Ex ICtbrifi SEYMOUR DURST -t ' Tort nmiw ^im/ferdam. o^ Je MarJiatans ig~^^g^^w"^^^:r3^'^^ - '^^- \ \X\'\ ^^rz^^^x^^^m--'^^:^^---' ^ mmM I ^:.w£^^0 ^ 1 ^^df.^T^^^^^^^F^ --^'L^fliT^SSII "^^^^^^sr ;--;-^^| --'^^mIP'G^^^^^ ^'^vi ^ -^:z^^ a ^J^^^Zi-^ mmI FORT NEW AMSTERDA.M. '^|Sl^ >'E\V VOBK • . IO3I Tf ben you leave, please leave this book Because it has been said "Sver'thing comes t' him who waits Except a loaned book." AvKRY Architectural and Fine Arts Library Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/newyorkillustratOOfilm 0» V '^-% R ^-^ \ \ W 4^:" „_ '...,,1,1 iJi II .l.,il..UkJ, , ^ ^-f _, 1 — r »t„-. ry f ^"^7 ,ir" >. =W^ -' ' -^ ^ J ►\^ CITYOFJVEWYORK ' ^ <; 1 . i r . 1 P ^^ ^ -, 1 ^-^ ;^ •^— — — _^--^ r^/v.u-^^' \^n-lT •IT DA]iplttoii4t (o KEMTiOHK ^^J Q lEW YORK ILLUSTRATED; CONTAINING ILLUSTRATIONS OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS, STREET SCENES, AND SUBURBAN VIEWS. A MAP, AND GENERAL STRANGER'S GUIDE. LIST OF JLLUSTRATIOKS. . New York, as seen ft-om Brooklyn. . New York from Port Richmond. . View of Castle Garden and Battery from the Bnv. . Wbitehatl Street. . Trinity Cliurch and Martyrs' Monu- ment. . Treasury Building and Wall Street, looUins; West. . Nassau St., north from W^all St. . Custom House. . Bank of New York, comer Wall and William Streets. . Corner Cedar Si. and Broadway. . Broadway at lower end of the Park. . City Hall and New Conrt-Honse. . New York Hospital. . New York Life Insurance Co. Build- in?, comer Broadway and Leonard Street. . The Tombs. . Broadway, looking north from St. Nicholas. . Grace Church, comer Tenth St. and i 29, Broadway. 30, . Union SquaVe. 31, . St. George's Church, corner of Six- teenth St. and Stuyvesant Place. 32, . Washinston Square. 33, .Fifth Avenue, at corner of Twenty- 34, first Street. 35. . Fifth Avenue, on a Sunday Momins;. [ 3G. . Worth Monument, Madison Square. I H7. . Young Men's Christian Association .38. Building and Academy of Design, 30. at corner of Twenty-third Street 40. and Fourth Avenue. . Booth's Thefitre. at comer uf Twenty- , 41. third Street and sixth Avenue. " Ai. . The Grand Opera-Hou-^e, at corner of 1:!. Twenty-third St. and Ei-lilh Ave. 44. Fishinu'-Smacks Chnrch of the Transtiiinralion, Twen- 4.5. Jones's Woud. ty-ninth Street. " I 46. High Bridge. Mr. A. T. Stewart's Residence, at cor- | 47. Conev Island. ner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty- 48. Jerome Park. fourth Street. Park Avenne. Reservoir and Rutgers Institute. Roman Catholic Cathedral on Fifth Avenue. Central Park. Central Park Drive. Bowery Music-Hall. Tenement-Houses. Old Bowery Theatre, North River Flotilla. Oyster-Boats. Ferry-Boat at Night. Wasiiingtou Market. Outside Street Scene. Wnshinu'ton Market. Interior. Norlh River and Sound Steamboats. Wli;nf Scene. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 90, 92 & 94 GRAND STREET. 1870. , M'/ Entered according to Act of Congress, ill the jear 1869. bj- D. APPLETON & CO., in the Clerk's Office of the Dislrict Court of the United Stales, for tlie Soutlieni Eistrict of New Yorlc. XEW YORK ILLUSTRATED E^^^^^^^- 1^ T - A^ j^Ws- THE ISLAND CITY. S the eye of the visitor first takes in the island-city of New York from some commanding eminence — say Brooklyn Heights, which probably affords the most comprehensive view — a hundred questions arise in his mind, as to its dimensions, its gigantic commerce, its ships and docks and stately edifices, with numerous other statistical queries, upon which he may desire to be informed. The city is situated at the mouth of the Hudson River, eighteen miles from the Atlantic Ocean, in latitude about 41°, longitude 74°. The city and county are identical in limits, and occupy the entire surface of Manhattan Is'land ; Randall's, Ward's, and Blackwell's Islands, in the East River ; and Bedloe's, Ellis's, and Governor's Islands, in the bay — the last three being occupied by the United States Government. Manhattan Island, on which the city proper stands, is thirteen and a half miles in length, with an average breadth of one and three-fifths miles, forming an area of nearly twenty-two square miles, or fourteen thousand acres. The islands in East River and the bay make four hundred additional acres. New York Island is bounded on the north by Harlem River and Spuyten Devil Creek, which separate it from the main-land of the State, and present some exquisite scenery ; on the east are Long Island Sound, with its clus- ters of beautiful islets, and East River ; and the noble Hudson laves its western shore. The surface of the island was originally very rough. A rocky ridge ran from the southern point northward, sending out several jagged spurs, which, after branching irregularly for about five miles, culminated in Washing- ton Heights (two hundred and thirty-eight feet above tide-water), and in a sharp, precipitous promontory, one hundred and thirty feet high, at the northern extremity of the island. Most of the rock is too coarse for build- ing purposes, and the entire stratum is evidently the production of some violent upheaval. Most of the lower portion of the island is composed of alluvial sand-beds ; and there were also many swamps in different quarters, though the few remaining marshes are rapidly disappearing, and being filled in for new streets. The principal 1 NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. Fort Richmond swamp was the deep valley wMch crossed the island at Caual Street. It long ago sharvd this iate, and now forms the business centre of the city. Manhattan Island is, by survey, divided into 141,486 lots, of which about 60,0(10 are built upon; so that, at ;. rough estimate, and making allowance for the number absorbed by Central Tark, there is still room for as many more houses, and over double the present population. The city proper extends from the southern extremity (Battery Point), and is compactly built for a distance of about six miles, and irregularly, on the east side, to Harlem, four miles further. On the west side, it is almost solidly built to about Fifty-second Street, and thence irregularly to above Bloomingdale (Seventy -eighth Street), whence occur the refreshing greenness, and long lines of country-seats and elegant suburban residences of Manhattanville and Washington Heights. The harbor of New York is one of the finest and most beautiful in the world. The outer bar is at Sandy Hook, eighteen miles from the Battery, and is crossed by two ship-channe/s, which arc from twenty-one to thirty-two feet deep at low, and from twenty-seven to thirty-nine feet at high, tide, admit- ting vessels of the heaviest draught— the monster Great Eastern having crossed the bar several times without difficulty or danger. The Narrows and the rivers surrounding the city are very deep, with strong tidal currents, keeping them in winter almost constantly clear of ice. The magnificence of the city of New York at the present day, when we consider the many vicissitudes through which it has passed, is somewhat remarkable. Scathed by war, fire, riot, and pestilence, its growth from a vil- lage of 1,000 inhabitants, in 1656, to 1,250,000 at the present day — its vast public works, its magnificent build- ings, its leagues of roaring thoroughfares, and its colossal commerce — afford the most imposing monument the world has ever seen of the speed with which a youthful people may stride to opulence and power. The first establishment of regular lines of packets to Europe originated with New York, and she also claims the honor of the first experiments in steam-navigation. One of her greatest enterprises was the impulse she gave to the inland trade by the completion of the great Erie Canal, in 1825 ; when the union of the Atlantic with the lakes was announced by the firing of cannon along the whole line of the canal to the Hudson, and celebrated in New York by a magnificent aquatic procession, which deposited, with grand ceremonies, a portion of the waters of Lake Erie into the Atlantic Ocean. The city, after suffermg repeatedly from the scourge of the yellow fever, enjoyed comparative immunity from J^KW YORK ILLUHTRATKl). similar taliunitics for a number of years ; but, in 1832, the Asiatic cholera made its appearance, and 4,302 per- ilous became its victims. This calamity had scarcely passed, when the great conflagration of 1835 swept away, in u single night, more than COO buildings, and property valued at over $20,000,000. Another great fire occurred ten years later ; the Asian epidemic has repeatedly revisited her ; and great finan- cial crises have shaken her public and private credit to their very centre — yet she stands to-day the handsomest, linest-situated city in the world, and the empire city of the Western Hemisphere. NEW YOIiK FROM THE SEA. As the steamer enters New York Bay from the sea, and sails between the villa-crowned shores of Staten and Long Islands, through that contracted passage known as the Narrows — the gateway of our Western world, through which ceaselessly come and go the great ships and steamers, bearing flags of every nation, and connect- ing our waters with every sea — we observe on our left the massive battlements of Fort Richmond, or the water- battery of Fort Tompkins, at the lower verge of the Staten Island shore. These fortifications are quite new, are constructed of gray stone, mounted with guns of huge calibre, and are among the most imposing objects that first greet the vision of the passenger from the water-waste. The water-battery is the most fort-like in ap- pearance, but, in the event of a fleet of iron-elads undertaking to force an entrance, would probably prove more vulnerable than the batteries on the heights, from which a continuous volley of plunging shot could be directed with as much effect as from Gibraltar or any stronghold in the world. Opposite, on the Long Island shore, is the formidable Fort Ilamilton, which numljcrs in its armament several of the celebrated liodman guns, whose iron spherical shot of one thousand pounds would prove disagreeable to the sides of almost any iron ship-of-war that floats ; and also the old, round, red Fort Lafayette, isolated in the waves, and likely to prove more famous as a rebel prison than as an impregnable fortress in these days of im- proved warfare. Passing amid these noble guardians of the entrance of our harbor, with a fleeting glimpse, if the weather is clear, of the foam-fringed neck of Coney Island, we soon see the great island-city of the Western Hemisphere extending before our gaze. To the left is Bedloe's Island, a mere bank in the water, almost made for the con- venience of the United States Government in the construction of a fort. Another island-fort (Ellis's Island), smaller and more insignificant, stands still further toward the Jersey shore ; and then, well round the point of Governor's Island, stands old Fort Columbus, facing Castle Garden like a perpetual menace. As we sail beyond the westerly point of Governor's Island, in our upward sweep to our North River pier, the entire splendor of the empire city is spread before us like a dream. There are to be seen the crowd of sail upon the rivers, the puffing and busy tugs, the numerous ferry-boats, " the forest of masts," the big ships, the mammoth steamboats. Trinity spire, looming up so nobly, the dome of the City Hall, the well-known Castle Garden, the crowded Brooklyn View of Castle Garden and Battery Irom the Bay A'^EW YORK ILLUSTRATED. shores — all a brilliant and stirring pano- rama that few sights in the world can equal At the extreme lower part of the Inland IS Tffi; BATTERY, ,^,^iP°'^l one of the most striking monuments of ji I ^^l^Vvit-nt^ ^lli it^pectability and beauty run to wretcb l|,l, MlVWMir i ncss and squalor, that can be found 1~') -iJjr ni m but the oldest countries. The Batt ' W\ M-t^ to-day an example of the change Wh tehall S r wretched- found in Battery langes a 1l« \tirswill bring. Without going back to the old time, when it was a great gi-ass- groun field, sprinkled with windmills, and iinde homely with flocks and herds of pas- tuung sheep and cattle, men still in their pi imo can recollect it as the favorite prome- n idt of the wealthiest and most fisbionable chsb of the cit_v. Hither came, on pleasant summer evenings, the fathers and mothers ot the generation of to-day, for health, the fiesh sea-breeze, flirtation, and enjoyment generally. They, in their unexpanded thought, had more faith in it than thtir sons and daughters ha%e in Cential Paik They believed its plain stone wall and massive wooden railing were a monument of enterprise and engineering that could never be surpassed, and they were happy in their simple feeling, and content. Why, even fifteen years ago, there still remained an oasis of attraction for the votaries of art and fashion, which may be regarded as the last link connecting the tide that flowed up-town with the extremity of the island. This link was Castle Garden. In its own name and that of the ground whereon it stood, it explained the military nature of its origin. In times when 20-inch Rodmans were unknown and a " long 32 " was regarded as the noblest work of artillerist genius, this unsightly old mass of circular masonry-work was the guardian sentinel upon Manhattan's bay-girt shores. After Castle Garden had smoothed its grim-visaged front of war, and got rid of the iron bulldogs that grinned so menacingly from its embrasures, it went to the other extreme, and gave itself up in a reckless manner to the lascivious pleasing of the lute. In point of fact, it became a music-hall. Therein, after it had gone through divers minor vicissitudes, was triumphantly introduced to the American public the incomparable Jenny Lind. Therein Jullien, in November, 1853, gave us the first of his marvellous series of monster popular concerts. Even so late as the fall of 1854, Grisi and Mario and Susini made its ancient walls echo to their melodious strains, and, for the last time, brought, thronging by Bowling Green and the Washington Hotel, long lines of carriages of appreciative throngs of upper-tendom. This was Castle Garden's closing glory. Within a few months it was transformed into an immigrant depot, and all its classic mem- ories blotted out forever, except as they arc held green in lingering memories. From this period forth the Bat- tery degenerated with a velocity shocking to behold by citizens who had known it in its better days. It became a prey to the speculations of ruthless municipal officials and their friends, and rapidly sunk into the condition of a desolate and dissipated waste. A well-known public character obtained a contract to " fill in " the space between the old line of the Battery and the shoal just outside. He has been filling it for about twelve years, and the work seems as far from completion as ever. Instead of an addition to the space and beauty of the spot, it has been degraded to the level of a colossal dust-heap on one side and mouldering reminiscence of vegetation on the other. The very trees have become infected with the demoralizing atmosphere of the place, and even those scarcely arrived at maturity show signs of speedy dissolution. The usefulness of the Castle Garden Immigrant Depot, as a means of shielding from extortion and violence the multitudes continually arriving here from other countries, is the only redeeming feature of the place. That, at least, is an inestimable benefit to the most de- fenceless portion of the community. If we pursue a methodical course in our progress through the city, after reaching the Battery, the most in- teresting thoroughfare will be Whitehall, leading from the South and Staten Island ferry-stations along the east- ern border of the Battery, and thence sweeping up the hill to Bowling Green, presenting one of the most bus- tling scenes, especially in respect to stage or omnibus, and not devoid of historical interest. Here, to the left, where now stands the Governor's Island boat-house, detachment after detachment of A'A'ir y<)i;K ilia'stuated. Hi-itish troops and marines were landed from the ponderous frigates wliicli, in Revolutionury times, controlled our city and harbor. The red-coats glittered proudly up this thoroughfare, now presenting such an altered aspect, to the infinite disgust of the old-time Knickerbockers. And there, as one passes up, is a glimpse of the white front of Washington's old headtniarters, the dilapidated building intervening, which was occupied by British ollicers, and the old building now forming the hoad((uarters of our Harbor Police. The space just back of the ferry-houses is occupied as the lower termini of upward of a dozen lines of stages. The passenger by either the South or Staten Island ferry-boats can here, with scarcely a moment's delay, take passage to almost any quarter of the upper part of the island. The Corn E.\ehange, located at the upper end of Whilciiall, was erected a few years ago. It is built of brick, is a noble structure, and will amply repay a visit of insiiection. Passing Bowling Green, we pause for a moment to reflect upon the historical associations still lingering around its rusty railing and dusty shrubbery. A hasty vision of the metallic statue of George HI., which at one time occupied its centre, and which was melted into bullets by enthusiastic patriots in cocked-hats and knee-breeches — of the round iron balls which once ornamented the top of the railing- bars (your genuine New-Yorker could not be persuaded by love or money to have that mutilated railing replaced), and which were knocked off to give the British fleet a welcome from the cannon's throat — a retrospect of these, and we sweep Trinity Church and Ma tyi NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. UP BROADWAY, the noble chief artery of the metropolis, which slowly brightens and expands with gleaming marble and rich brown-stone, as we proceed. Trinity Church, just opposite the mouth of Wall Street (the golden gate of fortunes made and fortunes lost, at the turning of a card, or the click, click of the telegraph-operator's machine), is the first object to attract our attention by its beauty and magnitude. All New-Yorkers are proud of Trinity Church. The architecture is not the pure Gothic — so rarely attained — but the height of the steeple (two hundred and eighty-four feet), and its general architectural beauty and so- lidity redeem it from any slurs that may be thrown out by hypercritics. Moreover, there is hardly any thing pinchbeck in the entire structure. It is solid brown-stone, from foundation to spire, with the exception of the roof, which is wood. The walls of the church itself are fifty feet in height, and the whole edifice is generally recognized as one of the most elegant and cathedral-like on this continent. The graveyard of old Trinity occu- pies nearly two acres of ground (or it did so at one time), and within it are many venerated tombs. Stop before this large but simple mausoleum. The winds and the rains of half a century have worn away a portion of the characters, and the thin moss which is generated from our eastern mists has cast its delicate greenness over the smooth marble ; but, underneath, reposes the body of Alexander Hamilton, the friend of George Washington, and the victim of the memorable and unfortunate duel with Aaron Burr. The tomb of Captain Lawrence, the hero of the " Chesapeake " — whose dying words, " Don't give up the ship," will never perish from the English tongue — is close by the main entrance. It is looked upon by strangers in our city with the same interest that they go to see the weather-worn slab enclosing the skeleton of Benjamin FrankUn, in Philadelphia. The chief monument in the graveyard is that erected to the memory of the American patriots who died in British prisons while the city was under British rule. It is a very simple shaft of brown-stone, resembling the monumental crosses often found in European cities, and, in purity of Gothic architecture, surpasses the church itself. Besides these, there are many old gravestones, even within a few feet of Broadway, which are probably even more interesting to the strangers, gazing through that long line of iron railing, extending from Thames Street to Rector Street, on the west side of Broadway. Here, for instance, we have, in mouldering brown-stone lettering, tiie statement of the fact that "Susannah Gregory, the spouse of Jonas Gregory, died in the year 1787 ; " and, just beneath, despite the earth which the last rain has beaten up against the lettering, we make out (but very dimly) that the good-man Jonas followed his good-wile Susannah to the eternal re^t, ouly two years afterward. A'A'ir YOliK ILLUSTUM'KD. 7 " Thomas Wilkins, tlu' iiilaiil son of Maria aiul Tobias Wilkins, aged one year three months," made a tombstone (almost illegible) for liinisclf in ITor), when our fathers were toasting King (Jeorge III. nt their banquets, nud before there was any idea of making a big teapot out of Boston Harbor. Ne.xt to this repose the last "mortal relics " of " (Jeorge Van Kriiser, slain while fighting in the War of Independenee, in the year of our Lord 1781." Two lines of verse are under his name. Time has efliieed them, but " (Jeorge" probably sleeps as soundly as if thoy glinted out brightly and l)roadly to every Broadway lounger who cures to iiaust^ and muse over these tiin'- lionorod, time-stained monuments of the past. The chimes of Old Trinity are surpassed by very few bells in the world. On all holidays the operator ])o:il i ibrth the most delightfid music, his selections including patriotic as well as religious airs. The chimes are, in- deed, considered so important, that their programme for the next day is usually reported in the daily papers. Trinity itself is the oldest church in the city. The first edifice was destroyed by fire in 177(), and was rebuilt in 1790. It was afterward (in 1830) pulled down. The present noble structure was finished and consecrated in 1846. The view from the lookout in Trinity tower is the finest that can be afJbrded in the city of .Vrw York. It extends from the Highlands of New Jersey (and, in cle;ir weather, from Sandy Hook), far up into the ralisades, and up among the picturesque islands that throng the throat of Long Island Sound. The perquisite received by the sexton is merely nominal, and no stranger should quit the metropolis without making this famous the old churches of Xcw York tl of ii collegiate charge was the rule. Trinity Church 111 ' ^!"^^ i»i !!!K!yV '' lYEW YORK ILLUSTRATE!). Custom-House. sidered the parish church, and, thcrelorc, had u colk-giate charge. St. John's, St. (ieorge's, and St. Paul's were considered " chapels " merely. Before passing from beneath the shadow of Old Trinity, a glance down Wall Street, immediatel.v opposite, through the magnificent public, insurance, and bank buildings on either side of the bustling way, may readily entice us to a brief diversion to the east, and, in a moment, we are on " Money Mall," as it might be called, with no small degree of appropriateness. Moving through the numerous handsome edifices which occupy the greater portion of the block, our attention is first attraetec^ by the building of the United States Treasury and Assay Office, which lifts its lofty and columnar front of white marble at the corner of Nassau and Wall Streets. It was constructed for, and long used as, the custom-house of the port of New York, now removed to more commodious quarters in the neighboring premises, formerly known as the Merchants' Exchange. The building is a handsome and imposing one, and would be a tine specimen of the Doric order of architecture, had it not been disfigured by unseemly accessories that mar the simphcity of the design. It is two hundred feet long, eighty feet wide, and eighty feet high. The main entrance on Wall Street is made by a flight of eighteen marble steps, while on Pine Street, in the rear, the acclivity of the ground brings the entrance almost on a level with the street. The old Federal Hall used to stand on this same site, and the spot is rendered classic from its being that whereon Washington delivered his inaugural address. The Treasury Building forms the nucleus of as fine a group of buildings — on Wall, Nassau, and Broad Streets — as can be found in almost any city of the world. Glancing, first down the declivity of Broad Street — aptly named from the suddenness with which it widens as the continuation of Nassau below Wall — we have a view of a series of elegant buildings on either side of the way, for a block and a half. Chief among these is the hand- some edifice mainly occupied by the Board of Brokers, on the right-hand side looking down. Then there are specific boards of all kinds of brokers — stock-brokers, gold-brokers, oil-brokers — each occupying elegant offices; for we are now in the atmosphere of speculation, which probably exercises as much influence over the political, financial, and even moral air of the whole country, as do the polar and equatorial winds in our climatic changes. The " Erie Railway AVar " was started here, the gauntlet thrown down and accepted, and the impulse given to a string of recriminations which have crammed the pockets of lawyers and speculators, depleted others, and chimed through the process of litigation and the columns of the daily press, to the infinite weariness of readers and the public generally. Bulls and bears have, time and time again, tackled each other on this memorable corner with a tenacity hardly equalled by any arena of Seville, or California in the earlier and muscular days. The scene presented by Broad Street, just below Wall, about the middle of a day when the fluctuations in gold, bonds, or stocks, arc particularly keen and active, is a remarkable one — crowds of well-dressed men thronging NKW von A' ILLUSTRATED. the sidewalk and street, distressed and joyous, eager and apprehensive, as the advance or depreciation of this or tliat paper is proclaimed from the callers within — and its comparison, so often made, to that of a great gambling house, is scarcely an exaggeration. On the east side of the street, almost immediately opposite the Stock Exchange, is the famous saloon of Downing, long years the oyster-caterer to the financial stomachs of the vicinity ; though now tlie sable proprietor is himself a moilusk of the mysterious past. Without altering our position materially, we can look north from Wall Street, through Nassau Street — a won- derfully busy street — ii street noisy and full of life, as it is narrow and destitute of facilities for the incessant stream of traffic that rushes through it. Just here is where one sees the pressui-e on it most. The Nicolson liavcmont is, with all its faults, an immense improvement on the noisy Belgian and other experiments that have been tried here. It affords peace and t(uiet to the money-changers in such temples of finance as those of Jay Ci)oke & Co., risk & Hatch, Duncan k Sherman, the Bank of Commerce, and others that line each side of the thoroughfare. The vision can hardly roam so far up as Printing House Square — the locality of type, press, and printing-ink for a million or more of readers — with the Tribune building on the right, the Timcx building and rear of the World establishment on the left, and second-hand book-stores all around ; for the Post-office, on the corner of Lil)evty Street, with the Evening Post building to the immediate left, virtually closes the view. Of the former irregular, imsightly, and uncouth structure, moulded from a dilapidated Dutch church to meet the necessities of, at one time, a not very liberal national Government, despite its antique tower and historical associations, it is better not to give any detailed description. A brief investigation will convince the most prejudiced of the need of Xew York to have a post-office more adequate to the size and dignity of the city. Continuing our Wall Street diversion, with something more than a passing glance at the imposing front of the New York Bank, at the corner of William Street, we soon find ourselves face to face with the Custom-House. This building, at one time, was known as the Merchants' Exchange. Then it was famous for the great granfte l)linths of the columns that supi)orted the pediment of the front elevation. They should be as famous still. Massive cylindrical blocks such as these, fluted and otherwise cut from the most unyielding of stones, are a tri- umph of masonry. This present Custom-House occupies the irregular square between Wall Street, Exchange Place, William Stjeet, and Hanover Street. Scarcely any thing but stone was employed in its construction. Mr. Isaiah Rogers was the architect, to whom the city is indebted for this really splendid piece of architecture. It is splendid because of its insured stability ; and yet, great as its dimensions are, it only cost about $1,800,000. These dimensions are a depth of two hundred feet, a frontage of one hundred and forty-four feet, and a rear breadth of one hundred and seventy-one feet. Its height to the toji of the central dome is one hundred and NJSW YORK ILLUSTRATED. twenty-four feet. Be- neath this dome, in the interior of the building, is the Kotunda, around the sides of which are eight lofty columns of Ital- ian marble, the superb Corinthian capitals of which were carved in Italy. They support the base of the dome, and are probably the largest and noblest marble columns in the country. Here in this spacious and lofty apartment are gathered the principal officers of the Custom-House, and a busy crowd of merchants and clerks ceaselessly flows in and out of its ample doors. Xo build- ing in our city is better worth a visit from stran- Cedar Street and Broadway. gers. Tha fact that the original stockholders in the building, whereof this is the successor, lost every cent they had invested, has never interfered with the satisfaction felt by the present owners of stock in the concern at the profitable use thev have made of the later shares they were fortunate enough to own. Returning to Broadway, we next pass, on the corner of Cedar Street, the new building of the Equitable Lii'e Assurance Company, which, judging from the character of the structure, is evidently intended to last several centuries. It may be said safely, and without invidiousness, that there is no other structure in Xew York so !-Oiid and substantial. The architectural design is not entirely pure, but is useful and effective. Doric is the pattern of the lower stories, composite of those immediately above, and the upper part is finished in the renciis. fiance or Mansard roof style. What is lacking in correctness is made up in picturesque boldness of scenic out- line, and few edifices on Broadway will be apt to attract more attention. The entire building has a frontage of eighty-seven feet on Broadway, is one hundred and eighty-seven feet deep on Cedar Street, and will be one hun- dred and thirty-seven feet high. With, most likely, some time expended in considering the numerous new and massive fronts which occur on cither side in the interval, we soon cross the site of the unfortunate Loew Bridge, which name was given to the unsightly structure that not long ago spanned Broadway at the intersection of Fulton Street, and which, although considered a nuisance, afforded strangers an opportunity of witnessing one of the finest and busiest thoroughfares in the world, not to be obtained again for some years to come. It was generally shunned by citizens themselves, who would rather brave the perils of the roaring street, in among the wheels and horses' legs, than make its steep and laborious ascent, but the view from above was one well worth taking. Looking down Battcryward, there were to be seen the magnificent rows of elegant buildings stretching on either side of the way from the lower side of Fulton Street to Bowling Green, whose ancient fountain (we may call it so in this country) is just seen peeping up above the decline of the grand artery as it sweeps down to the Battery, with one current to the right, and closing at the old " Washington Headquarters," whose uppermost white story just glimmers above the hill ; and the other side of the tide sweeping toward South Ferry, with a hundred stages and a dozen express- wagons navigating the difficult passages of the street. Turn to the other side of the departed bridge, and the scene is even more diversified and tumultuous. On the left is old St. Paul's, with its graveyard containing tombstones bearing dates as old as those in the grounds of Old Trinity, further down ; and on the right the Herald Building, and the splendid structure recently erected by the Park Bank. The incidents connected with the erection of the former building are well known and interesting. The iu- ccption of the new Herald Building was coincident with the destruction, by fire, of Barnum's famous Museum in NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. ilu! siimiiior nf I8ti5. It created great excitement at the time. According to the imaginative reports of the daily press — csi)C'ci:illy the one proceeding from the Tribune — the stufl'ed wild beasts, dried alligators, preserved whales, and other inert specimens of natural history, were made to play a most extraordinary part for the amusement of the readers of the land, and, in some cases, we are sorry to state, for their deception. The result of the fire was tlic purchase of tlie ground by Mr. Uennett from Mr. Harnuni, in which occurred a singular misunderstanding between the parties, leading to an estrangement which afterward provoked the famous rupture between the proprietor of the JItrald and the theatrical managers, now happily terminated. The Park Bank — the next building southward — is one of the most showy, if not the finest in an architectural point of view, in the city of New York. It has been erected at an immense expense, and is one of the most at- tractive features of Broadway. At all times crowds of people pause by the railing of St. Paul's, to stare up at its elaborate and ^nassive marble front, its colossal figures, and its columns and pediments. It is likely for a long time to rank as an architectural boast of the metropolis. The Astor House on the left, glancing northward, is also of interest. In addition to its being one of the first- class hotels of the city, it has long been the favorite resort of army and navy men. Grant, Hooker, Farragut, Porter, and many of the rest who have recently placed their names high upon the muster-roll of fame, were wont to make this their favorite hotel when visiting the metropolis ; and it formerly was the scene of more distin- guished " receptions " and entertainments than any other establishment of the kind in New York. Our artist, in the scone delineated, has chosen probably the most animated portion of Broadway. The new Herald and Park Bank buildings as central objects ; St. Paul's, in dark relief, to the right ; the multitude of ve- hicles jostling their crowded way up and down the street ; the wayfarers eagerly waiting for their opportunity to pass, without peril, through the press — the picture will be readily recognized and appreciated. Crossing the lower end of Park Row at this point, which, from the fact of its forming the chief termini of the larger number of street-railroads in the city, presents a most animated scene at almost all hours, we skirt the lower end of the Park — very likely, at some day, destined to be the site of our much-needed "and long-prayed-foi- NEW YORK ILLV&TRATEB. ity Hall and New Court House new post-ofBce — we proceed up Broadway, and from, say the corner of Warren Street, obtain an excellent view of the City Hall, with the side and rear of the new Court-House, immediately behind. The former has so long been the chief public edifice of the city as to require but brief mention in print. Despite the ignominy which may have shadowed its white walls from the deeds enacted by the "rings" within, despite even the brown-stone, brol^en-nosed caricature of Washington which stares idiotically at the palatial front, the City Hall still remains, architecturally, one of our noblest edifices, with the finest tower-clock in the country, and the image of Justice beaming serene sarcasm from the summit of the cupola. The Court-House, however, now in a state of incoiupletion, immediately behind, and fronting on Chambers Street, deserves a more extended notice. Thig magnificent and extensive structure has been in the course of erection for the past seven years and a half. And, whatever may be said of the stupendous (perchance unneces- sary) cost of erecting the building, the full extent of which cannot yet be fully estimated, there can be no doubt that the materials used, the architectural merits, and the work already accomplished, arc of the first quality, and deserving of admiration. The building is constructed of East Chester and Massachusetts white marble, with iron beams and supports, iron staircases, outside iron doors, solid black-walnut doors (on the inside), and marble tiling on every hall-floor of the building, laid upon iron beams, concreted over, and bricked up. With a basis of concrete, Georgia-pine, over yellow-pine, is used for the flooring of the apartments. The iron supports and beams are of immense strength — some of the girders crossing the rooms weighing over fifty thousand pounds. The pervading order of architecture is Corinthian, but, although excellent, the building cannot be said to be purely Corinthian. An additional depth of, say thirty feet, would have prevented a cramping of the windows on the sides, which now necessarily exists, and have added power and comprehension to the structure as an en- tirety ; but the general effect is grand and striking in the extreme. The building is two hundred and fifty feet long, and one hundred and fifty feet wide. From the base-course to the top of the pediment the height is ninety- seven feet, and to the top of the dome, not yet erected, two hundred and twenty-five feet. From the sidewalk to the top of the pediment measures eighty-two feet ; to the top of the dome two hundred and ten feet. AVhtu NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. 18 lompletod, the building will bo surmounted by a largo dome, giving a general resemblanuo to the main portion of the Capitol at Washington. The dome, viewed IVom the rear, as given in our illustration, appears sometliing lioiivy and cumbrous for the general character of the structure which it crowns ; but a front view, from Cham- bers Street, when the eye, in il^ upward sweep, takes in the broad flight of steps, the grand columns, and the {general robustness of the main entrance, dissipates tiiis idea, and attaches grace and integrity to the whole. One of the most novel features of the dome will be the anungenient of the tower, crowning its apex, into a light-house, whicli, from its extreme power and height, it is supposed, will furnish guidance to vessels as far out at si'a as that allbrded by any beacon on the neighboring coast. This is the suggestion of the architect, Jlr. Kei- lum, but, wliether or not it will be carried out in the execution of the design, Mr. Tucker, the superintendent of the work, is unable to say. The interior of the edifice is equally elaborate and complete, and several of the apartments are now occupied by the County Clerk, the Supreme Court, and as other offices. The portico and stoop, now being completed, on Chambers Street, will, it is said, be the finest piece of work of the kind in America. It would be useless to attempt, in the present limited space, any thing like nieutiou in detail of tlie grand and imposing fronts which occur almost uninterruptedly on either side of the brilliant Broadway, but, as wc proceed nortliward from Chambers Street, we are attracted by the New York Hospital— an interesting landmark, only re- eently demolished and superseded by new buildings — yet forming a prominent feature between Duane and Wortii Streets, mainly on account of the broad, green avenue, planted with a double row of trees, by which it is ap- proached from the street. The main building is of rough gray stone, one hundred and twenty-four feet long, including its two wings, and fifty feet deep. It was founded, in 1771, by the Earl of Dunmore, who was at that time governor of the colony, and numerous additions have since been made to it. Its accommodations are not altogether gratuitous; l)ut the payment of four dollars per week secures the best nursing and medical attendance. It possesses a theatre for surgical operations, a marine department, a separate department for the treatment of contagious dis- eases, and the different wards and apartments are fitted up in excellent style for the accommodation of patients. The average number of patients admitted annually is about three thousand two hundred. Situated as it is in tlie most bustling portion of the city, this hospital receives more, casual patients than any other. Women and children run over in the press of the street, laborers injured while employed in the new Nev Yor< Hosp t ?rEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. 't?S3^fc '^Pr^ i'a jMi |ii:Mi Life Insurance Company s Building -d Lecrard Street buildings goiug up in the vicinity, warehouse porters bruised or sprained while handling packages and casks, and others, invariably obtain an asylum here, and receive the best medical and surgical attendance. It is rather provoking to think that this fresh, green gap in the windowed walls of Broadway must soon be closed up forever, but it is useless to resist the " march of improvement," as the stern demands of the money- maker are wont to be termed, and this important benevolent institution must be removed to the upper portion of the city. The finest edifice we next encounter is that of the New York Life Insurance Company. This splendid build- ing, now in the course of erection on Broadway, between Leonard Street and Catherine Lane, is perhaps one of the most magnificent structures ever reared by private enterprise in this country. The property belonged to Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., and, while it was still in flames, an ofiicer of the Xew York Life Insurance Company secured a refusal of the site for the erection of the present noble edifice. In the competition instituted among a number of prominent architects, the plan of Mr. Griffith Thomas was selected as the best, and the new work was immediately entered upon. An additional lot in the rear was pur- chased, thus making the whole property about sixty by one hundred and ninet3--six feet. The exterior of the building will be very imposing. It will be of pure white marble, in the Ionic order of architecture ; the design having been suggested by the Temple of the Erectheus at Athens. The chief entrance will be highly orna- mented, and the entire cost will be about one million dollars. A brief digression down Leonard Street, eastward from this point, will enable us to have a view of the Tombs. It has not been recorded who first gave the " Halls of Justice " its original title, the expressive name which it bears to-day ; but infractors of the laws, who are sent to stay there are, undoubtedly, for the term of their confinement, virtually buried. They are dead to the world, so long as they remain there ; and is there not, cast over them all, the shadow of that hideous emblem of the grim destroyer — the gallows ? Those who have never visited the various, departments of the Tombs, can have but a faint idea of the depravity of human nature, or the wonderful process of " case-hardening " through which a statistical average of the community seem in- evitably to go. Of course, there are always prisoners within its fastnesses who command a share of sympathy ; some of whom are really innocent, and have no business there at all, and others under sentence for a first ofl'ence — but the majority are more wicked than the reputable orders of society can well imagine, and really seldom meet with one tithe of the punishment they deserve. Every one who has seen the Tombs knows what a parody upon a Memphian or Theban temple it appears. The waste of space in its construction is a marvel of misdi- rected architectural skill ; yet there is a certain individuality about its heavy, squat, and general solid charactof that commands attention ; while the elevation on Centre Street, with its overwhelming portico and pediment, and depressing area of dismal quadrangle, is a masterpiece of what genius may accomplish in the way of gratuitous gloom. Crime comes to preliminary judgment here in a room on the right-hand side as you enter. This is the Tombs Police Court, where, as early as six or seven o'clock each morning, a district justice tak"S his sc.it upon XEW YOliK ILLUSTRATKT). tlic bench to hear what cliarges may bo brought before him, and decide what shall be done with the prisoners. In luiuor casea, such lis drunkenness, disorderly conduct, or vagrancy, this magistrate can order summary fine, coiiiiiiitmiMit, or discharge, at his discretioii. Commitments arc made to the jurisdiction of several higher courts, but the only one of these in the Tombs building is the Court of Special Sessions. Two justices are supposed to sit to"ethcr there, and they have to deal with such matters as petty larceny, assault and battery, and certain forms of common misdemeanor. Every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, they strive to be a terror to evil-doers and a praise to tliom that do well. As a general thing, e-xperienco has rendered them amazingly successful in this endeavor. They have known the dangerous classes so long and intimately, as to enable them, e.\eept when inUueneed by political interest, to be eminently discerning and impartial. A great many culprits go from this court to the cells in the interior of the Tombs. More, however, come there from the Court of General Sessions and the criminal side of the higlier courts. The interior arrangements of the jail proper do not materially diller from those usually found in institutions of the kind, though many improvements might be made in the accom- modations, especially in the matter of ventilation. The lack ^of room necessitates the crowding of prisoners to- gether, a practice which does not work favorably on the morals of the less vicious. There are eleven cells of special strength and security, in which ai-e convicts sentenced to death, or a life worse than death in the State Prison ; six others, wherein are locked up those guilty of less heinous crimes ; and six more, used for hospital purposes. There are sixty more cells on the two upper tiers, for ^ g.^_: ^^ - those convicted of various degrees of felony. These are on the male side.- On the female side are twenty-two cells, and one-half of these are used as temporary receptacles of such cases as go no farther than the Police Court or Special Sessions. Each prisoner costs the county an average of about thirty cents a day for his board. The inner quad- rangle, formed by the series of cellular struc- tures, is where the last penalty of the law is put in execution. Except at the moment when that penalty is enforced, there is notli- ing impressive or remarkable in its appear- ance. Still, any one acquainted with the as- sociations belonging to its sombre monotony of gray stone walls and narrow gratings, feels a vague, disagreeable sense of awe as he hears liis own footsteps echo in hollow re- verberation from its corners. Returning to Broadway and our upward march, we cross Canal Street. It is a broad, spacious thoroughfare now, though once the course of a miserable gully with running water, which was bridged at this point. Notwithstanding the improvements which have almost utterly cffiiced the appearance of the past, a few old buildings remain — Mealio's hat-store, on the southeast corner of Canal and Broadway, and two or three others, above and below — to remind us of the time when we crossed the gully on the long-departed bridge. . Lord & Taylor's palatial establishment of white marble and splendid entrance, on the corned of Grand Street, next attracts the view with the stream of beauty and fashion flowing through its portals ; and then, after pausing most likely before the windows of the Haughwout establishment, on the northeast corner of Broome Street, we are in front of the lordly St. Nicholas Hotel, whence our artist has taken one of the most striking and fashionable views that can be obtained on Broadway, looking north. The vista is a long, and, in its way, a strikingly picturesque one. Taking the splendid facade of the St. Nicho- las Hotel itself as a starting-point, the eye gathers in on either side a range of business palaces that are not equalled for display in any other city of the world. The tall and graceful spire of Grace Church closes the view, for, at that point, Broadway makes the bend due north which leads it to the Harlem drives. Marble and brown- stone variegate the tints that meet the eye with charming contrast, and the gradations of color thus given, lighted by clear sunlight, become an actual presentment of effects for which the imagination of the artist might dream in vain. The actuality of incessant bustle, and even some idea of the accompanying buzz and roar, are conveyed in the picture of the scene herewith presented. The tide of stage and hack traffic ; the episodal gleams NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. of brilliant private equipages ; the gay throngs of promenaders — all appear as if fresh from a sketch of one who could be both close and comprehensive in an effort at conscientious observation. A walk on Broadway has always been a perennial pleasure to the men and women of New York, and a great delight to strangers. It is related that Charles Dickens, when he first visited this country, would spend hours at his window at the hotel, watching the ever-changing tide of equipages and pedestrians. Thackeray, when here, also keenly appreciated the stir and bustle of this brilliant promenade, and was never tired of walking its pavements, and watching, with liis keen, searching eye the ceaseless procession of human faces. He always pronounced it the finest street m the world. " Let us walk down Fleet Street, sir," old Dr. Johnson was wont to say, when seeking relaxatio;; irom his literary labors, or an escape from his melancholy. How the old city-loving doctor, with his fondness . j-r- =-, for busy highways, and his hatred of the solitudes of the country, would have delighted in such a street as Broad- ^' V j " 'X • '^o ^ m'lii of his temperament, it would aftbrd an end- less means of pleasure. There are other streets in Xew York that have as fine ! ;:liiings, and in general symmetry of effect are even iiandsomer. There are also as handsome shops in other cities. For short distances. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, \\ ashington Street, Boston, and Lake Street, Chicago, al- luost rival Broadway in animation and gayrty. But the f m oadway look ng North Irom the St Nichols JVmV YORK ILLUSTRATED. handsome architecture of nroadway, and its bustle and life, extend for over three miles, and this is its supe- riority. There is continual change, and yet unbroken continuity of efTect. After crossing Canal Street, one comes among the retailers, with their gay shop-windows, and the big hotels, the theatres, and an infinite variety of indescribabilities ; and now there is more elegance on the sidewalks. Well-dressed idlers begin to abound. Ladies are more frequent, and their handsome toilets give relief to the tide of dark-coated men. As you ascend, the shops get handsomer ; and, by the time you reach Tenth Street, you find an utter change in all the aspects of the street. This point is the ladies' shopping-ground. Carriages are in possession of the roadway, and throngs of women in elegant costumes Hock in and out of the shops. The scene is one of the brightest and gayest conceivable. Among the other prominent business houses well worthy of notice, as wo proceed up Broadway, maybe men- tioned Tiffany's liandsome jewelry establishment, on the east side, between Spring and Prince Streets, and that of Messrs. Ball & Black, on the southwest corner of Broadway and Prince Street. The former is still patronized by a large portion of the representatives of metropolitan wealth, beauty, and fashion, and is distinguished by the large clock — an excellent time-keeper — set in the wall immediately over the entrance, for the benefit of the public. The building of Ball & Black is of white marble, and, with its fine porticoed entrance and judicious yet simple decoration, is one of the most chaste and beautiful business buildings in Xew York. The arrangements within, including the cases, counters, and rich cabinets, are also unexceptionable in taste and refinement. Stewart's new building on the corner of Tenth Street— the largest store in the world, and, in point of magni- tude, the most imposing on Broadway — cannot but rivet the gaze, as we reach that point of the general thorough- fare ; though an idea of the actual immensity of this palace of trade can best be obtained by stepping aside and viewing it from the northeast corner of J'ourth Avenue and Tenth Street. Grand and extensive as is the outside, a thorough and satisfactory investigation of the interior would occupy a number of days. Grace Church, which most gracefully lifts its decorated whiteness and slender spire above the gayety and worldlincss of Broadway, a block farther up, is the next point of interest, and marks the spot where Broadway makes its sharp curve to the left. The architecture, together with that of the adjoining rectory, is light and pleasing; but the first impression is somewhat weakened upon learning that the tapering spire is a sham— being made of wood, instead of stone. The decorations of the interior are rather gaudy than nificent, but are probablv mostly in keeping with the tastes and inclinations of the glittering throngs who, on fine Sundays, are proud and rejoiced to meet for wor- ship in what has long been considered " the most fash- ionable church in New York." After considering the towering and extensive white- Grace Church, corner of Tenth Street and Broadway NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. Union Square. marble building just purchased by the Methodist Book Concern, on the corner of Twelfth Street, with a glance, perchance, at the homely terra-cotta-looking Wallack's Theatre, one block farther up, we approach the cheerful and spacious opening of Union Square. This handsome oval of greenery, extending from Fourteenth to Seventeenth Street, may be considered as the branching off from Broadway to the residences and resorts of the elite of the metropolis. The green itself, with a fine fountain in the centre, and provided with excellent shrubbery and trees, is in itself a most airy and interesting spot. Its walks are daily thronged by street-passengers desiring to make a short cut to the continuation of Broadway at Seventeenth Street, and, in the early mornings and evenings, by ladies and gentlemen of the neighborhood, and nurse-girls, with their charges in hand. Among the novelties to which the attention of the stranger in the metropolis may be directed, should be mentioned the sparrow-kingdom which has been founded and established in the green. A small colony of these useful, worm-destroying birds came here from London only three years ago ; and now the squares and parks of Kew York are their dominions, with Union Square as their headquarters, or the capital city of the domain. Here, with all the elaboration of Oriental art in miniature, is to be seen the " Sparrows' Chinese Pagoda " (it is a good thing, however, that sparrows have no architectural taste beyond uest-building), and, contiguous, are the " Sparrows' Doctor-shop," the " Sparrows' Station-house," the " Sparrows' Restaurant," etc., with any number of the beautiful little birds themselves skipping and flitting about, generally in the utmost harmony, and singularly tame, though now and then a battle takes place between a couple of feathered organizations on the grass, attracting throngs of spectators. At the south end of the square, just to the right of Broadway, is Brown's colossal statue of Washington. It is a bronze equestrian figure, placed upon a plain granite pedestal. The figure is fourteen and a half feet, and the entire monument, including the pedestal, twenty-nine feet, high. Despite the carping of critics, the statue is generally and deservedly admired. The horse is made subservient to the rider — a rare achievement in the design of an equestrian statue — the majestic presence of Washington being the first object to catch and rivet the gaze, while the true proportions and fine attitude of the steed complete the inspiring effect. Looking along Fourteenth Street, eastward from the Statue, we have a view of Messrs. Steinway & Sons' building — a chaste and elegant edifice of pure white marble, including the piano-forte warerooms of the firm, and the grand music-hall, which was constructed upon a careful study of the science of acoustics, and is now pro- nounced one of the finest halls in this respect in the country. On the same side of the street, at the corner of Irving Place, is the Academy of Music. Externally, it differs little from the institution as it looked previous to the conflagration which destroyed the interior three or four years ago. The Grand Opera-House and the French Theatre, with their novel attractions of the Opera iVA'IF >Y>A7v' ILLURTRATET). lloulfi; li;ivo (lotraotcd something from tlio prestige of Uio Academy— once so supreme!— but it still appears the iiiitural llohl for the Itiilian Opera, and tiic voices of our noblest singers still, occasionally, reechoes amid the walls they must ever hallow. The handsome white, marblc-fiiced building beyond the Academy is Tammany Hall. It is a noble building architecturally, was the centre of a wild and stirring scene during the session of the Democratic Convention which was held within its walls last summer, and is now occupied by Bryant's Negro Minstrels, and us a sort of theatrical hodge-podge of pantomime, ballet, gymnastics, and Turkish restaurant. We believe that this is not the first political temple of the metropolis which has suffered a transformation of the kind, and iu nearly every case the' change has been for the better, in a pecuniary sense. Almost immediately opposite the Academy, is the Chapel of Grace Church — a rather dingv-looking edifice for a new building; and inmiediately adjoining it is the iron tent of the Hippodrome, whose circular interior is, at intervals, the scene of the bare-back triumphs of Stickney, Robinson, and Eaton Stone, with other dashing eques- trian feats, as this or that cir- cus comi)any effect the lease of the building. Without materially chang- ing our position, and looking westward from the Statue, the eye roams eagerly along Four- teenth Street, scarcely second to Fifth Avenue itself in point of aristocratic elegance, with power to distinguish individual buildings almost as far as the Theatre Frangais, on the north side of the street, west of Sixth Avenue. Surrounding Union Square, is a circle of elegant and select hotels, restaurants, stores, and mansions. The famous Maisoii Boree stood, but a short time ago, facing the lower end ; Del- monico's upper establishment, at the corner of Fourteenth Street and Fifth Avenue, is within a stone's throw ; and the Everett House and the Clarendon are both in view from the northern extremity. Facing the western side of the square, a new build- ing is erecting for Messrs. Tif- fany & Co., occupying the site originally covered by Dr. Cheever's Church of the Puritans. the cit)'. Union Square may be considered as the virtual termination of Broadway proper, which nevertheless preserves its arterial character, through rows of imposing buildings, to the intersection of Fifth Avenue, at Madison Square, and even as far as Thirty-fourth Street. And there are enough new and elegant structures on either side of the way to tempt the pedestrian to continue his stroll. Prominent among these may be mentioned the colossal white-marble business structure on the left-hand side — second only to Stewart's in the space of ground covered — a portion of which has recently been occupied by Messrs. Arnold, Constable & Co. ; a grand new hotel, also of white marble, on the right-hand side of Broadway, just below Thirty-second Street, and a number of others. And before quitting the vicinity cf Union Square, where we are tempted to linger for hours, it will repay the trouble to make a brief digressioi. along Sixteenth Street, to the east, in order to obtain a view of St. George's Church. This noble and elegant edifice, sitiiated on the comer of East Sixteenth Street and Rutherford Place, is capable of holding a larger congregation than any other ecclesiastical structure in the city of New York. It is built of St George s Church of Sixteenth Street and Rutherford Place. The building promises to be one of the finest in NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. solid brown-stone, is of the purest Komanesque, or Byzantine, order of architecture, and, with its two lofty towers looking to the east, and immense depth and height of wall, is certainly entitled to the first rank among the religious edifices of America. It was erected in 1840, and its original cost, including the adjoining chapel and rectory, was $280,000. The interior was completely destroyed by fire on the 14th of November, 186.5. The scene at that time was one of the grandest and most terrific ever presented by a conflagration in this city. The fire and smoke burst in vast rolling volumes through the roof, and poured from every window, as if threatening destruction to every building in the vicinity. Long tongues of dazzling flame darted from the open towers to their very summit, and seemed to lick the sky ; and for a while the entire structure was wreathed by the devouring element, with sparks and blazing fragments hurled heavenward at every moment, as beam after beam of the lofty roof fell crashing down into the roaring abyss. But the noble walls and towers stood the ordeal without betraying so much as a crack or seam. The refitting of the interior was immediately entered upon, and it now — unsupported by any visible columns either to gallery or roof— presents an appearance of refined, yet sumptuous, magnificence to which its original grandeur is not to be compared. Its length from the rear of the chancel-recess to the outer walls of the towers is 150 feet, and its width, from inner wall to wall, 75 feet. The height from the ground to the peak of the roof is 100 feet — to the top of the towers about 245 feet. Looking upward from the marble pavement of the broad and echoing aisles, the deep, strong ceiling, though of the simple, open order, is one of the most striking and effective features of the interior. There are five tall windows on either side of the main body, above the galleries, with corresponding double-windows beneath. The staining of the upper or loftier sections is a marvel of beauty and art, as are also the rose windows over the chancel. The organ is a very old one, and will be changed for one of more modern pattern at an early da}'. The adjoining rectory — the abode of the venerated Rector of St. George's, Rev. Stephen 11. Tyng — and the chapel on Sixteenth Street are architecturally and otherwise in keeping with the noble edifice of which they are a part ; and the foliage, fountains, and freshness of Stuyvesant Square, immediately facing the church, lend an additional charm. FIFTH AVENUE. A brief walk from Broadway, along TVaverley Place, will bring us to the co nmencement of Fifth Avenue, and among the leafy shadows of Washington Square — in most respects, the finest ami most agreeable in the metropolis. Situated a little west of Broadway, between Fourth Street and Wavcrley Place, it is almost entirely surrounded by rows of elegant residences, with the New York University and Dr. Hutton's Church — both fine structures of the Gothic order — facing it on the eastern side. The Square was formerly the site of a Potter's Field — a fact which J^EW YORK ILLUSTRATED. would by no means bo suggesti-d by its present beauty and elegance. It occupies about nine acres. The trees are of older growth and thicker foliage than tho.so of any other square in the city, and a greater variety of song- birds haunt the green boughs, or flutter down the broad and shaded walks upon a pleasant day in the spring or summer. The lint-white, robin, and golden-crested oriole, mingle with sparrows of tamer hue, but equally pleasant voice, and hundreds of them may be seen, early in the morning, balancing themselves on chips in the basin of the fountain, and pledging bright beakers to the rising sun. The fountain itself is a simple but graceful one, surrounded by benches which, in the proper season, are generally occupied all day long. The walks are favorite resorts of nurse-girls, for the delectation of the children under their charge, and they are also fre(iuent sauntcring-places for the guests of the large hotels in neighboring Broadway. Fifth Avenue commences at about the centre of the northern side of this Square, whence a fine view is afforded, through the rows, of elegant and expensive residences of New York aristocracy and fashion. The fine rows of dwellings facing the Square from the upper side of Waverley Place are also among the finest and most convenient in the city. Still the handsomest street in New York, though of late years losing its tone to some extent. Fifth Avenue must be cherished by native denizens, and presented to strangers as the best thing our opulence and taste have yet been able to achieve in the line of continuously impressive architectural display. On many other streets — not mentioning Broadwaj- — there are more elegant buildings and even more imposing private residences ; but the ensemble of Fifth Avenue is still unrivalled. Commencing at AVashington Square, its luxury and splendor have extended nearly to Central Park, until what was thought a one-mile marvel of experiment, in 1854, has become a miracle of accomplishment in half a generation later. While exclusive circles have chosen more retired locations wherein to erect palatial places of abode. Fifth Avenue has consistently represented the rage for lavish expendi- ture which characterizes the newly-rich, while with this class still remains mingled a considerable leaven of those who give the uppermost stratum of " society " its laws. To describe in detail the many splendid mansions that line either side of it, would be to destroy the -general effect and pleasure of a first impression with those who have never travelled through its long extent of scarcely-interrupted magnificence. It has become a type of the promiscuous shades of social quality which somehow inevitably come together — often in a manner most incon- gruous — in a great city like the metropolis. It has been invaded between Twelfth and Twenty-third Streets by ifth Avenue, at corner of Twenty-ficit NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. Fifth Avenu Sunday Morn ng the aggressive influences of trade. First-class stores have been constructed out of brown-stone palaces, and dry goods, millinery, tailoring, restaurants, and music-stores are beginning to intrude upon the precincts once sacred to aristocracy and exclusiveness. There have been incursions, too, from less reputable hordes of outside bar- barians. Where merchants of high standing with their flimilies once lived, the " tiger " that men nightly light with ivory chips has made his lair. Faro flourishes and keno reigns supreme where fireside felicity once .shed a homely lustre. And even worse than this ; but that is bad enough for mention here. On one plebeian corner of the avenue, for a long time there persistently existed a painter's shop, which seemed to scorn all temptations looking to removal. Counterbalancing, however, what is evil of these intrusions, are a number of the most at- tractive sacred edifices in the city. Mostly built of brown-stone, in cosy, half Gothic or Elizabethan style, with shaven lawns around and bowered by the most luxurious of foliage, these places of worship are really charming in appearance. But the special beauty of Fifth Avenue is its spacious sidewalks in the fashionable season, espe- cially on a Sunday morning that's bright and sunny. The time will be immediately subsequent to morning service. Nf'JW YOliK ILf.USTUATHT). The scene may be scarcely appropriate, following so soon upon the religious exercises that have preceded it, but it is very fascinating in its freaks of worldly frivolity. What of loveliness and brillioncyin female face and form and frippery of dress that passes for two hours in a kaleidoscopic punoramo, could not help but dazzle tliu most sloical of spectator^. Nothing to compare with it can be seen elsewhere, at any time, in any part of the world. There is another phase of life on Iho upper end of tlie avenue, which has an equal fascination for a large class of people. This is the display of splendid e(iuipages which congregate there on the road to Central Park. All that hixury and wealth, directed by good judgment, can procure in the way of first-cla.ss horse-fle.sh, and a superb variety of carnages, throng briskly or sedately onward, as tlie fancy dictates, and form a diflereut panorama as matchless in its way as that upon the sidewalks lower down. Fifth Avenue, beginning at Washington Park on Waverley Place, terminates somewhere in the wilderness at the upper end of the island. From Waverley Place to Fifty-ninth Street is a stretch of two miles and a half, the entire length of which, with the exception of a few squares, just below the Park, is one uninterrupted succession of costly and imposing mansions. All the streets that cross it arc known by numerals. The squares each side of the avenue, for its entire length, partake of the exclusive character of the Avenue itself, affording a space over two miles long and about a third of a mile wide, in which elegance and wealth reign almost supreme. There arc many noble residences elsewhere in the city, but we nowhere find so extensive and unbroken a phalanx of brown- stone supremacy. The Brevoort House — still retaining its character as an aristocratic family hotel — is one of the first to attract the lounger's attention ; and then, moving through the rows of elegant residences, and crossing Fourteenth Street — the great rival of the Avenue itself — with half a dozen fine churches on the way, we may well pause a moment to consider the splendid and luxurious structure of the Union Club, on the corner of Twenty-first Street. It is built of brown stone, in superb style, and cost about $300,000. Next comes the fine, breezy opening of Madison Square, the nucleus of American hotel architecture, and quite as central and representative of metropolitan wealth and fashion as Union Square. The Square itself occupies ten acres of turf and foliage, and is surrounded by the magnificent dwellings and business buildings of Madison Avenue, Twenty-third Street, Broadway, and Fifth Avenue. One of the most notable features of the Square, standing at the intersection of Broadway with Fifth Avenue, almost di- rectly opposite the Hoffman House, erected to the memory of General Worth, by the corporation of the city of New York, in 1857 — eight years after the death of the aged and gallant hero in Texas — is the Worth Monument. The monument is four- sided, chaste and beautiful, each side of the base and shaft bearing inscriptions pertain- ing to the memory of the deceased and the names of the different engagements in which he distinguished himself, with handsome bronze reliefs between the inscriptions ou the base and those above. The front, or southward-looking side, presents a handsome equestrian image of General AVorth in high relief, with armorial insignia of the same material above, and the name and military title of the deceased in raised stone letters on the base below ; while, lettered in the shaft above, one be- low the other, are the celebrated battle- names of "Monterey," " Vera Cruz," " San Antonio," " City of Mexico." The west side (facing the Hoftraan House) states, on the base, the time and occasion of the monument's erection by the corporation, with a laurel-wreath in bronze. Worth Monument. Madison Square. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. Young Men's Christian Association Building, and Acadenny of Design, at of Twenty-third Street and Fourth Avenue. and, lettered on the shaft, " Contreras," " Churubusco," " West Point," " Molino del Rey." The east, or Madison Square side, presents a similar wreath, the inscription " Ducit Amor Patrias," and " Perote," " Puebla," " Cerro Gordo," " Chapultepec." The base of the rear records the place and time of the birth (Hudson, N. Y., 1794) and death (Texas, 1849) of the illustrious General; with bronze shields and upraised arm, mailed and weaponed, in demi-relief, and the names of " Florida," " Chippewa," " Fort George," and " Lundy's Lane," upon the shaft. The site of the monument — which is enclosed in a plain iron railing, and surrounded by green turf— is most happily chosen, and, in addition to being a worthy tribute to a beloved and gallant soldier of the Empire State, is a notable ornament of the brilliant and fashionable locality. As you enter Madison Square from Fifth Avenue, a digression along Twenty-third Street, either to the right or left, will command fresh and interesting architectural beauties. Among these may be mentioned the National Academy of Design, standing on the northwest corner of Fourth Avenue and Twenty-third Street. It has a front of eighty feet on Twenty-third Street, and of ninety-eight feet and nine inches on Fourth Avenue. The main entrance is on the former front, level with the second story, and reached by a double flight of steps. This second and principal story is thus divided. A wide hall extends from the entrance nearly the whole length of the building. In this are the stairs leading to the third story. To the right hand, on entering, is a range of four large rooms, which occupy all of the Fourth Avenue side. These rooms are lighted by the eight windows shown in the engraving — forming an arcade which extends from the entire depth of the longer fagade — and by the three windows of similar design on Twenty-third Street. The grand staircase leading to the upper galleries is a feature of the building. They are wide, massive, and imposing in eflfect. Exhibition galleries occupy the whole of the third story, which is lighted from the roof The interior of the building has been handsomely fitted up at great expense. Most of the woodwork is of oak, walnut, ash, and other hard woods, oiled and polished, so as to show the natural color and grain. The rooms of the second floor, except the lecture-room, are finished like the par- lors of a first-class house. Each of the four large rooms on Fourth Avenue has an open fireplace, with a hearth of ornamental encaustic tiles, and rich mantel-piece of oak. The windows are fitted with plate-glass sliding sashes, and the rooms communicate through a series of plate-glass sliding doors. The vestibule at the main en- trance has an ornamental pavement of variegated marbles, and the floor of the great hall is walnut and maple in patterns. The (fesign of the exterior was copied from a famous palace in Venice, and, being the only instance of this st3'le of architecture in the city, or we believe in the country, it possesses a peculiar interest. It is one of the most brilliantly decorated edifices in the country. The double flight of steps leading to the main entrance — ren- dered necessary by the circumscribed limits of the lot on which the building stands — has been skilfully made an ornament rather than defect. It is beautifully carved, and underneath it is an elegant drinking fountain, radiant in color and other exquisite embellishment. The walls of the lower story are of gray marble, marked with inter- vening lines of North llivcr blue-stone, and the entire elevation is thus variegated in blue and gray and white. At present the spandrils of the windows and arches show the brick-work of the interior wall. These are soon to be filled in with marble and mosaic medallions. Mr. P. B. Wight is the architect of the building, which was erected at a cost of one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. i ■llllfe it corner of Twenty th rd Strec Directly opposite the Academy of Design, on the southwest corner of Fourth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, is now in process of erection the building of the Young Men's Christian Association, which must prove highly ornamental to this part of the city, already so rich in structural beauty and elegance. When completed, it will The Grand Opera-House at corner of Twenty-third Street and Eit,hth Avenue, be one of the finest specimens of the Renaissance order of architecture in the city. The roof will be of the steep Mansard pattern, presenting towers of equal height at each corner of the building, and a larger tower (windowed) over the entrance (on Twenty-third Street), which is simple and elegant. NEW YORK ILLUSTRA2ED. The dimensions of the building are one hundred and seventy-five feet on Twenty-third Street, eighty-three feet on Fourth Avenue, and ninety-seven feet at the rear. The material is New Jersey browu-stone, and the yellowish marble from Ohio, in almost equal parts, though, on account of the latter composing the trimming material, the brown-stone gives the building the controlling air. The building will contain twenty-five apartments in all, in- cluding g_\-mnasium, library, lecture-rooms, offices, etc., and will cost about §300,000. A branching off along the same street, to the west of the Avenue, will bring us vis-d-vis to Booth's New Theatre, on the corner of Sixth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, and, in the opinion of many, the finest design yet offered by the architects, Messrs. Renwick and Sands. The building is in the Renaissance style of architecture, and stands seventy feet high from the sidewalk to the main cornice, crowning which is a Mansard roof of twenty-four feet. The theatre proper fronts one hundred and forty-nine feet on Twenty-third Street, and is divided into three parts, so combined as to form an almost per- fect whole, with arched entrances at either extremity on the side, for the admission of the public, and on the other for another entrance, and the use of actors aud those employed in the house. There arc three doors on the front- age, devised for securing the most rapid egress of a crowded audience, in case of fire, and, in connection with other facilities, said to permit the building to be vacated in five minutes. On either side of these main entrances, are broad aud lofty windows ; and above them, forming a part of the second story, are niches for statues, sur- rounded by coupled columns resting on finely-sculptured pedestals. The central or main niche is flanked on either side by quaintly-contrived blank windows ; and between the columns, at the depths of the recesses, are simple pilasters, sustaining the elliptic arches, which will serve to span and top the niches, the latter to be occupied by statues of the great creators and interpreters of the drama in every age and country. The finest Concord granite, from the best quarries in New Hampshire, is the material used in the entire fagade, as well as in the Sixth Avenue side. The interior — probably the most complete aud elegant in the world — is equally deserving of notice. It is subdivided, architecturally speaking, into four heights. The first and lowermost embraces the parquette, circle, and orchestra seats, for the accommodation of eight hundred persons. The second tier is thrown into the dress-circle ; the third constitutes the family circle ; and the fourth embraces the gallery, or amphitheatre. There is something of the French model suggested by the general effect of the interior, but there are many graceful and pleasing originalities. The stage is fifty-five feet in breadth, seventy-five feet in depth, fifty in total height, and is set in a beautiful ornamental framework, so as to give the effect of a gorgeously framed picture to the misc en scene. The boxes are tastefully arranged on either side of the stage ; and all of the interior divisions and subdivisions unite in their construction the latest and most improved appliances for celerity and ease in the manifold operations of the entire company. Taken from a point embracing the Sixth Avenue and Twenty-third Street facades, the glittering granite mass, exquisitely poised, adorned with rich and appropriate carving, statuary columns, pilasters and arches, and capped by the springing French roof, fringed with its shapely balustrades, offers au imposing and majestic aspect, and forms one of the architectural jewels of the city. We are now a block from Fifth Avenue — the thoroughfore to which we are mainly devoting our attention — but time is still permitted us, before returning, to visit dike's New Opera-House, the imposing and elegant struc- ture occupying the block on Eighth Avenue between Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Streets, and estimated to have cost nearly half a million of dollars. It fronts one hundred and thirteen feet on the Avenue, and ninety-eight feet on Twenty-third Street, and is eighty feet high, from the base to the cornice. It has a basement and four floors — the former being occupied by a warming apparatus, and as a general store-room for the theatre. The main entrance to the theatre is twenty-one feet wide, and leads up a passage, eighty feet long, into a vesti- bule forty-five by seventy-two feet. Thence the visitor passes up the main staircase, twelve feet wide, which con- ducts him directly into the dress-circle. The upper stories, which are divided into the family-circle and the amphitheatre, have their entrance on Twenty-third Street. The parquette and orchestra are arranged in the usual manner— the former occupying the elevation of the inclined plane. The stage is seventy-two by seventy-sis feet, which, including the proscenium, makes a total depth of eighty, four feet. It is capitally adapted for setting elaborate scenes and spectacles ; the ground beneath being exca- vated to the depth of twenty-five feet. The scenery is so arranged as to descend through the stage and slide at the sides, in the usual way. The exterior of the building is a good specimen of the Italian order of architecture. At the top, over the main entrance, is a statuesque group representing Apollo and Erato. Below this arc medallions of Shakespeare and Mozart ; and on either side of the window below are large figures representing Comedy and Tragedy. Em- blazoned coats-of-arms brighten the main entrance on either side. One of the most praiseworthy features of this noble theatre is the case with which the audience may make NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. *« Church of the Transfiguration, Twenty-ninth Street. their c>dt, from tlie building in ease of fire— there being no less than seven exits leading directly to the streets, and all readily accessible. The front of the theatre, on Eighth Avenue, is of solid marble, with ornamental cornice ; and the interior is lighted by chandeliers in a dome thirty feet in diameter. Returning to and continuing our progress up the Avenue, we are attracted, despite the glitter of the Avenue itself, to take a passing glance at the Church of the Transfiguration, situated on the north side of Twenty-ninth street, just east of Fifth Avenue, and, with its adjoining Chapel and Rectory, more interesting from its quaint ir- regularity and air of seclusion, than for any architectural pretensions. Indeed, it may be said to have no archi- tecture at all. The original edifice was erected about fourteen years ago, with the Rev. G. H. Houghton as Rec- tor and a congregation of three members. From time to time, as the congregation grew in numbers and wealth, additions were made, by appending a little chapel at this end, a porch at that end, and a wing at the side, until finally the original building itself disappeared, and gave place to another equally quaint and plain. A glimmer of the Gothic seems to pervade the low, simple eaves, with here and there, in a short slender column or two, per- haps, a shadow of the Arabesque, or something else ; so that it is in vain to place the whole structure within the confines of any specific order of art. With its attendant buildings, the church occupies about ten lots on the street ; and with the row of small trees in front, and the little green between the buildings, and the iron railing enclosing them, it would seem, were it not for the out-door bustle and life of the near Avenue, much like one might imagine that little church wherein Tom Pinch was wont to play the organ near the residence of the architectural Pecksniff. The size of the interior, however, is far greater than one would suppose. When the chapel is given into the main body of the church, as is the custom, by means of folding-doors, this, with the interior of the wing, stretch- ing southward to the street, affords accommodations for a much larger congregation than those of many buildings of far more pretentious exterior. The ceiling is very low, and of smooth, simply-arched oaken wood — the mate- rial of all the furniture. The chancel is comparatively small, and contains, besides the altar, a font of simple and exquisite design, and of the pure Parian. The windows are small and narrow, and prettily stained, as are also the windows over the chancel recess. The principal feature of the interior is the picture, directly behind the pulpit, of the Transfiguration, a copy from Raphael ; and the entire interior is in keeping with the picturesqueness of the church as seen from the street. Of all the splendid buildings on Fifth Avenue, none will probably ever be so famous as the marble palace for Mr. A. T. Stewart, nearly completed, at the corner of Thirty-fourth Street. This will unquestionably be, when com- pleted, the most costly and luxurious private residence on the continent. Even in its present unfinished state, words are almost inadequate to describe the beauty and unique grandeur of some of the details of its construc- tion. Mr. Stewart hopes to have it ready for occupation by next fall. Before he enters it as a tenant it will have cost him upward of two million dollars. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATE!). The marble-work, which forms the most distinguishing characteristic of this palatial abode, receives its entire shape and finish in the basement and first floor of the building. The fluted columns (purely Corinthian, and with capitals elaborately and delicately carved), which are the most striking feature of the main hall, are alone worth between three thousand five hundred and four thousand doUars each. On the right of this noble passage, as you proceed north from the side entrance, are the reception and drawing rooms, and the breakfast and dining rooms, all with marble finish, and with open doors, affording space for as splendid a promenade, or ball, as could bo furnished, probably, by any private residence in Europe. To the left of the grand hall are the marble staircase and the picture-gallery — the latter about seventy-two by thirty-six feet, lofty and elegant, and singularly well designed. The sleeping apartments above are executed upon a scale equally luxurious and regardless of expense. Externally, the building must ever remain a monument of the splendor which, as far as opulence is concerned, places some of our merchants on a footing almost with roy- alty itself, and a glance at the interior will be a privilege eagerly sought by the visiting stranger. Upon reaching Thirty-fourth Street, a brisk walk of two or three minutes to the east — if we can muster up sufficient resolution to make such a digression from our Fifth Avenue stroll — will bring us into or rather upon Park Avenue. This avenue arches the tunnel of the Harlem River Railroad — a wonderful excavation through the solid granitic stratum beneath — and extends from Thirty-fourth Street a distance of one-quarter of a mile. It is one of the healthiest, breeziest portions of the city proper, and a most elegant and select locality. Lit- tle or no inconvenience is experienced from the noise or smoke of the trains of the Harlem River and New Haven Railroads which are almost constantly trundling beneath the broad, v/ell-kept street. The noise is almost entirely deadened by the deep crust of rock and earth, and, as the cars are drawn by horses to nearly three blocks above the upper mouth of the tunnel, no annoyance is created by either the vapor or the hissing of the iron steeds. In the centre of the avenue, at regular intervals, are neatly-railed oval enclosures of green sod, with a grated hole in the centre of each. These apertures are for the purpose of transmitting daylight to the tunnel beneath, and their efficacy will have been perceived by any one who has made the subterranean passage. Their general arrangement, and the tastefulness with which they have been disguised, as it were, together with the elegant sur- roundings, gives the short, broad aveime something of the air of a London terrace. The Unitarian Church of the Messiah, occupying a commanding site at the northwest corner of Thirty-fourth Street and Park Avenue, was only completed a year ago — the dedication takiug place in April, 1868 — and ex- hibits in its completion many traits of simple beauty. The architecture may be best expressed as the Rhenish- T^ Stewart's Residence, at corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street. NEW YORK UA.VtiTllATEl). Gothic style. It is Imiit ol' bricU, with gray sandstone trimmings, and covers a space, inchiding the chapel, of 80 by 145 feet. Tiio cntriinco, on Thirty-fourth Street, is of light-colored stone, elaborately curved, and a little gem as a piece of architecture. The walls of the interior, which arc of plain plaster at present, will be doconited and painted at some luture day ; and the ceiling- is of the sinii)lc pendant order. Including the ground, the Church of the Messiah was erected at a cost of $'250,(101 (. The Hcv. Samuel Osgood, D. 1)., is the pastor. Innncdiatcly adjoining the Church of the'Mesi-,iah, and occupying the avenue block between Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Streets, is the larger and more elaborate Presbyterian Church of the Covenant. Its dedication dates three years prior to that of its neighbor. It is of the Lombardo-CJothic style of architec- ture, and, in many of its characteristics, is worthy the attention of the student in that branch of art. It faces the a\enue, and is built of rich gray-stone. These two edifices, occupying the most prominent angle of the broad, (luict street, with the adjacent rows of brown-stone dwellings, and here and there a snowy front of marble to relievo the brown sobriety, serve to ren- der this little Avenue one of the prettiest and most select in the metropolis. From the northern extremity, a fine view is also affbrdcd of the straight line of the Harlem River Railroad, piercing the deep granite cuts of Yorkville, and stretching away to llarlcm Bridge, with u glimpse of Central Park foliage and greenery to the left. But to return to the Avenue. On Murray Hill (Fifth Avenue, between Forty-first and Forty-second Streets) stands the Distributing Reservoir of the Croton Water- Works. Tlie tall, massive walls of masonry quickly apprise either the pedestrian or stage- passenger of its presence, and cannot fiiil to attract his attentive scrutiny if he is a stranger. The Reservoir is built in the Egyptian style of architecture, with massive buttresses. Between the base of the front wall and the pavement is a strip of turf, which is made a beautiful garden in the spring and summer, when the lower portion of the wall is happily relieved with beautiful roses and other blossoming vines ; and the large space between the rear wall and Sixth Avenue forms a pleasant public square for the citizens of that locality. This Reservoir is the third or Lower Reservoir of the great Croton Aqueduct, which conveys its 60,000,000 gallons of pure water a day, a distance of thirty-two miles, from the Grand Dam at Croton River to the million throats of the metropolis. Immediately opposite the Distributing Reservoir, on Fifth Avenue, is the building occupied by the Rutgers Female College. This excellent institution was removed to its present locality only a short time ago, and has proved very successful. The building, or series of buildings, were originally erected for dwellings — as, indeed, the two end buildings are at present occupied, the College using the central portion. The new Jewish Synagogue, on the Avenue, in the immediate neighborhood, is worthy of study, as the purest example of the Moresque style of architecture in this country ; and then, before reaching Central Park, we pass a vast edifice in the course of construction, between Fifty-first and Fift3--seeond Streets, on the east side of the Avenue. The walls have even now scarcely reached the height of thirty feet, but, when completed, it will be by far the most magnificent ecclesiastical building in the New World. St. Patrick's Cathedral, the structure under consideration, was projected by the late Archbishop Hughes, who laid the corner-stone in 185S, during which and the following year the foundations were laid and a portion of the superstructure built, when work was temporarily suspended. Upon the accession of Archbishop McCloskc}-, how- ever, a new impetus was given to the work, which has been vigorously prosecuted ever since. The ground occupied (extreme length, three hundred and thirty -two feet; general breadth, one hundred and thirty-two feet, with an extreme breadth at the transepts of one hundred and seventy-four feet) is the most elevated on Fifth Avenue, there being a gradual descent both toward the south, and toward Central Park, on the north. The site, indeed, is singularly happy and fortunate for so great and imposing a structure. A stratum of solid rock — which in some places is twenty feet below the surface, necessitating a cutting into steps to receive the mason-work — supports the foundations, which are of immense blocks of stone, laid by derricks in cement mortar. The first base-course is of Maine granite — the same as was used in the Treasury Building at the national capital, and the upper surface of the foundations, upon which it rests, are chisel-dressed, and appar- ently as solid as the crust of the earth. The material above the base-course is of white marble, from the quarries of Pleasantville, Westchester County — a highly crystalline stone, productive of very beautiful effects, especially in the columns and elaborations of the work. The style of the building is decorated Gothic — that which prevailed in Europe from the beginning of the thir- teenth century to the close of the fourteenth — and will constitute a judicious mean between the heaviness of the latter period and the over-elaboration of later times. Judging from the picture of the building as complete, it ap- pears to be more nearly modelled upon the celebrated Cathedral of Cologne ; but there are also fine and correct examples of the same order of architecture in Rheims and Amiens. JfHW YORK ILLUSTRATED. The decoration of the front (Fifth Avenue) will be unsurpassed in this or any other countr}-. There will be a tower and spire on each corner, each measuring three hundred and twenty-eight feet from the ground to the sum- mit of the cross, and each thirty-two feet square at the base, and thence to the point at which the form assumes the octagonal — a height of one hundred and thirty-six feet. The towers maintain the square form to this height, Reservoir and Rutgers Institute. then rise in octagonal lanterns, fifty-four feet in height, and then spring into magnificent spires to a further eleva- tion of one hundred and thirty-eight feet. The towers and spires are to be ornamented with buttresses, niches with statues, and pinnacles so arranged as to disguise the change from the square to the octagon. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. 31 Tho oontnil giiblo, between the two towers, will bo one hundred and fifty-six feet high. The main entrance will bo riohly doeoriited, flanked on either side by a largo painted window, and embowered in carved symbols of religion. It is intended to have this structure under roof within ten years. Wo are now at Fifty -ninth Street, the lower or southernmost verge of (Central Park, and Fil'lli Avenue is the principal artery through which pulses and throbs the vehicular tide which gives its noble drives their chief ani- mation and display. Above Fifty-ninth Street, the Avenue is, so far, very little l)uilt upon ; but the lots are held at extravagantly high prices, and it cannot be doubted that ere long all this portion of the street, overlooking Central Park, will be built up with a succession of elegant villas and mansions. Fifth Avenue is sometimes criticised as almost too solemn in its tone. The architecture lacks variety, it is true, ami the too-prevailing brown-stone gives it a monotonous appearance. This is far from being the case, however, wlien filled with promenaders and vehicles. But the full splendor of our town palaces can only be realized by a peep within. The lavish adornment of metropolitan interiors is a marvel even to travelled eyes. It is known that bronzes, pictures, vases, rare and costly furniture, and articles of vertu generally, have one of their best mar- kets in New York. Through the plate-glass windows the promenader may occasionally catch a glimpse of the interior elegance — flowers, vases, gilded furniture, pictures, frescoed walls, and rich upholstery. Fashion is here ; rank is here; taste is here; wealth is here ; supreme elegance is here; social exelusiveuess is here; all the vir- tues are here. " Was't ever in court, shepherd ? " asked Touchstone of Corin. " No, truly." " Then thou art damned." " Nay, I hope." " Truly, thou art damned, like an ill-roasted egg, all on one side." " For not being 'Jit,/'tr-'v^ iJll''S Roman Catholic Cathedral, on Fifth Avenue NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. citcouit'' ' Clio C oun , " \our iei=oii '" " Win," an';v\ci Toutli^tone, " if thou ne\erw l'^ t it coint thou iievei saw'^ ^ good manners if tliou ne\er siw'bt good manners, then th^ manners must be wicked ; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation. Thou art in a parlous state, shepherd." AVho shall question this Shakespearean test ? CENTBAL PARK. There are many public enterprises, intended for the benefit of the city, which mistaken calculations or official corruption have made complete or comparative failures. One, at least, can be presented, which has more than fulfilled the most sanguine expectations that were ever entertained of it. This notable exception is the Central Park. We call it " Central " Park now ; had we done so fifteen years ago, we should have been looked upon as lunatics. Allowing something for the foresight of the projectors who named it, there is likelihood that, in less than a quarter of a century, those who called it " Central " will be regarded as — speaking mildly — short-sighted speculators. But, regarding it as it is now, it is unquestionably the most beau- tiful park of its age in the world, and, even leaving the matter of age out of the question, it is doubtful if any jiark can be found to surpass it in features of natural and artificial beauty. The admission must be made that its fea- tures of natural beauties were few. They were mainly bowlders and swamps. But engineering science came into the field, and the results have been those that the story of Aladdin suggested to us, or that might have occurred in the twinkling of a brilliant dream. It may truthfully be said there is no more beautiful or attractive spot on earth. The Park has outgrown its faults of juvenescence. Its trees may not be as noble in the grandeur of age as those which line the avenues that lead up to the ancestral castles plentiful in Europe ; the country is not old enough for that; but what wonders a few years can accomplish have been accomplished in and by the Central Park. It has trees that need not be ashamed to show what they can do in the sub kf/mine fogi line of business. The shrub- beries are as luxuriant as any at Sydenham or Chatsvvorth. The lakes arc more artistically laid out and bordered than in any rival place of the kind. The architectural decorations are beyond comparison, while the practical ac- commodations for the public have never been approached. In summer, verdant with every shade of green, it is glorious, and in winter it has attractions that only those who have enjoyed them know. Nothing could possibly be so delightful as a moonlight night's skating on its frozen sheets of water, unless it were a summer evening's music-festival upon its emerald swards. To come down to mechanical details about the Park's dimensions is more than ought to be expected. Suppose it docs commence at Fifty-ninth Street and extend to One-hundred-and-tcnth, NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. ia that to be allowed to inter- fere with the little touch of romance one feels about it? Why should one's illusion of its illimitable vastness be cir- cumscribed by being told it is thirteen thousand, five hun- dred and seven feet, nine and four-tenths inches, in length, and twenty-seven hundred and eighteen feet, six and nine- tcnths inches, in breadth, mak- ing a superficial area of eight himdred and forty-three acres? Why speak by name of its nu- merous gates, when everybody knows by this time how to get toil and into it ? Why speak more fully of its grottoes and caverns and eyries ? Are they not known to the multitude of the people ? And the mena- gerie ! well, it is not complete yet. There may be lions of Africa and Bengal tigers and S elephants to come along after Q a while ; but in the mean time ■| wc have to be content with t numerous waterfowl and such ^ other additions as foreign and u domestic donors may supply. It is good as it is, and future enterprise will make it better. In a very few years there will be a first-class Zoological Col- lection in the Central Park. The scene presented by the numerous fine drives of the Park, during the afternoons of a good season, is a brilliant, ever-changing pageant, quite as varied as that presented by Rotten Row in London, and far more extensive. The finest teams and most expensive ve- hicles of our wealthy classes are mingled with cheap hack- ney-coaches — not cheap in price, however — bearing pleas- ure-parties of smaller means, but equally independent, and strangers from the hotels, with now and then a rusty old ba- rouche, or rockaway, in which some old farmer of Westches- ter, or Jersey, has driven into h Lii the} have heaid and read so much. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. Excepting the signs of heraldry — and even these are seen at times — the turn-outs of our commercial princes and wealthy sporting-men will vie in completeness and splendor with those of the nobility of Europe. In fine weather the elegant turn-out of Commodore Yanderbilt is often a striking feature on the road. Dex- ter, the king of the trotting-turf, with Bonner holding the ribbons, may be seen spurning the smooth way, and defiant of opposition. Fellows's incomparable four-in-hand, for which the Emperor Louis Napoleon is said to have offered a great sum, also frequently graces the drive. And there are others too numerous to particularize. The sporting-man in his light sulky or skeleton-wagon ; the successful banker with his lumbering yet resplend- ent coach, and liveried footman in the rear ; open carriages filled with beautiful and fashionable ladies ; the foreign ambassador's gilded coach, with his coat-of-arms emblazoned on- the panels ; dashing tandems and steeds of world-wide note ; these are the elements of the brilliant and varied scene, and the most animated feature of Cen- tral Park. CHATHAM STREET AND THE BOWERY. Suppose we start from the " Tribune Corner '' (comer of Nassau and Spruce Streets), and, leaving the grand, organ-like Times Building in our rear, proceed northeasterly, and enter Chatham Street, which, with the Bowery, is equally as characteristic of one side of New- York life as Broadway is of the other. On either side it is almost one unbroken line of Jew clothiers, jewellers, and mock-auction shops. Cheap but specious articles of wearing apparel are suspended in mid-air at every turn, and flap their invitation to the unsophisticated. Simpson's (whose name has become synonymous to metropolitan ears with that of "Mine Uncle") is just to the right, in the same place where it was first established nearly fifty years ago, and a little above, on the west side, is the veritable " Original Jacobs." We do not proceed far up the long, steep grade by which Chatham Street, or Chatham Square, curves into the Bowery, before we pass the building that was once Purdy's National Theatre — the spectacles and rude melo- dramas of which were great favorites with the rougher classes. A glance across the way, down Mulberry, Baxter, or any one of the small, filthy little streets intersecting the Square from that quarter, will give us a glimpse into the Five Points — still retaining many of their loathsome, vice-infested tenement-house characteristics — though of late, partly through the action of the authorities, and partly through the efforts of several benevolent societies, this infamous locality has been considerably ventilated. The tenement-houses of New York are. in many respects, unique to this country, and to this city. The term "barracks," which was once applied to them, is probably the best term, for they arc simply nothing else. The hand of improvement, with its wedge of street railroads, its smoke of the factory-chimney, and its brass-buttoned, blue-coated representative of " law and order," has thinned them out considerably from the purlieus of Five Points and Cow Bay ; but all through the odorous region of " Maekerelville," for many long and monotonous blocks, on all the alphabetical avcnuefi on the east side of the city, and elsewhere, the tenement-house lifts its towering head of from five to eight stories above the neighboring buildings, and the system has grown more com- pact and representative in its way than ever before. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. In a regular tcneracnt-house neighborhood, in the vicinity of Uie well itnown Baxter and Pearl Streets, for instance, our system of .stowing away our poor out of sight may bo studied to very good advantage. The picture arises vividly before ai\y one whose business or curiosity lias led him frequently into such a vile haunt of poverty and cviiiu'. Tlie narrow street or alley reaching between the high walls of windows, dirtily tiered ono row above the other, is more like a tunnel than a thoroughfare. It is, indeed, a stray gleam of sunshine that ever glances its way^ down these dingy walls to the reeking street below ; yet little children are playing in it — tossing oystcr-.shells, and throwing stones at a dead kitten, which has been flung from the door of a near grog-shop, and three or four men and women are quarrelling noisily. All of the tiers of windows that are not broken are dirty. Uere and there a slovenly woman lolls lazily out, gazing listlessly, or swearing at some child that may be going beyond the limits of parental instructions on the curb of the street. Some of the windows are broken, and filled in with blankets and old hats. Stretched across this narrow, tunnel-like street, arc lines of ragged, clean-washed clothes hung out to dry, which by no means remind the beholder of the " groves " wherein John Chivery sat and bewailed his unrequited affection for Little Dorrit. In the broader street below, there is as motley and interesting a throng as ever in- spired the peculiar genius of a Hogarth or a Dickens. Hucksters' wagons are retailing fish, frowsy vegetables, and woebegone fruit. 'Longshoremen out of employment, thieves " off duty," half-drunken slatterns reeling toward their rooms with precious flasks of gin ; little children prematurely pinched and aged, looking painfully like dwarfed old men and women — are the human elements of the vile neighborhood. The picture is not a pleasant one to dwell upon, but it is a part of New-York life, and no portraiture of the city would be complete without it. The sidewalks of Chatham Street are crowded at all times during the day and evening, but in the afternoon^ at six o'clock— when the work-people (men, women, boys, and girls, with the latter in the predominance) are going homeward from their emplojTnent in the down-town manufactories and printing establishments — they present a close, compact stream of humanity, which is quite surprising Many of the work-girls have pleasing and often beautiful features, but it is painful to notice the freedom with which some of them are will ing to bandy rude and indelicate jests with the opposite sex; of the same class. The darker feature of this noto rious thoroughfare — and of man) portions of the Bowery, likewise — is the infamous chain of under ground "Concert Saloons," which are nothing less than brothels of the vilest character. In these hole> of irretrievable sin, which extend in hideous clusters down William Street as well, girls — some of them almost children — poor, despairing, ignorant wretches, hopelessly lost to heaven and the world, slowly rot and festei to the grave ; and as yet no earnc^^t efforts have been made by the polic authorities to eradicate them. Chatham Square is the broad, sp; cious place at the summit of tl, hill, where it is, intersected by tli Bowery, East Broadway, Olivei Street, and the New Bowery. A portion of it to the right has long been a favorite hack-stand, and fit teen or twenty of these vehicles are almost constantlv to be seen there. A'^EW YORK ILLUSTRATED. Old Bowery Th Of the several lines of railway that sweep up the hill to enter the Bowery or East Broadway, the Third Avenue line is the most important. It is the longest and richest in the city, and its traffic is probably double that of any other company. Crossing the Square, we enter the crowded Bowery, with its continuous rows of shops of every description, its characteristic show-cases, fruit and cigar stands, its cheap bar-rooms and oyster-saloons, and its perpetual, varied human tide. The first edifico which attracts attention is the Old Bowery \tie. It occupies the site upon h three theatres have been suc- i\cly burnt and rebuilt. The 1 c ent structure is of the Doric or- dei of architecture, and, with its Inige, columnar front, presents an impo'-mg appearance. From the 'juhlmie — if any be inspired — to the ridiculous, however, is a remarkably mmble step as soon as one glances at the gaudy daubs which flaunt, like banners of burlesque, from the col. umns, and which are supposed to be truthful delineations of the stage within. Here, for instance, a red- and-yellow Robert Macaire is represented as being hurled to the earth by a sky-blue animal resembling a cross between a wolf and a wild-boar. Another represents a lordly, high-born youth, resembling a Water Street rat- fancier, rushing to the relief of a dark-green fat girl, who is about being carried down a rope-ladder by a crimson- colored corsair, with a violet nose ; and the remainder are of the same character. Nearly opposite the Old Bowery is the New- York Stadt Theatre. It is a handsome edifice externally, and the interior is roomy and commodious. There is generally an excellent stock company employed, and at certain sea- sons of the year the establishment is largely patronized by our German population. Immediately above, and adjoining the Old Bowery, is the Atlantic Garden, or Music-Hall. Being the largest and most frequented of its class, a brief description will serve as a type of those German halls and saloons which are so characteristic of the thoroughfare. The front portion of the vast hall is occupied by the bar and lunch- counter ; the entire floor is taken up by the beer-tables ; and from a gallery in the rear a brass band at intervals discourse their strains. At certain periods of the evening — say, at the close of the adjoining theatrical performance — the interior of the hall presents a scene inconceivably animated and festive. The bars and counters are thronged with men ; men, women, and children — mostly German — fill the multitude of small tables, laughing and talking over their Rhine wine and beer ; the white-aproned waiters run hither and thither, almost distracted, and clutching the han- dles of ten or twelve glasses at the same time ; while, over all, the loud, strong music breathes its revelling strains. There are a large number of fine business buildings on the Bowery, and among these may be mentioned the Citizens' Savings Bank, at the corner of Canal Street and the Bowery, and the Bowery Savings Bank, at No. loO. The Mechanics and Traders' Savings Bank, No. 283, is also a handsome building, worthy something more than a passing glance. Though less brilliant than Broadway, the Bowery, in its variety of character and scene, is more truly picturesque. Looking from some slightly elevated position at, say, the corner of Canal Street, north — with perhaps an his- torical recollection of the old Dutch days when Governor Stuyvesant's " Bowerie Farm " crowned the upper ex- tremity — the prospect is lively and interesting in the extreme. The long lines of shop-windows, the multitude and variety of signs on either side, embracing almost every symbol of business from a painted parasol to the three golden balls of the Lombard usurer ; flags and streamers waving from the house-tops, the street-ears and other vehicles rumbling through the thoroughfare ; and faces, faces, faces, young and old, male and female, false and NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. true, passing and repassing, loun-ing luul luirrying along the teeming sidewalks ; all these form some of the ele- ments of the remarkable picture. The noble brown-stone ecUfiee so boldly prominent at the head of the Bowery, where the little cape of greenery splits it, upon one side, into Third, on the other into Fourth Avenue, is the Cooper Institute. It was erected by Mr. Peter Cooper, of New York, for the moral, intellectual, and physical improvement of his countrymen. The basement is almost entirely taken up by the large hall, or lecture-room, wherein have been held hundreds of political mass-meetings, and which has echoed to the eloquence of the magnates of almost every political faith. The ground floor is occupied by stores and offices, and the Institute proper, or the " Union," com- mences with the third story. This story contains an exhibition-room one hundred and twenty-Qve feet long by eighty-two broad. The fourth story is a system of galleries, and with alcoves for works of art. Two large Icc- turc-rooms and the library occupy the fifth story. The library is entirely free, is an excellent one, and, with its reading-room, has been productive of great good among all classes of the community. The building cost about $300,000, and the annual income from the rented parts is nearly $30,000. While in this neighborhood, we must spare time to consider the Bible House, which stands immediately op- posite the Cooper Union, on Eighth Strest. This mammoth structure, by far the largest of its kind in the world, occupies three acres of ground, being the entire block bounded by Eighth and Ninth Streets, and Third and Fourth Avenues. Somewhat triangular in form, it fronts one hundred and ninety-eight feet on Fourth Avenue, ninety-six on Third Avenue, two hundred and two on Eighth Street, and two hundred and thirty-two on Ninth Street. It is built of red brick, with stone facings, and cost something over $300,000. A large portion of the interior is divided into offices, the ground floor being occupied by shops and stores ; and the rest is devoted, by the Society, to the publishing of bibles. They have printed the Scriptures in twenty-four different dialects, and distributed hundreds of thousands of copies in every part of the United States, supplying prisons, jails, and other institutions for the reformation or punishment of crime, with thousands of copies gratuitously, and have undoubtedly effected much good. The receipts of the Society since the year of its organization (181G) have been between $5,000,000 and $0,000,000. About six hundred and twenty-five persons are employed in the Bible House when in full opera- tion, and the various printing, pre.5S, and book-binding departments are yearly visited by hundreds of strangers. THE WHARVES AND PIERS. Being an island, and a singularly-shaped one at that, New York has the conveniences for a greater extent of wharfage than any city in the world, and a stroll around this water-belt of commerce, if it may so be termed, is one of the most interesting that can be made by the visitor desiring to make himself acquainted with the metropolis. No costly or elegant structures, no massive masonry will surprise us upon this tour. We shall find most of the wharves very rotten, very dirty, very dilapidated, but generally animated and picturesque. Indeed, all the debris of the town seems to wash down and settle on this outer rim of the city. Luckily there is a railroad belting the city, and we may ride or walk, as we please. Beginning at the upper extremity of the town on the North River side, the first impression created is that of newness and confusion. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. Wc find a few wharves jutting out into the stream, and large enclosed basins filled up with discarded rubbish, uniting with the mixed deposits of the sewers. We will start, for instance, on the North River side at, say, the foot of Fifty-ninth Street — the southern boun- dary of Central Park. At this point, the cars of the Hudson River Railroad thunder along almost at. the water's edge, and, a little above, the river-shore partakes more of the character of a pleasant beach than of the systemat- ically erected borders of a great mart. The rough-plank hovels crowning the brown rocks, which still present a bold front against the march of im- provement, arc mainly occupied by Irish laborers. The interior of one of them would present a scene very near- ly assimilating that of a cabin among the bogs of the Emerald Isle, with the pig in the parlor, and every other element. Schooners and sloops, freighted with bricks, lumber, and produce, are skimming up and down the noble stream, and, far on the other side, a graceful yacht or two may be seen rising and falling gently, almost in the shadow of the Palisades. Passing down, and skirting the vast lumber-}'ards — which for many blocks form a striking trait of this quar- ter of the city, and whose controlling interests have, perhaps, caused the demolition of ibrcsts in Maine, and the divestment of many a pine-clothed slope of the Adirondacks and the Catskills — we soon approach the roar and bustle of the city. The crazy little ferry-house at the foot of Forty-second Street is that of the Weehawken Ferry Company, run- ning boats every fifteen minutes to the cluster of taverns and lager-bier gardens at the foot of the highlands op- posite. It has been the theatre of many a wild scene between the police and the " roughs," when the latter have endeavored to cross, early in the morning, to engage in their favorite pastime of prize-fighting. In the waiting- room, there, the notorious " Billy Mulligan " — who was said to have had " pistol on the brain " — shot a fellow- rounder through the shoulder ; and, to go back Imtorkalhi, it was from near this very point that Alexander Ham- ilton passed to the fatal duel with Aaron Burr, on the heights beyond. We soon arrive in a neighborhood which may be interesting to the gatherer of statistics, but which is at the same time decidedly unpleasant to the olfactories. This is the region where the soap-boilers, fat-triers, and bone-boilers most do congregate, and whom residence-owners in the line of the poisonous smoke and gases that sweep over the city have in vain endeavored to drive across the stream. A few of the more offensive of these factories have been successfully indicted as nuisances, but the majority still hold their ground, and are likely to do so for some time to come. A moment's pause beibre we proceed down the avenue, in order to consider the piers and wharves which we have been passing. yaw YORIC ILLUSTRATED. Nearly one half of thcin are in an intolerably dilapidated and filthy condition. A long promontory of swaying, half-rottcd piles, green and black with the ooze of the Powers and the laving of the tides ; a dead dog or two and other carrion swirling at their base, with decayed vegetables tossed from passing vessels; a tub-like sloop en- (Icavoriug to discharge her cargo as well as the insecure planking will permit ; two or three ragged 1)oys — " wharf- mice'" will probably best describe them, since the other rodent-compound is mostly applied to wretches of a largergrowth— fishing on' the half-sunk'en canal-boat at the end of the unsightly structure ; such a picture will answer for more than one-half of the almost worthless wharves and piers extending as low down as the foot of Christopher Street— and there arc riot a few below that point that are equally as bad. A gigantic scheme to rem- edy this evil by replacing these piers by iron structures, each surmounted by a five-story iron warehouse, was brought before the Legislature a few years ago, but for some reason it failed. The large open space, or slip, at the foot of Christopher Street— the principal terminus of the Iloboken Ferry line — affords an agreeable change ; and we have also reached one of the most novel water-scenes presented by the metropolis to the visitor from the interior — the oystcr-boals. Water-shops will probably more clearly describe them, as they are presented to the reader in our excellent delineation. By far the great bulk of our oyster-trade is transacted through these floating sheds, some of whose proprie- tors have achieved colossal fortunes. In schooners, sloops, smacks, and every description of craft, the luscious bivalves are brought from the great plantations of Trince's Bay, Raritan River, Shrewsbury, etc ; and in the proper season the scene presented by the long line of oyster-boats is one well worth seeing. Continuing our stroll further down — with teeming, bustling quays to our right, with many a proud steamship loading or unloading at their verge, and so many bar-rooms and oyster-saloons to our left that one would wonder how they managed to pay expenses, were it not for the jostling traffic in the street and the perpetual stream of life along the side-walk — wc soon reach the fine dock of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, at the foot of Canal and Desbrosses Streets, where is also located the bridge of the Desbrosses Street branch of the New Jersey Rail- road ferry-boats. If we go out to the extremity of the open pier to the north, our attention may be riveted for a moment by a North River flotilla, toiling laboriously up or down the stream. This consists of a cluster of canal-boats, rafts, and other lumbering crafts, with a little tug in the centre, puffing away industriously, and looking immeasurably insignificant in proportion to the size and number of the huge vessels which it, nevertheless, bears surely and steadily along. These steam-tugs are built entirely with a view to strength and steam-power, and the work which some of them perform is surprising. A few steps to the left, along North Moore Street, would afford us a view of the huge and unsightly structure v.ith which the Hudson River Railroad Company have blotted out the beautiful St. John's Square, which was once the most charming feature of a neighborhood of boarding-houses ; but, preferring to keep nearer the wharves, we are afforded the pleasure of a view of a North River and a Sound steamer sweeping gallantly and majestically through the stream. The term of " floating-palace " is, indeed, appropriately applicable to these noble vessels — among the finest and most magnificent in the world. We are now fairly in the heart of the great produce trade, which monopoUzes West Street from Canal Street to the Battery, and most of the intersecting streets as far back as Greenwich Street. This makes the contrast between West Street nnd the Ea?1 River fide very di-tiiict ; for while the h.Wrr is JVEW YORK ILLUSTRATED. Washington Market— Outside Street Seen chiefly marked by the heavy importations from abroad, the prevailing feature of the North River thoroughfare is its commerce with the rural districts and the great West. Flour, meal, butter, eggs, cheese, meats, poultry, fish, cram the tall warehouses and rude sheds, teeming at the water's edge, to their fullest capacity. Fruit-famed, vegetable-renowned Jersey pours four-fifths of its products into this lap of distributive commerce ; the river-hug- ging counties above contribute their share, and car-loads come trundling in from the West to feed this perpetually hungry maw of the Empire City. The concentration of this great and stirring trade is to be met with at Washington Market. This vast wooden structure, with its numerous out-buildings and sheds, is an irregular and unsightly one, but presents a most novel and interesting scene within and without. The sheds are mainly devoted to smaller stands and smaller sales. Women with baskets of fish and tubs of tripe on their heads, lusty butcher-boys lugging halves and quarters of beef or mutton into their carts, pedlars of every description, etc., tend to amuse and be- wilder at the same time ''om& of the produce dealers and broker^, who occupv the little box-like shanties facing the market from the ii\ci, do i bu-ino-^> almost is lirgc as in\ of the neighboring merchants boasting their fivc- storv warehou'se^ - _-=-=j:» ^- _ The interior of the market is ^^ ilso well worth a visit. AVashing- s tlio door. New York Staut Theati:e, in Bowery, nearly oppi'site tlu- Bowery Theatre. Olympic Thkatre, C^i Broadway, be- tween Hiniston and Blceckcr sts. All the Broadway omnibuses pass the door. Ta.mmany Theatre, on 14th St., a short distance E. of Broadway. Wallack's Theatre, on Broadway, corner of 1.3th st., one square below Union Park, all Broadway omni- buses (■except Firtli av.') pass the door; Fourth av. .11- are at tlie rear; Broad- way cars (.lie -ii..i t ^.|llare to the W. Wood's JU >i.i m. IJri.ailway near 30th St. BroadHay and Ud St. cars pass the door. It is situated a short square E. of Sixth av. PRINCIPAL CEMETERIES. Calvary (Roman Catholic), Newtown, L. I., reached by Flushing R. R., Hunt- er's Point, by ferry from E. 34th St., or James Slip. Cypress Hills, on the Myrtle av. and Jamaica Plank road, five miles from Williamsburgh ferries. Office, 3 Tryon Row. Greenwood, on Gowanus Heights, Brooklyn. Reached by cars from any of the Brooklyn ferries. Office, 3 Broadway. Trinity, between W. 153d and 155th sts., and Tenth av. and N. R. Hudson Elver way trains Btoi> at 159th st. PRINCIPAL CHURCHES. Baptist. Calvary, 50 W. 23d ; E. J. W. Buckland, Minister, ITS Seventh av Fifth Avenue, W. 46th n. Fifth av. ; Thomas Armitage, Minister, h. 2 W. 46th. Freewill Baptist, 104 W. 17th; C. E. Blake, Minister, at church. Madison Avenue, c. E. 31st; Henry G. Weston, Minister. Murray Hill, Lex. av. c.E. 37th; Sidney A. Corey. Minister. Pilgrim. W. 33d n. Eighth av. ; H. W. Knapp, Minister. South, 2:35 W. 2oth; Samuel Knapp, Minister. Tabernacle, 102 Second av. : J. R. Kcn- drick, Minister, h. 210 E. 17th. Coiigrceratlonnl. Church of the Pilgrims, 3G5 W. 48th ; Seymour A. Baker, Minister. Churcii of the Puritans ; G. B. Cheever, Minister. New England, W. 41st n. Sixth av. ; Ly- man Abbott, Minister, h. 203 W. .^th. Tabernacle, Sixth av. c. W. »lth : J. P. Thompson, Minister, h. 32 W. 36th. Dutch Reformed. Collegiate. Lafayctlte pi. c. E. 4th ; North Dutch, William c. Fulton ; Fifth av. c. W. 29th : Lecture Room, W. 48th n. 5tU av.; Thomas Dewitt, h. 55 E. 9th, T. E. Vermilye. h. .50 E. 49th, T. W. Chambers, h. 70 W. 36th, Min- isters. North Dutch, J. L. McNair, Missionaiy, 103 Fulton. Northwest, 145 W. 23d ; H. D. Ganse, 1 Minister, h. 358 W. 2-2d. South, Fifth av. c. W. 21st ; E. P. Rogers, Minister, h. 42 W. 27th. Thirty-fourth Street, 307 W. 34th ; Peter Stryker, Minister, h. 319 W. 31st. Washington Square, Wash. sq. E. c. Wash. pi. ; Mancius S. Button, Min- ister, h. 47 E. 9th. Friends. East Fifteenth, c. Rutherford pi. Twentieth Street, E. 20th n. Third av. Twenty-seventh Street ; 43 W. 27th. Jewish Synagogues. Adas Jeshurun, W. 39th n. Seventh av. Adereth El, 135 E. 29th. Beth Cholim, 138 W. 38th. Beth El, 248 W. 33d. Lutheran. Gustavus Adolphus. 91 E. 22d. Holy Trinity. W. 21st, n. Sixth av. ; G. F. Krotel, Minister. Lutheran, Av. B, c. E. 9th; F. W. Foehlinger, Minister. St. James, 216 E. 15th ; A. C. Wedekind, Minister. St. Luke's, 318 W. 43d; G. W. Drees, Minister. Methodist Kpiscopal. Eighteenth Street, .307 W. 18th ; Parson- age, 305 W. 18th. Fifty-third Street, 2.31 W. 53d ; Parson- age, 2.35 W. 53d. Forty-third Street, 253 W. 43d ; Parson- age, 249 W. 43d. John Street, 44 John. Ladies' Five Points Home Mission, 61 Park. Eose Hill, 221 E. 27th ; Parsonage, 219 E. 27th. St. Paul's, Fourth av. c. E. 22d; Parson- age, 289 Fourth av. Second Street, 276 Second ; Parsonage, 280 Second. Trinity, 248 W. 34th ; Parsonage, 263 W. .34th. Twenty-fourth Street, 359 W. 24th. Washington Square, 137 W. Fourth ; Parsonage, 80 Macdougal. Presbyterian. I Brick, Fifth av. c. W. 37th ; Gardiner ! Spring, Minister, h. 6 E. 37th. I Chelsea. 353 W. 22d ; E. D. Smith, Min- ister ; h. 453 W. 21st. \ Church of the Covenant, Fourth av. c. E. 35th ; George L. Prentiss, Minister, 1 h. next church. | Fifteenth Street, 1.30 E. 15th ; Samuel D. Alexander, Minister, h. 144 E. 22d. Fifth Avenue, c. E. 19th; John Hall, Minister, h. 30 E. 18th. First, Fifth av. c. W. 11th ; W. M. Pax- ton, Minister, h. 49 W. llih. Fortieth Street, E. 40th n. Lexington av.; John E. Annan, Minister, h. 114 E. 48th. Forty-second Street, 233 W. 42d ; W. A. Scott, Minister, h. 208 W. 42d. Fourth Avenue, 286 Fourth av. ; Howard Crosby, Minister, h. 306 Second av. Lexington av. c. E. 46th ; Joseuh San- derson, Minister, h. 124 E. 46th. Madison Square, Madison av. c. E. 24th ; Ulams. .Ministc h. 8 E. 24th. 20th ; N. W. ! E. 3l8t. ■.23d; H.D. TJniversity Place c. Tenth; A. H. Kel- logg, Minister. Protestant Episcopal. Rt. Rev. Horatio Potter, Bishop, h. 88 E. 22d. Annunciation. 149 W. 14th : S. Seabury, Rector, h. W. 20tli n. Ninth. Ascension. Fifth av. c. W. 10th ; John Cotton Smith, Rector, h. 7 W. 10th. Calvary, Fourth av. c. E. 21st ; E. A. Washburn, Rector, h. 103 E. 21st. Christ, Fifth av. c. E. 35th ; F. C. Ewer, Eector, h. 55 W. 3Mth. Du St. Esprit, 30 W. 22d. ; A. Verren, Eector, h. 28 W. 22d. Grace. 800 Broadway. Holy Trinitv, Madison av. c. E. 42d ; S. H. Tyug, jr.. Rector, h. 117 W. 43d. St. Alban's. Lex. av. c. E. 47th; C. W. Morrill. Rector. St. Anns. 7 W. ibth ; Thomas Gallaudel. Eector. h. 9 W. 18th. St. George's, Eutherford pi. c. E. inth : Stephen H. Tyng, Rector, h. 209 E. 16th. St. John's, 46 Varick ; S. H. Weston, h. 409 W. 23d. St. Luke's, 483 Hudson ; Isaac H. Tuttlc Rector, h. 477 Hudson. St. Mark's, Stuyvesant. n. Second av. ; A. H. Vinton, Rector, h. 156Sccondav. St. Paul's, Broadway c. Vesey; B. I. Haight, Minister, office, 7 Cuurch, h. 56 W. 26th. St. Thomas's, Fifth av. c. W. 53d ; W. F. Morgan. Rector, h. 28 W. 39th. Trinity, Broadway c. Rector; and the Chapels of St. Paul's, St. John's, and Trinity Chapel ; Morgan Dix. Rector, h. 50 Varick; F. Vinton, h. Brooklj-n, and F. Ogiiby, Assistant Ministers. Trinity Chapel. 15 \V. 'ijth ; Rev. Dr. Higbee, Assistant Minister. Roman Catholic. St. Ann's, 149 Eighth; T. S. Preston, Priest, h. 145 Eighth. St. Francis Xavier. 36 W. 16th ; J. Loy- zance. Priest, h. 49 W. 15th. St. Patrick's, Cathedral. Mott c. Prince ; Most Rev. John McCloskey, Archbp. ; Very Rev. Wm. Starrs. Vicar-Genl. ; T. S. Preston, Chancellor; F. Mc- Neimy, Sec. ; P. F. McSweeny, J. H. McGean. and J. Kearney, Priests, h. 263 Mulbery. St. Peter's, Barclay c. Church; Wm. Qninn, Priest, h. 15 Barclay. St. Stephen's, 149 E. 28th ; E. McGlynn. Priest, h. 142 E. 29th. Unitarian. All Souls, Fourth av. c. E. 20th; H. W. Bellows, Minister, h. next church. Messiah, E. 34th c. Park av. ; S. Osgood, Minister, h. 154 W. lllh. Third, W. 40th n. Sixth av. : O. B. Froth- ingham, Minister, h. 50 W. 3Gth. Universalist. Third, 206 Bleccker ; D. K. Lee, Minister, h. 23 Periy. Fourth, Filth av. c. W. 45th; E. H. Chapin. Minister, h. 14 E. 33d. Our Saviour. 65 W. 35th; James M. Pulhnan, Minister, h. -M. W. 29th. Central Park, which extends from .50th to 125th street, and lies between Fifth and Eighth Avenues, may be reached by the Broadway, Seventh Avenue, Sixth Avenue, and Eighth Avenue lines of cars. These all run direct to the Park. The Third Avenue cars run two squares east of the Park. Jerome Park, by Hariem R. R. cars to Fordham. Coney Island, by steamer, and also by cars counccting with Brooklyn fer- ries. Long Branch, bv steamer. Canarsie, and Rcckaway, by ferry to Brooklyn, cars to East New York, and steamer at Canarsie Bay. - ■ - n small steamers up Harlem River. Uohoken, by Hoboken ferries. (.See Ferries.) Weehawkcn. by Hoboken ferries, thence by cars ; or by Weehawkeu ferry, foot or42d street. Staten Island, by ferry at Battery ; and at pier 19 N. R. N'EW YORK ILLUSiTRATED.—AnVKRTh^EAfENTS. i? o CZ PROVIDENCE, R. I. • O STERLING SILVER WARE, AND FINE ELECTRO-PLATED WARE. This Company, having the most extensive and complete Silver-Ware Factory in the Avorld, and employing the best talent in designing, mod- elling, and finishing, are, with the aid of ingenious and labor-saving machinery, enabled to produce in large quantities, and at the lowest prices, goods beautiful in design and unsurpassed in finish, the fineness of which they guarantee to be of sterling purity, U. S. Mint assay. A certificate is issued with all articles in silver, for the purpose of protect- ing purchasers from imitations of their designs. They also continue to manufacture their well-known and unrivalled Ifickel- Silver Electro-Plated Ware, WHICH WILL LAST TWENTY-FIVE YEARS WITH FAIR EVEKY-DAY USAGE. Orders received from the trade only, but these goods may be ob- tained from responsible dealers everywhere. STERLING. Silver. Electro-Plate. 6!iSS**M.M»Scj, 8 NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. JOHN F. HENRY, Great United States Family Medicine Warehouse, No. 8 COLLEGE PLACE, NEW YORK. SOLE PROPRIETOR OF UPHAM'S HAIR GLOSS, The finest preparation for the hair cow made. Satisfaction guaranteed in every instance. SOLE PROPRIETOR OF PARK'S ba.ls^m:. The most reliable Cough Remedy ever known. Hundreds have used it with great success. SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE CELEBRATED Better than the best of the higher-priced Dyes. SOLE PROPRIETOR OF GAYETTY'S MEDICATED PAPER. {^~ Beware of Counterfeits. Genuine has water-mark, " J. C. Gayetty," on each sheet. SOLE PROPRIETOR OF KELLINGER'S LINI3IENT, The great Kemody for all Pains, external or internal. One of the oldest and most reliable remedies iu the country. Never known to fail in any instance. HEAD OFFICE AND GENERAL WHOLESALE DEPOT FOR THE Great Central Depot for the " MISSISQUOI " and all other leading Mineral Waters. Full stocks of all PnoruiETARY Medi- cines, at proprietors' prices. A most complete assortment of all Fancy Goods, Perfumery, and Druggists' Sundries. THE LEADING PROPRIETARY MEDICINE HOUSE IN THE WORLD! Orders for any quantities, large or small, will always have prompt attention. JOHN F. HENRY, No. 8 College Place, I NEW YOIiK ILLmriiA TKD.—A D VKKTIfiEMESm 1^" If the reader of this should be asked to choose between two apparently similar articles of medicine or diet— the one made and prescribed by a scientific and professional man, the oilier pre- pared and sold without the ■rcsponsil)ility or sanction of any rccot beneficent inven- tions which have been made in recent times. "I have occupied myself for the last eight months with the preparation and use of this baking pi)wder, and have entirely satisfied myself that with it a most excellent Ijread, of delicious taste, may be made ; .and I believe I sliMl render a service to many by publishing the results of my experience. It contains the nutritive salts of the bran in sucii form that it renders unnecessary the use of sour dough, or of yeast, in the preparation of bread." Among those who have tested and approved this Preparation we may mention: Dr. Uorate Green, Dr. Willard Parker, Dr. John H. Grisconi, Dr. A. Jacob!, the late Dr. Valentine Mott, Dr. Fordyce Barker, ull of New York ; Dr. Cliace Wiggin, and Dr. S. A. Arnold, of Providence, R. I. ; Dr. J. C. Nichols, of Boston, Mass. ; Dr. C. T. Jackson, Mass. State Chemist ; Prof. B. Ogdcn Dorcmns, of New York ; Dr. Samarl T. Jackson, of the University of Pennsylvania; Prof. J. C. Booth, of Philadelphia, etc., etc., etc. We have printed for cratuitous circulation, in pamphlet form, an Essay, by Prof. Horstord, upon the " THEORY AND ART OF BREAD-MAKINU," and also LiEBto's Essay, above mentioned, entire. These will be furnished by us, without charge, to all persons desiring to investigate this subject. LIGHT, HEALTHFUL, DELICIOUS BREAD, IS NOW WITHIN THE BEACH OF ALL. The best of Biscuit, Muffins, Rolls, etc., etc., may be enjoyed by every family who use HORSFORD'S BREAD PREPARATION. For sale by all Grocers, and by ^WILSON, LOCK-WOOD, EVERETT & CO., MAMUFACTUSESS AiYD GENERAL AGEXTS, 201 Fulton St., New York. ^'E\V YORK ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. A NEW FEATURE IK THE SEWING-MACHINE BUSINESS. ********* The New York Sewing-Machine EniPORinM is not an Ageiity for the sale of any one kind of Machine, but, by an arrangement with the different manufacturers throughout the country, is enabled to supply all kinds, on the most advantageous terms. 51^" We send Machines to all parts of the world. ' ********** Persons living at a distance from established Sewing-Machine Agencies are invited to correspond with us in relation to any want they may have in connection with the use of Machines. ********** This Establishment is designed to supply every want connected with the use of Sewing-Machines. It is com- plete in its arrangements, and has every facility for conducting the business. THE NEW YOKK 744 BROADWAY, Comer of Astor Place, IS A GENERAL EMPORIU.M WHERE YOH CAN SEE AND COMPARE ALL KINDS, AND WHERE AT ANY TIME WITHIN A MONTH YOn CAN EXCHANGE, IF YODR FIRST CHOICE SHOULD PROVE IST O T S^ T I S F ^ C T O H Y. Machines are Sold at, the Manufacturers' Prices. Machines are fully Warranted in every respect. Machines are Sold on trial, privilege of exchange. Machines are Rented by the day, week, or month. Purchasers and Hirers are instructed Gratuitously. A Portion of the Rents is applied to the Purchase. Op'erators are sent out to work for Families. Stitching of all kinds is done at the Emporium. Old Machines are bought or take'n in Exchange. All Kinds of Machines are Repaired and Cleaned. Needles, Threads, Silk, Oil, Soap, &c., &c., are Sold. Tools, Fixtures of all kinds, are made and Sold. • Attachments for all purposes are fitted to Machines. W. R. PATTERSON & CO., Proprietors. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. SAMUEL S. WHITE, MANUFACTURER, IMPORTER, AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN ALL ARTICLES APPERTALXING TO DENTISTRY. THE LARGEST ESTABLBSHIIVIENT, AND Most Extensive Stock of Dental Goods, In this or any other country. DEPOTS: 767 & 769 BROADWAY, New York. CHESTNUT ST, Cor. of Twelfth, Philadelphia. 13 & 16 TREMONT RO\V, Boston. 121 & 123 STATE ST., Chicago. iVLE'lF YORIC ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. NOVELTY IROH WOSK$, Nos. 77 and 83 LIBERTY STREET, Corner of Broadway, New York. Plain and Ornamental IRON WORK, of all Kinds, for Buildings. IRON PIERS AND BRIDGES. MANHATTAN FIRE BRICK & CLAY RETORT WORKS. MAURER & "WEBER, Proprietors, EAST 15th STBEET AND AVENUE C, (opposite MANHATTAN GAS-WOBKS) !]S'E"W YORK, Manufacturers of Gas and Sugar-House Retorts, Tiles, and Fire Brick, Of all sJiapcs and sizes. N. B.— The South Ferry and Dry Dock Railroads, running thrnnih 14th Street, pass within one block of the Works. r.O"^EE,S or' THE Il,.A.I?,E ^^ISriD OXJI^IOXTS- SYPHER & COMPANY, SUCCESSORS TO D. MARLEY, 557 BRO^D^^^AY, I^EW YOHK!, Have- on liand, besides a larg-c and elegant A.—.\ DV EUTlSKMEXrS. M. J. P Al LLAR D & CO. {Late 21 Maiden Lane,) 680 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. IN MANUFACTURING AND IMPORTING MWSI©^!! The largest and best stock in the market, embracing all styles, sizes, and prices, can now be inspected in spacious saloons, fitted up for the purpose. We also offer a choice stock of Fine Gold Watches, Fancy Goods and Engravings, Musicians will find the finest CORNETS and BAKD INSTRUMENTS of the celebrated "SCHREIBER PATENT, with WATER VALVES." THE STANDARD &«llt€4lff mWLM: m&M%M% PHELAN & COLLENDER'S COMBINATION CUSHIONS, PATENTED NOVEMBER 27th, 1SQ1. The superiority of these tables is generally admitted. They are in use in nearly all the leading Billiard Rooms on the continent, in all the principal Hotels, in all the first-class Club Houses, and almost exclusive- ly in Private Residences. Seven distinct patents for im- provements in Billiard Tables have been granted Messrs. Phelan & Col- lender by the United States Patent Office, and Ihey have obtained pat- ents from both French and English Governments for improvements in Billiard Cushions, and also for a Combined Dining, Library, and Bil- liard Table. In the construction of their ta- bles, Messrs. Phelan & Collender employ the very best mechanics to be found in this country or Europe, and likewise a number of machines designed especially for the purpose, which insure a scientific and a me- chanical accuracy not attainable in any other establishment. Besides having the most extensive facilities for manufacturing Billiard Tables, Phelan & Collender keep a larger stock of BALLS, CUES, CLOTH, and every thing connected with Billiards, than will be found in any other establishment in the world. The best materials only are used, and the workmanship is faultless. All orders executed promptly. Parties ordering by mail can have any thing, from a Table to a Cue, sent to them with as much care as if ordered and selected in person. Illustrated Catalogues and Price-Lists sent by mail. PHELAN & COLLENDER, (Box 1847.) Warerooms, 738 Broad^A/■ay, near Astor Place, N. Y. q Manufactories, Tenth Avenue and 36th and 37th Sts. 10 A'-^IK YORK ILL USTRA TED.— AD VERTISEMENTS. DaST-A.BIjISia:E3D ^^. T>. 18J20. WINDLE & COMPANY, DEALERS LN AND IMPOETERS OF SILVER-PLATED AVARE, FIRE IRONS, TABLE CUTLERY, MATS, HOLLOW WARE, DOOR MATS, HAMMOCKS etc., etc. MANTTFACTUBERS OF f liii^lM iiii4i*»t, i0ibt ^ti%, W^itt §m\tu, BATHING APPARATUS, etc. AGENTS FOR The Kedgie Patent Water Filterers, The Adjustable W'indo\v Screen Co., The Davis Patent Refrigerator, The American Papier Mache Co., The Earth Closet Co. SPECIAL LICENSES OF IHl Ii4BMll iiPfll HMlElBit at©. Goods securely packed, to send to any part of the world. Illustrated Catalogues sent by mail, when desired. An inspection of our Store and Stock is invited, and goods will be cheerfully shown. JVb. 597 BROADWAY, and 140 MEBCEB ST., NEW YORK. iVJ'JW YORK ILLUSTliA TKD.-AI) VKIiTlSKMKNTS. 11 PRATT'S ASTRAL QIL- TRADU IflAUK. For Family Use.— No change of Lamps required —A Perfectly- Safe Illuminating Oil. Strictly Pure — No Mixture, No Chemicals — Will not Explode — Fire Test 145 degrees (beincj 35 degrees higher than is required by U. S, Government) — Packed in the celebra- ted Guaranty Patent Cans. Ask for Pratt's "Astral," the safest and best Illumi- nating Oil. Try it. Agents wanted in every town. Sold by dealers everywhere, and at wholesale and retail by the Proprietors. OIL HOUSE OF CHABLES PRATT, (Established 1770.) Manufacturers, Packers, and Dealers in Strictly Pure Oils, 108 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK. Box 3050. Send for circulars, with testimonials and ])rice lists. VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES HOTEL, AND ^ The MASSENA SPRING _^ T=:-^ 1^ located on the verge of the ~-=£- — — Riqnette River, St. Lawrence _ ^ =— County, N. Y., in a section of _ country noted for its pure, In- vigorating climate, admirably — _ _ adapted, aside from the sinjiu- — lar medicinal virtues of it? wa- tt 1 ?. for restoring health to the iu\alid. The Massena Waters AKE UNEQUALLED, As a remedy for ObUinaie Cutaneous Eri/ptions, Scrofula, Sail Rheum, Eiij- ipeiax, Sheu?natum, Can- cerous Tumors, Gravel, and all affections of tlie Kidneys and Bladder, Dyspepsia, etc. The Waters are bottled wilh are, and may be ordered from the Spring, or from our Gen- ral Agent, JOHN W. SHEDDEN, - - =r No. 363 Bowery. = ~^^r- Cor. 4th St., N. Y., Or from the leading Druggists throughout the country. The i'roprietor.s wimld refer to llie lullowiag geutlciueu: Kt;v. Dr. John JIcClintock, Madison, New Jersey ; Dr. Alfred PuRDi-, Dr. Jos. WoRSTER, Peter Balen, Esq., New York City ; Hon. D. C. Littlejohn, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Hon. W. C. Pi£Bbe- PONT, Pierrepont Manor, N. Y. ; Hon. H. Barton, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Hon. J. C. Haines, Chicago, 111. Guides to Spring, with analysis, etc., may be had at the Agency. Wholesale Agents : JOHN F. HENRY, New York; HtTRIiBURT & EDSALL, Chicago. THE UNITED STATES HOTEL, with its Cottages, is beautifully located in close contiguity to the Springs, and will bo round replete with all things necessary for promoting the comfurt and amusement of the invalid or pleasure-seeker. Good Fishing, Gunning, Boating, Riding, etc. Warm Baths of the Spring Waters. Terms reasonable. CROCKER & CO., Proprietors. 12 ^^W YORK ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. MIDDLETOWN IILIM SPEIIG Wlf IB MiddletoTvn, Rntland Co., A^eruiont. Th e attention of the public, and particularly that of invalids, is directed to these Springs — seven in number — whose waters are very highly recommended by Physicians and all others familiar with their wonderful effect on disease. THEY ABE UNRIVALLED AS A RE3IEDY, REFRESHING- AS A BEVERAGE, ANB PRONOUNCED SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHER WATERS! ESPECIALLY BENEFICIAL IN CASES OF Dyspepsia, Constipation, Diarrhoea, and Diseases of the Digestive Organs and all Impurities of the Blood, and Cutaneous Diseases, such as Erysipelas, Salt Rheum, Ulcerous and Cancerous Affections. Also, Rheumatism, Liver Complaint, Kidney and Urinary Diseases, Female Weakness, General Debility, Catarrh Incipient Consumption, Neuralgia, and effectual whenever the System requires Furifying? Regulating, and B^iilding np. Waters free to all at the Springs. Also shipped, securely packed, in cases of twenty-four quart bottles. HUNDREDS OF TESTIMONIALS of actual cures, and Recommendations of scores of Physicians, and prominent citizens of the United States. Pamphlets sent free to any address, giving full particulars. Address QUAYS & CLARK, PliOPJilETOIiS OF MWDLETOVm HEALING SPSINGS, MIDDLETOWN, VERMONT. NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. S. N. CARVALllO'S fill #iLM,lilT if rjy PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIO, No. 765 BROADWAY, (Between 8tu and Qin Sts.) IL^'ET^TT "^CXR"^.. CARTES DE VISITE AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF ALL KINDS. Ferrotypes 3Iade and Delivered in 15 3Iinutes. Copies of Old Daguerreotypes and Cartes de Visite enlarged to Life-Size. All work guaranteed to give satisfaction. PORCELAIN MINIATURES PAINTED IN TEE FIRST STYLE OF ART, AT VERY MODERATE PRICES. Thirty years of continual practice, as a Enables Mr. Carvalho to assure his patrons that all work intrusted to him will bo exccutea with promptness and fidelity. Iill'©m®ii©i ®f ililirem m Spiilmlty* By a new process, Photographic Likenesses of Children arc made almost instantaneously. Pictures can be made equally well in cloudy weather, and, for blue eyes, it is more desirable. y. B. — Old or Faded Daguerreotypes restored to their former brilliancy. 14 NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. BROOK'S f am aiDAii mm^ €#f t tn. FOR SEWING MACHINES. THE CELEBRATED Patent Glace Finish, 200 YARDS. White, Nos. 8 to 150, Assorted in cases, or solid in 10 doz. packages. Black, 200 Yards, Nos. 8 to 150, In cases or packages as above. Black, 500 Yards, Nos. 20 to 90, Solid, in 100 doz. cases or 10 doz. packages. Colored 200 Yds, Nos. 24 to 60, In 100 doz. cases, assorted num- bers and colors, and in 10 doz. ^m^^ BEST SIX-CORD Soft-Finished White, 200 YARDS. Nos. 8 to 150, In cases of 100 dozen, assorted, or packages of 10 dozen . solid. ALSO, 500 YARDS, Solid, in cases of 100 doz., or packages of 10 doz. Nos. 20 to 150. A fac-simile of this Cut is on the Wrapper of each Doz. RETAILED AND JOBBED AT THE W Iliti A eilli itwiig ■mille© l©i®% No. 6S8 Broadway, corner of Bond Street, New York, Ajro CONSTANTLY FOR SALE, IN ORIGINAL CASES, I?Y WM. HENRY SMITH & CO., Sole Agents in U. S., NO. 61 LISONABD STBEBT, NEW TOBK. iVA'll' YORK ILIMsrUA TKD. — \1) V KHTlsKMKMTti. 16 ESTABLISHED 1835. 111 Fulton Street, JSTeiv York, Manufacturers of White Lead and Zinc Paints, and PAINTERS' PINE COLORS, AND SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED READY-MADE COLORS, For all kinds of Exterior and Interior Painting, called R^ILRO^D COLORS. These paints are ground in Linseed Oil to the last degree of fineness, and are compounded with a view to economy, durability, and good taste. They are the result of careful experiments and thorough tests, the object being (what we claim to have accomplished in their production), viz. : SUPEEIORITY m BODY (covering property) to any paints ever before offered. That in Color they are as permanent as it is possible any color can be, exposed to the influence of Sunlight. That in point of economy they are unequalled, because a given weight will cover nearly double the surface that pure White Lead will cover. The list of colors includes Forty Tints and Shades, comprising all which are most suitable. Sample cards sent by mail on application. We request all requiring such goods to confer directly with us. We guarantee to furnish a hetter Paint at a given price than can be obtained in any other way. M^SXJRY & TS^HITON. N. B.— "How SHALL WE Paint?" a Treatise on House Painting by J. W. Masury, Cloth, 216 pp., $1.50. Also, "Hints on House Painting," Cloth, 84 pp., 40 cents. Either of these sent free by mail on receipt of the price. 16 ^'EW YORK ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. D. APPLETON & CO., 90, 92 & 94 QR^ND ST., NEW YORK, Publishers, Booksellers, & Stationers. THEY PUBLISH MORE THAN 200 SCHOOL BOOKS, Largely introduced into the various Educational Institutions of tlie country. Catalogues sent to any address, on application. f sua Sf At StMll.¥ IWilMliS INCLUDES EVERY ARTICLE IN THAT LINE. BLANK BOOKS MADE AT OUR OWN MANUFACTORY, Iti the most expeditious manTieVf at a reasonable cost 1