HISTORICAL GUIDE. TOTHE CITY OF NEW YORK SEYMOUR DURST ' Ti'rf niewv ^fn^erda-m. oj^ Manhattans When you leave, please leave this book Because it has been said "Ever thing comes t' him who waits fxcept a loaned hook." Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/historicalguidetOOkell tE^ercentenarp Cliition OF THE HISTORICAL GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEW YORK Under the Auspices of the MUSEUM EXHIBITS COMMITTEE Chair7na7i George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc. D. N. L. Britton, Ph.D., Sc.D. Hon. Robert W. de Forest Archer M. Huntington, Litt.D. Henry F. Osborn, Ph.D., LL. D. THE SEAL OF NEW YORK CITY IN 1787. LEGEND (unabbreviated) Sigilhim Civitatis Novi Ehoraci: " Seal of the City of New York; Ehoraci being the genitive case of the old Roman name for York. SHIELD: Argent, charged with the four sails of a windmill proper; between their outer ends, two heavers proper, one in chief and one in baseband two Hour-barrels proper, in fess, one on each side. CREST: A bald eagle proper, rising from a demi-terrestrial globe. The beaver is an emblem of the fur trade, so important in Dutch days; the sails nnd barrels represent the bolting industry, a monopoly of which was granted New York merchants by the Bolting Act of 1678. SUPPORTERS (not heraldically part of the city arms and variously represented to-day): dexter (right) side of shield, a sailor in dress and cap of 1700 holding in his right hand a ship's sounding- line ; on the sinister (left) side, an Indian chief with a stringed bow. The sailor is said to be in honor of James who was not only Proprietor of New York but also Lord High Admiral of England; the Indian represented the inhabitants and possessors of his Province in America. — From a Report of the Saint Nicholas Society. tKfje €itv ftisttorj) Club of i^eto |9orfe 105 West 40TH Street Honorary President President First Vice-President Second Vice-President Treasurer . . Secretary . Assistant Secretary . Superintendent Assistant Superintendent Assistant Treasurer OFFICERS 1914-15 Mrs. Robert Abbe Mrs. a. Barton Hepburn George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc.D. E. R. L. Gould, Ph.D. Mrs. Frederick W. Longfellow- Mrs. Carr Van Anda Miss Augusta Drake Frank Bergen Kelley, Ph.D. Mr. Charles Kandel Mrs. Robert R. M. Emmet Prepared with the co-operation of and endorsed by W^t American Scenic anb ^i^ioxit ^resierbation ^ocietp OFFICERS 1914 Honorary President ... . E. H. Harriman, Jr. President George F. Kunz, Ph.D., Sc.D. Vice-Presidents Colonel Henry W. Sackett Dean Liberty H. Bailey Honorable George Y\ Perkins Henry M. Leipziger, Ph.D., LL.D. Treasurer Hon. N. Taylor Phillips Secretary Edward Hagaman Hall, L.H.D. iv HISTORICAL GUIDE TO THE CITY OF NEW YORK COMPILED BY FRANK BERGEN KELLEY From Original Observations and Cojitributions Made by Members and Friends 0/ The City History Club of New York WITH SEVEXTY }L-iFS AXD DL4GRAMS AXD FORTY-EIGHT lEEUSTRATIOXS TTte i^eto gorfe Commercial tlTercentenarp CDommiSSion anb Cf)e Citp ^istorp Club of ^eto gorfe Copyright, 1909, by the City History Club of New York, The Excursions are copyrighted separately, the notice and date of each being given on the first page of each one. The copyright extends to all plates and cuts. Copyright, 1913, by the City History Club of New York. VI THE NEW YORK COMMERCIAL TERCENTENARY. 1614-1914. IXTRODUCTIOX. By Edward Hagamax Hall, L.H.D. Reprinted here by permission, from Appendix D of the 1914 Annual Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. From March 27 to October 11, 1914, the City and State of New York Vv'ill celebrate, by means of a series of religious, historical and educa- tional exercises, art, scientific, and commerical exhibits, street parades, and other festivities, the three hundredth anniversary of the beginning of the regularly chartered commerce of what are now the City and Slate of New York. The dates above mentioned are the anniversaries respectively of the granting of the first general charter and the first special charter by the States General of the United Netherlands for trading to New Netherland. To arrange for the suitable observances of the completion of three centuries of American commerce, the late Mayor Gaynor of New York, in December, 1912, appointed a Citizens' Committee which was subs.e- quently enlarged and became incorporated as the New York Commer- cial Tercentenary Commission by a special act of the Legislature, chap- ter 313 of the Laws of 1913. The Commission consists of the persons named in the Charter, the Mayors of all the Cities of the State ex- officio, the Presidents of the incorporated Villages of the Hudson Valley cx-officio, and such persons as may have been or may be associated with them by appointment by the Governor of the State or the Mayor of the City of New York. The Charter of the Commission is almost verbatim like that of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission, but the movement itself has a different origin. The Hudson-Fulton Celebration in 1909 was puretV historical in its conception and execution, everything of a commercial nature being carefully excluded from the program. The present cele- bration was initiated by representatives of some of the leading mer- chants, manufacturers and commercial exchanges of New York and contemplates, in connection with the historical commemoration, the cultivation of commercial relations throughout the country. vi a HISTORICAL GUIDE In glancing at the historical events upon which the celebration is based it is interesting to note that the commerce of New Netherland began and was fully established before New Netherland was perma- nently settled. The first permanent settlement in what is now the State of New York was made by the Dutch at Fort Orange (Albany) in 1624, and the first permanent settlement on Manhattan Island was made at New Amsterdam in 1626. The permanence and success of those set- tlements from the very beginning were due, next to the natural industry of the Dutch pioneers, mainly to the fact that there had been ten years of peaceful and successful trading with the Indians by means of which the Dutch had contracted friendly relations with the natives before they attempted to settle permanently. The importance of this fact becomes apparent w^hen one compares the course of events on the Hudson with what happened on the James River in Virginia. When the States General of the United Netherlands in 1614 granted the first charter for trading to New Netherland, there were only two permanent settlements upon the Atlantic coast of the present United States, namely, the Spanish settlement at St. Augustine, Fla., and the English settlement at Jamestown, Va.* St. Augustine, founded in 1565, did not develop a commerce. It was established primarily as a military post to secure possession of Florida in order to prevent other nations settling there and interfering with the treasure ships of Spain passing between Mexico and the old country, but it was also a center of missionary work among the Indians. Jamestown was settled in 1607. Plymouth was not settled until 1620. It was between these two dates that the commerce of the Hudson Valley was begun. While too much cannot be said of the wonderful enterprise and courage which led to the first permanent planting of Anglo-Saxon civilization upon this continent at Jamestown, it is never- theless to be observed that the early years of that colony were char- acterized by a desperate struggle for mere existence ; the development of a commerce, much as it was desired, was out of the question. The Colonists did not at first raise enough produce to sustain their own lives, and were kept alive partly by food brought from the mother country by what v.ere called the First Supply, the Second Supply, the Third Supply, etc., and corn exacted from the Indians much against the latter's will. It is true, they sent back to England some rough timber, *Thcrc was also a third i)crniant nt settlement within the limits of the present United .States, at .Santa Fe, X. Mcx. This, however, was a religious, not a com- mercial establishment. vi b TERCENTENARY EDITION a consignment of sassafras, a cage of flying squirrels for the King, a load of yellow dirt which was thought to contain gold, etc., but nothing in those early years of sufficient value to compensate the factors for their investments ; while the Colonists perished with starvation and Indian massacres until their precarious hold on the continent was almost broken. It was not until 1614 or 161 5 — just about the time of charter- ing of the New Netherland commerce — that their attention was turned seriously to the cultivation of tobacco, which eventually became a staple crop : but for several years after that, even, while developing the culture of tobacco, they were so improvident that they did not raise edible' crops enough to feed themselves, and had to be assisted with the neces- sities of existence sent from England. Meanwhile the Dutch, who for many years had had a profitable com- m.erce with Russia in furs and who were keen rivals of the English Muscovy Company in the Russian trade, quick to realize the value of the resources of these commodities in the Hudson Valley, began trading in this unappropriated region. That the commerce v/as profitable from the very beginning is evident from the eagerness with which the Am- sterdam merchants applied for a monopolistic charter after their pre- liminary voyages hither, and the jealousy with which they regarded any attempts at competition, surreptitious or otherwise, after they secured that charter. It is the beginning of that commerce, which has radiated from New York and expanded to such great proportions, that the Tercentenary primarily commemorates. Another significarit event, closely connected with the beginning of this commerce, was the building of the ship Onrust (Restless) in New Netherlands in 1614. The Onrust was not the first vessel to be built within the limits of the present United States. In 1527 Narvaez's men built five vessels in Florida*, and there are other evidences of extempo- raneous ship-building in that region. Small vessels had also been brought to America in sections to be put together here, and various small repairs had been made on the Atlantic coast. But the Onrust was the first vessel to be built entirely of native wood along the middle or northern Atlantic coast, so far as our present information goes, and % to have performed as notable work of exploration as that done by Block's ship. This Celebration in 1914 is emphasized by a contemporaneous com- mercial event of extraordinary importance to the nation, namely, the practical opening of the Panama Canal. This achievement connects *Thc Onrust was 44^ feet from stem to stern. The vessels built in Florida were 22 cubits long. A cubit is variously estimated at from 18 to 22 inches. HISTORICAL GUIDE backward with the events of which we have been speaking, and even earlier history. When Columbus sailed in 14Q2, he believed that he could reach the Orient by sailing westward. After he had discovered the West India islands and the Cabots had discovered continental America, and it was found that a double continent impeded the sea- road to Cathay, subsequent explorers tried to find a passage through the land to the sea beyond. Cartier, La Salle* and Champlain tried to reach China by wa}^ of the Saint Lawrence River and failed. Captain John Smith tried to reach the East Indies by way of the James River, but was stopped by the Falls of Richmond. Henry Hudson, choosing be- tween a route unsuccessfully attempted by John Davis and another untried route which he thought more promising, tried to reach China by way of the Hudson River, with no better success so far as his original object was concerned. Xow, after the lapse of centuries, the passage which they failed to find we have made at Panama. We thus have a period of three hundred years of America nhistory sharply defined by tv>-o conspicuous events — at one end the beginning of the chartered commerce of New Netherland which was the forerunner of the greater commerce of the nation; at the other end, the opening of the Panama Canal, which is the consummation of the hitherto unat- tained hopes of centuries and w^hich is destined vastly to increase the commerce of the Port of New York and the nation as time goes on. These events, taken together with the virtual completion of the en- larged Erie Canal and the rounding out of a Century of Peace between the English-speaking peoples, make 1914 a red-letter year in the na- tional calendar. The plan of the celebration does not deal exclusively with the material side of commerce. At no period in the history of the world has the intimate reciprocal relation between commerce and industry on the one hand and intellectual activity, as represented in the arts, sciences and letters, on the other, been so fully recognized as now. The modern university idea, as was well expressed recently by Chancellor Brown of New York University, a member of the Tercentenary Commission, is to bring the university into touch with every practical phase of human life. The same may be said of the modern educational idea generally. It reflects itself in the establishment of Professorships of Commerce and Colleges of Commerce in connection with the higher institutions of learning, and in many other ways. A strong and active national com- *The name La Chine Ctlie French for China) was given in derision to a seigniory granted to La Salle at Montreal on account of his ambition to reach China by that route. The name is preserved in that of the La Chine Rapids. vi d TERCENTENARY EDITION merce and a vigorous and virile national industry stimulate art, science and literature, and these in turn react upon the commercial and indus- trial life of the Nation, making it more fruitful and progressive. Com- merce is so truly the handmaiden of Civilization, that it may almost be said that the culture of a people in the arts of civilization can be meas- ured by its industry and commerce.* For these reasons, the plan of the Celebration contemplates the active participation of the educational institutions, the museums of art and science, historical societies, and other bodies representing the intellectual life of the City, State and Nation. The New York Commercial Tercentenary Celebration, therefore, is not an affair of circumscribed interest. The relation which the events to be celebrated bears to the commerce and industries of the whole country is so intimate that the commemoration is one of national signifi- cance, and it is most appropriate that our fellow citizens of other States should share in the pride in the splendid commerce which has developed from the small beginning three centuries ago and should actively par- ticipate in the exercises, exhibitions and festivals attending the joyful celebration of the anniversary. *Xote, for instance, the contrast between the Greeks, a maritime people, and the Egyptians, a non-maritime people; or between the sea-going Dutch and the exclusive Ziud self-centered Chinese, with respect to both their own progress in art, science and letters and their influence in the spreading of civilization abroad. VI e INTRODUCTION TO THE TERCENTENARY EDITION The present edition has been prepared especially for the New York Commercial Tercentenary Commission. It consists of the complete 1913 edition of the Historical Guide with corrections to date (see following pages), and an ar^cle by Ed- ward Hagaman Hall on the founding of commerce in Manhattan. Appended at the end of the volume appears a list of all the members of the Tercentenary Commission, followed by a booklet issued by the New York Public Library giving a list of books on New York City and the Development of Trade. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO ITINERARIES Even in the short space of less than two years many changes have occurred in the matter of historical landmarks, tablets, etc., particularly in the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. These corrections and additions to the plates of the 1913 edition follow, — the Routes and particular localities being indicated by figures. It is hoped in the next edition to incorporate in the plates all these changes, as well as those in the various pages of 1912 Addenda (viz.: pp. 37, 65, 83, loi, 138, 173, 183, 198, 202, 204, 215, 231, 264, 314, 351). Frank Bergen Kelley. October 1914. MANHATTAN. Route I. P. 20 — io.*4 and p. 37.*4. Nos. i and 2 State Street have been demol- ished and the Eastern Hotel is about to be destroyed to make way for a larger structure. The hotel prop- erty was bought by John B. Coles, in 1790, from Anthony Lispenard. It was first known as the Eastern Hotel in 1856. Coles was an Alderman, 1797-1801, and a member of the Manhattan Company. P. 21 — 16. There is no well-authenticated evidence of the building of four huts on the site of 41 Broadway by Adrian Block, although he did winter on the island, 1613-14. P. 22. Exchange Alley was also known as Oyster Pasty Alley. Route 3. P. 31. The mill stones are set in the lobby of the temple, not the foundation. Route 4. P, 34 — 45. Add. A stone star in the greensward near comfort station marks the site of the original Revolutionary flagstaff. Near by the Revolutionary cannon formerly at No. 55 Broadway (see p. 21 — 17) will be mounted on October 31, 1914. The tablet reads as follows: HISTORICAL GUIDE This Ancient Cannon was exhumed in 1892 on the site of No. 55 Broadway on the corner of Exchange Alley or ''the highway leading to the Fortification called Oyster Pasty/' 1695-1783. Presented to the City of New York by William Henry Mairs Placed here by the children of THE CITY HISTORY CLUB 1914 P. 34 — 46. Read ''Governor's Island — Its Military History Under Three Flags, 1637-1913," by the Rev. Edward Banks Smith, D.D., Chaplain of Governor's Island. Route 5. P. 53. The Governor's Room is now known as the Trumbull Room, as all or nearly all of the portraits there are by that painter. The Erie punch bowl is on exhibition in the Metropolitan Museum of art. The portrait of Henry Hudson has been removed to the Aldermanic Chamber. A new tablet has been erected in the west corridor on the ground floor in memory of Thomas Willett, first Mayor of New York (1665). It was designed by Henry Bacon and placed here through the efforts of the City Club of New York. It reads : MDCX THOMAS WILLETT mdclxxiv THE FIRST MAYOR OF NEW YORK Under a patent granted by James, Duke of York, he was appointed in 1665 for a one year term by Governor Richard Nicolls and served a second term in 1667 P. 53. A detailed historical account of the City Hall was pub- lished, pp. 300-310 of the 1912 Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. The build- ing has been thoroughly renovated and restored through gifts of Mrs. Russell Sage. P. 54. The City Hall tablet and standard yard measure have been removed to the basement corridor. The Bureau of vi h TERCENTENARY EDITION Licenses has been consolidated with the office of the Commissioner of Licenses and has been removed. The Bureau of Marriage Licenses is now in the Municipal Building. P, 55. A new fountain has been planned to take the place of this one. It is the bequest of Angeline Crane and will be called the Angeline Crane Fountain. P. 57 — 13. Dolan's Restaurant was torn down, 1913, to make way for a larger structure. Route 6. 19. The larger portion of the Astor House was removed in 1913-14 on account of the new subway construction. 21. The King's College tablet has been removed (1914) tem- porarily, pending the erection of a new building on the site. 22. The Market tablet has been temporarily stored pending some changes in construction. 23. The visible remains of the well have been removed. Route 7. P. 61. ^laiden Lane. Read "The Maid of Maiden Lane," by Amelia E. Barr ; ''The Story of Maiden Lane," by ' Albert Ulmann in "The Jeweler's Weekly." P- 63 — 38- The date of the fight about the liberty pole should be January 18. The old court and rear buildings at 59 Ann Street have been covered over by a new structure. P. 64. Insert bottom of page — Old house at 41 Cherry Street, erected 1786, on property sold in 1742 by Israel Hors- feld to John Latham, a famous shipwright. Route 8. The recent widening of Varick Street and its ex- tension to connect with Seventh Avenue has caused the removal of many old buildings, particularly the following : P. 76 — 12. Bedford Street Methodist Church; 17. Spring Street Church to be removed across the street. P. 81 — 28. Former house of Tom Paine at 309 Bleecker Street. vi i p. 59- p. 60— HISTORICAL GUIDE Route 9. P. 78. A tablet was erected in 1914 at 198 Hudson Street, corner of Desbrosses Street, by the Sons of the American Revolution to mark the site of the Lispenard House, where "General George Washington was entertained, June 25, 1775, while en route from Philadelphia to Cambridge, to assume command of the Continental Army. The stone bridge across the Canal at Broadway was built in 1786-7 on the order of the Street Commissioner. P. 78 — 22. The small structure on the roof of the Ericsson house has been destroyed. Route 10. P. 81 — 28. The Paine House has been demolished. Route II. P. 89 — 2. The original church here was built before 1660. The land was given to Trinity in 1793. Governor Tompkins' initials should be D. D., not D. T. Route 12. P. 98 — 23. The Manhattan Tank has finally been removed (1914). Route 13. P. 99 — 32. This is no longer used as a school. When erected in 1839-40 (4th story 1854), it was called "a. spacious and substantial edifice." P, I02.*9. The date 1911 should be 1811 for P. S. No. 2. Route 14. P. 108 — 8. The Grapevine has been torn down. Route 15. P. 114. In the Hotel McAlpin, 34th Street and Broadway, may be seen a series of tapestries showing historic scenes in New York City. Route 17. P. 117 — 4. See article on Bryant Park on pp. 319-342 in the 1912 Re- port of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. P. 120. The Park Department has left the Arsenal for the Municipal .Building. vi/ TERCENTENARY EDITION Route i8. P. 123 — 12. The Bloomingdale Dutch Reformed Church was sold in 1913 to be replaced by an apartment house. Route 19. P. 125 — I. The Carrigan House is now used as an inn and road house. Route 20. P. 136. See article on Blackwell's Island on p. 177 of 1912 Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. P. 130 (top of p.). The tablet proposed for Mrs. Lowell has not been put in place. Route 22. P. 149 — 37. The new park at Third Avenue and 129th Street had recently (1913) been named Kuyter Park for the original setiler here. Route 23. P. 151 — 41. A memorial stained glass window by LaFarge to the memory of the actress, Mrs. Gilbert, has been placed in the Hamilton Grange Reformed Church at 149th Street and Convent Avenue. P. 152. '"Carmansville" centered originally about West One Hun- dred and Fifty-second vStreet. There was a station here of the Hudson River R. R. and an old dock at which boats for Yonkers, Tarrytown, etc., stopped. P. 169 — 73, and p. 181. See on the southern end of the low viaduct on Broadway crossing what was once part of Spuyten Duyvil Creek (now filled in), a tablet erected in 1914 by the Empire State Society, S. A. R., to commemorate the original King's Bridge which stood within 600 feet^^ west of it. Route 27. P. 169 — 74. The flagpole and notice board have recently disappeared. Route 28b. P. 172 — 98. Some say this Dyckman House was built in 1783; Jan Dyckman, the original patentee, came from Bentheim in Westphalia, vi k . HISTORICAL GUIDE P- 1/3*3. The date of the drowning should be October i, 1910. P. 173*4. The page reference is 161 not 151. THE BRONX. P. 179. Shonard should be Shonnard. ''Battle of Pell's Point or Pelham by Abbatt." Route 29. P. 182 — 6. Maj. General Porter was for many years Adjutant-Gen- eral of the State of New York. P. 183*3. For an account of the region of Nipinichsen see 1909 Re- port American Scenic and Historic Preservation So- ciety. Route 30a. P. 190 — 33. Fort No. Four was marked by a tablet (1914) erected by the Daughters of the Revolution State of New York. 35. The Montgomery Cottage is at No. 3489 Fort Independ- ence Street. Route 30b. P. 193. There is a statue of a Union Soldier in the Bronx River near Williamsbridge. The story goes that it was cut for a gravestone by the stone cutter (at the rear of whose garden it stands) but it was rejected. Route 31. P. 196 — 54. The spelling should be Barretto. P. 197 — 57, p. 205 — 92, and p. 211 — 116. Reference here should be to General (not Lord) Howe. P. 197 — 58. The Hunt Mansion was torn dov/n about 1911. Route 32. P. 199 — 62. The W. H. Morris Mansion and grounds have been ac- quired by the Daughters of Jacob. A home for the a^ed and intirm is to be erected here. The mansion is now being used as a synagogue. P. 201 — 69. The Poe Cottage has been moved into Poe Park and pre- served as a historical museum. Route 33. P. 203 — 85. The English officer referred to was Admiral (Lord) Howe. vi/ TERCENTENARY EDITION Route 33a. r. 207— 96. (Abbatt not Abbot.) 97. The Bowne Store dates from 1816. Route 34. P. 209. Direction. Bartozu is now called ''City Island Station"; better rapid transit facilities have been provided here. P. 210 — 106. Macedonian not Macedonia. (See *I3, p. 215.) 107. This property was conveyed by Thos. Pell to John Bartow and his wife Ann Pell. The present house was built in 1820 and is now owned by the city. See American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society Report, 1912. P. 211 — 113. One of Anne Hutchinson's sons was saved by being in Boston at the time of the massacre. The tablet was removed by vandals in 1914. Route 34a. P. 213 — 123. The complete poem is quoted in Jenkin's Bronx, pp. 306-7, The story is somewhat mythical. 126. Near the 15th Milestone (now replaced by the Bronx Borough President) is a simple tablet set in a culvert jusf east of Burke Street. It was excavated during the road building here and has some relation to old town- ship boundaries here. P. 214. East Chester (usually spelled in two words to-day) may now be reached easily via the new New York, West- chester and Boston Electric R. R. connecting with the Third Ave. Elevated R. R. at One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street, or reached from the subway station at One Hundred and Eightieth Street ; the nearest station of the new railroad is at "Kingsbridge Road." 132. St. Paul's was built 1761-5, and was used only for a short time as a military hospital. P. 215*12. The Bowne house was burned in 1909. It was built origi- nally (1730) on the site of the Pell Manor House. *I5. The Crawford Tavern was built by the Fays, who settled here in 1732 and still own it. (Jenkins.) VI ni HISTORICAL GUIDE BROOKLYN. P. 226. Addenda. — The name here should be Elbert Elbertse Stoothoff. Route 35b. P. 231. Addenda. — The Duryee House could not have been occu- pied by Washington; it is between Humbold Street and Graham Avenue, Route 35c. P. 234 — 7. The red house has disappeared. Route 36. P. 242. In September, 1914, a tablet was placed on the Harriet Judson Memorial, Y. W. C. A., at 50 Nevins Street, to commemorate the One Hundredth Anniversary of the erection by the members of the Masonic Fraternity of Fort Masonic, as part of the defences of New York City during the War of 1812-15. Route 40. P. 250 — 7. The mill was built about 1656 (not 1636). QUEENS. Route 48. P. 294 — 59. Some say the Coe Farmhouse dates back to 1655. Route 49. P. 297 — I. It is claimed that the Moore House was used as General Howe's headquarters and that the Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) stayed here. P. 300 — 29. Bloom house torn down about 1912-13. P. 306 — 14. The Bowne Homestead was built in 1661. P-3I5 (top of page). The buttonwood tree is 18 feet in circumference, not diameter. P. 316*12. The Bloodgood Homestead must have been built after RICHMOND. Route 53. P-330 — 23. A tal)let was erected in the church, 1012, to the memory of Major William Bernard Gifford, Third Reg't N. J., Continental Line, by the Staten Island Chapter, D. A. R. TERCENTENARY EDITION Route 54. 333 — 37- The Christopher Homestead was built ])y Nicholas Chris- topher and owned b}' his son Joseph during the Revo- tion. P. 337 — 58. The Garibaldi House is falling into ruins through neglect. P. 338 — 61. A National Indian Monument was erected here in 1913 bearing the following inscription : HERE ON AQUEHONGA-MANACKNONG, 22 FEBRUARY, 1913. THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, MARKED THIS SITE FOR THE NATIONAL MONUMENT TO THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN INAUGURATED UNDER THE AUS- PICES OF THE NATIONAL AMERICAN IN- DIAN MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION WITH THE CO-OPERATION OF THE AMERICAN SCENIC AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION SOCIETY. Route 60. P. 349 — 107. The Billopp House was probably not built until 1688. P. 386. Split Rock Tablet was removed by vandals in 1914. \ 1 SECOND EDITION DEDICATED BY THE CITY HISTORY CLUB (by permission) TO illr£(. Robert aiifae Founder and long President of The City History Club of New York HISTORIC TRACES COMMITTEE OF THE CITY HISTORY CLUB OF NEW YORK: Editors of the Historical Guide Reginald Pelham Bolton. Edward Hagaman Hall. Associate Editors Randall Comfort Hopper Striker !Mott. Charles A. Ditmas. George W. Nash. Robert E. Parsons. August R. Oh man. Charles R. Lamb. Albert Ulmann. Frank Bergen Kelley, Chairman. Corresponding ^Iembers Thomas J. Burton. J. H. Innes. Thanks are due for special aid in securing information and for the use of material to : Frank Warren Crane, William T. Davis, Henry Russell Drowne, Charles Hemstreet, Thomas A. Janvier, Ira K. ^lorris, Josiah C. Pumpelly, Frederick Van WVck and many other students of local history. Cartographers: August R. Ohman, Reginald Pelham Bolton. Draughtsmen : Morris W. Ehrlich, Charles Kandel. For permission to copy maps, thanks are due to : Edward Haga- man Hall, John H. Innes, A. Meserole, Harper Bros., W. W. ^lun- sell, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Chas. Scribner's Sons and Henry Dunreath Tyler. Official Photographer: Frank F. Evans. Photographs have been contributed by Randall Comfort, C. Irv- ing Jones and George W. Nash. Other illustrations have been used by courtesy of the Century History Company, G. P. Putnam's Sons, and the Long Island Historical Society. viii PREFACE The H'sforical Guide to Nczv York is the result of prolonged ef- forts on the part of the City History Club of Xezu York to discover and to direct attention to the yet visible traces of earlier times which lie hidden within and are fast disappearing from the city of to-day. \\'hen the society was founded in 1896 to promote good citizenship through the study of history and civics and by the establishment of self-governing clubs, the need was felt for a systematic survey of and guide to the history of New York City in a simple and convenient form. In order to meet this necessity the Club first published, un- der the direction of a number of well-known writers. The Half Moon Papers, a series of monographs which were afterward incor- porated in two volumes entitled Historic Xcw York. During the past thirteen years, twelve Excursion Leaflets have been prepared, designed to provide, at the lowest possible price, a brief but carefully verified historical description of every part of the city, compiled as far as possible from original sources. These pamphlets have been extensively utilized by members of the junior clubs, some of whom have by their use become competent as trained, and in a few cases, pro- fessional guides; by the children of the public and private schools of the five boroughs; and by many other persons who believe, as does the writer, that familiarity with the history of one's own city leading to a knowledge and love of the city itself is the foundation of true civic patriotism. The information thus gathered is now presented in complete form, thoroughly revised and illustrated by maps and photo- graphs. On behalf of the City History Club and on my own part, T thank the many faithful friends of the organization who have contributed of their time and knowledge to the compilation of this work. Some ^ of their names may be found recorded on another page, but the full measure of skill and devotion which they have so generously expended can never be recorded. It is the sincere hope of the founder of the City History Club that this book may prove of real service to all those who desire to know the city better and to work more effectively for its future good. Catharine A. B. Abbe. Brook End, Bar Harbor, July 5th, 1909. ix EXPLANATORY EXCURSIONS: the original twelve itineraries still issued as sepa- rate leaflets and numbered in the order of their issue. These are now arranged in order of topography, beginning with lower Manhat- tan. ROUTES : the Excursions have been divided into Sections, each of which covers sufficient territory for an itinerary of about two hours. Prefixed to the Section numbers are Route numbers (running con- secutively from I to 60) which are also placed at the head of each page (abbreviation R). TYPE. Bold faced type is used for landmarks, tablets or other memorials in existence at the time of publication (1909). Italics indicate directions in routes ; historic sites. Small type indicates general historical accounts, descriptions of historic build- ings which have no visible trace or memorial. Small Capitals in such type indicate some place of importance represented by a name or memorial. KEY MAPS show the approximate location of the various Routes, the numbers thereon corresponding to Route numbers. PLATES : with but four exceptions the maps and diagrams have been specially prepared or redrawn for this Guide Book. The ILLUSTRATIONS in the text are from the set published by the City History Club; the full page inserts, with one exception, are from original photographs taken for the Guide Book. NOTES : blank pages for original notes are placed at the end of each Excursion, as changes in New York City are so rapid, the old giving place to the new, that accounts of landmarks must be con- stantly amended. SECOND EDITION:—* refers to Addenda and Corrections in- serted at the end of the various Routes, etc. X INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION Since 1909 many historic buildings have been destroyed, new monu- ments, statues and tablets have been erected, new streets and parks have been opened and some street names have been changed. More- over, errors in the first edition have been discovered and much additional matter added. The changes in the Bronx have been so great that nearly all the maps had to be redrawn. Plates V, XII and LXVII have also been redrawn. In order to save the expense of making entirely new electroplates, corrections and additions to the text have been inserted at the end of the various Routes, reference to them being made by means of asterisks. Part VI has been condensed and the Bronx portion rewritten : Appendix D has been entirely rewritten and the Index has been thoroughly revised. Thinner paper has been used in order to make the book lighter and more portable. The compiler and the editors welcome criticisms and suggestions, as they desire to make the work thoroughly reliable and complete. Fr.\xk Bergex Kellev. February, 1913. Xl GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY History of the City of New York," by ]Martha J. Lamb. " History of the City of New York," by 'Mrs. Burton Harrison (completing Lamb's History to 1896). The Memorial History of the City of New York," edited by James Grant Wilson. " Leslie's History of New York," edited by Dr. Van Pelt. " New York," (Historic Towns Series) by Theodore Roosevelt. " Story of the City of New York," (Great Cities of the Republic Series) by Charles Burr Todd. " A Brief History of the City of New York," by Charles Burr Todd. For a brief classified bibliography, see Ulmann's " Landmark His- tory of New York." For an exhaustive bibliography, see Bulletin 24 (35 cents) issued by the State Department at Albany. See also bibliographies at the beginning of each Excursion. 'The Dutch Schools of New Netherland and Colonial New York" (Bull. 12, 1912, U. S. Bureau of Education), by Wm. Heard Kilpatrick. ''History of the City of New Yo-k in the Seventeenth Century." by Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer. Annual Reports of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. xii CONTENTS PACE The Seal of New York City ix 1787 iii Preface i-^ Explanatory >^ . IXTRODUCTIOX TO THE SeCOXD EdITIOX xi Gexeral Bibliography xii PART ONE— MANHATTAN i New York's Development 3 Route I. Bowling Green (Excursion VII) . ... 11 Route 2. Trinity Church and Wall Street 23 Route 3. Pearl and Broad Streets 30 Route 4. The Battery and Governor's Island .... 33 Fraunces Tavern {Excursion VI) 39 Route 5. City Hall Park and Vicinity {Excursion I) . 49 Route 6. St. Paul's to Wall Street :8 Route 7. Wall Street to Franklin Square 61 Route 8. Greenwich Village {Excursion II) . ... 69. Route 9. Lispenard's IMeadows 77 Route 10. \\"a:5hington Square and Vicinity . ... 80 Route II. Bowery Village {Excursion III) 85 Route 12. The Bowery, Chatham Square and Collect Pond 95 Route 13. Corlaer's Hook and Grand Street to Broadway 99 Route 14. Union Square to Gramcrcy Park {Excursion 103 Route 15. ^Madison Square and Vicinity in Route 16. Love Lane and Chelsea Village 115 Route 17. Murray Hill to Central Park 117 Route 18. Bloomingdale and Hamilton Burr Duelling Ground 121 Route 19. ]\Iorningside Heights and INIanhattanville . . 125 ^ Battle of Harlem Heights I-8 Side Trip to Fort Lee 131 Route 20. Kip's Bay to Horn's Hook I33 The East River Islands 136 Route 21. Northern Central Park (Excursion IV) . . 141 Route 22. Nieuw Haerlem I47 Route 23. Hamilton Grange to Fort George . . . . 15 1 xiii CONTENTS PAGE Washington's Headquarters (Morris or Jumel Mansion) . 156 Route 24. Fort Washington 161 Route 25. Fort Washington Monument to Fort Washing- ton Park 165 Route 26. Fort Tryon 167 Route 27. Kingsbridge to Inwood 168 Route 28a. Colonial and Revolutionary Sites east of Broad- way ... 170 Route 28b. West of Broadway to Cold Spring .... 171 PART TWO— BOROUGH OF THE BRONX 176 Historical Sketch of the Bronx . 179 Route 29. Kingsbridge to the City Line {Excursion IX) . 181 Route 29a. Two Hundred and Forty-second Street to Yonkers 184 Route 29b. Western Bronx 185 Route 30. Central Bridge to University Heights . . . 187 Route 30a. University Heights to Jerome Park Reservoir . 190 Route 30b. Williamsbridge and Wakefield 191 Route 31. Harlem River to Hunt's Point 195 Route 32. Western Morrisania, Fordham and Bronx Park 199 Route 33. Throgg's Neck 203 Route 33a. Westchester Village 205 Route 34. City Island and Pelham Bay Park .... 209 Route 34a. Eastern Morrisania, West Farms and Eastchester 212 PART THREE— BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN .... 219 Historical Sketch of Brooklyn {Excursion XII) . . . 225 Route 35a. Williamsburg 227 Route 35b. Greenpoint 229 Route 35c. Bushwick 232 Route 36. Brooklyn Heights to Borough Hall {Excursion VIII) ' 241 Route 37. Fulton Street, Fort Greene Park and the Navy ard 243 Route 38. Prospect Park 245 Route 39. Flatbush 247 Route 40. Flatlands 249 Route 41. New Lots, East New York and Canarsie . . 253 Route 42. Brooklyn Bridge to Fort Hamilton . ... 257 Route 43. New Utrecht 259 xiv CONTENTS PAGE Route 43a. Gravesend and Coney Island 261 Notes on Flatlands 263 PART FOUR— BOROUGH OF QUEENS 269 Historical Sketch of Queens (Excursion XI) 274 Route 44. Hunter's Point and Stcinway to North Beach . 277 Route 45. Astoria to Steinway 281 Route 46. Maspeth and Laurel Hill . . . . . . . 287 Route 46a. South on Flushing Avenue 289 Route 47. Hunter's Point and Woodside to Corona . . 291 Route 48. Corona to Coe's Mill . 294 Route 49. Elmhurst (Newtown) . . ...... 297 Route 50. Middle Village 295 Route 51. Flushing 304 Route 52. Jamaica 310 PART FIVE— BOROUGH OF RICHMOND 319 Historical Sketch of Staten Island {Excursion X) . . . 324 Route 53. St. George to Holland's Hook 327 Route 54. St. George to New Springville 333 Route 55. St. George to Arrochar 335 Route 56. New Dorp 339 Route 57. Elm Tree Light 342 Route 58. Richrrsond Village 343 Route 59. Greenridge and Great Kills 345 Route 59a. Rossville and Woodrow 347 Route 60. Tottenville 349 Route 6oa. Princess Bay . 350 PART SIX— SPECIAL ROUTES 355 A. Routes for Children 357 B. Water Routes 360 C. Carriage and Automobile Routes 362 APPENDICES > A. The Milestones and the Old Post Road 371 ^Milestones in Bloom ingdale 375 B. Historical Monuments, Statues and Tablets .... 377 C. Notable Historic Buildings 391 D. Museums, Collections and Libraries 395 E. Historic Trees, Rocks and Other Objects 403 I^'dex 409 XV LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND :\IAPS PAGE I. Key ]\Iap, Borough of Manhattan 2 II. Duke's Map, 1661-5 to face 6 III. The Lyne-Bradford Map, 1728 . . . to face 6 IV. New Amsterdam, 1644 12 V. Routes i, 2, 3, 4 .... 13 VL Trinity Churchyard 24 VII. Governor's Island 34 VIII. Region of Fraunces Tavern, Showing Changes in Water Line 40 IX. Holland Map, 1776 50 X. Routes 5, 6, 7 50a XI. City Hall Park 52 XIL St. Paul's Churchyard . 58 XIII. Part of ]\Iontressor 'Map of 1775 : Greenwich and Environs 70 XIV. Routes 8 and 10 ... 74 XV. Anneke Jans Farm 77 XVI. Routes 8, 9 79 XVII. Portion of Ratzer Map, 1767 86 XVIII. Bouwerie Village 88 XIX. Route ii . 90 XX. Routes 12, 13 96 XXL Routes 14, 15, 16 104 XXIL Route 17 118 XXIIL Route 18 122 XXIV. Route 19, Battle of Harlem Hzights .... 128 XXV. Route 20 132 XXVL McGown's Pass and Vicinity, 1776 142 XXVII. Route 22, Nieuw Haerlem T48 XXVni. Route 23 152 XXIX. Routes 23, 24, 25 160 XXX. Fort Washington and its Related Fortifications 162 XXXI. Routes 23, 26, 28a . 166 XXXII. Routes 27, 28a, 28b 168 xvi PAGE XXXIII. Key Map to the Bronx 178 XXXIV, Routes 29, 29a, 29b 180 XXXV. Routes 30, 31, 32, 34a 186 XXXVI. Routes 30, 30a, 30b, 32 188 XXX VI I. Routes 30b, 34a 192 XXXVIII. Routes 31, 33, 34a 19 1 XXXIX. Routes 32, 34a 200 XL. Routes 33, 33a 206 XLI. Route 34 2c8 . XLII. Key Map to Brooklyn and Queens 220 XLI 1 1. Battle of Long Island 224 XLIV. Route 35 228 XLV. Greenpoint 2j,o XLVI. Route 35c 233 XLVII. Route 36 240 XLVIII. Route 37 24 ^ XLIX. Routes 38, 39 216 L. Route 40 250 LI. Route 41 252 LI I. Routes 42, 43 256 LIII. Route 43a 261 LIV. Old Tracts and Roads in X^ewtown .... 272 LV. Routes 44, 47 276 - LVI. Route 45 282 LVII. Route 46 286 LVI 1 1. Routes 47, 48, 50 290 LIX. Route 49 298 LX. Route 51 305 LXI. Route 52 310 LXII. Modern Jamaica 311 LXIII. Key Map to Richmond 322 LXIV. Route 53 326 LXV. Route 54 332 LXVI. Route 55 336 LXVII. Routes 56, 57, 58 340 LXVIIT. Route 58 343 LXIX. Route 59 346 LXX. Routes 60, 6oa 348 xvii ^ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Manhattan, 1606; 1909 . . . , . . , . . . .Frontispiece The Fort in Kieft's Day 4 The Block House and City Gate 5 Broad Street Canal 6 The Purchase of Manhattan 16 Bowling Green and the Battery . 18 Bowling Green and the Custom House, 1909 . . .facing page 18 English City Hall and Trinity Church 27 The Stadt Huys, i6;?9 facing pag^ 31 The Clermont, 1807 36 Former Appearance of Fraunces Tavern . 42 Fraunces Tavern, 1909; Washington's Farewell . facing page 46 Fraunces Tavern, 1904 47 City Hall, 1909 facing page 48 Croton Water Procession, 1842 56 Sappokanican 72 St. John's Chapel . . . x Minetta Street ( 95 Morton Slreet ... i Hudson near Watts Street. Collect Pond 94 Hamilton Grange, 1804 150 Washington's Headquarters, 1909 facing page 156 Van Cortlandt Mansion facing page 180 St. Paul's Church, Eastchester ) r • . o Poe Cottage, Fordham . . f ^"""^ ^"^^ '^8 Fulton Ferry, 1746 222 Schenck House. Carnarsie Park ...» Van Nuyse-Magaw Homestead, Flatlands ( ^ ^ ^^^.^^ ^^^^ Van Wyck House, Flatlands C Van Brunt House, New Lots . . . . ' facing page 72 xviii Van Derveer Mill Wheel . Gerritsen Tide Mill, Flatlands / ' . Lott Smoke House, Flatlands [ ^"'"'^ ^"^^ ^^o facing page 274 Hand Made Shingles King Mansion, Jamaica . Moore House, Elmhurst . Bowne Homestead, Flushing Quaker Ivleeting House, Flushing / Guyon-Clarke House, New Dorp Lake-Tysen House, Karles Neck . / . . Christopher House, Willow Brook J • • • • ^"^'"^ P"^'^ 324 Moravian Church, New Dorp . / Billopp House, Tottenville facing page 348 15 Milestone ... 9 Milestone . . . . / I Milestone . . . . t ^"^"'^ t""^' 372 New Utrecht Milestone ^ Eleventh ^Milestone Unveiling, May 30, 1912 370 xix PART ONE MANHATTAN Excursions VII, VI, I, II, III, V and IV. Routes 1—28 PART ONE: MANHATTAN. NEW YORK'S DEVELOPMENT AS SHOWN BY THE TRACES OF OLD ROADS AND STREETS. By Albert Ulmann. Author of ''A Landmark History of New York." Tradition furnishes an account to the effect that the first habita- tions of white men on the Island of Manhattan consisted of four houses or huts erected in 1613 on a site now known as 41 Broadway where a bronze tablet commemorates this interesting circumstance. From this simple beginning the settlement grew until some thirty cabins, clustered near the southern end of the island, constituted the little town. Then a general conflagration took place and much damage was done. Before this first of the great fires that have visited Manhattan, in 1626, the lines of a fort were laid out, occupying the site of the present Custom House, the work being completed in 1633-5. Iri those days the shore line was less extended than at present so that the fort easily commanded the entrance to both the Hudson and East Rivers, the water coming up to the line of the present State Street. Fort Amsterdam, as the work was called, built of earth and stone and hav- ing four bastions, rose proudly above the group of small houses and became the distinctive feature of New Amsterdam. In the earliest views of the settlement, such as that of Joost Hartger published in 1651, it stands forth as the dominating landmark of the little hamlet that occupied the southern end of the Island of Manhattan. The main gate of the fort opened on the present Bowling Green, which from^ the earliest days was maintained as an open space. It was, in fact, the heart of the old Dutch town. It provided a playground for the children, a site for the May-pole around which the youths and maidens danced, a parade ground for the soldiers and a place for the great market and the annual cattle show. Here, also, those great meetings with the Indians were held at which treaties were ar- ranged and the pipe of peace was smoked. (Excursion VII.) 3 HISTORICAL GUIDE NEW YORK'S DEVELOPMENT The first streets were laid out in a liapliazarcl manner and the town grew up in a random fashion, the first settlers placing their houses according to the dictates of their fancy. Thus footpaths and cow- paths gradually developed into thoroughfares and produced the tangle of streets that characterizes lower New York to this day. Naturally, roadways leading to the fort assumed shape at an early date, two main paths heing established in this wise. One of these paths led to the ferry connecting the town with Brooklyn, the other passed north- ward in a general way along the center of the island. The first of these main roads was practically a shore path following the present line of Stone and Pearl Streets and terminating at about the present Peck Slip. The second fixed the line of lower Broadway, leading northward from the fort as far as Park Row (Tnnes says via Ann Street to Park Row), following this and the Bowery and passing on finally into the wilderness. A third pathway was developed when the palisade was erected along the present line of \Y:i\\ Street. Block-House and City Gate. Reproduced by permission from Todd's ** The Story of the City of New York": G. r. rut nam's Sons. 5 HISTORICAL GUIDE Broad Street, 1663. Reproduced by permission from Todd's "The Story of the City of New York**: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Besides these primitive thoroughfares, two other pathways were laid out at an early date. Along the present Broad Street a canal extended as far as Beaver Street v^here it narrowed to a ditch and drained a swamp that extended northward to about Exchange Place. On either side of the canal because, no doubt, of the pleasant sug- gestions of similar scenes at home, the early settlers erected dwellings and a promenade was thus established. East and west of the Broad Street canal, and intersecting it, there was a second ditch which became a pathway and is now known as Beaver Street. The origin of Wall Street supplies another interesting chapter to the story of Njw York's old thoroughfares. The wooden wall that was erected along the line to which the name still clings was built in 1653 to protect the town against a threatened invasion of New Eng- landers, a lithe, slippery, aggressive race," whom the Dutch looked upon half in fear and half in scorn. The invasion never took place, but the wall remained for nearly half a century and succeeded nobly in keeping the town from growing beyond its useless barrier. 6 Platk III: Lvnk-Bradford Map, 171*8 Photographed from H. D. Tylers Reproductions NEW YORK'S DEVELOPMENT In the meantime, the Indians inadvertently became the cause of an important road development. In the early Dutch days several bouw- eries or farms had been established northward of the town, the most distant belonging to Governor Stuyvesant, located in the neighborhood of Tenth Street and Second Avenue. In 1655, the Indians made a number of attacks on the outlying settlers, killing several farmers and their wives. As a measure of protection against such atrocities, an order was issued commanding all settlers to abandon isolated farms and to concentrate in hamlets. This led to the formation of a little colony in the neighborhood of Stuyvesant bouwerie and to the devel- opment of the road that connected it with the town, called in those days the Bouwerie Lane and, subsequently, the Bowery. . Three years later the murder of a prominent settler who had purchased the flats on which the Village of Haarlem was afterwards built, led to the establishment of a hamlet in that neighborhood and to the extension of the Bouwerie Lane outward to the northern end of the island. An interesting representation of New Amsterdam's outlines and main thoroughfares has fortunately been preserved in the form of a map generally known as The Duke's Plan," being a draft made in 1664 for the Duke of York upon the capture of the town by the Eng- lish and showing how it looked in 1661 ; the original of the map is in the British Museum. In course of time, new paths beyond the "Wall" were developed.- One of these along^ a rippling stream was called by the Dutch " The Maiden's Path," w^hich the English later translated into Maiden Lane. Whether this title was due to its service as a lover's lane or, as those of a more prosaic nature allege, to its use as a spot where maidens went to do the family washing, will remain in obscurity. The tendency of the city's growth, as shown by a study of a series of the early maps, was northeastward, the western section, together with Broadway, remaining undeveloped. A map of 1728 from a sur- vey by James Lyne and printed by New York's first printer, William Bradford, clearly exhibits the direction of growth. It appears that the shipping interests extended along the East River and this factor in- fluenced the location of warehouses in the neighborhood, as well as the establishment of all sorts of business places near the ferry, in order to capture the Long Island trade. Broadway was, in reality, a distant and unfrequented part of the town. Near Bowling Green there were some five houses, but north of Crown Street (present Liberty Street), there was merely a stretch of open fields. On the map this section appears as the King's Farm. The story of this farm is an interesting 7 HISTORICAL GUIDE and important chapter in the history of New York and it remains a factor to this day. In Dutch days there was a tract between the present Fulton and Warren Streets, extending from Broadway west- ward to the river, known as the Company's Farm, which was set aside to be tilled for the benefit of the Company's civil and military serv- ants. When the English came into control, this property became the private land of the Duke of York. In 1670, additional land was bought from the heirs of Anneke Jans, the farm being then ex- tended to about Christopher Street. When the Duke of York be- came king this tract was called the King's Farm and subsequently, in the days of Anne, the Queen's Farm. In 1705, the entire estate was granted to the " English Church in the Island of New York," (now Trinity) which still retains possession of it. No doubt this very fact, namely that the land belonged to the church, helped to prevent the development of that section, the inhabitants naturally preferring to build where they could acquire title to the land. In the meantime, that portion of Manhattan known to this day as Greenwich Village was developing along lines of its own. The original village occiipied the region between West Tenth Street and the present site of Gansevoort Market. Here in the earliest days was an Indian settlement selected by the knowing Red Men fjr its fer- tility, good fishing and hunting. The Dutch converted the section into a farm and farmers were easily attracted to the fertile spot. For a number of years it retained its Indian title of Sappokanican, but about the year 1720 the name was changed to Greenwich. It grew in popularity and in the course of time became the abiding place of a number of prominent people. Naturally, a line of communication was established between the town and the village, the Greenwich Road along the line practically of the present Greenwich Street being the most direct route. This became a fashionable driveway, but owing to the fact that it crossed Lispenard's Meadows and Minetta Water where there was a causeway, and that after a rain the road became very bad, people frequently gave preference to the Bowery, turning westward at Astor Place where there was a cross road. As has already been mentioned, Greenwich developed along lines of its own, the result being that when the city grew up to it and streets were joined, a hopeless tangle ensued causing such extraor- dinary and startling occurrences as the intersection of West Fourth and Tenth Streets. (Excursion II.). The picturesque Bloomingdale Road which yielded to the aristo- cratic title of Boulevard and subsequently became plain Broadway, 8 NEW YORK'S DEVELOPMENT was opened in 1703, at which time it extended from about Twenty- third Street to One Hundred and Fourteenth Street. In 1795 it was laid out to One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street where it formed a junction with the Kingsbridge Road. Bloomingdale, which bestowed its pleasantly suggestive name (vale of flowers) upon the roadway that traversed its tract of fine estates, covered the space from about Madison Square to the neighborhood of One Hundredth Street and contained a number of stately mansions nearly all of which have been supplanted by crowded modern structures. The name survives in the designation Bloomingdale Square," conferred in 1906 on the open space in front of the Bloomingdale Reformed Church at One Hundred and Sixth Street and Broadway. (Excur- sion V.) Kingsbridge Road was the old Post Road to Albany and to New England. It has disappeared from the modern map. As in the case of the Bloomingdale Road, which it joined at One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street, continuing northward along the western section of the island, its name has been supplanted by that of Broad- way. The unvarying rectilinear and rectangular plan of streets that con- signed J^Ianhattan to its prosaic gridiron was the work of a Com- mission consisting of Gouverneur Morris, Simeon De Witt and John Rutherford, appointed in 1807. This Commission, after four years of prodigious effort, evolved the monotonous scheme that has ef- fectively prevented the realization of a city bea^.itiful. Some of the remarks of the worthy com.missioners are decidedly interesting. Circles, ovals and stars," it seems, strongly tempted them, but they did not flinch from their sense of duty. Acknowledging that such fanciful forms would certainly embellish a plan, they remembered that the city, after all, was to be composed principally of the habita- tions of men and that straight-sided and right-angled houses were " the most cheap to live in," and the effect of this economic reasoning was decisive. Referring to another problem with which the commissioners A'restled and which disturbed their consciences to a considerable de- gree, a statement appears as follows : " It may to many be a matter of surprise that so few vacant spaces have been left, and those so small, for the benefit of fresh air and consequent preservation of health," " Had New York been situated near little streams like the Seine or the Thames," reasoned the far-seeing commissioners, " a great number of ample spaces might have been necessary, but Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE being embraced by large arms of the sea, neither from the point of view of health nor pleasure was such a plan necessary. Besides, considering the uncommonly great price of land/' said the prudent commissioners, it was along the line of duty to be economical." Another comment is worth repeating : " To some," they remarked, *^ it may be a matter of surprise that the whole island has not been laid out as a city. To others it may be a subject of merriment that the commissioners have provided space for a greater population than is collected at any spot on this side of China. They have in this respect been governed by the shape of the ground. It is not im- probable that considerable numbers may be collected at Harlem before the high hills to the southward of it shall be built upon as a city; and it is improbable that (for centuries to come) the grounds north of Harlem Flat will be covered with houses." This was just one century ago. Cautious commissioners ! To have gone further," they explained, " might have furnished materials to the pernicious spirit of speculation." ore EXCURSION NO. VII.— NEW YORK CITY, SOUTH OF WALL STREET. By FRAx^^K Bergen Kelley. Corrected with the aid of Albert Ulmann, J. H, Innes and Charles Hemstreet. Copyright, i8g8 and 1905, by the City History Club of New York. Revised 1908, igog and 1912 HISTORICAL GUIDE T A Church in FoTL 3. Director (/em C. Store House £//> err Ph o o o c ir. O CO c c75 U /nJ^'.r to Monuments in Trinity Churchyard. "4 - It, U ^ U c ° 3 P3 h4 o ^ . -2 o n M-( ^ ^ h4 S ^' d Ph* a p^" c/i H ;d > 2 -0 Hf; 12; c c K E c < ^ U « u y 25 Route 2 HISTORICAL GUIDE Wall Go east on Wall Street, so called from the palisade built in 1653 by Stuy- vesant to defend New Amsterdam, and removed in 1699 when some of the material was worked into the new City Hall. The Land Poort, or gate, was at Broadway and the Water Poort at Pearl Street where a Half Moon Battery was located. Bastions stood on the sites of the rear of Trinity Churchyard, 4 Wall Street, the Sub-Treasury, 44 Wall Street and the head of Hanover Street. In 1673 the western line of the palisade was turned south to the shore at Rector Street, the wall was surveyed and Wall Street officially established in 1685 by Governor Dongan.* 7 20. Site of the First Presbyterian Churchy just east of the head of New Street. Here Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield preached. The building was used as a hospital by the British during the Revolution. (Excursion H, 17, and Excursion V, Section 1:10.) Note the jog in the sidewalk at the northwest corner of Nassau Street (old Piewoman's Lane or Kip Street) over which Federal Hall projected. 21. The Sub-Treasury, on the site of the Colonial City Hall (1699-1812). The old building contained the Court Rooms, Common Council Chamber, jail, a debtors* prison, accommodations for the fire department and a library, the predecessor of the New York So- ciety Library. In front, at the head of Broad Street, stood the cage, pillory, stocks and whipping post. Here was won the Zenger Case securing the freedom of the press, and here, in 1765, the Stamp Act Congress met. In 1785 it was used as the State Capitol and here the Continental Congress met. In 1788 the building was reconstructed by Major Pierre Charles TEnfant (who later planned the City of Washington) and was known as Federal Hall. It was used by the first Congress under the Constitution. Here Washington took the oath of office on April 30, 1789. When the capital was removed to Philadelphia, this building became the State Capitol and so remained until 1797. Here, in 1804, the New York Historical Society was founded. In 1812 the building was torn down and the present building erected as the Custom House which in 1862 was remodeled for a Sub- Treasury. Note the statue of Washington by J. Q. A. Ward, erected in 1883 by public subscription under the auspices of the Chamber 26 Street MANHATTAN 2 Route 27 Route 2 HISTORICAL GUIDE Wall of Commerce. At the foot of this statue there was formerly a great slab of brown stone on which Washington stood while taking the oath of office. It has been enclosed in a bronze frame, covered with glass and placed upon the south wall of the interior of the building. Part of the railing of the balcony from which Washington delivered his first inaugural address is in the building of the New York His- torical Society and a second part is in front of Bellevue Hospital. The tablet on the west front of the Sub-Treasury was erected in 1905 by the Ohio Company of Associates to commemorate the passage by the Congress here assembled in 1787 of the Ordinance of 1787, and the purchase by the Ohio Company of Associates of lands in the North- west Territory on which, in 1788, they made their first settlement at Marietta. The tablet on the east front represents Washington in prayer at Valley Forge (presented by John T. Clancy; J. E. Kelley, sculptor), erected February 22, 1907, by Lafayette Post, No. 140, G. A. R. 22. The U. S. Assay Office, 32 Wall Street, built in 1823 on the site of the Verplanck mansion, formerly used as the United States Bank and Treasury, is the oldest federal building now^ standing in Manhattan. Alexander Hamilton's law office stood at (formerly 57) Wall Street, on the site of the Mechanics' National Bank. 23. Bank of the Manhattan Company, 40 Wall Street, the second oldest bank of New York, founded by the Manhattan Com- pany in 1799 which, by the aid of Aaron Burr, was chartered ostensibly to supply New York wnth drinking water. Within the bank is a piece of the old wooden water pipe; the Manhattan water tank still stands on Centre Street, near Duane (Excursion HI :23). The Merchants' Bank, 42 Wall Street, is the third oldest bank, organized in 1803. 24. The corner stone oi' the Bank of New York is at the northeast corner of Wall and William Streets and bears the following inscription : " This corner-stone of the Bank of New York was laid June 22, 1797,. by Gulian Verplanck, Esq., the President, Geo. Doolett, Architect." This is the oldest New York bank and one of the oldest three in the United States. It was founded by Alexander Hamihon and others in 1784, at the Merchants' Coffee House.* 7 On the corner of Wall and William Streets (near Governor Tryon's house) stood the marble statue of William Pitt, erected, there in 1770 to honor his defence of the rights of the colonists. It waa 28 Street MANHATTAN 2 Route mutilated by British soldiers and may now be seen in the building of the New York Historical Society. At 52 Wall Street, in the Directors* Room of the New York Life Insurance and Trust Company, is the corner stone of the United States Branch Bank, which formerly occupied this site. The stone is dated June 13, 1797. 25. Tablet, 56 Wall Street, erected by the Canadian Society of New York, in 1903, to commemorate ^lorris Robinson, first president of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, who here established the business of modern life insurance on the American Continent. 26. The old U. S. Custom House (now remodeled and the property of the National City Bank) occupies the site of the Mcr- chants' Exchange (burnt in the fire of 1835) ; became the Custom House in 1862. 27. Tontine Building, Wall Street, between Pearl and Water Streets, is on the site of the Tontine Coffee House (1793) where the Cham^ber of Commerce and many other organizations met. The Merchants' Coffee House was erected in 1740 on the southeast corner, and the region was known as Coffee House Slip. Here were held several important demonstrations by the patriots before the Revolution. 28. Site of the M,,cal Market, also used as a city slave market, in the middle of Wall, near Water Street. Washington landed at Mur- ray's Wharf near by, April 23, 1789, when he came to be inaugurated. Note, 1912: The Assay Office (22, p. 28) is to be torn down in 1913 to make way for a larger structure for the same uses. 29 Route 3 HISTORICAL GUIDE Pearl Street ROUTE 3 SECTION III.— PEARL AND BROAD STREETS. This part of Pearl Street was in early days known as the Road to the Ferry, Go south on Pearl Street. 29. At 119-121 Pearl Street lived Gen. Jean Victor Moreau, who tried to assassinate Napoleon Bonaparte. Captain Kidd lived on the same site about 1691. Hanover Square, named for George I of Hanover, was the fashionable center, and " Printing House Square " of English New York. 30. Tablet on Cotton Exchange, erected by the New York Historical Society, to mark the site of the first New York newspaper office, Bradford's New York Gazette, 1725. Other papers were pub- lished near by. William Street (named for William of Orange, later William HI), between Stone and Pearl Streets, was Burger's Path. North of Stone Street it was Smee or Smith Street, opened 1656-7. 31. Marble tablet, 90 Pearl Street, commemorates the great fire of 1835, which destroyed $20,000,000 worth of property, between Wall Street (the old Merchants' Exchange) and Coenties Slip, and led to the more rapid completion of the Croton Aqueduct. 32. Tablet, 81 Pearl Street, erected by the New York Historical Society, marks the site of Bradford's first printing press (1693). 33. Tablet, 73 Pearl Street, erected by the Holland Society, to mark the site of Kieft's Stadt Herbergh or Tavern (1641-2), which became the Stadt Huys, or first City Hall of New York (1653-4). Coenties Alley, or Stadt Huys Lane, is the original street from the shore to Hoogh (Stone) Street. The Stadt Huys was used as a jail, debtors' prison, court house, city hall and public storehouse. Governor Lovelace had a tavern next door. A well, pillory and stocks were located on the river shore in front of the Stadt Huys. 34. Coenties Slip is named for Conraet (" Coenties ") Ten Eyck, who lived here. The Slip " was not filled in until about 1835, and the site is occupied by Jeannette Park, named for the Herald Arctic Expedition ship. Part of the Erie Canal fleet lies here.*S 35. Fraunces Tavern, 54 Pearl Street, corner of Broad Street (see Excursion VI). In the middle of Broad Street, just below Fraunces Tavern, was the first Merchants' Exchange, 30 I Broad Street MANHATTAN 3 Route Opposite Fraunces Tavern, to the west, see the Bush Terminal Company's building; style, eleventh century Gothic, with gargoyles of old mariners' heads (as the upper floor is occupied by the " Jolly Mariners" dining club). Pearl Street was the original shore line from the east side of Whitehall Street north. At the foot of Broad (near Pearl) Street the Great Dock was located in Governor Dongan's time. Gradually the shore line was extended to Water, Front and South Streets, but the work was not completed until after the Revolution. Go Up Broad Street " Blommacrt's Vly " was a swampy region, extending along Broad Street from Exchange Place to South William Street, originally imperfectly drained by a creek running through the present Broad Street, which the Dutch converted into a ditch in 1647 ai^d the Heere Gracht or canal in 1657. A street was laid out on either side of the canal, and it became^ a favorite residence district. After becoming a public nuisance, it was filled in in 1676. Traces of the swamp are found during the construction of tall buildings, it being necessary to ex- cavate many feet to secure solid foundations. At Bridge Street a small bridge crossed the canal. Stone Street, east of Broad Street, was the Dutch Hoogh or High Street, in English days Duke Street, connecting with Pearl Street at Hanover Square, as part of the old Road to the Ferry, Beaver Street, called Bever Gracht, led to the swamp in Broad Street, and was drained by a small canal or ditch. Go east on South William Street. 36. Site of the Horse Mill or Bark Mill, 32-34 South William Street. This was one of the first mills built by the West India Company (1626). In its upper story were held the first regular religious services (1628-33) of .the Dutch Church. Here, August 29, 1664, " by eight of the clock in the morning, at the Old Mill," took place the final exchange of the documents marking the surrender of New Amsterdam to the English (Innes). It was later used by the Jews until they erecte.-! their first synagogue on the opposite side of the street. For a time the building or a part of it was occupied by the negro slaves of the West India Company. 37. Mill Stones in the rear of i8 South William Street (or of 40 Beaver Street) supposed to have been used in this mill. Two of these stones have been placed in the foundation of the Temple Shearith Israel at 99 Central Park West, in commemoration of this first synagogue. Note. — So say some writers, but Innes states that the Tews never occupied Bark Mill and that their synagogue was on the north sicfe of the street and several doors east of the old mill. He also believes that the present mill stones ^ came from a later mill in this vicinity (see article on '* The Bark Mill " in the " Quarterly Federation of Churches," Vol. Ill, No. 5, 1905). 38. " Mill Lane," also known as Ellets' or Elliotts* Alley (con- necting South William with Stone Street), was opened in 1656-7 to connect Slyck Stcegh with Hoogh Street. At 1,3 South William Street see house built in imitation of the old Dutch *' crow-step '* Style. 31 Route 3 HISTORICAL GUIDE Broad Street Go west on Beaver Street. 39. Ancient marble columns (brought from Pompeii) at the en- trance of the Delmonico Building, South William and Beaver Streets. 40. Marinus Willett Tablet, northwest corner of Broad and Beaver Streets, erected in 1892 by the Sons of the Revolution to mark the site of the seizure of arms by the Sons of Liberty from British soldiers, June 6, 1775. See representation on the tablet of old Broad Street and Federal Hall and the medallion head of Willett. Go north on Broad Street, passing 41. Site of the New or South Dutch Church on Tuyen or Garden Street (now Exchange Place) between Broad and William Streets, built in 1691-3, adjoining the land of the widow of Dominie Drisius. The land just below Wall Street, between Broadway and Pearl Street, was used by the Dutch as the first common or Schaap Waytie. 42. New York Stock Exchange, organized in 1792 by a group of brokers who met first under a buttonwood tree in front of 70 Wall Street, and held daily meetings a few months later at the Tontine Coffee House (see 27). After meeting in various places the present site, 10-12 Broad Street, was purchased in 1863. Traces of the old swamp made the con- struction of the present building (opened 1903) a difficult engineer- ing feat. The architect of the present building was George B. Post and the sculptor of the pediment (typifying the movement of American com- merce) was J. Q. A. Ward. 32 Battery MANHATTAN 4 Route ROUTE 4- SECTION IV— THE BATTERY AND GOVERNOR'S ISLAND. Take Elevated R. R. to Battery Plaee or Subway to Bowling Green and walk west. The original Battery was a line of cannon extending from the foot of Greenwich Street to the intersection of Whitehall and Water Streets. The work was begun by Governor Fletcher (1693) and strengthened about 1750. The land beyond this line was under water until after 1800. 43. The Aquarium, built about 1807-11 as the South West Bat- tery, to defend New York. Land under water was ceded to the Congress by the city for thi^ purpose. The fort, about 300 feet from shore, later called " Castle Clinton," was built on a mole and con- nected with the city by a bridge. The embrazures for the 30 heavy guns may still be seen. In 1822 it was ceded to the State and in 1823 leased to the city and in 1824 was leased as a public amuse- ment hall^ known as Castle Garden. It was roofed over, and was the scene of Lafayette's-' reception in 1824. In 1847 it became an opera house. Here Jenny Lind sang (1850) and Kossuth (1851) was re- ceived. In 1855 it became the Immigration Bureau (until 1891), and soon afterward the remainder of the Battery Park was filled in. In 1896 the building was opened as an Aquarium, and was transferred in 1902 to the care of the New York Zoological Society. It is open free daily including Sundays (except Monday forenoons), from 10 A. M. until 4 p. M. in winter and from 9 a. m. until 5 p. M. in summer. See within tablets, pictures of the orignal interior, bombproofs, the old fireplace in the cellar and the original casemates. LTpstairs see ^ a blue platter presented by the Misses Earle, showing the fort in 1815. Note the great doors and sentry's exit.* 9, 10 44. Statue of John Ericsson (by Hartley, and presented by him to the city in 1903), the inventor of the Monitor, which defeated the Confederate ironclad Virginia (or Merrimae) , at Hampton Roads on March 9, 1862, and thereby saved New York from bombardment. See the commemorative tablets on the sides, representing the chief in- ventions of Ericsson. 00 Route 4 HISTORICAL GUIDE Govemor*s 45. Flagstaff, a little south of the site where Van Arsdale tore down the British flag from the greased pole and raised the American Flag on Evacuation Day, November 25, 1783. During the tunnel excavation there have been found remains of the pier and plank road connecting with the original shore, built by Commodore Vander- bilt for his steam ferry to Staten Island.* 11 46. Govern-jr*s Island. (Secure pass several days in advance from Commandant, Fort Jay.) The Indian name of the irland (about 65 acres, exclusive of the recently "made land") was Pagganck. and tlie Dutch Nooteu, or \ut Island: it was bought in 1637 from the Indians by Wouter Van Twiller. Here he built a saw-mill and pastured goats. In 1698 it was set aside by the Assembly for the benefit of the royal governors, hence its present name. It was temporarily a quarantine station for Cierman Protestants or Palatines in 1710. In^ 1730 it became part of New York City and in 1788 of the County of New York. In 1755 Sir Wm. Pepperell's regiment en route for Canada was quartered here. In April, 1776, Colonel Prescott's Bunker Hill regiment of Continental troops occupied the island and threw up fortifications which they held until after the 34 Island MANHATTAN 4 Route Rattle of Long Island, when all retreated in safety to Manhattan. The British held it from 1776 to 1783. Little remains of the old works except the wkll on the eastern sitie. In 1790 Columbia College was given possession of the island for a time with the right to lease it for a term of twenty-one years. The present fortifications were begun about 1794 and completed in 1812. Fort Columbus replaced part of the old works in 1809 and Castle Williams was com- pleted in 181 1. In 1800 the island was ceded by the State to the Federal gov- ernment, and in 182 1 it became a military heachiuarters. In 1852 it was the chief depot of the United States Recruiting Service and military prisoners were confined here during the Civil War. In 1878 the island became the head- quarters of the Department of the East. Take Governor's Island Ferry, near the Barge Office, After landing, take central path, passing on the left the department offices and on the right piles of old ordnance. The Military Museum contains many relics of former wars. Fort Jay (old Fort Columbus) has a well preserved moat, draw- bridge, parapet and guns. The barracks here are still in use. Castle Williams is used as a miUtary prison.* 12 Note the Saluting Battery on the south shore. Much land has been reclaimed from the bay. The South East Battery is a small w^ork well preserved. The Chapel of St. Cornelius contains several trophies and com- memorative banners. The house of the Commander of the De- partment of the East is on the old Parade Ground, flanked by two cannon. Interesting water trips may also be made from, the Battery to the . Statue of Liberty (boats hourly, 25 cents), on Bedloe's or Liberty Island. This island was patented to Isaac Bedloe by Governor Nicoll when it was known as Oyster Island (called for a short time Love Island). Captain Kennedy became the proprietor after the death of Bedloe. In 1758 the island was purchased by the city for a small-pox hospital. About 1800 it was ceded to the United States. Fort Wood was built here as a defence for the city. Within the star-shaped fort is the Statue of Liberty, by Bartholdi, completed in 1883 and presented by France. The pedestal was erected by popular subscription in the United States ; the statue was unveiled in 1886. Note the view from the head of the statue over the Bay, Staten Island, Long Island, Manhattan and New Jersey.* 13 Ellis Island (pass secured from the Commissioner of Immigration; boats frequently from Pier i. North River). In Dutch days this was a favorite resort for oyster feasts, hence :alled Oyster Island. Later it was known as Gibbet Island from /he fact that a pirate by the name of Gibbs was hung there. It was sold by the State to the National Government in 1808 and was long occupied by a magazine. In 1891 it became an immigrant station and, after a fire in 1897, the present buildings were erected. 35 HISTORICAL GUIDE MANHATTAN ADDENDA— 1912 * I. (p. 15) No. 13 Greenwich Street was once the United States Hotel: see marble pillars. No. 15 Greenwich Street was the Punta Rosrsa House, the name of which may still be deciphered. ' No. 27 Greenwich Street was an old mansion of which the massive fiont door remains. * I a. (p. 17) The Stevens House was the original Delmonico's res- taurant. Burr is said to have occupied the old house. No. 5 Morris Street. * 2. (p. 17) A stained glass window in the Bowling Green Building, by E. A. Abbey, represents Dutchmen rolling ninepins here, but there are no records to prove that bowling was done here before 1732, when the English game was played. * 3. (p. 19) There are three tablets on the Custom House: (1) (on the west side of the entrance staircase), erected 191 2 by the Order of the Alhambra, to mark the site of the first mass said on the j island of Manhattan, in the Governor's residence, in 1683, by the Rev. I Thomas Harvey, S.J., chaplain to Governor Dongan. (2) (next to i) erected by the New York State Society of the Order of Founders and Patriots of America in 1909, to mark the site of Fort Amsterdam, later Fort George, the exploration of the Hudson River, the founding of New Amsterdam, and the establishment of American independence; on the tablet is inscribed an outline of Fort Crcorge from a plan made in 1774 by Gerard Bancker. (3) (within the rotunda) erected by the Holland Society of New York, originally placed in 1890 on a building in Steamship Row, to mark the site of the first substantial church edifice on the island of Manhattan and of Government House. * 4. (p. 20) Old buildings at Nos. i and 2 State Street, comer of White- hall, used until 19 12 by the Seamen's Church Institute. These were I residences of the Cole family before 1800 and are still owned by their ij descendants. The Eastern Hotel, one block below at No. i South Street, was a || warehouse, originally two stories high, erected in 1796 by John Cole, II flour merchant and captain of a packet ship. The beams are of solid mahogany brought over from South America in ballast. The building was ; reconstructed as a hotel and opened in 1822 as the Eagle Hotel under the I management of Frank Foot, a relaf ve of Daniel Webster. Here were 37 HISTORICAL GUIDE entertained Robert Fulton, Jenny Lind, Daniel Webster, Commodore Vanderbilt and other notables. * 5. (p. 20) 12' Tablet in the court of the Produce Exchange, facing Stone Street, erected 19 10 by the New York Schoolmasters' Club to mark the site of the school of Adam Roelantsen, 1638. * 6. (p. 25) It is claimed that the body of Lord Sterling has been removed from this grave. The body of Fulton is to be removed to the Fulton Water Gate on Riverside Drive. The body of Philip Kearny was removed April 11, 1912, to Arlington, Va., after lying in state in Trinity Church and City Hall. The Statues of the EvangeHsts in the tower were the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Whitehouse; see tablet erected in the porch of the tower in 1901. * 7. (pp. 26 and 28) 23' Tablet at 48 Wall Street, erected 1909 by the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of New York to mark a bastion of the Wall. * 8. (p. 30) Lantern and Memorial Tablet to commemorate the fidelity of the officers and crew of the steamer Titanic (destroyed 1912 by an iceberg) to be erected by public subscription on the new building of the Seaman's Institute at the foot of Coenties Slip in 1912-13 See good specimens of early cannon at No. 61 Front Stioet, between Old Slip and Cuyler's Alley. An old cannon is set in the ground at the comer of Water Street and Old Slip. * 9. (p. 33) Tablet on the west wall north of the entrance, erected 1909 by the New York Zoological Society to mark events of importance in connection with the history of the Aquarium. Tablets within, erected by the City, to commemorate the acquisition, 1896, of thir, building by the Park Department for an Aquarium. * 10. (p. 33) 43' Statue of Verrazzano, east of the Aquarium, erected 1909, by Italian residents of New York City, to commemorate the visit of Veriazzano in 1524 to New York Harbor. * II. (p. 34) The present flagstaff was originally a steel mast from the yacht Constitution, * 12. (p. 35^ Castle Williams was built in 1809-1811 by Gen. Jonathan Williams, Chief Engineer of the American Army, as a defence in the War of 18 12. Gen. Williams also built or supervised the construction of Castle Clinton and Fort Lafayette. * 13. (p. 35) Tablet witliin the entrance to the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty, erected by Georgina Schuyler to the memory of Emma Lazarus, who in 1883 wrote The New Colossus, 33 EXCURSION NO, VI.— FRAUNCES TAVERN. By Frank Bergen Kelley. Corrected with the aid of Edward Ilagaman Hall, Secretary of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society and Henry Russell Drowne, Secretary of the Sons of the Revolution. Copyright, 1898 and 1905, by the City History Club of New York. Revised 1912 HISTORICAL GUIDE MANHATTAN 3 Route FRAUNCES TAVERN SITE. The site on which Fraunces Tavern stands was originally on or nearly on the edge of the shore line of the East River, subsequently extended two or more blocks by the filling-in process. In or hcfore 1671 it came into the pos- session of Col. Stephen Van Cortlandt, son of Oloff Stevenson Van Cortlandt, a soldier of the Dutch West India Company, who arrived at New Amsterdam in 1637 and was appointed Commissary or Superintendent of Cargoes at the Port of New Amsterdam. In 1642 he married Annetje Loockerman, sister ot the leading merchant of New Amsterdam and an Indian trader. He estab- lished a brewery on " Brouwer (brewery) Straat " now Stone Street, about 1648, was Burgomaster 1655-C5 and one of the Commissioners to arrange for the surrender of New Amsterdam. His descendants were lords of \'an Cort- landt Manor. Col. Stephen Van Cortlandt built a cottage on the corner of Broad and Dock (later Queen), now Pearl Street, in 1671 and brought his young wife, (lertrude Schuyler, here to live. The "Gracht" or Canal lay in front of the house until it was filled up in 1678. In 1700 he deeded his property to his son-in-law, Etienne (or Stephen) DeLancey, a Huguenot nobleman and an active merchant in the city. INDEX TO PLATE VIII. 4. I Broadway, site of the Kennedy House. 5. Site of gilded equestrian statue of George III. 6. Site of Governor Stuyvesant's house, erected 1658, later called the White Hall." 7. Head of Whitehall Ferry slip, as shown on Ratzer's map, 1767. 8. Head of Whitehall Ferry slip, as shown on Hill's map, 1782; place wdiere Washington embarked after his farewell in Fraunces Tavern, 1783. 9. Fraunces Tavern. 10. 73 Pearl Street;, site of Stadt Huys. 11. 81 Pearl Street, site of first printing press in the Colony of New York. 12. Scene of capture of British arms by Marinus Willet, June 6, 1775. 13. Site of publication of first newspaper in New York, 41 Route 3 HISTORICAL GUIDE Fraunces Former Appearance of Fraunces Tavern. Copied from Valentine's Manual of the Corporation of New York of 1854. Fraunces Ta\ern is one of the oldest buildings in New York City and was the scene of many stirring events during the Revolutionary Period. It divides honors with St. Paul's Chapel, Washington's Headquarters, and the Van Cortlandt Mansion in its connection with memories of Washington in New York. The building has recently been restored to its original proportions and is now open daily to the public. Location: Southeast corner of Broad and Pearl Streets, en- trance on Pearl Street. Take Subzvay or surface cars dozen Broadway to the Bowling Green; walk east to Broad Street and soutJi to the Tavern; or take zvest-side Elevated lines to Battery Place and thence east to Broad Street. See tablet on the P>road Street side, a memorial to Frederick Samuel Tallmadge, through whose beneficence the restoration by the Sons of the Revolution was made possible. 43 Tavern MANHATTAN 3 Route CHRONOLOGY. 1719. — Built by Etienne DeLancey as a residence. It descended to his son, Judge and Governor James DeLancey, and to his son, Oliver DeLancey. At some time before 1757, it became the residence of Col. Joseph Robinson, partner of Oliver DeLancey, James DeLancey having moved to his mansion on site of present No. 113 Broadway. (Excursion I, 25.) 1757. — It became the store and warehouse of DeLancey, Robinson & Co., who announced in Gaines' Mercury, May 28, 1757, that they had moved into Col. Robinson's late dwelling next to the Royal Exchange, and should there continue to sell all sorts European and East Indian goods — shoes, shirts, white and checked, for the army, with a variety of other goods." 1762. — January 15. — Purchased by Samuel Fraunces, called Black Sam," from his swarthy appearance, he being a West Indian. Fraimces had been made a " freeman " of New York while an innkeeper in 1755. He opened here the Queen's Head or Queen Charlotte Tavern, named in honor of the young consort of George III. 1765. — Leased to John Jones as a tavern, while Fraunces for a time took charge of Vauxhall Gardens. (Excursion I, 21.) 1766. — Leased by Bolton & Sigell (Sigel). 1768. — April 8. — The Chamber of Commerce, composed of twenty- four importers and merchants, organized, with John Cruger as President, in the Long Room, so called in imitation of the long Indian lodges used for tribal meetings. Monthly meetings of the Chamber were held for some time " at Bolton & Sigel's, precisely at the usual hour, six-thirty.'* 1769. — Richard Bolton alone, in charge. One or more meetings were held to consider the passage of a second Non-Importation Agree- ment. (Wilson's Memorial History, II, 391-7.) 1770. — Fraunces again in possession of the Queen's Head Tavern, " refitted in the most genteel and convenient manner for the reception and entertainment of those gentlemen, ladies and others who used to favor him with their company," dinners and suppers being served " not only to lodgtts but to those who live at a convenient distance." The Long Room was also used for a series of lectures. 43 Route 3 HISTORICAL GUIDE Fraunces 1774. — April. — The Sons of Liberty and the Vigilance Committee met here to protest, as the sliip London liad just docked at the wharf of the East India Company in the vicinity of Fraunces Tavern with a cargo of tea. The meeting resulted in those who partici- pated marching to the dock, w^here the entire cargo was thrown overboard. 1774- — May 14. — A meeting of merchants was held here to organize the " Committee of Correspondence," to whose firm and con- sistent adherence to the idea of union, the Continental Congress owed its origin. (Wilson, II, p. 434.) It was also the head- quarters of the Social Club, among whose members were John Jay, Gouverneur Morris, R. R. Livingston and Morgan Lewis. 1775. — The ]\Iassachusetts delegates to the Second Continental Con- gress stopped here on their way to Philadelphia. 1775. — August 23. — The building was struck by a shot from the man- of-war Asia, giving rise to the oft-quoted lines of Philip Freneau : " Scarce a broadside was ended till 'nother began again, By Jove ! It was nothing but fire away, Flanagan ! Some thought him saluting his Sallys and Nancys, 'Till he drove a round shot through the roof of Sam Francis." Ed. of 1786 reads: " At first we supposed it was only a sham, Till he drove a round ball through the roof of black Sam." 1776. — Fraunces' daughter Phoebe revealed the plot to assassinate Washington, leading to the execution of her lover, Hickey, who was a British deserter and had become one of Washington's bodyguard. At the time Phoebe was acting as housekeeper for the Commander at his headquarters in the Richmond Hill Mansion (Excursion II). Fraunces joined the American army, and it is supposed that he had to give up the Tavern during the British occupancy of New York, but he assumed ownership im- mediately after the war and continued in possession for some years. In 1789 he became Washington's steward. 1783. — November 25. — Governor George Clinton gave a banquet on Evacuation Day to General Washington, the French ambassador, Chevalier de la Luzerne, and many Revolutionary officers and civilians. Thirteen toasts were given, beginning with " The United States of America " and ending with **May This Day Be a Lesson for Princes." Fireworks followed on the Bowling Green. 44 Tavern MANHATTAN 3 Route 1783. — December 4. — Washington's Farewell to forty-four officers, in- cluding Generals Greene, Knox, Wayne, Steuben, Carroll, Lincoln, Kosciusko, Moultrie, and Hamilton, Governor Clinton, Colonel Tallmadge and others. Says Colonel Tallmadge, in original jour- nal, now at Fraunces Tavern : "We had been assembled but a few minutes when His Excellency entered the room. His emotion, too strong to be concealed, seemed to be reciprocated by every officer present. After partaking of a slight refreshment amid almost breathless silence, the General filled his glass with wine and turning to his officers said: ' With a heart full of love and gratitude I must now take my leave of you. I most devoutly wish that your latter days may be as pros- perous and happy as your former ones have been glorious and honorable.* After the officers had taken a glass of wine, the General added: *I cannot come to each of you to take mv leave, but shall be obliged to you if each will come and take me by the hand.' General Knox, being nearest to him, turned to the Commander-in-Chief, who, suffused in tears, was incapable of utterance, but grasped his hand, when they embraced each other in silence. In the same affectionate manner every officer in the room marched up to, kissed and parted with his General-in-Chief. Such a scene of sorrow and weeping I had never before witnessed, and hope I may never be called upon to witness again. Not a word was uttered to break the solemn silence that prevailed, or to interrupt the tenderness of the occasion." Thence Washington proceeded to the Whitehall Ferry (Excursion VII 19) and took his departure from the city. 1785. — The Tavern was sold by Fraunces and came into various hands. After the Revolution the St. Andrew's Society, the Governors of the New York Hospital, the New York Society and the Society for Promoting Arts and Agriculture, all met here. Balls were also held in the Long Room. 1832. — Interior partly burnt out and a flat roof added. 1837. — Leased by John Gardner, a hotel proprietor who had been biirnt out in the great fire of 1835. 1844.— The New York Yacht Club was founded here. 1852, June 15.— While called the Broad Street House and kept by E. Beaumeyer, the Tavern was visited by a very disastrous fire, after which two stories were added, making it five stories high. Further alterations were made about 1890, when the taproom was lowered to the level of the street and the ground floor win- dows modernized. 1883, December 4. — On the looth anniversary of Washington's Farewell the Society of the Sons of the Revolution was formally organized in the Long Room and met here annually for many years. 45 Route 3 HISTORICAL GUIDE Fraunces THE PRESERVATION OF FRAUNCES TAVERN. 1889-1903. — At the time of the centennial celebration of Washington's inauguration (1889), attention was directed to the interesting associations of the building, and during the next thirteen years the Sons of the Revolution made several efforts to purchase the property in order to preserve and restore it. Efforts were also made by patriotic individuals and societies to insure its preservation. These finally resulted, in 1903, in the passage of an ordinance by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment to buy the Tavern and half a block on which it stands for a Revo- lutionary museum and park. In the spring of 1904 Messrs. Alexander R. Thompson, James Mortimer Montgomery and Robert Olyphant, on behalf of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution, successfully negotiated a contract for the purchase of the prop- erty. At the same time these gentlemen induced the city to rescind the resolution authorizing the taking of the property by condemnation. The . mayor told them that they were the only delegation which had called on him for the purpose of saving the city's money. Thus the City of New York was saved the expense of acquiring the property, preserving and mamtaining it, and yet the restoration of this shrine of patriotism was assured. At the time the property was purchased it was subject to a lease with several years to run. Before the lease expired Mr. Frederick Samuel Tallmadge, late president of the society, died, leaving a large bequest to the society. This furnished ample funds for the restoration of the Tavern, which was planned with the greatest care. 1904. — July 30. — Transfer of the property to the Sons of the Revo- lution recorded in the Register's Office. 1906-7. — Restoration of the building. 1907. — May I. — Office of the Sons of the Revolution opened here. 1907. — December 4. — Formal occupation and dedication (on the 124th anniversary of Washington's Farewell " here) of the building by the Sons of the Revolution. 46 Tavern MANHATTAN 3 Route Fraunces Tavern in 1904. The Society of the Sons of the Revolution has been instituted to perpetuate the memory of the men who achieved American inde- pendence, to promote and assist in the proper celebration of Washing- ton's Birthday, the Fourth of July, and the battles and prominent events of the War of the Revolution; to collect and preserve records and memorials relative to that war; to inspire among the members and their descendants the patriotic spirit of their forefathers, and respect for the principles for which the patriots of the Revolution contended. The Society now has over twenty-two hundred members in the State of New York. • Note. — For other historic events in the neighborhood of Fraunces Tavern (Map, p. 40), see Excursion VII, New York Citv South of Wall Street. 47 3 Route MANHATTAN Fraunces Tavern THE BUILDING AND ITS RESTORATION There is no known view of Fraunces Tavern before 1854. Fraunces' own description when he offered the building for sale in 1776 reads as follows : " The Queen's Head Tavern is three stories high, with a tile and lead roof, has fourteen fireplaces, a most excellent large kitchen, fine dry cellars, with good convenient offices, etc." The view of New York from Brooklyn Heights, in 1798, shows its top as gambrel-roofed and hipped. See Hollyer's print of its proposed restoration in Mrs. Pierce's Landmark of Fraunces Tavern." Also see views in the Magazine of American History, Vol. VIII, p. 144, and in Bryant and Gay's Popular History of the U. S.," showing alterations in the first story. The architect of the restored building was William H. Mersereau and the contractor S. A. McGuire. Mr. Mersereau has endeavored to restore the building so far as possible to its original form. When the. added stories were taken down he studied and followed the old roof-lines and rafters. The modern bricks and stone were removed and yellow bricks to maich the originals were imported from Hol- land for the Broad Street side, and on the Pearl Street side the old style red bricks were matched with bricks from old dwellings in the vicinity of Baltimore, Md. The first floor was raised to its former level, the windows changed to conform with the original ones and the Long Room restored to its old dimensions. All the original timbers were retained above and below the Long Room and every brick and piece of lumber, so far as possibl'^, of the original building was left in place. The present appearance of the building is believed to be practically the same as during the Revolutionary period. The first lioor is still used as a restaurant.* On the second floor is the celebrated Long Room; note the portraits of Frederick Samuel Tallmadge and John Austin Stevens, the table made from old timbers of the building and the tablets. In the Museum on the third floor are cases holding Revolutionary relics — flags, china, coins, medals, military commissions, letters, deeds and other old documents, including the original deeds of the Tavern, showing the transfer of the property from the De Lanceys and subse- quent owners. The Library is devoted mainly to American History and the men and events of the Revolution. The top floor is used as a dining-room for members of the Society, and on the walls is a collection of engraved portraits of W^ashington. A caretaker dressed in the style of the Revolution explains the exhibits to visitors. ♦Select restaurant for ladies and gentlemen, a la carte, Emil Westerhurg, proprietor. 48 NOTES NOTE BY ASA BIRD GARDINER The Gardner family, who acquired the Tavern in 1837, came from Fifeshire, Scotland, about 1760, and had no connection with the Gardiner family. The name of the lessee was Robert, not John, and he had not been a hotel proprietor. The property descended- in the female line to the Keteltas family, from whom the Sons of the Revolution purchased the property. The Story of Phoebe Fraunces (p. 44) is of doubtful origin; it is also doubtful whether Samuel Fraunces ever served in the American Army. He was probably a mild Tory, and continued to keep the tavern for British Officers during the Revolution. 48a NOTES. 48b EXCURSION NO. I.— CITY HALL TO WALL STREET. By Frank Bergen Kelley Corrected with the aid of Albert Ulmann and Edward Hagaman Hall. Copyright, 1902, by the City History Club of New York. Revised 1905, 1909 and 1912 HISTORICAL GUIDE HISTORICAL GUIDE 50a HISTORICAL GUIDE INDEX TO HOLLAND MAP (p. 50) G Aleat Market. H Fly Market. I Peck's Market. K Oswego Market. O St. Paul's. P Trinity. Q St. George's Chapel. S New Dutch Church. T Lutheran Church. V Calvinist Church. W French Protestant Church. X Quaker Meeting. Y Presbyterian Meeting. Z Baptist Meeting. a Moravian Meeting. b New Lutheran Meeting, sob MANHATTAN 5 Route Bibliography Works by Janvier, Ulmann, Hemstreet, Wilson and Hill mentioned in Excursion VII. "Historic New York;" papers on "King's College," ''Old Wells," " Old Prisons and Old Taverns." "Reports of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society: articles on " The Centenary of City Hall," and " The Old Martyrs' Prison"; "A Brief History of City Hall Park" (1910 Report). " Works of Art Belonging to the City of New York," compiled by the Municipal Art Commission. " St. Paul's Chapel," by Charles F. Wingate, and " The Montgomerie Siege," by T. U. Harper (pub. by A. B. King & Co.). This part of New Yorjc was not settled until long after the Dutch flag ceased to wave over New Amsterdam. City Hall Park was the old Dutch Vlacte (Flag or pasture, later called the Common, granted to the city cor- poration in 1686 by the Dongan charter. During the later English period and the days of the Revolution it was a place for public demonstrations, mass meetings, etc. It was fenced in about 1785, and an iron rail fence was pro- vided in 1821, with gates on the south, west and east sides. The main thoroughfare was lower Broadway, Chatham Street (now Park Rov/) and the Bowery. The shore line has been extended two or three blocks on either side. The King's Farm, which !ay west of Broadway, between Wall and Warren Streets, originally belonged to the West India Company and was later granted, together with the Jans or Bogardus Farm north of Warren Street (Excursion II) to Trinity Church. Many of the street names have a direct connection with early residents. XoTE. — The * refers to. Addenda, 1912, pp. 65-6. SI HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 5. SECTION I— CITY HALL PARK AND VICINITY. (Figures refer to Plates X and XI ; see also IX and XII)o Take Subway to Brooklyn Bridge or City Hall. CHAMBEfiS ST. P/A^/IAM OF C/ TV //ALL PAR.H AND v/a^/rK Plate XI. Route 5. C K, 52 City Hall MANHATTAN 5 Route I. City Hall, a fine example of the Italian Renaissance, John !McComb, Jr., architect. The foundation stone was laid on the site of the old almshouse by Mayor Edward Livingston, September 20, 1803. The front and sides are of Stockbridge (Mass.) marble, the rear built of brownstone from motives of economy; the common assertion that it was due to the idea that the city would not extend north of the building being untrue, as the city had already advanced beyond Chatham Square. The building was first occupied by the city ,^.)vcrnnicnt on Aug. 12. 181 1, although it was not completed until 1812, in the mayoralty of DeWitt Clinton. Among the important events celebrated here were the 200th anniversary of the discovery of Man- hattan by Henry Hudson, Captain Hull's victory over the British ship Guerriere, the visit of Lafayette in 1824, the opening of the Erie Canal, November 4, 1825 ; the Croton Water opening, October 14, 1842; the laying of the Atlantic Cable, 1858 (at which time the building caught fire and was badly injured) ; the funeral of General Worth, 1857; the visit of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, i86c, and the 25Cth anniversary of the City Charter, 1903. The building is open from 10 to 4; Saturday 10 to 12. Ascend the spiral staircase to the Governors' Room; see por- traits of Washington and General James Clinton by Trumbull, Peter Stuyvesant, Alexander Hamilton and governors from 1777; busts of DeWitt Clinton and Henry Clay; a copy of Lincoln's Gettysburg speech; a section of Stuyvesant's pear tree; punch bowl used at the Erie Canal celebration; portraits of Hudson and Stuyvesant; two desks of Washington and the furniture used in the former City Hall by the Federal Congress (Excursion VH, 21). A good view of the park and its surroundings may be obtained from the balcony.* i The Aldermanic Chamber contains some portraits and a paint- ing symboHc of New York City's commercial greatness. In the ad- joining Committee Room are portraits of Harry Howard in the uni- form of a Volunteer Fireman and of General McClellan. The old Council Chamber, now used by the Board of Estimate and Apportion- ment, contains portraits of national celebrities. On the ground floor are the Mayor's Reception Room contain- ing portraits of Lafayette and of former mayors, and on the ceiling plaster reproductions of seals of the United States, of New York State and City from early days; the City Library, comprising 7,000 volumes, some of great value, and the Bureau of Marriage Licences. 53 Route 5 HISTORICAL GUIDE City Hall In the corridor see a marble tablet, erected in 1903, between md descriptive of two tablets (originally on the roof) containing the names of the architect, sculptor and of the building committee. On the opposite wall note the Dutch and Federal standard yard measure. In the basement are the Marriage Room, Bureau of Licenses and some rooms once used as prison cells when the Police Headquarters were here. Outside, beneath the Mayor's Window, see the tablet commemorat- ing the reading of the Declaration of Independence to the army here, in Washington's presence, July 9, 1776. (See painting of this event in the New Amsterdam Theater, 214 West Forty-second Street). A tablet in the sidewalk in front of the building marks the first excavation for the Rapid Transit Tunnel in 1900; another tablet in the City Hall Subway Station commemorates the opening of the Tunnel in 1904. A portion of the tunnel of the once proposed Pneu- matic Rapid Transit Railway, constructed in 1868, still remains un- der Broadway along the Park. The Bridcivell or common jail, built in 1775, and used by the British as a prison, stood between Broadway and the site of City Hall. It was torn down in 1838, the stones being used to build the old Tombs Prison. Its great lock and key are in the building of the New York Historical Society. 2, The Statue of Nathan Hale, by Mac Monnies, near Broad- way, opposite Murray Street, "was erected by the Sons of the Revolution. (Excursion V, Section 7.) Nozf near E. zuing of City Hall. 3. New York Post Office, the third building used in the city for the purpose, built in 1875 on part of City Hall Park ceded in 1867 by the City to the National Government. Within the corridor, near the western entrance, is a tablet erected in 1897 by the Mary Wash- ington Colonial Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolu- tion to comme^norate the erection of the Liberty Pole and the Battle of Golden Hill (see 33 and 38). One Liberty Pole stood on the City Common about the middle of Mail Street and another stood near Broadway at Warren Street. In the southeast corridor is a bust and memorial tablet in honor of Postmaster Pearson for his services in reforming the postal system. 54 Park MANHATTAN 5 Route 4 Fountain, erected about 1873 j^^st north of the site of the original fountain of 1842 which celebrated the opening of the Croton Aqueduct. Go north through the Park to 5. The County Court House, on the site of the second Almshouse, Scudder's Museum, American Institute^ etc. Chambers Street marks the line of the fortifications and British barracks during the Revolution ; a negro burying ground occupied the site of the Stewart and Dunn Buildings. 6. Brown Stone Building, now the City Court, built 1852. The Rotunda (1818-1870) lay east of this and was used for the Post Office (1835-45) and later as an art gallery. 7. The new Hall of Records at Centre and Chambers Streets. See the statues of Duane, Colden, Hone, Heathcote, Stuyvesant, De Vries and Clinton by Philip Martiny; allegorical statues by Marti ny and Bush-Brow^n; groups representing the recording of the purchase of Manhattan in 1626 and the consolidation of Greater New York, 1898, by Albert Weinert. The interior of the building is well worth a visit. The Register w^ill allow visitors to inspect the old city records and maps dating back to Dutch days.* 2 8. Site of the first Free School building of New York City in Ot- tendorfer Square. It was erected in 1809 on what was then called Tryon Row, corner of Chatham Street, near the new terminal of the Brooklyn Bridge. Go south along the edge of the Park to the 9. Tablet, erected in 1907 by the Mary Washington Colonial Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, on a granite monument in the Park, nearly opposite the Brooklyn Bridge terminal, marking the site of the old Register's Office which was built in 1758 as a debtors' prison. It became the Provost or British military prison during the Revolution and was the scene of great brutality to prison- ers on the part of Provost-Marshall Cunningham. On the second floor (called derisively "Congress Hall") w^ere confined prisoners of note, among them Ethan Allen. Beneath the building were four gloomy dungeons. The building was torn down in 1903 to make way for the Subway. During its demolition coins, buttons and human bones were found in the excavation. Go down Park Row on the line of the early road to Stuyvesant's Bowery (Excursion III., Section 2), and later forming a portion of the Post Road. 55 HISTORICAL GUIDE Park Row MANHATTAN 5 Route 10. The Sun Building, originally the first permanent building of Tammany Hall (erected 1811), which had been organized at Borden's Tavern in lower Broadway in 1789 and moved to " Martling's " (cor- ner of Spruce and Nassau Streets) in 1798. In Tammany Hall the political term Loco foco " originated in 1834. Frankfort Street, " Newspaper Alley,'* was named for the birth- place of Jacob Leisler who was executed for treason in 1691 on his own farm near by.* 3 A fine view of all lower Manhattan and the Bay may be obtained from the top of the tower in the World Building. 11. Statue of Benjamin Franklin, designed by Plassman, and presented in 1867 by Captain Albert de Groot to the printers and press of New York. 12. Statue of Horace Greeley, founder of the " New York Tri- bune " (designed by Ward and presented to the city in 1890) near : the Tribune Building. 13. Statues of Franklin and Gutenberg on the front of the " Staats Zeitung " Building, Spruce and William Streets. 14. The Vineyard Lot occupied the block between Park Row, Nassau and Beekman Streets, and the block below was called the Governor's Garden be- cause purchased by Governor Dongan in 1685. The old Times and Potter Buildings are on the site of the Brick Presby- terian Church, built in 1768; used during the Revolution as a British prison and moved about 1858 to- Thirty-seventh Street and Fifth Avenue. (Excursion V, Section 4:2). On the block directly south is the site of the first Clinton Hall (1830), an early home of the Mercantile Library. (Excursion III, Section i). 15. Dolan's Restaurant, 33 Park Row, contains a model of the buildings on this block as they stood about • 1800, including the present structures at 33, 34, 35 Park Row, the corner being then known as Lovejoy's Hotel. It also Siiows the Perk Theatre just be- low, the site in part that of the Park Row Building, 21-23 Park Row. The theatre was erected in 1798, burned in 1820, rebuilt in 1821 and again burned in 1848. In 1842 a ball was given here in honor of Charles Dickens. 16. Theatre Alley, joining Beekman and Ann Streets, was the stage passage to the Park Theatre. The restaurant kitchen here was the laundry of Lovejoy's Hotel. 17. Site of Barnum's Museum, built in 1842 and burnt down in 1865, was where now stands the St. Paul P.uilding at Broadway and Ann Streets. The Loew Bridge was erected across Broadway at Fulton Street in^ 1867 to aid pedestrians, but was taken down the next year by court order. Stewart's Cafe at 161 Fulton Street contains a number of rare prints of old New York. *4. 57 Route 6 HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 6. SECTION II —ST. PAUL'S TO WALL STREET. i8. St. Paul's Chapel, corner of Vesey Street, the oldest church structure in Manhattan, built by McBean, 1764-66 (the steeple not until 1794). The interior was modeled after that of St. Martins-in- the-Fields, London. Note on the pediment the statue of St. Paul. See within the church the pews of Washington and Governor George Clinton, the original sounding board over the pulpit and several tablets. In the Trinity Corporation Building at the foot of the yard may be seen a number of interesting historical relics and pictures. (D. (H) 5t Pauls Cmapel Broadway Compiled for Tnt City History Club OFNrwYoRK Chorles Kondel, C E Plate XII. Index to Monuments, St. Paul's Churchyard General Richard Montgomery. ])r. \Vm. James McNeven (cenotaph). Cooke, the actor. Sieur de Roche Fontaine (aide to Rochambeau). Francis Dring (earliest inscription, 1767). i • j r Thomas Addis Emmett (see west face of cenotaph, latitude and longitude of New York). Washington 's pew. Governor George Clinton's pew. Tames Davis, smith to Royal Artillery, 1760 (a brown stone near gate). Sam Purdy, an old jockey who rode "Eclipse," May 27, 1823, winning a purse of $20,000; a race of North vs. South (stone on four pillars). John TTolt, printer to the State, editor of New York Gazette, Post Boy; etc., a loyalist: epitaph 1784, bv his widow (square box over grave). Charles Nordeck, Baron de Rabenau, captain in a Hessian Regiment, 1782. Xote. — A complete list of inscriptions and epitaphs with a map niay^ he seen m the vestry room. 58 King's College MANHATTAN 6 Route 19. Astor House, north of St. Paul's, one of the oldest New York hotels, built 1834.38 and the temporary home of many famous men. It is opposite the site of the old Spring Garden and on that of the Drover's Inn or Bull's Head Tavern and was once the property of J. -J. Astor, J. C. Coster and David Lydig. It is still in the Astor estate. The first substantial sidewalks of New York were laid on the west side of Broadway between Vesey and Murray Streets about 1787. Go west on Barclay Street to 20. St. Peter's Church, southeast corner of Church Street, the oldest Roman Catholic Church building in Manhattan, established in 1786; rebuilt 1838-9 and recently remodeled. Note the Latin inscrip- tion under the cornice and the statue of St. Peter. * 5 Go up Church and west on Murray Street to 21. Tablet at the southeast corner of Murray Street and West Broadway, marking the site of Kings College tract which extended west of Broadway, between Murray and Barclay Street and sloped down to the river which then came up to Greenwich Street. The college grounds proper covered much less territory (Plate IX). This large open space aided in stopping the progress of the great fire of 1776. King's College was chartered in 1754, sessions beginning July of that year in the school-house of Trinity Church, Dr. Samuel Johnson, the President, being at first the sole instructor. The cor- ner stone of the building was laid in 1756 and the college was first occupied in 1760. During the Revolution the building was dismantled and used by both armies as barracks and a hospital. In 1784 it was reopened as Columbia College, DeWitt Clinton, nephew of the Gov- ernor, entering as the first student. Dr. Anthon's Grammar School, , founded in 1764 as the preparatory depart- ment, after the Revolution occupied the Murray Street side and the main entrance was from Robinson Street (Park Place) which was cut through the grounds in 1856, the year before the College moved up town. (Excursion V, ^ Section 4:7). Greenwich Street was the shore line until about 1760 and a road ran north from it to Greenwich \'illage, passing Vauxhall, a favorite public garden of the English period, lying between Warren and Chambers Streets. The first elevated railroad in the world was built on this street in 1866-7, running from the Battery to Thirtieth Street. The experimental power was a cable. Go south on West Broadway to Vesey Street. West Broadway, College Place or Cluipel Street was widened and cut through to \'cspy Street in 1892 and lower Church Street was widened and called Nezv Church about 1875. The line of the former sidewalk may be determined by the Elevated R, R. pillars on the west side.^ The horse cars formerly ran under the houses between Barclay and Vesey Streets. 59 Route 6 HISTORICAL GUIDE W. of Broadway 22. Washington Market, successor to the Bear Market, corner of Vesey and Washington Streets. West Washington Market, formerly on the river front, is now part of Gansevoort Market. The high lands nearby were leveled and the shore line filled in about 1787 to 1790. See old houses on Vesey Street opposite the market. *6 Go south on Greenwich to Thames Street. On Cortlandt Street and Broadway was a Dutch windmill in early daySj hence its old name of Windmill Lane; and at the foot of Cortlandt Street was the slip of Fulton's first steam ferry (1812) to Paulus Hook. See old buildings near Albany and Carlisle Streets. *7 Go east on Thames Street and north on Trinity Place to Cedar Street, passing old house at 17 Thames Street and 23. An old city well on Trinity Place, corner of Thames Street. Return to Thames Street and go east to Broadway, passing 25. Tablet, Thames Street side of 113 Broadway, site of the de Lancey House, built in 1700, later the Province Arms, or Burns' Coffee House, and replaced by the City Hotel in 1806. This is said to have been the scene of the signing of the Non-Importation Agree- ment, October 31, 1765, but there is authority for believing that this took place at 9 Broadway. (Excursion VII :i). Thames Street was the carriage way to the de Lancey stables. 69 MANHATTAN 7 Route ROUTE 7. SECTION III.— WALL STREET TO FRANKL^^T SQUARE. Take Subway to Wall Street. Go cast on Cedar Street, passing 26. The site of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, built about 1760, nearly opposite the Clearing House, between Broadway and Nassau Streets. The latter street was first at Teunis de Kay's cartway from Wall Street, passing around Federal Hall; it was opened in 1696, and the upper end was called Kip Street for Jacob Kip. Note copies of the City, State and National Seals - on the Clearing House. 27. The tablet on the Mutual Life Building, northeast corner of Nassau and Cedar Streets, marks the site of the Middle Dutch Church, built 1727-32; this was used by the British as a riding acad- emy and prison and served as a post office from 1845 to 1875. The old bell, made in Amsterdam and given by de Peyster, is now at the Collegiate Church, at Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street. (Ex- cursion V, Section IV :5). It is said that Franklin tried some of his kite experiments from the belfry of the old building. Just behind, at 34 Liberty Street, stoud the Livingston Sugar House, another Revolutionary prison. 28. Site of the French Church du St. Esprit (Excursion VIT, 13 and Ex- cursion y. Section 11:39), erected 1703-4 at 18-20-22 Pine Street and also used as a military prison. Go north on Nassau and west on Liberty Street 29. The Chamber of Commerce, 65 Liberty Street (admission only through a member's card), contains a fine collection of portraits of old New York merchants, a Stuart portrait of Washington and many interesting relics and curios. Note in front the statues of Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and De Witt Clinton. On this site once stood the Friends' Meeting House. Go up Liberty Place, formerly called Little Green Street, then descend the hill to Maiden Lane and walk east to Pear! Street.* 8> Aaron Burr's law office was at 73 Nassau Street. ^Maiden Lane, Maagde Paatje, was one of the three oldest streets north of the Wall, being the route between Road to the Ferry and Broadway. The streets between it and Broadway were laid out about 1690. A brook ran along the line of this street from the vicinity of Broadway, as may still be seen by the hollow marking the neighborhood and by the old arches in base- ments near Nassau Street, built over a drain to carry off the water. Some say the banks of this brook were a favorite bleaching ground of the Dutch maidens, others that Maiden Lane was an old lover's path. At the edge of the East River, near Pearl Street, in Dutch days was the smithy of Cornelius Cloppers, giving the name Smit's Vly (valley) to this locality. Note the modern house with a crowstep roof at 57 Maiden Lane, on the site of Thomas Jef- ferson's New York home. 61 Route 7 HISTORICAL GUIDE East of 30. The Fly Market once occupied the block east of Pearl Street, and after the filling-in process was complete two other markets occupied the additional blocks to the east. All were torn down about 1821. Its successor is tho modern Fulton Market. Go down Pearl Street Pearl Street, de Perel Straat, the Strand or the Road to the Ferry (some- times called Dock and Queen Street} marks the former shore line on the East River and was the road from the Fort to the Brooklyn Ferry, near Fulton Street. 31. Revolutionary cannon, northeast corner of Pearl and Pine Streets. Aaron Burr once lived at 10 Cedar Street. The old De Peyster house, at 168 Pearl Street, was the residence of Governor George Clinton in 1789. Return to Liberty and north on Gold Street, climbing old Rutgers Hill and passing some quaint old buildings. Go east on Piatt Street to see an old house at 208 Pearl Street. Return on Piatt Street to William Street, passing 32. The Jack-Knife, northv^est corner of Piatt and Gold Streets, an old house once used as a tavern which was so changed in shape by the cutting through of Piatt Street (by Jacob S. Piatt in 1834) as to merit its name. It is best seen from near the William Street corner. Go up William Street to 33. Golden Hill Inn, 122-4 William Street, built over 150 years ago of brick from Holland. It was the favorite meeting place of the Sons of Liberty (see 38). Washington Irving lived at the site of 126 (or 131) William Street, and Lafayette at 90 William Street. Go west on John Street to 34. John Street M. E. Church, the oldest Methodist Church in New York. The original building occupied the same site and was erected in 1768; rebuilt in 1817 and 1841. The church was organized in a sail loft at 120 William Street by Barbara Heck, Philip Embury and Captain Webb. Within may be seen a number of interesting relics, including a clock given by Charles Wesley and tablets to Captain Webb, S. H. Hadley and others. The tablet outside gives the dates of the several structures. * 10 35. The site 01 the John Street Theatre (called the " Royal " in the Revolution and the National " afterward) was at 15-21 John Street. It was built between 1750 and 1760 and here Major Andre performed original plays during the Revolution. " Hail Columbia " was first played here in the presence of Washington by Fyles, its composer, and in this theatre Joseph Jefferson made his first appearance. See the arcade at 17 John Street, once an entrance to the theatre 62 Broadway MANHATTAN 7 Route Go north on Nassau to Fulton Street; then west to 36. Tablet, 136 Fulton Street, erected in 1883 by veterans of the Seventh Regiment to commemorate the Shakespeare Tavern, built before the Revolution, a favorite headquarters for actors and the scene of the organization of the Seventh Regiment, August 25, 1824. Go east on Fulton Street. 37. Fulton Street Prayer Meeting (No. 113) site of the North Dutch Church, built in 1769 and used as a British prison. The bell once hanging in the North Church tower now stands in the churchyard at Twenty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue. (Excursion V., Section 2: 41). The first Firemen's Hall, built in 1788, was east of the church, at the cor- ner of William Street. Go lip Williarn to Ann Street. 38. Tablet, northeast corner of Ann and William Streets, marks the site of the street fight of Golden Hill (so called from a wheat field here) between the Sons of Liberty and British soldiers, in defence of the Liberty Pole, January 17, 1770, — the first bloodshed of the Revolution (see 3 and 33). Note the old building opposite and the court and old style rear buildings at 59 Ann Street. * 11 Return to Fulton Street and go east. 39. Ryder's Alley, connecting Fulton and Gold Streets, is a relic of the old days. The old United States Hotel (''Holt's Folly"), corner of Fulton and Pearl Streets, on the site of the United States Arcade, has been recently demolished. Several old houses may be seen near the ferry, at the foot of Fulton Street. Go north on Cliff Street to 40. The St. George Building on the northwest corner of Beek- man Street, on the site of the first St. George's Church (1748-1852), now on East Sixteenth Street. The original desk, pulpit and chancel rails are now in the church at Manhasset, L. L The old shot toweVy erected 1858, was taken down in 1907. 41. Tablet at CliflF and Ferry Streets, (Schieren Building) erected Oct. 27, 1906, under the auspices of the Hide and Leather Association of New York to commemorate the old Swamp. In ex- cavating for the building old tan-vats were found in a good state of preservation. 63 - Route 7 HISTORICAL GUIDE East of John Haberding (or Harpendinck) with some fellow tanners bought in 1695, " The Shoemaker's Pasture," a district covering several blocks between ^Maiden Lane and Ann Street, east of Broad- way. Here they carried their tanneries from the old tan pits near Beaver Street ; later Haberding, having given his share of the Pasture to the Middle Church, they removed to the " Leather Swamp " above Beekman Street, near Gold Street, which district still retains the name of " The Swamp." The Vandercliff Farm lay northeast of Shoe- maker's Pasture and gave the name to Cliff Street. Go cast on Ferry Street to Peck Slip. 42. Tablet at 8-10 Peck Slip, erected by General Society of Mayflower Descendants in 1904 to commemorate the warehouse of Isaac Allerton, a Mayflower Pilgrim who was Governor Bradford's assistant at Plymouth. 43. Revolutionary cannon at southwest corner of Water Street and Peck Slip. Go north on Pearl Street to 44. Site of the Walton House, 324-326 Pearl Street (built 1754, torn down 1881), the magnificence of which is said to have led to the enactment of the Stamp Act. 45. Tablet, on Brooklyn Bridge pier at the east side of Frank- lin Square, erected in 1899 by the Mary Washington Colonial Chap- ter, Daughters of the American Revolution, to mark the Franklin House, home of Walter Franklin, a merchant, at i Cherry Street, built 1770, and occupied as the first presidential mansion by Wash- ington. Another prominent resident was Samuel Osgood, first Post- master General, who had married Franklin's widow. The house was torn down in 1856. Franklin Square was named in 1817 by the Board of Aldermen for Benjamin Franklin. This district ?is formerly called Cherry Hill, named for the cherry orchard of Mayor Thos. Dclancey, 1666-71, or for the Cherry Garden, established^ about 1664 by Richard Sackctt as a rival to the Dutch garden at Chatham Square. At 5 Cherry Street John Hancock once lived, and here Wm. Tweed carried on the trade of a cigar-maker. At 7 Cherry Street stood the house of Samuel Leggett, president of the New York Gaslight Company, where gas was first used in the city in 1835. At 17 Cherry Street lived Samuel C. Reid, who designed tlie present American flag. Gotham Court (19 Cherry) and Blindman's Alley (26 Cherry), were in this neighborhood, which is one of the most crowded and poorly housed districts in the city. 64 Broadway MANHATTAN 7 Route Go up Cherry to Rooscz'cit Street. Thron.Q:h Roosevelt Street once ran Old JVreck Brook, thought by Innes to have been named for the wreck of Adrian Block's ship, the Tiger. (Excursion VII :i6.) This brook led from the Collect Pond (vicinity of the Tombs) to the East River. (See page 95.) The bridge crossing this brook at Park Row was one of three " Kissing Bridges." See old houses at 98-96 and 88-86 Roosevelt Street. Pass under the Elevated Railroad to New Chambers Street and south on Rose Street. 46. Tablet and barred window on the Rhinelander Building, the latter once in the old Cuyler, later Rhinelander Sugar House which was built in 1763 and torn down 1892. Some of the original blocks of stone surround the doorway. It is claimed that the old building was used as a Revolutionary prison (disproved by J. A. Stez'eiis). Go west on Duane Street to Park Row and back to City Hall. Chatham Garden once fronted on Park Row (old Chatham Street) and ex- tended north from New Chambers Street. The high ground in the vicinity was once called Catimut's Windmill or Fresh Water Hill. There was 2 wind- mill here in 1662, north of Duane Street, *I2. ADDENDA— 1912 *i (p- 53)- Since the restoration of this room through the gift of Mrs. Russell Sage the name was changed to the "Trumbull Room." as nearly all the portraits not executed by Trumbull were removed and others of his work hung here. The Erie punch bowl was recently re- moved for greater security to the Metropolitan Museum. *2 (p. 55). The new Municipal Building (erected 1911-13) will ^ have shields above the great pillars representing the arms of the present city, and state, New Amsterdam, New Nethcrland and the province of New York 1664 (corresponding with the arms of the Duke of York). Allegorical figures represent city departments : "Executive Power," ^'Guidance," "Civic Duty," "Progress." "Civic Pride." "Prrdence," etc., and the large copper figure surmounting the tower stands for "Civic Fame." *3 (P- 5/)- See the oaks in the Park opposite, brought from Frank- Route 7 HISTORICAL GUIDE East of fort, Germany, and planted here with public ceremonies, April 23, 191 1, by German Americans. Chris fs Church (known as the ''Swamp Church") was dedicated in 1767 by the German Lutherans at the east corner of Frankfort and William streets. During the Revolution chaplains of the German regiments officiated. In 1830 the building was sold, most of the congregation going to the new English Lutheran Church in Walker Street. *4 (p- 57)- See also paintings, old prints, etc., in Stewart's taverns at 8 Warren and 4-6 John Street, both near Broadway. "Ye Olde Tavern," 161 Duane Street near West Broadway, was built over one hundred years ago, and the upper floor was used prior to 1849 by the Public School Society for a primary school for colored children : it has been fitted up to resemble an XVIII century tavern. Another old building remains at the S. W. corner of Duane and Greenwich streets. *5 (p- 59)- Tablet on pillar in front of St. Peter's Church, erected 191 1, by the Knights of Columbus in memory of Governor Thomas Dongan. *6 (p. 60). See the original Memorial Stone, N. W. corner of Washington Market, presented by the N. Y. Historical SociE is at Third Avenue and Fifty-seventh Street, and the 5TH Milestone just one mile north, at Seventy-seventh Street (see Appendix: Milestones and Post Roads). Odellzille was the name applied to a hamlet of sixty years ago lying in the region of Third Avenue and Forty-ninth Street. From it a long lane led to the country house of Hora-^e Greeley on the East River shore. Yorkville was a village on the old Post Road between Eighty-third and Eighty- ninth Streets, Fourth and Second Avenues, by some so considered from Fifty- ninth to One Hundredth Street, the old Hell Gate ferry being then at the foot of Eighty-sixth Street. Seventy-fourth Street was the south boundary of the old *' Town of Harlem." Take Second Avenue Elevated R. R. to Fiftieth Street and walk east to First Avenue. 1. Site of the Beekman House on Beekman Hill, between Fifty-first and Fift}'-^ second Streets west of First Avenue, where P. S. 135 now stands. The house was built in 1763 by Wm. Beekman and became the headquarters of Howe, Clin- ton and Carleton. In a greenhouse on the grounds Hale was tried as a spy and here Andre received his final instructions before going north to meet Arnold. The house was torn down in 1874, but one of its mantels and some of the Dutch Scripture titles may be seen in the New York Historical Society Building. Note the steep incline leading up to Beekman Hill. 2. Beekman Place, between Forty-ninth and Fifty-first Street, near the river, preserves the historic name. Note the view of the East River here. 133 Route 20 HISTORICAL GUIDE Kip's l>*ay to Go north to Fifty-third Street and east to the 3. Shot Tower, built by Mr. Youle in 1821 (succeeding the old tower of Revolutionary days) and used during the Civil War. Nearby stood until recently the De Voor Farmhouse, built about 200 years ago, at the foot of East Fifty-third Street. The Spring Valley Farm was granted in 1677 by Governor Andros to David Duffore or De Voor. It was later called the Odell, Arden or Brevoort es- tate. It was a good example of substantial Dutch architecture and one of the oldest buildings in the city when destroyed. De Voor's Mill Stream, the Saw Kill or Saw Mill Creek, ran from the high ground of upper Central Park, being crossed at Seventy-seventh and Fifty-second Streets by two " Kissing Bridges." 4. The Brevoort House at 415 East Fifty-fourth Street is of Dutch architecture but much later than the De Voor House (af- ter 1800). It was a country residence of the Brevoort family, though not the original homestead. Go north on Avenue A under the new Queenshoro Bridge. 5. Smith's Folly, a quaint old house near the terminal of the new Queenshoro Bridge, 421 East Sixty-first Street. It was built for a stable in 1799 (see date on rear wall) by Colonel Wm. S. Smith, son-in-law of President John Adams. After Smith's failure it was used as a tavern until 1830, wh^^n it was bought by Jeremiah Towle, City Surveyor, and until 1906 was occupied by his daughters. Across the street are two old residences, one occupied by the Female Guardian Society Industrial School. 6. The Schermerhorn Farmhouse, built 1747, at the foot of East Sixty-fourth Street was a summer home of Governor George Clinton. It is now used in connection with the new buildings of the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research, the erection of which obliterated the Jones Chapel and an old graveyard where were buried members of the Jones, Hardenbrook and Adams families. Jones' Wood, north of Seventieth Street, was part of tlie 90-acre farm (from Sixty-sixth to Seventy-fifth Streets) originally owned by the Provoost family. Samuel Provoost becinie the first Bishop of New York and was President of Columbia College. riis cousin, David Provoost, was a Revolutionary soldier who became a smuggler (" Ready Money Provoost ") and hid his ill-gotten gains in the '* Smugglers' Cave " on the shore of this farm, or in a cave at Hallet's I'oint, Astoria. The old Provoost family vault disappeared in 1858 from the foot of I'2ast Seventy-first Street. The Jones family ac(iuired this froperty about 1803 and later Jones* Wood became a popular picnic resort, t was chosen as the site for a large city park for which was substituted the land covered by the present Central Park. Go west on Sixty-eighth Street. 134 Horn's Hook MANHATTAN* 20 Route 7. Monument in the German Reformed Church, Sixty-eighth Street, between First and Second Avenues, erected by the church in memory of Baron Steuben, an active member of the church of which J. J. Astor was elder, clerk and treasurer about 1800. The church was organized in 1758 and erected its first edifice on Nassau Street between Maiden Lane and John Street. In 1822 it moved to Forsyth Street, in 1861 to the corner of Norfolk and Stanton Streets, and in 1897 to the present location. On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the church (1908) the bell now used was presented to the congregation by the German Emperor.*i2 Take First Avenue car to Eighty-sixth Street and go cast to East River Park. 8. The Grade House in East River Park near Eighty-eighth Street stands on what was known in early days as Horns Hook (its first owner, Siebert Classen, coming from Hoorn, Hol- land), and later as Rhinelander's or Observation Point, where bat- teries were placed during the two wars with England. The house was built by Archibald Gracie about 1813 and Washington Irving was a frequent visitor here and at the John Jacob Astor residence which stood just south near the present Eighty-sixth Street and Avenue A. Some of the trees in the park were sent from China and Japan. Note view of the upper end of BlackwelTs Island, Mill Rock,- Hell Gate and Ward's Island (see article below on East River Islands). 9. Site of the Yalless Hopper House, on the west side of Second Avenue be- tween Eighty-third and Eighty-fourth Streets, until 1855. It was a quaint stone structure built by Benjamin Waldron, whose daughter Elizabeth married Hopper in 1759 and passed into his possession on the death of his father-in-law in 1782. Its sides were indented with shots from British ships during the attack at Hoorn's Neck. An advertisement offering for sale the farm of Adolph Waldron in 1786 states that a ferry had long been established to Hallet's Cove on Long Island. Go Zi'cst on Ninetieth Street, passing 10. The Prime House (best seen from Ninetieth Street be- tween Avenue A and First Avenue), now one of the buildings of St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum; some of its old fireplaces and mantels ^ are preserved and from its upper balcony is obtained a hne view of Hell Gate. Nathaniel Prime, a merchant prince, had his town house at No. I Broadway. He built the uptown house in 1800. Go north on Park Avenue to 11. The Winfield Scott Mansion, at Park Avenue and Ninety- third Street (northwest corner), erected in 1847 and now used as an academy by the Ursuline Sisters (about to be torn down, I9I2).'*'I3 35 HISTORICAL GUIDE THE EAST RIVER ISLANDS. Near the turbulent waters of Hell Gate is a group of three islands covered with vast buildings of stone or brick where the poor, the sick and the insane of the city, as well as the offenders against law and order, are cared for by the Departments of Charities and Cor- rection. Blackwell's Island, called in Indian days Minnahanonck or Long Island, and, later. Manning's Island, was granted to Captain John Manning, Sheriff of New York County, in 1664. Because of his dis- graceful surrender of the city to the Dutch in 1673, his sword was broken and he spent some years in retirement in his " castle " on the island. He left it to his step-daughter, who married Robert Black- well. In 1828 the city bought it for $50,000. Most of the buildings are of granite dressed on the island and built by convict labor. Around the island are heavy granite sea walls. Passes may be obtained from the Departments of Charities and Correction. Hell Gate is the channel between Astoria, Manhattan, Ward's and Blackwell's Islands, at the junction of the Harlem and East Rivers. Mr. Edward Hagaman Hall learned that " Hell Gate " is a name in use in Holland where it is spelled Helle-gat and is ap- plied to a difficult water passage between the Volkerak and Holland Diep, on the much-traveled waterway between Antwerp and Rotter- dam, the name being used in the same sense as the English translation " Hell Gate." The efforts to derive the name from an ancient root meaning " beautiful " or " clear " have no foundation in fact. Owing to hidden rocks and conflicting tides, the strait is yet dan- gerous for navigation, although many rocks have been removed by the government. The great work of exploding these reefs was begun in 1869-76 and completed in 1885. Among its features are Pot Rock, the Devil's Frying Pan, Flood Rock, Hog's Back, Nigger Head and Gridiron. A description of the strait is given in the Labadist Journal. Mill Rock, or Leland's Island, opposite Ninety-third Street, used to be known as " Sandy Gibson's," a favorite stopping place for fishermen. Here, in 1812, a blockhouse was built for the defence of the city. 136 East River MANHATTAN Islands Ward's Island (also called Great Barent, Barn or Buchanan's Island) was bought from the Indians by Van Twiller and used by him as a pasture. In 1776 it was occupied by the British who established a camp here. After the Revolution two brothers, Jasper and Bartholomew Ward, bought it and divided it into farms. In 1812 a cotton mill was built and a bridge which con- nected the island with One Hundred and Fourteenth Street. In 1840 it became the Potter's Field, 100,000 bodies being brought here from Bryant Park (see Section IV). 4. Little Hell Gate is the strait which divides Ward's Island on the north from Randall's Island (Belle Isle, Little Barent or IMontresor's Island), which has had many owners since the English ceded it to Thos. Delavall, an early collector of customs. Among the owners was Captain James Montresor, who lived here during the Revolution. Here, in 1776, 250 Americans w^ere defeated in an attempt to capture a British force. Jonathan Randall bought the island in 1784 and in 1835 sold it to the city for $50,000. A pass to visit the House of Refuge may be secured from the Department of Charities. North and South Brother's, Riker's, City, Hart's, Hunter's and Twin Islands are described in Excursion IX. 137 HISTORICAL GUIDE ADDENDA— 1912 *i (p. 107). The Cruger Mansion, a reproduction of Boscohel House, seat of the Douglas family in Scotland, was the home of William Douglas and his sister, Harriet Douglas Cruger. Kossuth was a guest, and his two nieces lived here many years. *2(p. 109). The Irving House was built by Mr. Martin, who in the 50's sold it to Mr. Phelps. The family say Washington Irving never lived here. Tablets and medallion heads: (a) William Lloyd Garrison, south- east corner Seventeenth Street and Fourth Avenue, to commemorate his death here, May 24, 1879; {b) Henry George (Sc. Richard F. George), on Union Square Hotel, Fifteenth Street and Fourth Avenue, erected 1909 to commemorate his death here, October 29, 1897. *3 (p. no). Herman Melville, the writer, lived at 104 East Twenty- sixth Street. *4 (p. 112). The Methodist Historical Society has a collection of relics in the Methodist Book Concern, 150 Fifth Avenue, corner Twentieth Street; the Huguenot Society, 105 East Twenty-second Street, has a collection of books relating to the settlement of America by the French. *5 (p. 114). Near Greeley Square: Statues of (a) Horace Greeley, Broadway and Thirty-third Street, by Alexander Doyle, erected by the Typographical Union and a Grand Army Post; {b) William E. Dodge, by J. Q. A. Ward, erected by New York merchants. In the Hotel Imperial, Broadway and Thirtieth Street, is the paint- ing, ''Bowling in Bowling Green." The Arsenal, Thirty-fifth Street and Seventh Avenue, contains tab- lets and war relics from the old Elm Street Armory. *6 (p. 117). Union troops were encamped in Reservoir Square. On July 4, 1863, the Draught Riots began with an attack on the Colored Orphan Asylum near by, at Forty-third Street and Fifth Avenue. The ''Croton Cottage" was burned by the mob. Statue of William Cullen Bryant, by Herbert Adams, on the east side of the Park, near the Library, erected by the Century Association in 1911. 138 MANHATTAN West of the Bryant Memorial is a Memorial P'ountain to Josephine Shaw Lowell, social worker and philanthropist, erected May 21, 1912. See tablet in front, sunk in the ground. In the Republican Club, on the site of St. Ignatius' Church, at 54 West Fortieth Street, is a large collection of rare prints and maps of old New York. *7 (p. 121). The name 'Times Square'' was given shortly after the erection of the present Ti...es Building, by a citv ordinance, April 13, 1904. In the New Amsterdam Theater, 214 West Forty-second Street, is the painting, "Reading the Declaration of Independence to the Army on the Common, July g, 1776'' (see p. 54). *8 (p. 123). Statue of General Franz Siegel, by Bitter, Riverside Drive and io6th Street, erected by public subscription. *9 (p. 125). Fulton Water Gate and Monument, to the memory of Robert Fulton, designed to stand on Riverside Drive, between 114th and ii6th streets, to be erected through public subscription c btained by the Robert Fulton ^lonument Association. When completed the remains of Fulton are to be transferred from Trinity Churchyard to this monument. *io (p. 127). Japanese Cherry Trees and tablet in honor of Grant and the friendship of Japan for the American people, presented by ihe Japanese Government in 1912. The tablet is just northeast of the tomb on a granite block. *ii (p. 127). Tablet at the south end of the Viaduct, near 128th Street, to commemorate the Hollow Way, erected 1910 by the Knicker- bocker Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. *T2(p. 135). The block bounded by Fifth and Madison avenues, Seventieth and Seventy-first streets, was part of the great Lenox Farm left to James Lenox by his father, Robert Lenox. In 1870 Mr. Lenox gave this block to a Board of Trustees for a public library, and here Lenox Library stood until after the opening of the New York Public Library, the proceeds of the sale of this property being used to complete the new library. ^ The American Jewish Historical Society, No. 736 Lexington Avenue, contains books relating to the history of Jews on the American C( n- tinent. *i3 (P- 135). Milestones are found along Third Avenue as follows: No. 2, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets (see Fxc. HI. p. 91) ; No. 4, at Fifty-seventh Street: No. 5, at Seventy-seventh Street: No. 7, at iT7th Street (see Appendix A, p. 371). A Revolutionary cannon stands at the southeast corner of Third Avenue and Fifty-first Street. 139. HISTORICAL GUIDE *I4 (p. 125). Carl Schurz Memorial, to be dediciated May 10, 1913, at Morningside Drive and One Hundred and Sixteenth Street, erected by public subscription. It is the work of Karl Bitter and Henry Bacon and consists of a bronze figure 9 feet high on a granite pedestal with the words — Carl Schurz, Defender of Liberty and Friend of Human Rights. Bas-reliefs represents his work in behalf of the Negro and the Indian. At One Hundred and Fourteenth Street and Manhattan Avenue is statutary by Bartholdi representing Washington and Lafayette, the gift of Charles Broadway Rouss. In Hancock Square, St. Nicholas Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty-third Street, is a statue of Winfield S. Hancock, erected by members of the Grand Army of the Republic. 140 EXCURSION IV.— CENTRAL PARK TO KINGSBRIDGE. From One Hundred and Fourth Street to Two Hundred and Thirtieth Street. By Frank Bergen Kelley. Corrected 1906 and 1909 with the aid of Reginald Pelham BoUoru Revised 1912 topyright 1897, by the City History Club of New York. HISTORICAL GUIDE Plate XXVI. Map of McGown's Pass and Vicinity in 1776. With Location of Some More Modern Sites. Dr^wn by Edward Hagaman Hall, from whom prints of original ii inches square can be obtained. Reproduced by permission. Division marks in margins represent projection of center lines of streets and avenues. Sites am-, topographical features are carefully located with refer- ence to these lines. For complete key to above map see " McGowan's Pass and Vicinity," by Edward Ilagaman Hall. 142 MANHATTAN Index 1. American Battery, 1776, whence Washington watched Battle of Harlem Heights. 2. American Battery, 1776. 3. Matje David's Vly, 1776. Ground embraced between 4, 8, 14, and 15 was battlefield of Har- lem Heights ; eastern portion now called Morningside Heights. 4. Claremont Restaurant. 5. Grant's Tomb. 6. Barrier Gate, 1814. 7. Fort Laight, 1814. 8. Blockhouse No. 4, 1814. 9. Block House No. 3, 1814. 10. Barnard College ; blood> buckwheat field, September 16, 1776. 11. Columbia University. 12. St. Luke's Hospital. 13. Block House No. 2, 1814. 14. Cathedral of St. John the Divine. 15. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, British fortifications erected 1776; 20 is on the great Hill (the Circle) in Central Park; 22 is also site of Fort Clinton, 1814; 23 is also site of Nutter's Battery, 1814. 24. Fort Fish, 1814. 25. Block House No. i, 1814. 26. British redoubt, 1776; Benson's Point redoubt, 1814. 27. Mill Rock Block House, 1814. 28. American redoubt, evacuated September 15, 1776. 29. Now Mt. Morris Park. 143 HISTORICAL GUIDE CENTRAL PARK TO KINGSBRIDGE Bibliography, " Harlem, Its Origin, and Early Annals," Jas. Riker. " New Harlem, Past and Present," Toler and Nutting. History of the War of 1812," R. S. Guernsey. " Field Book of the American Revolution," Vol. II, Lossing. McGown's Pass " (American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society), E. H. Hall. Lives of Alexander Hamilton, John James Audubon, General Na- thaniel Greene and Washington. " Washington's Headquarters," published by the American and Scenic Preservation Society. "The Assault and Capture of Mt. Washington," R. P. Bolton (Empire State Society, Sons of the American Revolution). " Transactions of the Long Island Historical Society," Vol. III. Holyrood Parish Magazine, articles by R. P. Bolton. Astor arid Lenox Libraries. Magazine of American History, Vol. VI. . "The Diary of Lieutenant Charles Philip von Krafft " (New York Historical Society). " The Campaign of 1776 around New York and Brooklyn," John- ston. " Force's American Archives," Vol. II, Series V. " Memoirs of Alexander Graydon," 1832 and 1846. " History of Attacks on New York," Stedman. " 1776, or the War of Independence," Lossing. " The History of the County of Westchester," Rev, Robert Bolton. " History of Kingsbridge," Thomas Edsall. " History of Westchester County," Shonnard. Annual Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, 1905. "The Indians of Washington Heights," pub. by Reginald Pelham Bolton (Am. Museum of Natural History, 1909). 1912 Report Am. Scenic and Hist. Pres. Soc, p. 147. * refers to Addenda, 1912, p. 173. 144 MANHATTAN SECTION L— UPPER CENTRAL PARK, IMOUNT MORRIS PARK AND THE VILLAGE OE NIEUW HAERLEM. (Figures refer to Plate XXVI.) ROUTE 21. A. NORTHERN CENTRAL PARK. Enter the Park from Fifth Az'cnnc and One Hundred and Seeond _ Street at the Girls' Gate and foUozv the East Drive; or from One Hundred and Tenth Street and Lenox Avenue, and walk south. 21. McGown*s Pass Tavern, on the site of the original tavern, built by Jacob Dyckman, Jr., about 1750, sold in 1760 to the widow of Capt. Daniel McGown, who, with her son Andrew, kept it as a favorite resort for hunters with foxhounds. The old stone McGown house was in 1790 replaced by a frame structure, and the property was sold to Thos. B. Odell in 1845. He in turn sold it in 1847 to the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, who added several buildin;is, one of which was used by the Free School Society. The heights were then called Mt. St. Vincent. After the act of 1853 was passed authorizing the laying out of Central Park, from Fifty-ninth to One Hundred and Sixth Street (extended to One Hundred and Tenth Street in 1863) the Sisters moved (1858) to Mt. St. Vincent-on-the- Hudson (Edwin Forrest's ''Font Hill"), but they had charge of a military hospital in the old buildings during the Civil War. After the war two of these were occupied as a road- house and an art museum respectively, but both were burned in 1881. In 1883 the present tavern was erected on the original site and in 1891 the old name " McGown's (wrongly spelled McGowan's) Pass " restored by law. The old Post Road ran through this pass, branching just north, one road continuing to Harlem, the other, then known as Harlem Lane, running north- west to meet the Bloomingdale Road, Along this latter road a body of American troops was pursued by the British, September 15, 1776. On the fol- % lowing day the British occupied the Pass and erected on the heights (which became the center of a defensive military signal system) a number of works which they held during the war. In 1864 traces of a Revolutionary camp were found at (20) the Great Hill or Circle (between West Drive and Eighth Avenue, opposite One Hundred and Fifth Street) where was located one of the British redoubts of 1776, On November 16, 1776, nearly 3000 Americans captured at Fort Washington (Section III, 61), marched through I he Pass en route for military prisons. On November 21, 1783, the British evacuated the works at the Pass, which were thereupon occupied by the American troops. Take path on right to top of hill above Harlem Mere, 145 Route 21 HISTORICAL GUIDE Central Park 22. Remains of Fort Clinton, named for Mayor DeWitt Clin- ton, an American redoubt, erected in 1814 to protect the city from anticipated British attacks. See memorial tablet on mount of old cannon and mortar, erected in 1906 by the children of the City History Club. The earthworks, traces of which are still visible, were thrown up by various volunteer bodies, including Colum- bia students, the Society of Tammany and the Master Butchers' Association. This fort is on the site of a British earthwork of 1776. The flat plateau east of McGown's Pass Tavern was leveled for (24) Fort Fish, and (23) Nutter's Battery, was 550 feet north of Fort Clinton and 600 feet north of Fort Fish. Cross East Drive and ascend hill opposite Seventh Avenue Gate, on the line of One Hundred and Ninth Street. 25. Block House No. i, on the rocky bluff opposite " Warrior's Gate" (Seventh Avenue). This was one of four stone towers erected in 1814 guarding the roads from Harlem and the north. On the south face see the tablet erected 1905 by the Women's Auxiliary to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation So- ciety. From this hill, looking north to northeast, may be seen the site of the original village of Nieuw Haerlem (Plate XXVH), the boundary between which and the City of New Amsterdam ran in a straight line from Seventy-fourth Street on the East River (two chimney stacks of the Metropolitan Railroad Powerhouse), through McGown's Pass, to the northeast corner of (11) Columbia University buildings and beyond to a point on the Hudson (3), near One Hun- dred and Twenty-ninth Street. All the low ground to the east now covered by buildings was meadow or marsh, through which, on the line of One Hundred and Seventh and One Hundred and Eighth Streets, ran the Harlem Creek. To the north, between Central Park and Washington Heights, lay Vredendal, the land of Dr. Montague, the first settler of Harlem. 146 MANHATTAN ROUTE 22. B— THE SITE OF THE ORIGINAL VILLAGE OF NIEUW HAERLEM. Established by Stuyvesant in March, 1658, which existed 200 years and is nozv lost to sight beneath the modern Harlem. By Reginald Pelham Bolton, 1909. Note. — So few traces of Niew Haerlem remains, that this section is not laid out as an itinerary, although the antiquarian may find in- terest in identifying the sites. (Figures refer to Plates XXVI and XXVII). Indian Trail, now St. Nicholas Avenue, and once the Albany Post Road, also in part called Harlem Lane. This ran through the centre of Wedendal, The site of the homestead built by Montagne in 1636 was where it crosses Seventh Avenue close to the 8th milestone. At right angles from the Farmer's Gate, to the northeast, another Indian trail ran to the Harlem River, then called the Great Kill, which trail became one of the village streets. Vredendal, or Quiet Dale, th^ first Harlem settlement, was begun in 1636 by Dr. Montagne. It was known by the Indians as Muscoota, or the Flats, and included the lowlands which extended north and northwest of Central Park, from the Farmer's Gate to, and including, Morningside Park (near 7). Montagne's Creek, known to the Indians as Rcchewanes, in later times called the Mill Creek, and in modern times the Harlem Creek. The large gasometers at One Hundred and Seventh Street stand in the old bed of this creek, which extended back on lines of One Hundred and Seventh to One Hundred and Fourth Streets to Central park at Fifth Avenue and One Hundred and Ninth Street. A little stream ran into it from the neighborhood of Morningside Park. The Mill Camp, at One Hundred and Tenth Street and Fifth Avenue, was the site of the local grist mill, established in 1667 by Captain Delavall, with a dam across the creek at Third Avenue and One hundred and Tenth Street. 29. Mount Morris Park. This hill was known as the Slang Berg, or Snake Hill, from the rattlers which infested it. The playground at the south end is a part of the Calf or Clover Pasture in which the settlers of Harlem had common rights. An American and, after- wards, a Hessian Battery was constructed on the summit in 1776 commanding the mouth of the Harlem River. The Fire Tower is one of the last relics of the old Volunteer Fire Department ; the bell was rung every evening at eight up to recent years, and this practice was resumed in 1909. 30. Sylvan Place. This little secluded street occupies part of the old Church Lane. Note the old trees on either side. 31. Dutch Reformed Church on One Hundred and Twenty- first Street, near Third Avenue. This is the fourth structure and stands on part of the original Toum Lot from which the timber was cleared as long ago as 1666 by the then lessee, Nelis Matthyssen, a 147 Route 22 HISTORICAL GUIDE Nieuw Swedish builder of fences. The building used to face on Third Avenue, but in 1886 it was turned round to its present position. In the belfry is the original bell, cast in Holland, which once hung in the first churc-1. The inscription on it reads : "Amsterdam Anno 1734 Me Fecit." This church stands near the middle of the Church Lane, or Great Way, alongside which tlie village was laid out."^' i 32. The Great Way. At the corner of One Hundred and 'I wentieth Street Haerlem MANHATTAN 22 Route i^nd Lexington Avenue is a triangular house, tlie angular side of which shows the line of the old Church Lane. On the northeast corner of One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and hirst Aveiuie, the line of Church Lane extends di- agonally through a lumber yard to the river. 33. ^Iidway of the block between Second and l-'irst Avenues on One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street, the street cuts through the center of the original graveyard. Here, among the graves, the Hessian soldiers were picketed in 34. Vcrz'celen's First Ferry to the Bronx was established in 1663, on the northeast corner of One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street and First Avenue. 35. On the northwest corner of One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and First Avenue was the house of the X'oorleser or Reader of the Dutch Church. 36. One hundred feet west of First Avenue, in the line of the north half of One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, stood the original Dutch Church, built in 1668. 37. On First Avenue, at the south side of One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, stood the second Dutch Church. Note that One Hundred and Twenty-F^ifth Street to Lenox Avenue passes through the Indian Schorakin, the Dutch Zegendal, or Vale of Blessing, known generally as Jochiem Pietcrsen's Flat, the second farm settled, before the village was formed, by Captain Jochiem Pietersen Kuyter, a Danish gentleman, who was murdered by the natives in 1654. 38. At First Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Street, the avenue and street cut the old Indian Trail. 39. Between One Hundred and Twentieth and One Hundred and Twenty-first Streets and Pleasant Avenue was a large Indian camp, probably a fishing place. A ruunber of uncompleted arrow heads were found here in 1855, indicating long occupation and a place of manufacture. Pleasant Avenue extends along what was the margin of the meadow lands, known to the Indians as the Conykeekst. and to the Dutch as the Ottersfyoor, from the numerous otters with which these banks abounded. This tract was granted to the Jonkheer Jacobus van Curler in 1636, afterwards purchased by Van Kculen and known for many years as Van Keulen's Hook. Montague's Point, Pleasant Avenue and One Hundred and Fifth Street (Plate XXV'I) known to the Indians as Rechewanes or the Great Sands. Here, in 1636, Dr. Montague landed from his dug-out with his family and farm hands, the pioneer settlers. Hellgate Bay. The large powerhouse of the ^detropolitan Railroad Com- pany, at Ninety-Sixth Street and First Avenue, occupies the center of the Bay, the meadow lands on i^-hich were reserved for the Dutch Church, 149 HISTORICAL GUIDE MANHATTAN ROUTE 23. SECTION II— HAMILTON GRANGE TO FORT GEORGE. West One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street to Dyckman Street. (Figures refer to Plates XXVIII, XXIX and XXXI; see also XXX.) Take Broadzi'ay Subzmy to One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street; Zi'alk north on Hamilton Place to One Hundred and Thirty- ninth Street and north on Convent Avenue, passing The new buildings of the College of the City of New York (here Historical Museum may be visited). Hamilton Place oc- cupies the line of Old Broadway, the old Bloomingdale Road, which led from Morningside Heights over to the Post Road at One Hundred and Fortj^-seventh Street. *2 41. Hamilton Grange, One Hundred and Forty-first Street and Convent Avenue, next to St. Luke's Church, formerly stood on the west side of the avenue, between One Hundred and Forty- second and One Hundred and Forty-third Streets. It was oc- cupied by Alexander Hamilton as a country seat (1802-4) and named The Grange " for his ancestral home. See the tablet erected in 1908 by the Washington Heights Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution on the porch of the house and an early engraving of Hamilton in the vestry room of the church. The Thirteen (liquid amber) Trees j said to have been planted by Hamilton in honor of the thirteen States, were between One Hun- . dred and Forty-second and One Hundred and Forty-third Streets, about 50 feet west of Convent Avenue; all are now destroyed. Go east to St. Nicholas Avenue and north to One Hundred and Fifty- second Street. St. Nicholas Avenue runs a little west of the original King's Way or Al- bany Post Road. ** Breakneck Hill " was part of the old road at about One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street. American Intrcnchmcnt Xo. i, at One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street was j constructed across the Heights in September, 1776. It was used in the fight I with British frigates on Sunday, October 27, and again in the defense of the Heights on November 16, 1776. A tablet in the park space, One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street and Broadway, erected by the Washington Heights Chap- ter, Daughters of the American Revolution, marks the line of this ^ intrenchment. At One Hundred and Fifty-second Street, on the west side, stood until i88t the farmhouse of Jan Dyckman, grandson of the original H^irlem settler of the name. Go west on One Hundred and Fifty-second Street to Broadway. 42. The Ninth Milestone, with date 1769. stands in a private garden on the north side of One Hundred and Fifty-second Street, between St. Nicholas and Amsterdam Avenues. *3 151 Route 23 HISTORICAL GUIDE Trinity Cemetery Plate XXVIII. Route 23. Go north on Broadway. 43. Tablet, erected by the Sons of the Revolution in the wall of Trinity Cemetery, northwest corner of Broadway and One Hun- dred and Fifty-third Street, to commemorate the fighting at this place in the assault on Fort Washington and marking the second line of its southern defences. The high mounds at One Hundred and Fifty-third Street, within the Cemetery, were crowned with American redoubts. Trinity Cemetery, within which may be seen the tombs of Gen- eral Dix, Philip Livingston, J. J. Astor, Stephen Jumel and other distinguished men ; also a cenotaph to President Monroe, whose body was removed to Virginia in 1858. The monument to Audubon is visible through the gateway on One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street, between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue. One Hundred and F'ifty-fifth Street was the extreme northerly limit of the plan of the city as laid down by the Commissioners of 1807. 152 Washington's H'dqrs MANHATTAN 23 Route 44. Minniesland, the home of John James Audubon, can be seen from Riverside Drive on the line of One Hundred and Fifty- sixth Street, near the river, in Audubon Park. The whole tract from Amsterdam Avenue to the river was the property of Audubon. The house was built in 1841 and the mansard roof added in 1864. Audubon lived here till his death, January 27, 185 1. It is said that in the laundry of this house the first telegraphic message was re- ceived from Philadelphia on an instrument set up by S. F. B. Morse. 45. Museum of the Hispanic Society of America, at One Hun- dred and Fifty-sixth Street and Broadway, donated in 1904 by Archer M. Huntington. It contains a library of books and manu- scripts, and a collection of objects of art and historical interest, as- sociated with Spanish history and art. 46. The Museum of the Numismatic Society (west of 45) con- tains a fine collection of coins and medals of general historical in- terest. Go east to Broadway and north to One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Street. A TABLET at One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Street and Broadway, erected by the Mary Washington Col. Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, marks the third line of intrenchments across the island. Go east to Edgecombe Avenue, or on One Hundred and Sixtieth Street to Jumel Place. 47. Washington's Headquarters, the Roger Morris or Jumel Mansion, One Hundred and Sixtieth to One Hundred and Sixty- second Streets, between Edgecombe Avenue and Jumel Terrace, opened to the public in 1907 as a Revolutionary and Colonial Museum, under the care of the Washington's Headquarters Association of New York and the Daughters of the American Revolution. For full account of the Mansion see p. 156. The cannon on the lawn is a Parrott Gun of the Civil War period. North of the mansion, on One Hundred and Sixty-second Street, ^ near Edgecombe Avenue is a rock on which it is said that FitzGreene Halleck composed " Marco Bozzaris." Go north on St. Nicholas Avenue. 48. Site of the Cross Keys Tavern, an old time road house, on the east side of the Albany Post Road (now St. Nicholas Avenue) at One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Street. It is said that here Colonel Knowlton's hodv was brought Septiember 15, 1776. The head of the leaden statue of Ccoree III (erected in Bowling Green) was brought here, and later was stolen by Cdx, the Tory inn- keeper, and buried at Kingsbridge until the arrival of the British troo])s,' when It was sent to England. Route 23 HISTORICAL GUIDE High Bridge Walk north on Broadway. 49. Site of the Bradley Farmhouse (1800), between One Hundred and Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Streets, west of Broadway. This was the site of a camp of Americans in 1776, and later of Hessians, to 1782. Numerous remains of camp fireplaces, with military objects were found here when streets were opened through the farm. Note on the west side, between One Hundred and Seventy-first and One Hundred and Seventy-Second Streets, part of a fire avenue of sycamores which formerly led to an old m.ansion overlooking the Hudson and known as the French Academy. Where One Hundred and Seventy-first Street is cut through rocks west of Fort Washington Avenue were traces of several camp fires and a redoubt. Most of these remains will rapidly disappear with the building operations encouraged by the extension of the Subway. Go east on One Hundred and Seventh-second Street to Amsterdam Avenue; or walk direct up Audubon Avenue. Lands walked over are part of the last allotment of Common Lands of the Town of Nieuw Haerlem in 17 12. Occasionally traces of old stone fences may yet be seen in vacant blocks. At One Hundred and Seventy-second Street, walk east around the Reservoir to the terrace on the east side. Note the fine view over the Bronx. 50. High Bridge, biiiU to carry the first Croton aqueduct across the Harlem in 1842. See tablet on bridge abutment. The high tower of the Water Department affords a fine panoramic view of the Heights and the Bronx, but it is not always accessible without a permit from the Department. The upper gallery is 404 feet above the river. 51. Crah Island. The marshy ground on the Bronx side of the Harlem at this point was the place of embarkation of the 42d Highlanders in their attack in the Battle of Fort Washington, November 16, 1776. They landed in a ravine about One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Street in what is now Highbridge Park. The American troops were concealed among the rocks of the Park. Take Amsterdam Avenue car going north. 52. British Redoubt. East of Amsterdam Avenue, in a field, opposite One Hundred and Ninetieth Street, a British redoubt with embrasures may still be seen. This formed the extreme east end of the Fort George outworks, commanding the Harlem River. Palisades extended from it down to the river bank. At One Hundred and Nine- tieth Street, on Audubon Avenue, was an Officers' Camp of the Brit- ish Army. 154 Fort George MANHATTAN 23 Route 53. Fort George, in 1776 Laurel Hill," later called Fort Clin- ton. Three fortifications were constructed from 1776 to 1783. The first, Laurel Hill, was taken by the British November 16, 1776, the American Colonel Baxter being killed. This was located under the present site of the Schultheis Casino. The second was an enlarge- ment of the first, built by British troops in 1779, and extended around the present Fort George Avenue. Part of the fortification may still be seen east of Audubon Avenue, opposite One Hundred and Nine- ty-second to One Hundred and Ninety-third Streets. 54. The great military Camp of Laurel Hill was occupied by many British and Hessian regiments between 1777 and 1783, and extended over the present truck gardens, west of Audubon Avenue, from One Hundred and Ninetieth to One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Streets. This hill was known in Dutch davs as the " Ronde-vlys-berg " or '* Round Meadow Hill," reserved for a future ** dorp " or village, but divided in 17 12. Note the fine views: west — Fort Washington; northwest — Fort Tryon; the flat valley below was the farm of the Kortright family to 1776; east — Fordham Manor, with New York University, just north of the site of Fort No. VHI, the ridge extending north towards Valentine's Hill, the site of Fort Independence (Excursion IX, Sec- tion 2); north — the view includes the "Round meadow'*; the Dyck- man farm and Nagel lands beyond Two Hundred and Tenth Street ; Sherman's Bay " or the " Half Kill " ; Inwood, or the Cock Hill^ site of Cock Hill Fort of 1776 and beyond, to the northeast, Marble Hill, site of Fort Prince Charles (see Section IV). Walk douii St. Nicholas Avenue to Dyckman Street, or through the woods, passing 55. British Earthworks in the woods half way down the hill in line with Amsterdam Avenue. (For points near Sherman's Creek see Section IV: 87, 88). 56. Site of the house and farm of John Coiirtright, or Kortright (1703-80), south of Dyckman Street, at intersection of Arden Street and Sherman Avenue. Quantities of shells and household rubbish have been excavated here. Return via Subicay from Dyckjiiaii Street. 155 Route 23 HISTORICAL GUIDE Washington's WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, ROGER MORRIS OR JUMEL MANSION JOSIAH C. PUMPELLY, A. M., LL. B. The Roger Morris House, more recently known as the Jumel Mansion, and now as Washington's Headquarters, is a fine speci- men of Georgian architecture and ranks in historic interest with St. Paul's Chapel and Fraunces Tavern. Lieutenant-Colonel Roger Morris, of the British 47th Regiment and a member of the King's Council, who was Washington's comrade in arms and wounded in the ill-fated attack on Fort Du Quesne, bought the property and in 1765 erected the house which he presented to his bride, Mary Philipse. as a wedding gift. It was occupied as headquarters by Washington from Septem- ber 16 to October 21, 1776. Here he formed plans for de- fending the Heights and for blocking the passage of the Hudson River and here he issued the remarkable series of general orders and carried on the famous correspondence with William Duer of the Secret Committee of Safety. In the neiguborhood were camped 8000 inexperienced volunteer forces, mostly raw and undisciplined, in motley garb and held together only by the bond of a common principle and the power of a united love of liberty and independence. During the battle which resulted in the capture of Fort Wash- ington, November 16, 1776, the T^Iorris House was the center of operations The three lines of earthworks to the south were carried by English troops under General Lord Percy; the 42d Highlanders scaled the hill above the present Speedway, while the main attack by the Hessians was in front of Fort Tryon. The prisoners from Fort Washington were first assembled in the Morris barns before being taken to the hulks and prison houses in New York. The house was the headquarters of Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton, and, therefore, the headquarters of the British Army, during the entire summer of 1777. During the summer of 1778 it was occupied, after his return from Philadelphia, by Lieutenant-General Baron von Knyphausen and his German staff. It continued throughout the war to be the Hessian headquarters, and in the last years was occupied by Lieutenant-General von Losberg. 156 Headquarters MANHATTAN 23 Route After the Revolution the Morris farm was confiscated and sold. It was successively farmhouse and inn, the latter known as Calumet Hall, where the first change of horses was made after leaving New York for Albany. In 1790, President Wash- ington and his Cabinet, after a visit to Fort Washington on July 10, dined here on a dinner provided by a Mr. Marrincr." Among the guests of the President were John and Abigail Adams, Alexander Hamilton and Mrs. Hamilton, General Knox and Mrs. Knox, Thomas Jefferson, Mrs. Tobias Lear, John Park Custis and Nellie Custis. In 1810 the house was bought by Stephen Jumel, a wealthy French wine merchant, who restored it to its condition in W^ash- ington's time. In 1815 the Jumels went to France in their own ship for the purpose of bringing Napoleon Bonaparte to America. They remained abroad until 1826, the house being rented during that time. Stephen Jumel returned in 1828 and the family was united in the old house. The Jumels brought with them man}- presents from Napoleon and souvenirs of his reign. His cam- paigning trunk, a chariot clock from the Tuileries, a table painted by Josephine and numerous pieces of furniture remained in the house until 1888. Stephen Jumel died in 1832 and was buried in the grounds of the Cathedral of St. Patrick in Prince Street. In 1833 Mme. Jumel married Aaron Burr. The marriage was- soon followed by a separation and divorce. From a period even before the Jumel purchase the house was the resort of French emigres. Louis Napoleon, Jerome and Joseph Bonaparte were at various times guests of Mme. Jumel. Mme. Jumel died in 1865 and her tomb may be seen in Trinity Cemetery, west of Broadway, near One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Street. Nelson Chase, who studied law in the office of Aaron Burr and married Mary Bownes, the niece of Mme. Jumel, occupied the house for fifty years. He was an able lawyer and litterateur and entertained here James Parton, the poet, N. P. Willis, his sister Fanny Fern, Mrs. Blennerhasset and many other literary friends. While a guest here, FitzGreene Halleck wrote his celebrated poem, ** Marco Bozzaris." 157 Route 23 HISTORICAL GUIDE Washington's After the death of Chase the property changed hands several times and finally in May, 1903, it was purchased for $235,000 by the city, through the intercession of the Washington Heights Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, assisted by the Society of the Sons of the American Revohition. On December 28, 1903, the house v^as formally opened under ^he auspices of the City of New York and on January 19, 1905, the Park Department decided to retain control, and in 1907 the Washington's Headquarters Association of New York and the Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution acquired the use of the house for a museum of historic relics and furnish- ings of the period of the Revolution. The Council Chamber, the large octagonal room at the back of the hall, known in Washington's time as the Court-Martial Room, contains some rare pieces of Colonial furniture, notably one of the Washington plates decorated with the insignia of the Cincinnati. It is said that in this room Washington received visits of the sachems of the Five Iroquois Nations who offered their allegiance to the cause of liberty. The Guard Room, in charge of Reginald Pelham Bolton, con- tains a collection of objects dug up on the battlefield and camp grounds in the vicinity by Messrs. Bolton and Carver, such as cannon balls and bar-shot, buttons of British and Hessian regi- ments, shoe-buckles, coins, Revolutionary weapons and Indian remains. The Dining Room contains portraits of the hosts and hostesses and famous guests of the house, all carefully arranged and veri- fied by W. H. Shelton, the Curator; also, a collection of Napo- leon-Jumel china presented by Edwin Francis Searles of Methuen, Mass. The Tea Room, which in Washington's time must have been the office of the Adjutant General, contains old furniture, por- traits, cabinets of china and souvenirs of the Colonial and Revo- lutionary periods. Washington's Bedroom and Office and the Rooms of Lafayette and Burr are on the second floor. The Washington bedroom is furnished as a Colonial bedroom, and one of its notable exhibits is a small table on which Major Andre wrote a letter to Arnold in the presence of his captors. The Lafayette Room contains 158 Headquarters MANHATTAN 23 Route the collection of Mrs. Louis Bennett of West Virginia, and in- cludes the richly carved bed and sofa used, by Lafayette at the Charleston (S. C.) Hotel. Other important exhibits are the Washington table from Fraunces Tavern, a British army blanket of the period of the Revolution, reproduction of the West and Copley portraits of Roger Morris and Mary Philipse (presented by the Hon. H. M. Bower, Mayor of Ripon, England), Washington watches, mourn- ing pitchers and handkerchiefs, Aaron Burr's trunk, Governor Bradford's punch-bowl. Governor Trumbull's chair and Lafayette relics. On the front of the house note the tablet erected in 1900 by the Washington Heights Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. The building and grounds are open to the public every day from 9 to 5. The Eleventh Milestone, originally at 170th Street and Broadway, was removed to Roger Monis Park by the City History Club, 191 1, and stands at the rear of the Mansion. In 1912 the Club provided a marker and bronze tablet with the following inscription: II Miles from N. York In 1769 at 156th St. In 1819 at 170th St. The City History Club 1912 See Historical Sketch of Washington's Headquarters, prepared under the auspices of The Washington Headquarters Association. New York, by Emma A. F. Smith. 159 HISTORICAL GUIDE aaDDODDDDraDI A VE — J T- . Afl<: HO ->H-A^ t y\v . k-> J . — I t-i-iu — nssflanDnDDDDDDDOD Plate XXIX. Routes 23, 24, 25. 160 MANHATTAN ROUTE 24. SECTION III— FORT WASHINGTON. One Hundred and Eighty-first to One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Streets. Take Broadway Subway to One Hundred and Eighty-first Street and zvalk west to Broadzvay. *4 (Figures refer to Plate XXIX; see XXX). 57. Site of the original Farm of the Van Oblinus family, between T/Qth and i8oth streets, west of Broadway; first Dutch settlers in this region (before 1706). In 1691 the ground was granted to Joost Oblinus, Magistrate of Harlem, and was known as the ''Indian Field," or "Great Maize Land," having been one oi the planting grounds of the Weckquaskeek tribe. 58. In Holyrood Protestant Episcopal Church, at Fort Washington Avenue and One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Street, is a tablet erected in 1902 by the Mary Washington Colonial Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, in commemoration of the exploit of Margaret Corbin, who took her soldier husband's place on his death during the attack on Fort Washington (see 69, p. 167). In 1902 a Peace Bell was dedicated in memory of the successful end of the Revolution. The surrounding land was occupied by American barracks in 1776 (a camp market being held here in October of that year), and by Von Donop's Hessian hut-camp u^.''-til 1781. 59. Site of the Blue Bell Tavern, on the west side of Broadway, 60 feet north of One Hundred and Eighty-first Street. At this point Washington reviewed the army of occupation on Evacuation Day, Novemoer 25, 1783. The tavern was a well-known hostelry probably started about 1730; Cadwalader Colden mentions it in 1751. It was occupied by Howe on the capture of Fort Wash- ington. Afterwards it became the store and home of the family of Bernard Bauer, or Bowers, and existed as a dwelling to 1870. (See the view in Valentine's Manual, 1857, p. 208.) The westerly hill north of One Hundred and Eighty-first Street was known as "Long Hill," changed in 1776 to "Mount Washington"; Laurel Hill, now Fort George, lies northeast of the line of Broadway. Go west on One Hundred and Eighty-first Street and north through the old Bennett Lane, passing on the right 60. Death Gap, the ravine to the north, the traditional scene of great execution, as here the British and Hessian troops tried to force their way up the heights, the defenders hurling great boulders down on them from above. Human bones have been found in the valley below, many near the Roman Catholic Church and One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Street. 161 HISTORICAL GUIDE MANHATTAN INDEX TO PLATE XXX. o ^ v. CO hH i-J CL, < S ^- ^ ^ ^ 5 o tc ^ ^ tc tc m ^ tc ^ 1^ 5 C bo c 'a c/) t 'I I o H £ Ix >; o ^ O Pi. ^ LO ^ c c O tc E o ^ o ^ s. ^ ^ O o C C U d c^* ^ tc ^ 163 . Route 24 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ft. Washington The " Hessian Spring " in the ravine below the rocks is now covered by Bennett Avenue at One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Street. The line of the avenue above was the site of the hut-camp, and some traces of the garrison of English and Scotch troops were found here in 1909. The line of an old zig- zag road, connecting Fort Washington and Fort George, may still be traced on both sides of Broadway. 61. Remains of Fort Washington, the central citadel of the defenses of the Heights in the Revolution, built chiefly by Penn- sylvania troops, directed by Colonel Rufus Putnani, afterwards captured by the British, and called Fort Knyphausen. This is the highest point of land on Manhattan, 270 feet above tidewater. Here the American garrison of 3000 men and officers surrendered on Nov. 16, 1776. At One Hundred and Eighty-third Street and Fort Washington Avenue the site of the fort is marked by a marble wayside seat and tablet (the gift of James Gordon Ben- nett), erected in 1901, under the auspices of the Empire State Society, Sons of the American Revolution, and of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. The tablet is at the base of the northeast bastion of the fort. The west bastions are plainly visible southwest of the Bennett House; the east glacis was the slope on the north side of One Hundred and Eighty-first Street and ravelins or breastworks extended across the old Ben- nett Lane and front yards of the two houses on One Hundred and Eighty-first Street, at the intersection of Fort Washington Avenue. Along Fort Washington Avenue have been unearthed numerous military relics, and 75 feet south of One Hundred and Eighty-first Street were found bones of 45 dead who appear to have been buried in a trench. This was the site of the garrison burying ground, and those killed at the Battle of Fort Washing- ton were probably buried at this point. 62. Bennett House, the one-time residence of the elder and younger James Gordon Bennett, founders of the New York Herald." 164 MANHATTAri ROUTE 25. SIDE TRIP A— FORT WASHINGTON MONUMENT TO FORT WASHINGTON PARK. Walk south on Fort Washington Avenue to One Hundred and Eighty- first Street, west to Riverside Drive, once Boulevard La- fayette, and south to the entrance of Port Washington Park. (Figures refer to Plate XXIX). Follow the path over the bridge, crossing the deep cutting of the Hudson River R. R., nicknamed the " Dolly Varden," the earliest railroad line (date of franchise August 19, 1847^ to enter the city, over which a few passenger trains and many freight trains still pass. 63. Sunset Lane meets this path from the south just before it crosses the bridge. Cedar Point is the projection into the Hudson northwest of the bridge. A fine view may be obtained up the river as far as the Tappan Zee. After crossing the bridge, turn up the side path to the left and on the top of the hill see the 64. Redoubt, built in October, 1776, by American troops, di- rected by Imbert, a French engineer, the best preserved of the entire district. *5 Pass south through the redoubt and dozuii over the rocks a short distance to 65. Site of telegraph mast, a circular hole in a flat rock, cut in 1852 for the support of a tall mast from which were suspended telegraph wires to the New Jersey shore, before the submarine cable was perfected. See the iron staybolts in the surrounding rocks. Descend to the river shore. The extreme point is 66. Jeffrey's Hook, now know^i as Fort Washington Point, the place from which ships were taken and sunk in the Hudson to check the passage of the British fleet in 1776. Here Washington crossed to and from Fort Lee, which is situated nearly due west on the Palisades. (Excursion to Ft. Lee: Excursion V, Section 6). The point is covered by remains of a one-gun "lunette," or moon- shaped battery, built in 1776. Note the beaches where men and stores were landed. Indian shell heaps line the bank of the east- erly beach. Take a rocky path south along shore to the Fort Washington Rail- road Station, or return by Sunset Lane to Depot Lane and ascend east to Broadn'ay, passing 67. Site of Post's Tavern, at the east side of Broadway, opposite Depot Lane. It was a well known hostelry from the Revolution to about 1854. Many small relics have been fjund at the northwest intersection of the above streets. Return to Subway Station at One Hundred and Eighty-first Street or L_ t^k^ ^/.y.> Trih R MANHATTAN ROUTE 26. SIDE TRIP B— TO FORT TRYON. (Figures refer to Plate XXXI; see also XXX.) Walk north along Fort Washington Avenue, passing 68. Libby Castle, built in 1864 by William Alexander Richards and occupied for a time by William Tweed. 6g. The site of Fort Tryon is at One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Street, on what was known as Forest Hill. A small two-gun "fleche" (marked by a tablet, the gift of C. K. G. Billings and erected in 1909 under the auspices of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society), forming the one-time northeast angle of the fort, is still visible. On the northwest side of the hill breastworks may be seen, probably the scene of Margaret Corbin's exploit. Around this hill took place the bloodiest re- sistance of the battle, 600 Maryland and Virginia troops with- standing 4,600 Hessians for nearly three hours. Half way down the hill towards the Hudson, and reached from the top by a nar- row path, was the spring which, at one time, supplied the gar- rison. In the little field on the east side are said to be buried the Hessian dead. 70. The Abbey is a fanciful name applied to the old Hays House, now a restaurant. Descend by the hill, turning southeast to Broadway, thence north to Dyckman Street, passing 71. The site of the old Black Horse Tavern of about 1812, on the corner of Riverside Drive and Dyckman Street. *6 Return by Subway or Surface Cars. 167 ^ HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 27. SECTION IV.— KINGSBRIDGE TO INWOOD. (Figures refer to Plates XXXI and XXXII; see also XXX). Take Broadway Subway to Two Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street Station. 72. Marble Hill, once known as Humock Island or Papirinemen a place parcelled out")- This Indian name included the creek around the Hill, 73. The King's Bridge, established by Royal Grant of William and Mary to Frederick Philipse of the Manor of Philipsburgh in Plate XXXII. Routes 27, 28, Ship Canal MANHATTAN 27 Route 1693 31^^ first constructed about twenty yards east of the present bridge, rebuilt in 1713, near its present position. It was broken down after the retreat of Washington's troops over it in October, 1776; repaired by Knyphausen's forces; abandoned from 1779 to 1782 as too exposed to American attacks, and replaced by a bridge of boats and pontoons further west. The bridge rebuilt after the Revolution was practically on the present lines, except that it was double, having a flume or dyke to supply water to Macomb's grist and marble mills. The latter were destroyed in 1856. The ll\id{)ig Place. A shallow place about 150 teet west of the bridge, first used as a ford for passengers and beasts. In 1673 ^ ferry was established here by \'erveelen. Under the present Broadway bridge was a little marshy island, locally known as Gardener's Island, on which was an Indian shell heap. 74. Fori Prince Charles, or the Charles Redoubt, at the corner of ^Marble Hill Avenue and Two Hundred and T\\ enty-cighth Street, was marked in 1894 hy a flagpole and a notice board. It was an earthwork commenced by the American forces in the summer of 1776 to protect the bridge, and was completed by the Hessian troops after November, 1776. Arother small fleche, or angular redoubt, was located to the east, on Kingsbridge Avenue. 75. Site of Hyatt's Tavern, built and opened by Jacob Dyckman, Jr., in 1763, soon after selling McGown's Pass Tavern (Section I), west of the present Broadway, exactly opposite the Kingsbridge Hotel in now vacant lots. 76. Farmer's Bridge, also know^n as the Dyckman, Free, or Queen's Bridge, built in 1759 to evade the tolls at the King's Bridge, on Dyckman's and Vermilyea's lands. It was broken down by the American forces while retreating from Fort Independence in Novem- ber, 1776; restored and used by the Hessians in landing on this island; again broken in 1778, on account of the American attacks, and later restored. Filled in and covered over 1912. 77. United States Ship Canal, established and constructed by the United States Government. Before it was cut tnrough, two little brooks ran east and west on the line of the center of the swing span of the bridge. These, in 1817, were enlarged into a little canal by the owner, Curtis and John Bolton, the latter an Alderman of New York, and a marble mill and quarries were established here by them. The present double-deck swing span replaced (1906) the single swing span, which now forms part of the Fordham Manor Bridge at Two Hundred and Seventh Street. 78. The Marble Arch w^as built in recent years as an entrance to the Seaman, now the Drake Estate. 79. The Twelfth Milestone, set into the wall of the entrance to the Isham property, at Two Hundred and Eleventh Street. Its original position was about One Hundred and Ninetieth Street. 169 HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 28a SIDE TRIP A.— COLONIAL AND REVOLUTIONARY SITES EAST OF BROADWAY. (Figures refer to Plates XXI and XXXII). Take the old Nagel Lane to the east, or the recently opened Two Hundred and Fourteenth Street to 80. Colonial Burying Ground, established by the early settlers, after 1677, on the Nagel property and placed in trust, 1807. It con- tains remains of the Nagel, Vermilyea, Post, Ryer and other local families. The Dyckman remains were removed in 1905, except those of Staats Morris Dyckman and family. At the east end of the graveyard, small stones mark the graves of the unknown dead, tradition says of the Hessian and British garrison, 1777-83. From the south side of the graveyard the remains were removed in 1909 to widen Two Hundred and Twelfth Street. 81. Site of the Negro Burying Ground, across Tenth Avenue, between Two Hundred and Eleventh and Two Hundred and Twelfth Streets, for the slaves of the settlers, — it contained thirty-six graves, all destroyed by excavation in 1902. 82. Indian Ceremonial Pits were located on Two Hundred and Eleventh Street, west of Tenth Avenue. They were opened in 1904 and found to con- tain the remains of a dog, a snake and a turtle, oyster shells ^nd pottery, probably used in a ceremony known as *' The White Dog Feast." Walk east to Ninth Avenue. 83. Site of the " Century " House, burnt down 1901, entirely removed in 1907, stood near the bank of the Harlem, in the line of Two Eflundred and Thirteenth Street. The house was built by Jan Nagel (the 2d) in 1735-6, used by General William Heath as headquarters in 1776, and later occupied by British and Hessian officers. Buttons of an officer of the 17th Light Dragoons were found here, as were buttons of the 15th, 38th, 47th, 57th, 80th and of the Royal Provincial Regiments, also Hessian buttons, Hanoverian and British coins. In front of the house the remains of a small building were discovered in 1906, with military e' jects (bayonets, bar shots, bullets, etc.), showing Revolutionary occupation. It was possibly the original settler's house, 1677 to 1735. *7 Walk south along the river hank or along Ninth Avenue to Two Hundred and Tenth Street. 84. Site of the Dyckman House, at Two hundred and Tenth Street, on the bank of the river, used during the Revolution by officers of the British troops, but destroyed or abandoned about 1781. Two Hundred and Eleventh Street was the line of division of the farms of Nagel and Dyckman, partitioned in 1744; it also* formed the north boundary of the first land grant of this district to Jansen and Aertsen in 1647. 85. At Two Hu^^dred and Ninth Street, on the river bank, note the traces of a great Indian shell heap. Two dog burials were found here. Continue south on Ninth Avenue. 86. FoRDHAM Manor or Nf:w York University Bridge. The low ground here on the Harlem was the meadow known as Myndert's Vly, the meadow of Meynard Journee whose name the Dutch changed to Meyndert Maljaart. It was bought from him in 1676 by Nagel and held by his heirs, although in the middle of the Dyckman lands, and known to, modern tisnes by the name of the original owner. 87. A British Camp of considerable extent existed on the edge of the bank 170 Sherman's Creek MANHATTAN 28a, 28b Routes of the river, between Two Hundredth and Two Hundred and First Streets on a site now entirely covered by the power house of the New York Edison Corn- pa nv. Here was a group of military buildings, storehouses or officers' huts. Near the remains of a great camp fire, numerous military objects, including many buttons of the loth, 23d, 37th, 64th and Royal Provincial Regiments, were found. Holland's Ferry across the Harlem was maintained at this point, to connect with Fort No. X'lII, on the hill just south of the Hall of Fame (New York University). This ferry was attacked and the ropes cut by the American forces in the raid in 178 1. Walk west along the north side of 88. Sherman's Creek, known by the Dutch as the "Half Kill," and later as the ''Round Meadow Creek" (1811). On the southeast bank the British troops landed November 16, 1776, to assault Laurel Hill (Fort George) (53, 54). Walk west on Academy Street, passing through the Round Meadow or Ronde Vly, to Broadzuay. 89. The brook running from Broadway to the Creek was known as Pietcr Tuynier's (the gardener's) Run, or Fall, being on the lands allotted at a very early date to Pierre Cresson. ROUTE 28b. SIDE TRIP B.— WEST OF BROADWAY TO COLD SPRING. ' From Bn oadzcay, go west on Academy Street. Note. — If Side Trip A is omitted, continue doz^'u Broadzijay from (79) J passing at Hawthorne Avenue the Dyckman House (98). 90. Indian Village and British Camp of the 17th Regiment. The center of this large camp was approximately in the garden between Cooper Street and Seaman Avenvie; it was excavated in 1907 and the numbered buttons of many British regiments were found. Indian pits were found, some being ceremonial, and several Indian human burials were also discovered here in 1907-08, with many aboriginal weapons and stone implements. Walk south around Seaman Avenue to Prescott Avenue. 91. Site of British Officers' Quarters, at the intersection of Seaman and Prescott Avenues. Buttons of many regiments have been found here. Above RiefT's Cottage were founS the remains of a flagpole, military bake- ^ ovens and other indications of camp life. U^alk north up Prescott Avenue. 92. Site of ijth Regiment Hut. A fireplace (about 150 feet north of Rieff's Cottage on the west side of Prescott Avenue) was found in 1904 and marks one of the huts of this regiment which are shown in Von Krafft's sketch map of 1778. The regiment moved hence to Stony Point and was captured there July 15-16, 1779, by the American troops under General Anthony Wayne. Walk over the hill and down the into the wooded valley known as the Clove. Follow the path to the west side of Manhattan along the shore of Spuyten Duyvil Creek to Route 28 b HISTORICAL GUIDE Cold Spring 93. The Cold Spring, or Spouting Spring, which probably gave its name to the Spuyten Duyvil Creek. The spring is now piped to a spot near the river, but originally spouted from the rocks. The Indian name of this locaHty, including (as they generally did) the Creek at this place, was Shora-kapkok, which may be trans- lated as far as the sitting-down or resting place," probably sig- nificant of the secluded character of the hollow, undoubtedly used for a long period of time by the aborigines whose large palisaded village (Nip-nich-sen) occupied the summit of Spuyten Duyvil Hill opposite. Note the great tree, the largest tulip on the Island of Manhattan, but probabl}^ not older than the past century, 6 1-2 feet in diameter, grown through an Indian shell heap which extends to the south. *8 Return south along the path about 75 yards thence west through the woods to the 94. Indian Rock Dwelling, discovered by Alexander C. Cheno- weth, within which were found aboriginal pottery, tools, bones, etc., now in Case I, Indian Room of the American Museum of Natural History, evidencing long occupation by tribes, antecedent to their scattering by the Mohawk Indians in 1673. In the rocks ^^bove was a cache, or store place, and below, to the east, under a large rock, are evidences of use of a fireplace. 95. Cock Hill. The hill above was known in colonial daj^s as Cock Hill, possibly shortened from Shora-kapkok, corrupted, in Revolutionary times, to Cox's Hill," confounded with the name of the Tory innkeeper of Kings- bridge. The remains of an American fort, enlarged by the British and used to 1780, were once on the land of James iMcCreery, but are not now discoverable. From Cold Spring a trail leads over the hill to the Hudson where may be seen the point of anchorage of Henry Huds^on in September, 1609, and of the first encounter with the natives of Nip-nich-sen (see 93). Returning to Broadway, take path leading to Emerson Street, passing 96. Indian Planting Ground^ now cultivated land, on the Isham property which has yielded many Indian objects and tools, discovered by W. L. Calver. *9 97. Scene of Fighting November 8-9, 1776. This entire vale was the scene of a skirmish between Pennsylvania troops and the Hessian advance guard, November 8-9, 1776, and was also the line of march of the center division of the Hessian army advancing against Fort Tryon on November 16, 1776, under Baron Knyphausei!;. Traces of Indian camps and military encampments have been found at several places in this vale. 98. Dyckman Dwelling: the second, or perhaps third, Dyck- man house, built in 1787, probably with materials from the older houses; it gives a good idea of the appearance of colonial farm dwellings, being much like the Century House. See old chimney on the south side, 172 MANHATTAN ADDENDA, 1912 *i (p. 148). This is now used for a Sunday-school and parish build- ing, the bell having been removed to the new church structure at Lenox Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty-third Street. In Cowperthwait's store at One Hundred and Twenty-first Street and Third Avenue may be seen an interesting collection of prints of Old New York. A good view of the Harlem Kills and neighboring islands may be obtained from the Willis Avenue bridge. *2 (p. 151). The Historical Museum of the City College contains a collection of rare prints and maps of old New York. On the wall is a tablet, erected in 1908 by the Sons of the Revolution to record the occupation of the Heights by the American army after the battle of Harlem Heights. *3 (p- 15 0- Fountain and Light Tower at Edgecombe Avenue and One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street, erected in 1894 by bequest of George Hooper of Brooklyn. Tablet in the wall of the kiosk or pergola on Riverside Drive at One Hundred and Fifty-first Street, erected in 1912 in memory of the U. S. sailors of the Neiv Hampshire who were drowned in the Hudson in 1909. *4 (p. 151). Fountain and memorial tablet at the west end of Wash- ington Bridge, Amsterdam Avenue, between One Hundred and Eighty- first and One Hundred and Eighty-second Street, erected T912 in mem- ory of Andrew Jackson by the National Society U. S. Daughters of 1812, Andrew Jackson Chapter. *5 (p- 165). In 1910 a boulder monument was erected here by the Fort Washington Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. It bears the words, ''American Redout 1776." *6 (p. 167). Mt. Washington Presbyterian Church, at Dyckman Street and Broadway, was built in 1844-46 at Tubby Hook; this name was derived either from Peter Ubrccht, one of the Dyckman family, or from the earlier Indian name Ubiquacs, as in the deed of 1649. Public School No. 52 on Broadway at Academy Street was opened April, 1858, on land given by Isaac Dyckman ; the nearest school then 'was No. 31, at One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Street, but there had been the Hamilton Free School (1820- 1853, burned) near One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Street on the Kingsbridge Road. 173 HISTORICAL GUIDE *7 (p. i/O). See painting in the Union League Club, 'Tassing the Outpost," by A. Wordsworth Thompson, the scene being at the Century House. *8 (p. 172). The tulip tree has been surrounded by an iron railing and the great cavities filled with cement by the Park Department. An inscription was placed on it in 1912 stating the age of the tree, its size and the history of the region. *9 (p. 172). THE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS OF ISHAM PARK By Reginald Pelham Bolton The land occupies a hill on the west side of the Kingsbridge Road commanding views of the Dyckman tract, In wood Hill, the Cold Spring hollow and Spuyten Duyvil Creek. This was a favorite haunt of the Indian local tribe, the Weck-quas- keeks, as shown by many evidences of their existence in its vicinity: human remains disinterred on the south margin of the Park at Isham Street, ceremonial dog burials at Cooper Street and numerous stone objects, tools and weapons. These and other historical objects are on exhibition in one of the rooms of the Isham Mansion set apart for the purpose. The land now comprising Isham Park was part of that granted in the year 1640 to Tobias Teunissen, a native of Amsterdam and a w^ool- washer by occupation. With his wife and three children he occupied a little home in this immediate neighborhood among the Indians who then frequented it. Teunissen fell a victim to Indian vengeance on the white colorbts in September, 1665, and his family was carried into captivity. In 1677 the land north of a boundary on the line of Two Hundred and Eleventh Street was purchased by Jan Nagel. In November, 1776, the Hessian Army erected on the highest part of the Park two redoubts ; a sharp encounter took place on November 8th, when the Pennsylvania troops, advancing from the woods of Inwood Hill, drove in the Hessian outposts and fired their quarters; the entire Hessian division moved over the Park area, when, on November 16, 1776, the assault upon Fort Washington was made. The present Isham residence was built by the Ferris family before 1862, and was purchased in 1864 by William B, Isham. He laid out the grounds, during which he disturbed many relics of the military occupation. 174 MANHATTAN In 191 1 the park, then comprising more than six acres, was presented by Mrs. Julia Isham Taylor to the city to be named in memory of her father, William B. Isham. In order to protect the park and preserve the view of In wood Hill and of the Palisades of the Hudson, an ad- dition of several acres was acquired and given in 1912 by Miss Flora E. Isham. Some of the most picturesque portions of Inwood hill will become a park, thus preserving the natural features of its original forest and its historical remains. (Route 28b.) For a discussion of the name Sf^uytcn ■ Diiyvil see the 191 1 Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. The mansion is a brick and frame building of peculiar shape, having four wings extending from a central circular hall and stairway. It is in excellent preservation and has been arranged by the present Park Commissioner. Hon. Charles B. Stover, as a public building, with conveniences for the use of the public, and a nursery for the mothers and children. One of the upper parlors is devoted to the use of The City History Club as a country meeting and exhibition room. Alongside this room is the mu-eum of local antiquities, discovered, prepared and loaned by Reginald Pelham Bolton and William L. Calver, which includes Indian objects. Colonial and Revolutionary re- mains from the Dyckman tract and Isham Park. There is also a very interesting exhibit of Indian weapons and articles collected by the late W. B. Isham, indicating his interest in the historical subjects for which his old home is now in part utilized. One of the objects of local interest, preserved by the care of the late William B. Isham, is the Twelfth Milestone on the old Kingsbridge Road, which he secured and placed in the wall of the present Park at the entrance to its beautiful driveway. This stone stood originally about a mile south of its present site, near One Hundred and Ninety- second Street, from which position it was removed northwards three- quarters of a mile about 1819, when the present City Hall was made ^ the point from which the distances were measured. The City History Club is now the designated custodian of these milestones, and it has prepared a tablet marking this stone. (See Appendix A.) 174a PART TWO BOROUGH OF THE BRONX EXCURSION IX— ROUTES 29-34^. By Randall Comfort. Copyright, 1906, by the City History Club of New York. Revised 1910 and 1912. HISTORICAL GUIDE HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE BRONX The Borough of the Bronx derives its name from its first white settler, Jonas Bronck, who made his home near the Bronx Kills in 1639 (50, p. 195). His house, which he styled Emmaus, was the scene of the signing of the Treaty of Peace with the Indian Sachems in 1642, and stood close to that stream which was named in his honor ^'Bronc'k's River" — a name that we now spell Bronx. Many Indians of the Mohican nation, Suwanoy (Sewanoe) tribe and Weekquaskeek local tribe made this Borough their home and hunting ground, dwelling on the shores of the Hudson, the Sound and the Harlem River. They have left various Indian names behind them, such as Aqueanounck (Aquahung), Quinnahoung, Kekeshick, Muscoota, Laaphawachking, Mosholu. Many titles date back to early purchases from Indian sachems. The earliest Dutch community settled was probably in 1654, at old Westchester Village. The English soon followed, some of the first titles being granted by Gov. Nicolls. Among the best known are Thomas Cornell, at Clason's Point ; John Throckmorton, at Throgg's Neck ; and Thomas Pell and Ann Hutchinson, amid the wilds around Pelham Bay. Other early settlers include Daniel Turneur, near High Bridge; John Archer, at Fordham Heights: Van Der Donck, at Van Cortlandt, and Jessup and Richardson, at Hunt's Point. The Revolution brought into prominence another noted family — the Morrises. Lewis Morris was a member of the Continental Congress and a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; Richard was a Sena- tor ; Gouverneur a Representative in the Provincial Congress and later an envoy to France. Lewis Morris afiixed his name to that famous document, although he knew that a British fleet was anchored close to his home in the lower Bronx. An attempt was once made to have Congress choose Morrisania as the capital of the United States instead of placing it on the Potomac. Many Revolutionary scenes were enacted in this borough, and a full quota of its residents went forth to serve in defence of their country's rights. The dreaded Neutral Ground extended from King's Bridge up to and beyond the Yonkers line. Pel- ham Bay Park saw the Battle of Pell's Point (Sec. VI), and West- chester Village may well boast of the Battle of Westchester Creek (Sec. V). Other sections could also tell of individual engagements wi4h the King's forces. The early and middle portions of the nineteenth century brought great changes. Fruitful farm lands produced their abundant crops. 176 THE BRONX Then came wealthy business men, who located here their country estates and whose mansions are yet to be found in many nooks, despite the northward advance of the city. The nineteenth century brought with it also two poets of world-wide fame — Joseph Rodman Drake, whose tomb still stands at Hunt's Point, and Edgar Allan Poe, whose Fordham cottage is still a familiar landmark. The year 1874 saw the western portion of the borough annexed to New York City, and in 1895 the remainder was added. Bronx Borough to-day (1912), a large part of which was purchased in early days for "2 gunns, 2 kettles, 2 coats, 2 adzes, 2 shirts, i barrel of cider and 6 bitts of money," is a community of over 500,000 sor.ls, ranking with such cities as Detroit, Milwaukee or Washington, or equivalent in population with the whole State of New Hampshire. In 191 2- 13 it was erected into the County of the Bronx by a State law following a referendum vote. Countless six-story apartments have sprung from suburban fields and meadows as if by the hand of magic. The borough's parks, over 4,000 acres in extent, are its special pride, — the Zoological Park and the Botanical Gardens in particular being unrivalled throughout the world. Thus we have briefly reviewed the 30,000 acres of hill and plain that are rapidly merging into that wonderful city which is so proud to style itself "the Metropolis of America." 177 HISTORICAL GUIDE THE BRONX THE BRONX Bibliography. " History of Westchester County," Bolton. ** History of Westchester County," Scharf. " History of Westchester County," Shonard. History of Bronx Borough, New York City," Comfort. " History of Kingsbridge," Edsall. " History of Yonkers," Allison. *'The Old Post Road," Hine. "Historic New York" (Paper on "The Neutral Ground"). "Battle of Pell's Point," Abbott. " The Spy," Cooper. Reminiscences of an Old Westchester Homestead," Pryer. " The Borough of the Bronx," Cook. " Story of the Borough of the Bronx of the City of New York," and "A Princess and Ano^er" (Scene at Screven's Point, see 87, p. 203), both by Lieut. Stephen Jenkins. The * refers to Addenda, 1912, pp. 183, 198, 202, 204 and 215. 179 HISTORICAL GUIDE Plate XXXIV. Routes 29, 29a, 29b IVoiii Kingsbridge north the section including Yonkers was in Revolutionary day.-, t.mied the Neutral Ground, the scene of numerous ravages by irregular bands known as Cowboys and Skinners, who committed such lawless depreda- tions thai many of the residents were forced into temporary exile. THE BRONX ROUTE 29 SECTION L— KINGSBRIDGE TO VAN CORTLANDT PARK (Figures refer to Plates XXXIV and XXXVI) Take Broadzvay Subway to Two Hundred and Forty-second Street, passing on the right, at 225th Street, site of okl Free Bridge (1759) (76, p. 169), and on the left, at 230th Street, old King's Bridge (73, p. 168), and further west, the Tippett Mansion (i on Plate XXXIV; see bottom p. 185); at 230th Street, the 2. Macomb Mansion, on the Bronx mainland, faces the Broad- way Bridge. In 1693 this was known as the public house " at the north end of the bridge," and in 1776 as Cox's Tavern. It was bought by Alexander Macomb in 1797, who built nearby in 1800 the first Macomb's Dam (see 25), and in 1848 was sold to the late J. H. God- win. Parts still show its great age. At Kingsbridge the old Post Roa^ from New York divided, the Albany Post Road (1669), now Albany Road, 'eading northward to Van Cortlandt, Yonkers and Albany, while the Boston Post Road (1672) led northeast over Williams- bridge through Eastchester and New Rochelle to Boston. The Kingsbridge Road extended southeast up Breakneck Hill to West Farms and Westchester, passing at the foot of the hill the old houce still called Emmerich's Head- quarters, after the colonel of the Hessians who had their extensive camp on the premises. See 2 a, Plate XXX\^I. Enter Van Cortlandt Park and walk through 3. The Dutch Garden, south of the mansion, surrounded by a moat. One of the stones of the old mill forms the base for the pedestal of a sun-dial. 4. Van Cortlandt Mansion, now a museum in the care of the Colonial Dames, built in 1748 (see inscription on walls) by Fred- erick Van Cortlandt. See tablet on the southeast corner. Note the quaint key-stones over the windows, probably brought from Holland. Here were entertained Washington, Rochambeau, the Duke of Clarence (later King William the Fourth) and others. During the Revolution this structure was the headquarters for the Hessian Jaegers. In one of the rooms Captain Rowe, of the Pruicsbank Jaegers, expired in the arms of his bride-elect, hav- ing been mortally wounded in an engagement with the patriots in the Tippett Valley. Here Washington stayed over night in 1781 previous to leaving for Yorktown, and again on November 12, 1783, before crossing King's Bridge to enter New York, See guide-book, to be obtained from the custodian, 181 Route 29 HISTORICAL GUIDE Van Cortlandt 5. The Rhinelander Sugar House Window is just northeast of the mansion (see inscription). It was presented by J. T. O. Rhinelander in 1903, and was formerly part of the old sugar house in Rose and Duane Street. (Excursion 1:46). This is flanked by two cannon from Fort Independence (see 34). 6. The Statue of Major-General Josiah Porter is behind the Mansion; it was presented by the National Guard, State of New York, in 1902. 10. The Parade Ground, military camping place, lies to the north. It is the site of Van der Donck's Planting Field (1653) where he located his bouw- erie, secured by purchase from the Indians and grant from Governor Kieft, and about 1650 built a house near the site of the first \'an Cortlandt house (8). Later his lands were called Colendonck, or Donck's Colony. Go east, then south, on Path to 7. The site of Van Cortlandt Saw and Grist Mills (1700) at the west end of the bridge over the dam. These mills were in use for over two hundred years; they were struck by lightning and burned in 1901, and the picturesque ruins were later removed; one of the millstones is still to be seen near the west side of the Mansion. 8. The site of the original Van Cortlandt House (1700) and the Van Der Donck House (1650). Adrian Der Donck, the first white settler, came here about 1650, built his house and established his botiwerie (see 10). His vast estates were known as the Yonk-Herr's (Young Gentleman's) land, whence the name of Yonkers. 9. The Berrian Burying-Ground, between the mansion and the lake. Further east was the negro burying ground, where the slaves of the early owners were interred. Across the lake may be seen the extensive golf links of Van Cortlandt Park. Van Cortlandt Lake was made in 1700 by throwing an em- bankment across Tippett's Brook, the Mosholu of the Indians. Follow the railway embankment to the north, cross the road and take ro'.gh path beyond over the track and to the top of 11. Vault Hill and the Van Cortlandt Burial Vault. In 1776 Augustus Van Cortlandt, then City Clerk, carried the records of New York City up here and hid them in this vault where they were preserved during the Revolution. In 1781 Washington built camp fires on this hill to deceive the British, while he was withdrawing his troops to Yorktown. About a mile northeast is 12. Indian Field, on the Mile Square Road, Woodlawn Heights, which was the scene, August, 1778, of a battle between the British cavalry and a small party of Stockbridge Indians fighting on behalf of the patriots. At Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street and Mt. Vernon Avenue an impressive cairn of stones and a tablet have been erected, inscribed as follows : 182 Park THE BRONX 29 Route Upon this Field, August 31, 1778, Chief Nimham and Seventeen Stockbridge Indians, Allies of the Patriots, Gave their Lives for Liberty. Erected by Bronx Chapter, D. A. R., of Mount Vernon, N. Y. June 14th, 1906. N. B. — This may be reached with less walking by taking the Jerome Avenue trolley from One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street and Central Bridge to Two Hundred and Thirty-third Street; go east to Mount Vernon Avenue and north to Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street. Follow the Colonial Lane north for. a short distance to reach the old bridge where the fight between the Indians and the British began. N. B. — This tablet was removed by vandals, July 14, 1912. ADDENDA, 1912 ROUTES 29a, 29b, 30 *i (p. 184). Just south are the early church and school buildings of Mosholu. *2 (p. 185). This oak is in the Seton Hospital grounds. In private grounds north, facing the Hudson, is a quaint old cottage, once stand- ing on Canal Street. It was floated through the early canal and brought in sections up the Hudson to its present site. *3 (p. 185). 24, a stone building, is now known as the Johnson residence ; it is on Nipinichsen Terrace, near the Parkway. In the wall of the Muschenheim house see the tablet, erected by Wm. C. Aluschenheirn in 1910 to commemorate Fort No. i. For full account of these forts see 191 1 Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Near it stands the Hudson Monu- ment, erected 1909-1912, by the Henry Hudson Monument Committee of the Bronx Citizens' Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission. The fluted column was designed by Walter Cook; the figure of Hudson by Karl Bitter, and the two bronze tablets by Henry M. Shrady. *4 (p. 187). This may be reached by the 138th St. trolley; walk up Gerard Ave. from 138th St. *5 (p. 189). See on the left, south of Tremont Ave., the Lewis G. Morris Mansion, built about 1830; note the stone tower and arched portico. North of it stands the Messiah Home for Children, the gift of the late H. H. Rogers. *6 (p. 189). In 1909 a bronze bust of Robert Fulton on a pedestal of Conemara marble was placed above his tablet. In 1910 eleven more names were chosen by the Senate for places in the Hall of Fame. (For full account of the origin of and procedure for securing places in the Hall of Fame, and for a full list of the tablets, see 1908, 191 1, 1912 Reports of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society.) 183 HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 29a. SIDE TRIP A.— TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY-SECOND STREET TO YONKERS. From the Subway station go north and take road on left running north (Newton Avenue, part of the old Post Road), passing on the left 13. The 15th Milestone, recently reset by the City History Club. Note that this stone has the stonemason's name graven on its face. About 400 paces north is the *i (p. 183). 14. Van Cortlandt's Miller's House, a white house built for the miller of the old estate. Further along, on the left, is 15. The Hadley House, partly of wood unpainted and partly of stone covered with vines. It probably antedates the Van Cort- landt Mansion. It is said to have given shelter more than once to Washington, and to-day stands on a 60 acre farm. In the ad- joining woods many relics have been found, including old Eng- lish muskets, and an Indian skeleton in a sitting posture, holding a small child's skeleton in its arms. Tradition says that slaves were kept in the old stone room in the south wing of the house. Just above, north of Riverdale Lane, is the Samler House, the older portion dating back to the Revolution. Go east to Broadway and take car to Valentine Lane. Walk west to Hawthorne Avenue, passing remains of 17. Washington's Chestnut, a gigantic tree over two centuries old. A tradition relates that Washington used this tree as a place of observation. 18. The Lawrence House, at the corner of Hawthorne Avenue. Washington stopped here and this is probably the house which was given to Lawrence as a reward for his services as guide. Go east on Valentine Lane and south on Riverdale Avenue. 16. The home of Clara Morris, gate over the Yonkers line. Go west on Two Hundred and Sixty- first Street and take H. R. R. R. train from Mt. St. Vincent. 19. Font Hill, the actor Forrest's old home (named for a former owner, La Font), is a stone castle with six towers within the spacious grounds of Mt. St. Vincent Academy. Below Riverdale Station is 20. The former home of Mark Twain, Sycamore Avenue and Two Hundred and Fifty-third Street, one block north of which is the Morosini Mansion, home of tlie late banker. It contains a fine collection of ancient armor. 184 THE BRONX ROUTE 29b. SIDE TRIP B.— WESTERN BRONX. From Tzvo Hundred and Forty-second Street, go west on Spuyten Diiyvil Parkway to Dash's Lane on which see 21. The Gardener's Cottage, near Two Hundred and Thirty- eighth Street and Greystone Avenue, built in 1766 by Frederick Van Cortlandt. A Jaeger camp was here during the Revohition. 22. Upper Cortlandt's, or Van Cortlandt's on the Hill, to dis- tinguish it from the house on the meadow below; the Stone House w^as built in 1822 by Augustus Van Cortlandt and later owned by Waldo Hutchins. Further west, near Spuyten Duyvil Parkway, in private property at the end of Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street, is the 23. Cowboy Oak where tradition says Cowboys were hanged during the Revolution. *2 (p. 183). 24. The Berrian Farmhouse, at the point of Berrian's Neck, commanding a magnificent view of the Hudson. See Cold Spring across Spuyten Duyvil Creek (Excursion IV:93). See also sites of Forts Nos. One, Two and Three. *3 (p. 183). No. One forms the foundation of W. C. Muschenheim's house, Spuyten Duyvil Hill, west of the junction of Sydney Street and Independence Avenue. In his residence are cannonballs taken from the bank around the house, and Indian shells from aboriginal pits discovered in 1909 under the lawn in front of the house. No. Two, or Fort Swartwout; crown of hill, northeast of intersection of Sydney and Troy Streets. No. Three, brow of Spuyten Duyvil Hill, north of Sydney and east of Troy Street. Under Spuyten Duyvil Hill is the site of the Indian Village of Nipinichsen, from which Indians came who attacked Hudson in 1O09. Under the hill, west of Riverdale Avenue, is the Tippett Man- sion, the home of the family for which Tippett's Brook was iKimtd (at J30th Street; see i, Plate XXX 1\'). J85 HISTORICAL GUIDE THE BRONX ROUTE 30. SECTION II— CENTRAL BRIDGE TO UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS. (Figures refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI). Take Sixth or Ninth Elevated Road to One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street and Jerome Avenue car across Central Bridge and north on Jerome Avenue, at first following the line of the old Macomb's Dam Road. 25. Central Bridge is practically on the site of the old Macomb's Dam Bridge, near which was the old Macomb Dam, _ making a pond out of the Harlem to supply the Macomb Mill at Kingsbridge. The dam was broken down by a delegation of citizens about 1840 and, being declared a public nui- sance, was finally abandoned. A mile to the southeast, reached by walking east on One Hundred and Sixty-first Street and south on Gerard Avenue is 26. The Francis Mansion, at One Hundred and Forty-sixth Street and Gerard Avenue, built about 1830 by Captain Francis, in- ventor of the metallic life saving boats. He was offered knight- hood by Queen Victoria and other honors by Germany, and finally received in his own country the ''thanks of Congress." The old Dutch oven is still in the basement. *4 (p. 183). Near One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Street the car passes on the right the site of the 27. Cromwell Farmhouse, built 150 years ago, lying at the head of Cromwell's Creek, where the wild geese gathered in such flocks at night that sleep was almost impossible. On the high ground to ^he west is the 27a, Anderson Mansion, almost on the site of the early hom.e of Daniel Turneur, the original patentee of Devoe's Point (about 1675.) This was the ancient Nuasin of the Indians. Jerome Avenue skirts the old Woolf* Farm, the first owner of which came over with the Hessian troops during the Revolution and settled on Cromwell's Creek. Leave car at Featherbed Lane, so called because it was extremely rough and stony or from the story that the Americans, surprised by the British, were rescued by the ingenuity of the farmers' wives, who spread feather beds on the lane, thus enabling them to escape without being heard. Walk west tn Atacomb's road, one of the oldest roads in this section, to the 187 HISTORICAL GUIDE N. Y. University THE BRONX 30 Route 28. Townsend Poole Cottage. Note the date of erection, 1782, in iron figures on the stone wall, reading backwards. In this cottage were lodged the Esquimaux brought by Lieutenant Peary from the far north. Walk along Featherbed Lane west to Marcher (Shakespeare) Avemi(^, then down to Jessup Place to the 29. DeVoe Cottage, built in 1804, one of the landmarks of the region. The family is descended from the Huguenot family of Devaux. Walk down Jessup Place to Boscohel Avenue, then north to Wash- ington Bridge, from the middle of which may be obtained fine panoramic views north and south. Take Aqueduct Avenue car to University Avenue. "^S (P- i^3)- 30. New York University, removed here from Washington Square in 1894 (Excursion J I, Section HI). The Hall of Fame, to honor great Americans, was dedicated on Memorial Day, 1901, wdien the first 29 tablets were unveiled. II more were unveiled in 1907. Note the view of the Dyckman and Nagel farms in Inwood Valley and of the heights of Fort Washington. There is a small historical collection in the Li- brary. *6 (p. 183). Tablet to mark site of Fort No. Eight, erected in 1906 on the- Chemistry Buildii>g by the Sons of the Revolution. The Schwab mansion is within the site of the fort. (Refer to monograph on " Fort No. Eight " by Prof. Schwab of Yale.) At the old stone Archer House, just below, Colonel De Lancey of the Loyalist De Lancey Horse," had his headquarters, while the nearby Fort No. Eight was occupied by the Americans, t The site of Fort No. Seven (no trace) is at Sedgwick Ave. and Fordham Road. On the campus is a monument to the Founders of N. Y. Uni- versity (built of material from the old building). tA stone inscribed ''Fort Number Eight, 1776-1783," stands on the^ prolongation of "Battery Hill," 80 yards S.W. of the Hall of Chem- istry. This marks the exact location. 189" HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 30a SIDE TRIP A.— TO JEROME PARK RESERVOIR (Figures refer to Plate XXXVI) From N. Y. University take Aqueduct Avenue trolley north to Kings- bridge Road, passing 31. The Webb Shipbuilder's Home and Academy, fronting on Sedgwick Avenue. In front of it is a figurehead from an old bark. To the north rises the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, occupying the site of Fort No. Five. Fort No. Six was on the east side of Aqueduct Avenue, between 190th and 1926. Streets. 32. Fordham Manor Dutch Reformed Church, Kingsbridge 'Road and Aqueduct Avenue, the successor to the structure of 1706. Virginia Poe, wife of the poet, was first buried here. The Poe Cottage, where Edgar Allan Poe and his wife lived, stands on the old Kingsbridge Road, one-half mile east (see 69). The large buildings to the southwest are those of the Roman Catho- lic Orphan Asylum. Go north on Claflin Terrace along the west side of Jerome Park Reservoir, 300 acres in extent, occupying the site of the Jerome Park Race Track. The reservoir has obliterated the sites of the Betts and Bathgate Houses. 33. Fort No. Four (lately restored and marked by a fiag-pole), one of the chain of forts built by the Americans in 1776 to command the valley below. King's Redoubt bet. 33 and Kingsbridge Road. 34. Fort Independence (1776) The site of this fort is now occupied by the residence of \Vm. O. Giles, on Giles Place, near l^^ort Independence Street. In 1772 General Richard Montgomery dwelt in this section, calling it his King's Bridge Farm. On his land stood until recently the ruins of a Revolutionary powder magazine known as Washington's Powder House. On the edge of the hill is the 35. MOXTGOMFRY COTT.XGK, partly destroyed 1909, of Dutch architecture, at ileath Avenue and Fort Independence Street. Across the old Boston Post Road was the Farm of Dominie Tctard, Chaplain to General Montgomery and French Interpreter to General Schuyler, his house dating from 1776. Take Sedgwick Avenue trolley north to Subway or south to Third Avenue Elevated, or continue on Route 30b. 190 THE BRONX ROUTE 30b. SIDE TRIP B— WTLLIAMSBRIDGE AND WAKEFIELD. (Figures refer to Plate XXXVI and XXXVII). Take Jerome Avenue trolley to Van Cortlandt Avenue and walk east to IVoodlawn Road, passing 36. The Isaac Varian Homestead, erected in 1776, the old wing (now destroyed) dating from 1770. An encounter between the British and Americans occurred here in 1776, the Continentals driving their foes out of this house and along the Boston Post Road to Fort Independence, (see old graveyard in rear). Go south on IVoodlawn Road to Bainhridge Avenue. 37. The Church of the Holy Nativity, built into the walls of which are three old tombstones, two of the Bussing family dated 1751 and one of the Valenti^^e family. At JFebster Avenue take IT lute Plains Avenue trolley, and see in passing 38. The Hermitage, a noted French restaurant. This locality is the scene of Hopkinson's Smith's " A Day at Laguerre's " . and Other Days/', Continue on trolley north on White Plains Road. N'car Williams- bridge Square, see on the west 39. A Revolutionary House, painted red, its sides full of holes made by British bullets. Opposite the Catholic church is the site of the old Williams House, the home of the family after which Williamsbridge is named. 40. The Hustace House, one of the oldest landmarks of the region, Two Hundred and Twenty-first Street, facing an old white house on a disused lane. ^ 41. The Havens House, northeast corner of Two Hundred and Twenty-second Street, very old and containing many relics, including the mahogany bedstead on which Commodore Perry died. It is said that the piano now in Washington's headquarters at Newburgh was the property of Mrs. Havens while she was in the family of Governor Clinton, by whom she was adopted. On the corner of Two Hundred and Twenty-eighth Street stood the shingled house, torn down in 1885, used for a time by Washington as headquarters.* 191 HISTORICAL GUIDE Woodlawn THE BRONX 30b Route 42. Site of Pcnficld Homestead, once standing at Two Hun- dred and Forty-second Street, east of White Plains Road, over a century old. See quaint inscriptions on the old-fashioned win- dows, hand wrought nails and timbers and Dutch bricks testify to the age of the house. Go west through 241st St. to Webster Ave. At Demilt Avenue once stood the Thirteen Trees planted in early days by a relative of the Paulding who helped to capture Andre. They have all yielded to the onward march of progress, the last one, a black walnut, measuring 3 feet 8 inches at the butt, having been cut down a few years ago. Return to Baychester Avenue and go west to Webster Avenue, pass- ing, at Baychester and Matilda Avenues, 43. The former home of Adelina Patti, where she spent part of her girlhood. 44. Washington's Gun House, on the old Hyatt Farm, west of Webster Avenue and just below the car barns. Here Washington is said to have stored his guns — hence the name of the adjoin- ing settlement, Washingtonville.f Take Webster Avenue trolley south, passing Woodlawn Cemetery. Among the 66,000 interments are those of Admiral Farragut and Lieutenant De Long. The Receiving V^ault occupies the site of the Valentine Homestead. In the southeast corner of the cemetery is an American redoubt thrown up by American troops under General Heath (45). *This was while Washington was retreating toward White Plains. He left the cannon here in order to make more rapid progress and thus be able to make a better stand against Howe (see 100). The house may best be reached via Harlem Station car to terminus, thence on McLean Avenue car. f4ia. The Chateauneuf Residence on the south side of Two Hun- dred and Thirty-tirst Street, west of W hite Plains Road, built about 1853, was the refuge of the widow and children of the Marquis de Chateauneuf, formerly Governor of Touraine, who fled from France to escape espionage. HISTORICAL GUIDE THE BRONX ROUTE 31. SECTION III— HARLEM RIVER TO HUNT'S POINT. (Figures refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVIII). At One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street, foot of the Third Avenue Elevated Road, take Third Avenue trolley, passing at Third Avenue and One Hundred and Thirty- sixth Street 46. The old Mott Mansion, formerly the home of the founders of Mott Haven. It is now used as two tenements. 47. The Mott Memorial Dutch Reformed Church, at Third Avenue and One Hundred and Forty-sixth Street, erected by Jordan L. ^rott about 1849.*; (p. 198). Go east to St. Ann's Avenue and south to 48. St. Ann's Episcopal Church, at St. Ann's Avenue and One Hundred and Fortieth Street, contains a memorial window and several tablets in memory of the Morris family. The church was a gift from Gouverneur Morris. The vaults in the grounds and below the church contain the remains of many distinguished members of the family, including Mrs. Morris, a lineal descend- ant of Pocahontas. *8 (p. 198). Go south to One Hundred and Thirty-third Street and take Southern Boulevard trolley east, 49. Site of Gouverneur Morris Mansion (line of One Hundred and Thirtieth Street and Cypress Avenue), lately destroyed, the home of the Morris family of Morrisania, where Lafayette and other notable persons were entertained. It was filled with relics, including Morris' wooden leg. Gouverneur Morris, the statesman, soldier and diplomat, owned 1920 acres of Bronx real estate. Indian pits have been discovered under the lawn north of the house. Close by is the site of the home of Lewis Morris, a signer of the Declaration of In- dependence. Just west, near the beginning of Bronx Kills, is 50. The site of the home of Jonas Bronck, the first settler in the Bronx, 1639 (see Historical Sketch). The house had a tiled roof and Bronck *' used real silver on his table, had a table cloth and napkins, and possessed as many as six linen shirts." At this house, which was like a miniature fort, the treaty was signed by the Dutch with the Weckquaeskeek sachems, Ranaqua * and Tackamuck, 1642. In the Morris High School, at One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Street and Boston Avenue, are two mural paintings by Edward Willard (presented by the Municipal Art Society in 1907) rep- resenting (i) the making of the Treaty of Peace between the Dutch and Indians in 1642 at the house of Jonas Bronck and (2) Gouverneur Morris before the Convention framing the National Constitution. ^95 . Route 31 HISTORICAL GUIDE Hunt's Passing Port Morris, the car goes near Leggett Avenue, formerly Leggett's Lane, along which the British marched, passing a deep cave near the Long- wood Club House where the Americans had, while in flight, hidden the bodies of some of their companions. On the right is the site of the Whitlock or Casanova Mansion (1859), in its day one of the most magnificent houses in America. The door knobs were of solid gold and the house had secret rooms and underground passages. Just beyond, the Boulevard crosses Lafayette Lane. Under the trees to the right was an old structure called the *' Kissing Bridge. Leave the car at Hunt's Point Avenue and take Hunt's Point Avenue trolley (or take Hujit's Point car from near Intervale Avenue Station of the Subn'ay), passing on the right 51. The site of the Locusts, of Revolutionary days, the home of the tutor of the Faile family, who formerly taught in the family of Sir Walter Scott. Beyond is 52. The site of Woodside, built in 1832, the residence of the late E. G. Faile (now occupied by the American Bank Note Co.) Beyond is the east end of Lafayette Avenue, formerly the narrow Lafayette Lane. In 1824 the French general traveled from Boston to New York via Fox Corners, presumably to stay at one of the Leggett houses on Hunt's Point. George Fox was one of the marshals of a delegation of New York citizens to meet and escort him. The lane was thus named in his honor. Lafayette is said to^ have " paused in silent meditation at the grave of Joseph Rodman Drake.'* On the south side of Lafayette Avenue stands 53. The Corpus Christi Monastery. Adjoining is the extensive 55. Sevilla Home for Children. Across Hunt's Point Avenue is 54. Sunnyside, one of the finest residences in the Bronx, the former home of Peter Hoe. Note the view of Manhattan, show- ing St. Patrick's Cathedral, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, St. Luke^s Hospital, Columbia Library and Grant's Tomb. A short distance below Cherry Lane branches off, leading to the Leggett Dock near the foundations of an old Leggett house. Further along, nearer the Sound, is the site of Blythe, formerly the residence of Francis J. Baretto, after whom Baretto's Point was named. It was of Revolutionary date and when its inside shutters were closed, it was a miniature fortress. Down in the field to the right are the sites of the Jessup and Richardson Houses, near the ancient spring. In 1660, Governor Nicolls granted 1,000 acres in this region to Edward Jessup and John Richardson, who had bought it from the Indians. Among their descendants were the Hunts, after whom the point is named, and they were related to the early Leggetts. In the field opposite, on the long slope below the Dickey Mansion, see the site of the Leggett huryir.7-ground, whence ten bodies of early settlers were removed, one being that of Mayor Leggett of Westchester. On the left, beyond the curve in the road, is the 56. Joseph Rodman Drake Park, containing the grave of Joseph Rodman Drake, author of " The Culprit Fay," " Bronx " and "Ode to the American Flag." The stone is "a modest shaft, half hidden by the tangle of bushes and wild flowers that border the road, marking the grave of a poet who knew and loved our own 196 Point THE BRONX 31 Route neighborhood in the early days when all was country-like and the city far away." The inscription reads : Sacred to the Memory of Joseph Rodman Drake, M. D., who died Sept. 21st, 1820. "None knew him but to love him; None named him but to praise." The burying-ground has been included in the new Joseph Rod- man Drake Park. See the ancient gravestones of the earliest members of the Hunt family. Among the relics of the old Hunt Inn is a pane of glass from one of the windows on which is written with a diamond the names of Drake and Nancy Leggett, joined at the end with a bracket and the single word " Love." The poet was a lineal descendant of the colonial Drakes, settlers of Eastchester. Across the road is the * Graveyard of the slaves of early residents, among them being "Bill," the colored pilot of the Hussar (see 83). Further down on the left across the bridge are 57. Lord Howe's Intrenchments among a group of trees. In the gravel pit on the east side have been found prehistoric stone im- plements. Close by is an old cave, declared to have been a Revolu- tionary powder house. At the extreme end of the Point is the 58. Hunt Mansion, dating back to 1688, and built in four sec- tions as the residents gradually added to their wealth, the most ancient house on the estate which for two centuries has been known as Hunt's Point. Among the welcome guests here were Drake and Halleck. Return by new Hunt's Point Avenue to Southern Boulevard, along which, near Fox Square, see 59. Foxhurst Mansion, Westchester Ave. and 167th St., built in 1848 by the late W. W. Fox, one of original Croton Aqueduct Com- ' missioners. Back of this stood the old Hunt Inn, erected in 1660, a noted tavern, the starting place of countless fox hunts and the ren- dezvous of the Red Coat officers. When burned in 1892, many interesting relics were found in its walls. 197 Route 31 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ambleside 60. Ambleside, opposite 59, formerly the residence of the Simpson family, and the site of Brightside, the country seat of the late Colonel R. M. Hoe, inventor of the rotary printing press. Ambleside is on Simpson Street, below Westchester Avenue ; Brightside was on the Southern Boulevard east of Westchester Avenue. Return by Subway from Simpson Street Station. ADDENDA, 1912 ROUTE 31 *7 (P- 195)- See within tablet to Jordan L. Mott, ''Founder of the village of Mott Haven; born at Hempstead, L. I., A.D. 1798; died in New York City, A.D. 1868," etc., erected by the congregation. *8 (p. 195). St. Ann's was erected in 1840 by Gouverneur Morris in memory of his mother, Ann Carey Randolph of Roanoke, Va. Gouverneur Morris lies buried here in one of the family vaults. *9 (p. 197). The stone portion bears marks of the shells of Lord Howe's fleet. 198 THE BRONX ROUTE 32. SECTION IV— WESTERN MORRISANIA, FORDHAM AND BROlSfX PARK. (Figures refer to Plates XXXV, XXXVI and XXXIX). Take Third Avenue Elevated Road to One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Street, or Subivay to One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street and Third Avenue Elevated Road to One Hundred Sixty-sixth Street. Go west on One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Street. 61. Old Stone Gate House, below One Hundred and Sixty- seventh Street, west of Third Avenue. This is the oldest build- ing in Morrisania and the only one standing that was there be- fore the village was formed in 1848. '^lo (p. 202). 62. Wm. H. Morris Mansion, near Findlay Avenue, built in 1816, near the site of an older house erected in 1795 by James Morris. It is said that Frances Hodgson Burnett was married here. Jefferson Davis was a visitor and used to wander in the woods nearby. Just west is the site of the Morris I'urnihoiisc, dating from 1792, a quaint stone structure."^! I (i). 202). 64. The Zborowski Mansion, the present headquarters of the Bronx Park Department, a solid stone building in Claremont Park. It was built in 1859, and is evidently on the site of an older building dating about 1676. Beyond is the famous Black Swamp, where cattle have been lost since the time of the Indians, and which for years defied the efforts of all contractors to fill up. (63, Plate XXXVI.) Continue north on Webster Avenue, transfer east on Tremont Av- enue, passing near the site of the Bathgate Homestead, and north on TJiird Avenue Trolley. At One Hundred and Seventy-sixth street is the site of the Bathgate Avenue House, a very old structure, recently destroyed. 65. The Jacob Lorillard House, in the grounds of the Home for Incurables at One Hundred and Eighty-second Street, now the home of the Medical Superintendent. Here Poe once re- cited " The Raven." Just below, at Oak Tree Place, was the celebrated oak tree where met the boundaries of the ancient manors of Morrisania, Fordham and the Jessup-Richardson Patent. Leave trolley at Fordham Road and walk east to Washington Avenue. 66. Powell Farm House, Fordham's oldest house, sjiid to be haunted. 199 ^ HISTORICAL GUIDE Plate XXXIX. Routes 32, 34a 200 Fordham THE BRONX 32 Route 67. Stenton Residence, scene of the recent murder (1006). having secret rooms. In the rear stood an old barn, recently burned, said to have sheltered Washington's horses during the Revolution. 66 is above, 67 below 189th St., east side of Washington Ave. Walk west to Fordham Square. 68. Nolan's Hotel, where Washington is said to have stopped when he stabled his horses in the Stenton barn. Walk west up the hill along the Kingshridge Road to the 69. Poe Cottage, where Edgar Allan Poe lived (1846-49) and wrote many of his poems, including "Annabel Lee," " Ulalume " and " Eureka.'' Here Virginia, his invalid wife, died and was buried from the Fordham Manor Dutch Reformed Church (32). In Poe Park, directly opposite the cottage, is a bust of Poe with an inscription, erected by the Bronx Society of Arts and Sciences on the centenary of his birth, January 19, 1909. In the Briggs House (near 69), lived an old lady who sup- plied Poe with the necessities of life during his deepest poverty. 70. Valentine Farmhouse, further west on Fordham road, near Concourse, remodeled into a modern residence. Take trolley to Fordham Square, then northbound car, passing on the. right 71. The grounds of Fordham University, or St. John's College (founded 1841), where was once Rose Hill Manor on which stands the Rose Hill Manor House; formerly here stood the Rose Hill Manor Farmhouse, i<^(X3- Here was born Andrew Corsa. the last of the famous Westchester guides to Washington and Rocham- beau. Leave the trolley at Bronx Park Station, One Hundred and Ninety- eighth Street, and visit the 72. Botanical Museum; open 9-5, see Appendix D. 73. Horticultural Hall. 74. Hemlock Grove (Forest Congress). 75. The Indian Well (Bath or Basin). 76. Lorillard Fall. 77. Lorillard Mansion Museum; open 11 a.m. -.3 p.m. (free), under the auspices of the Bronx Society of Arts and Sciences; histori- cal relics, photographs and objects of natural History, see Appen- dix D. 201 Route 32 HISTORICAL GUIDE Bronx Park 78. Old Fashioned Flower Garden (Pierre Lorillard's famous Acre of Roses," used to impart aroma to his snuff). 79. The Lorillard Snuff Mill. 80. Zoological Gardens; open 9-5, see Appendix D. 81. The Rocking Stone, near the restaurant. Return via Subway from One Hundred and Eightieth Street Station. Bronx Park may be reached direct as follows : The Botanical Garden and Lorillard Mansion Museum via Third Avenue Elevated to 198th Street; Zoological Park via West Farms (Lenox Avenue) Subway Express to terminal ; or by Third Ave. Elevated or trolley to Fordham Road; thence by Bronx Park trolley. From upper Manhattan take trolley from 207th Street (Broadway) Subway Station. ADDENDA, 1912 ROUTE 32 *io (p. 199). From here walk west through 167th Street to Webster Avenue ; on the hill to the west is Wm. H. Morris Mansion. *ii (p. 199). The marble Heinrich Heine Lorelei Monument and Fountain stands six blocks south, at 161 st Street and Mott Avenue (entrance to the Grand Boulevard and Concourse). It was presented by the German-American Societies of New York in 1900 (62a on Plate XXXV). LORILLARD MANSION MUSEUM (See also p. 400) Among the historic relics are the following: hand-made laths shingles, nails and odd-shaped bricks from old Bronx dwellings; oh maps and rare prints; an army saddle, swords and Confederate money of Civil War dAys ; a piano in six stages of evolution ; tiles, mosaics, plates, bas-reliefs, busts and sculptures; and a Chinese puzzle of carved ivory presented to Foe while in his Fordham cottage. 202 THE BRONX ROUTE 33- SECTION V— THROGG'S NECK. (Figures refer to Plates XXXVIIl and XL). Party of 15 adults may secure pass in advance from Commandant, Ft. Schuyler, to go on Government boat Tuesdays, Thursdays or Saturdays. Take Government boat for Fort Schuyler, passing en route 82. Port Morris, where the Great Eastern anchored after her first trip to New York. Close by the 83. British Fripate-of-war Hussar sank (Nov. 23, 1780), reported laden with a mass of British gold and American prisoners. Numerous attempts have been made to recover the treasure, but in vain. Copper rivets of the American prisoners' manacles, projectiles and parts of the ship's woodwork have been found (56). 84. North and South Brothers Islands, the former containing the City Isolation Hospital. A few feet ofif this shore, on June 15, 1904, sank the ill-fated General Slocum. 58. Hunt's Point, where can be seen the old Hunt Mansion (1688). On this neck lies buried Joseph Rodman Drake (56). 85. Bronx River. During the Revolution the British fleet re- ceived orders " to proceed up the Bronx and attack the Yankees in hiding above-^ " An English officer reported^ "We have crossed the Bronx without the loss of a single man!" 86. Clason's Point, where Thos. Cornell settled in 1643. An ancient stone farmhouse, formerly standing close to the shore was shelled by Lord Howe's fleet as the ships passed enroute to Throgg's Neck, October, 1776. Some of the stones have found their w^ay into the structure of the Clason's Point Inn, part of which is the house con- structed by Cornell in 1643 and burned by the Indians the same year. 87. Screven's Point (mouth of Westchester Creek), where^ may be seen the Wilkins Farmhouse. Here the Sewanoe Indians had a fortified castle, whence the name "Castle Hill." At this point Adrian Block saw Indians and their wigwams on his voyage of discovery (1614). Within the Wilkins Farmhouse several Loyalist clergymen, including Rev. Isaac Wilkins, rector of St. Peter's, and Right Rev. Samuel Scabury, the Bishop, were hidden in a secret chamber, their food being lowered to them through a trap door. 203 Route 33 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ft. Schuyler 88. Zerega's or Ferris Point, called ''Grove Siah's " by its colonial owner, Josiah Hunt, whose father, Thomas Hunt, received a patent for it from Governor Nicolls. On this point stands the Ferris Mansion built 1687, said to be the oldest house in the Bronx. 89. Throgg's Point, styled in old records " Frog's Point," at the extremity of which stands Fort Schuyler, where the boat lands. The fort was established in 1833. Throgg is an abbrevia- tion of Throckmorton, the name of a colonist w^ho settled here in 1642, obtaining his land brief" from the Dutch. One of his companions was Roger Williams. ADDENDA, 1912 ROUTE 33 By Trolley Take Westchester Avenue and Clasons Point trolleys, passing en route on the right the colonial Ludlow Mansion on the "Black Rock" estate (so designated in the Patent of 1667 and still so called). On the right, nearer the Point, is the Clason's Point Military Academy; the square stone chateau was erected by Dominick Lynch in the early part of the nineteenth century ; here was celebrated the first Mass in Westchester County. On the right, at the end of the Pomt, is the old Monnot Mansion. Nearer the trolley is 86, Clason's Point Inn, with the inscription, 'Tn the year 1643 Thomas Cornell bought this point from the Indians. Part of this building is the original house con- structed by him." 87. Screven's Point may be reached direct by walking down Castle Hill Avenue from Westchester Avenue 88. At the end of Zerega's Point stands Island Hall, built 1823, the home of the Zerega family for five generations. Remains of the old ferry to Whitestone, L. I., are visible at the tip of the Point. 6- 204 THE BRONX ROUTE 33a. SIDE TRIP TO WESTCHESTER VILLAGE. (Figures refer to Plate XL). This involves a walk or drive of five miles unless points 92-95 arc omitted, in which case two miles may be saved by taking the trolley from the junction of Fort Schuyler Road and Eastern Boule- vard direct to 96. Follow the Throgg's Neck or Fort Schuyler Road to the Eastern Boulevard, passing On the left the extensive Havemeyer estate, where the British, un- der Howe, landed for their attack on Westchester, October 12, 1776. 90. "Hammond Castle," under the great trees near Pennyfield Road, erected in 1800 by Abijah Hammond and recently re- modeled. Beyond the fence is 91. The Robert Homestead, former home of the founder of Robert College, Constantinople. Across the lane is the Van Schaick Mansion, in the grounds of which is a cedar of Le- banon, declared to be the finest specimen of its kind in the United States. It was brought to America by Philip Livingston. To the west is the country home of the late Collis P. Huntington. Take trolley to Westchester (omitting g2-gs) or follozv the Eastern Boulcvo'-d to the Middletown Road, passing 92. Ferris Mansion, in the Westchester Country Club grounds, used as Lord Howe's headquarters after the landing at Throgg's Neck, October, 1776. Marks on the staircase are said to have been made by the hoof of one of the officer's horses. The house was saved from destruction by the British fleet through the heroism of the mis- tress who calmly walked up and down the veranda. To the west is the original 93. Ferris House, owned for a time by the early settlers of that name. Go west to Westchester Avenue, turn north a short distance and see 94. The Spy Oak, said to be the largest of its kind east of the Rockies. A British spy is supposed to have been hanged from it during the Revolution and there is much legendary lore connected with the old forest monarch. 95. The Paul House, just north, is one of the oldest land- marks of the region.. HISTORICAL GUIDE Westchester THE BRONX 33a Route Return to Pclham Road and cross the 96. Westchester Creek Causeway, where, on October 12th, 1776, was fought an important battle between the Americans under Heath and the British under Howe. The patriots ripped up the plank- ing of the. old causeway just before the enemy reached the spot, and greeted their approach with a volley, repulsing them. Two days later the English brought up their cannon and began a fortification where the Westchester Presbyterian Church now stands, but withdrew their troops and guns a few days later. Howe then sought to join with the Hessians near New Rochelle, a feat accomplished only after a desperate struggle with Glover at Pelham's Neck. (See Section VI and ''The Battle of Pelham Neck:" Abbott.) Westchester Village was called by the Dutch Oost-Dorp and the whole region was known as Vredeland , or Land of Peace. The village is the oldest in the county, having been first settled by the Puritans in 1650. The site was purchased from the Indians in 1654 by Thomas Pell, and was described as " all that tract of land called Westchester." 97. Bowne Store, west of the causeway — the old village store. 98. St. Peter's Church, on Westchester Avenue, fourth build- ing on this site, the first having been erected in 1700. The chime of bells is said to have been presented to the church in the time of Queen Anne. The churchyard contains stones dating back to 1713. Beyond the Sunday School building is the site of a Quaker Meeting House, while another stood just west. Both were destroyed by fire, it is said, on the same night. Near by flows the Indian Brook, on the banks of which the celebrated George Fox is said to have addressed the first Quaker meeting held in America (1672). To the west is 99. St. Peter's Rectory (opposite Glebe Avenue) standing on land forming part of the ''Ancient Glebe," given by the town in 1703. ' Return by trolley to the Third Avenue Elevated or Subway. N. B. If the water trip to Fort Schuyler is omitted, take West- chester Avenue trolley from One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street Sta- tion of the Third Avenue Elevated Railroad, or the Subway Station at One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street and Third Avenue, and reverse the order of points. The new Throgg's Neck trolley from J West Farms zi'ill make it possible to cover this route comfortably. .% 207 HISTORICAL GUIDE Plate XLT. Route 34. 208 THE BRONX ROUTE 34. SECTION VI— CITY ISLAND AND PELHAM BAY PARK. (Figures refer to Plate XLI). (Latter part of trip recommended as a carriage or bicycle trip, as it involves between 4 and 5 miles walking. Pelham Bay Park may be reached by new extension of Westchester Ave. trolley. At One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street station of the Third Av- enue Elevated take Harlem River Branch of the New Haven R. R. to Bartow {trains leave 15 minutes before every hour). At Bartozu take horse car for City Island, passing 100. Glover's Rock. Read the tablet — (erected by the Mt. Ver- non Chapter of the D. A. R. in 1901), describing the Battle of Pell's Point (Oct. 18, 1776), which began near this rock, when 550 men under Colonel Glover detained Howe long enough for Washington to reach White Plains in safety. Cannon-balls were found here when the railroad track w^as being constructed, and a distinctly marked Indian pot-hole was discovered near Bartow Station. 101. Site of Indian burying-ground, where Indian remains have been found. There were two Indian villages on jthis neck, one near the Eastern Boulevard and one on the very extremity of Pelham * (Rodman's) Neck. Before crossing the bridge see the 102. Marshall Mansion, or Colonial Inn. While crossing the new bridge, see just north of the present structure the approaches of the*i2 (p. 215). 103. Old City Island Bridge, originally spanning the Harlem at Harlem Village, some of the timbers having been taken from the old frigate man-of-war North Carolina." Previous to its erection here, City Island was reached by ferry. City Island, " the Pearl of the Sound," or " Gem of the Ocean," received its present name because a city was planned here to outstrip New York. It is said that the oyster culture started here. Note the rural appearance of streets and houses. From the end of the car line, walk on to the end of the island, pass- ing on the left the 104. Horton Homestead, the oldest house on the island. Most of City Island was once comprised in the Horton Farm. Close by is the Belden Mansion, with extensive grounds, at Belden's Point. To the shipyard here some of America's Cup Defenders are sent to be broken up into scrap-iron. 209 Route 34 HISTORICAL GUIDE City Island From the dock see about one mile south 105. Stepping Stones Light, so called from its location on one of the Devil's Stepping Stones," an irregular line of rocks jutting out into the Sound. According to an^old legend the Evil One made his retreat over these stones from Westchester County to Long Island to escape the vengeance of his Indian foes. Heaping up all the stones he could find in Long Island at Cold Spring, he hurled them at his enemies in Westchester, thus accounting for the number of boulders in Westchester and the freedom from them in Long Island. In a boulder southeast of Eastchester may be seen the likeness of a foot said to be the Devil's imprint. Returning go to the right at Dituiars Street to see the 106. Macedonia Hotel, on the eastern shore. Read the in- scription which states that the wing is part of an English frigate ^'Macedonia " captured by Decatur during the War of 1812. Visit the old cabin and see the mast-hole, hammock-hooks and iron ring to fasten th'nian. For preaching in it in 1707, a visiting Presbyterian minister, Rev. Jolin Hampton, was by C orn- bury's warrant arrested anci imprisoned in New ' York. In 1715 the church, again in the hands of the people, was formally reorganized as Presbyterian. In 1716 the new church was built (see 32). 301^ Route 49 HISTORICAL GUIDE Newtown Go west on Hoffman Boulevard to Maurice Avenue; follozv the latter across the L. I. R. R. track and walk across lots to the left. 31C. Farmhouse of Jonathan Hunt (?) dating perhaps from 1700. Return via Calamus Road (passing several old houses) to Broad- way and turn to the left at Hoffhian Boulevard. 31 a-b. Old Road to the Ferry or Calamus Road. x-x. Hoffman Boulevard to Rusdorp (Jamaica) laid out before the i8th Century. 3id. Upper Road to the Ferry, laid out about 1696, along which Aug. 30, 1776, Maj-Gen. Robertson's detachment entered Newtown, '* driving before them large quantities of cattle " (Riker, p. 190). Return to Hoffman Boulevard 2,2. The old Presbyterian Church and burial ground, erected 1716 (see 31). After the British entry much damage was done this church by the loyalists, because the Presbyterians as a rule favored the American cause. Part of the steeple w^as sawn off and lowered to the ground at night by a band of young '''men; the building was then used as a guard house and military prison, and afterward demolished. The present structure was built 1787-91 and is still used on special occasions. The stone churcli opposite was made possible by a special bequest in 1893. 33. Presbyterian Parsonage, built 1821 on the site of an or- chard belonging to the "Corner House" (31), where Whitefield preached in 1764 to a large congregation. 34. Large house end of i8th Century, builder unknown. 35. Horse Brook Road (see 27). 36. Site of the Bark Mill and Pond of Wm. V alienee, 1721. The house here may be of the same date, but reconstructed. The pond is now drained. Return to Hoffman Boulevard. 37. House of Samuel Renne, or the Brettoniere House (from a later owner), now completely modernized, formerly of Colonial style and pre-Revolutionary. It is the second house from the corner of Brettoniere Street. It was for a time the headquarters of Sir William Howe, Commander-in-Chief of the British forces, and from this house he sent an account of the Battle of Long Island to Lord Germain in England. 38. Site of the encampment of 23d Regiment or the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, vestiges of whose huts have been found on the hill behind 37, 38a. Site of the Baptist Church, erected about 1809, long closed. In 1857 it was removed to another site and known as ** Association Hall," now on Thompson Avenue. 302 Newtown QUEENS 49 Route 39. Site of the Quaker Meeting-Housc, erected 1722 and burned 1844. 40. Site cf the so-called House of Jacob Field, a small one-story stone building with loopholes in the garret; probably the home of an original settler; removed a few years ago. 41. Road to South .Meadows, opened 1668. 42. Modern house on the site of James Smith's house (an original settler) built about 1700, and recently torn down. Several other small cottages stood between this and 43 but were early demolished, these lands being consolidated to make up the Presbyterian parsonage farm. 43. The Parsonage Farmhouse (sold 181 1 and then called the Thompson or Odckirk House) was built about 1750 on the site of the original parsonage (purchased by the congregation in 1695 with - 12 additional acres). The Town had previously (1678) set apart 50 acres here for the minister's use. N. (On Plate LI\'), is said to have been an artificial lake formed by beavers and covering the low grounds between Middelburg and modern Wintield. It was drained and divided among the inhabitants in 1678, at which time and long after it was known as Smith's Meadows. V HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 51 SECTION VIL— FLUSHING. (Figures refer to Plate LX ; letters to LIV). Lo)ig Island or North Side Railrcad to Flushing. Settlement begun, spring of 1645, by a small band of English colonists, given permission by the authorities at New Amsterdam. Although later a few Dutch arrived, the English always predominated. These settlers came to possess com- paratively large tracts of land, but settled together upon their " home lots " in the small village of Flushing. Unfortunately, the Town Records were destroyed by fire in 1789, together with the house of the Town Clerk, Jeremiah Vander- bilt, through the act of a negress slave, who was hanged therefor in the following year. The nearest village in early days in this part of Long Island being Hempstead, 15 miles distant through the forests, the only access of the settlers to the outside world (chiefly, of course, to New Amsterdam) for a few years was by water through the East River and Flushing Creek. OLD ROADS AND FAMOUS SITES IN FLUSHING VILLAGE a-a. Early Road, probably before 1650 (Main Street extended south), to in- tersect the road (once an Indian path from the Great Plains to the East River) made by Hempstead settlers to New Amsterdam. Part of it may have run much to the west of the present road. b-b. The Rocky Hill Road (following portions of Sanford, Parsons and Queens Avenues), leading to the southeast part of Flushing patent, intersecting the path to Hempstead and shortening the distance thereto. c-c. Fresh Meadow Road, branching south from bb, both being shown on the Hubbard Map of 1666, d-d. Road to Whitestone (now Whitestone Avenue), one branch continuing east to several farms along shore at "The ^ybite Stone;" the other branch is the e.-e. Road to Lawrence Neck, now College Point. 1. First Landing Place, later site of the Town Dock. A crooked lane (now Old Lawrence Street) led to the same and to 2. Lawrence Homestead, supposed to have been on or near the site of the present Lawrence residence west of (New) Lawrence Street. 3. The first dwellings, south side Bridge Street (originally the upper part of Lane to the Town Dock) and on both sides of Main Street near its head. 4. The Town Pond originally on the site of the Public Square and vicinity; used for watering the cattle, etc. It received several springs east of Main Street, and r-.n off through swampy woodland to the north. It was filled up about 1843. 5. The Block House (in 1704 called the Guard House) about on the present site of the New Armory, built for defense against the Indians in 1645. It was employed for town meetings and here, in 1646, the Rev. Fraacis Doughty preached until 1648, when, for derogatory remarks against the Dutch authorities at New Amsterdam, it was closed against him by the Schout. Here m 1704 the Rev. \Vm. Urquhart held the first Episcopal services in the town. In 1776 the British pulled it down for firewood. On its site in 1827, the Orthodox Quakers (as opposed to the Hicksites, whose meeting-house stands still a little to the west) built their first place of worship. 6. Site of Prince's Nurserv (1737, see Waller's History of Flushingll, in 1750 famous and kno- n as the Linnaean Botanic Garden (consisting of eight acres) forming part of Farrington's Neck on which (site unknown) stood the earliest tide mill of the town. • , /r r During the Revolution the Garden was preserved by special efforts ot the British officers. It was visited by Washington in the fall of 1789. In 1841 Linnaeus (now Prince Street) was opened and the land given up to building. 7. Site of the British Beacon or signal pole, line of Washington Street, west of Bowne Avenue. It was in line with one ten miles east on Sutton s Hill, Cow Neck (Manhasset) and another on Norwich Hill, south of Oyster Bay, eighteen miles distant. , . , , ..^ 8. Site of British Battery, commanding the village on high ground opposite Bowne Avenue. 304 Flushing QUEENS 51 Route A. FLUSHING VILLAGE. Itinerary begins at bridge of the Whitestone Branch of the L. I. R. R. 9. Prince Mansion (later i8th Century), well preserved, cor- ner Bridge Street and Lawrence Avenue. 10. Hamilton Hall, southwest corner Washington and Garden Streets, built originally at Main and Locust Streets, in 1803, as a parish academy by St. George's Episcopal parish, but, not meet- ing success, it was removed in 1810 to its present site. Go East on Broadway. *io 11. Old Quaker Meeting-House, Broadway above Main Street, built 1694-5, on 3 acres bought 1692 by the Quakers for this pur- pose and a burial ground. In 1696 they held their Yearly Meet- ing here for the first time, and in 1702 the Rev. George Keith of the Church of England attempted to preach here, but was pre- vented. The building was shingled, plastered and repaired in 1704, and the Quaker records say a new building was erected in 1719, — meaning probably some addition. The British army used it as Route 51 HISTORICAL GUIDE Flushing a barracks, hospital and store-house, but in 1783 it was repaired and restored to its original use (Onderdonck " Friends in New York and Long Island," pp. 94-95). Go West on Whitestone Avenue. 12. Mitchell House, pre-Revolutionary, headquarters of Col. Hamilton of the British army, at the southeast corner Whitestone and Bayside Avenues. Return to Broadzvay. 13. Aspinwall House, south side of Broadway, east of Union Street, probably built by John Aspinwall (about 1760), a New York merchant, and a British headquarters in the Revolution. Go east on Bowne Avenue (formerly Bowne's Lane) 14. Bowne Homestead, on an old lane now widened and called Bowne Avenue, corner Washington Street, one of the oldest, if not the oldest, of buildings extant in the vicinity of New^ York. It was built by John Bowne, an English Quaker, who settled here about 1655. For opening it for the Quaker conventicles he was arrested by the Dutch authorities in 1662 and sent, ii: 1663, for trial to Holland. But he was soon released, and he returned in 1665 (after the surrender to the English), and his house continued to be used for Quaker meetings, the celebrated George Fox being entertained here in 1672 on his visit from Eng- land (see 15, Sect. VIII). It is now a historical museum under the care of Miss Parsons,* and contains much colonial furniture, copper, silver and brassware, wearing apparel, etc. The sides of the house are covered with hand-made shingles. *ii 15. Fox Oaks, once nearly opposite the Bowne House, now marked by a tablet on a boulder at the edge of the street (erected by the Flushing Historical Society, October 12, 1907), stating the fact that George Fox (founder of the Society of Friends) preached here in 1672. (Fox Journal, 8th ed.. Vol. II, pp. 167-174.) Go down Washington to Main Street and ivalk south. 16. Old house (end of i8th century), 27 Main Street, raised and a modern story placed beneath it. Other old houses similarly disguised may exist in the neighborhood. * Fee for admission 25 cents; address for information Miss Parsons, 371 Broadway, Flushing. 306 Flushing QUEENS 51 Route 17. St. George's Episcopal Church (about 1850), and in front of the church built in 1812, still used for church purposes. The first Episcopal services were held in the Block House (see 5), then a church was built here in 1746, the land being given in 1749 by Captain Hugh Wentworth, and the original building completed in 1761 through the liberality of John Aspinwall (13). Tablet (erected in 1803) withni the church, in memory of Francis Lewis, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, who was church warden here in 1765-90. 18. Garretson House, east side, between Lincoln and Locust Streets (latter 17th Century), a well-preserved farm house. * 12 19. Flushing Institute (Amity Street), built in 1827, later known as St. Ann's Hall, and in 1845 turned by Ezra Fairchild into a famous boarding school for boys. 20. St. Thomas Hall built 1838-9; became known later as St. Joseph's Academy for young ladies. 21. Sanford Hall (Jamaica Avenue south of Franklin Place), originally the stately mansion of Nathan Sanford, Chancellor of the State of New York, who in 1822 bought up several farms fronting on the present Jamaica Avenue and built this house in 1836. Dying soon after, the house, with its park-like grounds, running back to Parsons Avenue, came into the possession of Dr. John Macdonald, .who here established a celebrated private in- sane asylum. 307 Route 51 HISTORICAL GUIDE Outlying Points OUTLYING POINTS. B. SOUTH OF FLUSHING VILLAGE. 22. Tract of the Willett family (southwest of the village and extending to the Jamaica line), separated from its outlying farms by Kissena Brook. The site of the homestead is not known, but Thos. Willett, an English soldier in the Dutch service at New Amsterdam, left two children, William and Thomas, by his wife Sarah, who later married Charles Bridges, an English officer under the Dutch, and called by them Carel van Brugge (New Amsterdam, p. 192 et seq.). Bridges and his family became early residents of Flushing and he was one of the patentees named in the Flushing town patent in 1664. He claimed some interest in the above tract of land whether in his own right or that of his wife. After his death in 1682, a patent was issued to his brother Thomas and to Thos. Willett, stepson of Charles Bridges. 23. Willett Burial Ground is at north end of Cedar Grove Cemetery (reached by B. R T. trolley to entrance of Cemetery). 24. Spring Hill Estate (Remsen Avenue and Mill Road), of Lieutenant-Gov- ernor Cadwallader Colden, part of the Willett property bought by Colden in 1762. He held the office of acting Governor of New York more than six years, between 1760- 1775, and spent his last days here. His son David aiding the British, the farm was sold under forfeiture after the war and has passed through several hands, not being well kept up of late years. Fresh Meadow Tract (south of Flushing Cemetery), was settled in early days and many British troops were quartered here in the Revolution. 24. Site of Duryea Farm House, near the south end of Flushing Cemetery, serving as British headquarters. From (21) above go south to Forest Avenue, go three blocks to left and take Tamaica trolley to Fresh Meadow Road. 25. Lawrence House (Lawrence Road, east of Fresh Meadow Road). 26. West House (west of Fresh Meadow Road, south of North Hempstead Road). 27. Old house (corner Black Stump Road and Fresh Meadow Road). 28. Wright Homestead (?), half a mile west on the Jamaica Road (south of North Hempstead Road), small, and perhaps dat- ing back to the early i8th Century. C. SOUTHEAST CORNER OF FLUSHING TOWNSHIP. Best reached from Floral Park Station, L. 1. R. R. 29. Dongan or Earl of Limerick's Plantation, granted to Gov. Dongan in 1683 and including 400 acres of woodland, Hempstead adding 400 acres of wood- land and prairie north of Floral Park and Hyde Park. He spent some time here and planned to entail it to his nephews, but it was sold after his death to pay his debts. Peter Smith, in 1720, bought the part containing the house, which lay on the east side of the road leading from Floral Park. 30. Farm house of about 1750, well preserved, half a mile north of Jericho Turnpike, the only ancient house site on Don- gan tract. Probably Dongan's house was of a similar type, stories of his living in state in his " Manor of Queens Village to the contrary notwithstanding. 31. Strickland's Tavern; site (Jericho Turnpike and Rocky Hill Ro^d) ante- dating the Revolution and plainly depicted on Stewart's Map of 1797, even the wagon sheds and sign boards being shown. 308 Murray Hill QUEENS 51 Route D. MURRAY HILL. Reached from Murray Hill Station, L. I. R. R. 32. The W. Bowne residence (Mitchell Avenue and Fourth Street), formerly a stately mansion in a large grove, approached from Broadway by a wide drive shaded with tall elms. But streets have been cut through and small houses erected near by, destroying the original picturesqueness. 33. Murray Homestead, of Dutch Colonial style, built about I775> south side of Broadway, east of Murray Lane, Murray Hill, and the home of the family connected with the Murrays of Mur- ray Hill, Manhattan (Exc. V, Section IV); the present Mr. William K. Murray is a great-grandson of the famous Mrs. Murray, who aided in the saving of Washington. E. COLLEGE POINT AND WHITESTONE. (Reached from College Point Station, L. I. R. R., or College Point trolley, from Thirty-fourth Street Ferry to Thirteenth Street and Third Avenue, College Point; turn to. the right up Third Avenue.) 34. Lawrence Farmhouse, on the Lawrence Neck Road, now Third Avenue and Twenty-first Street, College Point, east of the railroad crossing. It is of the Eighteenth Century; in fairly good condition. 35. Wolf Pit Hill Farm, of the Powell family, in Whitestone, on the same road, east of Whitestone Road (probably about 1750). 36. Old Landing and Ferry to Westchester, reached by a lane, traces of which remain west of the railroad, called Ferry Road. Here, December 15, 1708, Governor Lovelace landed on his arrival after a rough passage from England. He reached New York by land two or three days later, June 17, 1726, Francis Doughty and others received a patent for the exclusive right of maintaining a ferry from here to the mainland, although it had probably been a crossing-place for some time. 37. Fort Hamilton, shown roughly on the Stewart Map as on the low bluff just east of the L. L R. R. sheds. It was built by the British during their occupation of Long Island and named for Colonel Archibald Hamilton, of Flushing, a prominent British commander. Remains consisting of brick, masonry, etc., were unearthed here in December, 1907. 309 HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 52. SECTION VIIL— JAMAICA. (See Plates LXI and LXII). As no complete history of this town has been written, the chief facts must be gleaned from memorials of the several churches, scattered records and old maps. The first settlers, all English, purchased the land from the Yemacah Indians (hence the name) and made the first settlement at the intersection of the Hempstead Road (to New Amsterdam ferry) with the Flushing Road. The Dutch authorities called the settlement Rustdorp (frequently spelled Rus- dorp "), but this name was soon abandoned. The Yemacahs probably were lo- cated along the banks of the stream connecting Beaver Pond with Jamaica Bay. (For other historical notes see Historical Sketch.) Plate LXI. Route 52. 1. Site of Rsaver Pond (now filled), once occupying the space between Beaver, South knd Church Streets and Rockaway Road. 2. The Parsonage Lot (east angle Fulton and Beaver Streets, extending to- ward i), reserved from the beginning, and on which was erected a parsonage in or about 1662. It was used for other town purposes, including the 3. Town Burial Ground, occasioning a long contention between the Presbyterians and the less numerous Episcopalians, Lord Cornbury confiscating it for the use of the latter. The ,Rev. Mr. Hubbard was accordingly ejected July 4, 1704, and the Rev. Wm. 310 Jamaica QUEENS 52 Route Urquhart, the newly-appointed Episcopalian incumbent, although violently opposed by the townspeople, held it until 1710. Then, through the marriage of a Presbyterian theological student to the daughter of Urquhart's widow, it came back to the Presby- terians and was held by them until 1813, when sold. See the Memorial Chapel of the Laidlow family in the east end of the yard. ..... II II \\ ILII 1 V5 / 1 11 ]□□□□ 1 5.D£ r> mg □ r OL -sum V ■ ^ T«o^^^^ ^ 'CD 1 ^ u UDl ^DDDDDI \ m j^^QDODTAWAlCA. r, . I R,N«M»NOit W H Dutch Re^ormeoChowi -1 11— in a EP.icoPAL Church {H 1 1 1 IIC0UR.T Houae L( 1 I Colonial Hall || sn NORMAL SCKOOL. Plate LXII. Modern Jamaica. C. K. Walk north to Fulton Avenue. 4. Site of the first Meeting and Sessions House, on what seems to have been originally part of the Parsonage Lot (west corner Fulton and Beaver Streets), built about 1663, and used for religious as well as town meetings (X. Y. Ecclesiastical Records, p. 1892); it was only 26 feet square. Governor Nicoll having determined to organize Jamaica with adjoining territory for judicial and legislative purposes into " the West Riding of Yorkshire," proposed that the Long Island towns lay special taxes to erect a larger building at Jamaica as a Sessions and Meeting House. This was done in 1667, the new Sessions House and prison standin^^ next to the old town house, which later was made at> annex to the prison. Still later, the Jamaica Hotel occupied this spot for many years. Walk zi'est on Fulton Street. 5. The Dutch Church (corner Church Street), on the site of the first church (built 1716), an octagonal structure, and of the second (1832), burned in 1857. Previous to 1716 the congrega- tion worshipped with the Presbyterians in their temporary meet- ing house (see 12). See notice in front of the church with coat of arms and date of organization, 1702. Route 52 HISTORICAL GUIDE Jamaica 6. The King Mansion (incorrectly called " Manor/' as there never was a * manor " in Queens County — it being inconsistent with the township system, under which this part was settled), erected about 1750, and in 1805 becoming the country seat of Ru- fus King, one of the first two New York senators; also of John A. King (son of Rufus), governor from 1856 to 1858. Though severely simple, this house formerly presented a very imposing appearance, owing to its extensive grounds, surrounded by a thick hedge of large forest trees. The grounds are now public property, known as King Park, and the mansion (bought by the town in 1896) is fitted up in part as a colonial museum under the care of the " King Manor Asso- ciation." It is free and open to the public on Mondays (for in- formation address Mrs. E. C. Chickering, Sec. King Manor As- sociation, Jamaica, N. Y.). Walk east on Fulton Street. 7. Grace Episcopal Church (east of Church Street), on the site of the first church of 1734 and the second (1822), burned in 1861. 8. Original site of Union Hall Academy (southwest corner Fulton and Wash- ington Streets), a famous educational institution (the third academic building on Long Island, after East Hampton and Flatbush), erected by voluntary con- tributions about 1792, and succeeded in 1820 by a larger edifice, the later 9. Union Hall Academy (west side Union Hall Street, near L. I. R. R.), still standing and now used for dwellings. The old hall continued in use for some time as a female seminary, but was burned in 1841. The principal was Miss Eliza McHanna, a native of Ireland, who, in 1832, married the Rev. Wm. Thompson, an American missionary, whom she accompanied to the Holy Land, dying soon after in Jerusalem. 10. Site of the Court House of 1709 (apparently occiipying part of the site of the present County Clerk's Office), where in 17 10 the Episcopalians held serv- ices until 1734. A new Court House was built in 1786 near Mineola. 11. Van Wyck House, southwest corner New York Avenue. 12. Site of the first Presbyterian Church building (middle of Fulton Street, southwest of the present structure), ** a stone church with a high spire and a bell," erected in 1699, but seized (July, 1703) by the Episcopal rector, the Rev. Mr. Bartow, who was backed by Lord Cornbury. The latter forbade the Presbyterians to use it, but in 1708, after Gov, Lovelace's appointment, the two sects used it alte'^nately, bv advice of the colonial authorities. In 1710 the Episcopalians were excluded, and in 1727 the Presbyterian claims were con- firmed by the Court, and they used this building until the present church was built. 13. The Presbyterian Church, erected 1814 (see 12). See tab- lets within containing names of former pastors. 14. Colonial Hall (opposite 13) opened in 1843 as a female seminary, under Miss Mary Adrain, remodeled about 1897 by Ex-Sheriff Wm. C. Baker, to be used as a public hall and for club rooms, and now used as a boarding house. 312 Jamaica QUEENS 52 Route 15. Site of Henry Townsend's House (northwest corner Clinton Avenue, where in 1657 he sheltered some Quakers who had come to New Amsterdam, presumably bound for Rhode Island. They had landed at Flushing, which they were compelled to leave, Wm, Hallett's banishment for harboring Baptists having proved the hostile attitude of the authorities. Finally John Bowne placed his house at their disposal. 16. Site of the old windmill (see early plan of Jamaica) south of Fulton and east of Canal Street, a venerable round building, in later years used as a carpenter shop. Its wooden "wings" were blown down in 1841. *i3 OUTLYING POINTS NORTH OF FULTON STREET. 17. Old House (i8th Century) southwest corner Flushing Av- enue and Willett Street. 18. Site of Duke's Woods on the hill portion of the King Farm, where could once be seen the grave of ** Duke," a negro slave, the inscribed headstone bat- tered with the bullets of thoughtless sportsmen. POINTS SOUTH OF FULTON STREET. 19. Baisley*s Mill Pond, near Locust Manor, where the bones of a mastodon brought here in the glacial drift were discovered in 1858. 20. Duryea's Mill site, Three Mile Mill " southwest of 19 near its outlet, famous in early days. 21. Seat of Citizen Genet, on the Rockaway Road, south of 19 (as shown on the Stewart Map of 1797) on a farm of 370 acres conveyed to him by his father-in-law, DeWitt Clinton. October 17, 1795. Although recalled by the French government at Washington's request, because of his insolence and arrogance, and insults to the administration, he continued to live here, as a private citizen for several years, ending his days in the northern part of the State. 22. Ditmars Farm House, corner Rockaway Road and Lincoln Avenue, claimed to be about 180 years old. ' 23. Greenwood House, Lincoln Avenue near Hawtree Creek Road. Turn down Hawtree Creek Road. 24. Old House on Hawtree Creek Road about half a mile be- low 23. See on left across Lincoln Avenue 25. Van Sicklen House and ancient barns, on Road to Bergen's Landing, just southwest of 23. Continue across Rockazuay Road passing stud farm of John C. ' Stevens, owner of the yacht " America." 26. Thomas Bergen House (built 1805) with large gambrel window. Turn to left on Old South Road. 27. Site of Bergen Homestead of 1700 (near first house on left). 28. Jacob Bergen House one-third of a mile further. ^14 Return via Lincoln Avenue to trolley for IVoodhaven, HISTORICAL GUIDE ADDENDA, 1912 EXCURSION NO. XL— QUEENS. *i (p. 277). A millstone from this or another old mill may be seen imbedded in the concrete sidewalk at 437 Jackson Avenue, said to have been imported from Holland by the Brouchard family, which settled here in 1657. It was placed here by ]Mr. W. Elmer Payr.ter, whose grandfather bought the mill property. ^Ir. Paynter had a collection of Revolutionary relics and a picture of the old Van Alst house (see i) in his real estate office at 171 Hunter Avenue. Barn Street (now nameless), on which was the Van Alst house and burial ground, runs off at 374 Jackson Avenue. The body of Richard Hunter still lies here unmarked. The Paynter House (No. 2) is nearly opposite 449 Jackson Avenue. It is said to have been built about 1720, and will probably soon disappear. *2 (p. 278). This house has disappeared. The Brielle homestead, about one hundred years old, remains at 325 Grand Avenue, near Brielle (now 15th) Avenue, and is occupied by descendants of the original owners, who bought the land from the Lawrences. *3 (p- -79)- The hotel, known as ''German Castle,'' stands some distance up on the hill. The Bowery Bay Cemetery lies near the western end of the Beach. It contains stones of the eighteenth century for members of the Rapelye, Cornell, Luyster, and other families of the neighborhood. *4 (p. 287). During the Revolution the house was occupied by Gen. Warren of the British army, and from the Town Dock near by he superintended the embarkation of his army from Newtown Creek to Kip's Bay, when New York was taken, September 15, 1776. *4 (p. 287). ^M^ile residing here. De Witt Clinton developed his plans for the iiv\Q Canal, and here he received the news of his unsuc- cessful candidacy for the Presidency. From this home he went to Albany to act as Governor of the State. Later this house was occupied by Judge David S. Jones, whose father I has been called "the father of the New York Bar." j The homestead was converted into a place of amusement known as | "Clinton Park," and became a favorite Sunday dance hall : later it QUEENS became a tenement, which it continues to be, although it has been proposed to preserve it as an historical museum. Within may be seen the original Dutch doors, wide hall, winding stairs and some of the great fireplaces. The old buttonwood tree, i8 feet in diameter, under which Clinton is said to have frequently sat, remains in the grounds. (See "Historic Long Island Homes.") *5 (p. 289). The Cochran House stands midway between Metro- politan and Woodward Avenues: the Mott House between this and the Woodward House; the Schoonmaker House, with gambrel win- dows, stands opposite the Woodward House. The Wyckoff House, at 1375 Flushing Avenue, was the last home of Peter Wyckoff, of the fourth generation living here. He died here in the early part of 1910 at the advanced age of 82 years. He was inter- ested in banks and railroads and was President of the Grand Street and Newtown car line. *6 (p. 291). Recently removed to Seabright, N. J., at the request of the late owner, Mrs. John L. Riker, one of the Jackson family. *7 (p. 292). A better route for this portion of the Excursion is as follows : Continue on Jackson car to Flushing Avenue, where see 56 and 57. On the left in passing may be seen 51 and 52. Return by the same trolley to Junction Avenue. 51 and 52 may be visited by following Junction Avenue and Old Bowery Road; then return to Junction Avenue and take trolley soutja, passing 53, 54, 55 to Main Street. Walk east to Sycamore Street and north to Linden Park. Here is a shell from the Maine, mounted in 1912 on a granite base by the Hugo Kruse Camp, Spanish War Veterans, in memory of Hugo E. Kruse, who lost his life when the Maiuc was destroyed. Return via L. L R. R. from Corona Station. *8 (p. 299). Within the church see tablet erected by the Rev. Edward M. McGuffey, the present rector, in 1900, in memory of the Rev. William Urquhart, the first rector, who organized this church in 1704. The rector has the custody of a valuable collection of documents and relics associated with the history of the church and of Newtown, listed and described in his "Souvenir Book of Saint James' Church,*' which also contains some interesting illustrations and a chronology of the town and the church. *9 (p. 300). The original wainscot and gallery have been preserved. • Prince William (later William IV of England) worshiped here occasionally. *io (p. 305). Soldiers* Monument. A committee, called The Fourth of July Committee, and headed bv Hon. L. Bradford Prince, erected the 315 ^ HISTORICAL GUIDE Liberty Pole at the western end of Flushing Park, intersection of Broadway (Jackson Avenue) and Main Street. In 1865 a movement was inaugurated for the building of a Soldiers' Monument by popular subscription. The monument was designed by Orange Judd of Flushing and erected at the apex of Flushing Park under the auspices of the George Huntsman Post, G. A. R. *ii (p. 306). The house was erected in 1661. During the Revolution officers of dragoons were quartered here. *i2 (p. 307). This is really the "Bloodgood Homestead," built in 1642 (?) by Daniel Bloodgood, who died here in 1897, leaving it to his sister, Eliza Ann (Bloodgood) Garretson, who willed it to her heirs. It has recently been demolished. *I3 (p. 313). The Goffe House is an old house situated on Grand Street. It was known as the Wessel Smith residence many years ago. John O'Donnell, an old resident of Jamaica, reports that when he came to town in 1844 the house was then standing. Pettifs Hotel, Grand Street, near Flushing Avenue, was burned to the ground about six years ago. The Soldiers* and Sailors' Monument, on Hillside Avenue, at the intersection of Bergen Avenue, was erected by voluntary subscription collected under the auspices of the Alfred M. Wood Post, No. 368, Dept. N. Y., G. A. R. F. W. Buckstuhl was the sculptor. It was unveiled on Memorial Day, 1896. HOLLIS HEIGHTS *I4 (p. 313). In P. S. 35, Palatina Avenue, is a tablet, erected 1912 by the Sons of the Revolution, N. Y. State Society, in memory of Gen. Nathaniel Woodhull, an officer of the Continental Army, who was wounded, captured and kept prisoner near this spot by the British during the Battle of Long Island. He is represented standing by his horse, sword in hand. 316 NOTES NOTES 318 PART FIVE BOROUGH OF RICHMOND . EXCURSION X.— ROUTES 53-6oa. EXCURSION NO. X.— HISTORIC RICHMOND. By George W. Nash, M. D. Compiled from the " Memorial History of Staten Island," by K. Morris, and from information given by many friends on the Island. Thanks are due to William T. Davis, J. H. Innes and Edward Hagaman Hall for valuable suggestions and criticisms. Copyright, 1908, by the City History Club of New York. Revised 1909 and 1912 Additions, 1912, by C. G. Hine HISTORICAL GUIDE LOWER NEW YORK BAY. R ARITAN BAY. MAP OF STATEN ISLAND BOROUGH OF RICHMOND. Number* indicate Hoote*. Rait Roods. R.o^di. Plate LXIII. 322 HISTORIC RICHMOND. Bibliography, "Annals of Staten Island," by J. J. Cliite (1877). " History of Richmond County, New York," edited by R. M. Bayles (1887). " Historical Sketches of Staten Island," by Ramond Tysen. " History of Staten Island," by 1. P. Van Pelt. " Staten Island Magazine," Vol. I, Nos. 2 and 3, August and Octo- ber, 1888. Proceedings of the Natural Science Association of Staten Island," Vols. I-IX, 1883-1903 and (under the Society's new name), Pro- ceedings of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences," Vol. I, 1906- 1907. " Staten Island Names," by William T. Davis, containing a valu- able map by Charles W. Leng and " Supplement to Staten Island Names," by William T. Davis, both published by the Natural Science Association, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. " Memorial History of Staten Island," by Ira K. Morris, 2 Vols. 1898 and 1900. The History and Legends of Howard Avenue and the Serpentine Road, Grymes Hill;' Staten Island," by C. G. Hine. The * refers to Addenda, 1912, pp. 351-352. 323 HISTORICAL GUIDE HISTORICAL SKETCH OF STATEN ISLAND. The island contains about 49,280 acres; the greatest length is a little over 13^ miles and the greatest breadth is 200 feet over 7! miles. The Indian name was " Aquehonga Man-ack-nong," meaning the place of the high, sandy banks; in some old documents it is called '* Eghqua-hons," which has the same meaning. Morris quotes Schoolcraft as giving the meaning " the place of the bad woods." Previous to the coming of the white man, the island was occupied by the Raritans, a branch of the Delawares, under tribute to the Mohawks. Traces of the shell heaps made by the Indians are found in various parts of the Island. With the coming of the European, the history of Staten Island is wrapped up with that of the neighboring territory. Verrazano discovered the island in 1524. On September 2, 1609, Henry Hudson anchored in the Lower Bay and first saw the island, which was named "Staaten Eylandt " as a memorial to the States General of the Nether- lands under whose direction he was sailing. The first settlement was at ** Oude Dorp " (old town) early in the period of the Dutch colonization. Among the first ^ settlers were the Rapaelje family, who were connected with the first white inhabitants of Long Island. The Indians sold the island repeatedly; first to Michael Pauw in 1630, the first patroon, who called his grant *' Pavonia." The Indian claim was finally extinguished in 1670 by Gov. Lovelace. In 1639, David Peterson de Vries, having obtained a grant from Governor Van Twiller in 1636, introduced some settlers. In 1641, Cornelis Melyn was made a patroon and the third attempt to settle the island was made at Oude Dorp. The Indians destroyed this village in 1641 and again in 1655, after which it was never rebuilt. (But see Note). In i6c2 the Waldenses founded a village at Stony Brook which lasted until the middle of the eighteenth century, when it crumbled away. The latter part of the seventeenth century saw the Huguenots settling at Marshland, now Greenridge. During Kieft's misrule, the island suffered with the adjoining territory the ravages of the Indians. The English settled on the island in Stuyvesant's time and finally, in 1664, it came with other Dutch possessions under the British rule of Governor Nicolls, his first act being the capture of a block house on Staten Island. The setting off of the island from New Jersey was due partly to the difficulty of collecting the taxes; the Duke of York, to whom his brother, the King, had previously given New York, on this account decided in 1668 that all islands in the harbor that could be circumnavigated in twenty-four hours should belong to New York, otherwise .0 New Jersev. Captain Billopp successfully accomplished the feat in the prescribed time and the island was adjudged to New York. A tract of land was awarded to him and he established the Manor of Bentley, at what is now Tottenville. New Jersey disputed this decision and the question was satisfactorily settled only in 1833. In 1673 the island was retaken by the Dutch, but was finally restored to the English on Februarv 9, 1674. In 1679, the Labadists visited the island, and it is from them that so much of the everyday life of the colonists is known. The island was made into Richmond County in 1683; in 1688 it was divided into the towns of Northfield, Soulhfield, Westfield and Castlelon; Middletown was established in i860. Cucklestowne, cow Richmond, was made the county seat in 1729. 334 Historical RICHMOND Sketch As headquarters of the British during the Revolution, the island was under martial law; many of the inhabitants were lukewarm to the patriot cause. General Sir William Howe brought his forces here July 3, 1776; makine his headquarters at New Dorp. His brother, Admiral Lord Howe, commanded the fleet here. The British erected forts at various places: at times the Americans attempted to oust the British, and on their part the British made excursions from the island to the neighboring country. The British troops vacated the island on November 25, 1783, when many of the American Loyalists moved to various parts of the British Empire. By act of Legislature, slavery was abolished on Tuly 4, 1825, when the fact was much celebrated. (See No. 12.) The island was governed by about seventy different boards until 1898, when it became the Borough of .Rich- mond of Greater New York. It now feels the same impulses that exist in the other boroughs. Note: Mr. John H. Innes thinks that Oude Dorp was not built until 1662-63 by Stuyvesant, on the order of the West India Company to fortify points on either side of the Narrows. In 1661 he informea the Company that all the houses in Staten Island had been destroyed during the Indian wars. Later he wrote that the village had been built about one-half hour's walk from the Narrows, there being no convenient place nearer the water. It was visited by the Labadists in 1679 (see their Journal in the L. I. Soc. Memoirs), when there were seven houses, three only inhabited, the people having removed on account of the poor soil to " Niew'e Dorp." He doubts that the Rapaelje family ever settled in Staten Island, or that Waldenses founded Stony Brook, there being no documentary proof of these statements extant (see Nos. 62, 66, 77). HISTORICAL GUIDE RICHMOND ROUTE 53. From Manhattan take the Staten Island Municipal Ferry, at South Ferry, to St. George. (Figures refer to Plate LXIV). SECTION I.— ST. GEORGE TO HOLLAND'S HOOK. Walk up Jay Street to South, then up to 1. Public Museum (154 Stnyvesant Place; see p. 402) of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, containing, among other relics, the last milestone known to exist on the island; it stood at the corner of Signs Road and Richmond Turnpike on the post route between New York and Philadelphia; all that is now to be made out is Miles to N. YorkE. 2. Fort Hill, at the head of Fort Place, just above Sherman Avenue; here can be seen a masonry cavern used formerly as a reservoir, and also the outlines of a British fort. IValk back to Tompkins Avenue; go north. 3. Castleton Hotel; burned November, 1907, occupying the site of the old St. jMarks Hotel, at the corner of Nicholas Street and St. ^larks Place ; St. Marks Hotel was constructed out of the old Marble House," built by Gilbert Thompson as a private house and at one time occupied by August Belmont ; the large building opposite is the Curtis High School. Walk down Nicholas Avenue to and along the Terrace. 4. Pavilion Hotel; between Church Street and Westervelt Avenue, now a tenement house; it was built in 1828, as a resi- dence for Thomas E. Davis, and later became a hotel for wealthy Southerners. 5. Hessians Springs; north on Jersey Street and parallel to it, off the Terrace; now utilized by the Hessian Springs Ice Company. It was once the most noted resort near New York, and was so called from the Hessian camp located here during the Revolution; there were two redoubts here Qn thq heights at the entrance to the Kills. 327 ^ Route 53. Sailors* HISTORICAL GUIDE Snug Harbor Nearby, on the shore, Gilbert Thompson, son-in-law of Governor Tompkins, built a schooner, in which he conveyed his family to Mexico; later it was used to bring Santa Anna, after the Mexican War, to Staten Island, where he lived in the DuBois House; see 19. Not far away was the site of Belmont Hall, where Isaacs' department store now is, between Westervelt Avenue and Jersey Street. It was built in 1832 as a private residence and was used for many years by Major Duff, a West Pointer, as a military academy. The major became colonel of a New York regiment in the Mexican War and died in Mexico. 6. John Drake Sloat lived where the Muralo office now stands, between York and Franklin Avenues: the house was destroyed by fire and was one of the oldest residences in New Brighton. 7. The Cement House or Ward House, at the corner of Franklin Avenue, is nearly a century old; it is so called from being the first house built of cement blocks. It was the prop- erty of George A. Ward, who is said to have closely resembled George Washington. Continue on the Terrace, 8. The Neville House or Stone Jug, at the corner of Tysen Street, now a hotel. It was built about 1770 and later became the residence of Captain John Neville, U. S. N. 9. Sailors' Snug Harbor, an institution for old and disabled seamen. It was planned by Captain Thos. Randall and founded by his son, Robert Richard Randall, who bequeathed his prop- erty, the Minto farm, just south of Union Square, Manhattan, for this purpose. Alexander Hamilton and Daniel D. Tompkins prepared the will, and Gov. DeWitt Clinton aided in securing the charter. Though founded in 1801, on account of litigation, the corner-stone of the institution was not laid until 1831 and the first buildings were opened in 1833. The annual income from the rents of the Manhattan property yields about $400,000. There are accommodations for about 1200 inmates, all of whom must have served five years under the American flag.*i Continue on the Terrace to Davis Avenue. 10. The Kreuzer-Pelton House at the Cove. It was built by Rolph in 1722 and later came into the hands of the Kreuzers. It was the headquarters during the Revolution of Gen. Cort- land Skinner, commandant of Skinner's American Loyalists,*' and, for a time, Prince William, who later became King Wil- liam IV, was entertained here by General Skinner. Here Cruzer, Barnum's lightning calculator, was born. It was bought by Daniel Pelton in 1839, and his daughter, Mrs. Gen. Duffie, still lives here.*2 328 Richmond Terrace RICHMOND 53 Route On September 9, 1609, Henry Hudson sent out a small boat from his shif), the Half Moon, then in the Narrows, to explore the Kills; when opposite the Cove, at West New Brighton, they were attacked by the Indians from the shore, and an English sailor named Coleman, who was in command of the boat, was killed by an arrow; his remains were taken to Sandy Hook (some say Coney Island) and buried, the place being still called ** Coleman's Point." Go up Bard Avenue to Henderson Avenue, at the northwest corner of which see 11. The house where George William Curtis lived. Return to Richmond Terrace. 12. Swan Hotel, a shingle-sided building opposite the Post Office. It stood originally on the adjoining ground and was the political center of Staten Island; here, in 1825, the recently freed slaves of New Jersey, Staten Island and Long Island celebrated their emancipation. 13. Fountain House site, between Van and Water Streets, now occupied by a store near the Church of the Ascension. The house, built in 1750, was the headquarters of the British officers attached to the fort, which stood where the church is located; it was burned, as a war measure, by order of General Sullivan. It was the scene of the first public ball on Staten Island; the phrase '* fiddler's change " originated here, as it was customary to take up a collection for the musicians after each dance. It was also the local political headquarters. When the house was torn down in 1895 a painting by Milburn the artist, who stopped here in 1840, was discovered. Walk to the Square hounded by the Terrace, Dongan, Bodine and Cedar Streets. 14. Dongan House site, owned by the English Governor, Thomas Dongan (1682-1688), who in 1687 "purchased a manor house and some 25,000 acres of ground " on Staten Island, which he formed into the " Lordship and Manor of Casseltowne." The house was his hunting lodge. Here he lived until 1691, when he fled to England during the Leisler troubles. The estate went to his nephews, one of whom, 'Walter, succeeded to the title; finally it went out of the family into other hands, among them Judge Ogden Edwards. At the time of its destruction by fire, Christmas, 1878, it was owned by J. H. Williamson. Indian remains have been found nearby in the sand bank, and at the foot of the embankment was a famous spring, a meeting place for Indian harvest festivals and treaty making. 15. The DeGroot House, of Dutch architecture, at the corner of Columbia Street. DeGroot is the Dutch for LeGrand, the name of the original French family. Side trip along Columbia Street, 16. The Scott-Edwards House, at the northwest corner of Co- lumbia and Prospects Streets, was the residence of Judge Ed- ^ wards, the first Supreme Court Justice to reside on Staten Island under the Republic; he was the grandson of Jonathan Edwards I and a cousin of Aaron Burr. 17. The Tyler House, Clove Road, here a continuation of Columbia Street and Broadway; it was owned by Mrs. Juliana i Gardiner, mother of President Tyler's wife, later by Mrs. Tyler. It was bought in 1878 by Hon. W. M. Evarts and later occupied by the Russian Consul-General. The park has been cut up by I speculators. I 329 " Route 53 HISTORICAL GUIDE Port Richmond Continue on the Clove Road. 18. Oldest Corsen House on the island, a few rods north of Richmond Turnpike. It was built about 1690. Britton Mill, near Clove Lake, was the scene of local romances. Return on Clove Road to Cherry Lane, then south on Manor Road. 19. The Dubois House, on the northwest corner; General Santa Anna lived here (see 5). Go west on Cherry Lane to 20. The Decker House, on Barrett Street, just off Cherry Lane; the Decker family descended from Johannes de Decker, who arrived in 1655. Walk north on Decker Avenue and continuing streets to the Terrace at Port Richmond. 21. Danner's Hotel, the old Port Richmond Hotel, also called the St. James Hotel, near the corner of Richmond Avenue. It stands on the site of the Revolutionary Fort Decker and was built soon after the war, as a private residence; it became a hotel in 1820 and was then the largest hotel in the county. Aaron Burr was a guest of the Winant family and died here in Sep- tember, 1836. 1854-1856 it was the headquarters of the Know- Nothing or American Party. Its name has been changed many times, and the building itself is materially altered from the original form. There was another fort west of this locality. 22. Van Pelt Academy, behind the Post Office at Port Rich- mond on the Terrace just west of Richmond Avenue, was once a famous school under the management of Dr. P. I. Van Pelt, minister of the Reformed Church; it is now a furniture shop. 23. Dutch Reformed Church, a short distance up Richmond Avenue from the Terrace, opposite Church Street; it is on the site of the church burned during the Revolution; the Sunday School is said to be the oldest in the United States. See tablet over the front door. Go up Richmond Avenue, nearly opposite Harrison Street; see 24. The Jacques House, now Progress Hall; also called Har- rison House. It was built by Isaac Jacques, a New York mer- chant and a descendant of the French Count Jacques, who came to this country toward the end of the 17th century. The willows came from St. Helena, the boxwood from Mt. Vernon and the fence from the residence of Mr. Jacques in Whitehall Street in Manhattan. 330 Holland's Hook RICHMOND 53 Route Walk along the Terrace to the Linseed Oil Mills. 25. The Housman House site, southwest corner John Street. The original Hoasman came to America in 1675 or 1676. 26. The Lake-Croak House, between Bay and Simonson Streets. The land on which it stands was part of a lot granted by Sir Edmund Andros to John Lee, December 16, 1680. 27. The Post House, on the Terrace, in the grounds of the MilHken Iron Works, was erected in 1691. 28. The DeHart House, next the car barn, a short distance - east of Holland Avenue. This house is over 150 years old and was once a school. There is an Indian graveyard on Holland's Hook, and on the heights at the approach to the ferry were two British forts. Go south on Western Avenue, under the R. R. bridge, to Old Place. Old Place was at one time called Tunissen's Neck. Morris says the name originated in the following manner: Religious services were held in such a dilapidated building that a new place of worship was selected. This was so inconvenient that the early building was repaired and worship resumed at the *' Old Place." One section of Old Place was called Skunkville." See two or three old houses on the right, on the old Daniel Jones place. 29. Old Place Mill, a little east, on Washington Avenue; some of the foundations are still to be seen on the edge of the creek on the right side of the road. Go east on Washington Avenue past the school-house, and on the opposite side of the avenue, near South Avenue, see the 30. Van Pelt-Decker House; the house stands a little back from Washingtori Avenue. Tradition says that the American forces, on one of their raids from New Jersey, found Van Pelt in bed; he was summarily pulled out of bed and forced to accom- pany the troops into New Jersey, where he fought with the patriot army: the next day his wife succeeded m getting clothes to him. Later his wife kept a tavern for soldiers of both armies. Some distance farther east, opposite Harbor Street, stood until 1904 the Van Pelt Cottage, over 200 years old. HISTORICAL GUIDE 332 RICHMOND ROUTE 54. SECTION IL— ST. GEORGE TO NEW SPRINGVILLE. (Figures refer to Plate LXV). Take the trolley at St. George for Elizabeth Ferry and change to Bull's Head car at Port Richmond, passing 31. Butler's Hotel Site, near the head of Washington Avenue; this was a favorite resort of the sporting fraternity; during the Revolution it was oc- cupied by British officers as headquarters; burned in 1892. Get off the car at Vedder Avenue, 'walk east to Willow Brook Road and then South to Watchogue Road. 32. Pero-Christopher House, at northwest corner; across the road see 33. Mersereau House, where Col. Joshua Mersereau lived and from which he had a hairbreadth escape during the Revolution; the British commander had put a price on his head. • Southeast from Watchogue Road and JJUlon' Brook Avenue, 34. Site of the Vreeland House, recently destroyed. Walk east on Watchogue Road to Prohibition Park.'^S 35. The Corsen-Ives House, at the corner of St. John Street. Ives was at one t;me the bicycle champion of the United States. 36. Bodine's Inn site, at Castleton Corners; it was built by David Jacques before the Revolution; was made a hotel later and became the home of the actor Keene during his last days. Walk south on the Willozj Brook Road to Willonf Brook; among the willows back of the ice-house, see 37. The Christopher Homestead, where the Committee of Safety met during the Revolution; it was reached by secret paths through the swamps; many Americans were captured while try- ing to reach it. U^alk back to Richmond Turnpike, then west to Richmond or Old Stone Road. 38. Bull's Head Tavern site at the corner; it was built in 1741, and was a Tory headquarters and the scene of many outrages; burned i890.*4 Continue south to New Springville. Long Neck, now known as New Springville, was the fourth oldest settlement on Staten Island. 39. School House site, where the present building stands; the original school was built in the 17th century; the old stone was used in the present building. 333 ^ Route 54 HISTORICAL GUIDE New Springville Walk south to Rockland Avenue, then east to 40. Corsen House site; the Corsen family is one of the oldest on the island; the earliest mention of the name is in 1680. There are some fine family relics in the house, which stands on the old site.*5 Get information here as to route to the wolf pit. 41. Wolf Pit, reached by a pleasant trip through the woods to the north, or may be visited from 37. The pit was built many years ago by Captain Jones, who owned the surrounding woods. It was covered with brush and leaves and was baited with a piece of meat hung from a sapling just above it; the wolf would leap to this and fall through the brush into the hole. Go back to the village and, at the corner of Union Street, see 42. The Old Crocheron House; a little farther west is 43. The later Crocheron House, which contains some fine old furniture. John Crocheron, the founder of the family here, was a prominent Huguenot; to escape execution in France he hid in a hogshead on board a vessel by which his neighbors were coming to America. His will was dated December 13, 1695. Walk along Union Street to Richmond Turnpike, then toward Travis- ville. 44. The Ridgeway House; a long, low building, south of the road in the field. At Linoleumville, then called New Blazing Star, was a Revolutionary fort. House destroyed by fire, 191 1. Return to New Springville, walk south on Richmond Road, now Broadway. 45. Simonson House site; built about 1690 by William, the son of Simon La Blant, who escaped from France during the Huguenot persecution, and on his arrival here was known as Simonson; he was the ancestor of the Simonson family in this country. The old house was of stone of the Dutch style of architecture, and, when it was destroyed, a brick building took its place. Continue on Broadway. 46. The Blake-Miller House, built about 1668; it is situated on the left, a short distance, from Union. Street. A short walk brings one to Karles Neck. 47. The Barne-Tysen House, stands off the road to the west; the family came from Holland in 1660 and received a grant of land from Sir Edmund Andros in 1677; house built 1680. Walk back to Bull's Head and take the trolley home or follow the Richmond Hill Road to Richmond, where the car may be taken for St. George, 334 RICHMOND ROUTE 55. SECTION III— ST. GEORGE TO ARROCHAR. (Figures refer to Plate LXVI.) Take the trolley or walk along the streets near the shore through Tompkinsville and Stapleton. There was formerly a large spring near the south end of the R. R. tunnel, where ships obtained water; the vicinity was called from this, the " Watering Place." t 48. Old Health Officer's Residence, the only remains of the former Quarantine property, now owned by the American Cotton Docks Co., next to the United States Light-House Reservation. The property made an extensive plant; it w^as destroyed in 1858 by the summary action of some of the inhabitants. For some time, the people of Staten Island had petitioned for a change of Quarantine to a less exposed place. Incensed by inaction, they took their own measures and burned the plant. The land- ing was the site of an old fort. Walk along Central Avenue to Arietta Street. 49. Quarantine Ferry Landing, at the foot of Arietta Street, passing the R, R. Station, where was the site of Nautilus Hall (built 1808): this hall was a popular political resOrt, because "out of the way"; it was the scene of re- ceptions to Lafayette, Garibaldi, Van Buren, Tompkins, Scott, Seward and others. At the corner of GriMn and Arietta Streets, see 50. The Dutch Reformed Church site. The church was built 18 18, and after many years used as a shop; it was demolished in 1907, to make way for a block of shops; Governor Tompkins aided in its erection. Just above, on the south side of Sarah Ann Street, near the Rich- mond Turnpike, see 51. General Van Buren's Home. Walk along GriMn and Bay Streets, 52. The Planters* Hotel, at the northwest corner of Grant Street, was a popular resort for wealthy Southern planters. Go up Clinton and Church Streets; see 53. The Pavilion Hill, known as Mt. Tompkins in the early days, where are the remains of two Revolutionary forts; one may get a fine view from this hill. The forts were rebuilt during the War of 1812. 335 HISTORICAL GUIDE Garibaldi House RICHMOND 55 Route Continue on Bay Street nearly to Congress. 54. Commodore Vanderbilt's later house. Farther along, at the N. W. corner of Union Street, see 55. Commodore Vanderbilt's earlier home. Mrs. Vanderbilt, wife of the Commodore, died here. Continue on Bay Street. 56. United States Marine Hospital. Originally a State hos- pital, erected 1834-1835, it was maintained by a State tax, which was later declared unconstitutional, on seamen entering the Port of New York. Later the Marine Society of New York purchased the property and rented it to the United States Gov- ernment, in 1883, as a Marine Hospital. Finally, in 1903, it was purchased by the United States Government. It contains 150 beds. In the rear is a building called the Seaman's Retreat, over 100 years old. This was the original hospital building established by the Marine Society. A short distance to the west, corner of Bay Street and Simonson Avenue, is the site of the first National headquarters of the Republican party, where General Fremont received the news of his defeat in 1856. Walk along Bay Street to Townsend Avenue. 57. Townsend Castle site, at the west end of the avenue; three brothers came about 1661 and founded the family; the house was burned in 1885 to- gether with a number of fine historical paintings. Follow New York Avenue to Chestnut Street. 58. The Garibaldi House, near Bachman's brewery, at the corner of Tompkins Avenue; it is marked by a tablet placed on it by the lovers of the Italian General, who lived here for some time. He lived with Antonio Meucci, the inventor of a tele- phone system, who died here in 1889. The house was presented to the Italian Government by Frederick Bachman. It is now protected by a cement superstructure. Walk east on Chestnut Avenue to Bay Street, then south. 59. The Austin House at foot of Clifton Avenue, said to have been erected in 1710 by a Dutch merchant; it is well preserved in the original style and contains many relics of the Revolution. 60. Quarantine at the foot of Cliff Street; a British fort was located here. 337 Route 55 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ft. Wadsworth Continue on up Bay Street and New York Avenue to 61. Forts Wadsworth and Tompkins, established by New York State during the War of 1812. In 1847 the United States Gov- ernment bought the reservation, demolished the old forts and built the present works, which have been constantly improved and brought up to date. It is said the first Dutch immigrants stopped here and a block house was erected here by DeVries; this was several times destroyed by the Indians. The fort was rebuilt by the English in 1776. The last shot of the Revolution was fired at this fort by a British gunboat on Evacuation Day, 1783, because of the open derision expressed by the onlooking Staten Islanders. It is hoped to mark this fort by a tablet. Inside the reservation was the old Fountain House. 62. Arrochar is reached from the fort by the railroad or one can walk there by way of Richmond Avenue. Arrochar Park was once known as Oude Dorp (Old Town) and is the site of the first Dutch settlement on Staten Island, 1641. The village consisted of several log huts and was destroyed three times by the Indians. (But see No^e, p. 325,) 63. The Vreeland Homestead at South Beach was recently destroyed. Take the trolley hack to St. George. 338 RICHMOND ROUTE 56. SECTION IV.— ST. GEORGE TO NEW DORP AND RICHMOJSID. (Figures refer to Plate LXVII). Take the trolley for New Dorp, passing 64. Emerson Hill and site of the house called " The Snug- gery." It is in Concord, earlier called Dutch Farms, on the west side of the road, just beyond the Clove Road, where the trolley from the North Shore connects with this line. The present house was built by William Emerson, Judge of Rich- mond County, 1841-1843, not far from his original house, "The Snuggery." Ralph Waldo Emerson spent some time here; Henry D. Thoreau was a teacher in the family. *6 65. The Clinch Homestead, near Spring Street, Concord, op- posite the hotel, was built about 1700, and was the early home of Mrs. A. T. Stewart; much modernized, upper story shingled. Further on, at Garretson, lately called Dongan Hills, on the east side of the road, see 66. The Perrine Homestead, built about 1668. The village was named for John C. Garretson, whose two-century-old man- sion here has lately disappeared. It was occupied at one time during the Revolution by Capt. Coghlan of the British Army. . Opposite is Todt or Toad Hill, one of the high points on Staten Island. Todt Hill was also called Iron Hill, this . metal .having .been extracted, at times, from the hill. The ravine penetrating the hill was called Valley of the Iron Hill and Mersereau's \'alley. It was the scene of the rescue of a young woman from a British officer, by her lover Mersereau. New Dorp, including Elm Tree Light, now embraces also Stony Brook; here General Moncton rested with his army several weeks after the French and Indian war, during which time Sir Jeffrey Amherst was invested with the Order of the Bath, October 25, 1761. It contained an important military post during the Civil War. The trolley car passes on the right 67. The Moravian Cemetery, within which is the Old Mo- ravian Church and Parsonage (now used as a Sunday School-/ room and the cemetery office); the original plot for this;;ceme- tery was bought on June 9, 1763, for $124.08^, being part of the estate of Governor Dongan (see No. 14); the Vanderbilt family have added largely to the church property; the corner- stone of the old church was laid July 7, 1763; in the cemetery are many graves antedating the church. See the Vanderbilt mausoleum. 339 HISTORICAL GUIDE Plate LXVII. Routes 56, 57, 58 340 Fountain House RICHMOND 56 Route 68. The Aaron Cortelyou Homestead, opposite the cemetery gate; also called the Lake or Gifford House. Because of a burg- lary in this house, a negro suffered the first legal execution in the county. 77. Stony Brook; the original Waldensian settlement in 1658 (Note, p. 325), the second oldest settlement on Staten Island, and the County Seat from 1683 to 1827. Here were Staten Island's first Court House and Jail, 1683; first Church, 1670; first Whipping Post (witches were punished here); first market or trading place; first marriage. The Huguenots settled here in 1658. The old Britton House was here; the site is just about opposite Tysen Avenue, on tlie west side of the road; it was built between 1650 and 1660 and de- molished in 1896, being one of the oldest structures on Staten Island. It was used as a court house; the family were driven out during the Revolution, and the colonel of one of the British mounted regiments had his headquarters here; it was also used as a small-pox hospital. In early days it was the scene of an Indian massacre, where a whole family was killed. Continue to New Dorp, see 78. The Black Horse Tavern, at the corner of Amboy Road and Richmond Road, a resort of British officers during the Revo- lution. Opposite, at the head of New Dorp Lane, is the site of the Patten House, built in 1837 to accommodate the crowds who came to see the New Dorp races along the Lane. It was a favorite resort of the Vanderbilts; in its later days it was used as a Roman Catholic institution and finally as a tenement. 79. The Rose and Crown House stood a little to the north of New Dorp Lane on the west side of Richmond Road; it was built by early Huguenot settlers, and was the birthplace of Bishop Bedell; while the headquarters of Sir Wm. Howe, here he and his brother. Lord Howe, first heard the reading of the Declaration of Independence; later it was occupied by British officers, among them General Knyphausm, Sir Henry Clinton, Lord Cornwallis and Sir Guy Carleton. It was torn down in 1854. 80. The Fountain House, on the opposite side of Richmond Road and just above the Black Horse Tavern, recently remodeled; it is one of the oldest houses remaining on Staten Island. Here Margaret Moncrieffe met Captain Coghlan; here, also, Lieut. Sidney A. Simons, U. S. N., was born. He was drowned ofT Cape Hatteras. Near by is Camp Hill, a British gambling resort and duelling ground. During the occupation of the island by the British, many officers were court-martialled for gambling and duelling. 341 HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 57 SIDE TRIP A.— TO ELM TREE LIGHT (Figures refer to Plate LXVH) Leave trolley at New Dorp Lane, then walk east; cross the R. R. track, passing on the left 69. The Parker Clausen House, about no years old; has some inter- esting hardware. Nearly opposite, see 70. Jacobsen-Vanderbilt House, built by Christian Jacobsen ; dur- ing the Revolution, British soldiers entered the house and fatally shot him; his will is dated January 10, 1782. Later the house was owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt and his son, William H. Vanderbilt. Further down on the left, see 70a. Vanderbilt House, now owned by George W. Vanderbilt. It was given to W. H. Vanderbilt by his father, who sent him here to recover his health. His income from the farm at one time was over $12,000 a year. The house has been much modernized and has a square tower. It has been moved back from its former position nearer the lane. Near the foot of the lane, see 71. The Cubberly House; the original name of the family is Coverle ; the first of the name came in 1769; see the quaint kitchen. At the extreme end of the lane, see 72. Elm Tree Beacon, the landing place of the Huguenots, 1658 There was a chain of British breastworks near the shore; the old Track House, until lately, stood on the Vanderbilt farm at the foot of the lane. From New Dorp Lane turn off on Mill Road to the east at the corner of Tysen Lane, see 73. The Lake Tysen House, situated in the field ; the Lake family settled on the island in 1670, coming from England. The house has been kept i". its original condition by the descendants of the builders. A^ear by, see 73a. Lake Farm House; during the Revolution it was occupied by British officers. Continue on Mill Lane to Guy on Avenue 74. Guyon-Clarke House, at 360 Guyon Avenue. It is an early Huguenot house, where was organized a British Masonic Lodge ; see the old clock in the hall, and the land patent signed by Sir Edmun Andros. The Club House, near by, was frequented by the most prominent people of the island. Not far away to the south, on the Boulevard, see 75. The Cole House; the family came to America in 1639, by way of Holland, where the name was changed to "Kool"; in America thi became Cool, then Cole. Nearly opposite, on the edge of the marsh, see 76. The Lockman House Ruins; the lintel piece lately disappeared; it bore the inscription, "May 22, 1782." 342 RICHMOND ROUTE 58. RICHMOND. (Figures refer to Plates LXVII and LXVIII). Take trolley to Richmond, passing at the bend of the road, just be- yond New Dorp village, the duelling ground of the British officers. 81. The Grote House, later occupied by Dr. Rotton, just be- yond the corner of Egbertville and Rockland Avenues; it is over 100 years old and was originally the home of Colonel Richard Connor, where Aaron Burr made his last call. Above the ravine is the old Egbertville Academy. Richmond, formerly Cuckoldstowne or Cucklestowne, became the County Seat in 1729. At the end of the trolley line turn to the north. 82, St. Andrews Church, one of the four churches established (1708) by Queen Anne; the church has still part of the silver service given by her to the church; it was occupied by the British as a hospital and was the center of two Revolutionary fights. The original building was built in 1713. See memorial tablet to commemorate Anne's gift in 1708 (unveiled October 21, 1908). "^7 i Plate LXVIII. Route 58. 343 C. K. Route 58 HISTORICAL GUIDE Richmond On the hill where the school house stands were • 83. The Whipping Post, removed 1825, and the Callows, the scene of the first execution in the county. 84. Later Latourette House, made of brick; see 85. The older Latourette House ruins — a council of war took place here lead- ing to the battle of Springfield, N. J. It was the headquarters of Lt.-Col. Simcoe, commanding the " Queen's Rangers." The Holmes family, ancestors of Nancy Hanks and Abraham Lincoln, once lived in this house. The earliest mention of the Latourette family is in 1726. *8 86. Old Mill. Return to the Village on the Mill Road. 87. The Barton House and old Cuckoldstowne Inn site, corner of Rich- mond Road and Court Street, behind the County Clerk's office; this was the headquarters of General Cleveland, chief engineer of the British Army; here it was that Andre wrote his will. 87A. County Clerk's Office. 88. Second County Court House site; building destroyed by the British in the Revolution (the first was at Stony Brook) ; the site was occupied for many years by the Richmond County Hall and since 1890 by St. Andrews Parish House. 88A. Third County Court House, occupied by the Board of Supervisors, October, 1794, for the first time. In i8c7 it was a dwelling and now a hotel. 88B. Fourth County Court House, on Tysen Street, now in use. It was erected in 1837. See old graveyard near by. 88C. Second County Jail, 1727, where now the street leads to Richmond Road. The first jail in Stony Brook. Nearly opposite was 89. Old Dutch Reformed Church, original site; built 1808. 89A. Site Old Dutch Reformed Church (second location, foundation may still be seen). There were three Revolutionary forts in Richmond, all on the hill above St. Andrews Church: one about 300 yards from the church, one still standing about a third of a mile westj and another on the hill overlooking the meadows, where the Bedell graveyard is located. Richmond was the site of the camp of the Seventeenth British Dragoons, the only regular British cavalry regiment in the Revolution; they acted as General Clinton's bodyguard. 344 RICHMOND ROUTE 59. SECTION v.— ST. GEORGE TO GREENRIDGE AND GREAT KILLS. (Figures refer to Plate LXIX). Take the trolley at St. George to Richmond; then the Fresh Kills Road to Greenridge, called in the early days Marshland and Fresh Kills, passing on the right, just across the bridge, 90. Benham Mansion ruins; the house was built by Commander T. G. Ben- ham when he was a Lieutenant in the Mexican War; it was burned down 1897, It was also the home of Admiral A. E. K. Benham. *9 Pass on the right the Cortelyou House, of late Dutch architecture, to the road leading to the right of the mill, now a cement block factory; see the picturesque ruins of the millwheel behind the build- ing. Pass on the left 91. Bedell House site, built in 1670, and a little farther on the site of the *'House by the Mill," built in 1685; the latter house was a military storehouse during the Revolution; near was a British fort and a Dragoon camp. Two battles were fought here. The Bedells came to America 1673, settling on Long Island, and on Staten Island a century later, 1767; see mention of the family in the county records, where Silas Bedell rendered a bill for doctoring. 92. The Seaman House site, at the S. E. corner of Fresh Kills Road and Eltingville Road; this was the home of Benjamin Seaman, the last of the Colonial judges in Richmond County; he went to New Brunswick after the Revolution. The house was burned in 1890. 93. The Huguenot Church site, near where the present barn stands on the Seaman estate; it was built between 1680 and 1695; the spot is to be marked with a stone; in tb«j old churchyard were buried the last of Staten Island Indians in 1826. Return on Fresh Kills Road to Giifords Lane, then south. 94. Small Stone Building on the west side of the lane, a few feet from Fresh Kills Road; it is said that this is one of the houses where courts were held years ago. 95. Holy Spring House, on the east side of the lane, at the corner of Dewey Avenue, in the hollow by a big tree. The earliest Roman Catholic services on this part of the island were held here. The house gets its name from a miraculous spring in the basement. Continue to Giifords, called Great Kills. 96. Old School House site, near the Post Office and store of J. W. Hethering- ton, where may be seen relics of the Poillon family and other relics. Go down Hillside Avenue to the Boulevard, where are situated the three following Poillon houses built about 1694: 97. The Seguine House, a few feet east of Hillside Avenue. 98. The Erastus Wiman House, a short distance west of Hillside Avenue. Wiman did a great deal to awaken Staten Island. HISTORICAL GUIDE Rossville RICHMOND 59a Route 99. The Woods of Arden House, quite a distance farther along, near Townsend Avenue. The name was given by Wiman. The Journeay House ruins are passed on the way. There was an Indian burying-ground in Great Kills. Seguine's Point was the scene of an uprising of the people in 1859, on account of the establishment of quarantining hos- pitals here. The buildings were burned, as were those at Tomp- kinsville, and the county was forced to pay the State $110,000, which sum included the loss of the buildings at Tompkinsville,. destroyed in 1858. • A floating hospital for yellow fever cases was located here in 1859. In i860 Swinburne Island was made by filling in, and in 1873 Hoffman Island was made in a similar manner, and so Se- guine's Point was freed from the terror of contagious diseases. Return by Townsend Avenue to R. R. Stations at either Eltingville or Annadale. ROUTE 59a. SIDE TRIP TO ROSSVILLE AND WOODROW. Follozv Fresh Kills Road to Rossville; previous to the Revolution this was called Smoking Point " and during the Revolution, Blazing Star." 100. Old Mill, where Richmond Creek empties into Fresh Kills. 10 1. Oakley House site, near the foot of Rossville Avenue, sometimes called Shea's Lane; it was the birthplace of James A. Bradley, the founder of Asbury Park; Bishop Asbury was entertained here soon after his arrival from England, in 1 77 1. It was a tavern before the Revolution. It is claimed that the old stone house that stood until 1850 on the farm of Samuel W. Benedict, near Rossville, was built by David Petersen de Vries, who came here from Holland in 1636 and established a bouwerie on Staten Island. There was a military redoubt at Rossville on the site of the Decker House. *io Walk down Rossville Avenue to JVoodrozc Road, then turn east. 102. The Winant House, used by Tory marauders; a quantity^ of silver was found in the cellar several years ago. Opposite is the Methodist Church, on the site of the first M. E. Church on Staten Island, about 1787. JValk across Huguenot Lane and follow Journeay Avenue. T03. Peter Van Pelt House site, known as the Nolan House, destroyed in 1904; it is located just back of the present Nolan House. Bishop Asbury preached here shortly after his arrival in America. Return to Huguenot Lane, then south to Huguenot R. R. Station, 347 HISTORICAL GUIDE RICHMOND ROUTE 60. SECTION VI.— ST. GEORGE TO TOTTENVILLE. (Figures refer to Plate LXX). Take the train to Tottenville, passing iJirough Richmond Valley. 104. The Old Tabernacle Ruins, built 1822 as a i)lace for Methodist worship, at Richmond X'alley, near Railroad Station. Tottenville was formerly known as the Manor of Bentley. 105. Union House site, between the two shipyards on Railroad Avenue, at the foot of Tyrrell Street. It was built in 1784 and was originally the John- son farmhouse; it was in the parlor of this house, later used as a barroom, that Commodore Vanderbilt married his cousin, Sophia Johnson. Walk along Broadway to Church Street, then over the mill dam. 106. The Disoszi'ay-Mill site, over 100 years old at the time of its de- struction; some of the foundation stones can yet be seen at the end of the dam to the left. *i I Return to the village, then follow Broadzcay, Main Street and Amboy Road to the Lane and Bentley Avenue. 107. The Billopp House, built about 1668 by Christopher Bil- lopp, who, in 1688, aided New York's claim to Staten Island by circumnavigating the island in his own vessel in less than 24 hours; his reward was the grant of 1163 acres on the south shore, which he named for his vessel " Bentley Manor." His grandson, Christopher, was a loyalist and was carried off for ransom by some American Rangers and kept until exchanged for an Ameri- can prisoner. He was again taken but was freed by Washington at Howe's request. After the war he went to live in Nova Scotia. In this house took place an interview between Howe and an American committee, composed of Adams, Franklin and Rut- ledge, after the battle of Long Island, but no satisfactory agree- ment was reached. There have been several attempts to get the State to buy and preserve the house. The old family bury- ing-ground has disappeared, but two old gravestones lean against the veranda. Sir Henry Clinton, Generals Robertson and Kny- phausen and Major Andre visited here. Near the house is an old Indian burying-ground. At the present writing, a small fee / is charged for admission. (See 191 1 Report Am. Seen, and Hist. Pres. Soc.) Continue to the extreme point of the island. 108. Fort ruins; the fort was started by the War Department during the Spanish-American War; blocks of concrete can be seen, 109. Garretson House site; the boat-house keeper on the beach will show the way across the meadow to Belmont Street; then walk to Manhattan Street to Arlington; a bungalow is now on the site. The family is Dutch and came here in 1660, from Holland, bringing with them a certificate of good character and good deportment from the burgomaster of their native city. There was a Revolutionary fort at Kreisherville. 349 ^ HISTORICAL GUIDE ROUTE 6oa. SIDE TRIP TO PRINCESS BAY. Get off the R. R. train at Princess Bay Station and walk south on Princess Bay Road. no. Purdy's Hotel, on the shore; it is nearly 200 years old, but well preserved. A short walk along the shore brings one to 111. The Androvette House. The family took up land in 1699. 112, 113. The sites of British forts. Return by train to St, George. 350 RICHMOND ADDENDA, 1912 *i (pi 328). Near the main entrance to the grounds is a bronze statue, by St. Gaudens, over the grave of R. R. Randall, the founder. *2 (p. 328). The original Kreuzer House stood a little further back from this house, on the hillside; the Kreuzer burying ground was just a little west of the present house. The present house, properly called the De Groot-Pelton-Marriott House, was probably built by a De Groot ; Johannis De Groot occupied the house at the time of the Revolution and probably built the middle section connecting the two ends of the house ; the De Groots disposed of the house in 1814. Since then it has been occupied by the Pelton family and lately by the Marriott family. The stone or western end dates about 1730; the middle part was built just before the Revolution, while the brick addition is less than 100 years old. Major Andre was at one time billetted here; he proved himself a good entertainer. There i? a pretty romance connected with the vault behind the house. *3 (p. 333). Housman House, built about 1735, on the north side of Watchogue Road, about half a mile from Richmond Turnpike. It stands on the east bank of Stinking Brook and is but little altered. The Housman family is an old one on the Island, having come from Holland in 1675. Garrett Housman was a noted Loyalist during the Revolution. Corsen House, at the junction of Richmond Turnpike and Watchogue Road, built in 1776. At one time Lord Howe and his escort ^rested here for lunch ; at his request a son was named for him, William Howe Corsen. Dongan Distillery. Tradition identifies this as the building now standing on the northeast corner of Richmond Road and Manor Avenue, to the east of 36; it has Jbeen modernized, due to necessary repairs. Dongan was Governor of the Province, 1683-88. *4 (p. 333)- The road between 38-39 is called Signs Road. The name carries one back to the days of superstition when '^signs'' w^ere frequently seen here ; one sign especially common was a black dog as large as a horse, that came out at night from near by in the woods, frightening the easily scared travelers. *5 (p- 334)- This was a Jones house originally, coming into the Corsen family by marriage. Directly opposite 40 is another Jones house, on south side of the 351 HISTORICAL GUIDE road. Captain Jones, who occupied it during the Revolution, was a very prominent Tory; in spite of this, however, his family suffered much from the Hessians who were quartered on his farm. The western end is the oldest part. The house is still occupied by a descendant of the original owners. *6 (p. 339)- Site of the Jiouse of Capt. Jacob Vanderbilt, on Serpentine Road, near Clove Road. It was burned down about 1901, a lone chimney marking the site. Capt. Jacob Vanderbilt, brother of Commodore Vanderbilt, was born in 1817 on Staten Island ; in 1834 he married a daughter of Gen. Israel Putnam. He operated a ferry from Whitehall Street, New York, to the Island. Grymes Hill gets its name from the Grymes family, a member of which built the house still standing on Serpentine Road, near Eddy Street. The house was built in 1836. *7 (p. 343)- Three tablets were erected in 1908: (i) for Queen Anne, who granted the charter and gave 153 acres in what is now Stapleton for the support of the church; this was sold for $70,000; (2) for the first rector, the Rev. E. S. MacKenzie ; (3) for the fourteen rectors who served the church during its first 200 years of history. *8 (p. 344). About 600 feet southwest of 85 are the remains of a British fort on the brow of a steep hill ; these are the only visible remains of a Revolutionary fort on the Island. From this spot may be had a beautiful and extensive view. *9 (P- 345)- On the west side of Fresh Kills Road, opposite Giffords Lane, not far from 90, is an old frame house belonging to a descendant of Henry Boehm, a noted schoolmaster of many years ago. During some repairs lately made a secret chamber was discovered, built in as part of the chimney, and reached by a loose board in the floor. *io (p. 347). Between Rossville and Kreischcrvillc, on the shore by the glue factory, is the old stone Winant-Johnson House, of Dutch architecture. *ii (p. 349). The Disosway House is a little north of 106; it is a stone house on the shore road. The Disosway family was among the few patriot families on the Island. There is a tradition that during the Revolution the head of the family was captured by the British ; his wife was offered her husband's freedom if she would persuade her brother, also active in the American ranks, to cease his activity or join the British. She is said to have spurned the offer indignantly. The family came from France, the first settler in 1655. The mill, 106, belonged to this family. 352 353 354 PART SIX SPECIAL ROUTES I. ROUTES FOR CHILDREN. IL WATER ROUTES. III. AUTOMOBILE ROUTES. SPECIAL ROUTES I. ROUTES FOR CHILDREN. For Museums, etc., sec Appendix D, MANHATTAN. A. Bowling Green, Fraunces Tavern, Willett tablet, Hanover Sq., Wall Street, Sub Treasury, Trinity Churchyard. R. i, 2, 3. B. Custom House, Battery Park, views of Bay, Aquarium. R. i, 4. C. Governor's Island. R. 4. D. City Hall, City Hall Park, Post Office, St. Paul's Chapel and Churchyard. R. 5, 6. E. Washington Square, Exempt Firemen's Rooms in Jefferson Mar- ket. R. 10. F. St. Mark's-in-the-Bowery, pear tree tablet, Cooper Union ^luseum. Also by arrangement, .Middle Church. R. 11. G. Bryant Park, N. Y. Public Library (Children's Room) ; Fifth Avenue bus to Central Park. R. 17. H. American Museum of Natural History (Indian remains found in Manhattan). I. Metropolitan Museum of Art (historical prints and objects). J. The New York Historical Society. K. McGown's Pass, remains of Fort Clinton, Block House No. i. R. 21. L. Block House No. 3, Grant's Tomb, Columbia University. R. 19. M. Washington's Headquarters. R. 23. N. High Bridge, Death Gap, etc., Fort Washington, Fort Washington Point. R. 23, 24, 25. O. Inwood and Cold Spring: particularly suitable for an all-day outing, pure water at the spring. Take Broadway Subway to Two Hundred and Seventh Street Station, walk west to the public school, north to the old Dyckman House, and west along the trail through the woods. R. 28b. 357 Routes for HISTORICAL GUIDE Children THE BRONX. A. Van Cortlandt Park and Mansion. R. 29. B. New York University, Hall of Fame, Historical Museum. R. 30. C. Tomb of Drake and houses on Hunt's Point. Lenox Ave. Subway- Express to Intervale Ave. Sta. ; thence via Hunt's Pt. trolley. R. 31. D. Botanical Garden, Horticultural Hall, in Bronx Park. R. 32. E. Indian Well, Hemlock Grove, Lorillard Mansion Museum in Bronx Park. R. 32. F. Zoological Gardens, Rocking Stone, Bronx River in Bronx Park. R. 32. For Routes D, E, take Lenox Avenue Subway to One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street, transfer to the Third Ave. Elevated R. R. to Bronx Park. For Route F, take West Farms Subway to One Hundred and Eightieth Street. G. Glover's Rock, Macedonia Hotel, City Island. R. 34. BROOKLYN. A. Bushwick Dutch Reformed Church and Churchyard; Cooper Park. R 3Sc. B. Williamsburg Plaza and Bridge. R. 35a. C. Borough Hall, Beecher Statue, Long Island Historical Society. R. 36. D. Martyrs' Tomb, Fort Green Park; Navy Yard. R. 37. E. Prospect Park (best seen from the electric omnibus, 25 cents). R. 38. F. Children's Museum (Brooklyn Institute), Bedford Park. Par- ticularly valuable. R. 38. G. Fort Hamilton. R. 42. 358 Routes for SPECIAL ROUTES Children QUEENS. A. Cross Queensboro Bridge, car to Steinway, walk along the Old Bowery Road to North Beach. Return by trolley or College Point Ferry to Ninety-ninth Street, Manhattan. R. 44. B. Astoria Ferry from East Ninety-second Street, old houses in Astoria, walk along the Shore Road to Steinway, return by trolley to Astoria or by Queensboro Bridge. R. 45. C. Elmhurst, the old village of Newtown. R. 49. D. Quaker Meeting House, Bowne House (admission 25 cents) and other old houses of Flushing, R. 51. E. King Mansion, Jamaica. R. 52. RICHMOND. A. Municipal Ferry to St. George to see the Upper Bay, islands, light houses, old forts and Statue of Liberty. B. Borough Hall and Museum of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences. R. 53. C. Sailors' Snug Harbor and old houses near by. R. 53. D. Forts Wadsworth and Tompkins. R. 55. E. Billopp House, Tottenville. R. 60. F. Old houses in New Dorp. R. 56. G. Old houses in Richmond. R. 58. 359 HISTORICAL GUIDE II. WATER ROUTES Many interesting trips may be taken by ferries and excursion steamers. A few only are suggested, the chief historic points to be seen en route being outlined. For definite information as lO rates and hours of sailing, consult the daily papers, for routes consult Globe and Eagle Almanacs or Bullinger's Guide. A. Governor's Island. See R. 4. B. Liberty Island. See R. 4. C. Municipal Ferry to St. George, Staten Island. Boats leave the Battery at intervals of twenty to thirty minutes. Views of lower Manhattan ; Governor's, Ellis and Liberty Islands ; South Brooklyn ; Jersey City and Bayonne. D. Riverside and Fort Lee Ferry to Edgewater, N. L, from West One Hundred and Thirtieth Street every 20 minutes. Points named in Side Trip to Fort Lee, R. 19. E. Sight Seeing YacJiis make the tour of Manhattan twice daily, a lecturer on board explaining the points of interest. The chief historic buildings and localities seen en route are described in the Guide Book as follows : North River : Gansevoort Market, site of First State Prison and old houses (R. 8: i, 7, 8) ; Aquarium, Battery Park and islands (R. 4) ; Custom House and Bowling Green (R. i : 4, 5). East River: Jeannette Park (R. 3: 33, 34), Navy Yard and Martyrs' Tomb (R. 37: 9, 10); Corlaer's Hook Park (R. 13: 28) ; Kip's Bay, Shot Tower, Smith and Schermerhorn Houses, East River Island and Hell Gate (R. 20) ; Hallett's Point and Astoria (R. 45) ; Horn's Hook, East River Park and Gracie House (R. 20) ; sites of Bronck and Gouverneur Morris Houses (R. 31 : 49, 50). Harlem River: Macomb's Dam (Central) Bridge (R. 30: 25); Washington's Headquarters, High Bridge and Fort George (R. 23: 47, 50, 53); Hall of Fame, New York University (R. 30: 30) ; Inwood and Marble Hill ( R. 27 and 28). The Ship Canal: Spuyten Duyvil (29 a); Cold Spring and the north end of Man!iattan (R. 28b: 93-95). Hudson River: Fort Tryon (R. 26); Fort Washington and Fort Washington Point (R. 24 and 25) ; Fort Lee, N. J. (R. 19 Side Trip) ; Clarcmont, Grant's Tomb, Columbia University 360 Water SPECIAL ROUTES Routes (R. 19: 3, 7, 9); Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (R. i(S : 5 ); DeWitt Clinton Park (R. 18: C). JVritc Sight Seeing Yachts for itinerary^ hours, etc. F. Ferry to College Point from East Ninety-ninth Street; boats leave Manhattan hourly in summer and at 9, 11, 3 and 5 in winter. (R. 33, 45, 44 and 51 E.) G. U. S. Government Boat to Forts Schuyler and Totten, IVillet's Point, Fort Slocum and David's Island, from Pier 12, East River, foot of Wall Street, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday 9 a. m. A party of not more than fifteen adults may secure a pass in advance from the Commandant, Fort Schuyler. (R. 33.) 361 HISTORICAL GUIDE III. CARRIAGE AND AUTOMOBILE ROUTES. MANHATTAN. The Fifth Avenue and the Pennsylvania motor buses give good opportunities (lo cents) to see central and upper Manhattan. As routes are subject to change, it is impossible here to name consecutive points of historic interest, but Excursion No. V (p. 102) will aid in locating the most important. The lines of Sight Seeing Coaches and Automobiles have various uptown and downtown routes and a lecturer who explains points of in- terest, chiefly modern. Excursions Nos. I, V and VII cover the chief routes. THE BRONX. (Prepared by P-andall Comport, 1913) A. EASTERN BRONX. Figures correspond with those in Excursion No. IX (p. 179) Cross the Harlem River by the Willis Avenue Bridge at First Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Street, passing at the Bronx end the sites of Jonas Bronck's homestead (50), and the Gouverneur and Lewis Morris Mansions (49). Follow Southern Boulevard to St. Ann's Avenue ; turn north to One Hundred and Fortieth Street, passing St, Ann's Church (48) at One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street ; turn west to the Southern Boulevard and follow it north to Hunt's Point Avenue. Turn here to the right, crossing old Lafayette Lane (now Avenue, 52) and going as far as Joseph Rodman Drake Park (56). The old Hunt Mansion (58) is at the extreme end of Hunt's Point. Returning to the Southern Boulevard, continue north to Westchester Avenue; follow this north for side trip to Clason's Point (86); take Clason's Point Road, passing on the right St. Peter s Rectory and Church 99, 98) in old Westchester Village (96) ; the old Causezvay (96) was near Westchester Square. To visit Port Schuyler and other points on Throgg's Neck, follow 362 Automobile SPECIAL ROUTES Routes Fort Schuyler Road, east from Westchester Square (seven miles, round trip; 89, 90, 91). Or follow Westchester Avenue north from Westchester Square, pass- ing Spy Oak and Paul House (94, 95). From here a detour may be made to see the Ferris Mansion (92) in the grounds of the Westchester Country Club. Side Trip to City Island ; from the end of Westchester Avenue, con- tinue north on the Eastern Boulevard across Pelham Bridge to Bartow station. Take City Island Road to City Island to see Macedonia Hotel (106) and other points on Route 34 (six miles round trip). Returning to Bartow follow Pelham Bridge Road north from Bartow ; turn to left at Split Rock Road, passing Split Rock (113) and other points in Route 34. At the end of Route 34, follow Columbus Avenue (old Boston Post Road) south to St. Paul's Churchy Eastchesfer (132) and the Crawford Tavern; continue past Halsey House and Old Point Comfort Inn (130). To see the Seton Cave and Mansion (128) follow Two Hundred and Thirty-third Street. To reach New Rochelle, follow the Boston Road north. To reach Manhattan follow the Boston Road South. WESTERN BRONX. Cross the Harlem River by Washington Bridge at One Hundred and Eighty-first Street into the Bronx ; turn north on Aqueduct Avenue, passing on the left the Lewis G. Morris Mansion (29a) ; at University Avenue turn left to visit New York University and the Hall of Fame, etc. (30). Returning follow Aqueduct Avenue north to Kingsbridge Road, pass- ing the Fordham Manor Reformed Church (32). Turn east to pass the Poe Cottage and Poe Park (69). At Fordham Square follow Pel- ham Avenue to Bronx Park ; the Zoological Park is toward the south, the entrance for automobiles is east of the Southern Boulevard : return to Pelham Avenue, cross the Bronx River ; turn to the left at the sign board through the Botanical Garden, passing the Lorillard Mansion Museum (77) ; continuing north, take the first turn to the west past the Botanical Museum (72) and follow Mosholu Parkway, passing the Isaac Varian Homestead (36) on the right; enter Van Cortlandt Park, descend the hill, continue northwest under the railroad tracks to visit the Van Cortlandt Mansion Museum (4). The Van Cortlandt Vault HISTORICAL GUIDE (ii) is on the hill under the trees to the north, and the old Hadley House (15) faces the Park west of Broadway. At Two Hundred and Forty-second Street, follow Spuyten Duyvil Parkway to Spuyten Duyvil, passing the Cozvboy Oak (23) Hudson Monument and the Berrian House (24). Return to Broadway or follow Riverdale revenue north to Valentine Lane to see the Washington Chestnut (17) and Valentine House (18). To return to Manhattan, follow Riverdale Avenue or Broadway, passing the Macomb Mansion (2) at Two Hundred and Thirtieth Street; see to the west old King's Bridge. BROOKLYN. Prospect Park, Flatbush and Flatlands. Follow Routes 38, 39, 40 and return from the Magaw Homestead via Ocean Avenue. Fort Hamilton, New Utrecht and Prospect Park. Shore Road through Bay Ridge to Fort Hamilton, then follow Routes 42, 43 and 43a ; return via Twenty-second Avenue and Ocean Parkway to Prospect Park and reverse Route 38. QUEENS. Long Island City, Woodside and Corona. Queensboro Bridge or Thirty-fourth Street Ferry to Long Island City; follow Borden Avenue to Jackson Avenue, see milestones, Riker, Purdy and Lent Farmhouses (R. 47) ; turn at Thompson Avenue into Elmhurst (R. 49). Astoria to North Beach. Astoria Ferry and follow R. 45 to the Lawrence burial ground (33) ; continue on Winthrop Avenue or the Old Bowery Road to the Moore House (R. 44: 8) and follow Route 44 to North Beach. Flushing and Jamaica. Astoria Ferry, Fulton Street, Eastern Boulevard, Franklin Street, Flushing Avenue to Flushing; then follow Route 51 A; from Flushing take Main or Jamaica Avenue to Jamaica, then follow Route 52. RICHMOND. The routes in Richmond (53-60) arc best covered by carriage, al- though many roads are suitable for automobiles. 364 365 NOTES 366 NOTES 367 NOTES 368 APPENDICES A. The Milestones and the Old Post Road. B. Historical Moiiuments, Statues and Tablets. C. Notable Historic Buildings. D. Museums, Libraries and Collections. E. Historic Trees, Rocks and other Objects. 369 p HISTORICAL GUIDE POST ROADS AND MILESTONES. By George W. Nash, M D. The associations of highways and milestones is so intimate that ^ a few words may be said of milestones in general. These stones, which now call forth a merely sentimental interest, were considered by our forefathers a necessity. In 1788 the State of New York passed the following: ''As milestones are a great public convenience, removing or damaging any milestone is punishable by a line of three pounds for such damage, part to go to the informant, part to be ap- plied to the repair of the damage, and a third part to be paid to the overseers of the town in which the offence shall be committed." If unable to pay a fine, the party was to suffer thirty days' imprison- ment. This law still remains in effect except that a term of im- prisonment of two years may be imposed. No less person than Benjamin Franklin selected the positions for many milestones along the highways, when as Postmaster General, in a specially contrived wagon, he measured off the miles at which the stones should be erected. Some of these so-called Franklin ^Milestones are still standing, one of them being on the ]\Iilford Road in Stratford, Conn. The first two or three milestones in Manhattan are of white stone, then a brown stone is used the rest of the way up the river until Red Hook is reached, when again a white stone is used. While mostly Arabic numerals are used in milestone inscriptions, occasionally we find the Roman numbers, as on the XXIV milestone at Scarsdale, N. Y. In early days the people of New Amsterdam felt the need of com- ^ munication with the outer world, especially with their neighbors and [ kinspeople at Fort Orange. In the winter when the rivet was frozen over, it was a comparatively easy matter to arrange this communica- tion, although the post carrier's task was anything but a pleasant one as he skirted the shores of the wilderness and rounded the points . through the gorges against the cold north wind, while skating his lonely way to Albany, with Indians often lurking along the route. Something more permanent was needed, and in 1669, the Albany 371 Milestones HISTORICAL GUIDE and Post Roads Post Road was established. This was so successful that three years later a road was opened from New York to Boston, by order of Governor Lovelace. On January i, 1673, a mounted post was in- stituted, among the multifarious duties being the carrying of the mails; it was not until 1772 that a stage coach appeared carrying passengers at the rate of four pence a mile. At that time the City Hall was on Wall Street, at the corner of Nassau, where now stands the Sub-Treasury. Broadway up to St. Paul's was opened mainly to reach the Post Road where Park Row now begins, any further development of the street being undreamed of, even to accommodate the outlying farms along the Hudson. From the site of the Post Office the Post Road ran through Park Row, up the Bowery and Fourth Avenue to Madison Square (Excursion V, Section H) whence it turned and twisted northward over toward the East River, then doubled on itself. About Eighty-sixth Street it en- tered the boundaries of the present Central Park, went through Mc- Gown's Pass ; thence continued more or less steadily to the northwest until it struck the lines of Broadway and Kingsbridge Road, when it went soberly a]>ong to the toll bridge over Spuyten Duyvil Creek (Excursion IV, 2). After getting well over the bridge, the road soon separated into the Albany Post Road, following Broadway through Yonkers and up the river; and the Boston Post Road, going up the hill to the right across to Williamsbridge, thence across country through Eastchester to New Rochelle, and beyond to Boston. So long ago as the English occupation, the people of New York, feeling crowded, overflowed into Harlem, whence the Dutch farmers casting their eyes across the Kills, saw a country " fair to look upon." Means of getting across were soon considered and a ferry established connecting with the road to Harlem which branched off from the Post Road at Central Park. (Excursion IV, Section i). This ferry was at about Third Avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-first Street and a bridge was built in 1795. As the lower Bronx section across the Kills grew, old trails were developed, the early Westchester Path becoming a Post Road, following the line of Third Avenue and Boston Road to Bronx Park and then northeast, until it joined the early road some distance above, thus making quite a cut-off from New York to this junction, saving the long detour around Kingsbridge. Lonely as the road was, it was not without interesting features. Hardly had the traveler left the starting point when he arrived at the first Kissing Bridge, near Chat- ham Square; then came the milestones telling slowly, but steadily, the 372 Milestones POST ROADS and Post Roads progress made, and^ as taverns and road houses were always con- venient, there was ever a place for rest and refreshment. Among the old road houses may be mentioned the Bull's Head Tavern, near the first milestone, where the friends of the traveler who had ac- companied him thus far, drank to his health and safety on his jour- ney to the wilderness beyond. At the second milestone, where Cooper Union now stands, was the Bowery Village Church. Cato's Road House at Fifty-second Street was a noted hostelry; at Seventy-second Street was another Kissing Bridge. That part of the road near McGown's Pass has a special interest from its connection with the march of the British before the Battle of Harlem Heights and the presence of Forts Clinton and Fish. At the bridge across Spuyten Duyvil Creek, also a Kissing Bridge, there was a celebrated tavern well described by Madame Knight where sleighing parties came out from town for their frolics. Thence the traveler on either of the diverging . Post Roads had more time for the enjoyment of the scenery, as the evidences of civilization faded away and the wilderness opened before him broken only occasionally by village or hamlet. According to the old maps there was, starting from the City Hall in Wall Street, a stone for every mile in what is now Manhattan and the Bronx. With the erection of the present City Hall (1803-12) . these milestones were replaced to bring them in conformity with the new starting point.' This accounts for the apparent discrepancies in their names. Some of the milestones have disappeared, whilt others have had a varied experience. Some of the stones have been used by bill posters ; one was rescued from a police station and now stands in good surroundings not at all embarrassed by the falsehood showing on its face ; another was removed from a tottering position in a neglected section of the road and now occupies a place safe from destruction; one stone that stood in the way of public improve- ment was apparently improved off the earth ; another reposes in a back yard uptown, while still another has its resting place in a cellar. * Milestones in Manhattan. 1. Bowery, opposite Rivington Street. 2. Third Avenue, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets. 4. Third Avenue and Fifty-seventh Street. 5. Third Avenue and Seventy-seventh Street. 7. Third Avenue and One Hundred and Seventeenth Street. 373 Milestones HISTORICAL GUIDE and Post Roads 7. Another stone, now stored at 107 West One Hundred and Twenty- second Street. (The dupHcate 7 Milestone was probably on the eastern Post Road after it branched ofif the old Post Road near Central Park.) 9. One Hundred and Fifty-second Street, between Amsterdam and St. Nicholas Avenues. 10. 561 West One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Street. 11. In Roger Morris Park (see p. 159). 12. At entrance to Isham Park (see p. 175). Milestones in the Bronx 10. One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Street and Boston Road. 13. Boston Road, near Pelham Parkway (this stone has lately dis- 'appcared and may be in the vicinity). 15. Boston Road, near Eastchester (1911 placed in Bronx Borough Hall). 15. Albany Avenue, near Spuyten Duyvil Parkway (see p. 184). Milestones in Brooklyn At Sheepshead Bay, corner of Neck Road and Ryder's Lane. In- scription reads: ''8 Miles and ( ) quarters to Brocl land Ferry." At Van Pelt Manor, New Utrecht ; has two inscriptions : one reads : **8^ mile to N. York Ferry This Road To Denys's Ferry Mile." The other reads, "loVz Mile to N. York Ferry This Road. To Jamaica 15 Mile." At King's Highway, within fence line, left side, 100 feet from Ocean Avenue. Inscription : "6 Mile to Ye Ferry." Milestones In Queens. (All between Long Island City and Flushing.) At Jackson Avenue, near Grinnell Avenue : "5 Miles to 34th Street Ferry, i Mile to Flushing Bridge." At Jackson, near Kelly Avenue : ''3 Miles to 34th Street Ferry, 3 Miles to Flushing Bridge." At Jackson, near Hulst Avenue : "2 Miles to 34th Street Ferry, 4 Miles to Flushing Bridge." Milestone in Richmond. Formerly at corner of Signs Road and Richmond Turnpike, now at 154 Stuyvesant Place, in the Museum of the Staten Island Asso- ciation of Arts and Sciences. Inscription reads: "( ) miles to N. Yorke." 374 MILESTONES. MILESTONES IN BLOOMINGDALE. By Hopper Striker Mott. Little attention, if any, has been given to the two lines of mile- stones along the Bloomingdale Road. The first stone was about op-» posite the present Twenty-fourth Street, at the junction of the Post Road. This advertisement from the Columbian of June 6, 1815, has been found : " A stray steer was found on the premises of the subscriber on the 5th of August last. The owner may have the said steer by proving property and paying all reasonable charges. " Isaac Varian Jun. " Bloomingdale — 3 mile stone." This also fixes the Bloomingdale name as extending as far south as Twenty-third Street. The fourth stone must have been at about Forty-fourth Street and we have this advertisement from the Mercantile Advertiser of December 10, 1814, confirming the location there : To let for one or more years, the farm at Bloomingdale, near the four mile stone, known by the name of Eden's Farm, consisting of about 22 acres of land, on which are two dwelling houses and 2 farms and to which may be added 2 pieces of pasture land of about 10 acres each. Apply to John Jacob Astor, cor. Pine and Pearl Streets." This farm was owned by Medcef Eden, an Englishman, and ex- tended as far south as Forty-first Street. It was acquired by Astor under foreclosure in 1803 for $25,000. So much for the distances from Wall Street. The evidences for saying that there was a second series marking the distance from the City Hall is as follows : We have personally seen a stone which stood on the Road at Fifty-fourth Street, during our boyhood, which was marked " Four miles from N. Y." In John Austin Stevens' notes to the History of the Chamber of Commerce, p. 314, he says: ''The five mile stone stands near the corner of Seventy-fourth Street and the Bloomingdale Road, opposite 375 Milestones HISTORICAL GUIDE in Bloomingdale grounds lately owned by Pelatiah Perit (20tli President of the Chamber) and the 6 mile stone near Ninety-sixth Street, in front of the property of Dr. Williams." The Evening Post announced that John Moir opened the Bloom- ingdale Academy in 1815, located 5 miles from the city, on the Bloom- ingdale Road. This was at Seventy-fourth Street. Samuel Beman, A. M., opened a boarding school for small boys in 1838 at the six mile stone, situated " on Dr. Valentine Motf s beauti- ful mansion grounds." The house stood at Ninety-fourth Street. . The 7 mile stone was at One Hundred and Sixteenth Street and the 8 at One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Street, a half mile south of the junction of the Bloomingdale and Kingsbridge Roads at One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street. 376 HISTORICAL GUIDE ADDENDA, 1912 (From a theatre programme of *'The African Company") THEATRE in Mercer Street In the rear of the i Mile Stone Broadway The African Co., etc. Harper's Magazine, Junc-Nov., 1889, P- I33 As historians know nothing of a theatre here, this was probably a company of negro amateurs who played in New York in 1820-21. Old residents remember a milestone in front of old St. Thomas' Church, Broadway and Houston Street. In tearing down an old residence in Greenwich at 102 Christopher Street in 1910 a block of brown stone 2^2 feet long, 10 inches wide and 9 inches thick was discovered (now at 380 Bleecker Street) bearing the inscription, "9 Miles from Camp," and at the bottom some unde- cipherable figures. It is doubtful whether "Camp" refers to a camp of Revolutionary days or to some popular roadhouse in upper ?^Ianhattan. The Board of Aldermen has, by special enactment, transferred to the City History Club the care and maintenance of the milestones* in Manhattan, and the Club expects to receive similar jurisdiction in the other boroughs. Through a "Milestone Committee," the 15th Milestone, near Van Cortlandt Mansion (p. 184), has been firmly reset in its former location, thus saving it from destruction, and the nth Milestone of Manhattan has been removed to Roger Morris Park and marked by a tablet (p. 159)- Plans are now under way for the care of other stones in Manhattan and at Van Pelt Manor, New Utrecht. No. 9 Manhattan and the Richmond stone are already protected (pp. 151, 327), one by private means, the other through a historical society. ^ The City History Club obtains the means for this work by a volun- tary tax paid by children enrolled in its study clubs. See articles in the Outlook (June 24, 1909), ''Along the Hudson in Stage Coach Days"; Westchester County (N. Y.) Magazine^ "Some Westchester County Milestones" and "Some Bronx Milestones." 37^^a NOTES. 376b APPENDIX B. HISTORICAL MONUMENTS, STATUES AND TABLETS. Monuments and Statues in Manhattan, N. B. Those in cemeteries and churchyards and within buildings' are, as a rule, omitted. See Addenda, pp. 389-390. Columbus Colunm, at the Circle, Fifty-ninth Street and Eighth Avenue; has reliefs by Gaetano Russo; presented by Italian citizens of the city. R. 17. Firemen* s Monument, Hudson Park, to some Volunteer Firemen; erected by members of Eagle Fire Engine Company, No. 13. R. 8. Grant's Tomb, Riverside Drive, near One Hundred and Twenty- second Street; erected by popular subscription, under the care of the Grant Monument Association. R. 19. Martyrs' Monument, Trinity Churchyard; erected by the Trinity Corporation to the memory of American patriots who died in British Revolutionary prisons. R. 2. Mural Monument to Major-General Richard Montgomery, under, the Broadway Portico of St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway and Fulton Street. R. 6. Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Riverside Drive and Eighty- ninth Street; erected by the city to the heroes of the Civil War. R. 18, Washington Arch, Washington Square; designed by Stanford White; erected by popular subscription on the one hundredth an- niversary of the inauguration of Washington. R. 10. Worth Momiment, Broadway and Twenty-fifth Street; designed by Jas. C. Batterson; erected by the Corporation of the City. R. 15. Sculptured Pediment, N. Y. C. and H. R. R. R. Freight Station, Hudson Street, to the railroad achievements of Vanderbilt. R. 9. ' Chester A. Arthur, Madison Square, designed by G. E. Bissell. R. 15. Bust of Edwin Booth, 70 West Twenty-third Street, marking the site of Booth's Theatre. R. 15. Simon Bolivar, at the West Eighty-first Street entrance to Central Park; by De La Cora, the gift of the people and the Government of Venezuela. Roscoe Conkling, Madison Square; by J. Q. A. Ward. R. 15. 377 s Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE Dewitt Clinton: (i) 52-56 Broadway; by J. Massey Rhind. R. i; (2) Hall of Records; by Philip Martiny. R. 5; (3) Chamber of Commerce, 65 Liberty Street, R. 7. Cadzvalader Colden, Hall of Records; by Philip Martiny. R. 5. Columbus: (i), Central Park, near the Eighth Avenue and Fifty- ninth Street entrance; (2), Mall, Central Park; a replica of Sunors statue ; erected by the New York Genealogical and Biographical So- ciety; (3), McGown's Pass Tavern, Central Park. 6'. S. Cox, Astor Place; by Louise Lawson; erected by the letter- carriers of the United States. R. 11. Peter Cooper, in front of Cooper Union, Fourth Avenue and Bow- ery; by St. Gaudens ; erected by popular subscription. R. 11. William E. Dodge, Broadway and Thirty-sixth Street; by J. Q. A. Ward; erected by the merchants of the city. Abraham de Peyster, Bowling Green; Geo. E. Bissell, sculptor; erected by John Watts de Peyster. R. i. Mayor James Duane, Hall of Records ; by Philip Martiny. R. 5. David P. De Vries, Hall of Records ; by Philip Martiny. R. 5. John Ericsson, Battery Park; by J. Scott Hartley; erected by the Corporation of the City. R. 4. Admiral Farragut, Madison Square; by St. Gaudens; presented by the Farragut Memorial Association. R. 15. Benjamin Franklin: (i). Printing House Square; by Plassman; presented by Captain Albert De Groot. R. 5; (2), in front of the Staats Zeitung Building, Spruce and William Streets. R. 5. Horace Greeley (i). Printing House Square; by J. Q. A. Ward; erected by private subscription. R. 5; (2), Broadway and Thirty- third Street (Greeley Square); by Alexander Doyle; erected by a Grand Army Post and Typographical Union. Gutenberg: (i), on the Staats Zeitung Building, William and Spruce Streets. R. 5; (2), Hoe Building, Grand and Sheriff Streets. R. 13. Garibaldi, Washington Square; by Giovanni Turini; erected by Italian residents of New York City. R. 10. Alexander J-^aniilton: (i), on the Chamber of Commerce, 65 Lib- erty Street; presented by John S. Kennedy. R. 7; (2), near Hamilton Hall, Columbia University; by Ordway Partridge. R. 19; (3), bust on the duelling ground at Weehawken. R. 18; (4), on the West Drive, near the Metropolitan Museum, Central Park; by Conradts; presented by his son, John C. Hamilton. 378 HISTORICAL STATUES Manhattan Bust of Richard M. Hunt, Fifth Avenue and Seventieth Street; by D. C. French; the gift of several art societies. Bust of Alexander L. Hollcy, inventor of Bessemer steel, in Wash- ington Square; by J. Q. A. Ward; erected by Mechanical Engineers of Europe and America. R. lo. Henry Hudson, 52-56 Broadway; by J. Massey Rhind. R. I. Nathan Hale, City Hall Park; by MacMonnies. R. 5. Caleb Heathcote, Hall of Records ; by Philip Martiny. R. 5. IVinfield Hancock, in Hancock Square, St. Nicholas Avenue and - One Hundred and Twenty-third Street ; erected by members of the Grand Army of the Republic. Bust of Washington Irving, Bryant Park; by Beer; presented by Joseph Wiener. R. 17. John Jay, Chamber of Commerce, 65 Liberty Street. R. 7. ^afayette, Union Square; by Bartholdi; presented by French resi- dents. R. 14. Lincoln, Union Square; by H. K. Browne; erected by popular sub- scription under the auspices of the Union League Club. R. 14. Bust of Mazcini, W^est Drive, Central Park; by Turini; presented by Italian residents. 6'. F. B. Morse, Central Park, near the East Seventy-second Street entrance ; by Byron M. Pickett ; erected by the telegraphic craft. Peter Stuyvesant: (r), 52-56 Broadw^ay; by J. Massey Rhind. R. i; ' (2), Hall of Reco?^ds; by Philip Martiny. R. 5; (3), effigy, outer wall of St. Mark's-in-the-Bow^ery, Second Avenue and Tenth Street. R. II. /. Marion Sims, Bryant Park; by Miller; erected by public sub- scription. R. 17. Wm. T. Sherman, Plaza entrance to Central Park; by St. Gaudens; erected under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce. R. 17. \Vm. H. Seward, Madison Square ; by Randolph Rogers. R. 15. General Frans Sigel, Riverside Drive and One Hundred and Sixth Street ; by Karl Bitter, erected by public subscription. ^ Washington: (i). Union Square; by H. K. Browne; erected by popular subscription. R. 14; (2), Sub Treasury; by J. Q. A. Ward; erected by public subscription under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce. R. 2; (3), Washington and Lafayette, Manhattan Av- enue and One Hundred and Fourteenth Street ; by Bartholdi and the gift of C. B. Rouss. 379 Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE Daniel Webster, West Drive, near Seventy-second Street, Central Park; by Thos. Ball; the gift of Gordon W. BurnhaVi. Allegorical Statuary. Statue of Liberty, Bedloe's or Liberty Island; by Bartholdi; paid for by popular subscription in France, the pedestal by popular sub- scription in America. R. 4. The Pilgrim, Central Park, near the East Seventy-second Street entrance; by J. Q. A. Ward; presented by the New England Society of the City of New York. The Seventh Regiment (a figure of a private soldier of this com- mand), on the West Drive of Central Park, near the Seventy-second Street entrance ; by J. Q. A. Ward ; erected in commemoration of those members who fell during the Civil War. Recording of the Purchase of Manhattan^ Hall of Records; by Albert Weinert. R. 5- The Consolidation of Greater New York, Hall of Records; by Al bert Weinert. R. 5. The Movement of American Commerce, pediment of the Stock Exchange; by J. Q. A. Ward. R. 3. Groups representing Asia, Africa, Europe and America, on Custom House; by D. C. French. Above the cornice are statues representing France, England, Germany, Scandinavia, Spain, Portugal, Holland Venice, Genoa, Phoenicia, Greece and Rome; by Elwell, Gelert, Grae- fly, Jacques, Lukeman, Louis St. Gaudens and Tonetti. Tablets in Manhattan. Period of the Dutch Occupation. 41 Broadway, iirst white men's houses in Manhattan; Holland So- ciety. R. I. Collector's Office, Custom House, Fort Amsterdam. R. i. Middle Dut-^h Church, Seventh Street and Second Avenue, Church of St. Nicholas in Fort Amsterdam and the original Middle Church on Exchange Place. R. 11. Within the Middle Dutch Reformed Church, to Minuit, Krol, Huyck and Michaelius, officers of the original church. R. 11. 380 HISTORICAL TABLETS Manhattan Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, Forty-eighth Street and Fifth Avenue, the Church in the Fort. R. 17. 23 Whitehall Street, house of Domine Bogardus and Anneke Jans Bogardus; Knickerbocker Chapter, D. A. R. R. i. 73 Pearl Street, Stadt Huys; Holland Society. R. 3. Thirteenth Street and Third Avenue, Peter Stuyvesanfs pear tree; Holland Society. R. 11. Wall of Jewish Cemetery, Oliver Street and New Bowery, iirst Jczcish Cemetery and a Revolutionary fort; American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society and the Jewish Historical Society. R. 12. 8-10 Pearl Street, first Dutch settlers; Holland Dames of New Netherlands. R. i. 8-10 Peck Slip, Warehouse of Isaac Allerton; General Society of Mayflower Descendants. R. 7. Period of the English Occupation to 1765. Battery Park, opposite Custom House (Fort George Monument) ; southwest bastion of Fort George; Corporation of the City of New York, replaced under the auspices of the American Scenic and His- toric Preservation Society and the New York Historical Society. R. i. East wall of Produce Exchange, First Huguenot Church; Huguenof Society of Americ:i. R. i. 81 Pearl Street, -first printing press in New York; New York His- torical Society. R. 3. Cotton Exchange, Hanover Square, New York Gazette, the first New York newspaper ; New York Historical Society. R. 3. Murray Street and W^est Broadway, Kings College. R. 6. Mutual Life Building, Nassau and Cedar Streets, Middle Dutch Church; Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. R. 7. Schieren Building, Cliff and Ferry Streets, the Old Swamp; Hide and Leather Association of New York. R. 7. ^ First Presbyterian Church, old Presbyterian Church in JJ^all Street. R. 14. 381 Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE Period of the Revolution, 1765-1783. I Broadway, Kennedy House and the Statue of George III; Sons of the Revolution. R. i. Fraunces Tavern, 54 Pearl Street, (i) Frederick Samuel Tallmadge; Sons of the Revolution; (2), in the Long Room, establishment of the Chamber of Commerce, meeting of the Committee of Correspondence and Washington's Farewell; Sons of the Revolution. R. 3. Broad and Beaver Streets, exploits of Marinus Willett; Sons of the Revolution. R. 3. City Hall, Reading of Declaration of Independence to the Army; Sons of the Revolution. R. 5. Within the General Post Office, Liberty Pole and Battle of Golden Hill; Mary Washington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. 5. Thames Street and Broadway, De Lanc'ey House {Burns* Coffee House)y City Hotel, signing of Non-Important Agreement (?); Hol- land Society of New York. R. 6. Sub-Treasury, Washington in prayer at Valley Forge; Lafayette Post No. 140, G. A. R. R. 2. Park space. Park Avenue and Thirty-seventh Street, Murray House, scene of Mrs. Murray's detention of British officers; Knickerbocker Chapter, D. A. R. R. 17. 1497 Broadway, meeting of Washington and Putnam, September 15, 1776; Sons of the Revolution. R. 18. Engineering Building, Columbia University, Battle of Harlem Heights; Sons of the Revolution. R. 19. Park Space, One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street and Broad- way, first line of defences in the Revolution; Washington Heights Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. R. 23. Wall of Trinity Cemetery, Broadway and One Hundred and Fifty- third Street, defences of the Revolution ; Sons of the Revolution. R. 23. 38J HISTORICAL TABLETS Manhattan One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Street and Broadway, third line of defences in the Revolution; Mary Washington Col. Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. R. 23. Washington's Headquarters (Roger Morris, Jumel Mansion), Headquarters of Washington; Washington Heights Chapter, D. A. R. R. 23. Washington's Headquarters, acquisition of the building and grounds for a museum; Park Department. R. 23. Fort Washington Avenue, near One Hundred and Eighty-third . Street, Fort Washington; James Gordon Bennett. R. 24. Fort Washington Avenue, near One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Street, Fort Tryon; C. K. G. Billings and the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. R. 26. Within Holy rood Church, 179th Street and Fort Washington Avenue, exploit of Margaret Corbin; ]\Iary Washington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. 24. Within the Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street, soldiers and sailors of the Revolution; Daugh- ters of the Revolution, State of New York. R. 17. Under barred window on Rhinelander Building, Rose and Duane Streets, Cuyler-Rhinelander Sugar House. R. 7. City Hall Park, near Bridge Terminal, Provost Prison; Mary Wash- ington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. 5. 23 Whitehall Street, Whitehall Ferry, scene of Washington's de- parture in 1782; Mary Washington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. i. Modern Period, since 1783. Sub-Treasury, Ordinance of 1787; Ohio Company of Associates. R. 2. Within the Sub-Treasury, inscribed slab on which Washington stood zvJiile delivering his first inaugural address. R. 2. Within St. Paul's Chapel, Centennial of Washington's inauguration; the Aisle Committee at services held in St. Paul's Chapel. R. 6. ' Within St. Paul's Chapel, One Hundredth Anniversary of Wash- ington's death. R. 6. Brooklyn Bridge Pier, Franklin Square, First Presidential Mansion; Mary Washington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. 7. 383 Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE Hamilton Grange, home of Alexander Hamilton; Washington Heights Chapter, D. A. R. R. 23. German Reformed Church, Baron Steuben. R. 20. William and Wall Streets, cornerstone of the Bank of New York. R. 2. Directors' Room, Life Insurance and Trust Company, 52 Wall Street, cornerstone of the United States Branch Bank. R. 2. 56 Wall Street, Morris Robinson and the establishment of the business of modern life insurance in America; Canadian Society of New York. R. 2. Within City Hall, two inscribed marble slabs transferred from the top course of the coping of City Hall, giving names of the Building Committee, architect, stone cutter, masons, etc., and a tablet in com- memoration of these being placed here on the 250th anniversary of the City Charter. R. 5. Block House No. Central Park, defences of the War of 1812; Woman's Auxiliary to the American Scenic and Historic Preserva- tion Society. R. 21. Block House No. 3, Morningside Park and One Hundred and Twenty-third Street, defences of War of 1812; Woman's Auxiliary to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. R. 19. Near McGown's Pass, Central Park, Fort Clinton and McGown's Pass; children of the City History Club. R. 21. Aquarium, acquisition of Castle Garden for a Museum; Park De- partment. R. 4. Aquarium, Battery Park, or.tside wall, near entrance: Events in con- nection ZL'ith the history of tlic building ; erected in 1909 by the New York Zoological Society. P. 38. R. 4. Fayerweather Hall, Columbia University, defences of the War of 1812; Empire State Society, Daughters of 1812. R. 19. 90 Pearl Street, Hre of 1835. R- 3- 136 Fulton Street, Shakespeare Tavern and organization of Seventh Regiment; Veterans of the Seventh Regiment. R. 7. Grove Street School, Lafayette's visit to the old school in 1824, Charles R. Lvimb. R. 8. Firemen's Monument, Hudson Park, acquisition by the city of St John's Cemetery for a public park. R. 8. 384 HISTORICAL TABLETS Manhattan Within Middle Dutch Reformed Church, /. C. Lanphicr, founder of Fulton Street Prayer Meeting. R. ii. 63 Prince Street, Gouverneur House, where President Monroe died ; Woman's Auxihary to the American Scenic and Historical Preser- vation Society. R. 13. Madison Avenue, between Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Streets, Colum- bia College. R. 17. 5 West Twenty-second Street, home of S. F. B. Morse. R. 15. Sidewalk, near wTst gate of Gramercy Park, gift of park land. R. 14. ^ University Place and Thirteenth Street, home of Ninth Regiment; Veterans of the Ninth Regiment. R. 14. North of Grant's Tomb, to the memory of General Grant; Li Hung Chang. R. 19. In Tompkins Square, to the memory of the victims of the S locum disaster; erected by popular subscription. R. 11. Within the Middle Dutch Reformed Church, to the memory of the victims of the Slocum disaster. R. 11. 50 Broadway, first skeleton frame steel structure; Society of Architecture and Ironmasters in New York. R. i. Twenty-second Street and Twelfth Avenue, Chelsea Improvement ; Dock Department. R. 16. Pavement in front of City Hall, first excavation for the Under- ground Railzuay. R. 5. City Hall Subway Station, completion of the first New York Sub- way. R. 5. West Street, near Bank Street, widening and improvement of IVest Street. R. 8. 38S The Bronx HISTORICAL GUIDE Monuments, Statues and Tablets in the Bronx. Henry Hudson Monument, Spuyten Duyvil Hill; erected by the Henry Hudson Monument Commission of the Bronx Citizens' Hudson- Fulton Celebration Commission. P. 183. Statue of Major-General Josiah Porter, north of Van Cortlandt Mansion; erected by the National Guard, State of New York. R. 29. Monument to the Founders of New York University, on the Uni- versity Campus. R. 30. Tablet on Van Cortlandt Mansion, historic events connected with the house; Colonial Dames of the State of New York. R. 29. Inscription on the window from the Rhinelander Sugar House stating its use as a Revolutionary prison; placed in Van Cortlandt Park; by J. F. Oakley Rhinelander. R. 29. Tablet on cairn in Van Cortlandt Park, near Mount Vernon Ave- nue and Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street, in memory of the Stockbridge Indians who aided the patriots in the Revolution; Bronx Chapter of the Mount Vernon (New York) Chapter, D. A. R. R. 29. Removed by vandals, 1912. Tablet on Glover's Rock, near Bartow, Pelham Neck, to mark the Battle of Pell's Point; Bronx Chapter of the Mount Vernon Chap- ter, D. A. R. R. 34. Inscription on the Macedonia Hotel, City Island, marking the British Frigate Macedonia; placed by the War Department. R. 34. Tablets in St. Ann's Church, St. Ann's Avenue and One Hundred and Fortieth Street, to the memory of the Morris family. R. 31. Tablet on Chemistry Building, New York University, near site of Fort No. Eight, to the men of the Revolution and Revolutionary de- fences near by; Sons of the Revolution. R. 30. Tablets in the Hall of Fame, New York University, to honor great Americans. R. 30. See p. 390a. Split Rock, Pelham Bay Park, in memory of Ann Marbury Hutch- inson; erected by the Colonial Dames, State of New York. R. 34. 386 HISTORICAL MONUMENTS Brooklyn Monuments and Statues in Brooklyn. Martyrs' Tomb, Fort Greene Park, to the victims of the old prison ships in the Wallabout. Maryland Monument, Lookout Hill, Prospect Park, in honor of Maryland's Four Hundred in the Battle of Long Island; presented by the Maryland Society, Sons of the American Revolution. R. 38. Monument to the United States soldiers who fell in China in 1856, Brooklyn Navy Yard. R. 37. Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Arch, main entrance to Prospect Park; by John H. Duncan, has reliefs by Power, quadriga by Mac- DMonnies; to the heroes of the Civil War. R. 38. Skene Monument, triangle north of Prospect Park Plaza, by J. Massey Rhind. Henry Ward Beecher, in front of Borough Hall; by J. Q. A. Ward. R. 36. General Fowler, Fort Greene Park. General Grant, Bedford Avenue, near Dean Street; by William Ordway Partridge; the gift of the Union League Club of Brooklyn. Alexander Hamilton, entrance to the Hamilton Club, Clinton and Remsen Streets. Washington Irving, Prospect Park, near the Italian Flower gar- den; the gift of Demas Barnes. Lincoln, Prospect Park, near the flower garden overlooking the lake; by popular subscription. Henry W. Maxwell, Prospect Park Plaza; by his friends. General Slocum, Bedford Street and Eastern Parkway; by Mac- Monnies. James S. T, Stranahan, Prospect Park; by subscription. Bust of Peter Turner, St. James Pro-Cathedral, Jay and Chapel Streets. R. 36. Major General Warren, Prospect Park Plaza; by Henry Baerer; presented by G. K. Warren Post No. 286, G. A. R. ^ Washington, Plaza, Williamsburg; H. W. Shrady; the gift of Ex- Register James R. Howe. R. 35a. 387 Queens HISTORICAL GUIDE Richmond Tablets in Brooklyn. Flatbush Dutch Reformed Church, Colonial and Revolutionary events in connection with the church; Colonial Daughters of the 17th Century. R. 39. Smith-Gray Building, Fulton Street and Flatbush Avenue, line of defence, Battle of Long Island; Sons of the Revolution. R. 37. Battle Pass, East Drive, Prospect Park, Valley Grove, and outer line of defence, Battle of Long Island. R. 38. Fifth Avenue and Third Street, V echte-Cortelyou House and Bat- tle of Long Island; Sons of the Revolution. R. 42. On Liberty Pole, in front of New Utrecht Dutch Reformed Church, Revolutionary Liberty Pole; Descendants of the Patriots who erected the first pole in 1783. R. 43. Borough Hall Subway Station, opening of the first Subway con- necting Manhattan and Brooklyn. R. 36. Monuments and Tablets in Queens, Soldiers' Monument, Flushing, to the heroes of the Civil War. R. 51. Tablet, within St. George's Church, Flushing, to Francis Lewis, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. R. 51. Tablet on boulder, opposite the Bowne House, Flushing, to mark site of Fox Oaks; Flushing Historical Society. R. 51. Soldiers' Monument, Jamaica, to Civil War heroes; by F. W. Ruckstuhl. Tablet in Grace Church, Jamaica, to John A. King, Governor of New York. Tablets in Richmond. Two tablets on either side of the flight of steps of Borough Hall, giving the dates of principal events in the Borough of Richmond. R. 53- Memorial slab on the Garibaldi House, Stapleton, to commemorate the residence of Garibaldi. R. 55- St. Andrew's Church, Richmond, in memory of Queen Anne's gift to the church. R. 58. 388 HISTORICAL GUIDE ADDENDA MANHATTAN Fulton JVater Gate and Monument, to be erected on Riverside Drive, between One Hundred and Fourteenth and One Hundred and Sixteenth streets, site possibly to be changed to one centring on One Hundred and Tenth Street; by subscription under the auspices of the Robert Fulton Monument Association. The architect, chosen b\ competition, is H. \'an Buren Magonigle, F.A.I. A. There will be a reception pavilion and a naval museum, connected by a peristyle and approached ' by a flight of steps from the water level. Recreation piers will extend into the river and enclose a harbor with landing stages. P. 139. Xational Maine Monument, at the Circle, Fifty-ninth Street and Eighth Avenue ; by subscription under the auspices of the National Maine Monument Association. P. 139. Carl Schur:: Memorial and Statue, Morningside Avenue and One Hundred and Sixteenth Street ; Karl Bitter : by public subscription under the auspices of the Carl Schurz Memorial Association. P. 140. Statue of William Cullen Bryant. Bryant Park: by Herbert Adams; erected by the Century Association. P. 138. Statue of .llcxandcr 7. Cassatt in Pennsylvania R. R. Terminal, Thirty-second Street and Seventh Avenue. George Dixon Memorial Fountain, Thompson Street, near Broome ^ Street. Statue of Fitz Gfcene Halleck, Central Park, unveiled 1877. Bust of Postmaster Pearson in the Post Office, City Hall Park. R. 5. Statue of J^erracano, Battery Park: presented by Italian residents of New York. P. 38. Statue of General Wolfe, 52-56 Broadway: by J. Massey Rhind. R. i. Allegorical group — Indian Hunter zvith Dog, Mall, Central Park. Commemorative and allegorical statuary on the new Municipal Build- ing. P. 65. Firemen's Memorial Monument. Riverside Drive and One Hundredth Street ; the City of New York. / TABLETS: DUTCH PERIOD Custom House entrance staircase, to mark site of Fort Amsterdam, exploration of Hudson River^ founding of Nezv Amsterdam and estab- lishment of American independence : with an outline plan of the fort; New York State Societv, Order of Founders and Patriots of America. p. 37. Custom House rotunda : site of the first substantial chur^'h cdificf if} Manhattan; Holland Society. R. i. 389 . HISTORICAL GUIDE Court of Produce Exchange, facing Stone Street, site of first Dutch School; New York Schoolmasters' Club. P. 38. 48 Wall Street : site of a bastion in the old city wall; Society of Colonial Wars in the State of New York. P. 38. Exchange Alley and Broadway: ''Tuyn Paat" or ''Tin Pot Alley" ; Dr. Morgan Dix. R. i. 15 Maiden Lane : "Maagde Paatje" or the Maidens' Path ; Maiden Lane Historical Society. Pp. 61, 67. See 1912 Report American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Liberty Place: Liberty Place Inscription; Liberty Place Historical Society. New York University, Washington Square: Adam Roclantsen and other Dutch Schoolmasters. P. 83. Marble Collegiate Church, Eifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street: Church in the Fort. R. 15. ENGLISH PERIOD Custom House entrance: first Mass said in Manhattan ; Order of the Alhambra. P. 37. St. Peter's Church, Barclay Street: first Roman Catholic Church in Manhattan. P. 66. John Street Methodist Church : Captain Webb, Bishop Asbury, Bar- bara Heck, Philip Embury, S. S. Hadley, Bishop E. G. Andrews, Dr. W. H. De Puy, B. M. Tilton, etc. Pp. 62 and 67. Church du St. Esprit, 45 East Twenty-seventh Street: original Huguenot Church in Nczv York ; Huguenot Society of Am.erica. R. 15. Tulip Tree, Cold Spring, upper end of Manhattan. P. 174. REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD West Side Branch, Y. M. C. A., 318 West Fifty-seventh Street: Washington in prayer at Valley Forge. R. 17. South end of Viaduct, near West One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Street: the Hollow Way; Knickerbocker Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. P. 139. Within Historical Museum, College of the City of New York: the occupation of uiis region by the American Army after the Battle of Harlem Heights; Sons of the Revolution. P. 151. Fort Washington Point : inscription on boulder monument to mark Revolutionary redoubt; Fort Washington Chapter, Daughters of the American Re\*olution. P. 173. Two Hundred and Twenty-eighth Street and Marble Hill Avenue: inscription on flagstafif to mark Fort Prince Charles. R. 27. 390 HISTORICAL GUIDE MODERN PERIOD Within pedestal, Statue of Liberty: Emma Lazarus; Georgina Schuyler. P. 38. On memorial lantern, new Seamen's Institute, Coenties Slip: fidelity of officers and crew of the S. S. Titanic. P. 38. P. S. No. 2, 116 Henry Street: centenary of the founding of this school; Alumni Association. P. 102. On new Municipal Building, Center Street : arins of the city and province of New York. P. 65. Cooper Union: Peter Cooper, Abraham Lincoln and Charles Sprague Smith. P. loi. Fourth Avenue and Seventeenth Street: tablet and medallion head of William Lloyd Garrison. P. 138. Union Square Hotel,- Fourth Avenue: tablet and medallion head of Henry George. P. 138. North of Grant's Tomb: Japanese cherry trees and tablet to the memory of General Grant; gift of Japanese Government. P. 173. College of the City of New York: Edward M. Shepard. On kiosk. Riverside Drive and One Hundred and Fifty-first Street: Sailors of the New Hampshire, P. 173. Edgecombe Avenue and One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street: Foun- tain and Light Tower; erected 1894 by bequest of George Hooper. • P. 173- Fountain and Memorial Tablet, west end of Washington Bridge: Andrew Jackson; Andrew Jackson Chapter, National Society, U. S. Daughters of 1812. P. 173. BRONX Hall of Fame, New York University: bust of Robert Fulton above his tablet. P. 183. See full account of the Hall of Fame, list of tablets, etc., in the 1908, 191 1 and 1912 Reports of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. / Heine Monument and Fountain, One Hundred and Sixty-first Street and Mott Avenue: presented by German-American Societies. P. 199. Inscription on boulder in grounds of New York University, to mark exact site of Fort No. Eight. P. 189. Tablet to Andrew Haswell Green; Green Memorial Laboratory. New York University. Soldier's Monument, West Farms Presbyterian Churchyard; by sub- scription. P. 213. 390a ^ HISTORICAL GUIDE Tablet on gates at lower end of Buffalo Reservation, Zoological Garden, Bronx Park : Lydig Farm. Tablet for Fort No. One, on the Muschenheim residence; by Wm. C. Muschenheim. P. 183. Tablet to Jordan L. Mott, in Mott Memorial Church ; by the con- gregation. P. 198. Tablet to Anne Hutchinson on Split Rock, Pelham Bay Park; by Colonial Dames of the State of New York. R. 34. See 1912 Report American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, p. 163. Tablet on St. Paul's Church, Eastchester, giving an account of the church and village green; Empire State Society Sons of the American Revolution. R. 215. Two Stones in St. Paul's Churchyard, Eastchester, in memory of tJie American and Hessian soldiers buried here; Bronx Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. P. 215. BROOKLYN Tablet, Flatlands Reformed Church; Colonial Daughters of the Seven- teenth Century. P. 264. Inscription on Sidezvalk, Third Avenue and Seventh Street, in mem- ory of the Maryland Soldiers who fell and were buried here during the Battle of Long Island. P. 264. QUEENS Plaza, Queensboro Bridge, Long Island City: Lipton tablet on mast of America's Cup challenger, Shamrock 3, presented to the city by Sir Thomas J. Lipton. 1,000-ton shell from the battleship Maine in Londen Park, Corona, in honor of Hugo Kruse, a sailor from Corona who lost his life when the battleship was blown up in Havana in 1898. P. 314. Tablet in St. James Church, Flushing, to Rev. Wm. Urquhart, the first rector; Rev. Edward M. McGuffey. P. 314. Tablet in P. S. 35, Palatina Avenue, Hollis Heights: Gen. Nathaniel IVoodhull; Sons of the Revolution. P. 314. RICHMOND Statue of R. R. Randall, by St. Gaudcns, near entrance to Sailors' Snug Harbor. P. 350. Three tablets in St. Andrew's Church, Richmond: (i) Queen Anne; (2) the first rector, Rev. E. S. Mackenzie; (3) the fourteen later rectors, P. 350. 390b APPENDIX C. NOTABLE HISTORIC BUILDINGS STANDING (1912). MANHATTAN. Fraunces Tavern, 54 Pearl Street, built 1719 by Etienne De Lancey. Excursion VI, p. 39. Golden Hill Inn, 122-4 William Street, built about 1750. R. 7. St. Paxils Chapel, Broadway and Vesey Street, built 1764-6. R. 5. Washington's Headquarters (Roger Morris or Jumel Mansion). One Hundred and Sixty-second Street and Jumel Place, built shortly before the Revolution (1765), p. 156. St. Mark's-in-the-Bowery, Second Avenue and Tenth Street, built 1795-9. R. II. St. Johns Chapel, 46 Varick Street, built 1803-7. R- 9- St. Patrick's Church (formerly the Cathedral), Mott and Prince Streets, built 1809. R. 13. Hamilton Grange, One Hundred and Forty-first Street and Con- vent Avenue, built 1802-4. R. 23. Grade House, East River Park, near Eighty-eighth Street, built 1813. R. 20. Claremont, north end of Riverside Park, built shortly after the Revolution. R. 19. City Hall, City Hall Park, built 1803-12. R. 5. Aquarium (Castle Clinton or Southwest Battery), Battery Park, built 1807-11. R. 4. Fort Ja\ (Fort Columbus), Governor's Island, built about 181 1. R. 4. Castle Williams, Governor's Island, built about i8ri. R. 4. Southeast Battery, Governor's Island, built about 181 1. R. 4. ' Block House No. i, Central Park, built 1814. R. 21. Block House No. 3, Morningside Park and One Hundred and Twenty-third Street, built 1814. R. 19. United States Assay Office, 32 Wall Street, oldest Federal building in Manhattan, built 1823. R. 2. (About to be demolished.) St. Luke's Chapel, Hudson Street, opposite Grove Street, built 1821- 4. R. 8. 391 The Bronx HISTORICAL GUIDE Brooklyn St. Peter's Church, Barclay and Church Streets, the oldest Roman Catholic Church in Manhattan, built 1838-9. R. 6. Trinity Church, Broadway, opposite Wall Street, built 1839-46. R. 2. Bedford Street Church, corner of Morton Street, built 1840. R. 8. John Street Church, between William and Nassau Streets, successor to the oldest Methodist Church in America, built 1841. R. 7. Macomb Mansion, Broadway and Two Hundred and Thirtieth Street, built 1693. R. 29. Van Cortlandt Mansion, Van Cortlandt Park; built 1748. R. 29. Hunt Mansion, Hunt's Point, built 1688. R. 31. Ferris Mansion, Westchester County Club grounds, near Throgg's Neck. Pre-Revolutionary. R. 33. St, Paul's Church, Eastchester, built 1765. R. 34a. St. Peter's Church, Westchester, on the site of the church of 1700. Fordhani Manor Reformed Church, Kingsbridge Road and Aqueduct Avenue, in one of whose vaults Virginia Poe, wife of th^, poet, was buried. R. 30a. Poe Cottage, Kingsbridge Road, Fordham. R. 32. Schenck-Crooke House, Mill Lane, Flatlands, built about 1656. R. 40. Bergen Homestead, East Seventy-second Street, Bergen Beach, built about 1655. R- 40- Wyckoif House, Canarsie Lane and Remsen Place, Canarsie, built 1664. R. 41. Van Pelt Manor House, Eighty-first Street and Eighteenth Avenue, New Utrecht, built about 1664. R. 43. Van Brunt House, 1752 Eighty-fourth Street, built about 1660. R. Hicks-Platt House, Neck Road, Gravesend, built about 1660. R. 43a, and p. 265. Gerritsen Tide Mill, Gcrritscn's Creek, near Neck Road, on the site of the original mill of 1636. R. 40. Schenck House, Canarsie Park, built about 1770. R. 41. THE BRONX. R. 33 a. BROOKLYN. 392 Queens HISTORIC BUILDINGS Richmond Old Mill (now known as Van Wicklcn Mill), Old Mill Village, New Lots, built 1770. R. 41. Flatbiish Dutch Reformed Church, corner of Flatbush and Church Avenues, built 1793-6, on the site of the oldest church in Long Island. R. 39. Erasmus Hall High 'School (concealed behind new structure). Flat- bush Avenue, near Erasmus Street, built 1786. R. 39. VanDerveer Homestead, 1159 Flatbush Avenue, built 1787 (98). R. 39. Fort Lafayette (old Fort Diamond), the Narrows, built about 1812. R. 42. Fort Hamilton, built 1825-31, on the site of military works of 1808. R. 42. Biishivick Dutch Reformed Church, successor to the first church in Bushwick, built 1825. R. 35c. St. James Pro-Cathedral, Jay and Chapel Streets, first Roman Catholic church on Long Island, organized 1822. R. 36. Borough Hall, built for a City Hall, 1836-40. R. 36. QUEENS. Bozvne House, Flushing, built 1655. R. 51. Quaker Meeting House, Flushing, built 1694-5. R. 5i- Garretson House/' Flushing, built before 1700. R. 51. Moore House, Elmhurst, built about 1661. R. 49. Corner House, Elmhurst, built 1716. R. 49. St. James Church, Elmhurst, built 1735. R. 49. Moore House, Steinway, built 1690-5. R. 44. Riker JJomestead, Steinway, built before 1700. R. 44. De Witt Clinton House, Maspeth, built 1725. R. 46. King Mansion, Jamaica, built about 1750. R. 52. RICHMOND. Billopp House, Tottenville, built 1688. R. 60. Fountain House, New Dorp, built before 1700. R. 56. Guyon-Clarke House, New Dorp. R. 56. iMke-Tysen House, New Dorp. R. 56. 393 Richmond HISTORICAL GUIDE Moravian Church and Parsonage, New Dorp, built 1763. R. 56. Black Horse Tavern, New Dorp, pre-Revolutionary. R. 56. St. Andrew's Church, Richmond, on site of church established 1708. R. 59. Purdy's Hotel, Princess Bay, built about 1700. R. 60a. Barne-Tysen House, Karles Neck, land granted in 1667. R. 54. Christopher Homestead, Willow Brook, pre-Revolutionary. R. 54. Austin House, Rosebank, Stapleton, built about 1710. R. 55. Garibaldi House, Stapleton. R. 55. Forts Wadsworth and Tompkins, the Narrows, built 1847 on site of forts of War of 1812. R. 55. Danne/s Hotel, Port Richmond, built about 1800. R. 53. Kreuser-Pelton House, the Cove, West New Brighton, built 1722. R. 53. Sailors* Snug Harbor, West New Brighton, built 1833. R. 53. ADDENDA, 1912 MANHATTAN. Schermerhorn Farm house, East River and Sixty-fourth Street, in the Rockefeller Institute grounds; built 1744. R. 20. Smith's Folly, 421 East Sixty-first Street, built 1799. R. 20. Shot Tower, foot of East Fifty-third Street, built 1821. R. 20. Mansion, 7 State Street, built about 1800. R. i. Prime House, in grounds of St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, Eighty- nimn Stree- near Avenue A, built 1800. R. 20. Dyckman House, Broadway and Hawthorne Avenue, Inwood, built 1787. R. 28b. BRONX. Hadley House, opposite Van Co*rtlandt Park, west of Broadway, before 1750. R. 29a. Isaac V avian Homestead, Bainbridge and Van Cortlandt Avenues, erected in 1776. Scene of an encounter between the patriots and the British in 1770. R. 30b. Washington's Gun House, west of Webster Avenue, opposite car barns, north of City Line. General Washington stored his guns here while withdrawing towards White Plains in 1776. R. 30b. Clasons Point Inn, at end of Clason's Point. Part of this is the old hou^e erected by Cornell, the first settler, in 1643. R. 33. Old Pell Mansion, also known as the Coudert Mansion, Wolf's Lane, Pclham Manor, near New Rochelle trolley. R. 34. 394 APPENDIX D MUSEUMS, COLLECTIONS, AND LIBRARIES Of special interest to students of local history Revised 1912 AlANHATTAN American Museum of Natural History (incorporated 1869), Seventy- seventh Street and Central Park West. Open free every day in the year (on week-days, including holidays, from 9 to 5, and Sundays from I to 5, also Tuesday and Saturday evenings from 7 to 10). Free lectures Tuesday and Saturday, 8.15 p.m., October to April. A library of 60,000 volumes. Collections of animals, woods, minerals, gems, and material illustrating the customs of various races. The Indian relics found in the upper end of Manhattan, the Bronx and Richmond are of particular interest to students of local history. Metropolitan Museum of Art (incorporated 1870), at Fifth Avenue and Eight3^-second Street, in Central Park. Open free Sunday, 1-6; Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday; 10-5; Saturday, 10-10; Monday and Friday, 10-5, admission 25 cents. The collections include the fine arts and decorative or 'industrial arts. Among the collections of special interest are the collection of Egyptian art, largely material recently excavated in Eg>'pt, historically arranged; the Hoentschal Collection of French Gothic and eighteenth century decorative arts ; and the Morgan Collection of Chinese porcelains. The Huntington collection of like- nesses of Washington, Franklin, and Lafayette, embracing drawings, engravings, prints, busts, faience, medals, and cameos is of particular interest to students of history. Special privileges are offered to teachers and pupils in public and private schools, art students, and craftsmen. On application, teachers may obtain a bulletin giving detailed informa- tion concerning the practical use of the collection for classes of children. The New York Aquarium, Battery Park. Open (free) every day in the year; 9-5, April 15-October 15; 10-4, October 16- April 14. Exhibits of fishes, turtles, crocodilians, frogs, salamanders, marine mammals and invertebrates. By arrangement with the Curator, the casemates, bomb proof and other traces of the old fort may be seen. ]\\ishington's Headquarters, One Hundred and Sixty-second Street, east of St. Nicholas Avenue. Open (free) daily, 10-5. Fitted up as 395 ^ HISTORICAL GUIDE a Colonial Museum : under the care of the Washington Headquarters Association. For detailed account see R. 23. Isliam Mansion in Isham Park; see p. 174. Municipal Collections In City Hall, City Hall Park. Open (free) 10-4 (except holidays); Saturday, 10-12. Trumbull's Room: portraits of Washington and for- mer governors ; battle llags ; furniture u>ed by the officers and mem- bers of the first Federal Government. Aldermanic Chambers: por- traits; ceiling painting: New York welcoming the Nations. Mayors Reception Office: portraits of Lafayette and of mayors since 1783. City Clerk's Office, Office of the President of the Board of Aldermen, Old Council Chamber and President's Office: Office of the Municipal Art Commission : portraits of historic persons and former officials. County Court House, City Hall Park: Portraits. Comptroller's Office, Stewart Building, Chambers Street and Broad- way: Portraits of Andrew H. Green and heroes of the War of 1S12. Corporation Counsel's Office, Hall of Records: Portraits. Criminal Courts Building, Centre and Franklin Streets : Allegorical mural paintings, portrait of Richard Riker. Hall of Records, Chambers and Centre Streets: Old records, dating back to the Dutch Period and early maps may be seen on application. Board of Education Building, Park Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street: Portraits of De Witt Clinton and former members of the Board of Education. Oil painting, "Am I My Brother's Keeper," presented, 191 1, by Alfred Mosely, Esq. Appellate Diz'ision of the Supreme Court, First Department, Twenty- fifth Street and Madison Avenue : Mural paintings in the vestibule and Court Room : Portraits. General Post Office Lan' Library, City Hall Park : Portraits and tablets. State Arsenal, Seventh Avenue and Thirty-fifth Street: W^ar relics and tablets from the Elm Street Armory. PRIVATE MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS American Geographical Society (organized 1852), One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Street, west of Broadway: Early maps, copies of Valen- tine's Manual, Annals of Albany, histories of the counties of New York, documents and documentary history of New York. Open 10-5, free. 396 HISTORICAL GUIDE American Numismatic Society, One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Street, west of Broadway. Collection of coins and medals of all countries and all ages, and a large numismatic library. Open to the public, 10 A.M. to 5 P.M. week days, 1-5 p.m. Sundays. Hispajiic _ Society of America, One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Street, west of Broadway. Open (free) daily, including Sundays, 1-5, ex- cept August, Christmas and Thanksgiving. Library open to holders of readers' cards, 10-5, except Sundays, legal holidays and the month of August. ''A free museum and educational institution for the ad- vancement of the study of the Spanish and Portuguese language, liter- ature and history." Spanish paintings, sculptures, pottery, metal work, embroideries, laces, early printed books, manuscripts, early maps. Fraunces Tavern, 54 Pearl Street Open (free) daily, under the care of the Sons of the Revolution. Collection of Revolutionary relics, flags, china, coins, medals, military commissions, letters, etc. Ex- cursion VI. Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration, Cooper Union, Astor Place. Open (free) daily and every evening, except Saturday and Sunday, from October ist to May ist, between 7.30 and 9.3c (secure pass at the office), except Sunday and Monday; closed July i-Septem- ber 13. Collection of Colonial furniture, costumes, needle-work and relics of Peter Cooper. Exempt Firemen's Organization, 10 JeflFerson Market, Sixth Avenue and Tenth Street. Open (free) daily. Collection of old fire apparatus and pictures. Volunteer Firemen's Association, 220 East Fifty-ninth Street. Open (free) daily. Collection 01 old fire apparatus, pictures and documents. Museum of the Military Service Institution, Governor's Island. Open (free) daily, except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. Collection of war relics and historic flags. Neii) York Historical Society, founded 1804, 170 Central Park West. Open 9-6, open to the public. 150,000 volumes and pamphlets on Ameri- can History. Gallery of Art, Abbot Collection of Egyptian Antiquities ' and Collection of Prints and Relics of the City of New York. Historical Museum of the College of the City of New York, Con- vent Avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street. Open (free) daily during the college year. Collection of prints and maps. Middle Dutch Reformed Church, Second .\venue and Seventh Street. See R. II : 7. St. Mark's-in-the-Bowery, Second Avenue and Eleventh Street. See R. II : 2. 397 HISTORICAL GUIDE Collegiate Church, Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street (Lecture Room). Prints and engravings. R. 17:5. Brick Presbyterian Church, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-seventh Street. Prints, engravings, etc. R. 17:2. loJut Street Methodist Church, old prints, furniture, books of John Wesley. R. 7: 34. St. Cornelius Chapel, Governor's Island, banners, flags, tablets. R. 4: 46. Methodist Historical Society, Alethodist Book Concern, Fifth Avenue and Twentieth Street. Relics in connection with Methodism in New York. Hotel Astor, Broadway and Forty-fifth Street, rare prints and en- gravings of old New York. R. 18 B. Dolan's Cafe, 33 Park Rov/, model of old Park Row. R. 5: 15. Stewart's Cafe, 161 Fulton Street, prints and cartooons. R. 5 : 17. Britting's Restaurant, 126 Greenwich Avenue, theatre posters and programmes. R. 8:3. Hotel Netherland, Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street. Paintings : "The Purchase of Manhattan" and "Stuyvesant Receiving the English Terms of Surrender." Hotel Imperial, Broadway and Thirtieth Street. Painting: ''Bowling in Bowling Green." New Amsterdam Theatre, 214 West Forty-second Street. Painting representing the reading of the Declaration of Independence to the Army on the Common, July 9, 1776. De Witt Clinton High School, Fifty-ninth Street and Tenth Avenue. Mural paintings in connection with the Erie Canal. R. 18 : D. Republican Club, 54 West Fortieth Street : Prints, cartoons and maps of old New York. P. 139. Cowperthwait's Store, Third Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty- first Street: Prints of old New York. P. 173. LIBRARIES The New York Public Library, 476 Fifth Avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-seci:>nd streets, is open every week day, including holidays, from 9 A.M. to 10 P.M., Sundays from i to 10 p.m. The reference collection, for use within the building, numbers over 1,126,000 volumes. Of particular historical interest are the works on American State and local history, over 19,200 volumes ; 3,600 volumes of American gene- alogies : 600 of British genealogies; 3,790 of American historical and patriotic society publications. General books on American history num- 398 HISTORICAL GUIDE ber i(X),ooo volumes. The collection of liistorical prints is of great value. Exhibitions of rare books and prints arc held at frequent in- tervals. For circulation four rooms in the central building and forty branch libraries provide over 860,000 volumes for home use. The circulation branches are usually open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. on week days; most are open on holidays and several on Sundays. The Travelling Library Office, headquarters in the central building, entrance on Bryant Park and Fortieth Street, will arrange to make up and loan (free of charge) sets of books on various subjects for the use of schools, teachers and study clubs. The Library for the Blind (room 116, central building) publishes and circulates books in raised type. American Jewish Historical Society Library, 531-535 West One Hun- dred and Twenty-third Street, open to members and their friends. Col- lection of books, prints, relics and rare manuscripts, referring mainly to the history of the Jews on the American Continent. City Library, City Hall. Open (free) for reference, 10-4; Saturday, 10-12. Collection of city records; reports and various municipal pub- lications. Columbia University, Lotc; Memorial Library. Open 8.30 a.m. -11 p.m. (8.30 A.M. -10 P.M. in summer) daily, except Sunday; closed on New ^ Year's Day, Good Friday, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. Free for inspection ; free for lending to students, grad- uates and officers of Columbia University; to the faculties of local colleges and universities and to the principals and heads of depart- ments of the New York high schools ; free for reference to such persons in the cities of New York, Brooklyn, and Newark as may be introduced by the librarians of the public libraries of those places. The collection includes 450 titles on local history, embracing some of the rarest books and prints and 2,500 Dc Witt Clinton letters. The Holland Society has deposited here its valuable collection of books on the early history and settlement of this country by the Dutch. The collection of Columbiana ^ is rich in material relating to the history of New York City and of Columbia University. Cooper Union Library, Astor Place. Open (free) daily. 8 a.m.- 10 P.M. ; Sunday, October to May, 12 M.-9 p.m. Books for reference only. General Society of Mechanics and Tmdesmen, 16-24 West Forty- fourth Street. Open 9-8. Reference department free to the public. Huguenot Society of America, 29 West Thirty-ninth Street. Books relating to Huguenot history and genealogy. 399 % HISTORICAL GUIDE Mercantile Library, Astor Place and Eighth Street. Open to sub- scribers. General collection of 245,000 volumes. Neic York Genealogical and Biographical Society, Genealogical Hall, 226 West Fifty-eighth Street. Library open daily, except Sunday, 10-6; Monday evening, 8-10. Admission through member's card. Collection of New York town and county histories ; military records ; records of wills; indexes to conveyances; collections of copies of New York church records ; files of the Genealogical and Biographical Record from 1869. Nezv York Society Library, 109 University Place, near Twelfth Street. Open 9-6. Free to the public for reference. Files of eighteen New York newspapers; rare prints; laws of New York from 1694; all the well-known histories and guide-books of New York; nearly all the New York directories; reports of institutions, clubs and city depart- ments. See also mention above of libraries of the American Geographical Society; American Numismatic Society; Hispanic Society of America; Methodist Historical Society and New York Historical Society. THE BRONX Botanical (harden, Bronx Park (R. 32). Reached by Harlem Division, N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. to Bronx Park or Bronx Park Subway train to One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street and (free) transfer to the Elevated R. R. to Bronx Park. Open (free) daily; buildings open 10-4. Exhibits — in the grounds : Hardy herbaceous plants, shrubs, trees, and natural woodlands. In the Conservatories : Tropical and warm temperate zone plants. In the Museums : Plan products utilized in the arts, sciences, and industries ; illustrations of the natural families of plants ; plants growing naturally within one hundred miles of New York; fossil plants; library; herbaria; laboratories. Lectures on Sat- urday afternoons, April to November. A docent will explain the exhibits, leaving the museum at 3 p.m. Lorillard Mansion Museum, Bronx Park, east of the Botanical Garden (R. 32). Open (free) 11-5 daily. Under the care of the Bronx Society of Arts and Sciences. Collection of natural specimens of the borough; specimens illustrative of the industries, educational features and park system of the Bronx ; Indian, Colonial and Revolutionary relics ; historical photographs and rare prints : a reference library. Zoological Garden, Bronx Park (R. 32). Reached by the Lenox Avenue Subway to One Hundred and Eightieth Street, West Farms, 400 HISTORICAL GUIDE or by the Third Avenue Elevated R. R. to Fordham Road ; trolley to entrance. Under the care of the New York Zoological Society. Open daily 9 to half hour before sunset in summer, after 10 in winter. P^'ree except on Monday and Thursday (25c.) ; when a holiday falls on Monday or Thursday, the fee is remitted, but is charged on the day following. Van Cortlandt Mansion, Van Cortlandt Park (R. 29). Open (free) daily except Sunday, 10-6; Thursday, 25c. Under the care of the Colonial Dames of the State of New York. Rooms fitted up in Colonial style; a collection of Revolutionary and Colonial relics. New York University Museum, under the Hall of Fame (R. 30). Open (free) daily during the college year. Nezij York University General Library. Open daily, free on proper introduction. BROOKLYN Central Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Parkway and Washington Avenue (R. 38). Open week days, 9-6; Thursday evening, 7.30-9.45; Sunday, 2-6; free except Monday and Tuesday (if these are not holidays), when there is a fee of 25c. for adults and loc. for children under sixteen. Collections in natural sciences ; paintings ; sculptures ; historical casts, races and customs of men, etc. Children's Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Bedford Park, on Brooklyn Avenue. Open (free) daily, 9-5.30; Sun- days, 2-5.30. Collections pertain to natural history, local history, occu- pations of man and an extensive children's library on these subjects. See R. 38: 12. Hall of Records: Collection of portraits of recorders and other officials. County Court House: Portraits of Supreme Court justices and other judges. Borough Hall: Portraits of mayors of the former City of Brooklyn. Long Island Historical Society, Clinton and Pierrepont Streets. See R. 36:6. Open (free) daily. U. S. Naval Museum, Navy Yard, entrance Navy Yard, opposite Sands Street. Library and historical relics in the U. S. Naval Museum. Pp. 243, 264. Plymouth Church, on Orange, between Hicks and Henry streets. Memorial windows, battle flags, etc. Pp. 241, 264. 401 ^ HISTORICAL GUIDE Libraries Brooklyn Public Library, central office, 26 Brevoort Place. Circu- lating branches in all parts of the borough. Open (free) daily, 9-9. Sunday, 2-6. The Department of Travelling Libraries, 67-69 Schermerhorn Street. This Department lends collections of books free of charge to clubs, schools, factories, societies, etc., within the Borough limits ; gives worn books to hospitals, kindergartens, etc. Catholic Historical Library, loi Greene Avenue. Long Island Historical Society, Clinton and Pierrepont streets. Open 8.30 A.M. -9.30 P.M. Reference only for members and those introduced by members. Collection of 70,000 volumes largely on local history and genealogy. Pratt Institute Free Library, Ryerson Street, between De Kalb and Willoughby avenues. Open week days, 9 a.m. -9.30 p.m. Collection of 100,000 volumes. QUEENS Boivne House, Flushing. Admission 25c.; six people only allowed at a time ; larger parties must arrange in advance with ]N-iss Parsons, 371 Broadway, Flushing. In winter house not open to visitors. See R. 51: 14^ King Mansion, lamaica. Open (free) ^Monday; other days by special arrangement with Mrs. William S. Cogswell, Pres., King ]\Ianor Asso- ciation, 31 Clinton Avenue, Jamaica. R. 52:6. Queens Borough Public Library, central office, 402 Fulton Street, Jamaica. Circulating branches in various parts of the borough. Usually open daily (except Sunday), 9-9. RICHMOND Public Museum of the Siaten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, 154 Stuyvesant Place, St. George. Open (free) daily except Sunday. Collections of natural history, geology, archeology, art, etc. Especially rich in States Island historical and Indian relics, and local biology. R. 53: I. Billopp House, Tottenville. R. 69 : 107. 402 APPENDIX E.— HISTORIC TREES, ROCKS AND OTHER OBJECTS. MANHATTAN. Two English Yews in front of the Low*Memorial Library, Colum- bia University, said to have been brought from England about 1800 and set out in St. John's Park; later removed to the Elgin Botanical Garden at Fiftieth Street (R. 17) ; removed to the Bloomingdale Asylum grounds and replanted at their present site in 1897. The IVistaria vines frequently seen in Greenwich (R. 8) are said to be descendants of those in Dr. Hosack's Arboretum in the Elgin Garden. A stunted English oak on the northwest side of the Mall, in Cen- tral Park, was placed here by the Prince of Wales (now Edward VII) while here in i860. A number of trees remain in East River Park imported from China and Japan by Thomas Hogg (R. 20) ; some have been removed to Central Park, among them the Japanese elm near the gate at Fifth Avenue and Seventy-second Street. Some of the trees in Washington Square are survivors of those set out when this was a Parade (R. 10). A double row of trees in Madison Square formerly lined the eastern branch of the Post Road (R. 15). In the churchyards of Trinity, St. Paul's and St. ^Mark's Churches are trees dating back to the first part of the last century. Many old trees remain in Union and Stuyvesant Squares and in Gramercy Park. The Sparrows' Lodging House on the north side of East One Hun- dred and Twenty-fifth Street, near First Avenue (old Harlem Lane), seems to be a favorite haunt of these birds. The giant tulip at Cold Spring (R. 28) is considerably over one hundred years old. There remains some of the primeval forest near by at the northern end of Manhattan on the hill overlooking the Hudson. 403 Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE The Bronx Trees That Have Disappeared. The Stuyvesant Pear Tree, once at the corner of Thirteenth Street and Third Avenue, now commemorated by a tablet (R. ii). Portions of this famous tree are preserved in the Governor's Room, City Hall, Police Headquarters and in the New York Historical Society Build- ing. A descendant of the original tree from a graft obtained by Jesse Ryder about i860 may be seen on the Ryder farm near Ossining. The Van Beuren Tree stood until recently in front of the Van Beuren Mansion on the north side of Fourteenth Street (R. 14). The Varian Tree used to stand on Broadway between Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Streets. The Thirteen Trees (sweet gum or liquid amber) brought from Mt. Vernon, Va., by Hamilton about 1802 remained on Convent Ave- nue and One Hundred and Forty-third Street until all died and were finally removed in 1908 (R. 23). The grand old elm " (variously located by different writers, but probably at Striker's Bay, near the Hudson at Ninety-sixth Street), which inspired George P. Morris to write the lines beginning " Wood- man, spare that tree," was cut down only recently (R. -8). It is related that a favorite tree on the farm of Hendrick Brevoort prevented the cutting through of Eleventh Street between Broadway and Fourth Avenue. (R. 14). THE BRONX The Cowboy Oak at the end of Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street, west of the Spuyten Duyvil Parkway, is alleged to have been the scene of hangings during the Revolution (R. 29). The Washington Chestnut on Valentine Lane, now partially de- stroyed, is said to have been used by Washington as a place of conceal- ment (R. 29). The stump of the Delanccy Pine still remains in Bronx Park (R. 34a). The IloDce Chestnut under which the British general is said to have lunched, still stands near the Pell Mansion (R. 34). The Spy Oak of Revolutionary lore is near Westchester (R. 33a). The Pell Treaty Oak, now nearly destroyed, is near the Bartow Mansion (R. 34). 404 HISTORIC TREES AND ROCKS Hemlock Grove in the Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, is the oldest forest of native hemlocks in this part of the State (R. 32). BROOKLYN. Amusketahole,'* a white oak marking the boundary line between Flatlands and Flatbush; on Avenue G, near Flatlands Neck Road. R. 40. QUEENS. The Maurice Woods, east of Maspeth, was the only extensive wood- land of Newtown to escape the ravages of the British when quartered in this part of Long Island. The forest once covering what is now Forest Park and Cypress Hills Cemetery, was reserved as hunting grounds for the Indians in their deed to Middelburg (R. 50). The site of Fox Oaks in Flushing is marked by a tablet (R. 51). NOTED ROCKS AND CAVES. MANHATTAN. The Capske Rocks near Whitehall Ferry, now under made land and revealed when the South Ferry Subway Station was constructed. R. I. The Smuggler's Cave was near the East River shore about Seven- tieth Street. R. 20. Marco Bozzaris Rock just north of Washington's Headquarters on West One Hundred and Sixty-second Street, where it is said Fitz- Greene Halleck composed his famous poem. R. 23. * Point of Rocks about One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street and Convent Avenue (now largely cut away for street improvements), an outlook for Washington's sentinels in 1776. R. 19. Indian Rock Shelter at Cold Spring, within which many remains of Indians have recently been discovered. R. 28b. The Death Gap Rocks, Fort Washington, Bennett Avenue (One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Street), west of Broadway. R. 24. 405 The Bronx HISTORICAL GUIDE Historic Objects THE BRONX. Glacial Boulder in front of the Division Engineer's Office near the High Pressure Pumping-station of Jerome Park Reservoir. R. 30a. Rocking Stone, south end of Bronx Park. R. 32. Glover's Rock, near Bartow, on scene of the Battle of Pell's Point. R. 34. split Rock, near the home of Ann Hutchinson, not far from Pelham Manor. R. 34. Pudding Rock, until recently on Boston Road and One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Street. R. 32. Seton Cave and the Indian Hiding Place near Eastchester. R. 34a. The Devil's Stepping Stones jutting out in the Sound. R. 34. Rocks m East River at Hell Gate. R. 20. Diamond Reef in the Narrows. R. 42. HISTORIC OBJECTS. Revolutionary Cannon: (i) Battery Park; placed here by the City History Club, R. i; (2) at Pearl Street opposite Cedar Street, R. 7; (3) at Peck Slip and Water Street, R. 7; (4) Old Slip, p. 38; (5) Central Park, p. 146; (6) Van Cortlandt Park, p. 182. Dutch Millstones at the rear of 18 South William Street, R. 3. Millstones and Sundial in Van Cortlandt Park, R. 29. Dutch Millstone in sidewalk opposite 437 Jackson Avenue near North Plaza of Queensboro Bridge, Long Island City ; from Brou- chard grist mill formerly on Dutch Kills Creek, brought from Hol- land about 1657. Old Church Bells: (i) in the churchyard of the Marble Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, Twenty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue, R. 15 ; (2) in the steeple of the Fifth Avenue Dutch Reformed Church at Forty-eighth Street, R. 17; (3) in the Dutch Reformed Church at One Hundred and Twenty-third Street and Lenox Avenue, R. 22; (4) in St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church at Ridge and Grand Streets, R. 13; (5) in garden, St. George's Church, p. loi. Doliola, sun dial and marble scat from Italy in Grace Churchyard on Broadway and Tenth Street, R. 14. Pompeiian Columns at the entrance to Delmonico's at Bcnver and South William Streets, R. 3. Cleopatra's Needle in Central Park. 406 HISTORIC OBJECTS ADDENDA, 1912. Revolutionary earthworks still visible in Manhattan: (i) Fort Clin- ton, R. 21; (2) Fort Washington, R. 24; (3) Fort Washington Point, R. 25; (4) Fort Tryon R. 26; (5) near Fort George, R. 23. Parts of iron railing from balcony of Federal Hall: (i) on front of main building, Bellevue Hospital. R. 15; (2) in New York Historical Society, R. 17. Old City ]Vell, Trinity Place and Thames Street. R. 6. Old Fire Toiler, Mt. Morris Park. R. 22. Manhattan Water Tank, Center and Reade Streets. R. 12. 407 INDEX Abbey, the, 167. Abingdon Road, 115. Abingdon Square, 73. Academy of Music, 109. African Company, 370. Albany Post Road, 147, 181, 372. Alburtis House, 288. Allen, Ethan, 54. Allerton, Isaac, Warehouse, 64. All Saints' Church, gg. Ambleside, 198. American Jewish Hist. See, 139. American Museum of Natural His- tory, 120. Amiable Child, Tomb, 127. Amity Street, 81. Amusketahole Tree, 251. Anderson Mansion, 187. Androvette House, 3. so. Anthon's Grammar School, 59. Appellate Court House, iii. Apthorp Mansion, 123. Apthorp Lane, 129, 130. Aquarium, 33. Arbitration Rock, 289. Archer House, 189. Arnhem X'illage 27,?. 287. Arrochar, 338. Arsenal in Central Park, 120. Arthur, Chester A., Home, 112. Artillery Park, 133. Aspinwall House, Flushing, 306. Assay Office, U. S., 28. Astor, \Vm., First Home, 83. Astor House, 59. Astor Library, 93. Astor Place Opera House, 93. Astoria, 275, 281. Astoria Methodist Church, 283. Audubon, Home, 153. Audubon Park, i.S3. Austin House, 337. Baisley*s Mill Pond, 313. Bank of New York, 28. Baretto, Francis J., Former Home, 196. Baretto's Point, 196. Bark Mill. 31. Barnard College, 125. Barne-Tvsen House, 334. Barnum*^s Museum, 57. Barracks of 181 2, 73. Barton House, 344. Bartow Mansion, 210. Bathgate House, 190, 199. Battery, 33. Battery Flagstaff, 34. Battery Place, 15. Battle of Harlem Heights, 125, 129. Battle of Harlem Heights Memorial Window, 125. Battle of Long Island, 22s. Battle of Pell's Point, 176, 209. Battle Pass Tablet, 245. Bayard Farm, 95. Bayard House, 73. Beadell Homestead, 232. Bear Market, 60. Bear Swamp, 213. Beaver Pond, 310. Beaver Street, 31. Bedell House, 345. Bedford Street Methodist Church, 76. Bedloe's Island, 35. Beecher, Henry \\'ard, Memorial, 264. Beecher, Henry Ward, Statue, 242. Beekman Hill, 133. Beckman House, 133. Beekman Place, 133. Belden Mansion, 209. Bellevue Hospital, 113. Belmont Hall, 328. Benham Mansion, 345;. Bennett Houses, 164, 23 t, 251. Bennett-Schermerhorn House, 257. Benson House, 260. Bentley Manor, 349. Bergen Beach, 263. Bergen Homesteads, 248, 249, 262, 264, 313. Berrian Burying Ground, 182. Berrian, Cornelius, Farm Houses, 185, 28.S. Berrien's Lane, 28."?. 'Beth Haim," 108, 112. Retts Homestead, Maspeth. 288. Bctt's House, 190. Billopp House, 349. Birdsall House, 247. "Black Cat," The, 80. Black Horse Tavern, 167, 341. Black Rock, 204. Black Swamp, 199. Blackwell Mansion Homestead, 283. Black well's Island, 136, 281. Blake-Miller House, 334. Blazing Star, 347. INDEX Blind Man's Alley, 64. Block-house, Flushing, 304. Block-house No. I, 146. Block-house No. Ill, 126. Blommaert's Vly, 31. Bloodgood Homestead, 316, Bloom Farm House, 300. Bloomfield, Daniel, Home, 298. Bloomingdale, 9, 121. Bloomingdale Asylum, 125. Bloomingdale Dutch Reformed Church, 123. Bloomingdale Road, 8. Bloomingdale Square, 124. Blue Bell Tavern, 161. Blythe, 196. Board of Education Building, 120. Bodine's Inn, 333. Bogardus, Dominie, House, 20, Bogardus, Dominie, Farm, 77. Bone Alley, 92. Booth's Theatre, 112. Borough Hall, Brooklyn, 242. Borough Hall, Richmond, 327. Boston Post Road, 372, 181. Botanical Gardens, 201, 400. Botanical Museum, 201, 400. Bouwerie House, 91. Bouwerie Lane, 7, 95. Bouwerie Village, 89. Bowery Bay, 279- Bowery Cemetery, 314. Bowery Graveyard, 91. Bowery, The, 95. Bowery Theatre, 97. Bowery \'illage Church,, 373. Bowling Green, 3, 17. Bowne Homestead, Flushing, 306. Bowne Houses, 207, 215, 309. Bowne Store, 207. Bozzaris, Marco, Rock, 157. Bradford. William, 30. Bradley Farm House, 154. Brannon Garden, 76. Brettoniere House, 302. Brevoort House. 134. Brick Presuyterian Church, 57, 117. Bridewell. .^4. Bridge of Sighs, 98. Bridge Street, 31. Brielle Homestead, 314. Brigg's House, 201. Brigiitside, 198. British Battery, Flushing, 304. British Beacon, 304. British Camps, 170, 171, 291, 300, 302, 344. British Earthworks, 1 54. British Fort, 352. British Headquarters, 300, 324, 341. Britton House, 341. Britton Mill, 330. Broad Street, 6. Broadway, s. Broderick Ilouse, 7s, 83. l)ronck. Jonas, Home, 19.'^. I'.RO.XX BOROl'GH, 176. Bronx, Historical Sketch, 176. Bronx Park, 201. Bronx River, 203. Bronxdale, 213, BROOKLYN, 225. Brooklyn Heights, 241. Brooklyn Institute, 245. Brewer's ]\Iill, 257. Bryant Park, 117. Bryant, William Cullen, Home, 107. Buckhorn Tavern, 112. Bull's Head Tavern, 59, 112, 373. Bull's Head Village, 112. Bunker Hill, 95. Burger's Sluice, 277. Burn's Coffee House, is. Burr, Aaron, Homes, etc., 61, 62, 330. Burroughs Houses, 294, 301. Bushwick, 232-234. BUSTS AND STATUES: see Ap- pendix B, p. 377, and under proper names. Butler's Hotel, 333. Calamus Road, 288, 302. Calumet Hall, 157. Calvary Cemetery, 295. Calyer Homestead, 231. Camp Hill, 341, Camp of Laurel Hill, 155. Canarsie, 253. Canarsie Lane, 251. Cannon Point, 133. Capske Rocks, 20. Carey Sisters' Home, no. Carll's Mill, 204. Carrigan House, 125. Cassanova Mansion, 196. Casseltowne Manor, 329. Case's Crew, 288. Castle Bogardus, 281. Castle Garden, 33. Castle Hill, 203"." Castle Stevens, 281. Castle Williams, 35, 38. Castleton Hotel, 327. Cathedral of St. John the Divine, 125. Catimut's Windmill, 65. Cato's Road House, 373. Cedar Grove Cemetery, 308. Cedar Point, 165. Cement House, 328. Cemetery, N. Y. City Marble, 92. Cemetery. N. Y. Marble, 92. Central Bridge, 187. Central l*ark, 119, 120, I4.'5. "Century" House, 170. Chamber of Commerce, 26, 28, 61. Chambers Street, 55. Chapel of St. Cornelius, 35;. Chateauneuf Residence, 193. ("hatham Garden, 6=;. Chatham Square, 9s, 97. Chelsea Cottages. 116. Cherry Garden, 64. Cherry Hill, 64. 410 INDEX Cherry Lane, iq6. Cherry Street, 64. Chelsea, 115. Chelsea Square. 116. Children's Museum, Brooklyn, 245. Christopher Homestead, 3.13. Christopher Street Square, 82. Ciirist's Church, 66. Churches, see under name of. Citizen Genet, Seat of, 313. City Hall, Dutch, 19, 30. City Hall, English, 26. City Hall, Present, 53. City Island, joq. City Library, 53. Claremont. The, 127. Classon's Point, 203, 204. Cleopatra's Needle, 120. Clermont Terrace, 2q8. Clinch Homestead, 339- Clinton, DeW'itt, House, S7. 287. Clinton, DeW'itt Statues, 21, 61. Clinton Hall, 93. Cobweb Hall, 98. Cock Hill. 172. Coe Farm House, 204. Coenties Alley and Slip, 30. Coe's Mill, 294. Coffee House, Burns', 15. Coffee House, Merchants', 29. Coffee House Slip, 29. Coffee House, Tontine, 29. Cold Spring, 172. Colden Estate, 308. Cole House, 342. Coleman's Point, 329. Collect Pond. 78, 95- College Place, .^9. College Point, 275. , College of the City of New York, 112, 151, 173- Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, 61, 119- Collegiate School, 122. Collins House, 211. Colonial Hall, Jamaica, 312. Colonnade Row, 93. Columbia College, :;9, 119, 125. Columbia Heights, 241. Columbus Memorial, 119. Columbus Park, 102. Commission of 1807. 9. Common Field. Middleburg, 293. Company's Farm, 8. Coney Island, 261. Conkling, Roscoe, Statue, in. Conselyea House, 234. Cooper, Peter, Houses and Factory. 113, 232. 233. Cooper. Peter. Statue, 93. Cooper Union, 93, loi. Corbin, Margaret, 161, 167. Corlcar's Hook Park, 99- Cornelissen. Peter. Mill, 292. Corner House, Newtown, 301. Corona, 293. Corona Avenue, 294. Corpus Christi Monastery, 196. Corsen House, 330, 334, 351. Corsen-Ives House, 333. Cortelyou Houses, 258, 341, 345. Cortelyou-X'anderveer Ilouse, 248. (^ortlandt's I'pper House, 185. County Clerk's Office, Richmond, 344. County Court House. 55. Court House, Jamaica, 312. Couwenhoven House, 260. Cowboy Oak, 183, 185. Cox. Samuel S., Statue, 93. Cox's Tavern, 181. Crab Island, 154. Crawford Tavern, 21s. Crocheron Houses, 334. Cromwell F"arm Houses, 187, 201. Croton Aqueduct, 117. Crowther Homestead, 213. Cross Keys Tavern, 153. Cruger Mansion, 107. Cubberly House, 342. Cuckoldstowne, 343, 344. Cumberson House, \\'oodside, 292. Curtis, Cieorge William, House, 329. Curtis High School, 327. Custom House, 3, 19, 29. Cuyler Sugar House, 65. Danner's Hotel, 330. Day's Tavern, 126. Death Gap, 161. Debevoise Homesteads, 234, 288. Decker House, 330. DeGroot House, 329. DeHart House, 331. DeHart- Bergen House, 257. Delancey Blockhouse, 213. Delancey House, 60. Delancey Pine, 213. Delancey Square, 95;. Delancey Street, 95. Demilt Avenue, 193. Delmonico Building, 32. Denton's Mill, 257. Denyse's Ferry, 2^8. DePeyster, Abraham, 17, 62. DeSille House, 259. Devil's Stepping Stones. 210. Devoe Cottage, 189. Devoe House. Bushwick, 234 Devoe's Point, 187. De \'oor F'arm House. 134. DeW'itt Clinton High School, 107. 1 22 DeW itt Qinton House, 287, 314, .lis- DeW'itt Clinton Park, 121. Diamond Reef. 258. Dirckscn N'olckert. Home. 231. Disosway House, 352. Ditmars Houses, 284, 313. Ditmas Houses, 248. Dolan's Restaurant, 57. Dominie's Hook, 277. Donck's Colony. 182. Dongan Hills, 339. 411 INDEX Dongan House, 329. Dongan Plantation, 308. Dongan's Distillery, 351. Doughty, Rev. Francis, House, 280. Drake, Joseph Rodman, 177, 196. Drake's Park, 196, 197. Drover's Inn, ^g, 212. Dubois House, 328, 330. Duke's Plan, 7. Duke's Woods, Jamaica, 313. Duryea Houses, 254, 292, 308. Duryea Mill, 313. Duryee House, 231. Dutch Garden, Van Cortlandt Park, i8r. Dutch Kills, 27s. Dutch Reformed Church, Brooklyn, First, 231. Dutch Reformed Church. Bushwick, 232. Dutch Reformed Church, Hallett's Cove, 283; Harlem, 147. Dutch Reformed Church, New Utrecht, 259. Dutch Reformed Church, Newtown, 299. Dutch Reformed Church, Port Rich- mond, 330. Dutch Reformed Church, Richmond, 344. Dutch Reformed Church, South, 32. Dutch Reformed Church, Tompkins- ville, 335. Dyckman House, 170, 172. Eastern Hotel, 37. Eastchester Village, 214. East New York, 253, 255. Edgar Street, 22. Egbertville Academy, 343. Elevated Railroad, 59. Elgin Botanical Garden, 119. Ellis Island, 35. Elm Tree Beacon, 342. Elm Tree T.ight, 339. Elmhurst, 297. Emans House, 262. Emerson Flill, 339. Erasmus Hall High School, 247. Ericsson, John, 78. Ericsson, John, Memorial, 33. Erie Canal, 53, 78, 121. Essex Market, 99. Exchange Alley, 22. Farmer's Brif'^j^e, 169. Farragut, Admiral, Memorial, iii. Fashion Race Course, 293. Featherbed Lane, 187, 288. I-'ederal Hall, 61. Ferris Houses, 204, 205. Ferris Point, 204. Ferry Village, 22.1;. Field, Jacob, House, 303. Fifth Avenue Hotel, 112. Fireman's Hall, 63. Fire of 1835, Tablet, 30. Fire Tower, 147. First Presbyterian Church, 26, 108. Fish, Hamilton, Birthplace, 89. Fish's Mill, 280. Fish's Store, 292. Fish's Tavern, Newtown, 301. Five Points, The, 98. Fitzroy Road, 73, 115. Flatbush, 247. Flatlands, 249, 251, 263. Flatlands Neck, 251. Flushing, 274, 297, 304. Fly Brook, 283. Fly Market, 62. Font Hill. 184. Fordham, 199. Fordham Lane, 212. Fordham Manor, 170. Fordham Manor Dutch Reformed Church, 190. Fordham University, 201. Forrest, Edwin, Former Home, 116, 184. Forsyth Street Methodist Church, 97. Fort Amsterdam, 3, 19. Fort Clinton, 146, 155. Fort Columbus, 3s. Fort Diamond, 258. Fort Decker, 330. Fort Fish, 146. Fort Gansevoort, 73. Fort George, 19, 155. Fort Greene Park, 243. Fort Hamilton, 258, 309. Fort Hill, 327. Fort Horn, 126. Fort Independence, 169, 190. Fort Jay, 35- Fort Knyphausen, 164. Fort Lafayette, 258. Fort Laight, 126. Fort Lee, 131, 165. Fort Nos. I, 2 and 3, 183, 185. Fort Nos, 4, 5; and 6, 190. Fort Nos. 7 and 8, 189. Fort Orange, 371. Fort Prince Charles, 169. Fort Putnam, 243. Fort Schuyler, 204. Fort Tompkins. 338. Fort Tryon, 167. Fort Wadsworth, 338. Fort Washington, 161, 164. Fort Washington Point, 165;. Fountain, City Hall Park, 55. Fountain Houses, 329, 338, 341. Fountain and Light Tower, 173. Fowler Mansion, 214. Fox Corners, 197. Fox, George, Mansion, 196. Fox Oaks, Flushing. 306. Foxhurst Mansion, 197. Francis Mansion, 187. Frankfort Street. 57. Franklin, Walter, Home, Tablet, 64. Franklin, Benjamin, Statues of. 57, 378. 412 INDEX Fraunces Tavern, 30, 4i-47- Free RridRe, 169. Free School, First, ss. 97- Free School Society, 102. Freek's Mill. 257. French Academy, 154. French Church du St. Esprit, 61. Fresh Kills, 34.'i. Fresh Meadow Road, Flushin.s:, 304- Fresh Meadow Tract, 308. Fresh Pond, Maspeth. 288. Friends' Meeting Houses, 61, 91, 303, 305. Fulton, Robert, 15- Fulton, Robert, Tablet, 2$. Fulton. Robert, Water Gate, 139. 389. Furman Houses, 287, 295. Furman's Island, 287. Furmansville Road, 295. Furniss House, 123. Gansevoort Market, 8, 73. Garibaldi House, 337- Garretson Houses, 307, 316, 339, 349. George III, Statue, 17. Georgi House, 212. General Fort, Eastchester, 214. General Theological Seminary, 116. German Reformed Church, 135. Gerritsen Tide Mill, 250. Ghetto, The, 99. Gifford House, 341. Glover's Rock, 209. Goffe House, 316. Golden Hill Inn, 62. Golden Hill Battle, Tablet, 63, 67. Government Hou?e. 19. Governor's Garden, 5-. Governor's Island, 34. Governor's Room. City Hall, 53. Gowanus Canal, Creek, 257. Grace Court Spring, 241. Grace Episcopal Church, 23, 109. Grace Episcopal Church, Brooklyn, 241. Grace Episcopal Church, Jamaica, 312. Gracie House, 135. Gramercy Park, iio. Grant's Tomb, 126. "Grapevine," 108. Gravesend, 261. "Great Flat," 249. Great Kill. 121, 147. Great Road, 73, 115. Great Maize Land, 161. Great Mill Rock, 281. Greeley, Horace, 57, iio, 133. Green Lane, 67. Greenpoint, 229. Grecnridge, 34s- Greenwich Avenue, 73. Greenwich Hotel, 75. Greenwich Street. 8, 15. Greenwich \'illage, 8. 71. Greenwood Cemetery, 257. Greenwood House, Jamaica, 313. Groshon House, 214. Grote House, 343. Grove Street School, 75, Guion Tavern. 215. Gutenberg Statue, 99, 378. Guyon-Clarke House, 342. Hadley House, 184. Hale, Nathan, Statue of, 54. Hall of Fame, 183, 189. Hall of Records, 55. Hallett Burying Ground, 283. Hallett Houses, 278, 281, 283. Hallett's Cove, 281. Hallett's Lane, 283. Hallett's Point, 281. Hamilton, Alexander, Bust, 124. Hamilton, Alexander, Country Seat, 151. Hamilton, Alexander, House where He Died, 73. Hamilton, Alexander, Law Office, 28. Hamilton, Alexander, Statue, 61. Hamilton Fish Park, 92. Hamilton Free School, 173. Hamilton Grange, 151. Hamilton Hall, Flushing, 305. Hammer Hotel, 212. Hammond Castle, 20.V Hanover Square, 30. Harlem Creek, 147. Harlem Heights, Battle, 129. Harlem Lane, 145. Harrison House, 330. Harsenville, 121, 124. Hart's Island. 210. Hastings, Town of, 275. Havemeyer Estate, 205. Havens House, 191. Hays House, 167. Hazard Homestead, 292. Health Officer's Residence, Old, 335 Heemstede, 275;. Heere Gracht, 31. Hell Gate, 136, 281. Hell Gate Bay, 149. Hemlock Grove, 201. Hempstead Swamp, 296. Henricus Agricola, 279. Hermitage. The, 191. Hessian Spring, 164. Hessian Springs, 327. High Bridge, r S4- Hicks-Platt House, 262. Hicksville, 275. Plisranic Society of America, 153. HISTORIC TREES, ROCKS, etc., 403-407 Hoe Houses: Brightside, 198; Sun- nyside, 196. Hoffman Boulevard. 302. Hoffman Island, 347. Holland's Ferry, 171. Holland's Hook, 331. Hollis Heights. 316. Hollow Way. 127, 129, 139. 41.3 INDEX Holy Nativity Church, 191. Holy Spring House 345- Holyrood Church, 161. Hopper, Yalless, House, 135. Horn, John, House, 112. Horn's'Hook, 135. Horse Brook, Newtown, 297, 300. Horse Mill, 31- Horticultural Hall, 201. Horton Homestead, 209. Hotel Astor. 121. Hotel Gruetli, 22. Hotel Netherland, Paintings in, 120. Hotel Raleigh, 100. House by the Mill, 345- House of Lords, 102. House of Refuge, Old, 113. Housman House, 331. Howard Farm House, Newtown, 300. Howard's Half-way House, 255. Howe, Sir William, Headquarters, 302. Howe, Sir William, Intrenchments, 197. Hudson Park, 76. Hudson Monument, 183. Huguenot Church, 345. Humock Island, 168. Hunt Burying Ground, 19.6. Hunt Houses, 197, 212, 302. Hunt Inn, 197. Hunter-Iselin Mansion, 210. Hunter's Island, 210. Hunter's Point, 275, 277. Huntington, C. P., Home, 205. Hunt's Point, 197, 203. Hustace House, 191. Hutchinson, Ann, Early Home, 211. Hutchinson River Bridge, 211. Hyatt's Tavern, 169. Indian Brook, 207. Indian Burying Ground, 209, 3-^1, 347- Indian Ceremonial Pits, 170, 171, 174. Indian l^eld, 182, Indian Fortifications, 214. Indian Hiding Place, 214- Indian Hunting Ground, 172. Indian Rock Dwelling, 172. Indian Shell Heaps, 170. Indian Trail, 147. Indian Village, 171, 213. Indian Well, 201. Inwood Hill, i''4- Iron Hill, 339. Irving, VVashington, 62, 109, 117. Isham Mansion, 174. Isham Park, 173. Jacobsen-Vanderbilt House, 342. Jaeger Camp, 185. Jamaica, 274, 310. Jans, Anneke, Farm, 77, 78. Japanese Trees, Riverside Drive, 139. Jay, John, Statue, 61. Jefferson Market, 82. Jefferson, Thomas, N. Y. Home, 61. Jeffrey's Hook, i6s. Jennings Homestead, 212. Jerome Park Reservoir, 190. Jessup House, iq6, 301. Jewish Cemeteries, 97, 108, 112. John Street M. E. Church, 62. John Street Theatre, 62. Johnson Farmhouse, 349. Johnson's Tavern, 213. Joncker's Island, 293. Jones Chapel, 134. Jones, Humphrey, House, 123. Jones Wood, 134, Journeay House, 347. Jumel Mansion, 153, i. "^6-1 59. Kalch Hoek, 78. Kennedy House, The, i.s- Keteltas Mansion, 48a, loi. Kidd, Capt., Home of, 30. Kieft's Tavern, 30. King Mansion, Jamaica, 312. King Park, 312. King's Arms Tavern, 15;. King's Bridge. 168. King's Bridge Farm, 190. King's College, 59. King's Farm, 7. King's Highway, 249, Kingsbridge, 181. Kingsbridge Road, 9, i74. Kip's Bay, 133. Kip's IVIill, 280. Kissing Bridge, 97, 196, 372, 373. Knickerbocker Cottage, 114. Kouwenhoven Houses, 251, 263, 279, 28. Kreischerville, 349. Kreuzer-Pelton House, 328, Kruse, Hugo E. Memorial, 315. La Blant House, 334. Labon's Inn, 243. Labor Temple, loi. Lafayette Lane, 196. Lafayette, Statue, 107. Lafayette, Portrait, 53. La (Grange Terrace, 93. Lake-Croak House, 331. Lake House, 262, 341. Lake Tysen House, 342. Land l^oort (Gate), 26. Latourctte House, 344- Laura Keonc's Theatre, 100. Laurel Hill, i^^. Lawrence Burial Ground, Steinway, 28.C;. Lawrence Farm Houses, 184. 284, 304, 308, 309. Jack-Knifc, The. 62. Jackson Mansion, 291. Jackson's Mill-Pond, 280. Jacques House, 330. 414 INDEX Lawrence Lane, 283. Lefferts Homestead, 247. Leg.^ett Buryin^j Ground, iq6. Leggctt's Lane, iq6. I^nox Farm, 13Q. Lenox Library. Lent Farm House, Corona, 2Q3. Leverich Burial Ground, Steinway, 28c;. Leverich Home. 2q2. Lewis, Francis, Tablet, 307. Libby Castle. 167. Liberty Place, 66. Liberty Pole, Flushing:. 316. Liberty Pole, Xew Utrecht. 260, 265. Liberty Pole Tablet, 54. Limerick, Earl of. Plantation, .308. Lincoln, Statue, 107. Linden Park, 31s. Linnsean Botanic Garden, 304. Linoleumville, 334- Lisnenard's .NIeadows, 8, 77. Little Church Around the Corner, 1 13. Little Collect, gs- Little Commons, Newtown, 209. Little Hell Gate, 137. Little Mill Rock, 281. Livingscton Sugar House, 61. Lockman House, 342. Locusts, The, 196. Lodowick's Brook, 279. London Terrace, 116. Longacre Square, 121. Long Island, Battle of, 22s. Long Island City, incorporation, 275. Long Island History, 226. Long Island Historical Society, 242. Long Island Xeck,.-333. Long Travnes Meadow, 279. Lookout Hill, 246. Lord Howe Chesnut, 211. Lorelei Monument and Fountain, 202. Lorillard Falls, 201. Lorillard, Jacob, House. 199. Lorillard Mansion Museum, 201, 202. Lorillard Snuff Mill, 202. Lott Houses, 248, 249, 254. Love Lane, 1 1 Love joy's Hotel. ;7. Lowell, J. S., Memorial, 139. Lubbert's Swamp, 278. Ludlow Mansion, 204. Ludlow House. Xewtown, 300, Ludlow Street Jail, 99. Lutheran Church, 23. Lydig's Mills, 213. McComb Mansion. 21. McGown's Pass Tavern, 145. McKesson Homestead, 215. McKinley Square, 212. Macedonia Hotel. 210. Macomb Mansion. i8i. Madison Cottage, 112. Madison Square, 95, iii. Madison Square Garden, iii. Maiden Lane, 7, 61. "Maine" Relic, 315. "Maine" Monumerrt, National, 120. Manhattan Company Bank, 98. Manhattan Water Tank. The, 98. Manhattanville, 127. Manning's Island, 136. Manor House. Bushwick, 234. Mapes, Uncle Daniel, Temperance House. 213, Marble Arch, 169. Marble Collegiate Reformed Church, 1 14. Marble House, 327. Marble Hill. 168. Mariners' Temple, 97. Marketfield Street, 15;, 21. Marshall Mansion, 209. Marshland. 345. Martyr's Tomb, 243. Maryland Monument. 246, 265. Maspeth, 287. Maurice Woods, The, 288. Meal Market, 29. Meeting and Sessions House, Ja- maica, 311. Melrose Hall, 247. Merchant's Bank, 28. Merchant's Coffee House, 28, 29. Merchant's Exchange. 29, 30. Mersereau House, 333. Mersereau \'alley, 339. Mescrole Familv, 229. Meserole Homestead, 231. Mespatkill, 274. Messiah Home for Children, 183. Methodist Church. John Street. 62. Methodist Church, Middle X'illage, 29 s. Methodist Ouirch, Sands Street, Brooklyn. 241- Methodist Church, Second M. E., 92. Methodist Church. Seventh Street . 92. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 120. Metropolitan Temple, 107. Metropolitan Opera House, First, 100. Middleburg. 274, 297. Middle Dutch Church. 61, 91. Middletown Hamlet, 278. Middletown X'illage. 295. Middle X'illage, 295. Midwout, 247, MILESTONES. Appendix A, p. 371. ^lilestone. First, 97. Milestone, Second, 91. Milestone, Fourth. 133. Milestone, Fifth, 133. Milestone, Ninth, i si- Milestone, Tenth, 212. Milestone, Eleventh, 159, 161. Milestone, Twelfth, 169. Milestone, Fifteenth, 184, 213. Milestones, Bronx, 374. INDEX Milestones, Brooklyn, 250, 260, 26s, 374. Milestones, Richmond, 327, 374. Milestones, Queens, 291, 374. IMill Brook, 212. Mill Camp, 147. Mill Creek, 147. Mill Lane, 31, 214. Mill Rock, 136. Mile Square Road, 182. Milligan Place, 108. Mill Stones, 31, 314, 406. Minetta Brook. 8, 71. Minetta Street, 81. Minniesland, Home of Audubon, it;3. Minto Farm, 328. Mitchell House, Flushing, 306. Monnot Mansion, 204. Monroe, Tames, Death Place, 100. Montaerne's Creek, 147- Montague's Point, 147. Montgomery Cottage, 190. Montresor's Island, 137. Monument Lane, 80. MONUMENTS: see Appendix B, p. 377. Moore Houses, ii5» 161, 278, 291, 297, 393- Moravian Cemetery, 339. Morgan Residence, 214. Morningside Heights, 125. Morosini Mansion, 184. Morris, Clara, Home of, 184. Morris High School, 19^. Morris Houses, Morrisania, 183, I95. 199, 202. Morris, Roger, Mansion, 153, 156. Morris Street, 17. Morrisania, 199. Morse. S. F., Tablet, 112. Morton Homes, 19. 76. Mosholu, 183, Mott Burying Ground, Maspeth, 287. Mott Homestead, 121. Mott Hous^, 315. Mott Mansion, 195. Mott Memorial Dutch Reformed Church, 195, 198. Mount Morris Park, 147. Mt. Napoleon, 281. Mt. Tompkins, 335. Mt. Washington Presbyterian Church, 173. Mt. Zion Cemetery, 288. Mouquin's Restaurant, 114. Mulberry Bend Park. 98. Municipal Bu''ding, 65. Murray Hill, 117, 309. Murray Houses. 309. Muscoota, 147. MIJSP2UMS: see Appendix D, p. 395. National Arts Club. iio. National Maine Monument, 120. Narrow Passage, 291. Narrows, The, 2.';8. Nautilus Hall, 33.'). Navy Yard, 23.';, 243-244. Neck Road, 262. Negro Burying Ground, Bronx, 197. Negro Burying Ground, Newtown, 299. Negro Burying Ground Site, 170. Neutral Ground, 176. Neville House, 328. New Amsterdam Theatre, Painting in, 139. New Blazing Star, 334. New Dorp, 339. New Lots, 253, 254. New Springville, 333. New Street, 21. New Utrecht, 2.S9, 260. • New York Bank. 28. New York City Marble Cemetery, 92. New York Gazette, Tablet, 30. New York Genealogical and Bio- graphical Society, 120. New York Historical Society, 26, 91, 120. New York Hotel. 102. New York Marble Cemetery, 92. New York Public Library, 117, 398, New York Society Library, 109, 400. New York State Prison, 75. New York Stock Exchange, 32. New York University Bridge, 170. New York University Building (Old). 80. New York University Buildings (New), 189. Newtown, 274, 297 et seq. Niblo's Garden and Theatre. 100. Nieuw Amersfoot, 249. Nieuw Haerlem. 147. Nipnichsen, Indian Village of, 172, i8s. Nolan House, 347. Nolan's Hotel, 201. North Beach, 279. North Brother Island, 203. North Dutch Church, 63." North Fort, 79. Northern Dispensary. 82. Nostrand House, 2S9. Nottston. 277. Numismatic Society, Museum of, I. S3. Nutter's Battery, 146. Oak Villa, 123. Oakley House, 347. Odell's Barns, 214. Odellville, 133. Ogden Mansion. 211. Old Bowery Road, 278. Old Brewery, 98, Old Broadway, 151. Old Brook School-house. 288. Old Mill. 2«;3, 344. Old Mill Village. 2S3. Old Place Mill. 33 i. Old Point Comfort Inn, 214. Old Stone Gate House, 199. 416 INDEX Old Stone Jug. 212. Old Tabernacle, 349. Old Wreck Brook, 21, 6.e;, 97. Oliver Street Baptist Church, 97. Oude Dorp, 325. Out Plantations, The, 274, 275. Oyster Island, 35. Oyster Market, 73. Paine, Thomas, Home, 81. Paisley Place, 107. Parade Ground. The, iii, 182. Paradise Park, 98. Park Avenue Tunnel, 117. Parker-Clausen House, 342. Park Theatre, 57. Parsonage Farm House, Newtown, 303. Parsonage Lot, Jamaica, 310. Patten House, 341. Patti, Adelina, Home, 193. Paul House, 205. Pavilion Hill, 335. Pavilion Hotel, 327. Pavonia, 324. Paynter House, 277, 314. Pearl Street, 5, 20, 30, 31, 62. Peck House, 253. Pelham Bridge 215;. Pell Family Burying Ground, 210. Pell Houses, 210. 211. Pell Point, Battle. 176. Pell Treaty Oak, 210. Penfield Homestead, 193. Pentecostal Tabernacle, 228. Pero-Christopher House, 333. Perrine Homestead. 339- Peter Cooper Tenements, 233. Petticoat Lane. 21. Pettit's Hotel, Jamaica, 316. Piewoman's Lane, 26. Pitt. William, Statue of. 28. Planter's Hotel, 66, 335- Player's Clubhouse, no. Pleasant Avenue, 149. Plymouth Church, 241. Foe, Edgar Allan, Homes, 83, 123, 176, 201. Poe Park 201. Point of Rocks, 126. Police Court. 99. Pompeian Columns, 32. Poole, Townsend, Cottage, 189. Poor Bowery, The, 279. Port Morris, 196, 203. Port Richmond, 330. Port Richmond Hotel, 330. Porter, Gen. Josiah, Statue, 182. Post House, 331. Post Office, 54. 55, 61. POST ROADS, 55, I45. 3i7, Ap- pendix A. p. 371. Post's Tavern, 165. Pot Cove. 281. Potter's Field, 210. Powell Farm House, 199. Praa, Peter, House, 231. Presbyterian Church, Astoria, 283. Presbyterian Church, Brick, 57, 117. Presbyterian Church, First (Nlanhat- tan), 26, 108. Presbyterian Church, Jamaica, 312. Presbyterian Church, Newtown, 302. Presbyterian Church, Second Ave- nue, lOI. Presbyterian Church, Spring Street, 76. Presbyterian Church, \\ est Farms, 213. Prime House, 135. Prince Mansion, Flushing, 305. Prince's Nursery, 304- Prison Ships. Revolutionary, 244, Progress Hall, 330. Prospect Hill Avenue, 211. Prospect Park, 245. Public Schools: 97, 102, 242. Public School 52, Manhattan, 173. Pudding Rock, 212. Punta Rossa House, 37. Purdy Houses, 213, 291. Purdy's Hotel, 350. Purdy's National Theatre, 97. Quaker Meeting House, Flushing, 305. Quaker Meeting Houses, Manhattan, 61, 91. Quaker Meeting House, Newtown, 303. Quarantine Ferry Landing, 335. Quarantine Station, 337. QUEENS BOROUGH, 274. Queen Charlotte Tavern, 43. Oueensboro Bridge. 227. Queen's Farm, 8. Queen's Head Tavern, 287. Quiet Dale, 147. Randall's Island, 137. Rapalye Houses, 254, 265, 279, 280, 285, 292, 293, 294. Rattlesnake Brook, 214. Rattlesnake Spring, 292. Ravenswood, 281. Reason Street. 81. Reeder House, 300. Reformed Dutch Churches: see Dutch Reformed, etc. Reid's Mill. 214. Remsen Burying Ground, 296. Remsen House. 241. Renne, Samuel, House, 302. Republican Club, 139. Revolutionary Cannon, 21, 38, 62, 64, 139, 146. Revolutionary Earthworks, 146, i5">f 164. 165. 167. Rhinelander Sugar House, 6s, 182. Richardson House, 196. Richmond, 343. INDEX Richmond County Court House, 344. Richmond Hill Mansion. 76. Richmond Terrace, 329. Richmond V^alley, 349. RICHMOND BOROUGH, 325. Ridgeway House, 334. Riker Houses, 279, 291. Road from the Ferry, Maspeth, 287- Roberts Homestead, 20=;. Robinson, Morris, Tablet, 29. Rocking Stone, The, 202. Rocky Hill Road, Flushing, 304- ROCKS AND TREES, HISTORIC, 403. Rodman Mansion, 211. Roman Catholic Church, St. Peter's, 59, 116. Roman Catholic Church of Trans- figuration, 98. Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, 190. Roosevelt Street, 6.s- Roosevelt, Theodore, Birthplace, no. Rose and Crown House, 341. Rose Hill Farm, 112. Rose Hill Manor, 201. Rossville, 347. Rotunda, The, eg. Rustdorp, 310. Rutger's ^lansion, 78. Rutherford Mansion. loi. Ryder's Alley, 63. Ryder Houses, 250. Ryder Lane, 2!^o. Ryerson's Mill, 277, 314- Sackett House, 293. Sailor's Snug Harbor, 328. St. Alphonsus' Church, 78. St. Andrew's Church, Richmond, 343* St. Ann's Episcopal Church, 195, 198. St. Ann's Hall, Flushing, 307. St. Anthony's R. C. Church, Origi- nal, 231 St. Clement's Church, 81. St. Cornelius, Chapel of, 35, St. Esprit, du, Church, 61, 113. St. Francis Xavier, College of, 107. St. George, 327. St. George Building, 63. St. George's Church, 91, loi. St. George's Episcopal Church, As- toria, 283. St. George Episcopal Church, Flush- ing, 307. St. James Episcopal Church, New- St. James Episcopal Church, New- town, 300. St. James Hotel, Port Richmond, 330. St. James Pro-Cathedral, 242. St. John the Divine, Cathedral, I2fi. St. John's Cemetery, 76, 295. St. John's Chapel, 78. St. John's College, 201. St. John's Lane. 78. St. John's Lutheran Church, 81, St. John's Lutheran Church, New Utrecht, 259. St. John's Park, 78. St. Joseph's Academy, 307. St. Luke's Chapel, ye,. St. Mark's Hotel, 327. St. Mark's-in-the-Bowery Church, 89. St. Mary's R. C. Church, 99. St. Michael's Episcopal Church, 123. St. Nicholas Church, 19. St. Ronan's Well, 293. St. Patrick's Cathedral, 119. St. Patrick's R. C. Church, 100. St. Paul's Chapel, 58. St Paul's Church, Eastchester, 214. St. Paul's Churchyard, 215. St. Peter's R. C. Church, S9, 116. St. Peter's R. C. Church, Westches- ter, 207. St. Peter's Rectory, Westchester, 207. St. Thomas Hall, Flushing, 307. Samler House, 184. Sands Land, 99. Sanford Hall, Flushing, 307. Santa Anna, Gen., Residence, 330. Sappokanican, 8, 71. Saw Mill Brook, 212. Schenck-Crooke House, 249. Schenck House, Canarsie, 253, 254, 264, 265. Schermerhorn Farm House, 134. Schermerhorn Mansion, 112. Schorakin, 149, Schreyer's Hoek, 20. Schurz, Carl, Memorial 140 Scotch Presbyterian Church, 61. Scott-Edwards House, 329. Scott, Winfield, Mansion, 135. Screven's Point, 203. Sea and Land Church, 91. Seaman House, 345. Seaman's Retreat, 337. Seamen's Church Institute, 37, 38. Seguine House, 345. Seguine's Point, 347. Seton Cave, Falls, 214. Sevilla Home, 196. Seward Park, 99. Seward Statue, iii. Shakespeare Tavern, 63. Shell Road, Newtown, 288, 298. Sherman, W. T., Statue, 119. Sherman's Creek, 171. "Shoemaker's Pasture," 64. Shora-kapkok, 172. Shore Road Boulevard, 283. Shot Tower, Youle's, 134. Signs Road, 351. Simonson House, 334. Skillm.an House, 234. Skillman Avenue, 277. Skinner's Road, 73. Smith's Folly, 134. Smith's Island, 274, 287. Smith's Meadows, Newtown, 303. Smit's V'ly, 61. Smoking Point, 347. vSmuggler's Cave, 134. 418 INDEX Snake Hill, 147. Snedeker Houses, 253, 254, 264. Snuggery, Concord, 339. Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Arch, 245. Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, 123, 316. Soldiers' Monument, Flushing, 315, 316. Somerindyke House, 122. Southampton Road, 73, 115. South Brother Island, 203. South Meadows, 295, 303. Spencer Mansion, 81. Split Rock, 211. Spring Garden, 59. Spring Hill Fstate, 308. Springsteen Homestead, 295. Spy House, 212. Spy Oak, The, 205. Stadt Huys, 30. State Street, 19, 37. State Mansion, 19. Staten Island, 324. Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, 327. STATUES. Appendix B. p. 377. Statues in Prospect Park, 246. Steamship Row, 19. Stein way, 285. Stenton Residence, 201. Stepping Stones Light, 210. Steuben, Baron, Monument of, 135. Stevens House, 17, 37, 281. Stewart A. T., Grave of, 89. Stewart's Cafe, 57, 66. Stilwell House, 250, 262. Stock Exchange, 3?. Stone Street, 20. Stony Brook, 324. 339, 341. Strand, The, 20. Streets, Early, 5. Strickland's Tavern, 308. Striker Houses, 121, 248. Striker's Bav, 121. Stuyvesant Houses, 20, 89, 91. Stuyevsant Pear Tree, 91. Stuyvesant Statue, 21. Stuyvesant Square, 91. Stuyvesant Tomb, 89. Sub-Treasury, 26. Suicide Slip, 78. Sun Building, 57. Sunnyside, Home of Peter Hoe, 196. Sunset Lane, 165. Sunswick Creek, 283. Suydam, Dow, Homestead of, 296. Suydam's Mill, 283. Swamp, The, 64. Swan Hotel. 329. Swinburne Island, 347. Sylvan Place, 147. TABLETS: Appendix B, p. 377. Tallapoosa Club House, 215. Tammany Hall, 57, 109. Tavern, Ye Olde. 66. Taylor, Bayard, Home of, 109. Teawater Pump, 97. Tetard, Dominie, Farm of, 190. Thalia Theatre, 97. Thames Street, 60. Theatre Alley, 57. Thirteen Trees, 151, 193. Throgg's Neck, 203. Times Square, 139. Tin Pot Alley, 22, Tippett Mansion, 181, 185. Tilden, Samuel J., House, no. Titus, Content, Houses, 294, 298. Titus' Mill, 294. Todt Hill, 339- Tombs, The, 98. Tompkins Farm House, 295. Tompkins, Gov. D. T., Tomb of, 89. Tontine Coffee House, 29. Totten Homestead, 287. Tottenville, 349. Tower Building, 21. Townsend Castle, 337. Townsend, Henry, House of, Ja- maica, 313. Townsend Poole Cottage, 189. Track House, 342. Trains Meadow, 279. Transfiguration Church, 98. TREES, ROCKS, etc., HISTORIC. 403. Trinity Cemetery, 152. Trinity Church, 8. 23, 25. Trotting Course Lane, 295. Try on Row, 55. Tubby Hook, 173. Tulip Tree, 172, 174. Tunissen's Xeck, 331. Turner, Peter, Bust, 242. Turtle Bay, 133. Twain, Mark, Former Home, 184. Twelfth Street School, 109. Twin Island, 211. Tyler House, 329. Underbill Burying Ground, 213. Underbill Covert Farm House, 288. Union Avenue, Xewtown, 299. Union Hill Academy, 312. Union Hotel, Xewtown, 301. Union House, 112, 349. L'nion Road, Old, 107, L'nion Square, 106. L'nion Theological Seminary, 126. United States Arsenal, 1 1 United States Branch Bank. 29. United States Marine Hospital, 235. United States Hotel, 37, 63. United States Xaval Sluseum, 264. United States Ship Canal, 169. L'pper Cortlandt's. 185. Upper Road to the Ferry, Xewtown, 302. \'alcntine Farm House. 201. \'alentine Homestead, 193. X'allence's Bark Mill, 302. INDEX Van Alst Avenue, 283. Van Alst House, 277. ^'an Bcuren House, 107. \'an Brunt House, 253, 259. \'an Buren. Gen., Home of, 335. \'an Cleef House, 262. \'an Cortlandt Burial Vault, 182. \'an Cortlandt Gardener's Cottage, 18.S. Van Cortlandt Grist Mill, 182. \'an Cortlaiidt House, Original, 182. \'an Cortlandt Lake, 182. A'an Cortlandt Mansion, 181. \'an Cortlandt ^^liller's House, 184. \'an Cortlandt's on the Hill, 185. \'an der Donck House, 182. Van der Donck Planting Field. 182. \'an der Heuvel ^Mansion, 123. \'an Duyn Homestead, 296. \'an Keulen's Hook, 149. \'an Xuyse-Magaw Homestead, 251 YuTi Pelt Academy, 330. \'an Pelt Cottage, 331, Van Pelt Houses, 260, 347. Van Pelt-Decker House, 260. Van Raust House, 234. \'an Schaick Mansion, 205. \'an Sicklen Houses, 254, 313. Van Sinderen Hous^, 254. \'an Wicklen Mill, 253. Van \\'3'ck Houses, 249, 251, 312. \'anderbilt Houses, 247, 337, 342, 352. \ anderveer Houses 248, 254. \'anderveer Mill, 248, 254. \'an Oblinus, Farm of, 161. \'arian, Isaac. Homestead, 191. \'ault Hill, 182. \'auxhall Garden, 59, 93. Vechte-Ccrtelyou House, Tablet, 257, 265. *'\ erinor.t," The, 264. \'erlettenbergh, 21. Verveelen's First Ferry to Bronx, 149. \ mcent-Halsey House, 214. \'ietor House, Xewtown, 297. Vineyard Lot, 57. \'ly: see Fly. \nissingen, 275. \'olckert Dirksen, House, 231. X'oorhees House, 259. Voorhees-Sheppard House, 262. \'rcdeland, 207. \'redendal, 146, 147. \ rceland Houses, 333, 338. Wading Place, 169. W'.'ill Street, s, 6, 26. W'allabout Bay, 244. WaHabout -\L'irkct, 23.S, 244. Walton House, 64. Ward House, 328. Ward's Island, 137, 281. Warpoes, 07. Warren House, 73. Warren Road, i 1 5. Washington Building, 15. Washington Hotel, 15. Washington ]^Iarket, 60, 66. Washington Memorial Arch. 80. ^^'a5^.ington Square, 80. Washington Statues, 26, 106, 140, 277. \\ ashmgton s Chestnut, 184. Washington's Departure, Tablet, 20. \\'ashington's Gun House, 193. Washington's Headquarters, 153, i56;9, 191- }\'ashington's Landing, 79. Washington's Well, 131. Washingtonville, 193. W^ater Poort, 26. Way Farm House, Xewtovvn, 287, \\'ebb Shipbuilder's Home and Academj^ 190, W'ebster, Daniel, Home, 17. Weehawken Duelling Grounds, 124. \\'eeha\vken Street, 75. Wessell's Brook, 279. West India Company, 20, 22, 31, West Farms, 213. West Farms Presbyterian Church, 213. West House, 308. West Riding of Yorkshire, 275. West Washington Market, 60. Westchester Creek Causeway, 207. V\'estchester Path, 372. \\'estchester A^illage, 176, 2^5, 207. Whipping Post and Gallows, Rich- mond, 344. White Hall. 20. \\^hitehall Ferry, 45. White Horse Inn. 21. Whitepot Road, School. 295. Whitestone, 275, 309. \\'hitestone Road, Flushing, 304. Whitlock ]\Iansion, 196. \\'ilkins Farmhouse, 203. Willett Tract and Burying Ground, 308. Willett iMarinus, Tablet, 32. William Street, 30. Williams House, Williamsbridge, }^}- Williamsbridge, 191. \\'illiamsburg, 227. Williamison House, 262. \\'iltsee House, Astoria, 284. Wiman, Erastus, House of, 345. Winant House, 347. \\ inant-Tohnson House, 352. Windmill Lane, 60. Wolf Pit, 334. Wolf Pit Hill Farm, 309. Wolf Swamp, 291. Wolf's Lane, 211. \\'oodard House, 289. Woodhull, Gen.. 2S9. Woodlawn Cemetery, 193. Wood Point Road. 232. Woods of Arden House, 347* Woodsidc, 291. \\'oodside, Bronx, 196. IXDEX Woodward or Woodard House, 2S9, 297. W'oolf Farm, 187. W'oolsey. Edward, House of, 284. Wright Homestead, 308. Wyckoff Houses, 255, 265, 285, 289, 315. Ye Olde Tavern, 66. Yonk-Herr's Land. 182. Yorkville, 133. Zborowski Mansion, 199. Zerega's Point, 204. Zoological Garden, 202, 400. This Index was prepared under the supervision of Samuel C. Cohen, aided by David Rosenberg. Lonis Schneider and Morris Slutsky and other mem- bers of the DeWitt Clinton City History Club. 421 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CITY HISTORY CLUB (105 West 40th Street) HISTORICAL EXCURSION LEAFLETS * No. I. — City Hall to Wall Street, 20 pp., 2 cuts, 4 maps; 5 cents. Revised 1910. * No. II. — Greenwich Village and Lispenard's Meadows, 16 pp., 3 maps; 5 cents. * No. III. — The Bowery and East Side, 16 pp., 3 maps; 5 cents. * No. IV. — Central Park to Kingsbridge, 20 pp., 5 maps; 5 cents. * No. V. — The 19th Century City; loth Street to 125th Street; 36 pp., 5 maps; 10 cents. Revised 1912. * No. VI. — Fraunces' Tavern, 12 pp., i map, 3 cuts; 5 cents. Revised 1912. * No. VII. — South of Wall Street, 32 pp., 4 maps, 6 cuts; 10 cents. 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Bonnell. Paul Bonynge. Charles A. Boody. Hon. David A. Boody. William A. Boring. E. B. Boynton. Nicholas F. Biady. William C. Breed. Herbert L. Bridgmnn. Nathaniel L. Britton, Sc.D., Ph.D. C. C. Brown. Elmer E. Brown, Ph.D., LL.D. Tames W. Brown. Andrew F. Burleigh. D. J. Burrell, D.D. John H. Burroughs. /. R. Butler. Nicholas M. Butler. LL.D., Litt.D. Hon. William M. Calder. Herman H. Cammann. Hugh N. Camp, Jr. James G. Cannon. Hon. Jacob A. Cantor. Andrew Carnegie, LL.D. Gen. Howard Carroll. John Carstensen. v.. R. Chapman. William Hamlin Childs. Hon. Joseph H. Choate. Hon. Thomas W. Churchill. John Claflin. Henry Clews, Ph.D., LL.D. ICdward K. Cone. Hon. Maurice E. Connelly. Hugh Connolly. Cesare Conti. Edmund C. Converse. John C. Cook. Robert Grier Cooke. P. IL Cooms. William E. Corey. Hon. George B. Cortelyou. Clarkson Cozvl. Hon. J. Sergeant Cram. C. Ward Crampton, M.D. Walter S, Crandell, Rev. R. J^ulton Crary, D.D. John B. Creighton. Hon. John D. Crimmins. Hon, George Cromwell. William N. Cromwell. Warren Cruikshank, Col. Michael J. Cummin gs. Andrew Cuneo. Hon. H. H. Curran. R. Fulton Cutting, LL.D. Charles F. Daly. Com. Fred B. Dazell. H. W. Dearborn. Albert de Cernea, Hon. Robert W. de Forest. John D. DeFriest. Joseph L. Deiafield. Richard Deiafield. William C. Demorest. William D. Dickey. Charles PL Ditson. John Dowd. Hon. Frank L. Dowling. Edward A. Drake. Henry Russell Drownc. Hon. Michael J. Drummond. Geo. Duck. Gen. George R. Dyer. John C. Fames. Edward ?2arl. George L. Egbert. George Ehret. Hon. William B. Ellison. Amos F. Eno. Hon. John E. Eustis. (Clarence L. Fabre. Samuel W. Fair child. His Eminence John Cardinal I'arlev. Terence Farley. Stephen Farrelly. John J{. Fin ley. Ph.D., LL.D. Trustees names in italics. 424 TERCENTENARY COMMISSION Stuyvesant Fish. W. C. Fisk. Prof. Henry T. Fleck. Bert hold Flesch, M.D. Joseph X. Francolini. W. C. Freeman. John C. Freund. Henry C. Frick. Charles H. Fi.llcr. Michael Furst. Col. Asa Bird Gardiner. Elbert H. Gary. L. 1>, Gawtry. James Gayley. Charles E. Gehring. John V. Geis. Isaac Gimbel. George J. Gould. Benedict J. Grcenhut . ] B. Greenhut. Rt. Rev. David H. Greer, D.D. Henry E. Gregory, T. Greidanus. Murray Guggenheim. Herbert F. Gunnison. A. E. Had lock. William H. Hale, Ph.D. Edivard Hagajnan Hall, L H.D. Maj. Isaac A. Hall. Matthew P. Halp^in. J. VV. H. Hamilton. Hon. John Hays Hammond. C. C. Hanch. J. E. Hardenbergh. Hon. Robert L. Harrison. Ernest Harrier. Hon. A. Augustus Healy. Col. H. O. S. Heistand, U.S.A. John A. Hennessy. Hon. A. Barton Hepburn. Samuel V. Hoffman. Edward Holbrook. Eansing C. Holden. Richard G. Hollaman. William Homan. R. H. I^Doper. John J. Hopper. Major F. L. \'. Hoppin. Walter B. Hopping. Roy W. Howard. Hon. William B. Howland. Hon. Charles E. Hughes. Andre -V B. H umphrey. Archer M. Huntington, Litt.D. G. Murray Hurlbert. David H. Hyman. Arthur Curtiss James. A. E. Johnsvjn. Joseph French Johnson, D.C.S. Prof. Henry P. Johnston. Willianx A. Johnston. J. Harris Jones. Lucien J our and. Otto II. Kahn. Robert C. Kammerer. Trustees Hon. Benjamin A. Keiley. Hon. Ardolph L. Kline. Cornelius G. Kolff. George F. Runs, Ph.D., Sc.D. Hans Lagerlof. Charles R. Lamb. Leopold L. Langrock. Edward Lauterbach, LL.D, IVilliam J. Lee. H. M. Leipziger, Ph.D., LL.D. Hon. Jefferson M. Levy. Nelson P. Lewis. W. V. Lifsey. Austin W. Lord. Stephen Lounsbery, R. Fulton Ludlow. Clarence H. Mackay. A. E. MacKinnon. Tubus D. xMahr. Hon. Milo R. Maltbie. Hon. Alrick H. Man. William A. Marble. Hon. Marcus M. Marks. Hon. Douglas Mathewson. William H. Maxwell, Ph.D., LL.D. Hon. William G. McAdoo. Hon. George McAneny. Thomas F. McAvoy. Hon. George B. McClellan. Hon. Charles ]. McCormack. Alfred J. McGrath. Tohn J. McKelvey. S. C. Mead. William R. Mead. Rev. H. Pereira Mendes, D.D. S. A. Miles. Hon. Cyrus C. Miller. L. E. Miller. Hon. John Purroy Mitchel. Henry Morgenthau. Lewis R. Morris, M.D. Frank A. Munsey. Joseph Brady Murray. Wiiliam C. Muschenheim. Adolph I. Namm. William A. Xash. George L. Xaught. * Gorge W. Xeville. Hon. William W. Xiles. E. A. Xorman. Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien. Dr. Joseph J. O'Connell. Hon. fames A. O'Gorman. Hon. Arthur T. O'KeefTe. Eben E. Olcolt. Robert Olyphant. Henry F. Osboru. Ph.D., LL.D. Eugene H. Outerbridge. Col. Willis S. Paine. Hon. Alton B. Parker. John E. Parsons. Wm. l>arclay Parsons, LL.D. Hon. George IV. Perkins. Ralph Peters. Hon. N. Taylot Phi Hits. imes in italics. 425 TERCENTENARY COMMISSION Lewis E. PiersoJi. John B, Pine. W. H. Pleasants. Hon. Frank L. Polk. Hon. Lewis H. Pounds. lohn A. Poynton. Frederick B. Pratt. Hon. William A. Pendergast. Charles W. Price. Hon. Cornelius A. Pugsley. W illiam E. Pulsifer. A. A. Raven. H. H. Raymond. Xorman B. Ream. Fred A. Reed. H''i!li(i)n C. Rcick. Charles E. Rcid. Daniel G. Reid. Rev. Christian F. Reisncr. Hon. Herman Ricidcr. Carl Ridemeister. Edzcard P. V. Rittcr. (leorge L. Rives, LL. D. Rev. Spencer S. Roclie. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Hon. Elihu Root. I'rederick W. Rubien. Henry Ruhlander. Co!. Jacob Rui)i)ert. Willis Wilmington Russell. Thomas F. Ryan. Col. Henry [V . Sackett. v. Augustus Schermerhorn. Hon. Charles A. Schieren. Jacob H. Schifr. Leo Schlesinger. Walter Scott. George Martin Seeley. William B. Seldon.^' Isaac X. Seligman. Col. John L. Shepherd. Hon. Theodore F. Shonts. Henrv Siegel. A. Silz. William Simmons. Hon. John A. Sleicher. IVank W. Smith. George Carson Smith. Hon. R. A. C. Smith. Thomas F. Smith. Luigi Solari. Xelson S. Spencer. James Speyer. Charles E. Sfraff. Charles Stecklcr. lion. Alfred E. Steers. T. H. Steinhardt v. W. Woolworth. John A. Stewart. Hon. Wm. R. Stewart. Anthony E. Stillger. Rev. Ernest M. Stires, D.D. Edii'ard W. Stitt, Ph.D. Melville E. Stone. Hon. Charles B. Stover. Jacob Stumpf. Hon. James E. Sullivan. Henry W. Taft. IV il lard U. Taylor. Elmer Thompson. Hon. Calvin Tomkins. Hon. Charles A. Towne. Henry R. Ton'ne. Albert Ulmann. \Villiam J. Underwood. Samuel Untermeyer. Theodore N. Vail, LL.D. Lee J. N ance. William S. Van Clief. Cornelius Vanderbilt. William K. Vanderbilt. Abram Wakeman. Hon. Rhinelander Waldo. Hon. Judson G. Wall. Henry Walters. Hon. Tohn Wanamaker. Paul W. Warburg. Whitney Warren. Hon. Bartow S. Weeks. Hon. James L. Wells. Edmund Wetmore. Maior Robert A Widenmaim. W.' H. Wiley. Hon. William R. Willcox. Arthur Williams. Talcott Williams, L.H.D., LL.D. T. S. WilHams. Francis ^L Wilson. Hon. E. L. Winthrop, Tr. Charles B. Wolffram. William J. Wollman. Henry A. Wise Wood. Otis Fenner Wood. Major James Otis Woodward. James C. Young. John R. Young. William Zieglcr. Jr. Mayors of Cities (Members ex-officio). Albany Hon. Joseph W. Stevens. Amsterdam Hon. J, H. Dealy. Auburn Hon. C. W. Brister. Beacon Hon. J. A. Frost. Binghamton Hon. John J. Irving. Buffalo Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann. Canandaigua Hon. Peter P. Turner. Trustees names in italics. 426 TERCENTENARY COMMISSION. Cohoes Hon. James S. Calkins. Corning Hon. Lewis N. Lattin. Cortlandt Hon. Walter H. Angell. Dunkirk Hon. J. T. Sullivan. Elmira Hon. Harry N. Hoffman. Fulton Hon. Frank E. Fox. Geneva Hon. Reuben H. Gulvin. Glens Falls Hon.. IV. Irving GrifHng. Gloversville Hon. G. VV. Schermerhorn. Hornell Hon. Frank J. Nelson. Hudson Hon. Louis Van Hoesen. Ithaca Hon. Thomas Tree. Jamestown Hon. Samuel A. Carlson. Johnstown Hon. Clarence W. Smith. Kingston Hon. Palmer CanHcld, Jr. Lackawanna Hon. John 1. Sidney. Little Falls Hon. Frank H. Shall. Lockport Hon. George A. Brock. ]\liddletown Hon. Rosslyn M. Cox. Mount X^ernon Hon. Edwin W. Fiske. Nezvburgh Hon. John B. Corzvin. Xew Rochelle Hon. Edward Stetson Griffing, Xew York Hon. John Purroy Mitchel. Xiagarn Falls .....Hon. William Laughlin. Xorth Tonavvanda Hon. John A. Rafter. Ogdensburgh ,. Hon. Charles D. Hoard. Glean ; Hon. W. H. Simpson. Oneida Hon. Otto Pfaff. Oneonta Hon. Joseph S. Lunn. Oswego Hon. Thomas F. Hennes-iey. Plattsburgh Hon. W. H. Gof¥. Port Jervis Hon. Frank Lybolt. Poughkeepsic Hon. Daniel W. Wilher. Rensselaer Hon. Frederick Ruhloff. Rochester Hon. Hiram H. Edgerton. Rome Hon. H. C. Midlam. Schenectady Hon. J. Teller Schoolcraft. Syracuse Hon. Louis Will. Tonawanda Hon. Albert J. Cordes. Troy .r Hon. Cornelius F. Burns. Utica « Hon. James D. Smith. Watertown Hon. Isaac R. Breen. IVatervlict Hon. Edivin W. Joslin. Yonkers Hon. James T. Lcnnon. Athens Hon. William M. Collier. Castleton Hon. Christian Peters. Catskill Hon. Willis A. Haines. Cold Spring Hon. Charles M. Selleck. Orinth Hon. J. Finley Work. Cornwall Hon. William R. Cocks, Coxsackie Hon. Henry A. Jordan. Croton-on-Huds(yn Hon. Charles E. Anderson, Dobbs F'erry Col. Franklin Q. I'.rown, Fishkill Hon. John P. Dugan. P'ort Edward .... Hon. Alfred Drown. Green Island Hon. John McGowan. Hastings-on-Hudson Hon. T. F. Reynold. Haverstraw Hon, Thomas J. Freeman. Trustees names in italics. 427 TERCENTENARY COMMISSION Presidents of Villages (Members ex-officio). Hudson Falls lion. Russel C. Paris. Irvington Hon. M. S. Beltzhoover. Mechanicsville Hon. John F. Green. North Tarrytown Hon. Samuel T. Horton. Xyack Hon. James Kilby. Ossining Hon. J. E. Hollo. Peekskill Hon. Thomas Nelson, Jr. Piermont Hon. John R. Wood. Red Hook Hon. William S. Massoneau. Rhinebeck Hon. Charles A. Marquet. Saugerties Hon. William Ziegler. Schuylerville Hon. H. C. Munson. South Glens Falls Hon. Thomas H. Goundry. South Nyack Hon. F. E. Leaycraft. Stillwater Hon. William R. Palmer. Tarrytown Hon. F. R. Pierson. Tivoli Hon. P. H. Morey. Upper Nyack Hon. Frank R. Crumbie. \ ictory Mills Hon. M. E. Kelly. Wappingers Falls Hon. John W. Mullen. Waterford Hon. Anthony J. Weaver. West Haverstraw Hon. Louis Adler. 428 NEW YORK CITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE A READING LIST NEW AMSTERDAM ABOUT 16 30 THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 1914 form 1.-005 Ivl i-8-H SOiiil MANHATTAN Mans greatest miracle is accomplished here. Steeple and dome he hurls high in the air, Until, like dreams in marble and in stone, They lift their wonder to a world ama::ed. Behind the poem is the poet's sonl; Behind the canvas throbs the artist's heart; Behind all music lie nnfathomed tones Known only dimly to one Master mind. So here, when visions of new beauty rise. Behind them float the dreams of cities old Fallen now to silence, with the dust of kings. Who wrought these granite ghosts, saw more than we May ever see. He saw pale, tenuous lines On some age-mellowed shore where cities rose Proudly as Corinth or imperial Rome ; He saw, through mists of vision, Baghdad leap To immaterial being, and he sought To snatch one curve from her elusive domes; He saw lost Nineveh and Babylon, And Tyre, and all the golden dreams of Greece, Columns and fanes that cannot be rebuilt, Ev'n as Shakespearian lines can never sing Again on any poefs resplendent page, But the vague Source of these most lovely things Were his for one high instant ; and he caught Their spirit and their glory for all time. These are the shadows of far nobler walls. The wraiths of ancient pomp and glittering days. Set here by master minds and master souls. Almost as wonderful as mountains are. Mysterious as the petals of a flower. — Charles Hanson Towne. (From his Manhattan, p. 36-37, published by Mitchell Kennerley.) ' 3 This list was compiled to meet the many enquiries of citizens of New York and visitors to the city in relation to its history, the development of its trade and transportation, and its historic sites. The longer histories have been purposely omitted. A star (*) indicates that a book is out of print or not easily obtained. The library does not circulate the starred books, but they may all be consulted at the Central Library and many of them may be seen at the branch libraries. In the preparation of this list, the compiler has received valuable suggestions from Mr. Wilberforce Eames and Mr. Robert A. Campbell of The New York Public Library and Dr. Frank Bergen Kelly of the City History Club of New York. From September 15 to October 15 an exhibit of books, old prints and pictures relating to New York City is held in the Children's Room of the Central Building. 4 CONTENTS HISTORY The Discovery. Giovanni da Verrazano discovers the Island of Mana- HA-TA. 1524. Henry Hudson sails up the ''River of Mountains."" 1609. New Amsterdam. 1626-1664. Peter Minuit purchases Manhattan Island from the Indians. The Patroons and the Old Manor Houses. Peter Stuyvesant. 1647-1664. Nev^ Amsterdam becomes Nev^ York. Jacob Leisler. 1689-1691. The Revolutionary War. 1775-1783. John Andre. Nathan Hale. Alexander Hamilton. New York after the Revolution. The Civil War. Some General Histories. TRADE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT The West India Company. The Five Nations and the Fur Trade. Sir William Johnson. The Colonial Sea-Port. Privateers and Pirates. Captain Kidd. The Free City. The War of 1812. 5 Trade and its Development — The Free City, continued. Old Merchants of New York. John Jacob Astor. Peter Cooper. Samuel Morse and the Telegraph. 1791-1872. Transportation. Robert Fulton. The Erie Canal. Railroads. The Elevated Railroad. Brooklyn Bridge and other Bridges. Tunnels. The Old Subways. The New Subways. The Barge Canal. THE MODERN CITY The Catskill Aqueduct. Parks. The Statue of Liberty. Races of People in New York. Some Historic Places in the Modern City. The Battery. Bowling Green. Frauinces Tavern. Wall Street. The Bowery. Greenwich Village. Chelsea. Broadway. The Jumel Mansion. The Bronx. The Van Cortlandt Manor-House. Brooklyn. Staten Island. 6 NEW YORK CITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE Compiled by Elsie Gansevoort Seymour HISTORY "A wooded island upon the border of a vast, unexplored, picturesque wild, three thousand jniles from civilization, becomes within three centuries the seat of the arrogant metropolis of the Western world .. .'hardly did old Rome herself emerge from a more mysterious and fascinating crucible of legend and tradi- tion.' ' — Mrs. Lamb. The Discovery Giovanni da Verrazano discovers the island of Mana-ha-ta. 1524 Verrazano commanded the first French expedition to America sent out by King Francis I of France. Late in the year 1523 he started on his voyage across the Atlantic, in the "Dauphinc," hoping to reach China by a westward route. He discovered the American coast not far from North Carolina, and sailed northward as far as Newfoundland and thence back to France. Among other places, he stopped at New York harbor which he described as: ''A very pleasant place situated among certaine little, steepe hills; from amidst the which hills there ranne downe to the sea an exceeding great streme of water." Fiske, John. The Dutch and Quaker colonies in America, v. 1, p. 60-68. Houghton. Johnson, \V. H. Verrazano explores the coast of the United States. (In his World's discoverers, p. 177-188. Little.) Verrazano's voyage. (In Old South leaflets, v. 1, no. 17. Directors of the Old South work.) Verrazano's letter to the king describing his voyage. It is the earliest / description known to exist of the shores of the United States. Henry Hudson sails up the "River of the Mountains." 1609 Henry Hudson's third and most famous voyage was in the service of the Dutch East India Company. He sailed from Amsterdam in the "Half 7 Moon" about the first of April 1609, to search for a northerly passage to China. Instead, he found the mouth of the great river which now bears his name. He explored the river as far as Albany, having many encounters with the Indians; some of them were friendly "and brought tobacco and Indian wheat to exchange for knives and beades, and offered us no violence." Hudson described the new country as **The finest land for cultivation that I ever in my life set foot upon." Bacon, E. M. Henry Hudson; his times and his voyages. Putnam. The discovery of the Hudson River. (In Old South leaflets, V. 4, no. 94. Directors of the Old South work.) From the Journal of Robert Juet who kept the log of the "Half Moon." Griffis, W. E. The orange, white, and blue in the Hudson River. (In his Romance of discovery, p. 233-245. Wilde.) Higginson, T. W. Henry Hudson and the New Netherlands. (In his Book of American explorers, p. 279-307. Long- mans.) Janvier, T. A. Henry Hudson. Harper. A brief history of Henry Hudson and his four voyages. Johnson, W. H. Hudson's exploration of the Hudson River. (In his World's discoverers, p. 328-335. Little.) New Amsterdam. 1626-1664 As a result of Hudson's discovery the city of New Amsterdam was founded by the Dutch West India Company, and the Island of Manhat- tan was purchased from the Indians for a fe^y beads and trinkets worth about twenty-four dollars. The Company appointed a Director-General or Governor to manage the affairs of the colony. There were seven Dutch governors, the most important being: Peter Minuit, Wouter van Twiller, William Kieft and Peter Stuyvesant. John R'^meyn Brodhead writes of these early founders of New York: "To Holland they felt a deep, unalterable, hereditary attachment. Nor have the vicissitudes of time extinguished that sentiment in their descendants. Two centuries have scarcely weakened the veneration which citizens of New York of Dutch lineage proudly cherish toward the fatherland." De Vries, D. P. New Netherland in 1640. (In Old South leaflets, v. 7, no. 168. Directors of the Old South work.) From his "Short historical and journal notes" published in 1655. It gives glimpses of New Amsterdam and also of the Dutch and Indian life on the Hudson as far as Albany. * The Dutch on Manhattan. Harper's monthly magazine, v. 9, p. 433-453, 1854. Earle, A. M. Colonial days in old New York. Scribner. Social life and customs of the early Dutch settlers. 8 Fiske, John. The Dutch and Quaker colonies in America, v. 1. Houghton. Gordy, W. F. The Dutch and New Netherland. (In his Colonial days, p. 151-172. Scribner.) Griffis, W. E. The story of New Netherland; the Dutch in America. Houghton. Who the founders of the Empire State were, and what ideas and customs they brought to it. Hemstreet, Charles. Writers of New Amsterdam. (In his Literary New York, p. 1-24. Putnam.) * Higginson, T. W. Old Dutch times in New York. St. Nicholas, v. 1, p. 674-679, 1874. Innes, J. H. New Amsterdam and its people; studies, social and topographical, of the town under Dutch and Eng- lish rule. Scribner. Illustrated from old prints, portraits and maps. Irving, Washington. Dolph Heyliger. Heath. A legendary tale of the Dutch in New York. A history of New York; by Diedrich Knickerbocker. Putnam. An unhistorical histo-y. The legend of Sleepy Hollow. (In his Sketchbook, p. 474-521. Putnam.) "The dominant spirit, however, that haunts this enchanted region, and seems to be commander-in-chief of all the powers of the air, is the appari- tion of a figure on horseback without a head." — From The legend of Sleepy Hollow. Rip Van Winkle; illustrated by Arthur Rackham. Doubleday. A legend of the Catskills. "The. . .Catskill mountains have always been a region full of fable. The Indians considered them the abode of spirits, who influenced the weather, spreading sunshine or clouds over the landscape, and sending good or bad hunting seasons." — Washington Irving. Jameson, J. F. Narratives of New Netherland. 1609-1664. Scribner. Some of the most interesting of the contemporary Dutch narratives translated into English. Janvier, T. A. The Dutch founding of New York. Harper. The illustrations have been redrawn from old prints. Sage, A. C. A little colonial dame; a story of old Manhattan Island. Stokes. Steendam, Jacob. The complaint of New Amsterdam. (In Stevenson, B. E. Poems of American history, p. 53-54. Houghton.) Published in 1659. Jacob Steendam was the earliest poet in New Amsterdam. The praise of New Netherland. (In Stevenson, B. E. Poems of American history, p. 52-53. Houghton.) Tappan, E. M. Letters from colonial children, p. 188-232. Houghton. Letters written by Polly Bergen of New Amsterdam to her aunt in England. Van der Donck, Adrian. Description of the New Netherlands. (In Old South leaflets, v. 3, no. 69. Directors of the Old South work.) Written about 1655. *'The most important work which has come down to us describing New York in the early period." — Note. Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Schuyler. History of the city of New York. V. 1. Macmillan. The history of the settlement planted by the Dutch on the island of Manhattan from its earliest days until the fall of New Amsterdam. Peter Minuit purchases Manhattan Island from the Indians. 1626 "After these countries had passed into the hands of the Incorporated West India Company ... said Company purchased from the Indians, who were the indubitable owners thereof, the island of the Manhathes, situate at the entrance of the river, and there laid the foundations of a city." — The West India Company to the States General of the United Netherlands. Irving, Washington. A history of New York; by Diedrich Knickerbocker, p. 138-140. Putnam. Todd, C. B. Peter Minuit. (In his Story of the city of New York, p. 19-39. Putnam.) The Patroons and The Old Manor Houses "To encourage agriculture and to create permanent homes, the West India Company in 1629 issued its famous charter of 'Privileges and Exemp- tions.* This charter declared that any member of the Company who should within the next four years bring to New Netherland fifty grown-up persons and settle them in homes nlong the Hudson River should receive a liberal grant of land, to hold as 'patroon' or 'lord of the manor.**' — John Fiske. Bacon, E. M. Early settlers of the Hudson valley. (In his Hudson River from ocean to source, p. 87-99. Putnam.) An old Dutch town. (In his Hudson River from ocean to source, p. 516-549. Putnam.) 10 Brooks, E. S. The little lord of the manor. (In his Chivalric days, p. 283-308. Putnam.) A short story of Philipse manor during the Revolution Fiske, John. ''Privileges and exemptions." (In his Dutch and Quaker colonies, v. 1, p. 127-157. Houghton.) Grant, Mrs. A. M. Memoirs of an American lady; with sketches of manners and scenes in America, as they existed previous to the Revolution. Dodd. "Written nearly half a century after the occurrence of the events described, entirely from memory." - Preface. The "American Lady" was Madame Schuyler. Harland, Marion, pseud. Oak Hill, upon the Livingston manor. (In her Colonial homesteads, v. 1, p. 201-238. Putnam.) The Philipse manor-house. (In her Colonial home- steads, v. 1, p. 239-275. Putnam.) Humphreys, M. G. Catherine Schuyler. Scribner. "Through the position of her own family and as the wife of General Philip Schuyler, she is a representative figure among the women of the Dutch colony and the matrons of the Revolution." — Preface. Jameson, J. F. Narratives of New Netherland, p. 89-96. Scribner. A translation of the famous charter of "Privileges and Exemptions of Patroons" issued by the West India Company. Rayner, Emma. Free to serve. Page. A story of life in an old manor house on the Hudson. Peter Stuyvesant. 1647-1664 Peter Stuyvesant was the last and most famous of the Dutch gover- nors. "He came to Mimhattan in the employ of a mercantile corporation; but his whole heart and soul became enlisted in the welfare of the country of his adoption." — Mrs. Lamb. Barr, A. E. H. A maid of old New York; a romance of Peter Stuyvesant's time. Dodd. Bennett, John. Barnaby Lee. Century. How he escapes from pirates and of his adventures in New Amsterdam in the days of Peter Stuyvesant. Stedman, E. C. Peter Stuyvesant's New Year's call. (In Stevenson, B. E. Poems of American history, p. 54-56. Houghton.) Tuckerman, Bayard. Peter Stuyvesant, director-general for the West India Company in New Netherland. Dodd. A history of his administration. 11 New Amsterdam becomes New York In 1664 the English forced the Dutch to surrender their settlements, declaring them to be theirs by right of discovery, through the Pilgrims in 1620, and even through the Cabots as far back as 1497. The English took possession in the name of the Duke of York, in whose honor New Amster- dam was renamed New York. Altsheler, J. A. A soldier of Manhattan. Appleton. A story of the French and Indian war. Barr, A. E. H. The house on Cherry Street. Dodd. A story of New York in Governor Cosby's time in which Zenger and the ** Weekly Journal" are described. The "Weekly Journal" was started in 1734 by John Peter Zenger. It supported the popular party which was opposed to the Governor. Zenger was arrested on a charge of libel, but at his trial the jury returned a verdict of "not guilty." This trial is said to have secured the freedom of the press in America. * Creve-Coeur, St. John de. New York in 1772. Magazine of American history, v. 2, p. 748-751, 1879. Danckaerts, Jasper. Journal, 1679-1680; edited by Bartlett Burleigh James and J. Franklin Jameson. Scribner. "The journal of two m(>mbers of the Labadist sect who came over to this country in order to find a location for the establishment of a com- nuin!ty." — Introduction. * Earle, Mrs. A. M. Stage-coach and tavern days. Macr^illan. Fiske, John. The Dutch and Quaker colonies in America. V. 2. Houghton. * Freedom of the press vindicated. Harper's monthly maga- zine, V. 57, p. 293-298, 1878. Zenger's trial. * Gerard, J. W. The Dongan charter of the city of New York. Magazine of American history, v. 16, p. 30-49, 1886. An accouiU of Gov. Dongan's administration; illustrated. Hine, C. G. The New York and Albany post road. Hine. * Lamb, Mrs. M. J. The golden age of colonial New York. Magazine of American history, v. 24, p. 1-30, 1890. New York in 1768. * Old New York coffee-houses. Harper's monthly magazine, v. 64, p. 481-499, 1882. Parsons, C. VV. The first mayor of New York; Thomas VVillett. Magazine of American history, v. 17, p. 233- 242, 1887. After England had captured New York, the Dutch names of the city officials were changed from Schout, Burgomasters, and Schepcns to the English Mayor, Aldermen and Sheriff. Thomas Willett was the first mayor. He was appointed by Governor Nicolls in 1665. 12 Paulding, J. K. The Dutchman's fireside. Newson. A story of the old French and Indian war. Singleton, Esther. Social New York under the Georges, 1714- 1776; houses, streets and country homes, with chap- ters on fashions, furniture, china, plate and manners. Appleton. Smith, H. E. Colonial days and ways. Century. An account of the homes and amusements of the Dutch and English settlers. * Stevens, J. A. Old New York taverns. Harper's monthly magazine, v. 80, p. 842-864, 1890. Todd, C. B. English rule. (In his Story of the city of New York, p. 131-368. Putnam.) Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Schuyler. History of the city of New York, V. 2. Macmillan. The English period from 1664 to 1691. Williams, Sherman. Under English rule. (In his Stories from early New York history, p. 42-55. Scribner.) Jacob Leisler. 1689-1691. After the downfall of the Stuarts the popular party in New York rose, under Jacob Leisler, and seized the government. They held it until the arrival of Govi'rnor Sloughter, who had been appointed by William and Mary. He threw Leisler and his associate Milborne into prison. At their trial they were found guilty of high treason and were sentenced to be hung. Brooks, E. S. In Leisler's time. Lothrop. A story of "the real boys and girls who... romped and chatted in the little Knickerbocker town" and "an attempt to reclaim from unmerited oblivion the name. . .of .. .Jacob Leisler .. .the first representative of the American people and one of the remote causes of American independence." — Preface. Bynner, E. L. The Begum's daughter. Houghton. The Begum was an East Indian who married a Dutch gentleman living in New York. Leisler and his two daughters, Mary and Hester, are im- portant characters in the story as well as Catalina, the Begum's daughter. * Hemstreet, Charles. Flower of the Fort. Pott. A story of Leisler's daughter, Mary, who remained loyal to the governor. Roosevelt, Theodore. The usurpation of Leisler. (In his New York, p. 60-72. Longmans.) 13 Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Schuyler. History of the city of New York, V. 2, p. 403-568. Macmillan. Wilson, R. R. Leisler's rise and fall. (In his New York: old & new, v. 1, p. 107-127. Lippincott.) The Revolutionary War. 1775-1783 "We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare. That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be Free and Independent States." — From the Declaration of Independence. Barr, A. E. H. The bow of orange ribbon. Dodd. A story of New York just before the Revolution. The Stamp Act, the Sons of Liberty and Marinus Willett are described. The maid of Maiden Lane; a sequel to "A bow of orange ribbon." Dodd. New York directly after the Revolution. * Barrow, E. N. The fortune of war. Holt. How the daughter of an English general obtained the freeuom of an American officer who was a prisoner of war. * Bolton, R. P. Fort Washington. Empire State Society of the Sons of the Revolution. Contains a history of the defence and reduction of Fort Washington. Fiske, John. The American Revolution. 2 v. Houghton. Ford, P. L. Janice Meredith; a story of the American Revolution. Dodd. * Hemstreet, Charles. In the footsteps of Washington. The Outlook, v. 70, p. 300-308, 1902. The events in Washington's life which took place in New York; illustrated. * Johnston, H. P. The battle of Harlem Heights, September 16, 1776. Macmillan. * The campaign of 1776 around New York and Brook- lyn. Long Island Historical Society. * Lossing, B. J. The pictorial field-book of the Revolution. 2 v. Harper. * McMaster, J. B. Washington's inauguration. Harper's monthly magazine, v. 78, p. 671-686, 1889. 14 Masori) A. B. Tom Strong, boy captain. Holt. New York directly after the Revolution. The story ends with Wash- ington's inauguration. It is a sequel to Tom Strong, Washington's scout. Tom Strong, Washington's scout. Holt. The adventures of a boy during the Revolution. There are descrip- tions of the battles of Long Island and Harlem Heights. Morris, Charles. The British at New York. (In his Historical tales; American, v. 1, p. 180-188. Lippincott.) How Mrs. Murray entertained the English general, Sir Henry Clinton, and his officers, thus detaining them, so that General Putnam and his army were able to march out of the city and join Washington at Harlem Heights. * New York prison-ships. Harper's Young People, v. 1, p. 478-479, 1882. Describes the old Jersey, the largest of the prison-ships, which was stationed where the Brooklyn Navy Yard now lies; and also a few of the many curious escapes of the prisoners. New York prisons in \776-7. Harper's Young People, v. 1, p. 204, 1880. * New York*s first great fire. Harper's Young People, v. 1, p. 181, 1880. "The first great fire in New York happened in September, 1776, just after Washington had been driven from the city." Roosevelt, Theodore. The Revolutionary war. (In his New York, p. 123-141. Longmans.) Shepherd, W, R. The battle of Harlem Heights. (In Good- win, M. VV. and others, Historic New York, v. 2, p. 345- 383. Putnam.) Sloane, W. M. The loss of New York City. (In his French war and the Revolution, p. 238-250. Scribner.) * Tuckerman, Bayard. Life of General Philip Schuyler. Dodd. "From the days when Philip Schuyler led his company of provincials in the forest fights of the French and Indian war, until he sat in the Senate of the United States as the representative of the State of New York. ..A genuine love of country la^' at the base of all his public actions." Whittier, J. G. The vow of Washington. (In his Complete poetical works, p. 467. Houghton.) "Read in New York, April 30, 1889, at the Centennial Celebration of the Inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States." Williams, Sherman. New York in the Revolution. (In his Stories from early New York history, p. 75-78. Scribner.) 15 John Andre Major Andre was sent by Sir Henry Clinton to arrange with Benedict Arnold for the surrender of West Point. The place appointed for the meeting was a lonely spot on the west shore of the Hudson near Haver- straw. On his return he was captured near Tarrytown, and condemned as a spy. He was executed on October 2, 1780 near Tappaan village. * Barnard, Charles. The artist-soldier. St. Nicholas, v. 4, p. 233-234, 1877. Heath, William. The execution of Andre. (In Hart, A. B. and Mabel Hill. Camps and firesides of the Revolution, p. 289-292. Macmillan.) Lossing, B. J. John Andre. (In his Two spies, p. 35-164. Appleton.) Nathan Hale Nathan^ Hale, wearing citizen's dress, was sent by Washington into the British carnp on Long Island, to obtain information about their plan of action. On his return journey he reached the Long Island shore in safety. Between the soles of his shoes were the drawings he had made of fortifica- tions, and his memoranda written in Latin. He was captured while still within the British lines and executed as a spy, in New York, September 22, 1776. Finch, F. M. Nathan Hale. (In Eggleston, G. C. American war ballads and lyrics, v. 1, p. 40-42. Putnam.) * Johnston, H. P. Nathan Hale, 1776. De Vinne Press. "The power of Hale's story lies in the simple record." Lossing, B. J. Nathan Hale. (In his Two spies, p. 1-34. Appleton.) Nathan Hale. (In Stevenson, B. E. Poems of American his- tory, p. 185. Houghton.) Stoddard, W. O. Guert Ten Eyck. Lothrop. The story of a boy's adventures during the Revolution, and of his friendship with Nathan Hale. Washington, Hamilton and other historical characters come into the story. Alexander Hamilton 'The Patriot of incoi ruptible integrity The Soldier of approved valor The Statesman of consummate wisdom Whose talents and virtues will be admired by Grateful Posterity Long after this marble shall have moldereci into dust." — Epitaph on Hamilton's tomb in Trinity Churchyard. 16 Atherton, Mrs. G. F. H. The conqueror. Macmillan. The life of Alexander Hamilton written as a story, describing his boyhood in the West Indies, as well as his later life in New York; and ending with his duel with Aaron Burr. Fiske, John. Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist party. (In his Essays historical and literary, v. 1, p. 99-142. Macmillan.) Hamilton, A. M. The intimate life of Alexander Hamilton. Scribner. Morris, Charles. Alexander Hamilton, the architect of Ameri- can finance. (In his Heroes of progress in America, p. 76-84. Lippincott.) New York after the Revolution Barr, A. E. H. Trinity bells. Dodd. The captain of an American merchantman was taken by the Algerian pirates and sold as a slave in Tripoli. The story describes New York at this period, how his fa-nily raised the ransom, and his final return. Bunner, H. C. The midge. Scribner. A story of the old French quarter. Dillon, Mrs. M. C. Miss Livingston's companion. Century. The story of a young Englishman who comes to America in the year 1803. Hamilton, Burr, Irving and Cooper are among the prominent people he meets. * Francis, J. VV. Old New York; or, Reminiscences of the past sixty years. Widdleton. Dr. Francis ^yas a distinguished physician in Ncnv York during the first half of the nineteenth centurj'. "Few American citizens, unconnected officially with public affairs, were more identified, through sympathy and intelligence with the development of the country, during the important period indicated." Henry T. Tuckerman. Hulbert, A. B. Pioneer roads, v. 2. Clark. (Historic high- ways of America, v. 12.) The Genesee Road and the Catskill Turnpike. Hutton, Laurence. A boy I knew. (In his A boy I knew, four dogs and some more dogs, p. 3-57. Harper.) The author's own boyhood in lower New York. "He was afterwards lost in Greenwich Street, having gone there on the back step of an ice-cart; and once he was conveyed as far as the Hudson River Railroad Depot, at Chambers Street, on his sled, which he had hitched to the milkman's wagon, and could not untie. This was very serious indeed; for the Boy realized that he had not only lost himself but his sleigh, too." 17 Mines, J. F. A tour around New York; and, My summer acre. Harper. "The record of a random tour through places whose acquaintance I made as a boy, that recall the people of other days whom I have known." From A tour around New York. "My summer acre fronts upon the East River, near the spot where the waters of Hell Gate begin to seethe and swirl. ..The house is as old as our second war with Great Britain. It was built for the summer residence of a family whose city mansion was then in the neighborhood of the Bowling Green." Morris, Charles. Horace Greeley, the premier of American editors. (In his Heroes of progress in America, p. 287- 295. Lippincott.) Parton, James. James Lenox, book collector. (In his Cap- tains of industry. Second series, p. 302-314. Hough- ton.) Pidgin, C. F. Blennerhasset. Grosset. The story of Aaron Burr's life after his duel with Hamilton. * Rideing, W. H. Croton water. The Century magazine, v, 14, (old series.) p. 161-176, 1877. The aqueduct and dam and how they were built; illustrated. Mrs. Lamb, describing the aqueduct writes: "A dam was thrown across the Croton River creating a lake five miles long, from which a conduit of solid masonry was constructed to the city forty-five miles in length... On the 4th of July, 1842, the Croton River, turned into its new and enduring channel, rushed into the city. The event was celebrated with an imposing military and civic procession seven miles in length." Roosevelt, Theodore. New York, p. 142-226. Longmans. Smith, F. H. The fortunes of Oliver Horn. Scribner. There is a description of the National Academy of Design in early days. "Outside <-he bare walls of these rooms there was hardly a student's easel to be fuUnd the country over. And such forlorn, desolate rooms; up two flights of dusty stairs, in a rickety, dingy loft off Broadway, within a short walk of Union Square — an auction-room on the ground floor and a bar-room in the rear." Viele, H. K. The last of the Knickerbockers. Duffield. A story of some of the descendants of the early Dutch settlers. * White, R. G. Old New York and its houses. The Century magaziT?e, v. 4, (new series.) p. 845-859, 1883. Period 1830-45. Wilson, R. R. New York as a free city. (In his New York: old & new. v. 1, p. 257-390. Lippincott.) 18 The Civil War New York was opposed to the war in the beginning and every effort was made to avert it. But after Fort Sumter had been fired on, there were no more loyal and patriotic citizens than the people of New York. "The Seventh Regiment of the New York National Guards, by all odds the best regiment in the United States Militia, was the first in the whole country to go to the front and reach Washington, securing it against any sudden surprise." — Theodore Roosevelt. Aldrich, T. B. My cousin the colonel. (In his Two bites at a cherry, with other tales, p. 151-223. Houghton.) A short story of New York just after the Civil war. King, Charles. From school to battle-field. Lippincott. The story of two boys at a New York Latin school. At the outbreak of the Civil war they joined the Northern Army under General McClellan. Roberts, E. H. The war for the Union. (In his New York, V. 2, p. 651-677. Houghton.) Stoddard, W. O. The battle of New York. Appleton. A story of the draft-riots. Todd, C. B. New York in the Civil war. (In his Story of the city of New York, p. 445-451. Putnam.) Some General Histories Bacon, E. M. The Hudson River from ocean to source, his- torical, legendary, picturesque. Putnam. Bank of the Manhattan Company. Historic buildings now standing in New York which were erected prior to eigh- teen hundred. Walton advertising and printing com- pany. An illustrated pamphlet. Goodwin, M. W., and others. Historic New York; being the first and second series of the Half Moon papers. 2 v. Putnam. Twenty-four short articles. "These monographs do not attempt to give any connected history of the city, but to present authentic accounts of localities of special interest, and to describe the features peculiar to the life of the olden time in New Amsterdam and early New York." — Preface. Hemstreet, Charles. Literary New York; its landmarks and associations. Putnam. Beginning with "Writers of New Amsterdam" and ending with "Some writers of to-day." 19 Nooks & corners of old New York. Scribner. The story of Manhattan. Scribner. A short history for younger children, with illustrations from old prints and wood engravings. • When old New York was young. Scribner. Partial contents: Christmas in Old New Amsterdam. About Old St. Paul's. Around the Collect Pond. The pleasant days of Cherry Hill. Janvier, T. A. In old New York. Harper. Historical sketches describing the growth of certain localities. Jenkins, Stephen. The old Boston post road. Putnam. A history of the oldest post road from New York to Boston, over which the first post rider went in 1673. * Lamb, Mrs. M. J. Historic homes and landmarks. Maga- zine of American history, v. 22, p. 177-203, 1889. * anci Mrs. Burton Harrison. History of the city of New York; its origin, rise and progress; illustrated. 3 v. Barnes. Mines, J. F. Walks in our churchyards; by Felix Oldboy. Peck. Trinity churchyard, St. PauFs churchyard, and St. John's churchyard. An historical account of these churchyards and of the prominent people who are buried there. Morey, W. C. The government of New York. Macmillan. This is written for boys and girls and includes an account of the government under the Dutch and English. Roberts, E. H. New York; the planting and the growth of the Empire State. 2 v. Houghton. (American com- monwealths.) A history of the state up to 1903. Roosevelt, Theodore. New York. Longmans. (Historic towns.) The author has aimed "to sketch the workings of the town's life, social, commercial and political at successive periods. . .and to trace the causes which gradually changed a little Dutch trading-hamlet into a huge American city.** — Preface. * Smith, F. H. Charcoals of new and old New York. Double- day. Full page illustrations by the author. Todd, C. B. A brief history of the city of New York. Ameri- can Book Company. * In olde New York; sketches of old times and places in both the state and the city. The Grafton Press. 20 The story of the city of New York. Putnam. The story of the founding and growth of the city, including many picturesque incidents. Ulmann, Albert. A landmark history of New York; also the origin of street names and a bibliography. Applcton. Told in the form of conversations with three children as they visit the historic places of New York. * Valentine, D. T. History of New York City. Putnam. A history through 1756. The wayfarer in New York. Macmillan. Quotations from well known authors who have written about the different sections of New York. Wilson, R. R. New York: old & new, its story, streets and landmarks. 2 v. Lippincott. The first volume is a history of the city. The second volume describes the topographical features of early New York. TRADE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT "The crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traf- fickers are the honorable of the earth" — Isaiah xxiii, 8. The West India Company "In 1621, the great West India Company was chartered by the States- general [of Holland] and given the monopoly of the American trade; and it was by this company that the city was really founded.** — Theodore Roosevelt. Fiske, John. The West India Company. (In his Dutch and Quaker colonies, v. 1, p. 96-126. Houghton.) • New York Commercial Tercentenary Commission. The commercial tercentenary of New York, 1614-1914; containing a brief history^ of the beginning of the regularly chartered commerce of New Netherland and the permanent settlement of what is now the State of New York. 1914. Roosevelt, Theodore. New York, p. 9-11. Longmans. Todd, C. B. The story of the city of New York, p. 11-15. Putnam. Wilson, R. R. The West India Company. (In his New York; old & new, v. 1, p. 15-25. Lippincott.) 21 The Five Nations and The Fur Trade In the early days of the Dutch and English many of the young men set out on journeys to the interior to trade with the Indians. "The small bark canoe in which this hardy adventurer embarked ... was entirely filled with ... blankets, guns, powder, beads, etc., suited to the various wants and fancies of the natives. ..Without compass, or guide of any kind, the traders steered through these pathless forests." — Mrs. Grant. Canfield, W. W. At Seneca Castle. Button. A story of General Sullivan's campaign against the Iroquois in 1779. A sequel to the White Seneca. The White Seneca. Button. "For the entertainment of those American boys and girls who love a rugged story of adventure, I propose to write some account of my cap- tivity by the Indians and the several years I lived in their village." Cooper, J. F. The Beerslayer. Putnam. Leather-stocking tales, part 1. The Last of the Mohicans; with illustrations by E. Boyd Smith. Holt. Leather-stocking tales, part 2, "Why do my brothers mourn !... that a young man has gone to the happy hunting-grounds; that a chief has filled his time with honor!... The Manitou had need of such a w^^.rrior, and he has called him away." The pathfinder; or, The Inland sea. Putnam. Leather-stocking tales, part 3. The pioneers. Putnam. Leather-stocking tales, part 4. Wyandotte. Putnam. Indian warfare on Otsego lake during the Revolution. Diefendorf, M. R. The historic Mohawk. Putnam. "The settlemen*:s, the customs, and the struggles of its early days." — Preface. Drake, F. S. The Iroquois. (In his Indian history, p. 127- 144. Karper.) Foote, M. H. The royal Americans. Houghton. Plow a little French girl who had been taken captive by the Indians was adopted by an English officer. Madam Schuyler, Sir John Johnson, Madame de Riedesel and other historic characters come into the story. Frederic, Harold. In the valley. Scribner. A story of the Mohawk Valley. 1757-1780. "Therefore, I say, all honor and glory to the rude, unlettered, great- souled yeomen of the Mohawk Valley, who braved death... that Congress and the free Colotiics might live." Griffis, W. E. The pathfinders of the Revolution. Wilde. "Their great expedition of 1779 into the lake region of central and western New York, broke completely the power of the Iroquois Confederacy." — Preface. 22 Halsey, F. W. The old New York frontier; its wars with Indians and Tories, its missionary schools, pioneers and land titles. 1614-1800. Scribner. Hulbert, A. B. Indian thoroughfares. Clark. (Historic high- ways of America, v. 2.) "To one who is imaginative the old days will come back: the trail and forest are again peopled, border armies hurry by, and the long stream of immigration floods the land.'* — Preface. Portage paths. Clark. (Historic highways of America, V. 7.) . "These places are called portages, inasmuch as one is compelled to transport on his shoulders all the baggage, and even the boat, in order to go and find some other river, or make one's way around these rapids and torrents." — The Jesuit relations. Johnston, C. H. L. Captain Joseph Brant: the warrior chief of the Mohawks. (In his Famous Indian chiefs, p. 254- 283. Page.) Red Jacket, or Sa-go-ye-wat-ha : the great orator of the Senecas. (In his Famous Indian chiefs, p. 230-253. Page.) Parkman, Francis. The Jesuits in North America. Little. "Marvellous adventures and sacrifices, and vivid pictures of forest life.** — Preface. Reid, W. M. The Mohawk Valley; its legends and its history. Putnam. From 1609 to 1780. Seelye, E. E. and Edward Eggleston. Brant and Red Jacket. Dodd. The lives of two Iroquois chiefs who lived during the old French war and the Revolution. * Simms, J. R. The frontiersmen of New York; showing the customs of tiie Indians, vicissitudes of the pioneer white settlers, and the border strife in two wars; with a great variety of romantic and thrilling stories never before published. 2 v. Albany, 1882. Riggs. Smith, Richard. A tour of four great rivers; the Hudson, Mohawk, Susquehanna and Delaware in 1769; being the journal of Richard Smith. Scribner. ^ "Mr. Smith saw these valleys, when the Indians still traversed the trails that had been worn deep by the feet of their forefathers, and when the bark canoe was still an indispensable adjunct of frontier trade." — Historical introduction. Williams, Sherman. The Iroquois confederacy. (In his Stories from early New York history, p. 90-128. Scrib- ner.) 23 Sir William Johnson "He might indeed be called the tribune of the Five Nations; whose claims he asserted, whose rights he protected, and over whose minds he possessed a greater sway than any other individual had ever attained." — Mrs. Grant. Chambers, R. W. Cardigan. Harper. A romance of Johnson Hall during the Indiar wars and the first years of the Revolution. Cardigan was Sir William's nephew. Diefendorf, M. R. In the days of Sir William. (In her His- toric Mohawk, p. 68-153. Putnam.) Harland, Marion, pseud. Johnson Hall. (In her Colonial homesteads, v. 2, p. 1-64. Putnam.) Parkman, Francis. The conspiracy of Pontiac. v. 1, p. 69-99. Little. Reid, W. M. The story of old Fort Johnson. Putnam. The interest and pleasure of Chambers* story of Cardigan will be greatly increased after having read this account of "old Fort Johnson," and the part it played in the exciting early life in "The Valley." The book also contains portraits and pictures of the country and of the historic old house. * Todd, C. B. Johnson Hall. (In his In olde New York, p. 129-139. The Grafton Press.) The Colonial Sea-port Cooper, J. F. The Water-Witch. Putnam. A story of New York harbor in Lord Cornbury's time. The Water- Witch was a SxHUggling brigantine. Roosevelt, Theodore. The growth of the colonial seaport. (In his New York, p. 73-88. Longmans.) Privateers and Pirates. Captain Kidd "The privateer .. .was a private citizen, owner of a swift merchant- vessel, whom his government in time of war commissioned to proceed against the enemy and kill, burn, and capture wherever he might meet him. . . If, however, a privateer turned his guns upon peaceful nations not named in his commission, he became a pirate." — Charles Burr Tcdd. 24 Frothingham, J. P. The pirate paramount; and, A pirate in the making. (In her Sea-wolves of seven shores, p. 275-300. Scribner.) Stories of Captain Kidd. "I steer'd from sound to sound, And many ships I found, And most of them I burn'd, As I sailed. * * * I'd ninety bars of gold, And dollars manifold, With riches uncontrolTd, As I sailed." Irving, Washington. Wolfert Webber. (In Tales from Wash- ington Irving's Traveller, p. 168-196. Lippincott.) "His formidable hero is an old pirate with a sea chest, afortime one of Kidd's rogues, who appears at the Dutch tavern near Corlear's Hook, and there awaits tidings of his shipmates and the hidden treasure." — Ralph D. Paine. * Janvier, T. A. New York colonial privateers. Harper's monthly magazine, v. 90, p. 333-343. 1895. The sea-robbers of New York. Harper's monthly- magazine. V. 89, p. 813-827. 1894. Paine, R. D. The book of buried treasure; p. 26-128. Sturgis. Captain Kidd in fact and fiction. Captain Kidd, his treasure. Captain Kidd, his trial and death. Pyle, Howard. Tom Chist and the treasure-box; an old-time story of the days of Captain Kidd. (In his Stolen Treasure, p. 45-95. Harper.) Wilson, R. R. Privateer and pirate. (In his New York: old & new, p. 128-148. Lippincott.) The Free City Bank of the Manhattan Company. A progressive commercial bank. The Irving Press. A pamphlet giving a short history of banking in New York. Chemical National Bank. History of the Chemical Bank, 1823- 1913. Country Life Press. Illustrated from old prints and photographs. 25 Roosevelt, Theodore. The growth of the commercial and democratic city. (In his New York, p. 175-200. Long- mans.) Todd, C. B. The story of the city of New York, p. 391-430. Putnam. Chapters on A typical New York merchant, Commercial development, Ships and sailors. War of 1812 Barr, A. E. H. The belle of Bowling Green. Dodd. A story of New York during the war of 1812. Cooper, J. F. Miles Wallingford. Putnam. A story showing some of ihe causes leading up to the war of 1812. The impressment of British seamen, from on board of American merchant vessels. Wilson, R. R. The second war with England. (In his New York: old and new, v. 1, p. 303-324. Lippincott.) Old Merchants of New York * Scoville, J. A. The old merchants of New York city. Carleton. * Stoddard, W. O. Alexander Turney Stewart. (In his Men of business, p. 182-196. Scribner.) John Jacob Astor. 1763-1848 Grinnell, G. B. An early fur trader. (In his Beyond the old frontier, p. 1-38. Scribner.) * Stoddard, W. O. John Jacob Astor. (In his Men of busi- ness, p. 9-30. Scribner.) Peter Cooper. 1791-1883 Autobiography of Peter Cooper. (In Old South leaflets, v. 6, no. 147. Directors of the Old South work.) Raymond, R. W. Peter Cooper. Houghton. 26 Samuel Morse and the Telegraph. 1791-1872 "The story of the long-baffled efforts and final success of Morse is as remarkable as any in the annals of discovery." — Mr.^. Lamb. Bolton, S. K. Samuel Finley Breese Morse. (In her Famous men of science, p. 202-245. Crowell.) Holland, R. S. Morse and the telegraph, 1791-1872. (In his Historic inventions, p. 168-188. Jacobs.) lies, George. Samuel F. B. Morse. (In his Leading Ameri- can inventors, p. 119-175. Holt.) Transportation "The secret, then, of New York's proud greatness, why she is and always will be the Imperial City of North America... is found in the word transportation." — Lrnest Ingersoll. Robert Fulton. 1765-1815 "He reached Albany in safety and in triumph, having accomplished the distance of one hundred and fifty miles at the average rate of five miles per hour... This was the first voyage of any considerable length ever made by a steam vessel in any quarter of the world." — Mrs. Lamb. * Buckman, D. L. Old steamboat days on the Hudson. The Grafton Press. The invention of the steamboat. (In Old South leaflets, v. 5, no. 108! Directors of the Old South w^ork.) Knox, T. W. The life of Robert Fulton. Putnam. Miller, P. F. The story of Robert Fulton. The Knicker- bocker Press. Sutcliffe, A. C. Robert Fulton and the "Clermont." Century. The Erie Canal "The Erie Canal was completed on the 25th of October, 1825.... \t ten o'clock precisely the waters of Lake Erie were admitted into the canal, and the news was transmitted to New York City in an hour and thirty minutes, by the discharge of cannon posted along the route at intervals... The canal-boat Seneca Chief led off in fine style, drawn by four grey horses, fancifully caparisoned." — Mrs. Lamb. Hulbert, A. B. The great American canals, v. 2. The Erie Canal. Clark. (Historic highways of America, v. 14.) Morris, Charles. De Witt Clinton, the Father of the Erie Canal. (In his Heroes of progress in America, p. 177- 183. Lippincott.) Roberts, E. H. Waterways and their development. (In his New York, v. 2, p. 524-549. Houghton.) Trowbridge, J. T. Jack Hazard and his fortunes. Winston. The story of a canal-boy on the Erie tow-path. Railroads On October 1, 1851, the Hudson River Railroad was opened between New York and Albany. The first passenger station was at Chambers Street and College Place. Carter, C. F. When railroads were new. Holt. Jenkins, Stephen. Later means of communication. (In his Story of the Bronx, p. 228-250. Putnam.) * Stoddard, W. O. Cornelius Vanderbilt. (In his Men of busi- ness, p. 31-52. Scribner.) The Elevated Railroad * Barnard, Charles. The railroad in the air. St. Nicholas, V. 6, p. 800-808, 1879. How the elevixted railroad was built. Well illustrated. Brooklyn Bridge and Other Bridges Brooklyn Bridge was formally opened on May 24, 1883 * Barnard, Charles. The Brooklyn bridge. St. Nicholas, v. 10, pt. 2, p. 688-700, 1883. * The city's giant bridges. Scientific American, v. 99, p. 397- 400, 19C8. Brooklyn Bridge, Williamsburg Bridge, Manhattan Bridge and Queens- borough Bridge, illustrated. Jenkins, vStephen. Ferries and bridges. (In his Story of the Bronx, p. 177-208. Putnam.) 28 Tunnels * Bniere, R. W. The gates of New York. The Outlook, v. 85, p. 927-942, 1907. Tunnel entrances to New York. * Reeve, A. B. The romance of tunnel building; the sixteen . . . tunnels built and building under the rivers around New York City., .the men on the job, the dangers they face, and how they are doing the work. The World's Work, V. 13, p. 8338-8351, 1906. The Old Subways * Cunniff, M. G, The New York subway. The World's Work, V. 8, p. 5346-5364, 1904. * McDonald, J. B. The tunnel through New York; the inter- esting engineering feat of constructing an underground railway more than fourteen miles long beneath the streets of the metropolis without stopping surface traf- fic. Munsey's magazine, v. 25. p. 226-234, 1901. An account of the old subway by the contractor who built it; illustrated. * Parsons, W. B. Rapid transit in New York. Scribner's magazine, v. 27, p. 545-555, 1900. * Ruhl, Arthur". Building New York's subway. The Century magazine, v. 42, (new series), p. 894-907, 1902. The New Subways * Building a four-track tunnel beneath Broadway. Scientific American, v. 108, p. 154, 1913. * The Lexington Avenue subway four-track tunnel under the Harlem River. Scientific American, v. 108, p. 286, 1913. * Progress of the new Harlem River tunnel. Scientific Ameri- can, V. 109, p. 244-245, 1913. Public Service Commission. First District. New subways for New York. The dual system of rapid transit. Pub- lic Service Commission. A pamphlet describing the new subways. Illustrated from photographs. 29 The Barge Canal * Hungerford, Edward. New York's own Panama. Munsey's magazine, v. 50, p. 228-241, 1913. New York State. State Engineer. The barge canal system being constructed by the State of New York. J. B. Lyon. A pamphlet containing excellent illustrations from photographs, and maps. Issued by the State Engineer, November 1, 1913. * Whitford, N. E. New York State barge canal; completing one of the world's greatest engineering works. Scien- tific American, v. 108, p. 2>77-Z79, 1913. THE MODERN CITY "City of the world! (for all races are here, All the lands of th^^ earth make contributions here.)" — Walt Whitman. * Adams, J. H. A trip through the New York assay office. St. Nicholas, v. 30, pt. 2, p. 1081-1088, 1903. * A trip through the New York Navy Yard. St. Nicholas, V. 30, pt. 2, p. 47-55, 1903. Baker, A. G. and A. H. Ware. Municipal government of the city of New York. Ginn. * Barnard, Charles. The Boy's Club. St. Nicholas, v. 12, pt. 1, p. 439-444, 1885. How the club in Tenth Street was founded. Bunner, H. C. The red box at Vesey Street. (In his Poems, p. 237-239. Scribner.) The red box at Vesey Street was for newspapers, to be sent to the city hospitals. City History Club of New York. Historical guide to the city of New York; compiled by Frank Bergen Kelley. Stokes. * Ford, 1. N. The fresh-air fund. St. Nicholas, v. 10, pt. 2, p. 616-626, 1883. Ford, J. L. The third alarm; a story of the New York fire department. Brentano. 30 Ford, P. L. The honoral^le Peter Stirling. Holt. A story of modern political life. Henry, O. The four million. Doublediiy. Stories of "The Four Million" — New York's passing throng and how they meet with the comedies and tragedies which the diversified life of the city brings to them. Hill, C. T. Fighting a fire. Century. Some experience of the New York fire department in fighting fires, and in saving life and property. Matthews, Brander. Tom Paulding; a story of a search for buried treasure in the streets of New York. Century. Morgan, James. Theodore Roosevelt; the boy and the man. Macmillan. * Munroe, Kirk. The making of a great newspaper. I. Day work. II. Night work. Harper's Young People, v. 15, p. 50-54, 65-68, 1893. A detailed account of the many and varied tasks of reporters, editors and publishers of such papers as the New York Times, Tribune, World and Sun. Riis, J. A. The making of an American. Macmillan. The author's own life. Singleton, Esther. The children's city. Sturgis. *Stedman, E. C. New York. St. Nicholas, v. 20, pt. 1, p. 403-419, 1893. A description of New York in 1893. Straubenmiiller, Gustave. A home geography of New York City. Ginn. * Tolman, W. H. and Charles Hemstreet. The better New York. American Institute of Social Service. A guide book describing the philanthropic institutions of the city. Settlement houses, hospitals, schools, etc. It contains much interesting information not found elsewhere. Van Dyke, J. C. The new New York; illustrated by Joseph Pennell. Macmillan. "The mass of it makes you realize the energy back of it. excites a wonder as to its fashioning, overawes you with its possibilities." * Waring, G. E. Street-cleaning. Doubleday. Contains a chapter on The juvenile street-cleaning leagues; by David Willard. * Williams, J. L. The water-front of New York. Scril^ner's magazine, v. 26; p. 385-399, 1899. Excellent illustrations. 31 The Catskill Aqueduct Creating a subterranean river ninety miles in length; how Catskill Water is being brought to New York. Scien- tific American, v. 108, p. 198-200, 1913. Illustrated. Flinn, A. D. The world's greatest aqueduct; water from the Catskill mountains to the city of New York, The Century magazine, v. 56, (new series) p. 707-721, 1909. An excellent article well illustrated. Springer, J. F. Providing for ten million. Cassier's En- gineering Monthly, v. 44, p. 55-62, 1913. Supplying a metropolis with mountain water. Scientific American, v. 108, p. 201, 202, 208, 210, 1913. Tomlin, R. K. The deepest siphon tunnel in the world. Scribner's magazine, v. 51, p. 551-560, 1912. The tunnel under the Hudson at Storm King. Parks The site of Central Park was originally occupied by "squatters" who lived in rude shanties and fed thousands of domestic animals on city refuse, which they carted there for the purpose. In 1856 this land was chosen for a large central park, because of the lack of recreation grounds in the city, and work was begun in the following year. * Barnard, Charles. The true story of the obelisk. St. Nicho- las, V. 8, pt. 1, p. 310-319, 1881. * Young folks' fun in Central Park. St. Nicholas, v. 4, p. 705-712, 1877. Bronx Parkway Commission. Report, June 30, 1914. Fully illustrated. * Homaday, W. T. The New York Zoological Park. Cen- tury magazine, v. 39, (new series), p. 85-102, 1900. Popular official guide to the New York Zoological Park. 11th ed. New York Zoological Society. * Tolman, W. H. and Charles Hemstreet. The better New York, p. 154-161. American Institute of Social Service. Some account of the development of parks in New York with an ex- cellent description of Central Park. 32 The Statue of Liberty The statue of Liberty was erected in 1885. It was presented to the people of the United States by the people of France to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of American independence. "We dedicate this statue to the friendship of nations and the peace of the world; the spirit of Liberty embraces all races in common brother- hood, it voices in all languages the same needs and aspirations." — From a speech made at the Dedication. * Barnard, Charles. The Bartholdi statue, St. Nicholas, v. 11, pt. 2, p. 725-732, 1884. How the statue was put in place. Singleton, Esther. Liberty enlightening the world. (In her Historic buildings of America, p. 338-341. Dodd.) Stedman, E. C. Liberty enlightening the world. (In The Wayfarer in New York, p. 56-58. Macmillan.) Poem. Whittier, J. G. The Bartholdi statue. (In his Complete poetical works, p. 240. Houghton.) Races of People in New York * Gerard, J. W. Impress of nationalities on New York City. Magazine of American history, v. 23, p. 40-59, 1890. Steiner, E. A. The immigrant tide; its ebb and flow. Revell. Some Historic Places in the Modern City The Battery When the English took possession of the city, it was decided to build a Battery to protect the newly acquired possession. This was erected somewhat north of the present Battery which at that time was under water. After the Revolution it was demolished along with the old Fort. Castle Clinton (now the Aquarium) was built as one of the defenses for the War of 1812, on what was then an island connected by a bridge with Manhattan. After the war it became the famous Castle Garden and was used as a place for public amusements and celebrations. Lafayette and Kossuth were received here, and Jenny Lind's first concert in America was held here. Later the building became a receiving station for immi- grants, and so remained until its conversion into an Aquarium in 1896. * Bristol, C. L. The Castle Garden Aquarium. St. Nicholas, V. 29, pt. 2, p. 680-684, 1902. 33 Hemstreet, Charles. The Battery and the Fort. (In his When old New York was young, p. 179-190. Scribner.) Janvier, T. A. The Battery. (In his In old New York, p. 227-240. Harper.) Singleton, Esther. Castle Garden. (In her Historic buildings of America, p. 144-150. Dodd.) Wilson, R. R. New York; old & new, v. 2. p. 15-30. Lippin- cott. Bowling Green In old Dutch times the annual fairs were held on Bowling Green, one for cattle and the other for hogs, and it was also used as a parade-ground for the soldiers. Early in the eighteenth century it was leased as a bowling green at an annual rental of one pepper-corn. During the Revolution, the statue of George III, which had been set up here, as a token of popular grati- tude for the repeal of the Stamp Act, was pulled from its pedestal by the Sons of Liberty and melted into bullets. City History Club of New York. Bowling Green. (In His- torical guide to the city of New York; compiled by Frank Bergen Kelley, p. 15-22. Stokes.) Hemstreet, Charles. The autobiography of Bowling d'een. (In his When old New York was young, p. 1-15. Scribner.) Trask, Spencer. Bowling Green. (In Goodwin, M. W. and others, Historic New York, second series, p. 163-208. Putnam.) Wilson, R. R. New York: old & new, v. 2, p. 12-15. Lippin- cott. Fraunces Tavern Fraunces Tavern was built by the De Lancey family as a residence early in the eighteenth century. They occupied it until 1762 when it was bought by Samuel Fraunces, called "Black Sam," who opened it as a tavern under the sign of Queen Charlotte; it became one of the most popular hostelries in the townf Here on December 4, 1783 Washington took farewell of his generals in the famous Long Room. The old Tavt-n still stands at the southeast corner of Broad and Pearl Streets. City History Club of New York. Fraunces Tavern. (In Historical guide to the city of New York; compiled by Frank Bergen Kelley p. 39-47. Stokes.) 34 Davis, W. J. Fraunces Tavern. (In Singleton, Esther. His- toric buildings of America, p. 34-42. Dodd.) Goodwin, M. W. and others. Historic New York; second series, p. 269-274. Putnam. Wall Street "When war broke out between England and Holland in 1653, Gover- nor Peter Stuyvesant built the wall along the line of the present street, from river to river. His object was to form a barrier that should enclose the city... After the wall was removed in 1699, the street came to be a chief business thoroughfare." — Charles Hemstreet. Hill, F. T. The story of a street; a narrative history of Wall Street from 1644 to 1908. Harper. Innes, J. H. New Amsterdam and its people, p. 272-278. Scribner. Villard, O. G. The early history of Wall Street, 1653-1789. (In Goodwin, M. W. and others. Historic New York; first series, p. 75-118. Putnam.) Wilson, R. R. Wall Street in early days. (In his New York: old & new, v. 2, p. 80-101. Lippincott.) The Bowery The Bowery was called by the Dutch Bouwerie Lane. In those days it was only a narrow lane running between the bouweries, or farms, and connecting them with the little town clustered about Fort Amsterdam. The most famous of these farms was the Great Bouwerie, which was the home of Peter Stuyvesarit. City History Club of New York. Bowery Village; and The Bow^ery, Chatham Square, and Collect Pond. (In Historical guide to the city of New York; compiled by Frank Bergen Kelley, p. 88-98. Stokes.) Hemstreet, Charles. Bouwerie Village and its graveyard. (In his When old New York was young, p. 167-177. Scrib- ner.) Hewitt, E. R. and M. A. Hewitt. The Bowery. (In Good- win, M. W. and others. Historic New York, first series, p. 357-394. Putnam.) Wilson, R. R. Bowery Lane. (In his New York: old & new, V. 2, p. 154-176. Lippincott.) 35 Greenwich Village "Very proper and elegant people were all these, and their seats being at a convenient distance from the city, their elegant friends living in New York found pleasure in making Greenwich an objective point when taking the air of fine afternoons." — Thomas A. Janvier. Bisland, Elizabeth. Old Greenwich. (In Goodwin, M. W. and others, Historic New York, first series, p. 263-291. Putnam.) Bunner, H. C. The story of a New York house. Scribner. ** 'Hullo, Dolph!* he hailed his friend. 'What's this I heard about you building a preposterous tom-fool of a town-house out by Greenwich? Why don't you hire thn^ house that Burr had, near Lispenard's cow-pasture, and be done with it?' " A story of three generations. Hemstreet, Charles. Greenwich and the **Mouse-trap.'* (In his When old New York was young, p. 89-98. Scribner.) Janvier, T. A. Greenwich Village. (In his In old New York, p. 84-151. Harper.) Chelsea "Captain Thomas Clarke, a veteran officer of the Provincial '^rvice who had done some very pretty fighting in the old French war, gave the name of Chelsea to his country-seat — a modest estate on the shores of the Hudson, between two and three miles north of the town of New York." — fhomas A. Janvier. Captain Clarke's grandson was Clement C. Moore, who, while living at Chelsea, wrote "A visit from St. Nicholas." City History Club of New York. Love Lane and Chelsea Village. (In Historical guide to the city of New York; compiled by Frank Bergen Kelley, p. 115-116. Stokes.) Hemstreet, Charles. Chelsea Village. (In his When old New York was young, p. 331-345. Scribner.) Janvier, T. A. Down Love Lane. (In his In old New York, p. 152-191. Harper.) Broadway "Broadway in the days when it was the Heere Straat of New Amster- dam was also the only highway that traversed the island from end to end." It was "flanked in its lower reaches with orchards and gardens and com- fortable homes." Rufus Rockwell Wilson. 36 Jenkins, Stephen. The greatest street in the world; the story of Broadway, old and new, from the Bowling Green to Albany. Putnam. Wilson, R. R. Along lower Broadway; and, Broadway above the Common. (In his New York, old & new, v. 2, p. 55-79, 129-153. Lippincott.) The Jumel Mansion "Within its walls Washington established his headquarters while the mastery of the island was in dispute with the British, and. . .thither Wash- ington came again in 1790 with all his Cabinet, nn his return from a visit to the battlefield of Fort Washington." — L liarles Burr Todd. Harland, Marion, pseud. The Jumel mansion. (In her Colon- ial homesteads, v. 1, p. 273-326. Putnam.) Singleton, Esther. The Morris-Jumel house. (In her His- toric buildings of America, p. 309-312. Dodd.) Smith, Mrs. A. A. F. Historical sketch of Washington's head- quarters; prepared under the auspices of the Washing- ton Headquarters Association, New York. Press of George Harjes Co. A pamphlet obtainable at the Jumel Mansion; illustrated. * Smith, W. C. The Roger Morris house; Washington's headquarters on Harlem heights. Magazine of Ameri- can history, v. 6, p. 89-104, 1881. * Todd, C. B. The old Jumel mansion. (In his In old New York, p. 77-85. The Grafton Press.) The Bronx The Bronx is named after the first white settler, Jonas Bronck, who purchased land in Westchester on the Harlem river about 1639. During the Revolution a large part of what is now the Borough of the Bronx, lay between the two armies; being common pr' perty to both Americans and English, it was called the "Neutral Grouna," although it was the scene of continual skirmish fighting. The Bronx and beyond. (In The wayfarer in New York, p. 229-244. Macmillan.) Cooper, J. F. Satanstoe. Putnam. A story of the French and Indian war. Satanstoe was the name of an ol 1 estate in Westchester in the vicinity of Hell Gate. The spy; a tale of the Neutral Ground. Putnam. 37 Irving, Washington. Wolfert's Roost. (In his Wolfert's Roost and other papers, p. 11-3j. Putnam.) "The Roost stood in the very heart of what at that time was called the debatable ground, lying between the British and American lines." Jenkins, Stephen. A princess and another. Huebsch. A story of Westchester in Revolutionary times. The De Lancey family, Colonel Philipse of Philipse manor and the Morrises of Morrisania are described, and also the French Huguenots. The hsro is French, although fighting with the English, and the plot hinges on the story of his birth about which there is a mystery. The story of the Bronx; from the purchase made by the Dutch from the Indians in 1639 to the present day. Putnam. Fryer, Charles. The ''Neutral Ground. (In Goodwin, M. W. and others. Historic New York, second series, p. 407- 443. Putnam.) Smith, F. H. A day at Laguerre's. (In his Day at Laguerre's and other days. Houghton.) A sketch of "the most delightful of French inns, in the quaintest of French settlements." The Van Cortlandt Manor-House. In 1646 Adrian Van der Donck bought land from the Indians, ivrhich he called Colen Donck and built his farm house in what is now Van Cort- landt Park. He was the only patroon in Westchester. In 1699 Jacobus Van Cortlandt purchased a part of this land and it became known as the Van Cortlandt Manor; the present house was built by his son in 1748. It was "a charming country house, filled with joy and hospitality, sunshine and laughter all about it." During the Revolution the house was the headquarters of the Hessian Jaegers. Washington, Rochambeau and other distinguished people were entertained there at different times. It is now a museum in the care of the Colonial Dames. Colonial Dames of New York. The story of Van Cortlandt Park. The Irving Press. An excellent pamphlet obtainable at the Van Cortlandt House Museum, * Lamb, Mrs. M. J. Van Cortlandt manor-house. Magazine of American history, v. 15, p. 217-236, 1886. Brooklyn "One of the first acts of the West India Cornpany was to buv of the Indians the whole western end of Long Island. .. By 1646 nearly tne whole water front had been cleared and put under cultivation, and there were small villages at the Wallabout, the ferry, and Gowanus,'* — Charles Burr Todd. 38 Putnam, Harrington. Breuckelen. (In Goodwin, M. W. and others. Historic New York, second series, p. 385-405. Putnam.) Vanderbilt, G. F. The social history of Flatbush, and the manners and customs of the Dutch settlers in Kings county. Loeser. * Wilson, R. R. Historic Long Island. The Berkeley Press. Staten Island Named "Staaten Eylandt," Island of the States, by Henry Hudson as a memorial to the States General of the Netherlands. The Island was settled by the Dutch. The first patroon was Michael Pauw, who called his grant "Pavonia." City History Club of New York. Borough of Richmond. (In Historical guide to the City of New York; compiled by Frank Bergen Kelley, p. 319-367. Stokes.) * Clute, J. J. Annals of Staten Island. Press of Charles Vogt. Smith, F. H. Tom Grogan. Houghton. The story of how Tom Grogan kept on with her husband's business of stevedore, after his death, and how she made good against the other con- tractors who tried to make trouble for her because she would not join' the union. 39 Printed at The New York Public Library RICH NEW YORKERS OF 1844. (Estimated by Moses Y. Beach, owner of the Sun: published by him. Jan.. 1845.) 125.000,000— John Jacob Astor. „ ^ _ _ Y"'. ^Y.^^'- Maltby Gelston; John Gihon. $10,000,000 — Estate of Stephen Van Rensellaer; Stephen WTiitney. $5,000.000 — William B. Astor. $4,000,000 — Peter G. Stuyvesant. $3,000,000 — James Leno-K. $1,500,000 — Estate of Isaac Bronson; Peter Har- mony: Jacob Loriliard's widow; Gouvemeur Morris; Thomas C. Pearsall's widow. $1,200,000 — Cornelius Vanderbilt. $1,000.000 — Henry Brevoort. Jr.: William B Crosby: William P. Furniss; John Haggerty; Jon- athan Hunt: Peter Lorillard, Jr.; John Mason's estate: Anson G. Phelps ; estate of L. Salles: Jonathan Thome. $800,000 — Thomas L^gett; Stephen B. Munn; Ale.xander T. Stewart. $700,000 — Jacob Brandegee: Matthias Bruen: John G. Coster's estate: George Douglass, William Douglass: Peter A. Jay's estate: Lewis Morgan's estate: James McBride: Joseph Sampson. $600,000 — Estate of James Desbrosses; John H. Hicks. $529,000 — Augustus Greele's estate. $500,000 — James Boorman: Sydney Brooks; James Brown; Margaret Chesebrough; Frank H. Delano; Charles Dickenson's estate; Thomas Gard- iner; F. Gebhard's estate; Jonathan Goodhue; George Griswold; Nathaniel L. Griswold; Seth Grosvenor: Harper & Brothers: Gardiner G. How- land; John H. Howland: Gould Hoyts widow: George Janeway; Rev. Jacob I. Janeway; John Johnston; Samuel Judd; John Lafarge. David Leavitt: David Lee: Samuel Leggett: Jacob Little; Edward B. Little: Rufus L. Lord; Jacob Loril- lard: George Lovett; Benjamin Marshall: Joseph Marshall: Oroonclates Mauran; Isaac Newton; Courtlandt Palmer; Elisha Peck; Allison Post; Waldron B. Post: G. Rapelye's estate; J. Rathbone's estate: Luman Reed's estate. Henrv Remsen; Elisha Riggs; John Robbins; C. V. S. Rocsevelt; Abraham Schermerhom; John Schermerhorn : Paul SpofTord; Benjamin Stephens: Lispenard Stewart: Garret Storm; Ferdinand Suy- dam. Sr.: Benjamin L. Swan; Abraham G. Thompson: Herman Thorn: Thomas Tileston; John Tonnelee; Gideon Tucker; WilUam S. Wetmore; Eli Wliite; Henry Young. $450,000 — Joseph Kemorhan. $400,000 — Stephen Alle.^' Wm. H. Aspinwall; David Austen: Arthur Bronson's estate: David Br>-son; Isaac Carow; Mrs. Douglas Cruger; Philip Dater; Benj. De Forest; Lockwood De Forest; J. W. Depeyster; Cornelius Dubois; John J. Glover's estate; Peter Goelet; John C. Green; Gilbert Hop- kins; Daniel James; Janeway estate; Mathew Morgan; Richard Mortimer; Sam'l r. Mott; Anson G. Phelps, Jr.: Joel Post's estate. Mrs, T. Rejmolds; Peter Schermerhom; Mr. Sherman; Adam Tredwell; James I. Van Allen; Harvey Weed; John D. Wolfe. $350,000 — Joseph Foulke; Jacob R. Le Roy: Clement C. Moore: Baltur Moore: Henry Parish: Duncan Phyfe: Collins Reed; Richard L. Schieffelin; Robert L. Stevens; Jonathan Thome; Gen. Peter Van Zandt. $300,000 — John Adams: John Anthon; BenJ. Aymar; David Banks: James Bogert. and his son; S. R. Brooks; Stewart Brown; James Chesterman; William Colgate: E. K. Collins: Bersilla Demlng; Fredk. Demlng; James Donaldson; Daniel Drew; I. Deberceau: Henry Fearing: Hlckson W. Field; Asa I^tch, Jr.; Theodocius Fowler; Sam'l M. Fox; Nathaniel Gllman. Joseph Giraud; Jasper Grosvemor; Richard K. Halght: A. G. Hamersley; Catharine Hedges: Uriah Hendricks; Sam'l Hicks; Silas Hicks; Wm. H. Howland; Edw. R., Jas. J., and Jas. L. Jones: J. D. Kearney, Jr.; Morris Ketchum: Eugene Kettletas; Shepard Knapp: Henry Langdon; Abraham Law- rence: John W. Lea\itt; Leffert Lefferts: Daniel Low: Thos. W. Ludlow: Joseph Meeks, Sr.; P. A. Mesier, Jr.; Mrs. Geo. B. Miller: Wra. P. Miller; Mrs. James Monroe; John Morse: Wra. F. Mott; William Paulding: Thos. W. Pearsall; John R. Peters: Edward Prime: John Rankin. Robert Ray: John Robins; Jas. I. Roosevelt: Henry Russel; Francis Saltus; Effingham Schieffelin ; John C. Stevens; John Steward: George Suckley : Moses Taylor: Orrin Thompson; Abraham Van Nest: Wm. E. Wilmerding; Christopher Wolfe; Henrj- Yates. Other New Yorkers whose fortunes were estimated bv Beach in 1844 at less than $300,000 included Daniel Appleton ($100,000); Phlneas T. Barnum (8150.000); Augustus Belmont ($100,000); Benj. F. Butler ($1.50,000). Peter Cooper ($100,000): R. C. Cornell ($250,000;; Dr. Edw. Delafleld ($150,000): Peter Delmonico ($100,000): Amos R. Eno ($150,000): David Dudley Field ($150,000): Preserved Fish ($150,000): Edwin Forrest ($150,000): Albert Gallatin ($150,000): James W. Gerard ($100,000); Moses H. GrinneU ($250,000): Wm. F. Havemeyer ($100,000): Geo. A. Hearn ($150,000): Edward Heckscher ($200,000). Philip Hone ($150,000): James Kent ($100,000); James Gore King ($200,000) : V/illiam C. Rhinelander ($200,000): Richard Riker's estate ($250,000). Of Stephen Allen, who had been Mayor, Beach says, "He Is just, but not generous: and In mind and mamiers mde and unpoUshed." He had been a sailor, and made a fortune as a sail maker. William B. Astor. a son of John Jacob Astor. to whom his father gave the Astor House, "received much of his property from his deceased uncle. Henry Astor, long celebrated as a butcher In the Bowery, in which business he accumulated his wealth." P. T. Baraum was the "guardian of the celebrated Tom Thumb," the midget, whom he exhibited in this country and In Europe. The parents of Henry Brevoort, Jr., owned a farm of about 1 1 acres, bounded on the south by 10th St. WTien cut up into building plots It made them rich. The Cos^rs, John G. and Henry A., made millions as Holland gin importers, in Napoleon's time. The money they amassed, says Beach, In his book, "is nearly all melted away before It has bareb' got Into the hands of their children. Dr. Hosack, de- ceased, made a deep gouge into that of Henry's widow, but where is it?" Peter Cooper, in 1844, was "manufacturer of the celebrated Cooper's refined Islng Glass. " Aaron Arnold was "an Englishman who brought money with him from England, and has been in the retail dry goods business in Canal Street, and now in partnership with his son-in-law. Constable, an Englishman also." Francis Cooper, remarks Beach, ■'was "bora in Germany, and early In life made money as a black- smith. He has married two rich wives, but has no children." ^ Preserved Fish "made ^ ills money as a Sea Captain." Anson G. Phelps, accorair.k, to Beach, originally was a tin peddler, selling the wares he had made.