HX64072134 RK656 L222 The inconsistency of /' v^'^-' iKMh, I.Z2^2 j College of ^t)?2Sician£f an& ^urgeonsJ Hitirarp Digitized by tine Internet Archive in 2010 witii funding from Open Knowledge Commons http://www.archive.org/details/inconsistencyofoOOIand THE INCONSISTENCY DF Our Code of Dental Ethics BY DR. C. H. LAND, DETROIT, MICH, ISSUED BY THE PORCELAIN DENTAL ART Co.. 264 Woodward Avenue. Detroit. IVIictx. PAID UP CAPITAL, $502,000.00 1888. T. HMITH, PBINTKR, 11 ROWLAND STREET, DETROIT. THE PORCELAIN DENTAL ART GO. Having purchased the patented inventions of Dr. C, H. Land for im- proved method of filling the natural teeth w^ith vitrified sections of por- celain, patented Dec. 20, 1887, and the application nov\^ on file, serial No. 247454, filed Aug. 20, 1887. And for Hydro- Carbon furnace, Pat. Jan. 3, 1888. And any person or persons appropriating to their ow^n use the above patents, renders each individual user, not furnished w^ith a license, responsible for such unlawful use, and all the consequences there- of, and liable to suit therefor. The manner of disposing of these inventions is to secure to the pur- chaser the right, for dental purposes. Dr. C. H. Land's continuous gum and crown furnaces; secondly the right for his new system of restoring the natural teeth, in color, shape and size, with metallic enamel sections; thirdly, his new system of coating and building up teeth with metallic enamel coats. For terms and particulars, address, IFOIE^CEXj-A-IOiT 3DE2^T.^ni4 -^I^T CO., 264 Woodward Ave DETROIT, MICH INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, Washington, 1887. Section of Dental and Orat, Surgeky, } Chillicothi], Ohio, March, 1887. \ Dr. C. H. Land, Detroit, Mich.: Dear Sir — I herewith advise you that the Council of the Section of Dental and Oral Surgery of the Ninth International ."^Icdical Congress, to he held at Washington, D. C, September 5th, 1887, have sugge;^ted your name to its Executive Committee as one of tljose who should receive a special invita- tion to become a member of the Congress and take ja t in its proceedinus. Please inform me by enclosed postal card if such an invitation will l)e accepted by you. F. H. REHWINKEL, Secretary Secfion X f V/. Section of Dental and Oral Surgery. XI HTH J. TAFT, M. D., D.D.S., President, Cincinnati, Ohio, U. S. A. INTERN ATIOK AT. AMERICAN Secretaries. E. A. BOGUE, M. D., D.D.S. No. 39 East 20th st.. New York, U.S.A. '^* WaslnilgtOH, D. C., U. S. A., MEDICAL CONGRESS. ■sliington^ D. C., U September^ j, iSS-j. F. H. REHWINKEL, M. D., D.D.S., Chillicothc, Ohio, U. S. A. Chillicothe, Ohio., U. S. A., July 13, 1887. Dr. C. H. Land, Detroit, Mich. : Dear Sir — Dr. Taft, the President of Section 17, I. M. Congress, directs me to say to you that the enclosed advertisement disqualifies you to become a member of the Congress, such advertisement being a violation of the Code of Ethics. This, however, will not shut you out from exhibiting your fm-nace or demonstrating your work — occupying the same position as other exhibitors do. Very trulv yours, F. H. REHWINKEL, Secretary Section AT'//. Detroit, Mich., July 1.5th, 1887. Dk. F. H. Rehwinkp:l. Dear Sir — Referring to your favor of the 13th, I understand that the lirimary motive of the Code of Ethics is to prevent quackery, cheating, inis- rei)resenting the truth, etc., and if I felt guilty of such proceedings your President's decision would be justified. On the contrary, if I am to infer that your Code of Ethics is so arbitrary as to prevent me from making a judicious use of the public i)ress or any other legitimate way of disseminating the truth to the public, then my only resource will be to observe the rules of our ))rofession as non-republican in .spirit, smd adverse to the be.st interest of pro- -rressive men. [ regret exceedingly that such a fine line .shoidd be drawn in my case. I'nder the circum.stauces you (;aiinot consistently expect nu; to take part in any of your .sections or proceedings. yoiirs truly, C. H, LAND. Advkrtisement Kefkkreij to in the Letter. BADLY DECAYED TEETH Can be restored to their original appearance so perfectly that the art is concealed, by DE. C. H. LAND'S NEW PORCELAm PROCESS These improvements make it possible to restore every condition of decay to their original appearance in shape, size and color. Undeveloped teeth can lie enlarged to their ijroper size, and made to appear perfect. Old roots can have artificial crowns attached to them, and when made to antagonize become as useful as ever. Large and conspicuous gold fillings can have porce- lain' sections placed over them and thus hide their glaring appearance. Devitalized teeth that have become discolored can have an artificial coat of enamel placed over them and be so thoroughly re- newed in aijpearance that the art is concealed. -■^ The above illustrate.s a practical piece of work, indicating the amount of porcelain added in order to restore the original shape, size and color perfectly. By appointment see specimens of this work that have been in use from three to six years, at the office. 264 Woodward Avenue, Reprinted from the "Archives of Dentistry." DR. C. H. LAND'S PATENT Bv Dk. J. A. ROBINSON, of Jackson, Michigan. That the new method invented by Dr. Land is a step forward in the dental art, there can be no doubt. That it covers a great w^ant long felt by the profession, must be admitted by the advanced thinkers and workers in dentistry who have paid any attention to the subject, will have to be acknowledged by those who practice it and become familiar ^vith its workings and merits. It is a porce- lain system of restoring teeth in the simplest manner to the cavities of decayed teeth, and broken sections of teeth, to cover the defects and restore them to their normal appearance and usefulness. It is a new method of the old plan of continuous gum work applied to filling, teeth, and corresponds somewhat to the improved methods of electricity as compared with the first discovery by Dr. Franklin. But, Dr. Land has a patent, and believes in advertising, and makes it a condition with those who would use his patent that thev must advertise it; and that is forbidden by the code of ethics. For more than twenty years we have written and spoken in favor of 7nodest advertising. It is the right and duty of the den- tist to inform the public in any legitimate way about his profession, provided he tells the truth and does not promise what he is unable to perform. It is an American privilege and is in keeping with the push that is practiced in every department of life: and even the pulpit is not exempt from it. We gave the Robinson remedy for pyorrhoea to the profession, preferring the honor of the discovery to anything that „could be made out of it. It has paid largely m commendation and good will among man}' of the best operators all over the land. As an (jbtunder for sensitive dentine, it is effective and safe ; the only diffi- culty is that oftentimes those who attempt to make it are inade- quate to the task. Dr. Land intended to present his patent to the profession at the international meeting at Washington if he had not been shut off from the exhibition because he had published a pamphlet contain- ing diagrams of his invention and illustrating his improvement. Dr. Land was called to an account before the Michigan dental so- ciety, at their last meeting, for offensive aci\'ertising, and was sensi- tive on that subject, so he withdrew from tlie international meet- ing, and also from the American Dental Association. Wc think his invention is too valuable to be ]5ushed aside \^\ any technicality, or any worn out code of gthics, or any false uo- tions about professional character. If the code of ethics is wrong; if it belongs to the past generations ; to the rise of lords and nobil- ity — let it be adjusted to meet the wants of the liberalism of to-day. We cannot afford to lose so many of our progressive men as would be forced to leave, if we put a strict construction upon the ethics as they are now in force among, the medical and dental pro- fessions. Professions are made strong by what they include^ rather than by what they exclude. We have removed large gold fillings in the front teeth and re- placed them with porcelain caps before the Land patent was intro- duced, but the process was long and wearisome to the operator and the patient. With Dr. Land's method most of the work is done in the laboi'atory, when the patient is dismissed, until the cap is enam- eled, and then it is inserted in a ver}^ short time. The great advantage of the new system is the most perfect adaptation, and the means brought about to accomplish the result by his new furnace and a series of different colored bodies, mat- trices, etc., to obtain the exact shape and shade of the natural teeth. These fillings are to take the place of all other fillings, from the smallest filling to the entire crown of the tooth. I have seen Dr. Land's pamphlet, and have made him a visit, and bave seen the practical results of the new system of work. If the Land process is as serviceable as it now promises, it can- not be used where most needed, without some modification of Dr. Land's condition of sale or alteration of the code of ethics. It is for the profession to decide, whether they will sacrifice the code of ethics or the men. As the affair now stands, the members are not allowed to push the product of their own brains before the public; but must sacrifice a large portion of their time and thought through a combination of dental dealers, who will not allow an article to come before the profession except through a combination, who have no interest to subserve but their own. If they cannot control an improvement, or an invention, they straightway strangle it in its infancy, or strive to prevent its being introduced to the profession, by refusing to handle it unless they can have the control and man- agement of it; and even then it is destroved if it conflicts with any products manufactured by the combination. It savors too much of vicarious atonement, and ought to be relegated to the things of the past. Our medical brethren do not have to contend against any com- bination, and the code of ethics in this city has so demoralized the medical society here that their meetings have been discontinued. The regulars and irregulars consult together, to try and help humanity; the men have out-grown the ethics. Do not let the den- tists fall into any such ancient ruts of the past, as to destroy the in- terest in their societies that h^ve been such helps to themselves ^nd the world, THE INCONSISTENCY OF OUR CODE OF DENIAL ETHICS. By Dk. C. H. land, Detroit, Mich. When our Dental fathers formulated a set of rules for the reg- ulations of our social morals or precepts, their motives were excellent in proportion as the desire was to prevent quackerv, cheating, misrepresenting, etc., and as far as this act is concerned it becomes a law by common consent of the people. But when your code of ethics distinctly prohibits the judicious use of the public press and all other legitimate means of advertising, it over- steps the bounds of reason, becomes despotic in its nature and adverse to the best interests of progressive men. According to Webster, a code of ethics may be true or false, exceedingly arbi- trary, depending on the will of those who are dii"ectly interested, absolute in power, and governed by no law. Thus it becomes in a large degree tyrannical, inconsistent, and not compatible with moral sentiments. Referring to that 2Dortion of the code where it becomes unprofessional to resort to public prints, etc., the penalty being expulsion from the society. This practically is a proclama- tion that it is dishonorable to make a judicious use of the greatest of all mediums for the dissemination of the truth. Is it possible that so intelligent a body of men have failed to comprehend the \a\ue of our daily press for rapidly imparting knowledge to the people — privileges that have made this one of the most enlightened and progressive countries in the woi'ld ? Do they take into con- sideration that thousands of people are suffering from badly decayed teeth and resorting to the barbaric methods of extraction simply because you have failed to provide a literature that the pub- lic might be made aware of the rapid progress made in modern dental art? Have you informed them that no teeth need be extracted ? Have you spread the news that artificial crowns could be attached to roots? iVb, but on the contrary your efforts have been to muzzle the public press. Nay, you have gone still further. Your code practically nullifies one of the most generous acts of our government when it prohibits members from dealing in patents. Perhaps no class of men needs to be remunerated for their invent- • fi ivc genius nioi'o than those wlio follow a profession, with limited means and an occupation that requires contant personal supervi- sion, otherwise no income can accrue, knowing that, when sickness ovei"takes, the whole machine stops, while expenses continue. Yet in the face of these facts \'our efforts are to completely annihilate e\erN- prospect of the in\entor, and as a result \<)u force his hard- earned biead into the hands of the dental manufacturer, to whom \()u seem perfectly willing to pay that which belongs to the in- \entor. In other words, it is perfectly proper foi* the dental man- ufacturer to jDatent every tool or product, but the dentist; oh, no; it is unprofessional— not quite ethical to handle his own patent. Perhaps the nature of some inventions are more appropriate in the hands of the manufacturer, but there are others, such as bridge work, that must be handled by the dentist alone and worked on the license or royalty plan. The government grants to the inventor the exclusi\'e right, for the term of seventeen years, to handle his inventions entirely in his own interests, and by what authority can others expect to share these privileges except at his pleasure? If, for example, it was his desire to monopolize, for his own use, the entire city of New York, including all others, granting no licenses, upon what grounds could others be justified in demanding a divi- sion excejot by paying just what he choose to ask, and if not worth the price let it alone for seventeen years, when all can share equal advantages. Is there any good reason why the practicing dentist should not enjoy the same advantages as the dental depot located in a city of 300,000 inhabitants? No other dealer can become established except by consent of the Dental Trade Association. ►Suppose we form a coinbination and permit only a certain agreed number of dentists to practice in each place. Why not? This act of the D. T. A. is equivalent to a patent, if not greater in its con- trol, being the branch of a grand head center whose very life dejoends on maintaining the highest prices for its wares. In plain English, a gigantic monopoly that bids fair to last forever, while the poor pi-actitioner cannot expect his little side show to exist longer than seventeen years. These same monopolists base their power on the patent S3^stem, and are remarkably persevering in securing letters patent on every tool, art or product. Reconcile these discordant things as best you can, and the}- will be at vari- ance with soimd sense and true business principles. With such glaring errors emanating from those who assume to he the representative men of the profession, is it any wonder that out of a grand total of 12,000 practicing dentists the largest aver- age yearly meetings are seldom over 300. Clearly there must be something radically wrong, and the time must be about ripe when the masses of the profession will find it to their advantage to form an Independent Dental Society that will have a little moi'e charity in its heart in favor of their inventors and a wider interest extended to the suffering public especially through the medium of the press. These facts were placed before the Association and, after a short discussion pro and con, the following withdrawal was ac- cepted : NIAC4ARA Falls, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1887. To the President and Members of the American Dental Association : Gentlemen — Being the inventor and patentee of several improvements in the Art of Dentistry, which require modes of handling contrary to the rules of your ethics, I therefore ask that my name be stricken from the list as a member. Yours very respectfully, C. H. LAND. SIONIFIC^NT. In consideration of the adverse feeling of all Dental Societies who uphold an exceedingly arbitrary code of ethics and are bit- terly opposed to patents and the judicious use of the public press, I feel justified in protecting my interests. Having secured patents on my inventions, it will be my privilege not to allow any one the right of use until it is agreed to judiciously advertise the same in the public press, for I believe that it is a fundamental principle of success to make known any and all improvements as rapidly as possible, using every honest means at our command. Indeed, I am sure that it becomes our duty to publicly announce the benefits to be derived from any source, and he who will take this broad and liberal viev/ cannot be adjudged dishonorable. And in accord- ance with the sentiments here expressed, I deem it appropriate to give a short description of my work, in the following pages, so that the public may better coin))rchcnd the value of my efforts. Respect fully, C. II. LAND, 8 Freeport, 111., Nov, 22, 18S7. Dear Dr. Land: Can't vou come over and help us at our next State Society meeting, to be held at Cairo in May? We have not seen the overcoats made or the new furnace operated, and as we expect to have a very large meeting, we extend to you a most cordial invi- tation. Now don't say no, but come and do us good. We are going to make clinics a special feature at our meeting and expect experts from all sides. Please answer me favorably as soon as possible and oblige Yours truly, W. H. TAGGART, Chairman Ex. Com. Detroit, Nov. 28, 1887. VV. H. Taggart, D. D. S., Freeport, 111.: Dear Sir — As the patentee of inventions for the benefit of the public generally, it would not be consistent for me to accept your kind invitation. A careful study of the interests of the inventor and those of all dental gatherings will clearly demonstrate that the principles involved are directly opposed to each other. The motives that prompt men to meet together are distinguished li}' the desire for mutual benefit, while those of the patentee are very much abbreviated, and in the absence of any substantial efforts on the part of our societies to provide suitable rewards for meritorious inventions, it entitles the patentee to qualify as one who, in the absence of your mutual support, can take no other course than entirely in his own interests, which, as I have before mentioned, is directly opposed to all dental gatherings, and your code -of ethics specifically announces the fact. For this reason together with several others that will be found in m}^ pamphlet entitled, "The Inconsistencies of Our Code or Dental Ethics" — a cop}' of which will be mailed to your address — I have found it necessary to withdraw from all dental societies. I can assure you that to deprive myself of the privileges to be derived from meeting on equable terms with my fellow co-laborers is to relinquish a pleasure that will be keenly felt as a great loss. In declining this invitation, it is niy desire to place before your committee the exact position that circumstances have outlined for me by jji'i^ctically informing you that my patents are to be governed strictly accord- ing to the nature of the invention. And as the real value of a patent depends oil its securing exclusive territory, therefore In order to make it valuable to the purchaser, have decided to grant exclusive licenses for town, city and counties. I am convinced that this is the only way in which to handle process patents. Thank- Yours truly, C. H. LAND. ing you for the interest taken Dl^. C. H. LAND'S COMPOUND Gas or Gasoline Furnace, JP^-TEaTTEIS TJ!i.a^^, 3cL, ISSS. 10 size No. 1, especially adapted for continuous gum work, all kinds of muffle work, crucible work, blowpipe work, forging and brazing. It is tlie most complete furnace ever devised ff)r the chemist, assayer, je\\'eler, dentist and metallurgist. The range of vv(n'k that can be accomplished with it is practically \vithout limit. Iron, brass and steel castings weighing from 2 to 12 pounds can be made in from 7 to 30 minutes. A muffle 8 inches long, 3^^ inches wide, 2 14 inches high inside measurement, can be heated to over 3240'-' F. in 25 minutes, suffijient to melt Nvrought iron. Fig. 1 represents the furnace closed and ready for muffle work. A A is iron pipe, capable of both a sliding and swinging motion. (See L Fig. 2), to which the door or plug is securelv attached. There is a small hole in the door, covered with a piece of mica, through which all operations can be seen. Observe that the iron pipe is connected to rubber tubing B, and with pipe having an air cock C, which regulates the quantitv of air passing into the mouth of the muffle. It will also be noticed that the pipe passes over the two holes D D, thus bv the escaping flame the pipe is heated to red- ness and provides a superheated air before reaching the muffle; this column of air forced into the muffle keeps up a counter press- ure within, so much greater than the pressure produced by the blast within the fire chamber, that all foul gases are presented from entering the muffle even though it is cracked ; thus the most delicate porcelain can be baked without the least danger of so- called gasing. Also it will be seen that by connecting the rubber pipe with retorts or gasometers any desired vapor or gas could be forced into the muffle, making the furnace invaluable for scientific experiments. Fig. 2 illustrates the furnace thrown open, being swung on hinges at the back, exposing the muffle E. The groove F P is packed with asbestos fibre, so that w^hen the sections are brought together the furnace will be perfectly air and gas tight. The hooks F F are to hold the upper section secure to the lower. The gas and air connections are so arranged that the ordinar}- blowpipe can be attached as shown at G. When the muffle E is removed, it exposes two burners and a fire-brick surface made to fit the vari- ous appliances for crucible, ladle and blowpipe work. One or both burners can be operated in conjunction with the blowpipe G, The air cock R is to provide a means for shutting off the air supply from either buiner when required. II is the gas supply, K air pipe connecting with the bellows. Size of muffle, inside measure- ment, 8 inches long, 2% inches high, 3i^ inches wide. With gas- oHne gas porcelain teeth can he enameled in from 10 to 15 min- utes; ordinary city gas in from 15 to 25 minutes, according to quality. In 80 minutes a heat sufficient to destroy the muffle can ])e jiroduced, which indicates a temperature of over 3240'-' F,, much higher than is ever needed for all kinds of work, except the fusing of ])latinum. Three-eighths-inch gas pipe will supply sufficient gas, and can he worked with ordinary foot hellows. THE CI^OT7s7-3:T ^'-U"I^I^^^i^CE is about one-fourtli the size of No. I— muffle 3 inches long, Ij^ inches in diameter. It is a /ar ^/w/Ze of No. 1, liaving blowpipe in\i\ crucible attachment, and is especially adapted for enamel fill- ings, crown and sectional block work; is much easier to opei'ate than Nf). I and does the work more rajiidK . 12 Re-printed from '•'■Items of Interest^'' October^ iS36. ARE HYDRO-OARBON OR GAS FURNACES A SUCCESS? By Dr. C. H. LAND, Detroit, Mich. For those who are not familiar with the nature of liydi'o-car- lions, the philosophy of their combustion, etc., gas furnaces are not satisfactory; but the mastery of a few definite facts will make the whole subject plain and the process easy. During the past year it has been my pleasure to bake over one hundred sets of continuous gum Avork, also sections of block work, porcelain, etc. This I have done with no more trouble than to turn on the desired quan- tity of gas and air and wait till the operation of baking was com- pleted. Starting from a cold muffle it requires but fifteen minutes for the first biscuit, ten minutes for the second, and fifteen minutes to enamel, and where two furnaces are emploved a slab of sectional block teeth can be enameled every five minutes in the most perfect manner, w^ith unerring precision. Some gas furnaces have been a failure principally on account of their liability to gas the teeth. The accompanying illustration w^ill make the philoso- phy of combustion more clear and give the reasons why teeth are injured. A represents the burner, B B B fire-brick lining; C C C combustion chamber, D interior of mufiie. The arrows indicate 13 the direction of the blast. The space in the combustion chamber between the lines E E is where carbon monoxide(c o) is formed — a gas containing one equivalent less of oxygen than carbon dioxide — simply an imperfect state of combustion. It is this gas that in- jures the body and the enamel. By reference to the illustration it will be seen that the little arrows are made to appear passing through the pores of the muffle, and as the direction of the blast from the burner A is directly against the bottom of the muffle, with a pressure of one pound to the square inch, a portion of the carbon monoxide (c o) is extremely liable to be forced through its pores and will be taken up with the body during the first and sec- ond biscuiting, here to remain until the enameling process; and as this takes a much higher degree of heat, it causes the gas to be eliminated, as shown in the numerous small bubbles on the sur- face. The space between the lines E E and within the combus- tion chamber C C C, should be known as the first stage of com- bustion, where a certain portion of carbon monoxide (c o) is always present, and the space between the lines G and E, within the chamber C, should be known as the second stage of combustion. In the first stage of combustion one equivalent of oxygen from the atmosphere unites with the hydro-carbon to form carbon monoxide (c o);in the second stage, two unite to form carbon dioxide (c o^ ), or carbonic acid. In m}- first experiments in baking porcelain with hvdro-carbon fuels, nitrogen was injected into the muffle as a protection to the teeth, and proved highly successful. Further investigation has shown that porcelain can be baked satisfactorily by using a little air. Fig 1 represents my new furnace closed and ready for muffle work. In Fig. 2 see exposed position of muffle. A A, Fig. 1, is iron pipe capable of both a sliding and a swinging motion (see L, Fig. 2), to which the door or plug is securely attached. Rubber tubing B, Fig. 1, connects with air supply at cock C. This regulates the quantity of air passing into the muffle. In the illustration you have seen that the monoxide of carbon (co) is extremely liable to penetrate the muffle. We will assume that a small portion has entered the muffle; then what could be more reasonable than to force in a small quantity of air to unite with (c o) to form (co/). To prove the theory correct, the entire upper portion of the muffle can be perforated with holes; this will ,'illow the products of combustion (c o^ ) to pour in it a constant 14 stream, and \ ct a set of Iccth can lie leaked succcssfiilh' witliout anv (lanj^er of ^asing, thoiii^h, o\\in<4' to the one e(]ui^■alent of car- I1011 a sliij^ht discoloration of the enamel will be observed. By ])erforatin^' the muffle with three i^-inch holes on the upper por- tion of the rear end it will gi^'e vent to foul gases, and when a current of air is passed in at the front the tendency would be to j)ass out at the rear. As this current of air consists of nitrogen and oxygen, the latter would unite with any (c o) that might be present, leaving an excess of the former. Nitrogen not uniting radically with anything, serves as a protection to substances placed within the muffle. It has been customary to perforate the end of the muffle in coal or coke furnaces, and as the natural draft would draw a siiffi- cient quantity of air through the muffle, any monoxide of carbon 23resent would be eliminated, consequently teeth were not gased un- less placed in a cracked muffle. In all hydro-carbon furnaces it is necessary to use a blast to secure the required amount of heat, and the pressure must be at least one pound to the square inch; this is to force the proper amount of oxygen into the combustion cham- ber. Perfect combustion will not take place in natural-draft gas furnaces, because a sufficient quantity of air cannot be drawn into the combustion chamber without the use of a positive blast; it there- fore becomes necessary to force both the air and the gas under pressure into the combustion chamber, the higher the pressure the greater the heat. My office is located in a building where steam power is available, from this I secure an air supplv, conducted by means of gas jDipes, into my laboratory, so that by slmplv turning on a supply of gas and air, teeth are baked with much less trouble than vulcanizing. Where it is customarv to bake ever}- day, a motive power is the most desirable, but where only an occasional set of teeth is required, the ordinary foot bellows answers better. But fif- teen minutes of pumping is sufficient for each bake, and wnth a little assistance the work is comparativelv easv. The Use of Gasoline. — During the past year I have been using 74 gasoline with as perfect results as any other hydro-carbon; and with the ordinary foot bellows, as manufactured by the Buffalo Dental Manufacturing Co., I can bake a set of continuous gum work in fifteen minutes, starting from a cold muffle. All kinds of cruicible work and soldering with the blow-pipe, can be done 15 e([ually well as with city j^as. One gallon of gasoline, costing fif- teen cents, will bake a set of teeth. Therefore, dentists living in localities where there is no gas can secure equal advantages in the use of 74 gasoline. City gas, at $2.50 per thousand feet, will cost about the same. TESTIMONIALS, Dk. Land: Dear Sir : — Having used one of your gas furnaces in my office for the last eight months. I confidently recommend it to any one who desires to do original w^ork. By its use a finer class of den- tal operations can be performed, such as porcelain fillings, enamel facings, restoring crowns and piAoting, which are not practicable without it. It bakes continuous gum work beautifully, and no dan- ger of gasing it; is simple and easily managed, after a little practice. To use the words of one prominent in the profession, "it will be a brighter da}^ for dentistry when our better men introduce and use furnaces in their offices, for it will be an indication of better work done." The Land Gas Furnace simplifies the process of baking mater- ially. I may also add that I find 3-our furnace admirably adapted for melting, soldering, and even brazing purposes. D. V. BEACOCK. Brockville, Canada. Des Moines, Iowa, August 14, 1887. I)k. C. H. Land, Detroit, Mich.: . « Dear vSir — Enclosed find draft on N. Y. for $3.95 for the three muffles and two slides. I think you have made an improve- ment on the old style muflflcs. I have baked a set of continuous gum teeth in the new^ muffle, and several enamel fillings, and the longest time, from a cold muffle, was twenty-eight minutes; and all came out perfect — could not ask anything nicer. Since getting in my one-quarter horse-power electric motor, have no trouble w^ith checks in the enamel, and have not had to turn a case around to get an even bake; it comes out baked all over alike. You could not get me to go back to the coke furnace again. Since I was up to your city last April, hav(; baked quite a numbgr of sets of contin- uous gum teeth, and enamel fillings, and some of them were baked in cracked muffles that I could see through, and as yet have the first piece of work to come out gased; and that is what you can't do on a coke furnace. My motor runs the blower a little too fast — about 1,000 revolutions jDer minute — so I enlarged the pulley on the blower about one-half inch, to cut down speed, and now it is about right. I hope you will get around here this fall, for 1 want you to see my outfit. I have it so arranged that I would rather bake a set of continuous gum teeth than to vulcanize a set of rub- ber. Dr., I got your pamphlet you sent me, and I like the ring of it. If we were alloWed the use of the press to inform the public what we can do for them, there would be a less number of teeth sacri- ficed, but as it is now, we can only enlighten them as they come to our ofiices. I hope you will come out of the fight on top. Dr., if you want to use my name in regard to the furnace, you are at a per- fect liberty to do so. Anything I have said m this letter in favor of the furnace you are at liberty to use over my signature, or I will get you up a testimonial. Respectfully yours, C. THOMAS. 17 Jrom " The Cente7-r WONDERS IN D ENTISTRY. Dr. C. H. Land, of Detroit, Makes Improvements of Rare Excellence and Wins the Gratitude of Thousands Who Suffer. Ever since the time when teeth first began to ache there has been most earnest inquiry as to what could be done to alleviate the distress. The "heroic" method of suffering patiently was not suf- ficient to meet the emergencies of the case, it being speedily found that the only effectual way was to go to the "root of the matter," and in some way stop the pain. The first remedy was the barbaric, and only permissible because the ignorance of the times could des- ignate nothing else — a remedy none the less barbaric because con- tinued by many respectable practitioners at the present time, namely : extraction. The tooth once out, its individual pain surely ceased, save as it often left an "aching void." But teeth once out were out permanently, and experience was not long- in deciding: that it were better far to save the teeth if possible, some way being devised to stop the pain and arrest the one great cause — decay — inducing it. Hence the discovery or invention of the method or rather methods of filling. This discov- ery was without doubt a wonderful one, and one which justly excited the gratitude of nations. Tooth filling with gold, silver and various compounds is still in vogue, accomplishing great good ; and, also, in view of the better way of most recent science, accom- plishing great harm ; indeed, this tooth-filling harm or evil, like the evil of tooth-pulling, is so great as at the least to invite the serious attention of every true friend of his race. The most recent remedy of science for diseased teeth to whicli we refer, is not a process by which they are taken out or filled, but one by which they are buii.t up of material akin to their own. This is a process which Dr. Land has discovered and brought to a perfection that entitles him to his present place of prominence. By this process dentistry is placed on an entirely new basis, making an epoch in the history of this wonderful department