtS. [ AllBboTe and boat fisbeiies must be mported on this schedule. If packing houses or canneries are operated under t hp samp ownership, a report sboula alsobeniadeon.Sche 1— 7, HW, Mrthorlf the Director ol the Census. In cot*""<"e of the year covered by the report. rer$ leill be held ateointely eonfidential. No publieation will be made in the ; tlw apanttaw «f ladMtab or eQBQHin Ja my par- Extract from act of Congress, Mareh 3, 1899: SnmON 22.— » * * "And every president, treasurer, secretary, director, agent, rotlwr officer of every corporation, and every establishment of productive industry, r oooducted as a corporate body, limited Uability company, or by private , from which answers to any of tbe schedules, inquiries, or statistical ie> provided for by this act are herein required, who shall, if thereto Ihy the EMreetor . super v bu r, enumerator, orspecial agent , willfully neglect or refuse to trive true and complete answers to any inquiries authorized by this act, or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon MwMaBtbenoj^^l^b^^ thoosaiKldoUars, to which may CESnnCATB. This is to ecrt^ that the information ctmtalned in this adiediilB is complete and t* tke best af my knoihedCB and belief .andeawnttapaiM tnm. I agent.) (Signatora a( tlw ] I be answered; 1 1* made, write the word " None.' U CAPITAL INVESTED— OWNED AND BORROWED: The answer most ' the total amoont of coital , both owned and borrowed. All tbe items of 1 Uve capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If Uiagsare rented, that fact should be stated and thevaluegiven. The I items of live capital, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, 'iflBtead,atc.,Asiilab«giTcaiaaofttMtlM|iBBiBg Vdm. S Gunner nets, cimner Dip nets DradfBB, tongs, rakes, grabs, shovels Beam irawls,attcrtrawl8 Fireanns, fHi^ lUlaa, Fykonala, boon net* (MO) Gill nets, drift nets, set nets,alalwaet8. Haipoon8,speara, eel gigs Wafll mi ottwfftf bar. Lotatarpotssnd traps. . . Otter and muskrat traps Pannsella neta weirs Reef nets.. Spongeapparatos, hooks, water glasses, and div- Stop nets Trammel nets. Vakia. W heels and slides. Num- ber. Land, buildings, machinery, tools, implements, and all Used capital fur wMdi aep»- rate values are not given Oaah, bills receivable, onaattled re- hand, and sunMM ported above Total (B more than one blank is •Bedoatiortfaaaaaaa individ- 'I nal or company, the last two items may be reported on one ) Vatat. 2. PROPRIETORS, FIRM MEMBEBS, UHD INDEPENDENT FISHER- MEN: Number Uan^ af the iHopriatais 4 ibeis leportad almve] • iNombar. 3. gMiAKiro 4. WACT-XABMSBS (not indoding employees Nnmbar* IPotal amount Midin wages t Estimated cost of pnnriaioaa auppUed to employeea QUANTITY AND VALUE OF YEAR'S CATCH: R^MMrt all fishery prod- ucts, including: a()uatic mammals, reptiles, shellfish, sponges, etc., taken during the year. Give jthe name and^total ^uantitf ^d value of each sjgecies caught by each kind of i estimated, giro f isoaed. laolto Pounds. Value. S Pound*. Value. % Pounds. Value. % Pounds. Value. % - 1 Remarks:. APPENDIX. 301 VESSEL FISHERIES. [All vessel fisheries must be reported on this schedule. If packing houses or canneries are operated under the same ownership, a report should also be made on Schedule E E3-249. Shore and boat fisheries should not be inetaded in ttiis report, but should be reported on Sekadnl* BBIpM.] Name of company or individual for whom this report is made. Poat office (give city, street, and nnmbar) Oeanty State Mamarfvaaad Netl JbriHof port na act of WAsmrofoa, D. C., Jmrnmrg 4, 1909. of Tom 7. U06, aii tl wr i iea the Director of the Census, In I the Bureau of Fisheries, to take a census of the fishing industry The infRmstim returned on this schedule should cover the business year most nearly conforming to the year ending December 31, 1908. questions that require a fixed time, such as cash on hand and values of property, should be of the date of the beginning of the year covered by the report. AU SMWcr* wiUbeheld abtolute^ con/UaiM. No pahlleatfcm witt be made i> Ctnaw npacts diaelesbv ttie epeiMleiis of iBdifitarito ar ooi^^eBias in aa^ prtieaiar, mmi tta t ii ^m t Mn wMtt wui na^ /mmmmimi f rp a w i ftt tMA M wot given. The canvass will be made nntliT tiM wy > Hi a» af Mr. W. If. Maawt, ebiaf statistician for manuteotores. 8. X. I). XOETH, Director of tke OnwM. Extract from act of Ck>ngress, March 3, 1899: Section 22.— ♦ ♦ * "And every president, treasure', secretary, director, agent, or other officer of every corporation, and every establishment of productive industry, wtiether conducti'.i as a corporate body, limited liability company, or by private mdividuals, from which answers to any of the schedules, inquiries, or statistical interrogatories provided for by this act are herein required, who shall, if thereto requested by the Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special a^ent, will- fully neglect or refuse to give true and complete answers to any inquit ies authorised by this act, or diall willfiiUy give &lse infannation, aball be guilty of a ouidemauor . -r-* Trrrn rrr-'t'^ii .f-trrif ihall tin flinrl nnt umiaillmYiMi fimiiiiil ' " This Is to certify that the information contained in this schedule is complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, and covers tbe period from (in.., to. ,110... (MiMtara of special agent.) (Wgnnture of the person itbeiirfamrtiafc) Kech qoeation ahoold be iiiuiifnil, I flan be made, write the word "None." L CAPITAL INVESTED-OWNED AND BOBMnrBD: The answer must dww the total amountof capital, both owned and borrowed. All the items of flaeaaad Itvecaiiital may lie taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or bondlngB ara noted, or vessels are chartered, that fact should be stated and the value pvan. Tbe value of all items of live cartel, bills neaivabla. i» settled ledfsr aeooants, materials, products, and cash nm or AfTABAtos cm. (mmr.) Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. PommiM. Vaku. 1 1 d vatoeef jaer^naiab , TetaloaantitraD PACKING HOUSES AND CANNERIES. rEstablishmoits m^aged to the canning and preserving of fish and in the manufacture of fertiluer, oils, etc., from same must be reported on this schedule. If fishing operations are conducted tmder the same ownership, a report must also be made on the t ffbffd Blfl S Pt artiiiwl tat PfH iWlllwea N'essel fisheries must be reported on 8dbBirtSSn-4liMAAMSerMSt fisheries on Schedule ££1—247.] Nhbs of eempay ortocttTidaal apecating tbe eetablidnnent. . SUte County Location: City or village Street and No. Post office. , Oeneral office at ^ ttie aMne ownarabipandlocetedindiirerBnt be nperted aipocalafy.) WAsanNmnr, D. C, Jm Tbe act of Congnsi of June 7, U06» antoflciaas the Director of the _ eoeperstton wttti tbe Bmeao of Fiaharias, to talce a census of the fishing industry. The information returned on this schedule should cover the business yi ar most nearly conforming to the year ending Deceml)er 31 , 1908. AU questions that require a fixed time, sueh as cash on hand and values of popsrtlft AmM be sC the of the beginning of the year covered by the report. AU muwen will be held almluielf eenjMinWal. Mo pabHeatiaB wffl be mode In tbe eaons seports diadoaiog the opantions of individnala or companies in any pertinilar, m< tie (e/bneatfo* «UcabieaDd do answer 1. CAPITAL INVESTED, OWNED, AND BORROWED: The answer must abttw the tottl amount of capital, both owned and borrowed. All the items wttjmt mi Mn iMitlil iiisj III lull I n It till iiiiniiiiti frriril nn thr linnin If bad mt t uMbn are rented, flwt fact^shouid beatated wd the valiw gtvoi. Tb* Tahie of allitems of live « materials, products, and cash i «( bwtoMB year li^orted. BoiMInfs, wharves, machinery, tools, and implements CHh on haad, bills receivable, unsettled ledger accounts, raw mate* 1. PROPRIETORS AND FIRM MEMBERS: S ^ SALARIED EMPLOYEES: Number (dalBBied ttteta, oMoacen, clerks, etc) 4. WAGE-EARNERS. IN- INO P I B C E - WOEUSa: D* aaC iii- Average number enqtloyed Greatest number employed at any one time during tlieyear. Least number employed at any one time during the year. Total amount paid in wages doling the year. B. To obtain the average number employed during the year, take the average number eminrtd (Mk add. and divide by li Satariea and wages shookl ia- diideDoafdorRiitftanikhedaspartoompeunthio. Fofemen neodrtaiK irages aad performing work similar to that of the men over whom they have charge are to be reported as wage-earners. If books do not show the separate amount of wages paid tomcn. womeii, and chlldien, apporUoa the total wages for the year iq^ ue basis ft. nucsH nsH bbckivxd at tlamt. Caught by employees of company. If the quantity is not given in poimds, state specifically the unit of measure used. If number of cans is renorted. dve siie of cans, for example, "lialf-pound." "one- Remaps: r APPENDIX C INSTRlKrriONS TO SPECIAL AGENTS. GENERAL. In coofofinity with the act of Coi^reeB of June 7, 1906, the census of tito firidog industry is to be made by the Director of the Census in cooperation with the Commis8ioner of Fisheries. The object of this cooperation is to avoid a duplicate canvass and insiure uniform- ity aad ag ree n wBt in the repoiB of the two b ur e au a. To Buch a result and to minimize the work of correspondence, correc- tion, and revision, the utmost pains must be taken to obtain conect information for all branches of the investigation. The census is to be made under the immediate supervision of the chief statistician for manufactures, and all employees ei^jaged in field work must follow the instructions of that official. JMu9lrie$ and pmod coveni.—TiM camm must cover, in addititm to all varieties of seafood and fish products, shellfish, whales, seals, turtles, crabs, shrimp, alligators, and sponges. It will inchide also the pearl mussel fisheries of the rivers of the country. All com- mercial fishoies, vessels engaged in iiriiing, and veaida oigaged in transporting fish from the fishing grounds, which operate from the ports of the continental United States, Alaska, or Porto Rico, must be reported. Vends «ig^;ed in fisidi^ or tnasporting fiah for a portion of the year and in other woric for the remainder of the 12 months must be reported, and in such cases the report must cover the operations of the entire year. Vessek ei^^aged in tiansporting fish fnmi port to port as regular frei^t most not be reported. The census also covers the operations of establishments engaged in canning or preserving fish or in the manufacture of fertilizer, oil, etc., bom mm products. Dealors in fish products, dther whdeeale or retail, who are not also engaged in catching or in canning or preserving fish, should not be reported. It is difficult in many instances to separate the statis- tics lor the UMrcantile porticm at die indmtry, bat tbe Mkming rules should be applied whenever practicable: 1. When dealers in fish or fish products are also engaged in can- nii^ or preserving fish or in catchii^ fish, no attempt riiould be made to separate these statistics — the entire establishment should be included in the census report, except as provided in Rule 2. 2. If an establishment is engaged primarily in the purchase and sale ol fish or fish products and inddeotally in catdung Mt or in canning and preserving the same, the statistics for the mercantile portion should be s^^ated and the census report relate exclusively totiieflAing or canning and preserving tomch of tiie estabUshment. 3. In cases where the purchase and sale of fish or fish products is combined with the canning or preserving of fish or with catching fish, and a combined report is made, as indicated in Rule 1, the re- port must show separately the quantity ncttnd and ^ quantity and value of products disposed of in conaectjoD wilh the uiMilenle or retail branch of the establishment. 4. The freeaing of fhh or tiie bracking of oysters when done by merchants is consid^ed as a portion of the mercantile business and should not be reported . If the same establishments are engaged in tte catching of fish or the canning and preserving of the same, the ■latistics for the entire olahiiAmwit Aoold be iaeiaded, as indi- cated in Rule 1. For census purposes the term "commercial fishery" includes all fishing operKtfoBScmducted for profit— i. e., for the sale ol the catdi, but it does not include the operations of individuals, cMbi^ etc., catching fish lor theax own ooneunptMA or for sport The census reports must cover the year ending December 31, 1906, or the fishing seaeoaidiidi most nearly confonuB to ^ calen- dar year. The fishing seasim covers different periods in different sections of the country and the reports must be prepared to meet local conditions. The poiod covered by each report must be given on tiie title-page of tfce adbedule. Daily reports and correspondence. — The canvass will be made by the regular employees of the Census Office and the employees of the Bureau of Fisheries detailed for this purpose. Each employee detailed for field work must make a report on a form provided for this purpose for every day on which lie is ac tually emj)loyed. At the close of each day the daily report must be forwarded by regis- tered mail in tbe letum penalty enrdope addreseed to the DiveetQt of the Census. Day's work. — The relative efficiency of each employee engaged in field work will be determined by the number and completeness of the sdiedules secured, and ea^ daily report must nooQant for the work of the day. Inquiries concerning schedules or fmther in- structions must be made by letter and not on the daily rqport forms. Employees must give sufficient notice of the date they will complete the district to which they are assigned, so that, if neoessHry, tiiegr may be assigned to other territory' without loss of time. Schedules. — Fishing and the allied industry of packing and can- ning will be reported on the Mlemng sdiedules: Schedule EEl-247.— To be used in reporting shore or boat fidi- eries. If shore or bo£t fisheries are conducted in connection with vessel fidieries or witii canneries or packing houses, reports should also be made on schedules EE2-248 and EE3-249. If it is necessary to make the report on two or more schedules, care should be taken that no amounts are duplicated. The vast majority of the reports will be prqiared on sdieddes EEl-2(7 and EB2-2I8. Schedule EE2-248. — To be used in reporting fisheries conducted with vessels which have been documented. As indicated by the schedule, it was designed for the purpose of securing a separate re- port for eadi vessel. If several vessels are opesatod under the SHM ownership and it is impracticable to obtain a separate report for each, a consolidated report may be made on one blank covering the catch ly of provisions, fuel, bait, etc., several times a year. Care should be •taken that the answer does not show the value of only one complete outfit for the re&xA. It is bdieved (hat the lirt of i^paiatus given on the schedule will cover practically all the kinds in general use. Nevertheless, blank lines have been added, and if the agent finds any apparatus in use that is not included in the list, he should report it on one of tihese lines and riiould, in addition, give a genenl description of the apparatus under "Remarks," with a diagram, if necessary. If shore and vessel fisheries are carried on under the same ownership, it will be necessary to fill out more ttanmie blank, but it is not necessary to divide the value of ihofe and acoeanay property and cash, etc. The value of these items may be reported on any one schedule and reference to that schedule made on the other schedules. In some states private or cultivated oyster beds are leased for a term of years or actually owned by the operators. This, howevw, is not the universal ptactioe, and as it will be impoorible to obtain the total value of all oyster beds, this item mart aat be ini4witd im the values reported for answer to inquiry 1. Proprietors, firm members, and independent fishermen. — Stock- bidders -8tere, clams, etc., inb«Aels. When oysters are reported, a etate- nent should be made showing whether tiiey were taken from public or from private beds. The quantHieeandireiMsofaMiketaBd seed oysters must be reported separately. The prices of fish and fish products vary greatly, according to the or the state of the market. Agents must familiarise them- I wUk ttw prices prarai&ig in the sectkm of the country in _ they are employed, and in every instance check the quanti- and values reported so as to verify the average price and see •MtitkinbannonytntbMtaaleoBditiknw. In ceseo where ftking epMliaM Me conducted in ccnnection ^v-ith a packing house or cannen.-. the two operations being carried on by two different sets oi anpioyees, the entire catch of fresh fish should be reported on TT*^r**» tat **Y9ma fttrrir«" or "Shore snd boat fisheries," m flie r^Mw may be, and the products of the packing house or cannery diottld be reported on the schedule provided for the pur- pose. Hie two schedules shonU be etiMhed to eMdiodier when _ito AeoflSce. In cases where fi.-^hermen salt or smoke a part of their catch, the employees being engaged in both the fishing and the salting «r Mskiiv, Ihe entire report AmM be aede on a sdiedule ior *'Shafe and boat fidimes " or for "Vessel fisheries, ' ' as the case may be In such cases each kind of fieh caught by each kind of apparatus should be reported in the condition it wee when It kit the iriicr^ MB'bbMdB-^ example, "frarii cod," "salted cod," or"smoked herring." If the fishermen are employed in connection with a y, the fish will leave their hands fresh, and should be reported ay. HlkeysdtarsmQk»ftpHteraneftheircatdi,^iiBh should be reported as they leave their hands; that is to lav. as s;ilted or smoked. In reporting fresh fish the weight before being cleaned, commonly known as "mmd weight," riloald be When it is necessary for the fisherman to estimate the quantity and value oi the catch, the total quantity and the total value should ttantaon of ^ infanumt called to anA entries the sdiedule is signed. In reportins a transporting vessel, it is of course unnecessary to answer the question relating to the catch. H ii intention in Maasachuaetta and in the laternins of the Rappahannock. Blub coo. — See Cultus cod. in Lake Michigan; also called "blackfin." BuxxnaH {Fomatomui taltatrix). — very gamy food fi^ found «Bfk»AtlntieaBd€Ndfea«lB. OBlk«eoMtofftiieNeirBiiglHid tmi Middle states it is called "bluefiah;" in Rhode Island, "horse- mackerel :"j». — See Homed po«t. Burbot (Lota maculosa) .—A fresh-water fish found in most of the and streams in the northern part oi the United Stataa. Sa pout," "dogfish," "chub-eel," "freah-water cod," "mother «l eels, " "aleby trout, " etc. It reaches a length of 30 inches. BuTTEBFisH {PoTonoiut triacaiUhwt). — ^A. food fidi found, on tha Atlantic coai* Iran Maine to Fktida. It is called "butterfish" in Massachusetts and New York, "harvest-fiah " in New Jersey, "doUar- fiah" in Maine, "sheepshead" and "skipjack" about Cape Cod, "pumpki^fledl" in OoBMdiettt, and '^ahidUi* at Notfolk. It haa an a^fgt lnjai at 7 to • tWhw^ maA ia i M^ht in teiii|» aad pounds. Cabbilla. — A name applied indiscriminately to several serranoid ishea of the amrthem coast train and Salvador. CuNKER. — See Chogset. CusK {Brosme hrosme). — ^A deep-wator InnH ftJf fomwi »*f Art^-- tic Ocean north of Cape Cod. CuTTLB-nsH ( ( \ phaU)po4a).--iUankB food in large nnadwn all along the coast. The "common squid, " "octopus, " "calamary, " "sea arrow, " etc., are different species found in particular localities. They are caught in &h pounds, seines, weirs, and tEawla,and with fishhooks; large numbers are also taken by driving them on Aon 1^ "torching." Some are caught with a peculiar arrangement of hooks called a "squid jig. " Different species vary in l^igth froM a few inches to 50 fe^ llkqrarsiBqMttairtasabaitforaMayiMefBl fish and a.s fondn»i^|h> color) and are of great interest to anglers. Ckaar waaLa (JUaeft ia na rtu jj a awM) .— -A hage whale fnnad rieag the Pacific coast; also called "devilfish," "hard-head," "gray back," "rip sack," "mussel digger," etc. It avenges 35 or 40 feet in length, and is captured for its oil and baleen. Green turtle {Chelonia midas). — ^This turtle is foimd on the coast from Long Island Sound to Florida and along the Gulf coast. In the di^erent localities it varies in size, from 8 pounds at Beaufort, N. C^, to 1,000 pomida at Cedar Keys, Fk. The terii ct this turtle fofnai the basis of the well-known turtle soup; the eggi are valuable for food and for the oil they yield. A cloaely leh^ed Wptdet ia found on the coast of southern California. Oanaa. — ^A young salmon on its first return to fresh water, usually in its second year of life. It then weighs from 2 to O^powada, fad ia of great value as a food fish. See Salmon. Gnovmt (Epimgpkdmy.—A. food fiah foond off the south Atbatic coast and in the OalL The different q>ecies are known as "red grouper, " " brown snapper," red-bellied snapper, "" black grouper, ' ' "jewfiah," "Warsaw," "spotted hind," "banded grouper," "rock- fish," etc. They TBry in size greatly, the" jewfiflh" exceeding 100 pounds. All are caught with hook and line. The name ' ' grouper " ia alao applied to the rock cod of southern California and to the triple- tafl of tiie St. Johna Bimr. Grunt.— The name of several small Exmulidx quite common of? the south Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and sometimes found on the California coast. Different species are known as "black grunt," "led^nooth grant," "flaanelnaoiithed poigy," "pigfidi," *'hag- fid»," "sailor's choice," "sargo," "pork-fish," etc. All are caught with hook and line and are valued as food fish. They make a pecul- iar grunting noise when takm out of tiie water. Haddock ( Melanogrammiu ttg i ^fin tu ). — A food fish found ia the Atlantic north of the Delaware capes; called "dickie" in some localities. It averages in weight from 4 to 6 pounds. It is exten- rively caai^ for a tnA food fidi, and is also salted, pkUed, and dried, mien slack-salted and smoked it is sold under the name of "haddie.*' The sounds are used in the manufacture of glue. Tmwls and hand lines are need in catching tfaem. Hake ( Urophycis). — Not true hakes. A food fish found off the Atiantic coast fitom Kewfoundlaad to O^te HatteiM Diffemt APPENDIX 311 species are known as "old English hake," "squirrel hake," "white hake," "Hng," "king hake," "codling," etc. Ihey are often pre- pared under the trade name of "boneless fish." Theyaverage from li to 2 feet in length and 3 to 8 pounds in weight, and are caught near muddy bottoms with trawls and hand lines and in weirs and trapH. They are eaten fresh, and are salted and dried, and pickled in barrels. The sound, or air bladder, is of great commercial importance in the manufacture of isinglass. The name is also I4>piied to the kingfiah (MenHeminu muntait) on the coast ncr^. HoRKBD POUT {Ameiwrua nebuloms).—^ catfish found in the fresh waters of the Eastern, Northern, and Southern states, and in California. It is also called " bull-head, " "bull-pout, " " minister, " etc. It averages about 12 inches in length and IJ pounds in weight. HoaNar-aa^n.— A small dace (Ilybopsis kentuckiensis), found rfwindantly in rivers from New York to Alabama and in the West. Horsefish.— 5e« Blunt-nosed shiner. The name ia also^ffisd to the sauger (Stizoatedion canadense). Horsetoot.— A local name f.>r tli^- hiTscshw- crab or king crab. Horse-hackerbi. ( Thynnui Oiyunus),—The largest of the mack- erel family, found called "Mack sea-bass." The name is altw applied to the black grouper (Garrupa nigrita) in Florida and Texi|s^ and to tile tarpon {Tarpon atlanticu^) in Georgia and Florida. JVKKL ( Caranx c/iryso8).~A. food fish found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is known about Bmuso^ as "juiel" and "haid- tail;" along the Florida cast as "jack-fish" and "skipjack;" in South Carolina as the " horse crevall^; " at Fort Macon as the ' ' horse- mackerel; " and about New York and oa the coast of New Jersey as the "yellow mackerel." They meaaare from 12 to 18 iaehea ia length, and are caught in seines. Killer whale '^Orca orcaj.—A whale from 15 to 30 feet loiig that abounds in both the AtJantic and Pacific Oceuis, but is selcfoin captured. The Makah Indian.s of Washington consider them choice food. The jaws, studded with strong, conical teeth, are sold aa curfodties. King crab. — See Horseshoe crab. KiNOFisH {Mentkirrhns saxatilis).—^ food fish found ©n the coasts of the Middle and South Atlantic states, and occasionally on the Gulf coast. It is caUed "hake" in New Jetsey, "tomood" in Connecticut, "black mullet" in the Chesapeake, "sea mink" ia North Carolina, and "whiting "in the South. AlaoaooMawaaaaM for the cero (Seombero m onu eavalla). Kino salmon.— .Scf Quinnat. , Ladyfi.sh (Alhutd lulpcsK—A fish of wide distribution in tem- perate and tropical wat«rs; found on the Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Cod, in the Golf of Mexico, and on the Fhdfic coast to San Diego. On account of its beautiful ookr it aaUtna^ly; hatiaaot much esteemed as a table fish. Lakx hbbrino. — See Cisco. Lake trout (Cristivomer nornqFoial).— The treat fbuid in the Great Lakes and in the smaller lakes of the Northern states. In different localities the individuals vary greatly in color, size, and diape, and are known by tiM local names "salnum trout, " "namay- cush," "togue," "tohMii," "Mackinaw trout," "lake aalaMNi," "black trout," "reef trout," "toage^" etc. The "daooa«t" ii another variety of this species. Lamprey {Petromyzonid»).^A. fidi of fittle ooauaerdal value, found in neariy all the fresh and brackish waters of the United States. It is also known by the names "lamper eel," "nine-ey«u" Lant (AmmodyUs americanus).-~A small fish found (Ml tha north Atlantic co^t, probably as far south aa ^^Tylnnfi, and A. jainiidai iis FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, 1908. in Gtlifornia and Alaoka. It is also known as the "sand eel " and **flaid-Jaiice,' ' because it frequently imbeds itself in the sand. The Ling.— A local name given to the hake ( Urophycis) in the Gulf of St. LAvreoceaiidsoath ti3>uted thiiiii^oiit the n(»th Atlantic, ranging on the coast as far I Bay. The avenge weight is about 5 pounds. '. value, Init on acuwuit ef ili Iffi^t colon is in the markets. ILiCKERSt, (Scomber tcombrus). — A very important food fish, in the north Atlantic south to Cape Hatteras. They range 1 9 to 18 iMkea Jb haglk aad I to S poiadi !■ weii^t, and are It in purse seines, pounds, weirs, gill nets, etc., and with hook Tbiej are aold fresh, salted, pickled, and canned, and are for Wit Bnall mntikeni ave known aa "spikes" (3 to 6 inches long), "blinkers" (7 to 8 inches long), and "tinkers" (9 inches long). See Atka nackenl, Spaaiah aaackard* duib ■arkf If 1, horse-mackerel. Mammomuu.— &e Ydkfwtafl. Maxatbb ( Tridiedins latirostris) . — A eirenian found on the Florida coaat in vcfj amail numbers; also called "searcow." They are Im f to 8 ImI ka^ airf aiw eam^t in rope nets and witfi apean and lavdins. On account of their scarcitj they have become very TaluableaaapaeiMM. Pwytoealwwifurtediato food, oil, and loathe. Minaiu I— ( J T a iwl B H e H u m ).— A gnat faoud in BcmAen Florida; known also aa "porgy," "market-fish," etc. The largest aaaaure about 16 inches in length. They are cau^t mostly bait, lofttoaoMulaeaBlkerarofloM ieriood. ManKKT-nsH. — See Margate-fish. Masshbahkes. — See Menhaden. Mattowacca {DcroKma cepedianum). — A poor food fish found on Ae Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Florida, ascendii^ riven. It is called "hickory shad" and "hicks," particularly in the South; **tailor ahad," "tailor herrii^," and "fresh-water taUor" in the IMmuc; aad "fonraner** and "M herring " in eone rivers, in allusion to the time of its run and that of the "white shad." It 1 12 to IS indiea in length and 2 to 3 pounds in weight. LViiA (JMMmm ealffbniKnsM).— An excellent food fish found on the Galifomia coast south of Point Conception; also called "half-moon." Itiwdina wi^tflt oiSof 4>ew^Mid of about a foot. C IM »i ww i M) .— A Ml el tihe hanii^ fwiriiy, 1 along the Atlantic seaboard from Maine to Florida, smnetimes aa hrackinh wat« exteada. It is known by a great tte BMeC oaouBon being "pogy," "hard- 'hard-head shad," "bony fish," "whitefish," "moss- hunker," "bunker," "cheboy," "marshbanker," "alewife," "old- wiie," "eUwile," "pilcher," "green-tail," "bug-fish," "bug-ahad," "bug-head," "fat-back," "yellowtail," "shiner," "herring," etc. The average length is 10 to 12 inches; average weight two-thirds ^jfaMaM»t) at Lake Vincent; "white perch" toasurf-fi?h {Phanerodon furcatus) on the California coast; to a bass ( Morone americana) on the Atlantic coast; to the freah-water drum (Aplodinotus grunnieru) in the (Hiio River; and "yellow perdi" to tiie perch (Pena Jlavescen*). Periwinkle. — A common name for the sea snail (LiUorina) and whelk (Fulga), which are used for bait and sometimes for food on the n(«th Atlantic coaat. It alao oonatftatn a laige portian of tin food supply of various fishes. PiCKEBEii (Esox reticulatiu). — ^A food fish found in streams and ponda alimg tiie Atfamtic coast from Ibine to Alaham B in the Southern states it ia usually called "jack." It marhca a wu%ht of 7 or 8 pounds; averages about half as much. The name "pickerel" is also applied to the true pike {Etox burnt) in the upper lakn; to the "wall-eyed pike" { Stit M bO h ni vitreum) in Lake Erie and Saginaw Bay; and to the sauger (Stvios- tedion canadense). The wall-eyed pike {S. vitreum) ia also called "yellow pickerd" about Lake Erie. The brook pickerels (E. americamis and E. vermiculatus) are found, respectively, along the Atlantic coast and in the Mississippi Valley, "flalt pifkanil'' and "medium pickerel" are trade names. Ftotmi.— -A name applied to the genua OrtftoirufM of die hmdly of grunts, found on the southern coast. Pike {Esox ludu*). — ^A food fish found in the Great I^akes rt^on; abo called "pickerd." It is distinguished from allied specieti by ita color, which is uniform brox^-n, green, ( >r black, withnumeroua don- gate white blotches upon the sidcp. It averages 4 to 8 pounds in weight. They are caught with hook and Une and in gill nets and pound nets. The name "pike" ia also appHed to the wall-eyed pike or pike perch (Stizostfdion vitreum) in the upper lakes, and to the Sacramento pike (Ptjfchocheilus oregonensis) in the Columbia and Sacramento Bivers. "Gray pike," "sand pike," "ground pike," etc., are names for the sauger (Stizo$teiion eanadenti). Pike perches {Stizosledion vitreum and S. ranadense).— The "wall-eyed pike" (S. vitreum) otherwise known as "glass-eye," "pike perdi,**"yeaowpike,""dory,'* and "blueplke''ontheGfeat Lakes; as "salmon," "jack," "okow," "blowfish," and "green pike " in other localities. It is found in the large streams and jK)nds east of the Missouri; it is an excellent food fish and may reach a weight of 20 pounds. The sauger or sand-perch (8. emaieiue) ia smaller and less important as a food fish. It is especially abundant in the Great Lakes, but extends to Montana, Tennessee, and Pilot-fish {Naucrates duetor).—k pelagic fish of no economic importance, and seldom taken on our coast. It is about 12 inchee long, and is generally found in the company of ships and sharks. Pinkish. — See Sailor's choice. Plaice.— A flat fish found on both eoaali.of America. The win- ter flounder (Pteudopleuronectet ameriamau) ia a common food fish of New Ebig^nd. Otfier tfpedee are known aa "ruaty-dab," "eel- back flounder," "craig-fluke," "pole-flounder," "flukes" on the Atlantic coast; as "great starry flounder," "slippery sole," etc., on the Pacific coast. See Flounder. The true plaice {Pleuronectet platessa) is a E urope an apedea not found in American watam. Pogy.— A name applied to the menhaden (Brevoorlia) tyrannut north of Cape Cod, to the mwufish {Chxtodiplerus faber) and the acup (Stenolomiu dtrysops) along the southern coast, and to the aurf-^Sflh {Damalifhthys argyrotomus) on the coast of Oregon. Pollack (Pollachius iirens).—A food fish of importance, found mainly off the New England coast. It sometimes occurs as far south aa Viigink. The average weif^t ia about 10 pounda. They am caught with seines, nets, and hand lines. For food they are sold fresh, salted, and dried. The sounds are used in the manufacture of g^Nie, die liven are aold in large quantitaea fiar the manubcture of oil, and the tongues are cut out and sold fresh. PoMPANO, or Pampano (Trachinotus carolimis) .—An excellent food fish, found on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to the Gulf, being vety nn a amw i en the Florida ceaUr They avenge 8 to 10 S14 FiaHKRIKS OF THE UNIi:£D STATES, 1906. ^«*»^l«^«^lte«P«»iBiiiw«|ght. Other apecieB found on our eastern coast are the "old-wife," or "gaff-topflailpompano;" the "round pompano," or "Indiaa River permit;" the "permit" «r "great pompano, " wUA it frequently not distingniahed from the "cOTunon pompano " ( T. carolimts) by the fishermen. Tkepi^py- iah {Palovifta simillima) is ■»«i*^^t '1 tim **GhliiyaM fOHlpMM." It ia a delicate food fish. Bmmb, or Fmst.— A mmm gbm to AaavMA (DamalidUhyg •fv^tMOOTu.»^ in Oregon and Washington; to the moonfidi {Chxtodip- tmmtJmUr) at Beaufort, N. C; to the scup {StenoUmm dirysops) in ••^ YaA aad »Vm% ^ soothem ooait; to the sailor's choice (Lago- 4m rftomioidb) in the St. Johns BKw aai «t CMbr Mmf^ aad to weral sparoids of the Gulf. Pork-fish (Anisotremu* virginicut). — See Grunt. PbMown (Ptoemm m wainwii ) .— A eetoemioNnd otttteaovA Atlantic and north Pacific coasts, ascending liwa. It is known as "harbor porpoise," "hening-hog," "puffer," "snuffer," "snuffing pig.' eto. Iti«Mtealaigtiiof4or5feet. They are captured in ponds, seines, and macknel gill nets. They are not and fc» ibod, but an oil is obtained from their jaws which is much used for me- chanical purposes. The skin is tanned and made into leadier. The ■•^••PfiM wAerfBdHwriMiiiatdy to many dolphins. Prawn. — Str Shrimp. PinvKiN-SBBD.— A name applied to the sunfish {Eupomotis gib- ^ fcwois of Heir York and New England, and to the battofirii (Poronotat tmenUhm) in Connecticnt. QrAHACG ( Vemts mtr<-enaria).—\n edible clam, found very abim- daniiy from Cape Cod to Florida. It is also called "hard clam," "iiM i i l MS , *"* ! ! J l ■ »ii, ***«litd»ascit,**ste. They are gathei^ by rakinir. QuEEX-nsH {Serifku* politu»).—A small M fish of excellent quality fcnd on Am I^Mnfic coast south of Tomales Bay. It is also called "kaifirii." The average wei^t is about half » pooatl. QriLi -BACK . — A aadbar {Jdrnktu vti^fr) fawid ahMidaal|y im. tbe Miasaasippi Valley. QramaT (OiMarifiMiM taAswyfaiAa). — The species of the salmon family m".stly used for canning. It is found on the Pacific coast torn Monterey northward. It is also called "chinook salmon," **Vmgmhmm^" "Columbia River salmon," "salmon," etc. The averase weiirht is 16 to 22 poudb. R.»cER.— .\ shad that has spawned and is lean and worthless. Rat (^otz).— Agomal name given to a large group of fishes found mwMmm eoarti. TWey are also caBei '^Aatas," "torpedoes," •^vil-fishes." etc. They ■ nw iil iwn attain an enormous we, ■BBMiiiitg 3 feet across the back and 10 feet in length. They are esm^ OB tiswb and in seines, and some are used for food; oil is •biained from the livers of some, aad tk» ifci* hmMtians aHnnifac- tured into leather called "shagreen." Razor-shbll {Ensi* directiu).—A long, slender clam which is a CHHSB toftikteirt 9i and ban and aaad flats in New England whan tiba water is pure. It is also called "lazor-fish," "naor- dui." "kmfe-handle," etc. It is sometimes used for food, and its AalbMtiaold for ornaments. The California lazor-diell is a differ- —t speci sB { Sol en tieariuM). ''channel-basa.*' ^ w REDm>-A SHW wffKiKi ttv 0HHMa Afaw {JftinfiB Mf»> KuRBH (Scuenopi oeeUattu).—!. A much-esteemed food fiah kMi SBlka coast from Gape God to the lUoGiaade. Itiscom- ■Mnly known as the "red drum." In Chesapeake Bay and south to Gape Hattecasit is caUed the "drum;" in the Carolinas, Florida, Hi «• e«l^ "spotted bass," «W bass," "sea bass," "reef bas?. ' and "channel bass;" in Florida and tbe OoK stotes, "sedfiah" and "red horse; "and at various places, "spot." Itgrows to a length o< 5 feet or more and a weight of 75 pounds; average hmmk^jr"^ toliH wkk qieaa, giU nets, and 2. The redfisii of Califwnia (Pimelometopon pulcher) is found from Point Conception to Cerros Island. It i* rulhd "fnt Iwwd ** iurf "sheepshead." It reaches a weight «f 12 to 1ft peodi^ bvtiiMta valuable food fiah. 3. TfcebhiebaA salmon (Qiicpr ty wd his iieria) "red- fish " in the upper Columbia and in Alaska. 4. The redfish (Sebattodet meUmops). A food fish found from south oaat turn Alaska to Galifomia. It is also known as "red cod," "rediockfi8h,"etc. SmBoekUk. Red HORSE. —1. A name applied to several species of suckers found in the waters of the West and South. Tboy are all poor food 2. The redfish (Scisenopa ocellatus) of Florida and the Gulf, Bmd snaffss {Lutianus aya).—A valuable food fish found off the Florida coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. It attains a weight of 40 pounds, but averages only about half aa MOck. It fa cat^it wift hand lines, and is sold fresh. Roach {Semotilus corporalit).— The largest chub found east of the Rocky IfoDBtains. It fa abundant in the streams of the New Eng. land and Middle states east of the Alleghenies. Also called "fall- fish," "chub," "dace," etc. It reaches a length of 18 inches, but is ci no special importance as a food fish. A local name for the spot (Leiostomut xuiAmnu) in the Chesapeake region. Robin. — A name applied to the Milov'e *r*Hrff*t {LtffiMi lim^ boides) about Cape Hatteras. Rock. Stt Steiped beaa. Rock bass {Ambloplitesrupmlri$).—A. small food fish everywhsw abundant in lakes, ponds, and huger streams throughout the Great Lakes r^on and the Mississippi Valley. It is called "rock baas'* in the Lake region and "goggle-eye" and "red-eye" iuthersei^ It seldom exceeds li pounds in weight. The name is also given to the sea baas {Centropistes striatuM) at New Bedford, Maaa., and to several other senaaoid ftihes of tiw ^Miifle coast. Rock cod. — See Rockfish. RocKFisH (^corpamid*).— These fish are caught in enormous quantities on the Piacific coast, especially from Santa Barbara to San Francisco. There are a large number of species, known to the fishermen as "priest fish," "rock cod," and "rockfish," with many qualifying prefixes, as "black," "black-banded," "brown," "grass," "green," "orange," "red," "yellow," "yeUow-backed," "yellowtail,"etc.; also called "garrupa," "grouper," "seorpene," "aculpin," "scorpion," "tree-fish," "flyfish," "coiaair," "Spanish flag," "seina," "Wackbesa," "jack," "tomcod," "boccaccio,"etc. They average 1.5 inches in length and 2 or 3 pounds in weight, bat some reach a length of 3 feet and a weight of 12 pounds. They are caught in seines and with hook and line. The name is also applied to the striped baas (Roceus lineatus) aloa^ tiie ft^imtity coast; to the groupers (Epinephelus) about Key West Md il(h» CKdf «i MmIm* to the log perch {Percina caprodes). Rock tbovt (Be3Utgnmmoi).—A group of fiahes ecies are of small size. Scup (Stenotomua chrysops). — This fish is found along the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to South Carolina; abundant North. Common local names are "scuppaug," "paugy," "porgy," "pogy," "fair maid," etc. They are caught in pounds and traps and with hook and line. Sea 'bass (Centmprhtes stria tun k — .\ food fish found from Vine- yard Sound to the eastern part oi the Gulf of Mexico. It is known south of Gape Hatteras as the "bhMddfah;" in the Middle statee as "black Will," "bbck Harry," and "hannahills;" about New Bed- ford and Newport as ' ' bluefish ; " and at New Bedford also as ' ' rock base." The average length in New England ia about 15 indies; average weight, 1^ pounds. In the South they are much smaller, averaging about three-fourths of a pound in weight. They are caught with hand lines and in pounds and traps. The white sea- basi (Cynoaeiim noMit) fa found on the FlMtte esast fawn Oape Mendocino to San Diego. It is an importaat food iA, aad averagee 15 pounds in weight. The redfish (Sdanopa oeattrts) fa called "sen bass" in the Carolinas,' Florida, and the Gulf. 8ttar«LEFHANT (Mirounga angustirostris). — A marine mimwl, 12 to 14 feet long, found on the Pacific coaat. The oil Is f)f com- mercial value, and the tongues are sometimes salted and used for food. Sba HBBBoro.— The common herring (Oliepss har mtfm) ef the north Atlantic. Sea-hobse {Hippocampus kudaoniut and U. ingem). — ^A curious fish found on the eastern coast south of Cape Cod and on the Facille coast. Few specimens are taken, and they are sold for curiosities. Seal {PinnipedUi). — The seal tribe embraces the walrun, eared seals, and earless seals. They are found in the northern part of the Atlantic aad FKificOceaaaaadia the Arctic Ooaaa. Ihejraie cap- tured for their oil, skins, aad teh. The fur ami iahsry fa the saost important. See Fur seal. Sea-lion {Eumetopias jubata). — ^A seal found on the I^Kific coast from the FaraUone Islands to the Pribifof Islands. The males are about 15 feet Ions, and weigh about 1,000 pounds; the females are about half as large as the males. They are killed with guns and lances, and are used by the natives for food, <^ leather, etc The California sea-lion {Zethpkm etiifenuanua) fa fonad on the ChB- fomia coast from San Diego to Saa Francisco. Sea robin (Prionotus carolinut). — This fish is found along the eastern coast south of Cape Cod. They are also called "gurnards," "wing-fish," "sea bat," etc. They attain a length of 15 to 18 inchee and a weight of about a pound. The name is also applied to the toadiah (Opsonwr feu) in the Gulf . Sea shad. — Small immature shad that feed about bays and the mouths of rivers during the summer after the ascent Oqw Ood, to the Mi- water drum (Aplodinotu* grunniens) in the Great Lakes, and to the re^h {PtrndometopoH ptddur) south of Point CknceptkB, CUi- a^rswoM.— The hj^h i l grade of Florida rnwi i w ^if i B i apa^ts. 9^nM.—A common name applied to the red fin (Notropis comu- *■) few New England to Kansas and Alabama; to the menhaden i i m) M uu i Uhium flwide; te tt the nrf-fthea {Embiotoridsr) on the Pacific coast; and to the sailor's choice (Lago- rkomboida) about Cedar Keys. The blunt-nosed shiner {Selene mmm^ ia m eriM abeat Hew York and Naixagansett Bay. The goldoi riiiner (Ahmak dhpMlNMMi) k ImhmI hi tte sUma «Mt «f the Great Plains. SmniF.— A decapod crustacean found in laige numbera on all earcMiieBdin—y h i l i i w rtMB . ThewMllmgdiienboatS inches, but some attain a larger size. They are caught in iap Mt^ puEse nets, etc., and are used for food and bait. Prawns aie gSMr- •Dy luger tten Arimps, (rftan attaining a length of 7 inchcn, SiLVKsm. — See Tarpon. SiLTEK HAKE (Merlwxiug bilinearig)—This fish is found on the Athntic coaA north ot Viiginia. It is also caUed "New England ^itiag." The svwigehnsA^l foot. ItlecMii^iB weirs, nets, and with hand lines, and is used for Utod and bait. ScTaa eipaa {AtkenHidx).—A small food fish, found along the Aikalie Md Vhdfle comIb. Different species are known as "sand smelt," "green smelt," "anchow," "merit4ih," "andiaii/* "Ckhiank areelt,*' "little smelt," "brit," etc. Thaj Wi^i hm 7 to IS ia^es in length and are caught in seines. teniaaa.-— IjageaMhwwwMdi^rearecrlsMMttDehiiBn, sadi as manatees, sea-cows, etc.; ioaad ia "Wtim SSM. SiecowKT.— ^ee Lake trout. Skilfish (Arioplopoma fimiria).—A common food fish from Una- laaka to Mooterqr. It is also kaowa m "bsdMre," "ooaliih," sad "hfcefc cod." fcirjACE.-A local name applied te the d#pcr (AcestlrsKKr Manu) akmg the Atlantic and Gulf coasts; to the inland alewife i^mmuluitu ekrjftoeUorit) in the MissisBippi Valley from the Great *• hhwUBh (AMNctosna taUatrix) south of Cfe Hatteras; to the bonito (Sarda dnlensis) on the Ihdftc eosst; to the tanner {Elagalit bipinnulatus) about Key West; to the butter- iA (Fmtmoiu* triacanthus) about Cape Cod; to the cutlass-fiah ( TVicktMrws kptmuM); to the jnrel (Oaaax dhysre) ^^ mt g the «Mt Flr^da coast; and te the Isalhsr jechst (Olif n^fclii s— nar) m the Atlantic coast. IfcwW MSi —A a aa i esp iil ie d to thehlasdah about New York. Smelt {OstMnu mordca).—A very choice load fidi found on the At h nric coast from Virginia to the St. Lawrence and landlocked in wmmy New England lakes. Also called "American smelt" and •fcstfiah." When ssat to mariket aafc ea ua Ihsjr are known as " green " smelts. The average length is 8 to 10 inches. The Pacific ■Belt (O. tkaieiAO^t) is found from San Francisco to Alaska. The (Ifai/iii jinrfism) Is Isaad hem Mcnterey to Alaska. The eulachon or candlefish ( Thaleichthys pacificus) is an excellent food fish found from the Columbia River to Skagway, where it ia called "smelt." Some ol the sihrenides (illltrMfc) are wrongly called "smelts;" this is especially true of Atherinopsis cali/orniensia, which is widely known as "smelt," "blue smelt," and "Galifonua Smolt. — A name applied to an iaMHtare mtmrm whan it has become a uniform bright silvery color. Smaiters (Lutianid3e).—The red snapper {Lutiantu aya) is the most important of there iahes. ItisahfgeMi,ht«htradiaoolar, and is found from Long Island southward, but is most abundant oa the coasts of Georgia, Florida, and the Gulf states. The gray snap- per or maagiweflHqpper (L. ffnaetu), also known in Florida as "law- yer," is a most common species. The mutton snapper (L. nnsKt), the dog snapper, or jocu (L. jocu), the schoolmaster, or caji (L. apodtu), the silk snapper {L. vivaniu), the lane snapper ( L. tynagrit), are all fishssoHood mahw rniaaiuii ia the West ladies aadsoatfMm Florida. The red grouper {Ephinepheltu mono) is called "brown snapper" aad ^'red-bellied aai^ipar'* hi Florida; the roeefish (8eba»te$ mar- . tfiTu) is called "snapper" on the North Atlantic coast; the blacMl (Pomatomus saltatrix) is called "snapper" and "blue snapper" on flie New England coast; and the cod that live near the shore away from the ledges are called "black sasppM S .** Sole (5o^^a?).— The American sole, or hog-choker (Achinitftif. euitus) is common from Boston to Galveston. See FlouiMier. 8RAasM.*~iAir liCooiiABh. Spanish mackerel {Scomheromorue maculatus). — ^A very choice food fish found on the Adantic coast south of Cape Cod and in the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. The average length is about 20 inches; average weight about 3 pouads. InOaiifaniiatheliiaitwey Spanish mackerel {S. concolor) is a most excellent food fish. Hm^ are caught on troll lines and in gill nets and pound nets. The eavaOa (8. cbssIIb) is a West Indisa species, but often takea in small numbers on the southern New England coast. It is also known as "kingfish." The name "cere" m often apfdied to tht Spannh mackerel. Speckled tbout (^SoZveiiRMtybafiNalii).— An eaweOent food fish found in cold lakes and streams of the Atlantic watershed, in the headwaters of the Mississippi, and in the Great Lakes region. It is ^ ^awrif s n **hreBk treat.** ThoTBietediflvBvchmsiBeand qqwnance in different r^ioms. ItisoargaHi8BtMk,Midiig«Mi^ al^ caqgjht with hook and line. The rainbow trout (Salmo irideus) of California and the Dolly VsrIsb trout (Salvelinus malmm) of the aM MM t ^ if are sameliaMi known as "speckled trout." Spebic whale {PhyaeUr macrocephaltu).~One of the most valu- aUe of tike whales; foasdiabolh ecie8 (Caulolatilns princeps) is also known as the "white» fi[ah " and ' ' blanquillo." The AUantic q>eeiea (Lopholatilus cAom»> teonticept) is abundant at the edge of tiw €Kdf alMaB aoatfnnid from Nantucket. AH are caught with hook aad Haa. Tinker mackerel.— .9ce Chub mackereL ToGUE. — See Lake trout. ToaooD. — ^The Atlantic tomcod (Mkr o goi u M tameod) ranges from New York to Newfoundland, often ascending rivers. It is also known as the "frostfish. " The Pacific tomcod (JUT. proivmu) is found from Monterey northward. Eadi qwdea reachea a length of about 1 foot and a weight of about one4ialf pound . They are taken in great numbers in seines and sweep nets, and with hook and line. The name is also applied to the kingfish {Mentidrrhua MaxatUit) on the Connecticut coast, aad to the boeac ci o (MartsiM paaeiqMNt) on the California coast. Tortoise. — See Turtle. Tbiple-tail (Lobotet mrinamennt). — ^A food fish, found on the Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Cod , abundant South . 1 1 Ls known in South Carolina as "black perch, " and on the St. Johns River as "grouper. " It attains a length of from 2 to 3 feet, and is caught with hoidE aad ttne. The scales are aold at a hi^ priee for nmawsnta. TROtJT. — A common name given to the divisions of the salmon hunily f onned by the genus Salmo of weatem America, the genua Saivdiintit or cham, and the genus CriMtivomer or Great Lakes tront. Salmo is represented by three series — the cutthroat trout {S. clarkii), the rainbow trout (S. irideus), and steelhead trout (S. ririilaris) . SalvelinuM is represented in America by some seven species, and CKrt»w8Mr by two. 8m Lalw treat, Speddad treat, Bodk treat, ilS flBMKRIET OF THE TkniKnsH (0«tracudk).— DHhrait species are known as "cuck- ili,* -tmrntA," *%aned inaikMi," "spotted tronkfish," etc. Ihey are a tropical fish found in sflMBmnilMn<«1te9laridftcaHt. TcsKT.— ^« Horse-mackerel. TOMOT.— 5ee Flounder. The true turbot (Bothirue) is not found WAUrKTED riKE.— iSm FOce pwA. WmmmC9 (Odorttobsenus ronmarus and 0. ohesvs).—A marine mam- ■■IL innd in the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It attains a talgk «ff It iMtMd • iMiilktflf 2,0WiNiaBd>; sverages abe«taBe> inidi l^>^^ They are captured by means of the rifle, harpooB, and iMee, and are valuable for their oil, tusks, hide, and flesh. Wammmim (Ck mm kt f th u fiaonu).—A email food fish, found ■kndantly in sluggish waters from Virginia to Texas, nnmntlwm m Iv north as Lake Michigan. It is also called "perch, " "sunfish, " "foggle^ye," "red-eye," etc. The average weight is about 1 White vabs (Rocrus chrimps).—\ food fish, found abundantly in the Great Lakes legum and in the Ohio and upper MisBissippi, i iMuij m dwy — d itiH wafcws. It i» alta caOad "striped ban. " Its ueual wei^t is from 1 ta S poMBdik It ti m Iwwia, tmi anks higli as a food fish. Wtanma (Ckfregontu). — They fcwm one of the most important, poupe of fresb-water fishes of America. The common whitefish (Ce €l»ipeaformu) is the most valued of the tribe, although the oth ers ar kj^ly erteeaMdaaafood. Itisfound in the Great Lakes region and is known as "humpback, " "bowback, " and "highback " whitefish; alsaaa "Otatgo bass " in the neigjiborhood of Otsego Lake, N . Y. It •■HJ^ efciefly in gill nets, and averages less than 4 pounds in iMll^t. Other economic species are the Rocky Mountain iriiitefidi (C. tnOisMom); the Menominee whitefish (C. qvadrilateralis) also IscaDj known as "round whitefish," "frostfirii," "shadwater," "pilot fisfa," "chivey," "blackback," etc. The wluteiidiea be- kag to the salmon family. The name is also applied to the bluefish iFvmmtomMt mdtatrix) on the Hudson; to the menhaden (Brevoartia • "I' I'") in western Connectiart; to Ika tilaMi (OwTshlflai rrinrep$) in OdilHiriR; mA «• At MapR (Jn^iia^rtpw ham) by whaloa. UNITOD STATES, 1908. White perch (Morone arruricana). —This bass is an important food fish, found very abundantly along the Atlantic coast from South Caro- lina to Nova Scotia; it also occurs in iMackkhmrtefs in tiieiBoayM of rivers, and is sometimes landlocked in fresh-water ponds. It it the common "perch" of the fisheries of the Middle Atlantic states. Tlie average length is 8 to 9 inches. It is caught with seines, neti^ hook and line, etc., and is used veiy extensively for food. The name is also applied to the fresh-water drum {Aplodinotus grun- nims) in the Ohio River, and to the poigee (DamBMehtJ^ft argyroto- mtu) on the CaUfomia coast. Whiting (Menticirrhus saxatilis).— This fish is otherwise known as the "kingfiflh" and "sea-mink"; it is abundant from Cape Ann to Pensacola. The sand-whiting {M. americamu), also known as "deep-water whiting, " is abundant from Chesapeake Bay to Texas. The surf-whiting {M. littoralis), also called the ''silver- whiting, " is common from the Carolinas to Texas. The California whiting (Jf. itiMfcitsfiit) is also known as tiie"Band-sodcer.'' On the coast of Florida they are variously known as "kingfish," "barb," "bull- head whiting, " and "ground mullet. " They attain a length of 10 inches and a weight of pounds. They are caught with hook and line and in seines, and are a food ibb of conadeiablo importmce. The name is also applied to the harvest-fish (Peprilus paru) at Nor- folk, Va., and to the silver hake (Merkueitu bilinearit) on the New Englaod coast. Wolf-fish (Anarhichas lupus).— A large fish found off the New England coast north of Nantucket Shoals. It is also called "cat- fish. " The average length is about 4 feet; average weight about 25 pounds. It is caught on hotteand in saiBaa, and is aoid frMh, nHad, and dried and smoked. Yeixowtail (Bairdiella ckry sura). —An excellent food fiah found on the Atfantie coast from Cape Cod to Trans; it is espedaUy abundant South. It is called "silver perch" on the coast of New Jersey, and "mademoiselle" at Pensacola. It averages 8 indiea in length. The name is also applied to the menhaden (JRmoorfia ijfrannus) from Nortih Gnolina to Fkxida; to the nnmer (ElagoHs bipinnulatvs) at Pensacola; to the sailor's choice (Lagodon rhomboides) in the Indian River r^on; to the amber-«flk (Mils dbrMlit) on tiie Oalifontia coast aonth of Santa Baiham; aad to tte gma fodcMi iStbuHAAft JbvMw) I atMhic divisions, 26; hyttffmiiDmmttfltmtt 90; bTatat«B,35. ObdneB, winUeB, and condM, pounds of meat per bushel, 9; quantity and value, by ge(^raphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 42. Cod, raiik in value, 24; quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 27 ; by apparatus of — tare, 90; by states, 35: detailed statia- iMMiding, 52; canned and preserved, by ge<^raphic divisions, 281, 287; by states, 284 , 285; by method of treat- ment, 286, 287; quantity, 281, 284, 285, 287. black, quantity and value, by geo- graphic divisions, 26; by a|i|MMitaB of cmgUm, 30; by states, 34. cdtos, quantity sjod value, by geo- graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of cap- ture, 30; by states, 36. See also Cod, had- dock, hake, and pollack. Cod, haddock, hake, and poUack, esports of, 91; imp(MiB, hy es— > ry htm wmA fan- Mvted, 292. OMondo, persons employed, not induding shoresmen, 18. Columbia River district, fishery products of, 224, 268. CoBcfas. ^ See Cockles, winkles, and cooctis. OwMcticut, summary of fisheries, 13; pw- sons employed, not itwliniing shoteanen, 18;capital, 19; quantityand'ndue of prod- ucts, 25, 34; detailed statistics, 91-96. Crabs, length of season, 17; rank in value, 24; comparison with previous census, 26; detailed statistics r^s;arding, 54; canned and i»eeerved, value, by geogiMdiie ^Mr mmm, 281, 287; by metfa^ «f tonlMBt, M, J87; quantity, 287. hard, quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 41. king, quantityand value, by caqpsphic divisians, 28; by a{qpanl«s sfoplan, 32; bgratotes, 41. soft, quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 28; by appHMtM mtlftmm, S2; by states, 41. spider, quantity and value, by geo- papoic divisions, 28; by apfMxatus of staM, qiutity and value, by geo- graphic dtviskos, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 41. Crappie and strawberry bass. See Bass. OawiSsh, compa ri son with previous census, 28; qnan^r mod vafai^ bv geogr>|>luc dhfims, 28; by i^ppanlaisl o^itare, 32; b9rslBaea^41. OevalM, quaatily aad value, bv geographic divisions, 27; Iqr ippMrtasWofliii^ tO; by states, 35. Ooaker, quantity and value, by geographic dhriMM^ 27; »f i^paiatns of ci^ttare, 30; ^sMM^St. Oustacean^ quantity and value, 24; parison with previous census, 26. Cuba, value of expmrts of domestic products to, 291; of imports, 293. Cultus cod. See Cod. Cumberland and products of, 245. Cunner, quantity and value, hj gsogiaphic divisions, 27; by appwtUB m lUftnw, 30; by states, 36. Cusk, quantity and valuie, by geographic di- visions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 36; canned and preserved, value, by method ci treatm^ 286, 287;^ geo- I, summary of fisheries, 12, 13; per- sons empi^ed, not including shoresmen, 18; quantity and value of prcducts, 25, 34; detailed statistics, 96-99. Delaware Ri\er and Bay district, fishery products of, 230. Detroit River. See Lake St. Clair and St. Clair and Detroit Riven. District FertUiser, oil, andg^ue. Great Lakes and Mississippi River divisions, canning and preservii^, fish and oysten, value of products, 2^ /Sm tim MM^ sippi Rivet division. Great Lakes division, summary of statistics, 11; persons employed, hy main bouichee of industry, 14; by lakes and fiverB, 16; salaries and wages, 14; per cent of persona engaged in fishing, 15; capital invested in vessels and boats, 20, 22; average tonn^e of vessels, 21, 23; number, 23; products, by species, 26; by class of fidi»ies and apparatus of capture, 29; canning and preserving, fish and oysters, summary, by geographic divisions, 281; value of prod- ucts, 281, 287; of by-products, 282._ See also Great divisions. Greece, imports of fishery products^ Groqmr, quantity and value, by gaogiaphic divMons, 27; by apparatus of captare, 30; by states, 36. Grunts', quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 27; by agf a rt Bsoi< by states, 36 0^ Gulf of Mexico district, fishery 107, 136, 137, 183j 184. Gulf of Mexico divnioa, sommanr oi statis* tics, 11; persons empliqred. salaries, and wages, by main branches of industry, 14; per cent of persons engaged in fishing, 15; capital invested in vessels and boats, 20, 22, 23; average tonnage of vessels, 21, 23; number, 23; product!^ by species, 26; by class of fisheries and appamtus of capture, 29; canning and preserving, fish and oys- ters, summary, by geographic divisiwis, 281; value of products, 281, 287; of bf^ products, 282; oystos canned, 285. INDEX. Haddock, rank in value, 24; quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 36; 4^tailed statistics regarding, 56; canned pad preserved, value, by geographic divi- sions, 281, 287; by metnod of treatment, 286, 287; quantity, 281, 287. See also Cod, haddock, hake, and pollack. Hake, rank in value, 24; quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus 01 capture, 30; by states, 36; detailed sta- tistics re^ftrding, 57; canned and pre- saged, value, oy geographic divisions, S81, 287; by method of treatment, 286, 287; quantity, 287. silver, quantity and value, by geo- graphic divisions, 27; by apparatus of cap- ture, 32 ; by states, 39, See also Cod, had- dock, hake, and pollat^. Halibut, origin of name, 9; rank in value, 24 ; quantity and value, by geographic divi- sions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 36; detailed statistics regarding, 57; canned and preserved, value, by geo- graphic divisions, 281, 287; by method of treatmfflit, 286, 287; quantity, 287. Hard clams. See Claaas. Hard crabs. See Crabs. Harpoons, spears, etc., value, 22; quantity and value of products caught by, by geo- graphic divimae, 29; by spaeisa, 91; by states, 45. Haul seines. See Seines. Haning, origin of name, 9; quantity and talue, by geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 37; etailed statistics regarding, 58; exports of, 291 ; imports, by country from which im- Eorted, 292; canned and preserved, value, y geographic (Bvisions, 281, 287; by method of tvsalBMlt, 28^ 287; quality, 281, 287. lake, rank in value, 24; quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus ot capture, 30; by states, 37; detailed statistics regarding, 59; canned todp roeerv ed, value, by geographic divi- sions, 281, 287; by method 01 fifiahlW ill, 286, 287; quantity, 281, 287. salt-water, rank in value, 24. Hickory shad. See Shad. ffides, alligator, comparison with previous census, 26j quantity and value, by geo- graphic dtvudons, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 43. — — porpoise, comparison with previous census, 26; quantity and value, by geo- graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 43. fi^ee ate Hides, |>elts, and skins. Hides, pelts, and skins, comparison with previous census, 26. Hogfish. S^e Pigfish. or hogfish. Hongkong, imports of fishery prodnds, 292, 293. Hoop nets. See Fyke and hoop nets. Hwse mackerel. See Albaooie, or borse mackerel. Idaho, persons employed, not including shoresmen, 18. Ulinois, summary of fisheries, 13; persons employed, not including shoresmen, 18; value of apparatus of capture, 21; quan- tity and value of products, 25, 34; detailed statistics, 113-120. Imports, comparison with exports, 288; value of, 288, 290, 292; by kind of product, 292; by country from which imp- ital, and value of products, 12. Lake Huron district, fishery products of, 171. Lake Michigan, persons employed, 12, 16; capital, and value of products, 12. Lake Michigan district, fisbcsy moducts of, 119,123,170,275,278. Lake Ontario, including Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers, persons employed, 12, 16; capital, and value of products, 12. Lake Ontario district, fishery products of, 207. Lake St. Clair and St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, persons employed, 12, 16; capital, and value of products, 12. Lake St. Clair district, fishery products of, 172. Lake Superior, persons employed, 12, 16; capital, and value of products, 12. Lake Superior district, fishery products of, 171, 178, 276, 279. Lake trout. See Trout. Lines, hand, trawl, and set, value, 21, 22; quantity and value of products caught by, by geographic divisions, 29; by species, 30; by states, 45. Ling, or eelpout^ quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 27; by apparatus of capture, 30; by states, 37. Livers, quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 28; by ^pMatUSoI capt^, 32; by states, 43. Lobster, rank in value, 24; c(miparison with Erevious census, 26^ quantity and value, y geographic divisions, 28 ; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 41; detailedsta- tistics regarding, 61; imports, by country from which imported, 292. spiny, comparison with previous cen- sus, 26; quantity and value, oy geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 41; detailed statistics regard- ing, 62. Long Island Sound, fishery produc ts of, 206. Louisiana, summary of fisheries, l.'J; persons employed, not includii^ shoresmen, 18; qiai^ay and sons cmployod. salaries, and Wl ^ as , li. Mink skins. See Skins. Minnesota, summary of fisheries, 13; per- sons employed, not including shoresmen, 18; quantity and value of products, 25, 34; detailed statistics, 173-178. Minnows, quantity and value, by geo- graphic divisions, 27; by appantWB of capture, 30; by states, 37. MissLssippi, summary of fisheries, 13; per- sons employed, not including shoresmen, 18; quantity and value of products, 25, 34: detailed statistics, 178-184; canning and preserving, fish and oysters, value of by- products, 282; oysters canned, 288;slHiBp and prawn preserved, 286. Mississippi River district, fishery producta of, 118, 130, 136, 177, 183, 187, 245, 275. MisBissi])pi River divisum, summary of statistics, 11; persons employed, salaries, and wages, by main branches of industry, 14; per cent of persons engaged in fishing, 15; capital invested in vessels and boats, 20, 22, 23; average tonnage of vessels, 21, 23; number, 23; products, by species, 26; by €Mm of Merles and apparatua «f ( a22 INDEX. tare, 29: cannin' products to, 201; of imports, 2f)3. South Atlantic states, fisheries of, 11; per- sons employed, salaries, and wages, 16. South Carolina, summary of fiisheries, 13; persons employed, not includiug shorea- aBan.18; quantity and valMefpndnclib ; detailed statistics, lS7-Sfl; eysters South Dakota, persons employed, not in- cludiiw ahoroamea, 18; quantity and fi?h. Spain, imports of fishery prodoclB, 282, 293. SpanL-alue, by geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 40; detailed statistics refflurding, 74. S%iud, compaiison with previous census, 26; itiih^ and Tahie, by geographic divi- a; byi^npMatDBat ci4ptiiM,32; by fctes. fisheries by, 13, 25, 47-78; persons em- ployed, 18; capital, 19; value oi apparatus oi capture, 21; detail summary, 34; prod- ucts, by apparatus of capture, 44; detailed statistics, 79-279; canning and preserving, iriiand ojrstco, 'valued b;y-iHoduct8, 282; ■iBon fvodnct of c a ime nca and packiiu houses, 283; sardines packed, 284; cod packed, 2S4, 285; oysters canned, 285; shrimp and prawn preserved, 286. Steam and motor boats. See Boats. Stone crabs. See Crabs. S teawbe ny bass. See rianjag aad atmw- bcRjr ban. Strij>fd bai¥. See Bass. StuigeoDii, quantity and value, by geo- graphic divisions, 28; by apparatus of cap- ture, 32; by states, 40; detailed statistics Rgaiding, 75; smoked, and frozen and qaaatitj and value, gao piphic 287. Set dM Stuneons and caviar. Sturgeons and caviar, canned and preserved, value, by geographic divisions, 281, 287; by method of treatment, 286, 287; quan- tity, 287. See alto Caviar. SacUB, quantity and value, by ge(^;raidiic virion, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 40. Sunfish. See Bream and sunfish. Surf clams. See Clams. Surf-fish, ot viviparous perch, origin of name, 9' quantity and value, by geographic divi- 28; by apparatus of captiue, 32; by 40. )uel of, 231 Susquehanna River fisheries, persons em- pfeyed, 12, 16; capital, and value of pnducta, 12. SvedcB, iip ort a oi firiiofy products, 292. See mbo Norway and Sweden. Swordfish, qujuitity and value, by geo- graphic diviooDo, 28; by apparatus of TantO|;, quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 28; hy appanttiiB Mcaptare, 32; by states, 40. Tennessee, summary of fisheries, 13; persons employed, not including shoresmen, 18; quantity and value of produeli» Sft, M; detailed statistics, 242-245. Tenneaaee Kver. 8m Caadberiand Mid Tennessee Rivers. Terrapin, quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus of capture, 32; by states, 43. See also Terrapin and turtles. Terrapin and turtles, comparison with pte- vious census, 26. See also Turtles. Texas, summary of fisheries, 13; persons em- ployed, not including shoresmen, 18; Quantity and value of products, 25, 34; etailed statistics, 245-250. Tomcod, quantity and value, bv geographic divisions, 28; by i^vamtaaoicapCm, 82; by states, 40. Tongs. See P re dg e e , tongs, rakes, etc. Tonnage, by classes of vessda, liy (W- graphic divisions, 21, 23. Trammel nets. See Nets. Transporting vessels. See Vessels. Trap netL Am ftaOBd aelm IH^ Mti, and Traps. See Pots and traps. Trout, use of term, 9. brook, quantity and value, by geo- graphic divisions, 28; byi ture, 32; by states, 40. lake, rank in value, 24; quantity and value, by seographic divisions, 28; by apparatus cl capture, 32; by states, 40; detailed statistics regarding, 60. Turtles, quantity and value, by geographic divisions, 28; by apparatus oi capture, 32; by states, 43. See also Teixapin and tur- tles ^iruf Shrimp and oAcr mMUk (tat- cept lobster) and turtles. United Kingdom, value of exports of do- mestic fishery products to, 291; of imports, 292, 293. Utah, persons employed, not including 18. Venezuela, imports of fishery products, 292. Vermont, persons employed, not including etuxesuMD, 18. Vessd crew, use of term, 14. Vessd fidioies, salaries and wages, 14, 16: persons employed, 14; per cent of total number, 15; number, in Atlantic coast division, 16; in Chesapeake Bay district, 16; capitel invested in, 19, 20; average ton- nage of THsds, 21, 23; number and value of apparatus oi capture, 22; of products, 29; detailed statistics, by states, 79-279. Vessels, comparison with former censuses, 10; use of term, 19; classes of, 20; capital invested in, 20, 22; average tonnage, 21, 23; number and value, bygeographic divisions, 23; detailed statistics, by states, 79-279. — — fishing, capital inviested in, 20, 22: average tonnage, 21, 23; number and value, by geographic divisions, 23. ■ transporting, salaries and wages, 14, 16; persons employed, 14; per cent of total number, 15; number, m Atlantic coast divisiffli, 16; in Chesapeake Bay disteict, 16; capital invested in, 20, 22; average tonnage, 21, 23; number and value, by ge<»raphic divisions, 23. See also Vessels, including outfit, and Vessels and boats, including outfit. Vessels, including outfit, capital invested in, by geographic divisions, 22. Vessels and boats, including outfit, value, b^ geographic divisuns, 11; by Atlantic peake Bay, 12; on Great Lakes, 12; by commercial fisheries, 19; detailed statia* tics, by states, 79-279. See alto Boats. Virginia, summary of fisheries, 13; persons employed, not including shoresmen, 18; capital, 19; value of apparatus of capture, 21; quantity and value of products, 25, 34; detailed statistics, 251-262; canning and preserving, fish and oystos. value