National
New Flat Back Scrap Books
Patented June 7, 1910
Black Skiver Cloth Back and Corners, ^§|p
Black Paper Sides
Number
Manilla Paper
Size
1024
Demy
4to
72 leaves
7 1 /* X 10
1026
Royal
4to
72 leaves
10 X 12
1028
Crown
Folio
72 leaves
IO X 15
^1029
Crown
Folio
100 leaves
IO x 15
AUG 12 ’19
MMCMGIE
DKOFPMIONIA:
ffi HIS 84TH YEAR
Taken IH at Shadow Brook on
I, Friday, He Sinks
Rapidly,
1 _____
WIFE IS AT HIS BEDSIDE
I -—-—
i Estate Estimated at $500,000,-
000, While His Benefactions
Totaled $350,695,650.
! STARTED AS A POOR BOY
Funeral t.o be Held Thursday In
Lenox, but. No Services
in New York.
Bpeciqi to The New York Times,
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 11.—Andrew Car-
■ negie died at Shadow Brook of bron-
: chial pneumonia at 7 :10 o’clock this
| morning.
Mr. Carnegie was about his estate, ap-
1 parently in his usual health, on Friday
i morning With Mrs, Carnegie and his
j daughter, Mrs. .Kosweil Miller. Friday
! evening he complained of difficulty in
I breathing, biyit seemed to have nothing
I Worse; than a cold.
\ On Saturday morning he felt fairly
| Well and .walked about his home, hut
i during tiSe dky he seemed tb grow wcak-
| er. Dr, Bruce Paddock of Pittsfield was
| summoned, lie found the patient’s tem¬
perature above normal with pneumonia
| indicated. He grew rapidly worse
i through Sunday, Dr, Paddock and
! trained nurses remaining with him con-
1 jstantly.
Mr. Carnegie was in his eighty-fourth
| year and. two former attacks of pneu¬
monia left him with little strength to
! resist this ^attack. Two years ago he
was .on the verge of. death from double
pneumonia. His exceptionally hardy con¬
stitution savOd him at. that time, but he
jeame out of it with impaired vitality
| and had grown rapidly feebler since that
time,
I Of irecentrays'the old man, who was
a great lover of flowers, had been fond
iof being wheeled in a chair into his
garden, . where he passed many hours.
! He always wore in the buttonhole of his
ihomespurig sack suit a sprig of sweet
| verbena, Which was his favorite plant.
;His flowers at his home in New York
j and at his Summer home have for sev-
I eral years been one of his main in¬
terests in life. Nothing meant so much
I to him, and, forgetting that others did
not always share this passion, on one
occas|on he picked three splendid rho¬
dodendrons and presented them to a
little boy when he intended to give the
youngster a munificent reward for tell¬
ing the servants in his New York home
t*hat he had accidentally locked himself
In his own garden.
After his flowers, he found his chief:
enjoyment about the estate in trips or
Lake Mahkeenac in his electric launch.
His last trip was on Thursday, when
| be spent several hours on the boat. His
I love for the water had grown in recent
| years. Barly in the season this year he
| was fishing constantly and took several
■ good strings of fish from the waters
which he had assisted in stocking.
He had not lost his interest in li¬
braries, Recently he contributed to the!
Lenox Library a Bum for installing
handsome new fixtures in the build-,
ine-.
Mrs, Roswell Miller, his only child, \
had gone to her country place, Caradoc,
at Millbrook, N. Y. On being notified
!that her father was very low, She and;
her husband, Ensign Miller, started at
once for Shadow Brook?, but did not at-,
(rive until after his death.
| Mrs. Carnegie, who had been worn;
j out by staying constantly with her hus-
; band during his illness, was prostrated
[ and saw no one but her daughter and;
j son-in-law. Many people from the vil¬
lages near the Carnegie home called;
J and left cards of condolence, and hun¬
dreds of telegrams of condolence camel
during the day from men ail over the!
country who had been associated with
the ironmaster during the , years in!
which he built up his gigantic. enter-
prises.
Mr. Carnegie had intended, it was
said, to make a visit to Scotland early
this year, and spend a time at Skibo
Castle, of which he is Laird, but this
plan was abandoned because of his
health and because . of government
restrictions in Great Britain, which
prevented his taking servants.
The funeral service will be conducted
at Shadow Brook on Thursday morning
at 11 ‘o’clock by the Rev. Benson N.
Wyman, pastor of the Lenox Congrega^
tional Church, where Mr. and Mrs.
Carnegie had a pew, and the Rev. Dr.;
William Peirson Merrill, pastor of the
Brick Presbyterian Church of New
York. The body will be taken on a
special train to Sleepy Hollow, N. Y., for
; burial in a lot that Mr. Carnegie bought
' some years ago. No services will be
held in New York City.
MANY VOICE TRIBUTES, \
TO CARNEGIE’S GENIUS
Prominent Men Prsdse Him m
Benefactor as Well as fof His
Industrial Achievements.
Prominent men thrpughout the coun¬
try paid tribute to Andrew Carnegie
| yesterday when they heard of his death, i
The following are some of the tributes: ij
CHARLES M. SCHWAB.-It would, be;
difficult fdr me to find, words to express,
my love and admiration for Mr.
. Carnegie, my friend, partner, and as¬
sociate, for forty years. He was the
greatest man I ever knew and he had a
heart so filled with tender sentiment,,
especially with reference to his as¬
sociates, as to make him beloved as well
as admired by all those who came in
business or social contact with him. He
possessed the faculty of inspiring others .
to unusual efforts in a greater measure
than any man I ever knew, and he al¬
ways won by expressions of appreciation
rather than criticism. The world has
lost a great man and a great benefactor
to humanity,, and I have lost a greater
friend than whom no man ever had.
JAMES B. CLEWS of Henry Clews & i
Co.—The death of Mr. Carnegie removes fi
j one of the greatest characters the world ;
■ has ever known. Ill these days of labor •
: unrest his career offers a fitting ex¬
ample of what can be accomplished by .
one commencing in the lowest station of !
life, when he possesses the necessary
qualifications- for rising in life and
makes the most . of his opportunities, c;
Viewed from almost any standpoint it j
3eems almost incredible that; any one
should liaVe been able to start at. the
lowest rung of the ladder as a mes¬
senger boy and work himself up through |
various grades until finally he became
the greatest manufacturer that the uni- i
verse has ever seen. The name .ot
Andrew Carnegie will last for many
ages to come, .not only, however, as !
the foremost iron merchant but for his
great works of philanthropy for the ben¬
efit of mankind. Mr. Carnegie not onlv f
was a great moneymaker, but he was
also a great spender , in the. right
direction.
GEORGE W. PERKINS. Chairman of
j the Finance Committee of the Carnegie
■ Foundation—I am deeply grieved to hear
[ of Mr. Carnegie’s death. He was a very
; great American, belonging to that class
! which after tlio war of ’62- was quick
i to appreciate that we had a united.coun-
! try and a great opportunity. He grasped
; the new machinery which inventors %
■ plAced;in our hands at that time, and
! with them threw all his great mental
^energy into developing our country.p
l When his active business career closed, ' ,
i with the. same energy he gave a large )
, I percentage of his wealth to movements
| that he believed would help the people. |
One -of the last talks 1 had with him
j was about profit-sharing. He was most j
f enthusiastic in;his commendation of the 1
steel -corporation’s profit-sharing plans, j:
and expressed the belief that the prim
eiple of profit-sharing was destined to
be a great factor in solving the existing .
problems between capital and labor. ;
THOMAS W. LAMONT of J. P. Mor¬
gan & Co.—Mr. Carnegie had extraordi- v -
narv qualities which made him a notable'! 1
figure on both, sides of-the Atlantic. He ,
first achieved, a. great success in in- j -
dustrv, a success which he .shared lib- ;
erallv with his capable lieutenants, and 1 •
then devoted his fortune and his energy.! •
to the causes of education and peace. t .
His libraries.,.spread over .the English-
Speaking world, his foundation for the j
advancement of teaching,-his aid to the :
causes of peace and Pan Americanism j
were wise gifts of enduring value and |
service.
JAMES BERTRAM, Secretary of the
Carnegie Corporation.—Mr. Carnegie ,
was my best friend. For twenty years :
I was intimately associated with him j
and his kindness was unfailing. I saw- ;
him for the last time a few months ago j
and in spite of his age I had no idea ;
the end was so near.
Dr. CHARLES F. THWING, President j
of Western Reserve University. Cleve-; j
land, and Secretary of the Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of
Teaching—Mr. Carnegie’s death is a 1
personal loss to thousands. These thou¬
sands include his “ boys ” who had been j
his associates in business and also the |
leaders in every department of life in ;
America and England. Lord Morley [
and Sir Gilbert Parker were among his
friends. His love for individuals was i
the expression of his love for all' men. |
Out of this love, sprang his great bene- :
factions. He died poor, as it is said he ,
wished to die, in the sense that he had
given away the larger ' part of his I"
fortune. He said to me after he re- ■
tired from business, that he could have ,.
kept on and still made money by the
millions, but he added: “Why not stop!
now? ” He had the greatness to stop
and to give. One great mark of his 1
character and career was his wisdom in |
selecting his associates. The remark |
which he probably made, that he wished l
iut on Ills tombstone the words: “ Here ,
,ies a man so wise that he surrounded
himself with men wiser than himself”
is characteristic.
PLAN MEMORIAL SERVICES
Engineers’ Society to Paj Tribute
to Donor of Building.
At a meeting of the United Engineers*
Society and the Engineers’ Club, held j
in the Engineers’ Society Building, in
West Thirty-ninth Street, yesterday aft- ;
ernoon, action was taken in connection ;
with the death of Mr. Carnegie. Com- ;
mittees were appointed to draw up res-..,
elutions and arrange for memo’rial serv- I
ices. The services will be attended by j
civil, mining, mechanical, and electrical :
engineers and will be held in the club
house. The .day and hoqr •will be an- .j
nemneed later.
The club house where the memorial .j
services will be held is a gift of Mr. |
•Carnegie -to' the engineers of the eotin- f
try. He- ’subscribed $17500,000 to have (
the structure erected and furnished in
1904.
PITTSBURGH MOURNS DEATH
Flags Lowered to Half Mast- as
Tribute to Carnegie.
Special to The New York Times.
•PITTSBURGH, Aug. 11.—This city,
where Andrew Carnegie laid the founda¬
tion for b is.steel business,' today paid
tribute to the dead philanthropist. Im¬
mediately after reading of Mr. Carne¬
gie's r.eatli Mayor E. V. Babcock or¬
dered All flags in Pittsburgh, lowered to.
half mast. -At the Carnegie Institute
plans were made' to drap the buildings
with crepe, in respect to the benefactor.
At the steel mills which bear his name
preparations were mode to suspend
work, and other Institutions m which he
was interested planned similar action.
Mourn Passing of Benefactor. '
ALTOONA, Penn., Aug. 1.1. --Hundreds 1
of veteran employes, nqw retired by the,':
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and;
who once worked on the Pittsburgh Di- |
vision when Andrew 'Carnegie was Su- 1
perintendent, are mourning the passing I
of their, former leader, Many of these p
pioneer railroaders received a pension i
of $25 monthly from the dead philan¬
thropist; . ’ Carnegie, resided in this city;
for two years, making his home with!
his mother. -*• --<
Lotps Club Puts Flag at Half Mast.
In memory of Andrew,-Carnegie,E the ‘
flag was placed at half-mast at 110 West
Fifty-seventh Street, over the building!
of the Lotos, Club, which had frequently ,
entertained Mi. Carnegie anid of which ’.
he wa.s a. life member.
AUG 12 13
ANDREW CARNEGIE.
In the old Fifeshire burgh of Dun¬
fermline, birthplace of Charles I., the
> loser of a kingdom, a boy was born
j who was to win a kingdom, to become
'f the head of the master industry of
iron and steel in the United States.
He was born to good fortune in a poor
cottage. He inherited nothing but
poverty and health, capacity to work
and to take advantage of every oppor¬
tunity. A merciless new Industrial
force, the power of steam, drove his
father, a master hand-loom weaver,
out of business, the whole family out
of Scotland. At twelve the boy who
fifty years later was to scatter hun¬
dreds of millions for beneficent and
fruitful objects as gayly and easily as
pearls and diamonds fall from the lips
of princesses in fairy stories was
earning $1.20 a week as a bobbin boy.
He got up early and he worked late.
He worked in a cotton factory. He
learned to be a telegrapher, and felt
himself to be. passipg rich on $25 a
month. He showed his mettle when
he was clerk and operator to Tom
Scott of the Pennsylvania.Railroad.
After a railroad accident he tele¬
graphed orders on his own responsi¬
bility. He showed his quickness, and
soundness of judgment, his talent for
administration, his swift grasp of a
situation., From that moment we feel
that his fortune was made. Slowly at
first. He saved. He made prudent in¬
vestments on the advice of judicious
friends. All liis life he was singularly
successful in acquiring helpful, useful,
and distinguished friends.
While Mr. Carnegie Is not to be
reckoned in the Baconian sense among
the “ founders ” of industrial . em¬
pire,” men like Bessemer and Sie¬
mens, his extraordinary gift of or¬
ganization, his ability to discover and
promote able lieutenants, enabled him
to carry out on a grand scale the
great revolutionary and creative new¬
ly discovered processes. Moreover,
he had that imagination that is found
in so many makers of mighty fortunes
as in the makers of novels and dramas
and epics. He saw iron bridges when
wood Was the universal pontifical ma¬
terial. Somewhat over fifty years
ago he saw that the English rail¬
ways were laying steel rails in place
of Iron, thanks to the Bessemer
process, which he brought to Pitts¬
burgh. He saw the immense demand
there would be for iron and steel
products in a country whose popula¬
tion was certain marvelously to in¬
crease, whose agriculture and com¬
munications and manufactures and
trade were even then in a pri ma ry
stage of development. Coke, iron ore.
/
iron and steel, he got, assembled, pro-]
duc'ed, adding establishment to es¬
tablishment in the most efficient,!
economical, and best organized!
methods. If the rebate system on the i
railroads and the protective tariff—;
which he despised, even if it aug¬
mented his fortune —were windfalls
upon the path of his prosperity, his
genius as an organizer and as a
chooser of men would have brought
, him the same success. Finally, can-
hily planning'a war to the uttermost |
against powerful competitors aiming
at a triumphant steel autocracy, he
had to be bought out with prodigious
millions.
Thenceforward he was to astonish
the world by his splendid gifts, nearly
a third of a billion for philanthropic j
objects. Six highly endowed institu-j
tions survive him, and perpetuate his i
j name and his purposes. His library
buildings are scattered through the
j country. To him ill-paid teachers owe
j the security of their old age. The!
| Carnegie Institution has done and!
j Promises permanently to do valuable
work for the sciences.
I If he did not car® to do good by
j stealth, it was because he felt that a
! ver y rich man is essentially a trustee
I for the public, and the public should
j know that the trustee is doing his
| duty. His wealth was such that it
j was hard work for him to carry out
his theory of the disgrace of dying
rich, but, ..surely, since the world be- 1
j gan nobody has given away anything)
| like so colossal a fortune. The piiblic
has got most of Mr. Carnegie's money i
by his frequent and lavish donations:
among the living, 'singular Scot, )he )\
minded a hundred million less than ['
the traditional ” saxpence.” Mr. t
Carnegie had a sense of humor not at r
all dependent on ” a.' surgical oper- 1
ation.” From life, from association ),
with many notable figures in business, j
in politics, in art and literature and
science, he picked up a various edu¬
cation. He was an original writer. In [
action and in leisure he tasted a wide'
variety of experience. He got a great. |
deal out of life, about everything -that f
he wanted. If cynics thought that he'J
was a little too,self-satisfied, is not the
iiero of the fairy story whose; life, in i
low estate began; who became one j
of the richest of men, who loved money
so well that he loved to give it away 1
with both hands, and who enjoyed j
himself with work or play through aj
long life, justified in approving his]
part and feeling that the spectators
must not only wonder but applaud?
His memory will live not so much by
reason of tlie amount of his fortune
as because of the incalculable good he
did with it.
AUG 12 ’19
CMNEGIE STARTED
AS A BOBBIN BOY
Came to America When He Was
12 Years Old and Left
Some $500,000,000.
MADE FORTUNE !N STEELj
Rose to be Dominant Figure in In¬
dustrial World and Great
Benefactor.
Until he was a septuagenarian. An¬
drew 1 Carnegie believed that he was
born in 1887. Then on a return visit
t.o his native town in Scotland he
learned that tne date 1887 in the church
records merely meant that the rec¬
ords were commenced in that year,
and ho was listed as a living child in
the first census. He announced his
correction of the date of his birth by
■ clicking the news to his, brother teleg-
■ raphers on a miniature telegraph
instrument at his plate at the dinner
they were giving in his honor, suppos¬
ing it to bo. Ms seventy-first when it
was really '.his seventy-third birthday.
Tie was born Nov. 25, 1835, in Dun¬
fermline, a little, manufacturing town
In Fifeshire, Scotland, at that time noted
for its weaving. Kis father and his
ancestors for a long ..way back had
been weavers, and at the time of An¬
drew’s birth the elder Carnegie owned
three, or four hand looms, one of which
he operated himself, and hired extra
hands for the others as the tbade re¬
quired. Andrew was to have been a
weaver too. but new inventions were
soon to abolish the' industry, and
William Carnegie, his father, was the
last of tl>e weaving line.
“ I owe a great deal to my mother,
lie wrote in 1914. “She was com¬
panion. nurse, seamstress, cook, and
washerwoman., and never until lfte_ln
life' had a servant in the h6use. Yet
she was a cultivated lady who taught
me most of what I know."
He earned his first penny by recit¬
ing Burns’s long poem, Man was
Made to Mourn,’’ without a break.
There is a story that in Sunday school,
being- called upon to recite some Scrip-*
ture text he astonished the assembly
by 'giving this: “ hook after the pence,
and the pounds will take fcare of them¬
selves.”
Wealth Put at $500,000,000.
Estimates of Mr. Carnegie’s wealth
made yesterday put it at possibly $500,-
000,000. When he retired in 1001 he sold
his securities of the Carnegie Steel Com¬
pany to the United States Steel Corpo¬
ration for $303,450,000 in bonds of that
fomoanv J-Te was possessed of l&.rp'e -in-
terests in’ addition to those bonds. When
lie started in 1001 to endow Ms great
benefactions lie made inroads into his
capital for several years m gifts w
libraries, for peace propagonda, and to
other' philanthropic causes.
The fortune of $303.450.000 in •> per
rent, bonds, if allowed to increase by
the accumulation of interest and rein¬
vestment since 1001 would amount to
about a billion dollars today, but Mr,
numerous . benefactions prevented this.
According to financial authorities, how¬
ever the ironmaster’s ambition to die
poor was not realized, end, despite the
scale of bis philanthropies, it was be¬
lieved tha t M’s fortune was at his death
oT large, as it ever was.'
Elihu Root, Jr:, J?on; of, fornmr United
States Senator Root, whose father-for
.rears has been Mr. Carnegie s counsel,
declined yesterday to discuss.,Mr. .<• ar :
negie’s affairs, other than to say that,
he was a citizen .of New York City and
to'-admit that his will doubtless would
be probe ted here. * ,
When he was 12 vears old the steam
looms drb\e his father, the master
weaver, out of business, and. reduced
to poverty, the family emigrated to
America. There were four, the parents
and two boys.' Andrew and Thomas.
Tiiev settled at Al.leshenv City, Penn.,
across the river from Pittsburgh. , in
1848 The father and Andrew found
work in a cotton factory, the son as
bobbin, bov, His pay was $1.20 In thR
bis first Mb. Tie was soon promoted,
at a slight advance. to ; he eng ine«r s
assistant, and be stoked the boilers
and ran the engine in the faetpry cel-,
lar for twelve hours a dav.
Tt was at this time, he afterwnWl
said, that the inspiration came for
his H ’ih«ec’ienf library benefactions.
Colonel A nderson, a '-mnfeman : w
:
A, Scott, at a salary increased to *35
a. month. Mr. Scott gob $125 a month,
and,” Carnegie said, ” I used to 1
wonder what on earth he could do with j
so much money.”
At that time telegraphy was still new.
The‘dots and dashes were not read by ;
sound, but were all impressed on tape,
and Carnegie is said to have' been the!
third operator in the-United States to |
read messages by sound alone. He was !
now Colonel Scott's ■ private secretary.;
One; morning when Colonel Scott was !
late .-.coming down the trains were get- i
ting tangled up. • in . the yards. The:
voungj -private secretary wrote out suehj
orders as he knew his chief would give i
and put them on the- wires. "When' 1
Colonel Scott arrived, greatly disturbed ;
over 'what- he supposed, and prepared to:
plunge into the work of straightening
things out, Carnegie -told what lie had .
done and said the trains werb all under I
way. Scott said nothing to him, but to
the President of the road 1 ho reported:
that he “ had a little Scotch d’evil in his ,
office who would run the whole road;
if they’d only give him a chafide.' 1 ’
HIm First Iuvestment.
His father died ' when Andrew was'
'16, and, as the breadwinner of ; the
family he advised 'his mother to make
her investment, $G0p, in ten shares of
Adams Express stock. She mortgaged
her home to do It, and there was a
monthly dividend of 1 per cent. “ I can
See that first cflek of $10 dividend
money,” he said ’after his retirement.
“ It Was something new to all of- us,
for none of us had ever received any¬
thing but from toll.”
This first investment was made on the
advice of Scott, who had told him that,
it would be a good one and had offered j
to help him if .he could not raise enough, i
Colonel Scott became General Superin- j
tendent of the. Pennsylvania In 1.858 and ;
Vice President, in 1860. taking Carnegie
along with him at each rise. - In- May. !
1861. the civil war- had broken out and !
Scott was appointed Assist,Ant Secretary ;
of War in charge - ’of • military- railroads 1
and telegraphs, and again he. took Car-,
negie With him. Carnegie pras now
Superintendent of the ' Western division
of the road, and did not want, to go to
Washington, but Scott insisted.
Mr. Carnegie was- placed in charge of
the Government telegraph , communica¬
tions. T-Te went to Annapolis a.nd opened
communications which the Confederates
had interrupted. He started opt on the
first locomotive widest ran from An¬
napolis to Washington. While passing
Elbridge Junction he noticed that the '
wires had been pegeed down by the
enemy. He,stopped the engine, jumped
down beside, the wires, and cut them.
One of them sprang tin and gave him
a wound in the cheek, the scar of which
remained .with him all through life.
Pie was on; the field at Bull Hun In
charge, of the communications, and was
the last man on the, last train that left
for Washington -when the rout, began.
Meets Sleeping Car Inventor.
While traveling on his division of; the
road one day he met a man .who said
his name was T. T. Woodruff, and that
he had invented a sleeping par. Mr.
Carnegie Was interested, and after see¬
ing a model lie became convinced of its
advantages. He arranged op. interview
between Woodruff .and Scott, and they
formed a small company which resulted
in the use on the Pennsylvania of the
first sleeping cars ever used- In the world,
They gave Carnegie an interest, but
when his Ussesefhent, $217.30, came due.
he had not the money : he borrowed it,
however, from a banker in Altoona and
repaid the loan at the rate of $15. a
month. His other, assessments were
paid from his. share of the earnings of
the car, and he made a profit on this
venture of about $200,000.
Mr. Carnegie’s first attempt to in-;
vest the fortune he was beginning to ;
make came when he put $40,000 in a
company formed for the development
of an untried piece of oil land. But oil;
was not found, h,e‘ grew discouraged, (
and he finally succeeded in selling out
one-third of his holdings for $3,000.!
Then he went to Europe, and while he j
was a wav the company struck oil. and ji
the - share remaining to hi hi was worth
a quarter of a million.
Tvyo of his fellow workmon, named
Piper and Schiffler, had attracted 1 his
attention by their work on bridges.
He proposed to them to organize a
compahv- for buildihg bridges, and the
Eevstone Bridge Company was formed
about 1863., His brother ! Thomas had
become interested in iron works, and
Andrew, after consulting with him, or¬
ganized the Oyclqps iniil for the pro¬
duction of structural, iron, to be used;;
in railway bridges. . /•
Colonel Scott joined with them, but
the project was not successful, and
Andrew Carnegie had to turn to
Thomas to help him get out of it. . He
proposed that his brother and Henry
Phipps. Thomas’s partner, should form
a combination that would relieve him
of his rolling mill, and a union of in¬
terests was brought, about in 1865. :
The result was the Union Iron Mills.
It was just at the right time. The
civil war had just ended and the great
expansion was beginning. The new
concern made great profits, and Car¬
negie proposed further ventures. It
was the era of the buildijig of railroads
and the development of the West.
Steel rails had become worth $80 to
$100 a ton.
Adopts Bessemer Steel Process.
By this time Andrew Carnegie was
recognized as the leader of this Na¬
poleonic , combination, which, with
every new success, reached out fur¬
ther. • On a visit to England in 1868 he
discovered ihe success, being obtained
there with the Bessemer process, and
brought the idea home with him and
adopted it in his mills. After - he in¬
troduced the Bessemer steel process in
[this country he became principal owner
of the Homestead and Edgar Thomson.
Steel Works and other large plants as
: head of the firms of Carnegie, Phipps
! & .Co. and Carnegie Brothers & Co.
In 1899 the interests were co'nsoli-
' dated in the Carnegie Steel Company,
which In 1901 was merged -in the United
States Steel Corporation, when Mr.
Carnegie retired from ‘business.
The only great clash with labor which
occurred 'while Mr. Carnegie was in
business was the Homestead strike of
1892. He was in Europe at the time,
and came in for much criticism for hot.
returning and for letting the trouble
go to a finjsh; without any action by
him. He, however, made an explanation
long afterward.
” T was coaching through the Scottish
Highlands oh my holiday,” Mr. Car-,
negie told the Industrial Relations.-Com¬
mission in 1915, “and did not hear of
the lamentable riot at Homestead until
days, after it occurred. I wired at once
that I would take- , the first steamer
home, but was requested not to cotne.”
He said tha.t after his return he told
the Homestead rollers that his partners
diad offered liberal terms and he could
mot have offered more, and that one of
men said; ” Oh, Mr. Carnegie, it
wasn’t a question of dollars! The boys
would have let you kick them, and they
wouldn't let another man stroke their
hair.” . And he also told the commission
a story of his treatment -of Burgess
McLuckie, one of • the Homestead men!
who disappeared to avoid arrest, after i
.the ri'ots. !? Professor van Dyke of Rut-'!
gers College "told him that-he,had met ;
McLuckie working as ;a .laborer in a!
mine at Sonora, - Mexico. Carnegie.;
asked the professor to offer McLuckie |
any . help tie- might need, and on |
return to the West he did so. !
He found that McLuckie. had obtained
a position with the ; Sonora Railway,
driving wells, and was prospering. “ You j
don’t know,” safdL the professor, ;
" whose money I. was told to help; you i
with.” He did not. ” Well, It was Mr.!
Carnegie’s..Phan,” related Mr. Car-;
negie, “came the slow, earnest re-!
sponse: ‘ That was ;.damned white of i
Andy.’ When T heard this I suggested f
to my friend Van Dyke that it wouldn't :
be a bad epitaph to grace one's tomb- }
stone. If it ever did I hoped there
would be no long blank between -the d's. !
Each letter should be put down to give
McLuckie’s proper expression.”
He sold out to the- Steel Corporation
for $420,000,000. and in his testimony
before the Stanley Committee in 1912,
referring to this bargain, he exclaimed. :
“ What a fool 1 was! i have since !
learned front the inside that we could
have, received $100,000,000 more from
Mr. Morgan if we had placed that, value-
on our property.” i
HIm Peace Propaganda.
Of all his fields of public activity he
took most interest, prcoably, in his j;
peace propaganda. . An offshoot of, hist
peace labors was ' liv"brlhg- i
Ing ..about arbitration in Central and,
South A,merica. Hp aided in the . or-.
’ganization of various leagues and com- ;
missions tp this end. and when Secre¬
tary of State Elihu Root returned from'
his. tour--of South America Mr. Car- ;
negie at once gave Mr. Root’s alma
mater, Hamilton College. $200,000 “ in -
memory of the services.of Senator Root
ij In behalf of international peace.” In
1907 he sent a peace commission to the
Latiri-A.nferican republics.
” Not so long ago,” said Mr. Car¬
negie in 1907, “a speaker recited in
my hearing how lie had been the most::
powerful naval vessel in the (world--:
the Dreadnought with ..her 18,0<00 tons
displacement. When my turn came I
said that 1 must regret to dispute the 1
statement. I myself had seen the most
powerful naval vessel in the world,
She was a tiny yacht-like vessel,
painted in-beautiful white, with a flag,
at her masthead-and 1 a toy cannon on
> her "deck—for
mostly.
I ** C? ,, ^
in firing salutes,'[
Such dainty vessels a3 these serve
to maintain the neutrality of the North
American great lakes. The little white
vacht was the true dreadnought. The
name of the other, the vast, gloomy
and terrible engine, should be- ‘ Dread-
evervthing dread wounds, dread
shot, dread drowning, dread savage,
hellish passions; dread miserable, tor¬
tured. fruitless death. - ’
If there seemed an Inconsistency In
his attacks on armament and thu mak¬
ing of it, in that he himself had once
engaged in the manufacture of armor
plate, he had an answer ready. He
had engaged In it reluctantly. He ad-
declined to bid to President Cleveland
for armor manufacture, despite Secre¬
tary Whitney’s pleadings to him to re¬
consider. President Harrison and- Sec¬
retary Tracy had urged him. but he
had refused. Then, while he was
coaching in Scotland, he received a
telegram' from Tracy saying: “ The
President considers ‘ It your duty to
contract for the armor for your coun¬
try; the ships'now wait fo.r it.” Car¬
negie, according to his story, replied:
” That settles it. That command from
the President of my country is a com¬
mand from on high. --
His Famous Utterance.
His famous utterance about ” dying
disgraced ” appeared in an article in
the North American Review in 1898, in
which he said:
” The day is not far distant when the
man who dies leaving behind him mill¬
ions of available wealth, .which were
free for him to administer during life,
will pass away * unwept, unhonored, i
and unsung,’, no matter to what use he
leaves the dross which he cannot take
with him. Of such as these the public
verdict will be, ‘ The mam whb dies thus
rUth dies disgraced.’ ”
When he came back, to the United
"States in 1907 he was the central figure
of the dedication of•the Carnegie Insti¬
tute at Pittsburgh, which had cost him
$0,000,000. In a .remarkable speech he
.said that he could not'bring himself to
i realization, of what' had been done.
Nile felt like Aladdin, when he saw this
building and was aware that he had put
it up, but he could not bring himself to
a consciousness of having done it any
more than if he had produced the same
effect by rubbing a lamp. He could not
feel the ownership of what he had given,
and he could not’ feel that he had given
In ‘‘.Problems of Today,” a book.pub¬
lished iii 1907, Mr. Carnegie expressed
some views on wealth which a.re un¬
usual in a millionaire. He declared
socialism, viewed upon Its financial side,
to be just, and said, ” A heavy pro¬
gressive tax upon wealth at death of
owner is not only desirable, It. Is strlct-
' Congregational Church of New
[York, and Rev. Benson N. Wyman,
I pastor of the Lenox Congregational
! Church.
I After the services the body will be
Taken by a special train to Tarrytown,
|N. Y., and interred in a plot, in Sleepy
Hollow Cemetery. This plot was select-
led by Mr. Carnegie himself several
! years ago.
The epitaph.. to be inscribed on the
tombstone was written by the steel
master to describe himself. , It reads:
“Here lies a man who knew how to
enlisOn his service better men t,han
! hlmsell'.’’
/ [Associates of Mr. Carnegie had pro¬
posed that a public funeral be held in
New York so that his many friends
might attend, but this plan was can-
! ealed by Mrs. Carnegie because of her
husband’s expressed >vish for a simple
service. Among those who -will attend j
is Charles M. Schwab.
Chauncey M. Depew, at Hotel Aspin-
Wall, today called the late Andrew Car-1
negie the greatest business man he had
ever known.
- “I had known Mr. Carnegie for nearly
fifty years,’’ said Mr. Depew. “ In the
troublesome railroad period of fierce
competition I saw him very frequently.
In those early struggles for business he
was one of the largest fasters in the
country. He controlled enormous out¬
puts, and the manner in which lie man¬
aged his business was a revelation cf
the genius he had for success. He was a
past master of the art of making a bar¬
gain. Of course,' a bargain at that time
of fluxuatton of rates and of lax Gov¬
ernment control meant opportunity for
the largest and shrewdest shipper to win
great successes in his business over'his
competitors.
“ Mr. Carnegie as a business man was
the most foresighted and adventurous
of the great captains of industry who
came to the front during those, stern j
days of great opportunities and also of |
great perils.
“ He had a talent beyond any of the
constructive manufacturers and mer¬
chants, selecting with unerring sagacity
the ablest men for the different depart¬
ments of his industry. Having selected
them, he--not only gave them great lib¬
erties but also large--wages according
to the success, larger rewards than they
could, have secured elsewhere. He made
many of them phenomenally rich.
“He was able to grasp the present
and the future in deciding that the great
factor in industrial development was
iron.
’ • While he, devoted his great treasure
and most of *iis time for tne ,past twen¬
ty-five years to universal peace, he
was the most resourceful and masterful
competitor for business of his time, j 1
remember what a dramatic and eventful
day it was when lie sold out his great
interests in steel and of his great • as¬
sistance to the United States Steel Cor¬
poration, then being formed by Mr. Mor¬
gan. Whether this greatest of the
world’s corporations, as regards capital,
should be started depended entirely
upon Mr. Carnegie. With him as an
outsider the combination could not su.he in¬
come it would yield. Both were phe¬
nomenal then, though cothmon enough
now, and it excited/the comments not
only of our country but qf Europe.
“His efforts, for the peace of the!
world were the most interesting. He
thoroughly believed it was possible to
bring about conditions which would
make war impossible. He gave vast
sums and created a tribunal as a centre
from which should radiate influences to
prevent war. This war, so universal, so
much more tragical than any other in
history, following so soon upon his gi¬
gantic efforts and expenditure, broke
his heart. I think he never recovered
from the shock.
“ I once asked him if he believed it-a
disgrace to die rich, and he said ‘ Yes.’
do not believe he succeeded, though
tried hard. I think he gave away
at least $400,000,000. He was devoted
to his family, very fond of his wife and
his daughter. It would not have been
possible for so careful and prudent a
man not to have made ample provision
for his family.’’
I
AUG 13 13
Extolled by President Wilson. j
WASHINGTON, Aug. 12.—President
Wilson, in a message of condolence sent J
today to Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, said the
death of the philanthropist constituted f
a serious loss to the forces of hu¬
manity. .
“ May I not express my deep sympa-
thy at the loss of your distinguished l
husband?’’ the message said. “His
death-constitutes a very -serious loss to
the forces of humanity and enlightened
public service, and takes .out of the
world a force which it could ill afford i
to spare.’’ _ ' _ , .. II
AUC14’I9
! TWO RITUALS FOR
CARNEGIE FUNERAL
Composite Presbyterian and j
Congregational Service at ;
Shadowbrook Today.
--
ASSOCIATES TO BE AT BIER
Ironmaster to be Burled Friday in
Crypt in Sleepy Hollow Near
Grave of Washington Irving.
Special to The New York Times.
jl LENOX, Mass., Aug. 13.—The Rev.
William Pierson Merrill, pastor of the
Brick Presbyterian Church of New York,
) arrived at Curtis Hotel tonight. He is
" arranging the form for the funeral serv¬
ice that will be held tomorrow morning
over the body of his late friend and
j parishioner, Andrew Carnegie, who died
' Monday morning at his country place,.!
j Shadowbrook, two miles west of here, at .
I Lake Mahkenac. >
J The service will be an adaption of the 1
Presbyterian burial service. Both Dr. .
Merrill and the Rev. Benson N. Wyman,
pastor of the Lenox Congregational
Church, will take part, giving the ritual;
of Scripture, reading prayers and psalms, j
which will be sung by the choir of the j
Brick Presbyterian Church, New York, j
A mahogany coffin, covered with black-,
broadcloth, specially made in New York, j
has plain gunmetal handles and trim- ■;
mlngs. The plate is of solid silver. The
Inscription of the plate in script is, “ An¬
drew Carnegie, born in Dunfermline,
Scotland, Nov. 25, 1835. Died at Shad¬
owbrook, Lenox, Mass., Aug. 11, 1919.”
The choir of the Brick Presbyterian
Church of New York has arrived in
Lenox to take part in the service to¬
morrow. Clarence Dickinson, organist
at that church, and also Professor of
Music at the Union Theological Semi¬
nary, New York, will be at the organ in
the great, music hall.
The arrangements of , the flowers will 1j
be by Robert Scott, tW gardener at
Shadowbrook,' who was personally !
chosen by the - late Mr. Carnegie to J j
build his gardens and grow his blooms.
All of the favorite garden flowers
which the aged ironmaster loved will
be used about the bier. There will be
a blanket of heliotrope, the flowers
from' the Carnegie gardens, which will
partly cover the coffin. The decorations
of the great music hall, where the
Services will be held, will be largely
white flowers. , . ■ d
All day the grounds at Shadowbrook
Were guarded, and no one not haying
cards for admittance was allowed to
enter the grounds.
Until seven years ago the Carnegie
family attended the Church of the Di¬
vine Paternity, Seventy-sixth Street and
Central Park West, New York which
was Mrs. Carnegie’s church before her
marriage. Since going to the Brick
Presbvterian Church, Mrs. Carnegie and
her daughter, Mrs. Miller, became mem¬
bers of 'that body. Mr. Carnegie went
there frequently until he became too
feeble to attend the services. The Rev.
Dr. Merrill, and the Rev. Henry fcloane
Coffin, pasto-r of the Fifth Avenue Pres¬
byterian Church, New York, officiated
nt the wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Roswell
Miller in the Carnegie mansion. New
York, last April. When Mr. Carnegie
organized and endowed the Church
Peace Union, Dr. Merrill was appointed
President of the Union.
Coming to Lenox tonight for The fu¬
neral were great men cf affairs- who
had been connected in the steel enter-,
Prises with Mr. Carnegie. Charles M. j
Schwab, foremost of the former lieu¬
tenants of the steel king, arrived by
automobile from New York. He was ac¬
companied by a friend. Also arriving
at Curtis Hotel, where the friends of
Mr. Carnegie are being sheltered, were
the Rev. Dr. Frederick Lynch of New
York, former pastor of the Lenox Con¬
gregational Church; Etihu Root, .Tr.,
Mrs. James Greenway, R. W. Franks,
Secretary of the Carnegie Foundation;
Mr. Brooking, Mr. Woodward, Truste.es
of the Carnegie Foundation; Thomas
Wave, Oliver Ricketson,- Paul Koly, Mrs.
P. P. Kellar, Miss M. V. Kellar of
Pittsburgh.
A press, report sent from Lenox today
asserting that because of doubt as to
the religious belief of Mh Carnegie the .:
funeral had been delayed Is said to 1)6
untrue by friends of Mr. Carnegie who
have arrived here. Long ago Mr. Car¬
negie wrote and had published a Pamph¬
let, “ The Carnegie Anthology,” which
expresses his views of benerit of the
Church and clearly expresses his belief
in God. This pamphlet was published
for private distribution. ,,
In his book ” The Gospel of Wealth
Mr. Carnegie praises t'ho rich man who
replaces an unsuitable country church
with a permanent and beautiful struct¬
ure. In reference to a church he writes:
“ Once within its massive circle its deni¬
zens live there an Inner life more precious
than the external, and all their "ways
are hallowed by the radiance which
shines from afar upon this inner life,
glorifying everything and keeping all
U right within.”
AUC14 ’19
TARRYTOWN, N. Y... Aug. lS.-The.
>ody of Andrew Carnegie will, bq con¬
veyed to the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
ry automobile hearse and not by tram
Tom Lenox, according to word received
;oday by the cemetery; officials. "he
>ody is due to arrive Friday morning.
The Carnegie plot Is the largest aha
'ostliest in the cemetery. It overlooks
h! Hudson and contains 13.000 square
!eet, studded with pine trees and cov¬
ered with shrubbery. The Pocantico
River flows along the east side of the
riot, while a short distance away is the
mausoleum of William Rockefeller _and ,
die plot of John D. Rockefeller. Nine
aundred feet from the Carnegie plot lies
the body of Washington Irving.
The Carnegie plot was bought three
years ago by Mrs. Carnegie *xn Skibo Castle, estimated to
be worth $1,000,000, and in 1910 he
bought the home in which he died,
Shadow Brook, in Lenox* being part of
the estate of the late Anson Phelps
Stokes, yyith a large frontage on Lake
Mahkeewac.' He paid $300,000 for the
property, which included 323 acres with
the large house and a tract of 240 acres
just west of Bald Hill, the highest point
in Lenox.
AUO17 id
ft n t a g r a ti u r t
trlur f tion
®ijp Npm fork OJtmpjS
^ u n ii a tj,
A unu « t 1 t , 1 alu
MJC17’!9
CARNEGIE
, AND MUS IC 'M
W HAT the late Andrew Carnegie
did for music itt America Is writ¬
ten large in the records, of New
1 York. Nearly thirty years ago he built
Carnegie Hall, where the chief orches¬
tral”" concerts have since been held, and
Where a host of music teachers are
housed. A similar hall in Pittsburgh
bears his name. He was for many years
the President of the New York Oratorio
and other societies. It was in Great
Britain, however, that he established a
fund for encouragement of native com¬
posers of that country, to the dismay
and even the outspoken protest of their
brethren here.
The overseas Carnegie Trust in its
first year selected for publication new
Works by such British composers as E.
L. Bainton, Granville Bantock, Prank
Bridge, Rutland Boughton, H. Howells,
Sir Charles Villiers Stanford, and
Vaughan Williams. Twenty-four com¬
positions out of a total of 136 submitted
; at that time were further marked by the
| “ adjudicators ” as being selected for
j “ serious consideration.” The annual re-
| port said that “ of the rest, many
; showed promise, and still more some
trained facility in composition, but it
was considered advisable, at any rate
for the first “year, that the scrutiny
should be severe, and that only works
Of more than common merit should be
allowed to pass.”
There -were four more works accepted
in the second year, though under war
conditions the publication was deferred.
These included a string Quartet by E.
r N. Hay, a pianoforte quartet by A. M.
Wall, a symphonic poem for orchestra
by L. A. Collingwood,; and a symphonic
poem, “ Wallace 1305-1905,” by Dr. Will¬
iam Wallace. Over eighty works were
then submitted, in spite of the greater
preoccupation of all patriotic Britons in
wartime. Dr. R. R. Terry, the editor,
and his coadjutors, Mr. Arkwright, Dr.
Buck, Miss Townsend - Warner, Mr. ■
Howells, and Dr. Wood, announced that
there would be issued ‘‘ after the wart”
from the Clarendon Press, an edition of
church music of the Tudor and Eliza- :
bethan periods in England.
'The aim, according to The London
Daily Telegraph, was ultimately to place
in British libraries a variety of works,
old and new, which for reasons of un¬
usual or special character found little
favor with the commercial publishers.
. As to the great-mass of music of average
quality and popular appeal, it was re¬
marked, publishers will see to it that
this sort of thing survives, not neces¬
sarily because they prefer mediocrity,
but because mediocrity pays, and they
are business men and not philanthro¬
pists.
” I take it that the Carnegie Trust,”
said a writer in that newspaper, “ leans
more toward philanthropy than toward
business in the conventional sense. It
is, then, to the trust that those of us
who take their art, and especially their
native art, seriously, look for the best
in that art. It may be that in this way
they are in the position of a glorified
and national waste-paper basket, into
which falls that cast off by the publish¬
ers. But can the fate of the trust be
more glorious—or the trust more use¬
ful?
“ It may be an inversion of the posi¬
tion, artistically speaking, of Dives and
Lazarus, but in this case would not the
Carnegie Trust be playing both rdles?
It really would seem, then, that serious¬
ness is the keynote of this potentially
great force in our musical life; and,
! may one suggest that, as publication
! has necessarily to be deferred, we may
yet heap at least the two quartets re¬
ferred to above? I feel sure that the
London Symphony Quartet or the Phil¬
harmonic Quartet would perform them
if properly approached.”
The committee of the trust had taken
up, it Was added, the possibility of in¬
stituting a central organization to serve
as a lending library of music, from
! Which costly scores of important works
might be lent to orchestras and. choirs
! in poor localities. While it Would not be
| possible probably to lend out choral
parts, which in any case are reasonably
inexpensive, it would be of great service
to conductors and orchestras to have
the loan of full scores and band parts,
which are always costly.
A bureau also was contemplated from
which musical advice could be given to -I
orchestras and choirs, if, said the re- |
port, “ it were placed under a, director i
of the right type.” He was to' be asso- I
ciated with a committee of management 1
representative of various schools of mu-
sical thought, the intention being to
' create a vast central organization to j
• which all progressive choral and orches-
l tral sqcieties, including provincial
schools of music, might be affiliated. i
MIG 21'19
ROOT DREW LAST
WILL OF CARNEGIE
Report That Testament Iron¬
master Himself Framed Will
Be Filed Is Denied.
MADE AFTER DAUGHTER WED
New Document Prepared Only Re¬
cently—$50,000,000 Estimate
Also x Called False.
: -
The publication yesterday dif't&aa ac¬
count of the alleged will of Andrew
Carnegie, which is to he filed in this
city next week by Elihu Root, brought
forth the statement from an authorita¬
tive source last night that the will de¬
scribed had been made some years ago
by Mr. Carnegie and represented a long
period of careful study on his part be¬
fore he signed It, but that it has since
been superseded by a later will drawn
by Mr. Root, with the actual making of
which Mr. Carnegie had little to do.
The decision of Mr. Carnegie to revoke
the will on which he put so much
thought and individual study and to
substitute for it a document which mere-
carries on- his ideas but represents
the actual labor of Mr. Root, is said to
have been due in part to the marriage of
pis daughter, Margaret, who was his
chief heir in the first will* to Roswell
Miller. At, the time of her marriage
Mrs. Miller’s father made a generous |
financial provision for hey and for this ;
reason the late Mr. Carnegie fouiv J
advisable in some respects to modify [
his final testament. Jj
While the will t.o Which Mr. Carnegie
devoted so much of his individual effort I
was an elaborate document, amounting
to more than 4,000 words, the will drawn !
by Mr. Root, which will distribute the j
remaining portion of the fortune is not ;
more than half as long, and could be I
read by the average person in ten min-'
utes. In b.».h documents Mr. Carnegie-1
makes moderate bequests to a score n
more of personal friends and associates,
and in each the Home 'Trust Company
of Hoboken is,,,named as trustee and
executor. ,
Own Company is Trustee.
The Home Trust Company js -Mr. Car¬
negie’s own organization, of which Rob- "
ert A. Flanks of 135 East SIxty-sixth-J
Street; long his business adviser, and
Treasurer of the .Carnegie Foundation
for the Advancement of Teaching, is the
President. Reciprocal legislation in New
York and New jersey, in which a trust i
company m cither State is permitted to]
a.:t as trustee or executor of sm- estate |
in the other, permits the Home Trust >
Company to quality here as if- ip wore ■
a New York institution. ..
it was learned last night that the will
which would have been offered for pro¬
bate-had-not circumstances induced Mr.
Carnegie to request. Yit. Root to draft
an imtirely new document rather, than
to express his 'wishes..through' the addi¬
tion of codicils to the original docu¬
ment, was .drawn-entirely in the .offices
of the Home Trust Company With the.
trust, company’s attorneys assisting the
philanthropist in putting it into legal
shape. Mr. Carnegie devoted many
days- in. a room on the top floor of the
trust company's Hoboken building in
putting the will into the exact form de-
snyd, and when he had finished he felt
entirely satisfied. When he decided to.
make syyh extensive changes- that M
f'lt they coin i not be .expressed prop¬
erly in a codicil his health would not
permit him to do .the same., amount of
labor again, and. he turned the. entire
matter to ,\Tr. Root.
Tn addition to r dministhring the Car¬
negie Estate, the Home Trust Company ’
will continue to act as disburser to ]
nearly 500 persons who for years have
relied almost wholly on monthly checks C
from Mr. Carnegie for their living. All i
of these had been known personally by '
Mr. Carnegie in the early days of his j
success, and some eVen dated to the
telegraph operator phase of his career, •
when he manipulated a key on the-Penn- !■
sylvania Railroad.
To Continue Tensions. j
These monthly payments run from $25
to $50 and will be continued during the
lifetime of each pensioner from a fund
for that purpose established by Mr. Car¬
negie outside of ids will. One of the
pensioners is said to be a Scotchwoman
born in a high station in life who was
abandoned by her husband and left pen¬
niless when he absconded some years ago
from.a position of trust.
A statement that Mr. Carnegie aided
hundreds of persons who lost money in
the collapse of the Carnegie Trust Com¬
pany because of their mistaken belief
that 1,.- was connected with it, was dc-
Idared last night to be untrue bv a
person acquainted with the facts. The
( 'fact that he did advance a large sum
of money in an effort to save the trust
company from failure; was known at the
time, but ho -has not pensioned any of
the depositors who got back only 44 per
cent, in the liquidation of the institu¬
tion, i
The statement, based on alleged ip-
I formation' from a member of Mr. Car-
| negie’s family, that, he paid an income
! on a fortune of only $50,000,000 and
that the sum to be disbursed in his will
is not; larger, was declared last night
to be untrue. Mr. Carnegie did not dis¬
pose of several times that sum before
his death.
I The Home Trust Company Was or¬
ganized entirely’- to care for Mr. -Car¬
negie’s financial transactions and he
and his organizations were praoticallv
the only customers. It WAs incorporated->
in New Jersey in 1001 with $100,000 capi- !
tal. and in response to his wl lies has j
made no statements except those re- <
quired by law. The officers other than 1
Mr. Franks as President are; George W.
King, Secretary; Alexander King.
Treasurer, and T. Morris Carnegie, An¬
drew Carnegie. 2d, James C. Greenway,
find Harry Whitfield, Trustees,
i The last statement showed total re- :
sources of $208,128, made up as follows;
.Stocks and bonds, •$177,500; duo from;
banks, $5,028, and Fpited States cert.i- ■
ficates of deposit. *25,000. The. Habib- -
ties included $100,000 capital stock and
$108,0(58 undivided profits.
iii
Carnegie will Disposing of
The will arid codicil of Andrew Car¬
negie follow:
I, Andrew Carnegie, of the City of
New York, make, publish, and declare
this my last will and testament:
First —I direct that all my just
debts and all inheritance or succes¬
sion taxes upon any of the legacies
and devises of my will and any codicil
thereto, be paid out of my residuary
estate.
S.econd—I give and devise to my be¬
loved wife, Louise Whitfield Carnegie,
all the real estate of which I die
seized or possessed, to have and to'
hold to her, her heirs and assigns for
her and their own use and benefit
forever; together with ail books, pic¬
tures, works of art, household furni¬
ture, horses, carriages, motor cars
and- other contents of the dwelling
houses, stables, garages, and ocher
buildings appurtenant to dwelling
houses now or hereafter during my
lifetime used or maintained by hie.
Third—Having years ago made pro¬
vision for lily wife beyond her desires
and ample to enable her to provide
for our beloved , daughter Margaret;
and being unable tt> judge at present
what provision for our daughter will
best promote her happiness, I leave to
her mother the duty of providing for
her as her mother deems best. A
mother’s love will be the best guide.
Fourth—I give and bequeath to the
persons and corporations hereinafter
In this Fourth Article named, the fol¬
lowing sums respectively, that is to
say,
To my friend and secretary, Robert
...■ Franks,, the house and grounds now
'Ccupied by him in Llewellyn Park,
Jrange, N. J., and to his wife succeed-
,ng him. This as’ a mark of friendship
.nd affection for both.
To Mrs. L- M. Morris, my cousin, her
uSband having recently died, I be¬
neath the house and property upon
-hich they lived and in which Mrs.
Corris now' lives; at her death the
roperty is to go to her two daughters
jually.
Liberal to Cooper Union.
To the Cooper Union, New York, I
iqueath $60,000, to make my total
ft to it $750, OOp!
To . the Pittsburgh University I give \
100,00(1.
[To the Relief Fund of the Authors’
ub of New York I give $200,000.
To Hampton Institute, Virginia, I
ve $300,000.
To Stevens Institute, Hoboken, N.
, I give $100,000 to improve my orig-
al gift.
Fo St. Andrew’s Society of New York
give $100,000.
To George Irvine, our butler, who
is just resigned after twenty-five
ars' faithful service, a pension equal
one-half his salary.
To Housekeeper Mrs. Nicol, who
ill remains with us in her twenty-
wenth year of service^ there shall
3 paid a similar- pension for life,
tewise to Nannie Lockerbie, our
arse, and to Maggie Anderson, our
dest servant—each one-half of her
resent earnings. These four are as
jembers of the family.
To' all household servants who have
| sen! with ns for four years there
tall be paid $600.
| Eight years or more $1,200.
i Fifteen years or more $2,00Q.
To each head of departments at
L kibo, gamekeeper, forester, chauf-
I jur, Captain yacht., Superintendent
olf links, piper, gardner, &c., there
hail be paid $1,000; if any have
erved ten years or over $1,500, if fif-
een or over $2,000.
To every laborer at Skibo upon our
lay rolls who has served two years or
nore $50, if five years oiy over $100.
A sum equal to two years’ rent shall
>e remitted to each crofter as rent ac¬
crues who is in good standing among
lis neighbors.
I We are blessed with fine people upon
Skibo Estate, and our factor is di¬
rected to grant a third ycaP’sPh-ent to
the crofters provided it is spent upon
their homes to their improvement to
the satisfaction of the factof.
To'the two late crofter tenants now
tenants of Creich and /Achormlary,
there shall he given a credit to each of
£2,000 upon their debt to me money
advanced that they mite be prompted,
with my Congratulations upon their
success as farmers.
Here ends the list of legacies.
List of Annuities.
Fifth.—I- give to each of the persons
hereinafter in this fifth article named
an annuity of the annual amount in
this fifth article- set after his or her
name, to be paid semi-annually during
the annuitant’s life, that is to say, to
To ehch of my nephews or nieces
married, $10,000.
To each nephew unmarried, $5,000.
To rriy dear sister-in-law Stella, with
love, $10,000.
(To my dear brother-in-law Harry or
I his wife,' Mrs. Whitfield, succeeding
' him, $10,000. v
To my cousin^ ISl^s Maggie Lauder,
Miss Anna Lauder, and Mrs. George,
all of Dunfermline, each $5,000.
To Alexander King or his wife suc¬
ceeding, $5,000.
George King or his wife succeed-?
ing, $5,000.
S. H. Church, Pittsburgh, wife suc¬
ceeding, $5,000.
W. J. Holland, wife succeeding,
$5,000.
Mr. Hammerslaig, wife succeeding,
$5,000. '
Miss West in Carnegie School, $5,000.
Douglas Stewart, museum, wife suc¬
ceeding, $5,000.
Mr. Beatty, Art Department, wife
succeeding, $5,000.
William Frew, $5,000.
Mr. Wilmot of Hero Fund, Pitts¬
burgh, wife succeeding, $5,000.
Mrs. D. A. Stewart, Pittsburgh,
$5,000.
Mr. Tuttle, Secretary Oratorio Soci¬
ety, New York, $3,000.
Mr. Walter Damrosch, New York,
wife succeeding, $5,000.
Mrs. Grover Cleveland, Princeton,
$5,000. ; .
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster
Bay, $5,000.
President Taft $10,000.
Dr. Joseph Garmany $5,000.
Miss Margaret R. Wi son, Normal
College, New York, $5,000.
George W. Cable, Northampton,
$5,000.
Mr. Woodward Prest, President
Carnegie Foundation, $5,000.
Mr. Henry S. Pritchett, Professors
Pension Fund, $10,0001
Homer D. Bates, New York City,
(Telegr. Fund,) $5,000.
Mrs. James R. Wilspn, Pittsburgh,
$5,000.
Mr. Robert A. Franks, wife succeed¬
ing, $20,000.
James Bertram, wife succeeding.
$10,000.
- ’ "• London, (life long
John Morley,
friend,) $10,000.
Thomas Burt, M. P., (life long
friend,) $5,000.
John Wilson, M. P., (life long
friend,) $5,000.
Right Hon. John Burns, $5,000.
Sir Swire Smith, $5,000.
Claude S. Carnegie, (Devonshire,)
$10,000.
Hon. Lloyd George, $10,000.
Hew Morrison, Edinbugh, $5,000.
Mr. Hardie, Factor, Skibo, and his
wife, jointly, $5,000.
Mr. Poynton, secretary, $5,000.
Here erids the list annuitants.
Whenever an annuitant shall die
leaving surviving a widow or hus¬
band wbp was living at the time of
my death, I direct that the annuity
be continued to such widow or hus r
.band sa-long as he or ‘she shall sur¬
vive and remain unmarried.
Provision for Income.
Sixth.—I direct my executor and
trustee either to set apart, hold in
trust, invest and keep invested, in
separate funds, one for each annuitant,
sufficient sums to produce by the clear
net interest and income thereof, re¬
spectively, the several annuities pro¬
vided in the Fifth Article of this will,
taking into account any changes, in
the list o| annuitants which shall have
been caused by death or by any codicil
hereafter made by me, and to pay
the said several annuities from the
interest and income of the 1 respective
funds in semi-annual payments, oi
to purchase such annuities in life in¬
surance companies of good standing
in the City of New York, or elsewhere.
Upon the termination, of each annuity
the principal of the fund held to pro¬
duce such annuity shg.ll be treated ana
disposed of ns a part of my residuary
Seventh.—I give- and bequeath to
Carnegie Corporation of New York,
incorporated by an act of the Legis¬
lature of the State of New York, which
became a law June 9, 1911, being
Chapter 297. of the Laws of 1911, all
the rest, residue, and remainder of
my property and estate of whatever
nature and wherever situated.
Eighth.—(1) I direct that no bond or
other security be required from my
executor and trustee for the, perform¬
ance of its duties.
(2) I authorize my said executor and
trustee, in its discretion, to retain for
investment of the principal of any of
the securities left by; me.
I authorize it.^ith the consent of the
legatee, to pay any legacy, herein con¬
tained, by ythe delivery of such securi¬
ties in lieu of cash to the amount of
their market value, ,and I direct that
the judgment of my executor and
trustee as to the true market "value of
such securities be deemed conclusive
and final.
I authorize it to sell any of the
securities or other property coming
Jrito its ■ hands, at public or private
sale, and upon such terms as to time
and manner of payment as it shall
deem best;
investments Authorized.
I authorize it to make new invest¬
ments of (She moneys coming into its
hands in ^uch securities as' are sanc¬
tioned by the laws of the of New
■York as proper investrnents for savings
banks; or in bonds secured by first
mortgage on railroads iri the United
States upon the common stock of
which dividends shall have been regu¬
larly paid for at least the two suc¬
cessive years immediately preceding
the time of such investment; ft in any
other class of bonds of any trunk rail¬
road company in the United States, in
high credit, which has not failed to
pay regular dividends on all of its
stock for at least five years immedi¬
ately preceding such investment; or in
the preferred stock of any>such_com¬
pany ; or in the bonds or preferred
stock of any industrial corporation in
the United States which shall not
have failed to pay dividends on all of
its stock for at least five years imme¬
diately prior to such investment; or in
bonds secured by first mortgage ' or
improved real estate, ih the United
States, worth, in the opinion of compe¬
tent appraisers, a clear 50 per centum
(.50%) more than the amount of the
mortgage; or in certificates of estab¬
lished bond and mortgage companies
or trust companies, secured by the de¬
posit of specific bonds and mortgages
answering the foregoing requirements.
I authorize, in its discretion, and
without liability for any loss incurred
thereby, to compromise and settle all
claims by, or against, my estate; to
extend the time for payment of any
deDls, due to me at the time of my
death, for such-time, and upon such
security, as it deems expedient, or
without security; to submit to arbitra¬
tion any disputed claims by, or
against, my estate.
I authorize it to employ such agents,
servants and advisers at. it deems
proper for the management of the es¬
tate and the trusts herein provided
for, and to pay out of the estate all
expenses incurred therefor.
Shall Be No Contest.
Ninth.—Each of the foregoing lega¬
cies is given upon the express condi¬
tion that the beneficiary of such leg¬
acy shall not, directly or indirectly,
commence, prosecute, or aid in the
prosecution of any legal"-proceeding
having for its object the defeat, in
whole or in part, of any provision m
this will or any codicil thereto, or
of any testamentary intentim herein
or therein declared, and I hereby re¬
voke and annul all .gifts made to any
beneficiary, who may, directly or indi¬
rectly, commence, prosecute or aid in
the prosecution of such a proceeding,
and direct that such gifts form part of
my general residuary estate and be
disposed of as such. . .
Tenth.—Should my wife survive me,
and should any bequests or directions
of this will be ineffectual, or invalid
in any degree under the law, by rea¬
son of my death occurring within two
months of the execution of this will,
or by reason of my having given more
than one-half of my estate to benevo¬
lent, charitable, literary, scientific, re¬
ligious or missionary societies, asso¬
ciations or corporations, of for any
other rfeason, I hereby give and be¬
queath to my said wife, absolutely and
without any condition all of my prop¬
erty and estate, of whatever nature
and wherever situated, which, for the
reasons aforesaid, or for any other
reason, may not be sufficiently dis-'
posed of by my. said will.
It is my wish not to die intestate as
to any part of my estate, and I in¬
tend, by this article, to give abso¬
lutely to my said wife all my prop¬
erty which, under any circumstances
by operation of the provisions of, law
above referred to, or any other law,
or for any reason, may not be other¬
wise lawfully given to the persons and
corporations named or mentioned in
my said will. I have entire confi¬
dence that it will be the wish of my
said wife to carry out, so far as prac¬
ticable, my intentions with regard
thereto, but this in no wise affects the
absolute quality of my gift to her.
Executor Named.
Eleventh.—I nominate and appoint
executor and trustee under this will
Home T r ust Company, a corporation
organized and existing under the laws
of the State of New Jersey. In case for
any reason the said Home Trust Com¬
pany shall be unable to act as exec¬
utor and trustee under this will then
I nominate .and appoint executor and
trustee unaer . this will Robert A.
Franks of Hoboken, my financial sec¬
retary, and in case he shall be unable
to act as executor and trustee under
this will, then I nominate and appoint
executor- and trustee under this. will
the President for the time being'of
the said Home Trust Company. In
case my executors and trustee shall
be the Horne Trust Company or any
person not receiving a legacy or an¬
nuity under this will, I direct that my
executor and trustee shall receive as
full compensation for. all services as
executor and trustee and in lieu of all
commissions as such executor and
trustee the sum of one hundred thou¬
sand dollars ($100,000.) In case my ex¬
ecutor and trustee under this will shall
be the aforesaid Robert A. Franks or
any other person receiving a legacy or
annuity under this will, I direct that ,
my executor and trustee -shall receive, j -
such legacy or annuity as full com- ;
pensation for all services as executor j
and trustee and in 'lieu of all com- !
missions as such executor and trustee. ; ■.
Acceptance of the appointment here- !
under shall be deemed an assent to |
this condition.
■'Twelfth.—I hereby revoke all other j.,
wills and codicils to wills by me at i
any time heretofore made.
in witness wh r.of i, Andrew Car- !•■
negie, testator,- have set my hand and ;
seal to two original wills ip duplicate,
and have to the ten preceding sheets
subscribed my name in the City of
New York this thirteenth day of Feb- •;
ruary, A. D., one thousand nine hun- i I
dred and twelve.
[Seal] ANDREW CARNEGIE. 1 1
The foregoing will is typewritten on !/
one side of ten sheets numbered from
1 to 10 inclusive, except the names j
of legatees and the amounts of the : .,
legacies under. Pai agraph Fourth, the 1
names of annuitants and amounts of ;
the annuities under Paragraph Fifth,
and the statements written at the foot '
of the lists of annuities , and legacit-s |
and showing the termination theroot,
all of which are written in the hand !
of the testator prior to the execution j
of this will. Each of the sgid sheets .
has been signed by the testator. The j .
said will is signed, sealed, published (
and declared by Andrew Carnegie, ; -.
the testator, as and for his last will j
arid testament in the sight and pres- j
ence of us, who in each other's sight ;
and presence, and in the presence of :
the testator, and at his request, have-
hereunto subscribed our names as
witnesses thereto this thirteenth day j
of February, 1912.
The blank spaces left in paragraphs;,
fourth and fifth for the insertion of
the total number of legatees and of. ;
the total number of annuitants, re- |
spectively, have been- left unfilled; j
and therefore the phrases “ number j
of legatees ” and “ number of an- \,
nultants ” in this attestation clause [
have been stricken out.
Elihu Root, Jr., lawyer, 31 Nassau
Street, residing at 63 East Seventy- ;...
fourth Street, New Yrirk City. I
Grenville CUyTk, lawyer, 31 ■ Nassau §g|
Street, resitting at 500 Madison Ave-.-M
nue, New York City. 19
Francis W. Bird, lawyer, 641 Wash- ;;
ington Street, residing at 101 East » <
Seventieth Street. New York City. I
The Codicil.
I, Andrew Carnegie, of the city of;
New York, do hereby make, publish,;
and declare this codicil to he my last],
will and testament heretofore exe- j •.
cuted by me and bearing date the|
13 th day of February, 1912.
One.—Having by the Second Article j
of my said will given and devised all | :
my real estate and certain personal,
property to my beloved wife, Louise
Whitfield Carnegie,., I now make the
following provision': If my said wife
shall not survive- me then I give and
devise to my beloved daughter Mar-,
garet all {Re real estate of which I die
seized or possessed, to have and to hold.Sn
to her, her heirs and assigns, for her i
and their own use and benefit forever, I
together with all books, pictures,;■ v
works of art, household furniture, .
horses, carriages, motor cars, and
other contents of the dwelling houses,;
stables, garages, and other buildings;
appurtenant to dwelling houses now or ;
hereafter during my lifetime used or
maintained by me. I.
Two.— Having made and executed my
said will in duplicate and having when \
writing the list of annuitants given an •
annuity of $5,000 to Join A. Poynton, 1
my secretary, in one duplicate original
of the said will, and having given an
annuity of $5,000 to Alexander King,
or his wife succeeding him, in one
duplicate original of the said will, and
having given an annuity of $5,000 to
George King, or his wife succeeding
him, in one duplicate original of the
said will, and having omitted, the three
said annuities from the other duplicate
original of the said will. I direct that
the three said annuities shall take
effect as though they had been in¬
serted , in both duplicate originals of
the said will. . .. .
Except as above modified by this
codicil, I hereby ratify and confirm
my said will. .
In witness whereof I have hereunto
set my hand and seal this 31st day ,
of March, 1919. ,
ANDREW CARNEGIE (Seal). ;
Signed, sealed, published and de- ;
clared by Andrew Carnegie, the testa- i
tor above named, as and for a codicil i
to his Last Will and Testament, in J
our presence, who at his request and
in his presence, and in the presence
of each other, have hereunto sub- ;
scribed our names as witnesses this j
' 31st day of March, 1919.
Elihu Root, Jr., lawyer, residing !
at 1,155 Park Avenue, New York;
City.
Silas W. Howland, lawyer, residing 1
at Rye, N. ,Y.
Clinton Combes, lawyer, residing at :
Garden City, N. Y. |
CARNEGIE’S ESTATE,
AT TIME OF DEATH,
ABOUT $30,000,000
Will, Probated Yesterday, Dis¬
tributes $10,000,000 to Friends
and Philanthropies
RESIDUE TO PUBLIC USE
Wife and Daughter Provided
For Long Before Last Tes¬
tament Was Made.
GRANTS MANY ANNUITIES
Total of Philanthropic Gifts, Includ-
ing Bequests, Estimated
at $371,065,653.
j Carnegie’s Annuities
to Public 'Persons
\ Ex-President Taft.$10,000 a year
j Hon. John Burns.'. 5,000 ax^ar
I Viscount Morley. 10,000 a year 1
J Mrs. Preston, widow of
Grover Cleveland - 5,000 a year
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt 5,000 a year
\ David Lloyd George- 10,000 a year
Thomas Burt, M. P. 5,000 a year
John Wilson, M. P...A 5,000 a year
Walter Damrosch .... . . 3,000 a year
The will of Andrew Carnegie, filed
here yesterday , and admitted to probate
ltnmeaiaiely by f'u,s4,.w Fowler, dis-
I poses of an estate estimated at be¬
tween $25;000,000 and $30,000,000. The
residuary estate of about $20,000,000 goes
to the Carnegie Corporation.: Direct
public bequests of $960,000 are left to
institutions, and annuities which will
take $268,000 a year go to friends, asso¬
ciates, relatives, arid persons of public
prominence. ..
Mrs. Carnegie receives all her hus¬
bands real estate with his personal ef¬
fects of every kind, believed to be worth
between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000. In
explaining why he made tio further pro?
vision for his wife, Mrs. Louise Whit¬
field Carnegie, and no bequest to his
daughter, Margaret, now Mrs. Roswell
Miller, the, testator said :
| “ Having years ago made provision
i for my wife beyond her desires and
I ample to enable her to provide for our
I beloved daughter, Margaret; and being
; unable to Judge at present what pro-
I vision for our daughter will best pro-
i mote her -happiness, I leave to her
I mother the duty of providing for her as
her mother deems best. .A mother’s love
will be the best guide.”
I \ The public bequests were $300,000 to
| Hampton Institute, $200,000 each to
j Pittsburgh University and the Relief
| Fund of the Authors' Club of New York;
! $100,000 to Stevens Institute “to im¬
prove my original gift,” $100,000 to St.
I Andrew’s Society, in addition to a life-
I time gift of $100,000, and $60,000 to
j Cooper Union, making his total of giftlT
| to that institution $750,‘000. '
Annuities.,to well known persons in¬
clude.“he ; blowing: William H. Taft,
$10,t,'.‘ ; John Burns, $5,000; Mrs.
Gro\ . ■■ land, now Mrs. Thomas J.
Pre; 00; Mrs. Theodore Roose-
; vel" , , David Lloyd George, Brit¬
ish' Aster, $10,000; John Mor¬
ley, .j/c.. ... id,” $10,000; Walter
| Damrosch, te personally the;
J fourth a: •icles of the will, and!
! the remaAAfUf 'be will and all of thei
codicil :wat> / ' -d by Mr. Root. Mr, j
Carnegie «g. * t sions equal to half aj
year’s sala. ,o -drge Irvine, who re¬
signed as butier ai ler twenty-five years’ j
“ faithful 'iservice,’’ and to Mrs. Nicol,
■ housekeeper for twenty-seven years
when trie will was made In 1912. A sim- !
j ilar pension went to Nannie'Lockerbie, I
“ our nurse,” and Maggie Anderson,!
our “ oldest servant.” All household
servants employed fifteen years or morel
got $2,000 outright, those employed eight)
years or more $1,200, and all others
more than four years $600.
\ Mr. Carnegie gave to all heads of de¬
partments at Skibo, including gamfekeep-
er, forester, chauffeur, yacht Qaptain,
j Superintendent of golf course, piper*;
j gardener, &c., $2,000 for each employed
j more than fifteen years; $1,500-to those!
j ten years /or more, and $1,000 if less,
j Each laborer employed more than five
! years gets $100 and those two years o)
more receive $50. Two years’ rent is to
j be remitted to each “ crofter,” or ten!
! ant farmer, “ who is in good standing
i among his neighbors.” Concerning then!
Mr. Carnegie said: -
“ We are blessed with fine people upo^
Skibo estate, and our factor is directed
to grant a third year’s rent to th«j
crofters provided it is spent upon their
homes to their improvement to the sat¬
isfaction of the factor.” Concerning!
two tenants who had removed elsewhere)
and owed Mr. Carnegie he gave credit;
, for $1,000 upon their debt, “ with my!
congratulations upon their success as!
farmers.” ■
Total Benefactions $371,065,653.
1 Mr. Carnegie's bequest of the residue;
;of about $2(>,000,0'00 to the Carnegie]
j Foundation, makes his total bequests to
J that corporation $145,000,000, and his!
. total public benefactions of every kind!
$371,065,653. The corporation wa"s in-;
- corporated -by special act of the New
York State Legislature in 1911 to “ re-i
ceive and maintain a fund and apply]
the income to promote the advancement]
and diffusion of knowledge among the]
people of the United States by aiding
- ■ technical schools, institutions of higl
learning, libraries, scientific researches;
hero funds, useful publications, and bj
I such other agencies and means as shal
from time to time be found appropriate.’
The broad powers of the corporatioi
permit it to aid any of the specific in
stitutions created by Mr. Carnegie ti
distribute his bounty. He provides h
his will that if any qf his bequests prow
ineffectual for any reason they are tc
go to Mrs. Carnegie. Concerning' thi;
provision Mr. Carnegie said:
ii “I have entire confidence that it wil
be the wish of my said wife to carry ou=
S as far as practicable my intentions Witt
I regard thereto, but this in no wise af
j fects the absolute quality of my gift tc
her.”
In case the Home Trust Company o;
Hoboken is unable to act, Robert A
Franks is made executor and trustee
and if he is unable to dp so the Presi¬
dent of the trust company shall act
The executor is to receive $100,000 foi
such services.
Because the public bequests are not
taxable, the State of New York will
collect inheritance tax! on less than $10,?-<
000,000.
! FRIEND SAYS CARNEGIE
DiD NO T ‘MEMSG RACED ’;
Secretary of the Corporation Ex- \
plains Historic Phrase as
• to v/«dtk>
Close friends and business associates ;
of Andrew Carnegie were not surprised
either at the amount of his fortune
which remained, as disclosed by his will
probated yesterday, nor at the manner
he chose for its final disposition. They
were quick to realize that in all prob¬
ability there would be those who, in j
view of the $25,000,000 or $30,000,000 :
estimated total, would insist that the
ironmaster, to use his own historic j
phrase, had “ died disgraced.”
But James Bertram, Secretary of the
Carnegie Corporation of New York andi
for many years Mr. Carnegie’s private
Secretary, drew attention to Carnegie;
having written in 1898 not “ a man who
dies rich dies disgraced,” but “a man)
who dies thus rich, dies disgraced,” the]
whole paragraph having rea’d:
“ The day is not far distant when the
man who dies leaving behind him mil¬
lions of available wealth, which were :
free for him to administer during life, ;
will pass away 1 unwept, unhonored,
and unsung,' no matter to what use he !
leaves the dross which he cannot take i
j with hirh. Of such as these the public !
! verdict will be, ‘ The man who dies
thus rich dies disgraced.’ ”
K “It is well this paragraph should be
understood,” Mr. Bertram said, “ in or¬
der that an incorrect recollection of its j
text should not lead careless persons to |
turn Mr. Carnegie’s words against him.” j
Not Surprised by Annuities.
Mr. Bertram, who was associated with
Mr. Carnegie for twenty-two years, said
he had no intimation of the $10,000 an¬
nuity which he receives under the will,
but neither he nor others who learned
yesterday of their good fortune were '
surprised at the final evidence of loyal¬
ty on the part of one so* many of his i
.Associates regarded as a friend. Mr.
Re, u said that neither he nor Robert
A. - - a nks, treasurer of the corpora- ;
tion, both of whom are life trustees of :
that organization, would relinquish their 1
wdrk with the parent benevolent insti¬
tution. While he was not definitely ad¬
vised, he felt confident that others con¬
nected, with the corporation who bene¬
fited under the will likewise would re¬
main identified with it and carry on
their work. v
The corporation has $125,000,000,
turned over to it by its founder, the
income of which it disburses both among
Carnegie enterprises and outside wel¬
fare or educational organizations which!
it finds worthy. To this will be added,
pnee the annuities nave run their course,
practically all the principal of what
fortune remained after Mr. Carnegie
had dispersed some $350,000,000.
A question which interested those who i
studied the wf$r yesterday was the
amount of the settlements made upon.
Mrs. Carnegie during her husband’s
lifetime. To family affairs of this sort
Mr. Carnegie gave his own personal at¬
tention, said those iong familiar with
his operations. The bequest to her. how¬
ever, of the real estate, household ;
goods and , art objects accumulated by
Mi. Carnegie during his ''lifetime, made,
it a foregone conclusion In the opinion
of those competent to judge, that Mrs.
Carnegie must be possessed at least of ;
the income from several milliqns, since
it Appeared she was expected to bo able
to maintain her late husband’s elaborate
and- costly establishments. _ That she
would dissipate, even in part, the Car¬
negie art collections was considered
most unlikely in informed quarters.
Much interest was aroused by the an¬
nuities left to ex-President Taft and to
the widows of ex-Presidents Cleveland
and Roosevelt. 1 wag recalled, how¬
ever, that for many years Mr. Carnegie
had agitated for Congressional pensions
for ex-Presidents and their families, be¬
lieving- that those who had served the
nation in Its highest office should not
be left to the hazards of ordinary busi¬
ness or professional careers, once they
were back in private life. In Novem¬
ber, 1912, Mr. Carnegie announced for¬
mally that he had determined that he
would pay a .$25,000 annuity to each 'fu¬
ture ex-President.•' Mr. Taft’s term
then was soon to expire, and he was to
have been the first beneficiary. The
offer aroused widespread comment and
discussion, particularly as the use of
the phrase “ future ex-Presidunt ” was
taken as definitely and explicitly ex¬
cluding the late Colonel Roosevelt, who
at the time was the only living ex-
President. Mr. Taft, while officially
silent as to the offer, was represented
by Washington correspondents as
frowning upon the plan, and Colonel
Roosevelt was quoted as saying a few
days later that while his exclusion un¬
der its terms left him not directly in¬
terested he felt that public concern was
for the pensioning of small Government
employes and widows rather than of
former Presidents or their families..
Whether Mr. Carnegie had made any
effort to discover whether these par¬
ticular annuities would be acceptable
was not learned.
Felt Public Mew Were Ill Paid.
Not only these bequests but many
others, notably those to Mr. Lloyd George
and other public men in England, were
interpreted by Mr. Carnegie’s old associ¬
ates yesterday as merely expressive of
his lifelong belief that public men gen¬
erally were ill rewarded and that they
should fare better at the hands of the
States they had served. There was lit-
| tie doubt that one of his Objects in pro-
i viding for a few such was to draw
| attention to the need of countless others
5 similarly ill-rewa.rded in his judgment
: and so numerous that he must, have
i regarded making provision for them as
I beyond the scope of any one private-
fortune.
! There was little comment on the ab-
I sence from the will of all religious be¬
quests. Mr. Carnegie had followed a
similar policy in his pensions for teach¬
ers, having specifically exempted theo¬
logical' Institutions from such benefac¬
tions, and the strained relations between
himself and the clergy had been more
than once Illustrated, as, for example,
tvhe'n the College of Bishops of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in
1913 vetoed his million dollar endow¬
ment for the medical department of
Vanderbilt University', though the chan¬
cellor and trustees accepted the gift.
There were few surprises among the
outright, bequests or the annuities.
Those to relatives• Were expected'froth
one who, at least *so far as generally-'
was known, always maintained friendly
Intercourse with hi3 relations, both in
this country and in his Scotch birth¬
place. Those to institutions were not
notably large for a man who had do-
j voted a fair lifetime ter generous giving, I
' and practically all, if not every one, of
| the institutions bentfited had been re-'
! cipients of the Carnegie bounty in the )
‘ past.. ' , -- s
l Of the individuals remembered outside!
of one or two public men all were either
close friend3 of Mr. Carnegie’s late
years or of his early business life, or
else men and women who had rendered
faithful services In one or another* of
the benevolent—he was most Insistent
that they never should be called philan¬
thropic-enterprises which Mr. Carnegie
either established, or helped to support.
Alexander King* now dead, was one of
i the pioneer thread men of Paisley, Scot¬
land, familiar to an earlier generation
j and to present lovers of antiquities for
j its shawls. Mr. Carnegie’s father was]
himself a pioneer at Scottish looms,!
! George King was another associate of
| early days. At present he Is an official!
I of the American Thread Company. S.;
H. Church of Pittsburgh is an official]
of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and suc¬
ceeded the late William N. Frew as
President of the Carnegie Institute. Mr.
Frew was mentioned in the will for aj
$5,000 annuity. W. J. Holland is author
of the butterfly books which attracted!
attention some years ago, and is Direct
,tor of the Carnegie Museum in Pitts¬
burgh. ]
Pittsburgh Friends Remembered. (
Arthur T. Hammerschlag formerly was
connected with trade education In this
city, and now M Director of . the Car-!
negie Institute of Technology In Pitts-j
burgh. Miss West is. dean of the wo¬
men’s department of that same institute
called; after Mr. Carnegie’s mother, the!
Margaret Morrison Carnegie School]
Mrs. D. A. Stewart is the wife of one!
of kfr. Carnegie’s early business asso¬
ciates, and Douglas Stewart is her son;
employed in the Carnegie Museum. John
W. Beatty is Director of the art depart-!
ment of the museum. F, M. Wilmolj
has been manager of the Carnegie Here
Fund since Its beginning.
William B. Tuttle Is a former secre¬
tary of the Oratorio Society. Dr. Jo-i
seph Garmany, a native of Savannah]
Ga., has practiced medicine In New,
York for many years an,, was the tes^
tator’s personal physician for a general
tion. Dr. Margaret B. Wilson Is pro-!
fessor of physiology and hygiene in thd
New York Normal College and is a na-j
tive of Mr. Carnegie’s birthplace, Dun-!
fernjllne. Scotland. George W. Cable of
£.. ... h ) _V- * •
Northampton, Mass., Is author ai
I “ Creole Days ” and other books nra
was long a personal friend. Robert S. j
j Woodward is President of the Carnegie!
! Institute for Research at Washington.
Henry S. Pritchett is President of the
Carnegie Found-; tion for the Advance¬
ment of Teachi/Tg. Homer D. Bates was
a pioneer telegrapher with Mr. Carnegie
in civil war days and was associated
with- the Ironmaster in the Veteran
Telegraphers’ organization. Robert .A.
Franks served Mr. Carnegie for more
than twenty-five years, having been
both his personal treasurer and treas¬
urer of the -corporation. ,
St. Andrew’s Society, which receives]
another $100,000, Is a Scottish benev-
olent institution of which Mr. Carnegie ]
was President for many years.
The “ Crofter tenants” to whom the
will refers are small Scottish farmers!
who under the laws of the country!
j practically can not be’ dispossessed be- i
cause of their long tenure.
At the offices of the Carnegie Cor¬
poration it was said yesterday that!
probably nothing would be done, toward i
filling the office of President made ]
vacant by Mr. Carnegie’s death before .
the November annual meeting, and that;
the founder’s death would cause noi
change in the conduct of the organiza-;
tion, for the perpetuation of which Mr.
Carnegie had made every provision.
AUG 29’19
MR. CARNEGIE’S WILL.
Andrew Carnegie gave away more
than $350,000,000 for’ educational,
j philanthropic, and eleemosynary ob¬
jects in his life. At his death he left
from $25,000,000 to $30 ( 000 M 000. Virtu-
i ally he gave away all bpt. a small
; portion of his enormous fortune. His
! will is an interesting and character-
I istic document. He had provided for
| his family'in hL lifetime. His will
j is substantially a series of bequests to
institutions, such as the Hampton In-
I stitute, the Stevens Institute, , the
Cooper Union;' to various old. friends, :
[ distinguished and undistinguished. IJ|,
remembers his old butler and house-
I keeper, and ‘‘ Nannie Lockerbie our
nurse,” and ” Maggie Anderson our
old servant,” the household servants,
the piper, and other functionaries at !
Skibo. The Skibo laborers who had j
worked for him two years were not
! forgotten. Kent is remitted to his ;
| crofters, at least to such of them as j
have a good name among their people, i
Written in his' own hand, without ;
J punctuation, in this part of the will ] ]
; we seem to hear -Mr. Carnegie talk-
] ing, after a retrospect and kind
j thoughts of many friends, humble and
illustrious. " We are blessed with 1
j fine people on the Skibo Estate.” In
this the dead man seems alive and
speaking to us.
The surviving estate is charged ,with j
a long series of annuities, some to i
relatives, more to friends, some of
them friends of many years. The an¬
nuities to the former Mrs. Cleveland,
• to Mrs. Roosevelt/ and to Mr. Taft
| may be regarded as a. means of : call-
! ing popular attention to the propriety,'
in Mr, Carnegie’s opinion, of provid¬
ing' sufficient pensions for Presidents .
when they leave office. They also ex-
press by implication Mr. Carnegie’s
I admiration for three, statesmen of
| high character and achievement, dif¬
fering remarkably in their character¬
istics from one another. Mr. Carnegie
was catholic in his admirations and his "i
friendships. j
The annuity of $10,000 to ‘‘ John
jM orley London (Lifelong friend) ” is
| unconsciously a tribute to the testator
as well as to the annuitant. The
friendship of a man like John Morley,
a sagacious, thoughtful, and highly
accomplished 1 man, is not lightly
given. John Burns, who has come up
from the ranks, a sincere and genuine
labor statesman, not of the contempo¬
rary Labor Party sort, is remembered
With an annuity of $5,000. Mr. Lloyd
George's annuity of $10,000 will prob¬
ably produce more sensation and sur¬
prise in England than here. This
/cobbler’s ward of genius will not al¬
ways have an official salary to live
an. He has been long divorced from,,
practice as a solicitor, Mr. Carnegie's
bequest insures him a modest inde¬
pendence, which may be of great lielp
to him in. not distant political strug¬
gles which are likely to call for the'
(use of all his powers of mind and
character. This bequest, too; is more
than a bequest. It is a judgment and
an approval.
Mr. Carnegie was a, salient and
{original character, full of life; and
Isuch he' shows himself, even in. his
| Will.
*
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 14-16 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
AUG 12’19
Carnegie, 83,
Dies at Home
In Berkshires
Broken in Health and
Saddened by War, Iron
Master Suddenly Suc¬
cumbs to Pneumonia
Tarrytown Will
Be Resting Place
Had Given Away, Since
He Began His Benefac¬
tions, $350,695,653
. - |
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 11.—In his greatj
mansion overlooking a lake in the
beautiful Berkshire Hills, where he
sought seclusion when bodily infirm¬
ity overtook him and his mind was#
saddened by the entrance of his coun-j
try into the world war, Andrew Car¬
negie, ironmaster and philanthropist]
died peacefully to-day. He was in his
eighty-fourth year.
Although he had been in feeble!
health for more than two years, his!
final illness was brief—a matter of i
days. A severe cold developed quickly!
into bronchial pneumonia, the aged j
patient lapsed into unconsciousness
and the end came as though it were j
but the beginning of a deeper sleep.
Simple Funeral Planned
No ostentation will mark the funeral
of the man who, when he began eighteen j
years ago to give away his millions, was j
rated as having the second largest pri-|
vate fortune in America. A simple ser¬
vice, attended only by members of his
family and his household, will be held at
, the home, Shadow Brook.
It was said unofficially late to-night
that the Rev. Benson N. Wyman, pastor
: of the Lenox Congregational Church,
land the Rev. Dr. William P. Merrill,
j pastor of the Brick Presbyterian
Church, of New York, would officiate
i at the funeral, to be held on Thursday,
land that the body would be taken to
j Tarrytown, N. Y., for burial,
i Mrs. Carnegie was at her husband’s
I bedside in the last hours of his life, but
j he did not revive sufficiently to permit
jof any sign of recognition. Their
daughter Margaret, who last April mar¬
ried Ensign Roswell Miller, of New
lYork, was notified that it was apparent
that the illness would be fatal, and she
arrived from her home at Millbrook,
N. Y., a few minutes after her father
had died.
Grief Overcomes Widow
I The widow of the “Laird of Skibo,”j
| although overcome with grief at the sud- j
den death of her husband, bore the shock
bravely. Her physician said to-night j
that she had recovered sufficient strength j
to make it possible for her to go through)
the ordeal of the private funeral service..
She was not equal, however, to the task
of directing final arrangements for the
service and burial.
A mass of telephone and telegraph
messages of condolence from persons
of prominence in all parts of the coun¬
try had accumulated at Shadow Brook
to-night. Until Mrs. Carnegie is able
to read these to-morrow the names of j
the signers Will not be made public. I
Dr. Brace W. Paddock, of Pittsfield,
who attended Mr. Carnegie in his last
illness and had visited him frequently
throughout the summer, said to-night
that the patient was in a very feeble
state when he returned to his summer
home in the spring.
Shows Temporary Rally
At that time it was evident to his
intimates that the once great industrial
leader was a broken man and that any
slight indisposition might have a fatal
termination,. Hoover, the air of the
Berkshires and the seclusion afforded
in his beautiful estate appeared to have
a beneficial effect upon him and he ex¬
hibited occasional flashes of the old
exuberance that had made him a
cheerful companion for so many years.
At times his spirit outran his
strength, and it,was necessary for those
responsible for his care to restrain
him. He was eager to motor on pleas¬
ant days and to fish in Lake Mahkeenac
when the weather was of the fishing
variety. At such times he sought per¬
mission from his physician with a per¬
suasiveness that was hard to deny.
Cold Turns Into Pneumonia
Mr. Carnegie proved an easy prey'to
a cold contracted last Thursday, and
after a futile attempt to. shake it off
he took to his bed the following day.
Saturday bronchial pneumonia devel¬
oped rapidly despite the most thor¬
ough efforts to stay it. Late. Sunday
night the aged man lapsed into uncon¬
sciousness, remaining so until the end,
at 10 minutes after 7 o’clock this morn¬
ing.
Archibald Barrow, secretary to Mrs.
Carnegie, left for New York to-night.
It was understood that he would look
after arrangements for the removal of
Mr. Carnegie’s body.
The sum of Mr. Carnegie’s
tions was estimated to-day
695,658.
Carnegie Began Life
At $1.20 Weekly Wage
ANDREW CARNEGIE was born at :
Dumfermline, Scotland, November
25, 1835.
At the age of eleven he came to
| this country with his parents on $50
borrowed from an uncle, George
Lauder.
The family settled at Allegheny ;
City, Penn., in 1848, where Andrew
went to work as bobbin boy at $1.20 ;
a week.
His next job was telegraph oper¬
ator at $25 a month.
In the Civil War he worked in the
telegraph branch of the service and
devised a cipher system for the Union
| forces.
Soon after the war he aided T. T.
Woodruff in the development of the
first sleeping car and realized $10,000
when the Pullman Company bought
the rights.
Made his first $1,000,000 in oil
lands which he bought with borrowed
capital.
In 1867 formed the Keystone Bridge
Company, which built the first iron
bridge ^in the country over the Ohio
■ River.
Brought the Bessemer steel process
to this country, and became owner of !
'the Homestead Mills in Pittsburgh.
In 1888 he and his associates owned
the seven great steel mills in and
around Pittsburgh.
In 1901 the Carnegie Steel Com- !
pany was merged into the United
States Steel Corporation and Mr. Car¬
negie retired from business with !
—
ABC 12 ’19
Carnegie Rose From Penniless Boy to
One of Richest Men in the World
Life Story of Scotch Boy j
/ Who. Amassed One of !
Largest Estates in the
World Beads Like Fiction |
Gave Away Many'Millions
Fi^al Years Spent in Spread- |
j ing Education Through |
Libraries; Heroism Was.
Rewarded
Andrew Carnegie, the outstanding
figure of nineteenth century in- .
dustrialismj will go down through the
ages as the very personification of
“Triumphant Democracy.”
' Overcoming almost Insuperable ob¬
stacles by his unusual ,em jy and -
, sheer tenacity of purpose, Andrew
| Carnegie rose from a humble mes-
;! senger hoy to wealth beyond the j
j dreams of avarice. He rose from
obscurity to a unique position in the !
I World..
: . Yet despite the tremendous effort
1 put into everything he undertook,!
\ Anidrew. Carnegie’s meteoric rise . was j
due entirely to the opportunity offered;
to all.in a land of freedom and oft
free speech. This fact , he emphasized I
in all his writings, and in all his
Speeches. Moreover it had a profound
j effect upon the course he adopted for
! the administration of his vast forture
' for the development of mankind, and
the. furtherance of science.
Fathered World Peace Plan
From the very first he looked upon
his fortune as a great trust bestowed
upon him for the betterment of man
kind.' With this point in view he set •
hiihSelfthe task of administering it for
the development of education, art and
. science.
j One of his most recent gifts in the
latter realm was the establishment of
Mount Wilson Observatory, built for
the special purpose of studying the
sun. This remarkable observatory is
just about to begin work of adding to i
the store of human knowledge.
! Andrew Carnegie was born in Dun- ;
fermline, the parliamentary burgh of
Fifeshire, Scotland, on November 125,
1837. His birthplace was a one-story
structure in Meodie Street,: just back
of some gas works. At the time he
came into the world the town of Dun- j
fermline was noted for its extensive j
weaving industry. ,
The boy’s father, Williarfi Carnegie,
was one of the leading weavers of Dun¬
fermline and was considered well to do, j
as he owned four damask looms and |
employed several apprentices. Econ-
omy was the watchword of the house-
. j hold, however, and in order 'to insure I
j the family against future reverses the j
i mother worked at the looms from early }
| morning until late at night.
| Father Meets Reverses.
1 When Andrew was eleven years old
a dire destroyer of the family pros¬
perity came in the shape of the dis-
>■ covery of the uses of steam. The hand
j weavers of Dunfermline saw large fac-
tories spring' 1 up in which this new 1
j power was installed, and found that
j they must abandon the occupation ,
which their fathers and their fathers’
fathers 1 had followed. Upon none of
them did the blow fdll more heavily
than upon William Carnegie. He was
forced to dispose of his looms at a low
i figure. His savings rapidly vanished
and the spectre of poverty was installed j
in the home.
| Andrew Carnegie in later life, paid
glowing tribute to the worth of his
■ mother. It was she who, upon return-
; ing tired! and worn from her toil at the
looms, yet found time to instrpet
young Andrew. To her he owed what
little education he received in those
days, and he never forgot his debt. In
this connection he once said: “I have
never known my mother to be wrong in
anything. So long as she lived I never
hesitated to obtain her opinion on any
question and to follow it absolutely.”
At this crisis in the family fortunes
the mother exhibited wonderful cour¬
tage and foresight. She; summoned a |
family council and brought hope to her
despairing husb.and by proposing emi¬
gration' to Amefica., Having insuffi- ;
cient funds to make the journey, she j
appealed to her brother, who was a
familiar character in that part of Scot¬
land. He was called “Candy Rock and
Vfhitenirf’ Geordie Lauder” because he !
peddled rock candy through the streets
for the children, and also sold stove
whitening to the hopsetvives. The. oed-
ler willingly gave his sister £10.
In 1848 the Carnegie family, consist¬
ing of the father and mother, Andrew !
and his brother William, set sail.
Seven weeks after they embarked the
Carnegies sailed into New York Har¬
bor, and a day or so after their arrival
left here for Allegheny City, where i
relatives had already settled.
Bobbin Boy.
The first money Andrew Carnegie
earned was to him the greatest prize
of his life. Not 1 all the millions of
dollars he afterward amassed and be¬
stowed in libraries, books, paintings
and charity gave him so much pleasure
as the first $1.20 he took home for a
week’s work when twelve years old.
He lived with his parents in a little
dwelling in Rebecca Street, which
long since has disappeared. He had
secured a situation as a “bobbin boy”
in a cotton factory. Allegheny City, ;
before the Civil War, was one of the
greatest cotton manufacturing towns in
! the country. There were no eight-
hour workdays and Jialf-holidays on
Saturdays then. The working people,
labored from the earliest peep of dawn
until darkness prevented the further
use of the tallow dips which flickered
uncertainly about the machinery. Be- I
Me a “bobbin boy” was hard work. It j
kept young Andrew busily engaged,
and he had no time, for play or the
reading of books. He did not lil^e his
employment, but he kept his hardwork¬
ing father and mother from knowing !
his dissatisfaction.
For one year Andrew persevered !
| as a “bobbin boy.” In the winter i
mornings he had' to grope his way -
; about the streets going- to work, as
there Were no lights. The streets were i
: not paved and the cotton mills were '
dark and dingy. This ..experience' j
brought him face to. face with the ;
hardships of child labor and-undoubt-
edly influenced him in. later life to j
start economic reforms and educa- «
tional enterprises. Hard as this work [
was, however, young Carnegie left it
to take up even more strenuous labor
i in the cotton factory of John Hay, a i
i distant relative. His,new job consisted
of firing the boiler and subsequently j
of running the. steam engine which con¬
trolled the machinery.
Looked for Better Times,
j “I was young,” he added, “and had
! my dreams, and something within al-
j ways told me that this would not last I
| and that I should soon be in a better i
position.” .
; Carnegie’s next job, that of telegraph !
boy, was secured, it ig said, through his !
1 father's for checkers. The father ti
had become a moulder in pottery, and ;
frequently visited a club where checker :
players gathered. Young Andrew at
times accompanied him. and on one oc-.',
casion met there a Mr. Brooks, who was;
manager of a telegraph office. . The !
elder Carnegie tcld Brooks he didn’t!)
know what to do with his boy. ; .
“Send him to my office/’ said the latter,
“and I will make a messenger of him.”,;
Mr. Carnegie,once described this new
job as “a transference from darkness,
to light.” “My only dread,” he contin-j
ued, “was that I should some day 'be 1
dismissed because I didn’t kriow the!
city, I knew that a messenger boy !
ought to know all the firms and ad¬
dresses of men who were in the habit
of receiving telegrams. Hoivever, I
made up my mind that I would learn to
repeat successively each business hpuse
in the principal streets, and was soon
able to shut my eyes and begin at one ;
side of Wood Street and call every firm
in succession to the top, and then pass
to'the.other side and eall every firm to
the bottom.”
From messenger, boy he soon rose to !
the post of operator. When a messen-
ger he used to get to the office earlier j
than necessary in order to study the!;
instrument and alphabet. As operator ]j
he received Wliat to him then was the |!
enormous salary of $25 a month. He |
also did extra work in the •way of fur- j
nishing the telegraphic news to the
Pittsburgh newspapers. This increased
his income about $5 each month.
His First Investment.
With the completion of , the Penn¬
sylvania Railroad to Pittsburgh, Thom¬
as A. Scott was sent there as division
superintendent. His coming made a
decided change in the boy’s opportuni¬
ties, for Mr. Scott, attracted by the
lad’s energy, offered him the place of
operator in his office, at a monthly
salary of $35. Mr. Scott’s liking for
young Andrew finally led him to sug¬
gest that if he had $500 it might be i
well for him to invest it in Adams Ex- |
press Company .stock.
The father, meanwhile, had died, and
the ready money in the family at the
time this proposal came amounted to
considerably less than $600. Andrew,
however, as was his invariable custom, I
told his m.'.her what Mr„ .Scott had-
said, and she decided to : mortgage j
j their, little home. She took a. river 1
steamer to Ohio and secured the neces¬
sary cash from a brother. When the
first dividend came, in the shape of a
check for $10, the mother and son were
overwhelmed with joy. Mr. Carnegie’s !
career as a capitalist was launched, j
A short time after this first venture
I a Mr. Woodruff strolled into the rail¬
road office one day and drew from his
pocket a model for a sleeping car. The
value of the invention was immediately
recognized by the young operator, who
got together all the funds possible and
I joined Woodruff as a partner in de¬
veloping the new idea and putting it
on the market. The cars were tested
by the Pennsylvania and pronounced a
j success. According to • Mr. Carnegie,
the sleeping car ’ investment brought
him his first considerable return. The
i company later disposed of its homings
at a lax - ge. figure, and the enterprise be¬
came known under its present name—
the Pullman Company.
Devised New Cipher System.
When the Civil War broke out Mr.
Carnegie was assigned to duty in and
around Washington, being placed in
charge of the telegraphic service.
While at this work he helped devise
the war cipher system, which was later
adopted. In referring to this expe¬
rience he said that he was the third
man wounded in the war. He had been ;
sent, out to inspect the wires between I
Elbridge Junction and Washington, and
found that the Confederates had j
pinned several of them to the ground, j
In attempting to release them one wire
suddenly flew up and cut a frightful
gash in his face.
“Striking Oil.”
His next successful business venture
was the purchase with seven capital¬
ists of the Storey farm in Oil City,
Penn., where oil had been found the
year previous. This venture is re-.
: ferred to in Mr. Carnegie’s “Trium-
1 phant Democracy” as follows: “When
I 1 first visited this famous well the oil
; was running into the creek, where a
few fiat bottomed scows Jay filled with
it, ready to be floated down the Alle¬
gheny River upon an agreed-upon day
each week, when the creek was flooded
by means of a temporary dam. This i
was the beginning of the natural oil!
business. We purchased the. farm for
$40,000. Its value rose to $5 y 000,000; that
I is, the shares of the company sold in the i.
market upon this basis, and one year!
it paid in cash dividends $1,000,000—
rather a good return upon an invest-!
ment of $40,000.”
The Iron Master. j
Not satisfied with these enterprises,
Mr. Carnegie was always on the alert ;
for new ventures, and soon came , to
the conclusion that railroad bridges s
could be improved upon as well as
railroad cars. He believed the day of
wooden bridges had come and gone !
and that cast Iron would be the ma¬
terial employed in the future. He,;
gathered about him a number of rail¬
road men and organized the Keystone
Bridge* Company, and in order to give
it full attention he retired from the
railroad service. This was in 1867, and i
Mr. Carnegie had at last attained his
ambition—he was wording for himself,
had reached a point beyond the salary
Sphere. The first great bridge over i
‘ the Ohio, at Steubenville, with a 300-
foot span, was built by this company,;
j After a visit to Europe, where he saw 1
that iron rails were being discarded
And steel rails substituted, he started
' the Bessemer process in his mills at
Pittsburgh. Later he became the owner
| of the Homestead Steel Works, at
Oft
Pittsburgh, and in 1888 he owned, with
his associates, the seven great steel
works in or near Pittsburgh. These
seven mills, known throughout the
world as the Carnegie Steel Company
plant, included the Homestead, the
Edgar Thompson, the Duquesne Steel
Works and Furnaces, the Lucy Fur¬
naces, the Keystone Bridge Works, the
Upper Union Rolling Mills and the
Lower Union Rolling Mills and the
Frick Coke Company. An approximate
estimate of this plant put the output
at 190,000 tons of steel rails and
140,000 tons of pig iron a month.
Testifying before the Federal Com¬
mission on Industrial Relations, in
February, 1915, Mr. Carnegie gave in
his own words an interesting account
of the conduct of that vast business:
j “We had one rule: Come what may,
we would never think of running our
works with new men. Able, sober, well
behaved workmen such as ours were
are not to be picked up on the streets,
and we wished .no others. We were
very particular in regard to drinking; ,
first offence, men were excluded thirty
days; second offence, sixty days; third
offence, We parted company.
The Great Homestead Strike.
“We had only one serious disaster*
with labor; but that was terrible in¬
deed. I was coaching through the Scot¬
tish Highlands on my holiday and did.
not hear of the lamentable riot at
Homestead until days after it occurred.)
I wired at once that I would take the!
first steamer home, but was requested j
not to come.
“You might like to hear,” he contin- j
ued, “the following incident connected j
with the Homestead strike:
“The Governor of Pennsylvania, I un¬
derstood, wished certain of our workers
j arrested for riot and bound over for
j trial. Consequently, some of these dis-
I appeared, among them the Burgess of
! Homestead. Some time afterward my
j friend, Professor Van Dyke, of Rutgers
College, was ordered to California for
I his health. Upon hik return he told me
that he had met the ex-Burgess work-
1 ing as a laborer in a Mexican mine at
j Sonora. I asked him to offer McLuckie
I any help he might need, and upon his
j return to the West he did so.
“It was D—d White in Andy.”
“Meanwhile McLuckie had got a posi¬
tion with the Sonora Railway driving
wells, and was succeeding admirably.
The professor said: ‘You don’t know
whose money 1 was told to help you
with.’ He said that he had no idea;
‘Well, it was Mr. Carnegie’s.’ Then
came the slow, earnest response.. ‘That j
was damned white in Andy.’”
Mr. Carnegie said this proudly and!
his smile started a general laugh. j
“When I talked to the Homestead!
rollers upon my return I told them!
my partners had offered liberal terms
and I could not have offered more.
One roller said: ‘Oh, Mr. Carnegie, it
wasn’t a question of dollars! The boys
would have let you kick them and they
wouldn’t let another man stroke their
hair.’’’
In 1901 the Carnegie Steel Company
was merged into the United States
Steel Corporation, and in this year Mr.
Carnegie retired from business, with a
fortune of about $250,000,000.
The bonds of the United States Steel
Corporation which he held yielded a
‘gigantic income, of which he always
gave liberklly, and the fact that he
said “The man who dies rich dies dis¬
graced” showed that money was not
;ihc goal of his ambition. “That is the
gospel I preach,” he said, referring to
these words,' “that is the gospel I prac¬
tise, and that is the gospel I intend
to practice during what remains of
; my life.”
Despite his busy life* Mr. Carnegie
found time for literary work. His first
book, “Round the World,” was pub¬
lished in 1879. In this he gave an
account of his trip across the Pacific
Ocean to Japan, China and India, and
back home by way of the Suez Canal
and Europe. Several similar books fol¬
lowed, but his best known work is
‘Triumphant Democracy; or, fifty
Years’ March of the Republic.” This
book was widely read in America bnd
Europe, and excited much comment and
criticism. He treated of the progress
>f the American Republic largely as an
idvance in material prosperity, which
he- regarded as the surest test of the
validity of the claims of popular gov¬
ernment to superiority. Of this book
“The New York Nation” said: “There
is, perhaps, hardly a word which passes
the truth. It is only when it is placed
before ,us in this vivid Way that we
realize the stupendous development.”
“Triumphant Democracy” passed
through eight editions in England, and
has been translated into French, Ital¬
ian, Spanish, Dutch and Japanese.
In 1891 Mr. Carnegie contributed an
article to The Tribune entitled “How
Get Rich,” the main thesis of which
rc.
was that native ability and industry
are quite sufficient to insure prosperity
without the aid of a college education.
It was largely copied and quoted, with
the result that large numbers "of col-
| lege graduates attacked and criticised,’
it freely, but without refuting its main'
thesis. 1 Mr. Carnegie’s fourth book, 1
“Wealth,” was reprinted in England
under the title “The Gospel of Wealth.’’ !
Its principal contention is that ^‘sur-i
plus wealth is a sacred trust, Which its
possessor is hound to administer in his‘
lifetime for the good of the commu- j
nity from which it is derived,” and
that “the man who dies possessed of
millions of available wealth, which was j
free and his to administer during his 1
lifetime, dies disgraced.”
Mr. Carnegie’s attention was called j
to a paragraph in a London paper which j
referred to his famous declaration!
“that to die- rich is to die disgraced,”
and he was asked what he was going to
do with the fortune he had amassed.
“Tell that editor,” replied Mr. Car¬
negie, “tp watch and see. I hope I shall!
not justify the definition, sometimes!
deserved, of a philanthropist as a man 1
with a great deal of money but very!
little sense.”
“My first act u'pon retiring from busi¬
ness,” said M-jv Carnegie, in the testi-!
mony already quoted; in February, 1915,!
“was to give $5,000,000 to the workmen!
of the Carnegie Steel Company as a
parting gift, $4,000,000 for pensions to i
the men and $1,000,000 to maintain the!
libraries and halls I had built for them.
I was greatly pleased when later the ;
United States Steel Corporation saw fit (
to duplicate my gift, adding $4,000,000
more to the fund for pensions. I have
just read the report of this joint fund
with great satisfaction.
“The Hero Fund which I was privi
leged to found has always interested |
me most , deeply. 1
“I could not rest until 1 had founded
hero funds with a total capital of $11,-
790,000. The report of the annual
meeting, held at Pittsburgh on Jan¬
uary, 20, shows awards given to forty
herpes or their wives and families,
with a total of 1,027 awards since the
1 fund began operation. Every case is
most carefully investigated. We re¬
quire absolute certainty and proof
giyen by witnesses.
“The complete statement up to the!
close of last year shows that the total
of our foundations and gifts amounts
to $324,657,399.” «
Thought Library Best Gift
He once tqld why he considered a
library the best gift for a community, j
He said: “The result of my own study
of the question, ‘What is. the best gift
that can be given to a community ?’ is
that a free library occupies the first
place, provided the- community will ac¬
cept and maintain it as a public in¬
stitution, as much a part of the city !
property as its public schools, and, in¬
deed, an adjunct to these. When I was
a boy in Pittsburgh, Colonel Anderson,
of Allegheny, a man I can never men¬
tion without feelings of devotional
gratitude, opened his little library of
four hundred books to boys. Every
Saturday afternoon he was in attend¬
ance himself at his house to exchange
books. No one but ho who has felt it
can know the intense longing with
which Saturday was awaited, that a
new book might be had; It was when
revelling in these treasures that I re¬
solved, if ever wealth came to me, that
it should be used to establish free
libraries, that other poor boys might
receive opportunities similar to those
for which we were indebted to that
noble man.”
Third in his list came the founding
or extension of medical colleges, hos¬
pitals and other enterprises which had
to do with the alleviation of human 1
suffering, and which were more es- i
pecially concerned with the prevention j
rather than the cure of human ills.
His fourth idea was to establish pub- I
lie parks, but he did comparatively!
little along this line. Fifth came the !
opening of public halls and the sup-j
plying of them with organs. This plan 1
was another which he did not exten- 1
sively pursue. His sixth scheme was j
the starting of swimihing baths, and
his seventh the building of churches.
In the erection of churches Mr. Car¬
negie did almost nothing; eventually
taking the view that such gifts were of ■
benefit to special classes rather than
to-the community at large. But he
was always ready to pay half of the ;
cost of providing a church with an |
organ, and many a “kist o’ whustles”
has been purchased or built With hia
money.' . '
His Largest Benefactions.
His theory of giving; was to secure ®
promise from some other person or
body to make an equal gift. His, libra- j
vies were invariably given with the
understanding that the community to
which they were presented undertake j
to maintain them. An intimate friend j
| of Mr. Carnegie said the latter told
him on one occasion that he wished
I the epitaph on his tombstone to read:
'“He lies Andrew Carnegie, who mad®
other people give away more money
than he did himself.” The following is
a partial list* of Mr. Carnegie’s prin¬
cipal benefactions:
Libraries in the United States, $30,-
000,000; Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh,
$16,000,000; college professors’ pen¬
sions,. $15,000,000; Carnegie Institute,
Washington, $10,000,000; libraries in.
foreign countries, $10,000,000; Scotch
universities,' $10,000,000; hero fund,
$12,000,000; Carnegie Steel Company
employes, $5,000,000; Dunfermline en¬
dowment, $5,000,000; Polytechnic School!,
j Pittsburgh, $2,000,000; Peace Temple at
The Hague, $1,750,000; Allied Engineers’
societies, $1,500,000; Bureau of Amer- !
lean Republics Building, $750,000; total
of large gifts, $109,500,000; miscella¬
neous gifts in United States, $20,000,-
000; gifts to small colleges in United
States, $18,000,000; miscellaneous gifts
in Europe ,' $2,500,000. It was recently
reported on good authority that he had
given away all but about $2O,OO0,QOQ of
his vast fortune.
Mr. Carnegie, in his lectures and writ¬
ings, freely expressed his opinions on
the social, political and economic prob¬
lems of the day. He was an ardent ad¬
vocate of the world peace idea, and at
the National Arbitration and Peac®
Congress, held in Carnegie Hall in
April, 1907, he' strongly urged tha
League of Peace-plan and referred to
ex-President Roosevelt as the one best
adapted to bring it to consummation.
F6r International Police. "
In his remarks at this time he said
in part:
“We believe the psychological moment
approaches when a decided step for¬
ward can be made. Personally, I am a
convert to the league of |>eace idea, tho
formation of an international police,
never for aggression, always for pru- ,
tection to the peace of the, civilized
world. It requires only the agreement
of a sufficient number of nations to
establish this.' Since the civilized
world is now united by electric bonds
into one body, in constant and instant
communication, it is largely interde-
oendent and rapidly becoming more so.
War now involves the interests of all,
and therefore one nation has no longer
a right to break the peace Without ref¬
erence to others. Nations hereafter
should be asked to remember this and
not resort to war, but to settle their
disputes .peacefully.
The War of the Nations.
The war of the nations was a great
grief to Mr. Carnegie, and he expressed
the fervent wish that it might be made
the last that the 'World would - ever
suffer.
“I do not underestimate its horror,
but I hope and I believe that this very
horrible, newly barbaric excess will so
revolt human nature against all things
of the:'kind that the reaction Will • b®
great enough to carry us into the
realms of reason. And the realms of
reason are the, realms k of peace. Is it
not withi n the‘bounds‘-of the imagina¬
tion of mankind to wonder if this su¬
premely awful war may not have been
sent to us as a warning that a change
must come ?”
Mr._ Carnegie was a Republican in
American politics and usually support¬
ed the platform of that party. He was
strongly opposed to the annexation of
the Philippines, however, and also dif¬
fered from the views of Taft and
Roosevelt in their advocacy of the in¬
come tax. Instead of this method of
taxation he favored a heavy inheritance
tax, stating that when a man died leav¬
ing millions his heirs should be obliged
to turn over one-half to the state. In
his opinion the trusts ought to be
curbed, although he did not favor tqo
radical measures in carrying out th@
plan.
His Books Widely Read.
It is to his writings that one must
go in order fully to appreciate the wide
scope of Mr. Carnegie’s -views. His
earliest work, “An American . Four-in-
Hand in Britain,” which was published
in 1883, was in a light "vein, but near¬
ly all of his subseauent writings dealt
with! serious problems, and four of
them at least “Triumphant Democra- j
cy,” which appeared in 1886; “The Gos¬
pel of Wealth,” published in 1902; “The 1
Empire of Business,” published in 1902,
and “Problem's of To-day,” published
in. 1908 created' profound interest
throughout the world. Another pro¬
found work/was “The Life of Janies;
Watt,” published in 1906.
Mr. Carnegie received inany honors. !
Among them were his 'selection as;
Commander of the Legion of
Honor in France and as Lord Rector!
of St. Andrew’s University, the latter
Institution also bestowing upon him
the degree of LL. D. in 1905. He was;
honorary member of the American In¬
stitute of Architects and a member of
the executive committee of the Nation-
1
One of Many Monuments to Mr. Came gie’s Generosity
Home of the Peace Congress at The Hajwe^ior which the philanthropist gave $1,500,000,
al Civic Federation and of the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society.
Family and Home.
j J : In 1887 he married Louise Whitfield,
daughter of John and Frances Whit¬
field, of New York. One daughter was !
born to them, Margaret Carnegie,
Whose engagement to Ensign . Roswell
Miller, U. S. N., son of the late Ros¬
well Millar, president of the Chicago,
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, was
announced in November.
Mr. Carnegie had a beautiful home in
Scotland, which he bought several, years
ago for $1,000,000. Skibo Castle was
built by Gilbert Murray, Bishop of
Moray, in 1188. It was a famous fort¬
ress, and withstood no less than ten
sieges, 'The old castle is now an ivy-
covered, picturesque ruin, and stands
* about one-l’ourth of a mile from the
resent modern structure. The estate
as a sea frontage of twenty miles.
Here Mr. Carnegie spent a considerable
portion of the latter years of his life.
The Carnegie city house, at Fifth
Avenue and Ninetieth Street, is a beau¬
tiful structure but unlike the modern
j Fifth Avenue palace in so far that it is
i plain, and, despite its size and the im-
j posing wall which surrounds it, it is
■j unpretentious in style.
Mr. Carnegie's name was on the ros-
I ter of: a score or more clubs and so-
j eieties. Among them are the Lotos,
Union League., Authors', .Nineteenth
1 Century, Metropolitan Museum ,of Art,
American Institute of Mechanical Engi-
i neers, American Fine Arts Society, New
j York Genealogical and Biographical
| Society and the Chamber of Commerce.
| He was a small man physically—
about 5 feet 4 inches in height. He
weighed about 150 pounds. His hair and
beard in late life were quite white. He
, had small hand and feet, blue eyes, a
small, rather thick nose and a ,'3ter-
mined mouth. He spoke with a decided
! twang when animated or excited, and it
required no 'great discernment to see j
that he was a Scqtchman, He was not a
churchman in tlie usual sense, and some
people even went so far as to contend
he was an atheist. His favorite game j
was, checker's, although he was a good I
whist player.
His “Hall of Fame.”
Mr. Carnegie’s estimate jf his fellow
men was set forth a few years ago in
an address in the Young Men’s P ie
? Class of the Fifth Avenue Baptist
Church, when he named the twenty-one
men who since the Dark Ages had most
notably moved the world. The list'. as
as follows:
Arkwright, Sir Richard—Inventor of
the cotton spinning machine.
Bell, Dr. Alexander Graham—Inventor
of the' telephone.
Bessemer, Sir Henry—Inventor of the
steel process that bear® his name.
Burns, Robert—The Scotch poet,
Columbus, Christopher — The discov¬
erer.
Edison, Thomas Alva:—The electrician.
Franklin, Benjamiit—The electrical pio¬
neer.
Gutenberg, Johannes—The inventor of
the printing press.,
Hargreaves, James—Inventor of the
carding machine and the spinning
jenny.
Jenner, Dr. Edward—Discovered of
J smallpox vaccine.
Kay, John—Inventor of the fly-shuttle
and the card-making engine.
Lincoln, Abraham—Abolished slavery.
Morton, Dr. William Thomas Green—
. Discoverer of the anaesthetic proper¬
ties of ether.
Murdock,. William—Perfected coal gas'
for illuminating purposes.
Mushet, Robert—Inventions used in the,
j manufacture of steel.
Neilson, James Beaumont—The in¬
ventor of the hot blast used in the
manufacture of iron.
Shakespeare, William—Playwright.
Siemens, Sir William—Inventions used
in the manufacture of steel.
Stephenson, George—Founder of rail-
' ways. ,
Symington, William—Inventor of the
steamboat.
Watt, James— Development of the steam
engine.
Carnegie Praised
As a Man of Ideals
Best Friend a Man Ever
Had 9 Declares Schwab;
Donated-$350,000,000
Tributes to the genius of Andrew
Carnegie were paid: by many of tngg
country’s leading citizens yesterday^
Charles M. Schwab said: I I
‘The world has lost a great me, j | |
$350,695,653 Given Away by Carnegie
In 1901, at the age of sixty-five^ Andrew Carnegie, possessor of approxi¬
mately a quarter of a billion dollars, declared it was “disgraceful" for a
man to die rich. He said he'would spend the rest of his life trying to rid
himself of this disgrace.
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington
yesterday announced Mr. Carnegie had given away $350,695,653 up to June
1, 1918. The grand total of his benefactions will not be known for a few
days.
A complete list of his gifts follows:
Free public library buildings (2,811)... $60,364,808.75
Library buildings ... A.,.... 4,065,699.27
Other buildings .... 4,672,186.92
Endowment ........... 9,977,568.92
Other purposes .... 1,647,535.00
Church organs (7,689) ... 6,248,309.00
Carnegie Corporation of New York.... 125,000,000.00
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (in¬
cluding $11,000,000 to Teachers’ Insurance and Annuity
Association) ........ 29,250,000.00
Carnegie Institute (including $13,631,432.67 to Carnegie In¬
stitute of Technology) .... 26,719,380.67
Carnegie Institution of Washington..... 22,300,000.00 j
Carnegie Hero Funds ........ 10,540,000.00
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.. 10,000,000.00
Scotish Universities Trust ... 10,000,000.00
United Kingdom Trust........ 10,000,000.00
Steel workers’ pensions ....... 4,000,000.00
Dunfermline Trust......... 3,750,000.00 j
Church Peace Unior ...... 2,025,000.00
Hague Peace Palace ....... 1,500,000.00
Endowment for institutes at Braddock, Homestead and Du-
quesne .. 1,000,000.00
International Bureau of American Republics (Pan-American
Building) .. 850,000.00
Engineers’ Building ..... -500,000:00
King Edward’s Hospital Fund ... 500,000.00
Church Pension Fund .... 324,744.87
Simplified Spelling Board . 280,000.00
Central American Peace Palace (Court of Justice)........... 200,000.00 j
Study of Methods of Americanization...... 190,000.00
Koch Institute, Berlin .....120,000.00
New York Zoological Society.... 118,000.00
New York Association for the Blind...... 114,000.00 !
St. Andrew Society ....... 100,000.00 i
Iron and Steel Institute, London.... 89,000.00
Pittsburgh Kingley House Association.... 79,000.00
Northampton (Mass.) Home Culture Club.... 77,000.00
Foreign Students’ Friendly Relations Committee... 70,000.00
Sorbonne (Mme. Curie Fund)..... 50,000.00
Sects Charitable Society, Boston, Mass.......... 30,000.00
Red Cross ..»i..... 1,500,000.00
War benefactions:
Thirty-two cantonment library buildings.... 320,000.00
Knights of Columbus ..... 250,000.00
Young Men’s Christian Association....... 250,000.00
National Research Council ... 150,000.00
National Security League ..... 150,000.00
Young Women’s Christian Association... ,100,000.00 '
War Camp Community Recreation Service.. 50,000.00
National Board of Medical Examiners.... 22,500.00
Miscellaneous (Comprising National Civic Federation, Bureau i
I of Municipal Research, New York Anti-Saloon League,
Charity Organization Society, Oratoria Society, Boy
Scouts of America, Harwich Mine Distaster Relief Fund,
etc * .•••.•:..... 1,050,900.00
Grand total..........$350,696,653.40
: a great benefactor to humanity, and IJ
have lost a friend greater than whom j
no man ever had. He was my partner
< and associate for forty years. Mr. Car-
i negie possessed the faculty of inspir- |i
i irig others to unusual efforts in a [
greater measure than any man I ever i
knew, and he always won by expres-
j- sions of appreciation rather than by |
criticism.” j
James B. Clews, the banker, said:
“The death of Mr. Carnegie removes]
one of the greatest characters the world]
has ever known. In these days of labor
unrest his career offers a fitting ex¬
ample of what can be accomplished by
one commencing in the lowest station
of life when he possesses the neces¬
sary qualifications for rising and makes
the most of his opportunities. t
Gave Away $350,000,000
... “Perhaps no one ever will know the
total sum bestowed for benefactions,
but that they equally fully $350,000,000
! is generally recognized. Nor will it be
known until his will is filed what part
! of hi,st vast fortune remained at the
1 time of his death.’’
George W. Perkins, who is chairman
of the finance committee of the Car-
i negie Foundation, said:
“I am deeply grieved to hear of Mr|
Carnegie’s death. He was a very great
American, belonging to the class which
after the war of 1862 was quick to a-p-
; preciate that we had a united country
and a great opportunity. He grasped
the new machinery which inventors,
placed in our hands, and with them
threw all his great mental energy into
I developing our country.
“One of the last talks I had with
him was about profit sharing. He ex¬
pressed the opinion that the principle
of profit sharing was destined to be a
i great factor in solving existing prob-
| lema between capital and labor."
Thomas W. Lamont, of J. P. Morgan
& Go., said: “Mr. Carnegie had ex¬
traordinary qualities, which made him
a .notable figure on both sides of. the
Atlantic. He first achieved a great
success in industry, and then devoted
his fortune and his energy to the ’
causes of education and peace.”
No Effect on Foundation
Elihu Root, jr., son of the former
i Senator who was Mr. Carnegie’s coun¬
sel for years, said he did not think the
death of Mr. Carnegie would have any 1
effect on the future of the Carnegie
Foundation and other philanthropies.
He expressed his deep sorrow at the
1 passing of Mr. Carnegie.
BOSTON, Aug. 11.—Dr. Charles F.
Thwing, president of Western Reserve
; University, Cleveland, and secreary of
I the Carnegie Foundation for the Ad¬
vancement of Teaching, who was here j
to-day, said: j
! “Mr. Carnegie’s death is a personal loss j
to thousands. These thousands include |
his‘boys’who had been his associates in .
business and also the leaders in every
department of life in America and Eng - • j
land. Lord Morley and Sir Gilbert Par- j
ker were among his friends. His love j
for individuals was the expression of i
his love for all men. Out of this love !
. sprang his great benefactions. He died I
poor, as it is said he wished to die, J
in the sense that he had given away [
the larger part of his fortune. |
“He said to me after he retired from i
1 business that he could have kept on I
and still made money by the millions,
but he added, ‘Why not stop now?’ He !
had. the- greatness tp stop and to give. I
“One gTeat mark of his character I
; and career was his wisdffm in select¬
ing his associates. The remark which
he probably made, that he wished to
put on his tombstone the words: ‘Here
lies a man so wise that he surrounded j
himself with men wiser than himself,’
is characteristic,”
AUG 12 ’13
Andrew--Carnegie
Even "Wall Street will have forgotten,
and many of its present generation will
not have known, that Andrew Carnegie
was once the most formidable single
figure in the realm of American indus¬
try, Alone he could strike terror to
the heart of finance, and did.
That was when he set out to put
all the upstart steel and iron trusts
In their proper place. They had been
springing up lake green bay trees, and
Wall Street had been financing them and
selling their securities, and although
they were never so efficient in steel
making as Carnegie's own trust, they,
had an .important advantage, namely,
a kind of tacit alliance With the rail¬
roads, The same interests were power¬
ful both in these new steel trusts and
in the railways serving the steel in- j
dustry, and tMs was a situation fraught j
with danger for Carnegie.
So he resolved at one blow to make '
himself independent of other people’s
railroads and to show some of the new j
j trusts what Carnegie competition was j
really like when it meant blood. He I
| launched plans for a great new steel
plant on the Great Lakes, he guaranteed
the cost of extending the Gould railways
from Pittsburgh to the lakes in return i
for an exclusive tonnage aontract, and I
then he calmly proposed to huild a Car-
negie railroad from Pittsburgh to the
| Atlantic seaboard. -
When news of all this reached Wall
( Street there was an inside panic. The
1900 steel boom was at its peak; a lot
of securities remained to be “distrib¬
uted.”’ And her® was Carnegie gone j
. eratfyl
Every; on© appealed in J. P. Morgan.
Carnegie had to be bought out. There
was no other way to save the situa»
| tion. And this was th© genesis' of
: the United States Steel Corporation,
the "trust of trusts/' which first took
Carnegie's property in at . his own spe¬
cial and very fancy price, and then
j - everybody else,
I It Is a picturesque and human eon*
! tradiction that this Genghis Khan of
| the steel industry, all of whose wealth
| and success were the fruits of warfare
and strife, on retiring from the fray
| went straightway ©if in pursuit of a
I gentle dream---—the dream of peace on
earth. He believed in the perfectibility
of pugnacious human nature, and fitted
J the t, w rid with- a worthy and most
| dreary propaganda. That he should
> have lived just long enough to survive
] the greatest of all wars is one of the
j deep ironies of his time.
AUG 12 ’19
As “The Laird of Skibo , 99 '
Carnegie Was True Scot
Surrounded Himself With Highlanders in Ancient
Dress—-Converted Ancient Castle Into a Mod¬
ern Mansion With Elevators and Electricity
By Ishbel M. Ross j
Possibly in no phase of bis-existence
was more of the human side of. Andrew
Carnegie revealed than during the
months he spent each year kt, Skibo
j Castle. Fifth Avenue knew him as one
of its' greatest millionaires, but in
j Scotland he was simply the “ittie lair
of Skibo” plain son of the soil, Who.
| had the courage and the grit to achieve
phenomenal success.
He was born in Lowland Scotland,
but when he returned years afterward
to choose a home from the many beau¬
tiful estates of his native country, he
travelled to the extreme Northern
Highlands and settled on a castle pict¬
uresquely situated in Sutherlandshire.
Almost the first thing he did was to.
have two marble marbles made—one,
of the tiny house of his birth; the
other, of his newly acquired castle.
To-day they rest side by side in the
hall of. Skibo, and it was the laird’s
pride to point to them as the story of
his life, the marble evidence of the
long road he had travelled.
Modernized Skibo Castle
Skibo has been one of the show
places of Scotland since Mr. Carnegie
took it iver several years ago and con¬
verted it into an up-to-date residence
that contrasts oddly with fine old
Dunrobin Castle, nearby, belonging to
the Duke of Sutherland.
Dunrobin is the epitome of all that
is ancient and historic. But Skibo
brings^a touch of New York into the
quiet by-ways of the ighlands, with
its elevators, its great furnaces and its
electricity. It was the pride . of its
owner and outrivals in magnificence
his Fifth Avenue home. For one
thing, it has an incomparable situation
on a cliff overlooking the Dornoch
Firth. It is turreted like an old feudal
! castle and has a window for every day
i in the year. The garden^ are far^-
I famed, and the model dairy and Turk¬
ish baths are other notable features of
the residence.
At Skibo Mr. Carnegie •accentuated,
i his Scotch characteristics, although he
| never forgot that it was to America
! he owed his fortune. On the Fourth
! of July each year it was his custom to
[give a fete, and the Stars and Stripes
I invariably flew side by side with t|ie
! Union Jack.
He Wore Tartan Clothes
! : He always wore tartan clothes on
; the other side of the Atlantic. In fact,
] he had a special tartan woven for him,
i to which he gave his own name, it
became one of the industries of a
neighboring village.
He had magnificent shooting and
I fishing on his estate, but, while he was
-nd. of the rod and would spend a few
days pursuing salmon and trout, noth¬
ing would induce him to handle a gun.
His guests might bag all the pheasants
they wanted, but, he shuddered at the 1
thought of killing warm-blooded ani¬
mals. This was in keeping with his
whole-hearted aversion to slaughter of
any kind; He would Say to his visitors,
“If you must kill them, kill them; but
don’t let me }oiow anything about it.”.
He, reviewed many quaint old cus¬
toms at Skibo, largely for the benefit
of his American visitors. It was his J
habit to have a piper march up and
down ithe hall playing the bagpipes be- ;
fore dinner started. Kilts were seen j
more frequently, around Skibo than j
they were anywhere else in Scotland,;
for the laird liked to hove his retinue
look like Highland chieftains. It was
one of his whims.
Loved Picturesque Scotland
He was not particularly interested
in the native life save where it was
picturesque, and then he wanted to
make the most of it. Every village;
within ; miles of his castle, no matter
how mall the population, boasts a Car- ;
negie library. His name is so deeply:
inscribed in stone in Scotland that it
will take centuries to erase it.
His major passion was books. His,
favorite guest at Skibo was always a
writer; his favorite after dinner talk
was books. He was more pleased to
have Kipling visit sim than to have
crowned heads or American million¬
aires. And he had al lof them in his
time. Years ago, before he had mo¬
tors running between the castle and
the nearest railway station, ten miles
away, stage coaches carried his guests..
They were picturesque affairs, looking;
for all the world as if they had trun¬
dled out of the pages of “Pickwick
Papers.” Coachmen, dressed in red,
drove giddily tsrough the village
streets in their four-in-hands, blow¬
ing horns to make way dor Gladstone, ;
Paderewski, Sir Edward Grey, Kipling
and others.
Fond of His Daughter
But greater than his passion fox-
books and picturesque observances was
his love for his only daughter. Much
of her life was passed at Skibo, and
she was known to every one in the
Vicinity as an extremely intelligent,
frolicsome youngster. Their life was
simple and wholesome. Margaret and
her father roamed around arm in arm
in tse early days, when she was quite
a little person. But as she approached
her teens, she shot up into a tall, lanky
girl, who could look down on the little
laird. She, too wore Highland dress,
Mr. Carnegie and his wife, never
failed to go to Skibo each year until
the war broke out, and the Highland
parish will see no more of 'its little
laird,' I*’ • . u
AUG 13 ’19
Old Associates
.Will Mourn at
Carnegie’s Bier
Efforts to Have Funeral Pri¬
vate Fail When Former
Friends Seek to Pay Final
Tribute to His Memory
Interment at Tarrytown
Burial to Take Place Thurs¬
day; Exact Value, of the
Estate Is Not Yet Known
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 12.—-The num¬
ber of those who will hear the funeral
rites over the body of Andrew Carnegie
at 10:30 o’clock Thursday morning will
be greater than was expected. It was
originally planned to have those at the
service limited closely,; but: since the
death of the ironmaster word has been
received from many former associates,
l and the list of those expected has
i gradually expanded.
The nature of the services had not
been decided upon to-night, pending
the return of Archibald C. Barrow,
j Mrs. Carnegie’s secretary, from .New
I York, He was expected back late to¬
night, but did not arrive. Further
communication with the Rev. Dr.
[William Pierson Merrill, pastor of the
; Brick Presbyterian Church, of New
York, of which Mrs. Carnegie is a
member, is also awaited.
Dr. Merrell is on a vacation. He will
officiate, assisted by the Rev. Benson N.
j Wymah, pastor of the Lenox Congre¬
gational Church.
Neither Mr, nor Mrs. Carnegie was
a rhember of a local church.
Few friends have arrived, but res¬
ervations were being made at several
hotels this evening.
The plans for the,removal of the body
to Tarrytown, N. Y., have been with¬
held, as it is the wish of the family
that the transfer .he. made with as
little publicity .as possible.
Few Callers at Shadow Brook j
There were' few callers to-day at
Shadow Brook and very few visitors
in Lenox in addition to those who are
summering here. Among the guests at
the Aspinwall is perhaps the only for¬
mer associate of Mr. Carnegie, who waf
his elder and survives him. This.r
Ghauncey M. Depew, now in his eight'
sixth year .and who spoke to-day of Mr.
Carnegie as his junior. Reciting how
Mr. Carnegie’had devoted millions m
efforts to prevent war, he said the
world conflict had broken Mr. Carne¬
gie’s heart and that the ironmaster
was never the same after war was de¬
clared. -
“He became obsessed with the idea,
said Mr. Depew, “that the future of the
world depended on the abolition of
war. He created a permanent; fund for
the propaganda of peace. He built the
palace at The Hague for its home.
“I never knew any one so interested
in any one thing as he was in the
peace of the world. He firmly believed
that his efforts to prevent war would
succeed. When war came, surpassing
in its tragedies, it broke Mr. Carne¬
gie’s heart. He was never, the same
again.” . . ., ,
It is said that Mr. Carnegie’s epitaph
will be the one suggested by. himself
several years;,ago:
“Here lies a man who few how Yo
enlist in his. Service better men than
himself.”
MiG is;
IS
Estate Estimates Vary
/ Dr. Charles F. Thwlng, secretary of
the Carnegie Foundation for the Ad-
/ vancement of Teaching, said the iron¬
master died poor “in the sense that he
had given away the larger part of his
fortune.” It is considered likely the
value of the Carnegie estate will not be
known for some time. It is said that
Mr. Carnegie’s will contains many more
public benefactions through the Car¬
negie Foundation, which will also ^re¬
ceive a reserve fund of $26,000,000.
Pensions for the widows and aged em¬
ployes of the Pittsburgh division of
the Pennsylvania Railroad, over which
Mr. Carnegie once Was superintendent,
are also said to be provided for.
Messages of condolence continued to
arrive in large numbers at Shadow
I Brook. Hundreds came by telephone,
telegraph and mail, and still others
were left at the house personally by
neighbors and other friends of the
family. ■ , ■ ' ",
Mrs. Carnegie remained secluded, and
none of those Who called was permitted
-to see her.
AUC14 ’19
Presbyterian
Rite To Be Read
Over Carnegie
! Dr. Merrill of Brick Clmrcb
| to Conduct Services at
Shadow Brook To-day
and . Quartet . Will Sing
Schwab Reaches Lenox
Burial To Be in $40,000
Crypt in Huge Plot ■ in
Sleepy Hollow, Cemetery
| LENOX, Mass., Aug. 13. —Arange-v
I ments for the funeral of Andrew Car-,
i negie, who' died here Monday morning,
|j were completed to-day, after the ai-
'| rival of the Rev. Dr. William Pierson
Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presbyte-
i rian Church, New York, from his sum-
j mer home at' West Weymouth. Mrs.
Carnegie made her wishes known, early
in the day to her private secretary,
Archibald Barrow.
Dr. Merrill visited the Carnegie home
and conferred with the Rev. Benson J.
Wyman, pastor of the Lenox Congrega¬
tional Church, who will assist him..
| When the details of the funeral were!
j decided upon, at the Wish of the family,
)■ nothing was made known regarding, to¬
morrow’s rites, except that the Pres-;
[ byterian service for the dead will be
used. This provides for 1 a reading from
; the Scriptures and a prayer. •
I There will be vocal numbex :■ by the
quartet from the Brick Presbyterian
j Church, of New York, which the Car- )
negieS have attended for eight years.
The quartet will be directed by Clar- jj
ence Dickinson, the . organist of the
church.'
Floral Pieces Arriving
During the morning floral pieces be¬
gan to arrive. Mrs. William Sloane,
of New York, sent a large wreath Of
orchids from her green houses at Elm
Court here.
Arrival to-day of those who will at¬
tend the funeral included Charles M.
. Schwab, Robert A. .Franks, treasurer
of the Carnegie Corporation; Mrs.
Henry Phipps, of New York, wife of
j a former partner of Mr. Carnegie, and
her son, Howard Phipps, and the Rev.
Fred K. J. Lynch, formerly Congrega¬
tional minister here, who represented
the Carnegie Peace Foundation abroad
during the war. .
The voluminous writings of Mr. Car¬
negie have been searched with a view
to ascertaining his ideas on religion,
and it wa? pointed out to-day that while
there wa3 no definite expression Of his
attitude toward organized religious
work, it was made plain that he be¬
lieved implicitly in a higher and better
world. , ' ,
In this connection there was quoted
the tribute which he paid to the coun¬
try church in his book, “The Gospel
of Wealth;” The writer said that the
millionaire made good use of his money
when he replaced an ugly country
church when he came upon, it /with a
noble specimen of architecture, built,
as the pyramids,-to stand for genera¬
tions. He described the church as em¬
bracing an enchanted realm which lay
afar from the material and prosaic.
His Tribute to Church
“Once within its massive circle its
denizens live there an inner life more
precious than the external, and all
their ways are hallowed by tjie radiance
which shines from afar upon this
inner life, glorifying everything, and
beeping all . right within.”
TARRYTOWN, N.Y., Aug. 13—The
body of Andrew Carnegie will, be con¬
veyed to the Sleepy Hollow cemetery
by automobile hearse and not by train
from Lenox, Mass., according to word
received to-day by the cemetery offi¬
cials. The body is due to arrive Friday
low cemetery is the largest and cost¬
liest. there. It oerlooks the Hudson'
River and contains 13,000 square feet, 5
Studded with ' pine'- trees and covered,
with shrubbery. . The Pocantico River
flows along the east side of the plot,
while a short distance away are the
mausoleum of William Rockfeller and
the plot of John D. Rockfeller. Nine
hundred feet from the. Carnegie plot
lies the body ■ Of Washington Irving.
The Carnegie plot was bought three
years ago by Mrs. Carnegie and her'
daughter. A crypt of reinforced con¬
crete with hollow tiles was built at a
cost of $40,000. It contains space, for
two bodies. .
Bishop Pays Tribute
The following telegram was sent to
The Tribune by James Henry Darling¬
ton, the Bishop of Harrisburg:
“Bar. Harbor, Me., Aug. 13 —
Andrew Carnegie Was the Columbus
who discovered a new world of philan¬
thropy. Before him, some had given
* largely in their wills, but he was the
) first during life to give more than he
I kepf. Pure and domestic in family re¬
lations, his., wife, as he ofteh said, was
his inspirer and adviser in everything.
He was God’s prophet preaching the
responsibility of wealth, and having
educated himself in youth, he under¬
took the great task of educating the
whole world through hi,f g-ifts to count¬
less libraries and colleges. As St. An¬
drew, for whom he was named* brought
his brother Peter to Christ, so his
first thought was of others who will
follow his compelling example. Church
and nation mourn to-day.”
Mr. Carnegie’s will is in the Vaujt of
the Home Trust Company, Hoboken, N,
J. A family council will be held im¬
mediately after the funeral at Lenox,
i Mass., at which iElihu Root, jr., will be
i present to receive instructions regard¬
ing the probate of the will. Mr. Root,
i whose father drew the will, will probate
the document. It is expected that the
testamenft : will. be filed ' in New York
City, because Mr. Carnegie, voted here
[and made this city, his-.official residence.
AUG 1519
Mr. Carnegie
Laid to Rest in
Sleepy Hollow
Simple Services Held in
Shadow Lawn in Presence
of Few Old Associates
in Business and Friends
No Eulogy Is Pronounced'
Prayers Are Read and Quar¬
tette From the Brick Pres¬
byterian Church Sings
.LENOX, Mass., Aug. 14. ; —Sixty per¬
sons were present to-day at the sim¬
ple funeral services held for Andrew
Carnegie, .who died ; Mqnday morning
at his estate, Shadow Brook. There
was no eulogy for the man, who, since
his death, has been praised - and
mourned 'throughout the world.
The . ritual of the Presbyterian
Church was used by the Rev. Dr. Will¬
iam Pierson Merrill, pastor of. the'
Brick Presbyterian Church,,, Fifth Ave¬
nue, New York, where Mr. Carriejke
and-his' family worshipped-. Dr. Mer¬
rill, Was. assisted by the Rev. , Ben¬
son N. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox
Congregational Church, where Mrs.
Carnegie frequently worshipped dur¬
ing the summer months. The service
was held in the large reception room
at Shadow Brook, on the first floor,
at the east end of the mansion. The
body reposed in a plain casket, cov¬
ered. with heavy black broadcloth,
which, was placed in the centre of
the room. A small name plate of sil¬
ver bore . the following in English
script:
- ANDREW CARNEGIE
Born Dunfermiline, Scotland,
/ November-25, 1836.
Died Lenox, Mass., August 11 , 1919.
In the Family Party
Just before 10:30 those who were to
hear the last rites, entered the room
and grouped themselves about the cas¬
ket* Mrs. Carnegie and her daughter,
Mrs. Roswell Miller; Ensign Miller,
.daughter’s husband; Miss Estella
W.hitfeneld, Mrs. Carnegie's sist.et; his
nephews, Andrew and Morris Carnegie,
and Mrs. Morris Johnson, a niece of
Mr. Carnegie, formed the family cir-
cle< •
Next in- the mourning circle were
those Who had helped the ironmaster
make his millions and others who had
helped tbe philanthropist distribute
his moneyi Among these were Charles
M. Schwab, Robert A. Franke, busi¬
ness adviser to Mr. Carnegie for many
years and treasurer of the Carnegie
Corporation and the Carnegie Founda-
tion for the Advancement of Learning*
the Rev. Frederick H. Lynch, who rep¬
resented the Carnegie Peace Founda¬
tion at the Versailles peace conference;
Oliver Ricketson, Mrs. Henry Phipps,
wife of one of Mr. Carnegie's part¬
ners, and her son, Howard; Dr R S
Woodward, president of the Carnegie
Institution at Washington ;-EIihu Root
jr., representing his father as Mr Car¬
negie’s attorney; James C. Greenwav
and. hik wife, and Arthur A. Hammer-
echlag, director of the Carnegie In¬
stitute , at Pittsburgh.
. 1 Others - at the service were: Mr. and
Mrs. Chauncey M. Depew, Mrs. John £
Parsons, Mr. and Mrs. G.-E. Winthrop
and two daughters, Mr; and Mrs.
Charles Lanier and Mrs. Joseph H.
Choate. Guards stationed at the gates
of the estate prevented persons, except
guests of the family, from .entering
during the service.
Music by Quartet
Theclergymen stood at the head of
the casket and back of them were the
members of the quartet, directed by
Clarence Dickinson, organist of the
Brick Presbyterian Church. The
singers were Miss Rose Bryant, Miss
Marie Stoddardt, Frank Croxton and
Grant Kimball. The singing opened
with the singing of “0 Love, That Will
I Not Let Me Go.” The Rev. M. Wyman
recited two prayers of the ritual and
followed, these with the Lord’s Prayer.
] The quartet then sang “He Ladeth Me.”
: Dr. Merrill read passages chosen from
the Psalms, and the service closed
with the. singing of “Grossing the
Bar.” The benediction was pronounced
by the Rev. Dr. Merrill.
At the conclusion of the service,
which occupied only twenty minutes,:
the body was removed in a motor car
to Hillsdale, N. Y., where a funeral
coach was in waiting. This car was
attached to the regular train of the!
New York Central Railroad, leaving at
1:11 o’clock for Tarrytown. Many of
the flowers which had been sent to the
Carnegie home were taken with the .
body, and a large cluster of orchids lay
on top of the casket as it was trans¬
ferred to the funeral car.
Trip in Private Car
Mrs. arnegie, her daughter and mem-!
bers of the immediate family, made the!
trip to Tarrytown in the . private carj
of Charles M. Schwab, which was at¬
tached to the train just ahead -of the;
funeral car. Mrs. Carnegie walked!
from her automobile to the car with!
Mr. Schwab, but she required no as-!
sistance an^Q^p9ja^d| |) be bearing up
A Friend of Men
There was a true simplicity about An¬
drew Carnegie that pervaded his actions
in life and that was fittingly observed at
his burial. With riches came castles and
servants and skirling bagpipes. They
could not overwhelm the zest for human
nature, the straightforward interest in
life, that best keeps a man simple.
Granted this central directness of eye
and heart, and eccentricities, even small
vanities, become human and likable.
It was precisely this human under¬
standing that led Andrew Carnegie on in
a great career. The epitaph that he
wrote for himself was not affected mod¬
esty. It was true, and he meant it. But
no one will care to underestimate the
human faculty that can attach abler men
to itself indissolubly and by encouraging
them, inspiring them, ordering them, re¬
warding them, build out of all these joint
wills arid energies and brains something
greater than the sum of its parts, a
great, living business organization. That
is executive ability, a much abused term,
in its simple, proper sense.
All kinds of human beings, super¬
ficially speaking, may he good executives.
The little, silent man often is; even the
strong, chinful master of men in the
short story magazines conceivably may,
through some freak, bp able to handle
men. But in all there is one essential
gift, a true interest in the human ma¬
chine!,: an; understanding, almost an af¬
fection, for its weaknesses, and a com¬
plete loyalty which alone can buy com¬
plete loyalty. To most of us human ma¬
chines are nuisances. Much rather
would we do jobs ourselves. To the true
executive the other man’s machine is his
own god-given tool, which he enjoys se¬
lecting, sharpening, improving, working
through to accomplish his own goal.
When all praise has been given to An¬
drew Carnegie, his greatest quality was
his steadfast loyalty, his. faith in his
gids, his simple human liking for human
nature, the stuff of a true and ever-
growing soul.
His greatest ^ift to his fellow men
was, of course, the creation of a great
industry which transformed a wooden
world into a steel one. Next to this was
his perception in full breadth and height
of the doctrine that men live but
serve, a perception at the root of his L
philanthropies* .But the golden cord that:
bound together all that he was was sym- '
pathy with men. As one of his subordi¬
nates has said, thousands worked with!
him—-few ever Worked for him.
«J316'i8.
Satire by Mistake
To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: Appearing on page 4 of the issue !
of August 12 is the picture of a stately
structure, which is identified to your public
as the Peace Palace at The Hague, given by
the late Andrew Carnegie.
While I have been a constant reader of
The Tribune and an admirer of its serious
efforts, as well as its humor, never has this
publication to my knowledge attempted such
a gigantic task as that of moving the Palais
de Justice at Brussels, Belgium, to The Ha^ue,
in Holland—wdving the magic wand of pub¬
licity and declaring “Presto! You shall be
known in future to all men as the Peace^
Palace!”
But if, in the makeup, this picture was
placed in error, and deprived of its rightful
location as a delightful sarcasm of F. P. A.,
"then my apologies and congratulations. But
in any case please, I pray you, pity poor
Belgium. ARCHITECT.
New York, Aug. 12, 1919.
New York Tribune Aug* 17, 191
The last portrait photograph of Andrew Carnegie, retired steel
turer and celebrated philanthropist, who died Aug. n in his eighty-fourth
year, at his summer home in Lenox. Mass.
Photo copyright Underwood &
ri
AUG 1713
FEW YORK TRIBUNE,
The Story of Carnegie’s
T|| ^ EW men have been better op-
J B— ^ timists than Andrew Car-
JL negie. Rising as he did from
a poor working lad to
leading industrial position in
country famous for its great indus¬
trial enterprises, it was his gospel,
, constantly expressed verbally and in
writing, that a young man’s future
depends chiefly upon his own energy
and perseverance. Never during his
lifetime did he see anything in in-
! dustrial conditions to prevent the
I young merchant, the clerk, the mes-
senger from rising to eventual suc¬
cess. His own life bore out his op¬
timism, and it is never lacking in his
j friendly and. shrewd advice.
1 Back in 1902 he wrote a book,
“The Empire of Business,” published
by Doubl'eday, Page & Co., in which
! he said;
W “There is no service so low and
•simple, neither any so high, in which
the young man of ability and willing
disposition cannot readily and ah
Posing with a movie queen,
in the days when movie
queens were a novelty
and Who have not forgotten that?
you are destined to be owners and
to make orders and break orders.
You will never be a partner unless
you know the business of your de-
than these.
Sharing the fruits of
partment far better than the owners my father’s and mother’s industry, I
possibly can.
“Boss your boss just as soon as
most daily prove himself capable of you can. Try it on early. There is
greater trust and usefulness, and, nothing a man likes so well if he
what is equally important, show his is the right kind of boss. If he is
invincible determination to rise.; not, he is not the man for you to
Some day in your own department remain with. Leave him whenever
you will be directed to do or say you can, even at a present sacrifice,
something which you know will and find one capable of discerning
^ prove disadvantageous to the inter- genius. Our young partners in ear¬
nest of the firm. Here is your chance.; negie Brothers won their spurs by
Stand up like a man and say so. showing that we did not know half
Say it boldly, ahd give your rea-l as well what was wanted as they
. sons, and thus prove to your em- ; did. Some of them have acted upon
ployer that while his thoughts have] occasion with me as if they owned
been engaged upon other matters you; the firm and I was but some airy
have been studying during hours New Yorker, presuming to advise
when perhaps he thought you asleep! upon what I knew very little about,
how to promote his interests. You: Well, they are not interfered with
may he right or you may be wrong, much now. They were the true
hut in either case you have gained; bosses, the very men we were look-
the first condition of success-—you; ing for.”
haver attracted attention. Here is the story of Andrew Car-
One false axiom you will often negieVrise in the world, as told by
hear, which I wish to guard you Andrew Carnegie himself to “The
against: ‘Obey orders if you break; Cincinnati Commercial Tribune’
owners.’ Don’t you do it. This is twenty years ago:
no rule for you to follow. Always Having earned my own living for
break orders to save owners. There fifty years and been my own master
wever was a great character who: for thirty-one, I rejoice to look back
ic not sometimes smash the rou- upon my start in the world with no
me regulations and make new ones other capital than honest poverty
for himself. The rule is suitable and a good home. No boy can have
“ >“»-1 -*»*•■« incentive* for success in ZSZZZEZZ £S$3
Above—Skibo
Below—-Peace Pal
learned in my infancy to respect
work, and longed to be a contributor!
to the common purse. We lived in
Dunfermline, thirteen miles from*
Edinburgh, Scotland. My father, j
William Carnegie, was a successful}
master weaver, my mother a hard¬
working housewife, who yet found
time to instruct me until I was eight
in reading, writing and ciphering,
the equipment that gave me my first
betterment.
of sending him the raw material to
be woven up.
Not very long after—it was in
1847—he came in one day from de¬
livering some finished damask, looked
at me quizzically and said:
“Andy, I have no more work.”
Wanted to Be Weaver
ft was my first ambition to be a
weaver like my father, to have four
looms of my own, to employ appren¬
tices, to make-speeches in the even¬
ing ias he did on public questions—
he was a consistent Radical. And I
might have become a weaver but for
something that happened when I
was ten years old and had already!
been going to school for two years.
One evening I heard my father
tell my mother that steam looms
were coming into the trade and'
bothering him. The steam ma¬
chinery, .he said, was best handled
in big factories, which made it bad!
for the independent master weavers.]
His work was falling off. He was’
not getting so many orders from the
An Inspiration
Where should we go? The same
conditions that drove us from Dun¬
fermline might confront us any¬
where else in Scotland. But we re¬
membered that we had relatives who
had crossed the Atlantic and settled
near Pittsburgh.,
“We’ll go there, too,” said my
mother. “It’s best for the boys to
begin life in a new country.”
We reached Allegheny City in
1848. I was only eleven years old,
but my heart was big for the future.*
I was determined to make my wad
in this new country.
My father went to work in a coil
ton factory and I followed him as J
bobbin boy. From sunrise to sunsJ
I worked, glad to feel that each daf
added 20 cents to my credit on til
book. Saturday noon I drew $1.3
with a feeling not so much of pril
as of joy to have money to ta|
home.
Six days a week I breakfasted 1
candlelight and five days a week!
k
‘KDAY». AUGUST. 17, * SL 910
VII
Rise as Told by Himself
'Castle, Scotland
'ace at The Hague
fot home after dark. But nothing
iould have induced me to give this
ip, except an offer for better work.
This I soon got from a good Scotch
friend of ours, John Hay, who had a
bobbin factory. I was set to firing
the boilers with wood chips and to
send the engine. Responsible work,
too, for a boy of thirteen, not big for
)is age. Gradually I grew nervous,
under'the strain of minding the en¬
gine and working all alone down in
Hay’s cellar. I would wake up
fights, sitting bolt upright in bed,
lands clenched, brows knitted, from
ireams about trying the steam
gauges and finding them wrong.
Mr. Hay needed a clerk upstairs
in the office. He knew I could write
a good hand and he offered me this
olace. After fillingHhis position for
some time I heard that boys were
wanted in the Ohio telegraph office'
in Pittsburgh. I felt as though my
fortune would be made if I could get
into that office, so my father went
with me and persuaded the superin¬
tendent, James D. Reid, to employ
me. Mr. Reid often told me in after
years that he remembered exactly
how I looked that morning in my
little blue jacket with my white hair.
A Job at $2,510
Now that I had got my job at
Above■—Carnegie Institute, Tech School and Tech School
for Women
Below-—-At his favorite game
$2.50 per week I was on thorns for
fear I couldn’t keep it. I knew noth¬
ing about the streets of Pittsburgh
and the business houses to which I
had to deliver messages. So I
started in and learned all the
addresses by heart, up one side
of Wood Street and down the
other. Then I learned the other
business streets in the same way.
Then I felt safe. How pleasant it
was to me to work now in a clean,
bright office, with desks and paper
and pencils' about,- instead of down
in a dingy cellar or in a noisy fac¬
tory! The tick of the telegraph in¬
struments fascinated me. I tried to
understand it by listening, by going
to the office early and playing with
the key. Mr. Reid finally agreed to
help me to learn, and I was soon
able to receive any message by ear
alone, and at that time there were
possibly only two other people in
the country who could do this. I had
become an operator, but I was still
getting a messenger’s pay.
One morning, when I was in the
office early, I heard a death message
come over the wires from Philadel¬
phia. I knew that sort of mess
required prompt handling, so I
wrote it out and delivered it at the
proper address. From that time the
operators began to use me to “sub”
for them. Then Mr. Reid made me
an operator, and I had a great rise
in the world, for now I got $25
month, $300 a year, and I felt that
our home rested secure on my in¬
come, for my father, who had been
naturalized as an American citizen
in 1853, had died soon afterward.
His naturalization while 1 was a
minor made me an American citi¬
zen. At the age of sixteen I was the
family mainstay.
About this time came my first in¬
dependent financial operation, I
don’t consider that a salaried man,I
matter what his work or his
wages, is in business, »for he works j
for somebody else, not for himself.
There were six newspapers in Pitts¬
burgh, and so there had to be six
copies made of the press dispatches
received in our office. The man who
had the job of making these copies
got $6 a week for it. When he of¬
fered me a dollar to do his work I
gladly agreed. I was working for
myself now on an independent con- 1
trsict, doing something beyond my
task. That dollar a week I con¬
sidered my own. It did not go to
the family support. It was my first,
capital.
February 2, 1854, the Pennsyl-,
vania Railroad was completed to
Pittsburgh. In the telegraph office
we knew all about this long before
the road got on, and began to see
in our office Thomas A. Scott, su¬
perintendent of that end of the road.,
I became acquainted with him, be- j
cause I was the operator through!
whom he sent many of his messages.
He asked one of the young men in
his employ if he thought I would.
like to leave the telegraph company
and come and work for him as his
private operator. The young man
said he didnT think so, but when this
same young man told me what had
occurred I asked him to go and tell
Mr. Scott that I would be glad to
enter his service. I was; I saw a
chance to better myself.
The salary was $35 a month, $10
more than I had been getting. There
is never a boy or a man employed
whose chance doesn’t come to him.
The thing is to know it and seize it.
Determined to Get On
I have spoken of a constant de¬
termination from the first to get on
in the world, 4 There is a great , deal -
more in feeling that way than most
people think. There was another
determination that I formed in my
boyhood in Pittsburgh, which I have
been able to carry out. A. gentleman
named Colonel Anderson let it be
known to the working boys that he
could always be found in his library
Saturday afternoons and would be
glad to see them there. I went as
soon as I heard of this. Strange to
say, there was some question about
my right to come in under the head
of working boys, as I was now a
telegraph operator. That made me
indignant. So I sat down and wrote
I my first contribution to print in a
letter to “The Pittsburgh Dispatch.”
I insisted that any young man or boy
I who worked, whether with his head
or his hands, was entitled to be
1 known by the honorable desi^natibn
of “working boy,’* as I had signed
myself. After that I had no trouble.
And I found that Colonel Anderson
permitted us to take' his books home
with us. I saw how much good he
was doing, and I determined then i
and there that if I were ever able to
do it I would provide free libraries
for people who worked. That has
been one of my hobbies that I have
carried out.
| From Mr. Scott’s private tele¬
graph operator I became his pri¬
vate. secretary. I worked with him
and under him and J. Edward
Thomas for thirteen years, from
1854 to 1867. I soon became at¬
tached to him, and learned to look up
; to him almost as a father; I went*
wherever he went, travelled with
him, slept in the same room with'
him, and could not help feeling, from
j his attachment to me, almost de-
i pendence on me, that I had won his
affection.
One day Mr. Scott asked me if I
could get $500 to invest. I didn’t
have the money and I didn’t know
where to get it, but I wasn’t going to
throw away the chance of my life—•
the opportunity of investing with my :
chief. ' d
“Oh yes, sir,” I answered him, “I
|j can get it.”
“Well,” said he, “get it as soon as]
: you can. In fact, $600 is the amount
needed, and I can help you out a lit-]
j tie if you can’t raise it all. A man 1
has just died who owned ten shares
of Adams Express stock. It costs
; only $60 a share and it pays 1 per!
cent a month. You must buy it.”
■A Crisis
I felt that this was a crisis in my
life, my chance to become inde¬
pendent, to get away from the
slavery of salary to the independ¬
ence, of competence. And for the
means to accomplish this Tturned to
my one unfailing, faithful friend,
my mother. I knew she could get the
money—-I didn’t think there was
anything she could not do. I also felt
that if Mr. Scott had known how
utterly out of the question it was for
nie or my family to have $500 on
, hand he would have advanced the
whole sum for me. But my Scotch,
pride would never have permitted me
to tell anybody how poor we were.
Our savings—$800—we had' gradu- >
ally put into our home. The>best in¬
vestment anywhere for anybody is
real estate, and this was now paid
for. Should we mortgage.it to raise
the money for this investment? My
mother said yes unhesitatingly.
What is more, she said she would
get the money for me, and she did,
from her brother* who lived in Ohio.
(During the period that followed
this investment Andrew Carnegie'
followed the fortunes of his em-
| ployer, which took him through the f
Civil War. He was in charge of rail-!
| way communication at the battle of
Bull Run, arid was the last official
to leaVe for Alexandria. His first
investment was made. His second
followed shortly afterward.)
I was examining the railroad track !
j one day after my return to the ser- {
: vice of the Pennsylvania Railroad
| Company, when a. tall man with a
j green bag in his hand came up and • (
\ j asked. me if I was connected with
■j the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- j.
| pany. When I said .yes, he drew out!
a model of a sleeping berth and I
showed it to me. He did not need j
. to explain it at great length. I
seemed to see its value at a flash.
Railroad cars in which people could
; sleep on long journeys—of course
there were no railroads^ across'the
>1 continent as -yet—-struck me as
being the very thing for this land
of magnificent distances. I told him
I would speak about his model to
j Mr. Scott, and I did so enthusias-
tieally. He did pot share my enthu¬
siasm, but said I might bring the.,
inventor to see. him. So I intro-
t duced T. T. Woodruff, the inventor
*-f the sleeping car. And the result
was not only the building of two
trial cars, which w*ere run over the
Pennsylvania Railroad, bu.t the for-
f mation of a sleeping car company,
•in which I was offered an interest-
j I promptly accepted, although I
j didn’t quite know where my share
; of the capital yvas coming from,
i But this, my third business venture,
found me confident in my ability to
overcome difficulties. I had secured
j the money to buy the Adams Ex-
1 press stock. I would get the money
to buy the sleeping car stock. j
But how? At v last I went to the f
. bank, arid, telling the president the
I exact facts,, offered him’ my note for
$217.50, my share of the first pay-
}. ment on the stock, if he would ad¬
vance me the money and let me pay
him back - out of my salary at the
rate of $15 a month. To my delight
he’ patted pie on the back, said “Yo/u
; are all right, Andy,” and "discounted
my note. My subsequent payments
for the stock in the Woodruff Sleep-
! ing Car Company I was enabled to
meet, without giving any more notes,
j from the receipts of the cars them-
| Selves. It was thus f made my first
| substantial capital.
\Luch in Oil
When I heard of the oil strike on
the Storey farm, on Oil Creek, I re-
, ; solved to invest in oil lands. I vis¬
ited that famous well, from which
quantities of oil were running waste
into the creek. The capacity of the
well was several hundred barrels a
' day, but when my associates and I
1 j bought the farm for $40,000 we had
no confidence that this flow would
; continue, and built a pond big enough
I to hold 100,000 barrels. We ran our
j oil into this pond until we had run in
i several hundred thousand barrels,
i part of which leaked and some of
. i which evaporated. Yet this invest¬
ment of $40,000 paid us in one year
$1,000,000 in cash and dividends, and
the farm itself eventually became
! worth, on a stock basis, the sum of
$5,000,000.
I There were so many delays on
railroads in those days from burned
or broken wooden bridges that I felt
, the day of wooden bridges must
end soon, just as the day of wood
burning locomotives was ended,
i Cast iron bridges, I thought, ought
to replace them, so I organized a
company, principally from railroad j
men I knew, to make these iron j
bridges, and we called it the Key- j
! stone Bridge Works. The develop- j
ment of this new company required
| my time, so I resigned from the
1 railroad service in 1867. I had risen
j from telegraph operator to be super¬
intendent of the western division. I
no longer drew a salary; from that
time on I was my own master.
In 1868 I returned to England, ;
and there I noticed that the railroads
were discarding iron rails and sub¬
stituting steel. The necessity for
this vmd long been impressed on me
and on railroad men in general. In !
fact, the Pennsylvania Company had
at my suggestion spent $20,000 on a i
process for hardening iron rails by
carbon, precisely the modern Har¬
vey process, and very good rails they j
were, too. But on my return from !
England” I built at Pittsburgh a |
plant for . the Bessemer process of j
steel making, which had not until
then been operated in this country,
and started in to make steel rails j
for American railroads. I bought j
the Homestead works some time
later, and by 1888 owned, with my
associates, seven steel works in rind j
about Pittsburgh, which constituted
the plant of the Carnegie Steel Com¬
pany. •
Concentration is my motto. First
honesty, then industry, then concen¬
tration.
English Comment j
On Carnegie !
New York Tribune |
Special Cable Service j
(Copyright, ,1919, New York Tribune Inc.)
London , August 12. j
HE English press comments j
at length upon the death of
Andrew Carnegi*?. “The j
Times” says the. steel mas-
1 ter’s death comes when he had al¬
ready passed out of public notice.
/ “A few years ago,” that journal
' I ■
says, “no man was more in the pub-
I lie eye. Vast wealth, snatched from |
’ opportunity by a poor Scotch lad, j
' the contrast between the bitter op- j
ponent of organized labor and the !
propounder of theories on the duties
of wealth, the colossal amounts of
his benefactions and critical scru¬
tiny of their effects—ail compelled
the attention of the world. He was
in no sense an inventor or creator.
He undoubtedly overestimated the j
power of wealth. Wealth had made j
him great, and he thought its powers .j
unlimited. He suffered from the |
wapt of education, and imagined |
that the gift of $10,000,000 to Scot¬
tish universities could turn all Scot-
I tish boys'and girls in to proligies.
“It is unnecessary to insist that
j his expectations were unfulfilled, •
i and that, in many instances, his„ben-
efactions were doubtful blessings.
But it' is only fair to,add our testi¬
mony to the genuineness of 1 his de¬
sire to do good. His failure lay not
in the. will, but-in the method.”
“The Daily Telegraph” carried a
full page on Carnegie, saying edi¬
torially:
| “We have for many years thought
1 Andrew Carnegie a model millionaire. I
| He seemed the incarnation of the ideals
| of the Victorian age. No breath of {
1 scandal ever touched his name. He
rose to a fortune passing the dreams j
and almost the comprehension of ava¬
rice ’ by means which ev6n his enemies {
could not attack. Caution, shrewdness, '
foresight, great organizing power—i
those were his weapons in the fight for
dollars. It marked the same spirit
( which in all his charities designed to-j
' foster individual effort.”
Many other papers remember
I Carnegie in connection with the
S labor troubles of Pennsylvania, his
I reverence for American democratic
I institutions and his extensive chari-
\ ties in the United States, rather
than in Great Britain. “The Daily
Herald,” organ of labor, refers very
1 kindly to the man who was lately
labor’s traditional enemy*
i he Ironmaster
Bits of the Carnegie Philosophy:
T IS important that the masses understand what millionaires
do. We iiiust justify our existence.
Of all the blessings of life there is none that ranks above
that of good fellowship.
None know better than I the troubles of the night editor.
I don't consider that a salaried man, no matter what his wages,
is in business, for he works for somebody else, not for himself.
Concentration is my motto—first honesty, then industry, then
concentration. . ’
You Germans should * not leave the Motherland out of your
calculations. I refer to England. She is the Motherland.
The voice of the people will always make itself heard. They,
can always be depended on to vote right when their interest is
aroused.
I believe that the Republic is immortal and that it will come
through all its troubles with its foundation unshaken.
A city should own its public utilities whether it operates them
or not.
I will intrust my dollars to an institution if I think it a good
one,-but not my name. That is- sacred.
Speculation is a a parasite feeding on values and creating
none.
I never made a dollar on,the Stock Exchange in my life. I
would as soon gamble with cards as to speculate in Wall
Street.
Warships become obsolete in a few years; the railroad is ever¬
lasting and constantly improves.
Wealth can create happiness only in the measure that it permits
one to .make others happy.
You can safely put all your eggs into one basket when it is your
lifework and then watch the basket »
It is impossible for any man long to keep another down.
if ' ' ' ' . V ' ' ^ • < ,, ■ w '• - 7 /
AUC1819
AUG 21 ’19
AIJG 2319
' '4s Money Power?
: Money is regarded with an almost
| reverential awe by some, as if it were
the fount of all power. It can do many
things, things agreeable and things con¬
spicuous. Without it a human being is
circumscribed in comforts and in culture.
But just how much power has it? Is
the power in the money itself—or in
something back of the money?
' The cases of Andrew Carnegie and
Henry Ford, both creators of great
! wealth, both pacifists, both striving
earnestly to do good, suggest more than j
Coincidence. Andrew Carnegie# was one
of the greatest of modern money spin¬
ners. By his talent and force and
imagination and courage he built up a |
reservoir of power, if money is power, |
that should have made him a Colossal fig- ;
| ure in the world. He did great and good
things with his vast wealth. No rich
i American has had a better will to serve
his time; But, barring a name carved
oh many libraries and a hollow palace of
ace, what mark will his millions leave^?
In the steel industry, where he knew his
task, knew it supremely, his influence
was gigantic and his imprint permanent.
j£ There his personality counted.
■ ' But Andrew Carnegie, peacemaker,
was a different figure. There was noth-
ifig absurd or quixotic about his labors j
fop peace. Any number of fair-minded 1
and intelligent people applauded. But
■ did his vast gifts to peace accomplish
, anything? The Hague palace stood
through the Great War a symbol Of mis¬
placed confidence. The -propaganda for
peace so industriously carried on by the ■
huge -Carnegie endowment accomplished
what? Here was a fund larger than
any propaganda sums of all the wicked
munition manufacturers in the world, it
is safe to assert. And the war came
despite it, and the cause of peace was
yet to show any effects of the great ex- j
penditure whatever.
The Ford peace ship was a grotesque j
effort to buy peace. But in the retro- I
speet was it much more unbelievable that j
peace-could be made by a millionaire’s [j
sudden rush overseas than that peace j
could be placed in the hearts of men by
a. costly propaganda? r
Does not the mistake lie here? Money 1
i is- the natural result of great business
force in America, but it is never the
force itself. The fo^ce.is in the brain
and willed,he only the tool.]
Therefore when the brain turns from the j
task that it knows supremely well to the I
task that it knows imperfectly the tool !
loses all its power. We still feel that
the power must be there, because we
have seen its farreaching effects in
finance. But we are deceiving ourselves.
Money, by itself, can buy neither fame
nor influence—any more than it can buy
true enjoyment. All these things must
come from the directing'mind. And, as
v we are gradually learning, the mind that
can create a vast fortune may be no bet-
j ter than any of the rest of us when ap¬
plied to politics or art or science or good i
j nianners. It may, indeed, blunder rather 1
I the more egregiously through overconfi- jj
j dence—as in the case of Henry Ford. |
Carnegie Will
To Dispose of
$50,000,000
Elihu Root, Jr., Says Value !
of Estate Will Be Made
Known Definitely When j
Document Is Probated
Andrew Carnegie’s will is to be filed
‘for probate next week, it became
known yesterday. Reports have it that
: the ironmaster’s estate is worth about
$50*000,000, one-tenth of the $500,000,-
i 000 his ventures and investments
earned. Root, Clark, Buckner & How¬
land are attorneys for the estate, aftd
[ the Home Trust Company of Hoboken,
a private institution founded by Mr.
Carnegie in 1901 to handle his own af¬
fairs, is named executor without bond.
Mrs. Roswell Miller, Mr. Carnegie’s
daughter, was provided for by him at
: the time 6f her recent marriage, it is
understood, and, therefore, she is not
•as large a legatee as she otherwise
would have been. Elihu Root, jr., said
last night that the value of the estate
would he made known definitely when
the will is probated.
Neither does the instrument include
bequests to many persons for whose
welfare Mr. Carnegie was known to
have had deep concern. Hundreds of
such were taken care of in his life¬
time by being placed in life positions in j
institutions controlled bv Mr. Car-
negie or by being placed on his private j
; pension list.
It was for just such philanthropies
that Mr. Carnegie organized the Home
Trust Company. The tr^st company
accepted no deposits other than his
own, and its existence was known to
but few. The arrangements made by
Mr. Carnegie for. liquidation of the
claims of depositors of-/the defunct
Carnegie Trust Company, with which
Mr. Carnegie had no connection, but
whose obligations he assumed because
it bore his name, were consummated
in his Hoboken office.
Elihu Root is understood to have
done the actual drafting of the ultimate
document.
The Home Trust Company is enabled
to act as executor of the Carnegie- e,s- 1
tate in New York because of reciprocal j
legislation enacted in New Jersey and
j this state. When the New York Legis¬
lature some years ago amended the
banking law to permit trust companies
to act as executors without depositing
10 per cent of their capital with the
State Superintendent of Banking no
one -was found who could explain the
reason for the change. That it was
done to permit the Hoboken institu 7
tion to act as executor of the Carnegie
estate now seems apparent.
Larnegie's
Fortune at
Death Only
30 Millions
Post of That Is Given to
Charity in Will, as Wife
and Daughter Were
Provided for in Life
Annuities Left
To Many Friends
Widows of Two Former
Presidents Are Among
Beneficiaries; All His
Servants Remembered
Carnegie’s Progress
Toward Poverty
; £ NDREW CARNEGIE is generally
,r *' credited with the phrase and
belief: “The man who dies rich dies
disgraced.” Those who know him
| best, however, said this quotation
was not literally in the words of
Mr. Carnegie, but was a paraphrase
of a sentence in “The Gospel of
Wealth,” which he published in 1891,
to the effect that a millionaire who
hoarded his money instead of ex¬
pending it for -humanity should die
“unwept, unhonored and unsung.!? •■
In 1912 Mr. Carnegie testified be-
] fore the Stanley Committee: “My
: , scheme of life is to spend my old
i age not accumulating hut distribut-
| mg superfluous wealth.” Mr. Car-
i negie died August 11, in his eighty-
I fourth year, having given away since
j 1887 more than $350,000,000. He
died possessed of between $25,000,-
j 000 and $30,000,000.
Had he lived and continued his
gifts'at the same rate as during the
; last thirty-two years he would have
j had only $909,855 left at the end of
three years, taking the maximum
estimate of his estate, reckoning his
income at 6 per cent and allowing
for no expenditures whatever in that
| time except those made in the form
] of gifts.
Andrew Carnegie, whose fortune
once approximated $400,000,000, left at
his death an estate valued at from
$25,000,000 to $30,000,000.
The will of the philanthropist was
filed* in the Surrogates’ Court yester¬
day) and at once was admitted to pro¬
bate by Surrogate Fowler, a proceeding
unusual in the case of so large an 'es¬
tate. The immediate proving was
made possible by the fact that the
only heirs at law are Mrs. Louise Whit¬
field Carnegie, widow, and Mrs. Ros¬
well ; Miller, daughter, who waived the
formality of being served with a cita¬
tion.
The comparative smallness of Mr.
Carnegie’s estate is due to gifts to
charity and education which he made
in his lifetime and the expressed pur-
pose pf the ironmaster that he in-
i tended to divest himself of most of his
riches/ before his death. Elihu Root,
jr. ? attorney of the estate and a wit¬
ness of the will, said Mr. Carnegie in
his lifetime made public gifts totalling
more than $350,000,000.
Bilik Goes to Charity
The will of Mr. Carnegie carries his
purpose even further, for the bulk of
w hat remains of his fortune, one of
the largest in the world, goes to the
Carnegie Corporation, organized with
the object of carrying out certain pub¬
lic benefactions. To the corporation its
founder and namesake left his residu¬
ary estate, which will amount to from
$20,000,000 to $25,000,000. To several
institutions he left an aggregate of
$mooo.
Mr. Carnegie followed with regard to
his wife’ and daughter; the latter re¬
cently married to Ensign Roswell Mil¬
ler, the same rule he'observed in con¬
nection with liis public giving by mak¬
ing provision for them during his life¬
time. He left Mrs. Carnegie all his
real estate, which is said to have a
value of from $5,000,000 to $7,000,000,
and all his works of art and household
goods. Said Mr. Carnegie in his will t
“Having years ago made provision for
my, wife beyond her desires and ample
to enable her to provide for our be¬
loved daughter Margaret, and being \
unable, to judge at present (1912) what
provision for her will best promote her
happiness, t leave'to her mother the !
duty : - of providing for her as her j
mother deems best. A mother’d love
will be the best guide.”
Codicil Written in 1919
i In a codicil executed March 31, 1919, ,
Mr. Carnegie provided tljat if his wife
| predeceased him, the real estate and
personal property left to her in the)
will, should go to his daughter. !
Mr. Carnegie created numerous life !
annuities for relatives and friends
approximating $300,000—these will ex¬
tend to the lives of the wives or hu3- J
bands of the life tenants after the !
death of the latter. Eventually the
principal of the trust fund from which
the annunities are to be paid will be-
: come part of the-residuary estate and
go to the Carnegie Corporation. Noth-
! ing is left to the Carnegie Foundation.
I Among those mentioned in the will
as receiving life annunities is former
President William H. Taft, $10,000.
Mr. Carnegie, executed his Will on;
February 13,‘1912, while Mr. Taft was !
P resident and the instrument mentions I
im merely as President Taft. How-
j ever, Tome doubt has been caused
about -this particular provision T / _a'
■ notation which Mr. Carnegie wrote in
the margin of the will. It reads,
“This annunity to President Taft has j
been transferred to the presidential *
annuity of Carnegie New York Corpo-
.% ration—-Andrew Carnegie.”
Widows of Former Presidents <
For the widows of two former Presi-
dents, of the United States, Mrs. Theo- i
dore Roosevelt and Mrs. Thomas J.!
Preston, jr., formerly Mrs. Grover
| Cleveland, the will establishes life an- j
; iiuities of $5,000 each. The following
f named friends of Mr. Carnegie also re-
if receive annuities: Premier Lloyd j
George 6f England, $10,000, Sir Swire
, Smith,. $5,000; Right Honorable John
Burns, $5,000; Thoinas Burt, „M. P.
(life-long friend), $5,000; John Wil¬
son, M. P. (.life-long friend), $5,000;
Walter Damrosch, $5,000; Harry Whit¬
field (“my dear brother-in-law'”), re¬
ceives $10,000 a year. Each married
niece or nephew of Mr. -Carnegie re¬
ceives $10,000 a year and each unmar-
I ried nephew $5,000 a year.
1 Robert A. Franks, to whom the testa¬
tor refers as his friend and secretary
and who also is vice-president of the
Carnegie, Corporation and treasurer of
the Carnegie Foundatioh, receives the
house and grounds now occupied by
him in Llewellyn Park, Oran^, N. J.,
his wife..succe6ding to it at his death.
Of this bequest Mr. Carnegie said:
“This is a mark of friendship and af¬
fection for both.” Mr. Fi'anks also re¬
ceives an annuity of $20,000, his wife
to succeed to it at his death. Homer
D. Bates, a telegrapher in the Civil
War, as was Mr. Carnegie, is remem¬
bered with a $5,000 annuity.
The Public Bequests
The $960,000 in public bequests made
by Mr. Carnegie are distributed as
follows: Cooper Union, $60,000 . (“to j
make my total gift to it $750,000”); :
Hampton Institute^ $300,000; Authors’ :
Club (relief fund), $200,000; Pitts¬
burgh University, $200,000; Stevens -[
Institute, $100,000 (“to improve my
original gift”); St. Andrew’s Society,
$ 100 , 000 .
Mr. Carnegie remembered each of
his servants and employes here and
in Scotland. Also, the crofters, or
small farmers, who were his, tenants i
' on his Scottish estates. George Irvine, j
a former butler; Mrs. Nicol, house¬
keeper; Nannie Lockerbie, nurse, arid :
Maggie Anderson, oldest servant, re¬
ceive ,a pension equal to one-half of
their annual wages. “These four are
as members of the family,” said Mr. \
Carnegie.
To each household servant for four I
years is left $600; eight years or
more, $1,200; fifteen years or more,!
$2,000. , To each head of department I
• at the .Skibo estate of the Laird goes
from $1,000 to $2,000, according to I
term of service. Every laborer at
Skibo for two years or more receives
$50 ; five years or more $100. Each j
crofter or small farmer on the estate !
will have remitted to him 'wo years’ :
rent as the rent, accrues, provided j
he “is in good standing with his neigh-;
bors ”
“We are blest with fine neople upon .
Skibo estate and our factor is directed :
to grant a third year’s rent to the
crofters, provided it is spent upon their
homes in their improvement to the sat¬
isfaction of the factor,” says the will.' 1 -'
I “To the two late crofter tenants of j
Crcich and Achormalary there shall be
given a credit to each of two hundred j
j pounds upon their debt-to me, money i
I advanced that they mite be promoted,
with my congratulations upon their j
success as farmers.”
Home Trust Company Executor
/ The. Home Trust Company, of Hobo¬
ken, organized for the purpose of han¬
dling- the financial affairs, of Mr. Car¬
negie, is appointed by him as executor i
and trustee. The testator laid down
several conditions which it shall be
authorized to fulfil. Any of the se¬
curities left by Mr. Carnegie may be
retained as principal of any of the ,
trusts he created. Any legacy may be (
paid with such securities. The executor
is authorized to make new investments
with such moneys as may come into its
hands, in such’securities as are sanc¬
tioned by the laws of the State of!
New York as proper investments for!
savings banks; or in bonds secured by
first mortgage on railroads in the.
United States upon the common stock;
of which dividends shall have been
regularly paid for-at least the two suc¬
cessive years immediately preceding
the time of such investment; or in any
other class of bonds of any trunk rail- ,
road .company in the United States in,
high credit, which has not failed to:
pay regular dividends on , all of its
! stock for at least five years immedi-
,ately preceding such investment; or
in the preferred stock of any such
’company; or in the bonds or preferred
stock in any industrial corporation in
'the United States which shall not have
j failed to pay dividends for a,t least five !
! years immediately preceding such in¬
vestment; nor in onds secured by first
mortgage on improved real estate, in
I the United States, worth, in the opinion
of competent appraisers, a clear 50 per
cent irfore than the amount of the
mortgage; or in certificates of e#tab- ;
lished bond and mortgage companies,
secured by the deposit ox specific bonds
and' mortgages answering the foregoing
re quirenx exits.
Witnesses to the Will
The witnesses to the will were Elihu
Root, jr., Grenville Clark and Francis
1 W. Bird. Mr. Root also was a witness
, to the execution of the codicil, the
other witnesses being Silas W. How- i
land and Clinton Combes.
The state of New York "Will not re¬
ceive much as a transfer tax from the !
: Carnegie estate. The residuary be¬
quest is exempt because the Carnegie'
Corporation is a philanthropic body, as j
well as the Rockefeller Foundation,;
which received the bulk of the estate
of Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, and which i
transfer was held to be exempt from
taxation. The specific bequests,!
! amounting to $960,000, go to public in- |
stitutions, the gift to the St. Andrews!
Society of $100,000 and the one of!
$200,000 to the Authors Club perhaps
being exceptions.. All of the other in¬
stitutional bequests will be exempt, 1
and. perhaps the one to the Authors
Club, being for relief work, will be;
; non-taxable. The trust funds from j
which annuities are to be paid, eventu-
, ally will go to the Carnegie /Corpora- j
oi
AUC 2919
!■ ■ The Carnegie Will
! The will of Andrew Carnegie, yester-
j day filed for probate, furnishes a fitting
final chapter to a romantic life. Brought
| to this country by poor immigrant par-
! ents, a bobbin boy in his early teens, a
j stoker and fireman, and then a telegraph
operator, Carnegie became millionaire
and multi-millionaire, enjoying the dis¬
tinction of having been the second largest
accumulator of wealth the world has
ever known.
Then, reaching with both hands into
the boxes containing his evidences of
owpei’ship, he . scattered the ... contents
until his benefactions reached in value
! more than $350,000,000; and at last,
when his testament was opened, it fur¬
nished evidence that he had retained
a mere working balancd of his business of
philanthropy, less than one-tenth of his
former possessions. The Scriptures;
reckoned that a tithe squared accounts
with heaven; here was a man who tithed
himself nine times. In his lifetime he
often met much scoffing and not a few
sneers. The scoffers and the sneerers
probably have queer feelings as they
read this morning.
Yet in a certain sense Andrew Car¬
negie never owned anything or gave!
away anything. If he had kept in his
own name the wealth that stood there
its dynamic power would have continued:
to do beneficent work. The income Would
have gone into Works that by their mere
existence are to public advantage, This
income now supports a vast number of
institutions and foundations and re-
j moves wrinkles of care from a vast army
1 of pensioners who have been too busy
to make money. But Wherever the title;
| was, the great steel works, carrying on
i their vast labor of improving the earth
; as a place of human habitation, would
have gone on. Our social fabric is so
' interwoven that it is often difficult to’
say whether it is better to give than
: to keep. It would be a calamity, as has
been discovered in other lands and times,
to place all ownership in dead hands,
even though the motive were high and
noble. Colleges and libraries and founda-:
tions are good things, but so also are
railroads and terminals.
The rich men of America, have been
diligent in making the most of oppor¬
tunities spread before them. They have
accumulated with .great zeal, but that, on
the whole, they have been mindful of the
claims of their silent partner, the public,
and have prevented dollar worship from:
corroding their souls, is shown by a gen-
! erosity without precedent. For the class
j Andrew Carnegie set a mark not likely
soon to be equalled.
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 32-34 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
AMERICA FIRST!
'End 'Comes at Summer Home,
i Where He Sought Seclusion.
Private Funeral, No Date Set
Indoors Since Friday, Pneumonia
Gives Brief Warning—Wife at
Bedside, but Daughter Too Late
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 11.—Andrew
Carnegie, Laird of Skifoo, multi¬
millionaire and philanthropist, who
set out in 1901 to give a^way the great
fortune he had accumulated in the
;■ steel industry, died to-day in his
eighty-fourth year.
The end came a little after 7
o’clock this morning at his Summer
estate here, Shadow Brook, where
the iron master haft sougnt seclusion
when the horror pf the world war
weighed heavily upon him.
Mr. Carnegie had been compelled
against his wish to remain indoors
since Friday, suffering from what was
described as a severe cold. The
trouble developed into uronchial
pneumonia and death came with brief
warning.
DAUGHTER TOO DATE,
Mrs. Carnegie and his private sec-
j retary, John Peyton, were summoned
j^to the bedside by the nurses early
1 to-day and remained until the aged
man breathed his last at 7:10 o'clock.
When the fatal turn was reached,
his daughter, Margaret, wife of En¬
sign Roswell Miller, of.New York,
was summoned from her home at
Millbrook, N. Y., a#d arrived a. few
minutes after her father had passed
away.
I In spite of his advanced years, the
unexpected death of Mr. Carnegie
startled the Summer colony. Until
Friday the master of Shadow Brook
'was seen daily driving about the es¬
tate or taking short'walks. On sev¬
eral occasions since his arrival here
in May he had enjoyed his favorite
i sport, fishing, on Lake Mahkeenac,
[which adjoins the Carnegie property,
i To the neighbors who saw him fre¬
quently he had become a fixture, and
many failed to realize his declining
physical condition,
j. NEIGHBORS SADDENED.
It was two hours after his death
[when the news became known. Im¬
mediately Summer colonists began
^calling the house by telephone and
f many, drove in thqir cars to the home.
A little later the local telegraph of¬
fice and telephone exchange were
swamped with., messages of inquiry
| and condolence.
Announcement was made this after-
: noon that the funeral would be held
from the home ad would be strictly
private. No date was given out.
i Although Mr. Carnegie had been an
invalid since 1917, when he suffered
; an attack, of grippe, the news of his
j death was a shock to old friends and
former business associates in New
York City. Since his previous serious
ilness he had been under the care of
: two nurses.
Identified so long with the inter¬
national peace movement, Mr. Car-
! negie was said to have been more
severely affected by the world war
than most'men. It came as a hard
blow to him and the cause which he
had so close at heart.
Owing to his ill-health Mr. Carnegie
for some' time had led a secluded life,
and his .withdrawal from all public
activities gave rise to frequent state¬
ments concerning his health,
i Elihu Root, Jr., son, of former
; United States Senator Root, whose
! father for years has been Mr. Car_-
I negie’s counsel, said Mr. Carnegie
| was a citizen pf New York City and
that his will '.doubtless will be pro-.
[ bated here.
He intimated that the passing of
Mr. Carnegie would nave no effect on
| the.future of the Carnegie Foundation
j and similar philanthropies estab-
[ lished by, him.
: Associates Pay
Carnegie Tribute.
[ Charles M. Schwab, who is at his
country home at Loretta, Pehn., was
shocked by Mr. Carnegie’s death. He
’phoned this statement to his New
f Ycrk office:
“It would be difficult for me to
j find words to express my love and
admiration for Mr. Carnegie.
: “He was my friend, partner and
! associate for thirty years. He was
j the greatest man I ever knew. His
■4 .heart was so filled with tender
sentiments,''- especially with refer¬
ence to his associates, as to make
j him beloved as well as admired by
all who came into business or social
' contact: with him.
"He possessed the faculty of in-
spiring others to unusual effort in
a greater, measure than any man I
ever knew, and he always won by
i Expressions of appreciation, rather
1 Than by criticism.
world has lost a great bene- j
- factor and I have lost the greatest
friend I ever had.”
made most of chances.
James B. Clews, of Heni-y Clews &
Co., bankers-:
“The- death of Mr. Carnegie re- |
moves one of the greatest charac¬
ters the world liae ever known. In
these days of labor unrest his
career offers a fitting example of
what can he accomplished by one
commencing in the lowest station
of life when he 'possesses the
necessary qualifications for rising
in life, and makes the most of his
: opportunities. ■ •
“Viewed from almost any stand-
; point, it seems almost incredible
that anyone should have been.able
■ .tq. start at the lowest rung of the
: la’dd.er as a messenger boy. and
‘ work himself up through various
grades until finally he' became the
greatest manufacturer that the uni¬
verse has ever seen.
y “The name of Andrew Carnegie
$ iiL-las.fc-jfos -many, -ages Ta pom.% ![
not oniy, however, as the foremost
iron merchant, but for nis great'
works of philanthropy.
Thomas W. Lament, of J. P. Mor¬
gan &,Co.:
“Mr, Carnegie- had extraordinary
qualities which made him a notable
I figure on both sides of the Atlantic.
[ He .first achieved a great success in
industry, a success which he shared
liberally with his capable lieuten¬
ants, and then devoted his fortune ,
and his energy to the causes of .
education and peace. His libraries, •
spread over the English-speaking
world; his foundation for the ad- j
■ vancement of teaching; his aid to
the causes of 'peace and pan-Ameri-
canism, were wise gifts of enduring
value and service.”.
George W. Perltms, chairman of’the
finance committee of the Carnegie
Foundation:
“I am deeply grieved to hear of
Mr. Carnegie’s death. He was a
very great' American, belonging' to
. that class which, after the war of 1
’62, was quick to appreciate that
We had. a united country and a great.
opportunity. He grasped the new
machinery which inventors placed
in our hands at that time and with
I them threw all his great mental
energy into developing our country.”
BOSTON, Aug. 21 .—Dr. Charles F i
■ Thwing, president'of Western Reserve '
University; Cleveland, and secretary
! of the .Carnegie. Foundation for ,«
, Advancement ..of .jCeajchin'g, who -was'
here to-day, said:
“Mr. Carnegie’s ■ death is a per¬
sonal loss • to thousands. These
thousands include his ‘boys’ who
had been bis associates in business,
and ; also. the leaders- inf-every de-
partment of life' in America and
England.
“His love for' individuals was the
expression of his T-oye for all. ruer..
Out of this love .sprang -bis great
benefactions. lie died -poor, as it is
said he wished to die; .in -the sensei
* that ; he had given away the larger
part, of his • fortune.”
Andrew Carnegie, once the richest'- 1 !
man in America, if not in the world, !
Was born In Dunfermline, Scotland, I
November 25, ,1835.
His father, William Carnegie, was a
weaver,, operating four hand looms at j
the time of the boy’s 'birth. The intro¬
duction of steam to the weaving 1
industry sent him into proverty, afid [
Mother Carnegie' was forced to i»vke !
| boarders into their humble home on
[Reform street.
| Their poverty finally became acute,
the hand looms were sold and the
family of four, Andrew then being in
his thirteenth year, packed up for a
migration to America, where Mrs. Car¬
negie had' two sisters whose; husbands
were prospering. The elder Carnegie
found it necessary . to borrow money
from several- friends for the trip.
They sailed from Glasgow on May
|17, 1848, on the American clipper ship
Wiscasset. The- passage' proved a,
Btormy one, occupying seven weeks.
They went to' Allegheny, Pa., now a
part of Greater Pittsburgh, toy canal
and steamboats. Taking a humble
cottage on Rebecca street, the father
went to work in a cotton factory.
$1,20 A WEEK SALARY.
His wages were small, and even
with what the mother earned stitch-
ing shoes there was not enough to
provide the family needs. Little
Andrew was forced, to go to work
and found a job as bobbin boy at the [
wage of $1.20 a week. HC always !
enjoyed telling 1 of his feelings when [
he ran home to his mother with his
first week’s pay.
His second job was in a bobbin fac¬
tory, where it was his duty to keep )
the fires going under a boiler in a
dingy basement. He knew little
about steam and suffered an intense j
secret fear that his ignorance would ;
one day be responsible for the' boiler ,
exploding.
“It cannot last forever,” he said to
himself, and kept his eyes open for a
. better job.
He found it as a messenger boy for
the O’Reilly Telegraph Cotnpany, and
there first showed the keenness which
made his life so successful. He mem-
j orized the addresses of all the busi-
I ness and professional men who had
business with the telegraph company
: and showed remarkable -speed in der
livering messages.
LEARNED TELEGRAPHY.
The manager of the office had a
Morse outfit fitted up for the. amuse- i
merit of the messengers, and Carne¬
gie soon picked up telegraphy. It is
said that lie was the third operator
in the United States to learn to take
messages from the wire by sound. It
was not Tong until he was a full-
fledged operator in the Pittsburgh'!
-commercial .office.
Through his* work at the key he
met Thomas A. Scott, superintendent
of the railroad that connected Pitts¬
burgh with the East. In 1853 he en¬
tered the. services of the Pennsyl¬
vania Railroad as clerk and private .
telegrapher to Mr. Seott, his salary i
.being $35. a month. He always said
that his entry into the railroad busi- :
ness was the turning point in his life.
Subsequently he went *o Altoona
as chief , train dispatcher and eventu¬
ally, while still a very young man,
he was made manager of the Western
division of the road. He served for
sOme months during the Civil. War
in the military telegraph service and >
I-was.present at the battle of Bull Run. j
He left the military' service on ac- ;
. count of poor health.
OIL INVESTMENT PROFITABLE.
Carnegie's first investment was In
iten shares of Adams Express Com¬
pany stock for $600, bn which he re¬
ceived a monthly dividend of $10. ;
He got an early finger into the rich |
sleeping car pie through his railroad. ;
acquaintance with Leach, the inven¬
tor of the sleeper. His capital was
added to by a $10,000 return from this
! early investment.
When oil was struck in Western
Pennsylvania Carnegie gave up rail¬
roading. Edgar Thompson, then pres¬
ident of the Pennsylvania, and Thomas
1 W. Scott, the road’s general manager,
decided to put their money with Car¬
negie’s business ability and go into
the oil fields. Before they w_ere
through they had cleaned up a mill¬
ion dollars and Carnegie’s share made
him at last a man of capital.
He saw the tremendous possibilities
of the iron and steel industries andj
with his .brother, Tom, he built two j
iron furnaces, which they called the j
Lucy No. 1 and the Lucy No. 2, after!
;; a boyhood sweetheart in the little
Scotch town of his birth, and after
Miss Lucy Coleman, of Pittsburgh,
whom his brother married.
I CARNEGIE AIDED FRICK.
Then came the erection of the Ed¬
gar.Thompson Steel Works, which be¬
came the wonder of the iron and steel
industry, with a force of 8,000 men
and an annual capacity of 200,000
I tons of steel.
He kept his ever-increasing capital
| constantly employed and soon had an
interest in every steel plant of im¬
portance. about Pittsburgh.
He bought orh and coal lands In
various sections and developed the
properties. When Henry Clay Frick
found himself temporarily embar¬
rassed he had to turn to Carnegie for
assistance and the little Scotchman
got a substantial interest in the coal
; and coke monopoly which Frick had
established for himself.
The Carnegie interests acquired the
Homestead Steel Works and later on
the Duquesne Steel Works, near Pitts¬
burgh, and both were substantially
I enlarged. It is on their wonderful steel
j production that Carnegie’s world-wide
fame as a steelmaker is based.
! At the time of the formation of the
United States Steel Corporation Mr.
; Carnegie* through his control of the ;
capital stock, was the absolute mas-
ter of nineteen blast furnace^, three
steel works with eight 'Bessemer con-
verters and fifty-six open-hearth fur¬
naces; five, rolling plants with thirty-
four mills pan armor plate works and
a forge for the manufacture of car !
axles. , ' '
The reason for Mr. Carnegie’s great
success as a steelmaker was once ac¬
curately set .forth by Charles M. I>
Schwab, his favorite "young partner,” I
who wrote:
GRASPED HIS OPPORTUNITIES. j
"Andrew Carnegie, with the pre-1
science which seems to be a common p
attribute of the Scot, saw dr marie the |
early opportunities of the iron indus¬
try, grasped them by the forelock and
i out his faith and capital into the busi-
. ■ ness with invincible confidence. From
: the outset he held firmly to the con¬
viction that the United States would!
i in time surpass all other countries in
iron and steel business, and he never
hesitated at any risk'or sacrifice, how¬
ever great, which promised to ad-
. vance the industry.”'’
Mr. Carnegie has always dreaded
industrial trouble, and when the strike
of the mill workers at the great
Homestead plant became acute he
slipped away to Scotland, leaving H.
C. Friok to face the situation and
work the company out as best he
could. It was through the famous
falling out between Frick and Carne- !
gie that the world got its first accu¬
rate insight Into the vastness of the
.i Carnegie fortune.
The trouble between the two men
began in the late 90s, when Carnegie
insisted on Frick’s coke company car¬
rying out a contract with the steel i
plant for one-third of its product at
I about one-third the market price,
i Frick at that time held 6 per cent of j
i the $25,000,000 Carnegie Steel Com-
| pany stock, which had oeen organized j
in 1892, while Carnegie held 58% per
A NBKEW CARNEGIE as he appeared in the very twilight
of his life. This picture, made only recently, shows the
aged ironmaster at his favorite window seat reading, and
without glasses, but holding his hook at unusually long read¬
ing range.
AT OUTS WITH FRICK.
Frick conceived the plan of buying
Carnegie out and making himself the
real head of the steel industry. With
his associates he gave Carnegie a
check 1 for $1,170,000 as a bonus for a
ninety-day option to sell his entire
interest at $157,000,000. Frick could
not raise the capital necessary to
make the purchase. As the ninety
days expired he sent an emissary to
Scotland, asking the return of the
bonus or an extension of time. Car¬
negie refused to return the big check
or to extend the time. He said fur¬
ther that during the ninety days of
the life of the option his interest had
Increased in value, and that it was
now worth $177,000,000.
When Carnegie returned to Pitts¬
burgh he demanded and received
Frick’s resignation as chairman of
the Carnegie company. He offered
Frick $6,000,000 for his 6 per cent of
the stock. Frick laughed at the of¬
fer, saying that his stock was worth
$16,000,000 on Carnegie’s own esti¬
mate. Carnegie would not pay and
Frick went to court.
The litigation, which promised to
reveal startling steel secrets, was
terminated at Atlantic City on March
23, 1900, when the two former part-
ners got within $1,500,000 of a com- j;
promise figure, and a lawyer settled
the matter to the satisfaction of both.
QUIT WITH $400,000,000.
Less than a year later J. Pierpont
Morgan began negotiations looking to ■
the formation of the United States j
Steel Corporation. Mr. Carnegie lay ■
back and let matters take their course. !
He was on the market, but at his own j
price. He was not going to haggle |
about it. They could take nils steel j
interests or leave them.
Four hundred and sixty millions was
the basis upon which Mr. Carnegie
took first mortgage bonds and retired
fte m e^ual}y 1S con S ffeni f af t occupauoif of
philanthropy.
Although he had already made
something of a reputation as a phil¬
anthropist by large gifts, particularly
to Pittsburgh institutions, it was not
until after he had sold out to the
Steel Trust and had hundreds of
millions of steel bonds In his strong
boxes that he became a record break¬
ing gilver. In the year 1901 he gave
$40,200,000, which cut a hole- of more
than $2,000,000 in his annual income.
An international gift was that of
$1,750,000 for a peace temple and
library at The Hague. Since the Bat¬
tle of Bull Run, which he witnessed'
as a military telegrapher, he has al¬
ways had a horror of war. He recent¬
ly gave $1,500,000 to the Allied Engi¬
neers’■Societies for building purposes.
The Bureau of American Republics
tasted his bounty to the ; extent of
three T quarters of a million. His last
big gift was a foundation of $10,000,-
000 to pension college professors in
the United States, Canada and New¬
foundland.
GAVE AWAY MILLION’S.
His $40,000,000 celebration of his re-
tlrement from business included $10,- j
000,000 for a national university at
Washington, D.C.; $10,000,000 to Scotch
universities, $7,000,000 to institutions
of learning in ’Pittsburgh; $4,000,000 as
a pension fund for Carnegie Steel
Company employes; $1,000,000 for li¬
braries for Braddock, Homestead and
Duquesn?, the towns in which he
made most of his steel fortune; $1,-
I 000,000 for public libraries in St, Louis;,
and $2,000,000 for Carnegie libraries
1 elsewhere,
Pittsburgh, the city in which his,
fortune was made, has received more
than $20,000,000. He gave New. York,
his residence city, $5,200,000 for a pub¬
lic library and branches. He did a
great deal for his native town in Scot¬
land, including the “Dunfermline En-
; dowment, of $2,500,000.
Mr. Carnegie when a young man
; promised his mother that he would
i not marry while ‘ she lived. Mother
Carnegie died in 1886. The fol¬
lowing year he married Miss,
i Louise Whitfield, the daughter of a
j well-to-do New York importer, whom
ho had known since her girlhood, j
/ Their wedding was so simple that!
there was no bridesmaid or best man
and only thirty witnesses. Mrs. Car¬
negie has never cared.for society out¬
side of an intimate circle of friends.
She has an independent fortune and
■Sj carries on her own charities and
philanthropies, which are as secret
as those of her husband were open.
Mrs. Carnegie was born in New York
in 1$60, and outside of her New York
home, at Fifth avenue and Ninety-)
first street, she preferred to live at)
Ski bo Castle, in Scotland.
The heiress to the millions which
j Mr. Carnegie nas hot given away was
born in this city on March 30, 1897,
and was christened Margaret. For
her Mr. Carnegie bought the Mffhest
j block of ground on Fifth avenue, be¬
tween Ninetieth and Ninety-first
I streets and built a $2,000,000 mansion.
) Half of the block was given over to
a private park, which has been her
playground. The title has always
1 been in the daughter's name, and Mr.
| and Mrs. CaVnegie Were simply her
I tenants. A part of her education has
been in the joy of giving, and she
i is a confirmed philanthropist.
! " Mr. Carnegie’s collossal gift mak-
ing ceased in 1915. ■ His benefactions
j total $350,625,000.
1 AVROTB SEVERAL BOOKS.
The depreciation of the Carnegie
} fortune was jocularly confessed by j
j Charles M. Schwab April. 2 last. Then !
Miss Margaret Carnegie be.came the
j bride of Ensign Boswell Miller of the
U. S. Navy.
Asked what Mr. Carnegie’s wed¬
ding gift to his daughter might be,
Mr. Schwab responded:
“A sunny disposition, a smile and
a hearty kiss.”
Although in his book. “'Wealth and
Its Uses,” Mr. Carhegie wrote, “The
epitaph to which.; every rich man j
should wish himself justly entitled is
that seen upon the monument of Pitt: J
'He lived without' ostentation and he [
died poor,’ ”: he has always been fas- j
tidious about his dwelling places. I
f
AUG 1319
Carnegie to Rest
at Sleepy Hollow
TARRYTOWN. Aug. 12— In the,
country graveyard of Sleepy Hollow,
made famous by the tales of Wash¬
ington Irving, the body of Andrew
Carnegie, steel king and philanthro¬
pist, will be laid to rest, folloAving
funeral services'at his Summer home
at Lenox, Mass., Thursday morning.
The Carnegie plot of land was pur¬
chased only a few years ago. - It is
what is called the “new part” of the
cemetery to distinguish it from the
old section that contains the remains
of many notables of the revolutionary
.j days’as well as some' later day kings
' of- finance.
The bodies of John D. Archbold, the
! (Standard ’ Oil president, and Carl
; Schurz, the;,.German-American leader,
lie in Sleepy Hollow, and "William
Rockefeller has a burial plot there.
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 12.—Funeral
1 servipes for Andrew Carnegie will he
i held at 10:30 Thursday morning at
| the residence, Shadowbrook. Mrs.
j Carnegie’s wish for strict privacy in
j the funeral will be observed. The,Rev.
William Pierson Merrill, of the Brick
| Presbyterian Church, New York, and
the Rev. Benson N. Wyman, of Lenox
j Congregational Church, will officiate.
• WASHINGTON, Aug. 12.—President
Wilson, in a message of condolence
sent to-day to Mrs. Andrew Carhegie,
said: ' ■ ' : '
“Maya not express my deep sym¬
pathy at the loss of-: your- dis¬
tinguished husband? His death
* constitutes a very serious loss to
the fbrc.es of. humanity and en-
, lightened public service, and' takes
but of the world a force "which it j
. could ill.aifpr.d to spare.” I
I LENOX, Mass., Aug. 13.—Arrange- ■
ments for the funeral to-morrow ;
1 morning of Andrew. Carnegie were i
! completed to-day after the arrival of
Dr "William Pierson. Merrill, of New
York, from his Summer home at West
i Weymouth. Earlier in the. day the
| wishes of Mrs. Carnegie had been
made known to her private secretary,
Archibald Barrow.
Dr. Merrill, who will conduct the ;
service, visited the Carnegie home. ;
He also conferred with the Rev, Ben¬
son J. , Wyman, pastor of the Lenox
Congregational Church, who will as¬
sist him when the details of the ser¬
vice are decided upon. At the wish,
of the N family, nothing was made
known regarding to-morrow’s rites,'
ex dept that the Presbyterian service
j for the dead would be used. This pro-
I vides for, a reading from the Scrip¬
tures and a prayer.
There will also be vocal numbers ;
j by the quartet from the Brick Pres- j
' byterian Church of New York, of
which Dr. Merrill is pastor, and
i which the Carnegies have, attended ;
for eight years. The quartet will be -
directed by Clarence Dickinson, or-
i gahist of the church.
j During the morning floral pieces r
began to arrive : at Shadow Brook.
The first received Was a magnificent
wreath of orchids from the green¬
houses of the Elm : Court estate here
of Mrs. William Sloane, of New York.
Arrivals to-day of those who will
"j attend the funeral included Charles
! M. Schwab, Robert A. 'Franks, treas- j
I urer of the Carnegie ' Corporation;!
j Mrs. Henry, Phipps, of New York, wife
1 of the 'once partner of Mr. Carnegie;
j in the steel industry, and her son,
Howard, and Rev. Fred K. J. Lynch,
1 formerly Congregational minister
j here, who represented the Carnegie
Peace Foundation abroad during the
Two More Men Needed.
Barbarian Types.
40,000 Polish Jews.
—— By Arthur Brisbane-
j The distinguished Mr. Kolchak,
: of Russia, appears finally to have
reached the end of his little rope.
1 The United States and some other
governments stupidly trying to
. force on Russia a hand-picked
I reactionary ruler have perhaps
learned a lesson. Nobody in the
United States Government is in any
way equipped to select rulers or
make laws for nations across the
; water. Two hundred million Rus¬
sians will decide what they want
to do without help from us. The
sooner the people of this country
instruct their official employes to
1 mind the business of this country,
j the better it will he for the United
; : States.
! Carnegie died rich, after all, but I
not disgraced. During the last few
| years he was not able, mentally, to
look after his great fortune. Other-
; wise he might have carried out his
| plan to give it all away, except .
a few millions for his daughter,
j Carnegie did something more im-
I portant than mere giving of money.
I He made giving on a big scale
; ! fashionable in the United States.
! He chose for epitaph to be written
Ion his tomb these wise words:
j “Here lies a man who knew how
to enlist in his service better men
than himself.”
He was the first American of
enormous wealth to say that mill¬
ions accumulated by hiring better :
men than himself were not all his.
His name will be remembered
because it is carved in stone above
the doors of many libraries. He
was impressed by Carlyle’s saying
that on his way to Edinburgh to
get hooks he passed many jails, 1
hut not one library. If Carlyle
could take the trip again he would
pass more Carnegie libraries than
jails. Thus the world improves
gradually, as a baby grows up, so
■slowly that if you live with it you
don’t notice the change.
Carnegie’s wisdom was shown
in his giving libraries and not giv-
; ing books. He knew how to build
a library, he would not have known
how to choose its books.
Two men the world needs to
; complete Carnegie’s work: one man
; to fill his libraries with the right
books, and, jnuch harder to find,
another man to make the people
; read the books.
AUG 1419
•Dr, IY!em!i ? of Brick Presbyterian
Church, New York, Will Con¬
duct Services,
Mia *5 : i§
'Simple Services
.Mark the Funeral
I of Andrew Carnegie
Steel Magnate Buried in Sleepy
Hollow Cemetery, with Family
and Few Friends at Bier.
| . Simple services, both at the home
j and the grave, marked the funeral j
j o£ Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate j
■ gnd philanthropist, who, was buried
| at 5:25 o’clock in Sleepy Hollow Cem¬
etery, Tarrytown - on - the i Hudson, 1
Each service was attended only jby a
i few friends of the ironmaster, aside
from the immediate family and rela-
! fives.
I The services at the home and at the
grave were conducted by the Rev.
Dr. William Pierson Merril, pastor of
: the prick Presbyterian Church, Fifth
avenue, assisted by the Rev. Benson,
j N. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox Con¬
gregational Church. There was no
eulogy, the simple Presbyterian ser-
i vice being followed ’both at the home,
Shadowbrook, in the Berkshires, and
at the grave. /
Among those'st,-the funeral services
were, Charles M. Schwab, Robert A.
P ranks, many years business adviser
to Mr. Carnegie; the Rev. Frederick
H. Lynch, who represented the Car¬
negie Peace Foundation; Oliver Rick-
etson, Mrs. Henry Phipps, Dr. R. S.
Woodward, president of Carnegie In¬
stitute, Washington; Elihu Root,
Jr., James C. Greenway and wife,
Arthur A. Hamerschlag, director . of
the Carnegie Institute of' Technology,
Pittsburgh; Mr. and Mrs. Chauneey,
M, Depew, Mrs. John E. Parsons, M'rs.
Joseph H. Choate and Mr. and Mrs.
Charles Lanier.
AUG 15’19
Today
Three Cheers, Please.
Carnegie Took $1.50.
Expensive Funerals.
Nature’s Balance.
-By Arthur Brisbane..
Carnegie was buried simply.
His funeral cost less than that
paid for by many a poor woman,
giving up her last dollar and mort¬
gaging her future, buying “a re¬
spectable funeral” for the father
of her children.
You have seen the long lines of
dismal black carriages, filled with
friends and strangers, going to a
poor grave paid for by some poor \
Woman—every such procession is ■
a disgrace to any church encourag- j
ing or permitting it. I
On Carnegie’s coffin were plain
handles of gunmetal, plain black
cloth, and a plate of solid silver.
That piece of silver, worth, per¬
haps, a dollar and a half, was all
that he took into the grave with
him. That ought to make some
other rich men' think.
To Carnegie and every other
rich man may be applied the words
of a well-known; epitaph:
‘‘That I spent, that I had,
That I gave, that I have,
That I left, that I lost.
A. I)., 1579 ”
Or, as the Jewish proverb has it:
“What you give in health Is
gold, what you give in sickness is
silver, what you give after death
is iron.”
AUC 29 7 I9
$350,000,000 His Total Gifts in
Life—-Will Shows Family Was
Cared For Before His Death
ESTATE LEFT
Carnegie Corporation Will Handle
$25,000,000 Residuary Legacy
for Education and Philanthropy
Andrew Carnegie’s will, disposing
of about $30,000,000, was filed yester¬
day in the Surrogates’ Court and ad¬
mitted to probate immediately by
Surrogate Fowler.
His counsel, Elihu Root, Jr., said
Mr. Carnegie made gifts during his ;
life totaling more than $350,000,000
eo that he really did divest himself
of his grekt fortune for the- benefit
of mankind, as lie Jong ago said that
he would.
The bulk of property, once esti¬
mated at about half, a billion, was
transferred without the payment of
any transfer taxes to the estate. The
provisions of the. transfer tax. law,
which: would have levied a tax of
many millions on the vast funds of
Carnegie had Ifie funds been trans¬
ferred by reason of his death to other
than charitable and educational in¬
stitutions, will not affect his estate.
HAD PROVIDED FOR WIFE.
^During his lifetime be transferred
to his wife a portion of his fortune.
In his will he wrote:
“Having years ago made pro¬
vision for my wife beyond her de¬
sires and ample to enable her to
provide for our beloved daughter,
Margaret, and being unable to judge
at present what provision for our
daughter will best promote her
happiness, I leave to her mother the
duty of providing for her as her
mother deems best. A mother’s love
will be the best guide.”
When Mr. Carnegie testified before
the Stanley Committee of the United
States Senate in the steel trust in¬
vestigation of 1912 he said he.had sold
his own holdings to the steel corpora¬
tion for $430,000,000. He added "what
a fool'* he was to sell for that figure
when, if heAhad field on a little
longer, he might, have obtained an ad
ditlonai hundred million.
The will accounts for $380,000,000—
the $850,000,000 he gave away and
the $30,000,000 estimated as the total
value of the estate. .
$50,000,000 GIVE* WIFE,
The $380,000,000 subtracted from the
$430,000,000 which he said he got for
his steel holdings would leave a bal¬
ance of $50,000,000. This, it was sug¬
gested by those who studied the will,
represented the amount given to Mrs.
Carnegie.
The steel magnate named the Chr-
negie Corporation, incorporated by
act of the New York State Legisla¬
ture June 9 1911, as his residuary
legatee. This corporation is distinct
.the Q ai ne gie, i'oun lation for_the
Advanceme n r of • ■ Teaoltf 'Hg? ,| ''' |,,, lW , gl. , r -
negie Corporation is broader In its
purposes, its funds being available
for edv cation, charity and philan¬
thropy. Andrew Carnegie was presi¬
dent and Elihu Root and Robert. A.
Franks are vice-presidents. The
residuary legacy to this corporation
probably will amount to about
$25,000,000.
WIDOW GETS MANSION.
Mr. Carnegie signed two duplicate
wills and codiciis on February 13,
1912,- In the codicil ho directed that
5 is daughter, Margerc-t, now M”s, Ros¬
well Miller, should possess all his
real estate and certain,persi-nal prop-
, ©rty in the event that Mr,s, Carnegie
| pre-deceased him. As this event dll'
j not occur, Mrs., Louise Whitfield Car-
i megie, widow, will have the use of
the Carnegie mansion in Fifth avenue,
j the Carnegie Summer home at Lenox’
i Mass., and Sklbo Castle, (Scotland’,
I with testamentary disposition at her
' death. A provision in the will also
J Ifives her any property of the estate
Which, falls of transfer to the legatee
j 'by reason of . legal bars.
The Home Trust Company, a Ho-
1 fooken corporation authorized to act
j ; fus executor in this State, is named as
| executor and trustee with Robert A.
' Franks, secretary to Carnegie and a
| vioe-president in all of the Carnegie'
corporations. The will provides pay¬
ment of $100,000 to the executors in
lieu of all commissions.
1 SERVANTS REMEMBERED.
; Bequests to institutions include the,
following: Cooper Union, $60,000
(making a total of $760,000 given hyp
him to tnis institution); Hampton In¬
stitute, $300,000; Steyens Institute,|
$100,000; Pittsburgh University, $200,-;
000; St. Andrews Society,, of New
j York, $100,00O “to improve my gift.”,
Annuities to individuals include:
: George Irvine, bu.tler, retired, a pen- ;
sion equal to half his salary; Mrs.
Nicol, housekeeper; Fannie Lockerbie,' j
nurse; Maggie Anderson, oldest ser¬
vant, each one-half salary annually,
i To household servants, of four years’ 1
service, $000 each; eight years’ ser*;
vice, $1,200; fifteen years’ service,:'
$2,000.
Married nephews or nieces, $10,000,
each; unmarried, $0,000 each; Stela,
5ister-in-law, $10,000; Harry, brotner- ;.
'n-law, $10,000; Maggie Lauder, Anna
Lauder, Mrs. George, cousins, $5,000
each; Alexander . King, George King,
; S. H. Church, W. J. Holland, Mr. Ham-
merslag, Miss West, Douglas Stewart,
Mrs. Beatty, William Frew, Mr. Wil-
mot, Mrs. D. A. Stewart, each $5,000.
Margaret B. Wiison, of the Normal
College, New York City; George W.
Cable, President Woodward, of the
'Carnegie Foundation, each $5,000;
Henry S. Pritchett, $10,000; Homer D.
Bates, Mrs.. James F. Wilson, $5,000
each; James Bertram, $10,000; John
Morley, London; Claude S: Carnegie,
each $10,000; Hew Morrison, Edin¬
burgh ,and iHardle Factor, of Ski'bo
each $5,000. in each instance the
amount is an annuity.
i Pittsburgh Heirs
Nearly All Men,
PITTSBURGH, Aug.: 28.—‘The ma-
| jority of the Pittsburgh beneficiaries
'of the. Carnegie will are men who
i have been carrying on Mr. Carnegie’s
i educational efforts in this vicinity.
Gne exception is Mrs. D. A. Stewart,
widow of a former partner in the steel
, business from 1875 to 1888. |:-i
Douglass Stewart, her son, is assist¬
ant director of the Carnegie Museum.,
Dr, W, J. Holland is director.
John W. Beatty is the, director of
; fine arts of the Carnegie Institute.
He conducted the international art
'exhibits of works of the world's fore-
i most artists up to the entrance of
America into the war,
| 'Samuel H. 'Church, secretary of the
'Pennsylvania Lines West, is presi¬
dent of the board of trustees of the j
;Carnegie- Institute. F. M. Wilmot is
i general manager .qf the Carnegie j
'Hero Fund - Commission, which lias
!spent hundreds of thousands in rec-|
jOgnition of heroism; and in educatin r j;
j accredited hproes. *,
_
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 40-42 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
THE
NEW YORK HERALD
4 -
AUC 12 ; !9
MR. ANDREW CARNEGIE DIES AT HIS
COUNTRY HOME, LENOX, MASS., OF
SUDDEN ATTACK OF PNEUMONIA
Rapid Development of Attack
Prevents Him Saying Fare¬
well to Household.
NEWS A SURPRISE AND
SHOCK TO NEIGHBORS
vlass of Messages of Sorrow Received
at House from All Parts
of the Country.
SUGGEST ED OWN EPITAPH.
“Here lies a man who knew how to
enlist in his service better men than
himself.”—Mr. Carnegie's suggestion
for an epitaph on his own tomb.
DENOX, Mass., . Monday..—Andrew Car¬
negie, multi-millionnaire and philanthro¬
pist, one-time,ironmaster and leading ad¬
vocate of peace among nations, died here
today. He was in his eighty-fourth year.
The end came a, little after seven.o’clock
in the morning at his summer home,
Shadow Brook, where Mr. Carnegie had
been since last May, seeking seclusion
when the horrors of the world war weighed
heavily upon him. His daughter, Mar¬
garet, wife of Ensign Roswell Miller, was
0)4 her way here from her summer home
at Millbrook, X. Y., when her father
died.
Mr. Carnegie, who had given to charities
more than $350,000,009, was compelled
against his will to remain indoors since
last Friday, suffering from what was at
first diagnosed as a severe cold. It was
announced that he was remaining under
fhe care of the nurses who had been in
attendance upon hmi most of the time
since his arrival at Shadow Brook, and
that there was no fear- that the illness
would prove fatal.
Develops Bronchial Pneumonia.
The .trouble developed into bronchi?!
pneumonia,, and this disease proved too
;much for the enfeebled condition of the
aged, 'patient Mrs. Carnegie and John
.Royton, his private secretary, were' sum¬
moned to his bedside by the nurses early
in the morning,.and Mr. Carnegie expired
at ten minutes after seven o’clock.
Announcement was made late in the
afternoon that the funeral would bq held;
, from the house here on Thursday and
; would be private.
No ostentation will mark .the funeral of
; the man who, • when he began eighteen
j years ago to give away his millions, was!
I rated as having the second largest private 1
fortune in America, A simple service, at-
j 1 ended, only by members of his family and:
! his household, will be held at the home.
The Rev. Dr. William Pierson Merrill,
pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church,
New York, of which Mr. Carnegie was a
member, will officiate at the funeral. Dr.
Merrill will be assisted by the Rev. Ben¬
son N. Wyman, of the Beriox Congrega¬
tional Church, Avhere Mrs. Carnegie has
a pew. It fis understood here that the
body will be taken by special train direct
to Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, near Tarry-
town, where Mr. Carnegie acquired a lot
several years ago. Ensign Miller and Mrs.
Carnegie’s secretary, A. C. Barrow, started
for New York late this afternoon tyy auto-
;mobile. to perfect the arrangements for
!th.e funeral and burial.
Mrs. Carnegie, although overcome with
1 grief at the comparatively sudden death of
! her husband, bore the shock bravely.- Her
iphysician skid tonight that she had re-
| covered sufficient strength to make it pos¬
sible for her to go through the ordeal of
the private funeral service. She was not
equal, however, to , the task of directing
final arrangements for the service and
i burial.
Andrew Carnegie
pVneci James J.SuHLvan>N.YHeraM,
News Startles Community.
In spite of Ms advanced years, Mr.
Carnegie’s death startled the summer
colony. Until Friday, he was seen al¬
most daily driving or taking short walks
about his grounds. On several occasions
he had enjoyed 'his favorite .sport, fish¬
ing, on Lake Mahkeenac, which adjoins
the Carnegie property.
Most of his neighbors who saw him fre¬
quently failed to realize his declining phy¬
sical condition. It was two hours before
news of his death became known. Im¬
mediately the summer residents began to
;end their messages of inquiry and con¬
dolence by telegraph and telephone. Many
of Mr. Carnegie’s neighbors . drove their
automobiles to 'Shadow Brook* to offer ex¬
pressions of sympathy in person.
According to members of the household.
Mr. Carnegie had hoped to go. to Sfeibo
Castle, liis home in Scotland, early this
but . changed - his .'niind when he
learned that under the regulations of the
British government he would be unable,
to take the retinue of servants he desired,
the regulations limiting him to one auto¬
mobile and one chauffeur.
Bfans of Messages Received.
A mass of telephone and telegraph mes¬
sages of condolence from persons of
prominence in all parts of the country
had accumulated at Shadow Brook to¬
night. Until Mrs. Carnegie is able to read
these toinorrow the names of the senders
will not be made public.
Dr. Brace W. Paddock, of Pittsfield,
who attended Mr. Carnegie in liis last ill¬
ness and had visited him frequently
throughout the summer, said tonight that
[his patient was in a very feeble state when '
many' years/ At times hik"spim vu
his strength and it was necessary for
those 'r-esponsible for Jus qare to restrain
him:; When he wanted to drive in his au¬
tomobile or fish in Bake Mahkeenac he
sought permission from liis physician with |
a persuasiveness that was hard to deny.
The last of the many' good “news
stories” of which th* ironmaster had been
the central figure had to do with an un¬
usually good catch of fish, the adventure
being related with “the pride of a true
sportsman.
Mi\, Carnegie proved an easy prey to a
. cold 'contracted last Thursday and after a
,i futile attempt to shake it off he took to
his bed the following day. On Saturday
bronchial pneumonia developed ^ rapidly
i; despite the most thorough efforts to stay
it. Date Sunday night* the aged man
lapsed into unconsciousness and remained
so until the,end. f
In his last-days, whatever his thought®
may have been, Mr. Carnegie appeared -
las one far removed' from the. affairs of l
the world in which so great,|
! a vMn for more tliMi' 'ittm■.■arektgo life- :
Yrria. To his phyatejAn be spoke',only of j
h’ v health and the! mode of living ,besf
I suited to it. IIo altyaya appeared; placer*
jt'ul. - ’ 1 - ■ v ■ ■
"Mr. Carnegie,”'said Dr. Paddock; "was ;
I exceedingly feeble wiifen'he arrived at his
! summer home inether;spring. .T kept, in
iconsiant touch lyith' hjm and. although
'ho a'pilbared chcct’fUl at all tithes he did
jnot gain in strength. His'condition rvas’
.'such that when he was stricken w ith
i bronchial pneumonia he did.not have the
I strength to resist,” . .......
No OpportiuiUy for Farenell.
The illness developed' in such a way
te returned to his summer home jn the i I t ] 1at tbere - v ^ s ; n q opportunity for Mr.
'spring. i ! **ai negio to have ujjy,iaiew elkv’ords' with
i At that time, it was evident to his inti-:l|Lj 11()mbers of thc lio'ustjiipld.” g .
Imates that the ohee great: industrial leader i.: T1)C dark i a p c utHUnoUpla.m/i f hfch had
was a broken man and that any slight in-W become dear to Mr. Carnegie because of
disposition might have a fatal termination.ii, u , constant remij’iders of his beloved
However, the air of the Berkshires and ,; 1JiRhland pills and ,-lochs;. looked' tonight
the seclusion afforded in his beautifuDes-h ' oua s( , ene oC Mncly. grandeur. Around the
tate appeared to have a beneficial effect t v i iin( 4tone pilp of Shadow
upon him and he exhibited occasional jj -Z a ' ted t 6 be. tlie 'seeppd largest
flashes- of the old exuberance tn ®^ prnate residence In Nmcrica, no’ guards
made him a ; cheerful companion foi &0; ] were '.needed to induce the people, of the
countryside and the ocbupant'.s' ©f the'
summer villas to respect' thq - privacy,
-which they instinCRyejy understood'- -would
be desired by Mis., Cdrn.egie, 4nd. her :
daughter. 4
A butler was stapohod at- the eiitrance'
to admit the few who called and who
werfe received byrJohn Poytoii, Mr. Car¬
negie’s secretary, and'to care tor the, tele¬
grams' which me&enger . boys brought
every few minutes up to a laic hour. >
Yf.'was chiefly due - to .Mrs. Chrae^ie’s;
description of Shadow Brook, ,afI;dr a trip,
to Vhe estate in the early ..'summer of 1917,
aB bearing "a strong 1 re$embla'ue to .the'
country around Ski bo.! Castle,; that live iron-,
master decided to purchase-Ihe- groye^.ihir
mediatedy about the hOusp.
Mr Carnegie had: repeatedly expressed
delight at the quiet' pleasures of Shadow
Brook. Those avIto were : /close -tor-him;
believed it fitting that the. e,ml of his long!
and crowded life should!have' come here, j
Mr, Carnegie found a refuge at S.liadow
Brook two years, ago, having purchased it ‘
from the estate of Anson Phelps Stokes.I
The house contains/100 rooms. It was the I
first country place /owned by him ini
America. Previously he had spent his,
vacations at Skibo Castle. When he pur¬
chased the -Lenox property it was an-’
nounced that neither he nor any member
of his familjl probably would ever again i
visit Skibo because of changes, physical
and sentimental, caused by the war.'
The marriage of Mr, Carnegie’s onlj;
daughter; Margaret, on April 23 last, to
Ensign Roswell Miller; U. s! N.,. was the
last social affair the aged philanthropist;
and peace advocate attended. The cere-:
mony, was performed at Mr. Carnegie’s
town house'in the presence of 100 guests,':
the bride standing in a floral bower and'
Scotch bagpipes playing, in accordance
with her father’s Avish.
The bridegroom, son of a former presi- ■
dent of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St.
Paul Railroad, Avho died in 1913, had not |
completed his college course Avhen Avar ■
was declared. In 1916 he left Stevens
Institute, in IToboken, where he Avas tali-,,
ing a course in civil engineering, to drive,
an -anVbuIanee in France, and vyhen the
United Stales beca'me in^dived ' entered
(he Navy a& an obsigri 1 . : ‘7
Heiress to Millions.
It was : 'said ;at . : the; .tiine.;of the,! .w,o,d-
■ diiig .that after the., honeymoon Mr. Mil¬
ler and- his ..bride- Aybitjdy-gd- 'lo - Prince-’
t'pp, N.-.T,, wlieje •he.-.AVould: epm-piete his
.studies before entering upon, a profession¬
al carper. Mrs. Miller,-who is heiress, : to
.her father’s million^,-is. twenty-two- years
old. Her husband is two years, her senior.
Identified, so Jong, with the .inte’rnatiQriaf
peace- movement, Mr. Carnegie -was said
to have been more ■ severely' affected- by
the World war ‘than most men. It came
as 4- hard blow: to him. and; the, cause
which he had so close at heart, ...
Owing to his ill’ - health ..Mr.- Carnegie /for
sonic timp had led a seeluded life, and liis;
Withdrawal-■ front -ail public activities gave 1
rise',:to. frequent statements concerning his
health." After .liis' retirfe}nent :,he ‘was: coni-;
polled to limit the number-of Jiis daily
visitors and uri'til his last Illness lie met and ,
spoke, with only a few- of bis. ofdest and
closest ffiends. Mr. Carnegie’s physician i
decided - lie frequently: overtaxed . his,
strength by- seeing -all' ‘callers - at his. Fifth |
avenue homo, . ..j
- Shortly belote Mr. Carnegie’s death a>
recapitulation' was prepared arid , pub¬
lished of the work of ' the GarnegiC' Foun¬
dation for the Adv4rrcement. of Teaching,
his first, and*ope'.of .‘his’lar&efet benefac¬
tions. The 'Foundation !'Waa -created in
1905,.. primarily. -for- the payment of pen-
sxons to teachers and professors in the
schools and private ■universities of tin
.United States, Canada arid Newfound¬
land-, and; in the thirteen years -ending :
November, 1913, had paid 798 allowances
an d\ pensions,- amounting to* a total of
$6,260,500. '.
The Foundation was endowed with
$10,000,000 at its. creation and .an additional
'$5,000,000 waS gi.veif 'by Mr.: Garhegie in
190S; to- enlarge its' «Co^e so aS to' include j
Stale 'universities. : In -1913,' the founder'!
: made another gift- of .$l,250f0QO to the in¬
stitution, for the specific-•purpose' of en-i
dowingka division of educational inquiry:
for '.research' into methods of. teaching:
. and the study of oducatioxiar problems.
MR. ANDREW CARNEGIE DIES
AT HIS COUNTRY HOME FROM
SUDDEN ATTACK OF PNEUMONIA
MR. CARNEGIE’S GIFTS $350,695,653.
Andrew Carnegie had given away
$300,695,653 up to June 1, 1918,:! ac¬
cording to. a compilation of his bene-
factions prepared by the. Carnegie En¬
dowment for International Peace. He
j is said to have died Avith only about
| $30,000,000 left. His principal gifts
[ are summarized as follows:—
flarnegie Corporation of New York,
! $125,000,000. - k
j • About 3,000 library buildings,' $60, -
! 000 , 000 .
j: College endowments, $17,000,000.
Church organs,’ $0,000,OOOi
■ Carnegie Institution, Washington,'' D.
C., $22,000,000.
Carnegie Foundation for the Advance¬
ment of Teaching, $16,000,000.
Carnegie Institute at Pittsburg,
$13,000,000.
Caihegio Institute of Technology;
$10,600,000.
Carnegie Hero Fund, $10,000,000.
Endowment for International Peace,
$ 10 , 000 , 000 .
Steel workCrs’ pensions, $4,000,000.
Church Peace Union, $2,000,000.
Hague Peace PalacC' $1,500,000.
AUG 12 ’19
MR. CARNEGIE’S DEATH A SHOCK
TO HIS OLD FRIENDS; HUNDREDS
SEND MESSAGES OF TRIBUTE
Although Mr.'Carnegie, had been an in¬
valid since 191.7, Avhen he suffered, an at¬
tack. of grippe, the neWs'of his; death w&fe
a shock to old friends and former business
associates in this pity. SinCe: his, previous
serious illness he had been under the care
of two nurses.
Men of finance 'who. had beeni interested
with;: Andrew Carnegie in liis ,;venlures' in
steel and those who took, part ,or merely
were interested in his vast'philanthropies
vied with one another yesterday in paying
ar.bute to the memory of the great Scotch-
Ax-ierlcan The tributes came from all
parts of the country. Follotving are some
of.'tliem*-
George W. Perkins, a -chairman of the
Finance Committee of the ; Carnegie
Foundation‘ ‘He. was a very great
American. In one of the last talks I had
with .him he expressed the belief that the
principle of profitsharing was destined to
be aigreat factor in solving, existing prob¬
lems between, capital aiid labor.” '
“Name Will Bast for Atvcs.’’
James B. Clews, of JJenry Clews & Co.,
bankersV-‘‘The name of AndreAv Carnegie
Avill last for many ages to come, not only
as tAe foremost iron merchant, but for lxis
great works of philanthropy for the; bene¬
fit of mankind. Mr. Carnegie not .’only was
h great moneymaker, but lie : was also a
*>real spender in the right direction.”
Co.:—“He first achieved a great success
in industry, , a success which he shared
liberally with his capable lieutenan ts, and
then devoted his fortune and his .energy-
to the causes of education and peace. His
were -.vise gifts of enduring A-aluc and ser¬
vice.”
Charles M. Schwab‘‘The.;'woxId lias
lost: a great man and a great benefactor
to humanity. It would be difficult for me
to find words to express my love and ad¬
miration for Mr. Carnegie,my friend, my
partner and associate for forty years. !
“He Was the: greatest man I ever knew,
and he had a heart so filled with tender
sentiment,: especially with reference to his
associates, as to make him beloved, las 1
well as admired, by all those Avho came
into business or social.contact with him, !
Faculty of Inspiring Others, i
“Mr. Carnegie possessed the faculty of
inspiring others to unusual efforts in a,
greater measure than any mail I ever
knew, and he always Avon by expressions'
of appreciation, rather than by criticism. _
I have lo^ta,friend greater, than whorti jjno'
man ever had.”
James Bertram, secretary of the Carne¬
gie 'Corporation“Mr. Carnegie Avas my
best friend. For twenty years I was in¬
timately associated with him and his kind¬
ness was unfailing. I. saw him for the last
time a few months ago and in-spite of his
age I. had no' idea.;the end was go near.”
SHADOW &\
M K .CARHEGIE.& HOME ec& LENO/ t MASS
AUC 12 19
MR- CARNEGIE’S ADVANCE FROM
POVERTY TO WEALTH FOLLOWED
BY HIS GIVING AWAY$350,000,000
Andreev Carnegie’s marvellous advance
from ■p0v.efty. and\o.^s.cttr 1 ity-to the mastery
of One of .the 1 ’.wofldis greatest fortunes
illustrates better-perhaps than the career
of any other man, unless it be that of i/is
contemporary, John D. Rockefeller, the
possibilities of pecuniary progress under
the broad aegis of American institutions.
But Andrew Carnegie's niche in the
>temple of fame will be determined less by
his phenomenal success, in the amassing of
wealth than by hi? princely munificence
j in parting with it. Within less than twen-
jty years he has given away in various
i beneficences and philanthropies no less
j than' $330,000,000. I f . the world’s history at-
fords any parallel; of suclf lavish giving
from the fortune of a private citizen, the
.writer of this sketch of -the man whom
his friends delighted to call ‘‘The. star
Spangled Scotchman” fails to recall it.
Mr. Carnegie at the time of his death was
the holder of numerous honors and decora¬
tions bestowed upon him by rulers and
■ peoples all over the- world. He received
■ as a result of his benefactions abroad the
j freedom of fifty-four Cities in Great Britain
jand Ireland. Altogether he endowed 3,000
municipal libraries- in the United-States in
addition to . his other numerous piiiian-
; ithropic enterprises.,
j He was Lord Rector of St. Andrew’s Uni¬
versity from 3903 to 1907 and of Aberdeen
^University from 1912 to 1914 and held the
■ honorary degree of doctor of laws from
the universities of .Glasgow, Edinburgh,
Birmingham, Manchester, McGill, Brown,
Pennsylvania, Cc^Sli'iand other American
colleges.
i Mi. Carnegie was a member of numerous
philosophical,, civic and scientific bodies,
■ among them the American Institute of
Architects, the American Society of Mc-
jehanical: Engineers; the,-American Instil ut©
of Mining Engineers, the National Civic
Federation, the American Philosophic So¬
ciety.and the New York- Chamber of Com- 1
merce. He was a corhmahder of the Legion
of Honor of France and had also received
.the Grand Crosses-, Order of Orange
Nassau afid the Order of Dajjjgbrog. He
was a memppr pf the JUupon .League, New
.York-Yacht, Author's, Lotos, St. Andrew^
Riding and Indian''Harbor Yacht clubs.
Andrew. Carnegie began a race against
time-when, in 1901. at, the age of sixty*
five,, he resolved to. give away his. enor¬
mous fortune. He held it "disgraceful”
j for a man to keep on gathering 1 idle mill- ;
. ions. ■ , In, the. comparatively few years j
; which the actuary could' allow him he
j would disembarrass himself of practically |
all he had. No man had ever launched a
philanthropic campaign of such dimensions.
Away $50,000 a Bay.
^ His was then a fortune of; just about a
I quarter pillion dollars, the largest ever ac-
! qutired by a foreign'born American,' second
1 only to t.be John D. Rockefeller wealth as
■ the largest individual accumulation in the
j United States, and built, as it was, of five
|per cent Steel bonds it would, without so
j much as turning over, one’s hand, have ap-
■proached a half billion by the time Mr.
; Carnegie could call himself an octogen-
|arian on' November 25, 19:15.
To give this stupendous . sum away in
about half the time be had-fatten to; gather
; it • was a purpose Mr. Carnegie had fairly
j Well fulfilled . when death’ overtook him.
Ho had distributed about $400,CQO,00&. He
was giving money, away at the rate of
\ more than-$20,000,000 a year, or more than
j $50,000- a 'day.
! He declared, when he gave up gathering
wealth and announced an era of distribu¬
tion, that he expected to find it more diffi¬
cult to give his millions away than it had
jbeen .to acquire them. “Plow would you
give $300,000,000 away?” became such ■ a
popular query that an-English advertiser
who employed it received no less than
!■ 45,000 suggestions as to how Mi’. Car¬
negie could rid himself of his wealth.
! Twelve thousand persons solved the prob-
| lem in part by asking for some of the
; money for themselves,
j The answer which Mr. Carnegie himself
|gave. and backed up with his millions
Jhave made him the' most original if not the 1
greatest of philanthropists.
Before he went to Scotland in 1901 he
’eft letters announcing gifts of $9,000,000.
tlis first big gift was the setting aside
jf $4,000,000 to supply pensions and relief
-or the injured and aged employes of his
steel plants—“an acknowledgment of the
ieep debt which I owe to ' the ’ workmen
vho have contributed so greatly to my
success.” He mldcd an extra million for
he Support of libraries for his workmen
and .took up his library hobby in a whole-
ale way by giving $5,200,-00$ to New York
'ity. for the cre’ction of sixty-five branch
ibraries in the metropolis. Another mill¬
ion he gave for a library in St." Louis.
A- $53,000,000 for 'Libraries.
“I have just begun to give money away,”
he said in announcement of these gifts,
tie kept it up as fast as he'could with
(lisci'imination. ,6n libraries alone he
spent upward of $53,000,000. He gave
them to some two thousand:, English, speak¬
ing communities throughout the . world.
One of his. libraries is in the Fiji Islands.
He remembered Pittsburg, the scene of
his steel; making triumphs, by establish¬
ing there a great institute, including the
largest of his libraries,' a museum, a mag¬
nificent 'concert hall and the Carnegie
technological school, with a total endow-
ment of $ 16,6 09,00 0, ■
He built a 'great- national institution" in
Washington, which should be the foun¬
tain head of advanced work in “investiga¬
tion, research and discovery,” and placed
in the hands df its trustees a total en¬
dowment of $20,000,000.
To l>is dative Scotland his largest Single
gift Was a fund of $10,000,000' to aid edu¬
cation in' Scottish universities. ^
He carried, out his' pet idea of a hero
commission, endowed in 1905 with' $5,000,-
000, by; which' hundreds of men, women
and children have been rewarded with
Carnegie medals- or pensions .'for acts of
heroism in the fescue of imperilled per¬
sons. hie later extended similar ^benefac¬
tions to several foreign countries.
He established „the Carnegie Foundation
for the Advancement of Teaching^ with .a;
total fund of $15,000,000, which has taken
up efficiency surveys of educational work,
aided many institutions and provided
pensions for college professors. In 1911
he capitalized his educational’ benevolences
so that liis gifts to libraries, colleges- and
other instiutionsr should live after him by
establishing, the Carnegie Corporation,
a fund of $25,000,000. In 1912 lie
swelled ’the fund of the> Carnegie Corpora¬
tion tq $125,000,000.
For Abolition of War.
One of his latest ideals was the aboli¬
tion of war, a-hope that he cherished in
the face of dir© in temational conflicts.
He gave $10,000,000 toward an international
peace fund, and built the Peace Palace at
The Hagu e, which was dedicated in 1913.
He gave $750,000 for the Bureau of Ameri¬
can Republics at Washington.
His love of music -proved him to ,equip
hundreds , of churches and institutions
with organs. He never gave directly any
large sum to religious purposes. Of his
organ gifts he said he would hold himself]
responsible for what the organ pealed
forth on Sunday, but not'for what might'
be said in the pulpit. One of his earliest I
gifts, as tar Jiack as 1$91. was the Car- |l
negie Music Hall in New Torx, at a cost
of $2,000,000, and as president of the NCw
York Philharmonic Society lie spent his
money liberally in furthering ’its ideals.
He also liberally-^backed the Pittsburg’
Orchestra.
, To the Allied Engineers’ Societies, he
gave $2,000,000. His small gifts to colleges
exceeded $20,000,000. No man at his death
left such a 'scattered, series, om monuments
j to perpetuate Mis'ipenaory.
Among Mr.- Carnegie's more recent gifts
| were $2,000,000, on February'.10,-1914, to th®
]Church Peace .Union; $100,000 in April, 1914 v ;
I as a pension fund for the; employes of'the
New York Zoological Society; $100,000'one
month later to the “Lighthouse” for thb
blind bf New York city, and in April, 1915,-
$2,700,000 to the Carnegie Institute. ’ - j
Bis Idea of “Disgrace” In Wealth.
Mr.'Carnegie’s utterance concerning .the
disgrace of dying burdened with too much i
wealth has been so frequently garbled tliat
it may be well to quote just what lie saicT
on that subject,- Here"it is:—
“I have often said, and I now repeat,
that the day is coming, and already we
see its dawn, in which the man who dies
possessed of millions of available wealth |
which was free and in his hands ready. •
to; be . distributed will, die disgraced. Of, ;
course, I do not mean that the man in ].
business may not be stricken down with
his Capital in the business which cannot,
be withdrawn, for capital is the tool with
Which he works 1 his wonders and produces
more wealth. I refer to the man who dies
possessed - of millions of securities which
held simply for! the intere'stdhey pro¬
duce, that ho may add to his hoard of
miserable dollars.” „ : ;
In the background of these twenty years .,
of philanthropy there is the familiar story'
of Scotch thrift, a little luck, and, 1 steel) I
which made such generosity possible.
Mr. Carnegie was fond of telling the
story himself. Rapidly covered, it was'
this:—His first penny he, earned' unex¬
pectedly as a child when he astonished'
his schoolmaster, in Dunfermline by recit¬
ing, Burns’ long poem, “Alan Was Made
to Mourn,” without; a break. There is an
anecdote of how, when asked in Sunday •
| school to recite a proverb from Scripture,
Ithe ;,youn;g Scot unwittingly forecast liis
j own fortune by giving the homely advice, ■
j “Look after the pence and the pounds will
take care of themselves.”
Family Near Destitution.
Andrew' was twelve in 1848,. when his
father, a master weaver <*f Dunfermline,
Scotland, was brought' almost to destitu¬
tion.' The steam ioohis- drove him out
of business. The family numbered four,
ncluding “Andy” and his younger brother,;
William. The parents decided to emigrate
to America; whence some relatives had
preeded them with success. They settled
at Allegheny City, Pa., across the river
from Pittsburg, in 1848. The father and
Andrew found work .in a cotton factory,
the son as bobbin boy. It was his first
rork. The pay was $1.20 a week. He Was
soon promoted, at a .slight advance, to-
engineer’s assistant. He stoked the boilers
and ran the engine in the factory. cellar.
In those dingy quarters, where he worked
twelve - hours a day, came the inspiration
that later led to his, library benefactions, ■
he' said. A Colonel Anderson, possessed
of some 409 books, announced, that he;
would open his libraryAvery "Saturday and
allow boys to borrow any books they'
pleased. Young Carnegie was one of the
(most eager readers.
“Only he who has longed as I did for.
Saturday to come;” he has said, “can un¬
derstand what Colonel Anderson did for
me and other -boys of Allegheny. Is It
any wonder that I resolved, if ever sur¬
plus wealth came to me, I.would use it
' imitating my benefactor?”
Mr. Carn«&ie, in grateful remembrance
of his old „benefactor, has raised a me- ,
morial to Colonel Anderson in the library j
building which he presented'to Emporia !
College, Kansas, and also a monument in !
• his honor in Allegheny City Park.
There has been much praise and also no j
little hostile criticism of the ironmaster’s
; hobby for giving away libraries. His gifts I
of this character were made always on
the condition that the institution, once pre¬
sented, must be supported by the people of
' thb community which was to enjoy its use,
and that its use must be free. Of this par¬
ticular specialty a friend of the Scotch!
ironmaster has said :—
‘‘The giving of libraries is his great
pleasure and recreation. I have seen his j
eyes sparkle over a letter received from
the people who have worked out the library
problem in their town by his help and have
got the institution running and doing much
gopd. His pleasure in actually seeing the ,
good that a library has accomplished
through the efforts of others added to the
original gift made by him is only equalled
by making a good drive on the golf links.” ;
Becomes Telegraph Messenger.
At fourteen the boy emerged from the
engine cellar and became a telegraph mes¬
senger. J. Douglas Reid, a Dunfermline
man, who had come to America early, was :
head of the office and he made Andrew
his prot6g<5. Telegraphy was then almost
: a new art. Nobody ventured to read the
dots and dashes by sound. All were im¬
pressed on tape. The boy is said to have
been the third operator in the United,
States to accomplish the feat of reading!
messages by sound alone. He practised;
mornings before the regular operators!
began work.
‘‘One day a death message signal came,”
! hesreiated, ‘‘before the .operators.arrived. ■
. In those days death messages were the
mOst important messages we handled. I
ventured to take this one.”
He did it correctly and delivered the!
1 elegram before the regular for.ee was on
duty. It won for him promotion to the j
key and soxinder. When the Pennsylvania!
Railroad put up a telegraph wire of its |
■ own he became clerk under the divisional
superintendent, Thomas A. Scptt. His"
wages jumped to $35 a month.. ‘‘My. Scott,”
he , observed, “was then receiving $1215 a
' month, and I used to wonder what on
earth he could do with so much money.” j
He was sixteen years old . when his ;
! father died, and he became at once the j
breadwinner for the family and a true
capitalist. He had jjeen told by his em-|
ilployer that ten shares of Adams Express!
V, stock, could he had for $500 and that it was ‘
•••a good investment. At a family, council;
that night Mr. Carnegie’s 'mother decided
.5 she would mortgage her little home forj
$500. The stock was bought, aud it brought;
nninthly dividends of one per cent. |
“I can see that first check of $10 dividend! 1
. money noW,” he said when he became a j
retired ironmaster with millions. “It Was!
■: something new to all of us, for none of!
us. ever had received anything but from
' tori.”
Pioneer in Sleeping- Car Business.
The next step toward independence and
fortuii. came when T. T. Woodruff, the
. inventor of the sleeping car, approached,
him with a model of the invention. “He!
had not spoken to me a minute,” Mr. Car¬
negie since recalled, “before, like a flash, j
the whole range • of its value burst upon
me. ‘Yes,’ I said, ‘that is something which ;
this continent must'have.’ ” !
He consulted Mr. Scott, afterward;
president of the Pennsylvania Railroad;
Company, and. the three invested for. the
manufacture of the cars. Mr. Carnegie,!
then earning $50 monthly, had to borrow;
$200 as his first instalment of capital, hut
later when he sold out his interest to
the Pullman company he had realized;
$10>000 for the venture.
Describing this incident in his book,
“Triumphant Democracy,” Mr. Carnegie!
wrote:—
‘“Upon my return I laid it before .Mir.]
! Scott, declaring that it was one of the in¬
ventions of the age. He remarked:—‘You
are enthusiastic, young man, but you may
ask the inventor to come and let me see
it..’, I did so, and arrangements were made
co build two trial cars and run . them on
i:h© Pennsylvania Railroad. I was offered
ah! interest in. the vCnthre, which, of
course, 1 I gladly accepted. ■* * *
“The notice came that my share of the
first payment was $217.50—as far beyond!
my -means as if it had been millions. Ij
was earning $50 a'month, however, andj
had prospects, or at" least I always fel-t |
that I had. I decided to call on the local!
banker and boldly ask him to advance the!
su)ri upon my interest in the affair. He put
his hand on my shoulder and said:—iWhy,
of course, Andy, you are all tight. Go
ah'dad! Here is the money.’ * * * The
cars paid the subsequent payments from
their earnings. I paid m.y first note from,
my savings, so much per month, and thus]
did I get my foot upon fortune’s ladder.;
It was easy to climb after that. And thus |
cable sleeping cars into the world.'’
His Part in the Civil War. j
Mr. Carnegie was twenty-six when the
civil war broke out and he saw his old
employer and friend, MV. Scott, elevated
| to the post of Assistant Secretary of War. I
Mr. Carnegie in turn won an appointment f
as director of government railways and)
: telegraphs. To the carnage he saw at sev¬
eral battles may be traced his lifelong be¬
lief in the folly of warfare—“a blot upon
civilization,”
He had set to work with a large force;
of; men to repair the railroad between
Annapolis and Washington, communi¬
cation having been broken, and rode;
into" the capital on the first locomotive-
that made the journey. Between Elbridge
j Jiirt'Ction and Washington the Confeder¬
ates had pinned the telegraph wires to the ■
grounds thus grounding the current. Ob-
i serving this from the locomotive, Mr. Car-,
tiegie got down to release -them. The first'
wire unfastened bounced up' from the
(ground, striking him in the cheek and in-'
I'lidt-ing' a severe gash.
f He was in 1 charge of railway comm uni-!
! cation at the battle of Bull Run and was-
; thje last official .to leave Alexandria, where
there was’ much confusion in getting,
j across to Washington. While in the gov¬
ernment service he constructed a tele¬
graph cipher code to be used in transmit-
tifig orders for the despatch of troops by
railway.
| In June, 1862, Colonel Scott returned tq-
the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad
arid Mr. Carnegie Went with him. Soon
after this he “struck oil,” and “struck it
rich.”
He Invests in Oil.
iUnwittingly following the lead of a man
who later was to rival him in fortune
building, Mr. Carnegie, at thirty, unvested!
irt oil. As one of a syndicate he bought
up a, vast tract of Pennsylvania oil land.
In, a year, to the surprise of all the in¬
vestors, it. paid the astonishing r’eturn of
$f,000,000 in cash dividends upon a capital
o| $40,000.
Dut iron was the magnet then attract-!
itfg him. The railroads were experiment¬
ing . With cast iron bridges. Mr. Carnegie
foresaw' the demand for a factory that'
cbuld turn out the iron, parts, a'rtd he
formed -the Keystone Bridge Works. They j
! built as their first great piece a bridge
over the Ohio River, with a span of three
i hundred feet. Demand for similar struct-"
Ihpes became general, and the .Keystone!
Work's got big- orders and profits.
Mr. Carnegie then began to see that iron
.jrail# Ssust foe given' up for steel. On a
trip to England in'"1868 he discovered the
success being obtained there with the
Bessemer process. He quietly brought it
home, and before the English makers
were aware of the fact he had adopted it
in his mills.
The romance of his success was such !
that the immigrant hoy of 1848 became
some forty years later the world’s leading
producer of steel, a multi-millionnaire
himself, ( and fast bringing a score of other
men into the same category. Many square
(miles of his mills surrounded Pittsburg.
;ITe reached into Upper Michigan, seven
hundred miles away, and acquired vast
'regions of ore land. He established rail¬
way and steamship lines to bring the ore j
to him. He boasted of the reduction in
price of steel rails from $95 a ton to $26.
His critics held that even the lower
figure was maintained only by the fact
that he had monopolized the industry. A f
one-time secretary once divulged what !
was alleged to have been correspondence
to the effect that the Carnegie steel com¬
bination could sell rails at a profit as low
\as $12 a ton.
Eliminated from Steel.
It was certain that the grip which he
had upon the steel situation made his elim¬
ination necessary if others in quest of
wealth in steel were to realize the millions
they saw going to him. He was, accord¬
ingly, bought out in 1901. The syndicate,
headed By the-late J. P. Morgan, which;
desired to form the billion dollar United
States Steel Corporations, paid $420,000,000
in their five per cent bonds for the Car-!
negie company’s holdings.
“What a fool I was,” Carnegie later said!
in a hearing before a Congressional com-;
raittec at Washington, “to sell out to the!
Steel Corporation for only $420,000,000! I|
have’since learned, from the inside that I
could have received $.00,000,000 more from;
Mr. Morgah if .we had placed that value on;
our properties. ,Mr. Carnegie’s personal!
share in these holdingi)netted him about
$250,000,000. His first actual investment in:
iron had been $1,500 of borrowed money,
thirty-six years before.
“The secret and method of my success is
simple,” he Said. “I organized my bust-'
ness into departments. I put the best man’
I could find at the head of each depart-!
raent, held him responsible and judged him;
by Results. I have started more than fifty
men on the road to be millionnaires.” . I
Mr. Carnegie’s mother,, to whom he re¬
peatedly gave credit for all that he was, j
lived to be an octogenarian, and so de- 1
voted was he to her that he hesitated to
marry. In 1888, however, he married Miss j
Louise Whitefield, of New York, by whom '
he had one child, a daughter, Margaret, ;
lorn in 1897. His bride was twenty years .
his junior. Miss Margaret Carnegie was
married in April this year to Ensign Ros¬
well Millet?, U. S. N. :, ;
Credit to Associate*.
Mr. Carnegie once suggested as an ap¬
propriate epitaph for his own tomb this,
sentiment:-“Here lies a, man who knew
how to enlist in hjs service better-.men
than himself.” It is a fact that he always!
conceded a generous measure of credit "to
his business associates in the successful I
upbuilding of his vast enterprises' It is
also true that many of these associates
shared lavishly m the rewards. A list tvas
printed a few years ago in Pittsburg- of
the so-called “Carnegie-made million¬
naires.” It was generally accepted there
as authentic. These were the names it
bore:—
Henry Phipps. H. C. Prick, Thomas M
Carnegie, George Lauder, Charles M,
Schwab, Henry M. Curry, W. A. 'Singer,
Lawrence Phipps, A. R. Peacock, P. T. f’.
Love joy, James Qayley, Thomas Morri¬
son, William E. Corey, A. M. Moreland.
Daniel M.' Clemson, George H. Wightman,
John Walker, Charles L. Taylor, Alfred
R. Whitney', W. N. Frew, John C.' Plem- ’
ing, W. W. Blackburn, J. Ogden Hoffman,
Millard Hunsiker, G. E.i McCasugu'©, Janies
Scott, Joseph C. .Schwab, Thomas Lynch,:
Colonel IT. P. Bope, Colonel Lewis T.
Brown, Robert T. Vandervo'rt, .T. G. A.
Leishman, Philander C. Knox, Judge J. H.
Reed, William H. Dormer, David A. Stew¬
art, Andrew Kloman, Henry W. Oliver,
George T. Oliver, James B. Oliver, David
B. Oliver, Henry Merritt, Giles B. Bos-
wortii, Albert C. Case, A. C. Dinkey,
Charles W. Baker and Robert Pitcairn, j
As an American citizen Mr. Carnegie-
Established a magnificent home in New:
York, in Fifth avenue at Ninetieth street, I;
and at the same time negotiated the pur¬
chase of the celebrated Skibo Castle, in
Scotland. This mamtnoth baronial struc-l
tore he remodelled, taking some steel for]
the purpose from Pittsburg.? The estate, l :
comprising many square miles along the.
Highland coast of Scotland, has excellent-
grouse-moors and fishing brooks, in which
Mr; Carnegie delighted; a golf links whichi
he built and a pier off which he kept: his I?
yacht Seabreeze. One way mr another he
had crossed the ocean some hundred times,
and once he took a tour around the world.
On his Skibo Castle flagstaff he flew
both the Stars and Stripes and the Union
Jack, sewed together,
* In Newspaper Field.
Intermittently Mr. Carnegie made ready
use of his pen. His interviews with news-,
paper men invariably wound up with an|
envious remark such as, “I would like I
nothing better than to be a reporter.” He 1
wrote a little for the press in the days of j
Horace Greeley, and later owned a paper!
for a time.
His books numbered about a dozen, his'
first being a testimony to his love of,
coaching, “An American Four~in-Hand in!
Great Britain” (188?). The next year he:
wrote “Around the World.” Then “Tri¬
umphant Democracy,” a. review of fifty
years of the Republic. Upon his retire¬
ment from business, in 1901, he wrote “The
Gospel of Wealth,” and followed it with
“The Empire of Business.” In 1905 he,
once an engineer in the factory cellar,
wrote “The Life of James Watt,” the in¬
inventor of the steam engine. His most
recent wdrk was “Problems of To-Day.”
Attacks upon Mr. Carnegie were at one
time numerous. He was often accused of
having violated in practice what he had
so conspicuously preached in theory re¬
garding labor. He saw the* development
of workingmen’s unions and sometimes
was forced to concede their demands. He'
himself maintained that he had always
paid relatively higher, wages in his mills
than any other manufacturer.
His theory oil. this subject and others is
reflected ,at random in numerous bits of
epigrammatici phraseology culled from his
interviews, speeches and writings,
“The. instinct which led the slaveholder
to keep his slave in ignorance was a true
one. Educate man and his shackles fall,” 1
he said.
“Labor, capital and business ability are
the three legs of a three-legged stool;
neither is first, neither is second, neither
is third; there is no precedenceT all being
equally necessary. He who would sow
discord among the three is an enemy to
all.”
“Among the saddest of all spectacles
to me is that of an elderly man occupying
his last years grasping for more, dollars.”
Of the overworking tendency in Amer¬
ica:—“I hope Americans will some day find
more time for play, like their wiser breth¬
ren o/i the other side.”
There are two Gamegie “gifts” which
will be generally forgotten, since they -were
never accepted. It was reported that his
anti-imperialism prompted him to offer
$25,000,000 to the United States government
if it Would turn over the Philippines to
the natives for self-government. Later
when the question of “What shall we do
with our ex-Presidents?” was widely dis-v
cussed, Mr, .Carnegie’s imagination solved
the problem. Tie offered to support them
on a $25,000 pension every year so long as
they lived and do the' same for their
widows so long as they remained unmar¬
ried, The proposition was frowned upon :
and dropped.
AUG 13 ’19
CARNEGIE FUNERAL LIST IS MADE
LARGER FOR MANY OLD FRIENDS
Number Who Will Attend Ser¬
vice To Be Greater Than
at First Arranged.
LENOX, Mass., Tuesday.—The number
of those who will hear the funeral rites
over the toody of Andrew Carnegie at half-
past ten o’clock Thursday morning will
be 'greater than was expected. It was
originally intended to have those. at' the
ice limited closely, but since the death
of the once great ironmaster, word has
been received from, more and more of his
close associates and the list of those , ex¬
pected has gradually expanded.
The nature of the services had not been
decided upon tonight, pending the return
of Mrs. Camegie’-s secretary, Archibald C.
Barrow, from New York. He was ex¬
pected back late tonight, but did not ar-
ve.
The Rev. Dr. William Pierson Merrill,
pastor of the' Brick Presbyterian Church,
of New York, of which Mrs. Carnegie is j
member, is expected tomorrow. He :s
a vacation. He will officiate, assisted
by the Rev. Benson N. Wyman, pastor of (
the Lenox Congregational Church.
Certain details of the ceremony have
been fixed, but the Rev. Dr. Wyman."said
tonight that he did not; know what ser¬
vice would be used or adopted and would
not know before tomorrow. ■
s;Few friends of the family, have arrived
but reservations were being made at sev¬
eral hotels this evening.
After the service at Shadow Brook, the
body will be taken to Tarrytown for burial
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.
There were few callers today at. Shadow
Bro^k. Among those stopping at the As-
pinwail is perhaps the only former asso¬
ciate of Mr. Carnegie, who was his elder
and survives him. This is Chauncey M.
Depew, now in.his eighty-sixth year, and
who spoke today of Mr, Carnegie as his
junior. Reciting how Mr. Carnegie had
devoted'-millions in efforts to prevent war,
he said that the world conflict had broken
Mr. Carnegie’s heart and that the iron¬
master was never the same after war was
declared.
‘He became obsessed with the idea,
.said Mr. Depew, “that the future of the
World depended on the abolition of war.
He created a permanent fund for the
•propaganda of'peace. Hejbuilt the palace
at the Hague for its home.
‘I never knew anyone so Interested in
any one thing as he was in the peace"!
the world. He firmly believed that hi
efforts to prevent war would Succeed
When war came, surpassing, in its trag
dies, it broke Mr. Carnegie’s heart,
was never the same again.”
"LOSS TO HUMANITY/’
SAYS PRESIDENT WILSON
WASHINGTON, D. C., Tuesday.—
President Wilson, in a message of
condolence sent today to Mrs. Andrew
Carnegie/ said the death of the phi¬
lanthropist constituted a serious loss
to the forces of humanity.
“May I not express my deep sym¬
pathy at the loss of your distinguished
husband?” the message said. “His
death constitutes a very serious loss to
the forces of humanity and enlight¬
ened public service and takes out' of
the world a force'which it could ill
afford to spare.”
g'l
BRICK CHURCH CHOIR
TO SING AT FUNERALj
In addition to Dr. Merrill, the. ch’o
arid organist of the Brick Rresbyteria
Church have been invited by Mrs. Car¬
negie to go to-, Lenox and take part in the
services. The organist is Clarence Dick¬
inson, who is also professor of music at
Union Theological Seminary.
Mrs.. Carnegie and her daughter, Mrs.
Miller, are members of Brick Church and
active in all its work. Until-his health
made it impossible, Mr. Carnegie fre¬
quently, accompanied them to church and
sat in the family pew, which is on the
aisle nearest, Thirty-eighth street and
quite near the pulpit. Until about seven
years ago the Carnegie family attended
the Universalist Church of the Divine
Paternity, Central Park West and Sev¬
enty-sixth street, and Mr. Carnegie con¬
tributed most liberally toward its support.
Mrs. Carnegie was a member of that
church before her marriage to Mr." Car¬
negie.
When Mr. Carnegie organized and en¬
dowed with $2,000,000 the Church Peace
Union, Dr. Merrill was selected as presi¬
dent. It was /Dr. Merrill and the Rev.
Dr. Henry Sloane Coffin, pastor of the
Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church,
who officiated at the recent, wedding of
Mr. Carnegie’s daughter. .
AUG 14 ’IS
ONLY CLOSE FRIENDS TO ATTEND
FUNERAL OF ANDREW CARNEGIE
Services Take Place This Morn¬
ing at Shadow Brook—Pres¬
byterian Services.
[SPECIAL DESPATCH TO THE HERALD.]
LENOX. Mass.. Wednesday.-—Fewer
than forty! persons, including relatives,
will attend the funeral of Andrew Car¬
negie \in the music room at Shadow
Brook tomorrow morning at half-past
ten o’clodk. It will be the simple ser¬
vice of the Presbyterian Church ritual
with singing by the quartet of the
Brick Presbyterian Church, New York.
Among those- who arrived at the Cur¬
tis Hotel tonight for the funeral were
Charles M, Schwab, Elilxu Root, Jr.
Dr. Robert S. Woodward, trustee of the
Carnegie Foundation; Mrs. Walter
Darorosch, the Rev. Dr. Willaim Pier¬
son Merrill, pastor of the Brick Church,
who with the Rev, Benson N. Wyman,
of the Lenox Congregational Church,
will officiate.
■ Robert W. Franks, Mr. Carnegie’s finan¬
cial secretary; Mrs. James Greenway
niece; the Re-v. Dr. Frederick Lynch, of
New York, and Oliver Rickets©#, of Pitts-
burg, who married Mr." Carnegie’s niece,
rived and there are Clarence Dickin-
also a
son and the Brick Church Quartet, con¬
sisting of Miss Rose Bryant, Miss Mary
Stoddard, Grant Kimball and Frank Crox-
tOO. ; , ' I",
Mr- Augustus Lukeman, scuplptor, of
New York, who has a villa in Stockbridge,
took a death mask of Mr. Carnegie this
j afternoon.
Mr. Carnegie's coffin is of mahogany,
covered with black broadcloth of the fin¬
est. texture. The mountings are of gun
me^al and the large solid silver plate
bears this inscription in regular script:—
“Andrew Carnegie, born in Dunfermline,
Scotland, November 23, ISIS, died at
BISHOP DARLINGTON PAYS
TRIBUT E TO MR. CARNEGIE
Bt Telegraph to the Editor or the
Herald ■
Andrew Carnegie was the Columbus
vf4o discovered a new world of phil¬
anthropy, Before him some had
given largely in their wills, but he
was the first during life to give more
than lie kept. Pure and domestic iu
family relations, His wife, as lie often
said, was his .inspircr and adviser.
In everything lie was God’s prophet,
preaching the responsibility of wealth,
and having educated himself in youth
undertook the. great task of educating
the whole world through his gifts to
countless libraries and colleges, As
St. Andrew, for whom he was named,
brought his brother Peter to Christ,
so liis first thought was of others who
will follow his compelling example.
Church and nation mourn today.
JAMES HENRY DARLINGTON,,
The Bishop of Harrisburg, Pa.
Bar Harbor,. Me., Wednesday.
Friends of the family said here tonight
that Mrs. Carnegie had received a cable
of sympathy from King George, Archi¬
bald Barrow, Mrs. Carnegie’s secretary,
when asked about iGsaid he had not seen
it if one lias been received, He added,
“there are bushels of them and have not
had a chance to look them all over.”
There will he no honorary pall bearers.
There will be no special train to Sleepy
Hollow^ Cemetery, N, Y. The body will be
taken in a special car attached to the
early afternoon train on the Harlem road.
Only the immediate family and a few close
friends will travel on this car.
AUG 14 ’19
SIMPLICITY MARKS
FUNERAL SERVICE
FOR MR. CARNEGIE
Forty-Two Besides Family Are
Present—Body Taken to
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.
[8PEOTAL RHSPATGH TO THH SEKALD.l
LENOX, Mass., Thursday.— A simple . .
but impressive funeral service, with forty-
two persons present, besides the immedi¬
ate family, was held for Andrew Carnegie
. in the music room at Shado# Brook at
half-past ten o’clock this morning, it was
a rainy day, with strong northeast wind,
so chilly that fires were lighted in all the
hotels ahd homes of the Berkshire region.
The service,, which was in keeping with
the expressed wishes of Mr. Carnegie, 1
was opened with prayer by the Rev. Ben- |
son N. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox Con- J
gregational Church, where M rs .- Carnegie !
and her ^daughter, Mrs. Roswell N. Mil-
; lor, haye a pew. The Re v. William Pier- 1
I son' Merrill, of the • Brick Presbyterian !
\ Church, New York, then read the Prjfesby-
. u.Tian ritual* including the twenty-third !
| Psalm. |
The Brick (jpt&ch*, quartet, with' Claf-
■■.'ice Dickinson aS. the organ, one of the j
largest in a private residence in America, •
; sang three old English hymns • that Were -
J.avorites Of Mr. Carnegie. They were
"Cove That Will; Not Let Me do,” by G.
’ Matheson; “lie Leadetli Me Beside Still
] Waters,’'’ by' J. H. Gilmore, and Tenny-
ison’s “Crossing the fear ’
The singers wet? Miss .Rose Bryant, ;
Miss Marie Stoddard, Mr. Grant Kim-
f bell afid Mr. Frank Croxtob.
During the service Mrs. Carnegie and
immediate members of the family sat in
an adjoining room on the same floor, in
the group Were her son-in-law and daugh¬
ter, Mr. and Mrs. Boswell N. Miller; Mr.
and Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, 2d, and Mr.
and Mrs. Morris Carriegie, of Pittsburg,
the Messrs. Carnegie being sons of Mr.
Carnegie’s brother, the late Thomas-Car- •
regie; Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Ricketsoii, Of .
Pittsburg, the latter a daughter of ,
Thomas Carnegie; Mr, and Mrs. Jambs ;
W. Greenway, of New York, the latter a 1
^daughter of Mrs. George Lauder; Mrs.
Marius-Johnston, a niece, of Louisville,
Ky., and Mrs, Carnegie’s brother ahd Sis¬
ter, Mr. Henry D. Whitfield and Miss Es-
teile Whitfield, of New York. They all
Were guests of Mrs. Carnegie at Shadow
Brook last night. £
Mr. Charles M. Schwab was the only i
one of Mr. Carnegie’s old associates in j
the steel business who attended the ser¬
vice. Mr. Schwab recalled that it Was j
just forty years ago this month that he
first became acquainted with Mr. Car- j
ndgie. Others in the company were Mrs. ,
Henry Phipps, Mr. Howard Phipps, Mr. '
Alva C, Dinkey, Jr'., of Pittsburg; Mr. ( !
Samuel Harden Church, president of the (
Carnegie Institute in Pittsburg; Mr. K. .
R. Church, of Pittsburg: Mr. Arthur A. ‘
Hammerschiag, a director of the Carnegie .!
Technical Institute in Pittsburg; Dr. ,
Robert Woodward, a director of the Car- -
negie Institute in Washington, D. C.;
Mrs. Walter Damroseh, Mrs. Frederick
W. Whitridge, Mrs. Joseph II. Choate,
Mr. and Mrs. Chauncey M. Depew, Miss (
Rosamond De Kay . Gilder, Miss Fran- |
cesca De Kay Gilder, Mrs. John E. Pat- i
Sons. Miss Gertrude Parsons, Mrs. Rob- !
ort Winthr'bp, Mr. Grenville L. Wintlirop, i
Mr. Blihu Root, Jr.; Mr. Charles Lanier, !
Mrs. Francis C. Barlow, Mrs. William i
Douglas Sloarie, Mr. Robert M. Franks,
Mr. Carnegie’s financial secretary; Mr.
John A. Boynton, his regular secretary, ;
and Mrs. PoyntOn; Mr. Archibald C. Bar- .
row, Mrs. Carnegie’s secretary, and Mrs.
Barrow; Mr. Robert Rose, superintendent i
of Shadow Brook estate, and Mrs. Rose,
and Mr. Robert Scott, superintendent Of
. the Shadow BroOlf conservatories and <
[gardens, and Mrs. Scott.
The coffin was surrounded With flowers, l
chiefly wreaths of orchids and roses. fl
There were floral pieces from the Car- ,
negie foundations and institutes and the j
Church Peace Union. Scores of individ- j
uals also sent flowers. }
The body was taken in an automobile
[hearse over West Stockbridge Mountain* 1
directly West of Shadow Brook, to Hills¬
dale, NT. Y., a sina.ll station on the Harlem
Division of the New York Central Rail¬
road. A special funeral car was attached;
to the regular express from Chatham,
N. Y., which arrived at Hillsdale at eleven j
minutes past one o’clock. Relatives and
a few friends, among whom was Mr.
Schwab, accompanied the body to White >
Plains, H. Y., where automobiles Were in j
waiting to take them to Sleepy Plollow •
Cemetery, near Tarrytown.
Mrs. Carnegie had arranged to go to
‘Millbrdok to spend the night with Mr. and
Mrs. Miller, and they will return to Shad¬
ow Brook tomorrow.
A friend of the family today confirmed
the report that King George and Queen
Mary cabled a message of sympathy to
Mrs. Carnegie.
A. close friend of the family also said
'today that Mr. Carnegie’s Will is to be -
Offered for probate in New Work at an ,
early date*.
MR. CARNEGIE’S BODY
PLACED IN VAULT -
[SPECIAL OKSPAtCH TO THE HERALO.] 1
TARRYTOWN. N. Y. Thursday.-- ;
With the simple bUrial service of the
Presbyterian. Church, lasting less than <
fifteen minutes, the body of Andrew i
Carnegie Was placed in a vault in
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery shortly before f
half-past five o’clock this afternoon. ,
At the graveside Were Mrs. 1 Carnegie
and her daughter. Mrs. Miller, ahd ■
twenty-one ihtimate friends. The ser- ■
vice was read by the Rev. Dr. William <
Pierson Merrill, pastor of the Brick !
\PreSby terian Church. New York. i
The coffin bearing the body of Mr.
Carnegie arrived at White Plains at
half-past four o’clock from Lenox, <
Mass., over the -'Harlem Railroad. The
funeral cortege, comprising an automo¬
bile hearse and five automobiles, com¬
pleted the eight-mile journey along the
Tarrytown road to the cemetery at a
. quarter-past, five o’clock.
Ml*. Charles M. Schwab arrived on the
same train with the funeral party but
continued on to New York City without
attending the cemetery service.'
Before the arrival of the cortege the
cemetery gates were closed and a score ;
j of guards were stationed at the en¬
trances' to' keep curious persons aWay.
Scores of towns folk who had intended
to witness the 'burial were turned away, j
The Carnegie plot, containing 18, 003 ]
square feet, is at the northern end of
the cemetery, interspersed with tall !
pines and shrubbery, With the Pocan-
tico River flowing close by. Mrs: Cftr- 1
negie purchased the plot three years (
ago. The vault, with space for two
bodies, was built at a cost of $40,000.
Near by are the plots of John D. Rocke-
feller afid John D. Archbold, both of
whom were OlosC personal friends of 1
Mr. Carnegie , i
j Y ork Herald Aug . Ip, io-,^ .
ANDREW CARNEGIE,
Two conflicting theories have been held on the
j subject of Andrew Carnegie as an Ironmaster and
I captain of industry. According to one, he was an
[ original genius, personally responsible for the con¬
ception and carrying out of the designs Which revo¬
lutionized and developed a mighty trade. Accord¬
ing to the other, his meteoric rise from the condi¬
tion of a Scottish peasant to a leading place in
“great business’' was due to an almost uncanny
gift for picking out'the right men to act as his
lieutenants, together with an instinct for leaving
them Severely alone to work out their own salva*
tion.
That the second hypothesis is probably tbe cor- ;
rect one was shown by his own fondness for talk¬
ing about “my boys,” £hat group of men of note
whose fortunes grew with his own under his sym¬
pathetic interest, Napoleon was great not simply
through what he did himself but because of the
skill of his p|eked marshals. So why should uot
the same system prove successful in other lines of
activity?
If the Laird 1 of Skibo had lived in the Middle
Ages he would have left a name as a “founder” or
“benefactor;” as they called the worthies who built
colleges and schools “for the glory of God and ad¬
vancement of learning,” but sometimes not without
a certain regard for what future generations would
think about them, the donors—a very natural ami
reasonable weakness.
Perched on the topmost; rung of the ladder of
success, Mr. Carnegie informed the world, through
1 the-medium of a book, that he had enjoyed every
moment of his life, but that he had come to the
conclusion that it was “a crime to die rich.” This
was the explanation of the multitudinous activities
i of his.later life, which toojs -concrete-form in the
|,| Carnegie Foundation, the Carnegie libraries, the
Carnegie Fund for the aid of needy studeuts at the
Scottish universities, the Carnegio Medal Fund, :
and so on.
The war was a great shock to Mr, Carnegie.
Although probably agreeing with them in nothing
else, he held, with the old fashioned economists of
what is known as the Manchester school, that the
interlocked interests of the big nations would make
anything like a worldwide conflict Impossible, and
that humanity would remain at peace as long as
men were engaged only in the innocent warfare-'of
competition in industry.
ThCse who shared this opinion—and they were
many—did not suspect that the Teutons were
i capable of seeking markets at the heels of Wilhelm
Hohenzollern, brandishing a drawn and “shining
| sword” in his hand and calling on their “Old Ger¬
man Gott” to extend the sale of things “made in
Deutschland” to the ends of the earth.
Apart from his benefactions, Mr. Carnegie will
be remembered here and abroad as exemplifying
in his own person and in bis own life the im¬
mensity of American possibilities.
AUG 14 ’19
AUG 1719
AUKS'lS
ANECDOTES ILLUSTRATIVE OF
WIT AND KINDLY NATURE OF
ANDREW CARNEGIE RECALLED
Canny Ironmaster Always Responded Generously to Those
Having Appeals Based on Home Sentiment— Presided
at Many Hobble Dinners of St. Andrew’s Club.
By JOHN BURNSIDE.
Reminiscences of the late Andrew'Car¬
negie, many of them no doubt merely
ben trovato and many of them more than
twice‘ told tales, have already appeared,,
blit the following have never before been
published. They show in a very intimate
way certain ''characteristics^ of the iron¬
master,pot generally known perhaps, and
sidelights on his quaint, pawky
humor, lifs jngenium perfbrvidum ,Seoto-
uta, his readiness to give .freely without
though', of publicity and his rbal kind-
I ness:pf 'heart. The incidents referred to
1 happened man; years ago, but so slrongly
did they appeal to the waiter that they
~ , . .. . ‘ CtiJAMUiCJL Uli
^are as fresh in his memory as though the c]lief > s
wi’ the same kin’ of material, and send
the bill to me.”
This was done. True, the hill did not
amount to much (about $5,000), but f
would have been quite jthe same had 1
been ten times as much
Another library giving incident may t,
cited here. A college .out West some¬
where wanted a, library and wanted it at
once and free of cost. One of the offi¬
cials, a Scot, knew a brother' Scot .in New
York wh:> was. held in good repute by
Andrew, although by no, means- a close
'friend. The New York Scot undertook to
act 1 as intermediary; ’and in. a short time
the college.- library was in the possession
of books to the. value of, some seventy
thousand dollars.
they had occurred . but. yesterday.
Declines a Second Drink.
The closing incident of that evening.'was
at the Caledonian Chub, in so far at least
as Mr. Carnegie was concerned:, showed
another characteristic Of the man. In
•oom oatcake and cheese.
Letters of .introduction from various, in
fluential men. in Scotland gained admit-
jtance to Andrew one day a highly edu¬
cated gentleman ' who from his conduct
land conversation impressed otue with the;
jidea that, the universities of the United
| States were rather anxious to securg liis
'services as a professor, no matter of
j what. The visitor showed that he had.
j implicit confidence in Mr. Carnegie’s abil¬
ity to secure his appointment to a chair
at once. ,
Ready with Apt Response.
; Having glanced ovbr the testimonials,
presented',;' Andrew looked up:—'‘Well, my
man, what brought you hem'’ There are
>o many p’ your"'kind herte already,
‘‘.Well, Mr. Carnegie, don't you think I
might ■ go’ .West ?*’ ■ ■
“Oh, by all means, irA man, but take,
rl ft hovel with you.”
, Seems erue!, abrupt, does it? ’By no
means. It was a needed lesson admin¬
istered at the right time and did a world
of good-: The man stayed in New.York
jand went to work in earnest proving what
Jstuff was really imhim.
: -Another.side of Andrew’s character was
shown in his treatment of ,the Dunferm¬
line man who applied to him for a loan
jof $5,000. The secretary may have had
some scruples about admit ftng Davie
Gray—that was not his name—but no de¬
bent. looking man from Andrew's* native
town could be refused admission to the
future Laird of Skibo.
Davie broke the ice at once. “I've
called on ye, Mr. Carnegie, to ask a loan
of five thousand dollars. I can give you
jno security, but cap show you that with
■that sum T have an opportunity to carry
lout, an undertaking that will pay me
'well and then I shall be able' to repay you
,jwith interest. My only reason for ap¬
pealing to you is that my father, Jamie
Gray, lived next door to your folks in
i Dunfermline.”
Scotch Appeal Win* £5,000 Loan,
. ' Are you Jamie Gray’s laddie? If you
Joan prove that ye'll get'*'what you want,
ithough ye should never pay it back.”
It is satisfactory to know that the loan
J was repaid in due time a.nd that the. erst-
| while borrower became, before his death,
{one of the wealthy men of the United
! States and one of the most generous.
! Sometimes it has beep said that Andrew
1 Carnegie never gave anything, in the
shape of libraries or r organs, without a
string, being'attached to it. Possibly this
was a wise provision. I3ut be that as jt
!may, it did not apply in the case of fie
{New York Caledonian Club. Mr. Carnegie
had been asked to preside at-the formal
j opening of the new building, and previous,
|to the ceremony was inspecting the va-
jrious rooms. On reaching the library he
j proceeded to pull, out one book after an-
i other.' At'last, turning to one of the chief¬
tains of the club, he exclaimed, “Ye’ve a
, verra good selection here; some fine
books, but no mony o’ them.”
j “Ou ay,” said the chief tain; “but ye ken
jthe auld S.cot’s saying. 'Ye maun creep
■before ye gann.’ ”
i “Verra true, my man; verra true. Noo
I’ll tell ye what to do. Fill up yer shelves
*
typical of Auld Scotia, and a "wee drap-
pie” ■vperef being 'served, while reminis¬
cences of Ronnie; Scotland went rbund.
Mr. Carnegie's carriage was announced
and he was making ready to go. Said
one of the chieftains, “Will ye no take a.
wee drap more before ye leave, Mr. ^ar-
negie?” “Na, na." was the reply. “I
take’,two glasses of whiskey a day. I’ve
had one here ah'.the other I’ll hae before
I go to my bed.”
As the honorary president .of the New
York Scottish Society, Mr. Carnegie-, while
taking no. active part .in its .affairs, at¬
tended' its Burns concerts as often as
other duties would permit and enjoyed to
this full the Auld Soot-s sangs. The pawky
# humor he thoroughly- enjoyed and
chuckled''-.over, like the* boy he was at,
.such times, while the tears would run
down his cheeks when some particularly
pathetic song was -sung.
Perhaps Mr. Carnegie never- shone\t f >
better advantage in public than when be
occupied the' chair, as president. «A »'•*
banquets of the St. Andrew’s JwfeWty.
always held in Delmpn-ieo's. At . these
banquets the speakers Were invariably
men of note but it sometimes happened'
that their speeches, because of poor de¬
livery or some such lapse, did not catch
and hold the audience.
Couldn’t Suppress Mr. Reid-
On one, such occasion the late Whitelaw
Reid was the speaker. The banqueters
gave him all their attenion for a few
minutes, but-alas, the orator s voice could
not be heard beyond thqse in close proxi¬
mity, and the noise became somewhat
boisterous. In vain the chairman pounded
with his gavel. The noise would not down
and at length a stentorian voice from the
further end of the hall was heard: “Sit
down, Andrew, and tell Mr. Reid to sit
down too.” Andrew sat down (laughing
heartily, but it may be stated, that 'Mr.
Reid continued to read his speech to the
end and very well it read, lob, in 'The
Mail and Express the following day.
Another of the speakers was Mark-
wain, who was set-down for an'address
i “Humor—Conscious and Unconscious."
Between Mark Twain and Andrew Car¬
negie there existed a -'-strong bond j of
friendship, cemented no doubt by the
strong sense of humor Which both posc-
:essed. When, in course of bis address
Mark said'in fhat in.imifeb.lc way of his:
“Now if my friend here were to send mo
a barrel of Scotch whiskey from Skibo
hat would be unconscious, humor on bis
part and my reception of it would show
:ious humor on'my part.," no. one
enjoyed the sally more than did. Carnegie.
There has been some .controversy as to
Mr. Carnegie's religious, beliefs and as to
what particular sect should conduct Ihe
burial service. Naturally, coming from
Scotland, it might have been taken to
granted that he would be a Presbyterian,
but i’t was generally'thought that he was 1
aj Universalist, /This might 'well be, for
Scotch Presbyterians,, notwithstanding
their narrowness . regarding minor ob¬
servances, have at heart a wide tbietainco
•and, most of them, wittingly or up,®if- .
tingiy, think with Burns, th&t even bis
Satanic "Majesty some day “rna-' tete’ a
thocht an’ men’.”
At all events no-one who knew Andrew
Carnegie could regard him, as,other than
Si' broad minded man, free from intoler-'
a-nce, and not at all disposed. r.o. ; . obtrude ,
hjs religiqus beliefs on any .man.
Requieecat in pace. .
m
ANNUITIES PROVIDED
FOR B Y MR. CARNEGIE
Ten thousand dollar annuities to:—-
“President Taft*”
James Bertram.
Claude S. Carnegie.
Xtlghtt Hon. Lloyd George.
Five thousand dollar annuities tos=*
Each nephew unmarried.
Mr. Walter Damrosch,
“Mrs .. Grover Cleveland.” mew
Mrs Thomas J Preston, Jr.
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt.
Hr. Joseph Garmany.
Miss Margaret B. Wilson.
- George W. Cable.
Thomas'Burt, M. 1*.
John Wilson, M. P.
Right Hon. John Burns.
Public benefactions of Andrew Carnegi J
during his lifetime exceeded $350,000,000. j
Upon his death the ironmaster completed |
the last chapter of his philanthropy by j
i bequeathing from his remaining fortune 1
; of between $25,000,000 and $30,000*000 almost
four-fifths to the -C arnegie C orp orati on,
which he founded primarily to'^dTspose 'of
1 his accumulated wealth in the interests of |
• mankind. '
i Most affectionately did Mr. Carnegie re-
j fer to Ills wife. Mrs. Louise Whitfield Car-
j negle, as possessing a greater wisdom born
j of mother love, in his will, which was
filed and admitted to probate yesterday.
This .master of finance, who, born in
i humble circumstances, rose in power until
his wealth proclaimed him the second
richest man in the world, paid a gracious
tribute to the infinite love a mother has
for'her kin in the expression:—
“Mother love will be the best guide. pt
Deferred to Wife’s Judgment.
Mr. Carnegie was deferring to the judg¬
ment of his wife in making provision for ,
Mrs. Roswell Miller, only daughter of the
steel man. He admitted his inability to
determine what she should receive to in- I
sure her future happiness, and, as he had
; looked upon great wealth as a burden, he
refrained from making any specific be¬
quest to Mrs. Miller, leaving her fortune f
to be determined by her mother.
Out of his estate Mr. Carnegie directed !
! his wife should receive, property worth j
{ between one-fourth and one-fifth of the
entire amount.. This consisted of all his [
personal effects and real estate holdings I
j in this country and abroad. His estates j
I at Lenox, Mass.; the famous Skibo Castle, j
.in Scotland, Long Island property and the S
Fifth avenue home comprise part of the ;
legacy.
Upon the presumption that Mrs.. Car- !
negio would adequately provide for their
I daughter, Mrs Carnegie did not include I
Mrs, Miller among the legateesu The ;
young woman recently became the wife, of {
Ensign Roswell Miller, U. S. N., son of an
old associate of the ironmaster.
With the same meticulous care that he
displayed in bestowing annuities, upon
persons of International fame Mr. Car¬
negie provided for the servitors whd were ,
in his employ as servants, betraying* like¬
wise an intimate knowledge of farmers j
who rented lands from him in Scotland.
For their thrift and industry he rewarded
them with substantial sums.
Annuities to Noted Mem.
Of the statesmen mentioned in Mr. Car¬
negie’s will were Lloyd George and Will- \
iam Howard Taft. The widows of two f
Presidents, Mi-s. Thomas F. Preston, who
was the wife of Grover Cleveland, and
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, are recipients of
annuities. Members of Parliament vlio
were friends of Mr. Carnegie receive simi¬
lar testimonials. John Motley, now
Viscount Morley of Blackburn, noted 1
historian, is in this class also.
Opposite the bequest to Mr. Taft, writ¬
ten. in the margin in the handwriting; of
Mr. Carnegie, is the.following
“The annuity to,President Taft has been
transferred to the Presidential Annuities j
of the Cbrnegie Corporation.”
This statement is simply explanatory
and does not affect the annuity of $10,000
provided for the one-time President. In
November, 1012, Mr. Carnegie called a
meeting of the directors of the Carnegie
Corporation at his home, After which he
made the announcement of an offer of j
$26,000.a year to future Presidents or their j
widows, as pensions. ' ■
In view of this declaration it is believed
that President Wilson will be entitled to ;
a pension should he desire to aVai-1 himself,
6f the offer. It is presumed that it was:
for this reason that * Mr. Wilson’s name
was omitted fijoin the will as a legatee.
Institutions which were liberally sup- j
ported by Mr. Carnegie during his lifetime J
fare again the recipients of his'beneficence.
(His total bequests in this direction amount
to $960,000. The largest gift goes to Hamp¬
ton nlstitute, of Virgainia, that institution
receiving $300,000.
The interest shown by Mr. Carnegie in
I research in the fields of engineering was
again manifested in providing an addi¬
tional $100,000 for the laboratory of Stevens
Institute, of Hoboken, w;hich was erected
at his cost Previous gifts to the school
totalled $700,000.
in leaving the greater part of his wealth
to the Carnegie Corporation the ironmas¬
ter fulfils his purpose to endow that in¬
stitution with sufficient funds to carry
out his ideas of educational and humani¬
tarian advancement
Total to Corporation #150,000,000.
Since the corporation wgs founded by
Mr. Carnegie, iii 1911, he has turned over to
It sums aggregating $125,000,000. His.l&st
gift will bring the total near $160,000,000.
The objects of the corporation., while
similar to those of the Carnegie Founda¬
tion, which provides for the pensioning of
college professors and development of edu¬
cation, has a much broader spppe along;
v j philanthropic lines. f
Before acquiring the entire principal left!
to the corporation under, the terms of MrJ
Caniwsia’a will,, however, it will ibe neccs«j
isary to set aside sufficient funds to guar¬
antee the payment of the annuities, i
which total $268,000.
In remembering his servants and em- |
ployes Mr. Carnegie did not distinguish
from any of them, granting oach either an
allowance yearly or an outright sum. The
gardener and “piper” received the same
. consideration as the superintendent of his
-Skibo estate. Their legacies depend upon
1'their length of service. The butler be-
comes a pensioner, as do the houses
keeper, nurse and oldest servant, spoken
of by Mr, Carnegie as ‘’‘members of th®
family.”
The bequests cover a wide stretch ©£
endeavor;---Walter Damrosch is an annul-
taut of $5,000; the Authors’ Club gets $2Q0,«
000; the secretary of the Oratorio Society
an annuity of $3,000.
Cooper Union, fondly regarded by Mr, i
Carnegie; gets $60,000, making his benefae- I
tions to that institution $750,000. The Uni- j
versity of Pittsburg received $200,000, whil®
St. Andrews Society of New York gets
$ 100 , 000 ..
When the -attorneys at the office of j
Root, Buckner & Howland, who repre¬
sent the estate, were asked what provision
Mr. Carnegie had made for his wife,
other than that contained in the will, the j
reply was made:—
It’s ample. Mrs. Carnegie herself con¬
siders it more than such. That is ah th&£
Can be j said.”
Provision for Administration.
Having been empowered by reciprocal |
legislation ( to operate in this State and
New Jersey, the Home Trust Company, of
Hoboken, organized especially by Mr. j
Carnegie for the purpose of acting - as
trustee and executor, will perform in that :
capacity. Mr, Carnegie ordered that in I
the event of its failure to act Robert A. i
Franks, formerly h s secretary and ad-1
viser, is to be substituted. He left to Mr. i
Franks a beautiful tract of land and hous®
at Llewellyn Park, Orange, N. J., and an
annuity of $20,000,
i The will was offered for probate by
Elihu Root, Jr. It was executed on Feb¬
ruary 12, 1912, and a codicil added on
'March 31, 1919, ratifying the older docu¬
ment without any real modifications, ex¬
cept for the provision naming his daugh¬
ter beneficiary in the event of his wife’s
death before his own.
Paragraphs four and five in the original
will were drawn up by Mr. Caynegi©
himself without any revision by his law¬
yers. These provided for the institu¬
tional bequests and annuities.
Incidental to the interest aroused in the j
Surrogates’ Court by the will was th«
expeditious manner in which it was pro¬
bated. Mr. Root, accompanied by other
members of the law firm, arrived at the
Hall of Records just after noon* He pre¬
sented the petition, which stated Mr.
Carnegie had left an estate valued at
“more than $10,000 in real and over $10,001)
in personal property,” .together with a
notice that Mrs. Carnegie and her daugh¬
ter, Mrs. Miller, had waived, service ®£
the citations.
Surrogate Fowler was informed that th£
■ will was ready for immediate probat#
■ and in. less than half an hour his signa-
I ture was affixed, to the necegsiary docu*<
Iments.
AUG 29 ’19
STORY OF MR. CARNEGIE.
To the Editor of- the Herald:—
Reading my friend John Burnside's in¬
teresting reminiscences of Andrew Car¬
negie in the Herald brought to my mind
another little story about the “auld'laird.'”
In view of the present Ikbor strifes it.
seems apropos.
During one of the labor upheavals a
workingman said to Mr. Cdrnegie:—"l toll
you that labor' is more Important than
capital, more important than mere brains.
Brawn is the king.”
Mr. Carnegie did not reply biit smiled
one of his quizzical smiles*. The man be¬
came aggressive. “Now, Mr. Carnegie,”
he said, “will ye teli me which is the most
important, capital, labor or brains?”
“Now,” said Carnegie, “which leg on a
three-legged chair is the most imporlantT
| Will ye tell me?” C. L. STEEN SEN;
New York City, Aug. 20, 1919.
ADC 29 ’19
DIvIsTED HIMSELF OF HIS GREAT 7 ”
FORTUNE, SAYS ELIHU ROOT, JR.
— -*-—
Mr. Carnegie’s gifts to charity during his lifetime totalled somewhat
! in excess of ^350,000,000. The value of his estate is estimated at between
$25,000,000 and $30 000,000. He really did divest himself of his great
fortune for the benefit of mankind, as he long ago raid that he would.
The will leaves the real estate and all the works of art, and house-
hold goods to Mrs. Carnegie. Financial provision for Mrs. Carnegie and
ij for Mis. Carnegie’s daughter, Mrs. Miller, was made during Mr. Carnegie’s
i lifetime rather than by the will. In the words of the will itself ;-~“Having
| years ago made provision for my wife beyond'her desires and ample to
enable her to provide for our beloved daughter Margaret, and being unable
I to judge at present what provision for our daughter will best promote her
j happiness, I leave to her mother the duty of providing for her as her
mother deems best A mother’s love will be the best guide.”
The fburfch article of the will contains a series of legacies, the most
substantial of which are to charitable institutions, The fifth article of the
will contains a series of annuities to relatives and friends. ’EhajCanuegia-.
Corporation of New York is the residuary legatee and Home Trust Com-
) pany of New Jersey’ ’Is" executor and trustee under the will.
ELIHU ROOT, JR,
Dated August 25. 1919,
AUG 29 ’19
{ In leaving annuities to
THE INGRATITUDE William Howard Taft,
OF THE REPUBLIC. Mrs. Theodore .Iioose-
. velt and Mrs. Grover
Cleveland (now Mrs. .Preston), Andrew Carnegie
took a cynical fling at the carelessness of Congress
toward our former Presidents and their widows. ‘
We elect a man to the most important office in
the world and then at-the end of his term, or j
forms, send him opt to make a living in Wall ;
p -f, like Grant,ror' anywhere else that he finds /
convenient. ' ' 1 |.A|
rio
AUG 30 '19
f AN AMAZING WILL.
1 When Andrew Carnegie died the Heuald, in .
1 common with most intelligent persons, suspected
' that the ironmaster had failed to realize the an-
■ nounced ambition of his life—to die poor. This
‘just shows how important it is to remember the
l wise remark of the late Dr, Mark Twain:—-“Your
i should never prophesy unless you know.”
As Mr. Elihu Root, Jr,, remarked in the memoran-
idum to the .public relating to the probate of the
will, Mr. Carnegie actually did succeed in dicest-
1 ing himself in the course of his life of the stupen-
! dous fortune of $350,000,000, and at his death dis-
! posed of the remainder, some $30,060,000. So that
this business genius went out of the world as nak^d
jof this world’s goods as he was when he came
I into it.
; His is a very human will and puts the testator
I in a new light to many of his fellow citizens. His
{servants are referred to as “members of the fam¬
ily.” They are all friends—some of them of many
years’ standing. In the same way William H. Taft,
Mrs, Thomas J. Preston, Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt,
;Lord Morley, the distinguished man of letters;
David Lloyd George, the British Premier, and John
Burns, the radical, are remembered not as de¬
serving-annuitants but as persons for whom Mr.
Carnegie had respect and admiration.
It may be that nobody else ever had so much fun
| as Mr. Carnegie in making money; it is certain that
nobody else ever had so much fun in parting with
it. In acquiring bis wealth and in disposing of it
he used his very alert Scottish mind, always with
! the object of seeing that there should be no waste.
In the course of a speech which be made Mine
i rector of Aberdeen University Mr. Carnegie re-
j ferred wistfully to some remarks made once by his
fellow countryman Lord Rosetiery. The former
Prime Minister had pointed out that if you had four
1 bouses you could live in only one of them at a time;
that you could eat only one dinner or use one book
j a t a time. Mr. Carnegie thought that it was worth
i while to do something in the way of putting other
men in the way of having a house, eating a dinner
i or reading a book.
Thanks to him, there is .not a hoy m Scotland
with brains and grit who need despair of getting a
| college education,, and one of the serious problems,
of the age, the condition of superannuated teachers,
has been partly solved through his munificence,
i Above all, there is not the-slightest suggestion of
condescending charity about the gifts of the man
| of Dunfermline._ . \ __
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 53-54 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
AUG 12'19
ANDREW CARNEGIE
DIES OF PNEUMONIA
AT HOME IN LENOX
End Comes to Philanthro¬
pist Suddenly in His
84th Year.
Its outbreak impossible. Following his
recovery from grip he was constantly
attended by nurses whether m me
country or at his town home, which oc¬
cupies the block in Fifth avenue be¬
tween Ninetieth and Ninety-first streets.
This illness marked the beginning of
Mr. Carnegie’s retirement from public
activities. He had been a centre of
CONSCIOUS TO THE EOT) SX inluTt™ VT5.5L.*
__ thropist whose gifts matched the magni¬
tude of his material success that his
a cause of comment gen-
Developed Cold Friday, but Sany. ion it w ^as“feIt^Eat'an was not wi
Ci 1 • X -in TV with him and this feeling probably took
Seemed m Little Danger something of the edge off the shock me
announcement of his unexpected death
Till Sunday Nlgllt. after a brief illness- would, otherwise
have been. .
On" many occasions after his arrival
{funeral to be PRIVAlE £££ iViSS
{ ■ _ which adjoins his property. Although
> (he received only his oldest and closest
Wife at Side, but Daughter, friends at Shadow Brook, it had been
so (common for ‘the people of, Lenox to
Who Saw Him Saturday,
Arrives Too Late.
_ him from a distance during mis
spring and summer and to speak of
the incident to their friends that in the
■village and neighboring country it was
not appreciated that he was not a well
man.
Special Despatch to The Sun.
{Lenox, Mass., Aug. 11. — Andrew
Carnegie died this morning at 7:10 Worci of M r. Carnegie’s death was
o’clock at Shadow Brook, his summer i sent out from the house two hours after
Death Announced at 9 o’Cloek.
{home here, of bronchial pneumonia,
■which began Friday with a cold.
His illness had caused concern
among his family, because war worry
had made inroads upon the constitu¬
tional strength that had served him
during so many of liis eighty-four
years, but it was not looked upon as 1
serious until a few hours before the-
end.
Mrs. Carnegie was at - the philan¬
thropist’s bedside when he died. The
effect was to unnerve her so that it*
was not until afternoon that John
Poyton, Mr. Carnegie’s private secre¬
tary, was able to give out the plans for
the funeral. The service will be held
at Shadow Brook and will be rigor¬
ously private because of Mrs. Carne¬
gie’s health.
Mr. Carnegie’s only child, Margaret
Miller, wife of Ensign Roswell Miller
of New York, was at her summer
home at Millbrook, N. Y., when the
Ironmaster took the turn for the
worse. Millbrook -is in Dutchess
county, across' the New York State
line from Lenox. Mrs. Miller motored
in haste, but did not arrive at Shadow
Brook until after her father had died.
According to members of his house-
hob’. the ironmaster had hoped to go.
to Skibo Castle for this summer.- He
changed his plans and went to Lenox,
when he learned that it. would be impos¬
sible to take - .the servants who had -been
with him long and whose presence was
necessary to his comfort. Restrictions
of the Government limited him to taking
one automobile and one chauffeur.
The only social event Mr. Carnegie at¬
tended during the last year was the
marriage of his daughter to Ensign Mil¬
ler; April 23 last. Th^ wedding took
place in the Fifth avenue house. There
were 100 guests. As part of the pro¬
gramme Scotch bagpipe players gave the
national music that the ironmaster loved
so well.
Left Him Saturday.
Mrs. Miller was at Shadow Brook as
late as Saturday at noon. At that time
the ironmaster was troubled by nothing
more serious than the cold that had
made itself noticeable the previous day.
After his daughter had left for her home
Mr. Carnegie spoke of having difficulty
in breathing, but he passed the afternoon
with Mrs. Carnegie among'‘his flowers.
During Saturday night Mr. .Carnegie
was attended by a nurse, but his illness
did not appear to become more serious.
He breakfasted Sunday morning as
usual. He passed the day in his room.
Yesterday his condition became such as
to give concern. A Dr. Brace Paddock
was, called from. Pittsfield arid remained
at Shadow Brook all night. Mr. Carnegie’s
temperature was above normal and' his
general condition was .weaker. A tele¬
gram was sent summoning Mr. Car¬
negie’s New York, physician.
Bronchial pneumonia developed rapidly
during the night. Early to-day it be¬
came evident that death could not be
averted. Mr. Carnegie remained con¬
scious and talked to his wife until just
before he died.
Mr Crirnegie b a d not been his former
pelf physically since 1917 when he had
grip. Three years of the European
had affected him more than most
because of the money, time and
given to efforts to make
It occurred. Immediately the telephone
service began to experience high pres¬
sure. Long distance calls succeeded the
earlier rush of business from neighbors.
The little Lenox telegraph office took
part of the burden off the telephone ex¬
change after the first hour or two and j
messages of Inquiry and condolence j
from all river the country were taken
in piles for transmission to Shadow
Brook. In the afternoon and last night
the telegraph messages included many
that had come by cable from abroad.
Mr. Carnegie bought Shadoy Brook,
an estate of 900 acres, from Spencer P.
Shotter of New York’ and Savannah in
1916. He went there for the first time
in May, 1917, and passed the following
three summers there. The war had
I made his yearly journeys to Scotland for
•umrriers at Skibo Castle, Dunfermline,
impossible and bis physicians liad de¬
cided that he had shown too much will¬
ingness to interrupt the seclusion they
thought necessary by seeing callers at
bis Fifth avenue home.
The flower gardens of Shadow Brook
have had his special interest. He loved
all kinds of flowers, but, was particularly
fond of heliotrope, verbena and ger¬
aniums because of their pungent odors.
One of these flowers was his daily choice
for wear in the lapel of his coat.
In the summers of 1917 ’ and 1918 he
did much-.fishing. He had a power craft
built to make these' excursions com¬
fortable. He was on the water for the
last trine last Thursday. He passed the,
afternoon under the shadow of a group'
of pines near the shore trying for black
Toole Special Joy in Wedding.
The bridegroom was the son of a
former president of the Chicago, Mil¬
waukee and St. "Paul Railroad. He left
Stevens Institute, in Hoboken, in 1910
j to drive an ambulance .with the French.
When, the United States became a bel¬
ligerent he entered the- navy and was
made an Ensign. He is 24 years old.
The former Miss Carnegie is 22 years
old- . -
The wedding brought particular joy
to Mr. Carnegie. He had' 1 been a busi¬
ness associate of the bridegroom’s
father. The elder Miller and Mr. Car¬
negie, long before either had attained
the measure of success that was to be
their- ultimate lot, and while the son
of one and the daughter of the other
were very.young, had exchanged the wish
that .their families would become con¬
nected by rriarriage.
Besides his wife and daughter, Mr.
Carnegie left three nephews, Andrew,
Morris and William C. Carnegie of New
York, and a niece,- Mrs. Ricketson of
Boston.
At the time that Mr. Carnegie pur¬
chased Shadpw Brook, in the hills of
the beautiful Berkshires, it was said that
he did so because of thfe resemblance of.
the surrounding country to that around
Skibo Castle.
STEEL’S SUPERLORD
HAD AN EPIC CAREER
Crowned It by Renouncing
Business for Philanthropy.
Before his last illness Mr. Carnegie
played much of what is known as “clock
golf.” For a long time he had been ac¬
companied to the links only by an at¬
tendant. He used always the club he
bought from Tom Morris, whom he once
Carnegie is dead. A little, red nosed
weavfer’s toaim of Dunfermline has
ceased to be a prince of the world. A
thin shanked immigrant boy of eleven
has slept peacefully his last sleep In a
great- bed after a last ride over his own
sweet, sun'swept acres, hill carved and
water gemmed. The starveling bobbin
ooy whose every daylight hour meant' toil
in a grimy, humming cotton factory,
lies a dead Lord Rector, a lord rector
who for^tlilrty years has ministered not
/to the elegancies of the leisured few.
His chaneelry dispensed its treasure
and garnered new amid'the drab ways
of .toil, Upon his ,wires of gold he sent
the imaginative spark to where in dark
places it might,inspire to brighter things,
might divert with the.gleam of romance
the mind and heart oppressed, fainting,
beneath the stress pf man’s age-old bat¬
tle with matter—the battle in which
Carnegie won ruthlessly to triumph for
himself. ‘ ■ .
A little telegraph operator became the
manager of a budding railroad. The
railroader turned his skill and managed
the communications of his country in
civil war,. The small merchant, ventur¬
ing on borrowed capital amid the dawn-
-.- 11 ^ «+i, tv,, wnrin >■ ; ing wonders of the day of transporta-
called the greatest man in the world. / steel stopper just short of
Prior to this summer he was an active (lominarice in all tlV world’s material
n6arly eV6ry m0rning ' /in !:l affairs.’ The lone child of the wife of
his bosom came frail and fragile into the
golf weather.
Never Discussed Armistice.
The war has long t>een ignored as a
subject of conversation in the Cathegiej
household. So far as is known, no one
ever discussed the signing of the ar¬
mistice with him or the developments of
| the pe'ace. negotiations.
j The funeral service will take place
■Thursday morning, probably at 11
o’clock. The Rev. Benson N. Wyman,
pastor of the Lenox Congregational
Church, where Mr. and Mrs. Carnegie
had a pew, ! and the Rev. Dr. William
Pierson Merrill, pastor of the Brick
Presbyterian Church, where the Carne-
g-es attended services in- New York# will
officiate.
Other details had not been arranged
last, night. It was the opinion at Shadow
Brook that that the body will be takeri
on a special funeral train on Thursday
afternoon to Sleepy Hollow Cemetery at
Tarrytown, where there is a Carnegie
burial plot. The New , York house will
not be ppened by Mrs. Carnegie, it was
said.
| world—and just before his death she
j wed and made him happy.
Renounces Bower, Turks Altruist.
Thus, meagerly set forth, the life of
Andrew Carnegie ran the gamut of all
possible romance. And, crowning it all
is thrit incident, almost unique in all the
epics, when this super!ord of industry,
his vast plans and his mighty battalions
drawn, marshalled, munitioned—those
who had fought him knew how terribly
well—renounced the .conquest of the
world and turned to altruism. Steel
ruled the world and Carnegie was pre¬
paring to rule steel—all steel. It makes
one ask what would have happened' had
Alexander stopped at the Hellespont,
had Caesar not crossed the Rubicon, had
Napoleon not made himself‘from Consul
into Consul for Lif«*.
There seems little dqubt but that
this name in which speaks the spirit
of the age of mechanical development
and all its traits, Carnegie, will live. Ho
himself attached it to thousands of
“monuments more enduring than brass.”
Its story 'will inevitably turn,'neverthe¬
less, on that great change to the ideal
of altruism from the ideal of power.
Of the three great financial figures
which the age produced in America, Mor¬
gan, Rockefeller and -Carnegie, Carnegie
possessed most of those human traits
that have the strongest appeal. Men
speak of “J. P.” Morgan, of “John D.”
Rockefeller. But they say “Andy” Car¬
negie. Throughout his career runs the’
constant thread of his rough and ready
contact with his kind, whether the
weavers of Dunfermline, the factory
hands of Pittsburg or the giants of the
industrial battlefield where lie fought.
No picture of his bearded face can ever
be completely dissociated from a chuckle.
And Andy Carnegie was articulate in
his own behalf as the others were not.
He had no mean genius for expression.
He had written books of solid worth
anc real charm. He was a ready speak¬
er and writer for all' the grind of his
early years.
And it was a grind. From the mo-
rrifent he earned his first wage, a^ dollar
twenty for .a week, until he retired, he-
ground himself, his-associates and his
enemies. But he never ground ariy one
harder than he was willing to and did
grin£ himself. Work, readiness -to seize
opportunity, daring when opportunity
came, and a supreme ability to organize
the effort of other men weije his tough-
stones of success.
He himself believed that his genius
was seeded in heredity.
“I have often said,’* lie once remarked,
“that I do not know a lineage which I
prefer to that ’ of a library founding
weaver.”
His father was one of those substan¬
tial citizens, the artisans of the days
before machinery. He had his own
seven looms in Dunfermline where his
apprentices wove the linen he was com¬
missioned to make by the merchants of
the town. Mr. Carnegie’s remark above
quoted .was prompted by the discovery
that his father had pooled his books
with the books of other master weavers
and that from this collection had grown
.the first library of the town.
There In the little Fifeshire city An¬
drew was born November 25, 1837.
When he was 10 came the tragedy out
of which by a strange double paradox
rose his own greatness. Machine Weav¬
ing was introduced into Scotland. An¬
drew’s father got no more orders for his
hand run looms and disaster faced the
little family, whose eldest, son was one
day to ne the 'overlord of most ot.the
machinery of this earth.
Carnegie said he' well remembered the
family council at which it. was decided
to sell the hand looms for what they-
were worth and emigrate to Allegheny
Pa., where the family already had rela¬
tives. The decision was taken, he said,
in the face of his parents’ conviction
that It meant nothing but •. sorrow for
them, but because-they were convinced
it spelt better things for the two boys,
Andrew and Thomas. Andrew was 11
when the little family came to Alle¬
ghany.
Worked From Dark to Dark.
At 11 he vyas thrust into- the- factory
System of those days, which he admitted
was little short of child slavery. He
got a job as bobbin boy in the cotton
factory where his father had found work.
He went to work before daylight and
toiled until after dark. “But even then
he said there was a hint of the ideal
in his canny,- young Scotch 'bead.
“For a lad of 12.” he has written it,
“to rise and breakfast every morning,
except the blessed Sunday morning, and
go out into the streets and find bis way
to the factory and begin work'while it
was still dark outside, and not be re,-
leased 'until after darkness came agai^i
in the evening—forty minutes interval
only being allowed at noon—was a terril
ble task.
“But I was young and had my dreamri,
and something within always told me
that this would not, could not, shou|3,
not last; I should some day get into fai
better position. Besides this. 1 felt my-;
self no longer a boy but quite ‘a little
man.’ arid this made me happy.”
When the change came Carnegie
seized it, though it seemed at first to,
be out of the frying pan into the fire.
Just before be was 13 a “kind old Scots¬
man” took him into the factory where
the bobbins were made. His duties, not
yet 13, were to fire the boiler and' rjun
the iSmall steam engine . which powered
the plant. Upon a mind of thirt fen
years this task produced a reaction t/iat
might have been expected.
“The firing of the boiler v
be ha3 said, “for, fortunate];
not use coal, but the refui
chips, and I always liked tag work
wood; but the responsibility <* rieepig,
the water right and of WSBminl the n-
gine and the danger of Bay atari in;
mistake and blowing the whole
tory to pieces caused too great a strain, j
and I often awoke and found myself sit-1
ting up In bed through the night try¬
ing the steam gauges. U
“But I never told them at home that
I was having a ‘hard tussle.’ ”
, His third apprenticeship, 'as he calls j
; it, came when he. got a job as a tele-!
i graph messenger in Pittsburg at the age |;
of 14. He greets it with his first en- 1
i thusiasm, thus:
I "This.” he said, “was a transfer from i
darkness to light, from the 'desert to
paradise, for here I entered a new world,
amid books, newspapers, pencils, pens I
and ink, and writing pads, and a clean
office, bright window's and the literary j!
atmosphere; I was the happiest boyji
alive. Really, after this change , there
seemed little left to be desired; for what
more does one want in life, and indeed :j
what more can one get that is of much ji
consequence? After he has got these,
things he has ‘got it all’ ; the only tools \
he needs for anything.’’
If is First Investment.
Rut nobody better than the shrewd i
'Andy realized that it took energy to
consolidate this “all.” He was a new,
boy in Pittsburg and his first job was ■
to become a perfect messenger by get¬
ting to heart the names of every busi¬
ness firm up and down Wood street, j
Then he set out to become a telegrapher.i
Sitting tin when he could he was soon ’;
a substitute operator and then a regular,
|one. Apparently he v'as a good one for;
he was chosen to run the first private
wire for the Pennsylvania Railroad,
just'completed. W. A. Scott, the road’s
superintendent, had observed bis oper¬
ating. At this time Carnegie was get¬
ting $25 a month and he considered it
a-competence because it made his family
at home independent. “They could livo
on $3Q0 a year,” pe says.
Starting as “clerk .and operator^ to
the “superintendent at $35 a month,
young Carnegie was soon deep in his
superior’s confidence. So deep in fact
that Scott gave him his first opportunity,
for investment. He told him where he
could buy for $600 ten shares of Adams
Express stock from the estate of a man
who had just died. Though Carnegie
was one of the world’s largest holders
: of securities, he bought alwa.ys for in¬
vestment. He boasted that there was
not a, dollar of all his millions which
had been made in stock gambling. He
had no patience with the speculator in
. securities.
“It will he a good day for this coun-
r try when the stock gamblers come to
■.'grief,” he said on one occasion, “I wish
l could devise some means where both
: parties to a stock gamble could be made
to suffer. I am speaking now as a bust
liess man and as one who has neve-
made a dollar by gambling in stocks
and who would as soon make it that way
as by playing cards, bridge whist and
so on.”
Nevertheless that first purchase of
stock was made with borrowed money.
His family by this time had.built and
paid for a little home, worth about $800.
When Andrew came home and told of
the opportunity to b,#,y the stock the
family decided that an opportunity to
invest with the. help of his superior in
the railroad, help which Scott had prom¬
ised if Carnegie could not raise the
I! money, was too good to 7 be neglected,
! irrespective of the 'actual merit of the
investment. So his mother hurried to
Ohio, mortgaged the little house through
j an uncle who lived there, and the stock
\ was bought. The stock paid monthly
| dividends of Jl a share.
It. was while working as clerk to the
railroad superintendent that ■ young
Carnegie learned the lesson of organiza¬
tion. In those days, the superintendent
was not only charged with responsibility
for,his section of line, but with all the
details of operating it. despatching trains
and sending, telegrams. Carnegie says
of it himself:
“It took me some time to learn, but
I did learn, that the supremely great
managers, - such as you ■ have in these
days, never do any work themselves
worth speaking about: their point is
to make others, work while they think.
I applied this lesson in after life, soi
that business with me has never been:
a care."
Aids Sleeping: Car Inventor,
The first real item of the Carnegie
fortunes came at this time, but not
• through the Adams 'Express stock. It
was laid- in' the fortunes of the first
sleeping cars and the Woodruff Sleeping
C’a Company.
Vine day on a train," Carnegie says,
"a nice, farmer looking gentleman came
up to me and drew from a green bag the
model of the first sleeping car.”
The conductor had told the Inventor,
Woodruff, that Carnegie was connected
with the railroad. He was immediately
impressed with .the practicability of the
a drive and vigor and hnrSi expl0 ' ts >
work that n,a„ y g j, S "gj* hls I
He was frank, surprisine- ^ ked ’
with it all. He thought ans
ho expressed his thoughts without*
slightest hesitation or constraint In £
his Rankness earned him many enemfes i
He was a violent opponent of some of
tae most sacred doctrines of the P^pub ;
llcan party, to which he gave always his
formal allegiance. Yet he said things
about a protective tariff-albeit he had
been one of its greatest beneflciarles-
ttiat made Republican leaders shiver \
story has made the rounds only recently
that he went to McKinley In 1900 and
offered to pay personally the price the
United States had paid Spain for the
Philippines, provided the President would
commission him to go to Manila and
proclaim that the Filippinos were free
to go their own way.
He was the familiar of many of the
greatest men of his time, not only here
but abroad. His first large profit in fact
was a quarter million dollar commis¬
sion for the sale of Pennslyvania Rail¬
road bonds in Europe. Even in these
early days, before he became famous,
he was on terms of friendly intimacy
with. Gladstone, RosCberrv. Matthew Ar¬
nold, Herbert Spencer, John Morley and
James* Bryce.
Throughout his life he was a.n omniv¬
orous reader. He digested a dozen daily
papers, read regularly the principal
weeklies and trade reviews and was fa¬
miliar with anything in the monthly
magazines that interested him—and his
interest was well nigh .universal. How
early his.own literary spirit manifested
itself is shown.by the list of his books.
They begin with “An American Four in
Hand in Great Britain.” written in 1S88,
and" continue with “Round the World”
(1884), “Triumphant Democracy?
(1886), “The Gospel of Wealth” (1900).
“The Empire of Business’’ (1902), this
was translated into eight languages):
'The Life of James Watt" (1906), and
“Problems of To-day” (1909)
Democratic.
Always*
idea and arranged for Woodruff to meet
him in Altoona the next day. There
Scott, still superintendent, ..grasped, the
value .of the idea immediately and a
contract was made for Woodruff to erect
two sample cars for the Pennsylvania.
This contract gave Carnegie v his first
experience with banking. He had to
.make monthly payments of something
more than $200 after the delivery of
■the car and he was without any such
amount of cash. So, he says, he went
to a banker arid borrowed the money on
his own note, agreeing to repay it at
$15 a month.
The Woodruff company, afterward was
absorbed by Pullman and the investment
proved ', extremely profitable,
meantime Carnegie had got to be a rail¬
road division superintendent. He got
there by a typical display of nerve. One:
day the. superintendent was late coming:
to.his office and a wreck on the’ single
track line had tied traffic in* knots. It
was raiirriad religion in those days that
only the' superintendent himself could
clear up a wreck. Young Carnegie disk
periled. v
Sitting at the telegraph wire he di¬
gested the reports of freights waiting
on eve»'y siding and the through express
from i he East hours late. He sent out
the orders that put the trains in motion.
The express he ’held until the’ freights
had been cleared, getting acknowledg¬
ment from the express conductor that
he knew the, other slower trains were
running “on his time.” He. signed the,
messages with Scott’s name. Carnegie
thus describes the superintendent's re¬
ception of his work:
“When Mr. Scott reached the office
! was in a great stew. He had heard
about the accident, and. all the trains
being late, and as he sat down to his
desk he said:
“‘Here it is 10 o’clock and the ex¬
press not in, all the freight trains hung
up, and the devil to pay. Wire --
“Here I interposed with ’Excuse me,
Mr. Scott, but I have sent all of the tele¬
graphic orders that I thought you would
send. Here are copies of my telegrams,,
and I think that you will, find the
through freight already in the yards.’
“Mr. Scott looked at me very keeril
for a minute, but he never said a wore
He looked over the telegrams I had
in his name, and still said nothing,
fact, he never said a word to me abou'
the matter. ' A few days afterward
Edgar Thomson, the president of th
road, came into our office and,' lay in,,
down his hand on my shoulder, asked
‘Is this Andy ?’
“ ‘Yes, sir,’ said I.
‘“Well, I have been hearing abou
you,’ said he,”
Yet despite his distinguished acquaint¬
anceship, his vast, affairs and his aspir¬
ing mind he was above all a democrat.
He did not own a private car until within
the last few years. He was in Atlantic
City when he was summoned to New
York in 1901 to close the great deal for
(he United States Steel Corporation. A
private car was sent for him. Witn a
single companion he sat there for a few
minutes m solemn grandeur and then re¬
marked:
“Doesn’t this bore you—you and me
all alone? Let’s go into the day smoker -
there are people in there.”
f And in they went.
He was devoted to organ music. IT-
gave hundreds of organs to institutions ‘
and churches. He also was a .regular ;
attendant at the opera when in New
York, but never subscribed to a seat in
the “golden horisesboe.” He and. Mrs.
.Carnegie, latterly with their daughter,
sat in: orchestra seats which they bought
as chance afforded. And despite this he
was devoted to the noises of the Scottish
pipes. It was «Scbttish pipes that fur¬
nished the music at his daughter’s wed¬
ding in the lovely palace at Fifth,;:ave¬
nue and Ninetieth street, which has,been
his town, home. His devotion to Scot¬
land was only less great than his devo¬
tion to the United States. He expressed!
it as the feeling a man has for
mother and for his wife. In an
dress before the Worshipful Company of
It was shortly after this that he gol U1W1> uri „ IO Ms -
his own division on the railroad. Bud p lumberg ln London he said:
he was constantly on the alert and the] ..j stand before you as a representa-
profits from, his sleeping car investmentsL ]Ve of , both the old and the new, being
were shrewdly turned into oil lands near neither exclusively of one nor the other,
Oil.City, Pa. This was long before the |yet both—a Scottish-American—one
day of the great development in oil, and my rjative and the other my adopted
young Carnegie was looked upon by
many of his fellows as foolish.
So when , the civil -war came it found
Carnegie, well up in the management of
ari important railroad and owning per¬
sonal property that marked him as a
substantial citizen. Ife was but 26 years
'old-—but he had been at it for fifteen
years.
He was made superintendent of mili¬
tary railroads and Government'telegraph
lines in the East during the war and at
its close cut loose from railroading and
went into business strictly for himself,
lie no longer loaned his little share of
capital to others. He proceeded to bor¬
row capital for himself.
Up to this time all railroad bridges
had been built of wood. Carnegie soav
that they must be built of iron. So he
went into Pittsburg and organized the
Keystone Bridge Works, His share of
the capital was $1,250.
“I had not the money,” he confesses,
“but the bank lent it to me. This com¬
pany built the first great bridge over
the Ohio River. This was my beginning
.in manufacturing and from that, start all
■other works have grown, the profits o
the one works building the other.” j
From then on the career of Carnegie Is
the familiar career of the great captaiJ
of industry—save that Carnegie waj
perhaps the most successful of them all
country. I love to think of them as
mother and wife, both to be greatly
loved. Such they are to me.
I never see the two flags, as I :
them before me now; without feeling ;
lump in my throat. For many years
since‘there has floated from my castle
Scotland a double flag, the Stars and
Stripes and the Union Jack sewn to¬
gether. It floats there now—a symbol
heralding, I believe, what is to-come.”
Yet even England fell beneath his
criticism in his devotion to peace,
spite the dependency of his business on
.munition making he was the first great
modern advocate of international dis¬
armament. In fact, he refused to make
armament in his own .plants until cot "'
ir.ced by the personal Importunities
President Harrison that it was his du .
to do. so.
In 1909 he waS one of the leaders i
the international conference that called
on President Taft to propose in behai
of the United States the first move for
limitation. But after a trip to Europe
in the next yeah .he changed ins mind a:
to who should lead the profession, H,<
decided that England should do this.
vigorous did he become on
; them*
that a Grand - Jury in Wolverhamptg
indicted his book cn democracy
verst ve of society. He charged Lnf
ith being responsible for t he4| j
' race, and in a, letter to the London Times
j he wrote:
i “In all truth and soberness it should
.J no longer be permissible for any two
: Powers in jealous rivalry to build dread -
! noughts contingent upon what each
I other may do, thus compelling all other
: naval Powers to follow their ruinous
and, in this the twentieth century, sad¬
dening example, or to become defence-
i less.
- “This is no mere German-British af¬
fair. It. is a worldwide issue, and the
next step,' momentous as it may prove
for good or evil, is apparently for Brit¬
ain to take as the inventor and first
adopter of thp dreadnought.
“Whatever the final result, if Britain
played the part of peacemaker, as sug¬
gested, she would have the moral sup¬
port of the enlightened public sentiment
of the world with her, a tower of
strength. If repulsed she would have
her quarrel just.
‘'It is not for any non-citizen to ad¬
vise ; she will choose her own path. Cer¬
tain it is, however, she could play no no¬
bler part nor one that would redound in
history more to her honor and glory, il¬
lustrious as that history is, for hence¬
forth it is the triumphs of peace through
conqiliation, not those of brutal war
through the slaughter of our fellowmen,
| that are to make nations venerated in
j after ages.
II “I write as one who loves his native
land.’’
Built Hague Peace Palace.
In 1907 he dropped his prepared ad¬
dress as President of the National Peace
5 Conference to make sharp reply to
(President Roosevelt’s just issued cry for
. national spunk. Mr. Roosevelt had said
I that when, righteousness and peace were
at odds peace would have to give way.
j “Junius tells us,’’ Mr. Carnegie cried,
{“that the first principle, of justice is
j that'men should hot be judges in their
jown cause. When a man refuses to
! submit to arbitration he is unjust. We
have heard righteousness contrasted
| with peace. Righteousness and peace,'I
j tell you, cannot be divorced. It is the
|man who offers to submit his cause to a
j just judge who embraces that Tight-
’eousness which exalteth a nation.’
! \ “Had I a dispute with another man, I
-would be unjust should I refuse to listen
•Ito the judgment of a third. The only
ithing for that other man to say would
I be ‘Well, you may be right, but I want
to go before Mr. Hughes or Mr. Root
; here and what they say • about your
’-rights we will abide by.’ ’’
; It was Mr. Carnegie’s $1,500,000 that
' built the great empty peace palace at
’ The Hague. He even offered to pay
j $360,000 to Germany for her claim
7 against Venezuela rather than risk war
| between the two and the possible drag-
i .ging in of the United States. He gave
half of the cost of fire magnificent
$1,500,000 Pan-American Unlpn Build¬
ing In Washington, and much more ^for
. other buildings for the International
j Bureau of American Republics at
| Cart ago.
j But these were the manifestations of
i the later Carnegie. The earlier Car-
] negie, the “Andy” of the big steel days,
j the ironmaster at his fighting prime, is
? ai'n intriguing figure.
I Following the Keystone Bridge Works
came the Union Iron Mills and then Car-
, negie saw his first Beseefner converter.
|He had his quarter million from the sale
’of Pennsylvania bonds abroad and lie
'.threw it all into stell. He organized Car-
| negie, McCandless & Co., which began
| to loom as a big factor in the growing
. : industry.
Genlu
at Organization,
It has been said that Carnegie was
I not a practical steel, maker. This is
J*probably true. But he-was a genius at
: organization and salesmanship. He was
I also a genius at advertising in his own
■way. He never shunned publicity.
Rather he courted it, courted it to al¬
most his dying day. Pie travelled and.
® 4n . The Carnegie Institute in Washington
common. Carnegie took it to .his ten® proba , b]y vle3 with his foundations for
and the billion dollar United States ,- 10 pension Q f college professors in im-
Steel Corporation was formed. i portance and interest among his educa-
Over night Andrew Carnegie’ turned, tional gifts, barring always the scatter-
from the emperor rnilitant to the fairytj j ng . G f libraries over the face of the
godfather. His first act upon retirement-!-speaking globe. The Washing-
was to set aside a $4,000,000 pensioi^: ton institute is designed to do for science
fund for the - Steel Corporation’s ,em*i j n America what Governments do for it
ployees. Thus began the great era o'j abroa( j. it takes the examplar. of any
philanthropy, the years through which; ec ience who shows himself worthy and
be strove to live up to this then an* provides him the facilities for original
nounced dictum that the “man who dieSi; research. It is Mr. CArnegie’s contribu-
rieh dies disgraced.” ’ j tion to the sum total of man’s original
Whether be has been successful ini knowledge,
these later years as he was in the earlietf It has departments like these of
ones remains to be seen. The best es* ciology and economics, history, a geo-
timate of the amount he has given away physical laboratory, marine biology and
places it at about $400,000,000, But hid botanical research. It has already pro-
income when he retired was $'40 a min! duced valuable, results. The. cruise ot
ute. He consistently followed the prin-i the noh-rnagnetic yacht Carnegie has
ciple which he enunciated early in tbid produced absolutely reliable charts of
phasq of his career that the very rich.magnetic variation in. all the seven seas
man'is but a trustee for the poor, "en-j and through the wildernesses of the
trusted for a Aeason with a great pars continents,
of the increased wealth of the commun- His pension fund for college teachers,
ity, but administering it for the benefi t originally designed' as a measure purely
of’the community far better than ill for the, relief of those wljkose. devotion
could or would have done it for itself.i to pedagogy brought them to penury in
He did not seek to make more moneyi old age, has developed into; a powerful
But he. did not invest foolishly. H-i controlling factor in the trend of all
once said that in the panic of 1907 hii modern higher education. Through its
could have made 'another $50,000',000,1 retirements for eligibility to the pen-
but did not do so bdestus© it would bo b-utj si on fund it has oxercisod a tremendous*
fifty more worries for himself. 1 influence on the curricula and methods
Before the Industrial, Relations Conn the seventy-four^institutimm ofhigher
mission in Washington in 1915 Mr. Oir* learning m this country and Canada
negie gave' this review of his phllnn* which share its benefits,
thropic enterprises in bis own words: ; Iri addition to .these great foundations
"My first act’upon retiring from bualU™ has bestowed more than $10J)00,000
nests, was to give $5,000,000 to th- 3 » individual gifts for special aftd sen-
workmen of the Carnegie,,, Steel Com, eral purposes to non-sectarian institu-
panv as a parting gift, $4,000,000, fo} turns of kafning in this comtiy aril
pensions to the men and $1,000,000 t n Canada. He endowed the Scotch uni-
ma intain the libraries and halls T had verities with scholarships for Scotch
built for them. 'I was greatly p}e*se<3 students onK less munific t t «
when later the United States Steel; ‘Rhodes scholarship for the «t U deiUs
Corporation saw fit to duplicate myl fr0m a11 the woi Id at Oxford and Ca n
gift, adding $4,000,000 to the fund foij . And , m t ] ^ lg r h f tU ™ d I ll s
pensions. I have just read the follow! a11 of U™ 3 wc £ k the Carneg e rounda-
ing report of this joint fund with great Con of New York with an endowment of
satisfaction.: ’ $125,000,000. , .
, The great wAr came then and all its
TT T h f a ™ u f rep , 0rt n° th 1 philanthropic efforts. During the war it
United States, Steel . ami Carney* given outright more than. $3,000,000
Pension Fund, made public to-day,, t v * rious war work and rehef organlza-
shows that since January 1, 19,11, v/hep, tiot ] g
the fund was ' established, retired ' emllj But lt is in hjs i ibra ries, after all, that
ployees of the Steel Corporation hava the naTOe of carnegie will live. It is in.
received m pensions $15/5 02-1.3?. FV* them that he p as taken the most pride
the year 1914 the total disbursement^ , j g inMsted that his name b--
fnAtvi +.U a nnncinn frnir^ omnimfcrl tn. 4 . _
pension fund amounted
attached tp them. And he has alway;
from
$511,967.90, which was a gain over
P r^m S ai y n e ro gave the buildings should themselves
fmid’s ilstence. ^provide the sites, the books and the
^ mai ntenance.
/
Andrew Carnegie’s Greatest Bene- j
faction to His Fellowmen. !
That a poor Scotch boy transplanted!
by his family from Dunfermline to'
Pittsburg seventy-one years ago j
Should die a world famous philan¬
thropist in New York is not the most j
impressive'detail of Andrew Carne-
gie’s romantic and, useful career ’
which, so far as his mortal participa- 1
tion in the affairs' of men is concerned,
ended yesterday with his death. j
differ poor boys, stimulated by the
manifold opportunities America holds ■;
for industry, ability and daring, have
conquered wealth and then distributed I
lavishly their riches for the improve- {’
meat of the condition of their fellow-;
men. Other boys, beginning with no
endowment of accumulated property,
but equipped with strength and brains
and grit, have written their names
big on the glorious and inspiring, rec¬
ord of American achievement in hu¬
man progress throughout the world.
None has been more ingenious than
Mr. Carnegie was in devising means
to encourage and sustain all that is
best in human nature, none more gen¬
erous, none more thoroughly able to
carry out his diverse designs; yet
the magnitude which marked Mr.
Carnegie’s endowments, the broad¬
mindedness of his interest and the
picturesqueness of his enterprises in
world betterment do not give the full
measure of his supreme service to
his fellows.
The boy who at 13 started life in a
new land, who first worked as a
weaver’s assistant, who at 16 was a
telegraph \ messenger, who laid the
foundation of his fortune by his quick
recognition of the possibilities of . the
sleeping car, who served the Union in
the civil war as superintendent of
military railways and telegraph lines,
and who after the close of that strug¬
gle, in which .all that was best in him
was brought to the front, found in
iron and its fabrication the field of
his greatest industrial and commer¬
cial usefulness, developed in the trade
with Which his name will always
be associated the instinct for the
cultivation of the talents of young
men. Through the exercise of this
he conferred benefits on his fellow
citizens, that should be, and we believe
will be, remembered at least as long
as the most enduring Carnegie library'
building, the most ornate institution
of learning, which owes its being to
his beneficence, remains extant.
We do not hold it a small thing
that Mr. Carnegie was a pioneer in
the development of the gigantic iron
and steel industry. His material suc¬
cess none but a fool would belittle.
To the Stupendous industrial edifice so
deeply indebted to his genius this
country is beholden for much of its
power and its almost unbelievable pros¬
perity. He risked his all in precari-!
ous experiments. He was ever ready j
to discard the satisfactory familiar j
processes for promising novelties, He !
was no slave to precedent, no timid,
slave of the past.' And throughout j
his life as the director and guiding j
mind of stupendous enterprises he j,
searched for, promoted, piled respon- |
sibility on, encouraged and developed!
men—young men, eager men, men who !
were impatient for progress, men!
whose zeal outran their .experience,
but in whose capacity for intelligent
labor, for bold imaginings, he dis-
erned the promise of future leader¬
ship in the trade he made so singul¬
arly his own.
In this characteristic aspect of Mr.
Carnegie’s full life his broad and
philosophic di«poslfion wns most nota¬
ry. a ved. He.feared the rivalry
lof no man in his own calling. He
collected the best workers about him. j
He brought them'forward from the
most unlikely places. He expected
Jconfidently to find them in tasks in
which others would never think of
;looking for them. In every water
boy, in every laborer, in every arti-
|san, in every puddler, in-every clerk.
She saw a potential superintendent, I
manager, president of a great corpo¬
ration. Whenever his restless hope for
the disclosure of a genius was re¬
warded the individual in whom his
'practised eye detected the germ of
j leadership was assured of immediate,
rapid, incalculable advance. If he !
would make the most of himself Mr.
, Carnegie would find for him the job
| he was best fitted for and help him ;
I along that path to the highest success
i of which he was capable.
Thus Andrew Carnegie surrounded
himself with a group of ardent doers
j whose ability and ambition have re-!
i corded their names high on the scroll
I of fame, not only in the iron and steel
I trade and its unnumbered dependent
1 and allied industries but in every un~
| dertakirigof our complex civilized life.!
! The men he chose in their youth in
| the confident hope, they would excel
j in real leadership have fulfilled his
I highest expectations. They have jus-'
j tified his judgment and vindicated 1 his
j knowledge of human nature, and in
I the great and fruitful labors they have
j performed in every field of proper
i human striving they have carried to
j the \vorld a benefaction from Mr.
: Carnegie more valuable than the,
Hague Peace Temple.
These men, because of their superior
natural abilities and their acquired
qualities, would have made their way
to the front under the conditions ex¬
isting in free America. Their lot was
not to remain in obscurity. Their
natural tasks were the high and heavy 1
ones of supreme command. But men
of their talents frequently must wait
i long years for recognition, must Over¬
come the lethargy and cynicism, the
timidity and latent jealousy of those;
under whom they , begin their upward j
climb. The master who sea reties them j
out, who brings them quickly to the
front, who equips them for their work
i with a liberal measure of power and
' responsibility saves to the world pre¬
cious hours and days and years of ac¬
complishment, frees genius for its ap¬
propriate task and sets an example
, every employer may profitably heed,
for his own good and, for the good of
' the world.
Mr, Carnegte was a great man in
many dissimilar and interesting ways.
In none was his greatness better dis¬
closed than in his unaltering confi¬
dence in youth.
AUG 12 13
Andrew Carnegie. j
Although he had not been a factor in
big business since he sold the Carnegie
Steel Company to the United States Steel I
corporation for $303,450,000 in gilt- j
edged securities .and, market* wise, had
never been a factor in the Street, the I
t'death of Andrew Carnegie created more 1 '
than usual comment in the financial dis- |
trict yesterday. Some of the older gen- j!
eration in the district, who had known \
the Ironmaster, recalled some of the in- |
oldents of his life which aided in making K;
him famous, 1
AUG 13 ’18
CARNEGIE TO REST |
IN SLEEPY HOLLOW
, ■ -— -
Ironmaster’s Funeral Will Be
Held at Shadow Brook
To-morrow.
FEW TO BE AT SERVICE
Honorary Pallbearers Will Ac¬
company the Body From
Lenox.
Special Despatch to The Sun.
Lenox, MaAs., Aug. 12. —With the ut-
, 'most simplicity the funeral of the late
( Andrew Carnegie will be held at Shadow
Brook Thursday morning at 11 o’clock.
There will be a short service, which will
be conducted by a friend of the late iron-
' master, the Rev. Dr. William Pierson
Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presbyte- (
rian Church, New York, who will -be as- |
slsted by the Rev. Benson N. Wyman, j
minister of the Lenox Congregational
j Church, where Mrs. Carnegie worships in j
‘ Lenox.
j Dr. Merrill was at his summer camp
| yesterday. He is hastening to Lenox to
console the widow and daughter of his |
friend and parishioner. Until he arrives
the form of the service will not be de¬
cided on. It is the wish of Mrs, Carne¬
gie that it be wholly in keeping with the
religious views of her late husband, of;
which Dr. Merrill has been fully ap¬
prised.
Relatives Begin to Gather.
That there will be honorary hearers,
who will accompany the family and the
body to the burial place at Sleepy Hol¬
low, N. Y., is probable. The names of
those friends have not -been given out.
~~ Ensign Rotiwell Miller, son-in-law of
the deceased, has gone to New York to¬
day, as has also Mrs. Carnegie’s secre-,
tary, Archibald Barrow, who is in charge
of the details for the'funeral. They will
return to Shadow Brook to-morrow.
! The funeral will he strictly private
and no one will he admitted to the pari
at Shadow Brook without cards.
Mrs. Rickertson of Boston, a niece o:
the late Mr. Carnegie, has arrived a'
the Curtis Hotel. Other friends anc
relatives are expected thpre to-morrow.
(jhauncey M. Depew, at the Hote
Aspinwall this afternoon said of Mr
Carnegie:
“He was the greatest business man :
ever knew. I had known Mr. Carnegit
nearly fifty years. In the troublesom*
railroad period of fierce competition :
saw him frequently. In those earlj
struggles for business he was one of th<
largest factors in the country. He con
trolled enormous outputs and the man;
ner in whicjj^ he managed the busines;
was a revelation of the genius he hex
for success.
“He was a past master of the art o
making a bargain. Of course a bargain,
at that time of flucutions of rates anc
lax Government control meant oppor
tunlty for the largest and shrewdes
shipper to win great success in his bust
ness over his competitors.
"Mr Carnegie as a business man wai
the most foresighted and adventurou;
of the great captains of industry who
came to the front during those sterr
days of great opportunities and equally
great perils. He was able to grasp the
present and the' future in deciding that
the great factor in Industrial develop¬
ment was iron.
“I remember that dramatic and event-;
ful day when he sold out his great in¬
terests in steel and of his great assist¬
ance to the United States Steel Corpora¬
tion, then being formed by Mr. Morgan.
Whether this greatest of. world’s corpo¬
rations, as regards capital, should be
started depended entirely upon Mr. Car¬
negie. With him as an outsider the
combination could not succeed.
! Term* Astounded World,
j ‘‘He fixed his own terms and secured
them. He made no secret about it when
the transaction was completed. He sent
for a journalist and gave him the infor¬
mation of the sum he had received and
the income it would yield. Both were
phenomenal then, though common
enough now, and it excited the comment
not only of our own country, but of
Europe.
“One of the best things Carnegie ever
did was his endowment to take care ,ot
the teachers of this country..
m >; is ■
AUG 1419
"His efforts for -worM'peace were most
Interesting. He thoroughly believed that
It was possible to bring about' conditions
which would make war Impossible. He
gave vast sums to this cause and cre¬
ated a tribunal as a centre from which
should radiate influences to prevent war.
"This last war, so universal, so much
more tragical than any other in history,
following so soon upon his. gigantic ef¬
forts and expenditure, broke his heart.
I think he never recovered from the
shock.
"I once asked him if he believed
it to be a disgrace to die rich and he
answered ‘Yes.’ I do not believe he suc¬
ceeded, though he tried hard. I think
he gave away at least $400,000,000.
i When he retired, his yearly income was
| from twenty-five to thirty millions
yearly.
SCHWAB TELLS WHY
CARNEGIE EXCELLED
Won Through Perfection of
Organization Within.
"Mr. Carnegie was the most consider-
! ate of men. He reached the top of the
| steel industry (because of his efficiency
in organization within his own ranks.
I No man in business was ever more
; kindly. He won, not because he fought
1 his rivals without, but because of the
i perfection of his own organization
within."
I Charles M. Schwab thus spoke to a
reporter for The Sun yesterday of the
! late ironmaster, whose employees, part-
| ner and devoted friend he had been for
forty years. Mr. Schwab was sitting by
an open window of his apartment in the
.St Regis. He had just finished making
some arrangements for Mr. Carnegie’s
burial, winding up ten hours in New
York, during which, even to-day, the
many interests dependent upon his de-
j cisions called for his attention in the
j offices of the Bethlehem Steel Corpora-
i tion.
I “You’ll have to excuse me from talk-
{ing about Mr. Carnegie now,” he said,
I plainly affected. As he looked out over
the roof tops to Central Park his keen
j eyes Ailed a little.
“I feel too deeply,” he said. "I said
some simple work yesterday at Loretto.
I can’t eay any more now. Some time
later I hope to put into written form
what I knew Mr. Carnegie to be.”
The reporter explained that The Sun
was anxious to give voice to the expres¬
sion of the man who had fohght so
long beside Mr. Carnegie in the days
when he was in the business battle.
“But he wasn’t a fighter!” Mr.
j Schwab picked up the suggestion in¬
stantly. "No,” he continued vigorously,
j “He won through his powers of concilia-
jtion and organization.”
i Then, quickly, he repeated the little
tribute quoted above.
Mr. Schwab hurried to New York yes¬
terday from his country place at Loretto,
Pa. He will be one of the few persons
aside from the family who will go to
1 Lenox to-morrow, attend the services at
j Shadow Brook, and travel with Mr, Car-
i negle’s body by special train to the
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, where the
ironmaster some years ago chose the
spot where he will be buried. (
Persons familiar with the Carnegie
affairs are of ' the opinion that his will
leaves but a relatively modest bequest
to his wife and, daughter. Those who
know best his affairs believe there will
be little left to dispose of. Such large
sums as he retained in his own control,
it was said, already were. qomirlitted to
personal pensions to old friends, em-
fployees and others. These .commitments,
. .to is believed, will be transferred to the
-Carnegie Corporation, which was created
in 1912 to handle air pf his philan-
| thropic trusts and disbursements.
CARNEGIE FUNERAL
j AT 10A.M.TO-DAY!
| —— ;
Presbyterian Form of Service (
i Will Be Used, Says Dr.
W. M. Merrill.
JOHN WAN AM AKER , '
Formerly A . T. Stewart & Co.
Broadway at Ninth, New York.
Store Hours, 9 to 5.
Good Morning!
This is August 14!
The weather today prob¬
ably will be showery .
N. y. * choir Will si m
Heliotrope and White Blos¬
soms Used to Decorate the
Lenox Music Room.
Special Despatch to Thk Sun.
Lenox, Mass., Aug. 13.—The Rev.
i Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pastor of
j the Brick Presbyterian Church in New
\ York, completed the arrangements for
the funeral of Andrew Carnegie when
he arrived here to-day. There is to be
1 little change in the arrangements pre¬
viously announced, in spite of the fact
that the form of the service had not
been determined upon because of doubt
as to Mr. Carnegie’s religious affiliations.
Dr. Merrill said, however,'that the serv-
: ices would be the regular form of the
i Presbyterian church, of which Mrs. Car¬
negie has been a member for many
years.
“It is true that Mr. Carnegie belonged j
to no church,” said Dr. Merrill, “but he j
j was a mart of deep religious belief, and j
] believed firmly in a divine power.’’
j The services will be held this morning
at 10 o’clock in the great music room of
j Shadow Brook, the Carnegie home, and
! will consist of readings from the Scrip-
| tures, prayer and the singing of hymns.
, There will be no eulogy. Dr. Merrill will
be assisted by the Rev. Bensoii N. Wy¬
man, pastor of the Lenox Congregational
:: Church, which Mr. Carnegie often at¬
tended. Hymns will be sung by the choir I
of the Brick Presbyterian Church, who
will occupy the balcony of the music
room. Clarence Dickinson, organist of
the church and professor of music at the
] Union Theological Seminary, will be at
I the organ. To-morrow all the roads
i leading into Shadow Brook will be
guarded and cards will, be issued for ad-
| mittance to the grounds.
Mr. Carnegie’s body was placed in the
J casket this afternoon. The casket is of
> mahogany with plain gunmetal handles
j and trimmings and a name plate of solid
silver. The inscription on the plate, in
script, says :
: ANDREW CARNEGIE,
: Born in Dunfermline, Scotland,
: November 25, 1835.
: Died at Shadow Brook, Lenox, Mass.,
August 11, 1919.
Heliotrope, of which Mr. Carnegie was
fond, is to be the principal flower used
in decorating the music room, besides
which there will be many white blooms.
Many flowers have come from green¬
houses in New York for the setting of
the bier, and many beautiful floral
tributes have arrived from friends and
business associates of Mr. Carnegie.
One of the first came from Mrs. W. D.
Sloan, widow of W. D. Sloan of Lenox.
Many intimate and business friends of
the ironmaster have arrived in Lenox
to attend the funeral. Charles , M.
Schwab arrived late to-night, as did
Blihu Root, Jr., and others. Among
those already here are MrS. 'Henry
Phipps, wife of the former partner of
Mr. Carnegie, and her son, Howard;
R. A. Franks, treasurer of the Carnegie
Foundation; Oliver Ricketson of Pitts¬
burg, a relative of Mr, Carnegie by
marriage; the Rev. Frederick Lynch,
secretary of the Reconstruction Mis¬
sion sent by the Carnegie Foundation
to Europe, and Thomas Ware, Pittsburg.
Andrew Carnegie
~an American
with Vision
Prom his early boyhood, amid
poverty, with no one to lift or
lead him, he stood upon his own
feet and stepped out into the
path nearest to him* climbing
upward year by year until he
made his way.
Born in Scotland by his own
words that he often said to
people, “starting poor, with no¬
body to lean on, with a cheerful
v spirit he did the best he could
as opportunity offered.”
From the bleak days of a
little village in Scotland, this
ambitious boy whistled his way
from an office boy to become a
telegraphic expert, and with re¬
markable vision saw in the in¬
fant iron and steel industries his
j t opportunity. His own City and
State became known all over
the world for the sagacity, fore¬
sight, public spirit and pa¬
triotism,, of which the crowning
example is the Hall of Peace at
The Hague, which will ever
i stand as a testimonial of a great
mind and a true heart.
Pennsylvania and its two
great cities of Philadelphia and
Pittsburgh make very little of
! theiif great men.
It is fair to say, and people
will generally admit, that the
Pennsylvania Railroad, its needs
discovered by Thomas A. Scott,
was wonderfully developed by
the genius of Alexander J. Cas¬
satt, whose capable sons are
still making the name of Cassatt
to be remembered.
It was Andrew Carnegie who
believed that the railroad
bridges should be built of steel
instead of, wood, and that the
arches of the bridges could be
safely made of concrete.
Mr. Carnegie’s life was a
march of progress and his gen-
; erosity was only a measure of
his great heart of sympathy for j
education and whatever bene¬
fited the welfare of human j
beings. He continually leaped j
forward and ahead of great im- ;
provements.
[Signed]
MIC 15’19
| CARNEGIE IS BURIED
IN SLEEPY HOLLOW i
I Interment Follows Brief and
| Simple Services in Lenox
Home.
! FEW MOFEXEBS PRESENT
Of Sixty Grouped About Cof¬
fin, Half Belonged to His
Household.
Special Despatch to The Son. |
LENOX - , Mass., Aug. 14.—The funeral
of Andrew Carnegie was held this morn¬
ing in the great reception room of
Shadow Brook, his summer home in the
Berkshires. The services were sample,
in accordance with the wishes of the
ironmaster, and were attended only by
members of the. Carnegie family and in¬
timate friends. Fully one-half of the
sixty' persons who were grouped about
the coffin were members of the Carnegie
household.
The officiating clergymen. Dr. William
Pierson Merrill of the Brick Presby¬
terian Church, New York, and Dr. Ben¬
son N. Wyman of the Lenox Congrega¬
tional Churchy used the Presbyterian
-itual, comprising prayer and readings
from the Bible, but no eulogy. A mixed
quartet from the choir of the Brick
Jhurch was composed of Miss Rose Bry-
nt, Miss Marie Stoddard, Frank Crox-
on and Grant Kimball. Clarence Dick-
ason, organist at the Brick -Church, was
Ht the organ.
Mr. Carnegie’s body" reposed in a
everely plain coffin placed in the centre
if the room and’ all but Hidden under¬
lie wealth of flowers. Those who were
:o hear the last rites over the body of
the philanthropist entered the room
shortly before TO o’clock and grouped i
themselves about the coffin. With Mrs.
larnegie were her daughter, Mrs. Ros-
vell Miller ; the daughter’s husband,
Insign Miller; Mrs. Morris Johnson, a
liece * Mr. Carnegie; and Andrew and
d'orris Carnegie, the ironmaster’s ne- j
ihews. Others who attended the services j
included Charles M. Schwab, Robert A. 1
Franks, the Rev. Frederick H. Lynch, j
Elihu Root, Jr., and Mrs. Henry Phipps j
.nd her son, Howard. s. ;
After the services, which occupied not |
no re than twenty minutes, the body was.;
taken to Hillsdale in .a motor hearse, the
nembers of the family and friends fol-
owing in automobile**, There, at Till]
M„ the coffin was placed aboard a
Tarlem train for White Plains, Mrs. i
Carnegie and other members of the fam-i
ly made the journey in the private cam
Charles M. Schwab, The train!
•eached White Plains at 4:30 o^clock;
md the funeral cortege completed the'
ight mile drive to TarrytOwn, where;
Mr. Carnegie was buried in Sleepy Hol-j
Ow Cemetery.
In Tarrytown it had been announced'
ihat the burial, would not take place'
mtil to-morrow and for that reason few!
>f tlie townspeople were at the cemetery,
he cemetery gates were closed at 5
-’clock and guards placed to see that;
to one entered except those who had;
-een Invited by the Carnegie family, j
jirief services at the vault were con¬
ducted by Dr. Merrill.
I
^ANDRE
carne<
THE CARNEGIE WHO
T/Ce>
CAFLNEG1E
HOME
Ons FIFTH
AVENUES
Brusque at Times, He Often
Was the Soul of Urbanity,
a Man of Strong and Keen
Intelligence, Buoyancy of
Spirits, With a Fair Share of
Vanity Offset by Generosity
By JOSEPH B. GILDER.
M R. CARNTJGIE has been land asked him whether in fact he
quoted a' thousand times as I fcad ever uttered this dictum in the
. t
Trust Company and treasurer of the
$125,000,000 Carnegie Corporation, which j
has handled all of Mr. Carnegie’s large /
benefactions-; since it was created. by
special act of the Legislature ih 1912,
said yesterday he believed Mr. Carnegie’s
will would uot contain many special pro¬
visions for the members of his family or
for personal friends and retainers.
Mrs. Roswell Miller, Mr. Carnegie’s ,
: daughter Margaret, is not provided for!
in the will, her share of her father’s per- I
sonal estate having been turned dyer to j
her as a dot when she was married last:
spring. The same sort of provision also j
has been made for the hundreds of pen-!
si oners, old friends, employees and fellow
Scotsmen and women who were the iron¬
master's beneficiaries for years and!'
whose accounts hitherto have been han- ;
died by the Home Trust Company.
Mr. Carnegie personally allotted the
capital out of which those pensions hare
.been paid as they were created. . Nearly!
; all of them lapse with the life of the!
present* beneficiaries and release the !■
funds for other purposes. All of this, I
however, is provided for in the trust -
deeds and probably will not be mentioned
in the will.
The Home Trust Company was or¬
ganized in 1901. Mr. Carnegie directed
that no publicity be given to the affairs
of the institution, and it has never filed ,
its statements officially in this State,- j
Publication of its condition in’ the .Ho¬
boken paper, as required by law, reveals\
that it has a capital 'and surplus of
$208,000. Mr. Franks was the first and
- is still, the president. Alexander King j
is the treasurer 1 and George’ W. King is
secretary^' -The • directors are James C.
Greenway, T. Morris Carnegie, Andrew
Carnegie 2d and Harry Whitfield.
Special legislation-passed by both New
York and New Jersey enable the com¬
pany to ’act as executor, of Mr. Car- j
negie’s will. These laws provide , that I
foreign trust companies may act as
-executors without bond deposits pro¬
vided reciprocal privileges are a,ccorde;
there., and this property alone was ;.j
eventually worth over $5,000,000. In
one year it paid $1,000,000, in cash J
dividends.
This purchase was made in 1860. |
When the civil war broke out, Scott -a
was made Assistant Secretary of j
War, and he at once placed Carnegie 1
in charge of all the military railroads J|
and government telegraphs. Almost u
th“ first task that fell to Carnegie iri'j-
this capacity was to reopen tele¬
graphic communication between
Washington and Annapolis, which he |
accomplished'successfully. j
He played an important part in the
conduct of the ^var, and was the last
government official to leave Bull Run,
where he was in charge of.tne rail¬
road communications, for Alexandria.
Become* a Builder of Bridge*.
The war over, Carnegie returned to
the arts of peace. He watched with
vivid interest the success of experi¬
ments which the Pennsylvania Rail¬
road was conducting 'in the suhsti-
tition of cast iron for wooden bridges.
He soon became convinced that all
railroad bridges would soon be made ;
om metal and he decided to go into ,
the business of manufacturing such j
structures. With the profits from j
his oil ventures he organized the Key¬
stone Bridge Company, and. procured
many contracts. This concern built !
the first great bridge over the Ohio
River at Steubenville, a 300-foot 3 pan.
Carnegie now turned his attentions
almost entirely to the ironworks busl- j
ness. He foresaw its great possibili- j
tip 3 'and by 1868 he was operating the j
Union Iron Mills as well as the Key-;
stone Bridge Works. In-that year he j
visited England, the first time he
had recrossed the Atlantic. At Shef - 1
field and other cities he .perceived j
that the art of transforming iron
into steel- by what is known as the
Bessemer process was going to revo¬
lutionize the iron industry. He
found the English railroad men sup¬
planting the iron tracks with steel
rails, and when he returned to Pitts¬
burgh he brought, hack with him. the
secret of the Bessemer process and
began to apply it in his own mills.
Buys More Big Steel Plants.
From that time the story of Car¬
negie’s material progress was en¬
tirely that of a great ironmaster. He
bought »up his rivals, notably the
Homestead Steel Works, and by 1888
he was the owner of Seven large
plants, all of them within a radius
of five miles of Pittsburgh. They were
the Homestead, the Edgar Thomson,
the Duquesne, the Lucy the Key¬
stone, the Upper Union and the Lower
Union Mills. His brother, Thomas
Morrison Carnegie, was associated,
with him in these enterprises, having
made a special study of the steel in¬
dustry.
One of Carneerie’s most influential
associates was Henry C. Frick, whb
had made millions in oil and coal. j
Carnegie-- was looked upon by the i
financial men of his day. as probably
the shrewdest investor of them all. !
He met and defeated both Rockefeller
and Morgan in financial; operations,
and it, was said that no one ever got
the better of him in a bargain. He
quarrelled with Frick over the con¬
tracts for manufacturing armor plate
for the United States navy, and at!
one stage in the quarrel he offered,
to sell out the Carnegie Steel Com- i
Pany, with its other interests, for'
$100,000,000. He knew Frick could
not buy at this price, but he be - 1
lieved John CD. Rockefeller might-put;
up the money. It woiM have rep-:
resented a magnificent profit for Car- j
negie at that time, but when the deal {•
fell through, he went ahead as though
he had never intended to sell and ■
proceeded to harass his commercial I
rivals mercilessly. . !
When J. p. Morgan conceived the '
ea of putting an end to the de- j
structive, competition in the steel in¬
dustry by forming tfce huge United;
states Stdel Corporation he had to 1
pay Andrew Carnegie $300,000,000 for;
what Carnegie had asked but a third
of this price a few years before: And;
Carnegie would only sell on his own
.erms; that is, by taking the pur-
nase price in first mortgage gold
'°nds of the United States' Steel Cor-;
'oration, paying 4 per cent, interest. !
He had made a trip around the
r orld in 1878 and the following year;
ie published for private circulation
>nly a record of his observations on
he journey. So much was the work;
'raised that he decided to print, it I
or pubRc circulation,, and in 1883 and !
»84 he published ‘‘Round the World,”
w r A ,? American Four in Hand-in
^reat Britain.” But such compara¬
bly light literature was not his
'° a “ -^ring his tri P s to England
e nad become well acquainted with
uiliam Ewart Gladstone, and politi-
terbst ”^ 613 ^ ecaniQ Carnegie’s chief
In 1886 ( he wrote “Triumphant De-
ocracy in which he Contended that
material prosperity of the United
States had proved tne superiority oi
the democratic over other forms of
government. In 1891 he published an
essay entitled “How to Get Rich,”
. and maintained that native ability
and honest industry are quite suffi¬
cient to insure prosperity without the
aid of a college training. This essay
was severely criticised in many quar¬
ters, but Carnegie pointed to his own
success as an illustration, of his con¬
tention and the , argument was Quite
Irresistible. Among his other works
should be mentioned “The Gospel of
Wealth,” “A Life of John Watt,” and
"Problems of To-Day,” published in
1908.
Begins to Give Away Millions.
Once he had relieved himself of the
burden of attending to his great steel
Industry, Andrew Carnegie settled
down to be a philanthropist. In his
“Gospel of Wealth” he had enunciated
the proposition that a man who died
leaving millions to be divided among
his heirs died disgraced. He declared
that men of great wealth should dis-
tribute their millions during: their
lifetime in such manner as would be
for the greatest good, of humanity in
general. And he proceeded to carry
out the proposition in the way that
appealed to him most.
Having protected his own material
position and that of: his family, he
oeg-an to distribute millions every
year. A list of his benefactions pre¬
pared in November, 1911, showed that
at that time he had announced gifts
tn excess of $ 220 , 000 , 000 , among which
the most notable were his gifts for
the erection and equipment of
libraries.
» Castle in Scotland.
Andrew Carnegie was always do-
vo+ed to his native land, and when
fee had retired he purchased Skibo
Castle, standing in the midst of an
enormous estate in Sutherlandshire.
For his home town of Dunfermline
he evinced the greatest affection. He
donated many millions to found edu¬
cational institutions there, and pre¬
sented the town with a library, swim¬
ming bathe and other things designed |
solely to prove his remembrance of
the place that gave him birth.
His donation for the erection of the
Temple of Peace at The Hague, where i
The Hague Tribunal of International;
Arbitration cbuld hold its sessions,
showed how the civil war had im- 1
pressed him. His later years were}
devoted almost . exclusively to the
cause of world peace, and he wrote i
and. spoke on every possible occasion
™r the substitution of universal
arbitration instead of war, j
Seeks to Spread Englisk i.nngmage. I
Jt was because he believed that if the
English language could be spread until
it would become the universal lan¬
guage that the cause of world peace
would be greatly benefited that he con¬
ceived in his later years the idea of
a spelling reform. Remembering hia
telegraph operator days, he thought
that it would be a good scheme tc
reform the spelling of the language
by making, it more phonetic in its
spelling, or “fonotic,” as he wrote it
The somewhat phonetic Spelling oi
many telegraph operators stood but m
hi,s mind in this connection.
But despite his plea, for spelling re¬
form he was never able, to make any
substantial progress In this direction.
His respect for personal bravery
was shown by his creation of the Car¬
negie Hero Commission, to present
both money and medals to persona
who showed remarkable bravery in
the saving of human life in the or- i
dinary corral daily events. Hun- 1
dreds of m, women and children
have be', - a us rewarded by the Com¬
mission, . sums as large " as several
thousand dollars being donated in !
some instances of conspicuous brav¬
ery, ip which the hero had suffered
personal injury. , „- \
The culminating episode in Mr,
Carnegie’s benefactions cam© In No- i
vember, 1912, when he announced that
he had turned over to the’ Carnegie
Corporation of New York an addi¬
tional $100,000,000, in United States,
Steel gold bonds. This brought the ;
total amount of his gifts to this cor- l
poratlon to $125,000,000, of which, ;
however, $10,500,000 was transferred t
in July, 1913, to the Dunfermline
Trust fund, bringing the Dunfermline
donations up to $16,000,000.
Mr. Carnegie declared that in turn¬
ing over this huge sum to the Car¬
negie Corporation he had practically j
i given away all he possessed outside
I of a reserve fund of $25,000,000, which
1 he kept to take care of his personal
[ pension funds. In this manner he had
given away, up to November, 1912,
or arranged for the charitable or ed¬
ucational disposition of a grand total
of $325,000,000 in round numbers, in
addition to the reserve fund of
$25,000,000.
Main Terms of His Will.
He expressed himself as “very -
happy” that he had at last achieved
his dqsire and arranged for the dis¬
tribution of his immense fortune. It
was explained that Mr. Carnegie had
made his will, leaving suitable pro¬
vision . for Mrs. Carnegie, their -
daughter, Margaret, and other rela- ;
tives, friends and dependents. The
Carnegie Corporation had been named
in the will as residuary legatee, so
that everything not already turned
over to it would fall into its treasury
at his death. This would include the
reserve fund of $25,000,000 already
mentioned. Out of this fund Mr.
Carnegie made personal provision for
pensions for members of the United
States Military Telegraph Corps, in
which he took a deep interest, and
also for the widows and aged em¬
ployees of the Pittsburgh Division of
the Pennsylvania Railroad, of which
he was superintendent when a young
man.
The Carnegie Corporation of New
York was organized under a special
act of the Legislature in Albany in
1911. Its aims and objects are not
forth in the articles of incorporation
as follows:
“To promote the advancement and
diffusion of knowledge and under¬
standing among the people of the
United States by aiding technical
schools, institutions of higher learn¬
ing, libraries, scientific research, hero
funds, useful publications and by such
other agencies and means as shall
from time to time be found appro¬
priate.”
The marriage of Mr. Carnegie’s only
daughter, Margaret, on April 23 to
Ensign Roswell Miller, U. S. N., was
the last social affair the aged philan¬
thropist attended here. The ceremony
was performed at Mr. Carnegie’s town
house in the presence of one hundred
guests, the bride standing in a floral
bower and Scotch bagpipes playing in
accordance with her father’s wish.
The bridegroom, son of a former
President of the Chicago, Milwaukee
and St. Paul Railroad, who died in 1913,
had not completed his college course
when war was declared. It was said
at the time of the wedding that after
the honeymoon Mr. Miller and his bride
would go to Princeton, where he
would complete his studies before
entering upon a professional career.
His love of music led him to equip
hundreds of churches and institutions
with pipe organs. He never gave di¬
rectly any large sum to religious pur¬
poses. Of his organ gifts he said he
would hold himself responsible for
what the organ pealed forth on the
Sabbath, but not for what might be
said in the pulpit. One of his very
earliest gifts, as far back as 1891, was
the Carnegie Music Hall,; in New
York at a cost of $2,000,000, and as
President of the New York Philhar¬
monic Society he spent his money
liberally in furthering its ideals. He
also liberally backed the Pittsburgh
Orchestra. ' „ _
In his personal habits Mr, Carnegl©
was almost an ascetic. The frugal
tastes he formed in his boyhood clung
to him in affluence. He was a tee-;
totall er and it was his custom to give
his employees an advance of 10 per
cent, in their wages every year that
they reported to him that they had
not touched liquor during the pre¬
vious year. ^
WALL ST. MOURNS
DEATH OF CARNEGIE
Market Is Unaffected and Work
of Foundation Will Go
On as Projected.
While the death of Andrew Carne¬
gie caused profound regret through¬
out the financial district, it had no;
effect on the; market, as M!r. Carne¬
gie’s interests: have for years been
remote from Wall Street. In paying
tribute to the memory of the philan¬
thropist, men prominent in finance
speculated rather on the value of the
estate of one'whose ambition, when
he possessed one of the world’s great
fortunes, had been to did a poor man,
and to the effect his passing would
have on various foundations through
which his benefactions were admin¬
istered. Estimates of the wealth h.e;
retained ran to $350,000,000.
James Bertram, who for many years
was among the closest of Mr. Carne¬
gie’s friends, for several years his
secretary and now 'Secretary and a
Director of Carnegie Corporation of
New York, would not venture a guess
j at the amount of the Carnegie estate.
“Only the filing of the will can dis-
j. close the figures,” he said. “It would
be idle for me even to make an esti¬
mate. But in regard to the effect of
! Mr. Carnegie’s death on the corpora¬
tion, I can speak with authority.
There ‘will not be the slightest hitch
i in its work because its founder has
■ died. In fact,,it was partly to antici¬
pate such a Contingency that the cor¬
poration was formed.’*
Among the first to act on his death
were members of the United En¬
gineering Society and the Engineers*
Club. A meeting was immediately
j called in the club house in West 39th
■Street, which was the gift of Mr. Car¬
negie. Committees were appointed to
draw suitable resolutions and to ar¬
range memoral services. These ser¬
vices, which will be held in the club
building, will be attended by civil,
mining, mechanical and electrical en¬
gineers from all parts of the country.,
Death of His Friend a Loss j
to World, Says Schwab
“The world has lost a great man
•and a great benefactor to humanity,’’
was the comment of Charles M.
Schwab, Chairman of the Bethlehem
Steel Corporation,, when informed at
his country home at Loretto, Pa., of
the death of Mr. Carnegie.
“It would be difficult for me to find
words to express my love, and admira¬
tion for Mr. Carnegie, my friend, my
. partner v and associate for forty
years,” said Mr. Schwab. “He was
i the greatest man I ever knew, and he
had a heart so filled with tender
i sentiment, especially with reference,
! to his associates, as to make him be- ‘
loved as wel’l as admired by all tffige
[ who came into business or social con¬
tact with him.
“Mr. Carnegie possessed the fac¬
ulty of inspiring others to unusual
efforts in a greater measure than any
| man I ever knew, and he always won
by expressions of appreciation rather
I than by criticism."
Pittsburgh Lowers Flags
in Honor of Benefactor
PITTSBURGH, Aug. 11.—This city,
where Andrew Carnegie laid the
foundation for Ibis vast fortune in the
steel industry, to-day paid tribute to
the dead magnate. Immediately after
reading a despatch announcing Mr. |
Carnegie’s death, Mayor E. V, Bab-
: cock ordered all flags in the city at
half staff.
At the Carnegie Institute, the scene
of one of his philanthropic works,
plans were made to drape the build¬
ings with crape in respect to the ben-
1 efactor. News of Mr. Carnegie’s sud¬
den death spread rapidly through the
! city. At the steel mills which hear
| his name preparations were made to
i suspend work, and other institutions
in which he was interested planned
' similar acti on. _
Carnegie, Near End , Happy
Over League of Nations
One of the last letters written hy
Andrew Carnegie was addressed on
Aug. 9 to Charles C. James, a New
York broker, who made it public yes-
! terday. Referring to the League of
! Nations, Mr. Carnegie wrote:
“I rejoice in having lived to see the
I day when, as Burns puts it, ‘Man to
i man the world o’er shall be brothers
; and a’ that.’
i “I believe this happy condition is
j assured by the League of Nations and
! that civilization will now march stead-
lily forward, with no more great wars
1 to mar its progress.”
PHILANTHROPIST AND
STEEL KING DEAD AT 84
AUG 12 ’19
BENEFACTIONS OF CARNEGIE
TOTAL MORE THAN $350,000,000
WASHINGTON, Aug. 11.—Andrew Carnegie had given away $350,-
695,653 up to June 1, 1918, a compilation of his benefactions prepared
by the Carnegie Endowment for National Peace shows. His chief ben¬
efactions which attracted particular attention, were:
Endowment of Carnegie, Corporation..... $125,000,000
Libraries in the United States.... 40,000,000
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching... 29,250,000
Carnegie Institutes, Pittsburgh ... 26,719,380
Carnegie Institution (Washington) ... 22,300,000
Libraries abroad ..*.. • ... * 20,000,000
Hero Fund Commission ..... 10,540,000
Endowment for International Peace............ 10,000,000
Universities in Scotland ....... 10,000,000
Dunfermline Endowment ........... 5,000,000
Steel Company employees..... 5,000,000
Polytechnic School, Pittsburgh ...... 2,500,000
Allied Ebigineens’ Society .......-.. 1,500,000
Hero Fund (Dunfermline) . . ....* 1,250,000
Hero Fund (Germany) ....... 1,250,000
Hero Fund (France) ........ ... * .. 1,000,000
American Republics Building ..•.. 750,000
Galashiels Technical Schools ... 500,000
Allegheny Carnegie Institute' .......- 300,000
Braddoek Institute ..^.. 300,000
Duquesne, Pa., Institute ....... 300,000
Died Poor, Says Foundation Secretary
BOSTON, Aug. 11—Dr. Charles F. Thwing, President of West¬
ern Reserve University, Cleveland, and Secretary of the Carnegie Foun¬
dation for the Advancement of Teaching, who was here to-day, said:
“Mr. Carnegie died poor, as it is said he wished to die, in the sense
that he had given away the larger part of his fortune. He said to me
after he retired from business that he could have kept on and still
made money by the millions, but, he added, ‘Why not stop now?’”
ANDREW CARNEGIE.
A chipper little ibird-like man, wfho stowed no
unusual power or intellect, rising from lowliest
conditions, handicapped by the strangeness of a
new country, Andrew Carnegie was as striking
an illustration of opportunity in the Republic as
its chronicles of business romance have ever told.
In his case, as in many of his time, oppor¬
tunity spelled privilege. He prospered not be*
cause he was a better steel-maker than others
but toy favor of the Pennsylvania Railroad and
the United States Government. Rebates and tar¬
iffs were the abutments of his magic, it/idige from
poverty to wealth.. He was a product of the sys¬
tem that burdened the people to protect Ameri-
can labor and then imported foreign workmen to
| compete with American labor on its own soiL
Finally, his fortune was at once swollen and
safeguarded by the crowning industrial trust of
the nineteenth century.
Rut there was a softer side to Mr. Carnegie,
especially apparent after the Steel Trust relieved
him from the fighting-line. He never forgot Ms
humble youth or scorned Ms early associates.
And he was first and greatest in the growing
number of those who realize that vast private
wealth is affected with a public interest
Some ways in whirih. he disposed of his huge
means may seem debatable. Rut in devoting un¬
precedented riches to technical education and to
libraries to aid ambitious youth in self-instruc¬
tion he was true to the teachings of boyhood ex¬
perience. Hess fortunate uses of his money may
be ascribed less to his own faulty judgment than
to the terrific pressure to which he was at times
subjected.
The people and the public servants who per¬
mitted the conditions that made Camegies and
Rockefellers must share the blame for the injus¬
tice to others which their making wrought In
the use of Ms mushroom riches, Mr. Carnegie
gave evidence of sincerity, character and consci¬
entious thought on his public responsibilities. j
AUG 13 '19
MAN! WISH TO ATTEND
CARNEGIE'S FUNERAL
Among Them Are Old Associates
of Ironmaster in Such Number
as to Revise Plans.
IVEJNOX, Aug. 12.--The number of
those who will attend the funeral of
Andrew Carnegie at 10.30 o’clock
Thursday mor'nihg will be greater
■than was expected;. It was originally
planned to have it limited to com¬
paratively few, but so many close as¬
sociates of the great ironmaster have
expressed "their intention of being
present this has been found, impos¬
sible. '' ' .
While details of the services have
not been completed, it. is announced |
that the Rev. Dr. William Pierson 1
Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presby¬
terian Church-of In ew York, of which
Mrs. Carnegie is a member, will offi¬
ciate. >
Few friends of the family have ar¬
rived yet, but reservations were being
made at several hotels this evening.
The plans for the removal of the
body to Tarrytown, N. Y., have been
withheld, as it is the wish of the
family that the transfer be made with
as little publicity as possible. There
were few callers to-day at Shadow
“Very Serious. Loss,” Says Wilson
in Message to Mrs. Carnegie.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 12.—President
Wilson sent a message of condolence to
Mrs.. Andrew Carnegie to-day. It said:
‘May I express ray deep sympathy at
Brook.
the loss of your distinguished husband?
Hfe death constitutes a very serious
loss to the forces of humanity and en¬
lightened public service and takes out
of the world a force which it could ill
afford to spare.” ■
London Papers Filled With Stories
About Carnegie.
(Tilie Nw Xork World).
(Special Gable PeepatQh to Tbe WotW.
LONDON, Aug. -12.—All the papers
here devote several columns to obituary
notices of Andrew Carnegie, giving his
pithy sayings and characteristic stories
about him, although, as is pointed opt
in their editorials, his death came, when,
owing to various causes, he almost had
passed out of-public notice.
AUG 14*19
He Never Showed Preference for
Any Faith, Say His Friends—
Attended Brick Presby¬
terian Church in This City,
(Special to The World.)
LEIN OX, Mass., AUg. 13.—In a plain
mahogany casket with simple gun
metal handles lies the body of An-
Irew .Carengie. On the silver blate is:
“Andrew Carnegie, Born in Dun¬
fermline,: Scotland, November 25,1335.
Died at Lenox, Mass., August 11,
1919.” Simple funeral services will be
held to-morrow at 11 o'clock.
Before the details of the, funeral
services could be arranged, an effort
was made to learn what was Mr. Car¬
negie’s faith. Apparently none of his
family or friends was in position to
say. That e had attended the Brick
Presbyterian Church m New York
and. had been seen occasionally in the
Congregational Church here, that he
had given money and organs to
churches of various faiths, was all
that was known. , , - ,
Mr. Carnegie had expressed his be¬
lief : in God. in his writings. He had
old of the benefit of the church and
)f his belief in a hereafter. AH this
he wrote twenty years ago in a
pamphlet which was privately dis-
^TlSwhole meat of Ms work was his
3 wn observations of what ehurch-go-
il had done for men, of the results
ASS experiences with men who were
God-fearing ' and of the benefits to
their lives and character , by belief m
1 iJwJffinally decided that the ser¬
vices should be a modification of the
Presbyterian service, conducted jOin--
lv by the pastors of the New York
and Lenox churches. The details of
the ritual were not made known
Portions of Scripture will be read
by the Rev. Benson Wyman, pastor
of the Lenox Congregational Church,
and the remainder of the service by
the Rev. Dr. William Pierson Merrill,
AUG 15 '19
IN SLEEPY HOLLOW
Simple Services at Shadowbrook
Attended by Close Friends
Only Before Body Is
Taken to Cemetery.
NO EULOGY PRONOUNCED
AND NO PALLBEARERS.
Brick Church Pastor Uses the
Ritual of the Presby¬
terian Church.
i L33NOX, Mass., Aug. J4.—-Funeral
j services for Andrew Carnegie were
jheld at (Shadowbrook, his summer
I home here, to-day. There was no
| eulogy and there were no pallbearers.
One-half of the i sixty persons pres¬
ent were members of the household,
j The ritual of the! Presbyterian
j Church was used by the officiating
■ clergyman, the Rev. Dr. William
Pierson Merrill of the Brick Presby¬
terian Church, New York, which the
Carnegies attended and of which Mrs. j
Carnegie and her daughter, Mrs. Ros- ;
well Miller, were members. Dr. Mer- ;
rill Was assisted by the Rev. Benson
N. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox" Con¬
gregational Church, where Mrs. Car¬
negie frequently worshipped during
the summer.
The services were held in the great
reception room on the first floor at
the east end, of the mansion over¬
looking Lake Mahkeerac, one of the
beauty spots of the estate. j
With Mrs. Carnegie and her daugh-
ter, Mrs. Roswell Miller, were the
daughter’s husband, Ensign Miller,
Miss Estella Whitefield, a sister of
Mrs. Carnegie, Mrs. Morris Johnson,
a niece of Mr. Carnegie; his nephews
Andrew and Morris Carnegie, Mrs.
Carnegie’s private secretary, Archi¬
bald Barrow, and John Poynton, who
had long served the master of the
house in a similar capacity.
Among the others were Charles M.
Schwab, Robert; A. Franks; business
adviser of the ironmaster for many
years and Treasurer of the Carnegie
Corporation and of the Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of
Teaching; the Rev. Frederick H.
Lynch, who represented the Carnegie
Peace Foundation during the Peace
Conference at Paris; Oliver Ricket-
son; Mrs. Henry Phipps, wife of Mr.
Carnegie’s former partner, and her
son Howard; .Dr. R. S. Woodward,
President of the: Carnegie Institution
in Washington; Elihu Root jr., rep¬
resenting his father in the matter of
the Carnegie Endowment for-Inter¬
national Peace; Mr. and! Mrs. James
C. Greenway, Arthur A. Hammer-
schag, Director of the Camegie In¬
stitute in Pittsburgh; Mr. and Mrs.
Chauncey M. DepeW, Mrs. John E
Parsons, Mr. and Mrs. G. I. ■ Winthrdp.
and two daughters;- Mr. and Mrs.
’Charles Lanier and Mrs. „ Joseph H.
Choate, , ,■ . .. . ' ' ... . ..." '
; The services opened with the sing¬
ing of “O Love That Will Not Let
Me Go.” by a quartet froth the "Brick
Presbyterian Church; the Rev. Mt,
Wyman recited two prayers of the
ritual and followed with the. Lord’s
Prayer. The . quartet ,then sang “He
Leadeth Me.” Dr. Merrill read pab-
sages from the Psalms, and the sen
vice Closed with the singing of “Cross
ing the Bar.”
At the end of, the services ,the body
Was taken in a motor coach to Hills-:
dale, N. Y., where it was placed, in a
funeral coach attached to a New York
Central train and taken to the Sleepy
Hollow Cemetery at Tarry town, N. Y.
Most of those who attended the ser¬
vices went to the cemetery, Mrs,
Carnegie, her daughter and Other
members of the family making the
trip to Tarry town in Mr. Schwab’s'
private car. ...
The body of Andrew Carnegie was
interred in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
at Tarrytown, N. Y. Soon after 5
o’clock yesterday afternoon the
twenty-one ‘ mourners arrived, the
cemetery gates were closed and no
one was permitted to fcnter until the
services ended. f
The services were brief, and werej
conducted by the Rev. Dr. Merrill. j
Detectives will guard the grave for
twenty-four hours to prevent vandals
from disturbing it.
AtiC 28’19
MM ANNUITIES
Among Recipients Are Taft,
Lloyd George, Mrs. Roosevelt,
^ Officers of His Fund, Relatives
and Faithful Employees.
GIFTS TO CHARITY IN LIFE
EXCEEDED $350,000,000.
Widow, Already Provided For,
j Gets All Real Estate—Steel
! Master Kept Spirit of His
! Promise to Die Poor.
■i
! Andrew Carnegie’s will, which
was filed and probated in the record;
time of half an hour in the Surro-
I gate’s Court yesterday, disposed of;
an estate estimated at between
$25,000,000 and $30,000,000. This
was all he had left after giving
more than $350,000,000 to philan¬
thropic work, and, the' bulk of the
$30,000,000 goes to philanthropy t'ooj
being left under the will to the
COT^e establisfled in 1912 to
found and support libraries and ed¬
ucational institutions.
All Real Estate Goes to Widow.
Cash bequests ‘ amount to approxi¬
mately $1,000,000, given to relatives,
frjends, associates and faithful ser¬
vants. It provides annuities amount¬
ing to $300,000 yearly. All of his real
estate, houses, furniture, works of
art and other household properties
are., left to Mrs. Carnegie., The rest
goes to the Carnegie '. Corporation.
■The Home Trust Company of Hobo¬
ken, which Mr. Carnegie created for
the purpose, is made executor and
trustee.
The. will carries out the spirit of the
purpose announced by Carnegie in
when he wrote in “The Gospel of
Wealth” as follows; ‘The day is not
{far distant when the man who dies
behind , him millions of ■ avail¬
able wealth which Was free for him to
(administer during, life, will pass away
‘unwept, unhonored and unsung,’ no
matter to what use he leaves the
dross which he cannot take with him.
Of such as these the public verdict
will be, ‘The man who dies rich, dies
disgraced,? ”
Two paragraphs of the will in which
he remembers relatives, friends and
helpers are in Mr. Carnegie’s own
handwriting and. phrasing. The spell¬
ing is his own too, being “simplified”
in several places and incorrect as to
some of the names. One of the law¬
yers describes this portion of the , will
as “informal but valid.” Although
drawn originally in 19ll and revised
on Feb. 33, 1912, none of the maker’s j
r unt ways of writing were changed'
the final draft.
Provides for Possible Errors.
With true Scotch precaution another
clause in the will provides that in case
there is anything, legally amiss with
any of the bequests it shall go to his
wife. As a final precaution he, added
a codicil on March 31 last, five months
before his death, providing that .n
case Mrs. Carnegie should hot survive
him all bequests to her shall go to his
daughter Margaret, now Mrs. Ros- j
well Miller, wife of a United States
Naval Ensign.
The. real estate left to Mrs. Car- |
negie ‘ includes the , Fifth Avenue
home, the castle and lands at Skibo,
Scotland, and his country bohies in
Bar Harbor, Me., and Lenox, Mass, j
The value is not stated:but amounts j
to several millions. Regarding his j
provisions' for his wife and daughter,
the third clause of .the, will says; j
“Having years ago made provision
for my wife beyond her desires, and
ample to enable her to provide for
our beloved daughter Margaret, and
being unable to judge at present
what provision for our daughter will
best promote her happiness, I leave
to hCr mother the duty of providing
for hCr as her mother deems best A
mother’s love will, be the best guide.”
, Largest of Cash Bequests.
The principal direct ‘cash bequests
are: To Cooper Union, $60,000; mak¬
ing his. total gift to the institution
$750,000; to Pittsburgh University, ,
$200,000; to the Relief Fund of the
Authors’ Club of New York, $200,000;
to Hampton Institute, Virginia (a
negro educational institution), $300,-
000; to Stevens Institute, Hoboken,
$100,000 (additional); to the St. An¬
drew’s Society of New York, $ 100 , 000 .
The list of annuities covers a wide
range of relatives and friends, b ut
those most notable are to distin¬
guished men of America and Eng-
i
! land. Premier Lloyd George is to re¬
ceive $10,000 annually. The same an¬
nuity is given to “President Taft,”
who was in the White House when
the will was made. A marginal note
in Mr. Carnegie’s own handwriting
says this annuity has been trans¬
ferred to the fund of the Carnegie j
Corporation, which he created in 1912
' to pay pensions of $25,000 to future)
ex-Presidents or their widows.
Whether Mr. Taft is receiving the,
annuity now could not be learned. He
is on a vacation near Quebec, Canada. I
j The former widow of ex-President
Grover Cleveland, now Mrs. Thomas;
J. Preston jr. of Princeton, receives
' $ 5,000 yearly, and the same annuity
is given to Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt,)'
•widow of the ex-President. No men-j
tion of the Colonel is made in the!
will, although he was living when it!
was drawn. Cot Roosevelt opposed!
the idea of a Presidential pension;
fund when Mr. Carnegie first an¬
nounced it. Mr. Carnegie wrote out!
the provision as for “Mrs. Theodore!
Roosevelt, Oyster Bay.”
Other annuities are: To John
Burns, former labor leader in Parlia¬
ment, $5,000; to Viscount John Mor-
; ley, the English statesman-, essayist
and historian, $5,000; Thomas Burt,!
member of Parliament and "life Song I
friend,” $5,000; John Wilson, member!
of Parliament and “life lone friend,”
$5,000; Walter Damrosch of New
York, composer and conductor, $5,000,;
W. J. Tuttle, architect and Secretary
of the Oratorio Society of New York
(founded by the Damrosch family),
$3,000; George W. Cable* English
author, $5,000; Dr. Jasper J. Garrnany
of No. 40 West 40th Street,, New York,
$5,000.
$20,000 Yearly to II. A. Franks.
Most of the men prominently iden¬
tified with the various Carnegie in¬
stitutions are placed on the annuity
list for large amounts. An exception
is Elihu Root, Vice President of the
Carnegie Corporation. He was Mr.
Carnegie’s legal adviser and drafted J
the original will. Alexander King, j
Treasurer, and George W. King,
Secretary, of the Home Trust Com¬
pany, receive $5,000 each annually.
Robert A. Franks, President of the
Home Trust Company arid Vice
President of the Carnegie Corpora¬
tion, receives an annuity of $20,000—;
the largest granted under the will— 1
in addition to a direct bequest of the
house and grounds he occupies in !
Llewellen Park, Orange, N. J. Mr. j
Franks also was Mr. Carnegie’s finan- j
cial secretary.
Other Carnegie institutional heads j
placed on the annuity list are: Henry
D. S. Pritchett, President of the Car¬
negie Foundation for the Advance¬
ment of Teaching, $10,000; Robert S.
Woodward, President of the Carnegie
Institution, Washington,.$5,000; Sam¬
uel H. Church, railway and steel man,
President of the Carnegie Institute in
'Pittsburgh, $5,000; William J. IIol-
atefrd., noted zoologist and director of
tnm^ternegie Institute in Pittsburgh,
$5,000;" Arthur A. Hamerschlag (Mr.
Carnegie spelled - it “Hammers!aig,”)
Director of the Carnegie Institute of!
Technology in Pittsburgh, $5,000; Miss
West, a teacher in the Carnegie;
School, $5,000; Douglas Stewart, Cura- j
tor of the Carnegie Museum of Pitt§^
burgh, $5,000: John W. Beatty, head ;
of the art department of Carnegie 1
Institute, $5,000; William N. Frew. :
director in the Carnegie Corporation
(now dead), $5,000; L. Mt Wilmot, Seek
retail of the Carnegif Heroes Fund
of Pittsburgh, $5,000; James Bertram,
one of Mr. Carnegie’s secretaries, and
also Secretary of the Carnegie Cor- !
poration, $10,000; John A. Poynton,
personal secretary and trustee of the;
'-•^nmgie Corporation, $5,000. i
‘To each of my nephews or neices !
(so spelled), iharried, ten thousand;
dollars, to each nephew (the words i
or mege are crossed out), unmapi'ied,
five thousand dollars,” is the way the]
annuities begins. As an after!
thought, apparently, Mr. Carnegie ;
penned in this note: “I have no nieces I
unmarried. A. C.” - !
His Nephews and Yicces. |
The only nephews and nieces Mr. i
Carnegie left are the sons and daugh- |,
ters of his .brother, Thomas, who died
many years ago, leaving a large es¬
tate to his widow, Mrs. Lucy C. Car¬
negie of Pittsburgh, and the daugh¬
ters were Nancy, Florence and Mar-
garetta. Miss Nancy Carnegie be¬
came the second wife of James Hever,
a stableman, in 1904.
The other daughters married Pitts¬
burgh men and are now Mrs. Perkins
and Mrs. Ricketson. William C.
Carnegie married Ida C. Bell, a work¬
ingman’s daughter; his brother,
agfe orge. Lauder Carnegie, married
^Margaret Thaw, sister riof Harry
Thaw. The other brothers are
Thomas Morrison Carnegie, a director
of the Carnegie Foundation, and An¬
drew J. Carnegie, known as “An¬
drew Carnegie, second.”
The other relatives to whom an¬
nuities are given are Miss Stella
Whitfield ofjjow-York, sis^r^^
cousins, living in Dunfermline, Scot¬
land, $5,000 each.
Mrs. A. D. A. Stewart and Mrs. :
James R. Wilson, both of Pittsburgh,
receive $5,000 yearly each; Hugh Mor¬
rison of Edinburgh, “HeW,” Mr. Car- :
jriegie spells it; Mr. Hardie, the factor
at Skibo and his wife jointly, and
Miss Margaret B. Wilson, a teacher
in Hunter College this city, receive
$5,000 yearly. Davi$ Homer Bates, i
who was a telegrapher in the White
House during the Civil War, and is
now connected With the. Willcox &;
Gibbs Sewing / Machine 1 Company, re¬
ceives an annuity of $5,000. He is
eighty years, old.
He and Carnegie were telegraphers j
at the same period and lifelong j
friends. Sir Swire Smith, Member
of Parliament, receives $5,000 yearly.
The gift of the house and land at
Grange, N. J., to Mr. Franks and his
wife succeeding him is given, “As a
mark of friendship and affection for
both,” the will says. To Mrs. L. M.
Morris of Pittsburgh is bequeathed J
the house and property where Mrs.;
Morris lives with her daughters.
Faithful Servants Pensioned.
*“To George Irvine, our butler, who 1
has just resigned -after twenty-five
j 'years’ faithful service,” was left a
pension equal to one-half of his sal- ,
ary. In a marginal note Mr. Car¬
negie wrote: “This has been ar¬
ranged.” He made the same nota¬
tion with regard to bequests to
“Housekeeper Mrs.' Nicol, who still re- |
mains with us in her twenty-seventh
year of service;” to Nannie Lockerbie,;
our nurse, and to Maggie Anderson,
our oldest servant, each one at half
her present . ’earnings.”
“These four,” he wrote of the ser¬
vants just mentioned, “are as mem¬
bers of the family.”
To all household servants who have !
been with the family four years the j
will leaves $600 in cash; to all who .
have been with him eight years or i
more, $1,200; fifteen years or more, '
$ 2 , 000 ,
Then follows this provision for the j
faithful retinue at Skibo, including
the player of the bagpipes:
“To each head of departments at. j.'
Skibo, gamekeeper, forester, chauffer
(so spelled), Captain yacht, superin¬
tendent golf links, piper, gardner (so
spelled), &c., &c., there shall be paid
$1,000; if any have served ten years
or oyer, $1,500; if fifteen or over,
$ 2 , 000 ,
“To every laborer at Skibo upon our
payrolls who has served two years or
more, $50; if five years or over $100.
“A sum equal to two years’ rent
shall be remitted tp .each crofter as
rent accrues who is in good standing
among his neighbors.
“We are blest with fine people upon
Skibo estate, and our factor is direct¬
ed to grant a third year’s rent to the
crofters, provided it is spent upon
their homes to their improvement to i
the satisfaction of the factor.”
The will was filed at 11.30 o’clock
yesterday morning by Elihu Root jr.,
who was also one of the witnesses. :
Ordinarily several days are required j
before the final probate to allow for :
possible objection, but in this case
the will was accompanied by waivers ;
signed by Mrs. Carnegie, the widow,
and ’ Mrs. Miller, the daughter, and
was therefore admitted to probate 1
without-delay. The entire Process |.
took less than half am hour.
The other Witnesses are: Francis W.
Bird, lawyer, -arid Grenville Clark, law¬
yer, associated with Mr. - Root at No. j
31 Nassau Street. In a Statement
given out with copies of the will Mr. |
Root said:
“Mr.. Carnegie’s gifts to charity dur- !
ing his lifetime totalled somewhat in
> excess of $350,000,000. The value of his
estate is estimated at between $25,000,-
000 and $30,000,000. He really did
, divest himself of his great fortune for
( the benefit of mankind as he long ago
said that he would.”
The Carnegie Corporation was
created by act of Legislature in this
State in 1912. Mr. Carnegie started it-1
with $25,000,000 of United
Corporation 5 per cent, fi
bonds, which he later
$ 12$
AUG 30 ’19
The average college professor cannot live on
his salary; but if he can hold on until he is sev¬
enty years old or no, by doing pot boiling work on
the side, Mr. Carnegie has further endowed the
i fund for his pension.
AUG 31’19
The Carnegie annuity to John Burns has caused
critics of the British lalbor leader to recall his old
saying man is worth rooro than £500 a|
year.” Whether or not they are worth It, a
larger proportion of Workers are getting that. >
and more than ever before. Apparently only
“intellectuals," indtoding ooSSego professors, hare
to show cause why they also should have that
amount ofrdncomn.
AUG 30 ’19 .
THE Will OF ANDREW CARNEGIE.
Andrew Carnegie did not “die poor.” He did
during his lifetime dispose of more than nine-
tenths of his vast estate. A will of extraordinary
public interest carries out to the end his altruistic '
purposes.
The new gifts to institutions merely round out j
previous benefactions.-which were in their total j
greater than those of any other man. Thus the j
generous sum with which Mr. Carnegie came toi
the aid of the descendants of Peter Cooper, who!
were voluntarily carrying on that noble work, 1
Cooper Union, is increased, to $750,000. The Pitts-:
burgh University gets $200,000. It had already a i
munificent endowment.
The annuities to individuals go nearly all to
personal friends, but some of those friends have
rendered public service of conspicuous value.
Thomas Burt, the miner member of Parliament;
Mr. Lloyd George, Lord Morley, ex-President Taft,
Walter Damrosch, John Burns of Battersea—such;
names suggest the breadth of Mr. Carnegie’s in¬
terests on both sides of the sea. Annuities to
Mrs. Roosevelt and Mrs. Grover Cleveland (Mrs.
Preston) stand for self-evident reasons. The
Presidency of the United States is not a money-:
making job, and the widows of Presidents have
never been too generously treated by Congress.
No lack of the. ordinary family feeling has ever;
been or can he ascribed to Mr. Carnegie because
of his devoting the greater portion of his wealth
to general purposes. He has made, as he said,
ample provision for his wife and daughter. Mill¬
ions in multiples: have no relation whatever to
life’s satisfactions., What more precious posses¬
sion could' Mr. Carnegie devise his heirs than thei
fact that, in Mr. Root’s words, “he really did
divest himself of his -great fortune for the benefit,
of mankind, as he said he would”? ■
_
..."..
SEP 1 19
ANDREW CARNEGIE’S EXAMPLE.
Editor of The WwrW:
It may be that Andrew Carnegie's j
greatest service to the people is the \
example he has set £<>r those great
wealth. It would seem fitting that the
public show appreciation of this man
in some concrete form, but it is not a
propitious time for such a purpose, and
probably the. widely distributed libraries j
; he -was so instrumental in establishing
will serve to remind the people of an
uncommon man.
Here is one who goes so far as to
express the opinion that had Carnegie’s
sort been rather the rule than the ex¬
ception among the. very wealthy for the
past generation or two it would have
so beneficially influenced sentiment in
many quarters that the world would he
in a less serious mess to-day.
Vast concentrations of wealth, es¬
pecially when passed on to descen¬
dants virtually intact, are not relished
by many 1 , and the dissenters are by no j
means confined to Socialists. An ex¬
ample of this whs Andrew Carnegie !
himself, a man who preached a good
doctrine, and, moreover, ? practised what
he. preached. W. H. ©.
Brooklyn, Aug. SO.
—
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 77-82 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
/
ANDREW CARNEGIE DIES SI
MR, CARNEGIE DEAD
AT SUMMER HOME
AT LENOX, MASS,
Taken III on Friday WitH
Pneumonia
DIED AT 7:10 A. M. TO-DAY
Funeral Will Be Held From Home
and Will Be Strictly
Private.
Ljsnox, Mass., August 11.—Andrew
Carnegie, former, steel manufacturer
and widely known philanthropist, died
' at his, Lenox summer home, Shadow
Brook, at 7:10 o'clock this mornlfig,
.after an illness of less than three
days with bronchial pneumonia.. So
' sudden was his death that his daugh-
ter, Mrs. Roswell Miller, was unable
! to get to her fathers bedside before
he died. His wife and private secre¬
tary were with him at the end. Mr.
! Carnegie was in his eighty-fourth
year.
Announcement was made this after¬
noon that the .funeral of Andrew Car-
j negie would be held from the home
and would be strictly private. No
date was. given out.
Mr. Carnegie had spent most of the
summer in Lenox, coming here late
•in May, and up to a) few weeks ago
■ enjoyed himself in almost hiily Ash¬
ling trips on Lake Ma.hkeona.cs, which
borders his big Shadow Brook estate,
| and in v riding about Ms grounds. He
| was taken ill Friday ,“*
produce surprising results.— [London [ abandoned as unwise. In its place the
Iron Institute Address, 1903.
LOCAL TRIBUTES TO
'1C
when he : became connected with the
Carnegie ‘Corporation. .
Mr. Carnegie was my best, friend,”
he' gaid. "For twenty years I Waa ul¬
timately afsociated with him and his
kindness was unfailing. I saw him
for the last- time a- few months ago
and In spite of his age I had no idea
the end was so near.” '
•Shortly before Mr. Carnegie’s death
a recapitulation was. prepared and phb-
lished of the work of the Carnegie
Foundation for- the Advancement of
Teaching, his first and one of his larg¬
est benefactions. The foundation Was
created in 1905, primarily for the pay¬
ment of pensions to teachers and pro¬
fessors in the schools and private uni¬
versities of the United States, Canada
a,nd Newfoundland, and in the thirteen
years ending November, 1918, had paid
798 allowances and pensions amount¬
ing to a total of $6,260,500. -
The Foundation was endowed .with
$10,000,000 at its creation and an ad¬
ditional $5,000,000 was'given by Mr.
Carnegie in 1908 to enlarge its scope
so as to include: State universities, In
.1913 the founder made another gift
of $1,250,000- to the institution for the
specific purpose of endowing a division
of educational inquiry /for research
into methods- • of teaching and the
study of‘ educational pr oblems.
The heads, of the principal universi-
and then devoted.his fortune'jj.nd his
energy to the causes 'of education and
■peace. His libraries spread over- the
English-Speaking world, his Founda¬
tion for the- Advancement of Teach¬
ing, his aid to the causes :of peace and
: Pan-Americanism were '-wise gifts oi
.■enduring value and service.”
JJames B. Clevis of Henry Clews
CO,, bankers, said to-day: “The deati
of Mr. Carnegie, removes one of tin
greatest characters, the world has evei
known. In these days of labor. unrest
his career offers a fitting example oi
what can be accomplished by one com¬
mencing in the lowest station of life
when he possesses the necessary qual¬
ifications for rising and makes tile
; most ; of his 'opportunities. .
‘Viewed from almost any stand-
Foimdation Established’
by Him Recalled
ENDOWED WITH $225,000,000
•James Bertram; Secretary of the
Carnegie Corporation, an organisation
established in 1911 with a capital of
090,000. to perpetuate all Mr. Car-
/egic a educational benefactions, was
dee Ply moved by the news of his death.
Mi- Bertram was born twelve miles-
fr ° m the Bttle Scotch town of Dun¬
fermline, the birthplace of Mr. Car-
“ figie ’ and 'had been his private sec-
Ctary for many years prior to 1911,
Teachers’ .Insurance"and Annuity As¬
sociation of America was chattered
under the laws of New YoHL through|
which teachers are enabled to obtain,
’insurance policies and' hnituity con¬
tract by the payment of small monthly
sums. -The carrying out of this plan.,
is expected to absorb the ipcome of the
Foundation fpr .the,next fifty years.
George W. Perkins,, who' is chairman
of the finance committee of the Carne¬
gie Foundation, said: .
“I am deeply grieved to hear of Mr.
Carnegie’s death. He was a very
great American, . beloiiging t o that
class-which after the war hi 1865 was
quick to appreciate that we had a
united /country and .a 8'ieat opportu¬
nity. He grasped the new machinery
which inventors placed in our hands
at that time and with them threw all
his great mental energy into develop¬
ing our country. When" his active
business career closed, with the ,sam§
energy he gave a large percentage of
At the lowest rung of the ladder as
rapidly through the city. At the steel I
mills which bear his name, prepara-]
tions were made to Suspend work and 1
other institutions in which he was in¬
terested planned similar action.
CARNEGIfSEFFORTSFOR PEACE
Cause Was Nearest His Heart
Some of His Arguments.
In his later years perhaps nothin;
was closer to Mr. Carnegie’s heart
than his advocacy of international
peace. 1 Both here and abroad
preached his ideas; to afford a more,
practical basis for agreements, and
something tangible about which pro¬
point, it., seems almost incredible that) P° sals looking .to amity between na-
should have been able to start tions might centre, he gave millions-;
for buildings; $1,500,000 for the palace
messenger boy and work himself ur at The Ha ^ ue ’ ?750,000 fbr the Bureau
through various grades until finally he of American Republics at Washington,
became the .greatest manufacturer that
the universe has ever seen. The name
Andrew Carnegie will last fo? man:,'
ages to; borne, apt only; - however,
the foremost iron merchant, but ’fbr
his great works pf philanthropy- for
the bencfjt of mankind. Mr. Carnegie
Atlantic.
He first achieved a great success in
industry, a success which- he shared
liberally with his capable lieutenants,
City Where Mr. Carnegie Made
Fortune Pays Tribute to
Memory.
and the building at Cartago,' which
was badly damaged in the earthquake "
of May, 1910. His offer to lend Vene¬
zuela $360,000 ’to avoid war with Ger¬
many was an instance of how ready/"
he was, to , do anything in behalf cf/
peace. He was president' of the Peace
Societv pf the City of New York, and
an officer or member of several other 5
organizations with similar purposes. •:
Mr...Carnegie was one of the first to .
speak- out in favor of limitation of.
armaments by agreement. Curiously,
enough' the business of war and prep¬
aration for war was most to the ad¬
vantage of Mr. Carnegie’s iron and
steel interests, but this he did not con¬
sider/ For many years,/or until 1890^
he refused to make armor plate in his
mills, and it was only at the personal'
spli'citatidn of President .Harrison, who
urged it as Carnegie’s duty, that he did-:
•begin its manufacture.
The limitation- of armaments ' he
thought to be the- most-practical step
.at the outlet, but he looked also be¬
yond that to a time when all wars-
should cease.' In 1909 the peace so-;
cieties of New York and.Chicago, in.
meeting, called upon President Taft to,
invite a conference of the Powers with
the object of reaching, some limit of
War preparation by unanimous accept¬
ance. But . after a trip abroad, he
changed his mihd on cne point, and in
a letter to the London Times said that
the first move should come from Eng¬
land, which had been chief offender in
furthering the “ruinous competition.”
all truth, and soberness,” hej
wrote, "it should no longer be permis¬
sible for any two Powers in jealous
rivalry to build dreadnoughts - con¬
tingent upon what each other may
do, thus coinpelling all other nayal
[powers to follow their ruinous and,
in this the twentieth century, sad¬
dening example, or to become de¬
fenceless. /
“This is no mere .German-British
affair. It ts a world-wide isstre, ana
the next step, momentous as' it may
prove for good or evil, is apparently
for Britain to take as the inventor
and .first adopter of the dreadnought.
“Whatever the final -result; if Brit.-,
ain played‘the part of peacemaker, as;
suggested,. she would have the moral
Pittsburgh, August 11.—In this
city, where Andrew Carnegie laid the
foundation for his vast fortune in the
steel business, immediately after read¬
ing the Associated Press' dispatch .an¬
nouncing Mr. Carnegie^ death, Mayor
E. V. Babcock ordered all flags low¬
ered to half-mast. At the Carnegiejj slIp port of the enlightened public sen-
institute, the scene of ■ one of Ins
philanthropic works, plans were made
to drape the buildings with cfepe.
timent of the world with her, a tower
of strength;. If repulsed she would
‘have her quarrel just. It is - not .for
News of Mr. Carnegie’s death spread! any non-eitizen ‘to advise; she will
.-choose hear own path; certain it -is, !
hpwever, she could-play no nobler part
h.oY one that would; redound in history i
more to her honor-and glory, illus¬
trious as that history is; for henceforth J
;■ it ; is the triumphs or peace through j
j ■conciliation, not those • of brutal war
through the slaughter of our fellow-
mien, that-are".to make nations vene¬
rated in'‘after ages.
“I write as _one who loves his native
land.” -
'Again, at the opening session of the
- National Peace Congress, in 1907, over
1 which he presided, Mr. Carnegie took
j issue; with President Roosevelt for
writing a letter" in the course of which
j he said that if righteousness and peace
were at,odds the cause of righteous¬
ness should be espoused.. Always, nota-
! bly ready to speak his mind, Mr. Car-
i negie left off reading his manuscript,
which be seldom did in his more for¬
mal addresses, and for several minutes
attached President Roosevelts posi¬
tion. He said in part:
We often near justice contrasted
. with arbitration. Arbitration is the
! essence of justice. But what is the
first principle of justice? Junius tells,
us that the first principle of justice
is that men should not be judges in
their own cause. When a man refuses
;to submit his dispute to arbitration het
i is unjust 1 .
j We have heard righteousness eon-
j trasted with peace; Why, 1 tell you
; that righteousness and peace cannot
j be divorced. Imagine the state of |
mind of that man who insists that they j
can be divorced. Whatcould be great-
:6r righteousness than peace on earth,
igood will toward men?
The man who assumes that he is
right and insists on judging his own
course has not the proper sense either
of justice, or of righteousness. It is i
the man who offers to .submit his
■cause to a righteous judge that em¬
braces the ‘'righteousness-that exalteth
a nation.”
HUGH’19
ffibenmg fioft 1
FOUNDED i s o 1 j
New "Sort', .Monday, August .11, 1910. j
MR. CARNEGIE. ’7
Curiosity about the methods by?
which Mr. Carnegie acquired his
j great fortune long since lapsed into
interest in the ways he chose to dis¬
tribute it for the public benefit.
This is true of Americans and also
of the world outside. For Mr. Car- ;
negie's name was one of the few
which the United States has sent
forth to captivate the general' imag¬
ination. Not merely the glamour'
j of a very rich man encircled him.
’There was the appeal also of his
personal peculiarities—the fashion
in which he set about meeting the
distinct problem that faces the mod-
■ era multi-millionaire.
Mr. Carnegie met his, it cannot be
denied, with great success. Irre¬
spective of what he did, there was
that in his manner of doing it which
revealed something like genius in
hitting off the popular taste. At¬
taining possession of enormous
wealth at an age which for most
men would have meant late in life,
he gave himself with zest for more
| than twenty years to its dispersal.
He was that rare creature, the
jolly millionaire, hail fellow well
| met with all sorts and conditions of
| men, giving away vast sums with a
i laugh, posing as a kind of Brother
; Cheeryble, with good humor and j
merriment bubbling from him on all ,
occasions. No one ever thought of
Andrew Carnegie as a gloomy ac- j
cumulator of riches, with a passion
for great wealth growing by what
it fed upon", or as. a miserly type.
Instead of being looked upon with !
suspicion and aversion, he made
himself a Jkind of breezy familiar of
the people. They often smiled at;
things he said or did, but they liked ■
; ■j-jie man. He was so demonstra- j
tively democratic; so almost up¬
roarious in his fondness for giving;
away millions ; so expansive in his .
confidences to the public, such as j
importing his determination to die J
a poor man. In a time of bitter J
social feeling and breathings of an:-
mostly against rich men, Andrew |
Carnegie so bore himself that it was ,
impossible to use him as a red rag !
' to anarchists.
All this was a greater achieve¬
ment than some might think. The j
; role of the fabulously rich has al¬
ways been difficult, never more sc I
than now. From the late days of j
the Roman Republic down through
the Middle Ages, the men of great
wealth naa to act, whether they
would or not, under a species of
public demand that they make a
public use of part - of their heaped-
,up money. They might be under a!
sort of compulsion to build public ‘
baths in Herculaneum or, later, ajj
: church in Vienna. Always there j
was a jealous watchfulness over j
( their, accumulations and their gifts,
i and the latter were often' virtually T
! extorted. But Mr. Carnegie sprang
! forward to volunteer his benefac¬
tions. Of his own motion he be¬
gan to scatter his wealth in fructi- 1
- fying. showers. He had his own
notions of philanthropy. The Car¬
negie libraries; sown throughout the
land, were probably his chief pride
j —-and highly useful they have been,
i But he took skilled' advice, and his
(endowment of research, of techni-
’ cal schools, , with his ambitious
scheme of teachers’ pensions, spoke.
. of his readiness to respond to ideas,
and of his generosity in advancing
them. In all, however, it was the'
'tone and attitude of the map that !
proved his real sagacity in reading
the signs of the times. No one ever
voluntarily parted with so many
| millions so ingratiatingly as An¬
drew Carnegie.
There were, of course, aspects of
i his career which grated a little on j
j the finest intelligence and taste. His!
political views were crude. His
opinions on literature and on his¬
tory were rather Philistine. But in
the things that most count he stood
the test. His friendships were a
tribute to him. ' John Morley is
. about as far from being a snob as
any man of our time; be is both
discriminating and fastidious. Yet]
John Morley was long a close)
, friend and an admirer of Andrewj
Carnegie. And in hts recent recob]
1 lections there is a passage in which]
; he says the best thing that can be‘
! said of Mr. Carnegie. His foibles]
Lord Morley was perfectly aware!
of; his commonplace views on many
\ subjects must often have been the
! cause of tolerant amusement to the
critic and philosopher ; yet he put
them all aside to say simply : “Mr.
; Carnegie had an eye for the great ,
things of life.” This is true; and.
]it is praise and epitaph enough. ;j
$60,000,000 FOR LIBRARIES
Carnegie Gave More Than 3,000
Buildings—Describes His Method
To jgive free books to' 20 .per cent.
! of. the English-speaking world would
j seem an impossible achievement for
one man, but this was what Mr. Car-
I negie did, at sV cost of mope than $60,-
, 000,000. Besides, this, iu keeping with
; his mottb__of'“help ' those who help
i themselves,” he induced people to give
S to libraries .thefnselves,. and to take an
i interest in them. So, when- hb offered
3 $5,200,000 to New York city to con-
ij struct seventy- eight library buildings,
! l it was estimated - teat it would take
! $500,00-0 ‘a year' to njaintain them, not
,] to count the.,cost fit Site's and books.
|! There would-be few now to say that
: i the libraries'have not./been worth the
IJ city’s expenditure:-
j Beginning with a, little collection of
! books which Mr.. Carnegie offered to
j! the’Mechanics’ .Institute, and Mercan-
tile Library- in Pittsburgh more than
■i thirty-five years ago, the ironmaster
j! gave more than .3,000 buildings in his
( lifetime ' in places as far apart as
j! New York city and the Fiji Islands,
i What his- own, views were on this
I! phase of Ms philanthropies, which, be¬
ll cause of. its magnitude,/is perhaps
] most, associated with his name, he told
j i himself. He said:
( My secretary tells me we have given
i more than 3,000 library buildings, all
’under the''same conditions, scattered
I among, the English-speaking peoples
(of the .globe, including New Zealand,
; the West Indies,:' Australia, and all
1 English-speaking countries. So far
i Canada-has taken almost as many as
j our own land Tn proportion to popu-
] lation. ,
I like library giving for one reason
I particularly. The library gives nothing
j for nothing. The youth ^ho is im¬
proved by-It must cooperate. If he
does not read and study he finds no
reward. Nothing for nothing is the
law within-the walls. Help yourself is
’ the decree. .....
I Free "public ..libraries are the cradles.
J of triumphant democracy. The work¬
ing man showing, his friends who have
’ come to- visit' him the- buildings of the
town can stop as he comes in sight of
the" library, which I rejoice to say is
r almost withoirt exception ah ornament
i to the town, and ,say to his- astonished
] guests: “Here is my property. l am
j an owner of this building. The Mayor
i has not any more rights within’its
walls than i have. I am part owner
I with him.”
SEGAN WORK IN FACTORY
AT $1.20 WEEKLY WAGE
AUu iO
SKETCH OF THE CAREER OF
NDREW CARNEGIE, IRONMASTEI
Ian Who Amassed Fortune of Hundreds of
Millions Started as “Bobbin Boy,” Then
.Became Telegraph Messenger
Andrew Carnegie 'was foremost in
things, in steel making and
jhilanthropy. His life and career were
Eteh held—by himself especially—to
typical of the opportunities offered
the United States, where, as ^he
amplified, a boy of humble origin
right rise to the; top with no other
eck than-that set by his own abili-
3S and, character. From the home of
master weaver in Dunfermline, then
the job of a bobbin boy in Al-
gheny City at $1.20 a week to a
irtune of hundreds of millions ^mea-
ired his acquirement of riches;
brought to him also! an insight t
according to his own statement, not a
dollar of it was made in Stock Ex¬
change' transactions., His breast
swelled with pride when he told the
veteran telegraph employees, ait one
of their anniversary dinners: “Gen¬
tlemen, it is a good day for this coun¬
try when the stock gamblers come to
grief, ahd I wish I could invent a sys¬
tem whereby both parties to stock
gambling would suffer. I am speak¬
ing now as a business man and
one who never made a dollar by gam¬
bling in stocks, and who would as
soon make it that way as by playing
cards, bridge whist, and so on.”
Only a short time before his retire-
... its responsibilities, and a cheery j merrt he was planning the absolute
Ihilosophy of his duty toward his (domination of the steel world by con¬
eighbor. the acceptance of which qUests more daring than he had yet
lade him “the happiest rich man in con fc e mplated. Had ho been twenty
. me rjca.” He was easily first among
hilanthropists; his gifts totalled three
united and twenty-five millions of
ollars. This vast sum, constituting
he bulk of his accumulations, did not
iciiide countless personal gifts, hut
s the amount turned back by him
the public to be used in the cause
human betterment. Its bestowal,
hrough a period of nearly twenty
ears, came to embrace the broadest
eld yet touched by one man, until
s giver was called "the mightiest
ngine for good to his fellow men.”
The chief causes which Mr. Car-
egie sought to stimulate by his bene-
actions are these: The promotion of
ood reading through public libraries,
he cause of scientific research through
research institution, higher educa-
on through the . Carnegie Foundation,
.uman idealism through a Hero Fund,
ntcrnational peace through a peace
mdowment, discriminating [ phil-
mthropy through the Carnegie Cor¬
poration, and service to the citv that
was-longest his home and the scene
of his business career through the
Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh.
Two rules of Mr. Carnegie’s busi¬
ness success, which in itself was prac¬
tically identical with the whole history
of steel, were his ready recognition
and seizure' of opportunity and. his
keen perception of worth in other
men. A few years ago he boasted, at
a dinner in Washington, that he had
made forty-two millionaires. Some
said that Mr. Carnegie’s asso-
really made his mcney for him;
it was nevertheless true that he
brought these men and opportunity
together and gave their efforts direc¬
tion, Always an aggressive business
man, carrying his projects far beyond
ike vision of his partners, he tri¬
umphed in the end by confidence in ;!
himself and in steel.
The ironmaster’s fortune of hun-j
dreds of millions was unTque in that, S.
years younger the history of the in¬
dustry would have been altogether
different. He left his business cares
and the making of money to work
quite as earnestly in philanthropy,
and 'to make good in part his oft-
quoted declaration that “the man who
dies rich dies disgraced.”
Above all his personal characteris¬
tics should he put Mr, (Carnegie’s 5
frankness, his unexpectedness, and his
humor. Apparently with no self-con-
seriousness, ho courted rather than
avoided publicity. Probably the name
of no private citizen appeared more
frequently in the press. He generally
insisted that his name be attached to
his gifts. ; One of the most famous
instances when his name was brought
into prominence was in the spectac¬
ular operations of Mrs. Cassie L.
Chadwick, the woman swindler whose
forged notes for $250,000 and $500,000,
said to have been signed by Carnegie,
’ wrecked the Citizens’ National Bank
of 'Cleveland.
With the simple belief of one who
had no doubt that all would take his
words and deeds as his honest convic¬
tions, his was a most 1 'engaging per¬
sonality. He never masked his feel-
ingsy lie wept unaffectedly at Pitts¬
burgh’s shame, and was ' openly de¬
lighted with his honors and praises.
His sturdy independence of thought,
wh; '.i ran, in some opinions, to down¬
right vagaries, was got from his
Eqiher, the master weaver of Dtln-
fe.r.mline. Certain i{ was that Car¬
rel- i?. did his own 'thinking, and gave
ivi- opinions freely on anything. The-
man who declared that “Uncle Joe”
on . was most like Lincoln had,
ij ’cod, a novel viewpoint. Simplified
was one of his hobbies.
... his -doctrine of - peace,
giving only to those who
omselves, and the unhappi-
duties. of . wealth. ' .
'/•: g in San; Francisco/'a few
af ci- the financial stress'’of-1907,
he. astonished his hearers -by saying
that he could have made an extra
$50,000,000 at that time, but “I saw
that this additional $50,000,000 would j
simply add to my burdens, and I ,
didn’t wish the money.”
He proposed radical measures fop
dealing with the problems of-wealth.
He advocated an inheritance tax of
50 per cent, and other duties, instead
of an income tax, which he said would
make a nation of liars. A capitalist
whose fortune was in steel and iron,
his views on the need of tariff protec¬
tion were enough to create consterna¬
tion among-,, those interests. Perhaps
the true Carnegie was never better
shown than when he testified before
the Ways and Means Committee of
the House of 1909, then engaged in
framing the Pavne tariff measure. In
a joking way he denied all the state¬
ments of the hungry protectionists,
and made the session almost a comic-
opera performance. He went further
in extended articles in magazines.
Mr. Carnegie’s ideas were of the es¬
sence of democracy and equality. He
was quite as much at ease among his
distinguished friends abroad as among
his laborers in this country. The
dominant republicanism in his book,
“The Triumph 5 of Democracy,” gave
offence in certain quarters of Eng¬
land, and the grand jury of the city
of Wolverhampton went so far' as to
denounce ythis volume as a “treason¬
able production.”
So great was his love for democracy
that at the time of the occupation of
the Philippines, when trouble with the
natives was imminent, Mr. Carnegie
went to President McKinley and of¬
fered to pay the $20,000,000 which this
country had given for the islands if
the President wiould. give him the com¬
mission of going at once to Manila
and th&re announcing to the natives
that their independence would soon be
granted. This offer was made private¬
ly, and was not known for many
years. Mr. Carnegie was an .ardent
anti-imperialist from the beginning.
Notwithstanding his great wealth
he took pleasure simply, While a fre¬
quent visitor at the opera, he owned
no box, but sat in the body iof the
house.. He was fond \of the stage. He
travelled widely, but until his last few
years did not own a private car. One
day, in the course of the formation of
the steel combination, he was irtvited
to come up from Atlantic City. A pri¬
vate car was provided. He entered, sat
a while, then said to his companion:
’Don’t this bore you here—you and I
all alone? Let’s go into the day smok¬
er where there are people.”
Always an omnivorous reader, he
was particularly devoted to Shake¬
speare. A reading of some part of
Shakespeare was almost a daily pleas¬
ure. He filled his home with the best
works of literature and art. He
an enormous amount of periodical
literature also, more than a dozen
daily newspapers regularly, several
of' To-day” (190,9). His mind was
eager for knowledge, and in any sub¬
ject which caught his interest he took
great pains to inform himself minute¬
ly. All of his writings and his ad¬
dresses were of exceptional originali¬
ty. He had no college education, and
considered that such training was of
doubtful benefit in commercial life,
but he conceded the wider advantages
of education, -and gave liberally to
such institutions, - maintaining that
from wisdom a man might get more
happiness than from wealth. He ac¬
cepted $everal honorary degrees from
.universities, and in 1903 was made
Lord Rector of St. Andrew’s Uni¬
versity.
He loved his mother country de¬
votedly. How he regarded Scotland
and his adopted country he himself told
in his address before the Worshipful
Company of Plumbers in London, when
he said:
“I stand before you ns a repre¬
sentative of both the old and the
new, being neither exclusively of one
nor the other, yet of' both—a Scottish-
American—one my native and the
other my adopted country. I like to
think of them as mother and wife,
both to be greatly loved. Such they
are to me. I never see the two flags
as I see them before, me now with-.
; out feeling a lump in my throat. For
5 nany years since there has floated
from my castle in Scotland a double
flag, the Stars and Stripes and the
Union Jack sewn together. It floats
there now—a symbol heralding, I be¬
lieve, what is to come.” ;
In 1887 the, iron master married
Miss Louise Whitfield, of Elmira, N.
Y. Only one child was born to them,.
a daughter, in 1897, whom they named
Margaret. For two years she was in
delicate health and was compelled to
(wear a steel brace because of air in¬
jury received in play. But: she grow
to healthful, even sturdy, womanhood.
Miss Carnegie became the bride of
Ensign Roswell. Miller, U. S. N., at
the New York home of her parents,
on April 22, 1919.
u
Apprenticeship”
as a Business Man
literary, and trade weeklies, and the
important monthlies.
As an author, Mr. Carnegie's writ¬
ings included: > “An American Four-
in-TTjina in Britain” (1883), "Round
the World” (1884), “Triumphant De-
mocracy” (1886), “The Gospel of;
Wealth” (1900), “The Empire of Bust- j
ness” (1902), (this was'translated in-;
to eight languages), “The Life of
James Watt” (1906), and “Problems
Andrew Carnegie was .born on No¬
vember 26, 1835, at Dunfermline, six¬
teen miles northwest of Edinburgh, in
Fifeshire,' Scotland. His early career,
in its simplicity and hard-working ef¬
forts, he has himself told with his ac¬
customed frankness, as follows:
When: I was born my father; was a
well-to-do master weaver in Dunferm¬
line, Scotland. He owned no less than
four damask looms and employed ap¬
prentices. This was before the days o.i
steam factories for the manufacture of
linen. A few large merchants. took
orders, and employed “master , weav¬
ers,” such as my father, tq weave the
cloth, the merchants supplying the
materials.
As the’ factory system developed
hand-loom weaving naturally, declined,
and my father was one of the sufferers
by the change. The first serious lesson
of my life came to me one'day when
he had taken in the last of his work
to the merchant, and returned to our
little home greatly distressed because
there was no more work ,for him to do.
I was then just about ten years of age,
but the lesson • burned into my heart,
and I resolved then that “the wolf of
poverty” should be driven from our
door some day, if I could do it.
The question of selling the old
looms and:, starting, for the United
States came up in the family council,
and I heard it 'discussed front day to
day It was finally resolved to take
the plunge - and join relatives already
in ..Pittsburgh. I ..well remember that
neither father nor mother thought, the
change, would be otherwise than a
great sacrifibe for them, but that 1
would be better for our two run trains, by telegraph or attend ib.|
j boys.
”, Arriving in Allegheny City— four o:
jus: father, mother, my younger
brother, and myself—father entered a
■ cotton factory; I soon followed, and
served as a “bobbin boy,” and this is ,
how I began my preparation for sub-*
/sequent apprenticeship as a business
man. I received $1.20 a week, and
was then just about twelve.years old.
I cannot tell you how proucl I was
when I received my first week’s own
'earnings. One dollar and twenty cents
made by myself and given to *me be-
'•pause I had been of some, use the
world. I have had since to deal with
■great sums, many millions of dollars
have sincfe passed .through mv harm
.. wreck, and Mr.,, '.Scott and, I, his
successor, were two of the most fool¬
ish men I have [-eypr known in this 1
respect.
One • day Mr. Scott, who" was the
kindest of men and had taken, a great
fancy for me, asked if ,1 had, or could
find, five'' hundred dollars to invest.
Here''the business instinct came into
play," and. I felt 'that"tHe door being
'opened for a business investment with
my- chief, it would be : wilful living in
.the face of Providence if I ; aid .'not
jump at. it, and I, answered,, prompt¬
ly, “Yes, sir, I think I can.” -‘-‘Very]
well,” lie said v > “gAt it. A man liar
just died who owns ten s hare s, in tip
Adams Express Company Which
Developed American Iron and Stes
Carnegie Had the-Vision to See Further Than Any OthJ
This Industry’s Possibilities and the Energy to
Lead—History of His Ventures
but . . . for genuine satisfaction,. want yo {j to buy. it will, cost you
I tell you that one dollar and twenty dollars per share,'and I can help'
.cents, outweighs;;dll. It was the direct with a little balance if. you cap-'
reward of holiest manual labor; it not raise it all >>
represented a week of very hard workj -phO family had managed by this
so hard; that, but for the aim ana end! y me t 0 purchase a small house, and)
Which sanctified it slavery might Apt paid f or ' it fn order to save. rent. Mjrl
be much too strong a term to describe? recollection Is that it was worth eight:
Carnegie’s name, will" remain in¬
separably associated with the . most
astonishing period of development in
American iron , and steel. , It was he,
despite accounts of subordinate parts
that were played, who united and de¬
veloped them. The Keystone Com¬
pany was his first venture. He saw
clearly the end of wooden bridges.
His- company built, the firist. great
bridge over the Ohio River; and the
Union Iron Mills appeared in a few
years -as the natural outgrowth of .this
ramifying', industry.
An.; so it was. Carnfegie, the - Steel,
•men tell you, ivas never a. practical
steel-maker. His genius for organiza¬
tion, or', combination, and”for general¬
ship , made' his success. . ■■■ Even : ,qt : f this
.. . , —- — - - - ..first undertaking Andrew Carnegie
some day get. irito a better position, morffiked “to give our -oy a start. 1 , . h ;, t m** f ,K 0 ,. t t! , P nVint V
Besides this, I felt myself no longer a Adams Express then paid monthly ^ayed but s p.U.c .bout uie P-an . U
bo- but quite “a little man”; an<| this' dividends, of 1 per cent,, and '.the, first, was his patt to .travel, make acquaint -
made me happy. , «. ! check for $10 arrived. J can see w,anc^,'arid get orders,^ rind this he'did.
A change Soon came, for a kind old! now, and I well remember the signa- f w jth wonderful success. He picked
'■ Scotsman who made bobbins knew ture of “J. C. Babcock, cashier who. friends ever y where, and those of the
some of our relatives, and took me into; wrote a big'John Hancock hand. ^ Washinffton New Y ork,
ihis factory before i waf. thirteen. But: Mr. Carnegie’s: ; first : considerable, ’ ( ’ , u .
here for a time it was even worse' sum of m0 ney was made from this an< ^ abroad - Long before hi
than in the cotton factory, because I , 0 , nma * mPT1 t fPullman af-
Was set to fire a boiler in the. cellar, sleeping-car ^vestment -(Pullmap at
and actually, to run the small steam ienvard absorbed.the Woodruff Lom-
rngine which drove the machinery, pany); then, having been thirteen
.,„ , ... . hundred dollars. .
| For a lad . of twelve to rise and; - T - ie ma t1er was laid before thej
'breakfast every morning, except the council of three that night, and the,
[blessed Sunday morning, and go out orac j G spoke:
.into the streets and hi? way to “Must be done. Mortgage our 1
! the factory and begin Work while; It, house.’ I will take the steamer in' the
was still dark outside, and not be re- morning for Ohio and see uncle and,
■ leased until after darkness came again! ask him to arrange it. T am sure he
in the evening—forty .minutes: interyalj C an.” This was done. Of course, herj
■ only being 1 allowed at noon—was a. visit was successful—wnere did-she:
terrible task. But I was young and: eV er fail ? The money was procured,!
bad my dreams, and something within pa id over, ten' 'shares -of Adams Ex-|
' always told me that this would not;' prCSg Company stock, was mine, but noj
could nor, should not last; I should ono knew our little home had been
per cent,
per. cent,
per: cent,
per cent.
1882, 42 per dent,; Lg»o
-1884. 26 per cent; 1 g 24
. The firing of the boiler was all right,
, for, fortunately, we did not use coal,
hut the refuse wooden chips, and I
!always liked to work in wood; but the
j responsibility of keeping the water
1 right and of running the engine and.
!the danger of my making a mistake
and blowing the .whole factory to
: pieces caused too great a strain, and
I often awoke arid found myself sit-
I ting up in bed through the night try-
, ing the steam gauges.
J But I never told them at home that
T was having a “hard tussle.”
i I como now -to the. third step in my
: apprenilcea^ipr^-fbr I. had _ already
, taken two, /as you! .; see—tho^ “cott
years' with .the Pennsylvania Railroad
and risen to be superintendent of 'a
division, he observed that wooden
bridges were used exclusively,
i saw that wooden bridges would not ,
and abroad.
had! made 'him famous,” says one of
his* biographers, “he was the personal
friend of* Gladstone, Rosebery, Mat¬
thew 'Arnold,[..Herbert Spencer, John
Morley, and James Bryce.” Older men
in the Pittsburgh; district looked'ask¬
ance at Canicgi.e , 's [‘flighty” ways and
predicted■ .'.'grief for his , enterprises;
1 ST-SS? «■»«»> ml P ortant "business men ro-
company in Pittsburgh to build iron/fusci. to;, be connected with /his-corn-
bridges.' * Here, again, I had recourse- pan i ;?l
■to the .'bank, because mv share of J.he i^e forrnation of Carnegie
S ™
we began the dveystone Bridge-Works,/.Of $5,000,000, pf which Anarew Car-
which . proved a great success.. Thi^megie held an interest of $2,737,977.95
iIIMq 9, nt: 1887 - 69
, , 1888 > 39 Per cent.. Carnegie
got most of the profits, and in thew
year named had increased hi s original
capital—a -quarter of a million in is 7 ,
—just sixty-told Nearly all hl a paS
-ners dropped out; Henry Papps alone
was left. 1 he names associated with
the development . of the company bring
back tne memories of the old pioneJ
days in their roughness and rornan e
fe.. T ' hei ' ( ; were Thomas N. Miller’
William (,o ernan, Andrew Kloman’,
J. Edgar Thomson, Col. Thomas A
Scott, David MeCandless, William 0
Shinn, John Scott, Thomas M. Car¬
negie, David A. Stewart, John W
Vandervoort, and 'others. Carnegie’
long before the number of his asso*
ciates had become fewer and fewer
had dreams of absolutism in the em¬
pire of steel..
It was in -1889 that Henry Clay Prick
entered the Carnegie Company, as an
organizer and head of the concern.
With his aid Carnegie won notable
victories, in the acquisition of the
famous Homestead works, which paid
for themselves in two years, and in
1890. the Duquesne plant, built a s a
rival, and which repaid its cost into
the Carnegie till in just one year. In
1892 the capital ^vas increased to $25,-
000,000,/ Frick ousted all the railroads
which were quarrelling for business
and built the Union Railway.
Shortly afterwards, in 1892, Frick
met Henry \Y. Oliver, who owned the
Mesaba ore lands.
“Why, cannot we' go in with you in
this Mesaba ore ; business?” asked
Frick. J
“On what terms?” answered Oliver.
“Give us five-sixths of your ore
Stock and we will lerifl you half a mill¬
ion dollars to, develop -your mines.”.
, In , this way the property now
worth tens of millions was got for prac-
jj ticapy ; nothing and the Carnegie
company built the first great - b n£gCi- thc - rige y ie ironmaster was.,evfen 1 combination entered the hake Su-
: over the Ohio River. I . ,. n . „ in , ! peri or District. Carnegi? bmight the
. J This w'as my befinning in mdnufacAmoi e 1 1^.1 D , , ..Bessemer and Lake Erie ' Railirpf p
.factory” and', then the'* “bobbin fac* ' ' " ' ' ' • •• --
tory,” and with the third—the third
'is the charm, you kn'ow^deliverahce
lieve that I placed *the first young
woman telegraph Student at work op
a railroad; so I see it stated. In thos<| ||
; days the superintendent had to ck iii
everything; there was no division of
responsibilities. It was supposed thai
no subordinate oonld be trusted tc*
carry the ore, reorganizing it
r-paying - for it in its own bonds.
1899 - he bought his first ore vessels,
I and ..completed’ the control of ’all steps
I of production.
j- '“Roughly speaking,” says Casston,
5 “Mr. Carnegie was the first /steej
i maker who introduced departmen
store principles into the ’ iron am
steel business. Hid corporation wai
.. large establishment run-by a fev
highly skilled Superintendents, and.’
a crowd of young clerks, who w(
taught to do. one thing fairly wel
Partnerships were dangled beforo th
eyes of these young clerks until the;
were fevered with ambition. It wa
a system of make or break”.” H
goes' on:
Carnegie’s partners in the fate
years were as valuable ae his earlfe
associates and proved the truth of m
own self-estimate, that he alway
picked the bestf rrien. Charles
Schwab, William Ellis Corey, Georg
Lau'der, James Gayley, A. C. lhnKe.
F. T. F. Lovejoy, John G. A. Leisn
man and others had their part in t
development " of ..steelmaking. • e
were forty partners, nearly af
whom had worked up from a snir
sleeve” job. P. T. Berg and Henj—
5 Boenthrager were two_ of those ’
iii mechanical ability aided Cam, .
I steelmaking. . Schwab was W™
I f he most spectacular of the f.
|| bis handling of /the Homestead ^ Jt
* ffer tile a rest'strike, it is
.after the sreat striKc, n - ,
a mark of ability none has been a
t.a touch. As showing the ,
which the Carnegie company
Cassbn says- that fit he
the wilds of Minnesota - y
lying in the wilds or
day morning is dug %
one thousand miles, and m (
rioel rails by Saturday ”h,U.
1889 the company s pro.pf " ' w ,
000,000; of this Carnegie s ^are
I $25,000,000. , -rwK-Ca
In 1889 came the gi’ ea [; Ca)
negie quarrel. Frick
neg ie with fraud. In
the .^company’s', success, anc [.^ ^
narcing Ahe enormous
profit^*
Awu ii 10
j said, Carnegie 'had deprived, him' or :
j his office and demanded that he'sell
I his interests- at'less, than , one-half j
i their value. The tVo men called each
other names, and f ought a royal war j
Carnegie, it'was"said: then'by one of
-his ‘ associates; ‘^represented 'one-man j
domination ; Frick, consolidation and I
corporation control;,” In .the end the.'
fight was patched up at a .conference ■
in Atlantic City and a new company
was chartered in New Jersey, with a |
k capital of $160,000,000 in stock and j
$160,000,000 in bonds. Of the 160,000 j
shares of common stock Carnegie held
86,379 and Frick 15,484; but Frick
' was not made a director. James 13.
' Dill; the corporation lawyer, who-
brought about the settlement, got a'
fee of $1,000,000. One of the results of
the war. which most affected Cannes"e !
was the estrangement of Phipps. |
After,, this came tire -''threatened :
"great steel war,’YR where Carnegie-
showed his mettle better than ever,
even though he was then more than
sixty years old, and threw down a i
challenge which the "world was afraid .
to accept. It came about in this way: I
In 1900 Carnegie planned the' stupen¬
dous scheme which was to drive ail of
his competitors and enemies: out, of
business and-make him absolute’dicta¬
tor of the steel world. Carnegie then >
was the most feared and best, hated’
' steel man in the country. Only the :
year before he had refused to return
an option of $1,170,GOO; which had
been given him to secure his qsompany
for purchase. The would-be purchas- 1
j ers found themselves unable to take
up the option.' and asked for their
moneys but’Jit was stoutly refused.
• That very, year he was > underselling j
everybody, so as .to get all tUfc business
for his mills, regardless of price or of
the 'pther fellow's sentiment, , Carnegie, "j
worked out in his* mint! a master
stroke. Uis plan was to set on foot a
scheme which would carhy. his: opera¬
tions right into the,heart of his bene- ,
mies’ terrifopy,. driviiig them from the
j field,,. ;;. ;,'■■.■py-:
He was to fight them all—the I
Rockefeller Interests, the Pennsylvania
Railroad, the - National - Tube Com-
pany, the American, Steel and Wire
Company, and the jest To fight the
tube company .he "would build, a $12,-
000,000 steel plant at Conneaut, O-, to
turn out. the same finished product
at a lower price. To fight /the Penn¬
sylvania, Railroad, which‘'was dis¬
criminating against him m furnishing i
cars, he would set to work a corps of I
surveyors mapping out a railway -
| from Pittsburgh to the ocean, . which
{ would cut, deeply into the profits of J
I the ^older- system. To fight Rockefeller :
1 he planned - seven monster or6-carry- ;
ing steamships. To fight them all he
" projected an international' alliance,
and planned to proclaim..that $10,000,- !
,000 would be spent immediatelv upon
improvements V on the Carnegie steel
Company, whi b would place his. mills
beyond reach of all competition. He 1
would go so far even as to build a ri¬
val plant in the market, of one of his
company’s smallest customers because
; that, customer had withdrawn his
! trade. In fact - he would let it be
known far and Wide that he had in
mind the, building’ : of mew ; plants to I
.turn out all sorts of, finished 'steel,;
from needles to pressed- steeel cars. f
Rut Carnegie did not have an op¬
portunity to carry through bis scheme.
No pne accepted the challenge ; instead
the; United States Steel. Corporation -
was formed. ’ / .. j
Gave $350,000,0001 or Public'Welfare
Besides Countless Private Benefactions Ironmaster
Endowed Six Great Institutions for the Promotion
of Education, Idealism and World-wide Peace
When Mr. Carnegie retired from
business with an income of $10 a
minute -it was,; .to “take-'iip ‘ philan¬
thropy.” Nobody in tbe wpnd ever-,
tpok it, up so studiously and so gen¬
erously. Holding as bis g’ospel of
wealth that the millionaire should be
but a trustee for the poor, ’“entrusted
for a season with -a great part of th
increased Wealth of the cominunity,
but, administering it for the commu¬
nity far better than it could or Would
have done, for ’itself,” lie; .established
Six'-great, institutions, for the ’further¬
ing of those philanthropic causes
which most appealed to his interest.
’ Tbe -. Pittsburgh Institute, the oldest,
j of this “family” of six, was founded
Jin 1896, the Research Institution at
Washington in 1902, .the, Hero Fund
in 1904, the Foundations for the Ad¬
vancement of Teaching in 1905, the
‘Peace Endowment in 1910, and the
I Carnegie? Corporation of New York,
! wlth an endowment of $125,000,000,
the largest ever given in trust for
philanthropic purposes," in 1912.
At the'request of the United States
Cpmmission on Industrial .Relations,
before which he testified on February
5, 1915 (he was then in h;s eightieth ]
year), Mr. Carnegie reviewed his ben¬
efactions, which, it appeared, then ag¬
gregated $325,000,000. He said:
To the Carnegie Institution in Wash¬
ington its founder 'gave an endowment
• if $10,000,000 in 1902. Irs activities
truly cover the world; scientific ex¬
peditions sent out by the institution
travel over the seven seas and all the
continents in their work; and bring'
back their observations, notes, and so
on, which are, published for, the ad¬
vancement of science. There are sev¬
eral departments, each of which car¬
ries on its own work, with its own
organizations. For instance. Mire Bap
the departments of sociology, econom¬
ics, in -New Haven ; of/’history, fhoj
geoph vsieal laboratory, and the like, in
Washington; tbelC.-stafioh of marine/
DiolbgY on th,e-Uoegerhead Kev in the
Dry Tortuga's; that of botanical rs-
search at Tucson, Ariz., and others.
One of the. best known of its expe-■
flit ions wgh the sending of sthe non¬
magnetic yacht Carnegie • in ' 1909 1 ,tu.;
chart the. seas. This yacht had no
magnetic metal about, her to disturb
the nicest'of calculations and her task ;:
was to correct the errors which could
not be avoided by -other c&MrveFs,
This she did wiih some success.
To the majority of Mr. Carnegie’s
gifts there was a protptso—other per¬
sons should contribute some additional
money, or should maintain What he
initially set up. The striking exception
! - - -
to’ this rule” was the $15,000,000 fund
for pensioning all the college profes¬
sors north of the Rio Grande.
The Carnegie Foundation for the Ad¬
vancement of Teaching was the out-'
xoiiie of Mr. Carnegie's-sympathy with
the cause of education and his desire
to be of service- to the teachers of
America. The act of incorporation,
obtained from Congress enabled the
foundation to receive and maintain
funds, for paying pensions to college
teachers in the United States,' Canada
and Newfoundland, and "in general to
do and perform, all thingsnecessary
to encourage, uphold and, dignify the
profession of the teacher and. tbe cause!
of higher education.” Requirements
for sharing in the retiring allowances
were standardized, \ dud the, trustees;
admitted to such privileges certain
colleges and universities which are
known ab associated institutions.
. Seyenty-tlireeinstitutions of higher-,
learning, seventy in the United /States
and .three, in Canada, have been ad¬
mitted to the list of associated insti¬
tutions, and the Carnegi^Institute of
Technology brings the : total to seven¬
ty-four. In these : seven t.y-£pur col¬
leges, universities and technical'
schools there were on April J, 1917,'
6,593 teachers, including professors, as¬
sociate or assistant professors and in¬
structors, ’ Of these 715 were women.
In January, 1913, Mr. Carnegie gave
an additional $1,250,000 to the founda¬
tion as ah..endbwmliit for a division of
educational’ inquiry,,and this has 'Con¬
ducted studies in education covering a
Wide range of, topics. -
Refpfe r : 'o incorporation in New
York in 3 91.1 of the Carnegie Cor¬
poration, Mi-, Carnegie had given ap,-
proxirnatcly $60,000,000 for municipal
library biuMmgs m tall parts of the
civilized’ world. Exclusive of the $24,-
000,000 to the Pittsburgli Institut e. he
bad given more than $10,000,000 ' to
:-(hooF and colleges in America and
Great .Britain. A great lover of music,
particularly organ music, he had given
organs to a vast, number of churches,
colleges and schools here and abroad,
,3.50 of the number going 1o churches
in Scotland.
When the Carnegie Corporation was
pet going in 1912, wj'th an endowment
fit $123,000,000, all further .plans.of its
founder for libraries, college aid and
church organs were turned over to
tt. Then the great war came, and
nil sttch plans, were held up. In the
two years after the United States en¬
tered ihe wai the corporation gave ap-
proximate};/ S 3,0 0 0,0 0 0 ..tpi the various
wa r-work oi ganizatipifs for training-
camp-activities and war relief.
■ Compilation of his benefactions pre-.
pared by the Carncgia Endowment for
Intel national Peace shows that Mr.
Carnegie gave away $350,695,653 up to
June 1, ,1918.
AMU 12 '19
CARNEGIE FUNERAL THURSDAY
Services Will Be Held at Shadow-
brook, Lenox—Interment at
Sleepy Hollow.
Lenojc, Mass., August 12.—It was
announced by Mrs. Andrew Carnegie
at - Shadowbrook this afternoon that
the funeral of Andrew Carnegie will
be held Thursday morning at the resi¬
dence. No hojur was given, but it is
understood that 10:30 is the time. Mrs.
Carnegie’s wish for strict privacy in
the funeral ’will be observed. The
Rev. William Pierson Merrill, pastor
of the Brick Presbyterian Church,
New York, Mr. Carnegie's New York
! pastor, and the Rev. Benson N. Wy¬
man, pastor of the Lenox Congrega-
tional Church, will officiate. The body
will be taken on Thursdav afternoon
on a special train to Tarrytown, N.
Y., and burial will be in. the private
lot purchased by Mr. Carnegie some
dime ago in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.
Messages of condolence continued
to arrive in large numbers to-day.
| Hundreds came by telephone, tele¬
graph or mail, and still others were
j left at the house personally by neigh¬
bors and other friends of the family.
I WM : 'r ', ■ . .. ;
FORM OF CARNEGIE
FUNERAL SERVICES
BEING ARRANGED
Doubt as to Ironmaster's
Creed Causes Delay
2 RITUALS MAY BE COMBINED
Mr. Carnegie’s Writings Searched
for Clue as to His Re¬
ligious Beliefs.
Lenox,. Mass., August 13.—Plans
for the funeral of Andrew Carnegie
to-morrow were completed to-day ex¬
cept for some details relating to the
ritual to he used. The arrangements
are- in the hands 6t- Archibald-; C.
Barrow. Mrs.. ’Car--.'"
1 who returned from. New York last
night and spent the, forenoon with
Mrs. Carnegie. Musical numbers
were selected by Mrs. Carnegie, but
what these were, as well as all other
; plans, were withheld at her request.
| The Rev. William Pierson Merrill,
inastoi* of the Brick Presbyterian
Church of New_ York, arrived to-day
; and this afternoon will plan the ser¬
vices with the Rev. , Benson M. Wy¬
man, -pastor of the local Congrega-
, tional Church.
Doubt as to the religious belief, of
Andrew Carnegie is believed to be one
of the reasons for the delay in deciding
. definitely upon the funeral services:
, Reports connecting Mr. Carnegie
i with th^s or that church have no foun¬
dation, so far as is known here. While
he contributed liberally to various de¬
nominations, he apparently was not a
member of any church society, J,t had
been thought that, among his private
’writings there would be found after
his death some expression regarding
his funeral.
The voluminous writings of Mr.
_ Carnegie have been closely examined
with a view to ascertaining his ideas
of the future life and it was pointed
out to-day that while there was 'no
definite expression of his attitude to¬
wards organized religious work, it was
made plain that he believed implicitly
in a higher«and better world.
In this connection, there was quoted
the tribute which he paid to the coun¬
try church in his book, “The Gospel
of Wealth.” The writer said that the
millionaire made good use of his
money when he replaced an ugly coun-
j try church structure, when he cam#
upon it. yyith a noble specimen of
architecture, built, as the Pyramids, to
stand for generations. He described
the church as embracing an enchanted
realm which lay afar from the mate-
' rial and prosaic.
“Once within its massive circle its
i denizens live there an inner life more
| precious than the external, and all
their ways are hallowed by the radi-
j ance which shines from afar upon this
; inner life glorifying., everything and
1 keeping all right within.”
NEAR GRAVE OF WASHINGTON IRVING.
Tarrytown, N. Y., August 13—The
body of Andrew Carnegie will be con-
; veyed ’to the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery j
by automobile hearse and not by
I train from Lenox, according to word
j received to-day by the cemetery of¬
ficials. The body is due to arrive Fri-
.■j day morning.
The Carnegie plot is the largest and'
i costliest in‘the eemetary. it overlooks
the Hudson and contains 13,000 square
feet, studded with pine trees, arid cov-
) ered with shrubbery. The Pocantico j
river flows along the . east side of
the plot, while a short distance away
is the mausoleum of William Rocke-
■ feller and the plot of John D. Rocke-
i feller.
Nine hundred feet from the Carne-
! gie plot lies the body of Washington
I Irving.
The Carnegie plot was bought three
years ago by MTs. Carnegie and her
daughter. A crypt of reinforced con¬
crete with hollow tiles, was built at
! a cost of $40,000. It contains space
J for only two bodies.
Au, ,4 18
SIMPLE SERVICES
MARK FUNERAL OF
ANDREW CARNEGIE
Presbyterian Ritual Is
Used at’Lenox
new' YORK PASTOR OFFICIATES
Only Kelatives and Few Close
Friends Attend Ceremony
at Shadowbrook.
; LeNox, Mass., August 14.— The fu- \
nera-1 of Andrew Carnegie was held at f
Shadowbrook, his summer home in the
Berkshires- to-day. There was no 1
eulogy and there were no. pall-bearers. I
. The service was as simple as were,
the ''tastes and habits 6f- the man in
• life. Fully one-half of .the sixty. f>er-.
sons present were members of the
household. The others wer'e intimates .
of the family.'
The ritual of the Presbyterian
Church was used by the officiating
clergyman, Dr, William Pierson Mer-
l ,rill, of the Brick Presbyterian Church, ,
; Fifth Avenue, New York, which the
I Carnegies attended, and of which Mrs.
j Ckrnegie and her daughter, Mrs. Ros-
. well Miller, were members,
i] The day. upon .which his daughter
, Margaret united with this church was
i declared by Mr. Carnegie to be the
“happiest day of his life,” and Dr.
| Merrill has said that with .advancing
years Mr. Carnegie gave evidence of
J increasing interest in the - society.
J- A niixed quartet from this church
Sahg the 'three iiymns which have been
. the favorites of the philanthropist and
: forrrier irbn master. Dr. M ; errill was
, assisted by , Rev. Benson N. Wyman,
, pastor ■ of the Lenox Congregational
! Church, where Mrs. Carnegie frequent- ,
ly worshipped during the summer
months.
L At the conclusion of the service,
| Which occupied barely twenty- minutes,
'the body v accompanied by most of the
f party, was removed in a motor car to
I Hillsdale, N, Y., where a funeral coach
, was in waiting. This car was attached
to the ’ regular train of the New’York
Central Railroad leaving at 1:11
o’clock this afternoon for Tarrytown.
Thence the 'body was .to be taken by
automobile to Sleepy Hollow for inter¬
ment in a lot chosen by Mr. Carnegie
some years ago.
The service at. Shadowbrook was
; held in the great, reception room on
j the'first floor, at the east end of the -
' mansion overlooking Lake Mankeenac,
j one of the beauty spots of the won-
i derful estate, and where Mr. Carnegie.
1 had spent many happy hours at his
favorite pastime, .angling.
The body reposed in- a severely plain
i casket, placed in' the e'entrq of the
: room and all but.hidden in-a wealth
{ of floral pieces.. Tile-mahogany of the 1
j casket was'. covered with heavy black
! broadcloth. A small name-plate of
| silver ..bore only the inscription “An¬
drew Carnegie, born at Dunfermline,
I Scotland, November 25, 1835;- .Died
i Lenox, Mass., August 11, 1919.”
j Just before 10:30 o’clock this morn-
j bag, the; hour set' tor the funeral, tho.se
i who were to hear the last rites,entered
j L be. room and grouped themselves
j about the casket. .. With J®p| Car-■
t negie and her daughter,'Mrs. Roswell
| . Miller, who were in conventional
j mourning, were the-^daughter's hiis-
i band, Ensign Miller ; v Miss Estella
-
White field, Mrs. Carnegie’s Sister; I
Mi'S. Morris Johnson; niece of Mr.
Carnegie; his nephews, Andrew and j
.Morris Carnegie; Mrs. Carnegie’s pri-
vate secretary, Archibald Barrow,! and j
John Poynton, who had long served ;
the . master -of. the house in a similar j
capacity. •
Next in the circle were notable rep- I
resen tatives of. those who had helped '
the industrial giant to make his, mil¬
lions and others who' had helped the i
philanthropist , distribute the major ;
part of those millions fer humanitar¬
ian purposes.
Among . these Were , Charles M.-
Schwab, once president of the Car¬
negie Steel Company; Robert A. !
Franks, bhsiness adviser of Mr. Car- ;
negie for many years, treasurer of the 1
Carnegie ..Corporation and of the- Car- :
negib Foundation for the Advance- ;
ment of Teaching; Rev. Frederick H. ’
Lynch, , who represented the Carnegie |
Peace" Foundation during thO Peace I
Conference at Paris, and Oliver Rick-
etson. ;
Others intimately associated with ;
the family were Mrs. Henry Phipps, !
wife of Mr. Carnegie’s old partner in
the steel business, and, their son/
Howard; Dr.' R. S. Woodward, presi- j
dent of the Carnegie Institution at
Washington; Elihu Root, jr., repre- |
senting his father in the matter of the '
Carnegie Endowment for •Internation- :
al Peace, James .C. Greenway'and wife j
and Arthur A. Hammerschlag, direc- ,
tor 'of the Carnegie Institute at Pitts- 1
burgh, ■
Seated near these were all those of
' the household who had ministered to,
! the home comforts of the master of ;
the house. Many of these had been !
J long in the employ of the family.
The clergymen, wearing gowns,
stood at the head of the coffin and
back of them were the members of
the quartet, directed toy Clarence Dick¬
inson, organist of the Brick Presby¬
terian Church. The singers Were Miss
Rose Bryant, Miss Marie Stoddart,
Frank Croxton a nd Grant Kimball.
The service opened -with the singing I
of “O Love, That Will Not Let Me '
Go.” The Rev. Mr. Wyman recited i
the two prayers of the ritual and fol¬
lowed these- with the Lord’s Prayer.
The quartet then sang “He Leadlth !
Me.” Dr. Merrill read the passages !
.. appointed from the Psalms and. the j
! service closed with the singing
tral train leavina' for Tarrytown * at.
1:15. ' v , " -
AUG 16 ’19
ANDREW CARNEGIE
Pittsburgh’s Estimiite of the Great
Ironmaster’s Secret of Success-
When He Begun, and How He
Got the *Leai1 in the Trade ——
Methods in. His Time anil Meth¬
ods of To-day.
I Special Correspondence of The Evening Post. 1 |
Pittsburgh, August 15.—Andrew-
.Carnegie used to say “pioneering:
/doesn’t pay,”:, and .'yet he was in the,
; larger ! sense the greatest pioneer, in .
| the development of the American iron ;
| and steel trade. He was quick to take!
hold of the problem, hut he was not I
necessarily the first, Carnegie right-
ly said, “Iron and steel 'owe an un-
payable-'debt of gratitude to James M.
Swank,” the great historian and,:
statistician of the. industry, and he
would hardly dispute Mr. Swank’s ac¬
curacy in placing the Carnegie organ-
J ization the eleventh in his list of the
1 early manufacturers of Bessemer ;
steel in the United States, as may be i
I. seen by reference to^Swank's “Iron in
j! All Ages,” published in 1884, In that
| review,' Carnegie Brothers & Co. arb
I shown to 'have made their first Bes-
| -semer steel, on August 25.' 1875. Of
| the" works that ^preceded theirs, several
.survive, but it was not long until the
: Carnegie, organization was' the largest'.
I manufacturer of Bessemer steel in the
j United,States,
The history of the steel trade has
i been strewn with wrecks, soon forgot¬
ten. But that is only another way’
Of saying that all the. works that have
survived were managed by men who
w'ere more or less quick to adopt new I
method.', a,nd devices. Carnegie was i
not much quicker than’ others; but,
with his instinctive knowledge of .the |
best, time to take hold, he was able
to make all his improvements , on a
large;: scale, arid thus reap the larger
i benefits from thbrn.
Andrew Carnegie’s greatest ability,
was admittedly in selecting : ; men.,and /
: putting them'in the right place. That
presupposes, however, a knowledge of :
what kinds f of men are required to
: make a complete organization. In
this Carnegie did not neglect the finan¬
cial end. Henry Phipps, his boyhood
friend hnd partner for many years,
had peculiar ability alqng that line.
It was said he could keep a check in
circulation longer than any other man
in Pittsburgh. Easily the greatest
financial achievement of the Carnegie
organization was the financing of the.. \
1 .change from wrought iron to. mild.
'> step! manufacture, in the decade of
: the- eighteen-ninet|es.' This had to
I be done largely in a period of induS-
| trial depression. . Scores and scores .
i of iron mills succumbed, adhering , to
their iron plants When there; was no r
’longer-a competitive, field. It was said
| that- at one time the Carnegie Steel
j Company’s paper was in every bank
l in the State Of Pennsylvania,
i Carnegie’s greatest hobby was also
• his chief means of success. It' Was
tonnage. He had keen appreciation
of the factor played by. “overhead.”
Stupendous, expenditures were. made,
for engines and machinery, but When
installed they were made 1o pay for
themselves, by producing tonnages that
rivals had not dreamed of compassing.
He was followed, of- course, but he
alwayb-maintained the lead. In was,
’ -’tphnage output per; unit, of equipment 1
that enabled the American steel in-
. dustry. to outdistance, its foreign rivals"!/A
whiie paying much higher wages, per!-
man.
The Carnegie sales methods have.
bebn criticised, particularly by .com¬
parison with those of to-day; yet last 1
December 'a movement was started in
the steel trade tb eliminate the com¬
mon form of contract, practically an
option in- many cases, and the’move-
•rhent was soon abandoned. That sys¬
tem, of selling was originated by Mr.
Carnegie. It is recognized throughout
"the steel trade as being a Carnegie
policy. The;object was to tie up con-:-
t .sumers" so that if they could ^se.the;'
tonnage it would be furnished; if they'
could not, no one was the loser.
Carnegie wps a pijc,e cutter. Sol
i' were his competitors. He was sim -1
! ply a- more astute price-’ cutter. He
!, played the game of his time. But
; it would be rash to assume that if
j be were living his life over again
; he would not play the game now ac-
| cording to the rules of to-day.'
AUC16 ’19
Caruegie !\ot .Stockholder.
When , United States Steel common
was. selling, around this week’s low
level, rumors were circulated in Wall
Street" to the effect that the decline
was due to selling for the estate of
Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie was not
a. stockholder of United States Steel,
In turning over his steel plants to the
new corporation in 1,901 he took first
mortgage bonds. Those bonds are
now largely scattered, owing to gifts
made by the Iron Master to libraries,
etc. In 1901 there were $301,000,000
of the first mortgage 5s outstanding.
The amount has since been reduced
to $236,000,000 through the sinking-
fund. Each year bonds are called at.
115 and paid off.
AUC 21 '19
NEW GARNE8IE W!LL
IS SHORT DOCUMENT
-“4
Daughter to Gain by Re¬
cent Testament
Elihu Root to Offer for Prohate
*!Neit Week Petition Drawn
Short Time Ago.
The will of Andrew Carnegie which,
it is expected, will be filed for pro¬
bate next week by Elihu Root is not
the elaborate 4,Q00-word document
which Mr. Carnegie./himself wrote,
Mm’ is
but is a much shorter document drawn
up later by Mr. Root, when Mr. 'Car¬
negie decided, after the marriage of
his daughter to Ensign Roswell Mil¬
ler several months ago, to have a
second testament drawn, instead cfi
writing codicils and making other
'changes to the original will.
When his daughter was married Mr.
Carnegie made generous.financial pro¬
vision for her and for this reason
found it advisable in some respects
to modify the original will.
In the new document the Home
Trust Company, Mr.. Carnegie’s own
company, is trustee and executor
of the estate Robert A. Franks of
135 East Sixty-sixth Street, long the
business adviser of Mr. Carnegie and
treasurer of the Carnegie Foundation
for the Advancement of Teaching, is
president of the Home Trust Com¬
pany.
A statement, that the will would
dispose of an estate valued at $50,-
000,000 also is declared to be untrue.
It is also said that Mr. Carnegie did
not dispose of several time s that sum
before his death.
The Home Trust Company, which is
a New Jersey corporation, will con¬
tinue to act, it is said, as disburser to
nearly 500 personal friends of Mr.
Carnegie who for several years have
been receiving monthly checks from
Mr. Carnegie. Thes_e monthly pay¬
ments range from $25 to $50, and will
continue throughout the. lifetime of
■each pensioner, the payments being
made from a fund created by Mr. j
Carnegie long before his death and |j
outside his will. The pensioners are
all old friends, dating from the days 1
when Mr. Carnegie was taking his
first steps toward wealth and promi¬
nence.
The Home Trust Company was or¬
ganized solely for the purpose of car¬
ting Tor Mr. Carnegie’s financial trans¬
actions. It was incorporated in 1901
with '$100, 00.0 capital. Its headquar¬
ters are in Hoboken. Under reciprocal
laws passed by the Legislatures of
NewtJersey and New York States a
trust; company in either State is per¬
mitted to act as executor or trustee
of a«tv estate, in the other State. ,(/
AUG 21 ’19
“Better’’ Men.
To the EDrcoR of Thb EvEN.ixa Post:
Sir: The epitaph which your con¬
tributor of the article on “Carnegie
the Scot’’ reports the multi-million¬
aire as choosing for his tomb, is sug¬
gestive. He seems to have prided
himself on being both-willing a nd able
to select for his service men 'hotter’’
than himself.
It would foe informing/ to know .just
what the word “better” meant to Mr.
Carnegie. Did he mean “better” in
the sense of better equipped intellec¬
tually and technically? Or “better”
in , the sense of their being more
responsive as well as sensitive to the
ethical implications of industry?
Whatever he may have meant, it
may not be untimely or altogether
amiss to intimate that the problem
which he claimed to have solved per¬
sonally to his satisfaction Is like unto
one that contemporary democracy
faces. To be more .concrete: la the
average voter to-day willing to se¬
lect for service at Washington or at
Albany some one as Senator, Congress¬
man or Assemblyman who is “better”-
than he is? And will he sustain the
a o'ion of an executive who selects as
advisers men who perchance are
“'better” than he—the executive—is?
As long ago as 1869 Charles W.
Eliot, in his inaugural at Harvard
University, (propped a dictum which
he did not then develop at length, to
the effect fcaaiS one pj the severest
tests -yet awaiting the'American de¬
mocracy was its willingness to use
experts for civic ends. With tho pro*
vision that the “expert” must com¬
bine honor with knowledge, character
with technical proficiency, this dic¬
tum still is grimly searching in its
import. Gborob P. Morris.
Washington, August 18.
CARNEGIE
THE SCOT
Photo (C) by Underwood & Underwood.
A homely pose of Andrew Carnegie
A ndrew carnegie was a |
wbrthy son of Scotland, which \
Sydney Smith called “that knuckle,
end of England, that land of Cal- ]
vin, oat-cakes and sulphur.” He had j
many of the qualities which Scotland |
breeds in its hardy people of the lonely
moors and barren hills—independence, in¬
dustry, perseverance, thrift, among them,
and not the least, a measure of Scotch
humor and shrewd common sense. Your
Scotchman is a man of many tales. Some
he tells, others are told of him. Andrew
Carnegie was no exception to the rule.
He possessed a fund of stories, humorous
and serious alike, and his friends not only
repeated them, but related stories of their
own to illustrate his habits of thought
and the striking points in his character.
In the course of his long life Mr. Car¬
negie became, as it were, a sage. A poor
immigrant boy, he had seized the oppor-
tunities which America offered and won
a vast fortune. Many honors had come
to him. Instead of joining the ranks of
the idle rich, he had become a great
philanthropist, and in retirement was de¬
voting his money and ability to the things
which he believed would further the wel¬
fare and happiness of mankind.
His opinion on many topics was sought
by interviewers. Often he did most of
the Interviewing himself, and again he
would decline to discuss a topic which :
seemed unworthy or which might lead to
a useless controversy. Always when he
sailed for England on the way to Sfcibo |
Castle, his home in Sutherland, Scotland,
and always when he returned to New
York, he gave his views on men and
events, and these were eagerly published
throughout the country. He was an op¬
timist and believed thoroughly in the
United States, his adopted country. Once
when he sailed for his Scotch home he
predicted an era of prosperity for America |
and pulled out a postcard bearing the !
following sentiments:
Let the scowler scowl and the howler howl,
And the politicians go it;
I don’t care what the pessimists say,
The country’s all right, and I know it.
i Pretty good sentiments for this day, even
though the country is beset by labor and j
reconstruction problems, a spirit of unrest,
and a dollar which buys onlyv fifty cents
worth of food.
: Mr. Carnegie had many worthy dreams,
not the least of which was his ardent
desire to promote universal peace. The
Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, the Church Peace Union, the Cen-
: tral American Peace Palace, the Pan-
American Building, and the Peace Palace
at The Hague are the physical monuments
| of his effort to bring about a spirit of good
will among the nations of the earth. Some
years ago Dr. Andrew D. White, who
proposed the building of the Hague Peace
j Palace to Mr. Carnegie, wrote a letter to
the editor of the Fnedenswarte, a Ger-
| man peace journal, telling of the months
| Re spent id urging to Mr. Carnegie to make
■ t he gift, and how the latter’s “Soeratic
! method” of questioning rasped him until
! he wrote a letter which he thought wpuld
; end all talk. Mr.-Carnegie’s answer was:
; “Come to Skibo and talk it over.”
“This invitation I accepted at the ear¬
liest moment possible, and the result was
a m ost delightful week,” Mr. White wrote.
“Every morning was ushered in by the >
piper sounding old Scotch battle songs [
under our windows,.as he made his. three
1 rounds about the castle walls, and the
1 duties of every day then opened nobly
| by anthems from the organ in the great
hall of the castle. Guests of disthjdtion
I from various parts of the world took: up
discussions of current political and social
questions at breakfast, and then followed
excursions among the hills of Sutherland-
shire or along the shores of the Northern
Ocean or up the streams or through the
forests—all combining to make each day
a, beautiful dream.
-But soon this began to alarm me.
There was nothing more of the Soeratic
method. The Hague Palace of Peace and
all the questions which I had come to |
discuss seemed as entirely forgotten as
the ghost of Banquo or the battle of Ban¬
nockburn. Delightful days succeeded, but
no mention was made of the question
which had brought me, and after nearly |
a week of this, there came what seemed
a bit of comedy. One morning Mr. Car¬
negie invited me to go fishing with him
in the trout lakes among the hills. I
had never caught a trout since one proud i
day, forty years before, in the North *j
Woods 'of New York; but now a great
hope arose within me—now I should have
the philanthropist all to mysef; what ex¬
cellent conditions for diplomatic angling;
who could tell what new help for the
world I might bring home with me?
“Certainly it ‘iooked like business.’ We
were arrayed in Scotch caps, cloaks and
tippets, given a brave show of fishing
tackle, and after a short drive we stood
by the side of a boat in one of the trout
lakes. But, alas, a colossal- Highlander
solemnly conducted Mr. Carnegie to one
,-ad of the boat, rriyself to the other, and,
to my intense .^disappointment, took the.
oar and seated himself between us. He
then gave me to understand that the very
first requirement of Scotch trout fishing ,.:
is silence. The situation was now ■ des- 1 '
perate indeed; it was my last day in that
paradise, and I had made my prepara- !,
tions for departure early next morning. (
“The mountain scenery now lost its
charm. I soon lost interest in fishing and
gave myself up to reflections as cheerless ;
as the rocky hillsides. Thus the day slow- j
ly passed—not a word exchanged—Mr.\ Car¬
negie catching a few fish, I catching none,
and my hopes of the great Palace of Peace
fading into the misty sky above us. The
return ride was devoted to the philosophy
jof fishing. Dinner came, with discussions
of literary and scientific questions,, and i
the evening followed with noble music.
!a) 1 for which I. had come appeared lost —
When, suddenly, our host quietly took his ;
seat beside me. i
a “There followed the still, small voice, j
and straightway, with a method no longer
shrewdly Socratic, but nobly Platonic, there j
was unfolded to me a view of the whole
subject which we had for many months
been discussing together. The original ■
idea of a library of international law had
developed into something far grander.
The Peace Palace of The Hague began |;
fo reappear, and in a new glory—as a
pledge and sign of a better future for the j
world; and then .came- from him the words
Which assured his great gift to the na¬
tions—the creation of a centre and sym- !
bol of a world’s desire for peace and good- i
will to men.”
The League of Nations, that bogy
which makes - Senator Lodge shiver and
cry out in despair, took form in Mr. Car- i
negie’s mind many years ago. AS rector i
of the University of St. Andrews, Scot¬
land, he addressed the students on Oc¬
tober 17, 1905, discussing a “league of
peace.” The following is sufficient to
illustrate his argument:
“If the principal European nations were ;
not free through conscription from jhe
problem which now disturbs the military
authorities of Britain, the lack of sufficient j
numbers willing to enter the man-slaying
'profession, we should soon hear the de¬
mand formulated for a League of Peace
among nations. The subject of war can
never be studied without recalling this
simplest of all modes for its abolition.
Five nations cooperated in quellirjg the
recent Chinese disorders and rescuing
their representatives in Peking. It is per¬
fectly clear that these five nations could
banish war. Suppose even three of them
formed a League of Peace—inviting all
other nations to join—and agreed that
since war in any part of the civilized
world affects all nations, and often seri¬
ously, no nation shall go to war, but shall
refer international disputes to the Heague
Conference or other arbitral body for !
peaceful settlement, the League agreeing
J&Jeclare nonrintercourse with any nation
refusing compliance. Imagine a nation
cut-off to-day from the world. >
“The League might also reserve to it-
[ self the right, where non-intercaurse is
likely to fail or has failed to prevent war, j
to use the necessary force to maintain
peace, each xnember of the League agree¬
ing to provide the needed forces, or the
money in lieu thereof, in proportion to
; her population or wealth. Being experi-
I mental and upon trial, it might be deemed
advisable, if necessary, at first to,, agree
that any member' cduld withdraw after
■^giving five .years’, notice, and that the
League-should dissolve five years after a
'majority vote of all the members. Further
provisions, and perhaps some adaptations,
would be found requisite, but the main
idea is here.”
j,
Five years later, when President Taft
,wasj pressing his, case for general arbitra¬
tion of international disputes, including
questions of national honor, his most vig¬
orous supporter was Mr. Carnegie. Writ¬
ing : in the Century Magazine, he hailed
Mr. Taft as*,.,“the leader in the crusade
against man killing man in war, as Lincoln
became the leader in the crusade against
the selling of man by man.”
Before the war Mr. Carnegie was ac¬
customed to spend his summers at Skibo
Casjle, where he followed the life of a
Scotch laird. Skibo has been described
as ‘‘the newest old castle in the world.”
When he bought the place Mr. Carnegie
was told that he must either leave it m.
1 ruin or rebUiltl from thb foundations. He
rebuilt, and Skibo was a modern house
in every sense, including many American
improvements not to -be found on old-
world estates. His library at Skibo was
selected for Mr. Carnegie by the great
scholar Lord Acton, and comprises some
25,000 volumes. Mr. Carnegie used the
books freely, for his reading covered a
variety of subjects. The Laird of Skibo
entertained many distinguished guests, in¬
cluding the late King Edward, to whom
he recited a poem composed by Joaquin
Miller on the occasion of Mr. Carnegie’s
birthday. The verses began with greetings
to President Roosevelt, the German Kai¬
ser, and the King of England, and ended
by saying that the Poet of the Sierras
would sooner shake the hand of Carnegie
than all the others. “Hail, fat .Edward,”
was the way Miller referred to the King,
and the latter, it is said, did not take
kindly to the verses.
'Some years ago Mr. Carnegie enter¬
tained at Skibo fifteen citizens of his na¬
tive town, Dunfermline, and handed to
them securities worth $2,500,000, thus
forming the Dunfermline Trust, whose ob¬
ject he explained as follows:
“It is an experiment, the. object of which
is to attempt to introduce into the mo¬
notonous lives of the toiling masses of
Dunfermline more of ‘sweetness and light,
to give them, especially the young, soma
charm, some elevating conditions of life
which their residence elsewhere would
have denied, so that a child in his native
town will feel, however far he may have
roamed, that simply by virtue of being
such his life has been made happier and
better.”
Mr. Carnegie also said that he had pro¬
vided for this experiment in his will more
than twenty years before, but his retire-'
ment from business enabled him to put
the scheme into operation in his life¬
time. In defining the problem set before
. the trustees he said it merely involved this
question :
“What can be done in towns to benefit
\ the masses by money in the hands of the
/] most public-spirited citizens?” If it was
j proved that good could be done, the trus-
I tees would open new . fields to the rich,
which. Mr. Carnegie believed, the wealthy
classes would hereafter be more and more
anxious to find for their surplus wealth.
Golf attracted Andrew Carnegie as it
does another philanthropist, John D. Rook- ■
eteller. «ome years ago he described the •
lure of the game in the Independent, using
his own simplified spelling.
“The charm of golf,” lie wrote^“who can
analyze and decide in what it really con¬
sists? First, we need to use-the plural. It
has not one, .but a score of charms. We are '
under the sky, worshipers of the ‘God of
the Open Air.’ Every broth seems to drive d
away weakness and diseas, securing for us ' 1
longer terms of happy days here on earth, i
even bringing something of heven here to {
us. No Doctor like Uoetor Golf—his cures as i
miraculous as those sometimes credited to
Christian Science, minus its unknown and -
mysterious agencies, which are calculated
to alarm prudent people. Not the least of
its virtues'is its power to affect the tern- ;
per and especially the tung. We hav only .
to remain silent to produce unusual re-; ;
suits. The preventiv treatment, success- C
fully: applied, has its richest field upon the
green.
“No game givs so much of the open L 1
air, the elixir of life from morning till
nite. With a modest bite at luncheon,
mayhap, it can be playd without undue
fatigue, even by elderly people, and then
there’s the few minutes’ rest and the chat- i
at the green with your bosom crony. No <•'
delay impairs the game. Sit and moral- :i
ize. Drive off at your plesure, it’s all the
same.”
Although the list of Mr. Carnegie’s gifts
is a formidable one, it does not represent
the sum total of his charities. He remem¬
bered the friends of his- youth, friends upon
whom fortune had not smiled, and not a
few of them drew pensions from his priV
I T was the unique experience of Mr.
Carnegie to live two of the most ex¬
traordinary lives in history. After
progressing from obscurity to the
domination of his country’s greatest indus¬
try, contributing as few have done to the
prosperity of the nation, and accumulat¬
ing one of the world’s notable fortunes,
an even more exceptional career of
benevolent distribution made him probably
the most widely known of living men,
"easily first among the world’s philan¬
thropists.”
In 1889, at the age of fifty-four, he pub¬
lished an essay which, at the suggestion
of Mr. “Gladstone, was given wide circu¬
lation under the title of “The Gospel of
Wealth.” On the text that riches are
| “only a sacred trust to be administered
for the general good,” he argued briefly j
j that wealth comes from and should return
to the” community. It arises only partly
| from labor, discovery, invention, individual
; ability and enterprise; it is due ■ primarily
I to tlie increasing demands of an increas¬
ing population. ' Meanwhile the distribu¬
tion of wealth lags behind improvement in
the hours of labor, wages and the general.
. condition of wage earners. The commu¬
nity, tUf-'pfore, should enforce progressive
taxation concluding with practically con-
1 fiscatory death duties, thus both claiming
its own and persuading the rich to em¬
ploy directly in distribution the activity
j from, which the community has already
profited indirectly through their accumu¬
lation.
“This, then, is the duty of the man of
wealth: To set an example of modest, un¬
ostentatious living, slumping display or
extravagance; to provide moderately for
! the legitimate wants of those dependent
upon him; and, after doing so, to consider
all surplus revenues which come to him
simply as trust funds, which he is called
upon to administer, and strictly bound as
a matter of duty to administer in the man¬
ner which, in his judgment, is best cal¬
culated to produce the most beneficial re¬
sults. for the community.”
These ideas were by no means new, but
they had never before been enunciated so
! definitely by so rich a man, and no one
ever carried them out with equal con-
’ sistency. During thirty years Mr. Car- ,
j negie, with the cooperation of his wife, and
| daughter, gave away the unparallelled
total or a third of a billion dollars, the
| great, bulk of his fortune. ' His persuasive
\ public address, prolific writing, and con-
' vincing example had much to do with the
. belief concerning the social responsibility
1 of wealth that is current to-day.
Mr. Carnegie, moreover, gave himself ih
an unequalled way to comprehensive study
and bold experiment in the difficult art of
giving—“it requires the exercise of no less
: ability than that which acquires it, to use
. wealth so as to be really beneficial to the
; community.” The early transformation of
] his native town in Scotland, Dunfermline,
j and prompt generosity to Pittsburgh, his
adopted home, were followed by countless ;
personal benefactions that won world-wide'
recognition. Soon, however, his attention
concentrated almost professionally upon a
limited number of dominant interests—
good reading, music, science, heroism, edu¬
cation and peace: From these resulted the
erection of 3,000 public library buildings
throughout ilip English-speaking world,
; and, in addition to many other gifts for
music, the provision of 8,000 church
organs; the endowment of hero funds for
i North America and ten European coun-
tries; great gifts to universities' and col-
CARNEGIE’S GOI
Philanthropist Lived Up tel His Belief That Ril j
munity and Should Return®
1 leges; the establishment of the Institution !
for the Advancement of Science, the Foun- j
i dation for the Advancement of . Teaching; i
■the Endowment for International Peace, j
■ the Church Peace Union, the Central J
American -Court'of Justice, the Pah Ameri- j
| can .Union, and the Peace Palace at The
Hague—the seat of the permanent court
! of arbitration which has already settled
numerous international difficulties.
Accepting-the principle that the compre¬
hensive relief of distress is a function of -
the state, Mr. Carnegie directed his own
endeavor toward constructive betterment 1
and progress—“what "the improver of the
: race must- endeavor is to reach those who
have the -divine spark ever so feebly de- j
veloped, tha.t it may be strengthened and I
grow. . . . You cannot push any one up ;
a ladder unless he is willing to climb a
little - himself. . . . As a general rule,
it is best to help those who help them¬
selves.”
The increase and diffusion of knowledge
and- understanding through libraries, **the j
cradles of democracy,” with which his j
name was first widely associated, was due j
to his-boyhood impression of the value,
of good books-and-the difficulty of obtain* .
ingf them; combined with later observa-- <
tion that individual effort is not relaxed
but stimulated by books, arid that.the gift
of a library to a community which pro¬
vides ground and maintenance elicits that
cooperation on the part of the recipient
which is essential if benevolence is to help
rather' than hu*t-
“It is from personal experience that I |
feel that there is no human arrangement
■ so powerful for good, there is no benefit
that can be bestowed upon a community
so great, as that which places within the j
’ reach of all the treasures of the world
which are stored up in books. . . .
Whatever agencies for good may arise or
fall in the future, it seems certain that
the free library is destined to stand and
become a never-ceasing foundation of good
to all.” For similar reasons orga^~ were
given without distinction of c to
churches that shared their cost. “The
man who reveals new beauties in music
enriches, human life in one of its highest
phases. ... The Bible tells us that in
heaven music is the. principal” source of
happiness—the sermon seems nowhere.”
Two-thirds of Mr, Carnegie’s recorded
benefactions took the form of permanent
institutions. The earliest, the Carnegie In¬
stitute of Pittsburgh, founded in 1896,
comprises a free public ’’’wary, a music
hall, museums of fine art: .id natural his¬
tory, and an institute of technology—
“upon no foundation but that of popu¬
lar education can man erect the structure
of an enduring civilization.” The library, 1
with a score of branches, counts its at¬
tendance and circulation in millions. The
music-hall provides a great auditorium,
like the Carnegie Music Hall in New York,
Organ and orchestral concerts and public
functions, The permanent collections of
the museum of fine arts are excellent; its
.qnnual international exhibit of contem¬
porary painting has been of influence not
Only in America, but also in Europe. The
museum of natural history has developed
popular interest and contributed con-
■ spicuously to the world’s knowledge of
prehistoric animals. The institute of tech-
: nplogy provides training for engineers,
architects and household economists, . as
j well as day and night Instruction for
thousands of men and women in the trades.
These institutions have drawn to their
vicinity a score of others, all. together
By §
'Secretary
! constituting a community centre that is
unique among-our cities.
The Carnegie Institution of Washington,
! established in 1902, “to encourage investi-
: gation, research and discovery,” repre¬
sents Mr. Carnegie’s belief in scientific
inquiry, experiment and verification in the
; search for truth and its application to hu-
j rpan welfare. The institution has eleven
j departments, the best known being those
of botany, with a desert laboratory in
Arizona; experimental evolution at Cold
Spring Harbor, L. I.; the nutrition labora¬
tory at Boston; the astronomical obser¬
vatories at Mount Wilson, Cal.; the geo¬
physical laboratory at Washington, which
made possible the production of optical
glass in the United States during the war;
and the department of terrestrial mag¬
netism, which has corrected the maritime
i charts of the world through the observa-
i tions of its non-magnetic yachts. The re¬
sults of the work of these departments
and of numerous minor grants have been
I published in several hundred vofhmes that
are considered indispensable by scholars.
The Carnegie Hero Fund Commission,
' established for the United States and
Canada in 1904, embodies the idea that
generous recognition - of heroism may
ij bring about an increase of chivalrous con-
, duct and self-sacrifice in every-day life.
The commission has awarded gold, silver
and bronze medals to fifteen hundred men
and women who have saved others from
drowning, fire, asphyxiation, railway, mine.
| industrial and other accidents; has cared
i for them during disability, aided them to
1 acquire higher education, engage in busi-
j nesg, purchase a home, liquidate indebted-
i ness, or eqrry out some other worthy pur-
j pose; and has provided for the widows or j
; dependents of those who lost their lives in
j heroic action.
; The Carnegie Foundation foi* the Ad¬
vancement of Teaching was organized in
!. 1905 with two functions, educational in- 1
quiry and the payment of retiring allow- :
ances to college professors and pensions'
to their widows. A few years’ of experi- ;
erice proved the unsoundness of practically I
all pension systems that had been estab- j
lish'ed in ■ the prevailing manner. Sue- j
ceeding study resulted in the establishment ]
by the Foundation, after generous pro- j
vision for those who had expectations from
its original plan, of a superior system
which is being adopted by an increasing
number of other organizations, the Foun- i
| dation having 'become a centre for infor- j
! mation concerning this developing form
f of social service. The results of its edu¬
cational inquiries concerning the prepara-
i tion and status of teachers, college organi-
j zation and administration, and medical,
j legal, engineering, and vocational educa-
| tion; have been distributed widely in a
series of monographs which have been
welcomed as a national service.
After his directorship of military rail¬
roads and telegraphs during the war be-
jtween the States, Mr. Carnegie ceaselessly
(endeavored to discover, behind self-inter¬
est and suspicion elements of common
confidence* and fellowship that might be
developed into methods of settling inter- 1
national difficulties other than by war.
(For .this purpose he founded, in 1910, the
Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace; Its division of historv. awd
1 economics: has published studies of '
! causes of war and of its effects on popula-
j tion, health and social welfare. Its di- |
■ vision of international law has encouraged I
j organizations and studies looking toward j
: judicial settlements, and published and j
j aided the publication of diplomatic docu- I
PEL OF WEALTH
i ■ - !
iVere a Sacred Trust Which Came From the Com-
he Source Whence They Came
e FURST
rnegie Foundation
ments, treaties, agreements and the
classics of international law and arbitra¬
tion. Its division of education and inter¬
course is devoted to the spread -of.,sound
knowledge of international facts and
policies and the encouragement .pf friendly-
relations through publications, organiza¬
tions, courses of instruction, correspon¬
dence and international visits. During
the war with Germany the president of
the endowment was Ambassador Extraor-
' dinary to Russia, the secretary was chair¬
man of the drafting committee at the Peace
Conference, and the entire division of in¬
ternational law was incorporated in the
national service of the Department of.
| State.
The latest of Mr. Carnegie’s establish¬
ments, the Carnegie Corporation of New
York, with the largest endowment ever
rfecofded, was inaugurated in 1912, like
the United Kingdom Trust for Great
Britain, for the study and promotion of
philanthropy itself. 'While chiefly continu¬
ing the founder’s activity in providing
libraries, giving to colleges, adding to the
support bf his earlier establishments, and
making large gifts for war work—includ¬
ing libraries for the cantonments—-it has
carried out studies of the puWic useful¬
ness of libraries, library schools, social
centres and legal aid societies, and is con¬
cluding a comprehensive study of methods
of Americanization.
The resources of "this group of institu¬
tions, while small when compared with
those Of any well-known insurance com¬
pany or bank, are unparalleled in philan¬
thropy, and .potential for incalculable !
j good. (Hero Fund, five; Peace Endow¬
ment, ten; Institution, twenty-two; Insti-
; tute, twenty-six; Foundation, twenty- j
I nine'; Corporation, one hundred and twenty-
l five millions.) They have bhen entrusted
"to the care of more than a hundred well- !
known men, chosen with Mr. Carnegie’s
characteristic discrimination.
The trustees of the Institute and of the
Hero Fund axe largely former business as¬
sociates or other friends of the founder.
I Those of the Foundation are the presi- i
j dents of leading universities and colleges
—President Wilson was* a member cf its
| executive committee until he withdrew
frorn academic life. Those of the Institu¬
tion are philanthropists, men of affairs,
scientists like the director of the National
Museum, and statesmen like President
Taft. The direction of the Peace Endow¬
ment is similarly constituted, Senator Root
having- been its president from the begin¬
ning; the president of Columbia Univer¬
sity j.the .director.,of its division of educa¬
tion.', The presidents of the earlier estab¬
lishments make up five of the nine trus¬
tees Iof . the Carnegie Corporation; Mr.
Roosevelt was a member of its committee
on Americanization until his death.
These organizations are all in early
youth; only one has attained its majority.
With the optimism , embodied in his fa¬
vorite quotation, “All is well since all
, grows better,” Mr. Carnegie anticipated
their, future by conferring upon their trus¬
tees and their successors power to modify
their work from time to time, authorizing
them to “apply the revenue in a different
manner and for a different though similar
' purpose to that specified, should coming
days bring such changes as to render this
necessary,” and reserving to Congress the
right to “alter, repeal, or modify” their
acts of incorporation. Finally, that they
might never be without “the’ healthy
breeze 'of public criticism,” he encouraged
the regular publication of full accounts of
all of their: resources and activities.
Mr. Carnegie himself deserved the
encomium that he gave to another: “Such
an example as he left is one of the most
precious legacies that can be bequeathed.
. to posterity,, a career spent, not in pursuit
of miserable aims, which end in seif, but
in high service for others.” His memory
is secure from time and change. The use¬
fulness of - the organizations that he
created and set in motion can be estimated
only, by coming generations. Representing
as they do his vitality and .his vision; his
sense of responsibility and his resource¬
fulness; his genius for organization, direc¬
tion and success, they promise to be of
enduring value,, not unworthy perpetuators -
of bis personality and purpose, of what
Lord Morley called his “instinct for the
great things of life,” of the title conferred,
upon him in. 1911 by the twenty-mne Ameri-
? can. J Rep.ltblicso^“Benefactor; of Humanity.**..
AUG 23 ’19
CARNEGIE REAL ESTATE^
BEQUEATHED TO WIDOW
Lloyd George and Taft Receive $10,000
Annuities-Mrs. Roosevelt, Mrs. Cleveland,
John Morley and John Burns Remembered
; 30 M9
Andrew Carnegie’s will was filed to-day. He left less than thirty
million dollars after having given away over three hundred and fifty
millions. All the real .estate and works of art go to Mrs. Carnegie.
Financial provision for Mrs. Carnegie and for his daughteaf, Mrs.
Margaret Miller, was made during Hr. Carnegie’s lifetime.
The financial beguests are of wide range, Ex-President William.
H. Taft is remembered with a ten thousand-dollar annuity. Mrs. Theo¬
dore Roosevelt and Mrs. Grover Cleveland (who is now Mrs. Preston)
leach receive half that sum, yearly. A notable item is an annuity to
j Lloyd George, Premier of England, of $10,000. John Morley gets $10,000
a year and John Burns $5,000. In musical circles. Walter Damrosch
«is remembered with $5,000 a year.
j The institutions which drew so liberally upon the iron master’s gen-
jerosity during *his lifetime are not forgotten. The gift of $750,000 to
I the Cooper Union of this city is made complete with the sum of $60,000.
; Pittsburgh University is remembered with $200,000. Another bequest is
that of $200,000 to the Authors’ .Club of New York, Other institutions
ito receive; large sums are Stevens Institute at Hoboken, $100,000; the
St, Andrew’s Society of New York a Jtffte sum, while Hampton Institute in
Virginia (an institution for colored persons) receives the largest single
sum—$300,000.
'* The list of friends and subordinates j made during- Mr. Carnegie’s lifetime
‘remembered by Mr. Carnegie j a J rather, than by the will. In the words
lengthy and covers every phase of the ! H ie will itself: 'Having years ago
career of the philanthropist. Espe- 1 made Provision for my wife beyond
cially provision is made for those .who
served him in subordinate capacities,
S concluding with specific bequests for
■ the laborers on the Skibo estate.
Elibu Root, Jr., who filed the will,
.said:, ■
“Mr. Carnegie's gifts to charity dur¬
ing his lifetime totalled somewhat,.in
excess of $350,000,000. The value of
his estate is estimated at between $25,-
000,000 and $30,000,000. He really did
divest himself of his great fortune for
the benefit of mankind, as he long ago:
sdij.that he would.
all the works of art and household
goods to Mrs. Carnegie. Financial pro¬
vision for Mrs. Carnegie and for Mrs.
Garneeib’s daughter. Mrs. Miller, was
her desires and ample to enable her
to provide for our beloved daughter
Margaret; and being unable to judge
at present what provision for out-
daughter will Best promote her happi¬
ness, I leave to her mother the duty
of providing for her as her mother
deems best. A mother’s loye-Will. be
the best guide.’
“The fourth article of the .will con¬
tains a series of legacies, the most,
substantial of which are to charitable
institutions. The fifth article of the
will contains a series of annuities to
“The will leaves the real estate and , relatives and friends. The Carnegie
ICorporation of New York is the resie^-
uary legatee, and Home Trust Com¬
pany of New Jersey is executor and
trustee under the will.”
Mr. Carnegie’s joy in giving
I shines out in his final benefactions,
j His will is not the cold legal document
; of a man , compelled to relinquish
j his hold upon his possessions. It is
| infused with the spirit of one seizing
i! his last opportunity to gratify both
himself and new and old recipients
of his bounty. The one thing that
might safely have been said in ad¬
vance was that his will would be in
some way characteristic of him. Its
most distinctive feature is emphat¬
ically so,, This is the very unusual,
probably unprecedented, list of an¬
nuities. These are striking in their
yangX including as they do business
associates, friends, and public or
semi-public individuals.' A will that
| provided an annuity for the British
| Premier, the ex-President of the
I United States, and the widows of
j two former Presidents would be of
\ interest on that score alone. This
1 feature of the document is its au-
| thor’s final expression of his- well-
known conviction that public ser-
| vants are inadequately rewarded. It;
will be noted, too, that these annui-
| tjes finally revert to the residuary 1
i estate; that is, to the Carnegie Cor¬
poration. Thus Mr. Carnegie, canny
Scot as well as generous friend, con¬
trived to give and to conserve fit the
same time, so that his works might;
long live after him.
AUG 29 ’19
i
A Carnegie Planet.
Mr. Carnegie shared an almost
unique honor, with the Empress Eu¬
genie in having a planet named after
•"him during his lifetime. Two of the
remarkable family of minor planets
situated between the orbits of Jupiter
and Mars were named Carnegie and
Eugenia. In Mr, Carnegie’s case, the
honor was paid him by the Interna¬
tional Committee who give the minor
: planets their names in recognition of
■ his munificent gifts to American pb-
; servatories and scientific research
work generally. It was once, I be-
! lieve, suggested that he should buy
! the right to name the asteroids—of
I which there are several discovered
every year—and that the money thus
obtained should be used to endow re¬
search observatories in the southern
hemispheres hut nothing came of the
typically American proposal.—[West-
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 97-98 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
—
1:00
ill ’19
CARNEGIE DIES
Noted Philanthropist Expires
In His Eighty-fourth Year
■ succeeded
dent.
As secretary to Col. Scott, he found
himself hound up in a number of en¬
terprises and turning his pr'omiscuous
'activity to profit. It started/with an
opportunity thrown his way by Col.
Scott to purchase ten shares in the
Adams Express Company at $60 a
. share. His mother mortgaged her
i house to raise the money 'and he
i bought the stock. The transaction
, , _ * - - A ? opened to hihi a vast perspective of
LENOX, Mass., Aug, 11.—Andrew Carnegie died j possibilities. He had become a capi¬
at his summer home here shortly after 7 o'clock this t£Ulst
Up the Ladder of -S.access.
, ' *1.11 i*i Before long, in one way. aild another,
The cause of his death was said to be bronchial he had bought his way into the wood-
. ruff Sleeping Car Company, the Co-
pneumoma. lumbia Oil company,: the DUck Creek
Oil Company, the Dpttpii ‘Oil. Com¬
pany, the Pittsburg Elevator Com¬
pany, the Third National -Bank of
Pittsburg and a locomotive and bridge I
works. The ten yeg.rs from 1865 to j
1865 were devoted to these interests j
without the surrender of his Pe'nnsyl- |
vania connection. At 28 years of age, i
1903 to 1907, from which he received the degree of LL. D. in in 1865, he succeeded cm Scott as
^ , ,, . — . TT . .. _ superintendent of the Pittsburg divi
1905. He was Lord Rector of Aberdeen University from 1912
Andrew Carnegie, philanthropist, was born at Dunferm¬
line, Fifeshire, Scotland, Nov. 25, 1835. He came with his
family to the United States in 1848, settling in Pittsburg.
He was Lord Rector of St. Andrew’s University from
part he was to play' in the story of
steel. He needed thirty years for the
intermediate steps, and he had them,
with one to spare, before the high
tariff had thrown its protecting arms
to 1914. He received the degree from Allegheny College,
Pennsylvania, in 1915.
This was Mr. Carnegie’s third seat-
son at Shadow Bfook, the great sum¬
mer home built by the late Anson
Phelps Stokes and purchased by Mr.
Carnegie in 1915. He arrived this year
on May 81. He was noticeably weaker
than in previous years, taking very
little exercise except short walks in
his flower garden.
He passed most of his time in pleas¬
ant weather seated on his veranda,
which faces Lake Mahkeenec. He was
very fond of. this yiew, as it reminded
him of one from Skibo Castle in Scot¬
land. Only once this year had he been
out in the electric launch which he,
bought in 1916 for Ashing.
Shadow Brook is ope of the largest
private houses in America, having
more than 100 rooms. It is built after
the style of the English manor places
and stands half way up toward the]
summit of Bald Head mountain, hav- j
ing a view of more than twenty miles |
to the south. The place is said to
have cost Mr. Stokes more than $1,
500,000. .... |
Mr. Boynton announced this after¬
noon that no funeral arrangements
would be made until Mrs. Carnegie
had recovered from the shock pro¬
duced by her husband’s death. It is
expected, however, that the funeral
services will be at Shadow Brook and
the burial in New York city.
Members of the Carnegie household
said that the ironmaster had planned
to go to Scotland this summer.
Pittsburg, Aug. 11.—Flags on the
city, county and, other public buildings
were ordered at half mast 'to-day as a
sign of mourning for Andrew
Carnegie.
sion.
An oil speculation yielded him his j
first large profit. Tire’ transaction
involved the outlay of not a single]!'
dollar. A note bought'the stock; the]
dividends paid for it.
In 1864 Carnegie began to appre-i!
ciate the possibilities " in iron. He V
bought a one-sixth interest in the (j
Iron City Forge. .'Company. Thomas jj
about the “infant industry” he was to N. Miller, Andrew Kloman and Henry i
Phipps
Mliller
were- the , other partners.;
ras voted out and induced
help toward maturity. The tariff and
control of transportation lay at the
!. very foundation of his success. Carnegie to join with Him in starting
How he came to command that rival works. The 'experiment . was
golden rebate privilege and convert to' not a success and the two companies
! one gigantic purpose the Bessemer were merged as the Union Iron Mills
: steel process, Lake Superior ore a/pdi Company with a capital of $500,000.
; Connellsville coke is explained by Carnegie then' organized 'another
some of the earlier steps in his rest-, company, the Keystone Bridge
; less progress upward. . Works, which was . prosperous from
There was but little education for the first. Into it he drew CqI. Scott,
the boy in Dunfermline. What little now vice-president of the - Pennsyl-
lie got was at the local schools and v-ania Railroad, and more important
from an uncle who was addicted to in- still, J. Edgar Thomson, its president,
ilammatory speech and labor agitation.. The dividends of the new company
In 1848 the general adoption in Scot- quickly showed how much it was
land of the steam loom found his worth to have the Support of a great
father, a weaver, out of employment railroad. Carnegie resigned as
and the family decided to emigrate to superintendent. He had forrfed a
the United States. After a voyage that more profitable collection * with the
lasted forty-nine days they reached railroad.
port, mother and father, Andy, 18; At the outbreak of the Civil War
years ok], and Tom, 6 years, jld. They when Col. Scott was made Secretary
made their first home in Barefoot of War, Carnegie acted as superin¬
tendent of military roads. The knowl¬
edge he then gained enabled him,later
Square, Slabtown, Pa.
Learning; the Lessons of Thrift.
Here the father found work at his!
trade and entered Andrew in the same)
employ as a bobbin boy at $1.20 a
week wages. The mother took in
washing and did binding for a neigh¬
bor, a shoemaker named Phipps. With
the shoemaker’s ten-year-old son
Harry young Andrew earned odd pen-
to bid advantageously for many con¬
tracts for-new bridges and Iron and
steel ' for new railroads.
Saw Possibilities of Steel.
In 1867 he represented the Penn¬
sylvania Railroad in England, being
commissioned to sell about $9,000,000
in bonds. The task was fraught with
Carnegie accom-i
nies peddling fruits and cemented aj dlffl ]ti ’ b t
friendship and later a partnership not £ and hls commissions
to be completely dissolved while both, . £ mounted to approximately $225,000.
llve<3 ‘ Discharging his trust with, the rail-
CARNEGIE GRASPED
HIS OPPORTUNITIES
Became Steel Master by
Studying New Processes.
The good fortune of Andrew Carne¬
gie jbegan at the very start. He was
born in Ilunfermline, Fifeshire, Scot¬
land, on November 25, 1835. His good
fortune in the sense conceived lay not
I in the place but the year of his birth
, —a year that synchronized with der-
'■! tain Conditions in America which left
him just about time to qualify for the
The duties of bobbin boy were not)
| sufficiently remunerative and Andrew
j resigned.. After a brief essay at tend-:
5 jng furnace he became a messenger
j boy in the employ of the Ohio Tele-.
\ graph Company at a salary of $11.25
a month. In his resting moments he
' studied telegraphy, and four years
j later obtained employment with the
1 Pennsylvania Railroad as an operator.
Willingness td take a chance, with,
| the ability to back it up, resulted in
! his next advancement. A wreck oc-
i curred on. the railroad and Col. Scott,
I «who was in charge, was not to be'
I found. Young (Carnegie realized •/ the'
| conditions and nose to the occasion.
read, he kept a strict watch on the
steel industry in England, and in 1868
returned to the United States and in¬
stalled the Bessemer process of steel
refining in his/toills.' ;
It was the adoption of the Besse¬
mer process which laid the -way open
to empire in steel making. While
abroad Carnegie' saw a . giant B'essemer
converter in . operation and investi¬
gated the process. From that moment
his vision was steel. He returned to
1 Pittsburg and organized the firm of
Carnegie, McCandless & Co. There
were eventually fourteen partners in
the concern. Into its coffers went at
UUIilAlLJ.Uil.r5 CUJUU -*■ WOC LVJ LUC UUUCLOiUii. _ J
He sent telegrams broadcast to train : , Carnegie s profits from the sale of
despatches at other stations ordering
trains held and signed them “Thomas
A. Scott, Division Supt.” Traffic was
[restored without further accident. For
this notable service he was made sec-
j rotary to Col. Scott, and eventually
bonds and $25,000 more.
The first step was the purchase of
a 110 acre tract a dozen miles or so
outside of Pittsburg, where -tfifeji
erected a Bessemer plant an;d namec
it the Edgar Thomson Steel Works.
! With Thomson, president of the Penn-
I sylvania, there was gold in the cir-
I cumstances. At a stroke it settled the.
question how to deal with competition.
|| It was to be rebated out of existence.
••• Thus was described' the division of
labor among: the new partners at this
period: “Shinn bossed the show, Mc-
' i | Candless lent it dignity and standing,
j Phipps took in the pennies at the gate
1 and kept the pay roll down, Tom
| Carnegie kept everybody in a good
\i j humor, and Andy looked after the
H I advertising and drove the band
l wagon.”
A Student of Opportunity.
mors and boyish self-satisfaction with
what he was and had done.
Married, and Settled Down.
Somewhat intolerant^ in his earlier'
years, he is said to. have softened con¬
siderably after his marriage. At 63 he
married Miss Louise . Whitfield, the ;
daughter of Mrs. Frances D. Whit¬
field of 35 West' Forty-eighth street,
New York. His bride was 28 years
old. Their first New York home was
in East Fifty-first street, but, deciding
to establish his residence in this city,
he built a, palatial home further up
Fifth avenue, extending from Nine¬
tieth to Ninety-first street. Nothing
Carnegie’s business -methods earned | was overlooked in this masterpiece, of
him no little criticism, but in results 1 the architect’s art to provide for the
they justified themselves. He never I comforts and luxuries of its wealthy
pretended to be a practical master of master. While this home was being
ONLY CHILD.
the iron and steel trade. He was
student of opportunity and a sales-
j man.
In 1874 the real Carnegie boom be-
gan. The year before the first'of the
i famous Lucy furnaces had been built,
to be duplicated two years later. They
forced up the average output of iron
from fifty to 100 tons a day. The Ed¬
gar Thomson Steel Works were run¬
ning a successful race with their near¬
est competitor. -
As the profits mounted one by one
Mr. Carnegie’s partners dropped out.
Democracy in business had at that
time no virtues for, the man who was
gradually emerging as master. He
saw that in. the cuash or many opin¬
ions there was weakness; in one man
power strength and individual -profits.
Some of the partners Are said to have
been forced out; others voluntarily
parted with their holdings; others died.
By 1881 Carnegie owned more than
half of the entire business. A reor¬
ganization was undertaken under the
' name of Carnegie Brothers & Co.
prepared for him in America he nego¬
tiated purchase of Skibo Castle, in
Scotland. This ancient baronial man¬
sion he completely remodelled, ship¬
ping the steel and structural iron from
his mills in Pittsburg to the shores of;
Scotland.
Every whim of Mr. Carnegie’s was
gratified in the building and recon-1
struction of the Skibo dfetate. Thej
property, extends for miles along the
coast. It. has many excellent hunting
coverts, trout streams and a golf
course laid out according to the latest
expert advice. At a convenient point
is a specially built-iron and concrete
pier, off which his private yacht was
moored, always: heady for sea. Over
the Skibo estate, comprising some
35,000 acres in all, flew, a special flag
made? to show a combination of the
Stars and Stripes with the Union
Jack.
In this country retreat the tenants
of Skibo knew a different side of the
venerable owner than dicr the world,
uue ot o, ^ , In business he was hard, .sharp and
The new concern was a $5,000,000 ! , aggressive, demanding the same full
affair with Carnegie at the head. It 'value -he gave. In Skibo he was,the i
operated the Edgar Thomson Steel | generous dispenser of gifts to the peo-
Works, while a second limited part- ilple. He was a promoter of games and
nership called Carnegie, Phipps & Co. took keenest pleasure in watching the j
- - - sports. A private piper in Highland:
costume accompanied him on all his
trips about the estate. Nothing
seemed to-give him more delight than
watching the foot races of the boys
and girls of the place. Lacking an
appreciation of amateur sporting laws,
he gave liberal cash prizes.
Copyright, Press Illustrating Service.
Miller.
operated the Homestead Mills, the
armor plate mill near the same plant, j
! the Keystone Bridge Works and other ;
; properties. A few years later, await- |
j ing the advent of Henry Elay Frick in
i 1888, Phipps and Carnegie alone re-
: mained of the original fourteen part-
i ners. In the, last named year Carnegie !
found himself in control of seven great
| j iron and steel works and possessed of
11 some $15,000,000. The: profits of the
; 1 companies in 1899 were given as- $21,-
■ 000 , 000 .
Value of 10 Years. Efficiency.
During the ten year period Mr.
j Carnegie- had risen to be absolute
; master of steel.
r- In 1892 occurred the Homestead
j: strike and the famous Frick-C^rnegie
IT fight. Carnegie was severely criticised
j for having remained in Scotland play-
! jjig golf while the strike was in_prog-
; Tress/ leaving Frick here to battle : for
them bith, and for having later forced
j Frick-out of the combine. The differ-
I erfbes of the two men were ultimately
j adjusted by. a plan of reorganization
! : which recognized Frick’s claims.
For two 1 years from” 1899 the'Carne-
|: gie ^teel Company dominated the steel
industry, but in 1901 it was absorbed
. by the United States Steel 'Corporation
for $460,000,000, the greatest sale ever'
i recorded. That same year Mr. Cqrne-
f gie retired from business. At that'-time
his income. Was said to exceed $22,000,-
1 000 a year, 7
Mr. Carnegie was one of the world’s
efficient little men who gain in-vitality
what they lose in bulk. He was hardly
more - than 5 feet 4 inches in height.
His feet and hands were small, his
eyes blue and- keen, his head rather
large and solidly modelled. A short
white beard hid evidence of obsti¬
nacy. A shaggy, shock of white hair
denied his years. In his brighter
moods he was a jovial .figure of a man,
with something of the familiar “Andy”
1 showing through the master of mill¬
ions. He was given to boyish hu-
Remembered His Early Struggles.
He offered many'advantages in edu- j
cation to the children of Skibo. He j
remembered his •'own childhood, with
its bitter struggle against the wolf, j
and always sought to ease, the path of i
the kiddies who. came ’to his Attention.
The upkeep of such a tremendous
tract required, the maintenance of a
large staff of assistants. There were,
game keepers, fish ' experts, foresters,
gardeners, house attendants, grooms, j
yeterinaries. and stable attendants, &c.
Mr. Carnegie was in advance of the j
times in regard to prohibition. He
was a total abstainer himself and
urged abstinence: upon, his employees.
He gave a 10 per cent, bonus to all
the employees at Skibo and in his
houses in this city every year they
reported that they? had not drunk any
intoxicating liquors. He said once that
the first, and most seductive peril and.,
destroyer of most. young . men, , was
drinking alcoholic liquors.
His views of life were broad and di¬
versified-
After devoting himself to the liberal
art of living Mr. (farnegie become a ,
great reader and ^expressed • lw3a§el£‘!
freely qp. all manner or subjects, eco¬
nomic/social, political, philosophic and
literary. He formed many friendships
with prominent men in all parts of ,
the: world and often in his Fifth ave¬
nue house was the host at gatherings
of unu'sua-1- distinction. K
He was the , author of several j'
books, more than one of which pro¬
voked international. discussion. His ,
two earliest works were “Round the ^
World,” published in 1879, an ac- \\
count of a trip, aqross the Pacific to :
Japan and back by way of Suez and
Europe, and “An- American Fo ^" in '
Hand in Britain,” in 1882. These
were followed in 1886 by his "best
known book, “Triumphant Democ¬
racy,”, which reached in two years a
circulation of 40,000 copies, and “The
Gospel of Wealth.” In 1902 appeared
the “Empire of .Business,” which has
been translated into' eight languages,
and two years later a “Life of James
Watt.”
Disbursing H*- Great Fortune.
The erubs, orders, &c., of which Mr.
Carnegie was a member include the
Lotos, St. Andrews, Biding and Driv¬
ing, Indian Harbor Yacht, Engineers
and the Authors. He was a Com¬
mander of the Legion of Honor of
France, Grand Cross of Orange and
the Grand Cross of the Denebrog.
Fifty-three cities of Great Britain and
Ireland conferred citizenship upon him. ;
Mr. Carnegie’s benefactions exceeded'
'the sum of $400,000,000. People the
world over benefited *by the little
.Scohchman’s outpouring of wealth.
'From New Zealand to California, from
i Canada to the Orkney Islands, the
!words “Carnegie Library” have, a
! neighborhood meaning. To the making
of many libraries apparently there
| seemed to him no limit save the limits
I of the globe. He made it the business
of his later years to give the reading
| opportunity to any community any-
j where which manifested a desire for
j it vital enough to conserve it once it
j had been given.
■;| /He declared that,. remembering his
j own boyhood, when access to a libr^ty
I of a few hundred volumes wa£ a
lighted door of exit from his insuffi¬
cient early education, he made a re-
| solve to keep that door open to others
; if ever he had the means.
1 For " libraries in this country alone
Mr. Carnegie expended upward of
I $30,000,000. The largest single gifts
were to New York, Philadelphia, and
\ St. Louis.
Library gifts mounting into the
millions were also- made to Canada,
'1 Great Britain, Scotland, Ireland, Porto
Rico, New Zealand, Tasmania and the
West Indies. Over $6,000,000 arorep-
i resented by the libraries Mr. Carnegie
I gave to England.
Many Communities Benefited.
Mr. Carnegie had founded 1,500
d libraries or more and his secretary
J was considering fresh applications al-
J most every day up to the time of his
! death. It was Mr. Carnegie’s idea
] that these institutions were in no I
sense a charity, but a benefit assured
by popular support.
“Free libraries maintained by the
people,” he once declared, “are cradles
j of democracy, and their spread can
i never fail to extend and strengthen
| the democratic idea, the equality of
1 the citizen, the- royalty of the man.
; They are emphatically fruits of the
j true American ideal.”
Much criticism attended the accept¬
ance of these gifts both here and
: abroad. This was offered on the
j ground of the great cost of maintain¬
ing the libraries, a condition always
imposed upon the beneficiaries, and on
the ground of the reluctance con¬
fessed by/ some of the captious to con-
! spire' with Mr. Carnegie in what was
1 viewed as a vast'scheme of self-per-
> petuation and self-advertisement.
The largest of Mr. Carnegie’s single
gifts was that creating the Carnegie
‘ Institute of Pittsburg. This gift to
the city of Nis prosperity called for a
total outlay for building, equipment
and endowment of from $16,000*000 to
$25,000,000. The technical schools
form a group of buildings near the
main structure. It was the technical
schools that Mr. Carnegie regarded as
of first importance in the foundation.
They provide training in the handi¬
crafts, technical methods and a gen¬
eral industrial education which calls
! for technical learning or skill. The
; institute was formally turned over to
| the city of Pittsburg on April 11,
j 1907, with impressive ceremonies. In
i his address of presentation Mr. Carne-
[ gie said:
Congratulated by Rockefeller.
“Dollars are only dross until spirit-1
ualized, a means to an end. and miser- j
able is the man. mean and squalid his :
life, who knows no better than to i
deaden his soul by mere possession,,
counting over the hoard which holds J
him down by using his faculties in bid j
age in augmenting the useless stuff
I which ministers not to any taste
worthy of man.”
On this occasion occurred a memora-
| hie exchange of letters between Mr.
Carnegie and Mr. Rockefeller, his great
i rival in the disbursement of millions.
Mr. Rockefeller wrote:
“Please accept my hearty congratu-
1 latione on your great and good speech
i at the dedication of Carnegie Institute
in your old home city of Pittsburg,
j It has the right ring., I am with you.
You have my best wishes for the suc¬
cess of all your grancb efforts to help
your fellow-men. I hope and trust
that our prosperous men the world
over will be stimulated to emulate your
noble example. I believe that untold
1 good will result therefrom.”
Answered Mr. Carnegie:
“Many thanks, fellow worker, in
the task of distributing surplus wealth
for the good of others. I clasp you
han<|. Your congratulations are high¬
ly valued.”
Second in size of Mr. Carnegie’s
l benefactions is the Carnegie Founda-
| tion for the advancement of teaching!
and the retirement on suitable pen¬
sions of professors of the college in
- this country, Canada and Newfound¬
land. The amount first set aside for
this purpose was $10,000,000 and see-
; tarian institutions were debarred.
Later $5,000,000 was added to the
original fund.
In January, 1902, Mr. Carnegie
called into existence, th^ Carnegie In¬
stitution of Washington, a project for
the encouragement of higher education
| and advanced scientific research.
Carnegie Foundation* Worldwide
The Carnegie Hero Fund Commis¬
sion came into existence in 1904 witl
a fund "of $5,000,000. It was designe<
to make provision for those dependen
upon persons who had lost their live
or sustained injury in the perform;
ance of acts of heroism. Medals werj
struck bearing 'Mr. Carnegie’s profile
i in relief which are awarded in recogj
! nition of courage of the heroic ordel
I Canada, the United States and New
foundland share in the awards of „th
I commission, which has thus far disj
bursed ofer $360,000 in benefits ad
5 awarded 379 medals.
Mr. Carnegie’s partiality for th;
members of the engineering profe^
i sions led him several' years ago tj
1 finance at a cost of $1,500,000 tb
| erection of the United Enginercinj
i Building at 25-33 West Thirty-nintj
! street, which became the headquai
ters of five separate organizations (j
engineers.
The number of his gifts to the col
leges of the country' was legiop
Many went to the ■ smaller colleges
To Amherst he gave $100,000 for a
new dormitory and twenty-five Car-.
! negie scholarships; the University of
! Southern California received $25,000;
Lake Forest College, $40,000; Western
Reserve University, $125,000; Iowa
College, $10,000 and a new library;
Bates College, ,$50,000; Brown Uni-
! versity, $150,000 toward the John Hay
library; Stevens Institute, $125,000;
Lafayette College, $60,000; Penn¬
sylvania State College, $150,000;
’Oberlin, $125,000; Tufts, $100,000;
Syracuse, $150,000; Bowdoin, $50,000
; for a professorship in history and
: political science, and Hamilton Col-
! lege, $200,000 toward the Elihu Root
; Trust Fund, while to Princeton he
[presented an artificial lal^e and other
gifts. -
Education for the Poor His Hofcljy.
Mr. Carnegie was convinced that the
problem of the South would be solved
by Hooker Washington’s • policy of
education: In giying; $600,000 for the
endowment of Tufekegee Institute he
, declared that he considered the negro
educator “one of the greatest living
j men, the modern Moses.” History, he
I added, “is to tell of two Washingtons,
/one white and the other black, both i
fathers of their people.” To Berea J
College he gave $200,000 toward the
maintenance of a separate school for i
negro students.
To Cooper Union Mr. Carnegie gave |
$300,000 for the establishment of a
mechanical arts day school.
Other dispensations designed to ad¬
vance the cause of education were
$250,000 to the Mechanics’ and Trades¬
men’s Institute of New: York, $200,000
for ’ Curtis scholarships to the Uni¬
versity of Paris and $10,000,000 for the
Carnegie Educational Fund in Scot¬
land. .
In ’March, 1910, he announced the
creation of a fund of $5,000,000 in the
interest of teachers and the. better¬
ment of educational facilities in ten
leading cities of the United States. Of
i that amount $500,000, yielding an an¬
nual income of $12,000, was appor¬
tioned to the teachers of New York
-4ty- 1
To the largess publicly given must
be added many gifts to hospitals,
asylums, friends and. old employees.
Among the most graceful of his per¬
sonal gifts was that of the late Lord
Acton’s library to the Hon. John
Morley. j
It is noteworthy tl/iat Mr. Carnegie
never, gave money for the support of
a church. It was a principle with him
not to do so, not because he was him¬
self an agnostic and a student of Her¬
bert Sipencer, but because he did not
believe the highest good would come of
this form of giving. In the donating .
of church organs, however, ho was
j lavish.
Discrimination in His Gifts.
“I am a devoted lover of music,” he
Said only a short time ago. “I give
organs to churches or help churches
to get organs" because I am willing to
be responsible for everything the
Organs say, but I could not be respon¬
sible for all that is said from ; the
pulpit.”
-Spelling reform was another hobby
ridden very hard by Mr. Carnegie; Of j
late years his ardor on the subject
perhaps had cooled a bit. His attempts ,
to finance a new orthography into gen¬
eral use had obliged him to submit to
a good de'al of raillery from those who ■>
did not feel .the force of the reform
argument.
Not all the demands upon liim met
with assent. He knew how to refuse
and sometimes did it with emphasis.
He was especially unwilling to give
aid where those benefited failed' to co¬
operate with him.
“I have often been asked,” he said,
“why I do not do so and so for a city
or institution. It is usually because I
want those places or institutions to
help themselves. I love to help those
who help themselves.”
The outbreak of the world war came
as a great and staggering blow to Mr.
Carnegie. For years he had labored
hard to establish a peace court, and he
gave $10,000,000 to build and maintain
a palace at The Hague, where ' he had
! fondly hoped all international contro¬
versy would be:settled without blood¬
shed. That,, the nations of the world
should ignore his palace at The Hague
when the greatest of all peace confer¬
ence Ayas in progress was another
cruel blow.
Worked for European Harmony.
So earnestly did he strive to re¬
establish harmony and understanding
between thq warring nations that the ;
j Germans capitalized his name and in- j
1 cOrporated it in their peace propa¬
ganda in 1915. Mr. Carnegie denied
j that he had ever offered money to
finance propaganda to bring about a
I German sought peace.
The efforts, of Mr. Carnegie to bring
about a world harmonoy, disarma¬
ment and peace by arbitration aroused
considerable criticism, but he con¬
tinued his efforts, established his com¬
missions and redoubled the vigor of
his efforts. He did not profess to
know how war might be ended, but
declared that there must be some way.
When war came to. America, how¬
ever, 'Notwithstanding his great love
of peace Mr. Carnegie contributed lib¬
erally toward the Liberty Loans. As
| thoroughly as he had opposed war
with Mexico he approved America’s
declaration of war against the Ger¬
mans, then threatening to overwhelm
Europe with final ruin. He gave with
conspicuous generosity toward war
welfare work. In the great Red Cross
war chest campaign in early 1918 Mr. j
Carnegie made a single gift of $1,000,-
000. N
The reestablishment of peace with
victory crowning the arms of Amer¬
ica made Mr. Carnegie especially!
happy. He spoke several times in sup¬
port of the founding of a world league]
for the preservation of . peace, but,
when the stress of war had died away
Andrew Carnegie, more than four¬
score- and three, withdrew from the
public eye and spent his remaining f
days absorbed in the more intimate |
interests of his family, neighbors: and]
friends.
Daughter Marries.
Mr. Carnegie’s daughter Margaret |
was married on April 22, this year, to
Roswell Miller, formerly an ensign ■ in
the navy and npw on the reserve offi¬
cers’ list. The wedding was . cele- 1
bra ted at the Ninetieth street home of 1
the bride and was marked by its infor¬
mality. Only the im med iate family 1
and most intimate friends of _th$ bride I
and groom were present. *J\lr. Gmw,
negie gave his daughter- amlfr** MrJ® :
I Carnegie, with her own handmade ;
I her wedding dress. The ceremertiy was !
1 performed by the Rev. Dr. W. Pierson j
Merrill of the Brick Presbyterian ;
Church before an altar of floW >|-^\
\ erected in one of the smaller dining
rooms.
There were no bridesmaids. Miss- 1 !
Carnegie was attended by Mies Doro- :
thy Miller, sister of the groom, with !
| whom she was graduated three years
ago from Miss Spence’s School. C- 1
j Roberts Miller, younger brother of.
! Ensign Miller, was best man.
Mr. Carnegie and Roswell Miller,
’ Sr., had been friends' since Civil War
days, when Mr. Carnegie was superin¬
tendent oi- military railroads and Mr..
Miller was a captain of artillery. The'"''
friendship was renewed in 1899, when
Mr. Miller whs made chairman of the [ '
board of directors of the Chicago. Mil- 1
waukee & St. Paul Railroad, and came ,
to New York to live. . i
Ensign Miller was a sophomore at
Stevens Institute, in the early days of !
the world war. die went to Prance as .1
a volunteer to drive an ambulance, j
When the United States entered the.
war he returned to New York and
joined the navy. His sister gave aj
party at their residence, 969 Park
avenue, to welcome him home, i
and Miss Carnegie was one. of
the guests. His attentions pleased ;
Mr. and Mrs. Carnegie, and when En- j
j sign Miller was mus.tered out of the j
service last fall his engagement to
Miss Carnegie was formally announced j
Nov. 25, on Carnegie’s eighty-third j
birthday, ■ . . M
Mr. and Mrs. Miller left New York i
: immediately after the ceremony for !
i an extended honeymoon. They . have f
taken, a. house at Princeton, N. J., and
I ip the fall Mr. Miller expects to enter j
1 Prlncetop University and complete his] !
] education as a civil engineer. ; j
AUCii’19
CALL CARNEGIE
GREAT GENIUS
Financiers Pay Tribote to
Dead Ironmaster.
■ ; . 1 -- }
SCHWAB IS DEEPL Y MOVED
Perkins and Lament Contribute
Words of Praise*
George W. Wrkins, upon hearing of
-Andrew Carnegie’s death to-day, said:
am deeply grieved to hear of it. !
He was a very great American, be¬
longing to that class which after the
war of ’62 was quick' to appreciate |
that we had a united country and a
| great opportunity. He grasped the
new machinery which inventors placed
in our hands at that time, and with
them threw all his great mental en-
iergy into developing our country.
When his active business career closed, i
[with the same energy he gave a large |
[percentage of his wealth to move¬
ments that he believed would help the j
[people. One of the last talks I had!
[with him was about profit sharing.
He was most enthusiastic in his com-
Imendation of the Steel Corporation’s
[profit sharing plans and expressed the
[belief that the principle of profltshar-
ing was destined to be a greatfm^tor
in solving the existing problems be¬
tween labor and capital.” |
Thomas W. Lamont of J. P. Mor¬
gan & Co. said:
“Mr. Carnegie had extraordinary j
qualities which made him a notable
figure on both sides of the Atlantic.
He first achieved a great success in
industry, a success which he shared j
liberally with his capable lieutenants,
and then devoted his fortune and his
energy to the causes of education and
peace. His libraries spread over the:
English speaking world, his founda- 1
tion for the advancement of teaching,
his aid to the causes of peace and
Pan-Americanism were wise gifts of
enduring value and service.”
James B. Clews of Henry Clews &
Co. said:
“The death of Mr. Carnegie removes
one of the greatest characters the
world has ever known. In these days
of labor unrest his career offers a
fitting example of what caq be accom¬
plished by one commencing in the
lowest station of life when he pos¬
sesses the necessary qualifications for
rising in life and makes the most of
his opportunities. Viewed froiji almost
any standpoint, it seems almost in-
credible that any one should' have
been able to start at the lowest rung
of the ladder as a messenger boy and
work himself up through various
grades until finally he became the
greatest manufacturer that the uni¬
verse has ever seen.
“The name of Andrew Carnegie will
I last for many ages to come, not only,
however, as the foremost iron mer¬
chant, but for his great works of
philanthropy for the benefit of map-
kind. Mr. Qarnegie not only was a
great money maker, but he was also
a great spender and a spender in the
; right direction. No one perhaps will
i ever know the total sum bestowed for
' benefactions, but that they ...equalled
fully $350,000,000 is generally recog¬
nized. Nor will it be known until his
will is filed what part of his vast for¬
tune he retained at the time of his j
death, but iii all probability this will !
also approach close to $360,000,000, a
large portion of which, no doubt, will
go to charity. Mr. Carnegie’s life was
a well rounded out one, and H is safe
to say that he made every one of his
eighty-four years count to the ut¬
most”
“I would be difficult for me to find
words to express my love and admira¬
tion for Mr. Carnegie,” said Charles
M. Schwab.
“He was my friend, partner and as¬
sociate for thirty years. He was the
greatest man I ever knew, and his -
heart was so filled with tender senti¬
ments especially with reference to hi
associates, as to make him beloved
as well as admired by all who came in
business or social contact with him.
“He possessed the faculty of inspiring
others to untisual effort in. a greater
measure than any man I ever knew
and he always won -by expressions of
appreciatipn ■ rather than by criticism.
“The* world has lost a great bene¬
factor. and I have lost a greater friend [
than whom no man ever had.”
AUG 12’19
CARNEGIE T0L1E
AT TARRYTOWN
I , ____________
Ironmaster to Be Buried m
Sleepy: Hollow Cemetery.
NO SERVICES IN NEW YORK
Private Funeral to Be Held Thurs¬
day at Shadow Brook.
Lenox, Mass., Aug, 12.—The body of
Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate, who
died here yesterday, will be taken to
Sleepy Hollow, Tarrytown, N. 'S'., for
burial, it was announced at the Carne¬
gie home here to-day.
It was also said that there will be
no funeral services in New York. At
the same time it was learned that the
Rev. Benson N. Wyman, pastor of
the Lenox Congregational Church, and
the Rev. Dr. William Peirson Merrill,!
pastor of the Brick Presbyterian
Church, Hew York, will officiate at a
private funeral service to be held
Thursday morning at Shadow Brook. .
After the services Thursday the
body' will then be. taken by . special
| tra,in to Tarrytown, N. Y., for burial
in a lot Mr. Carnegie bought there a j
few years ago.
A
■
AUU12 '19
Andrew Carnegie.
For eighty' years Andrew Car¬
negie’s intense vitality, was a con-,
spicuouau, trait in the life which
secreted so great a quantity of what
is sometimes called “the tincture of
i success.’’ .His .biographers and com -
! mentations differ as to many details in
their estimates of his character, but
all must agree that unflagging industry
| and alertness, welded with a canny
| Scottish instinct for the main chance,
availed to make him richer than even
he wanted to be, perhaps ; at least, in
his later years the great bulk of his
j wealth threatened to become burden-
j some to him. He knew what a great
j mass of money could do, and with a
! profound recognition of, its power for
j good or ill he tried to make it work
| for the general betterment of his fel-
i low creatures—according to his own
lights.
He had the extraordinary reverence
| for books and book learning which is
j sometimes noticeable in men whose
; early opportunities ; for school study
' have been scanty. It seems hardly
rorth while to decry the idea of free
, libraries which was so precious to
1 him, and argue that the.money might
! have been spent to better advantage;
perhaps so, but until the Carnegie
; Libraries can be proved to be bad in¬
fluences in the country’s life, they
must he accepted as his worthy offer¬
ings, since they represented the best
! things lie knew. The sad and con-
| spicuous consequences of smattering
education and unintelligent reading
were not brought into being by the
public libraries; the fault, as always,
lies with the individual who misuses
a real means of improvement; each
person falls short for himself. Wis¬
dom, and even book-learning, cannot
be poured Into minds with a spoon;
it must be absorbed with a conscious
effort.
His later gifts of money for public
, uses were especially praiseworthy in
proportion as they provided for flexi-
{bility in the administration of the
; endowments, the end in view being
j the'same. The tenacity of purpose
which was a feature in Mr. Oarne-
j gib’s '^character made him more dis-
; posed to make rigid frameworks for
! the future than was always wise ; but
I the hammer of experience and ob-
| serration taught him, in time, that
! the dead band can scarcely hope to
; direct a viable institution. All en-
gin.es of good works most be operated
by engineers of the living present;
only the money fuel does not deterlo-
: .rate.with age. And one of the most
reasonable traits in Mr. Carnegie’s
! character—because it is so human—
; was his desire that 'the world . should
I consider him a benefactor, a phll-
[ anthropist. “When he got around to
'being a philanthropist” (as somebody
said), “he made a big business of it,”
Surely his good works are none the
worse for that f He wished to be
written down as one who loved his
fellow men, and he was quite simple
in saying so.
BURIAL OF CARNEGIE
IS SET FOR FRIDAY
Body Will Rest in Crypt Near Tomb
of Washington Irving.
Tarrttowx, Aug. 13.—The body of
Andrew Carffegie will be carried ,to
the Sleepy 1 So: low Cemetery by auto -
mobile heafp.e and not by train from
Lenox,* said v..>rd received, to-day by
’ the cemetery officials. The body is
i to . arrive Friday morning.
The., Carnegie plot is the largest in
the cemetery, it overlooks the Hudson
j and contains 3 3,000 square foot, stuci-
! ded with pine trees and shrubbery. The
Pocantico Liver flows along the east
! side of the plot; while a-Short distance
J a,way is the mausoleum of William
Rockefeller ahd the plot of John D.
Rockefeller.
Nine hundred feet from the Carnegie
plot lies the body of Washington irv-
ittg. The Carnegie pint whs bought
1 three years ago by Mi-s. Carnegie and
her daughter. The crypt of reenforced
• cohcrete with hollo# tiles tyas built,
j it Contains spaed-for but two bodies.
Philadelphia, Aug. 18.—Because of
the death of Andrew Carnegie flags
on all the city’s free libraries are at
half staff. There are now twenty-two
' branch libraries in this city erected on
the Carnegie Foundation of $1,500,000,
out of which it is proposed to erect
thirty buildings.
The gift was offered by Mr. Carne-
ie on Jan. 3, 1903, and dn Jan. 11,
904, councils authorized the Mayor to
liter 'into the agreement, which was
fleeted on Feb. 20 of that year.
Of the thirty libraries, twenty-one
re no# in operation, and the Ringses-
ing branch wiil be opened in a few
reeks. From these libraries gh aver¬
age of .neatly 9,008,000 persons mads
ise Of 3,1'35,297 books last year.
AUG 14 ’19
CARNEGIE TO BE
BURIED TO-DAY
Private Funeral Service Con¬
ducted at Lenox Home.
TWO CLERGYMEN OFFICIATE
Orfy Relatives and Intimate
Friends Are Present.
Special Despatch to The Evening Sun,
Lenox,. Mass. , Aug. 14— 1 The beauti¬
ful curving roads passing through the
Berkshires, to Shadow Brook, where
Andrew Carnegie lived for three sum¬
mers, were dotted at an early hour to-
day with automobile^ conveying
mourners to the funeral services for
ithe steelmaster.
Shadow Brook is about two miles
from the business centre of the town
| of Lenox, overlooking a valley which
for exquisite setting has few rivals in
! this' country.
Rising I gently from one of the main
highways to Stockbridge, the . level,
(tree girt driveway ascends gradually-
j until it ends in a sweeping arc in front
the imposing Carnegie home, and
j it was- along this the mourners passed.
A report published by some news-
| papers yesterday saidrthat on account
of doubt as to the religious belief of
I the late steelmaster there was a ques¬
tion as to the form the services would
j take, but the arrangements officially
announced did' not vary from those
! forecast soon after Mr. Carnegie’s
j death.
Body to Be Taken to Tarrytown.
I The Rev. Dr. William Pierson Mer-
i rill, pastor Of the Brick,,Presbyterian
I Church' of New York, was to officiate
m.t the services beginning at the home
; at 10:30 A. M. He was to be assisted
ly B. N. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox
Congregational Church, The body was
then to be taken to Tarrytown for
burial in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.
Mr, Carnegie, a@ is known, was not
a member of any church, although
Mrs. Carnegie has belonged to the
Brick Presbyterian Church in Man-
| hattan for more than ten years.
When in New York the family at¬
tended services at this church, but
l during the summers went to the Con¬
gregational Church in Lenox, ft was
this that gave rise to the report that
.there was doubt as to the form of the
funeral services.
j Soon after Dr. Merrill arrived here
[ from New York, however, it was offi-
! cially given out that the rites were to
| be those of the Presbyterian ritual for
! the dead,-consisting of readings from
I the Scriptures, prayers and the sing¬
ing of hymns.
“Although a member of no church
I Mr. Carnegie was a deeply religious
man,” said Dr. 'Merrill, “and had a
j Arm belief in a higher divine power.”
tfharles M. Schwab Arrives Early.
Dr. Merrill was one of the early ar¬
rivals at the ; Carnegie home, as was
Charles M. Schwab, an associate' and
close friend of the late steelmaster for
forty years. ‘ ^
Others who arrived at Lenox last
night for the funeral were Elihu Root,
Jr., Mrs. Henry Phipps, wife of the
former ' partner of Andrew ’Carnegie,
and Howard Phipps, her son; R. A.
Franks, the late steelmasteris flnan-
! (rial secretary, and the Rev. Frederick
J Lynch, secretary to the Reconstruc-
j tion Mission sent to Eut-ope by the
j Carnegie Foundation,
j As previously announced, the list of
j persqns to attend the services, which j
were' private, had been limited to im-
j mediate relatives and intimate friends.
AUG 14*19
Andrew Carnegie Laid to Rest
Simple but I repressive Funeral Services at
Shadow Brook—Burial in Sleepy
Hollow Cemetery.
From a staff Correspondent of The Evening Sun,
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 14.—In the east room of Shadow
Brook, where through the windows could be seen the wooded
slopes of the tanglewood country of which Hawthorne wrote)
a funeral service was held this forenoon for Andrew Carnegie.
It was conducted by the Rev. Dr. William Pierson, pastor
of the Brick Presbyterian Church of Manhattan, assisted by
the Rev. B. N. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox Congregational
Church. Afterward the body was taken by motor hearse to
Hillsdale, N. Y., and from there by way of the Harlem road
to White Plains. Thence it was to be transported by motor
to Tarrytown for ^burial in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery at 5
o’clock this afternoon. ---——————-———
The service was peculiarly appropri¬
ate to the late steel master. Starting
at 10:30 o’clock, it was marked by sim-
i felicity and was as brief as it was un¬
ostentatious. An earnest worker for
world peace, Mr, Carnegie’s soul re¬
ceived the scriptural promise of eter¬
nal peace from the two ministers;
Charles M. Schwab, who for 40 years
had been a close friend and business
associate of Mr. (^arnegie, sat with
bowed head \ while; the simple rites
were being performed. He and a few
other intimates whose names are high
among the officials of the Carnegie In-
! stitute and the Carnegie Foundation i
! were the only persons present outside
tho immediate members of the family. j
Most of them accompanied the body 1
to Tarrytown to attend the equally
I simple services at the grave.
Presbyterian Service Read.
| Why the route by way of Hillsdale
was chosen could not be learned; but
! it was said to ha,ve been due to the
desire of Mrs. Carnegie to avoid a j
crowd at the railroad station at Lenox.
There was a report that the strike of !
I the shopmen of the New York, New
Haven & Hartford was responsible for ;
this arrangement, the family desiring 1 !
i to avoid any chance of mishap, but !
i this was denied by persons who at¬
tended the funera 1 .
The service at the home was that
| of the Presbyterian church for the
(lead and was begun with a prayer
by the Rev. Mr. Wyman. Then fol¬
lowed a reading from the Scriptures by
I)r. ' Merrill, whose .quiet, restrained
voice was easily heard in the big!
spacious room where the coffin rested,
backed by palms, and surrounded on
three sides by great floral -wreaths,
many .of them made up of orchid^.
Outside, as the service progressed,
the cold southeast winds suddenly died
away, and the rain which had fallen
all night stopped. The sun, coming
through the clouds for a few moments,
gave the sweeping panorama that
touch-of glory which not only Haw¬
thorne but Oliver Wendell Holmes
‘ and Longfellow had commented on so
frequently in their writings.
Shadow Brook is a huge, low, wide
winged pile on an eminence looking on
the ‘one side across a deep valley to the
high shouldered slopes of Baldhead
Mountain. On the other side it fronts
•on another valley equally as pictur-
j esque.
Breaking through the clouds of mist
; rolling across the valleys, the sun lit
| up the tops of the towering pine trees
: which formerly fronted the “little red
house” in which Hawthorne lived.
This structure no longer exists, but
; its site is only a few yards , from the
I high entrance to the Carnegie estate.
For a few minutes as the vapor set¬
tled the summit of Monument Moun¬
tain could be seen in the distance, and
farther to the south the rolling coun¬
tryside leaders to the dome of Taconic,
fifteen miles away.
Singing of the Hymn.
It was at this moment that 'the
quartet which had, been brought from ;
the Brick Presbyterian Church’to pro-:
vide the music-for the service began
to sing.
Coincident with the sudden glpriflca- j
tion of ' the tree tops the words of
Matheson’s hymn drifted slowly 1
through the hushed rooms:
O love that will not let me go,
1 rest my weary soul In thee;
I giye ; thee back the life I owe,
That in thine ocean depths its flow
May richer, fuller be.
As the sweet melody fraught with
its message of hope and faith died
away a quick wave of emotion swept
over the assembled mourners, and eyes
became moist in Mr. Carnegie’s mem¬
ory. '
Desirous as were Mrs! Carnegie and
the members of her family for the
strictest simplicity, the service at times
attained almost overpowering impres¬
siveness, and this was one of those!
occasions. ". , ■ .
Old Partners Unable to Come.
Only about forty persons in all at¬
tended the service at the home, j
Neither Henry Phipps nor Mr, Lauder,
former partners of Mr. Carnegie, was
able to be present, .both- being ad¬
vanced in years and in ill health,
which made it impossible fob them to ;
undertake the journey to Lenox.
. Some of those, present in addition to
Mr. Schwab were Mrs. Henry Phipps,
wife of Mr. CsLrnegie’s old partner, and
her sjon Howard; S. II. Chhrch, presL-
dent of the Carnegie Institute in Pitts-!
burg; R. R. Church, A. C. Dinkey,
Elihu Root, Jr., R. A. Franks, treas¬
urer of the Carnegie Foundation; the
Rev. Dr. Frederick Lynch, secretary
of. the reconstruction mission sent by
the Carnegie Foundation to Europe,
and these relatives: .
Mrs. Carnegie^ widow of the steel
master; Andrew Carnegie 2d, a
nephew, and Mrs.. Carnegie;" Morris
Carnegie, another nephew; Mrs.
Marius Johnston, a niece; Mrs. Ros¬
well Miller, the daughter, and her hus¬
band; Miss Estelle Whitfield, a sister
of the elder Mrs. Carnegie, and Mrs,
James Greenway, a niece.
In addition there were present Mr.
Hammerschlag, technical director of
the Carnegie Institute, and others as¬
sociated with this organization and the
Carnegie Foundation.
The Road to Shadow Brook.
.Many of those invited to the ser¬
vices at the home j came to* Lenox by
motor. Shadow Brook is about two ;
miles from the business centre of 1
Lenox and is reached by way of one
of the roads going to Stockbridge.
This road winds upward between
towering maple, and pine trees until it
reaches Shadow Brook, and it was
along, this route, past the site of Haw¬
thorne’s “little red house,” that many
of the mourners rode on their way to
the house.
. Reaching the summit thev continued
along the bluff overlooking the silvery
expanse of Lake Mahkeenac and
passed down the wide driveway to the
Carnegie residence.
The body of the steel master lay in
a heavy dark mahogany coffin, cov¬
ered with black broadcloth.
A solid silver plate bore this inscrip¬
tion in old English script :
: ANDREW CARNEGIE,
: Born, Dunfermline, Scotland, :
: Nov. 25, 1835. ;
: Died, Shadow Brook, Lenox, :
: Mass., Aug. 11, 1919.
The coffin rested-on supports at the *
east end of th§' room, the space front
being taken up by the members of the ;
family and the mourners.
Two Other Hymns Sung.
Dr. Merrill was one of the first to
arrive. The quartet from his
church had been brought to Lenox by
| Clarence Dickinson, th eorganist, and
In addition to “Q ioye that will not let
me go,” sang two other hymns, “He
Leadeth Me,” and ‘‘Crossing the Bar.”
The three hymns had been favorites v
of Mr. Carnegie and were selected for
that reason.
Although the Rev. Mr. Wyman is a
Congregationalist and assisted Dr.
Merrill, the, service adhered strictly to
the regular form of the Presbyterian
church.
The steel master was a member of no
church but when in New York and
■able to do so attended the Brick Pres¬
byterian (Church, of which his wife had f
been a member for more than ten
years.
When in Lenox the Carnegies went
to the Congregational church, the
Presbyterian denomination having no
edifice here of its own, and this was
one of the reasons Why • Mr. Wyman
was asked to assist at the service.
Another was that Mr. Carnegie had al¬
ways believed firmly in the good done- J
by the country churches and therefore ,
would have wished that the pastor of !
the local church be present. g
> The service at the house lasted little i
mam than a half/hour,'and. then the
body was placed iin the motor hearse
for itss twenty mile journey to Hills¬
dale.
The rites at the grave in Sleepy Hol¬
low Cemetery were to be a brief com¬
mittal service conducted by Dr. Merrill 1
alone.
Yesterday Henry, Augustus Luke !,
man, the sculptor, made a death mask
of Mr. Carnegie, which will be kept by
the family.
1^1 s
A(|C 21 79
FILE CARNEGIE
WILL NEXT WEE
Root Hopes to Have Testa-
raent Ready Then.
FAMILY IS PROVIDED FOR
Document Believed to Make Few
Bequests to Personal Friends.
Until ELLhu Root lias filed Andrew
Carnegie’s will for probate, which lief
plans to do next week, no authorita¬
tive estimate of the size of the estate
j of the late ironmaster can be made.
Reports that he left only $50,000,000
Wre denied here to-day', and it is said
| that even Mr. Root does not yet know
the amount-disposed of by the will.
The will on which this report was
I based was made, it is said, some years
j ago by Mr. Carnegie after he had de-
, voted much thought and study to the
matter. It was revoked and a Will
i carrying Out his ideas but actually
i drawn up byMr. Root was substituted*
Provided for Daughter.
"! The decision to revoke the earlier
! will was made by the ironmaster, it
i is said, on the occasion of-his datigh-
! ter’s marriage to' Ensign Roswell Mil-
! ier this spring. He made a generous
financial provision for his daughter
When she became Mrs. Miller.
[ In. both wills Mr. Carnegie is report¬
ed to have made moderate bequests to
a number of personal friends and. as-
sociatese. In each case the Home
Trust Company of Hoboken is inamed
as trustee and executor. That organi¬
zation will continue also to act as dis-
.] burser to nearly 500 persons who for
|| years have relied altotgether or partly
on Mr. Carnegie’s generosity for their
living. All of these had been known
by Mr. arnegie in his earlier days and;
1 dduring their lifetime they will receive:
■j checks runningfrom $25 to $50 niontli-
; Jy-
Carnegie Organization.
The Home Trust Company is Mr.
Carnegie’s own organization, created
entirely to care for his financial trans-
j actions. It was incorporated in New
j Jersey in 1D01 With a capital of $100,-
! 000. In accordance with the wishes 1
; of the ironmaster it made no public
1 statements except those required by
law. Robert A. Franks, 135 East
I Sixty-sixth street, is president of the
company. * The other officers are
I George W. King, secretary; Alexan¬
der, treasurer; T. Morris Carnegie, An- !
drew Carnegie 2d, James C. Green- j
■ Way and Harry Whitfield, trustees.
The last statement showed total re- -,
1 sources of $208,12:8 made up as fol¬
lows: Stocks and bonds, $177,500; due;
from banks, $5,628, and United States,
certificates of deposit, $25,000. The
liabilities included $100,000 capital-
stock and $108068 undivided profits.
The report that Mr. Carnegie left
only $50,000,000 was based on a state¬
ment made by one of his relatives who
was said to have seen his last income
tax return.
Genius for Giving,
i In the old ecclesiastical clays the
: rich man. frequently divested himself
j of possessions during his lifetime.
[ Andrew Carnegie adopted an idea as
1 old as the Middle A;c-- and restored
a practice that had fallen into dis- 4
use. Instead of bestowing his life¬
time gifts on the Church as such, he
disposed'them to the benefit of Hu¬
manity. Aided by this substitution
his version of the rich man and the
Kingdom of Heaven took the form of
a much quoted maxim on the disgrace
of dying rich.
Now at last upon thq publication
of the will of this cheerful and per¬
sistent giver it appears that he donated
fully nine-tenths of his wealth before
his death. He gave heedfully, though
a more recklessly open hand would
have made hns. more popular; per¬
sistently, busying his head with in¬
numerable opportunities for benefac¬
tion, weighing them, estimating their
money’s worth in good to others, at
an age when the brain Craves freedom
from care.
He died a rich man still, 'but indeed
not “disgraced,” as he called it. Per¬
haps he might have attained entire
poverty, had a few more years been
given him.
: :!
AUG 30 ’19
CARNEGIE GENIUS ’
OF STEM, TRADE)
i‘ , . : j
Industry’s Development Was;
Greatest Under Him. ;
| ; ' - - --- !
j BANK'S OPINION OF MIS CAREER 1
:■ -~p~—-7. I
National ■ City’s Bulletin Discusses J
Him as Employer,
i Andrew Carnegie had an original,
constructive and managerial type of
mind. To liis 'business genius the
iron and steel industry owes its de¬
velopment. He put all his energies.
Into this work, believing in the theory
of “putting- all, his, eggs into one
'basket”
“There was never a period in the
! development of■ the steel industry like
[that in which Carnegie Was in the
j business,” says the-September bulletin
of the National City Bank in a review
of his career.
"We have seen, that Mr. Carnegie’s
investment of profits resulted in bene- "
fits to the whole civilized world,- re¬
ducing the cost of steel, of transporta¬
tion, of tools and implements, food¬
stuffs and clothing, and increasing the
supply of all these necessaries. If he
[had had less capital available for such
I development his accmoplishments
would have been of less importance,
j and it is probable that the disburse-
ment of this capital to his employees,
j scattered among so,many, would have •
! been without traceable results. In other
words, the surplus in question brought
| larger results to the entire wage earn¬
ing class as used by Mr. Carnegie than j ■
If arbitrarily distributed to the rela- f
tively small group who happened to be
his own employees.
“The same result is illustrated in j
He nry Ford’s career. That portion of j'
! his profits which he - distributes as
extra bonuses to his own employees
| aooomplishes less permanent good
j than the portion Which he expends for
j experiments and investments resulting
,! in the general advancement of indus-
J try and in -the development of such
I Implements as the farm tractor.
Ephemeral and Enduring.
| “fit is gratifying to know that an
i employer has the generou&$taapulse to
pay his employees more th%£1 the mar-
! Icet wage, -but it is still more-satisfac-
tory to know that there isa natural
j economic law which, accomplishes an
i even broader distribution, and < does it
. with unerring certainty not only from
|the' gains of the generous but from
the accumlations of the most grasp-
ling and selfish.
i “With respect to the argument that
{the accumulation of wealth in his
[business is prima facie evidence that
[he might and should have paid higher
wages two questions may be raided:
First, whether the employees of Mr.
[Carnegie, as a matter of abstract jus-
j tice, were entitled to higher pay than
yfiie- employees of .his competitors for
[doing the same kinds’of'work;'’and,
j second, whether it would have been in
[the public interest, or tire interest of
the wage-earning, class as'a jvhple. for
j him to have disbursed liis profits in
payment of wages above the economic
| level. -
“Mr. Carnegie did not pay any class
of labor lower wages than Were cur¬
rent in the industry for a given class
of work. On the contrary, he had the
reputation of being a good employer.
It may be laid down as a general rule
that the large employers in a^iy indus¬
try do not pay less than standard
?es. They know the - value of
steady, reliable, experienced ,em-
ployees, and do not expect to hold
them, or bother to try to get them,
below the going wage.
Knew TWue of Incentive.
“Mr. Carnegie was exceptionally lib¬
eral to men in positions where individ¬
ual capacity counted. Nobody knew
better the value of incentive to in¬
dividual effort, and presumably lie
offered it wherever production might
be increased. The only . question,
,, therefore, is whether the mere fact
f that a man was in Mr. Carnegie’
employ entitled him to higher pay
than if he did the same work for a
less prosperous concern.
“There is no other way in which
the benefits of industrial progress are
so widely and promptly distributed as
by lower prices for products to con¬
sumers, They are carried in this
manner to the entire population, the
economically weak and helpless as
well as. to those fortunately strong and
weli situated to enforce their de¬
mands. Compare this method with
the scramble for wage increases- in
which the organizations which have
control over certain necessary services
are able to. exploit all the rest of the
community.
Maijc the Steel World.
“The, steel business was developed
out of its profits-—the profits which
have been, so often, criticised. With¬
out them the required capital would
not have been available and steel
would b© still unknown to its multi¬
plied uses.. It is the same with all the
Industries. The great cotton manu¬
facturing industry has been developed
by means of the profits made in it and
the public has gained more by the in¬
vestment of these profits for the
cheapening of production than it
would have gained' in having cloth j
sold to the public at cost, because
in the latter event- there would have
been no progress in 8 the industry.” •,
■
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 107-110 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
NEW Y ORK, H
CARNEGIE DIES
HIS BENEFA CTJ
IRONMASTER’S ESTATE MAT
HIS VAST gifts
negie’s residence, Fifth avenue,, Nine-
j tieth to Ninety-first street, in the
| presence of 100 guests, the bride stand-
EQUAL
ing in a floral bower and Scotch, ba£- jured and aged employees of, his
pipes playing in accordance with her
lather's wish.
jj The bridegroom, son of Roswell
•Miller, late president of the Chicago,
Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, had
Andrew Carnegie Unexpectedly Succumbs to War'was declared'. In 1916 he left
^ 0 1 J , Btevens Institute, Hoboken, where he
of $9,000,000. His first big gift
the Setting aside of $4,000,000 to siip!
ply pensions and relief for the i n !
plants — “an acknowledgment of the
deep debt which I owe to the work¬
men whp have contributed so greatly
to my success." He added an e xtra
million for the support of libraries
Bronchial Pneumonia While in Sleep at
Berkshire Home—Daughter Rushes
by Motor From Many Miles Away.
MiiwaUKee ana r am Rauroaa, had for his workmen, and took up his 11
ttot completed Ins college course when brary h6 bby in a wholesale wav it
giving $5,200,000 to New York City tot
the erection of sixty-five branch
libraries in the metropolis. Another
million he gave for a library i a
Louis. *
“I have just begun to give mones
away,” lie said in anndunceijtent 0
these gifts. He kept it up as fast a
he could with discrimination. Q n j
braries alone he spent upward r
$53,000,000. He gave them to som
2,000 English-speaking community
throughout the world. One of .his
braries is; in the Fiji Islands.
He remembered Pittsburgh, t»
. scene of his steel-making triumph
hpre T)p«fh was Hnp to hrnrmhinl nu pit mania wbiVh rliH naf Pittsburgh jn Mourning. by establishing there a great inst
nere. ueatn was. aue to oroncniai pneumonia, wnicn aid not Pittsburgh, Aug. il— This city, itute, including the largest of his
(Special Despatch to The Globe.)
ivas taking a course in civil engineer¬
ing, to drive an ambulance in France
and when the United States became
Involved he entered the navy as an
fcnsign.
It was said at the time, .of; the wed-;
fling-. that after the honeymoon Mr.
Miller and his bride would go to
Princeton, where he would complete!
his studies before entering upon a
Professional career. The former lVfjss
mi ker\F>' hair east ol
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 11.—Andrew Carnegie died at 8.50 {^ e S e, twentyd;wo h yife th Ql|f Sier
A. M, to-day. a£ “Shadowbrook,” his beautiful Berkshire estate! wsbandds'tw. 0 years her senior.
develop until yesterday. His advanced age had lessened his where Andrew Carnegie' laid the Sgf 1 ®^ ®*
powers of resistance. foundation for his. vast fortune in. I fogicai a Schools, with T*total miS
Just before the end, his physician says, the fern** iwrtl-J“S?h s « tau „
in Washington, which should be th
fountain head of advanced work !
‘‘investigation, research, and discoi
. , ,, . , , - bute to him. immediately after learn-
master and philanthropist lapsed into a quiet sleep from which bg «>f his death, Mayor e. v. Bab-
he never awakened. At the time of his death, his wife and his At SSS'S
secretary John A. Poynton of New York, were the only ones at &£»
the bedside. to drape the buildings with crepe.
Mr. Carnegie's daughter, Mrs. Roswell Miller, was at her , leatTfprsid rapiai°”thro^h S
country place at Millbrook, N. Y., in the southern Berkshire? ^ steep mills which bear his
~ . . . ... , . ’ , ’ • AJCiMimc,.. kame, preparations were made to sus-
Un being notified by telephone of her father’s death, she r end work and other enterprises in
hurried here by motor. ' K hlc - h h< ?.. wa ? interested, planned
It had been noted by neighbors of the “Laird of Skibo” that
on his visit to his Lenox home this summer he showed less
activity than in other years. Previously he had delighted in
boating and fishing in Lake Mahkeenac, upon which his estate
fronts. This year he had been on the lake but; once, although
he came here in May. All of his time was spent on the broad
piazzas of his home, where he sat in the sunshine, looking out
; upon the lake.
Similar action-
f Announcement was made this after¬
noon that the funeral of Andrew Car-
! negie would be held ’from the home
' and would be strictly private. No
date was given out.
Mr. Carnegie’s widow, who was
Miss Louise Whitefield of New York,
and his daughter, Margaret, who mar¬
ried Ensign, Roswell Miller of New
! York last April, are; the only mem-
j bers of his family.
i Although Mr. Carnegie, who was
! in his eighty-fourth year,. had been-
an invalid since 1917, when he suf¬
fered an attack of grippe, the news
of his death was a shock to old
Mr. Root declined to discuss Mr
Carnegie’s affairs other than to say
that, as he was a citizen of this city
his Will doubtless would be probated
here. He intimated that the pass¬
ing of Mr, Carnegie would have no
effect upon the future of the Car¬
negie Foundation and other philan¬
thropies established by him.
James , B. Clews, a friend of Mr.
Carnegie, said he probably had given
away $350,000,0.00, and he would not be
surprised if his estate would amount
to a like sum. A Washington de¬
spatch says that up to July 1, 1918,
Mr. Carnegie is known to have given
$350,695,653 to philanthropy.
Previously Went to Skibo.
Two years ago Mr. Carnegie found
friends and former business assoei-1 a refuge at “Shadowbrook,’’ his new
ous illness he had been under the
care of two nurses.
j chased from the estate of Anson
Identified so long with the interna- Phelps Stokes. Previously he had
tional, peace movement, Mr. Carnegie j spent his vacations at-Skibo Castle
was said to have been more severely Dunfermline q nftt i a „j . ’
affected by the world was than most Wnfermhne, Scotland. When he
men. It. came as a hard blow to him Purchased the Berkshire property it
and the chuse which he had so close ; was announced that neither he nor
at nS‘ +n aic in^nv. M.- n any member of his family probably
negie for some time had led'a se-! woulLcl ever again visit Skibo because
eluded life, and his withdrawal from of changes, physical and sentimental,
all public activities gave rise to fre-: ca y se d by the war.
quent statements concerning his 1 , However, according to members of
health. After his retirement, he was', 6 household, Mr. Carnegie had
compelled to limit the number of his “R ped ■ to- go to Skibo castle early
daily visitors and until his last ill- tni s _ year, but changed his plans when
ness he met and spoke with only a he ¥ arned that under governmental
few of his oldest and closest friends. •' restrictions he would be unable to
Mr. Carnegie's physician had decided A ak ? tnc- retinue of servants that he
that he frequently overtaxed his desired, the regulations limiting him
strength by seeing all callers at his- one au tpmobile and one'chauffeur,
home here on Fifth avenue. His Daughter’s Weddine
Elihu Root, Jr., whose father, for- The marri!.™ n t at.. ,, . ,
mer United States Senator Root, has . A “® marriage of Mr. Carnegie’s
been Mr.'Carnegie’s.counsel for years, aau ® dlter was the last social affair
expressed his sorrow at hews of the the aged philanthropist and peace
ironmaster’s death and said he advocate attended in this citv The
would inform his father, wno is at his , , :■ y *
summer home in Clinton, near Utica, i eremony was Performed at Mr. Car-
GAVE AWAY ONLY
HALF H!S WEALTH
Andrew Carnegie’s efforts to give
away his fortune to ‘avoid dying in
disgrace’ were vain, according to
Wall Street authorities.
They estimate that the Laird of
Skibo had given way $350,695,653 up
to June 1. 1918, but that he still
had $350,000,000 at his death.
Andrew Carnegie
against i time when,
cry,” and'placed in the hands of it
trustees a total endowment of som
$ 20 , 000 , 000 .
To his native Scotland his large?
single gift was a fund of $.1.0,000,®
to aid education in Scottish univei
■He'carried out his pet idea Of ,
Hero Commission, endowed in 190
with $5,000,000 by which hundreds
men, women, and children have beet
rewarded with. Carnegie medals i>
pensions for acts of heroism in thi
rescue of imperilled persons. Be latei
extended similar benefactions t,Q sot
era! foreign countries.
He established the Carnegie Foun¬
dation for the Advancement of Teach
ing with a total fund of $ 15,000,000,
which has taken tip efficiency surveys
of educational work, aided many insti¬
tutions, and provided pensions for col¬
lege professors. In 1911 he capitalized
his educational benevolence, so that.
__
in 1901, at the ftf big greatest ideals was the
abolition of war, a hope that he cher¬
ished in the face -of international con¬
flicts. He gave. $10,000,000 toward an
International Peace Fund, and W!
the peace palace at The Hague, which
age of sixty-five, he resolved to give
away his enormous fortune. Ho held
it “disgraceful” for a man to keep on
gathering idle millions. In the o»m. U1(J ^ ^ ^
paratiyely few years which the actu-| wa s dedicated in 1913. He gave $WV
ary could allow him, he would disem- 000 for the bureau of American c
barrass himself of practically all lie! ’rhoved him to
had. No man had ever'launched a equlp hundreds of churches and. ih-
phllarithropic campaign of such dL stitutions with pipe organs. He neVer
mensions. ' gave directly any Garge sunt W «'
His was then a fortune of fast ^^/"h^wSuld hold Wm.ell rft
about a quarter billion dollars, the| gponsible for what the' organ pealed
largest ever acquired by a foreign-! forth on the Sabbath, but
born American, second only to the'AVhat might be said In the PU P'i 1
John D. Rockefeller wealth as the| a ^n^-was^heCarnegie Music HaH
United States, and, built, qs it was,; - „ oresiderit of the New fork
ot 5 per cent, steel bonds. Ifwould,; p hi iharmonic Society he spent W
without so much as turning over one s| mnnfiV , ]iberally furthering;'^
^Th“ a biiniu £
hv th» tlm P Pa rnotric could have liqeiaiiy
by the time Carnegie could have
called himself an octogenarian.
He declared, when lie gave up
gathering wealth and, announced an
era of distribution, that he expected
it more difficult to give his millions
away than it had been to. acquire; mentTto perpetuateYis memory,
them. “How would you give $300,-; Tn the background of these years
. 000,000 away?’’ became such a popular: philanthrop there is the-
'query that an English advertiser who s tory of Scotch thrift,, a little. W
Pittsburgh orchestra. .
To the Allied Engineers’ Societies
he gave $2,PQO,QQ0. His small gifts ‘
colleges amounted to $20,0(W,00«. - ■
man left at his death such aniWJ
and’ such a scattered series of ’
query mat, an r.nsiisn auveruser wuoi-^ry of Scotch tlirirr, a
employed it, received no less than and steel which made such generpW
45,000 suggestions as to how Carne¬
gie could rid himself of his wealth.
Twelve thousand persons solved the
problem in part by asking for some
of the money themselves.
The answers which Carnegie him- *««>«• — —
, self gave and backed up with his! rppfw51v a child when li° flst ° n
millions made him the most original,. ^ , tftP bv reciW
I if unf tbA of 1 is ^ ed hl S schoolmaster oy ,/j,
possible.
His Thrift Proverbial.
Carnegie was fond . of telling t'
story himself. Rapidly covered, if"®
this: His first penny he earned _
j if not the greatest,, of philanthropists.
Takes Up Library Hobby.
Before lie sailed for Scotland in i an. anecdote of ho
I Sunday school to
1901 he. left letters announcing gifts
Burns’s long poem, Man ^|||
to Mourn” without a break. 1 r , a
when
■ecite !
nm Scripture the young- Scot unwit”'Pullman Company he had realized
•indv forecast his own fortune hy $10,000 for the venture. ;i
riving- the homely advice: “Look after Carnegie was twenty-six when the
L pence and the pounds will take civil war broke out and he saw his j
“...o of themselves." old employer and friend Scott, ele-1
Andrew was twelve when his father, V ated to the post of Assistant Secre-j
master weaver, was brought almost t(try War. Carnegie in turn won
destitution. The steam looms drove
,jm out of business. The family
timbered four, including “Andy" and
hisyounger brother, William. The
Lents decided to emigrate to Amer-
ca whence some relatives had pre-
Lm them, with success. They set¬
tled at Allegheny City. Pa., across the
river from Pittsburgh, in 1848. The
I father and Andrew found work -in a
'cotton factory, the son.as bobbin boy.
It was his first work. The. salary was
$1.20 a week. He was soon promoted,
at a slight, advance, to engineer’s as¬
sistant. He stoked the boilers arid
ran the engine in the factory cellar.
In those clingy quarters, where he
worked twelve hours a day,, came the
inspiration that later led to his library
benefactions, he said. A Colonel An¬
derson, possessed of some 400 books,
announced he would open his library
eek-end and allow boys to.
an appointment as director of govern¬
ment railways and telegraphs.
borrow any -books they pleased. Car-
the carnage he saw at several battles i
may be traced his lifelong belief in
the folly of warfare—“a blot upon |
civilization.” ' j
Unwittingly following the lead of
a man who was later to eclipse him
in fortune building, Carnegie, at
thirty years of age, invested in oil.
As one of a syndicate he bought up
o vast tract of oil land. In a year, to |
the surprise of all the investors, it
baid the astonishing return of $1,000,-
000 in cash dividends upon a capital
|)f $40,000.
First Venture in Iron.
But iron was the magnet then at-
•acting Carnegie. The railroads
ere experimenting with cast-iron
bridges. Carnegie foresaw the de-
negie was one of the most eager
readers.
‘'Only he who has longed as I did
for Saturday to come,” he has said,
“can understand' what Colonel An¬
derson did for me and other boys
of Allegheny. Is it any wonder that
1 resolved, if ever surplus, wealth
came to me, I would use it imitating
my benefactor?”
At fourteen Carnegie emerged from
the engine cellar and became a tele¬
graph messenger. J. ; Douglas Reid, a
Dunfermline man, who had come to
America early, was head of the office
and he made Andrew his protege..
Telegraphy was then almost a new
thing. Nobody ventured to rgad the
dots and dashes by sound. They were
all impressed on tape. Carnegie is;
said to have been the third, operator
in the United States to accomplish
the feat of reading messages by sound
alone. He practised rhornings befqrgi
the regular operator came around.
'One day a death message signal
came,” ho has related, “before, the
operators arrived. In those days;
death messages -were the most im¬
portant messages we. handled. I"ven-s
tured to take this one.”
He did it correctly and delivered;
the. telegram before the regular force;
on duty at all. It won him
promotion to the key and sounder.
When the Pennsylvania Railroad put
up a telegraph wire of its own he be¬
came clerk under Divisional Superin¬
tendent Thomas A. Scott. His salary
jumped to $35 a month. “Mr, Scott,”
he observed, “was then receiving $125
a month, and I used to wonder what
en earth he could do with so much,
money.”
Bread-Winner at Sixteen.
Andrew was sixteen when his fa¬
ther died, and he became at once
[the breadwinner for the family, and
true capitalist. He had been told
by his trusted employer that teri
shares of Adams Express stock could
be had for $500, and it was a good
investment. At a family council that
[night, Carnegie’s mother decided, she
would mortgage her little home for
$500. The stock was bought, and it
brought monthly dividends of 1 per
cent.
‘I can see that first check of $10
dividend money now,” he said, when
he became a retired ironmaster with
millions. “It -was something new to
all of us, for none of us had received
anything but from toil.”
The next step toward independence
and fortune came when T. T. Wood-
mand for a factory that could turn
out the iron parts, and he formed
the Keystone Bridge Works. They
built, as their first great piece, a I
bridge over the Ohio river, with a
span of 30Q feet. Demand for similar
structures became general, and the
Keystone works got the big orders 1
and profits.
Carnegie then began to see that iron
rails must be given UP for steel. On
a visit to England in 1868 he discov¬
ered the success being obtained there
with the Bessefcher process. Carnegie
quietly brought it home, .and before
the English makers were aware of the
fact, he had adopted it in his mills.
The romance of his success was such
that the immigrant boy of 1848 be¬
came some forty years later the n
world’s leading producer of steel, a
multimillionaire himself, and fast S'
bringing a score of other men into the
same category. Many square miles
of his mills surrounded Pittsburgh. He
reached into upper Michigan. 700 miles
away, and acquired vast regions of
Ore land. He established railway and
steamship lines to bring the ore .to
him. He boasted of the reduction in
price of steel rails from $95 a ton down
to $26. His critics claimed that eveiv
thq lower figure was maintained only
by the fact th at he had monopolized
the industry. A former secretary once- 1
divulged what was alleged to have
been official correspondence to the ef¬
fect that the Carnegie, steel combina¬
tion could sell rails at/a profit as low.
as $12 a ton. .
It was certain that the grip which
he had upon , the steel situation made
his elimination necessary if others in¬
quest of wealth in steel were to
realize 'the milions the/ saw > going'
to him. He was, accordingly, bought
out in 1901. The syndicate headed
by J. P. Morgan, which desired to
form the billion foliar United States
Steel Corporation, paid $420,000,000 in
their five per cent/ bonds for the
Carnegie company’s holdings.
“What a fool I was,” Carnegie later
said in a hearing before a Congres¬
sional committee at Washington, “to
sell out to the steel oorppration for
only $420,000,000. I have since learned-
from the inside, that 1 could have re-,
ceived $100,000,000 more from Mr.
Morgan if we had placed that value
on our properties.” Carnegie's per¬
sonal share in these holdings netted
him about $250,000,000. His first ac¬
tual investment In Iron had been
$1,50© of borrowed money, thirty-six
■years before,
Made Fifty Millionaire*.
The secret and method of my sue-’
ruff, the inventor of the sleeping car, cess is simple,” he said,
approached him with a model of the g- a nized my business into depart-
invention. “He had not spoken to;/ t I put the best man I could
ft C'nmop-m Vin.G * . _ . _* «i.
roe a minute,” Carnegie has since re¬
called, “before, like a flash, the whole
fairge of its value burst upon me.
Yes,’ I said, ‘that is something which
this continent must have.’ ”
, He consulted Scott , 1 and the three
invested for the manufacture of the
cars. Carnegie, then earning $50
monthly, imd to borrow $200 as his
instalment of capital, but later
ynen he sold out his interest to the
find at the head of each department,
held him responsible and judged him
by results, I have; started more than '
fifty men on the road to millionaires.”
Carnegie’s mother, to whom he re¬
peatedly gave credit for all that he
was, lived to be an octogenarian, and
so devoted was he to her that he hesi¬
tated to. marry. In 1888. however.
he married' Louise Whitefield, of New
York, by . whom he had one child, a
daughter, Margaret, born in 1897. His
bride was twenty years his junior. To
her and her daughter probably re¬
mains a large fortune, notwithstand¬
ing Carnegie’s public gifts.
As an American citizen he estab¬
lished a magnificent home in New
York, on Fifth avenue at Ninetieth
street, and at the same time negoti¬
ated the purchase of the celebrated
Skibo Castle in Scotland. This mam¬
moth baronial structure he remodeled,
bringing some steel for the purpose
from Pittsburgh, The estate, com¬
prising many square miles along the
Highland coast of Scotland, has ex¬
cellent grouse moors, and fishing
brooks, in which Carnegie delighted,
a golf links which he established, and
a pier off which he kept his yacht
Seabreeze. One way or another he had
crossed the . ocean some hundred
times, and once took a tour around
the world.
On his Skibo Castle flagstaff he
flew both the Stars arid Stripes arid
the Union Jack-sewed together.
Intermittently, Carnegie made ready
use of his pen. His interviews with
the newspapermen invariably wound
up with an envious remark such as
“I would like nothing'better than to
be a reporter.” He wrote a little for
the press in the days of Horace Gree¬
ley, and later owned a paper for a
time. His books numbered about a
dozen, his first being a testimony to
his love of coaching—“An American
Four-In-Hand in Great Britain”
(1883). The next year he wrote
“Around the Worfd.” Then,- “Trium¬
phant Democracy”—a review of fifty
years o fthe republic. . Upon his re¬
tirement from business in 1901, he
wrote “The Gospel of. Wealth,” and
followed it with “The Empire of
Business.” In 1905, he, once an engin¬
eer in the factory cellar, wrote “The
Carnegie.
life of James Watt,” the inventor of
the steam engine. His most recent
•'work was “Problems of To-day.”
Subject of Attack.
The attacks upon Carnegie were at
one time numerous. He was often ac¬
cused of having violated in practice
what he had so conspicuously preach¬
ed in theory regarding labor. He
saw the development of workingmen’s
unions and sometimes was forced
to concede their demands. He him¬
self claimed to have always main¬
tained a relatively higher wage in
hiib mills than' any other manufac-
tU Iiis theory on this subject and
others, is reflected at random in
numerous bits of epigrammatic-
phraseology culled from his. inter -
views, speeches and writings. _
“The instinct which led the slave
holder to keep his slave in ignorance
was a true one. Educate man, ana
his shackles fall,” he said. j
“Labor, capital, and busmess alnl-,
ity are the three legs of a three-
legged stool; neither is first neithei
is second, neither is third; th^rg 4?
no precedence, all being equally nec¬
essary, He who would sort /bscord
among the three is au'-enepry
“The day is coming, and alreauy
We see It dawn, In which the man
who dies possessed of milliori^ ;
available wealth which was fiee and
in his hands ready to be distributee
-IfJSft'®, line h. «ai*
eUpylng his last years grasping t
more dollars.” <‘Tmmense
were born to control affairs.
ill 't9
! Of the over-working' tendency in.
I America: "I hope Americans wi 1
some day find more time for piay,
like their wiser brethren on- the otner
On temperance: “The first and most
seductive peril and the destroyer of
most young men, is the drinking of
liquor.” (Mr. Carnegie himself was
a total abstainer, and gave his em¬
ployees at Skibo Castle a 10 per cent,
advance on their wages every year
they reported that they lmd not
touched liquor).
His terse comment on such suh-
1 jects and others without end—“pov-
ierty as a spur to success. mother
love” “business organization, good
reading ” “hcime making,” and
‘.'peace!’’ he has scattered through his
bhoks, even more widely than his
princely gifts. „ ■ « ,A_»i
There are two Carnegie gifts
which will be generally forgotten,
I since they were never , accepted. IT
i wits■ reported that' -his. anti-imperiaf
ism prompted him to: offer $25,000,00:
to the United States; government ift
it would turn over the Philippines to\
the natives'for self-government. Later
when the question of “What shall we
do with our ex-presidents?” was wide¬
ly discussed, Carnegie’s Imagination
solved the problem. He offered to
support them on a $25,000 pension,
every year so long as they .lived, and
do the same for their widows so long
as they remained . unmarried. The
proposition was frowned upon and
1 dropped.
Honored in Great Britain.
Mr. Carnegie was the holder of mu-,
merous honors and decorations be-
! stowed upon him. by rulers and people
. all over the world. He received as a
result of his benefactions abroad the
freedom of fifty-our cities in Great
Britain and Ireland., Altogether he
endowed 3 , 000 . municipal libraries m
the United States in addition to his
other numerous philanthropic enter¬
prises. - ,
He was lord rector of St. Andrew s
University, from 1003 to 1907, and of
Aberdeen University from 1912 to
3014 and held the honorary degree of
doctor of laws from the universities
; of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Birmingham,
Manchester, McGill, Brown, Pennsyl¬
vania, Cornell, and other American
colleges. .
Mr. Carnegie was. a member of num¬
erous philosophical, civic, and Scien-
' tifip bodies, among , them the Arneri-
; can' Society of Mechanical Engineers,
! the American Institute of Mining En*
! gineers, the National Civic Federa¬
tion, the American Philosophio So¬
ciety and the New York Chamber of
Commerce. He was a commander of
the Legion of Honor, of France and
had also received the grand crosses,
Order of Orange, Nassau' and the
j Order of Danebrog. He was a mem-,
ber of the Union League, New York
Yacht Authors, Lotos, St. Andrews,
I Riding, and the Indian Harbor Yacht,
I clubs.
AUG 11 5 f9
“Only Way to Keep You Within
Bounds ” Carnegie Told
Schwab After Scolding Him.
Charles M. Schwab, one of the
original “Carnegie Boys,” is never
too busy to talk about his associa¬
tion with Andrew Carnegie and just
how much he owes in life to the un¬
swerving faith that the ironmaster
reposed in. his young lieutenant.
Following a dinner by the em¬
ployees of the Emergency Fleet Cor¬
poration at which Mr. Schwab pre¬
sided the writer spent an hour with
the nation’s shipbuilder and found
him in one of his rare reminiscent
moods. When tire conversation veer¬
ed around to Andrew Carnegie, Mr
J SchwafinFelhaHTed: ‘‘Xs open handed
]] and open hearted as, he was in his
generosity to me, I recall one little
instance that shows just how ca^fsy
ho was.
. “Many years ago when' I .first took
I up golf Mr. Carnegie -upon learning
| that I .was going abroad for an ex-
J tended stay, insisted that I should go
fjto the' St. Andrews Golf Club and
play over its links. 'Now,; Charlie,’
l.ho said, ‘your stay in Scotland will
be for naught unless you join this
| Club'and partake of its wonderful hos-
jj pitality and play, over its world-
famous links. I .will fix everything
"or you and cards will be awaiting
you at your London hotel.’
“Sure enough when I arrived in
London I received notice of my elec-
don to the club and incidentally
bill- for - several hundred dollars,"
whatever the initiation and yearly
fees were. Of course I paid it, but I
determined I would make Mr. Carne¬
gie reimburse me. So when I arrived
mine I enclosed him the bill With the
comment that when I was enter¬
tained at a club I took it for granted
my host was all, the name implied',;
Later I had a nice note from Mr. Car¬
negie, ignoring my reference to the
bill, and concerning entirely different
matters. But the bill also was en¬
closed to me. That bill went back
and forth in every letter Mi*. Carne¬
gie and I exchanged. He never re¬
ferred to- it either in letter or by
word, and in the end I failed to make
him come across;”
Continuing, Mr. Schwab said: “But
there was another- side to his char¬
acter. A few years before I left the
’company he sent for me one day and
said: ‘Charlie,. I am worried about
you. I fear you are extravagant.
; Strange tales have come to me about
your lavish mode of living and the
reckless manner in which you spend
money. I should discipline you. But;
the only way I know of keeping you
within bounds and help you to live’
within your income is to raise your:
wages. So hereafter, Charlie, your
salary will be a million a year.’
“That salary was continued until I
severed connections with him, ,
i “When Bethlehem -Steel came so
; near collapsing a few years ago I was
I dead cold broke. When I went home,
: that night I said to my wife: ‘How
! much money have you?’ She told me
that she had a few hundred dollars-;
in bank. ‘Well,’ I replied, ‘that is all!
that stands between us and starva-i
idiom I could make a riffle, I suppose, |
and dispose df certain Foldings I am ]
interested in, but which are not' worth j
much now. That might bring in an i
income that would make yoii at least,
comfortable for life. T am all in after'
this blow and feel that I have made
a complete failrure of life and that I
' should" «%>p where I am.’
“But Mrs, Schwab is made of dif¬
ferent stuff. She thought a moment
and then replied, “When I married
you Charlie we paid sixteen dollars
a month for our rooms. I believe I
was happier in those little rooms than
I have ever been since. We will close
up here, give up everything to pay
your debts and I will go out and try
to get those rooms back. Then you
must go to work. You could never be
happy If idle and I have sufficient
faith in you to believe you will soon
be on your feet again.”
I “In the meantime Mr. Carnegie
learned of my troubles and sent for
me. When I left him I was in a
position to start oift afresh and in
three years I was worth more money
than I ever dreamed it possible for
me to make. In fact it was this
added, start he gave me that enabled
me to clean up as I have done with
Bethlehem Steel and Bethlehem Ship
Building Corporations during the
war.”
Mr. Schwab, at that little session,
would not deny that he was worth
“considerably more than a hundred
million dollars.”
GAVE MILLIONS
i FOR TEACHERS
Carnegie Foundation! Chartered 1
to Enable Them to Get Insur¬
ance and Annuities.
James Bertram, secretary of The
Carnegie Corporation, an organization
; established in 1911 with a capital of
$225,000,000 to perpetuate all Of An-
! drew Carnegie’s educational benefac¬
tions, was deeply moved at the news
! of the death of the steel man. Mr.
I Bertram was born twelve miles from
the little Scotch town of Dunferm¬
line, the birthplace of Mr. Carnegie,
-'and had been his private secretary
I for many years prior to 1911, when
| he became connected with the Car-
! negie corporation.
“Mr. Carnegie was my best friend,
I he said. “For twenty years I was
intimately associated with him, and
his kindness was up-failing. I saw him
for the last time a few months ago,
and, in spite of his age, I . had no
idea the end was so near.”
Shortly before Mr. Carnegie’s death
a recapitulation was prepared and
published of the work of the Carnegie
i Foundation for the Advancement of
Teaching, his first and one of his
largest benefactions.. The foundation
was created in 1905 primarily for the
payment of pensions to teachers and
professors in the schools and private
universities of the United States,
Canada and Newfoundland and in the
thirteen years ending November, 1918,
had paid 798 allowances and pensions
amounting to a total of $6,260,500.
The teachers’ foundation was en-
! ciowed with $10,000,000 at its creation
and an additional $5,000,000 was given
: by Mr. Carnegie in 1908 to enlarge
its scope so as to include state' uni-
i versities. In ■ 1913 the founder made
another gift of $1,250,000 for the spe¬
cific purpose of endowing a division
of educational - inquiry for research
into methods of teaching and the
study of educational problems.
The heads of the principal umver-
I sities in the country served on the
original hoard of trustees, including
1 President Wilson, then head of Prince¬
ton. The first idea of the founder,
the free gift of pensions to teachers,
was considerably modified in time and
finally abandoned As unwise. In its
place the Teachers’ Insurance and
A nnuity Association of America .was
chartered under the laws of New
York. Through this teachers are en¬
abled to obtain insurance policies and
annuity contracts by the payment
of small monthly sums. The carry¬
ing out of this plan is expected to
i absorb the income of the foundation
for the next fifty years.
Prominent Men Pay
Tributes to Carnegie
! Many of the prominent men of this
! city paid high tribute to Mr. Carnegie
j on hearing of his death. Some of the
expressions follow:
George W. Perkins, chairman of the ,
finance committee of the Carnegie
Foundation: “I am deeply grieved to
I hear of Mr. Carnegie’s death. He was
j a very great American, belonging to
I that class which after the civil wart
; was quick to appreciate that we had
1 a united country and a great oppor¬
tunity. He grasped the new machin-
1 ery which inventors placed in our
i hands at that time, and with them
] threw all his great mental energy into
i developing our country. When his ac-
i tive business career closed, with the
■ same energy he gave a large percent--
: age of his wealth to movements that
ho believed would help the people.
I One of the last talks I had with him
i was about profit, sharing. He was
most enthusiastic in his commenda-
! tion of the Steel Corporation’s profit-
sharing plans, and expressed the be-
] lief that the principle of profit shar-
: ing was destined to be a great factor
j in solving the;] existing problems be-
! "tween capital- and labor.”
Thomas W. Lament, of J. P. Mor¬
gan & Co.: “Mr. Carnegie had
j extraordiriay qualities, which made
: him a notable figure on both sides
| of the Atlantic. He'first achieved a
I great success in industry, a sue-'
cess which he shared liberally with
voted his fortune 'and his energy to :
the causes of education and peace.
His libraries spread over the Eng¬
lish-speaking ' world; His founda¬
tion for the advancemen of ^teach¬
ing, his aid to the cattses of peace
and Pan-A mericansm were wise
•rifts of enduring Value aiid service,”
James B. Clews of Henry Clews
& Co., bankers: ‘‘His death removes
one of the greatest characters the
world has ever known. In these
days of labor unrest his career' of¬
fers a fitting example of what can
be „ accomplished by one commenc¬
ing' in the lowest station of life and
inaking the most: of his opportun¬
ities. The name of Andrew Carne¬
gie will last, not, only as- the fore¬
most iron merchant, but for his
great-, works of philanthropy. Mr.
Carnegie not only was a great mon¬
ey maker, but he was also a great
spender, in the right direction.”
WORLD’S LOSS GREAT,
IS SCHWAB’S COMMENT
ON DEATH OF CARNEGIE
‘‘The world has lost, a great man
and a great benefactor to human¬
ity,” was the comment of Charles
M. Schwab, chairman of the Beth¬
lehem Steel. Corporation, when in¬
formed to-day at his country home
at Loretta, Pa., of the death of Mr.
Carnegie.
“It would be difficult for me to
find words to express my love and
admiration for Mr. Carnegie, my
friend, my partner, and associate
for forty years,” said Mr. Schwab.
“lie was the greatest man I ever
knew and he had a heart so filled
with tender sentiment, especially
with reference to his associates, as
to make him beloved, as well as
admired, by all those . who came
into business or social contact with
him. '
“Mr. Carnegie possessed the fac¬
ulty of inspiring others to unusual
efforts... in a greater measure than
any man I ever knew and he al¬
ways won by expressions of appre¬
ciation rather than by criticism.
“The world has lost a great man
and a great benefactor to human¬
ity and I have lost a friend great- !
er than whom no man ever had.”
I J ,
Andrew Carnegie’s.' first glimpse of j
. Paradise was once described by-^him-
; self. When his parents emigrated to
Pittsburgh from Dunfermline, Scot¬
land, in 1848, he obtained a job aS
bobbin boy in a cotton factory at a
wage of twenty cents a day. Eater
he wag promoted to the engine room
wherfe he fired the boilers and then, j
for he had shown a knowledge; of j
arithemetic and wrote .a good hand, ;
he was moved up to the office. It
I was then that he saw Paradise;
‘‘If you want : an idea of heaven |
. upon earth,” he wrote, “imagine what !
it was. to be taken from a dark cel- |
lar, where I fired the boiler from j
morning till night, and dropped; into j
,tlie office, where light shone from all
sides, and ' around me books, papers, ;
and pencils irf profusion, and oh! the i
tick of those mysterious brass instru- |
ments on the desk annihilating space j
and standing with throbbing spirits j
ready to .convey the intelligence to
the world. This was my first glimpse j
of Paradise,”
First Investment.
Carnegie’s first investment was
made at sixteen. From office work he j
became a messenger boy, then a tele¬
grapher and, at sixteen, was working ,
1 for the Pennsylvania Railroad, A.
chance to invest $5Q0 was thrown his j
way and, aided by his widowed j
mother and two brothers, he seized
. it. This is bis account:
“One day Mr. Scott (the superin- !
tendent of his division), who was the j
kindest of men and had taken a great I
' fancy to me, asked‘if I had or could j
find five hundred^, dollars to invest,
• • . I answered promptly:—
“ ‘Yes, sir, I think I can.’
“ ‘Very 'well,’ he said, -get it. A
man has just died who owns ten
shares in the - Adams Express Com-
pany, which I want, you to buy. It!
will cost you sixty dollars per ’
: snare. . . . j
“The matter was laid before the !
:. council of three that night, and the j
oracle spoke. ‘Must be done, Mort- j
j jjftg y p ur house .... I wil l t ake the I
steamer in the morning for Ohio and
see uncle, and ask him to arrange it.
I am sure he can.’ Of course her visit
was successful^-where did she ever
fail ?
“The money was procured; paid i
over; ten shares of Adams Express j
Company stock was mine, but no one
knew our little home had been
mortgaged ‘to g-ive our boy a start.’ j
“Adams Express then paid monthly ;
dividends of one per cent, and the
first check arrived. ... , :!
“The next day being Sunday, we j
boys—myself and my ever-eonstant |
companions—took our usual Sunday
afternoon stroll in the country, and
sitting down in the woods I showed
them this cheek, saying, ‘Eureka!
We have found it.’
‘‘Here was. something- new to all of
us, for none of us had ever received'
anything but from toil. A return
from capital was something strange
and new.”
Introduces the Pullman,
It is little known, but true, that
Andrew Carnegie was responsible for
introducing the sleeping car, froth
which the Pullman developed, to the
world. It is' also little known, but
true, that from this venture sprang j
the Carnegie fortune.
As soon as Carnegie learned all
there was to know about train de¬
spatching, he began to improve on
existing methods. He became a picked,
man, arid Cdlonel Scott selected him
for secretary. Later, when Colonel
Scott became vice-president of the
Pennsylvania, he made Carnegie su¬
perintendent of the western division
—at a salary of $50 a month. ,
One day as the young superintend¬
ent was examining his line from a,
rear car, a tall, thin man stepped up
to him and introduced himself as T.
T Woodruff, an inventor. He car¬
ried a green baize bag and lifting
this up before Carnegie s eyes, he
started to draw out a queer sort of
car in miniature. This, he said, was
the model of his invention of a car to'
accommodate passengers at night \
“He had not spoken a minute,
wrote Carnegie later, ‘before, like a
flash; the whole range of the discovery
burst upon the. ‘Yes,’ I said, ‘that is
something which this continent mush
h£ “Upon my return I laid it before.Mr.
Scott, declaring that it was one of the
inventions of the age. He remarked:
‘You are enthusiastic, young man, but
vou may ask the inventor to come and
let me see it.’ I did so, and arrange¬
ments were made to build two trial
cars and run them on the Pennsylva¬
nia Railroad. I was offered an inter-
jest in the venture, which, of course, I
gladly accepted. ...
! “The notice' came that my share of
the first payment was $217.50—as far
beyond my means- as if it had been,
millions. I was earning $50 per month,
however, and had prospects, or at
least I always felt that I had. I de¬
cided to call oil the local banker and
boldly ask him to advance the sum
upon my interest-in the affair. He put
his hand on fhy shoulder and said:
‘Why, of course, Andie, you are all
right. Go ahead! Here is the,
money.’ . . . The cars paid the
subsequent payments from their earn¬
ings. I paid my first, note from my;
savings, so much per month, and tuns
did I get my foot upon, fortune’s lad¬
der. It is easy to cliriib after that.
And thus came sleeping cars into the
world.”
Wounded in Civil War.
To the present generation Abe civil
war may seem a long, long way off,
,v ut the span of Andrew Carnegie s
fe compassed it, and he played a
lan’s part in the war. His superior
nd friend, Colonel Scott, became ass¬
istant Secretary of war, and be put
outtg “Andy” in charge of' all mili¬
ary railroads and telegraph /lines,
'he young man’s expert knowledge,
ndomitable courage, and energy made
iim invaluable. . ,
He was said to have been tlie tnira
nan wounded on the Union side, being-
hot while trying to free the track
nto Washington front obstructing
vires. At Bull Run he was of great
But he overworked himself so dis¬
astrously that his health broke down,
•or a while his life seemed endan-
;ared, and he was forced to go abioad
:or the, winter.
As Bridge Builder.
Carnegie did not strike his true vo¬
cation until, when he was twenty-five,
his attention was drawn to the faulty
wooden r bridges' universally used at
the time. They could no longer
accommodate the, growing rail traffic.-
He decided the day of the wooden
, bridge was past; the iron structure
• must, supersede it.. He needed $1,250.
He went to a Pittsburgh banker.
“If you say so, it must be all right,”
said the banker.
Carnegie got the money. The Key¬
stone Bridge Works came into being.
And from that time on the name of
Andrew Carnegie was inseparably as¬
sociated with the development of iron
and steel.
“Is-ers” Only Counted.
The steel king had a profound ad¬
miration for the men who accomplish 1
things and used to illustrate his lik¬
ing by a- story of horse racing. An
old friend of his in Pittsburgh who !
kept fast trotters and held the rec-1
ord once was beaten in the brush '
by a young man. The old gentleman
disappeared for some time.
It seems he had gone to Kentucky j
to get a winner. One day he was be¬
ing shown over a stable, and already
had been taken past a long string
, of horses with their records inscribed
A on the stall and the by-gone victories
v they had won. Then he was taken
through a long line of young horses
with their pedigrees all set out. From
this the' dealer attempted to prove
what they were going to do when
they got on the track.
It was a hot day and the old gen¬
tleman grew impatient. Wiping his
. i forehead, he burst forth heatedly:
“Look here, stranger. You’ve shown
me has-beens. And you’ve let me see \
your going-to-bes. But what I want
is an is’er.”
Sixty Times Across Atlantic.
Besides his golf and fishing and his
well-known pastime of coaching, Mr.
Carnegie used to walk and drive a
great .deal when in New York or at
Skibo Castle jn his native town of;
Dunfermline, Scotland. And he,
‘ greatly enjoyed steam-yachting, call-;
ing a sea voyage his panacea for i
every ill. Sixty trips aerdss the;
ocean, a journey around the world, \
and expeditions to the North Cape,
China, Japan, and Mexico, formed J
part of his outdoor record.
In regard to his ocean trips, he used
to tell a story on himself. Leaving;
for Scotland later than usual one;
spring, lie met old Captain Jones, su-
. perintendent of one of his steel plants,' b
and began to express his Sympathy
that the latter would have to stay be¬
hind in the hot weather with his
many thousands of workmen.
“I’m very sorry you can’t all go
away, too,” he declared. “Captain,
you don’t know the complete relief
I get when outside of Sandy Hook I
begin to breast the salt breezes.”
“And, oh, Lord,” replied the peppery;
captain, “think of the relief we all
get!”
Musical, but Modest.
Music was one of the ironmaster’s
hobbies. And music, too, of the high¬
est classical order. His democratic,
tastes kept him from owning a box
in the “Golden Horseshoe” at the
Metropolitan, just as it kept him from
owning a private railroad car despite
his frequent travels. At the opera he
always sat in the body of the house.
In the Carnegie mansion, as in
others of great wealth, is a great pipe
organ. It is the largest that could be |
built in a private house. He also had '
a musical attachment which he him¬
self could manipulate, although ho
organist, to give the effect of a full
orchestra. This he played on fre- j
quently. It was built expressly for
him and cost $17,000.
A MODERN VULCAN.
Both as a maker and giver of money Andrew Car¬
negie was one of the most remarkable human phe¬
nomena that ever bestrode the American stage. His
romantic rise from penniless immigrant lad to so un¬
matched a multi-mi 11 ionairedom that kings cultivated
him and members of the old nobilities fawned upon
him is only half his story. Other men have so risen, in
democracies and out of them. Of that swift upward
flight of Carnegie’s no judicial account can .yet be given.
Was it Carnegie that lifted the steel industry out of
the rut? Or was it the steel industry, bursting with
the irresistible forces of growth, that glorified Carnegie?
Was he jpicked more or less by chance out of the motes
of men that were whirled and swayed in front of our
myriad pots of molten metal, or was he ordained by
brain and character to be the first dii’ector of all this
flaming progress? A quiet little man. A smiling little
; man. Was he the embodiment of the spirit of the age
' of steel? Not so much as the elder Morgan, certainly,
not so much as some of the “boys” he lifted from ob¬
scurity and now leaves in almost supreme control of
American iron and steel. He was a shrewd man more
f than a dominating, a persuader more than a compeller,
a Metternich rather than a Bismarck.
Carnegie deservedly owes his distinction as much to
what he did, or, rather, attempted to do after the prin¬
cipal labors of his life were over, as to what he did
before. He was almost the first of our new crop of
multi-millionaires to feel the pricks of social conscience.
“I had formed my career,” he said in his testimony
before the Stanley committee in 1912, “and laid down
the law to myself that I would not spend my old age
, in accumulating more dollars.” His active business life
ended when he sold out to the United States Steel Cor¬
poration in 1901. For eighteen years he devoted him¬
self to giving, ahd though he did not die poor in any
sense reeognizame by the common man he bereft him¬
self of more millions than any man had ever done be-
; fore him. It cannot be said that either of his great
benefactions were complete successes. His library gifts
were marred by conditions due to his own vanity, which
imposed upon many communities library buildings more
ornate architecturally and less well supplied with read¬
ing matter than might have been wished. His great
teachers’ foundation has failed to meet the extravagant
hopes once entertained of it, and seems likely to dwin¬
dle into an agency for insuring professors at cost—a
; useful institution but not one that will achieve the great
aim of exalting the profession of teaching.
But. Carnegie’s failures, like his successes, were in
| magnificent terms. He never dealt in small change. He
thought in industries and in hundreds of millions where
other men thought in factories and dollars. He helped
: make us a large-scale nation. It was his hand that
began the forging of that twenty billion dollar thunder¬
bolt which we hurled at Germany. In his line the little
j man with the white whiskers and shrewd, smiling eyes
! was one of the giants of mankind.
At this service the Rev. Benson N.
Wyman,' pastor of the Lenox Congre¬
gational Church, where Mr. and Mrs.
Carnegie had a pew, and the Rev. Dr.
William Pierson Merrill/pastor of the
! Brick Memorial Church, New York,
Will officiate. The body then will be
taken on a special train to Sleepy Hol-
; low, N. Y., where, without further
services, burial will be in a plot se¬
lected by Mr. Carnegie some years
ago. The funeral will be private.
Mrs. Carnegie was said to be pros¬
trated to-day as a result 9 f her be¬
reavement, and from the vigil she
maintained at the bedside Until her
husband expired. Only her daughter,
Mrs. Roswill Miller and the latter’s
husband have been admitted to her |
presence.
Hardly had the news of Mr. Car-
| negie’s death been flashed around the
'world than messages of condolence
j began to arrive. All of his surviving
business confreres wired their sorrow
and representatives and committees
he had benefited sent messages of re¬
gret In the afternoon all the rep-
i resentative cottagers at Lenox called
j a t Shadow Brook and left cards of
j condolence, , ..
Mr, Carnegie's death followed the
third attack of pneumonia with which
he had been afflicted in life. This de-
, veloped Sunday, although early Satur-
■ day night he had complained of dif-
! flcUlty in breathing. During the day
he had been about the grounds of
ihis great estate and while with Mrs.
! Carnegie and Mrs. Miller, the latter
I of whom had arrived Thursday from
1 a long motor tour, seemed in his usual
, KoirltS. He did not complain I of feel-
1 ing unwell Until after "the > departure
I of Mrs. Miller for her country place
at Mi-llbrook, N. Y. . - ■ ■ <
i Since his two former illnesses from
pneumonia, the second of which oc-
, curred two years ago, Mr, Carnegie,
formerly of rugged strength has-been
in a greatly weakened physical con-
i dition and has been Constantly at-
I tended by two nurses. One of these
'remained with him Saturday night.
! According to Dr. Paddock, Mr. . Car¬
negie was exceedingly feeble when.he
j arrived at his summer home in the
! spring. , . „
I “I kept ih constant touch with him,
said the physician,” and although he
i appeared cheerful at all times, he did
not gain in strength. His condition
was such that when he was stricken
! With bronchial pneumonia he (lid not
have the strength to resist,”
Wilson’s Condolences.
I WASHINGTON, Aug. 12.—President
Wilson, in a message of condolence
sent to-day to Mrs. Andrew Carnegie,
said the death of the philanthropist
constituted a serious loss to the Cogees
of humanity.
“May I not express my deep sym¬
pathy at the loss of your distinguished
husband?” the message said. “His
death constitutes a very serious loss
to the forces of humanity and en¬
lightened public service, and tak is out
of the world a force Which it Ch ild ill
afford to spare.”
’ " auciIhs - . ■%; ■
PLAN FUNERAL
OF CARNEGIE
Will Be Held With Simple Ser¬
vices at His Country Home,
Shadow Brook, Thursday.
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 12—The ar¬
rangements for the funeral of Andrew
Carnegie, as given out here to-day, do
not include a burial service in New
York. It has been decided that the ! /
funeral will take place at 11. o’clock I
Thursday morning at Shadow Brook, a
his summer estate here, where he died, jj
AUG 13 ’19
‘He Died Far Too Rich,’
Humble Opinion o f ‘Andy’
Fourteen Lowly Working Men Express Views on Plirce of
Mr. Carnegie in the World, but None Cared for
Libraries or “Book Learning.”
| Fourteen New York workingmen,
1 picked haphazard, were asked to-day
I what they thought of Andrew Car¬
negie. They included an iceman, an
ice wagon driver, an aged painter, an
j aged Negro ship’s cook, a deck hand,
a boat fireman, a blasksrhith, a young
porter, two young elevator men, a
middle-age^, elevator man, a cigar
"store clerk, an aged porter, and a
freight elevator man. Here are Some
of the replies:
“He was a good man.” >(
“Andy wets a moral man.
“Them fellers don’t
interest me
111 “All business men is crooked, you
. just employer,
life.”
“I believe he was
a book yet;; (referring
to the Carnegie libraries) + that y°?, ld
keep a man from starving to dea yV
A curious reaction to questions
about the libraries was that they were
f °“He e took h money .away from the poor
and gave it to the rich,’ said a young
porter, whose face was °f Jewish cast;
“No poor people can read (n the day
tU “But the' libraries are open at
night,” his questioner urged.
The young man was not convinced.
“They are only open from nine to
three.” he insisted.
A one-armed freight eievator man,
I who was found sitting on_
front of a Cortlandt street oft buM-
ing had the same idea about, the
^‘They are kept open at night, ’ he
W “Not 1 very late,” was the answer.
“By the time a working man could
% 2K£ JSK STS*— any.
’'••Why nof/'what made you think
’ r0 ‘‘The° 1 people^ > thalf*goe^^Uiere don't
b6 ,',Sft ‘snS O thfohildren o, poor
people go there.”
And then came the retort.
“I never seen a book yet that would
keep a man from starving to death.
The first man approached was a
young ice man. He stood on a Wash¬
ington street sidewalk, waiting for h s
wagon to be driven into place.
“Carnegie was a good man, 1 be¬
lieve,” he said, “but I don t know
much about him.”
“There’s a man ^hat will talk about
him,” he added, pointing to the driver
of another wagon.
This was. a sinewy American with
a cough. His flannel shirt collar flared
wide, showing a hairy chest. But the
unexpected, persistent cough was dis¬
concerting to an auditor.
“Them fellers don’t interest me
much—Carnegie, Morgan, Rockefel¬
ler.”
"Carnegie gave a lot of money
away,” was suggested.
“Yes, but I notice that when Rocke¬
feller gives anything away the price
of gasoline goes up.”
An old painter stepped from under
his ladder, which leaned against a
West street building, pumping his
capped head on a rung.
“Carnegie? he was a good man.
Some people say he was crooked in
his business, but all business men is
crooked, you know.”
“Steal to Get Rich.
Three men stood in a West street
doorway. They were an elderly j
Negro, who said he was a boat’s cook, ;
a thoughtful faced young deckhand, :
and an honest looking fireman, who j
said good-naturedly, when asked his
nationality that he was an “enemy,” ;
born in the Rhineland.
Said the Negro cook: '
“No honest man ever got rich in his |
life. You have to steal to get rich. ”
But the blkpk man knew that Car-;
negie had been a philanthropist, and !
addedi W
_ believe he gave a good deial to
help the colored people in the south.”
(This, though, in the list of the dead ,
steel man’s stupendous benefactions, •
there appears no statement of 'specific
gifts to that philanthropy.)
The thoughtful young deckhand had!
much to say about "rights.”
“Right! What is right?” he pon¬
dered. “It’s pretty hard to get at it.
Right is what is good for everybody.
I believe in God. You’ve got to find
out what’s right that way. Rich
people don’t , believe in rights—most
of them. Lots of people that make
money don’t feel happy, so they give
it away to make themselves happy.
I know when I was a kid if I stole
anything I didn’t feel 'happy—till I
gave away what I had stolen, or
broke it, or something. Then I felt j
all right again.”
“It’s all right to have millions if
you get it honestly. Most of them
millionaires got it wrong,” he added.
The broad-faced fireman hurst out
laughing.
“They get it, all right, but they get
it in the wrong way-r-just skin it off a
workingman’s bones.”
Just then a two-horse load of rotten
lemons passed along the street. The
men all looked at it and the fireman
broke out into still louder laughter.
“You see it right here,” he chuckled.
Instead of giving fruit to the poor,
the people let it rot and then throw
away.” ■ ’> j
A big, handsome boy in a trucking
stable tried to make his questioner |
believe he had never heard of Andrew
Carnegie. Two other men there were
too busy to be interested.
The next stop was in a sizzling ma¬
chine shop. Forges blazed, a trip
hamnier battered oblong chunks from
a great red-hot iron bar. Fire and
noise were everywhere except in a
distant corner, where a Polish fire¬
man watched his forge.
Only two men here had time to j
talk, and one of these, the fireman, j
could not—that is, could not talk j
English. Rut a fine-faced old black-.
smith,; who seCnied'to be the chief,;!
left his forge for a moment and came
j back to talk about his fellow-country-
man, - Carnegie, for there was a de¬
licious Scotch burr on his tongue as
he began to speak.
The blacksmith and his questioner
were thinking about the red flare and
intense beat of the shops where the
young Carnegie had begun his work.
A Just Employer.
"He was a just employer,” said the 1
Scotchman “fair to his men.”
He stood silent a whi e.
“But what I could never under¬
stand,” he ventured, “is why the price
of steel was not out.”
“It was cut,” was the rejoinder.
“Yes; but it could have been cut
more.”' .
The Scotch head was hard at work.
“Business ought-to be brought down
to a'reasonable profit,” said the black¬
smith. “I don’t know how to do it,
but it ought to be done. After a cer¬
tain point business becomes extortion.
If you go back to the highest author-
iiy, Jesus Christ, He said that extor¬
tioners are kept out of the kingdom of
heaven,” , „ .
‘Andy was a good, moral man, lie
added. “I don’t know whether he
was a follower of the Master or not-
Then the studious old (blacksmith
broke out into laughter as he went
back to his forge. .
“Maybe you’ve heard the saying,
he beamed, “that every honest man
has hair growing in the centre of his
h It^was cooler in the next place—the
warehouse, where the young porter uv
sisted that the Carnegie libraries were :
closed at night. . 1
Two ©levator men m a Broadway
office buillding, youngsters, made
identical answers, as though they had
rehearsed it, to a casual question
'about Carnegie and his fortune. Both
sidestepped the science and philosophy
of wealth as exemplified in the life
of the ironmaster, with the words,
“It’s hard to tell.”
, A young cigar clerk on the corner
| of Wall street, under Trinity s
shadow, commented upon, the dead
Vulcan. All this bouyant Individual
could think of was the inestimable
value of life as contrasted with
death. His face beamed unsympa¬
thetically as he said: ,
“Now we’ve got >t on him.”
Across the way, in the, business
I home of the United States Steel Com¬
pany, a surprise awaited. A working¬
man there answered in a flash:
'Ah! If he only knew as much
thirty years . ago as he knows now
the Homestead strike would never
have been pulled off.”
Then, like the Scotch blacksmith,
he lapsed into theology.
“We go out of' this world as wed
come into it.” The words sounded !
strange in the midst of the whirl of
'the', great business founded by the
man of whom the world was think¬
ing, as he continued meditatively:
“Dust to' dust, ashes to ashes.’’ j
And then he added:
“Ho tried to make restitution, but
that’s hard to do.”
Then came the old porter, complain¬
ing good naturedly that books were
more for the rich than the poor, and
that the words in the books were too.
“high toned” for a workingman to un¬
derstand, and finally the gruff, one
armed elevator man on Cortlandt
street who could get no further than:
“I never seen a book yet that would
keep a man from, starving to death.”
AUG 13’19
CARNEGIE LAST
RITES DELAYED
Doubt as to Ironmaster’s Re¬
ligious Belief Believed to Be
the Cause.
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 13.—Doubt as
to the religious belief of Andrew Car¬
negie is believed to be one of the
reasons for the delay In deciding defi¬
nitely upon the funeral services to
bo held at “Shadowbrook” to-morroW
morning.
Reports connecting Mr. Carnegie r
with this or that church have no |
foundation, so far as is,known here.:
While he contributed liberally to |
various denominations, he apparently
was not a member of any church so-1
ciety. It had been thought that
among his private writings there
would be found after, his death some,
expression regarding his funeral.
However, one of those who is to
have a very prominent part in the ser¬
vice to-morrow said to-day that he
did not know as yet just what consti¬
tuted Mr. Carnegie’s religious beliei.
It was thought likely that the service
would be an adaption of the Presby¬
terian and Congregational rituals.
With the coming of the Rev, Dr.
William Pierson Merrill, pastor of the
Brick Presbyterian Church ot*.^ew
York, due here to-day, it was expected
that the order of services would be
determined upon, after he had had a
personal interview with Mrs. Car¬
negie. She is said to be much im¬
proved after the slight collapse which
followed the death of her husband
on Monday.
The voluminous writings of Mi.
Carnegie have been closely examined
with a view to ascertaining his ideas
of the future life, and it was pointed
Out to-day that while there was no
definite expression of his attitude
toward organized religious work, it
was made plain that he believed im-
ADC 13..’19
THE MULTI-MILLIONAIRE PROBLEM.
Andrew Carnegie chose to give most of his money
away. He might just as legally have refused to give
any of it away. Provided he could have satisfied the
chancery courts of his sanity at the time his will was
drawn, he could have so arranged matters that not a
dollar of his fortune, except that taken in taxes, would
go to anybody who needed it. He had perhaps a half¬
billion of dollars when he retired. It would have,
reached a billion dollars by the day of his death had
he merely neglected to give any of it away. His giv¬
ing performed a social service, but there exists no so¬
cial agency by which he could have been coerced into
giving, unless public opinion can be considered such an
agency. In short, society and Andrew Carnegie were
legally and perhaps ethically quits when he had finished
his work and society had handed him over his wages.
Any other outcome was purely accidental and personal.
So Carnegie’s death, like that of one or two other
multi-millionaires, who, unlike him, gave, as little as
they could, will raise anew the question as to how much
a man is entitled to receive. The effective strength
of the United States in the late war may be roughly
measured at twenty billion dollars. It is easily pos¬
sible that one man might combine in one estate—-in¬
deed, Mr. Rockefeller is popularly believed, -probably
on the basis of some exaggeration, to have done so—-a
twentieth of this amount. The question of large for¬
tunes, therefore, falls into two divisions. First, can a
man actually earn five hundred million dollars? Let
jus say that he can if he cheapens by at least that much
jin his lifetime some essential product, as Mr. Rocke¬
feller did with oil, or if he renders available_a new
product which Is worth that much to the public. But
the second query is, Can Society afford to trust to the
discretion of individuals such tremendous control over
the resources and labor of the nation? Can we rely
upon air multi-millionaires to be so conscientious, so
fearful of dying rich, as Mr. Carnegie was ? Eventually
we cannot. At least when fortunes climb past the
billion point, as they will, some degree of regulation
will . become necessary.
AUG 13 ’19
Simple Ceremony Marks
Last Rites of Ironmaster
Funeral of Andrew Carnegie at Shadowbrook, His Summer
Home, Without Eulogy or Pallbearers—But 60
Persons, Relatives or Intimates, Attend.
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 14.~-The fun¬
eral of Andrew Carnegie was held at
Shadowbrook, his summer home in
the Berkshires to-day. > There was no
eulogy and there were no pall-bearers.
The service was as simple as were
the tastes and habits of the man in
life. Fully one-half of the sixty per¬
sons present were members of the
household. The others were inti¬
mates of the family.
The ritual of the Presbyterian
Church was used by the officiating
clergyman, Dr. William Pierson Mer¬
rill of the Brick Presbyterian Church,
Fifth avenue, New York, which the
l Carnegies attended and of which Mrs.
Carnegie and her daughter, Mrs. Ros¬
well Miller, were members.
A mixed quartet from this church
sang the three hymns which have been
the favorites of the philanthropist
and former ironmaster. Dr. Merrill
was assisted by the Rev. Benson N„
Wyman, pastor of the Lenox Congre¬
gational Church, where Mrs. Carnegie
frequently worshipped during the j
summer months.
At the conclusion of the service,
which occupied barely twenty min¬
utes, the body, accompanied by most
of the party, was removed in a motor
car to Hillsdale, N. Y., where a
funeral coach was in waiting. This
car was attached to the regular train
of the New York Central Railroad
leaving at 1.11 o’clock this afternoon
for Tarrytowri. Thence the body was
to be taken by automobile to Sleepy
Hollow for interment in a lot chosen
by Mr. Carnegie some years ago.
The Last Rites.
J The service at Shadowbrook was
! held in the great reception room on
i the first floor at the east end of the
j mansion overlooking Lake Mankee-
nac, one of the beauty spots of the
wonderful estate and where Mr. Car¬
negie had spent many happy hours
at his favorite pastime, angling.
- The body reposed in a severely plain
casket placed in the center of the
room and all but hidden in a wealth
of floral pieces. The mahogany of the
casket was covered with heavy black
broadcloth. A small name plate of
silver bore only the inscription
“Andrew Carnegie, born at Dun-
! fermline, Scotland, November 25, 1835.
Died Lenox, Mass., August 11, 1919."
Just before 10.30 o’clock this mom-
I ing, the hour set for the funeral, those
who were to hear the last rites en¬
tered the room and grouped them¬
selves about the casket. With Mrs. j
Carnegie and her daughter, Mrs. Ros-1
well Miller, who were m conventional
mourning, were the daughter’s hus¬
band, Ensign Miller; Mrs. Morris
Johnson, a niece of Mr. Carnegie; his
nephews, Andrew and Morris Car¬
negie; Mrs. Carnegie's private secre¬
tary, Archibald Barrow, and John
Poynton, who had long served the
master of the house in a similar ca¬
pacity.
Schwab Among Mourners.
j Next in the circle were notable rep¬
resentatives of those who had helped
the industrial giant to make his mil¬
lions and others who had helped the
philanthropist distribute the major
part of those millions for humanita¬
rian purposes. Among these were
Charles M. Schwab, once president of
the Carnegie Steel Company; Robert
A. Franks, business adviser of the
Ironmaster for many years, treasurer
j of the Carnegie Corporation and of the
Carnegie Foundation for the Advance¬
ment of Teaching; the Rev. Frederick
j H. Lynch, who represented the Car¬
negie Peace Foundation during the
If peace conference at Paris, and Oliver
Ricketson. Others intimately asso¬
ciated with the family were Mrs. j
I Henry Phipps, wife of Mr. Carnegie's
old partner in the steel business, and
: their son Howard; Dr. R. S. Wood-
i ward, president of the Carnegie Insti-
jtute at Washington; Elihu Root, Jr.,
represented his father in the matter
of the Carnegie endowment for inter-
I national peace, and James C. Green-
| way.
Members of Household Attend.
Seated near these were all those of
j the household who had ministered to
the home comforts of the master of
j the house. . Many of these had been
jlong in the employ of the family.
The clergymen, wearing gowns,
i stood at the head of the casket and
back of them were the members of
the quartet directed by Clarence!
Dickinson, organist of the Brick Pres¬
byterian Church. The singers were
Miss Rose Bryant, Miss Marie Stod-1
i dardt, Frank Croxton and Grant
Kimball.
j The service opened with the sing-
; ing of “O Love, That Will Not Let
•; Me Go.” Rev Mr. Wyman recited
the two prayers of the ritual and fol¬
lowed these with the Lord’s Prayer.
; The quartet then sang, "He Lead-
j eth Me.” Dr. Merrill read the pass- 1
ages appointed from the Psalms and
the service closed with the singing J
of “Crossing the Bar.” As the voices j
of the singers died away, the benedic-
tion' was pronounced by Dr. Merrill, j
Rain fell heavily throughout the I
morning, but shortly before the fune¬
ral hour the skies gave signs of |
j clearing.
A death mask of Mr, Carnegie was
said to have been taken last night
by Augustus Lukemah of New York,
but members of the household de-
; dined to give any information on the
; matter.
Say Carnegie Pared
Estate to $50,000,000
(Copyright by W. Bin-Sen Hoge.)
Mrs. Roswell P. Miller and Husband.
Will to Be Filed Soon—To Show Whether He Died
“Rich,” Which He Said Was to “Die Disgraced”—
Daughter’s Portiop May Be Modest.
The will Of Andrew Carnegie will
be filed for probate within a few
flays. While * Elihu Root, Jr., of
Root, Clark,- Buckner & Howland, at¬
torneys for the Carnegie estate, re¬
fuses to divulge the amount of the
fortune left by the man who once
said that '‘to die rich is to die dis¬
graced,” it is reported on pretty good
authority to be no less than $50,000,000.
Comment was made that this sum,
however, shows the effort on the part
Of the ironmaster to live up to his
utterance. The amount is only one-
tenth of what he is reputed to have
once possessed, and his known pub¬
lic. gifts of $350,000,000 were seven
times as much as his reported estate.
The Home Trust Company of Ho¬
boken, founded by Mr, Carnegie in:
1901 to handle his own affairs, is
named executor without bond.
Nothing has been made known of¬
ficially about the beneficiaries in the
will. However, Mrs. Rosweller Mil¬
ler, Mr. Carnegie’s daughter, it was
said, will receive less under the will
than she would receive had his pro¬
vision for her at her recent marriage
been smaller. . , •
Neither does the instrument include
bequests to many persons for whose
welfare Mr. Carnegie was known to
have had deep concern. Hundreds of
such were taken care of m bisi life¬
time by being placed m life positions
in institutions controlled by Mr. Car¬
negie or by being placed on his pri¬
vate pen son list. . ,
It was for just such philanthropies,
that Mr. Carnegie organized the Home
Trust Cohipany, The. trust company
accepted no deposits other. than his
own, and its existence was known to
but few. The arrangements made by
Mr. Carnegie for liquidation of the
claims of depositors of the defunct
Carnegie Trust Company, with which
Mr. Carnegie had no connection, but
whose obligations he assumed because
it bore his name, were consummated
in his Hoboken office.
Elihu Root, Jr., is understood to
have done the actual drafting of the
final will. -
The Home Trust Company is en¬
abled to act as executor of the Car¬
negie estate in New York because of
reciprocal legislation enacted in New
Jersey and this state. When the New ,
York legislature some years ago
amended the banking law to permit
trust companies to act as executors
without depositing 10 per cent, of their
capital with the state superintendent
of banking no one was found who.
could explain the reason for the
change. That it was done to permit
the Hoboken institution to act as ex¬
ecutor of the Carnegie estate now
| seems apparent.
full terms of the Carnegie w>
. "Mr, Carnegie’s gifts to charity duv-f
ing his lifetime,” said Mr. RooC
‘‘totalled somdwhat in excess of $350,-
000,000. The value of his estate is :
estimated at between $25,000,000 and
$30,000,000. He really did »divest him¬
self of his great fortune for the bene-' i
fit of mankind, as he long ago said 1
that, he would.
I “The will leaves the real estate and >
all the works of art and household
goods to Mrs. Carnegie. Financial
provision for Mrs. Carnegie and for
Mrs. Carnegie’s daughter, Mrs,'Miller, 1
was made during Mr.'Carnegie’s life¬
time rather than by the will. In the
j words o f irk e will itg cjff . Joy ing Y#J f a
Ago ifigde provision for my wife me-,
> ond her, desires and ample to enable |
her lo provide . for our beloved *
daughter, ' Margaret; and ‘ being; un- j
able to judge at present what provi¬
sion for our daughter will best pro¬
mote her happiness; I leave to her t
mother the duty of providing for her }
as her mother deems be.st. A |
mother’s love will be the best guide.’
‘‘The fourth article of the will con¬
tains a series of legacies, the most
substantial of which are to charitable :
institutions. The fifth article of the .
will contains a series of annuities to
relatives and friends. The Carnegie ,
Corporation of New York is the re- -
siduary legate jqid,. the- Home Trust [
Company of New Jersey is executor |
nad trustee, under the will.”
Numerous annuities to be,paid semi-
nnnually during the beneficiary’s life-.:
time were left by Mr. Carnegie and
included:
Premier Lloyd George of Great Brit¬
ain, $10,000.
Ex-President William Taft, $10,000.
:Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, $5,000.
Mrs. Grover Cleveland, $5,000.
Walter Damrosch, and after him his ,
wife, $5,000.
[ Family Bequests.
Each of his nephews and pieces, [•
married, $10,000.
Each nephew,- unmarried, $5,000. i
His sister-in-law, $10,000.
His brother-in-law, or his wife, Mrs. ,
Whitfield, succeeding him, $1Q,000.
His .cousins, Miss Maggie Lauder,
Miss Anna Lauder, and Mrs. George,
all of Dunfermline, each $5,000.
Alexander King, ; v or his wife, sue- }
ceedihg, $5,000.
Georg*'King, or his wife, succeed¬
ing, $5,000.
S. H. Church, Pittsburgh, wife sue- :
ceeding, $5,000.
W. J Holland, wife succeeding,
$5,000.
Mr. Hammerslaig, wife succeeding,
$5,000.
Miss West, in. Carnegie school, ;
$5,000.
Douglas Stewart, museum, wife suc¬
ceeding. $5,000.
Also $5,000 each: to Mr. Beatty, Wil¬
liam Freu, and Mr. Wilmot; of lrero
fund;,Mrs. D. A. Stewart, Pittsburgh;
Mr. Tuttle, secretary Oratorio. Society,
New York;, Dr. Joseph Garmany; Miss
Margaret B. Wilson~; George W. Cable;
Mr. Woodward, president Carnegie
Foundation; Henry S. Pritcft&’fc^ro---
fessors’. ..pension fund; Homer D.
Bates, ’Hew York City; Mrs: Jap^es
R. Wilson, Pittsburgh.
Al)e:.£8’l9
STEEL KING DIED POOR, 'N
WILL PROBATE DISCLOSES
To the best of his ability, Andrew Carnegie kept the
promise he made himself many years ago to die “poor.”
All that was left of his once great fortune, the seconds
largest individual accumulation of wealth in the world, at the
time of his death several weeks ago, was an estate of between
$25,000,000 and $30,000,000.
That was the official announcement made to-day by Elihu
Root, Jr., the late Steel King’s attorney, in making public the
AOG 30 '13
I / A MODERN ROBIN HOOD.
Carnegie has died not poor but only moderately
wealthy for these 'days, and his bequests instead of
distributing an immense fortune merely wind up the
business, which must be rather onerous as a life’s oc¬
cupation, of giving his money away. Now that he is
dead the net result of his financial activities seems to
be that the money values which he collected in one pile
from his countrymen have been put back into the hands
of his countrymen in the shape of public benefactions.
Carnegie played Robin Hood by taking our money away
from us and giving us back books, or brown brick
buildings to put books in. What he got out of it was
the name over the door and the same glow which must
have warmed the cockles of .the heart of Sherwood’s
outlaw when he took a gold purse from a fat alderman
to give to the proverbial poor widow. With the differ- i
ence that the steel magnate played highwayman and]
philanthropist to the same public. We are no poorer |
for having had him with us. But we are- different. We j
have read in his libraries and benefited by scientific ,
pay-working in institu¬
tions he supported. It was, in the last analysis, our;
money that built the libraries and made possible the
institutions, and that fact was understood by Carnegie !
better than by many multi-millionaires. He looked upon
himself as a trustees for the national, wealth in his pos-i
session, and used it as he thought would be good fori
us. We weren’t always pleased. And, bacause of his |
vanity, he often made his philanthropies hard to swah
low. But he did set up and attempt to follow a note¬
worthy ideal/ He wanted to die poor. He did not
anticipate leaving an immense estate for his heirs to
the third and fourth generation. He had common sense
enough to know that hereditary wealth, such as has
existed among the Astors and Vanderbilts and Roths¬
childs, is a corrupting influence, good neither for the
family which possesses it nor the state which supports
it. Great fortunes seem to be an essential to modern
trade; often, by some triumph of invention or organ-
ization> they seem fairly earned. But they gall and
fester and eat into the body politic if left by entailtoo^
long in incompetent and idle hands.
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 121-124 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
I
Ironmaster Was One of the World’s
Greatest Philanthropists—Health
Began to Fail Two Years 'Ago—
AmassedaFortuneof$500,000,000.
for
and
autumn months 1 on the estate ^here¬
after. Previously, the advent of war
having prevented him from visiting
this estate in Scotland", he had spent
his summers in Maine and in 1916
he lived for h while at Noroton. Conn.
He came to the Berkshires on the
advfce of his physicians, %ho pre¬
scribed a mountain climate.
Shadow Brook is half way up Bald
Head Mountain in' a retired. district.
Mr. Carnegie had been quite weak
all summer and Mrs.'Carnegie did no
entertaining. The retired iron mas¬
ter spent his days on the' wide piazzaJ
of his mansion, looking down on Bake
MfKskeenac. Prom the day he entered
Shadow Brook grounds date in May
-he did not venture outside the gates,
nor did he spend any time on the
Jake in an electric launch which
had been specially Ibualt and furnished'
__in her bereavement. Mi
Boynton said an announcement oj
funeral arrangements would te maw
after a consultation between Mia
Carnegie and her daughter and closj
-friends of the family.
Mr. Carnegie was in excelled
•health for a man of his years unti
the European war broke out in-Aug
1314. He • had been comparative!;
active in public life and the dire?
tiop of his Widespread pliilantferopi
enterprises, . The total of his ’bene
, factions is': estimated at. _?300,tf00l
As the grew oIdcr he became; mor
and more .interested in his pet pro]
ect to insure peace to the world m
bri@g about an end of warfare,
• The quick developments of e
Aug., 1914, which involved natjo
otter nation- in war stunned
'.Nevertheless, he kept- closely in tone
Avitih international developments anti
1917 when the declaration of war to
the United ■ states'. appeared to■ havf
al most. completely dis h eartened Mi
In that year he suffered an attacK o
grip and thereafter he lived P ractl ‘
cally in retirement.
(Special to The Evening World.)
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 11.—Andrew Carnegie died at 7.10 o’clock
Ms morning at his 'Summer home, Shadow Brook, two miles west of
Lenox!, of bronchial pneumonia, in his eighty-fourth year. The symp-i
; toms of the fatal illness developed early yesterday afternoon.' Physicians
were-summoned and remained in attendance to the end.
At Mr. Carnegie’s bedside were his wife and his- secretary, John J.
i Poynton. His daughter, Mrs., Roswell Miller, who -has made freejuent
j trips to Shadow Brook from her home at Millbrook, N. Y., during the:
I summer, was unable to reach here in time to see her. father alive.
for short cruises.
Mr. Carnegie complained, of a cold
last Friday and his nurses kept him
in his room. In his weakened con¬
dition the approach of pneumonia
s, was unsuspected until (full sym/p-
ELEGRA1W6 OF CONDOLENCE
DELUGE "FAMILY.
Wo hourg after the n?ws. of Mr.
Carnegie’s death was flashed) through¬
out the United States telegrams of
•condolence began to arrive at Shadow
Brook. Some of Mr. Carnegie’s “boys,”
as he called the business associates
hc< trained in the steel business, called
up Mrs. Carnegie and offered their
CARNEGIE BORROWED $50
TO START AND AMASSED
FORTUNE OF $500,000,000
His Benefactions Were V# in
Variety and Totaled About
$300,000,000.
Andrew Carnegie was ,ho rn
Novem¬
ber 25, 1835, at Dunfern^line, Sc° tIaI J
He had but little 'schooling eXce P
that which his mother could gP e
and his brother Wiliiaih in sUC ^ ll - e .
as could be sipared from her
hold cares. The father was a
worker and until machinery
r6 plac® (
AUGii’IU
Ironmaster Who Died Suddenly To-Day;
His Wife and Daughter » Heiress to Fortune
DIES AT LE
MILLER
1NEGIE)
f!
'--tty#*
' :^
(c) W- BORDEM stacks
pany. With Mr. Scott again he in¬
vested $200 to give a start to the
scheme of T. T. Woodruff for build-
in.gr sleeping' cars. He realized $10,000
•when the Pullman Company bought
out Woodruff’s rights.
Mr. Scott became Assistant Secre¬
tary of War in the Lincoln Cabinet
and Carnegie took post under him as
director of Government Railways and
Telegraphs. He was in charge in
person of communications on the 'bat¬
tlefield of Bull Run.
Soon after the war he borrowed
enough to invest $40,000 in a farm on
which it was believed oil could be
found. He collected more than $1,000,-
000 from that farm.
Long before the farm began to
justify Carnegie’s investment he de-‘
termined that an ability to turn out
iron bridge work for railroads was
as sure a way to wealth. as there
was in his reach. The railroads must
have substitutes for the wooden
bridges that were beginning to rot.
He’'formed the Keystone Bridge Com¬
pany and secured contracts by an¬
ticipating a demand of which the
railroad builders themselves were
hardly yet aware. Within three years
after the war the bridge business had
taught him that steel and- not iron
bridges were required. Studying steel,
Carnegie went to England and learned
of tbe Bessemer process. He quietly
hired enough experts from among the
workmen to start a Bessemer process
steel industry in the united States
before the British steel men knew
where their men had gone,
hand looms Andrew was a bobbin! KNEW HOW TO PICK MEN AS
and also an apprentice in an iron! MONEY-MAKING LIEUTENANTS.
j There was no holding down 1 His suc-
Tien he was eleven years old cess then. As canny in his judgment
family moved to the
a with the aid of $50 borrowed
United* pf men as he was in selecting a bust
ness which would multiply itself au-
an uncle, George Lauder. They
led in Allegheny City, across the
from Pittsburgh in 1848, and
‘ and son again set to work at
hand loom. Andrew’s salary was
week. His first advance was
motion to be assistant to the en-
who advised him bo read books
he library established for mill
_i ce rs toy a Colonel Anderson.
When I began getting ahead in
world,” Mr. Carnegie said in his
r years. “I was always able to
e back each advance to the read-
I did in. those thill days. That’s
y I have always wanted to make
fot young people to read good
•_ Douglas Reid, a Dunfermline
' took the Carnegie boy out of the
tomatically, he gathered around him
a wonderful family of associates, men
of the type of Schwab and Gary, to
the number of thirty or forty, all of
whom have since become known as
captains of industry. The Carnegie
mills spread about Pittsburgh for
miles. Seeking supply he went to the
iron deposits of Northern Michigan,,
into virgin fields, and obtained future
resources almost inexhaustible.
It was his boast that he reduced th'b
price of steel rails from $95 a ton to
$26 a ton. It was characteristic of
him that his peppery temper was
hardly ever so roused as when a dis¬
charged secretary commented on the
boast with proof that the Carnegie
mills could have made a fair profit
on rails selling at $12 a ton.
| Slight of stature, frankly vain-
at fourteen and made him a I glorious over his wonderful success,
egraph messenger. He surprised j he iftin had a sense of i mmor about
himself. No one could radiate good¬
will with a chuckle, and a boast more
quickly than Andrew Carnegie ad¬
dressing an audience.
""When a man’s men speak of him
ls ‘Andy,’” he told one audience,
‘there’s little danger of labor
troubles.”
He always insisted that the great
Homestead strike would never have
happened if he had not overlooked
the need of keeping in personal touch
with the workers so that they would
realize that a man like themselves
and not an impersonal machine was
at the head of the business.
In the general reorganization of big
businesses, twenty year’s ago, it be¬
came apparent to the reorganizers
invested'witr MrrScou' in "ten who made new industrial history or
ttf the Adams Express Com-, the Morgan yacht and in the Mongari!
5 office by reading a message by
r at a time when nearly all opera-.'
fs depended on the dots and dashes
rented in tape to decipher messages,
e was the third operator to achieve
is Proficiency and was at once pro¬
ved. When the Pennsylvania Rail-
>ad installed its first telegraph sig-
L i system he became a clerk in the
ice of Division Superintendent
^ 0mas A. Scott at a salary ^
month. 1
VHEN CARNEGIE MADE HIS
FIRST $10,000,
Carnegie became the head of the
a mily when he was sixteen years
ld - on the death of his father. Soon
hereafter he induced his mother to
mortgage their home or $500 which j
library and in a few “back offices”
in the Wall Street district, that the
vast possibilities of the steel industry
would never he realized for the
greatest good of the selected few un¬
til it was a one-man business no
longer. Whereupon Mr. Carnegie was
bought out. The organizers of United
States steel paid $420,000,000 in five
per cent; bonds for the Carnegie steel
holdings.
HOW HE TRIED TO MAKE GOOD
BOAST HE’D DIE POOR MAN. j
It was one of the boasts of An-'
drew Carnegie that he meant to diei
a poor man.
Although carefully bestowed and
carefully administered Mr. Carnegie’s!
benefactions were magnificent. Jn
the closing quarter of a century of
his- life he devoted, ti is * estimated,
$800,000,000 to philanthropic and char¬
itable ends.
His favorite philanthropic enter¬
prise was -the Carnegie /Foundation,
which is now a $125,000,000 corpora¬
tion, directed by men of Mr.: Cariie-
gie’s personal selection. Toward the
dose of the Nineteenth Century he
put nito effect a long cherished pro-,
ject of aiding public education by
presenting public library buildings to
municipalities.
To this purpose'he donated $6,000,-
000 which, paid for the erection of
3,000 municipal library buildings in
this country and Great Britain. Of
this sum $5,100,000 was devoted to
New York City. ;
The foundation of the Carnegie In¬
stitute in^ Flattsburg has cost Mr.
Carnegie’s' estate thus far $24,000,000
and it is. supposed this great insti¬
tution will , benefit from the will of
its, founder. , The Carnegie Institute
of Washington was established at
expense of $22,000,000.
Scotch universities benefitted to
the extent of $10,000-,000. The emi*
ployees relief fund of the Carnegie
Steel Coni pany was enriched to the
extent of $5,000,000, and the same
amount, in bonds, was devoted to the
establishment of the Carnegie Hero
Fund Commission.
SPENT VAST SUMS TO PROMOTE
WORLD PEACE.
In his passionate desire to promote
peace in the world and end all wars,
Mr. Carnegie established a world
-wide propaganda which he supported
by lavish donations from his bank
account. He had his agents every¬
where and Ms writings in support of
universal peace were translated into
all languages. The Peace. Temple at
the Hague cost him $1,500,000-
Intensely .interested in the welfare
of teachers and professors, Mr. Car¬
negie, worked for their erlief and
benefit in his. own way, ignoring pro¬
jects put forward by other million-
aires. The Carnegie Foundation for
the Advancement of Teaching in the
United 'States, Canada and New¬
foundland has ah endowment of $16,-
500,000 in bonds furnished by Mr.
Carnegie.
Before his health failed Mr. Car¬
negie was a diner out and after-din¬
ner'speaker, keenly interstd in cur-
rnt events and not afraid to express
his' opinions in .public. For many
years it was .his custom to. hold a
reception to newspaper reporters at,,
his home in New oYrk on his birth
day and discourse- at length oi
events of the year that had passed
and probabilities relating to the
years to come. These disquisitions
were marked by flashes of humor
and thrusts of perception which
were characteristics and aroused,
widespread attention.
It was his custom for many years
to assemble, once a year, his “boys'"
of the old days of the infancy of th
stefel Industry in Pittsburgh and treat
them to a groat banquet at his home.
In recent, years the “boys” have con¬
tinued the dinner, but Mr. Carnegie I
has been represented only by a writ- :
ten message, , generally delivered :
through his favorite “boy,” Charles *
M. Schwab.
WALL STREET SHOCKED
BY STEEL KING’S DEATH,
BUT STOCKS NOT AFFECTED
Charles L. Sabin Mourns Great
'Humanitarian and C. ■......... 10,000,000
Dunfermline Endowment .......... i.... 5,000,000
Steel Compan y employees. . .... 5,000,000
Polytechnic School, ,Pittsburgh .. 2,500,000
Allied Engineers’ Society ..... 1,500,090
Hero Fund (Dunfeimline) ................................... 1,250,000
Hero Fund (Germany) ...................................... 1,250,000
Hero Fund (France) ........ s ......................... 1,000,000
American Republics Building .... . 750,000
Galashiels Technical Schools ..........'. .. 500,000
Allegheny Carnegie Institute ... . . . 300,000
Braddock Institute .......................................... 300,000
Duquesne, ,Pa., Institute .. 300,000
DIED POOR, SAYS FOUNDATION SECRETARY.
BOSTON, Aug. 12.—-Dr. Charles F. Thwiug, Presiednt of West¬
ern Reserve University, Cleveland, and Secretary of the Carnegie Foun¬
dation for the Advancement of Teaching, who was here today, said:
'“Mr. Carnegie died poor, as it is said he wished to die, in the sense
that he had given away the larger part of his fortune. He said to mo
after he retired from business that he could have kept on and etiH
made money by the millions, but, he added, ‘Why not stop now?”'
L taxed by two former attacks of pneu- j
monia, one about two years ago bav- j
ing been a case of double pneumonia,
which only his great physical strength
; thwarted. This had left him greatly
) weakened. Since these illnesses two
; nurses had attended him constantly.
Dr. Paddock remained at Shadow
! Brook all night. Not until the begin¬
ning of the day was the end of Mi*.
Carnegie’s life seen to be approaching, j
He was conscious nearly to the mo¬
ment of his death and spoke often to
Mrs. Carnegie, who remained in the
sick room all night.. Mrs. Carnegie,
Dr. Paddock and a nurse were at the’
bedside when Mr. Carnegie passed
away. . '■ V
Mrs.,Miller was notified of the death
of her father Immediately. She and
her husband, a former ensign in the.
navy, to whom she was married last
winter in New York, -hurried, at once
1 to Shadow Brook.
“Mr. Carnegie was exceedingly fee- ^
bie when he arrived at his summer
home in the spring,” said Dr. Pad-
dock. “I kept in constant touch with
him and, 'although he appeared cheer¬
ful at all times, he did not gain in
strength. His condition was such
that when he was stricken with bron¬
chial pneumonia 1 iq. did not have the
strength to resist. ’ ~ .
“The illness developed m such a
way that there was no opportunity
for Mr. Carnegie to have any fare¬
well words with members of the
household.”
Caraecie, Near End, Happy Over
League of Nations.
One of the last letters written 'by-
Andrew Carnegie was addressed on
Aug. 9 to Charles C. James, a New,
York broker, who made it public yes¬
terday. Referring to the League of’
Nations, Mr. Carnegie wrote:
"I rejoice in having lived to see the
day when, as Burns puts it, ‘Man to
man the world o’er shall be brothers
and a’ that.’ ...
“I believe this happy condition is
assured by the League of Nations and
that civilization will now march stead¬
ily forward, with no more great wars
I to max its progress.”
AUG 13'19
CARNEGIE’S CHURCH
CONSEID i
I FUNERAL PUNS
1 Writings' Searched for Expres-
; sions and .Composite Service
To-Morrow Is Probable.
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 13.—Doubt as ■
to the religious [belief of Andrew Car- ■
rfogie. i s believed to be onp of the .
'reasons for the delay in deciding def- {
initely upon the funeral services to
ho held at Shadowbrook to-morrow !
morning.
Reports connecting Mr. Carnegie j
•With this or that church have no
foundation,, so far as is known here. ;
While ihe contributed lliberally to j
various denominations he apparently I
was not a member of any church.
It had been thought after his death :
’Monday that among his .-private writ¬
ings .'.there would' be found some ex,- ,
.pression regarding his funeral. How¬
ever, one of those who is to have a
•prominent paxt in the service to-mop-
’row said to-day that he did not know ,
:as yet just what constituted Mr."
. Carnegie’s religious belief.
It was thought likely that the ser- \
vice would be an adaption of the
Presbyterian and Congregational rit¬
uals. With the coming of the Rev.
: Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pastor
v of the Brick Presbyterian Church of :
New York, this afternoon, it wag ex- ,
’pected’ that the order of services '
would; be.determined upon after Dr.
Merrill had” had a personal interview
With Mrs. Carnegie. The latter is
said to be much improved after the
’slight collapse which followed the'
death of her husband on Monday.
! If tentative, plans are not changed
‘the organist and choir of. the Brick
’ Presbyterian Church will take part
Hn the service.
A TARRYTOWN, N. Y., Aug. 13,—
The body of Andrew Carnegie will be
conveyed to the. Sleepy Hollow Ceme¬
tery «toy''automobile hearse and not toy
train from Lenox, -abcordiug to word,
received to-day by the cemetery of- j
finals. The body is due/to arrive Fri- j
day morning.
AUG 13 ’19
CARNEGIE WILL EXPECTED
Ij. 10 BE FILED IN NEW YORK,
'jNbttt.lfl Hoboken Vault and Family
•' Council After Funeral To-Morrow
Will Decide on Probate.
X Jtedrcw Carnegie’s'", will is an the
ffhfpttl the Home Trust Co., Hoboken. !
family council will be held imme- T
diately after the funeral at Lenox-.
MJass'., ■ to-morrow, ’.at which 101 ihu Koo'..
,jr. ■ will be' present to receive iMshuc-j .
tions regarding the probate of f he wilt
'Decision will be made afthe conffere^cej;
as to whether the Home Trust Co. ,or
-Mr. Root,, whose • father'■ drew the*
will probate it. 11 is expected that - then
probate proceedings will be handled by
; Mr. Root, .and-that the testament will 1
be’filed here because Mr. Carnegie
this city his home and voted here. Mr.
Root will return Friday morning.
AUC1419 ' -
CARNEGIE FUNERAL j
SIMPLE CEREMONY;!
ONLY 60 PRESENT;
Men Who Helped Ironmaster'
Amass Fortune Attend—Body
Taken to Sleepy Hollow.
T/FW OX* Mass 1 ., Aug. 14.—The
funeral of Andrew Carnegie was
heM at Shadow Brook, big summer
home in the Berkshires, to-day.
There was no eulogy and.there were
- no pallbearers. The service was as
simple as were the tastes ar 1 habits j
! of the' man in lifer Fully one-half
| of the 60 persons present were mem-
i be,rs of the ; household. The others
.were intimates of the family/
The Ritual of the Presbyterian
Church was used by the officiating
clergyman, Dr. William Pierson Mer¬
rill of the Brick Presbyterian Church,
: .Fifth Avenue, ‘ N^w York, which the
j Carnegies attended and of which
j Mrs. Carnegie and her daughter, Mrs.
i Roswell Miller, are members. The
i day. upon which his daughter, Mar-
/ garet, united ' with this , church was
declared by.*Mr. Carnegie to be the;
“happiest day of his life.”
A mixed' quartet from . the church
sang “O Dove, That Will Not Bet
Me Go.” “He Beadeth Me” and
! “Crossing the Bar,” hymns which
|-were the favorites of the former iron¬
master.
Dr. Merrill was assisted by the Rev;
Benson N, Wyman, • pastor : of the;
I.enox Congregational Church, where*
■ Mrs. Carnegie frequently wox-shippec!
| during the summer- months.
At the. conclusion of the -service,
j which occupied barely twenty min-
j utes, the body, accompanied by most
' of the party, was removed in a motor
ear to Hillsdale, N. Y., where a;
j funeral coach was in waiting... This!
j car was attached to' the regular train
1 of the -New York Central Railroad
j for Tarry town. Thence the body was
j to be taken by automobile to Sleepy
I Hollow for' interment in a lot chosen
i by Mr. Carnegie some years ago.
( Mrs, Carnegie will not return to
Shadow Brook, it was said at the
i Carnegie residence, but will go to
! New York City.
j The service a,t Shadow BpObk was.
1 held in the great reception room on
. the first floor at the east end of the
j mansion pverloking Bake Mankeppac/
'j one of* the beauty spots of the won-
[ derful estate. The body reposed in a
i severely plain casket, which was ail
j but hidden in a wealth of flowers. A
|| small name plate ol; silver bore only
!' the inscription, “Andrew Carnegie;
j! born at Dunfermline, Scotland*, Nov.
i 25, 1836; died at Ben ox. Mass., Aug.
, 11, 1919,” .
; Ampng those who attended the ser-
' J vice were some of the' men who had
helped Mr. Carnegie tp make his mill-;
! ; ions and others who' had helped him
distribute the major part of those.'
i millions. They included Charles M.
Schwab, Robert A. Franks, business
. adviser of the ironmaster for many :
; years, treasurer of the Carnegie Cor- j
poration and of the Carnegie Foun'da- j
tion for the Advancement of Teach-
. ing, and the Rev. Frederick H. Bynch,
who represented the Carnegie Foun¬
dation during the Peace Conference
at Paris.
’ A death mask' of Mr. Carnegie was
said to have been taken last night
by Augustus Bukeman of New York,
but members of the household de¬
clined to give any information on the
matter.
A BB great captains of industry
and finance in gaining great
riches ...themselves make -.other
men rich, but with * the exception * of,
J. Pierpont Morgan sr., who delibcr-
■ateiy- picked*, out- young men and
guided them along the paths -leadingTo
wealth, Andrew Carnegie was the
only autocrat of industry and finance
who ever designedly made the fash¬
ioning of millionaires a by-product of
his ■ own wealth-accruing activities.
He was a pioneer in that line,, blazing
the way "when millionaires, were com¬
paratively' scarce in this country,, and
his byproducts/ in the ranks of whom
, are such men as Charles M. Schwab;
1 Henry C Fricl; and William rEACorey,
' to-day rank among the / wealthiest
men of the world. ,
In his early days Andrew Carnegie,
by virtue, of his Scbtch blood, was a be¬
liever in individual industry -and fru¬
gality. |n his memoirs 'h'e says lie ac¬
cumulated his first $1,000 by saying
the money a few dollars at a time, but
other passages indicate' that he had
winning' way- and was able tc procure
aid from banks .and capitalists' in lay¬
ing the foundation of his : fortune.* Be'
that as' it' may, he' was a. believer: i i
hard work and saving habits, but lie
was pot long in coming to the idea
that the short cut to wealth is through,
the efforts of others.
' His first - job entailing _responsibility
was assistant tg Thomas A. Scott, Su¬
perintendent of'the Pennsylvania RaP-i
j, roach Co}. Scott was a railroad man ofj
tlie old school, be believed in doing* alt
the important-work of his office" with
his own hands, and- h*e trained, young
I,Carnegie along those ,lines.
! ^But,” wrote. Mr. Carnegie, “a , few
| years-ago, after he had retired from
J business, “I think * Mr. Scott and I
s were -’ the mbst foolish men in the
world in that* respect.
.“It'-tpoK m,e some time to learn, but 1
i I did learn that -the supremely great
■ managers such as . you'; have, in these
( days.„never do any work, themselves
worth speaking about';, their point is
to .make others* Work%hile they think.
I applied this lesson in after life, -so
that busine^ with me has never been*
j a- care.” ;•-'*■
Col. Scott, by the way, was one of
Andrew . Carnegie's -first by-products’.'
Impressed- by Carnegie’s busmbss abil¬
ity, Col. licott gave 1 * the young* man
h is - first opportunity to make, money
outside his pay, byadvising him to’
buy $500 worth of Adams’ Express
Company shares and to invest $500 im
tlie Woodruff sleeping' car, Which
was the forerunner fl o£ thg' P ulUnan.
When Andrew Carnegie went* in tp.the
steel business he made Col, Scott one
- of his partners and one of the early
sceel millionaires. * ’ ; * ‘
k When he had 4 fo,resj.en that steam
j railways/.would *soon be compelled to
; replace/their wooden bridges by -steel
j : structures/ and had decided „.to make;
the steel -bridges Andrew Carnegie -
I cast about for likely-' young; men to j
aid,him in hi| q|ite|'prise. He found--
cd in. the- early seventies/ the Key*
stone Bridge Company.- His original
partners were William • P. Shinn,
David McCandless, Henry Phipps and
Thomas Carnegie. These partners'
conducted, the plan,t and Andrew
Carnegie raised the money andsold,
the goods'And attended to the adver¬
tising. *. He was the' first great indus'-
trial. press agent, and his methods
awed and disgusted the old timers in
the steel business, but he got the.
business and*: the mpngy. • Subsequent¬
ly, he took into the Keystone Bridge;
I: Company Thpmas N. Miller, William
Coleman, Andrew Kloman, J.' Edgar
Thompson, John Scott, David A. Stew-
| art- and John W. Vandervoort.
i . The -steel industry was flourishing
j in-Western Pennsylvania and, North-
j ern Ohio in a small wajr. The meth-
j ods of the old-timers 'were conserva¬
tive, Andrew Carnegie’s .'bridge, con -
corn grew' like a mushroom' and lie
began learning things about the steel
mah-ufacturlng,*-business every min¬
ute; /He found .that many labor sav-
I ipg .;and production, speeding devices
* Tutd been ignored by the steel mdJfers
; and that there were in the- trade many
jlpung, ambitious men-' who' were' not
' getting l £ chance. : He gathered up
j some of these young men and went
into the steel business. * j
Aided by a prohibitive tariff and the!
' tremendous railroad expansion in the I
- late seventies, the Carnegie enterprises j
would have grown to great propor- J
tions along pa-tura! business channels,
but be forced ' them. He began in- :
spiring his' superintendent and sub- !
superintendents ,by gifts of-stock in
; the concern* He'aaftdo them partPsis.
In 1889 Andrmy Carnegie had thirty- {
three of these partners, not one of j
wiiom had paid a pent for stock which ■
was parning from. 30 to 60 per cent,
I per annum. He drove these men as j
I Simon Degree drove/ Uncle Tom, but ■
he xvas a ''benevolent" Simon. Degree.'
| He rewarded ;toil munificently, and he
'weeded out the men who could not
stand the pace with scant ceremony
.or .consideration. Occasionally a val¬
ued partner would.break down. . He
would be promptly pigeonbold and a
»new.; eager!, striving, ruthle-ss . young! >
man would take his place. . , ylj
.The..army of clerks in the Carnegie
/enterprises were keyed up to the ut¬
most endeavor by . promises dangling
always before them of stocks bon uses,! J
and- promotions to salesmanships or
.superintendencies. In the mills, the
skilled .workers were, paid 'staggering 1 j
wages and .many- with'* ideas - were^ 1 !
.picked' {or promotion. Of the thirty-; ;
three partners of Andrew Carnegie In /
1889:,. only three 'had more than- an 1
elementary school- -education; The
others liad gone into the - mills 'as i,
boys and worked their way up.
; .Those were rough', ./strenuous days.,
Andrew Carnegie applied to the fullest
[ extent ol his remarkable powers of
I organization' his point “to make ,
others work awhile j .think,” Henry
C. Frick, -one of bis partners at that
j period, brought’ to the Carnegie inter- /
I est.s 'five-sixths', of * the. Henry' W.-, ,
fcjliver holdings/ in! tht Mesaba -ore j
1 range' without the actual expend ftui c [i
of a tent.' ’ Later, Frick-had a falling
out with .Carnegie which resulted in ■
j the reorganization of the Carhagie |
interests. For, his services .in bringing
about this reorganisation,. James B. :
Dill; - the : corporation attorney, was
paid a fee ol $1,000,000, ,
When-J. P, Morgan and the allied
j Wall Street./interests- saw that the i
infio-mj/taEile Carnegie,', who thought
I all the time und' drove others to woyk
, for him all the time, was in a fair h
: way to .carry out his threat that he I
. would' .grab ppatrai o{ the aieel 1
ore business of the continent they
i bought him Mt. He' had forty-
! four partners, none of whom had ..paid .
| a dollar, for his stock, and. all were -in
j the millionaire'class, or .approaching, ■
! it. YMjany "others '/had dfdpped out of
the"organization either to. retire from
/business or to go into some branch
•of the'-steel,-slSndustry on thdir own. J
!;account . "• < - :
" r Air^png those millionaires' who were';. |
j' the- by-products.-of- Mr, Carnegie’k- |
| Closing., years in business were Wit-
f Ml PPS
f/j-GAA
A-C-
CHMKtV
.held for them 'was
Andrew Carnegie , Maker of Millionaires
Deceased Ironmaster, While Rolling Up His Billion, Made Millionaires of More Than
Twoscore Partners, Men Picked Prom the Throng Because of Their Potential Ability—
Many of These Men, Such as Schwab, Frick and Corey, To-Day Rank Among the
Wealthiest Men of the World. & •
m E. Cofey," Charles , M.'.Schwab,,
•or^e, Lauder, James Gayiet, A. T.
inkey; F. T.F. Love joy, John G. A.
iishraan, P. T. Berg,-. Henry Boenth-
rer, Thomas Lynch, W. W. Black¬
en and H. P. Bope. AH of the
-rtners, who were active to the Clo^e
Mr. Carnegie’s control, profited *hy
of- the Carnegie steel dn-
■nsts to the United States Steel
nporation and named'’ the President
the United States Steel- Corpora--
°n for five years' after he ’ retired
ora. active business/ ' j
The formation,of the United States
-eel Corporation’ was the means, -of ;j
ak rag millionaires of' hundreds ofi rnore than Carne^e’s-'fortune at thekfidow'depositors and'the'amount he
en who had not been with the; Car-
igio organization, and these are in-!
octly responsible to Caikegie foi
llr health, for he made - possible
/United States. Steel Corporation,
6 aggregate wealth of "the million-
es Andrew Carnegie made directly
peak of his ^prosperity;
After he A-Aired from business he
looked after the widows of many of.
the men he, had raised to wealth, pay¬
ing them 6‘per cent, on their money
and protecting'them in their holdings
by bond. At one time he had oh Iiis
indirectly amounts to many time-books .the ; names of 14,8 of -these
Writings Searched for Expres¬
sions and Composite Service
To-Morrow Is Probable.
LENOX* Mass., Aug-. 18.—Doubt as
; to the religious (belief of Andrew Gar-
• negie is -believed to be one of the,
! reasons for the delay in deciding def-
| initely upon the funeral services to
be held at Shadowbrook to-morrow
morning.
Reports connecting Mr. Carnegie
with thi3 or that church have no
foundation, so far as is known here.
While ihe contributed (liberally to
various denominations he apparently
was not a member of any church.
It 'had been thought after his death
Monday that among his private writ¬
ings there would (be* found some ex¬
pression regarding his funeral. How¬
ever, one of those who is to have a
prominent part in the service to-mor¬
row said to-day that be did not know
as yet just what constituted Mr.
Carnegie’s religious belief.
It was thought likely that the ser¬
vice would be an adaption of the
i Presbyterian and Congregational rit¬
uals. With the coming of the Rev.
Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pastor
of the Brick Presbyterian Church of
New York, this afternoon, it was ex¬
pected that the order of services
would be determined upon after Dr.
Merrill had had a personal interview
with Mrs. Carnegie. The latter is
said to be much improved after the
slight collapse which followed the
death of her husband on Monday.
jf tentative plans are not changed
the organist and choir of the Brick
Presbyterian Church will take part
in the service.'
TARRYTGWN, N. Y., Aug. 13.—
; The body of Andrew Carnegie will be
1 conveyed to the Sleepy Hollow Ceme¬
tery by automobile hearse and not by
train from Lenox, according to word
received to-day by the cemetery of¬
ficials. The body is due to ax-rive Ff in
i day morning.,/
AUG 13 '19
! CARNEGIE WIlTeXPECTEB 1
TO BE FILED IN NEW YORK
f ■... ____ v
Now in Hoboken Vault and Family
Council After Funeral To-Morrow
Will Decide on Probate.
i Andrew 'Carnegie’s ;wiH is in the
vault of the Home Trust Co.. Hoboken.
(a family council will be held imme¬
diately .after the funeral at Lenox,
Mass., to-morrow, at which. Elihu Root
|f. will be present to receive instruc¬
tions regarding the probate of the will.
Decision will be made at the conference
as to whether the Home Trust Co. or J
Mr. Root, whose father drew the will, 1
Will probate it. It is expected that the j
probate proceedings will be handled by
• kr s Root and that the testament will
;>e filed here because Mr. Carnegie made
his city his home and voted here. Mr.
ftoot will return Friday morning.
AUC 13 ’IS
TO-MORROW TO BE
LARGELY ATTENDED
So Many Friends Wish to Go
That Plans for Small Ser-.
vice Are Changed.
LENOX; Aug. 13 .—The number of
those who will attend the funeral of
Andrew Carnegie at 10.30 o’clock
to-morrow morning Will be greater
than was expected. It was originally
planned to have it limited to com¬
paratively few, but so many close as¬
sociates of the great ironmaster have
expressed their intention of being
present this has been found impos¬
sible.
While details of the services have
not been completed, it is announced
that the Rev. Dr. William Pierson
Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presby¬
terian Church of New York, of which
Mrs. Carnegie is a member, will offi¬
ciate.
The plans for the removal of the
body to Tarrytown, N. Y., have been
withheld, as it is the wish of the
family that the transfer be made with
as little publicity as possible. There
were few callers to-day at Shadow
Brook.
MIG 14’19
AiEfilE FUNERAL
NLY 60 PRESENT
Men Who Helped .Ironmaster
Amass Fortune Attend—Body
Taken to Sleepy Hollow.
■ :;; y ' A'../.';-" ' V \ ' j
. .LENOX,, Mass.., Aug. . ■ 14. : —The:
funerap of Andrew Carnegie was;
held at Shadow Brook, his summer !
home in' the Berkshires, to-day. j
T’4ere was no eulogy and there were
no pallbearers. The service was as j
"
simple as were the tastes ar-I habits
of the man in life. Fully one-half
of,the GO persons present were mem¬
bers of the household. The others
were intimates of the family.
The ritual of the Presbyterian
'Church' was used by the officiating
i clergyman, Dr. William Pierson Mer¬
rill of the Brick Presbyterian Church,
j Fifth Avenue,' New York, which the
! Carnegies attended and of which
: Mrs. Carnegie and her daughter, Mrs.
Roswell Miller, are members. The
1 day upon which his daughter, Mar¬
garet, united with this church was
; declared by Mr. Carnegie to be the
' “happiest day of his life.”
A mixed quartet from the church
sang “O Love, That. Will Not Let
Me GO.” “lie Leadeth Me” and;
“Crossing the Bar,” hymns which j
were the favorites of the former iron¬
master.
Dr. Merrill was assisted by the Rev. J
Benson N. Wyman, pastor of the
Lenox Congregational Church, where
Mrs. Carnegie frequently,, worshipped
during the summer months.-
At the conclusion of "the sendee,
which occupied *barely twenty min¬
utes, the body, accompanied by most
of the party, was- removed in a motor
car to Hillsdale,^ N. Y., where a
funeral Coach was- in waiting. This
car was attached tP the.regular tram
•ofc the New, York Central Railroadj
for Tarrytown. Thence the body was.;
to bo taken by automobile to Sleepy :
Hollow for interment in a lot chosen
toy Mr. Carnegie‘ some years ago. |
Mrs. Carnegie will not return to
Shadow Brook, it was said at the
i Carnegie residence, but Will go to
NCw York City.
j The service at Shadow Brdok was
J held in the great inception room on
j the first floor at the east end of the
! mansion overloking Lake Mankeenac,
j one of the beauty spots of the won-
| derful estate. The body reposed in a
!| severely plain, casket, .which was all
I but hidden in a wealth of flowers. A
j small name plate of silver bore only
\ the inscription, “Andrew Carnegie,
born at Dunfermline, Scotland, Nov.
25, 1835;. died at %enox, Mass., Aug.
11, 1919.” .
Among those who attended the ser¬
vice were some of the men who had
helped Mr. Carnegie to make his mill- |
i ipns and--others who had helped him .
I distribute the major, part of those j
1 millions. They included Charles M. J
j Schwab,-Robert, A. Franks, business
| adviser of the ironmaster for many
i years, treasurer of the Carnegie Cor-.]
poration and of the Carnegie Founda- ]
, tion for .the. Advancement of Teach- I
ing, and the Rev. Frederick ,H. Lynch,
; who represented the Carnegie Fbun- |
I dation during ;the Peace Conference |
at Paris. '
i a death mask of Mr. Carnegie was
i said to have been ' taken last night
| bv Augustus Lukeman of New York,
but members of the household de-
dined to give Any ..information on the
matter.
M14 T9
Ten Lessons of Success 1
In Carnegie’s Career
f— 1 ■ . " '*• .. ’>
1— youthful industry.
2— EDUCATION BY READING.
3— PREPARATION FOR PROMOTION.
4— REACHING FOR RESPONSIBILITY.
5— PERSONAL FRUGALITY.
6— GRASP OF OPPORTUNITY.
7— WISE INVESTMENTS.
8— SERVICE TO COUNTRY.
9— TALENT FOR ORGANIZATION.
10—RETURN OF WEALTH TO COMMUNITY.
s_-----'
By Marguerite Mooers Marsihall
I N the career of Andrew Carnegie, the little Scotch bobbin boy who has
just died, our most humanly picturesque multi-millionaire, there are
many lessons in success for the ambitious Americans youngster with his
eyes on the throne and sceptre of the American indus¬
trial overlord.
There could be no humbler beginning than that of
“Andy” Carnegie. I think the first lesson his story
teaches to the boy of to-day is the value of youthful
industry, not only as a foundation of material success
but as a stiffener of the spine and a developer of char¬
acter. At eleven Carnegie went into a cotton factory
as bobbin boy to help out the family income with his
tiny wage of $1.20 a week, trudging tfo work before it.
was light in the morning and toiling till after dark at |
night. Not that I would subject the modern child to such: a regime, but a
little of this industrious spirit might very well be grafted! on his constitu¬
tional indolence.
What about “Andy” Carnegie’s]
schooling? He schooled himself—and
that Ss Lesson No. ,2 for the boy who
wants to get ahead. While in the fac¬
tory young Carnegie spent all his
spare time nights and Sundays brows¬
ing in a library opened to the fac¬
tory boys in Allegheny City, Pa., by
a benevolent private citizen. All his
life Mr. Carnegie read omnivorously.
And though a-college education is an
admirable thing, the man with a
mere A. B. will lag behind the man
whc adds to it—or even substitutes
for it—much and wide reading.
That the way to climb the ladder
of success is to .prepare yourself for
the next step ahead, instead of wait¬
ing till you are kicked up, is another
suggestion offered by the Carnegie
career. When at fourteen the future
capitalist became a telegraph ’ mes¬
senger boy in Pittsburgh, he set out.
to become a telegrapher, practising
mornings before the other employees
came to work. One morning an im¬
portant death message came in; he
took it and delivered it before the
regular force was on duty. He
promptly was promoted to the cov¬
eted job of operator.
A willingness to assume responsi¬
bility was another Carnegie charac- j
teristic which the ambitious young 1
employee would do well to copy.
While our herd was a $ 35 -a-month
clerk and telegrapher in the office of
the Pennsylvania Railroad there was
a bad traffic tangle on a day when
the superintendent was late. Al¬
though the latter alone was sup¬
posed to settle such mix-ups, young
“Andy” stepped into the breach and
wired all the proper . orders before
his superior appeared. He promptly
made Carnegie a division superin¬
tendent and remarked that he “had
a little Scotch devil in his office Who
would rpn the whole road if they’d
only give him a chance.”
At this time, and indeed during his
whole life, he practised the personal
frugality and simplicity which seem
to characterize most men who get
ahead. He says in his memoirs that
he accumulated his first $1,000 by
saving the money a few dollars at
a time.
Yet his thrift always was tempered
with daring. His readiness to grasp
opportunity swiftly and surely—a trait
most valuable to the business man—
is illustrated -by his instant appre¬
ciation of the value of the sleeping
car. Its inventor, T. T.Woodruff, met
Carnegie on a train. “He had not
spoken to me a minute,” the Laird of
Skibo declared afterward, “before,
like a flash, the whole range of its
yalue burst upon me. ‘Yes,’ I said,
’that is something which this conti¬
nent must have.’ He took up the
matter with the superintendent of the!
Pennsylvania, borrowed $200 to pay
his first instalment of capital—he then
was earning $50 a month—and later
sold out his interest', in the Pullman,
Company for $10,000.
His money, as lie acquired it, was
always placed in wise investment,
and he has given many warnings
against stock speculation. lie be¬
lieved in making his 'dollars work;.for 1
him. •
He served his adopted country dur¬
ing the Civil War, being made super¬
intendent; of military railroads and
Government telegraph lines in the
East. He was on the field at Bull
Run, in charge of communications, re¬
paired the railroad between Annapolis
and Washington . after the Confed¬
erates had destroyed it, and made a
telegraph cipher code fdr the War
Department. He acquired a frank
horror of war as “a blot on civiliza¬
tion,” yet,' when President-Harrison
assured him that .his country de¬
manded he make armor for ships,:
Carnegie yielded as a matter of pa¬
triotic duty.
When he reached the throne as a
steel magnate-he set a lesson to busi¬
ness executives by practising the doc¬
trine of divided responsibility. “The
supremely great managers,” he has
epitomized, “never do any work them¬
selves worth speaking about; their
point is to make others work while
they think.” And he suggested for his ’
epitaph: “Here lies a man who knew
how to enlist in his service better men
than himself.”
Finally, he Showed almost as much
ability in returning to the community
more than $.350,000,000 as he had dis¬
played in making this sum. To be
sure, he kept for his wife and daughter
a tidy private fortune. But in liis
work for peace, his hero funds, his
pensions for underpaid professors and
former employees, his endowments of
technical schools—above all, in the
libraries, little lighthouses of culture,
he built all over America—he presents
an admirable example to many less
generous capitalists, and escapes the :
condemnation he himself wrote of “the I
man who dies leaving behind him mil¬
lions of available wealth which were
free for him to administer during life j
—the man who dies thus rich, dies dis-
jgraced.”
; 15 ’19
CARNEGIE CORPORATION WILL
DISBU RSE HIS MILLIONS
Will Handle Whole of Estate Except
Personal Funds of Widow
and Daughter.
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, widow of the
dead stoelmaster and financier, will not
be burdened with his charities. Sam¬
uel Harden Church, a trustee of Car¬
negie Institute and close associate of
Mr. Carnegie, recently announced that
the sole purpose of Mr. Carnegie in
forming the $12.5,000,000' Carnegie Cor¬
poration, with Offices at No. 576 Fifth
Avenue, was to relieve her of such bur¬
dens as fell upon Mrs. Russell Sage.
It is generally accepted that all Mr,
Carnegie’s estate, except the personal
funds for the use of his daughter and
widow, will revert to the Carnegie Cor-,
poration for disbursement. The orig¬
inal trustees of the corporation were
Elihu Root. Henry R. Pritchett, Will¬
iam N. Frew. Robert S. Woodward,
Charles L. Taylor, Robert A Franks
and James Bertram, with Mr. Carnegie,:
[ who was President.
AUC15 'IS
TWO MINUTES OF OPTIMISM
By Hetman j. Stic.h
Copyright, 1919 , by The Press Publishing Co. (The New York Evening World).
Carneg
YINSPIRATION - is a poor plat-
I form on which to stand and
expect much measure of
Jsuccess. It is PERSPIRATION
ithat drives businesses and men
to-the top.
Inspiration is shortlived, its
. " tire burns, bright but BRIEF;
its force is transient, uncertain,
r undependable. .It is the steady,
][' hourly, daily drip of PERSPIRA-
TION that dissolves' difficulties;
¥ wears away obstructions, makes
% disappointment an incident and
l- spur to fruitful effort.
| Inspiration is the occasional
'■thought. PERSPIRATION is the
7 CONSTANT THINKING, the
: structure evolved of' brain and
, brawn, the success that is built
i, of failure, for it jjs struggles with
. adversity that -transform ordi-
f nary men into successful men.
, Genius is but the capacity to
-'••oonfluer defeat.
| Inspiration is the easily, fre-
quently . smothered spark.
PERSPIRATION is the all-en-
; veloping, inextinguishable flame,
1 the sense and the security of
power, the impelling spirit that
you are as good as the best of
them, the conviction 'that life
stands eager and ready to give
you what you by honest efforts
strive for*
ie Knew .
Inspiration sometimes gives a
man a good idea. PERSPIRA¬
TION gives him as many as he
wants, makes them FACTS,
creates the atmosphere and the .
things that breed and bring suc¬
cess.
Dame Fortune withholds only j
what you yourself spurn. She is
too proud to tender her titbits
where they are unearned. Only
PERSPIRATION can earn them. j
Genius lias been justly ad-
judged 99 per, cent. PERSPIRA- j
TION, 1 per cent. OR LESS in- !
spiration. Genius is possessed i
by a negligible modicum of the
world's population. The 'great
majority of our successful people
owe their station to industrially
and industriously applied com-
monsense—plenty of PERSPIRA¬
TION,
The empty, scoreless career is
the aimless, careless career. In . I
these days j of countless oppor¬
tunities, only the mentally in¬
capacitated may be pardoned
failure. The man or woman of
average brains can chalk up suc¬
cess if , he or she will take the
trouble,
“It is intelligent OVERWORE
that does it„" said Andrew Car¬
negie. Carnegie knew.
| Miller and she does not share in the!
will' to the extent she would have
shared had her, marriage dot been
(less than it was.
Although nothing in the will indi-
i cates the extent of the estate. Mr. j
1 Carnegie’s last income tax returns,
; according to a member of the family,
■indicates tit is valued at about $150,-
j 000,000 or just a tenth of the $500,000,000
| he earned from his business ventures.
The will does not indicate Mr. Car¬
negie’s interest in the welfare of
those he thought a great deal of.
| Some were (provided for previous to
his death by life positions in his
various corporations.,
CARNEGIE PENSION SYSTEM
PAYS HUNDREDS BENEFITS.
Others were cared for under the
' Carnegie private pension system,
through Which between 450 and 500
persons receive monthly checks from
tbo Home Trust Company. Most
of those receiving these checks
are aged friends or former em¬
ployees of the steel master. They have
had a claim on ’him through their
work in his mills, because of this as¬
sociation with them or their ances- i
tors or through something of individ¬
ual merit that appealed to him.
He personally signed an authoriza¬
tion for each of the .pensioners. As ■
those on the list die the payments f
cease and the money will be available ‘
for other purposes.
AUG 20 ’19
CARNEGIE’S WILL DISPOSES
OF HIS LAST $50,000,000,
ALL LEFT OF HALF BILLION
4,500 Word Document to Be
Filed Next Week Includes
Score of Personal Bequests.
| MANY SHARED EARLIER.
1 Daughter’s Portion Reported
I Reduced by Provisions Made
at Time of Marriage.
Andrew Carnegie died. worth $50,-
| 000,000, according to one of his execu¬
tives. His will is to be offered for
Probate next week. Root, Clark, I
Buckner and Howland of No. 31
Nassau Street- are the attorneys rep-
resenting the estate. Mr. Carnegie i
stipulated that the Home Trust Com¬
pany, of Hoboken, N. J. should act
as executor Without bond.
The will, which disposes of the last
of the dead steel master’s fortune
is about 4,500 words long and in it
about a score of personal friends and
retainers of Mr. Carnegie ar© remem¬
bered with moderate legacies.
Before his death, relatives say, Mr.
Carnegie provided for his daughter,
Margaret, now the wife of Roswell
AUC 28 ’19
DREW CARNEGIE’S WILL
DISPOSES Of S3
' €
Annuities to Lloyd George, Taft,
^ Mrs. Roosevelt and Others—Wife
*■ and Daughter Provided For—
$350,000,000 Given During Life.
Ti^Lill of Andrew Carnegie, who died on Aug. 11 at his country
Jiome at Lenox, Mass., was filed for probate in the office of the Sur¬
rogate of New York County at noon to-day by Elihu Root jr., one of
the witnesses of the will. In a statement issued at the time of filing .the
will Mr, Root said thaLMr. Carnegie died worth between $25,000,000
and $30,000,000 and that his gifts to charity during his "lifetime totalled
In excess of $350,000,000.
In all its important features the will follows the forecast exclusively
published by The Evening World on Aug. ‘20. In. that article The
Evening World announced that the Home Trust Company of Hoboken
had been'selected by Mr. Carnegie as the executor and trustee of the
estate. The Home Trust Company Was organized by Mr. Carnegie for
the purpose of providing an executor and trustee.
Two of the articles the will-1 he [* provision fQr ^ Carnegie was made
fourth, and fifth—were written by Mr. j during Mr. Carnegie’s lifetime.
Carnegie in his own hand, and the 1 The will states that the widow is to
language follows his method of sim-1 provide such additional financial sup¬
plied spelling. These articles pro- \ *** ™ be required by Mrs. Bos-
. x ^ . well Miller, Mr. Carnegie’s daughter,
vide for legacies to institutorus and I . „ . , ,
for whom financial provision also was
anuities 'to relatives, servants and lmado durinff the lifetime of the
personal friends. legatee.
Amen.S th$se remembered as friends : | The residuary estate goes to the
are DavM Lloyd. Gebrge, Premier of '| Carneg ie Corporation of New York.
Great Britain; William Howard Taft,
Evening World'told m the article of
Aug. 20 in the office in the Hudson
ex-labor leader in the , Cq> , buildin& in Hoboken and
referred to as “President Taft;” John
Burns, the
British Parliament; Mrs. * /Grover !I 6iigne d. in New York, bears the date
Cleveland and Mrs. Theodore Boose- .• Fob. 13, 1912. A codicil not affecting
V6 jt. the main document was signed on
REALTY AND ART TREASURES
LEFT TO WIDOW.
All the real estate, works of art,
household furniture and other prop¬
erties on or in the house of Mr. Car¬
negie in this country and abroad are
bequeathed to the widow. Financial
AUC 29'19
1
BY
:t
Business Associates Say Iron
King: Achieved« Wish To
“Die Poor.”
Because the beneficiaries named in
the will of the late Andrew Carnegie
March 31, 1919.
Insofar as it deals with bequests
the will reads as fallows—and it is
a clique document because of the in¬
terpellations expressing the feelings
of Mr. Carnegie toward certain per¬
son and institutions:
have agreed to forego preliminary
proceedings in the settlement it is ex¬
pected that the will will be probated
as soon as tbe financial arrangements
can be perfected. The will was filed
for probate yesterday. It gives all of
Mr. Carnegie’s - real property to his
widow and explains that other pro¬
visions had been made for her in ad¬
vance.
The will shows that Mr. Carnegie's
public benefactions during his life¬
time aggregated 1350,000,000 and that
approximately $30,000,000 was be¬
queathed for public welfare.
James Bertram, secretary of the
Carnegie Corporation of New York
and Mr. Carnegie’s secretary for
many years, recalled/that Mr. Carne¬
gie wrote in 1898 not “a man who
dies rich dies disgraced,” hut "a man
who dies thus rich, dies disgraced,”
and said that in his interpretation
Mr. Carnegie did not die so dis¬
graced.”
The entire paragraph should elb
read to show Mr. Carnegie's view¬
point. It follows:
“The day is not far distant when
the man who dies leaving behind him
millions of available wealth, which
were free for him to administer dur¬
ing life, will pass away ‘unwept, un¬
honored and unsung no matter to
what use he leaves the dross which
he cannot take with him. Of such
as these the public verdict will be:
‘The man who dies thus rich dies dis¬
graced.”
Mr. Bertram said that neither he
nor other friends of Mr. Carnegie was
surprised -at the final evidence of loy¬
alty on the part of one who so many
regarded as a friend.
EUhti Boot jr. said of Mr. Carnegie:
He really did divest himself of his
great fortune for the benefit of man-
as be Ion g ago said that he
would. The will leaves the real
estate and all the works of art and
household goods to Mrs. Carnegie
* inancial provision for Mrs. Carnegie
f ^ r „ Mrs * ‘Carnegie’s daughter,
Mrs. Miller, was made during Mr.
Carnegie’s^lifetime. The fourth ar-
ticle of the wifi contains a series of
legacies, the most substantial of
which are to charitable institutions.”
.Public bequests were $300,000 to
Hampton Institute, $200,000 each to
the Pittsburgh University and the
Belief Fund of the Actors’ Club of
* N ew York; $100,000 to Stevens Insti-
tue; $100,000 to St. Andres’s Society,
and $60,000 t Cooper Union.
An annuity of $20,000 was be¬
queathed to Robert A. Franks, Mr.
Carnegie’s Secretary.
Annuities of $10,000 were provided
for former President Taft, James
James Bertram, Claude S. Carnegie,
David Lloyd George, each of Mr.
Carnegie’s nephews or nieces mar¬
ried, his sister-in-law Stella, his:
brother-in-law Harry Whitfield, Hen¬
ry D. Pritchett, John Morley, Lon¬
don.,,
Annuities of $5,000 to each nephew
unmarried, Walter Damrosch, Mrs.
Grover Cleveland, Mrs. Theodore
Boosevelt, Dr. Joseph Garmany, Miss
Margaret B. Wilson, George W.
Cable, Thomas Burt, M. P., John
Wilson, M. P., the Bight Hon. John
Burns, Miss Maggie Lauder, Miss
Lauder and Mrs. George; to Alexand¬
er Kink, S. H. Church, Pittsburgh;
George King, W. J. Holland, Mr.
KammerSlaig, Miss West in Carnegie
School; Douglas Stewart, museum;
Mr. Beatty, -art department; William
Frew, Mr. Wilmot, hero fund; Mrs.
D. A. Stewart, Pittsburgh; Mr. Tut¬
tle, Secretary Oratorio Society of
New York; Mr. WoodwaTd, President
Carnegie Foundation; Homer D.
Bates, Mrs. James B. Wilson, Pitts¬
burgh; Sir Swire Smith, London;
Hew Morrison, Edinburgh; Mr. Har-
die, factor, Skibo; Mr. Poynton, Sec¬
retary.
Mr, Carnegie remembered the fami¬
ly- servants and the people on the
Skibo estate.
AUC 30 '19 ■
PREMIER MM REFUSE
ANNUITY FROM
DouBf m L;i Mis - Acceptance of
$ 10,00V ifcqubat Expressed--*
Two Legafe Are Dead. • '
'Coiwliftt • 1919. bt -TV.S; PSpk
the Bight Hon. Thomas Burt, a for- •
mlr tabor : member of unique stand-.
t fil and at one time “Father of the ,
IHou.se of Commons.” is a confirmed i
•invalid. . ;
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 136-138 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
(ARE
if 10
AUG 1119
THE DEAD IRONMASTER
II! Only Three Days, and End
Came So Quickly Daughter
WAS Not There.
. By Internationa! Nvws Service.
: MNiSx, Massf Aug. 11.—An-
drew Carnegie, one of the world’s
most prominent financiers, steel
magnate and philanthropist,
died at 7:10 a. n. to-day at his
Summer home, Shadow Brook,
of bronchial pneumonia. He had
been ill but three days and the
end was entirely unexpected:
Had Mr. Carnegie lived until No¬
vember 25 next he would have been
eighty-four years old. At his bed¬
side at the time of death were Mrs.
Carnegie, his private secretary,
John Pointen; the family physician
and members of his home staff. Mrs.
Roswell Miller, his daughter, was
hot present.
Mr. Carnegie had been enjoying
the Summer in the Berkshire hills,
spending most ' of his time at his
favorite outdoor pastime—fishing.
.Three days ago he was stricken with
a cold and it rapidly developed into
S enumonia. His condition, however,
id not become alarming until last
night.
PUNEHAb AT I,EXOX.
During the time he spent In Lenox
!Mr. Carnegie was a regular attend¬
ant at the Lenox Congregational
I Church and it will be' In that edifice
j that funeral services will be held
either to-mororw or Wednesday.
Friends of Mr. Carnegie said to¬
day that the world war hastened his
death. Long identified with the' move¬
ment for world peace he had been
sorely tried by the great conflict.
The end was peaceful. He began to
experience difficulty In breathing last
evening and physicians were hurried¬
ly summoned from Pittsfield. They re¬
mained at the bedside throughout
the night, as did Mrs. Carnegie.
DAUGHTER ARRIVES.
Some few hours after her father’s
death, Mrs. Roswell Miller, who mar¬
ried Ensign Roswell Miller a few
months ago, arrived from Millbrook,
N. Y. Ensign Miller accompanied her.
From all the corners of the earth
to-day there came expressions of
regret into the beautiful Summer
mansion of Mr. Carnegie. First among
those to send words of sympathy
was Charles M. Schwab, millionaire
steel man.
While the great outside world
pours forth its expressions of regret
none are more heartfelt than those
which come from the people of this
community. Lenox and Stockbridge
knew Andrew Carnegie and loved
him. His benefactions here were
many. Shadow Brook, where the body
of the former steel magnate and phil¬
anthropist now lies is the second
largest mansion in the United States.
It is distanced only by that at Bilt-
more, N. C., home of George Vander¬
bilt. At Shadow Brook there are
seventy-five guest chambers.
Hk ty Bach Bros.
ANDREW CARiNEUlE.
MTT-carnegie came to ms Summer the trade of master weaver until
home on May 21, last. While leading! newly invented machinery drove him
a less active life than formerly hej and his four hand looms out of busi-
was very fond of taking short walks} ness. The elder Carnegie, after cast-
in his beautiful garden. I ing about for some time in search of
The ironmaster spent most of his! lucrative employment, decided to emu-
time on the spacious verandah of late _ the exampleor many of his
Shadowbrook enjoying the view over friends and neighbors and emigrate
Lake Mahkeenac which he offten«£ ^the Y^mlly settled in Allegheny,
marked, re^ nded him mf the dew, pa _. ln 1848f the elder Carnegie finding
from his castle i n Sco tland. wo rk ln a linen mill. Here Andrew
The death of Andrew Carnegie markA joinedl him at the age of eleven-an#
the passing of one of the world’s ;u™ed over the small remuneration
"greatest financiers and phila^hro-^e received^as^b btoi oU1er
pists. His phenomenal rise from a sal-, d more f amiliar w ith his better
:V1 ' y 0f S L*,,® 18 a day T° an in T surrounding's he looked about in
come of $25,000,000 -a year; his frugal i ^ earch 0 f employment - which would
manner of living; his broad religious i bring . better returns. He soon con-
and political views and vast benefac- vinfce( j h is employers that he was well
tions have ke.pt him before the. pub- ... ... ’ •
lie for more than a quarter of a cen¬
tury. y
Despite the fact that his fortune
was made in steel, he was one of the
leading exponents of disarmament,
and was prominently identified with
many other great movements,
During the war, Mr. Carnegie was
actively Interested In all efforts to
bring an end to the conflict through
peace negotiations, until the United 1
States became a party to the strug¬
gle. Since that event, the steel mag-,
nate was for a vigorous prosecution
of the war against Germany. He re¬
mained the head of the New' York
Peace Society untip its merger with
the League to Enforce Peace, whose
activities were for the establishment
of > the League of Nations.
In the last year, Mr. Carnegie
noticeably failed in vigor and during
the past few months, especially his
mental and physical condition gave
presage of the end.
The “Laird of Skibo,” as he was
often called, .was born at Dunferm¬
line, a little hamlet in Scotland, No¬
vember 25, 1835. His father followed
enough acquainted with machinery to
be trusted with a small stationary en¬
gine, and he was accordingly pro¬
moted to the position of stoker, with*
a slight Increase in wages.
TURNING POINT IN CAREER.
His metamorphosis from manual la¬
bor to clerical work was : the turning
point ln his career, He describes his
transition from an engine room to an
office as “a change fybm darkness to
light.” The transition from firing a
small engine ln a dirty cellar to
clean office where there were books
and papers was Paradise.
Naturally a bright boy, eager to
learn, Andrew was made more so by
reason of his early and uncongenial
environment. , He applied himself
heart and soul to the study of teleg¬
raphy, and realizing the inestimable
a.dyantage to be derived from sending
and receiving without the aid of tape,
then universally in use,, persisted in
keeping up his .work against the. ad¬
vice o‘f his associates.
When Andrew was fourteen years
i of age his father died, throwing 1
j the boy the responsibility of-pfl
ing for his mother and. yoT
! brother, Thomas, with the result!
1 he applied himself still more ell
to his studies. His efforts wer!
warded by promotion to an opera
place, with a. salary of $25 per ml
and his foresight in taking up!
little known method of receiving!
; sending messages won for him!
distinction of being the third mat
earth who could read the Morsel
i nals by sound.
1 At this- time Carnegie came 1
: contact with Colonel Thomas }
then division superintendent of!
Pennsylvania Railroad. Colonel T
because of Carnegie's efficienc*
telegraphy, took the lad Into .his |
and made him a railroad telej
operator, Carnegie, quick lo j
every opportunity for advancinj
employer’s interests) bold an!or- j
! ganized entirely to care for Mr. Car-
I negie’s financial transactions and he J
| and his organizations were practical- j
I ly the only customers.
>3*3 1$
Hr.
Ironmaster’s Faroe Is Made lm~
\\ perishable as Philanthropist !
jljv By Means of Will.
; While Andrew Carnegie, stef
master, is dead, Andrew Came- 1
I gie, philanthropist, will live for :
! all time under the terms of his i
will, disposing of a fortune re-1
j dueed to $30,000,000 by reason;
of lifetime gifts estimated at!
* $350,000,000.
The will shows Mr. Carnegie accu- I
'mutating close to $400;000,/000, an-d al-J
most half this staggering sum is. kept|
| intact to carry- out the same sort off
beneficent activity which he would j
i have personally continued to direct I
j had he live*!. He had approximately I
! $30,000,000 when he died and the bulk}
of this Is to ‘be added to the Carnegie i
Corporation, to which he turned over :
! $125,000,000 while living.
The income of the latfter amount I
}s disbursed both among Carnegie j
| enterprises and outside welfare or j
educational organizations which the
! corporation finds worthy. To this will
i be added, once the annuities have run j
?, their course, practically all the prin- j
U cipal of what fortune remained after
I-,: Mr. Carnegie had dispersed some
j $350,000,000.
Mr. Carnegie’s will makes few di¬
rect gifts, and the fund, which pro¬
vides many annuities, remains in oare
! of the Carnegie Corporation. Thus
j Andrew Carnegie, through the Car¬
negie Corporation, has virtually im¬
mortalized himself. He directed its !
affairs in person, and at its office it
! was stated that the founder's death
would cause no ohange In the conduct
! of the organization, for the perpetu-
1 atlon of which Mr. Carnegie had made
j every provision.
HISTORIC PHRASE EXPLAINED.
Close friends and business associ¬
ates of Andrew Carnegie were not
- 1 surprised either at the amount of his
fortune which remained, as disclosed j
by his will, nor at the manner he
chose for its final disposition. They
were quick to realize that in all prob¬
ability there would be those who, in
view of the $25,000,000 or $30,000,000 '
estimated total, would insist that the
ironmaster, to use his own historic j
phrase, had “died disgraced.”
i But James Bertram, secrelary-of the |
Carnegie Corporation of New York
and for many years Mr, Carnegie’s:
private secretary, drew attention, to |
! Carnegie having written in 1898 not
! “a man who dies rich dies disgraced,” ;
! but “a man who dies thus rich dies
; disgraced,” the whole paragraph hav¬
ing read:
“The day is not far distant when
the man who dies leaving behind
hifn millions of available wealth,
which were free for him to adminis-
- ter during life, will pass, away ‘un¬
wept, unhonored and unsung,’ -ho
matter to what use he leaves the
| dross which he cannot take with
i him. Of sqch as these the public
verdict will bs ; ‘The m,an who dies
thus rich, dies disgraced,’"
! “It Is well this paragraph should ]
be understood,” Mr, Bertram said, i
, “in order that an Incorreot recolle c- I
tion of its text should not lead care¬
less persons to turn Mr. Carnegie’s
words against him-”
A question which interested those
who had studied the will was the;
amount of the settlements made upon j
Mrs. Carnegie during her husband’s
lifetime. To family affairs of this
sort. Mr. Carnegie gave his personal;
attention, said those long familiar
with his operations. The bequest to
her, however, of the real estate, house¬
hold goods and art objects accumu¬
lated by Mr. Carnegie during his life¬
time, made it a foregone conclusion,
in the opinion of those competent to
judge, that Mrs. Carnegie must be
possessed at least of the income from
several millions, since it appears she
was expected to be able to maintain
her late husband’s elaborate and cost¬
ly establishments. That she would
dissipate, even in part, the Carnegie
'art collections was considered most
unlikely in informed quarters.
Much interest was aroused by the,
annuities left to ex-President Taft
and to the widows of ex-Presidents
Cleveland and Roosevelt. It was re- j
I called, however, that for many years :
! Mr. Carnegie had agitated for Con-
j gressional pensions for former Presi-
j dents and their families, believing
that thSse who had served the nation ’
in its highest offioe should not be
left to the hazards of ordinary busi¬
ness or professional careers, once they
. were back in private life. In Novem¬
ber, 1912, Mr. Carnegie announced for¬
mally that he had determined that he
would pay a $25,000 annuity to each
“future ex-President.” Mr. Taft’s term
then was soon to expire, and he was
l^o have been the first beneficiary.
CAUSED WIDE COMMENT.
The offer led to widespread com¬
ment and discussion, particularly as J.
the use of the phrase “future ex-
President” was taken as definitely
and explicitly excluding the late
Colonel RooseVelt, who at the time
was the only living ex-President. Mr.
Taft, while officially silent as to the
offer, was represented by Washington
correspondents, as frowning upon the
plan, and Colonel Roosevelt was
quoted as s&ying a few days later
that while his exclusion under its
terms left him not directly interested
he felt that public concern was for
the pensioning of small Government
employes and widows rather than of
former Presidents or their families.
Whether Mr. Carnegie had made any
effort to discover whether these par¬
ticular annuities would be acceptable
was not learned. . , .
Of the individuals remembered out¬
side of one or two public men all
were either close friends of Mr. Car¬
negie’s late years or of his early busi¬
ness life, or else men and women
who had rendered faithful services in
one or another of the benevolent—he
was most insistent that they never
should be called philanthropic—enter¬
prises whioh Mr. Carnegie either es¬
tablished or helped to support.
Because the public bequests are not
taxable, the State of New York will
collect inheritance tax on less than
$ 10 , 000 , 000 .
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 146-148 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
AKii'ta
ANDREW CARNE
SUMMER HOME
OF SUDDEN PN
Life of Andrew Carnegie Told
in List of Important Events
Scotland, November,
Born
lSSo. ''
Came to ^ this country when about
ten years old.
Earned Nho 0- a week -in his first
■position as d bobbin -boy.
The following year,he fired an en¬
gine in a factory.
When fourteen years of age became
the 'sole support, of his mother and
brother.
Became expert telegrapher while a
messenger boy.
Served in civil war as superin¬
tendent Of ■ -military railroads and
telegraph lines.
Made his first investment, that of
$506, in the Adams Express Company.
. , Sato. the possibilities of and■ helped:
’ develop the sleeping car.
Reaped a small fortune from .an..in¬
vestment in g. sleeping [.car -manufac¬
turing. firm.
, Organised ' ffie • ' Keystone - Bridge
Works, which- proved the fo-andatio.-ji
of the present billion dollar steel com¬
bine.
He introduced the Bessemer steel
making process in this country.
Becamethe , ;recpgnired iron .-and
steelmaster.[of the world.
.Was a inillionngire before he was .
thirty.
Retired‘from business in 1901 and
devoted himself‘to-philanthropy.
Married when .he. was about . fifty
years of age, keeping his vote not to
wed while his mother lived.
Had one child, a daughter,- Margaret,
'[-mow Mrs. Roswell Miller.
ithile abroad lived in Shibo Castle,
Scotland, ichich he purchased for about
■ $ 500 , 000 , , ; ' '
In New York he resided in a man--,
sion at FiftJiaveme and-Ninety-first
street. * >y
Was an t author, several of his books -
gaining worldwide-circulation.
Was a golf enthusiast and ' expert.
Be was a lover of music.
He daily read eight to ien uei&s-
' papers. .
JVe
G
Had Been Ailin'g for Many Months,
but Fatal Termination of Illness
Was Not Expected Until
Early Today.
LENOX, Mass., Monday.—Following a short
illness with bronchial-pneumonia, Andrew Car¬
negie, philanthropist and “st^el king,” died at his
home, Shadow Brook, this morning at seven
o'clock*
His wife and only daughter, Mrs. Roswell Mil-
Ir, but recently married, wre at his bedside, al¬
though Mrs. Miller did not arrive until a few sec¬
onds after her father's death.
His fatal illnss dated from last Friday, when
he contracted a heavy cold, but it was not thought
to be serious until an early hour this mojning.
Mr. Carnegie would have been eighty-four years old
on November 25. For the last few years he had lived a
quiet and retired life and his appearance in public had
become less and less frequent.
An energetic worker for general peace and a member
of the New York Peace Society, of which he was re-elected
president last spring, he refrained from the beginning from
discussion of the great war after it began to rage.
Early this summer his only daughter, Miss Margaret
Carnegie, became the wife of Ensign Roswell Miller,
U. S. N.
SPENT SUMMER IN LENOX.
Mr. Carnegie had spent most of the summer in Lend
coming here late in May, and up to a few weeks ago *
joyed himself in almost daily fishing trips on Lake M*
keenac, which borders his big Shadow Brook estate, and
riding about his grounds.
He was taken ill Friday and grew steadily worse. His advaiii
age and lessened powers of resistance hastened.the end.
Mr. Carnegie came to Lenox to make his home in May, HilT.u:
had spent the past three summers here. He intended to spend 1
declining days here, and when he bought it of Spencer B. S 'hotter
was announced that Mr. Carnegie would spend all of the spring a;
I summer months here. He came up from New York in May tfiisVei
Mr. Carnegie is survived by his wife, who was Miss Louise• Wlii;
, Feld, of Vew York, and bis daughter.’Margaret, who married last >|j
Ensign Roswell Miller, "of New York.
f 4 World Loses Benefactor,”
Says Charles M. Schwa
‘‘The world has lost a great man and a great benefactor 10
inanity,” was tke comment of Charles M. Schwab, chairman of
Bethlehem Steel Corporation, when informed today at his
Some at: Loretta. Pa., of the death of Mr. Carnegie.
“T> tmuM he rl iff if u If, for me to find <**—:■ ■——~ TLI-.T*.™*
UIL: rll. IjUH-Uii. J- o., v/j. i i»v '
‘It would' be difficult for me to find
; words to express my love rind admiration
for -Mr. Carue^ie, iny friend, iny partner
j: nd associate ,for many years,” said Mr.
Schwab.
“Me was the greatest man I ever knew
and he had a heart so filled with tender
| sentiment, esp'ecm-lly 'with reference to
I his associates, 'as; to make him beloved,
| a 4 well as admired, by ulTthose who came
“ Mr. Carnegie possessed ibc i . ^
inspiring others to unusual ttfor
greater measure than any man .
knew, and he always won by ex .
cf appreciation, ;raflic to than
»V\or!(! JiOTO* Benefactor”
“■The world 'has lost a great ma “.
a groat IM.
have lost 'a f riend greater than
IE, 83, DIES AT
N LENOX, VICTIM
UMONIA ATTACK
s of Philanthropists Death
mes as Shock to Friends Here
iged Philanthropist, Wife and Daughter,
Birthplace and Two Magnificent Homes
amdk.e\J
C-MtNEGlE.
Although Air. Carnegie, who -was in his
ty-fourtli year, had been an invalid
■ '»<:(> when lie suffered an attack of grip,
b e news of his death was a shock to old
I ‘ i ' eD< k ' aQ 4 former business .associates
, ero ‘ l ^ince his-previous serious illness
e J? ac * ^ ee h, under ,the care of two nurses. >
I . Lei ‘t-ified so long with the international 1
i )l{ J cc Movement, Air. Carnegie was said
l ) '‘ive been more severely- affected by the!
' °.‘ hi war than most men. It came as a:
‘•oil blow to him and the cause which lie |
s °~C}ose at heart. : '
Owing to his ill health Air. Carnegie for
some time had led a secluded life, and his
•withdrawal from all public activities gave
rise to frequent statement concerning his
health. After his retirement he was com¬
pelled to limit the number of his daily
visitors, and until his last illness he met
and spoke with only a few of his oldest
and closest friends. Mr. Carnegie’s phy-j
sician decided ho frequently overtaxed his
strength by seeing all callers nt his Fifth;
avenue home here. i.
■ . J f: #M ; '
, i’, j&® j '' (
. ■/ ■ i •. ■
'Uhl' , 'W- -
* ** |
: 1 M 1
S&tBo Ostlh
J'ounrt (tefusc 1" i-enox.
: Two years' ago Mr. Cannae . found .' a.
rouge at Shudowbrook, his new .summer
h.orric at Lenox,' which jm'purchased-from
!■ the estate of Anson Phelps Stokes. H
i was the firstCountry place owned here by
j the former steel master. Previously he
'had spent his vacations at Skibo'Castle,
j at -Dumfermline, in Scotland. When he
j purchased the property it was announced
I that 'neither he nor any member of his
! family prbbably would ever again visit
j-Hkibo because- of changes, physical and
r/mtimrrital, caused, by the war.
The marriage of Mr. Carnegie's only -
j daughter, Margaret, on April 20, to En-
; sign Roswell Miller,-TJ. S. N., was the
: last'social affair the aged philanthropist
nud peace advocate attended here. The
(•eremony was performed at Mr. Car-
ncgie’s_ town liougein the presence of 100
: guests, the bride standing, in a floral
: bower, and, Scotch bagpipes playing in ;
accordance with her father's wish.
The bridegroom, son of a former presi-
; d”nt of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St.
N Paul Railroad, who died in 1910, had not
completed his college course when war
] was declared. In 191.6 he left the Stev
Nis’ Institute in Hoboken, where he'was
! taking a course in civil engineering, to
J drive an ambulance in France, and when
the United"States "became involved fen-
.) tered, the navy as an ensign.; I
It was said at the time, of the wadding
j that after the honeymoon Mr. Miller .and;
- his bride would_ go to Princeton, N. J.,j
:jwhere he would complete his studies be-
I fore entering upon a'professional .career.
I.The former Miss" Cai^egie, heiresso of
j her father's millions, is twenty-two years
; old. Her hnshand;is two years her senior,
j Held Many Honors.
,Mr. Carnegie .at th§, time of his ueatli
j was the holder of numerous honors and |
'decorations bestowed upon him by rulers
land people all over;, the world. He re¬
ceived as a result of his benefactions
abroad the freedom of fifty-four citiesJn
Great Britain and Ireland. Altogether
lie endowed 3,000 municipal libraries ; ..in.
ithfTriited States in addition to his other
numerous philanthropic enterprises.
He was lord rector of St. Andrews’
University from 1963 to 1907 and of
Aberdeen University from 1912 to 1914
and held the honorary degree of doctor
of laws from the universities of Glasgow,
'Elinburgh, Birmingham, Manchester, Mc¬
Gill. Brown, Pennsylvania, Cornell and
j other American colleges.
Mr. Carnegie was a member of numer-
, ons philosophical, civic and scientific
, bodies,- 'among them the American- Iristi-
; tute of Architects, the American- Society
! of Mechanical Engineers, the American
i Institute of Mining Engineers, the \a
I tional Civic 'Federation, the American
Philosophic Society and the New York
Chamber of Commerce. He was a com-
! rmuider of the Legion of Honor of.France
j and haidalso received the graftd crosses.
: Order of Ofagnc,' Nassau and the Order
of Danebrog. e'was Ha member of .the
"• (ynioii League, New York Yacht,' Au¬
thors, Lotos, St. Andrews, Pjdmg^nd
The-Indian Harbor Yacht clubs..
Mr. Root Expresses Stn-ravi.
EMlm Root," Jr., sou of former Sen War
b |Root; whose -father for years has been
Mr..'Carnegie’s counsel, expressed his sor¬
row, today at. news of the ivojmiast-er’s
• death and'-'said he would inform-. his
fatherVwWfIs al his summer home in
Clinton, N., Y.
Mr. Root declined- to discuss Mr. Car-
|nogie's affairs oilier tha nto say that he
- was-a. c-itien of Nff$y York city and . to
■ admit that.-his will doubtless would be
:probated here. .. He intimated that the
i passing of Mr. Chrnegie would have no
'effect, upon the future of the Carnegie
. Foundation and similar 'philanthropies
established .by him.
.Mrs. Miller was at her home in MiH-
,'hank, N. Y., when word. came, of her
- 'father’s approaching death.
Although Mr. Carnegie . was taken ill
iFriday, it was not-until, early today, that
his condition took a critical* turn. Oh
Saturday it was said that he was suffer¬
ing from a severe cold, but, it was not
'different apparently, from other attacks
jlic had endured, and no fear was enter¬
tained that it Would prove fataj. It was
I announced that he was remaining indoors
under, the care of the nurses who had been
in attendance on him most of the time
since he came to Shadow Brook. Outside
J:o f the immediate household no one had
j an intimation that death was near. ;
According- to members of the houseiiold
) Mr. Carnegie had hoped to go to Skibo
[ Castle early this year, but changed his
j plans when he learned that under gavern-
; mental restrictions he would be unable to'
| take the retinue of servants that he de-
j sired, the regulations, limiting him to, one
j automobile and one chauffeur
Arrangements for the funeral of Mr.
j Carnegie will be made by the family |ater
in the day. Whether the body would be
j removed to New Y'ork had not .been de-
j cided. ' ■ , : \
111'19
$200,000,000 Total of
Mr. Carnegie’s Gifts
-TOTAL OF. BENEFACTIONS.•'./ ;'?20tW*W0 .
PARTIAL U.ST • OP • GlTO ,
Libraries ia the United States .. J v *44),000,000
Carnegie Corporation ....... ... • - • --.. 2o.000,000
Carnegie Iiistitute,-Pittsburg.....---........ 10,000,000
Pension for college professors. .. • • • < *>• .. lo,000,000
'Universities oif Scotland : •. .. • • • •...... • -. • , 10,000,000
Carnegie Institution, Washington...... 10,000,000
Libraries in foreign countries:................... • • V-• 10,000,000
New York" public, libraries................ v ... • • • •... • • • • • 5,200,000
Carnegie Steel Company employes...... A ... 5,000,000
Carnegie Hero Fund Commission--- --* ■ 5,000,000
Dunfermline Endowment ... -v..”• .'.''. .*. ..... v. : ' 5,000,000
Polytechnique- School, Pittsburg... .. .V........ . 2,500,000
Peace 'temple of The ,Hague.>...... ... • • • •. • • 1,750,000
Allied Engineers’ Society..;.......... •. • . .... • • • •. • . 1,500,000 .
.Carnegie-Hero Fund, Dunfermline'.. ................. 1.250,000
Trustees New York Public Library..... 1.250,009
Carnegie Hero Fund for Germany. ........... 1.250,000
Carnegie Hero Fund for France.................... 1,000,000
! St. Louis Public Library. . ...... c 1,000,000
Bureau American Republics’ Building...,........;.......... . 750,000
Detroit libraries .... ..................... 750,000
Glasgow Library .......’...................-...... 500,000
Galashiels •Technical Schools. L ..............4 ........... A 500,000
Allegheny Carnegie Institute........................ .300,000
Braddock (Pa.) Institute...........300,000
Du'quesne (Pa.) Carnegie Institute... ................ , 300,000
Johnstown (Pa.) Library............ . .MV. ... ...... 360,000
Louisville (Ky.) Library................ .1...- • 250,000
- "
111 ’19
Flags at Half-Mast on
Buildings in Pittsburg
PITTSBURG, Monday.—This city, where)
Andrew Carnegie laid, tlie foundation for)
his vast fortune in the steel. bu£>ih„ess, to¬
day paid tribute to his memory. Imme-I
diately after reading the Associated Press
despatch announcing Mr. Carnegie’s
death, Mayor E. Y. Babcock ordered all
flags, in Pittsburg lowered to half-mast.)
At the Carnegie'-Institute,": the scene o one)
of his. philanthropic , works; plans were,
made to drape, the buildings with crepe
,-in respect to its benefactor. News of Mr.
Carnegie’s sudden death at Benox spread
rabidly through the city.
At the -steel mills which bear his name,-
preparations wercc made to suspend work
and other institutions in which, he. was
interested planned similar action.
Andrew Carnegie; though born in al¬
most abject poverty, became perhaps the I
greatest philanthropist, in4he extent of)
his financial benefactions,; that the world
has- ever known. His public gifts are-:
I said to have exceeded those of Mr. John
D. Rockefeller. Hardly a section of the
globe' has not; felt the effects of the mill* j
ions which he systematically distributed ]
j from the time he retired from business,
when he made Ills-now famous statement,]
after the Biblical quotation, that “to die;
rich is to die disgraced.’' Paradoxical as;
it may seem, Mr. Carnegie found it as
Herculean a task in disposing of his
! enormous wealth as in accumulating it.
In fact, he opce stated that the distribu¬
tion of. his wealth was a greater task than
its accumulation.
Mr. Carnegie’s fortune has been vari¬
ously estimated between $200,000,000,
and "$300,000,000. It will undoubtedly be
many months before the exact amount pf j
his estate will be known. . Two years ago 1
his income was conservatively estimated
to be $20,000,000 a year.
Mr. Carnegie was born at Dunfermline.
Flfeshire* Scotland, *off November 25. 1835 i
His father was a master weaver of that
city. The elder Carnegie, like his sou. was;
radical in his views and was frequently;
an active figure in political contests -at
home. With the introduction of steam ma¬
chinery. which 'supplanted the hand looms
of those days, the eldgr Carnegie found his
livelihood, which never was above the pre¬
carious state, endangered.. Eventually the
operation of four hand looms which he and
his two sons. Andrew and Tom, operated,
was discontinued. Mrs. Carnegie, his
mother, a patient, loving, motherly woman,
whom young ' Carnegie always revered,-;
aided at the looms. The elder finally de-j
deled it would be better for the. future of!
the boys that they emigrate to t,he United
States, which they did. \
Mafic EJtft»fonrg Steel Centre. ;
When young Ca^ie'gie arrived in the ;
United States'he had nmassets.in the way
of education or money. He was uneducated,'
save fo.r a few months of schooling he re¬
ceived in ^Scotland and what was drilled
into him by his mother. But;what* he'!]
lacked in education he more than doubled
in energy, resource, determination and am- ,
bition. The family settled .in Pittsburg,
which, mote through Andrew Carnegie
than ary other man, became a celebrated!
city in the United States. Through his]
wonderful genius for organizing .and devel¬
oping he made Pittsburg the iron and' steel!
centre pf £ the United States, if not the'
world. ■
, When Andrew Carnegie was eleven years
[old and the family in very poor circum¬
stances, lie secured a position as a bobbin
boy in a cotton factory, at Alleghany City
i at $1.20 a week. Mr. Carnegie, in. rem¬
iniscent moments, often referred to his
first position, which he said, filled his mind
with ideas of organization and the value of
money in industrial enterprises.
He worked less than a year as a bobbin',
boy without any increase in salary, when]
he secured another ppsitibn-- that/of run
ning an engine, iih the cellar of a factory !
With the change' came a slight increase]
in wages. From morning till night ; Oar -
negie worked in the darkness of the cellar,
his only light being the glare, from the
furnace and a lamp light. ’While he held
that position lie studied arithmetic and
penmanship.
■ Saw Sun Once a Week.
j Carnegie became dissatisfied with the
;; hardships of 'tiring an engine and working
'j in darkness - all day. He often said that
! he saw the'sun only once a week,, and that !
on Sunday. He went. to. his work before
j sunrise .apd left after supset.. His next
5 position was as a messenger boy ,in the;
j office of the Ohio Telegraph Company
i Carnegie said that the transition from;
i the dark, dirty cellar and the heat of the.
furnace to the sun-filled, lightsome ano
' well-kept telegraph, office was like getting]
, a glimpse of paradise.
At fourteen years of age lie became the;
'sole support of liis mother and younger]
I brother, his father having died in the
meantime. The . youth always thought
of his mother. He wanted to provide her
with a home.and luxury. Even in those
days that was his ambition. He vowed
be* would never marry while his mother;
lived, so devoted was he to her, and he
.kept his vow. In less than,ten years from j
the time he became a messenger boy his.
■mother was living in a mansion with]
| every- luxury at her command.
Almost from the day that Audrey Car
negie entered the telegraph office he,
studied telegraphy. He was forever prac¬
tising at the' key. In a remarkably short
i time he became an expert telegrapher
and was one of the first to fake messages
by sound. He began to “sub” for the
j regular operators and soon supplanted„i
jone of them because of liis skill. His]
wages were increased to $25 a month,
which to him was princely.
I He made an additional dollar a week
by copying telegraph news fbr Pittsburg
papers.
Makes First Investment.
This is the turning point in Andrew
Carnegie s. career. W hen the Pennsyl¬
vania-^Railroad . needed an expert tele¬
graph operator he was chosen. It was
while in the employ of the Pennsylvania
that he met Colonel Scott, Mr. T. T
Wooarnff, the inventor of the sleeping
ear, and other men whose friendship
placed him in a position to build up his
colossal,fortune. Colonel Scott was the
superintendent of a division of the Penn¬
sylvania system. Ho took a fancy to
Carnegie, who was always known as
Andy. It was through Colonel 8cott
that Andy” made liis "first investment
and was initiated into the ;business
methods ot a country. , .
Colonel Scott asked Carnegie if he dould
ge t together $500 1o buy ten shares in the
Adams Express Company; Carnegie con¬
sulted liis-..mother , n.d : his : brother. He
IP or t gage,d their home, in which the Gar-i
negies then had an equity of only $800 ;
The stock paid monthly, dividends of one
•per cent; n. ; ;
Mr. Carnegie became Colonel Scott’s sec¬
retary. When Colonel.Scott became vice!
president of the' road Mr, Carnegie was
made the .superintendent of the npst -,
cjivisipn: While acting in that capacity,
business opportunity the fruits of which
he readily, saw Came to him and he prolu
immensely. „ ,
Borrows Affiney to Invest. •
Mr. T. T. Woodruff, ■ the: inventor -of
the sleeping car, was seeking ; a railroad
official willing' to: inspect , liis discovery.
Mr. Carnegie listened attentively. He
said subsequently the nqpdel Mr. Wood¬
ruff displayed majld, him ,reajlizh that. a
..discovery of world: wide -benefit had . been j
made. He took ;Mr. Woorlruff, to Colonel
Scott and insisted that the invention be
adopted. A company was formed and
Mr. Carnegie was given an interest, for
which he paid $217,50, He-bdlrowed the
money from a local banker who had
taken a fancy to him. He paid the
banker in monthly installments out his
salary. , ■ ’ ■■ . *>■ J .
“Thus, did I get my-foot upon fortune’s;
ladder,’’ said Mr. Carnegie subsequently.
“The climb was easy after tliat.A
When the pivil war broke out Carnegie
was put in charge of the military railroads
and telegraph lines' bv ■ Colohel Scott who
had became Assistant Secretary of .War.
The records of the War Department show
that Andrew Carnegie was the third man
wounded on the Union side in: the civil war.
lie was trying to free a track into Wash¬
ington, from obstructing wires that the
Confederates had installed w;hen a wire
snapped, cutting open his head. He worked
so hard in his new position that,diis-health
gave way, forcing him to go abroad.
Seen Possibilities ot SteleL
Upon hi* return, Mr. Carnegie conceived:
from observations of experiments being
made with the construction; of a cast iron
bridge the wonderful possibilities" of / the
use of steel and iron instead of wood in the
construction' of buildings and bridges.
When he saw'the Pennsylvania Road ex¬
perimenting: with a oast iron bridge the
fact dawned on him that the unstable, dan¬
gerous wooden bridge was-obsolete and that
iron or steel structures must take their
place.' ■ ”
At this, point -ki his. career Mr. Car¬
negie displayed Ills wonderful powers, for,
organizing .and; controlling, powers that
made him the leader in the steel in¬
dustry' and the business affairs of the
nation, fie saw that fortunes, were .to]
be made in- the construction of iron
bridges..' The thing to do was to or*i
ganize organized, and that;
Mr. Carnegie .was to retire. There were]
reports that a combination of interests]
wore intent upon forcing Carnegie out ot;
the business entirely. Mr. Carnegie re¬
tired from the business in 1901, when the
Carnegie Steel Company was merged into
the United States Steel Corporation. At
that time Mr. Carnegie denied that the
combine had frightened him. He .declared
at the time that no combination of in¬
terests could frighten him. He said his
plant was unequalled in any part of the
world and capable of fighting any combi¬
nation.
“I sold in pursuance of a policy, deter¬
mined upon long since, not to spend.m,v :
old age. in business struggling' after
more dollars. " I believe in developing -
dignified and unselfish 'life after sixty, -
!:u said at that time.
When he retired Mr. Carnegie’s fortun
was estimated to be more than $100,000.-
000. It was then'that he made, known"P. .
the world that he intended tb distribute
his millions. His benefactions up to
1899 exceeded $17,000,000. They wmv -
not' confined to- this country, t-hougi
Pittsburg received more - of that amount
than any otl>er. section of the globe
From 1801 up to the day of his death Mr
Carnegie gave with a generosity tha:
AUv
startled the world. Efteh -succeeding
gift, in most cases, was greater than tin-
preceding one. . On a number of occa¬
sions'he set aside, funds of ?I.O.COO.O-K-
for philanthropic purposes.
Mr. Carnegie's retirement from busi¬
ness did not eliminate him entirely from
it. His counsel was sought frequent!;
by,the officials of the billion dollar com¬
bine. In bis frequent travels to Europe
lie was constantly in communication
with the company by cable. His .advice
was asked innumerable times. There
were . occasions when officials went
abroad to consult him.
Mr. Carnegie when he- was the active
head of the steel works was good ant!
generous to his workmen, but there were
occasions when he clashed with the. labor
unions of which the workmen were mem¬
bers. The celebrated Homestead strike,
which perhaps has no equal in the history
of labor controversies, took place while -he
was active in the business. Mr. Carnegie
and his associates contended then that
certain members of the labor unions w<9
in a conspiracy to create labor trouble
from mercenary motives, with the result
that one or the other had to fall. The
strike was declared and in the battles that j
ensued several strikers were shot dead. |
AUC11 ’19
ANDREW CARNEGIE.
Announcement of the death of Mr. An-’
! drew Carnegie will create scarcely a ripple
of exciteinent.
He had been so much in retirement fori
at least ten years that the name, once, a
household- word, had become little more
*; than a memory.
{ Frequent reports of his failing health
I appearance his. intellect was as keen,..his
■ a man who had he lived until November
25'would have been eighty-four years old.
Whatever his'' bodily infirmities we-
| must recognize that up to his last _ public:
i appearance hisin tellect was as” keen, his!
eye as bright and his humor as pungent!
1 qs eyer. One thing is certain, he willi
be found to,have set his .house in order:
end left his great esfate in incontestable;
: -hape.' ■
The achievements •;of the man," his be¬
quests. hisYilrrarjes,- his efforts for peace, |
establishment of The Hague Palace and
: other activities are matters for history!
to d«il with. .
i 12*19
NO POMPS TO
MARK RITES
OF CARNEGIE
Services To Be Thursday at His
Summer Home in Lenox,
Mass.
ONLY MEMBERS OF FAMILY TCj
ATTEND.
the funeral of Andrew Carnegie, once the!
.world’s “steel king,” who, it is reported,i
has left an estate of more than $350,000*000,-j
will be of the simplest character, strictly!
private and devoid of all Ostentation and
.show.' - • •
The services will take place - Thursday;
[ morning at eleven o’clock at Shadow;
i Brook, the $500,000 country home recently
purchased by. Mr. Carnegie at'Lenox, Mass.!
| The services will be attended onlyby the
members' of Mr. . Carnegie’s family, his;
1 \ if e , daughter, Mrs. .Roswell Miller, and
■ her husband and intimate friends, and will;
! be conducted by the Rev. Benson N. Wy¬
man, pastor of the Lenox Congregational
Church, where Mi\and Mrs. Carnegie held;
a pew. and the Rev. Dr. William Pierson
Merrill, pastor of the .Brick Presbyterian
•Church of this city.
Burial in Sleepy Hollow.
•Fdlldw-'ing the services the body will be
takenia.t once by special train to'tbe ceme¬
tery in Sleepy Hollow, N. Y., for burial in
a-plot'Which Mr. Carnegie purchased some
years, ago.
The great, iron and st^el /master also;
penned the epliap.h .Wlirch will be inscribed!
on his tomb. It reads:—
“Here lies a man who Knew how to enlist
in his ; service, better man than himself.”' :
. Tt was at first thought that -the body 1 ,
of tlfe de^d financier would be brought to;
this city for a- public funeral service, but
after the family had emerged from the
first shock of his death, it was announced
that such a programme was contrary to
, wishes and to'those expressed by. Mr.
h'rnegie in life.
$<{50,000,000 III Benefactions.
i; When the news of Mr. Carnegie’s death
i became public two;: questions,'at once pre-
lj son tod themselves, one being how it wotild
■ [affect tire- various benefactions of the
i !-steel king,” which "total more than $350,-
)00, and -the- other as.to th^ amount of
Mr. Carnegie’s estate.
.Both of these were answered by Janies
Bertram, for many years one of Mr. Car¬
negie’s closest fviehds, for several years
•Vis secretary, and. mow secretary and a
rector o? the Carnegie Corporation of New
York. Mr. Bertram said:—
“Only the filing of the will can ■
close., the figures,” he said. “It would
be idle for me even to make an estimate.
But in regard to the effect of Mr. Car¬
negie’s death on the corporation, 1 can
speak with*authority. There will not be
tiie slightest hitch in its work because its
founder has died. In fact, it was partly
to anticipate such, a contingency that the
corporation was formed.” "
An interesting sidelight on the cheery
Scotch disposition of Mr. Carnegie is given
in one of the last letters written by him.
Tt is dated August 9 and addressed to
Charles C. Janies, a New York broker. In
it Mr. Carnegie, after referring, to the
Acrid War and the peace treaty, said:—
“T rejoice, in having lived to see the
day when, a°s Burns puts it, ‘Man.to man
the world'.o’er shall be brothers and a’
that.’ A"':;.'-
“i believe this happy condition is ds-
! ured by tbe'Lehgue' of Nations and that
■civilization will n'o\v march steadily for-
1 ward, with no more great wars to mar its
progress.”
Death Not Expected,
i While Mr. Carnegie was in exceedingly
■feeble health when he wjsnt to his summer
home last May there was no reason for
fear until last. Friday, when he contracted
ja severe cold. Even then his fafnily did
jnot consider his' condition serious until
]Sunday. Speaking of his Jasty 'illness, Dr.
iBrace W. Paddock, of Pittsfield, who at¬
tended him, said:— .
! “Mr. Carnegie was exceedingly feeble
when he arrived at his summer home in
[the spring. I kept in constant touch with
him and, although ht- appeared cheerful
at all times, he, did not gain in strength.
His condition Was Such that when he Was
stricken with bronchial pneumonia he did
not. have the strength to resist.
“The illness developed in such a waj
that, there was no opportunity for Mr. Car¬
negie, to . have any farewell words with
members of the household.”
MR. CARNEGIE’S
BODY TO LIE IN
SLEEPYHDLLOW
Announcement of Simple Funeral
Thursday Given Out at
Lenox Home.
EPITAPH WAS WRITTEN BY
HIMSELF.
LENOX, Mass.,Tuesday.—It was an¬
nounced by Mrs. Andrew Carnegie at.
Shadowbrook this aftfrnikpi that the!
funeral of Andrew Carnegie will be held
Thursday morning at the residence. No |'
hour was given but it is understood that
half past'ten - o’clock Is the lime*. Mrs,
Carnegie’s wish for strict privacy in-the'
■ funeral will be' observed. The Rev. Wil-
'liam Pierson Merrill, pastor of the Brick-
Presbyterian Church, -.New York, Mr. i
[Carnegie’s New York pastor, and the Rev. j
Benson N. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox
Congregational Church, will officiate.
The body will be taken Thursday after¬
noon on a special train' toTafryiown, N. •
Y., and burial will be in the private lot
purchased by Mr. Carnegie sometime ago
in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.
. The great, iron and steel.master himself;
penned the epitaph which''will be inscribed,
on his tmnb‘. It reads-:+-
Tiere lies a man who knew how to enlist
in his service'better men than himself.”
It was at first thought that the body
of the dead financier would be brought to
this city foV a public funeral .service,, but
after the family had emerged front the
first shock of his death, it was announced
that such a programme was contrary to
their wishes and to those .expressed by Mr.
Carnegie-in life. ■
An interesting sidelight on the cheery
Scotch disposition of Mr. Carnegie, is given
in one of the last letter's written by -him.
It is dated August 9 and addressed to
Charles C. James, a New York broker. In
it: Mr. Carnegie, after referring to the 1
World War and the pe'ace treaty, said,:-—
“I rejoice in having lived to see' the!
day when, as Burns puts it, ‘Man tb -man
the world o’er shah be brothers and a’
that.’ ",
“I believe this: happy condition is as-!
sured> by the League ,of: Nations'and. that!
civilization will now inarch steadily for-'
ward, with no more great Wars to mar its!
progress.”
AUG 14 ’IS/
Unless present arrangements are altered;
LAST RITES
TODAY FOR
MR. CARNEGIE
Two Score Intimate Friends and
Associates Gather at Lenox
for the Services.
TOMB is IN CENTRE OF PINE
DOTTED PLOT.
LENOX, Mass., Thursday.-By tonight
the body of Andrew Carnegie, onetime
steel king,” will lie in a pine-, dotted plol
111 SIee Py Hollow Cemetery, at Tarry-
[ town, N. Y., and the two score of intimate
friends and former associates of the dead
(financier who are here to attend tjie fun¬
eral services today will have returned to
I their- homes.
j The services, which take place at the
:Carnegie home, Shadow J^obk, at half¬
past ten o’clock, will he gimble/fn con¬
formity with'the practice of the Presby-
tei'ian and Congregational churches. The
- of anthems by the quartet of the
Brick Presbyterian Church, of New York,
will be the only special feature. The
Rev. Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pastor
of Brick Church, will- officiate, assisted
by the Rev. Benson N. Wyman, of the
Lenox Congregational Church. There
will be no honorary pallbearers. <
Among the thousands of letters- and
telegrams of condolence deceived by Mrs.
Cari^gie. is a cable despatch from- King
G-eorge, of Great Britain, it is said. »
Among those who are registered at the
. Curtis oHtel for the funeral are:-~
Charles M. Schwab, Rlihu Root, Jr.;
Dr. Robert S.Woodward, trustee of the ;
Carnegie Foundation; Mrs. Walter
Damrosch and the Rev. Dr. Merrill. !
Robert W. Franks, Mr. Carnegie’s finah-
hal "secretary; Mrs. James Greenway,
niece; the Rev. Dr. Frederick Lynch, of
New York, and Oliver Ricketson, qf Pitts-,
burg, who married Mr. Carnegie’s niece, 1
are als # o here as are, Clarence Dickin-
: • son and the Brick Church Quartet, con-!
sisting of Miss Rose Bryant, Miss Mary 1
Stoddard, Grant Kimball and Frank. Crox-1
-it on. -
s Augustus Lukeman, sculptor, of
| New' York, who has a villa in Stockbpidge,
| Las taken a death mask of Mr. Carnegie. 1
- Mr. Carnegie’s coffin is of mahogany, i
1 covered with black broadcloth of the: fin- '
^ est texture. The mountings are of gun
metal and the large solid silver illate
bears this inscripgon in regular script:—
“Andrew Carnegie, born in Dunfermline,
\ Scotland, November 25, 1835, died at
> Shadowbrook, Lenox, Mass., August 11
; 1919.”
The Carnegie plot is the largest and
] costliest in the cemetery. It overlooks
the Hudson and contains 13,000 square
| fee L studded with pine trees and cov- 1
I ered with shrubbery. The Pocantico
River flows along the east side of the j
i P Io t, while a short distance away is the
mausoleum of William Rockefeller- and !
the p^ot of John D. Rockefeller. Nine
hundred feet from the Carnegie plot lies j
the body of Washington Irving.
The \Carnegie plot was 'bought three
years ago by Mrs. Carnegie and her !
daughter. A crypt of reinforced concrete
with hollow titles was built at a cost of ;
$40,000. ' It contains space fop only two !
■ bodies.
and her daughter. Mrs a Miller,
twenty-or.s intimate friends. The r-er- '
vice was read by the Rev. Dr. William
Pierson Merrill, pastor of the Brick
Presbyterian Church. New York.
Before the -arrival of the cortege Ho'
cemetery gates were closed and :T score 1
of guards' were stationed -at the or.-!
trances to koep curious .persons awav. I
Scores of towns folk who had intended 1
to witness the burial were turned away.
The Carnegie plot, containing 13,00.9;
square feet, is at (lie northern end of)
the cemetery, interspersed with tali'
pines and shrubbery, with the Pocan-
tico River flowing close by. Mrs. Car-1
uqgie purchased the plot three years
ago. The vault, with space for" two
bodies, was built at a cost of $40,000.'
Near by are the plots of John D. Rocke¬
feller and John D. Arclibold, both of
whom were close personal friends of
Mr. Carnegie.
AliC 16 '19
Anecdote of Mr, Carnegie.
To THE .tiDITORtt?K THE Rr-EXn-.G TjXKGriAVt.
ERE is a litile incident in the
life of VLr: Carnegie* that may be
interesting. Some years ago a
number of’ evangelists called on
Mr., Carnegie "to get his idea of eohyer-'
Slops and religion in general.
. He did not" give them much satisfaction'
on /the question-^at least, not as much'W
they expected. They had to approach him
in a broad, liberal and, ehsy manner, as
'■ithey were "afraid to be ahy way’persbiral;
on account of Mr. Carnegie’s great -
wealth. He did. however—when asked I.
about his own idea- on the Christian re¬
ligion and what it was to be a Christian—
say, “All that is h.inap, to,,be
a Christian is to be a good citizen.” 'The:
evangelists came out and/ SaM* tb one an¬
other, “Why, we are astonished. That
kind of an answer might mean anything:
from an agnostic or free thinker down 1
to rationalism,’! - One' man said he be¬
lieved Mr, Carnegie to , be I an agnostic.
Another said, “Wei}, Mr. Carnegie has!
never v troubled himself much about re-j ;
ligion—he has never talked much on the
matter.” “Yes,” said another preacher,:-
“Mr. Carnegie is more interested in build-i
ing ships for the United 'States, than in
tallying about religion.”
JOHN HENRY SMITH. '
Nciy'YorkyAugnstTl, "101ft.
AUG 15 ’19 AUG 2119
I
ANDREW CARNEGIE
LAID TO REST IN
SLEEPY HOLLOW
Immediate Friends of Family and
Relatives Attend Simple
Burial Services.
REPOSES m PLOT CHOSEN BY
STEELMAN.
TA; / R V TOWN, N. Y., Froday.-The
body of -Andrew Carnegie, onetime steel
man, philanthropist and author, is in its
final resting place in Sleepy Hollow Ceme¬
tery, in the rile selected by Mr. Carnegie
himself as the roort ideal repose in death.
Simple services, -following an 'eight-mile
fan 4 c-ortopo •• '.fended by immediate
friends and relatives, concluded the obse¬
quies, for the distinguished American.
CARNESIE GAVE
NINE-TENTHS OF
WEALTH AWAY
Fortune Now Amounts to but
$50,000,00®, Instead of Half
a Billion, Is Report.
Andrew Carnegie was worth only fifty
million dollars, instead of a half billion,
it was said as the announcement was
made that his will will be probated next
week. His .numerous gifts to his pet
charities such as the libraries,,, the Carne-;;
gie Foundation and other educational and
charitable institutions were so great that
(it apparently cut down his.fortune to af,
least one-tenth of its estimated propor¬
tions.
It was said early today, after the publica¬
tion of a story purporting to tell the de¬
tails of the Carnegie will, that a complete
will made , by Mr. Carnegie some years
ago, wa.s cast aside after the marriage''of
the testator’s daughter, Margaret, to Ros-
well Miller last spring. At that time, it is
stated, Mr. Carnegie gave to liis daughter
a large bequest and thereupon made an¬
other will.
This instrument was drawn up almost '
in its entirety by Elihu Root, it is said,
and tlie Home Trust Company, of Hobo- 1
ken, will act as trustee and executor.. This
financial institution was founded by Mr.
Carnegie, and Robert A. Franks, of No.
135 East Sixty-fifth street, is its president.;
Mr. Franks was treasurer of the Carnegie j
Foundation and for many years was a I
close adviser of the steel king. By reeip-!
l'o'cal legislation in New York and New!
Jersey, the bank can operate- with equal
facility in either State.
The following statement in regard to
the filing of the will was issued at the
offices of Root, Clark, Buckner and How¬
land, the attorneys fo rthe Carnegie es-
-tale
“■With regard to the article in an even-
ing paper, it was stated that the article!
was not entirely • accurate. It was said "
that the amount of the estate would be
known when the will is probated, and the
terms of the will would "ispeak for them- ;
selves. Pending the probate of the will .
the attorneys stated that they preferred !
not to comment on the matter.
It is stated that in addition to adminis¬
tering the will, the Home Trust Company
will still act as guardian and pensioner to :
nearly five, hundred individuals who for
many years have benefited through the
generosity of Mr. Carnegie. Some of the |
pensions date back twenty years, and !
some are given to friends of Mr. Carnegie’s
earlier days. One beneficiary, it is said, j
was a telegrapher with Mr. Carnegie. The.
amounts range from $25 to $50 a month.
It is also said that when the will Is pro¬
bated it will reveal that many of his old
friends and former employes will have
been remembered. . .
AUG 29 T9
GIFT AND GIVER.
Shrewd Srastae&s mam as he was in all
Ms years of straggle to reach the heights:
he filially attained, Andrew Carnegie
mever lost the strain of sentiment in his
nature, He who knew how to meet liis
rivals in the battle for millions, and to
fcest them at that stern warfare, proved
that softer thoughts could move and hold 1
Ms spirit quite as strongly as the pursuit
of wealth. His refusal to marry in the
lifetime of his mother is notable evidence
®f this side of Ms nature.
His will shows that his earnest wish
he helpful to his fellow man caused
him to giye away the enormous sum of
$350,000,000, ©r more than ten times the
yalne of Ms estate at the time of his
ieatk
Only sentiment guiding the impulses of
jfe sympathetic character could have caused
Mr. Carnegie t© direct that Ms executors
pay annuities for life to William Howard
TWfc, MV* Theodore Roosevelt and Mrs.
Grover Cleveland, mw Mrs. Preston, or
tepmvMo & of $200,000 for the
relief work of the Authors’ Club of New
York.
These gifts he Interpreted as ree-
©ghitSon by Mr. Ckmegis of the lack of
adequate. financial retom to many per-
araw ®f ability and high standing in the
eomimmity and as evidence of his opinion
that provision ought to be made for those!
who serve th® community well hut who
lack that ©pedal and separate gift of,
knowing hew to make money for tbem-
Mr. Taft to a peer wxa. Mr. Roosevelt
®nd Mr. Cleveland left wry small es¬
tates. Mr. Carnegie by Ms touching
thought tor the former President and
tor . the wives of two other men who,
had been; Chief Magistrate assures these
persons who deserve weH of their con*
I try against the pinch of poverty in their
j declining years.
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 156-158 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
- T
1.GG
MJ£.±W
AGED IRONMASTER AND ,
PEACE ADVOCATE DIES
4 IN HIS SUMMER HOME
-- — - — ---
Philanthropist Passes A way After Life Devoted to
Giving Away of Millions—Wife at Bed¬
side, Daughter Too Late.
$350,695,653 Given Away by Carnegie
Washington, Aug. 11.—Andrew Carnegie has given away $350,-
695,653 up to June 1,1918, a compilation of his benefactions prepared by
the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace shows.
Lenox, Mass., Aug. 11.-—Andrew Carnegie, Laird of Skibo,
multi-millionaire and philanthropist, who set out in 1901 to
give away the great fortune he had accumulated in the steel
: industry, died to-day in his eighty-fourth, year.
The end came a little after 7 o’clock this morning at his
summer estate here, Shadow Brook, where the ironmaster had
sought seclusion when the horror of the world war weighed
heavily upon him.
Mr. Carnegie Bad been compelled j
against his -wish to remain indoors
| since Friday suffering from what was |
described as a severe pold.. The trou- ['
ble developed into bronchial pneumo¬
nia and death came with brief warn--
ingv Mrs. Carnegie and his private
secretary, John - Poyton, were sum¬
moned to the bedgide by the nurses I
early to-day and remained until the 1
aged man breathed his last at 7.10
o’clock.
When the fatal turn was reached
his daughter, Margaret,- wife of En¬
sign Roswell Miller, of New York
was summoned from her home at.
Millbroolc, N. Y., and arrived a few
minutes after her father had passed
away.
FUNERAL j ARRANGEMENTS.
) Arrangements for the funeral and
| burial had not been made up to early
| afternoon. Mr. Poyton said that it
SI was in doubt whether the body would
SI be removed to New York, No at-
i tempt to make definite plans would
| be attempted, he said, until Mrs.
I Carnegie had had opportunity to re-
I cover from the shock. .She was
• seriously affected, it was said.
, In spite of his advanced years the
unexpected death of Mr. Carnegie
startled the summer colony. Until
Friday the mastei of Shadow Prook
was seen daily driving about the es¬
tate or taking short walks. On sev¬
eral occasions since his arrival here
in May he had enjoyed his favorite
sport—fishing—on Lake Mahkeenas,
which adjoins the Carnegie prop-
erty. To the neighbors who saw him
frequently he had become a, fixture
and many failed to realize his de¬
clining physical condition.
It was two hours after his death
1 when the news became known, Imrne-
(Lately summer colonists began calling
the house by telephone, and many
drove in their cars to the home. A
little later the local telegraph office
and telephone exchange were swamped
with messages of inquiry and condo-
!j lence.
Mr. Poyton announced that he would
'receive newspaper men at 11 o'clock,
when he hoped to be able to tell them
.something of the plans of the family.
•U 11 o'clock, however, he said that
.nothing had been determined. Friends
| were being communicated- with, but
until'Mrs. Carfiegie was in condition
to be personally consulted nothing as
to when or where the funeral would
I b e Qo ;uia be made known.
Mr. Carnegie leaves his wife, who
1 was Miss Louise Whitefielcl. of New
j York, and his daughter Margaret,
j who was married . last April to En-
; sign Roswell Miller, of Ne'Vf York,
j It was announced that h e Arms fp-
l maining indoors under the care of
! the nurses who had be n in attend- ;|
lance, on, him most of the time since
I lie came to Shadow Brook. Outside j
| of the immediate household no one
! had intimation that death was near,
j * According to members of the
; Household, Mr. Carnegie had hoped
■ tp go to Skibo Castle early tills year.
but changed his plans when he
j learned that under governmental .re-
i strictions he would be unable to take
i the retinue’ of .servants that lie d
! sired, the regulations limiting him to
I, one automobile and one chauffeur. *
Carnegie Born Poor;
Gave Autzy Millions
i Andrew Carnegie brggri a vkce against
jlime when ih 1901. at the, age of sixty-
jfive, he resolved to give away his enor-
imous fortune. He held it "disgraceful’'
y-fer a man to keep on .gathering idle
■(■millions. In the comparatively few.
Years which the actuary,could allow him'
■jlie Would disembarrass himself of prac¬
tically all he had. No man had ever
| launched a phi fail trophic campaign of
; such dimensions,
i HiS was then, a. fortune of just about
a (j war ter billion dollars, the largest ever
j acquired' by a foreign-born American,
second only to the John P. Rockefeller
wealth as the lai'gest individual accumu-
j latioit in the United States, and built as
| it was of 5 perjsent. steel bonds, it .would
j without so much as turning over one’s
' Input have approached half a billion by
jtlK: time Carnegie could call himself an
j octogenarian on November 25, 1915.
GAVE A WAV MANY MILLIONS. '
I To give this stupendous sum away, in
';] about half the time lie had taken to
leather it, was a purpose Carnegie had
I fairly, well fulfilled-when death overtook
'him to-day. He ; had-distributed hboulj
i.'$ 31)0,000,000. it was giving- money away
j at the rate of over $20,000,000 a year, or
'more than $.50,000 a day.
| He. declared; wnen’he gave up gather- I
ting- wealth and announced an era of
distribution, that lie expected to find
jit more difficult to give his millions
: away than it had been to acquire them.
;"How would you® give $300,000,000
I .away?” became such a/ popular query
(that an English advertiser who employed
H received no less than 46,000 sug~
| gestionis as to how Carnegie could rid (
! himself of his wealth. Twelve thousand.
| persOnS solved the problem in part by j
I asking for some of the money for them- i
selves,
The answers which Carnegie himself
ga ve, and backed up with his millions, |
have made him the most original, if not!
the greatest, -of philanthropists.
MILLIONS FOB PENSIONS.
f * Before he sailed fer Scotland in 1901
he left letters announcing gifts of
$9.000,000. 'His 1 ’first big gift was the
setting aside of $4,000,000 to supply
pensions and relief for the injured and
aged employes of his steel plants—"an
acknowledgment of the deep debt which
.1 owe- to the workmen who havecon-
nibutal so greatly to my success/” He/
ado'ed an extra million for the support J
ot libraries for his -workmen, and took,
up his library hobby in a wholesale way I
by giving. $5,200.0.00 , to New York City
for the erection- of sixty-five branch
libraries in the. rnetropolis. Another
million he gave for'a library in St. Louis.
"I have just begun to give money
away,” he said in, announcement of these
gifts. . He kept it up as fast as he
cotful with discrimination. On libraries
alone he spent upward of $52,000,000.
He' gave them to some two thousand
English speaking communities through¬
out the world. One of his libraries is in
0 .Fiji Islands.
ROMANCE NOT LACKING.
J The element'of romance is not lacking
;ia the life of Andrew Carnegie. No bc-
Mj-nnihg could have be,en.more unprom- 1
I '«ing than his, there in the-town of Dun-
|t<-rm!u:;', near Edinburgh, Scotland,
j wlwre ho was bern November 11, 1836.
! father was a weaver; his mother
■ a. hardworking housewife, who gave him
.'h;-. first instruction in reading, writing
, an«j ciphering.
!. Chance came early, info the order, j
ing of hi 8 life. Doubtless he himself j
j WRild. have become a weaver in time, !
but for somjething that happened one/
onth. From, private operator to private
I secretary was but a step, and in that I
capacity Carnegie worked for Scott and I
j for President J. Edgar Thomson for
thirteen years.
'! In tllis Pjsriod he read a great deal, j
and lie says in one of his books that it !
| was at about this time that th© deter-1
j mination was formed'in his mind to de-'
I vote much of the fortune he knew he ;
would malte to :.the -founding of free
public libraries. I-Iow well he has car-;
Tied out. that youthful purple all the ;
world now knows.
’■* It. Was while in Mr. "Scott's employ -j
that lie made his first financial venture.
-An opportunity came to him through the.
good offices of his employer, to buy ten
shares of Adams Express Company stock
-at $60 a share. He had to mortgage his
mother’s home, which' he had paid for,
but he felt that he had done a good ;
thing- ‘when he drew down his first
monthly dividend of $10. ■
“Here was money,’”" Mr. Carnegie has
said, “that I had received without labor¬
ing for it, tpc irvicrest 51 on" my capital. 1 ;
felt now lhat I had a standing in. the
world of. finance.”
. Advancing with Mr. Scott,' Carnegie ’!
became in time one of the division su- I
perintendents of the Pennsylvania Itaii-
road. When Scott become assistant sec¬
retary of >var in 1861 Carnegie accom- |
vipanied him to Wa'shingtQii; The Con- !
federates had broken railroad communi¬
cation between A-knapolls and Washing- 5
ton, and his first work was to restore it.
He rode into the capital on the first
locomotive that made the journey with!
a wound in his cheek which he got while ‘
repairing a broken telegraph wire.
Mr. Carnegie, was ip charge of rail- !
way transportation at the battle qf Bull i
Hun. and after that did a great service
lo the War department in devising- the !
> first, cipher code for the transmission of
secret government messages. But ' in
June, 1862, Mr. Scott having returned
to the service of the Pennsylvania, Mr. j
Carnegie -became superintendent of his
vld division. With headquarters at Pitts¬
burg as before.
One day T. T. Woodruff came to him
end showed him the model of a sleeping
berth for railway cars, and he saw in
an instant the value of the Idea. He
took Woodruff to Col. Scott, and the 1
three of them formed the Woodruff
Sleeping Car Company.
Mr. Carnegie had to borrow *200 to
mate tis first payment on the stock,
but the-venture was a profitable one. ;
HIS CAREER IK STEER.
■ Then oil interested him, and on an in-
! vestment of $40,000 he and his asso- !
elates made in one year $1,000,000. This \
| put him in a position of independence,
and in 1867 he resigned his position, and
-(! began his great career in steel. i
While in England in 1868 he observed j
that the railroads there were discarding !
the old iron rails for steel rails. On his
, return he built at Pittsburg the first
Bessemer plant in this country, and be- !
gari there the. manufacture of/Steel rails
for American railroads.
Be bought the Homestead works about
a year later, anc! by 1888 he and his I
associates owned the seven steel works
in and around Pittsburg that constitute !
! the Carnegie Steel .Company, the month- ;
: Jy output of which was 140,000 ton's of
pig iron and 160,000 tons, of steel rails ;
. monthly.
Mr.' Carnegie’s association with H. C,
Frick — an association: that led to sen-
; sational events—-began in 1882, when he
paid $1,50-0,000 for a half interest in
the coke ovens of Frick & Co. Frick j
had long been known as the “coke king,”
and Carnegie shrewdly recognized his
ability and his Importance to the steel |
industry .of the country.
To make the connection between the
; two concerns still closer. Frick bought
/.' an interest in the Carnegie company,
and then the united- millionaires swept
in their way, taking in ore beds, rail- ;
roads,Jake steamers, water works and
whatever would make their position im¬
pregnable.
When Andrew Carnegie’s brother I
Thomas, who had' been a member of I
the company, died in 1886, Frick took
his place, -and gradually, as Mr. Car- ,
negie desired to spend more time In j
tra'vel and other enjoyments of life,
Frick assumed control of the eiiormous
business. - -
Andrew Carnegie was in Europe, and |i
H. C. Frick was in charge of the Home-
stead works when the riots occurred in I
- 1892, The battles between the members jl
of the Amalgamated. Association and: '
the Pinkertons employed to protect the
property of the Carnegie. Company were,
among the bloodiest in the history of
j labor troubles in this country,
Carnegie and Frick quarreled once in
1884, when, the latter, went to Europe,
and would not return till Carnegie ,
apologized, and again in 19,0.0, when the
; final- rupture" came. The suit which
Frick brought as the result of the last
, disagreement revealed to the public for j
the first time the, enormous profits/' of
the Carnegie company. ’ The net profits
for the year 1899 were $21,000,000.
Yearly profits- were all the way from j:
40 to 100 per cent. It was estimated
then that the value of the property, ,b|
wmim naa neen capitalized for onlv
$25,000,000, was • $500,000,0-00. Thus
wider the hard-headed management of
the weaver’s son .from HunfermUna, the
Bessemer steel plant had grown, into the
largest steel property in the; world.
When in- the formation of the United
States Steel Corporation in 1899 Mr
Carnegie retired, he received $1,500 for
each. $1,000 of his- $86,379,000 of -nock
of which $ 25 iG 0-0,000 was in cash and
the balance ip the bonds of the com¬
pany financing^ the transaction. His
wealth upon his death was estimated
at, $200,000,000.
HIS'KOTA REE GIFTS.
Exactly what amount Mr. Carnegie
had given away in his library scheme
and in charities, can only he conjectured.
It prQfeably-<.approximatCd‘ $150,000,000.
The. Carnegie library in Pittsburg cqst
$3,000,000. Scores of Cities and towns
have been provided with libraries by
him. - always upon the condition that
proper provisions* be made by (be re¬
cipients for their' maintenance'and care.
On© of the most notable gifts was
that to 1 New York, which established
branch' libraries in all parts of the city.
PART OF HIS GIFTS.
An incomplete estimate includes ihe
following: ..
Libraries in the. United States $28,000,000:
Heroes families’ relief fund. 5,0.00,0001
libraries: in foreign countries • 5,000,00.0
Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg 7,852,0001
Polytechnic School, Pitts’g. 2,000,000;
Employes’ pension fund
Pittsburg.... ; 4,0.00,0001
Carnegie institution . 10,000,000 i
Peace temple at The Hague. 1,500,000 !
Allied Engineers’ Societies.. 1,500,0001
Dunfermline endowment..,. 2,500,000'
Scotch universities endow¬
ment . '... 15,000,0001
Gifts,to small colleges. 17,,QQ0,000i
Miscellaneous benefactions in
United States ...,. 1 9,qo0,000!
Miscellaneous benefactions in
Europe.. 2,000,000'
For annuities t« professors.. 10,000,000
Tefal .•.$130,352,000'
Edinburgh, hi.-; native, town of Dun-,
fermiine and several other cities and!
towns of Scot and hays come in for
lai’ge gifts for free libraries and edu¬
cational institutions, free baths, art col¬
lections and other things of utility and
adornment alike.
Perhaps the most singular gift of all '
was that of $10,000,000 in government
bonds for the establishment, of an insti¬
tution for scientific research,Under the
direction at the government in Wash¬
ington, Lesser endowments by Mr. Car¬
negie have been many; as have his gifts
of paintings, church organs and other
objects of ornamentation or practical :
usefulness. *
PITTSBURG INSTITUTE.
He remembered Pittsburg, the scene ;
of bis Steel" making triumphs, by estab- !
lishing there a great.institute, including
the largest of his libraries, a museum, a
magnificent concert hall, and the Car- ;
, negie Technological Schools, with a total
endowment of $16,000,000.
Pie built a great national institution ;
in Washington, which should be the-
fountain head of advanced work , in
“investigation, research- and discovery,.” j
and placed in the hands of its trustees''
a total endowment of some $20,000,000. |
To his native Scotland his largest :
single gift was a fund of $10,000,000 to
aid education in'Scottish universities;
ms HERO COMMISSION.
Pie carried out his pet idea of a her.o
commission, enclosed W 1905 with $5,-
000,000, by which hundreds of man,
women and children have bigen rewarded,
with. Carnegie . medals or .pensions for I,
acts of heroism in the rescue of imper*,;
iled persons. Ho later extended like,
benefactions to several foreign coun- 1
tries.
Pie established the Carnegie Founda¬
tion for the Advancement of Teaching,
with a total fund of $15,tf00;000, which
has taken up efficiency surveys of edu¬
cational work, aided many institutions,
and provided pensions idr college pro¬
fessors. In 1911 he capitalized his edu¬
cational benevolence, so that his gifts,
to libraries, colleges, and other institu¬
tions should liye after him, by estab-.
lishing the Carnegie Corporation with a
fund of $35,000,000
HAGUE PEACE PALACE.
One of his latest .and greatest ideals
was the abolition of war, a, hqpe that ,
he cherished in the face of international
confects. He gave $10,000,000 toward
1 an irrlernational peace fund and built
the Peace. Palace at The Hague,‘which \
was dedicated in 1913. He gave $750,000 j
for the Bureau of American Republics
at Washington,
Bis love of music moved him to equip
hundreds of churches and institutions |
with pipe organs. He x never gave di¬
rectly any large sum to religious pur- '
poses. Of his organ gifts lie said he •
would hold, himse)f responsible fqr what }
the organ pealed forth on the Sabbath,
but not for what might be said in the
pulpit
One of his very earliest gifts, as far
hack as 1891, was the Carnegie Music ;
Hall in New York, at a qost of $2,-
000.000, and as president of the New
York Philharmonic’Society he spent his
money liberally in furthering its ideals.
He also liberally backed the Pittsburg .
Orchestra. .'
To the Allied Engineers Societies he
gave $2,000,000. His small gifts to col¬
leges amounted to some $30,000,000. No
man left at his death such a unique and
such a scattered series of monuments to
• perpetuate his memory.
SECRET OF HIS SUCCESS.
“The secret and method of my suc¬
cess, is simple,’ 15 he said. “I organized
my business into departments. I put
:1m best man I could find a-k the head
of each department, held him responsi¬
ble arid- judged :him by results. I have
started, more ttifin fifty meg on the road
to millionaires.'’
Carnegie's mother, to whom he re¬
peatedly gave credit for all that he was,
lived to be an octogenarian, and so de¬
voted was he to her that he hesitated to
marry. in 1888, however;' he married
Louise Whitefieid, of New York, by
whom h 3 had one child, a daughter.
Margaret, born in 1897. His bride was
twenty years his junior. To her and
her daughter probably remains a largo
fortune, notwithstanding Carnegie’s pub¬
lic gifts.
CARNEGIE AS AUTHOR.
Intermittently, ' Carpegie made ready
Use of his pen. I-Iis interviews with the
newspaper men invariably wound up
with an envious remark, such as “I!
would like nothing better than to be a.
reporter.” 1-Ie wrote a little for the
press in the days of Horace Greeley and,
later owned a paper for a time, Ills.,
.books numbered about a dozen, his irst
being a testimony to his love of coach¬
ing—“An American Four-in-Hand in !
Great Britain” (1883). The next year
he, wrote “Around the World.” Then,
“Triumphant Democracy”—a review of
fifty years of the republic. Upon his
retirement from business in 1901 he
wrote “The. Gospel of Wealth” and fol¬
lowed it with “The Empire of Em:-
ness.” In 1905 he, once an engineer in 1
the factory cellar, wrote “The Life of
James Watt,” the inventor of! the steam
engine. His most recent work was
“Frohlem;. of To-day."
SOME OF IUS UTTERANCES.
His theory on this subject and others
is reflected at random in numerous bits
of epigrammatic phraseology culled from
his interviews, speeches and writings.
“The instinct which led the slave-; ;.
holder to keep his slave in ignorance j.|
was‘a true ope. Educate map- and his;
shackles fall,” he-said.
“Labor, capital and business ability !
are the three legs of a three-legged stool;
neither is first, neither is second, neither
is third ; there is not precedence, all being
equally necessary, He vho would sow
discord among the three is an enemy ]’
to all.”
“The day is earning, bhd already we
see it dawn, in which the man who dies
possessed of millions of available wealth ;
which was free and in his hands ready
to he distributed will die disgraced.”
And along the same line he said:
“Among the saddest of all spectacles to ,
me is that of an elderly man occupying '
his last years grasping for more dol¬
lars.”
Pertaining to .success: ''Immense
porter is acquired hy assuring yourself
in your secret reveries that you were
bavp to control affairs,”
Of the over-working tendency in
America: “J hope Americans will some
ddy find move Time for play, like their.
wiser brethren on tho other side.”
On temperance; ”Ttte first and most-;
seductive peril, and the destroyer of'
moat young men,, is the drinking of liq¬
uor.” (Mr, Carnegie, himself was a total !;
abstainer, and gave }iis employes at.,
Skibo Castle a 10 per cent, advance
"on their wages every year they reported
that they had not touched liquor.)
OFFERS NOT ACCEPTER.
'rhere are twq Carnegie,.“gifts’ 1 , which
ill be generally forgotten, since tlicy -
4re never. accepted. It was reported
rnt his anti-imnenaiism pi'ornpied him..,
> offer $25,00.0,000 to the United States.
! Philippines to the patives for.self-fov-
! eminent.
Rater, whep tine question of '“Whaj
shall wfe'"$' Avitfi our ox-PresMents?’
was .widely discussed, Carnegie's iip ag¬
ination spjvct! the. .problem. He offeree
to' support them'' on w $35’,000 penpior
every year sq long as they Jived, and cU
the same for their widows so long 4 as
tjiey yeinamed unmarried. The proposi
tioii 'was' frowned upon add dropped.
HIS SCOTLAND HOME.
' Skibo Castle, which Mr. Carpegje pur
{. .phased .for his' gcothand home severa
1 years ago,, is one of the.most 4 beaufifu
| old. edifiega in that country of old. am
: beautiful things. • It was built by Gilbert
! Murray, bishop Of IMoray, in il§8. II
: v,-as a famous fortress in those days anc-
: Witligtopd many sieges. Because it was
: shelter' to Japdbitifesi it.;was / dismantled
by Gepjwe II.
Mr. Carnegie paid H.OOQ.OOQ for tin
|*9ftS$J# and its magnificent estate,.which
i has a seh frontage, of twfnty-five-mifes,
i I/fr- Carnegie's N'eAv'Tork restdepce k
; a ^pj^ndid mapsiop at Fifth avenue and
fsiiiptieth .street..He had a lso a hom e at
Greenwich, Conn., and another in Can*
' nes, France. 4
ON POVERTY AND WSAI.XII.
Mr. Carnegie’s opposition to the ac¬
quisition of the Philippines by the United
i States was his most notable dip into live
questions of governmental policy, and
his utterances on fhe subject were the
subject of widespread comment.
!■ In late years Mr. Carnegie appeared
often before the public in addresses at
dinpers'and other occasions, and nearly
'always liis theme was the responsibility
of wealth, with its antithesis, the bless¬
ings of poverty. On one occasion he' said :
Civilization will deteriorate when
less than 999 out of 1,000 are born
poor. All men who have made their
mark in the world have risen from
, the ranks by (heir own efforts and
without the aid of riches,
It is well, especially for the prog¬
ress- of the race, that the houses
of some should be homes for all
that is highest and best ip literature
and the arts, and for alT the refifiev r l
: ments of civilization, rather than
that none should be so. Much better
, this irregularity than universal
s'qualor. i
ME 11'13
SKIBO LAIRD’S
DEATH SHOCKS
S
Associates Mourn Death of Iron
King and Peace Advocate—
Was invalid Three Years,
Although Mr. Carnegie, who was in
bis eighty-fourth year, had been an
invalid since 1917, when .he suffered
i an attack of grip, the news of his
■death was a shock to old friends and
former business associates here. Since
his previous serious illness he had
■ been under the care of two nurses.
; - Identified so long with the 4 interna-
i tional peace movement, Mr. Carnegie
1 was sai, to have been more severely
: affected Hy the. world war than most
j men. It came as a hard blow to him
and the M.auso which he had so close
; at neart.
I owing to his ill health Mb Carnegie s
!', for some time had led a secluded life,
' and his withdrawal from all public ae-
[ tivities gave rise to frequent state--
ments concerning his health. After his I
i retirement he was compelled to limit:
the numbs rof his daily visitors, and
I-.until his lats illness he met and sp'ok:;
with.only a few of his.oldest and Clos- ;
! est friend's. 4 Mr. Carnegie’s .physician,
said he frequently overtaxed his
;■ strength by seeing all . callers;-at-his
Fifth avenue home.
GAVE UP SKIBO LIFE.
i Two years ago Mr. Carnegie found
f a refuge at. Shadow Brook, his pew'
| summer, home at Lenox, , which ' he
I purchased from the estate of Anson
• Phelps .Sto-kes. It wjjs the first coun-
•try place owned here by the former
! steel-master'.'' Previously he,had spent
: his vacations.at Skibo Castle, at Dun¬
fermline, in Scotland. When he pur¬
chased the property it was. an-'
| no/u-n-ced .that neither., he nor any
member of his family probably would
I ever : again visit Skibo because' of
changes, physical; and > sentimental,
caused by the war.
PEOBATE WILD HEBE.
* '
Llihu Root, Jr., soil of former United
! States Senator Root, whose 'father, for 4
ytars has been Mr. Carnegie’s counsel,
expressed his sorrow to clay at news of
the ironmaster’s death and said he
would inform his father, who is at, his
; summer homo in Clinton, N. Y.,
Mr. Root: declined to discuss Mr. Car¬
negie's affairs, other than to say that
lid was a citizen of New York city and
to admit that-his will doubtless would
V>o probated here. He intimated that
i the bashing of Mr.' Carnegie:Avbuld .have "
no effect, upon the future of the Car-
| negie Foundation and similar philan-
'fhropies-established by. him.
AUCli'19
Andrew Carnegie.
The death of Andrew Carnegie draws the veil ;
of eternity over one of the most striking interna-
| tional figures of our time. His career is an inspir- ,
ing illustration of the length of road that a man can
travel in America if he possesses the necessary in-
i 'dustry, energy, vision and determination,
i It was a combination of all these qualities, plus,,
the opportunity that America "affords, that enabled
the poor Scotch boy, who began life as a weaver’s
assistant at a little more than- a dollar a week at
' Alleghany, Pa., in 1848, to win a place among the!
| greatest industrial captains of America in his gen- 1
cration. The United States Steel Corporation is;
| a,monument to the industrial enterprise of Andrew
Carnegie and the financial genius of J. Pierpont
i Morgan. The great corporation with which Car-|
! negie’s name will be forever associated is the largest!
; individual industry in America. It also has become
'the type of American large-scale industrial enter-
j prise. -
Remarkable as are Carnegie’s industrial achieve-
; ments, his philanthropic enterprises are of hardly
. less scope. The Carnegie Institution, with its long !'
i record of scientific research for the enhancement of
, human life and the promotion of human well-being,
} has already proved a powerful stimulus to our civik-
ization. The libraries founded or amplified and im¬
proved by Carnegie’s enlightened generosity have
proved a valuable addition to the country’s resources-
lor mental and spiritual growth. Every New York¬
er has reason to thank the once poor Scotch boy !•
;for his’ gift of $5,200,000 for the establishment of j
branch libraries in the general development of our
public library system. These branch libraries are
beacons of Tight in some of the darkest places of
jthe city.
It would be difficult to estimate the total of
Carnegie's public * charities. The aggregate un¬
doubtedly will mount high into the hundreds of
millions. In, 1901 alone he is said to have given
away no less than $40,000,000.
A rugged personality, typical of the rugged race
from which he sprang, Carnegie possessed in an un¬
usual degree .the human qualities that mark men of;
the first magnitude. He occupied a very large place,;
net only in the eyes, of his countrymen but in the,
'.eyes of the world.
;
MIC i2 ’IS
AUG 13’19
AUG 1319
CARNEGIE DIED
POOR MAN* SAYS
OR, C. F. THING
His Wish to Leave Earth With¬
out Riches Gratified, Asserts
Foundation Secretary.
Andrew Carnegie will be buried..}
Thursday at Sleepy Hollow, Tarrytown,
in a private plot he selected some years
ago, it was announced to-day. There }
will be funeral services at Shadow
Brook, where lie died, at 11 o’clock.
Thursday morning. The body will then !
be placed on a special train and taken
to Sleepy Hollow. There will be no ser-
vices in / ris city. The service at Shadow
Brook and. the funeral -will be'private.
At Boston to-day Dr. Charles F.
Thwing, president of Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, who is secretary
of the Carnegie Foundation for the Ad¬
vancement of Teaching, made the state.-;
■ment that the ironmaster died poor.
“He died poor, as he-said lie wished to
die,” stated Dr. Thwing, “in the sensei
| that he had given away the larger por -1
j tion of his fortune.”'
j This caused considerable' surprise j
j among friends and business, associates*
| of the Laird of Skibo here. Though it
1 was realized he had given away a for- 1
tune running into hundreds of millions, it
was presumed he still retained a large
part of his fortune.
When he retired from business he
practically ceased piling up wealth, ac¬
cording to Dr. Thwing.
“Why v not stop how?” he asked Dr.
Thwing when he retired.
At Shadow Brook Thursday morning, .1
with only the family and a few inti-!
mate friends present, the funeral ser- ,
vices will be conducted by the Rev. Ben- i
son N. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox j
I Congregational Church, and the Rev. i
Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pastor of i
| the Brick Presbyterian Church, this city. }
WILLED PENSION HNI).
j The will of the dead steel king, when:
Sj filed for probate, is expected, to show
; further benefactions to the public. It is-|
ij said he Completed 'his will some years!
f ago, and by its terms, after providing
i for Mrs, Carnegie and his daughter, who |
1 is now Mrs! , Roswell Miller, left the re-
j mainder to various institutions and I
1 charities, but the bulk of . his remaining |
I fortune to the . Carnegie/Foundation, i
{{ which will also receive the reserve fund |
I of $25,000^000-he,set aside "• the in-.
I stiunion at its organization.
Pensions for the. widows {and aged
! employes 6f the Pittsburg division' of the
Pennsylvania railroad, over which he
Was once superintendent, nave also been
i provided for in the will, it is said.
MADE UNKNOWN GIFTS.
Though .the" Carnegie Endowment for
{ National Peace .issued a compilation in f
i Washington showing that up to June 1, J
1918, Carnegie had given away $350,- |
| 095.653. it is known that be "received j
j $41 o.OpO.OOO 1'oF his steel .interests when j
; lie sold out to the United States Steel
; Corporation, and since payment of this
sum was in stock in the -new corpora- j
- tion. excepting for $25,000,00J) in cash, !
: it is known his wealth continued to grow !
; even after he retired and announced he '■
would not strive ,to gath.eiv more wealth !
{j hut would endeavor to give away all he 1
j had acquired. , ,
I The statement of Dr. Thwing is taken, I
g therefore, to indicate that, the iron- i
I master made gifts and endowments of •
I millions that have not yet : become
| known.. __ -
Funeral Service May Be Made
Up of Joint Presbyterian and
Congregational Rituals.
Lenox, Mass;-, Aug. 13.—Doubt as 'to
the religious belief of Andrew Carnegie
. is believed to be one of. the reasons
for the'delay in deciding definitely upon
the funeral services to be held at Shadow
Brook to-morrow, morning.
Reports Connecting Mr. Carnegie with i
this or that church have •'no foundation, {
so far as is known here. Whip he con¬
tributed liberally to various denomina¬
tions he apparently wasnot a member
of any church society. It has been
thought that among his private writings
there would be found after his death
Monday some expression regarding his
funeral.
One who is to take a prominent part
in the service to-morrow said to-day, that
he did not know just what constituted
Mr. Carnegie’s religious belief. If was
thought likely that the service would be 1
an adaption of Ihe Presbyterian and
■Congregational rituals.
WILL CONFER WITH WIDOW.
With the coming of the Rev, Dr.
William Pierson Merrill, pastor of the
Brick Presbyterian Church ,of New York,
due here at 1.30 this afternoon, it was
expected that, the order of- services would
be determined. Upon, after Dr. Merrijl
had had an interview with Mbs. Carnegie.
Mrs. Carnegie is said to be much im¬
proved after- the slight collapse which
followed the death of her husband. If
tentative plans are not upset the organ¬
ist and choir of the Brick/Presbyterian
will take part in the service.
The voluminous writings of Mr. Car¬
negie have .been closely examined with
a view to ascertaining his ideas of the
future life, and it was pointed out to-day
that while there was no definite ex- I
pres3ioil of his attitude toward organized
religious work, it was blade plain that ’
he believed'implicitly in a higher world.
In this conneetion there was quoted the
tribute,he paid to the country church in
his book “The Gospel of Wealth.” The
writer said the millionaire made good use
of liis money when he replaced an ugly
country church structure with a noble
specimen, of' architecture, built, as the !
pyramids, to stand for generations.
He described the church as embracing
an “enchanted realm which lay afar
{ from the material and prosaic.
“Once within its massive circle its den-
! izens live there ah inner life more pre-
I cious than the external, and all their
! ways are hallowed by the radiance which ;
shines ■ from afar upon this inner- life,
glorifying everything and keeping all
1 right within.” . , ;
CRYPT IS PREPARED.
The body will he conveyed to the
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery by automobile
hearse, not by train, from Lenox, ac¬
cording to word reefeived to-day by the
cemetery officials. The body is due to
arrive Friday morning.
The Carnegie plot is the largest and I
costliest in; the cemetery. It overlooks 1
the Hudson and contains’ 18,000 square I
feet, studded with pine trees and covered
/wRh shr ubber y.
The Pocanlico river flows nlorvwUhe.,
east side of the plot, while a short dis¬
tance away is the mauso.eum of Wi.-iam i
Rockefeller and the plot of John D. 1
Rockefeller. Nine, hundred feet from
the Carnefeie plot lies : the body of Wash¬
ington Irving.-
The. Carnegie plot was bought three
years ago by Mrs? Carnegie and her
daughter, A crypt of reinforced con¬
crete with hollow tiles was built at a
cost of $40,000. It contains space for
| but two bodies.
Carnegie’s Epitaph
Writ ten by Himself
Andrew Carnegie , it is said, wrote
his own epitaph. It' will he en¬
graved on his monument. Here
it is: ■
“Here lies a man who knew
liow to enlist in his service better
men than himself.”
AUC14 '19
funeral service
OF MR. CARNEGIE
WITHOUT EULOGY
Wo Pallbearers—Many of Iron¬
master’s Former Associates
Pr-asent,
j Lenox, Mass., Aug. 14.-—The fune¬
ral of Andrew Carnegie was held to¬
day at Shadbwbrook, his summer,
home in the Berkshires. There was
no eulogy, and there were no pall¬
bearers.
The service was as simple as were
the tastes and habits of the man in
life. Fully one-half of the sixty per¬
sons present were members of the
household. The others were intimate >
friends of the family.
The Presbyterian church service
was used by the officiating clergy-
■ man, Dr. William Pierson Merrill, of
the Brick Presbyterian Church, Fifth
avenue, New York, which the Carne-
gies attended, and of which Mrs. Car¬
negie and her daughter, Mrs. Ros¬
well Miller, are members.
HIS HAPPIEST HAY.
The day upon which his daughter
Margaret united with this church was
declared -by Mr. Carnegie to be the j
“happiest day-of his life/’ and Dr. j
Merrill has said that with advancing,
years Mix Carnegie gave evidence of
increasing interest in the society.
A mixed quartet from this church
sang the three hymns which have
been the favorites of the ironmaster.
Dr. Merrill was assisted by Rev. Ben¬
son N. Wyman, pastor of the , Lenox
Congregational Church, where Mrs.
Carnegie frequently worshiped in the
summer months.
At the conclusion iof the service,
which occupied barely twenty min¬
utes, the body, accompanied by most
of th# party, was taken in a motor
car to Hillsdale, N. Y., vtiere a
funeral coach was in waiting.
BURIAL AT SLEEPY HOLLOW.
This car was attached to the regu- P
la.r train of the New York Central
leaving at 1.11 o’clock this afternoon
for Tarrytown. Thence the body
was taken by automobile to Sleepy ; ,
Holow for interment in a plot chosen ?
by Mr. Carnegie some years ago.
The service at Shad ,w Brook was \
held in the great reception room on :
the first floor at the east end of the;
mansion overlooking Lake Man- f
keenac, one of ithe beauty spots of
the wonderful estate where Mr, Car¬
negie had spent many happy hours
at his favorite pastime — angling.
The body reposed in a severely
plain casket placed in the center of !\
the room and all but hidden in a
wealth of flora' pieces. The mahog¬
any of the casket .was covered with
AUC1519
I heavy black broadcloth. A small
name plate of silver bore only the
inscription “Andrew Carnegie, born
at Dunfermline, Scotland, November
2 d, 1835. Died Denox, Mass.. Au¬
gust 11, 1919.”
THE MOURNERS ASSEMBLE.
Just before 10.30 o’clock, the hour
set for the funeral, those who were
to hear the last rites entered the
room and grouped themselves about'
the casket.
With Mrs. Carnegie and her daugh¬
ter, Mrs. RoswellJYfiller, who were in
conventional . mourning, were the
; daughter’s husband, Ensign Miller;
Mrs. Morris Johnson, a niece of Mr.
Carnegie; his nephews, Andrew and
: Morris Carnegie; Mrs. Carnegie’s pri¬
vate secretary, Archibald Barrow,,
and John Poynton, who had long'
.. served the master of the house In a
similar capacity.
Next-in the circlei were notable repre¬
sentatives of those who had helped Mr.
Carnegie to make his millions and
others who had helped him distribute
the major part of those millions for
philanthropic purposes.
NOTABLE MEN PRESENT.
Among these were Charles M. Schwab,
':!, or >ce president of the Carnegie Steel
| Company; Robert A. Franks, business
j adviser of the ironmaster for many
j years, treasurer of the Carnegie. Cor- ;
-! Poration and of the Carnegie Foundation i
! the Advancement of Teaching; Rev. I
I Frederick H. Lynch, who represented )
? the Carnegie Peace Foundation at the
.Peace conference at Paris, and Oliver
Riclcetson.
j Others intimately associated with the
; family were Mrs. Henry Phipps, Wife
{ of Mr * Carnegie’s old partner in the
j steel business, and her son Howard ; Dr.
j li. S. Woodward, president' 1 of the Car-
| negie Institution at Washington; Elihu
Root, Jr., representing his father in the
! mat tel* of the Carnegie endowment for j
! international peace; James C. Green-
! way and wife and Arthur C. Hammer-
schlag, director of the Carnegie Insti-
| tUte at Pittsburg.
j Seated near these were all those of
the household who had ministered to the
‘ -home comforts of the master of the
1 house. Many of these had been long in '
: the employ of the family.
THE FUNERAL SERVICE.
The clergymen, wearing gowns, stood
i at the head of the casket, and back of V
them were the members, of the quartet
directed by Clarence Dickinson, organist
;of the Brick Presbyterian Church. The
singers were Miss Rose Bryant, Miss
Marie Stoddardt, Frank Croxton and
"Grant Kimball.
The service opened with the singing
of "O, Love That Will Not Let Me Go.”
jRev. Mr. Wyman recited two service
'prayers arid followed these with the
Lord’s Prayer. The quartet then sang
!“He Leadeth Me.”
j Dr. Merrill read ,the passages ap¬
pointed from the Psalms and the service
(dosed with singing of “Crossing the
: Bax*.” As the voices of the singers died
away the benediction was pronounced
, by Dr. Mei*rill.
Rain fell heavily throughout the
morning, but shortly before the funeral
hour the skies gave signs of clearing.
A death mask of Mr. Carnegie was
said to have been taken last night by
Augustus Lukeman, of New York, but
; members of the household declined to
give any information on the matter. |
Mrs.'
gie’s Love of Giving
Inherited by His Daughter!
Roswell Miller a Plain, Democratic American jj
Girl, Unspoiled by Great Wealth—Loves
Animals and Sports.
One of the richest women, in Amer¬
ica is tjie twenty .-two-year-old bride;
of a few months—Margaret Carnegie
j Miller,.only child of the dead financier,
Andrew Carnegie, .Laii’d of Skibo.
j Long ago the steel magnate
] he intended to die a poor man.
j said to leave an inheritance- would be
| a curse, upon an offspring. That wa.
.(before little Margaret was part of his
^ reckonings. Still, even when the' little
girl ran about the wonderful Scottish
I estate,' and through the halls of the
Fifth avenue home of her father, he
j consistently followed that, theory,
j From ! the day Mr v Carnegie began
j systematically to give away to phil¬
anthropic causes- the millions he had
acquired, the inheritance of the plant,
quiet little gix*l began to grow less.
Ip.' spite of -That, in spite of the fact
that his fortune dwindled by about
By GE?NE LA MOTTE.
That same reserved manner never
changed. Tin greatest delight she had
•when a 'child was with' her pets. Slfe
owned . animals . of every kind from
white mice to ah elephant, Which she
begged her father to buy,-and then
later presented - to the' Central Park
Zoo.
LIKED ANIMALS.
Although the pigeons, rabbits and
birds all appealed to her, the larger
animals were the ones she enjoyed
the most. m
In school days, the debutante’s days,
and during; the days of romance and
ooing, the. world has known little of'
the heiress'. When she married, the
question, as to who the bridegroom
i*ah around the world. Social
climbers gasped. Society marveled,
but there was nothing but commenda¬
tion for Ihe girl they knew so little
$350,000,009, when he died he left his of . beoapse of ' her democratic nat-
(daughter a very rich woman. uraMldgs.
But after, all, it probably won’t ' marries naval man.
make the difference to her that her
vfatiier.feared .whe;i he rnadQ the state¬
ment. What he dreaded was the harm
j money might .do to an offspring. With
Margaret Miller * there is no fear.
(Plain, both in life and desires, the
good the Carnegie money would have
done will in no way . glow less. That
is the thought luSid by all -who know
f her. ,
■ ; Margaret was but a little girl when
she was first introduced to London.
Just a little past here babyhood days.
All London praised the quiet, demure
little American girl.
A London paper-in printing a long
story of the child, said: “The demure
and retiring daughter of the million¬
aire philanthropist seems to. take after
her mother. Like the latter, she is
reticent and bashful. She. has the
The n.an she mania* m*. • an unfin¬
ished college man who enlisted in the
service of his country. He was En-
sigt Roswell Miller, C. S, N. Ho was
the son of a western railroad man,
who when' he died left his son a for¬
tune,,.; and also an inherifahee of good
horse sense. It was. not kppWm till 1
later, when curiosity j prompted in - !
vestigatiou’ that after all,there was a!
real, thread 1 of romance connected with j
the marriage. 1 i
His sister was a schoolmate of Mar- I
Igaret Carnegie’s, and it was through i
a party being given by Miss Miller -in
her New; York home that the couple
met. As the - quiet: little love affair
grew* more and more.serious, investi¬
gation disclosed the fact : that the
young man’s father and Andrew Car-
,, „ ™” li, ne gie had been friends' during, the | j’l
h . .. 0f an 1ie Poor”
I Unfulfilled-.Wife with Him at
■ End,
.LENOX. Mass., Aug. tl.—Andrew
Carnegie, the world’s greatest philan¬
thropist, is dead. /
! The aged steel baron, whose Denefac-
i tions totalled: more, than $300,000,000,
sifccumbed to bronchial pneumonia, at
j bis summer home here this morning.
A statement issued' by attending phys-,
ici an,s’merely said:
“Andrew, Carnegie died shortly after
7 o’clock-this morning.”
Mrs. Carnegie sand John Poynton, a
{ private secretary, were at the, .bedside
; when the end-came. -
Carnegie had been seriously ill only
since last Friday. His- condition be¬
came -critical late yesterday, it is un¬
derstood.
Funeral' arrangements have hot yet
been announced, bub it is believed the
body will be sent to Pittsburg for
burial. “
Mr. Carnegie, early in his career as a
financial leader, expressed the firm
. conviction tKat it was “a sin. to die
rich.” He kotight through his count-!
less gifts to avoid this self-designated
1 “sin.” His income was so great, how-
! ever, that it is believed he was able
J to mak® but little impression upon his
J wealth.
Mr. Carnegie had been incapacitated
; for- several years. During the early
j part of the war, which came as a ter-
I rifle shock to him and shattered Sis
; ideals, he began to fail rapidly and
j (hereafter appeared very seldom in pub¬
lic, He was under almost constant
. ' care of physicians and from time to
time it was ; reported that he was to*
j tally incapacitated.
j At the time of his daughter’s mar-
j riege recently to Ensign Roswell Miller,
I u. S. X.. it was reported that the aged
philanthropist was somewhat better. !
He Attended the ceremony, but was :
very feeble. Sipee that time he had
< been able (o move about with numerous
attendants. Recently it was- given out
that he; enjoyed a successful fishing trip,
but it- was explained that his attend¬
ants were with him constantly, baiting
t his hook and assisting" him in every
way.
Due to his enfeebled condition. Car-,
negie had taken practically no part in
j, any public affairs of any kind since
J 1915.
Probably World’s Richest Accu^
mulator and Spender of Wealth.
Andrew Carnegie, probably the quick¬
est accumulator of wealth and fastest
! spender in the history of the world, was
a remarkable Scotchman and world citi- j
sen in so many ways that the chronicle
i of his words and deeds makes a large
library in itself.
Builder of the first great American
trust, this short, stocky, bearded, Scot
twisted the world of commerce industry
and fmanc4,.around his little finger until
j he grew tired of it and started out to
give away the huge fortune he had
gathered.
would get that mountain of money,
f He went home that night and talked
•.'it over with,his mother. They decided
|.to mortgage the house to get the cash.
Of the first one per pent.' dividend check
which came to,him from lifts stock, Mr.
| Carnegie in latertyears said:
1 “The next day., being Sunday we took
our usual afternoon stroll into the coun¬
try and, sitting , down in the woods, I .
[showed this check, saying- .
! “Eurqka, we have found it.”
j “Here was something .new to us, for
[ none of us had' ever received anything
; but from toil. , ,**A return from capital
, was something strangd and new,.”
“ Meantime young Carnegie became s,o
proficient that fie was a picked-man
; among train .dispatchers. He was re-
i-markable \ for his speed and labor-sav-
i ing methods and innovations.
[ Colonel Scott, Superintendent of the
Western Hivision; choSe him for his
I private secretary, and when' Scott be-
• carne victhpresident of the road, Mr.
! Carnegie Was made : Division Superin- '
i tendent at the princely salary of $50 a
j month. , ; .'*'■■■ . >
j It was. on an inspection trip in this
! capacity that Mr. Carnegie encounter-
j ed T. T. JVoodrnIf, inventor of the
[sleeping car.
Becomes Interested in Sleeping-
Car Invention.
Mr. Carnegie became interested in. the
invention and, enthusiastically tried to
interest r S Pott.^ btit^wa.w repulsed. Then,
b offered a share in. the manufacturing
company,’! he accepted, borrowing the
necessary $2,11.50 from ,a local banker. -j
He paid back this money from stock
dividends,[ and wiiliin a short time was
making, a' great. deal, of money.
“Thus did I get my foot upon For¬
tune’s ladder,” said Mr.'Carnegie. “It
was easy to' climb' after that.”
By this time Air. Carnegie had rcacli-
! ed the year 1861 and the Civil War
; broke out.- Scott was made an assist¬
ant Secretary of War and immediately
[drafted Mr. Carnegie to take charge
I of military roads and telegraph lines.
i It was in this, capacity that Mr. Car¬
negie, while freeing the . tracks into
Washington from obstructing wires,
gained Ijie distinction of being the third 1
man wounded in 1 the war on the Union
side. He also saw active service at
Bull Run, His.health broke down aft¬
er the war and he was forced to take
a long rest. •
| Recovering, he ran a, shoestring into
a film for manufacturing steel bridges
for railroads,., having becotge convinced
j that wood made poor bridges. • He bor¬
rowed $1,250 from a Pittsburg banker
and' organized the Keystone Bridge
Works. He introduced the Bessemer
process of making steel into this coun¬
try in 1868.
He was principal owner a few years
later -of the Homestead and Edgar!
Thomson Steel -Works and other large!
plants, as well of the Carnegie. Phipps
& Co. and Carnegie Bros. & Co.
Mr. Carnegie consolidated his inter¬
ests in J889' in the so-called billion-dob '
Tar Steel Trust the Carnegie Steel
Company. This in 1901 was -merged
with the .United States S'teel Corpora¬
tion.
Mr. (Tarne^ie closed this part of his
life by retiring from business.
Dating from his retirement. Carnegie
began a chapter of speeehmaking. srlobo-
trotting and niillion-dollar giftrgiving,
which lasted till his death.
He flooded America and England with
libraries, and other institutions. I-Us
benefactions extended to nracticallv
every eivilized country in the world. ■
His writings were translated into eight
j different languages.
His benefactions included 894 000.000'
to the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburg;
85.10)1.(100 to New York City' for the
establishment of branch libraries: $22.-
: 000,000 to the Carnegie Institution of
Washington. P C.* 810.000 000 to
Scotch universities: $5,000,0Q0 to a
fond for tbe benefit of the employees
of the Carnegie Steel Comnam>; 81.-
000,000 to the St Uouis Public Li- ,
brary. and $5,000,000 to the Uaruegie '
Hero Fund Commission of Pittsburg..
Gave $1,500,000 for Peace Temple
at the, Hagt&e.
He also gave $1,500,000 to the Car¬
negie Dunfermline Trust: $1,500,000 for
the Peace Temple at The Hague, and
$1,500,000 to the Allied Engineers’ So
' cfety.
[ Air. Carnegie’s benefactions, totalled y
mol:e than $300,000,000, which was the
size of his fortune in 1913. This
enormous amount included more than
$60,000,000 to 3,000 Municipal Library
Buildings, also the building and grounds
for the Pan-American Uunion Bulirling,
at; Washington, in 1906 and $16,150,-
000 fo r the foundation for the davance-!
ment of taching in the United States,
Canada and Newfoundland.
The steel baron was life trustee of tlje
Oatnegie Corporation of New York,, a
I $125,000,000 foundation to carry on
‘various works in which he had been en-
i [gaged.
| f Mr. Carnegie was an honorary mem-
I Her of the American Institute of Archi¬
tects^ a member of the Executive Com¬
mittee of the National Civic Federation,
member of the American of the Ameri¬
can Philosophers Society, Chamber of
Commerce of New York, Commander of
the Legion f Honor of France in 1907,
holder of the Grand Cross of the Qredr
of Organe, Nassau, and of the Grand
Cross of the Order of Danebrog.
., He Was Lord Rector of St. Andrew’s
University from 1903 to 1907, from
which he received the degree of LL.D.
in 1905. He was Lord Rector of Aber¬
deen University from 1912 to 1914. He
received the degree from Allegheny Col¬
lege, Pennsylavnia, in 1915.
He received the Freedom of fifty-three j
cities in GreaUBritain and Ireland. He
was a life member of the Lotos. 'St.
Andrew’s. • riding and Indian Harbor
Yacht clubs.
Mr. Carnegie married Louise Whit¬
field of New York City in 1887.
j The career of Andrew Carnegie is a
• story of money-making for the most
i part, for it was easy for him to gather
riches from the moment he first set foot
o» tines© shores.
He was horn in Dunfermline, Fife-
.shire, Scotland. Nov, 25, 1835,
of jj landed with his father and mother '
,oo this continent. They were poor inn
■migrants, They made their way to,
Pittsburg, Tiie boy got a job as bobbin!
.tender's assistant in an, Allegheny City,'
i“Pa„ cotton mill. His pay was $1.25* aj
[ week.
Later, for twenty-five years, . that
same boy controlled the steel industryi
of this country, employed 50,000 mem
i controlled seven immense irteel works,
“core of finishing mills, owned two rail¬
roads, gas and coke companies, iron
I mines, docks, fleets of ships and other
things.
Mr. Carnegie’s father was the master
weaver of Dunfermline. The invention
of machinery driven by steam drove
them out of the industry and into this
It was in 1848 that the yoitng Scot
country.
Interested in th,e monster which had
brought bad luck to his family, young
Apdy started out .to. study . its steam
and iron make-up.
j Later in life Mr. Carnegie said:
; ”1 have just awakened from a. dream
jin which I saw a white-haired Scotch j
laddie in a blue jacket, walking with his i
'father into a Pittsburg telegraph office !.
to apply for a position as messenger boy.
“If you waM an idea of heaven on
j earth, imagine what it was to be taken
from a dark cellar, where I fired the
holler from morning until night, and
I dropped into the office where light shone
from all sides, and around roe books,
papers and pencils in profusion, and
ph. the tick of those mysterious brass
instruments on the desk, annihilating
space and standing with throbbing
spirits ready to convey the intelligence
to the world. This was my first glimpse
of Paradise,”
Shortly after that Mr, Carnegie’s
father dier, leaving him a boy of 14,
the sole support of a mother and young
brother. He was undaunted by the
task, He worked hard to learn tele¬
graphy and soon Was earning the prince-
ly sum of $25 a month. Some months
he did a little better by copying news
reports for a paper,
AUG 11 '19
ANDREW CARNEGIE
'__ ■ j
The death of Andrew Carnegie will
not produce: airy such impression on
the public mind as would have fol-
the war broke out, five years ago, Mr.
j Carnegie was the foremost advocate
of peace in, the world. He had done
more than any other person to insure
arbitration in international quarrels.
The Temple of Peace at The Hague j
erected by him was only Symbolic
! of the movement to which he had
I largely devoted his time and money.
It is quite safe to say that never
! before in the whole of human
history had any one done so much
to avert from' the world the losses
and horrors of war. Had he died,
i therefore, before the war broke out,
his demise would have been looked
upon as equivalent to the removal
of a great assurance for the preserva¬
tion of peace.
It would have been impossible to
convince the average man, under such
j circumstances, that Mr. Carnegie had
been fooled right along by the
German Emperor, and that instead of
j having averted war he had only helped
to render it more dreadful when it
arrived. As the typical pacifist of the
world, he was the chief dupe of the j
German militarists. Had it not been
for him, with his vast, resources,
working to convince other nations,
and especially the United .States, that
the day of war was over, it would
have been much more difficult for the
Kaiser to mature his far-reaching con¬
spiracy.
There have been few cases in which
honesty of ‘purpose, benevolence of
design and complete devotion to a
noble ideal were so thoroughly sub¬
verted to the ends of a bloody and
infamous ambition as was the case
in the Kaiser’s dealings with the peace, I
propaganda of Andrew Carnegie.
From this point of view it must be,
said that the life of Andrew Carnegie
was a failure, and that his example is
to be kept in mind rather as a warn¬
ing than as an encouragement. What¬
ever else the lovers of peace may do
hereafter, they will not, we may be
gure, commit the folly of Carnegie and
iallow themselves to be hoodwinked
by the devotees of autocracy.
It would, however, be a great mis¬
take to speak of the deceased philan¬
thropist only ,in this relation. His
real importance is to he found in
what he did quite apart from the
diplomatic or military arena. The
honor cannot be taken from him of
having more fully than any previous
Txjssessor of great wealth recognized
rthe obligation of wealth to the com¬
munity. That his money was to be
used in subordination to the moral
law and for the good ot his fellow-
srnen, as distinguished from any notion
of mere self-satisfaction, was the de¬
claration which first of all directed
attention to Mr. Carnegie as an ex¬
ceptional man. There.had before his
time been many expressions of feeling
by rich men that they ought to be
helpful to their less fortunate fellow - 1
mien, but of the broad doctrine laid
down by Carnegie there had been no
^adequate recognition in any highly in¬
fluential quarter.
It would perhaps be somewhat mis¬
leading to say that his declaration of ;
stewardship in the matter of wealth
was new. It is certainly not mis¬
leading to say that it had never been
quite so vigorously announced by a
person capable of proving his faith by
^his deeds, and that however it may
'have been with other professors of
^elf-denial, there was no room for
, Wcmbt in hia ease. Think what we
may Of any of Carnegie’s theories,
the broad fact remains unquestionable
that he was more emphatically than
J any man of whom we have record
the representative of the modern con¬
ception of the rich man’s duty to the
toiling multitude. •
In this sense Carnegie was not only r
a true ,leader, but he was the greatest
of leaders. Others have nearly
equaled him within the past decade,
and many, it is to.,be hoped, will sur-
pass him in the years to come, but
what admits of no question is that in
this noble form of action he was the
greatest of his generation. Time
will render not a few of his
well-intended projects, obsolete, but no
time can conceivably rob him of the
distinction of having set his* heart
wholly to the work of using his great
j Possessions entirely for the good of
his fellow-men. In all the annals ©f
I Philanthropy, therefore, there is no
| name more worthy to-be held in ever¬
lasting honor than that of Andrew
Carnegie.
AUG 11 ’18
AUG 12’IS
"^cy
WILSON SENDS
HIS SYMPATHY
Mr* Carnegie’s Death a
I Serious Loss to Forces
o! Humanity, He Says!
WASHINGTON,, Aug. 12—President.
Wilson to-day sent a telegram of con-
' dolence to Mrs. Andrew Carnegie. 'The
: message was:
“May I not express my deep sym-
‘' pathy at the loss of four distinguished
.husband? His death constitutes a very
■serious loss to the forces of humanity;
and enlightened public service an{l: takes:
out of the world a force which it could
ill afford . to spare.’’
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 12—The body
of Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate who
died here yesterday, will be taken to
Sleepy Hollow, Tarrytown, N, Y., for
burial, it was announced at the Car¬
negie home' here to-day.
It was also stated there will be no
: funeral services in New York. At. the
v-sande .time it was learned that the Rev.
Benson X. Wyman, pastor of the Lenox
Congregational Church, and Rev. Dr.
I Wm. Merrill, pastor of the Brick Pres-
i byterian ■ "Church, New York, will ofTi-
] eiate at a private funeral, service to be
I held, Thursday morning at Shady
Brook.
Mrs. Carnegie was prostrated to-day
as a result of her bereavement, and
j from the vigil she maintained at the
I bedside until her husband expired. Only
; her daughter, Mrs. Roswill Miller and
] the latter’s husband have, been admitted
I to ner presence. ■ * ' .
\
AUC12’IS
DISCUSSING CARNEGIE.
It is evident from the newspaper
comment on the career of Andrew
Carnegie that opinions differ very
widely as to the wisdom with which
he carried on his philanthropic work.
While there is nothing but admiration
i for the motives by which he was
‘controlled, there is a distinct doubt of
I the desirability of some of his bene¬
factions. Thus it is not by any means
clear to many of the editors that the
comprehensive library scheme has
( been productive of more .good than
5 mischief. Carnegie’s notion that it
was not so important what people
i read as to get them into the reading
habit is decidedly dissented from.
.That there may be dissipation in
! reading as well as in liquor is one of
j the points urged by the adverse com-
■ mentators, and this the more so when
the mere unsystematized use of cur¬
rent literature is compared with the
good results to be obtained by the
student who confines himself to the
few text books needed for self-educa¬
tion. There is also Skepticism in
regard to some aspects of Mr. Car- j
negie’s educational plans. That it is
something gained for society to have,
the number of college students multi¬
plied is treated as a question upon
which intelligent men will differ.
Broadly, too, there is exception
taken to the doctrine that free gifts
j can be made to do the work of
I self-help in the social sphere, as illus¬
trated by the extremely liberal assist¬
ance given by Mr. Carnegie to the
i working people of Dunfermline. «It is,
even maintained by some of the critics I
that the.net effect of the Dunfermline
experiment has been to multiply the
number of men and women who are
disinclined to take disagreeable em¬
ployments. There has, it is said, been
' something gained for refinement, but
that it has not been offset by a loss on
! the side of honest vigor is not certain.
T&ese various objections and sug-
• gestions, however, are interesting as-
showing how difficult it is to please,
everybody, even if they do not prove
anything against the soundness of the
philanthropist’s judgment. The more:
these and similar matters are studied,•
the more evident it becomes that the
friends of humanity are not yet within
sight of any system of general'charity
to which exception may not with much
show of reason be taken.
What must therefore be held to be
the all-sufficient justification for any
iform of philanthropic Work is that it
offends no moral principle and is ap¬
proved by the personal experience of
the man doing it. Were, we to press
any more severe test there would be
danger of discouraging the spirit of
benevolence which it Is of great im¬
portance to stimulate by every proper
means.
Err as men like Carnegie may in
some of their well-meant designs for
the good of their fellow-men, they are
at least entitled to praise for the
nobility of their purposes. By no art
of sophistry or misrepresentation can
A such men ever be taken out of the
category of the world’s leaders away
from selfishness toward the shining
heights of enlightened generosity.
special train of one car was waiting
to bear it to Sleepy Hollow, a short
distance from Tarrytown, New York.
Mr. Carnegie’s funeral this morning
was . simple. There were about forty;
persons at . Shadow Brook when Dr. 1
jWm. Pierson Merrill, pastor of the I
Brick Presbyterian Church, New York,;
began the services.
j Charles M. Schwab, head of the Beth¬
lehem Steel Corporation, shortly after
the, services, said:
| “We were the closest of friends and
l[ can hardly believe he has gone.’’
! Mrs. Carnegie will not return to
Shadow Brook, it was said at the Car¬
negie residence, but will go to New]
[York City after the burial at Sleepy]
ollow—Andrew Carnegie’s last rest-1
g place.
AUG 1418
One of tthb last letters written by;
the late Andrew Carnegie in which he]
expressed his satisfaction at the ma¬
terialization of the League of Nations,
was one received by Charles C. .Jannes,
a broker of this city, dated Aug. 6,
the steel king writing:
“I rejoice in having lived to see the j
;day when as Burns puts it, ‘man to
] man the world o’er shall brothers be ]
[and a’ that.’ I believe this happy con-
j dition is assured by the League ofNa-
tions and that civilization will now j
march steadily onward, with no more ]
igreat wars to mar its progress.”
AUC 15’13
j Andrew Carnegie has left this world,
perhaps poor in this world’s goods; but;
he left it rich in the gratitude which!
; the English-speaking peoples have for
i the good he has done with the large
[ means placed at his command. And
] that’s a wealth which, doubt not. whl
pass muster at Heaven’s gate.—Elmira
[Star-Gazette.
AUC 14’19
SIMPLE SERVICE
FOR CARNEGIE
Body Is Borne Through
Berkshires to Funeral
Train.
LENOX, Mass., Aug. 14.—The body!
of Andrew Carnegie was borne througli
[the Berkshire Hills he loved so well
for the last time to-day.
Banked high with flowers his coffin
[was taken over the mountains of Mass-
jachusetts and into Hillsdale, where a
-—-■-
MIC 28 ’19
CARNEGIE WILL FILED,
LEAVES $30,000,000
Wife Provided for During Lifetime-
Annuity for LIoyd-George.
The will of Andrew Carnegie, filed for
probate at noon'to-day. in the Surro¬
gate’s Court, Manhattan, disposes of
an estate,., estimated at -between $23,.
000,000 and $30,000,000.
In a statement issued simultaneously
with ; the probating of the wall Eliliii
Rolilot. Jr., member of the law firm
that acted for Carnegie, said that dur.
ing his lifetime the philanthropist:,
made .gifts tb charity aggregating
$350,000,000. '
Financial provision for Mrs. Carnegie
and her daughter. Mrs. Roswell Miller
was made during Carnegie’s lifetime.
With regard to Mrs. Carnegie the wili
says: -, * ■ _.
; “Having years ago made provision
for mv wife beyond her desires and
'ample to enable her 'to provide for oiir
I beloved daughter. Margaret, and being
|unable to judge at. present what pro-
1 vision..for our daughter- will best pro-
jinote her happimfssf 1 1; leave ; to her
.mother the duty of providing for her as
her mother...de^nh* r jbp&G A. moDher’a
love will be the. best guide.”
The fourth article"in the will contains
many legacies, among which are be¬
quests to charitable/instituti'ons.
The following article provides for bo
quests to relatives and fiends. A mini-:
' ties of $10,000 each are given,to Will-'
lain Howard Taft and Dfi|ld Lloyd-
George, and annuities of $5,0<$0 each
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt and, Mrs.
Grover Cleveland.
The fourth and fifth articles, Elihu
Root, Jr., said were written in Mr. Car¬
negie’s own handwriting..
No mention is made n the will of
the amount of the estate nvested in the
United States Steel Corporation.
The sum of $200,000 is left to the
Universit yof Pittsburg.
Other bequests made in the will were:
Cooper Union of New York, $60,000,
making Carnegie’s total gifts to that .in¬
stitution $750,000.
Relief fund of the Authors’. Club of
New York, $200,000. -
Hampton Institute, Virginia, $300,-
000 .
Stevens Institute. Hoboken, $100,000,
“to improve my original gift.”
St. Andrew’s Society.,- Now York,
$ 100 , 000 . *
In addition .to,_tfH!, ; instkutions ,named,
bequests are made.as follows:
Robert A. Franks, his secretary, the;
house and grounds- now occupied by him
at LLewellyn Park. N. J. '■
Mrs. L, M, Morris, his cousin, and
upon her death to her two daughters,
the house and property in which they
live.
George Irvine, a butler, a pension
equal to half his salary.
Mrs. Nicol, a housekeeper; Nannie
Lockerbie, a purge, and Maggie Ander¬
son, a servant, a pension equal to half
their present earnings.
Shiho Servants Called. “Fine Peo¬
ple,” Given Bequests.
All household servants of 1 fo,fir years’
service. $600 each: of eight years’ serv¬
ice, $1,200: fifteen years’ service. $2,000
For servants and retainers at Skibo,
.sums ranging from $j ,<>()(.) to $2,000.
To each laborer at -Skibo, sums rang¬
ing from $50 to $100.
Two years’ rental to every crofter at
iSkibo.
"We are blessed with fine “people upon
the Skibo estate,” the,wiil states.
' Other annuities were fixed as follows:
To each nephew andmeice.-ii married,
$10,000; if unmarried,nephews, $5,000..
“To nly dear sister-in-law. Stella,
with love, $10,000. i
“To my dear brother-in-law, Harry,
or his wife, Mrs. Whitfield, '$10,000.
To my cousins. Miss Magie Lauder,
Miss Anna Lauder arid Mrs. George,
all of Dunfermline, each $5,000.
“To Alexander King, of his wife suc¬
ceeding. $5,000.” ,
Annuities of $10,000 are fixed for
■"ig-nry S. ; Pritchard, professor of the.
gie pension fund: James Bertra^ff!
LorS^Marley London; Claude S. Car*
negie,’^Devonshire.
An annuity ■ of $20,000. in addition to
another bequest, is given to Robert A
Franks.
An annuity of $3,000 is given to Mr.
Tuttle, secretary of the Oratorio Socie¬
ty of New York,
To the following persons $5,000 each:
George King, S. H. Chufch, Pittsbur;.
W. J, Holland, Mr. Hammerslaig, Miss
West, of Carnegie School; Ddugla:
Stewart, Mr. Beatty, William‘Frew,
Mr; Wilmot, of the Cernegie Hero
Fund, Pittsburg; Mrs. D. A. Stewart,!
Pittsburg; Walter Damroch, of the New
York Symphony Orchestra? Dr. Joseph
Garmany, Miss Margaret B. Wilson,'
New York; George. W. Cable, North¬
ampton, Mass.; Mr. Woodward, Presi¬
dent of Carnegie Foundation.
Homer . York; Mr?.
James R. Wilson, Pittsburg: Thomas ■.
Burt, M. P.; John Wilson, John Burns,
Sir Swire Smith. Hew Morrisbp, Edin¬
burgh; Mr. Mardie, Facjtor, at .Skibo,:
and Mr. Pynton. Carnegie's shevetar^’
AUG 2J *19
I U. S. TO GET $7,000,000 OF
CARNEGIE ESTATE IN TAX
It is estimated by Government ex- !
perts that, if the final appraisal of
Andrew Carnegie’s estate is at $30,«
the Federal treasury will re¬
ceive almost $7,000,000, The execu¬
tors will be required to pay an in¬
heritance tax o tfhat amount.
No beneficiary will be subject’ /to j
anaccounting or reequired to pay
anything Into the State or Federal
treasuries, so far as transfer or in¬
heritance requirements are con¬
cerned.
Bequests will be subject to stipu¬
lated incomi taxes. These will thus
upon the executors, -
if all i
/sue 23 IS 7X
I HOW THE MONEY WAS MADE.
The iron trade, the oil trade, the
telephone, the electric light and the
railroads are the forms out of which
the multi-millionaires of our age have
emerged. The wealth of the world, it 1
is well to remember in this relation,
has been far more rapidly increased;
by the inventions here referred to
than it ever was by any discoveries
of the past. It has been reckoned.,
and, not without reason, that while
the population of the world as a whole!
was doubled in the Nineteenth Cen¬
tury, the wealth of the world was;
more than quadrupled in the samel
time. By reflecting upon these facts [ j
the reader will perceive that the great!
fortunes under consideration do not!
represent anything taken away from!
the general body of the people, but i-
only a percentage of what has been \
added to society from new sources. [7
In our civilized countries, for in-j
stance, the average workingman re- f
ceives at least double to-day the com--
pensation given to his predecessor aj
hundred years, ago. This is an im¬
portant aspect of the wealth question,
which is frequently overlooked by our
radicals. If one were to listen to them,
he would fall under the impression
that the working masses have been
growing poorer with the progress of
time, and that the wealth concen¬
trated in the hands of a few repre¬
sented not a percentage of new gains,
'but a positive extortion of contribu¬
tions from thV. masses. Without
dwelling, however, upon these aspects
of the social problem, it is proper to
say in a word that men like Carnegi
owe no part of their wealth to any
diminution of the common resources,
but, on the contrary, by their skill,
their enterprise, their inventiveness
and their foresight, have added manv
times over to the common stock a dol¬
lar for every dollar that went to their
own account.
This, it is important to keep in
mind for moral as well as for other
reasons. Were it true, as has been in¬
timated, that what the Carnegies of
modern times bestow in charity they
first obtain by improper means, there
would be small reason for speaking
of them with honor. But the truth is
far otherwise. Quite apart from the
charities which they have and are sus.-
taining, they have placed their fellow-
men under substantial obligation by
the conduct of the very processes out
of which their fortunes grew.
In respect to the various forms in
which Mr. Carnegie disposed of bis
great estate, and his disposal of the
remnant of it. in his way, it is not nee- ;
essary here to enter upon any discus¬
sion. The thing to be recognized in the
most thorough manner is that in Car-;
negie the world had a shining exam¬
ple of lofty devotion to the welfare of
the human race, so that no differ¬
ence of opinion as to the more or less
wisdom with which his money was ex¬
pended can in the least impair his .
claim to the lasting honor of all pub-
lie-spirited men. i
'
_
_
THE BROOKLYN
DAILY EAGLE
AUG 11’18
ANDREW CARNEGIE
DIES SUDDENLY
AT HOMEIN LENOX
Philanthropist Ill Three
Days From Pneumonia.
Daughter Reaches Bed*
side Too Late.
Andrew Carnegie, “the Laird of
Skibo,” probably the greatest in¬
dividual philanthropist in history and
certainly one of the world’s most ar-
| dent disciples of peace, died this
| morning at his summer home,
; “Shadow Brook,’’ near Lenox, Mass.
The “ironmaster” succumbed t.o bron¬
chial pneumonia at 7:10 o’clock after
a three-days’ illness. He was in his
! 84th year.
The death of Mr. Carnegie removes
a force which came to influence the
social and economic life , of virtually
every civilized country on earth, and
employing the game genius which
| forced him into the forefront of the
^world’s financiers, he incorporated his
"widespread benefactions into mar¬
velously organized f oundations charged
with the mission of continuing that in-
| fluence in perpetuity.
No more vital or picturesque force
has been developed by the progress of
American industry than Carnegie.
The destiny of the “Ironmaster” was
j linked indissolubly with the romance
of American steel and American in¬
dustry generally, and he was to it
what the master sculptor is to the
| plastic clay. With the touch of his
genius he wrought his own memorial
in his achievements for progress.
Financier of the first magnitude,
captain of industry, author, traveler
and philanthropist, Andrew Carnegie
was yet simple and unassuming in his
personal habits and life even at the
height of his career, when stock mar¬
ket panics or national financial crises
could hang . on his word. He whs
gifted with a keen and unfailing fund
of dry, Scottish humor and a ready
sympathy for distress, and an appre-
> elation for faithful service which
usually took the concrete form of ad-
: vancement and financial betterment.
Daughter Reaches Bedside Too Late.
So sudden Was Mr. Carnegie’s death
that his daughter, Mrs. Roswell Miller,
was unable to get to her fathers bed-
; side before he died. His wile and pri¬
vate secretary were with him at the
C Mr. Carnegie had spent most of the
Summer in Lenox, coming hereJate
May, and up to few weeks differ -on-
joyed himself in almost daily fishing
trips on Lake Mahkeenac, which bor¬
ders his big Shadow Brook estate, and
in riding about his grounds.
He was taken ill Friday and grew
steadily worse. His advanced age and
lessened powers of resistance hastened
| th Mr en Carnegie, leaves his wife, who.
I was Miss Louise Whitefleld of New,
i York, and his daughter Margaret, who
married last April Ensign Rosw'ell
Miller of New York. '
' Mrs Miller was at her home m Mill-
bank, N, Y., when word came to her
of her father’s approaching death. She
hurried to Lenox, but did not arrive
until a few minutes after her fathers
; de The marriage of Mr. Carnegie’s only
daughter, Margaret, on April 23, to
Ensign Roswell Miller U. S. N„ was
the lasL social affair the aged phil¬
anthropist and peace advocate at¬
tended here. The ceremony was per¬
formed at Mr. Carnegie’s town house
in the presence of 100 guests, the
bride standing in a floral bower and
Scotch bagpipes playing m accordance
with her father’s wish.
Arrangements for the funeral of Mr.
Carnegie were to be made by the fam-
I ily later in the day. Whether the body
would be removed to New York had
not been decided.
Elihu Root Jr., son of former Uriited
States Senator Root, whose father for ;
years had been Mr. Carnegie’s counsel, j
expressed his sorrow today at the hews j
of the ironmaster’s death and said he I
would inform his father who is at his j
j summer home in Clinton, N. Y.
Mr. Root declined to discuss Mr.
(Carnegie’s affairs other than to say
j that he was a citizen of New York
j City and to admit that his will doubt¬
less would be probated >.ere. He in- ,
j timated that the passing of Mr. Car-
; negie would have no effect upon the
j future of the Carnegie Foundation and i
. similar philanthropies established by
him. i
Few men of his time were so widely I
known as Andrew Carnegie. He never!
stood in the limelight of politics. He
never held public office. He was not I
more successful as a promoter/ ot great
business enterprises than several other
conspicuous and contemporary cap¬
tains of industry. But during the
latter years of his life he actively pur¬
sued a policy which, if not new in prin¬
ciple, was impressively novel in its
]yebpe,_ and which therefore broright
him into extraordinary prominence
in all the English speakipg counti’ies
and communities. That policy estab¬
lished him , as the self-constituted
trustee of his own fortune for public
service.
In February, 1915, before the United
States Commission on Industrial Rela¬
tions, he stated that his public bene¬
factions at that time amounted to
$325,000,000.
The aggregate of Mr. Carnegie’s
wealth when his prosperity was at Its
summit may never be known. It w‘as
certainly stupendous, even in our gen¬
eration of multi-millionaires. But his
proclamation that a man who died
rich dies disgraced was sustained by
a practical demonstration of how riot
to hoard money that promised to 1
leave comparatively little to be dis¬
tributed after his death. He gave to
hospitals, he built and endowed music
halls, he aided universities, schools
and colleges with a munificence more
than princely? but his attention was
directed chiefly to the work of edu¬
cating the people through the erection
i of ^ee libraries. , His gifts in this di¬
rection cannot be recapitulated in de-
J tail. Almost every community of any
size in the United Statfes or Canada
that chose to ask him for a library, as
Well as many that never asked at all
today employ to the betterment ’of
citizenship these fruits of his philan¬
thropy. To New York City he gave
and Fouis he gave
$1,000,000 for one library. On libra¬
ries alone up to May, 1914, he had
spent $53,000,000, and his beneficiaries
comprised two thousand English
speaking communities throughout the
iWld , One of ,his libraries is in the
Fiji Islands. In a lesser degree he.
j similarly expended money in England
i and in Scotland. ■
His Birth and Childhood.
1, Andrew Carnegie’s birthplace was a
town famous in the annals of Scottish
Wstory. Situated thirteen rhiles from
Edinburgh, Dunfermline had long
Been the seat of the sovereign who
j preceded Malcolm Canraore. Here
Robert Bruce was buried and here was
born the most picturesque and most
unfortunate of all the Stuarts, Charles
r\ The date of Andrew Carnegiels
birth was November 25, 1835. The
boy was the son of William Carnegie
a weaver, whose meager opportunities
for intellectual improvement had been
used to the best advantage. He could
speak from a public platform and
;wrxte for the press of his day with a
fiuency unusual in one of his station.
In politics he cut no little figure as the
exponent of radical views, which were
tnen unpopular in proportion as they
I £® re . uncommon. An English writer
has described William Carnegie’s wife
; as a remarkable woman of fine tem¬
perament and of great force of char-
i ac * er ’ united with a strength of will
and of determination fitted to over-
j come obstacies,” She supervised the
education of her son until he was coh-
sidered old enough to go to school,
which was not until he had reached
of ?• 7,° ^ 1S mother, therefore,
he was probably indebted for his wori-
f ras P ot opportunity and ten¬
acity of purpose.
When Andrew was 12 years old a
fortunes of the
'family. William Carnegie, who had
been an independent operator, with
Jier e nfVnn mS f i?f hiE L own and a uum-
jber of apprentices, found his business
ruinea - oy_the introduction of steam
i machinery. He could no longer hoS
to compete with the new factories in
: determitert^ n ° f , Maen * The refore he
! ^ e l mi T d to emi S r ate to the United
i Stat^ Tr, company with his wife, and
two boys, of whom Andrew was the
elder, he came here in 1848 and settled
in Allepheny City, opposite Pittsburg,
then a place of about 10,000 inhabit-
j ants. Here young Andrew was put to
J work in a cotton factory, where he
made $1.20 a week minding bobbins.
Being of an observant nature, the
| youngster soon learned how to run
some of the smaller engines, so that
before long he was put in charge of
one of (these machines in a small es¬
tablishment devoted to the manufac¬
ture £>f bobbins. Here he remained for
a year, until he got a job as messen¬
ger boy in the office of the Ohio Tele-
| graph Company, for which service he
received the munificent wage of $2.50
per week. Of this transfer of aliegi-
i ance Mr. Carnegie has written: “My
entrance into the telegraph office was
a transition from darkness to light—-
i from firing a small engine in a dark
and dirty cellar into a clean office,
with bright windows and a literary at¬
mosphere, with books, newspapers,
pens and pencils all around me. I was
I the happiest boy alive.”
j And it was well for him and for
those near to him that his ambition
! was matched by his capacity and his
opportunities, for shortly after he ac¬
quired som^e knowledge of Morse his
| father died and the task of supporting
i his mother and' younger brother de¬
volved upon him. A place as tele-
i graph operator at $25 per month was
offiered to him. To this income he|
added perhaps $5 more a month by;
] copying messages for newspapers. In!
; his new field he was easily in advance
of the great majority of his contem¬
poraries. He had become so expert
jin reading messages by sound that he
could accomplish a great deal more!
than operators who clung to the older
and, as it was then deemed to be, the
; safer method.
His Entry Into Railroad Work.
Such was the reputation for profit
ciency acquired by him at the key-!
board that he was called into the serv¬
ice of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com¬
pany as an operator in charge of an
important station, where he became-
train dispatcher as well as a trans-l
jmitter of messages. From that point!
|his promotion might almost be termed)
extraordinary. He was fortunate in-
attracting the attention of Colonel
Thomas A. Scott, superintendent of the !
i Pennsylvania system, and soon after- i
! ward he obtained, the appointment of!
; private secretary to that official. This
i change necessitated his removal; to
|the head offices of the company, where
he still further strengthened his grip
| upon the situation by displaying ex-
1 ecutive ability of the highest order.
AVhen Colonel Scott was advanced to
the vice presidency of the company
Andrew Carnegie received through hi’s
influence the position of superinten¬
dent on the Western Division of the
road. While on a tour of inspection
in the district assigned to him he
casually met a man named Wood¬
ruff, who invited the young superin¬
tendent to examine the model of an
! invention which he was about to put
j upon the market: It was a model of
I the- first sleepiiig car. Mr. Carnegie
j thus narrates the incident in Jus “Tri¬
umphant Democracy”: '
“He had not spoken a minute be¬
fore, like a flash, the whole range of
the discovery burst upon me. ‘Yes,’ I
said, ‘that is something which this
continent must have.’
“Upon my return I laid it before Mr.
Scott, declaring that it was one of the
inventions of the age. He remarked,
‘You arfe enthusiastic, young man, but
you may ask the inventor to come and
let me see it.’ I did so, and arrange¬
ments were made to build two trial
cars and run them on the Pennsyl¬
vania Railroad. I was offered an in¬
terest in the venture, which, of course,
? gladly accepted. * * * The n0 _
tice came that my share of the first
payment was $217.5 Cf. How well I re¬
member the exact sum. But two hun¬
dred and seventeen dollars and a half
were as far beyond my means as if it
had been millions. I was earning $50
per month, however, and had pros¬
pects, or at least I always felt that I.
had. I decided to call on the local
banker and boldly ask him to advance
the sum upon my interest in the affair.
He put his hand upon my shoulder
‘Why, of course, Andie, you
are all right. Go ahead, here is the
rtioriey.’
“It is a proud day for a man when
he pays his last, note, but not 'to be
named in comparison with the day in'
which he makes his first note, and gets
a banker to take it. I have tried both
and I know. The cars paid the subse¬
quent ’payments from their earnings.
I paid my first note from my savings,
so much per month, and thus did 1 get
my foot upon fortune’s ladder. It is
easy to climb after that. And thus
came sleeping cars into the world.”
And thus, too, began Andrew Car-
negie’s career as a manufacturing
| capitalist.
FAMOUS PHILANTHROPIST
WHO DIED THIS MORNING
Andrew Carnegie.
The.'beginning of the Civil War.
“called Andrew Carnegie to Washing¬
ton, where his old chief, Colonel Scott,
was . Assistant Secretary of War, and
as su,ch in. charge of all the Govern¬
ment' railroads and telegraph lines.
One of Carnegie’s first duties was to ,
re-establish railway communication
between Annapolis and the capital,
which had been interrupted, at the out¬
break of hostilities. General Butler,
at the head of the Massachusetts
troops, was dependent for the move¬
ment of his men upon the working
force under Carnegie’s command. Car¬
negie was on the field at Bull Run as
superintendent of railway communica¬
tion. But the excitement of the Civil
War epoch did not seriously disturb j
the young: man’s progress toward i
financial conspicuity and indpendence. j
He obtained money enough to make
himself partner in a company formed
to purchase the so-called Story Farm
on Oil Creek, in the State of Pennsyl¬
vania.: The price given for this prop¬
erty was $40,000. Again we may quote j
Mr. Carnegie’s account of an import- |
ant crisis in his march toward opu- 1
lence:’ I
“Our experience with the farm may j
be worth reciting. Its value rose to
$5,0OQ,OOO; that is, the shares of the
company sold in the market upon this
basis, and one year it paid in cash;
dividends of $1,000,000—rather a good
return upon an investment of $40,-
000 .”
The Beginning of His Career as an
Iron King.
Andrew Carnegie’s entry upon the
field of industry in which he was after-
] ward destined to achieve such extraor¬
dinary pre-eminence was due largely
to the determination of the Pennsyl¬
vania Railroad Company to substitute
iron bridges for wooden ones. The
advantages of the new bridge over the
older type were so manifest to Car¬
negie that he led the way in the for¬
mation of a company of Pittsburg men
who determined to devote their ener¬
gies ,and capital to the construction of
railway bridges of cast iron. Thus the
Keystone Bridge Works came into be-
: ing. The Bridge Works was the parent
i of the Union Iron Mills, which, in turn,
were followed by a steel rail mill after
Carnegie, in 1868, had personally'in¬
spected the changes on the- great Eng¬
lish railways, where the rail of Iron
was rapidly giving place to the rail of
steel. . This visit to England was also
j directly responsible for the introduc-
j tion of the Bessemer process in Ameri¬
can steel froundries.
Andrew Carnegie was soon some-
I what of an iron king. He extended his
control still further when he bought
out the Homestead Steel Works of
Pittsburg. By 1888 he owned seven
great foundries arid mills—the Home¬
stead Steel Works, the Edgar Thom-
| son Steel Works, the- Duquesne Steel
Works, the Lucy Furnaces, the Key-
i stone Bridge- Works, the Upper Union
Rolling Mills and the Lower Union
Rolling Mills. These were all later
consolidated in the Carnc,g\e Steel
Cgtnpaiiy*, Limited. In ttojfel Home¬
stead works’alone more than 4,000
(men have, been employed at one time.
In the various establishments under
the control of the Carnegie Company
jare manufactured armor plate, , for
Kvarships, building frames, steel rails,
I bridge material and a hundred other
iforms of structural iron and steel. :
Some years ago, just before the Car- :
negie Steel Company entered the trust,
the estimated monthly capacity of its !
mills and foundries Was 140,000 tons
of pig iron and 160,000 tons of steel
ingots'. At that time 25,000 men were
in its employ, whose wages represent¬
ed a daily expenditure of $50,000.' Its
capital was about $60,000,000.
Getting Rid of His. Millions.
Mr. Carnegie on one occasion pub¬
licly repudiated the title of philan¬
thropist. He declared that His gifts
for libraries and ' other educational
purposes were mere business invest¬
ments from which he derived a cer¬
tain- profit more than compensating
him for the sacrifices he had made.
In 1903 an effort was made by the
Bureau of Education at Washington
to tabulate Mr. Carnegie’s gifts to
date. The result was not entirely
satisfactory because it was difficult to
compute the exact' amount, but the
following instructive figures were
given to show how his wealth had
been distributed by countries:
Canada .
England . . .. • 4 ~2’rAn
Ireland .. ,,,.65,500
Scotland . £3,078,700
United States. 52,270,173
Miscellaneous gifts, Great
Britain .. .. ••• 250,000
Grand total .$67,212,923]
In 1901 Mr. Carnegie set aside $10,-
000,00:0 for the endowment of the Car¬
negie Institution for higher research
j to be established in Washington; he
gave $2,000,000 to his pet ‘technical
school in Pittsburg, which up to 1915 i
had received $24,000,000 from him.
He gave $5,200,000 to the City of New j
York for the establishment of sixty-
fiye branch libraries; he appropriated
$9,000,000 to found an annuity fund
and pension for the laborers employed | .
in his great steel plant at Homestead;
he gave $1,000,000 for free libraries
at Braddock, Homestead and Du- ;
quesne in the State of Pennsylvania; j
he gave $750,000 each to San Francis¬
co and Detroit for library purposes; (
he added $300,000 to the endowment
of Cooper Union; he gave $260,000 to
Syracuse for a library and $200,000
for a similar purpose to the city of
Seattle; to the upper Iowa University
at FaWt-tft he gave $225,000 to help
out an endowment fund. In the same:
year he made, 12.5. other gifts in sums: ■<
ranging from $2,500 to $100,000. Thei
total amount of his contributions to 1 ;
all purposes for the year 1901 vras es¬
timated'to be $30,243,500. Naturally
one Would suppose that Mr. Carnegie
had made a tremendous hole in his
fortune in twelve months.and that the *
stream of beneficence would thence¬
forth flow in diminished volume. But
no. He kept oh giving away millions,
ag ordinary men of charitable inclina- ij
tions give away their hundreds. He' '
- gave $10,00D,000 in one lump to es--
tablish free education at the leading
universities of Scotland. He gave $2,- j
500,000 .to Dunfermline, the city of
his birth, with the express stipulation j
that the gift should be used for the j
maintenance of a theater, for the en- ;
couragement of horticulture among
the working.classes, for the advance- j
ment of technical education, and for j
the preservation of the estate, of Pit- :
tencricf -as a public pleasure ground.
It may be added that this estate con- :
-tains one'of the most interesting of j
Scottish historical monuments, the
toAver in which was celebrated the
Wedding of Malcolm Canmore to the
Princess Margaret. ; On April 22* 1,903,
Mr. Carnegie signalized the sixteenth |
anniversary of his marriage by giving
t | $600,000 in United States steel bonds
V"[ to Booker T. Washington’s institute
for the technical . training of, colored 1
men at Tuskegee, Ala., and $1,500,000 !
• ‘ to establish a Palace of Peace at The I
Hague, where the International Court
of Arbitration might find , a, perma¬
nent home. The terms of the gift to
the Alabama institution, td which, by
the way, Mr. Carnegie had previously
. - contributed about'$10,000 a year, in¬
cluded a provision for the payment of
such a sum to- Mr. Washington As
' would relieve that distinguished!
worker'frojffi a,H care as to his personal
and family expenses, thus enabling
rim to devote all his energies to the j
cause of negro education. j
His Gifts for the Benefit of His Em¬
ployes.
It is useless to attempt, to give a de- -
tailed account of Andrew Carnegie’s
career as a public benefactor. His
liberality assumed so many different |
forms and Avas manifested with such,
frequency that a mere resume of Avhat ,
he gave away would fill more col¬
umns than this sketch can be per- i
mitted to occupy. It is not extrava¬
gant to say that in the whole history
of the world there is no recox-d of a
man who distributed wealth so largely ;
, '•( or so freely as he. Bitterly, assailed
bv critics. Avho argued that his..'gains-;
AA^ere ill-gotten,, he answered not a i
word.
Mr. Carnegie’s business career as a]
Avhole suggested that he was particu¬
larly careful of his employees, that he
was ready at all times suitably to re- i
■ Avard honesty, fidelity and efficiency.
In NoA'-fember, 1901, he made liberal
(gifts, of -steel trust bonds to depart¬
ment superintendents in his various
establishments. Eight of these men'
receded outright gifts amounting in
each ease to $35,000, Avhiie the others
got sums ranging from § 10,000 to ,
$25,000. In making an address before
the iron and Steel Institute of Lon* 1
don in May, 1903, Mr. Carnegie ex¬
pressed his conviction that the best
way to do business Avas to make' ■•wrk-
men as far as possible participators in
the profits of their employer*!.
The Reverse of the Medal.
There is, hoAvever, a reverse to^he i!
medal in Mr. Carnegie's dealings with
his business associates. Astonishing
statements, were made in the "History ,
Of the Carnegie Steel Company,” pub- j
lished in limited form in August, 1903,
by James HoAVard Bridge,' formerly 1
private secretary to Mr. Carnegie. He J
partly explained the enormous rev#-
nues of the company by quoting,
Chgrles M. Schwab’s statement that
steel rails could be produced for $12 a
I ton at a, time Avhen the consumer was
taxed' $2 8 per ton—cexbainly permit¬
ting an enormous margin of profit and
suggesting a strong argument for tar¬
iff revision. Mr. Bridge.advanced the
view t hat the unparalleled success of
the Carnegie enterprijgp'in the years
following; the defealT^of the great i
Homestead strike was primarily due
to the courage and resource of Heniy I
C. Frick, Mr. Carnegie’s partner in;
those enterprises.
Carnegie Avas the- principal stock-
holder in the H. C. Frick Coke Com- i
pany. He had always argued that the •
steel company should receive special
rates in its purchases of coke, Avhiie
Mr. Frick held to the contrary. Hence
the beginning of a very bitter quarrel.
In November, 1889, Mr. Frick, smart- j
ing under a charge of sharp practice ,
preferred by Mr. Carnegie, made a se-
ver-e, attack upon his associate at a
meeting ;of the Carnegie Steel Com- ! -
pany, in which he Avas then a share- . 4
holder -to the extent of 1 5,484 shares, j m
He charged that Mr. Carnegie had al-
ways used the Frick Coke Company as ;
a convenience; that its credit hud been {
too freely traded upon by the steel ]
company; that its properties had been (
systematically depreciated by Mr. "Car- j''
negie and his cousin and business as¬
sociate, George Lauder; that Mr. Car¬
negie had threatened ruin to the coke
. I concern if it did not furnish him with •
its products at cost or thereabout;
that Mr. Carnegie had maligned him
(Frick) by declaring that he had no
right while chairman of the board of •
mmagers of the Carnegie Steel Com¬
pany to purchase as a private specu¬
lation land Avhich he knew the steel:'
company would eventually have to • . '
buy from him.
I This outbreak appears to have de- :l
termined Mr. Carnegie in his resolve !
to force Frick out of the steel com- ! >
'pany. Charles . M. SchAvab and Henry !
Phipps tried in vain to preserve peace, i
Friqk resigned from the company on i
' DecemAlr 5, 1 899.
His Personal Appearance.
Mr. Carnegie’s, personal appearance!
could not be described as impressive. ;
] He once Avrote of himself as "pony-
built.” He was 5 feet 4% inches in
height and Aveighed about .160 pounds. 1 -
He had gray hair and a beard and
mustache', which, in his . later years,:®
were almost' snow-Avhite. He had a
small nose,- a square chin, a broad ’ '!
forehead, a firm, set mouth and blue
eyes that sparkled. with a quaint lu:-
mor Vhen he talked. His individual j
tastes were not extravagant, nor did 1
he encourage extravagance or display] ':
in his household. .He did not marry 1
.until'Comparatively' late- in life, Avhen
Miss LouiseTVhitfield, the daughter of
a dry goods merchant of this city, be-
1 came his wife. They had one child, a
daughter, for whom her father is said
to have provided a most modest com* I
petence, considering the - temptation
which occasionally must have urged-
him, to make her a great heiress. "I .
Wbiilffias soon Ida, ve my son a_ curse
as the almighty dollar,” Mr. Carnegie]
once said, and, although lie did no,
literally apply this doctrine in the
■ case of his. daughter, he always stead-
; fastly insisted that she should never
be burdened with great wealth. Early
in 1901 he completed the construction
of a magnificent l-esidence at the cor*
i net- of Ninety-first street and Mfth
i avenue, Manhattan, but, while he usu¬
ally spent his winters there, most of
his time was passed abroad on his
Scotch estate, Skibo, Avhere he led
the simple life that pleased him best, j
playing golf in his leisure moments
and superintending the work of some
1 two score servants employed about his
: house and grounds.
His Memorable Offer to Buy Philip¬
pine Independence.
Mr. Carnegie had an intense hatred
1 of war, and at one time made himself
conspicuous by offering to refund to
the Government of the United States
the $20,000,000 paid to Spain under the
treaty of Paris as compensation, for
the transfer of the Philippine Islands.
He believed that this country had
i made a grave error in entering upon a
course of imperial expansion and. he
was afraid that persistence in that
course would result—as, in fact, it did
— in war with the natives of the 1s-
, lands.
Mr. Carnegie as Peace Promoter, and
as a Pension Giver.
Andrew Carnegie gave many mil¬
lions as a promoter of peace, and he
j gave, also munificently, for pensions to
his old employees and the widows of
friends. , One of his greatest ideals
was the abolition of -war, a hope he
cherished in - the face of almost con¬
tinual international conflicts. He
gave $10,000,000 toward an Interna¬
tional Peace Fund, and built the
Peace Palace at The Hague in 1913,
and in 1911 he gave $750,000 to the
Bureau, of American Republics at
| Washington. Twenty-mie American
! republics bestowed up?*. him a gold
! medal bearing on one side the words
| “Benefactor of Humanity,” and on
I the other, “The American Republics
to Andrew Carnegie.”
' He carried out his pet; idea of a
I Hero Commission, endowed in 1905
with $11,000,000, by which hundreds
of. men. women and children have
been rewarded with Carnegie medals
or pensions for acts of heroism in
the rescue of imperilled persons. He
i later extended similar benefactions to i
] several foreign countries'. I
1 He established the Carnegie Found- j
| ation for the Advancement of Teach- j
1 ing, with a total fund of $15,000,000, j
j which has taken up efficiency survey? j
| of educational 'Work, aided many in- j
• sti'tutions, and provided pensions for |
| college professors. In 19.11 lie capi- !
> tklized his educational benevolence, l|
I so that, his gifts to libraries, colleges
j and other institutions, should live
j after him, by establishing the Carne-
ij gie Corporation with a fund of $25,-
| 000 , 000 . '
i Before he sailed for Scotland in
1 1901, after selling out to the Steel
, Trust, as the United States Steel Cor-
; poration was called, he set aside $5,-
000,000 for the workmen of the Car-
i negie Steel Company as a parting gift
land $4,000,000 for pensions to the
i men. In February, 19.15, there were
j 2,521 beneficiaries of the Carnegie
j Pension Fund.
After retiring from business Mr. ;
j Carnegie found that the widows of a
number of his friends were sorely
troubled how best to secure the safe¬
ty of funds left to them. He volun¬
teered to accept the money of one
widow, giving her his note for the
| amount and agreeing to pay her 6
■per cent, a year. He continued to do
' this as other friends passed away mi-'
j til, in 1915, the number of depositors
! reached 1 48, with a total of more than
; $8,.000,000 in deposits.
In 1915 the total number of pen-
1 sioners on his list was 481, receiving
; a total of $214,954 a year.
, When the great ironmaster was be-
| fope the United States Commission on. I
j Industrial Relations in February, j
1915, his good nature and his.wit won !
over to him a hostile Audience of so- |
cialists, single taxers and followers of
i the 1. W. W. The chairman of the
j commission, himself a man with so-
| cialistic Meanings, soon found his au-
■ j dience carried away by the smiling
witness.
“What, is your business?” said the.
well-primed chairman. v - • '
“My business is to-do as much good
in the world as T Can; I have retired
from all other, biisinqs?,” was the re-
j ply of the witness,
j A little later the' chairman', of the
Commission said:
| “Now I just want to- ask ■ you a ,
j question or two, Mr. Carnegie, and
i then we will excuse you.” 1
5 "I am not in a hurry, I am enjoy-
1 ing this immensely,” retorted the wit-
I ness, and again the hearers shouted -
j with mirth.
Of Mr. Carnegie’s achievements in
authorship much might be said. Ha\ *
ing the capacity to think clearly, ng
also had the faculty of incisive an,
I direct expression. He was not a man*;
ter of literary style, but he could coiij
epigrams that will do more to pre*
•serve his productions than any mere j
smoothness of diction could ever dot >’
in 1879 he published “Notes of a /
Trip Around the World,” and in 188# ; '
“Our Coaching Trip” appeared. Both ••
of these were originally printed for
private circulation only, but the de¬
mand for public editions v «o in-
. sistent that Mr. Carnegie wisely com-
1 plied w ith it. In 1886 his Triuni!
pliant Democracy” was issued, and
within two years had reached a circu-
S iation of 40,000 volumes. He also
I wrote many magazine articles and
I pamphlets, all of which reflected the :
; views of a student and a logip u
thinker. He' also wrote “The Gospel \
! of Wealth." 1 900; “The Umpire of
! Business,” 19,02. (since translated into,
eight different languages): “The Uil’e
of James Watt,” 1006. and “Prob$l
Hems of Today,”U 909. ,
AUCli'19
Financiers’ Tributes
To Carnegie =“Greatest
Man I Ever Knew”*=Schwab
—--— --—-—i
“The world has lost a great man
and a great benefactor to humanity,”
wAs the comment of Charles M.
Schwab, chairman of the Bethlehem
Steel Corporation, when informed to¬
day at his country home at Loretta,
Pa., of the death of Mr. Carnegie.
“It would be difficult for me to find
words to express my love and admira¬
tion for Mr. C&rrtegie., my friend, my
partner and associate for.forty years,”
said Mr. Schwab.
“He was the greatest man 1 ever
knew and he had a heart so filled with
tender sentiment, especially with ref¬
erence to his associates, as to ma,ke
him beloved, as well as admired, by
all those who came into business or
social contact with him. .
“The world has lost a great man
and a great benefactor to humanity
and I have lost a friend greater than
whom ho man_ever hack”
James B, Clews of Henry Clews &
Co., bankers, said today: “The death
of Mr. Carnegie removes one of the
greatest characters the world has ever
known.
“Perhaps no one will ever know his
total benefactions but that they
equalled fully three hundred 'And fifty
millions is generally recognized. Nor
| will it be -known until his will is filfed
what part of his vast fortune he re¬
tained at the time Of his death. But
ill all probability, this will approach
close to three hundred and fifty mil¬
lion, a large portion of which no doubt
will go to Charity. Mr. Carnegie’s life
was a well rounded out one, and it is
safe to say that he made every one of
his 8.4 .years count to the utmost.”
. George W. Perkins, who is chairman
of the finance, committee of the Car¬
negie Foundation, said:
“I am deeply grieved to hear of
Mr. Carnegie's death. He was a very
great American. One of the last talks
I had with him was About profit shar¬
ing. He was c most enthusiastic in his
commendatioh of the steel corpora¬
tion’s profit-sharing plans, and ex¬
pressed the belief that the principle of
| profit sharing was destined to be a
1 great factor in solving the existing
| problems between ca pital and labor.”
Alien’19
ANDREW CARNEGIE.
The great millionaire who was
commonly, if inaccurately, credited
with saying that . it was sinful
I for a man to die rich, has passed
J away. How much Andrew Carnegie
j had left at the age of 82, the world
! does not know; hi'S interests were so
I diverse that perhaps he did not kuow.
I himself. He had given away more
than $o-J,000,000 for what he believed
to be the good of humanity. He was
not rich as millionaires count riches,
j Mr. Carnegie’s career is one of al-
I most unique inspiration. Many other
giants in the world of industry and
finance have been self-made as be was ;!
beginning work with little education,
saving with stern self-denial, investing
with business imagination, coming to
! the top by the law of the survival of,
I fli® fitt .e. s t. But here was a man whose
sympathies were not deadened, whose I
soul was not atrophied, whose intelii-1
gence was not narrowed in the process]
of making himself what he was. A
true American patriot, though a native
I of Scotland, he found the opportunity!
fob public service in the Civil War and
embraced it. His work as Superin¬
tendent of Military Railroads and Gov¬
ernment Telegraph Lines -in the East
was highly appreciated by Abraham
j Lincoln. But the sympathy of Car¬
negie embraced the whole wotld. Fur¬
'S thermore, hi's prophetic instinct told
him twenty years before the World
. War came that such a tragedy was to
j be feared. He had been speaking and
: writing and working for the ending of
] war file years before his 1908 gift of
! $2,500,000 for a Temple of Peace at The
l Hague. He was shocked, of course,
when the storm broke in 1914, but he
was not surprised. His had been the
| voice of one crying in the wilderness.
I unheard, the Cassandra warning
against the inevitable.
It is a curious thi fig that the Temple
l of Peace has hardly found ya mention
in the newspapers in connection with
j the peace that follows , the war. Hol¬
land is largely responsible for that
I fact. Holland getting rich out of trade *
with Germany did not commend her¬
self to the friendly consideration o r the
Allies. Otherwise we suppose the
! Temple of Peace, now only a monument
to Mr. Carnegie, would have been made
f the headquarters of a certain League
i of Nations.
i Nor was the Pittsburg Captain ol
f Industry blind to the class war be-
I tween Labor and Capital which was
! developing not merely in this but in
I other civilized lands. He firmly be-
j lieved that this was as unnecessary, as
j un-Christian as wars between nations.
jHis friends have sometimes said that j
] the saddest day of his life was when he
igot the news in Scotland, on a July
! morning in 1892, of the battling that had
begun at Homestead. He had gone
away, leaving Mr. Frick in charge. It is
needless to enter ihto 7 the question
j whether Frick was unjust or not. A
j strike camp in the Carnegie works. A.
! barbed wire fence fifteen feet high was
I built around the plant. Three hundred
I Pinkerton detectives and rifles to arm
them were brought in by water. Who
fired first in the initial battle has never
• been determined. But in the sequel
workmen used a brass cannon against
the Works ; there were repeated fusil-
1 lades and eleven strikers were, killed.
| Mr. Carnegie, as we remember it, never
! formally approved or formally disap¬
proved of what Frick had done. He
knew that, the strikers were chiefly
foreigners whose passions felt little
self-restraint. But ills grief was real
and well understood by his acquaint¬
ances. Commonly, Andrew Carnegie
had been a just and generous employer.
His gift of $5,000,000 to the concern’s
benefit fund for employees was an il-.
lustration of his Sentiment.
Before his retirement from business,
when the Carnegie company was
merged in the United States Steel Cor¬
poration, the Carnegie gifts to-public
purposes were figured at $40,000,000.
To the Institute at Pittsburg the initial
gift was $10,000,000. It was raised to
$24,000,000. The total granted to the
Carnegie Institution ■ in Washington
1 was $22,000,000. More than $60,000,000 | ;
l was contribute d... for library buildings |
j in "various cities and towns of the j
j United States/ The universities of
J Scotland got $10,000,000. The $750,000
s Pan-American Palace in Washington
I was significant of Mr. Carnegie’s faith
in our future hegemony in the new
± 77 ,
world. The Hero Funds for tde United;
States, for Great Britain, for France!
| and Germany, for Sweden, Norway,!
| Switzerland, Italy, Denmark and Hol¬
land were interesting and stimulative.
It may be curious to note that in this
Hero Fund allowance $1,000,000 was
given to France and $1,500,000 to Ger¬
many. Population, of course, was the
basis of the estimate. And there were
heroes in Germany as elsewhere.
Recurring to Mr. Carnegie’s pro¬
phetic sense it is worth remembering
. that he always held fast to the ideal!
of a perfect sympathy between this
country and Great Britain, to the no- j
tion of Anglo-Saxon unity, the concep-j
tion which brings most of hope to I
world-civilization in its present dis- j
turbances. To his mind, friction be¬
tween London and Washington, be-
j tween England and America, was never (
to be thought of. Therefore, to him, j
the Venezuela episode was inexplicable.
Andrew Carnegie became an LL.D.
by virtue of degrees from several col- j
leges and universities, despite his early
disadvantages. His best known publi-!
cations, “Triumphant Democracy,”
“The Gospel of Wealth” and “Empire
of Business,” had a virile strength
about them, if little of artificial polish.
They were written from the heart.
Love of humanity is the central
thought of each. It was the very key¬
note of Mr. Carnegie’s career, the
greatness of which wall be measured
j not by the dollars-and-cents value of
j his donations, but by the dominating!
motive of them all, a motive compel-i
j ling universal admiration.
AUC 11 '18
Death of Andrew Carnegie.
Y T1 ?® death of Andrew Carnegie at
.btockbridge, Mass., today, recalled to
.many-old-timers in Wall street the
fact that Mr. Carnegie has been the
largest holder of CL S. Steer Corpora-
tion bonds, and that not a single one
of the bonds that he received from
the corporation for the Carnegie Steel
Company, in 1901, has been sold. He
received $303,450,000 in securities of
the steel corporation when his hold¬
ings were transferred. Mr, Carnegie’s
interest never included Wall street,
and despite the fact that he was cred¬
ited with being 'one of the world’s
richest men, he is said to have taken
no interest whatever in the security
market. j
AUC 14’19
ANDREW CARNEGIE’S RELIGION.
! “Count me as one who loves his
fellow men.” The Abou Ben Adhem
enthusiasm is perhaps the best formu¬
lation of the creed that Andrew Car¬
negie preached and practiced. We may
imagine that if lie had been picking
out a text for a ‘funeral discourse over
hk own mortal remains he would have j
chosen First John, iv:20: “He that j
loveth not his brother whom he hath j
seen, how can he love God whom lid
hath not seen?” He is said to have re- j
marked in giving money for a fine
church organ: “I can always accept
as orthodox what the organist offers I
to the services.” This is a thought j
cognate to the epigram of George Ber¬
nard Shaw: “A fine cathedral would be !
a marvelous' educating influence for the
masses if people would not desecrate j
it by holding services there,” an epi- j
gram which Mr. Carnegie may have
smiled over but would not have accept-'
ed. Probably, however, the Froudc
saying, “The Lord was the author of
religion, but the Devil invented theol¬
ogy.” would not have shocked him. i
It is not likely that the obsequies
at Lenox were actually delayed by the
difficulty of selecting a clergyman and
a ritual for the funeral, yet the ques¬
tion may have come up, probably did
come up. The composite Presbyterian
and Congregational ist service deter¬
mined on at Shadowbrook was the best
solution.
This passage from “The Gospel of
Wealth” shows that the philanthropist,
though keeping his own mind fixed on
practical and more or less material
problems, realized the charm of devo-
tionalism in the Church:
Once within its massive circle, its
denizens live there an inner life more
precious than the external, and all
their ways are hallowed by the radi¬
ance which shines from afar’upon this
inner life, glorifying everything and,
keeping all right within.
St. Thomas a’Kempis. might have
written those words. Often and force¬
fully Mr. Carnegie wrote and spoke of
the usefulness of the Church to civili¬
zation, of his own faith ill an over¬
ruling Providences Witlout that faith
his life coufd n/t havf bee|i what it
AUG 14'19
SIMPLE SERVICES
HELD FOR CARNEGIE
AT SHADOWBROOK
Presbyterian Ritual Used Took
20 Minutes— To Be Interred at
Sleepy Hollow.
Lenox, Mass., August 14—The fu-1
neral of Andrew Carnegie w.as held 1
at Shadowbrook, his summer homelhV
the Berkshires, today. There was no
eulogy and there were ho pall bearers.
The service was as simple as were
the tastes and habits of the > man in
life. Fully one-half of the 60 per¬
sons present were members of the
household. The others were intimates
of the family.
The ritual of the Presbyterian
Church was used by the officiating
clergyman, Dr. William Pierson Mer¬
rill of the Brick Presbyterian! Church,
Fifth ave., New York, which the Car-
negies attended and of which Mrs.
Carnegie and her daughter, Mrs. Ros¬
well Miller, were members. The day
upon which his daughter Ma.rga.ret
united with this church was declared
by Mr. Carnegie to be the “happiest"
of his life,” and Dr. Merrill has said
that with advancing years Mr. Car - !
negie gave evidence of increasing in- i
terest in the society.
A mired quartet from this church j
sang three hymfis Which have been
the favorites of the- philanthropist i
and former iron master. Dr. Merrill
was assisted toy the Rev. Benson N.
Wyman, pastor of the Lenox Congre- f
gational Church, where' Mrs, Carnegie
frequently worshipped during the
summer months.
Body Taken to Tarry town.
At the conclusion of the service, !
which occupied barely 20 minutes, the I
I body, accompanied by most of the
party, was removed in a motor car to j
Hillsdale, N. Y., where a funeral
coach was in waiting. This car was
attached to the regular train of the
New York Central Railroad, leaving
at 1:11 o’clock this afternoon for ,
Tarrytown. Thence the body was to
be taken by automobile to Sleepy Hol¬
low for interment in a lot chosen by
Mr. Carnegie some years ago.
The service at Shadowbrook was
held in the. great reception room on
the first-floor at the east end of the ! ,
mansion overlooking Lake Mankee- 7
nac, one of the ebauty spots of the j
wonderful estate and where Mr. Car¬
negie had spent many happy hours at
his favorite pastime, angling.
The body reposed in a severely !-
plain casket placed in the center of ;
the room and all but hidden in a I
wealth of floral pieces. The mahogany
of the basket was covered with heavy I
black broadcloth. A small name plate !
of silver bore only the inscription, |
“Andrew Carnegie, born at Dunferm¬
line, Scotland, November 25, 1835.
Died Lenox, Mass., August 11, 1919.”
Just before 10:30 o’clock this morn¬
ing, the hour set for the funeral, those
who were to hear the last rites entered
the room and grouped themselves
about the casket. With Mrs. Carnegie
and her daughter, MrS. Roswell Mil- i
ler, who were in conventional mourn- j
ing, wei'e the daughter’s husband, En- j
sign Miller, Mrs. Morris Johnson, at
niece of Mr. Carnegie; his nephews,
Andrew and Morris Carnegie; Mrs.
Carnegie’s private secretary, Archi¬
bald Barrow, and John Boynton, who
had long served the master of the
house in a similar capacity- '
Prominent Men Present.
Next in the circle were notable rep¬
resentatives of those who had helped
the industrial giant to make his mil¬
lions and others who had helped the
philanthropist distribute the major
part of those millions for humanita¬
rian purposes. Among these were
Charles M. Schwab, once president of
the Carnegie Stgel Company; Robert
A. Franks, business adviser of the j
iron master for many years, treasurer
of the Carnegie corporation and of
the Carnegie foundation for the ad¬
vancement of teaching; the Rev.
Frederick H, Lynch, who represented
the Carnegie peace foundation dur¬
ing the Peace Conference at Paris,
and Oliver Ricketson. Others inti¬
mately associated with the family
were Mrs. Henry Phipps, wife of Mr.
Carnegie’s old partner in the steel j
business, and their son, Howard; Dr.
R. S. Woodward, president of the Car-
negie Institution at Washington;
Elihu Root Jr., representing his fa¬
ther in the matter of the Carnegie
endowment for international peace, j
and James C. Greenway.
Seated near these were all those !
of the household Who had ministered j
to the home comforts of the master
of the house. Many of these had been j
long in the employ of the family,
i The clergymen, wearing gowns, j
stood at the head, of the. casket and
back of them were the members of the j
quartet, directed by. Clarence Die- j
kinson, organist of the Brick Presby- ;
terian Church. ..The singers were Miss
Rose Bryant, Miss Marie Stoddardt,
Frank Croxton and Grant Kimball.
The service opened with the singing
of “O Love, That Will Not Let Me Go.”"
The Rev. Mr. Wyman recited the two j
prayers of the ritual and followed
these with the Lord’s Prayer. The
quartet then sang “He Leadeth Me.” I
Dr. Merrill read the passages appoint- 1
ted from the psalms and the service
closed with the singing of “Crossing 1
the Bar.” As the voices of the singers
died away, the benediction was pro¬
nounced by Dr. Merrill.
Rain fell heavily throughout the
morning but shortly before the funer-
AUC 14'19
j CARNEGIE’S FAITH IN THE LEAGUE.
Written two days before his death,
the letter to Charles C. James from
i Andrew Carnegie is possibly the
philanthropist’s last expression on any
| public question. Mr. Carnegie’s deep-
] est sentiment had been for a long term
| of years hatred of war; his aspiration
j had been to do something to end the
! possibility of war. James, the car-
j toonist, had made a picture showing
crowned heads deposed by peace. This!
picture had appealed strongly to Mr.
Carnegie, who in his letter quoted the
Burns lines about the day
That, man to man, the world o’er;
Shall brothers be, and a’ that.
Then the veteran enthusiast added:
I believe this happy condition is
assured by the 'League of Nations;
and that civilization will now march
steadily onward with no more great
wars to mar its progress. I rejoice in j
having lived to see the day.
This message from a broad, kindly
soul ought to be read to the Senate in
Washington. Some of the quibbling
politicians would blush, but blushing is
an homage that littleness owes to
AUG 17 ’19
Any church in America would have
admitted Andrew Carnegie gladly on
his simple profession of faith. Ques¬
tioning his orthodoxy after bis death
is profitless and provoking; now isn’t
it?
AUG 27 'IS
CARNEGIE’S EXAMPLE
Editor Brooklyn;..^ Daily• Eagle;
Mr.' carnegie.-j has for . spine years
been such a public character by his
accumulation arid'" distribution of
wealth that the daily press are, to;
some'extent, justified in holding him
•up as. .an example' : 'df how to solve the
problem of the possession of large
wealth. But his intimate friends, the
business publig. and-especially our boys
; and young men may yell hesitate be¬
fore they look upon these as the final
test of;character and of the value of
public; Service. Tire accumulation of
: such-a 'vast, fortune was possible only
| because of an extraordinary combina¬
tion of circumstances. . Events’ had
‘•been’, preparing for many- years . fpr
the. expansion of the business in which
; he was interested. His own genius as
.' an inventor and for; -the organization
of industry were factors not. likely to
appear, again, in such a 'combination 1
'fo'f a 'generation. To hold up the suc¬
cess of Mr. Carnegie is an illustration
of what may be accomplished by en¬
ergy, enterprise or the successful
grasping of the details of business is
not the way to make the best use of
his example. A society composed of
such men would not be an ideal soci¬
ety. Mr. Carnegie Was also fortunate
in living at a time when the distribu¬
tion of great wealth was likely to is¬
sue in permanent benefit tp society. It
was a period .when -great problems—
scientific, educational, philanthropic,"
economic—were awaiting the success¬
ful administration of a genius for or¬
ganization and economic insight. To
distribute such a vast fortune without
injury to existing social institutions
.was’a task from which a greater gen¬
ius than, even Mr. Carnegie might ask
to bo, excused. How far, he has suc¬
ceeded, the future alone will reveal
; That he has been successful to such
1 an extent hag been due to his ability
• to appreciate, the best things and give
them a permanent place in his benev-
iolence. These are the things that dis-
! pel ignorance, promote peace, glorify
! the home/ and enlarge the national
life. These are the fitting measure of
/the man and of the value of the serv¬
ice that he has rendered to this gen"
; eration. They will intensify and deen-
‘ en his influence as the days go by In
the selection of men to co-operate
with him in the distribution of his
wealth, Mr. Carnegie was especially
fortunate: This has enlarged the
! scope of his-philanthropy and. devel¬
oped a class of social workers of un
told value to society. These, and not
/the gratification of personal tactics
are, the things that will .make his ex’
ample worthy of imitation by the
i young ,men of this generation... .
i _ , E. W. OSBORN
Brooklyn, August 21, 1919.
ANDREW CARNEGIE’S WILL.
The will of Andrew Carnegie carries
out fully the spirit of his life. Mr.
Carnegie never said “A man w r ho dies
rich, dies disgraced,” but he did, per¬
haps, more than any other man to give
vitality to the doctrine of the trustee¬
ship of wealth, when that phrase came
into general use about the beginning
of the century. He believed in rich
men becoming their own executors
during their lives, and in pursuance of
that belief he gave away $350,000,000
himself and left an estate of less than
one-tenth of that sum to be disposed
of by his will. '
The wisdom and generosity of that
document, as well as the wide scope
of friendships and interests which it
reveals, afford the best possible tribute
to the character of the man. The part
of the will which causes the most com¬
ment is the list of annuities to public
men. It shows a range of friendships
and. a breadth of interest in this coun¬
try and Great Britain quite without
precedent. The annuities to ex-Presi-
dent Taft and to Mrs. Roosevelt and
Mrs. Preston—Mrs. Cleveland when the
will was drawn—may be taken as a
plea to Congress to provide adequate
pensions for retiring Presidents and it
is a plea which should bear fruit. The
general recognition of the fitness of Mr.
Carnegie’s gifts should quicken the
public conscience regarding a duty too
long neglected. The other personal
gifts to Walter Damrbsch, Henry S.
Pritchett, administrator of the Carne¬
gie Pension Fund; to Miss Wilson of
the Normal College and to Miss “West
of the Carnegie School, show a keen
appreciation of those who are doing
valuable work for this country. The
gifts abroad, to Lloyd-George, to John
Morley, to John Burns, Thomas Burt
and John Wilson, members of Parlia¬
ment, mark friendships creditable to
the character of the testator and
show his generosity. The spirit of the
man breathes also in his generous re¬
membrance of all those who had been
in his personal service and in the terms
in which it is expressed. As an epi¬
tome of the character of a good Amer¬
ican this will, with the endowments
which preceded it during Mr. Carne¬
gie’s life, makes a monument as en¬
during as stone or bronze.,
! 30 ’19
Seven of Carnegie Millions
To U. S. as Tax, Estimate
Experts who like to dive into mil¬
lions Of figures are already estimating
the size o;f the inheritance tax the Car¬
negie estate will have to pay on the
$30,000,000 fortune left by the iron¬
master, who gave away $350,000,0,00
during his lifetime. According to these
figure solons, the Federal treasury
will be enriched by about $7,000,000
when they settle up the tax.
Under the will, the estate pays, the
inheritance, tax, all beneficiaries thus
being relieved of paying or account¬
ing to the Federal and State treas¬
uries. The income taxes on the dif¬
ferent annunities, of course, will be
paid by the beneficiaries.
Some doubt-seems to attach itself
to such annuity bequests as- those 1
giv&n to David Lloyd-George, Lord
Morley and the Right Hon. John
Burns. Who gets the income tax?
If the principal goes to England, there
Will be only the inheritance tax to
pay upon it here. If the annuity is
paid from this side, the beneficiaries
abroad are subject to local income
taxes.
Mrs. Carnegie is allowed a $5,000
exemption, along with the daughter
and other blood relations. Any
amount in excess of that sum is taxi
by the State on a graduated sea]
One per cent, on the first $25,000,
per cent, on the next $75,0 ! 00, 4 p
cent, on the next $103,000, and so o
The .United States Government wi
collect on the first $9,000,000 a tt
of'22 per cent., or about $1,681,50
Any sum in excess of $10,000,000 th;
may come to her through the will ne
the Government a 25 per cent. tax.
If, as indications seem to point, M
Carnegie’s estate , totals $30,000,00
the sum in excess of $10,000,000
$20,000,000, netting the Governmei
$5,000,000. This brings the total ta
up to just a little short of $7,000,00
The process of fixing the incoir
taxes on the annuities is not as con
plicated as it seems. Mrs. Theodoi
Roosevelt receives $5,000 a year ur
der the will. The State Insuranc
Department will ascertain Mrs. Roosi
velt’s age, make an estimate of th
probable . number of years she ma
be expected to live and then, with th
aid of their formulae tables, will fi
the income tax accordingly.
The following exemptions fnay b
claimed: Funeral expenses, adminh
tration expenses, executors expense"
attorneys fees, debts of deceased, un
paid mortgages, net losses during set
itlement, support of dependents, prop
I erty identified as having been taxei
within five years, charitable and pub
lie bequests and miscellaneous.
VOLUME 23
SCRAPBOOK RE
CARNEGIE’S DEATH,
1919
PAGES 179-185 BLANK, NOT
IMAGED
LE RAYON
A Travers
PS. CARNEGIE EST MOM.
’dt.ait un grand uo ce monde.
coriquls
n’en me
dS la lanterne
les Feuilles
„ v fi$ mqimg,. II avaitj
e puissance : TArgent, et il
x^oouSait pas. Ce milliard aire savait
etre pas nouveau riche, he Figaro puplie
de lui une ndcrologie clout j’extrais ce pas*
sage :
Promu conducteur de machine, il abandon¬
ee la filature et devient, a New-York, * petit
telegraphiste », i la suite de quoi, et grace
4 une habiletO de l’csll et de la main qu’on
remarque.il- qsl nomine operateur.Cent vingt-
cinq francs par rnois. Il a quinze ans.
Le voila entrd au chefnin de fer de Pen-
sylvanie. Il y fait ses premieres economies,
achete ses premiers litres. A vingt-trois ans,
il est charge par son patron, devenu secrd-
taire-adjoint a la guerre, de la direction des
themins de fer et telegraphes du gouverne-
ment. Un hasard I’amOne & tfecouvrir i’ex-
traordinaire richesse naturelle des pints de
petrole de Pensylvanie. C’est sa premiere
grande affaire. 11 volt s’elever a, cinq mil¬
lions de dollars la valeur d’une i'erme qui lui.
en a codt6 quarante mille, C’est le depart
pour Pimmense fortune. Carnegie a trente
ads. La creation de sa fonderie, a Pittsburg,
fera de lui, en peu d’annees, le Roi du Fer.
Mais, le Roi du Fer Atait un jaune Iioinme
supple, enlSGS. Il est regie un-horn me simple
tier ’—mill ■.|| || jfig||.
tout a' sa vie.
B ne:buvait pas d’aldooL.n ne fumait pas,
SI .&ait un h’omme de famille, amateur de
chasse,.. ek de .pSche. Il~jouait.au golf, et, fi-
ayant acliek le chateau de Skibo, en Ecosse,
il ordonnait, dit un de ses biographes, que
ses hOtes fussent dveillCs, chaque matin, par
des joueurs de cornemuse, et i>rec6des par’
eux, en se rendant a la salle a manger. - <
Ce milliardaire Otait un rfiveur. Il se faisalt
jouer, avant de dejeuner, chaque matin, sur
un orgue, la musique qu’il aimait...
Cette colossale fortune, incessamment ac¬
crue, ne le grisa jamais ; et voila peut-gtre I K miers > le droit de tous a la beaute.
ce qii’il yAut de beau dans son genie.
Cela laissera r&veurs pos Bourdins I
S’ils pouvaient -faire leur profit de Jt’apo-
logie du Carnegie philantrope dont parle
Excelsior ;
naturelle, de laboratoires de chimie et autres
ctabllssements scientifiques. Par ses soins
encore furent construites de tres nombreuses
ecoles.
Mats rutile* ne lui faisait pas oublier J’a-
grOdble. Ii savait par experience combien
l’bomme, apres une journOe cle dur labeur
dans les uslnes, eprouve le besoin do ge dis-
traire. Il multiplia done, U trovers les Etats-
Unis les salles de concert; d’immenses am¬
phitheatres qu’on appelle « Carnegie Halls »
et qui peuvent contenir de quatro a dix mille
personnes, selon Fimportance des vines qui
en sont dotees. Il s’inspira du meme senti¬
ment dans la fondation de ses gaieties de
peinture, reconnaissant ainsi, Tun des pre-
,rn iAT»a In rlT»rnf rTA ton r> A 1 «•% K ^+ a
Mais je suis Men tranquille. Nos moj|
dernes mercantis consentiraient au hgM
Il est matOriellement impossible d’Onume-
rer ici lea irmmbrables creations et dotations ] 5 !
que lui doit le monde entier. Il ne se passafiM'
point d’annCe qu’une invention riouvelle, un
problCme social, une grande infortune ne
tent&t la genOrosite de ce noble esprit sans
cesse pencliO sur la carte du monde pour y
chercher le bien qui s'y pouvait, qui s’y de-
vait faire.
Ce qui avait le plus manque a Carnegie
dans sa jeunesse, e’etaient les livres. Sa pre¬
miere fondation fut une bibliothOque. 11 de-
vait en fonder cinq mille, toutes construites
sur .le m6me modele, en forme de temple
surmontO d’un dome. Mais, une fois la bi«
bliothftque cOnstrule, garnie, complete enfin,
ii appartenait a la villa cu elle se trouvait
Mifiee d’en assurer l’entretien.
Oa lui doit egalement. la fondation de ri-
soin a assomraer un journaliste ou a cod
manditer une actrice, mais la se borneffi
km* philantropie !
^ de, .mascums..' erhistgiro ,.
Banoue Ottoman©. . . ....................
572 ..
463 ..
415 ..
436 ..
250 .
Rio-Tinto... .. ...
1870 ..
Sosnowice, action 500 f.
iliO ..
1 ,n it t.n rio.. . ......
283 ..
Azote .......
532 ..
Naphte. ....
340 ..
Sucreries d'Egypte .....
532 ..
OBLIGATIONS' FR&NQASSES
/ Obi. 1865'5 remb-SOO {...
- 1871 3 %, remb. 400f....
— 4871 quarts, remb, ICO f..
| - 1875 4 %■, remb. 500 f....
b - 1876 4 %, remb. 5001....
1 ~ 1802 2 %, remb. 4001..
1 - 1894-98, 2 1/2 %, remb. 400 1...
/ - 1898 2 %, remb. 500 1.
\ — 1890 (Metro), 2 %, remb. 500 1..
I — 1904 iM6trc),2T/2As,remb 5001.
V - - 1905 2 1/2 %, remb. 400 1......
f - 4910 (Metro) 2.3/4, 400f.,r. 4201.
1910 3 %, remb 4001,.
Cape Copper c/25...
Chartered c/25...
City Deepe/23......
Corocoro c/25...............W........
De Beers ord. c/10 ....
De Beers pr6f 40.
De Dietrich,.....
Eastern International c/25..
East Rand c/25........
Eslrellasc/10......
Malacca ord. c/25........
MaItzoff c/5..,.
Mexican Eagle pref. t. coup..
Mex ico ’ El Gro e /25.......
Montecatini t. coup...
MossamedCs c/23.
Mount Elliot c/25....,..
Mozambique c/25....
Padang....
Phosphates Tunisiens.. . ..:
Platine,...
Raisin de Corinthe....
Rand Mines c/25.j...
Sbaesi c/25....,»*..
Spassky.....
Spies Petroleum c/25.....'..
Taganrog.. ....
Toula c/5.....
Vins c/5 ..
Messageries Fluviules du.Congo.
Ili-Melal,..■...
Dnieprovienue.....
Hotchkiss...
Moteurs Gnome. .1....
Bruay ex>c 25,40...
Doubovvaia ....
Vieille-Montagne...
Etalns de Kiuta, parts.......
Sunratra cap.....
Tapanoeliecap.......
Monaco 1/5...,......... t ......«...
Colombia*.,......
Wyoming ord, c/5/1 0....
Groany,i ord.—’..
Algenenne : Prod nits chimiques.,......
Union Espagnoie Engrais..
Cables 1 Telegraphiques parts i” setrie.,
. — — parts 2« sdrio.-. ,
rvnr
33 50
69 50
795 .
214 ..
73 75
116 50
235 ...
. • . I;
325 50
438 50
IV
i'^ntaineUeau / \» mins de ter > ’■ »
d’exc * >
de si ,■ ■
sion-5 ii :v
Ces billet,
de la gar
Chet numero i.,
•“ .. au.s. personnes qu!
dai. “> but, d’utiilscr
«r auto .vs pour la visite de i
depart de Paris des billots d'exci
et de louer leur place A. l’avam
■1 vr/s dans la salle des Pas-Perd
;-Lyou, cOW depart, au
Services automobiles er.tre Vicfoy, CSiat
Guyou, Clermont-Ferrand (Royat),
Mcnt-Dore et la BourbeuI©
543 ..
403 ..
403 ..
46 73
296 ;;
386 ..
1790
365 ..
2200 ..
1975..
1327 IT
535 ..
659 ..
1760 .
128 50
HO ..
393 . .
58 ..
Les Compagnies des Chemins de fer
Paris & Lyon et a la Mdditerrande, et de 1
ris A Orleans, organisent, d’un comm
accord, du lundi 30 juin au jeudi 11 septe
bre, un service automobile aller et ret<
dans la m6me journSe, entre Vichy, Chd
Guyon. Clermont-Ferrand (Hoyat), Le Me
Dore et La Bourboule.
Ce service aura lieu les lundis et mere
dis, au depart, de Vichy ; les mardis et v
dredis, au depart de La Bourboule-Le Me
Dore.
Pour tous renseignements, s’adresser
l’agence P.-L.-M.. 88, rue Saint-Lazare ;
i’agence de la Compagnie d’Orldans, 16, 1
levard des Capucines, ou aux bureaux
ville, bureaux de renseignements, etc.,
deux'Compagnies.
Le iterant-. 0. Dutertre,'
Compose par La Cte Nile fie Presse et Libra.it
1 IMP I? I MTS RIF, FRANCAISE (M-Alsoi) .7. Da»f8
Georges DANGON, imprimenr
123, rue Montmartre: (23. Pari® •§!
ALL NEW YORK DAILIES ON FILF,^
SPresscllppinq £8ureau
332 oJ/lird *JYeeu ^onik
TESMS :
$85.for 1000 clippings $11.— f®r 250clipping*
$20.— for 500 clippings $5.— for 100 clippings
Special rates on yearly contracts.
|