SYMBOLICAL. HEAD: The na- ture of each faculty is represented by the picture. Firmness by the pyramid and the human individuality by an ob- server with a telesf.ope. Acquisitive- ness by the miser c>»unting his gold. Secretiveness by the fox provuling for the chickens, etc. IN PHRENOLOGY. RevisGd by Nelson Sizer. NEW YORK: FOWLER & WELLS CO., PUBLISHERS, 775 Broadway. ■0 Olxoice of ^remi-a.2:2as. o ja S « fl 3 " » ^1^ IP lis dH » «^ ft'E >^ g.^ 3 B P CC gia> go p.a> g ^ "f'<^ o s.&c so E » -T' o o ^ THE ^•^J n ^ \!r tZj ^ 5c PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL Is widely known in America and Europe, hav ing been before the reading world fifty years and occupying a place in literature exclusively its own, viz., the study of Human Nature in all its phases, including Phrenology, Physiognomy, Ethnology, Physiology, etc., to- gether with the "Science of Health," and no expense will be spared to make it the best publication for general circulation, tending always to make men better Physically^ Mentally, and Morally. Parents and teachers should read the Journal, that they may bet- ter know how to governand train their children. Young people should read the JotraNAL that they may make the most of themselves. It has long met with the hearty approval of the press and the people. iV. T. 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DVL-MBoa - 1890. 6 QX ^ i£x Sltbna SEYMOUR DURST Entered according to Act of Congress, in tlio year 1889. By rOWLEE & WELLS COMPANY, In the Oliice at the Librarian of Congress, at Waslimgtou. :aUoti 1 Hope TUD( Bublimity ""On. "es, Seerei;-. MODEL HEAD. NUMBERING AND DEFINITION OF THE ORGANS. Amativeness, Love between the sexes. Conjugality, Matrimouj^— love ot one. Pareutal Love, Kegard tor offspring, pots, etc. Friendship, Adhesiveness— sociability. Inhabitiveness, Love of home. Continuity, One thing at a time. Vitativeness, Love of life. Combatlveness, Resistance—defense. Destructivencss, Fxecutiven ess— force. Aliinentiveness, Ai3petite— liunger. Acquisitiveness, Accumulation. Secretiveness, Policy— management. Cautiousness, Prudence— provision. Approbativeness, Ambition— display. Self-Esteem, Self-respect— dignity. Firmness, Decision— perseverance. ■Conscientiousness, Justice, e(iuity. Hope, Expectation— enterprise, Spirituality, Intuition—faith— credulity. Veneration, Devotion—respect. Benevolence, Kindness— goodness. 20. Constructiveness, Mechanical ingenuity, 21. Ideality, liefinemont — taste— purity. J3, Sublimity, Love of j^randeur— infinitude. 22. Imitation, Copyijig- patterning. 23. Mirthfulness, .locoseness— wit— fun. 24. Individuality, Observation— desire to see. 2o. Form, RecoUejtuii of shape. 20. Size, Measuring by the eye. 27. Weight, Balancing— climbing. 28. Color, Judgment of colors. 29. Older, Mebliod— system— arrangement. 30. Calculation, Mental arithmetic. . 31. Locality, Kecollection of places. 32. Eventuality, Memory of facts. 33. Time, Cognizance of duration. 34. Tune, Sense of harmony and melody. 35. Language, Expression of ideas. 3G. Causality, Applying causes to effect. 37. Comparison, Inductive reasoning- illus- tration, C. Human Nature, Perception of motives. D. Agreeableness, Pleasantness— suavity. iii Por a Tull Explanation of This Table, and the Marking of CONDITIOlSrS. Organic Quality Health Vital Temperament . . Breathiag Power . . . . Circulatory Power . . . Digestive Power Motive Temperament, Mental Temperament. Activity Excitaltility Size of Brain — incites. 1. Amativeuess A. Conjugality 2. Parental Love . . . 3. Friendship 4. Inhabitiveness. . . 5. Continuity E. Vitativeness . . . . 6. Combativeness. . . 7. Destructiveness . . 8. Alimentiveness . . 9. Acqui.sitiveness . . 10. Secretiveness, . . . 11. Cautiousness . . . . 12. Approbativeness 13. Self -Esteem 14. Firmness PAGE 12 ^1 13 18 22 26 27 29 33 38 18 13 13 18 19 23;-_ 23 26 27 ,..'28 29 34 49 ain or ache, or become tired ; can do and endure almost any and everything ; withstand miasma and disease remarkably ; recuperate readily ; experience a certain gush, glow, vivacity, and briskness in the action of all the faculties ; as well as the highest and most perfect flow and exercise of each of the life-functions. 6.— Are healthy and happy ; exercise all the organs with vigor and power ; turn everything into pleasure, and dash off trouble as if a mere trifle, and yet can endure any amount of pain and exposure ; feel jubilant and joyous year in and year out ; and do everything easily, all the functions being con- densed and hearty, and the whole being full of snap and life. 5.— Have a good, full share of life-force, vigor, and vivac- ity—of health, happiness, desire and ability to perform, enjoy, AS ATFECTING MENTALITY. 19 and aocomplisli ; can stand a good deal, but must not go too far, and have sufifioient stamina for all practical purpose, but 'none to spare or waste foolishly. 4.— Have fair, average health, if it is well cared for, yet are sometimes subject to ailments; are in the main healthy and happy, but must live regularly ; experience rather a tame, mechanical action of all the faculties, instead of that zest and rapture imparted by perfect health ; can accomplish and enjoy much, but must take things leisurely ; if careful, can live on and wear a good while yet, but if careless, are liable to break down suddenly and finally ; and become irritable, dis- satisfied, dull, forgetful, and easily fatigued, and must cher- ish what health r-emains. 3.— Are deficient in animation and recuperative power, and feel tired and good for nothing most of the time; with activ- ity 6 or 7 are constantly overdoing, and working up in mental or iDhysical action those energies which ought to go to the restoration of health, not to labor ; need abundance of rest and recreation, and give out at once if deprived of sleep ; must stop all unnecessary vital drains, such as chewing, smoking, drinking, late hours, and all forms of dissipation, and should eliminate all the vitality possible, but expend the least. 2.— Are wealdy, sickly, and inert ; feeble in desire and effort ; capable of enduring and enjoying but little; live a monoton- ous, listless, oare-fcr-nothing, half-dead-and-alive life, and must either restore health or give up, and enjoy compara- tively nothing. 1.— Having barely life enough to keep soul and body to- gether ; are just alive, and have almost lost life's pleasures, 1 owers, desires, and aspirations. TO CULTIVATE.— First ascertain what causes your disease or debility; if heart, lungs, muscles, stomach, etc., are marked low, apply special culture to the weak organs— see the cultiva^ tion of each- and assiduousl.y study the health-laws, and con- scientiously fulfill them, making everything else subservient thereto. Especially take extra pains to supply vitality, but waste none in any form of excess. EESTEAIN lOU NEED NOT.-Health can not be too good. 20 IliF. TEMPERAMENTS. When, however, rou find a surplus of animal vigor, work it lip in one or another of life's or.ds and efforts. 4.-THE TEMPERAMENTS. This term has long been employed to designate certain physical constitutions as indicative of certain mental char- acteristics. The idea expressed in our definition of "heredi- tary organism" is very like that of the temperaments. They were formerly classified thus : The Nervous, indicated by light complexion, large brain, and smaller stature, and indi- cating superior talents, refinement, and scholarship; the Bilious, indicated by dark complexion, large bones, pow- erful muscles, prominent features, and a large and spare form, and indicating by a supposed surplus of bile, irritability, violence of passion, and melanchcly, along with strength of character; the Sanguine, indica'^cd by a florid complexion, sandy hair, blue eyes, fullness of person, and abundance of blood, and indicating warmth, aidor, impulsiveness, and lia- bility to passional excesses ; and the Lymphatic, indicated by full, plethoric habit, distended abdomen, excessive adipose deposit, and indicating a good, cosy, lax, enjoying disposition, with a stronger pvcclivity to sensuous pleasures, rather than intellect or action of any kind. But this classification is practi- cally discarded. We piopound the following NEW CLAS.SIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS OF TEMPEEAMENT.S. Man is composed physically of three great classes of organs, the i)rcdominancG or deficiency of each of which is called a predominant or deficient temperament, both giving a particu- lar form to the body— s-hape being its index— and likewise a particular set of phrenological developments, and consequent traits of character. That is, given forms of body indicate and acctmiany special talents, dispositions, and mental pro- clivities ; and the art in delineating x)hrenological character depends in a great degree on reading correctly the tempera- ment and organic conditions, and their controlling influence on character ; for they exert, as it were, the ground-swell as to the direction and action of the phrenological manifestations. Thus Causalty, M ith the vital temperament predominant, takes on the phase of planning, of common sense, of reasoning on matter, of adapting ways and means to ends, etc. But with THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. 21 the nervous or mental predominant, the same sized Casualty manifests itself in logic, metaphysics, investigation, the orig- ination of ideas, in intellectual clearness and power, etc. And it requires the sharpest eye and clearest head in the examiner to discern the bearings and influences of these temperaments and organic conditions on the intellectual and moral mani- festations. And the mistakes of amateurs, of connoisseurs even, are more temperamental than phrenological. Still they are sometimes consequent on health conditions. Thus the same person in one state of health is irritable, violent, pas- sional, perhaps even sensual and wicked, who in another physical condition is amiable, even-tempered, moral, and good. A given amount of ideality is much more ideal, of language much more expressive, of the affections more affectional, and moral tone more lofty, in combination with the mental tem- perament than vital. But our proposed limits do not allow us to extend our observations. Still, the following descrip- tions give the outline, and put incLuiiers on the track of further observations. 5.-THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. This embraces the heart, lungs, stomach; liver, bowels, and that entire system of internal organs which creates life- force. The large end of a good egg is warmer than its other parts, because its vitality resides there; but, this cold, life is extinct. Incubate it a short time, and break the shell at this end, and you will find the heart palpitating and blood-vessels formed— the yolk furnishing the required nutrition. The vital appara- tus forms first, and deposits the material for forming the other portions ; is more active during juvenility than the other parts ; sustains the whole animal economy ; is the source of all power and energy ; creates animal heat ; resists cold and heat, disease and death ; and re-sujiplies muscle, brain, and nerve with that life-power expended by their every exertion. It is to the man what fire, fuel, water, and steam are to ma^ chinery— the vis animae, the primum mobile— the first great pre-requisite of life itself and all its functions. Its decided predominance is accompanied by a round head, well developed at the base, large Ama,tiveness, Acv|uisitivQ- 22 THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. ness, Alimentiveness, Benevolence, and Language ; large or- gans of tlie animal propensities generally ; a rapid widening of the head from the corners of the eyes to the tips of the ears ; side-head spherical and well filled out ; fore-head generally full or square, and broad rather than high. 7.— Those having the vital temperament very large, are fleshy ; short and broad built ; deep and large-chested ; broad and round-shouldered ; impetuou.s ; impulsive ; enthusiastic ; Fig. 2.— Vital Temperament. hearty ; good livers ; fond of meats, condiments, stimulants, and animal pleasures ; have a strong, steady pulse ; largo lungs and nostrils ; a full habit ; florid complexion ; flushed face ; light or sandy hair and whiskers ; sound and well-set teeth ; great en- durance of fatigue, privation, and exposure; great love of fresh air, out-of-door exercise, and physical action, but not of hard work ; a restlessness which can not endure in-door con- finement, but must be abroad, and constantly doing some- thing ; great zeal, ardor of desire, and more practical common sense than book learning, and of general knowledge of men and things thap. accurate scientific attainments ; more shrewd- THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. 33 ness and off-hand talent than depth ; more availability than profundity ; and love of pleasure than power of thought. 6.— Are like 7, though not in as great extremes; generally fleshy and of good size and height, if not large ; well-propor- tioned; broad-shouldered; muscular; promimeut and strong- ly-mai'ked in features ; coarse and homely ; stern and harsh ; strong, but often awkward, and seldom polished ; best adapted to some laborious occupation, and enjoy hard work more than books or literary pursuits; have great power of feeling, and thus require much self-government ; possess more talent than can exhibit to others ; manifest mind more in business, in cre- ating resources and managing matters, than in literary pur- suits, mind as such ; prefer some light, stirring, active busi- ness, but dislike di-udgery ; turn everything, especially bar- gains, to good account ; look out for self ; get a full share of what is to be had : feel and act out, " every man for himself," and are selfish enough, yet abound in good feeling ; incline to become agents, overseers, captains, hotel- keepers, butchers, traders, speculators, politicians, public officers, aldermen, con- tractors, etc., rather than anything requiring steady or hard work ; and are usually healthy, yet very sick when attacked, brought at once to the crisis, and predisposed to gout, fevers, apoplexy, congestion of the brain, etc. 5.— Have a good share of life- force, yet none to spare; withstand a good deal, yet must not waste vitality, and should live in a way to improve it. 4.— Have sufficient vitality to sustain life, and impart a fair share of energy to the functions, but by no means sufficient to put forth their full power, and should make its increase a first life-object. 3.— Do not make vitality as fast as it can and ought to be used ; are often half prostrated by a feeling of languor and lassitude ; can keep about doing all the time if slow, and care- ful not to overdo, the liability to which is great when Activity is 6 or 7 ; need much rest ; can not half work, or enjoy either body or mind; suffer much from fatigue and exhaustion, and would be glad to do, but hardly feel able. 2.— Are too weak and low to be able either to do, enjoy, or accomplish much ; should both give the vital organs every possible facility for action, and also husband every item of 34 THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. vitality ; be extremely careful not to overwork, and spend mucli time in listless, luxuriating ease, while nature restores the wanting vitality. 1.— Are almost dead from sheer inanition. TO CULTIVATE.— Ascertain which of the vital organs is deficient, and take all possible pains to improve its action ; see directions for increasing the action of heart, lungs, stomach, etc.; alternate with rest and exercise; "away with melan- choly," banish sadness, trouble, and all gloomy associations, and cultivate buoyancy and light-heartcdness ; enioy the pres- ent, and make life a glorious holiday instead of a weary drudg- ery ; if engaged in any confining business, break up this monotony by taking a long leave of absence— a long journey, by horticulture, or parties, or frolicing with children ; by going into young and lively society, and exercising the affections ; bringing about as great a change as possible in all your habits and associations. Especially cultivate a love of everything beautiful and lovely in nature, as well as study her philoso- phies ; bear patiently what you mvist, but enjoy all you can; keep doing all you are able, but other things than formerly, and what interests you. You should especially be regular in sleep, exercise, eating, and all the vital functions, as well as be temperate in all things ; and above all, keep your mind toned up to sustain the body ; aid your weak organs by will-power— that is, bring a strong will to aid digestion, breathing, etc., and keep yourself up thereby. Determine that you won't give up to weakness or death, b ut will live on and keep doing in spite of debility and disease. Fight life's battles like a true hero, and keep the head cool by temperance ; the feet warm by exercise ; the pores and evacuations open by ablution and lax- ative food ; and heart warm by cherishing a love of life and its pleasures. And don't fail to keep up the habit of a gentle pounding and frequent brisk rubbing of chest, abdomen, and feet, so as to start the mechanical action of the visceral organs. Nothing equals this for revivifying dormant or exhausted vitality, and none are too poor or too much occupied to avail themselves of it. TO EESTBAIN.— Those who manufacture vitality faster than they expend it, are large in the abdomen ; too corpulent ; even obese; often oppressed for breath; surcharged with BREATHING POWER. 25 organic material ; too sluggish to expend vitality as fast as it accumulates, and hence should work, work, and with all their might, and as much as possible with their muscles, and out of doors ; should eat sparingly, and of simple food ; avoid rich gravies, butter, sweets, fat, and pastry, but live much on fruits and lean meats if meat is eaten ; sleep less ; keep all the excre- tory organs free and open by an aperient diet, and especially the skin by frequent ablutions, the hot bath, etc. ; breathe abundantly, so as to turn up the surplus carbon ; sit little, but walk much ; never yield to indolence ; work up energy by hands and head, business and pleasure any way, every way, but keep consuming vitality as fast as possible. Some fleshy persons, especially females, give up to indolence ajid inanity ; get " the blues," and lounge on rocking-chair and bed. What is wanted is to do, not to loiter around. Inertia is your bane, and action your cure. If flushed, feverish, nervous, etc., be careful not to over-do, and rely on air, warm bath, and gentle but continued exercise, active or passive, but not on medi- cines. THE LUNGS-BREATHING. All that live, down even to vegetables and trees, breathe— must breathe in order to live— live in proportion as breathe— I)egin life's first function with breathing, and end its last in their last breath. And breathing is the most important func- tion of life from first to last, because the grand stimulator and sustainer of all. Would you get and keep warm when cold, breathe copiously, for this renews that carbonic consumption all through the system Avhich creates all animal warmth. Would you cool-off and keep cool in hot weather, deep, copious breathing will bmst open all those myriads of pores, each of which, by converting the water in the system into inson.sible perspiration, casts out heat, and refreshes mind and body. Would you labor long and hard, with intellect or muscle, with- out exhaustion or injury, breathe abundantly ; for breath is the great re-invigorator of life and all its functions. Would you keep well, breath is your great preventive of fevers, of consumption, of " all the ills that flesh is heir to." Would you break up fevers, or colds, or unload the system of morbid mat- ter, or save both your constitution and doctor's fee, cover up warm, drink soft water— cold, if you have a robust constitution sufficient to produce a reaction : if not, hot water should bQ 26 BKEATHING POWER. iised-'then let in the fresli air, and breathe, breathe, breathe, just as fast and as much as possible, and in a few hours you can " forestall and prevent " an attack of disease ; for this will i)oth unload disease at every pore of skin and lungs, and infuse into the system that vis animae which will both grapple with and expel disease in all its forms, and restore health, strength, and life. Nature lias no panacea like it. Try the experiment, and it will revolutionize your condition. And the longer you try, the more will it regenerate your body and your mind. Even if you have the blues, deep breathing will soon dispel them, especially if you add vigorous exercise. Would you even put forth your greatest mental exertions in speaking or writing, keep your lungs clear up to their fullest, liveliest action. Would you even breathe forth youi highest, holiest orisons of thanksgiving and worship— deepening, your inspira- tion of fresh air will likewise deepen and quicken your divine inspiration. Nor can even bodily pleasures be fully enjoyed except in and by copious breathing. In short, proper breathing is the prime essential of all physical, and thereby of all mental and moral, function and enjoyment. 7 and 6.— Have either a full, broad, round chest, or a deep one, or both ; breathe freely, but rather slowly ; fill the lungs clear up full at every inspiration, and empty them well out at every expiration, are warm, even to the extremities ; red- faced; elastic; buoyant; rarely ever subject to colds, and cast them off readily ; feel buoyant and animated, and are thus qualified to be vigorous in all the functions, physical and mental. 5 and 4.— Are neither pale nor flushed, neither ardent nor cold, but a little above medium in these respects, and some- what liable to colds. 3.— Breathe little, and mainly with the top of the lungs ; move the chest but little in breathing, and the abdomen less, perhaps none at all ; are often pale, yet sometimes flushed because feverish ; frequently should draw in long breaths ; are quite liable to colds and coughs ; often have blue veins and goose-flesh, and are frequently tired, listless, and sleepy, and should take particular pains to increase lung action. 2 .—Are strongly predisposed to lung diseases ; have blue veins and sallow complexion, and are very subject to coughs THE CIRCULATION. 27 and colds ; ai'e often dull, and always tired ; frequently catch a long breath, which should be encouraged by making all the breaths long and frequent ; are predisposed to lung diseases, but may stave them off, provided proper means are adopted ; break up colds as soon as possible, and take particularly good care of health. 1.— Have barely lung action enough to live, and every function of body or mind is poorly performed. TO CULTIVATE.— First, and mainly, breathe deeply and rapidly ; that is, draw long and full breaths ; fill your lungs clear up full at every inspiration, and empty them out com- pletely at every expiration ; not only heave the chest in breath- ing, but work the abdomen. To do this, dress loosely and sit erect, so that the diaphragm can have full play ; begin and keep up any extra exertion with extra lung action ; often try how many deep and full breaths you can take ; ventilate your rooms, especially sleeping apartments, well, and be much of the time in the open air ; take brisk walks in cool weather, with special reference to copious respiration ; and everywhere try to cultivate full and freqvient lung inflation, by breathing clear out, clear in, and low down— that is, make all your breathing as when taking a long breath. THE CIRCULATION. "For the blood thereof is the life thereof." The blood is the great porter of the system ; carries all the material with which to build up and repair every part, and hurries off all the waste material, which it expels through lungs and skin. And the heart is this circulatory instrumentality. Without heart, even lungs would bo of no account, nor heart without lungs. They are twin brothers, are co-workers at the very fountain-head of life and all its energies. Even diseased organs are unloaded of morbid matter, re-animated, and re- built mainly by blood. Blood, good or poor, the whole system, brain and mind included, is in a good or poor condition ; but blood wanting, all is wanting; heart poor, all is poor; heart improved, all improved. 7 and 6.— Have an excellent and uniform circulation, and warm hands, feet, and sidn ; seldom feel chiUy ; withstand 28 THE CIRCULATION. cold and heat well ; perspire freely ; have a slow, strong, steady pulse, and are not liable to sickness. 5 and 4.— Have a fair, yet not remarkably good, circulation, and generally, though not always, warm hands and feet ; are not much pinched by cold ; persi)ire tolerably freely, yet better if more ; and need to promote circulation, at least not impede it. 3.— Have but poor circulation, along with uneasiness and palpitation of the heart ; are subject to cold hands and feet, headache, and a dry or clammy skin ; find the heart to beat quicker and stronger when drawing than expiring breath ; are chilled by cold, and overcome by hot, weather ; are sub- ject to palpitation of the heart on any extra exertion, walking fast or up-stairs, or a sudden startle, etc., and very much need to equalize and promote the circulation. 3.— Have weak circulatory functions, and either a fluttering pulse, very fast and very irregular, or it is weak and feeble ; suffer from chilliness, even in summer ; are very much affected by changes in the weather ; very cold in the extremities, and suffer much from head-ache and heat and xiressuro on the brain ; are subject to brain fever, and often a wild, incoherent action of the brain, because the blood which should go to the extremities is confined mainly to the head and vita! organs ; feel a sudden pain in the head when startled or beginning to put foith any special exertion, and suifer very much men- tally and physically from heart affections and their conse- quences. 1.— Have scarcely any pulse, and that little is all on a flut- ter ; are cold, and " more dead than alive." TO CULTIVATE.— Immerse hands and feet daily in water as hot as can be borne, ten minutes, then dash on or dip in cold water, and rub briskly, and heat by the fire till warm, and follow with active exercise, breathing at the same time according to directions just given ; if there is heat or pain about the heart, lay on a cloth, wrung out of cold water at night ; rub and pat or strike the chest on its upper and left side, and restrain appetite if it is craving, and cultivate calm- ness and quiet. If sufFicient vitality remains to secure re- action, putting the feet in ice-cold water will be of great service. Avoid coffee, tobacco and spices, as the use of these DIGESTION. affect the action of the heart. Most of the sudden deaths by heart failure may be referred to the use of these arti- cles. TO RESTRAIN is not necessary, except when excessive circulation is consequent on disease, in which case remove the cause. A healthy circulation can not be too great. DIGESTION. I ' ; By that truly wonderful process, digestion, food and drink are made to subserve intellect and moral sentiment— con- verted into thought and emotion. Then, must not different kinds of food produce different mental and moral traits? A vast variety of facts answer afifirmatively. EoUin says that pugilists, while training for the bloody arena were fed exclusively on raw meat. Does not the food of lion, tiger, shark, eagle, etc., re-increase their ferocity, and that of deer, dove, and sheep redouble their docility ? Does not this principle explain the ferocity of the Indian, force of the Anglo-Saxon, and subserviency of the Hindoo ? Since alco- hoHo drinks excite the animal passions more than the intel- lectual and moral faculties, why not also meats, condiments, and all stimulating food as well ? And why not vegetables and the cereals, by keeping the system cool, promote mental quiet, intellectual clearness, and moral elevation ? At all events, less meats and more vegetables, grains, and fruits would render men less sensual, and more talented and good. And those who would become either, must mind what and how they eat. STOMACH. 7.— Can eat, and digest perfectly ; can live on little, or eat much, and need not be very particular as to diet. 6.— Have excellent digestion ; both relish and dispose of food to perfection ; are not liable to dyspepsia ; have good blood, and plenty of it, and a natural, hearty appetite, but prefer the substantials to knick-knacks ; hate a scanty meal, and have plenty of energy and good flesh. 5.— Have good but not first-rate digestion, and it will continue good till bad eating impairs it, still must not invite dyspepsia by bad living. 4.— Have only fair digestive vigor— too little to be abused —and need to promote it. 3.— Have a weak digestive apparatus, and variable appe- to Digestion. tite— vei-y good, or else very poor ; are a good deal pre-in- clined to dyspepsia ; often feel a goneness and sinking at tlie stomach., and a general lassitude and inertia; sleep poorly, and feel tired and qualmisli in the morning ; have either a long- ing, hankering, pining, hungry feeling, or a loathing, dainty, dormant appetite ; are displeased and dissatisfied with every- thing ; irritable and peevish, dispirited, discouraged, gloomy, and miserable; feel as if forsaken and neglected; are easily agitated, and oppressed with an indefinable sense of dread, as if some impending calamity awaited them ; and should make the improvement of digestion the first business of life. 2 and 1.— Are like 3, only more so. Everything eaten gives pain, and life is but a burden. TO CULTIVATE,-Eat simple, plain, dry food, of which unbolted wheaten bread, and especially cracliers made of the same, are best ; and but little at that, especially if the appetite is ravenous ; and masticate and salivate thoroughly ; eat in a cheerful, lively, pleasant spirit, talking and laugh- ing at meals ; consult appetite, or eat sparingly and leis- urely that which relishes ; boiled wheat, or puddings made of v/heaten flour, or grits, or oa,tmeal, or rye-flour eaten with milk and fruit, being the best staple article— wheat or Graham flour thoroughly boiled; should eat little after 5 P. M., and if hurried in business, before or after, but not during business hours, nor in a hurried, anxious state of mind, but as if deter- mined to enjoy it; above all, should cast off care, grief, busi- ness anxieties, troubles, and all i3ainful remembrances and forebodings, and just luxuriate in the passing moment. Dyspepsia, now so alarmingly prevalent, is quite as much a mental as corporeal disease— is consequent more on a wor- ried, feverish, unhappy state of mind, than stomachic disorder merely. It is usually brought on by eating very fast right after working very hard, and then working very hard right after eating too fast and too much, which allows little energy to go to the stomach, so that its contents ferment instead of being digested, which inflames the whole system, and causes the morbid action of both the mental and physical functions. This inflammation creates a morbid, craving, hankering, appetite, as well as a genei-al irritable state of mind. But the more food is eaten the more it inflames the stomach, and thereby increases these morbid hankerings ; while denying DIGESTION. §1 appetite diniiiiislies this inflammation and consequent hun- gering and irritability. Sometimes eating gives temporary relief at first, before what has just been oaten ferments, but only increases the pain soon afterivards. Starvation is the cure in all cases of a craving appetite, but a poor appetite needs pampering, by providing any dainties that may relish. Or, perhaps the system is pining for -want of some special aliment. If so, the appetite will hanker after it, and should be gratified, provided it be a proper alimentary article. See Alimentiveness. Above all, avoid alcohol and tobacco in all their forms, and also tea and coffee, using, instead, a coffee made by browning wheat, rye, peas, corn, sweet potatoes, bread, etc., and prepare the same as Java. Next, rub and pat, or lightly pound the stomach, liver, and bowels. While in college, a graduate came around ad- vertising a specific panacea for dyspepsia, but requiring secrecy. It consisted simply in rubbing and kneading the abdomen. This supplies that mechanical action which re- stores them to normal action. Those manual exercises, which call the abdominal muscles into special action, are pre- eminently useful, such as rowng, cheeping wood, hoeing, and various gymnastic exorcises. If the stomach is sore or painful, lay on at night a wet cloth, with a dry one over it, folded several thicknesses. If the bowels are torpid, induce an action of them at a given hour daily, and live much on boiled wheat, unbolted wheaten bread, and puddings, figs, and fruits if the stomach will bear them. Observe all the health-laws -with scrupulous fidelity, relying more on nature, but little on medicines, and remit no efforts and spare no exertions to restore digestion ; for, till you do, you can only half think, study, remember, feel, transact busi- ness, or do or enjoy anything. TO RESTEAIN it, make less a god of the appetite, direct, or work up in other respects those energies now consumed by the stomach, and "be temperate in all things." THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA complete the digestive func- tions. The stomach may solve its food, yet dormant liver, intestines, and mej;entery glands fail to apxwopriate it. Or the latter may be good and the former poor. 7 and 6.— Are very fleshy, round favored, and fat, and. MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. assimilate food material faster than is consumed, besides sleep- ing well, and enjoying ease and comfort, and do only what must "be done. 5 and 4.— Have a good, fair share of flesh and abdominal fullness, and approi)iiate about as much food as their system requires. 3.— Are rather slim, poor in flesh, and gaunt ; may digest food well, but sluggish bowels and mesenteries fail to take up and empty into the circulation enough to fully sustain the life-functions, and have hence strong tendencies to constipa- tion. 2.— Are very slim, i)Oor dormant, weak, and dyspeptic. TO CULTIVATE.-Eat aperient food, and keep the whole system open and free as possible. TO EESTEAIN.— Breathe deeply, work hard, and eat lightly. 6.-M0TIVE OE MUSCULAE TEMPEEAMENT. Motion is a necessity, an essential part and parcel of life itself. AVhat could man do or be without it ? How walk, work or move ? How even breathe, digest, or circulate, blood ?— f or what are the.'>e, indeed all the physical functions, but action in its various phases ? And this action is affected by means of bones and muscles or fibres, the fleshy portions of the system. These bones constitute the foundation on which the muscular superstruc- tui-e is built, are articulated at their ends by the joints, and firmly bound together by ligaments, yet allowed free motion. Toward the middle of these bones the muscles are firmly at- tached, so that when they contract they give motion to the end of the bone opposite tlie belly of the muscle. These- muscles, of ^rhich there are some 527 in the human body, constitute the lean meat or red flesh of all animals, and are rendered red by the immense number of minute blood-ves- sels which are ramified upon every fibre of every muscle, in order to supply that vital power which is expended by its exer- cise. The contractile power of these muscles is truly astonish- ing, as is evident from the wonderful feats of strength and agility of which man is capable ; and that, too, though these muscles act under a great mechanical disadvantage. MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 33 These bojies and muscles collectively constitute tlie frame- work of the system— give it its build and form— are to the man what the timbers, ropes, and pulleys are to the ship, and constitute the Motive Temperament. Its predominance con- fers power of constitution, and strength of character, and feeling. Fig. 3.— Motive TEjiriaiAMENT. 7.— Are lean, spare; of good size and height, and athletic; have strongly marked features ; a largo, Eoman nose ; high and large cheek-bones; large and broad front teeth— all the hones of the body iJrojeoting ; a deep, grum, bass voice; dis- tinctly marked muscles and blood-vessels; large joints; hard flesh ; great muscular power or iihysical strength ; ease of action, and love of x^hysioal labor, of lifting, working, etc.; dark, and often coaise, stiff, abundant, and perhaps bushy hair; a black and heavy beard; dark skin and eyes; a harsh, expressive visage ; strong, but coarse and harsh feelings — the movements like those of the draught-horse, slow, but power- ful and efficient ; tough ; thorough-going ; forcible ; strongly marked, if not idiosyncratic ; determined and impressive both 34 MOTIVE TEMPEEAMENT. physically and mentally ; and stamp their character on all they touch. The motive, 7, mental, 6, and vital, 5, are capable of pow- erful and sustained mental effort, and great power in any department, especially that of mind as mind, of swaying a commanding influence over mankind, taking the lead in a large business, etc. This Temperament is always accompanied by prodigious coronal and peiceptivo regions, l'irm!;.e.;s and Combativc- ness, and large Destructiveness— its natural accompaniment — the very organs required to increase its force and efficiency, and indispensable to its exercise. 6.— Are like 7, except less in degree; are tough, hardy, and strong constitutioned ; evince power, efficiency, and force in whatever they undertake ; use strong expressions ; are limber- jointed, and both need and can endure a world of action and fatigue; are like a fire made of hard wood, or anthracite coal, making a slow but jiowerful and continuous heat, and will make a decided mark in the business world, or in whatever other department these energies may be exercised. With the vital 6 or 7, and the mental 3 or 4, are broad and promi- nent in form ; large, tall, well-proportioned, broad-shouldered, and muscular ; usually coarse- featured, homely, stern, and awkward; enjoy hard work more than boolis or literary pur- suits; have great power of feeling, and thus require much self-government; are endowed with good sense, but have a poor way of showing it ; are strong minded, but possess more talents than jiower to exhibit them ; manifest talents more in managing machinery, creating resources, and directing large operations than in mind as such ; improve with age, growing better and more intellectual as they grow older ; accomplish wonders ; are hard to beat, indomitable, and usually useful citizens, but endowed with strong passions when once roused; and callable of being deeply depraved, especially if given to drink. 5.— Have a good share of the heafty, enduring, efficient, and potential; move right forward, with determination and vigor, irrespective of hindrances, and bring a good deal to pass; and are like 6, only less so. 4.— Are not deficient in motive power, yet more would be better; wrought up by special circumstances, can put forth MOTIVE TEMPEEAMENT. 35 unwonted streiiglli. but it ^-lill be '■■^'asmodic, and liable to overstrain ; can work liard, but are loth to ; preler the seden- tary to the active, and business to labor ; with the vital 6 or 7 are indolent physicallj', and do only what they must, and need to cultivate muscular power. 3.— Dislike work ; prefer sitting to moving, and riding to labor ; may be ouiek and flashy, but are not powerful ; lack strength and weight of character ; need much more exercise than they love to take; and first of all should cultivate both muscular action and strength of character. With the vital 6, and mental 6 or 7, are rather small-boned, but plump, well formed, light complexioned, and often handsome ; have usually auburn or brown hair ; are most exquisitely organized^ most pathetic and sympathetic, sentimental, exalted, and spiritual; have redoubled glow and fervor of feeling, derived from both the vital and mental, which they are hardly able to contain ; easily receive and communicate impressions ; are quite too much influenced by first impressions, and intuitive likes and dislikes ; have hobbies ; are most enthusiastic ; throw a great amount of feeling into everything ; use strong and hyper- bolical expressions; are fond of company, if not forward in it ; have a quick, clear, sharp, keen, active mind, and good business talents ; a ready flow of ideas and a talent for com- municating them, either on paper or in social conversation ; show taste, refinement, and delicacy in everything ; have an under-current of pure virtuous feeling, which will prevent the grosser manifestation of animal passion, and give the intel- lectual and moral the ascendency ; sin only under some sudden and iiowerful excitement; are joassionatcly fond of poetry, novels, tales, light and sentimental reading, belles-lettres, newspapers, etc., and inclined to attempt this kind of composi- tion ; have a retentive memory, shrewdness, smartness, and enough of selfishness to take good care of self, yet not suf- ficient momentum or power to become great, but are rather effeminate. This temperament is found much oftener and more x)erfect in the female than male. Children thus orga- nized are precocious, and liable to die prematurely, and their physical culture would save to their parents and the world those brightest stars which now generally set while rising, to shine no more on earth. Mental 7, vital 5, and motive 3, may be smart, but can not 36 MUSCULAR EXEECISE. be great ; may be brilliant, but arp flashy, meteoric, vapid, too emotional, imaginative, and impulsive, and like a fire made of pine wood or shavings— intense, hxit momentary. 2 and 1.— Work, walk, move, and use muscles only when obliged to ; run much more to the emotional and vaiDid than potential, and should cultivate the muscles assiduously. MUSCULAE EXEECISE is indispensable to greatness and happiness. By a law of things, all parts must be exercised in about egual proportions. When the brain is worked more than the muscles, it becomes partially congested, loses its snap, leaves the mind dull, memory indefinite, and thought obtuse, which exercise remedies. None need ever think of be- coming great intellectually, however splendid their heads or temperaments, without a world of vigorous exercise— of real hard work, even. All eminent man have laid the foundations of their superiority by working hard during their minority, and continuing to exercise daily through life ; while those students brought up without labor rarely take a high intel- lectual stand, except in parrot-like scholarship. They always lack vim and pith, and close, hard thought. And this defi- ciency grows on them. J. Q. Adams always rose before the sun to take his exercise, and as he became old took much of it in swimming, which he said gave the recLuired exercise with- out heating his blood. Benton took a great amount of exercise. Jefferson always worked "like a Trojan." Polk rose before the sun to take his morning walk. Webster would have his seasons of hunting, fishing, and rowing, be- sides taking a daily walk. Wa.shington was a robust, hard- working farmer and soldier. Physical exercise is as indis- pensable to greatness as the intellectual organ themselves. And one principal reason why so many men, having all the phrenological indications of greatness, do not distinguish themselves, is a want of physical exercise. TO CULTIVATE.— Take all the muscular exercise you can any way endure, but only gentle; make yourself comfortably tired every day ; choose those kinds of exercise most agree- able, but practice some kind assiduously ; dance more and sit less ; if a child, should be allowed to run and play, to skate and slide down hill, romp and race, climb and tear around all it likes, and furnished with playmates to encoiu-age this out- THE JIEXTAL TEMPERAMENT. 3T cf-door life. Fear neitlier exposure nor dirt, clothes or shoes, ( r anything else that furnishes this great desideratum- exercise. TO KESTEAIN.— Use your muscles loss and brain more. 7.-TIIE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. This embraces the brain and nerves, or that portion of the system called into exercise in the production of mind as such —thought, feeling, sensation, memory, etc. The brain consists at first of a mere ganglion of nervous matter, formed at the top of the spinal column. From this it is developed upward and forward through infancy and child- hood to perfect manhood, measuring from twenty-one to twenty-ftui' inches in circumference with corresponding height. The construction of the brain is most interesting. Its internal portion is white and fibrous, while its outer is grey and gelatinous. It is folded up into layers, called convolu- tions, which are sometimes expanded, by dropsy of the brain, into a nervous .sheet or web. These convolutions allow a great amount of nervous matter to bo packed in a small com- pass, and their depth are proportionate to the amount of mind and talent. Thus in animals and idiots they are shallow ; in men of oidinary talents, much deeper; while the dissectors of the brains of Cuvier, Lord Byron, and other great men, re- mark with astonishment upon thoir depth. Some writers say five times as much blood is sent to the brain in proportion to its volume as is sent to any other por- tion of the system, some say eight times, others fifteen, and one twenty ; but all agree as to the general f;ict. The difference between them is doubtless owing to the difference in the mental constitutions of those operated upon, intellectual sub- jects having the most. The distinctness and protrusion of the veins in the heads of great men, as also the immediate filling up of these veins when one laughs or becomes excited, have the same cause. Through the medium of the spinal column, and by means of the nerves that go off from the spinal cord through the joints of the back-bone, the brain holds intercourse with every part of the body, the nerves being ramified upon every 38 THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. portion of its surface, so tliat not even the point of a needle can penetrate any ijart of it witliout lacerating them, and thus producing pain. The spinal marrow is composed of four principal columns, the two anterior ones exercising voluntary motions, the two posterior ones sensation. Let the nerves that go off from the fwo posterior columns be severed at their root, and the parts on which they are ramified will be desti- tute of sensation, not feeling anything, though able to move; but on severing the nerves that go off from the two anterior columns, though the patient will feel the prick of the needle, he will be unable to move the limb to which the nerve goes. Now, observe that these two anterior or motor columns are in direct connection with the frontal portion of the brain, in which the intellectual organs are located, so that each can communicate freely with the other, while the two posterior columns, or those of sensation, are in connection with the back part of the brain, in which the organs of the feelings are located. They are most abundant on the outer surface of the body, and accordingly the skin and adjacent flesh is the seat of much more intense pain from 'wounds than the inter- nal portions. 7.— These having a mental temperament very large, have a light build ; small bones and muscles ; a slim, tall, spare, sprightly person ; quickness of motion ; great physical activity —too much for strength, large brain for the body, sharp fea- tures; thin lips ; thin, pointed nose ; and sharp teeth, liable to premature decay. T^hey are characterized mentally by a predominance of mind over body, so that its state affects the body more than the body mind; are in the highest degree susceptible to the influence of stimuli, and of all exciting causes; are refined and delicate in feeling and expression, and easily disgusted with anything coarse, vulgar, or out of taste ; en.ioy and suffer in the highest degree ; are subject to extremes of feeling ; have their disgusts, sympathies, and prepossessions easily excited ; experience a vividness and intensity of emotion, and a clearness, pointedness, and rapid- ity of thought, perception, and conception, and a love of men- tal exercise imparted by no other temperament ; are eager in pursuits, and feel that their ends are of the utmost impor- tance, and must be answered now ; are thus liable to overdo, THE MENTAL TEMPEEAilENT. 39 and prematurely exhaust the physical powers, which at best aio none too good; are very fond of reading and study; of thinking and reasoning ; of books and literary pursuits ; of conversation, and all kinds of information, and apt to lie awake at night, thinking, or feeling, or reading ; inclined to some profession or light mental occupation, such as a clerk, merchant, teacher, or, if a mechanic, should be a goldsmith, or something requiring light action, but not hard lifting- more head work than hand work ; should avoid close applica- Fig . 4.— Mental Temperament. tion ; take much pleasurable recreation and exercise : avoid all kinds of stimulants, wines, tobacco, tea and coffee in- cluded ; use vegetables, fruits and farinaceous food mostly ; endeavor to enjoy existence; and avoid being worried. 6.— Are like 7 in character, only less in degree; more given to intellectual and moral than animal pleasures, and action than rest; can not endure slow or stupid employees; with the motive 6, are of good size ; rather tall, slim, lean, and raw- boned, if not homely and awkward ; have prominent bones and features, particularly front teeth and nose; a firm and 40 THE MENTAL TEMPER A ^JENT. distinct muscle ; a tough, wiry, excellent physical organiza- tion ; a firm, .straightforT^'ard, rapid, energetic walk; great ease and efficiency of action, with little fatigue; a keen, penetrating eye; large joints, hands, feet, etc.; a long face and head, and a high head and forehead ; a brain developed niore from the nrse over to the occiput than around the ears; large intellectual and moral organs; strong desires, and great power of will and energy of character; vigorous passions; a natural love of hard work, and capacity for carrying for^vard and managing great "undertakings ; that thorough-going .spirit which takes right hold of great projects with both hands, and drives into and through thick and thin, in spite of obstacles and oppcsition, however great, and thus accomplish wonders; superior busine.'-s talents ; unusual strength and vigor of intellect; strong common sense; good general judgment ; with a large intellectual lobe, and a cool, clear, long, calculating head ; a reflective, planning, discriminating cast of mind, and talents more solid than brilliant ; are more fond of the natural sciences than literature ; of philosophy than hi.story ; of the deep, solid branches than belles-lettres ; of a professional and mental than laborious vocation ; of mental than bodily action ; and the moral than sensual. 5.— Have good, fair muscles; are quite prominent-featured, easy of motion, enduring, tough, hardy, clear-headed, and fond of intellectual pursuits ; have good ideas, and excellent native sense and judgment; talk, speak, and write to the purpose, if at all ; love action and exercise, and walk and work easily ; are efficient, and capable of taking up a good life labor, but not a genius. With the vital 6, are sprightly, lively to a life of labor, but should choose some office business, yet vivacious, and happy; and with the motive 3, are not adapted to exercise a great deal— no matter how much. 4.— Have fair mental acfon. if circumstances fully call it forth ; if not, are common-place ; must depend for talents more on culture and plodding studiously than natural genius ; v,it^ culture, can dn well, without it little ; with the motive and vital 6 or 7, arc by far best adapted to farming or manual pursuits than literarj', and should cultivate intellect and memory. 3.— Have little love for litorarr pursuits ; are rathet dull, and WELL-BALANCED TEMPERAMENT. 41 fall asleep over books and sermons ; and can not marshal ideas for speaking or writing. 2.— Are exceedingly dnll of comprehension; slow of per- ception ; poor in judgment and memory ; hate books ; must be told what and how to do ; and should seek the direction of superior minds. 1.— Are almost senseless and idiotic. 8.-A WELL-BALANCED TEMPERAMENT is by far the best. That most favorable to true greatness and general genius, to strength of character, along with perfectic:;. Fig. 5.— WliLL-BALANCED TlSMrJiRAMENT. and to harmony and inconsistency throughout, is one in which each is strongly marked, and all about equally developed. Excessive motive with deficient mental gives power with sluggishness, so that the talents lie dormant. Excessive vital gives physical power and enjoyment, but too little of the mental and moral, along ■with coarseness and animality. Ex- cessive mental confers too much mind for body, too much sentimentalism and exquisiteness, along with greenhouse pre- cocity. Whereas their equal balance gives an abundant sup- 42 SIZE OP BBAIN. ply of vital energy, physical stamina, and mental power and susceptibility. They may be compared to the several parts of a steamboat and its appurtenances. The vital is the steam- power ; the motive, the hulk or frame- work ; the mental, the freight and passengers. The vital predominating, generates more animal energy than can well be worked-off, and causes restlessness, excessive passion, and a pressure which endan- gers outbursts and ovei't actions.; predominant niotive gives too much frame or hulk ; moves slowly, and with weak mental, is too light freighted to secure the great ends of life ; predom- inant mental overloads, and endangers sinking : b,ut all egually balanced and powerful, carry great loads rapidly and well, and accomplish wonders. Such persons unite cool judgment with intense and well-governed feelings; great force of char- acter and intellect with perfect consistency ; scholarship with sound common sense ; far-seeing sagacity with brilliancy ; and have the highest order of both physiology and mentality. Most diseases, too, are consequent on this predominence or' deficiency of one or another of these temperaments, and when either fail, all fail. Hence the infinite imiiortance of culti- vating those that are weak. A well-balanced phrenology equally important, and its absence unfavorable. 9.-SIZE OF BEAIN. That sizOj other conditions being equal, is a measure of power, is a universal law. In general, the larger a piece of iron, wood, anything, the stronger ; and large men and ani- mals are stronger than those that are small. This is a natural law. Still, sometimes smaller men, horses, etc., are stronger, can lift, di-aw, and endure more than others that are larger, be- cause they are different in quality, health, etc. But where the quality is the same, whatever is largest is proportionally the most powerful. And this undisputed law of things is equally true of the brain, and that mental power put forth thereby. All really great men have -great heads— merely smart ones, or those great only in certain faculties or special- ties of character, not always. The brains of Cuvier, Byron, and Spurzheim were among the heaviest ever weighed. True, Byron's hat was small, doubtless because his brain was conical, and most developed in the base ; but its great weight estab- lishes its great size. So does that of Bonaparte. Besides, SIZK OF J3JRAIN. 43 he wore a very large hat— one that passed clear over the head of Col. Lehmenouski, one of his body-guard, whose head measured 2 3 1-2 inches, so that Bonaparte's head must have measured nearly or quite 34 inches. Webster's head was massive, measuring over 24 inches, and Clay's 2 3 1-2; and this was about Van Buren's size; Chief Justice Gibson's, the greatest jurist in Pennsylvania, 24 1-2 ; and Hamilton's hat passed over the head of a man whoso head measured 2 3 1-2. Burke's head was immense, so was Jefferson's, while Franklin's hat passed over the ears of a 2 4 -inch head. The heads of Washington, Adams, and a thousand other celebrities, were also large. Bright, apt, smart, literary, knowing, even eloquent men, etc., often have only average, even moderate- size heads, because endowed with high quality, yet such are more admired than commanding ; more brilliant than pow- erful ; more acute than profound ; though they may show-off well in an ordinary sphere, yet are not the men for great occasions ; nor have they that giant force of intellect which molds and sways nations and ages. The phrenological law is, that size, other things being equal, is a measure of power ; yet these other conditions, such as activity, power of motive, health, physiological habits, etc., increase or diminish the men- tality even more than size. Quality is more important than quantity, but true greatnes.s requires both cerebral quantity and quality. Still, those again who have very large heads, are sometimes dull, almost foolish, because their quality is low. As far, then, as concerns Phrenology itself, this doctrine of size appertains to the different organs in the same head, as well as to different heads. Still this doctrine, that size is the measure of power, is no more a special doctrine of Phrenology than of every other department of nature. And those who object to this science on this ground are objecting to a known law of things. If size were the only condition of power, their cavils might be worthy of notice ; as it is, they are not. Though tape measurements, taken around the head, from Eventuality to Philoprogenitiveness or Parental Love, give some idea of the size of the brain, the fact that some heads are roimd, others long, some low, and others high, so modifies these measurements that they do not convey any very correct 44 BEAIN-BODY AND WEIGHT. idea of the actual quantity of brain. Yet these measurements range somewhat as follows in adults : E^j^rsr' Adult weigM t?^o"S^s u-eaa m moiies. &i„e. los. PMlopro. Ear over Mrm 19 1 100 9 9 I9I2 '-^ 110 IOI2 10 to 11 20 3 120 III2 11 " 12 21 4 130 12 I2I2 22 5 150 14 I4I2 23 6 175 15 I5I2 24 7 195 I5I2 16 Female heads are hall an inch to an Inch below these meas- urements, and the weight lighter. Children have larger heads as compared with tlieir weight of body than will be the case when they have grown to maturity. . VERY LAEGE.— With quality good, are naturally great; with delight and astonishment. With quality and activity 6 or 7 , are a natural genius, a mental giant ; even without education will siu-mount disadvantages, learn with wonderful facility, sway minds, and become eminent : with the organs of practical intellect and the propelling powers 6 or 7, will possess the first order of natvu'al abilities ; manifest a clearness and foi'ce of intellect which will astonish the world, and a power of feeling which will carry all before them ; and, with proper cultivation, become bright stars in the firmament of intellectual greatness, upon which coming ages will gaze with delight and astonishment. With quality and activity 5 or 4, are great on great occasions, and, when thoroughly roused, manifest splendid talents, and naturally take the lead among men, otherwise not ; with activity or quality deflcient, must cultivate much in order to become much. LARGE.— With activity and quality 6 or 7, combine great power of mind with great activity ; exercise a commanding influence over other minds to sway and persuade ; and enjoy and suffer in the extreme ; with ijerceptives 6, can conduct a large biisiness or undertalring successfully ; rise to eminence, and evince great originality and jiower of intellect, strong native sense, superior judgment, great force of character and feeling, and make a conspicuous and enduring mark on the intellectual or business world, or in whatever direction these superior capacities are put forth. With activity and quality 5, are endowed with superior natural talents, yet require strong incentives to call them out ; undeveloped by circumstances, SIZE OF BEAIN. 45 may pass through life without accomplishing much, or attract- ing notice, or evincing more than ordinary parts ; but with the perceptive and forcible organs also 6, and talents disciplined and called out, manifest a vigor and energy far above medi- ocrity ; are adequate to carry forward great undertaliings, demanding originality and force of mind and character, yet are rather indolent. With activity only average, possess consid- erable energy of intellect and feeling, yet seldom manifests it, unless brought out by some powerul stimulus, and are rather too indolent to exert, especially intellect. FULL— With quality or activity 6 or 7, and the organs of practical intellect and of the propelling powers large, or very large, although not really great in intellect, or deep, are clever ; have considerable talent, and that so distributed that it shows to be even more or better than it really is ; are capable of being a good scholar, doing a fine business, and, with advantages and application, of becoming distinguished some- what, yet inadequate to great imdertakings ; can not sway an extensive influence, nor become really great, yet have good natural capacities; with activity 4 or 5, will do tolerably well, iind manifest a common share of talent ; with activity only 3, will neither be nor do much worthy of notice. AVERAGE.— With activity 6, manifest a quick, clear, sprightly mind, and off-hand talents ; and are capable of doing a fair business, especially if the stamina is good; with activity 7, and the organs of the propelling po'^^•ers and of practical intellect 6 or 7, are capable of doing a good business, and possess fair talent, yet are not original or profound ; are (luicli of perception ; have a good practical xmderstanding ; will do well in an ordinary business or sphere, yet never manifest greatness, and out of this sphere are common -place ; with activ- ity only 4, discover only an ordinary amount of intellect; are indisposed and inadequate to any important undertaking ; yet, in a common sphere, or one that requires only a mechanical routine of business, can do well ; with moderate or small activ- ity, will hardly accomplish or er-joy anything worthy of note. MODERATE.— With quality, activity, and the propelling and perceptive faculties 6, possess a fair intellect, yet are more showy than sound ; with others to plan and direct, can execute 46 FORM INDICATES CHARACTER. to advantage, yet are unable to do much alone ; liave an active mind, and are quick of perception, yet, liave a contracted intellect ; possess only a fair mental caliber, and lack momen- tiun, both of mind and character; with activity only 4, have but a low degree of intellect, and oven this too slugglish for action, so as neither to suffer nor enjoy much ; with activity 3 or 2, are dull, and hardly non compos mentis. 2 or 1.— Are weak in character and inferior in intellect— indeed, simple or idiotic. This doctrine, that " size is a measure of power," is equally true of different groups of organs, and regions of the brain. Those who have a large forehead, with a deficient back and side-head, if of good temperament, will be deep, original thinkers, but lack force and energy of character ; while those who have heavy base and baelc-hsad, with a smaller fore-head, ^vill possess energy, courage, ])assion, sociability, and vim, but lack intellectual capacity. But this point will be elucidated hereafter. SECTION 11. lO.-rOEM AS COEEESPONDING WITH CHABACTEE. Nature classifies all her works into orders, genera, and species. Form constitutes her great base of this classification. She always does similar characteristics in like configura- tions—apple character in apple shape, fish character in fish con- figuration, bear nature in bear form, human nature in human shape, and so on throughout all her works. And things alike in character are so in form— all oaks and pines like all. All Icorncls of wheat, corn, rye, etc., are formed like all others of the same character. All tigers are like each other, and all canines resemble each other in shape and character. All human beings resemble each other in looks and mentality, and monkeys approximate toward man in both shape and character. Therefore since outline shape indicates outline character, of course all the minute details of shape indicate like peculiari- ties of character, so that every TO'inkle and shade of configura- tion indicates a like diversity in their mentality. And since the brain is confessedly the organ of the mind, its special form must of course correspond with the special traits of character. ONENESS OF STRUCTURE. 47 Or tlius : since universal sliaj^e corresponds with universal character, of course the form of the head is as the special characteristics of the mind. And this involves the doctrines of Phrenology. In short, the correspondence between form and character is absolute and universal— on a scale at once the broadest and most minute possible. Then, what special forms indicate what particular characteristics ? ll.-HOMOGENEOUSNESS OE ONENESS OF STEUCTURE. Every part of everything bears an exact correspondence to that thing as a whole. Thus, tall-bodied trees have long branches and leaves ; short-bodied trees, short branches and roots ; and creeping vines, as the grape, honeysuckle, etc., long, slim roots, that run under ground as extensively as their tops do above. The Rhode Island Greening, a large, well- proportioned apple, grows on a tree large in trunk, limb, leaf, and root, and symmetrical, while the Gillilieur is conical, and its tree long-limbed, and runs up high to a peak at the top, while flat and broad-topped trees bear mde, flat, sunken-eyed apples. Very thrifty growing trees, as the Baldwin, Fall Pippin, Bartlett, Black Tartarian, etc., generally bear large fruit, while small fruit, as the Seckel Pear, Lady Apple, Bell De Choisy Cherry, etc., grow slowly and have many small twigs and branches. Trees that bear red fruit, as the Baldwin, etc., have red inner bark; while yellow and green-colored fruits grow on trees the inner rind of whose limbs is yellow or green. Peach-trees that bear early peaches have deeply- notched leaves, and the converse of late ones ; so that, by these and other physiognomical signs, experienced nurserymen can tell what a given tree bears at first sight. Correspondingly, long-handed persons have long fingers, toes, arms, legs, bodies, heads, and phrenological organs ; while .short and broad-shouldered persons are short and broad- handed, fingered, faced, nosed, and limbed, and wide and low bodied. When the bones on the hand are prominent, all the bones, nose included, are equally so, and thus of all other characteristics of the hand, and every other portion of all bodies. Hence, a hand thrust through a hole proclaims the general character of its owner, because if it is large or small, hard or soft, strong or weak, firm or flabby, coarse-grained or fine-textured, even or prominent, rough or smooth, small- 48 PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS. boned or large-boned, or whatever else, the whole body is built upon the same principle, with which the brain and mentality also correspond. Hence, also, small-nosed persons liave little soul, and large-nosed a great deal of character of some kind. Bonaparte chose large-nosed men for his generals, and the opinion prevails that largo noses indicate long heads and strong minds. Not that great noses cause great minds, but that the motive or powerful temperament cause both. Flat noses indicate flatness of mind and character, by indicating a poor, low, organic structure. Broad noses indicate large passage-ways to the lungs, and this, large lungs and vital organs, and this, great strength of constitution, and hearty ani- mal passions, along with selfishness ; for broad noses, broad shoulders, broad heads, and large animal organs go together. But when the nose is narrow at the base, the nostrils are small, because the Ivmgs are small, and need but small avenues for air ; and this indicates a predisposition to consumptive complaints, along with an active brain and nervous system, and a passion- ate fondness for literary pursuits. Sharp noses indicate a quick, clear, penetrating, searching, knowing, sagacious mind, and also a scold ; indicate warmth of love, hate, generos- ity, moral sentiment— indeed, positiveness in everything, while blunt noses indicate and accompany obtuse intellect's and per- ceptions, sluggish feelings, and crude character. The Eoman nose indicates a martial spirit, love of debate, resistance, and strong passions, while hollow, pug noses indicate a tame, easy, inert, sly character, and straight, finely-formed Grecian noses harmonious characters. Seek their acquaintance. We have chosen our illustrations from the nose, because it is easily seen and described, and renders observation on the character easy and correct. But the principle here exemplified applies to all the other organs and portions of the face and body. And the general forms of the head correspond with those of the body and nose. Where the nose is sharp, mental charac- teristics are equally sharp— tho whole pei'son being built on the sharp principle, and of bi'eadtli, prominence, length, etc. Tall per.sons have high heads, and are aspiring, aim high, and seek conspicuosity, while short ones have lower heads, and seek the lower forms of worldly pleasures. Tall persons are rarely mean, though often grasping ; but very penurious KREADTH, PllOMlNlCNcE AND ACTIVITY. 49 persons are often broad luiilt. Small persons generally have excxuisite mentalities, yet less power— the more precious the article the smaller the package in which it is done up— while great men are rarely dwarfs, though great size often co-exists ^■\ith sluggishness. To particularize— there are four leading forms which indicate generic characteristics, all existing in every one, yet in different degrees. They are, 12.— BEEADTH AS INDICATING ANIMALITY. Spherical forms are naturally self-protecting. Roundness protects its possessor. So all round-built animals, as Indian pony, bull-dog, elephant, etc., are round favored and strong- constitutioned, tough, enduring, and very hardy, but less active and sprightly in body and mind. And this applies equally to human Ijeings. Broad-built persons may be indus- trious, plodding, good feeling, and the like, but love their ease, are not generally brilliant, and take good care of self. Yet they wear like iron, and unless health has been abused, can live to a great age. This form corresponds with the vital tem- perament. 13.-PK0MINENCE INDICATES POWER. "A lean horse for a long pull" is an observation as true as trite. This corresponds with the motive temperament, which it indicates. 14:.— ACTIVITY INDICATED BY LENGTH. In and by the nature of things length of form facilitates ease of action. Thus, doer, gazelle, gi'oyhound, giraffe, tiger, weasel, eel, and all long and slim animals, are quick-motioned, li\'ely, sprightly, nimble, and agile. The same principle applies equally to persons. Thus, those very long-favored, or in wliom this form is. 7.— Are as quick as a flash to perceive and do ; agile ; light- motioned; limber-jointed; nimble; always in motion; restless as the wind ; talli too rapidly to be emphatic ; have no lazy bones in their bodies; are always moving head, hands, feet, something ; ai-e natiu'al scholars ; quick to learn and under- stand; remarkably smart and knowing ; and lovo action—to keep doing— for its own sake; wide awake ; eager ; uncom- monly quick to think and feel ; sprightly in conversation : ver- satile in talent ; flexible ; suggestive ; abounding in idea ; apt 50 ACTIVITY. at most things ; exposed to consumption, because action exceeds strength ; oaa-ly ripe ; brilliant ; liable to premature exhaustion and disease, because the mentality predominates over the vitality. 6.— Are active, restless, brisk, stirring, lively, anything but lazy, with a good organism ; are quick -spoken ; clear- headed ; understand matters and things at the first glance ; see right into and through business, and all they touch readily ; are real workers with head or hands, but prefer head-work; positive; the one thing or the other; and are strongly pre- inclined to the intellectual and moral. Their characters, unless perverted, like their persons, ascend instead of de- scending ; and they are better adapted to law, merchandise, banking, or business than to farming, or heavy mechanical work. Yet, if mechanics, should choose those kinds re- quiring more sprightliness than strength, and mind thaa muscle. 5 OP 4.— Have a fair, but only fair, share of natural ac- tivity and sprightliness : do what they can, and with tolerable ease, but do not love action for its own sake. 3.— Are rather inactive ; do only what they must, and ihnt grudgingly; love to be waited on, but not to wait; and get along with the fewest steps possible ; seek a sedentary life, and are as loth to exercise mind as body. 2 and 1.— Are downright slothful, lazy, and good for no- thing to themselves or ohers. TO CULTIVATE.-Keep doing, doing, doing all the time, and in as lively and sprightly a manner as possible ; and live more on foot than seated. TO RESTRAIN.-Sit down and rest when tired, and let the world jog on while you enjoy it. Do only half you think you must, and be content to let the rest go undone. Do foi- once just see if you can't be lazy. Work as few hours as possible, and take all the advantage you can to get along with the least outlay of strength possible. Sit down, and enjoy what you have already obtained, instead of trj'ing f,o get so much more. Live on your laurels. Don't tear and fret so, if all is not exactly to your lildng, but cultivate contentment EXCITABILITY. 51 15.-EXCITABILITY INDICATED BY SHAEPNESS. All sharp things are, in and by the very nature of their form, penotroting, of which the needle furnishes an example. And this law applies equally to human beings. From time immemorial a sharp nose has been considered indicative of a scolding disposition ; yet it is equally so of intensity in the other feelings, as, well as those which scold. 7.— Are extremely susceptible to. impressions of all kinds; intensely excited by tri flies ; apt to magnify good, bad, every- thing, far beyond the reality ; a creature of impulse and mere feeling ; subject to extreme ups and downs of emotion ; one hour in the garret, the next in the cellar ; extremely liable to neuralgia and nervous affections ; with quality and activity 6 or 7, have ardent desires; intense feelings; keen susceptibilities ; enjoy and suffer in the extreme ; are whole- souled ; sensitive ; positive in likes and dislilces ; cordial ; enthusiastic ; impulsive ; have hobbies ; abound in good feel- ing; yet are quick-tempered ; excitable ; liable to extremes ; liave a great deal of SOUL or passion, and warmth of feel- ing ; are BRILLIANT writers or speakers, but too refined and sensitive for the mass of manldnd ; gleam in the career of genius, but burn out the vital powers on the altar of nervous excitability, and fall victims to premature death, should keep clear from all false excitements and stimulants, mental and physical— tea, coffee, tobacco, drugs, and alcoholic drinks, and cool-off and keep cool. 6.— Are lilie 7, only less so; warm-hearted, impetuous, impulsive, full of soul, and too susceptible to external influ- ences ; swayed too much by feeling : and need much self- government and coolness. 5.— Are siiffioiently sensitive and svisceptible to exciting causes, yet not passional, nor impulsive ; and easily aroused, yet not easily carried away by excitements. With activity 6 or 7, are very quick, but perfectly cool; decide and act instantly, yet knowingly ; do nothing without thinking, but think and do instantaneously ; are never flustered, but com- bine great rapidity with perfect self-possession. 4.— Are like the placid lake— no waves, no noise, and evince llio same quiet spirit under all circumstances. 3.— Are rather phlegmatic ; slow to perceive and feel ; rather 53 EXCITABILITY. cold and passionless ; rarely ever elated or depressed ; neither love nor hate, enjoy nor suffer, with much spirit; are enthu- siastic in nothing, and throw little life or soul into expression , or action. m 2.— Are torpid, listless, spiritless, half asleep about everyJ thing, and monotonous and mechanical in everything. S 1 .—Are really stupid, have the texture of humanity, hvM lack its life and glow, and enjoy and suffer very little. M TO CULTIVATE.-Yieid yourself up to the effects of iifl fluences, persons and things, naturally operating on yon^ seek amusements and excitements ; and try to feel more than comes natural to you. - TO EESTEAIN.-First, fulfill all the health conditions, so as thereby to aliay all false excitement, and secure a quicb state of the body. Eat freely of lettuce and celery, but avoid spices and condiaients. Air, exercise, water, and sleep, and avoiding stimulants, constitute your great phys- ical opiates. Second, avoid all uni)leasant mental excite- ments, and by mere force of will cultivate a calm, quiet, luxurious, to-day enjoying frame of mind. If in trouble, banish it, and make yourself as happy as possible. These primary forms and characteristics usually combine in different degrees, producing, of course, corresponding differences in the talents and characteristics. ^Thus, elo- quence accompanies breadth combined with sharpness. They create that gushing sympathy, that spontaneous overflowing of the soul, that high-wrought, impassioned ecstasy and in- tensity of emotion, in which true eloquence consists, and transmit it less by words than look, gesture, and those touch- ing, melting, soul-stirring, thrilling intonations which storm the citadel of the soul. Hence it can never be written, but must be seen, heard, and felt. This sharpness and breadth produce it first by giving great lungs to exhilarate the speak- er, and send the blood frothing and foaming to the brain, and secondly, by conferring the utmost excitability and in- tensity of emotion, and it is in this exhilaration that real eloquence mainly consists. This sharp and broad form pre- dominated in Bascom, whom Clay pronounced the greatest natural orator he ever heard ; in Chapin and Beeoher, con- fessedly our finest speakers in the pulpit or the rostrum ; KESEnlBLANCE BETWEEN BIEN AND ANIMALS. 53 in Everett; in "the old man eloquent," indeed both the Adamses ; in Dr. Bethime and a host of others. Still, in Patrick Henry, Pitt, and John 13. Gough, each iine'qualed in his day and si)here, the sharp combined with the long. This gives activity united with excitability. Yet this form gives I also the poetic more than the oratorical— gives the impassion- ed, which is the soul of both. Authorship, again, is usually accompanied by the long, prominent, and sharp. lieferenco is not now had to flippant \ scribblers of exciting newspaper squibs, or even of dashing 1 editorials, or sensational productions, nor to mere compilers, but to the authors of deep, sound, original, philosophical, clear-headed, labor productions. THE POETIC, OE LONG AND SHAEP FORM. Poeti-y inheres in various forms. Some distinguished poets are broad and sharp, others long and sharp, but all sharp. Those who evolve the highest, finest, and most fervid style and cast of sentiment, have more of the long, yet loss of the prominent, yet with the long a predominance of the sharp, and are often quite tall. Wm. C. Bryant furnishes an ex- cellent illustration of this shape, as his character does of its accompanying mentality. Those who poetize the passions are, like orators, broad and sharp, of whom Byron furnishes an example in poetry and configuration. The best com- binations of forms for writers and scholars is the sharp pre- dominant, long next, prominent next and all conspicuous. The best form for contractors, builders, managers of men and large mechanical operations, is the broad and promi- nent combined. But they should not be slim. A farmer may have any form but a spindling one, yet a horticulturist or nurseryman may be slim. 1 6. -RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN MEN AND ANIMALS. That certain men " look like" one or another species of an- imals is an ancient observation. And when in looks, also in character. That is, some have both the lion, or bulldog, or eagle, or squirrel e.Ypression of face, and likewise traits of character. Thus, Daniel Webster was called the " Lion of the North," from his general resemblance in form, having shoul- ders, hair, and general expression to that king of beasts ; ancl 54 MEN AND ANIMALS. a lion lie indeed was, in his sluggishness when at his ease, but power when roused ; in his magnanimity to opponents, and the power of his passions. lie had a distinguislied cotemporary, whose color, expression of countenance, manners, everything, resembled thoso of the fox, and foxy indeed he was, in character as well as looks, and introduced into the political machinery of our country, that wire-working, double-gamo policy and chicanery, which has done more to corrupt our ever-glorious institutions than everything else combined, even endangering their very exist- ence, j Those who resemble the bulldog are broad-built, round' favored, square-faced, round-headed, having a forehead square, and perhaps prominent, but low ; mouth rendered square by the projection of the eye or canine teeth, and small- ness of those in front ; corners of the mouth drawn down ; and voice deep, guttural, growling, and snarling. Such, if fed, will bark and bite for you, but if provoked will laj right hold of you, and hold on till you or they perish in the struggle. Tristam Burges, called in Congress the " Bald Eagle," from his having the aquiline or eagle-bill nose, a projection in the upper lip, falling into an indentation in the lower, his eagle-shaped eyes and eyebrows, as seen in the accompanying engraving, was eagle-like in character, and the most war-like, tearin;g, and soaring man of his day. And whoever has a long, hooked, hawk-bill, or Koman nose, wide mouth, spare form, prominence at the lower and middle part of the fore- head, is very fierce when assailed, high tempered, vindictive, efficient, and aspiring, and will fly higher and farther than others. Tigers are. always spare, muscular, long, full over the eyes, large-mouthed, and have eyes slanting dowmvard from their outer to inner argles ; and hum n be ngs thus physic guomically characterized, are fierce, domineering, revengeful, most enter- prising, not over humane, a terror to enemies, and conspicuous somewhere. Swine— fat, lazy, good-dispositioned, flat and hollow-nosed —have their cousins in large abdomened, pug-nosed, double- ohinned, talkative, story-enjoying, beer-loving, good-feeling PHYSlOGNOMr. 55 and feeding, yes-yes liumai>s, who love some easy business, but hate hard work. Horses, oxen, sheep, owls, doves, snakes, and oven frogs, etc., also have their men and women cousins, with their accom- panying characters. These resemblances are plain, bvit more difficult to describe ; but the voice, forms of mouth, nose, and chin are the best bases of observation. 17.-BEAUTIFUL, HOMELY AND OTHER FORMS. In accordance with this general law, that shape is as char- acter, well-proportioned persons have harmony of features and well-balanced minds ; whereas those, some of whose feat- ures stand right out, and others fall in, have uneven, ill-bal- aced characters, so that homely, disjointed exteriors indicate corresponding interiors, while evenly-balanced and exquis- itely formed men and women have well-balanced and suscep- tible mentalities. Hence, ^\oman, more beautiful than man, has finer feelings and greater perfection of character, yet is less powerful— and the more beautifully formed the more exquis itc and perfect the mentality. Nature never deceives— never clothes that in a beautiful, attractive exterior which ii intrins- ally bad or ropcllant. True, the handsomest things, when soured, become correspondingly sour. The finest things, when perverted, become the worst. These two extremes are the worst tempered— those naturally beautiful and exquisitely organized, that when perverted they become proportionally bad, and those naturally ugly formed are naturally bad dis- positioned. Yet homely persons are often excellent tempered, benevo- lent, talented, etc., because they have a few Powerful traits, and also features— the very thing we are explaining— that is, they have extremes alike of face and character. Thus it is that every diversity of character has its correspondence in both the physiognomical form and organic texture. 18.- WALKING AS INDICATING CHARACTER. As already shoiTO, texture corresponds with character, and motion with texture, and therefore character. Those whose motions are awkward yet easy, possess much efficiency and pos- itiveness of character yet lack polish ; and Just in proportion sis 5C CHARACTER INDICATED BY MOTION. they become refined in mind will their movements be corre- spondingly improved. A short and quick step indicates a brisk and active but rather contracted mind, whereas those who take long steps generally have long heads; yet if the step is slow, they will make comparati\oly little progress, while those whose step is long and quick will accomplish proportionately much, and pass most of their comi)etitors on the highway of life. Their heads and plans too will partake of the same far-reaching character evinced in their carriage. Those who skuff or drag their heels, drag and drawl in everything ; while those who walk with a springing, bounding step, abound in mental snap and spring. Those whose walk is mincing, affected, and artificial, rarely, if ever, accomplish much ; whereas those ivho walk carelessly, that is, naturally, are just what they appear to be, and put on nothing for outside show. Those who in walking roll from side to side, lack directness of character, and side every way, according to cir- cinnstances ; whereas those who take a bee line — that is, whose body moves neither to the right nor left, but straight forward —have a corresponding directness of purpose and oneness of character. Those, also, who teeter up and down when they walk, rising an inch oj two every step, will have many corre- sponding ups and downs in life, because of their irregularity of character and feeling. Those, too, who make a great ado in walking, will make much needless parade in everything else, and hence spend a great amount of useless steam in accomplishing nothing; whereas those who walk easily, or expend little strength in walking, will accomplish great results with but little outlay of strength, both mental and xohysical. In Short, every individual has his own peculiar mode of mov- ing, which exactly accords with his mental character ; so that, as far as you can see such modes, you can decipher such out- lines of character. To dancing these principles apply equally. A small, deli- cately molded, fine skinned, pocket-Venus, whose motions are light, easy, waving, and rather characterless, who puts forth but little strength in dancing, is very exquisite in feel- ings, but rather light in the upper story, lacking sense, thought, and strength of mind ; but a large, raw-boned, bounc- ing Betty, who throws herself far up, and comes down good and solid, when she dances is ^^ sijrong, powerful, determined PHYSIOGNOMICAL INDICATIONS. 57 character, well suited to do up rough work, but destitute of polish, though possessed of great force. Some dance all dandy, others all business, yet few all intellect. 19.-LAUGHTEE AS CORRESPONDING WITH CHARACTER. Laughter is very expressive of character. Those who laugh very heartily have music cordiality and whole-souledness of character, except that those who laugh heartily at trities have much feeling, yet little sense. Those whose giggles are rapid, but light, have much intensity of feeling, yet lack power ; whereas those who combine rapidity with foroe in laughing, combine them in character. One of the greatest workers I ever employed, I hired just becau.se he laughed heartily, his giggles being rapid and loud. But a colored domestic who laughed very rapidly, but lightly, took a great many steps to do almost nothing, and though she worked fast, accom- plished little. Vulgar persons always laugh vulgarly, and refined persons show refinement in their laugh. Those who ha, ha right out, unreservedly, have no cunning, and are open- hearted in everything ; ^\'hi]e those who suppress their laughter, and try to control their countenances in it, are more or less secretive. Those who laugh with their mouths closed are non-committal ; while those who throw it wide open are unguarded and unequivocal in character. Those who, sup- pressing laughter for awhile, burst forth volcano-like, have strong characteristics, but are well- governed, yet violent who'i they give way to their feelings. Then there is the intellectual laugh, the love laugh, the horse laugh, the philoprogenitive laugh, the friendly laugh, and many other kinds of laugh, each indicative of corresponding mental improvements. 20.-THE MODE OF SHAKING HANDS also expresses character. Thus, those who give a tamo and loose hand, and shake lightly, have a cold, if not heartless and selfish disposition, rarely sacrificing much for others, are probably conservatives, and lack warmth and soul. But those who grasp firmly, and shake heartily, have a corresponding whole-souledness of character, are hospitable, and will sacri- fice business to friends; while those who bow low when they shake hands, add deference to friendship, and. are, easily led, for good or bad, by friends^ 58 VOICE INDICATES CHAKACTEK. 21. -MOUTH AND EYES PECULIAELY EXPEESSIVE OF GHAEACTEE. Each mouth differs from every other, and indicates a coin- cident character. Large mouths express a corresponding ciuantity ol mentality, while small ones indicate a lesser amount. A coarsely formed mouth indicates power, while one finely formed indicates exquisite susceptibilities. Hence small, delicately-formed mouths indicate only common minds, with very fine feelings and much perfection of character. When- ever the muscles about the mouth are distinct, the character is correspondingly positive, and the reverse. Those who open their mouths wide and frequently thereby evince an open soul, while closed mouths, unless to hide deformed teeth, are proportionately seoielive. And thus of the eyes. In traveling west, in 1837, we examined a man who made great pretension to religion, but ^^'as destitute of conscience, whom we afterward ascertained to be an impostor. While attending the Farmers' Club, in New York, this scamp came in, and besides keeping his eyes half-closed half the time, frequently shut them so as to peep out upon those present, but opened them barely enough to allow vision. Those who keep their eyes half shut are peek- a-boos and eavesdroppers. Those, too, who keep their coats buttoned up, fancy high- necked and closed dresses, etc., are equally non-communica- tive, but those who like open, free, flowing garments, are equally open-hearted and communicative. 22.-INTONATIONS AS EXPEESSINg' CHAEACTEE. Whatever makes a noise, from the deafening roar of sea, cataract, and whirlwind's mighty crash, through all forms of animal life, to the sweet and gentle voice of woman, makes a sound which agrees perfectly with the maker's character. Thus the terrific roar of the lion, and the soft cooing of the dove, correspond exactly with their respective dispositions ; while the rough and powerful bellow of the bull, the fierce yell of the tiger, the coarse, guttural moan of the hyena, the swinish grimt, the sweet warblings of birds, in contrast with the raven's croak and the owl'.s hoot, each correspond i»erfectly witti their respective chairacteristics, And this law holds COLOR OF HAIR, BEARD, SKIN. 59 eiiually true of man. Hence human intonationoi are as superior to brutal as huma.n character exceeds animal. Accoidingly, the peculiarities of all human beings are expressed in thoir voices and mode of speaking. Coarse-grained and powerful animal organizations have a coarse, harsh, and grating voice, while in exact proportion as persons become refined and elevated mentally, will their tones of voice become correspondingly refined and perfected. We little realize how much of character we infer from this .source. Thus, some female friends arc visiting me transiently. A male friend, staying with me, enters the room, is seen by my female company, and his walks, dress, manners, etc., closely scrutinized, yet ho says nothing, and retires, leaving a comparatively indistinct impression as to his character upon my female visitors, whereas, if ho simply said yes or no, the mere sound of his voice commimicafces to their minds much of his character, and serves to fix distinctly upon their minds clear and cori-ect general ideas of his men- tality. The barbarous races use the guttural sounds more than the civilized. Thus Indians talk more down the throat than white men, and thus of all, whether lower or higher in the human scale. Those whose voices are clear and distinct have clear minds, while those who only half form their words, or are heard indistinctly, are mentally obtuse. Those who have sharp, shrill intonations have correspondingly intense feelings, and equal sharpness both of anger and kindness, as is exem- l^lifled by every scold in the world ; whereas those with smooth or sweet voices have corrcsi)onding evenness and goodness of character. Yet, contradictory as it may seem, these same persons not unfreciuently combine both sharpness and softness of voice, and such always combine in character. There are also the intellectual, the moral, the animal, the selfish, the benignant, the mirthful, the devout, the love, and many other intonations, each accompanying corresponding peculiarities of characters. In short, every individual is compelled, by every word uttered, to manifest something of the true character— a sign of character as diversified as correct. 23.-COI-OE AND TEXTDEE OF IIAIE, SKIN, BEAED, ETC. Everything in nature is colored, inside and out; and the cplo? corresponds with the cha,ra,cter. Nature paints hQ? GO COLOR OF IIAIK, BEARD, SKIN. coarse productions in coarso drab, but adorns all her finer, more exquisite productions with her most beautiful colors. Thus, highly-colored fruits are always highly flavored ; the birds of the highest quality are arrayed in the most gorgeous tints and hues. So, also, particular colors signify particular qualities. Thus, throughout all nature black signifies power, or a great amount of character ; red, the ardent, loving, intense, concentrated, positive; green, immaturity; j'ellow, ripeness, richness, etc. Hence all black animals are powerful, of which bear, IVIorgan liorso, black snake, etc., furnish examples. So black fruits, as blackberry, black raspberry, whortle berry, black Tartarian cherry, etc., are highly-flavored and full of rich juices. So, also, the dark races, as Indian and African, are strong, mus- cular, and very tough. All red fruits are acid, as the straw- berry ; but the darker they are the sweeter, as the Baldwin, gillifleur, etc., while striped apples blend the sweet with the sour. But whatever is growing, that is, still immature, is green ; but all grasses, grains, fruits, etc., pass, while ripening, from the green to the yellow, and sometimes through the red. The red and yellow fruits are always delicious. Other pri- mary colors signify other characteristics. Now, since coarseness and fineness of texture indicate coarse and fine-grained feelings and characters, and since black signifies power, and red ardor, therefore coarse black hair and skin signify great power of character of some liind, along with considerable tendency to the sensual; yet fine black hair and skin indicate strength of character, along with purity and goodness. Dark-skinned nations are always be- hind the light-skinned in all the improvements of the age, as well as in the higlior and finer mnnifestations of humanity. So, too, darlc-haired persons," like Webster, sometimes called " Black Dan," possess great power of intellect and propensity, yet lack the finer and more delicate shadings of sensibility and purity. Coarso black hair and slcin, and coarse red hair and whiskers, indicate powerful animal passions, together with corresponding strength of character; while fine, or light, or auburn hair indicates quick susceptibilities, together with refinement and good taste. Fine dark or brown hair indicates the combination of exquisite susceptibilities with great TEXTURE CHARACTERISTICS. ei strength of character, while auburn hair, with a florid coun- tenance, indicates the highest order of sentiment and intensity of feeling, along with corresponding purity of character, com- bined with the highest capacities for enjoyment and suffering. And the intermediate colors and textures indicate intermediate mentalities. Cui-ly hair or beard indicate a crisp, excitable, and variable dis])osition, and much diversity of character- now blowing hot, now ccld— along with intense love and hate, gushing, glowing emotions, brilliancy, and variety of talent. So look out for ringlets ; they betoken April weather— treat them gently, lovingly, and you will have the brightest, clear- est sunshine, and the sweetest, balmiest breezes ; but ruffle them, and you raise— oh, what a storm ! a very hurricane, changeable, now so very hot, now so cold— that you had better not ruffle them. And this is dculfly ti-uo of auburn curls; though auburn ringlets need but a little right, kind, fond treatment to render them all as fair and delightful as the brightest spring morning. Straight, even, smooth, and glossy hair indicates strength, harmony, and evenness of character, and hearty, whole- souled affections, as well as a clear head and superior talent ; while stiff, straight, blaclc hair and beard indicates a coarse, strong, rigid, straightforward character. Abundance of hair and beard signifies virility and a great amount of character ; while a thin beard signifies sterility and a thinly settled upper story, with rooms to let ; so that the beard is very significant of character. And we shall soon see a reason why it should not be shorn. Coarse-haired persons should never turn dentists or clerks, but seek some out-door employment ; and would be better contented with rough, hard work than a light or sedentary occupation, although mental and sprightly occupations would serve to refine and improve them ; while dark and fine-haired persons may choose purely intellectual occupations, and be- come lecturers or writers with fair prospects of success. Red- haired persons should seek out-door employment, for they recxuire a great amount of air and exercise ; while those who have light, fine hair should choose occupations involving taste and mental acumen, yet take bodily exercise enough to lone up and invigorate their system. G2 REDNESS AND PALENESS OP FACE. Generally, T\lieiievcr skin, hair, or features are fine or coarse, the others are equally so. Yet some inherit fineness from one parent, and coarseness from the other, while the color ' of the eye generally corresponds with that of the skin, and expresses charactei'. Light eyes indicate warmth of feeling, and dark eyes power. The mere expression of the eye conveys precise ideas of the existing and predominant states of the mentality and phys- iology. As long as the constitution remains unimpaired, the eye is clear and bright, but becomes languid and soulless in proportion as the brain has been enfeebled. Wild, erratic persons have a half-crazed expression of eye, while calmness, benignancy, intelligence, i:iurity, sweetness, love, lascivious- ness, anger, and all other mental affections, express them- selves quite as distinctly by the eye as voice, or any other mode. 24.-KBDNESS AND PALENESS OF FACE. Thus far our remarks have appertained to the constant colors of the face, yet those colors are often diversiiied or changed for the time being. Thus, at one time the whole countenance will be pale, at another very red ; each of which indicates the existing states of body and mind. Or, thus : when the system is in a per- fectly healthy state, the whole face will be suffused with a glow of health and beauty, and have a red, but never anj inflamed asiiect ; yet any permanent injury of health, which prostrates the bc.dily energies, will change this florid com- plexion into dullness of countenance, indicating that but little blood comes to the surface or flows to the head, and a cor- responding stagnation of the physical and mental powers. Yet, after a time, this dullness freriuently gives way to a fiery redness ; not the floridness of health, but the redness of inflammation and false excitement, which indicates a cor- responding depreciation of the mental facidties. \'ei'y red- faced lici-sons, so far from being the most healthy, are fre- riuently the most diseased, and are correspondingly more ani- mal and sensual in character; because physiological inflamma- tion irritates the propensities more, relatively, than the moral and intellectual faculties, though it may, for the time being, increase the latter also. When the moral and intellectual PHYSIOGNOMY. faculties greatly predominate over the animal, redness may not cause coarse animality, because, while it heightens the animal nature, it also increases the intellectual and moral, which, being the larger, holds them in check ; but when the animal about eouals or exceeds the moral and intellectual, this inflammation evinces a greater increase of animality than intellectuality and morality. Gross sensualists and depraved sinners genei-ally have a fiery red countenance. Stand aloof from them, for their passions are all on fire, ready to ignite and explode on i)rovocations so slight that a Healthy physi- ology would scarcely notice them. This point can hardly be more fully intelligible ; but let readers note the difference between a healthy floridness of face and the fiery redness of drunkards, debauchees, etc. Nor does an inflamed physi- ology merely increase the animal nature, but gives it a far more depraved and sensual cast, thereby doubly increasing the depraved tendencies. 25.-PHYSIOGNOMY A TEUE SCIENCE. That nature has instituted a science of Physiognomy as a facial expression of mind and character is proclaimed by the very instincts of man and animals. Can not the very dog tell whether his master is pleased or displeased, and the very slave, who will make a good and who a cruel master— and all by the expressions of the countenance ? The fact is, that nature compels all her productions to proclaim their in- terior virtues— their own shame, even— and hoists a true flag of character at their mast-head, so that he who runs may read. Thus, all apples both tell that they possess apple character by their apple shape, but what kind of apple — whether good, bad, or indifferent — by their special forms, colors, etc. ; all flsh, not only that they are fish, but whether trout or stur- geon, and all humans that thoy are human by their outline aspect. And thus of all things. Moreover, though all human beings have the general human form and features— though all have eyes, nose, mouth, chin, etc., yet each one has a different face and look from every other. And more yet, the same person has a very different facial look at different times, according as he is angry or friendly, etc. And always the same look when in the same fHYSloONOMY. mood. Of course, then, something causes this expression— especially, since all who are angry, friendly, etc., have one general or similar expression ; that is, one look expresses anger, another affection, another devotion, another kindness, etc. And since nature always works hy means, she must needs have her physiognomical tools. Nor are they rmder the control of will, for they act spontaneously. We can not hell), whether we will or no, laughing when merry, even though in church, pouting when provolred, and expressing all our mental operations, down even to the very innermost recesses of our souls, in and by our countenances. And with more minuteness and completeness than by words, especially when the expressions are intense or peculiar. Certain it is that the countenance expresses a greater amount of thought and feeling, together with their nicer shades and i)hases, than words can possibly communicate. By what means, then, is this effected ? By magnetic centers, called poles. Every physical and mental organ has its pole stationed in a given part of the face, so that, when such organ acts, it influences such poles, and contracts those facial mus- cles which express this action. That there exists an intimate relation between the stomach and one part of the face, the lungs and another, etc., is proved by the fact that consump- tive patients always have a hectic flush on the cheek, just externally from the lower iiortion of the nose, while inactive lungs cause paleness, and healthy ones give the rosy cheek; and that dyspeptic patients are always lank and thin opposite the double teeth, while those whose digestion is good are full between the corners of the mouth and lower portion of the ears. Since, therefore, some of the states of some of the internal organs express themselves in the face, of course every organ of the body must do the same. The magnetic liole of the heart is in the chin. Hence, those whose circula- tion is vigorous have broad and rather ijrominent chins ; while those who are small and narrow-chinned have feeble hearts ; and thus all the other internal organs have their mag- netic poles in various i^arts of the face. Now, since the beard covers these facial poles of the internal organs, of course it helps to guard heart, viscera, etc., from atmospheric changes. Obviously, it was not created for naught, and can not be ;uni>utated with impunity. It also protects the throat and PHYSIOGNOMY. 65 chest, especially of elderly men. And why shave off this natural sign of masculinity ? Shaving is, to say the least of it, rather barbarous. So all the phrenological organs have likewise their facial poles, some of which are as follows : That of Acquisitiveness is on each side of the middle portion of the nose, at its junc- tion with the cheek, causing breadth of nose in proportion to the money-grasi)ing instincts, as in Jews, while a narrow nose indicates a want of the speculative turn. Tirmness is indicated by length, prominence, and a compression of the ui)per lip. Hence, when we would exhort to determined perseverance, we say, " Keep a stiff upper lip." Self-Esteem has its pole externally from that of Firmness, and between the outer portion of the nose and the mouth, causing a full- ness, as if a quid was under the upper lip. 'The affections liave their iioles in the edges of the lips ; hence the philosophy of kissing. The pole of Mirthfulness is located outward and upward from the outer corners of the mouth ; hence the draw- ing up of these corners in laughter. Approbativeness has its role directly outward from these corners, and hence the approbative laugh does not turn the corners of the mouth upward, but draws them straight back, or outwardly. That physiognomy has its science— that fixed and absolute rela- tions exist between the phrenological organs and given por- tions of the face— is an unquestionable truth. By these and other means the inherent character of every living being and thing gushes out through every organ of the body, every avenue of the soul; and both brute and man have a charac- ter-reading faculty, to take intuitive cognizance of the mental operations. Nor will she let any one lie, any more than lie herself, but compels all to carry their characteristics exposed, so that all acquainted with these signs may read them through. If we attempt deception, the very effort convicts us. And if all nature's signs of character were fully under- stood, all could read, not only all the main characters of all they see, but even most of the thoughts and feelings pass- ing in the mind for the time being. And the great rule for reading one and all, is, " Notice all one says and does, ask why, what faculty did or said this, or that, and, especially, yield yourself up to drink in or be affected by these mani- festations." 66 PHRENOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, PHRENOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AS INDICATING CHARACTER. 26. -DEFINITION AND PROOF*. Phrenology points out those relations established by nature between given developments and conditions of brain and corresponding manifestaticms of mind. Its simple yet com- prehensive definition is this : every faculty of the mind is manifested by means of a particular portion of the brain, called its organ, the size of which, other things being equal, is proportionate to its power of function. For example : it teaches that parental love is manifested by one organ, or por- tion of the brain ; appetite by another, reason by a third, etc., which are the larger in proportion as these correspond- ing mental powers are stronger. Are, then, particular portions of the brain larger or smaller in proportion as particular mental characteristics are stronger or weaker? Our short-hand mode of proof is illustrated by the following anecdote. A Mr. Juror once summoned to attend court, died before its sitting. It therefore devolved upon Mr. Simple to state to the court the reason of his non- appearance. Accordingly, when Mr. Juror's name was called, Mr. Simple responded, "May it please the court, I have twenty-one reasons to offer why Mr. Juror is not in attend- ance. The first is, he is dead. The second is—" " That one will answer," replied the judge. " One such reason is amply sufiScient." But few of the many proofs that Phre- nology is true will here be stated, yet those few are decisive. » * « * * firstly. THE BRAIN IS THE ORGAN OP THE MIND. This is assumed, because too universally admitted to rec^uire proof. BRAIN ORGAN OF MIND. G7 Secondly. Is the brain, then, a single organ, or is it a bundle of organs? Does the whole brain think, remember, love, hate, etc., or does one portion reason, another wor- ship, another love money, etc. ? This is the determining point. To decide it affirmatively, establishes Phrenology ; negatively, overthrows it. It is proved by the following facts : THE EXERCISE OF DIEEERENT EUNCTIONS SIM- ULTANEOUSLY.— We can walk, think, talk, remember, love, and many other things, all together— the mind being, in this respect, like a stringed instrument, with several strings vibrating at one time, instead of like a flute, which stops the preceding sound when it commences a succeeding one; whereas, if it were a single organ, it must stop thinking the instant it began to talk, could not love a friend and express that love at the same time, and could do but one thing! at once. MONOMANIA.— Since mental derangement is caused only by cerebral disorder, if the brain were a single organ, the whole mind must be sane or insane together ; whereas most insane persons are deranged only on one or two points, a con- clusive proof of the plurality of the organs of the brain and of the mental faculties.. DIVERSITY OF TALENT, or the fact that some are re- markable for sense, but poor in memory, or the reverse ; some forgetting names, but remembering faces ; some great mechan- ics, but poor speakers, or the reverse ; others splendid natural singers, but no mechanics, etc., conducts us to the same con- clusion. INJURIES OF THE BRAIN furnish still more demonstra- tive ijroof. If Phrenology is true, to inflame Tune, for ex- ample, would create a singing disposition ; Veneration, a praying desire; Cautiousness, groundless fears; and so of all the other organs. And thus it is. Nor can this class of facts be evaded. They abound in all phrenological works, especially periodicals, and drive and clench the nail of proof. COMPARATIVE PHRENOLOGY, or the perfect coincidence 68 COMPARATIVE PHEENOLOGV. existing between the developments and the characters of an- imals, constitutes the highest pi'oof of all. Since Bian and brute are fashioned upon one great model— since the same great optical laws govern the vision of both, the same principle of muscular contraction which enables the eagle to soar aloft be- yond our vision, and the whale to furrow and foam the mightj deep, also enables man to walk forth in the conscious pride of his strength, and thus of all their other common functions— of course, if man is created in accordance with certain phren- ological laws, brutes must also be, and the reverse. If, then, this science is true of either, it must be true of both— must pervade all forms of organization. What, then, are the facts ? Phrenology locates the animal propensities at the sides of the head, between and around the ears ; the social affections in its back and lower portion ; the aspiring faculties in its crown ; the moral on its top, and the intellectual on the forehead ; the perceptives, which relate us to matter, over the eyes; and the reflectives, in the upper part of the forehead. Now, since brutes possess at least only weak moral and re- flective faculties, they should, if Phrenology was true, have little top-head, and thus it is. Not one of all the following drawings of animals have much brain in either the reflective or moral region. Almost all their mentality consists of the animal propensities, and nearly all their brain is found between and around their ears, just where, according to Phrenology, it should be. Yet the skulls of all human beings rise high abo^ve the eyes and ears, and are long on top, that is, have full itel- lectual and moral organs, as we know they possess these men- tal elements. Compare the accompanying human skulls with those of brutes. Those of snakes, frogs, turtles, alligators, etc., slope straight back from the nose : that is, have almost no upward development; tigers, dogs, lions, etc., have little more, yet how insignificant compared with man, while monkeys are between them in these organs and their faculties. Here, then, is inductive proof of Phrenology as extensive as the whole brute creation on the one hand, contrasted with the entire human family on the other. COMPAEATIVE PHRENOLOGY. 69 Tlie engravings of the Imniaii skulls (Figs. 6 and 7) are perfect copies by photograph and show their relative size and shape. Tliat of the man rises high from, the opening of the ear, a, to Firmness, b, and is broad and full at the sides, and large at Auia- tiveness, c. Tlie woman's sknll shows a large devel- opment at d, which is the region of Inhabitiveness, Friendship and Parental Love, while at b and c it is less than in the man. At e, the female sknll is relatively Fig. 7.— Woman's Skull. And thus they are, as seen in ichneumons, etc., compared Fig. 6.— Man's Skull. , Benevolence, and /, Veueration, more developed. The male skull is generally thicker and the points and angles are sharp- er and rougher than those of the female. DESTEUCTIVENESS LARGE. Again, Destructiveness is located by Phrenology over the ear, so as to render the head wide in proportion as this organ is developed. Accordingly, all c a r n i v o- rous animals should bo wide-headed at the ears; all herbivorous narrow, tigers, hyenas, bears, cats, foxes, with rabbits, sheep, etc. TO COMPAEATIVE PHRENOLOa Y. To large Destructiveness, oats, foxes, ichneumons, etc. add large Seoretiveness, botli in character and head. Fig. 8.-HYENA-SIDE VIEW. ^'S- 9--HTENA-BACK SEORETIVENESS AND DISTEUCTIVENESS BOTH LAIiaE. Fig. 18.— Ckow character with the phrenological requisitions. Thus, owls, MONKEYS AND MEN. 71 hawks, eagles, etc., have very vs'ide heads, and ferocious dis- positions; while hens, turke.ys, etc., have narrow heads, and little Destruotiveriess in character. The crow has very large Secretiveness and Cautiousness in ^ the head, as it is known to have in character. Monkeys, too, bear additional testimony to the truth of phrenological science. They possess in character strong perceptive powers, but weak reflectives, powerful propensities and feeble moral elements. Accordingly they are full over the back at the reasoning and moral faculties, while the propen- sities engross most of their brain. Ing. T9.— INTELU- GENT Monkey. ™ „ „ Fig. 20.— Orang-Outang The orang-outang has more forehead— larger intellectual organs, both ])erceptive and reflective— than any other animal, with some of the moral sentiments, and accordingly is called the "half-reasoning man," its phrenology corresponding per- fectly with its character. PEBCEPTIVES LARGER THAN REFLECTIVES. The various races also accord with phrenological science. Thus, Africans generally have full perceptivos, and large Tune and Language, but retiring Causality, and accordingly are dodcient in reasoning capacity, yet have excellent memories and lingual and musical powers. Indians possess extraordinary strength of the propensities and perceptives, yet have no great moral or inventive power ; and, hence, have very wide, round, conical and rather low heads, but are large over the eyes. Indian skulls can always be selected from Caucasian, just by these developments ; while the Caucasian race is superior in reasoning power and moral elevation to all the other races, and, accordingly, has a higher and bolder forehead, and more elevated and elongated top head. 73 PHRENOLOGICAL SIGNS OF CHARACTER. Finally, contrast the massive foreheads of all giant-minded men— Bacons, Franklins, Miltons, etc., with the low, retiring foreheads of idiots. In short, every human, every brutal head, is constructed througliout strictly on phrenological principles. Eansack air, earth, and water, and not one pal- pable exception ever has been, ever can be, adduced. This wholesale view of this science precludes the possibility of mistake. Phrenology is therefore a part and parcel of nature— a universal fact. TPI? PIHLOSOPHT OF PHRENOLOGY. All truth bears upon its front unmistakable evidence of its divine origin, in its lohilosophioal consistency, fitness, and beauty, whereas all untruth is grossly and palpably deformed. All truth, also, harmonizes with all other truth, and con- flicts with all error, so that, to ascertain what is true, and detect what is false, is perfectly easy. Apply this test, intellectual reader, to one after another of the doctrines taught by Phrenology. But enough on this point of proofs. Let us proceed to its illustration. 27.-PHRF.N(1LOGICAL SIGNS OF CHiiEACTEE. The brain is not only the organ of the mind, "the dome of thought, the palace of the soul," but is equally the organ of the body, over which it exerts an all-potent influence for good or ill, to weaken or stimulate, to kill or make alive. In short, the brain is the organ of the body in general, and of all its organs in particular. It sends forth those nerves which keep muscles, liver, bowels, and all the other bodily organs, in a high or low state of action ; and, more than all other causes, invites or repels disease, prolongs or shortens life, and treats the body as its servant. Hence, healthy cere- bral action is indispensable to bodily health, Avhile a longing, pining, dissatisfied, fretful, or troubled state of mind is most destructive of health, and productive of disease ; so is violence in any and all the passions ; indeed, the state of the mind has mainly to do with that of the health? Even dyspepsia is more a mental than a physical condition, and to be cui-ed first and mainly by banishing that agitated, flashy, eager, craving state of mind, and securing instead a calm, quiet, let-the- world- slide state j nor mil any physical appliances avail much without this mental restorative. Hence, too, we PHRENOLOGICAL SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 73 walk or work so muoli more easily and efficiently when we take an interest in what we do. Therefore, those who would be happy or talented must first and mainly keep their brain Tigoious and healthy. The brain is subdivided into two hemispheres, the right and left, by the falciform process of the dura mater— a mem- brane which dips down one to -two inches between the hem- ispheres of the brain, and runs from the root of the nose over to the nape of the neck. This arrangement renders all the phrenological organs double. Thus, as there are two eyes, oars, etc., so that when one is diseased, the other can carry forward the functions, so there are two lobes to each phrenological organ, one on each side. The brain is divided thus : the feelings occupy that portion commonly covered by the hair, while the forehead is occvipied by the intellectual organs. These greater divisions are subdivided into the animal brain, located between and around the ears ; the aspiring faculties, which occupy the crown of the head ; the moral and religious sentiments, which occupy its top; the physico-perceptives, located over the eyes ; and the refleotives, in the upper portion of the forehead. The pre- dominance of these respective groups produces both partic- ular shapes of head and corresponding traits of character. Thus, the head projecting far back behind the ears, and hanging over and downward in the occipital region, indi- cates very strong domestic ties and social affections, a love of home, its relations and endearments, and a corresponding capacity of being happy in the family, and making family happy. Very Avide and round heads, on the contrary, indi- cate strong animal and selfish propensities, while thin, narrow heads indicate corresponding want of selfishness and animality. A head projecting far up at the crown in- dicates an aspiring, self-elevating disposition, proudness of character, and a desire to do and to be something great ; while the flattened crown indicates a want of ambition, energy, and aspiration. A head high, long, and wide upon the top, but narrow betn'een the ears, indicates Casualty, moral virtue, much practical goodness, and a corresponding elevation of character ; while a low and narrow top-head indicates a cor- responding deficiency of these hiunane and religious sus- ceptibilities. A head wide at the upper part of the temples 74 NATURAL LANGUAGE OP FACULTIES. indicates a corresponding desire for personal perfection, to- gether with a love of the beautiful and refined, while narrow- ness in this region evinces a want of taste, with much coarse- ness of feeling, Fullness over the eyes and distance from the opening of the ears indicate excellent practical judgment of matters and things appertaining to property, science, and nature in general ; while narrow, depressed eyebrows indi- cate poor practical judgment of matter, things, their qualities, relations, and oses. Fullness from the root of the nose up- ward indicates great practical talent, love of knowledge, desire to see, ability to do the right thing at the right time, and in the best way, together with sprightlinoss of mind ; while a hollow in the middle of the foi-ehead indicates want of memory, and inability to show off to advantage. A bold, high forehead indicates strong reasoning capabilities, while a retiring forehead indicates less soundness, but availability of talent. 28.-THE NATURAL LANGUAGE OF THE FACULTIES. Phrenology teaches that every faculty, when active, throws head and body in the direction of the acting organ. Thus, Intellect, in the fore part of the head, throws it directly for- ward, and produces a forward hanging motion of the head. Hence, intellectual men never carry their heads backwards and upward, but always forward ; and logical speakers move their heads in a straight line, usually forward, toward their audience ; while vain speakers carry their heads backward. Hence it is not a good sign to stand so straight as to lean backward, for it shows that the brain is in the wrong place —more in the animal than in the intellectual region. Per- ceptive intellect, when active, throws out the chin and lower portions of the face ; while reflective intellect causes the upper portion of the forehead to hang forward, and draws in the chin, as in the engravings of Franklin, Webster, and other great thinkers. Benevolence throws the head and body slightly forward, leaning toward the object which excites its sympathy ; while veneration causes a low bow, which, the world over, is a token of respect ; yet, when Veneration is exercised toward the L»eity, as in devout prayer, it throws the head upward ; and, as we use intellect at the same time, the head is generally directed forward. NATURAL LANGUAGE. 75 He who meets you with, a long, low bow, thinks more of you than ol himselt ; but he who greets you with a short, quick bow— who makes half a bow forward, but a bow and a half backward,— thinks one of you, and one and a half of himself. Ideality throws the head slightly forward and to one side. Very firm men stand straight up and down, inclining not a hair's breadth forward or backward, or to the right or left; hence the expression, " He is an up-and-down man." And this organ is located exactly on a line with the body. Self -Esteem located in the back and upper portion of the head, throws the head and body upward and backward. Large feeling, pompous persons walk in a very dignified, majestic manner, and throw their heads in the direction of Self-Es- teem ; while approbative persons throw their heads ' back- ward, but to one side. The difference between the natural language of these two organs being slight, only the practical phrenologist can perfectly distinguish them. Secretiveness gives a side motion to the head( as if-, peering around a corner, and a half shut canning leer of the eyes. A coxcomb once asked a philosopher, " What makes you hang your head down so ? Why don't you hold it up, and look as I do ?" and was answered : " Look at that field of wheat ! The heads that are all well filled bend downward, but those that stand up straight are empty." There is, moreoA'er, a natural language of money-loving, a leaning forward and turning, which carries the head to one side, as if in ardent pursuit of something, and ready to grasp it with outstretched arms ; while Alimentiveness, situated lower, hugs itself down to the dainty dish with the greediness of an epicure, better seen than described. The sliake of the head is the natural language of Comba.tiveness, and means no, or, I resist you. Those who are combating earnestly shake the head more or less violently, according to the power of the combative feelings but always shake it slightly inclining back- ward ; while Destruotiveness, inclining forward, causes a shaking of the head slightly forward, and turning from side to side. When a person who threatens you shakes his head violently, and holds it paitially backward, and to one side, never fear— he is only barking ; but whoever inclines his head to one side, and shakes it violently, will bite, whether possessed 76 ANALYSIS OP THE FACULTIES. of two legs or four. The social affections are located in tlie back part of the head ; and, accordingly, woman heing more loving than man, vi'hen not under the influence of the other faculties, usually inclines her head backward, and when she kisses children, and those she loves, always turns the head directly backward, and rolls it from side to side, on the back of the neck. Thus i.t is that each of the various postures assumed by individuals expresses the present or permanent activity of their respective faculties. SECTION III. THE PHKENOLOGICAL FACULTIES, THEIR ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION. But the highest evidence, most conclusive to a thinking mind, that Phrenology is true, is this : Whatever is true bears indisputable evidence of its divine origin, m its infinite per- fection ; while that which is human is imperfect. If, there- fore. Phrenology is true, every part and parcel of it will be perfection itself—in its facts, its philosophies, its teachings. x\nd that proposed analysis of the phrenological faculties to which we now proceed \'sill so expound its internal work- ings as to show whether it is or is not thus perfect oi" imperfect —true or false. Its perfection is seen especially in these three aspects : First, the grouping and location of its organs. Through- out all nature, the place of every organ serves to facilitate its function. Thus foot, eye, heart, each bone and organ, can fulfill its office better, placed where it is, than if placed any- where else. And if Phrenology is true, each of the phrenolog- ical organs will be so located, both absolutely and as regards the others, that their position shall aid the end they subserve. And their being thus placed furnishes additional proof that Phrenology is divine. Though the phrenological organs were discovered, some in one century and continent, and others in another, yet on casting the analytical eye over them all, we find them self- ANALYSIS OP THE FACULTIES. 77 classified Iby their geographical position in the head. When on first taking a general survey of the phrenological organs, thinking to improve the classification somewhat, I adopted this rule, beginning at the lowest posterior organs in the head, and classifying them in accordance with the geographical po- sition upward and forward in the head ; and have seen since no chance to improve on this general i)rinciple. And what is more, all those oi gans are in grouBS whose fac- ulties perform analogous functions. Thus all the social affections are grouped in one portion of the head— the back and power : and their position is beneath and below all, just as their function is basilar, yet comparatively unseen. Neither do these organs obtrude themselves on our vision ; nor do we stand on the corners of the streets to proclaim how mu,ch we love husband, wife, children, or friends. So the animal organs are placed at the toj) of the spinal column and base of the brain, or just where the nerves from the various portions of the body ramify on the brain. Now the office of these organs is to carry forward the various bodily wants. This, nature fulfills, by placing them right at the head of those nerves which enable them to communicate with the body in the most perfect manner possible. So the organs in the top of the head, being the highest of all, fulfill the most exalted functions of all. By a law of structure, as we rise from the sole of the foot to the crown of the head, at every inch of our ascending progress we meet with functions more and more important as their organs are located still higher up. Feet, located lowest of all, ijerform the menial services of all ; while the organs in the lower part of the body proper, higher in position, are also higher in function ; for whereas we can live -^-sithout feet, convenient though they be, yet we cannot live long without the visceral organs. Yet longer and better without these than heart or lungs, which located of all in the body proper, fulfill its most important functions their suspen- sion causing simultaneous death. But even these perform functions less elevated than head, which, located highest of all, fulfills the crowning function of all— mind : that for which the entire body, as well as universal nature, was created. And we might therefore infer that the various parts of the brain would fulfill functions more important, according to their position upward from the base to the top, And so it is. 78 ANALYSIS OP THE FACULTIES. For while the aiiimal and social w-gans are to man what foundations are to house— absolutely indispensable, yet that there is a higher quality or grade to man's moral faculties than animal— to those which ally him to angels and to God, than to matter, to immortalitj' than moi-tality— is but the com- mon sentiment of mankind. Is not the good man hi'-her in the human scale than thfiso of powerful animal functions ? Are not those who are great intellectually greater than those who are great animally ? The talented above the rich ? or reason above acquisitiveness? Does not the philosophy involved in this position of the respective organs both absolutely, and as regards each other, evince a divine hand in its construction ? Secondly. Equally philosophical and perfect is the analysis of the phrenological faculties, considered both in reference to man's necessary life-i^equisitions, and as regards universal nature. Man, having a material department to his nature, must needs be linked to matter, and possessed of all its proper- ties. He is so. Then might we not expect some department of his nature to inter-relate him tc each property of matter ? These jjhrenological faculties furnish that relation. And it so is that each phrenological faculty is adapted and adapts man to some great element in matter and arrangement in nature, as also to some special want or requisition of his being. Thus apuetite relates him to his need of food, and to that depart- ment of nature which suijples this food, or to her dietetic pro- productions. Causality adapts him to nature's arrangements of cause and effect ; Comparison, to her classifications ; Torm, to her configurations; Ideality, to the beautiful; and in like manner each of the other faculties adapt him to some insti- tute of nature. And to point out this adaptation furnishes the finest explanation of thefaculties to be found, as well as the strongest proof that the hand that forine^ them is divine." That is. Parental Love is adapted, and adapts man to, the infantile and parental relations. Nature must needs provide for the rearing of every individual child; and this she effects by creating in all parents— vegetable, animal, hu- man—the parental sentiment, or love of their own young, particularly as infants, thus specifying what adult shall care for each particular child, thus absolutely providing for the rearing of all. Hence, whatever concerns the relations of parents to their children comes under this faculty ; and its A FACULTY POK EVERY QUALITY OP MjVTTER. 7 9 correct analysis unfolds whatever concerns parenis and their children. So Consiructiveness adapts man to his need of clothes, houses, and materials for creature comforts, and is adapted to nature's mechanical institutes. And each of the other phrenological organs has a like adaptaton to some great fact or provision in the economy of things. And what is yet more, each phrenological faculty is found to run throughout all animal, all vegetable life, and to be an inherent property of things— of nature, of matter. Thus, the phrenological faculty of Firmness expresses a principle which runs throughout every phase of nature, as seen in the stability of all her operations- the jjerpetual retm-n of her seasons, the immutability of her laws, the stability of her mountains, the uniformity and reliablity or firmness of all her operations. Time, too, expresses a natural institute. For it not only appertains to man and all his habits — the natural peAod of his life included— but all plants are timed, observe each its own times and seasons. Each seed, fruit, animal, everything has its time. Some things begin and end their lives, as it were, in a day— others a year : while the cedars of Lebanon or Cal- ifornia live through many centiu-ies. But even they have their germination, adolescence, maturity, decline, death, and decay. Given fruits ripen each at its given season ; and even flowers and vegetables, transplanted from a southern to a northern latitude, keep up their periodical function in spite of oijposite seasons. Has not every rock, even, its age ? that is a time element— appertaining to the earth, and every one of its productions and their functions, as well as to every star, —is a universal institute of nature. So is Order. For are not eye, foot, heart, spine, always in their respective places? And so of bark, root, limb, fruit, every organ of every animal and vegetable— that is, method is quite as much an element of universal nature as of man. And is not conscientiousness in nature's arragcment that, all her laws obeyed, reward- violated, punish? A tree injured inflicts punishment by with- holding its fruit. And every mong done to man, animal, or thing becomes its own avenger, while every right embodies its own reward, showing that the entity we call conscientiousness is a universal institute, not of man alone, but of every phase of life and function of nature. For every quality of matter we have a faculty adapted to 80 A F^iCULTY FOR EVEEV QUALITY OF MATTEK. appreciate and adapt us to it. Take the intellectual organs : Individuality recognizes the separativeness of things or ex- istence. Form their shape, Size their magnitude, Weight their density or ponderosity, Color their hue. Order their arrangement, Number their ijlurality, Locality llieir place, Time their periodicity, Eventuality their history, Comparison their classification. Language their name, and Causalty their philosophical relations. Thirdly. Phrenology teaches the true philosophy of life. It unfolds the original constitution of man. And in pointing out the original constitution of humanity. Phrenology shows who departs therefrom, and wherein. That is, by giving a .beau ideal of human perfection, it teaches individuals and communities, wherein and how far they conform to, and depart from, this perfect human type, and thereby becomes the great reformer. And as far as individuals and com- munities live in accordance with its requisitions, they live perfect lives : that is, each of its faculties has a nonnal ac- tion. That normal action fulfilled is perfection. Has also an abnormal, which is imperfection. And in teaching us both their normal and abnormal, it thereby teaches us just how to live, even in details ; and thereby settles questions in morals, in ethics, in deal between man and man, in every phase and aspect of life, down to its minutest details and requisitions, thereby becoming the great law-giver of hu- manity. I But to follow out these grand first principles would unduly enlarge our volume. Having stated them, the reader, curi- ous to follow them up, will find in the American Phrenolog- ical Journal, and in works on Phrenology, these and kindred ideas amplified. Meanwhile, to proceed with the phreno- logical organs, their groups, and individual functions. ANALYSIS AND COmI^NATIONS OP THE FACULTIES. 81 SECTION IV. ANALYSIS AND COMBINATIONS OF THE FACULTIES I.-THE SOCFAL GROUP, OK FAiMILY AFFECTIONS, consisting of Amativeness, Conjugality, Parental Love, Friendship, Inhabitiveness, Continuity. These occupy the back and lower portion of the head, causing it to project be- hind the ears, and create most of the family affections and virtues. l.-AMATIVENESS. Fig. 21.— Lakge. Fig. ^2.— Small. Sexuality : the Love element ; attached to the opposite sex ; desire to love, he loved, and marry. Everything in nature is sexed— is male or female. And this sexual institute embodies those means employed by the Author of all life for its inception— for the perpetuitj' and multiplication of the race, of all forms of life. It creates in each sex admiration and love of the other : renders woman winning, i)ersiiaslve, urbane, affectionate, loving, and lovely ; and develops all the feminine charms and graces ; and makes AMATIVENESS. man noble in feeling and bearing ; elevated in aspiration ; gallant, tender, and bland in manner ; affectionate toward woman ; pure in feeling ; highly susceptible to female charms ; and clothes him with that dignity, power, and persuasiveness which accompanies the masculine. Perverted, it occasions grossness and vulgarity in expression and action ; licentious- ness in all its forms : a feverish state of mind ; depraves all the other propensities ; treat the other sex merely as a minister to x^any. Adapted to man's requisition for concert of action, copartnership, combination, and commimity of feeling and interest, and is a leading element of his social relations. VEEY LAEGE.— Love friends with the utmost tenderness and intensity and will sacrifice almost anything for their sake ; with Amativeness large, are susceptible of the highest order of conjugal love, yet base that love primarily in friendship ; with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, defend friends with great spirit, and resent and retaliate their injuries ; with Self- Esteem moderate, take character from associates ; with Acquis- itiveness moderate, allow friends the free use of your purse ; but with Acquisitiveness large, will do more than give ; with Benevolence and Approbativeness moderate, and Acquisitive- ness only full, will spend money freely for social gratification ; with Self-Esteem and Combativeness large, must be first or nothing ; but with only average Combativeness, Destructive- ness, and Self-Esteem, largo Approbativeness, Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Ideality, Marvelousness, and reasoning or- gans, will have many friends, and but few enemies — be amiable and universally beloved ; with large Eventuality and Lan- guage, will remember, -svith vivid emotions, by-gone scenes of social cheer and friendly converse ; with large reasoning or- gans, will give good advice to friends, and lay excellent plans for them ; with smaller Secretiveness and large moral organs, will not believe ill of them, and dread the interruption of friendship as the greatest of calamities ; willingly make any sacrifice required by friendship, and evince a perpetual flow of that commingling of soul, and desire to become one with others which this faculty inspires. FRIENDSHIP. 98 LARGE.— Are cordial, and ardent as friends ; readily form friendship, and attract friendly regards in return ; must have society of some kind ; with Benevolence large, are hospitable, and delight to entertain friends ; with Alimentiveness large, love the social banquet, and set the best before friends ; with Approbativeness large, set the world by their commendation, but are terribly cut by their rebukes ; with the moral faculties large, seek the .society of the moral and elevated, and can en- joy the f riendshi]} of no others ; wilh the intellectual f acidties large, seelt the society of the intelligent ; with Language large, and Secretiveness small, talk freely in company ; and with Mirthfulness and Ideality also large, are full of fun, and give a lively, jocose tm-n to conversation, yet are elevated and Pig. 27 -Large. Fig. 28.— Small. refined ; with Self-Esteem large, lead off in company, and give tone and character to others; but with Self-Esteem small, re- ceive character from friends, and with Imitation large, are lia- ble to copy their faults as well as virtues, with Cautiousness, Secretiveness, and Approbativeness large, are apt to be jealous of regards bestowed upon others, and exclusive in the choice of friends— having a few select, rather than many common- place ; with large Casualty and Comparison, love philosophical conversation, literary societies, etc., and are in every way sociable and companionable. FULL.— Prefer to live in one place, yet willingly change it for a friend, who will sacrifice much on the altar of friendship, 94 FEIENDSHIP. yet offer up friendship on the altar of the stronger passions ; -with large or very large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self- Esteem, Approbativeness, and Acquisitiveness, will serve self first, and friends afterwards; form attachments and break them, when they conflict with the stronger faculties ; with large Secretiveness and moderate Conscientiousness, will be double-faced, and profess more friendship than they possess : with Benevolence large, will cheerfully aid friends, yet it will be more from sympathy than affection ; will have a few warm fijends, yet. only few, but perhaps many speak- ing acquaintances; and with the higher faculties generally large, will be a true, good friend, yet by no means enthusi- astic ; many of the combinations under Adhesiveness large, apply to it when full, allowance being made for its diminished power. , AVERAGE.— Are capable of tolerably strong friendships, yet their character is determined by the larger faculties ; en- joy present friends, yet sustain their absence ; with large Acquisitiveness, place business before friends, and sacrifice them whenever they conflict with money-making ; with Be- nevolence large, are more kind than affectionate, relish friends yet sacrifice no great for their sake ; with Amativeness large, love the person of the other sex more than their minds, and experience less conjugal love than animal passion ; with Ap- probativeness large, break friendship when ridiculed or re- buked, and with Secretiveness large, and Conscientiousness only average, can not be trusted as friends. MODEEATE.— Love society somewhat, and form a few, but only few, attachments, and these only partial ; may have many speaking acquaintances, but fe^v intimate friends, with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, are easily offended with friends, and seldom retain them long ; with large Benev- olence, will bestow services, and with moderate Acquisitive- ness, money, more readily than affection ; but with the selfish faculties strong, take care of self first, and make friendship subservient to interest. SMALL.— Think and care little for friends ; dislike copart- nership ; are cold-hearted, unsocial, and selfish ; take little delight in company, but prefer to be alone ; have few friends, and with large Selfish faculties, many enemies, and mani- INHABITIVENESS. 95 fest too little of this faculty to exert a perceptible influence upon character. VEEY SMALL.— Are perfect strangers to friendship. TO CULTIVATE.— Go more into society ; associate freely with those around you ; open your heart ; don't be so exclu- sive and distant; keep your room less, but go more to par- ties, and strive to be as companionable and familiar as you well can ; nor refuse to affiliate with those not exactly to your liking, but like what you can, and overlook faults. TO RESTRAIN.— Go abroad less, and be more select in choosing friends ; besides guarding yourself against those persuasions and influences friends are apt to exercise over you, and trust friends less, as well as properly direct friend- ship by intellect. Kg. 29.— Large. Fig. 30.— Small. 4.-INHABITIVENESS. The home feeling ; love of house, the place where one was born or has lived, and of home associations. Adapted to man's need of an abiding place, in which to exercise the family feelings ; patriotism. Perversion— home-sickness when away from home, and needless pining after home. VEEY LARGE.— Are liable to homesickness when away from home, especially for the first time, and the more so 96 INHABITIVENESS. if Parental Love and Adhesiveness are large ; will suffer al- most any inconvenience, and forego bright prospects rather than leave home ; and remain in an inferior house or place of business rather than change. For combinations, see In- habitiveness— Large. LAEGE.— Have a strong desire to locate young, to have a home or room exclusively ; leave home with great reluctance, and return with extreme delight ; soon become attached to house, sleeping-room, garden, fields, furniture, etc. ; and highly prize domestic associations ; are not satisfied without a place on which to expend this home instinct ; with Parental Love, Adhesiveness, Individuality, and Locality large, toII love to travel, yet be too fond of home to stay away long at a time ; may be a cosmopolite in early life, and see much of the world, but will ^afterward settle down ; with Approba- tiveness and Combativeness large, will defend national honor, praise own country, government, etc., and defend both country and fireside with great spirit ; with Ideality large, will beautify home ; with Friendship large, will delight to see friends at home rather than abroad ; with Alimentiveness large, will enjoy food better at home than elsewhere, etc. FULL.— Prefer to live in one place, yet willingly change it when interest or the other faculties require it : and with large Parental Love, Adhesiveness, and Amativeness, thinlt more of family and friends than of the domicile. AVERAGE.— Love home tolerably well, yet with no great fervor, and change the place of abode as the other faculties may dictate ; take some, but no great interest in house or place, as such, or pleasure in their improvement, and are satisfied with ordinary home comforts ; with Acquisitiveness large, spend reluctantly for its improvement ; with Construc- tiveness moderate, take little pleasure in building additions to home ; with Individuality and Locality large, love travel- ing more than staying in one place, and are satisfied with inferior home accommodations. MODEKATE OR SMALL.-Oare little for home ; leave it without much regret ; contemplate it with little delight ; take little pains with it ; and with Accxuisitiveness large, spend reluctantly for its improvement. VERY SMALL.— Feel little, and show less, love of domicile as such. CONTINUITY. 9? TO CULTIVATE.— stay more at home, and cultivate a love of home, and its associations and joys, and the love of country. TO RESTRAIN.— Go from home, and hanish that feeling of home-sickness experienced away from home. 5. -CONTINUITY. A patient dwelling upon one thing until it is done ; con- secutiveness and connectedness of thought and feeling. Adapted to a man's need of doing one thing at a time. Per- version—prolixity, repetition, and excessive amplification. This faculty can hardly be grouped, as its function seems to work with and aid every other. Fig. 31.— Large. Fig. 32.— Small. VERY LARGE.— Eix the mind upon objects slowly, yet can not leave them unfinished ; have great application, yet lack intensity or point ; are tedious, prolix, and thorough in a few things rather than an amateur in many. LARGE.— Give the whole mind to the one thing in hand till it is finished ; complete at the time ; keep up one common train of thought, or current of feeling, for a long time ; are disconcerted if attention is directed to a second object, and can not duly consider either ; with Adhesiveness large, pore sadly over the loss of friends for months and years ; with the moral faculties large, are uniform and consistent in re- ligious exercises and character; with Combativeness and 98 CONTINUITr. Destruetiveness large, retain grudges and dislikes for a long time ; with Ideality, Comparison, and Language large, amplify and sustain figures of speech ; -with the intellectual faculties laTge, con and pore over one thing, and impart a unity and completeness to intellectual investigations ; become thorough in whatever study is commenced, and rather postpone than commence, unless sure of completing. FULL.— Dwell continuously upon subjects, unless espe- cially called to others ; prefer to finish up matters in hand, yet can, though with difficulty, give attention to another thing ; with the business organs large, make final settlements ; with the feelings strong, continue their action, yet are not monotonous, etc. AVERAGE.— Can dwell upon things, or divert attention to others, as occasion requires ; are not confused by interrup- tion, yet prefer one thing at a time ; with the intellectual organs large, are not a smatterer, nor yet profound ; with the mental temperament, are clear in style, and consecutive in idea, yet never tedious ; with Comparison large, manu- facture expressions and ideas consecutively, and connectedly, and always to the point, yet never dwell unduly. MODEKATE.— Love and indulge variety and change of thought, feeling, occupation, etc. ; are not confused by them ; rather lack application ; with a good intellectual lobe, and an active temperament, know a little about a good many things, rather than much about any one thing ; with an active organization, think clearly, and have unity and intensity of thought and feeling, yet lack connectedness ; with large Language and small Secretiveness, talk easily, but not long at a time upon any one thing ; do better on the spur of the moment than by previous preparation ; and should cultivate consistency of character and fixedness of mind, by finishing all begun. SMALL.— With activity great, commence many things, yet finish few ; crave novelty and variety ; have many irons in the fire; lack application; jump rapidly from premise to conclu- sion, and fail to connect and carry out ideas ; lack steadiness and consistency of character; may be brilliant, yet can not be profound ; humming-bird like, fly rapidly from thing to thing, but do not stay long ; have many good thoughts, yet SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 99 they are scattered ; and talk on a great variety of subjects in a short time, but fail sadly in consecutivenoss of feeling, thought, and action. An illustrative anecdote : An old and faithful servant to a passionate, petulant master, finally told him he could endure his testiness no longer, and must leave, though wth extreme reluctance. " But," replied the master, " you know I am no sooner angry than pleased again." " Aye, but," replied the servant, "you are no sooner pleased than angry again." VERY SMALL.— Are restless, and given to perpetual change ; with activity great, are composed of gusts and coun- ter-gusts of passion, and never one thing more than an instant at a time. TO CULTIVATE.— Dwell on, and pore over, till you com- plete the thing in hand.x make thorough work ; and never allow your thoughts to wander, or attention to be distracted or indulge diversity or variety in anything. TO KESTRAIN.— Engage in what will compel you to attend to a great many diffeient things in quick succession, and break up that prolix, long-winded monotony caused by an excess of this faculty. II.-SELFISH PROPENSITIES. consisting of Vitativeness, Combativeness, Destructiveness, Alimentiveness, Acquisitiveness, Secretiveness. These pro- vide for man's animal wants ; create those desires and instincts and supply those wants which relate more especially to his animal existence and physical necessiiies directed, and sancti- fied by the higher faculties, have tremendous force of character and energy of mind. TO CULTIVATE.— Keep a sharp eye on your own interests ; look out well for number one ; fend off impositions ; harden up : don't be so good ; and in general cultivate a burly, driving, self-caring, physical, worldly, spirit ; especially increase the physical energies by observing the health-laws, as this will re-increased those animal organs. TO RESTRAIN.— First and most, obviate all causes of physical inflammation and false excitement ; abstain from spiritous liquors, wines, tobacco, mustard, spices, all heavy and 100 VITATIVENESS. rich foods ; eat liglitly, and ol farinaceous rather than of flesh diet, for meat is directly calculated to inflame the animal pas- sions ; avoid temptation and incentives to anger and sensual- ity ; especially associate only with the good, never with those who are vulgar or "\'icious ; but most of all, cultivate the higher purer moral faculties, and aspire to the high and good ; also cultivate love of nature's beauties and works, as the very be'st means of restraining the animal passions. Tenacity of life ; resistance of death ; love of existence as svich ; dread of annihilation ; love of life, and clinging tena- ciously to it for its own sake. VERY LARGE.- Shrink from death, and cling to life with desperation ; struggle with the utmost determination against disease and deatli ; nor give up to die till the very last, and then by the hardest ; with Cautiousness very larsje, and Hope moderate, shudder at the very thought of dying, or being dead ; but -with Hope large, exgect to live against hope and experi- ence. The combinations are like those under large, allow- ance being made for the increase of this faculty. LARGE.— Will struggle resolutely through fits of sickness, E.-VITATIVENESS. Fig. 33.— Large. Fig. 34.— Smalu COMBATIVENESS. 101 and will not give up to die till absolutely compelled to do so. Witli largo animal organs, cling to life on account of this world's gratifications ; with large moral organs, to do good— to promote human happiness, etc., with largo social faculties, love life both for its own sake and to bless family ; with very large Cautiousness, dread to change the present mode of exis- tence, and with large and perverted Veneration and Conscien- tiousness, and small Hope, have an indescribable dread of en- tering upon an untried future state ; but with Hope large, and a culivated intellect, expect to exist hereafter, etc. FULL.— Love life, and cling tenaciously to it, yet not ^ex- travagantly ; hate to die, not from the fear of being dead, but yield to disease and death, though reluctantly. AVERAGE.— Enjoj' life, and cling to it with a fair degree of earnestness, yet by no means with jjassionate fondness ; and with a given constitution and health, will die easier and sooner than with this organ large. iMODERATE OR SMALL.-Like to live, yet care very little about existence for their own sake; with large animal or do- mestic organs, may wish to live on account of family, or busi- ness, or worldly pleasures, yet care less about it for their own sake, and yield up existence with little reluctance or dread. VERY SMALL.— Have no desire to live merely for the sake of living, but only to gratify other faculties. TO CULTIVATE.-Think of the value of life, and plan things to be done and pleasures to be enjoyed that are worthy to live for. TO RESTRAIN.-Guard against a morbid love of life, or dread of death. Regard death as much as possible as a nat- ural institution, and this life as the pupilage for a better state of being. 6. -COMBATIVENESS. Resistance— opposition ; defense ; defiance ; boldness ; cour- age ; spirit ; desire to encounter ; self-protection ; presence of mind ; determination ; get-out-of-my-way ; let-me-and-mine- alone. Adapted to man's requisition for overcoming obstacles, contending for rights, etc. Perversion— anger ; contrary ; fault-finding : contention ; ill-nature ; and fighting. 102 COMBATIVENESS. VERY LARGE.— Show always and everywhere the utmost heroism, boldness, and courage ; can face the cannon's mouth coolly, and stare death in the face without flinching ; put forth remarkable efforts in order to carry measures ; grapLole right in with dilTiculties with a real relish, and dash through them as if mere trifles : love pioneer, adventurous, even haz-irdous expeditions ; shrink not from danger ; are appalled by no hard- ships ; prefer a roiigli and daring life— one of struggle and hair- breadth escapes— to a quiet, monotonous business ; are deter- mined never to be conquered, even by superior odds, but incline to do battle single-handed against an army ; with Cau- tiousness only full, show more valor than discretion, are often Fig. 35.— L.utGE. Fig. 36.— Small. fool-hardy, and always in hot water; with smaller Secretive- ness and Approbativenoss, are most unamiable, hatefulness sticking right straight out ; with drinking habits and bad asso- ciates, have a most violent, ungovernable temper ; are desper- ate, most bitter, and hateful, and should never be provoked. For additional combinations see Large, allowing for difference in size. LARGE.— Are bold, resolute, fearless, determined, dis- posed to grapple with and remove obstacles, and drive what- ever is undertaken ; love debate and opposition ; are perfectly cool and intrepid ; have great presence of mind in times of COMBATIVENESS. 103 danger, and nerve for encounter; with large Parental Love, take the part of children ; with large Inhabitiveness, defend country ; with a x'owerful muscular system, put forth all their strength in lifting, working, and all kinds of manual labor; with great Vitativeness and Destructiveness, defend life with desperation ; with large Acquisitiveness, maintain X)ecuniary rights, and drive money-making plans ; with large Approbativeness, resent insu.lt, and large Adhesiveness added, defend the character of friends ; with full or large Self-Es- teem, defend personal interest, take their own part with spirit, and repel all aggressions ; with Self-Esteem small, and Benev- olence and Friendship large, defend the interests of friends more than of self ; with large Conscientiousness, prosecute the right and oppose the wrong most spiritedly ; with large intellectual organs, impart vigor, power, and impressiveness to thoughts, ■ expressions, etc. ; witli disordered nerves, are peevish, fretful, fault-finding, irritable, dissatisfied, unreason- able, and fiery in anger, and should first restore the nerves to health, and then restrain this fault-finding disposition, by remembering that the cause is in themselves, instead of in what they fret at. FULL.— Evince those feelings described under Large, yet in a less degree, and as modified more by the larger organs ; thus, witli large moral and intellectual faculties, show much more moral than physical courage ; maintain the right and opi^ose the wrong ; yet, with Firmness large, in a decided rather than in a combative spirit, etc. AVERAGE.— Evince the combative spirit according to cir- cumstances ; when vigorously opposed, or when any of the other faculties work in conjunction with Combativeness, show a good degree of the opposing, energetic spirit ; but when any of the other faculties, such as large Cautiousness or Approba- tiveness, work against it, are irresolute, and even cowardly ; ^^ith an active temperament, and disordered nerves, especially if dyspeptic, have a quick, sharp, fiery temper, yet lack power of anger; will fret and threaten, yet mean, and actually do, but little :, with a large brain, and large moral and intellectual organs, will put forth some intellectual and moral force when once thoroughly roused, which will be but seldom ; with large Approbativeness, and small Acquisitiveness, will defend char- acter, but not pecuniary rights; with large Cautiousness, 104 COMBATIVENESS. may be courageous where clanger is far off, yet will run rather than fight ; with smaller Cautiousness, will show some resentment when imposed upon, but submit rather tamely to injuries; with very large Parental Love, and only average friendship, will resent any injuries offered to children with great sx)irit, yet not those offered to friends, etc. MODERATE.— Rather lack efficienoy ; with only fair mus- cles, are poor workers, and fail to put forth even what little strength they have ; with good moral and intellectual organs, possess talent and moral worth, yet are easily overcome by opposition or difficulty ; should seek some quiet occupation, where business comes in of itself, because loth to intrude unbidden upon the attention of others ; are too gocd to be ener- getic; with weak Acquisitiveness, allow virtual robbery with- out resentment ; with large Cautiousness, are tame and pusil- lanimous ; with large Approbativeness, can not stand rebuke, but wilt imder it ; with moderate Self-Esteem and Hope, are all "I can't, it's hard," etc., and will do but little in life. SMALL.— Are inert and inefficient ; can accomplish little ; never feel self-reliant or strong ; and with large moral and intellectual organs, are too gentle and easily satisfied; with large Cautiousness, run to others for protection, and are always complaining of bad treatment. VERY SMALL.— Possess scarcely any energy, and mani- fest none. TO CULTIVATE.-Encourage a bold, resistant, defiant, self-defending spirit; fend off imposition like a real hero; rather encourage than shrink from encounter; engage in debate, and the mental conflict of ideas and sentiments in politics, in religion, in whatever conies up, and take part in public meetings; take sides in everything; say and try to feel— None shall provoke me with impunity. TO RESTRAIN.— l>o just the opposite of the preceding advice ; whenever you find anger rising, turn on your heel ; avoid debate, and say mildly and pleasantly whatever you have to say; bear with imposition rather than resent it; cul- tivate a turn-the-other-cheek spirit ; never swear, or scold, or blow up anybody, and restrain temper and wrath in all their manifestations, DESTRUCTIVBNESS. 105 7.-DESTEUCTIVENESS. Execvitivcness ; severity ; sternness ; the destroying and pain-causing faculty ; harshness ; extermination : indigna- tion ; disposition to break, crush, and tear down ; the walk- right-through-spirit. Adapted to man's destroying whatever is prejudicial to his happiness; jjerforining and enduring sur- gical operations ; undergoing pain, etc. Perversion— wrath ; revenge; malice; disposition to murder, etc. VERY LARGE.— Experience the most powerful indigna- tion, amounting even to rage and violence, when thoroughly provoked; and ivith large or very large Combativeness, act like a chafed lion, and feel like rushing into the midst of Fig. 37.— Large. Fig. 38.— Small. l)erilous dangers ; tear up and destroy whatever is in the way ; are harsh and often morose in manner, and should cidtivate pleaantness ; with large Combativeness, Firmness, Self-Es- teem, and Aiiprobativeness moderate, are exceedingly repul- sive, hating and hateful when angry, and much more pro- voked than occasion rertmres ; with large intellectuals, put forth tremendous mental energy ; and should offset this faculty by reason and moral feeling, and cultivate blandness instead of wrath. 106 DESTEUCTIVENESS. LAKGE.— Impart that determination, energy, and force wMchi remove or destroy whatever impedes progression ; with Firmness large, give that iron will which adheres till the very last, in spite of everything, and carry points anyhow; with large Combativeness, impart a harsh, rough mode of expression and action, and a severity, if not fierceness to all encounters; with large Acciuisitiveness and Conscientious- ness, will have every cent due, though it costs two to get one, yet want no more, and retain grudges against those who have injured the pocket; with large Approbativenesss and Combativeness, experience determination and hostility toward those who trifle with reputation or impeach charac- ter; with large Self-Esteem, upon those who conflict with its interests, or detract from its supposed merits ; with large Adhesiveness, when angry with friends, are very angry ; with large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, employ a harsh mode of showing kindness ; with large Comparison and Lan- guage, heax) very severe and galling epithets upon enemies ; with large Ideality, polish and refine expression of anger, and put a keen edge ujjon sarcasm, yet they cut to the very bone, etc. Such should avoid and turn from whatever pro- vokes. FULL.— Evince a fair degree of this faculty, yet its tone and direction depend upon the larger organs ; with large propensities, manifest much animal force ; with large moral or- gans, evince moral determination and indignation ; with large intellectual organs, possess intellectual might and energy, and thus of its other combinations; but with small Combativeness, are peaceful imtil thoroughly roused, but then rather harsh and vindictive; if boys, attack only when sure of victory, yet are then harsh ; with smaller Self-Esteem, exercise this faculty more in behalf of others than of self ; with large Cautious- • ness and moderate Combativeness, keep out of danger, broils, etc., till compelled to engage in them, but then become des- perate, etc. AVEKAGE.— Are like Full, onlj less so. MODERATE.— Evince but little harshness or severity, and shrink from pain ; with large Benevolence, are unable to wit- ness suffering or death, much less to cause them; possess but little force of mind, or executiveness of character, to drive through obstacles ; with large moral organs added, are DESTRUCTIVENESS. 107 more beloved than feai-ed, manifest extreme sympathy, amounting sometimes even to weakness, and secure ends more by mild than severe measures ; with moderate Com- bativeness and Self-Esteein, are irresolute, unable to stand ground, or take care of self; fly to others for protection ; can do little, and feel like trying to do still less ; fail to realize or put forth strength ; and with large Cautiousness added, see lions where there are none, and make mountains of mole- hills ; and with small Hope added, are literally good for noth- ing ; but with large Hope and Firmness, and full Self-Es- teem and Combativeness, accomplish considerable, yet in a fiuiet way, and by perseverance more than force— by siege rather than by storm— and -with large intellectual and moral faculties added, are good, though not tame ; exert a good influence, and that always healthful, and are mourned more when dead than prized while living. The combinations under this organ large, reversed, -apply to it when moderate. SMALL.— With large moral faculties, ijossess too tender a soLil to enjoy our world as it is, or to endure hardships or* bad treatment ; can neither endure or cause suffering, anger being so little as to provoke only ridicule, and need hardness and force. VERY SMALL.— Experience little, and manifest none of this faculty. TO CULTIVATE.— Destroy anything and everything in your way ; killing weeds, blasting rocks, felling trees, using edge tools, tearing up roots, plowing new ground, cultivating new farms, hunting, exercising indignation when wronged, and against public wrongs ; espousing the cause of the i oppressed ; fighting public evils, such as intemperance and the like, all are calculated to cultivate and strengthen this faculty. Still, care should be taken to exercise it under the control of the higher faculties, and then no matter how great that exercise. TO EESTEAIN.— Kill nothing ; and offset destructiveness by benevolence ; never indulge a rough, harsh spirit, but cultivate instead a mild and forgiving spirit ; never brood over injuries or indulge revengeful thoughts or desires, or aggravate yourself by brooding over wrongs ; cultivate good manners ; and when occasion rec^uires you to reprove, do it 108 ALIMENTIVENESS. in a bland, gentle manner rather than rovighly ; never tease, even children, or scourge animals, but bo kind to both, and offset by benevolence and the higher faculties. 8.-ALIMENTIVENESS. Appetite ; the feeding instinct ; relish for food ; hunger. Adapted to man's need of food, and creating a disposition to eat. Perverted, it produces gormandizing and gluttony, and causes dyspepsia and all its evils. Fig. 39.— Large. Fig. 40.— Sm.vli.. VERY LARGE.— Often eat more than is requisite; enjoy food exceedingly well; and hence are liable to clog body and mind by over-eating ; should restrain appetite ; will feel better by going withovxt an occasional meal, and are liable to dyspep- sia. This faculty is liable to take on a diseased action, and crave a much greater amount of food than natiu-e requires and hence is the great cause of dyspepsia. Its diseased action may be known by a craving, hankering, gone sensation be- fore eating; by heart-burn, pain in the stomach, belching of wind, a dull, heavy, or painful sensation in the head, and a desire to be always nibbling at something; lives to eat, instead of eating to live, and should at once be eradicated by omitting one meal daily, and, in its stead, drinking abun- dantly of water. ALIMENTIVENESS. LARGE.— Have a hearty relish for food ; set high value upon table enjoyments, and solid, hearty food; with Acquisi- tiveness large, lay up abundance of food for future use— pea-haps keep so much on hand that some of it spoils ; with Ideality large must have everything clean about the table and have food nicely cooked ; with large Language and intellect, enjoy table-talk exceedingly, and participate in it; with large social faculties, must eat with others ; can cook well, if practiced in culinary arts ; and with larger Approbative- ness and Ideality than Causality, apt to be ceremonious and over-polite at table, etc. Such should restrain this faculty by eating more slowly, and often less. FULL.- With a healthy stomach, eat freely what is offered, asking no questions ; enjoying it, but not extravagantly ; rare- ly over-eat, except when the stomach is disordered, and then experience that hankering above described, which a rich diet alone can cure. l or combinations, see Large. AVERAGE.— Enjoy food well, and eat with a fair relish ; yet rarely over-eat, except when rendered craving by dyspeptic complaints. MODERATE.— Rather lack appetite; eat with little relish, and hence require to pamper and cultivate appetite by dain- ties, and enjoying rich flavors ; can relish food only when other circumstances are favorable ; feel little hxmger, and eat to live, instead of living to eat ; with Eventuality small, can not remember from one meal to another what was eaten at the last. SMALL.— Eat " with long teeth," and little relish ; hardly know or care what or when they eat; and should pay more attention to duly feeding the body. VERY SMALL.— Are almost wholly destitute of appetite. This faculty is more liaLlo to perversion than any other, and excessive and fast eating occasions more sickness, and depraves the animal passions more than all other causes com- bined. To feed the body properly is of the utmost import- ance. Whenever this faculty becomes diseased, the first object should be to restore its natural function by abstinence. Medicines rarely do it. TO CULTIVATE.-Gonsider before you provide or order your meals what would relisli best, and as far as possible 110 BIBATIVENESS. provide what seems to you will taste good; pamper appetite; eat leisurely, and as if determined to extract from your food all the rich flavors it may contain, and in eating be governed more by flavor tlian quantity ; endeavor to get up an appetite, even when you feel none, by eating somewhat dainty, as if to see if it were not good ; do so by food and drinks as wine con- noisseurs do in testing viands— that is, taste things with a view of ascertaining their relative flavors ; in short, exercise and indulge appetite ; also, do as directed in order to cultivate digestion. TO RESTRAIN.— Eat but seldom— for by keeping away from table this faculty remains comparatively quiet ; and when you eat, eat slowly, leisurely, quietly, pleasurably, as if deter- mined to enjoy eating, for this satisfies appetite with much less food than to eat voraciously; mingle pleasant conversa- tion with meals ; direct attention more to how good your food is than how much you eat ; always leave the table with a good appetite, and stop the moment you have to resort to condiments or desserts to keep up appetite ; eat like the epi- cure, but not like the goiu-mand— as if you would enjoy a little rather than devour so much ; eat sparingly, for the more you cat the more you re-inflame the stomach, and thereby re- increase that hankering you need to restrain. III.-BIBATIVENESS OR AQUATIVENESS. (Located in front of Alimentiveness.) Fondness for liquids ; desire to drink ; love of water, wash- ing, bathing, swimjning, sailing, etc. Adapted to the exist- ence and utility of ■^^•al'er. Perversion — drinking in exces- sive quantities ; drunkenness ; and unquenchable thirst. VERY LARGE.— Are excessively fond of water, whether applied internally or externally, and a natural swimmer ; and with Individuality and Locality, a natural seaman ; with large Adhesiveness, and Approbativeness, and small Self-Es- teem and Acquisitiveness, should avoid the social glass, for fear of being overcome by it. LARGE.— Love to drink freely, and frequently ; experi- ence much thirst; enjoy washing, swimming, bathing, etc., exceedingly, and are benefited by tlie same ; with Ideality large, love water prospects. rULLr.— Enjoy water well, but not extravagantly; drink ACQUlSmVENESS. m freely when the stomach is in a fevered state, and is benefit- ed by its judicious external application. AVERAGE.— Like to drink at times, after working freely or perspiring copiously, yet ordinarily care little about it. MODERATE.— Partake of little water, except occasionally, and are not particulary benefited by its external application, further than is necessary for cleanliness ; dislike shower or plunge-baths, and rather dread than enjoy sailing, swimming, etc., especially when Cautiousness is large. SMALL.— Care little for liquids in any of their forms, or for any soups, and, with large Cautiousness, dread to be on or near the water ; with Alimentiveness large, prefer solid, hard food to puddings or broth, etc. VERY SMALL.— Have an unqualified aversion to water and all fluids, a constitutional hydrophobiac. 9.-ACQUISrnVENESS. Economy ; frugality ; the acquiring, saving, and hoarding instinct ; laying up a surplus, and allowing nothing to be wasted ; desire to possess and own ; the mine-and-thine feel- ing ; claiming of one's own things ; love of trading and amassing property. Adapted to man's need of laying up the necessaries and comforts of life against a time of future need. Perversion— a miserly, grasping, close-fisted penuriousness. VERY LARGE.— Hasten to be rich ; are too eager after wealth ; too industrious ; too close in making bargains ; too small in dealing ; with large Cautiousness, are penny wise, but pound foolish ; hold the sixpence too close to the eye to see the dollar farther off, and give entire energies to amassing property ; with smaller Seoretiveness and large Conscientious- ness, are close, yet honest, will have due, yet want no more, and never employ deception ; but, with large Seoretiveness and but average Conscientiousness, make money anyhow; palm-ofi inferior articles for good ones, or at least over- praise what is on sale, but run down in buying ; and with large Parental Love and Perceptives added, can make a finished horse-jockey ; with small Self-Esteom, are small and mean in deal, and stick for the half-cent ; with very large Hope, and only full Cautiousness, embark too deeply in busi- 112 ACQUISITIVENESS. ness, and are liable io fail; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, will do for friends more than give to, and circu- late the subscription-paper rather than sign it; with large Hope and Secretiveness, and only average Cautiousness, buy more than can be paid for, pay more in promises than in money, should adopt a cash business, and check the manifes- tations of this faculty by being less penm-ious and industrious, and more liberal. LARGE.— Save for future use what is not wanted for pres- ent ; allow nothing to go to waste ; turn everything to a good account ; buy closely, and make the most of everything ; are Fig. 41.— Laege. Fig. 42.— Small. industrious, economical, and vigorously employ all means to accumulate property, and desire to own and possess much ; with large social organs, industriously acquire property for domestic purposes, yet are saving in the family ; with very large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, are industrious in acquir- ing property, yet spend it too freely upon friends ; with largo Hope added, are too apt to indorse for them ; ivith small Secret- iveness, and activity greater than power, are liable to overdo, and take on too much work in order to save so much, as often to incur sickness, and thus lose more than gain ; with large Approbativeness and small Secretiveness, boast of wealth, but with large Secretiveness, keep pecuniary affairs secret ; with ACQUISITIVENESS. 113 iai'ge Construotiveness, incline to make money by engaging in some meclianical brancli of business ; witli large Cautiousness, are iiroviclent ; with large Ideality, keep things very nice, and are tormented by whatever mars beauty; with large intellect- ual organs, love to accumulate books, and whatever facilitates intellectual progress ; mth large Veneration and Self-Esteem, set great store on antique and rare coins, and specimens, etc. FULL.— Take good care of possessions, and use vigorous exertions to encliance them ; value property for itself and its uses ; are industrious, yet not grasping ; and saving, without being close ; with large Benevolence, are too ready to help friends ; and with large Hope added, too liable to indorse ; and with an active temperament, too industrious to come to want ; yet too generous ever to be rich. AVERAGE.— Love property ; yet the other faculties spend ciuite as fast as this faculty accumulates ; with Cautiousness largo or very large, love property in order to be safe against future want ; with large Approbativeness, desire to keep up appearances ; with large Conscientiousness, to pay debts ; with largo intellectual organs, will pay freely for intellectual attain- ments ; yet the kind of property and objects sought in its acqui- sition depends upon other and larger faculties. MODERATE.— Value and make property more for its uses than itself ; seek it as a means rather than an end ; with Cau- tiousness large, may evince economy from fear of coming to want, or with other large organs, to secru-e other ends, yet care little for property on its own account ; are rather wasteful ; do not excel in bargaining, or like it ; have no great natm-al l)couniary tact, or money-making capability, and are in danger of living quite up to income ; with Ideality large, must have nice things, no matter how costly ; yet do not take first-rato care of them ; disregard small expenses ; purchase to consume as much as to keep ; prefer to enjoy earnings now to laying them up ; with large domestic organs, spend freely for family ; with strong Approbativeness and moderate Cautiousness, are oxtraA'agant, and contract debts to make a display ; with Hope large, run deeply in debt, and spend money before it is earned. SMALL.— Hold money loosely; spend it often without get- ting its value; care little how money goes; with Hope very large, enjoy money to-day without saving for to-morrow ; and 114 SieCEETlVENESS. with large Approbativeness and Ideality added, and only aver- age Causality, are prodigal, and spend money to poor advan- tage ; contract debts without providing for their payment, etc. VERY SMALL.— Neither heed nor know the value of money ; are wasteful ; spend all they can get ; lack industry, and will always be in want. The back part of this organ economises and accumulates property ; the fore part plans and acquires; the former small, and latter large, encompass sea and land to make a dollar, ar d then throw it away,, which is an American characteristic ; ant. get many things, bvit allow them to go to waste. Properly to spend ihoney implies a high order of wisdom. Every dollar should be made an instrument of the highest happiness. TO CULTIVATE.— Try to estimate the value of money intellectually, and save up as a philosophy ; economise time and means ; cultivate industry ; engage in some mercenary business ; determine to get rich, and use the means for so doing, and be what you consider even small in expenditures ; lay by a given sum at stated times, without thinking to use it except in extreme want ; and when enough is laid by, make a first payment on real estate, launch into business, thus compel- ling yourself both to save the driblets, and earn what you can in order to save yourself, and do by intellect what you are not disposed to do by intuition. TO EESTKAIN.-Think less of dollars ; study means for enjoying your property ; often quit business for recreation ; attend more relatively to other life ends, less to mere money- getting ; that is, cultivate the other faculties, and be more generous. 1 0 .-SECEETIVENESS. Sell-government ; ability to restrain feelings ; Policy ; Cun- ning; adapted to man's requisition for controlling his animal nature. Perverted, it causes duplicity, double-dealing, lying, deception, and all kinds of false pretensions. VEKY LARGE.— Are non-committal and cunning in the extreme, and with only average Conscientiousness, deceptive, tricky, foxy, double-dealing, and unworthy to be trusted ; with large Acquisitiveness added, will both cheat and lie ; SECEETn'ENESS. 115 with large Cautiousness, aro unfatliomablo even by acknowl- edged friends ; with very large moral organs, and only aver- age or lull propensities, are not dangerous, and have a good moral basis, yet instinctively employ many stratagems calcu- lated to cover up the real motives ; and should cultivate open- ness and sincerity. LAIIGE.--Incline to throw a veil over countenance, expres- sion, and conduct; appear to aim at one thing, while accom- plishing another ; love to surprise others ; are enigmatical, mysterious, guai'ded, politic, shrewd, managing, employ con- cealment, and ai-o hard to be found out ; with Cautiousness large, take extra pains to escape detection ; with Conscientious^ Fig. 43.— Lakge. Fig. 44.— Small. ness also large, will not tell a lie, yet will not always tell the truth ; evade the direct question, and are equivocal, and though honest in purpose, yet resort to many little cunning devices ; with large intellectual organs and Cautiousness, express ideas so guardedly as to lack distinctness and direct- ness, and hence to be often jnisunderstood ; with large Appro- bativeness, take many ways to secure notoriety, and hoist some false <;olors ; with large Acquisitiveness, employ too much cunning in pecuniary transactions, and unless checked by still larger Conscientiousness, are not always strictly truthful or honest ; with large social organs, form few friendships, and 116 those Only after years of acguaintanoe, nor ef ince half tie attacliment felt ; are distant in society, and communicate even with friends only by piecemeal ; divulge very few plans or business matter to acquaintances, or even to friends ; lack communicativeness, and have little or no fresh-hearted expres- sion of feeling, but leave an impression of uncertainty as to character and intention. FULL.— Evince much self-government; yet, if the tempera- ment is active, when the feelings do break forth, manifest 'them with unusual intensity ; with large Acquisitiveness and Cautiousness, communicate but little respecting pecimiary affairs ; with large Approbativeness, take the popular side of subjects, and sail only with the current of public opinion ; with Conscientiousness large, are upright in motive, and tell the truth, but not always the whole truth ; and though never hoist false colors, yet do not always show true ones. AVEEAGE.— Maintain a good share of self-government, except when under excitement, and then let the whole mind out, fully ; with large Combativeness and an active tempera- ment, though generally able to control resentment, yet, when once provoked, show the full extent of their anger ; with large Cautiousness, see that there is no danger before allowing the feelings to burst forth ; but with an excitable temperament, and especially a deranged stomach, show a general want of policy and self-government, because the feelings are too strong to be kept in check ; but if this faculty is manifested in connec- tion with stronger faculties, it evinces considerable power, yet is wanting when iJaced in opposition to them. MODEEATE.— Express feelings with considerable fullness ; pursue an open, direct course ; are sincere and true ; employ but little policy, and generally give full vent to thoughts and feelings ; with Cautiousness large, evince prudence in deeds, but imprudence in words ; express opinions unguardedly, yet are safe and circumspect in conduct ; with large Acquisitive- ness and Conscientiousness, prefer the one-x^rice sA'stem in dealing, and can not bear to banter ; with large Adhesiveness, are sincere and open-hearted in friendship, and communicate with perfect freedom ; with large Conscientiousness and Com- bativeness added, are truthful, and speak the whole mind too bluntly ; with fine feelings, and a good moral organization, SELFISH riENTIMENTS. 117 manifest the higher, finer feelings, -without restraint or re- serve, so as to be the more attractive ; ai'e full of goodness without any intervening veil ; manifest in looks and actions what is passing -within ; exx)ress all mental operations with fullness, freedom, and force ; choose direct and unecLuivocal modes of expression ; disclose faults as freely as virtues, and leave none at a loss as to the real character ; but -with the harsher elements predominant, appear more hating and hate- ful than they really are, because all is blo-svn right out. SJIALL.— Are perfectly transparent; seem to be just -what, and all they really are ; disdain concealment in all forms ; are not hypocritical, but positive and unequivocal in all said and done ; carry the soul in the hands and face, and make -way directly to the feelings of others, because expressing them so unequivocally ; with large Cautiousness, are guarded in action, but unguarded in expression ; free the mind re- gardless of consequences, yet show much prudence in other respects ; mth. Conscientiousness large, love the truth -ivher- ever it exists, and open the mind freely to evidence and con- viction ; are open and above-board in everything, and allow all the mental operations to come right out, unveiled and unrestrained, so that their full force is seen and felt. VEKY SMALL.— Conceal nothing, but disclose everything. TO CULTIVATE.-Supply by intellect that guardedness and policy lacked by instinct, for you are too spontaneous ; try to "lie lo-iv, and keep dark," and suppress your natural outgushings of feeling and intellect, cultivate self-control, by subjecting all you say and do to judgment, instead of al- lowing momentary impulses to rule conduct ; do not tell all you know, or intend to do, and occasionally pursue a round- about course ; be guarded, politic, and -wary in everything ; do not make acquaintances or confide in x^cople as much as is natural, but treat everybody as if they needed -watching. TO RESTRAIN.— Cultivate a direct, straightforward, above- board, and open way, and pursue a course just the op- posite from the one suggested for its cultivation. IV.-SELFISII SENTIMENTS, consisting of Cautiousness, i\i)probativeness, Self-Esteem, Firmness. These give prudence, ambition, dignity, aud stability. 118 CAUTIOUSNESS. 1 1 .-CAUTIOUSNESS. Carefulness ; watchfulness ; prudence ; provision against want and danger ; solicitude ; anxiety ; apprehension ; se- curity ; protection ; avoiding prospective evils, the sentinel. Adapted to ward-off surrounding dangers, and make those provisions necessary for future happiness. Perversion— irres- olution ; timidity ; procrastination ; indecision ; fright ; panic. VERY LAIiGE.— Are over-anxious; always on the look- out ; worried about trifles ; afraid of shadows ; forever getting ready, because so many provisions to make ; are careful in business ; often revise decisions, because afraid to trust the issue ; live in perpetual fear of evils and accidents ; take Fig. 45.-LAROE. Fig. 46.--SMALI,. extra pains with everything ; lack promptness and decision, and refuse to run risks; put oiff till to-morrow what ought to be done to-dayj with excitability 7, live in a constant panic; procrastinate; are easily frightened; see mountains of evil where there are only mole-hills; are often unnerved by fright, and overcome by _false alarms; with only average or full Combativeness, Self-Esteeni, and Hope, and large Ap- probativeness, accomplish literally nothing, but should al- ways act under others ; with large Acquisitiveness, prefer smafll but sure gains to large but more risky ones, and safe investments to active business. CAUTIOUSNKSS. 119 LARGE.— Are always on the look-out ; take ample time to get ready ; provide against prospective dangers ; make everything safe ; guard against losses and evils ; incur no risks ; sure bind that they may sure find ; with large Com- bativeness, Hope, and an active temperament, drive, Jehu- like, whatever is undertaken, yet drive cautiously ; lay on the lash, yet hold a tight rein, so as not to upset plans ; with large Approbativeness, are doubly cautious as to character • with large Approbativeness arid small Acquisitiveness, are extra careful of character, but not of money ; with largo Acquisiti\encss and small Approbativeness, take special care of all money matters, but not of reputation ; with large Ad- hesiveness and Benevolence, experience the greatest solici- tude for the welfare of friends ; with large Conscientiousness, are cai'eful to do nothing wrong; with large Causality, lay safe plans, and are judicious; with large Combativeness and Hope, combine judgment with energy and enterprise, and often seem reckless, yet are prudent ; with large intellect- ual organs and Firmness, are cautious in coming to conclu- sions, and canvass well all sides of all questions, yet, once settled, are unmoved ; with small Self-Esteem, rely too much on the judgment of others, and too little on self ; with large Parental Love and disordered nerves, experience unnecessary solicitude for children, and take extra care of them, often killing them with kindness, etc. FULL.— Show a good share of pru.dence and carefulness, except when the other faculties are powerfully excited ; with large Combativeness and very large Hope, have too little prudence for energy ; are tolerably safe, except when under considerable excitement ; Svith large Acquisitiveness, are very careful whenever money or property are concerned ; yet, with only average Causality, evince but little general prudence, and lay plans for the present rather than f utme, etc. AVERAGE.- Have a good share of prudence, whenever this faculty works in connection with the larger organs, yet evince but little in the direction of the smaller ; with large Combativeness and Hope, and an excitable temperament, are practically imprudent, yet somewhat less so than appearances indicate; with large Causality, and only average Hope and Combativeness, and a temperament more strong than excit- able, evince good general judgment, and meet with but few 120 CAUTIOUSNESS. accidents ; but with an excitable temperament, large Com- bativeness and Hojie, and only average or full Causality, are always in bot water, fail to matui-e plans, begin before ready, and are lucldess and unfortunate in everything, etc. MODERATE. —With excitability great, act upon the spur of the moment, without due deliberation ; meet with many accidents caused by imiirudence ; v,ith large Combativeness, are often at variance with neighbors ; witli large Approbative- ness, seek praise, yet often incur criticism ; with average Causality and large Hope, are always doing imprudent things, and require a guardian ; with small Acquisitiveness, kee]) money loosely, and are easily over-persuaded to buy more than can be paid for ; with large Parental Love, play with. children, yet often hurt them ; with large Language and small Secretiveness, say many very imprudent things, etc. ; and with large Combativeness, have many enemies, etc. SMALL.— Are rash, reckless, luckless; and with large Hope, always in trouble ; with large Combativeness, plunge headlong into difficulties in full sight, and should assiduously cultivate this faculty. VERY SMALL.— Have so little of this faculty, that its influence on conduct is rarely ever perceived. TO CULTIVATE.— Count the advantages against, but not for; look out for breakers; think how much indiscretion and carelessness have injured you, and be careful and watchful in everything. Imprudence is your fault— be judicious ; and remember that danger is always much greater than you an- ticipate—so keep aloof from every appearance of it. TO RESTRAIN.-Olfset its workings by intellect ; remem- ber that you perpetually magnify dangers ; lot intellect tell Cautiousness to keep qiuet ; offset it by cultivating a bold, combative, daring spirit ; encourage a don't-care feeling, and a.' l6t4hings-take-thQir-coui'se— why-should-I-w'orry- about-tliem ; do not indulge in so much anxiety when children or friends do not return as expected ; never allow a frightened, panic-stricken state of mind, but face apprehended evils, instead of quailing before them ; and remember that you magnify every appearance of evil. APPEOBATIVENESS. 121 12.-APPR0BATIVENESS. liogiird for character, appearances, etc.; love of praise; desire to excel and be esteemed; ambition; affability; polite- ness ; desire to display and show off ; sense of honor ; desire for a good name, for notoriety, fame, eminence, distinction, and to be thought well of ; pjide of character ; sensitiveness to the speeches of people ; and love of popularity. Adapted to the reputable and disgraceful. Perversion-vanity ; affec- tation ; oeremoniousness : aristocracy; pomposity; eagerness for popularity, outside display, etc. Fig. 47.— Approtiativeness largo Fig. 48.— SeJf-Esteem 1m ige nnrt and Self-15steem moderate. Approliativeness moderate. VERY LARGE.— Set everything by ihe gocd opinion of others ; are ostentatious, if not vain and ambitious ; love praise, and are mortified by censure inordinately ; with mod- erate Self-Esteem and Firmness, can not brea.st public opin- ion, but are over-fond of popularity ; with only average Con- scientiousness, seek popularity without regard to merit ; but with large Conscientiousness, seek praise mainly for virtuous doings; with large Ideality, and only average Causality, seek praise for fashionable di'cs.s a,nd outside appearances rather 122 APPBOBATIVENBeS. than internal merit ; are hoth vain and fashionable as well as aristocratic ; starve the Ititchen to stuff the parlor ; with largo Acquisitivenoss, boast of riclies ; mth large Adhesive- nef s, of friends ; with large Language, are extra forward in conversation, and engross much of the time, etc. This is the main organ of aristocracy, exclusiveness, fashionableness, so-called pride, and nonsensical outside show. LARGE.— Love commendation, and are cut by censure; are keenly alive to the smiles and frowns of public opinion ; mind what people say ; strive to show off to advantage, and are affable, courteous, and desirous of pleasing ; love to be in company ; stand on etiq,uette and ceremony ; aspire to do and become something great ; set much by appearances, and are mortified by reproach ; with large Cautiousness and moderate Self-Esteem, are careful to take the popular side, and fear to face ridicule of others ; yet, with Conscientiousness and Com- bativeness large, stick to the right, though unpopular, Icnowing that it will ultimately confer honor; with large Benevolence, seek praise for works of philanthropy and mercy ; with large intellectual organs, love literary and intellectual distinctions ; with large Adhesiveness, desire the good opinion of friends, yet care little for that of others ; with large Self-Esteem, Com- bativeness large, stick to the right, though unpopular, knowing, seek public life, want all the praise, and hate rivals ; with large perceptives, take a for-ward part in literary and debating soci- eties ; with large Conibativeness, Hope, and activity, will not be outdone, but rather work till completely exhausted, and are liable to over-do, in order to eclipse rivals. FULL.— Value the estimation of others, yet will not go far after it ; seek praise in the direction of the larger organs, yet care little for it in that of the smaller ; are not aristocratic, yet like to make a fair show in the world ; with large Adhesive- ness, love the praise and can not endure the censure of friends; with large Conscientiousness, set much by moral character, and wish to be praised for correct motives ; yet, •s\ith moderate Acauisitiveness, care little for the name of being rich ; \^ith largo Benevolence and intellectual organs desire to be esteemed for evincing talent in doing good. AVERAGE.— Show only a respectable share of this faculty, except when it is powerfully wrought upon by praise or re- APPROBATIVKNESS. 123 proacli ; are mortified by censure, yet not extremely so, and call the other faculties to justify; are not particularly ambi- tious, yet by no means deficient ; and not insensible to com- pliments, yet can not well be inflated by praise. BIODEBATE.— Feel some, but no great, regard for popu- larity ; and evince this faculty only in connection with the larger organs ; with large Self- Esteem and firmness, are inflex- ible and austere ; and with la) ge Combativeness and small Agreeableness, lack civility and complaisance to others ; dis- dain to flatter and can not be flattered, and should cultivate a pleasing mode of address. SMALL.— Care little for the opinions of others, even of friends ; are comparatively insensible to praise ; disregard style and fashion ; despise etiquette and formal usages ; never asii what will persons thinlj, and put on no outside appearances for their own sake ; with large Self -Esteem, firmness, and Com- bativenesy, are dest'tute of politeness, devoid of ceremony, and not at all flexible or incasing in manners ; with large Combativeness and Conscientiousness, go for the right, regard- less of popularity, and are always making enemies ; say and do things in so graceless a manner as often to displease ; with large Acquisitiveness and Sell-Esteem, though wealthy, make no boast of it, and are as commonj^lace in conduct as if poor, etc. VERY SMALL.— Cai'e almost nothing for reputation, praise, or censure. TO CULTIVATE.-Kemember that you often stand in your own light by caring little for the speeches of people, for appearance and character ; and cherish a higher regard for public opinion, for your character and standing among men, for a good name, and do nothing in the least to tarnish your reputation, but cultivate a winning, politic, pleasant manner toward all, as if you would ingratiate yourself into their good- viill. TO EESTRAIN.-Eemember that you are infinitely too sensitive to reproof; that your feelings are often hurt when there is no occasion ; that you often feel neglected or reproved without cause; that evil-speaking breaks no bones, and will ultimately thwart itself ; lay aside that affected, artificial, nippy style of manner and speaking ; be more natural ; walk, act, 12i SELF-ESTEEM. feel as if alone, not forever looked at ; be less particular about dress, style, appearance, etc., and less mindful of praise and blame ; subject Approbativeness to conscience— that is, do what is rigiit, and let people say what they like ; be more inde- pendent, and less ambitious and sensitive to pi-aise and flattery. 13. -SELF -ESTEEM. Self-appreciation and valuation ; self-respect, self-reliance ; magnanimity ; nobleness ; independence ; dignity ; self-satis- faction and complacency ; love of liberty and power ; an aspir- Pig. 49.— Large. Fig. 50.— Small. ing, self-elevating, luling instinct; pride of character; manli- ness ; lofty-mindedness, and desire for elevation. Adapted to the superiority, greatness, and exalted dignity of human natui'e. Perversion— egotism ; hauteur ; forwardness ; tyranny ; superciliousness ; imperiousness. VERY LARGE.— Have the highest respect for self; place special stress on the personal pronouns ; carry a high head, and walk so straight as to lean backward ; have a restless, boundless ambition to bo and do some great thing ; with only full intellect^ have more ambition than talents, and are proud, pompous, supercilious, and imperious, and with Hope large, SELP-ESTEEM. 125 luusti operate on a great scale or none, and launch out too deeply ; with Approbativeness large, are most aristocratic ; and with only fair intellect, are a swell-head and great brag, and put self above everybody else ; with only average Appro- bativeness and Agreeableness, take no pains to smooth off the rough points of character, but are in every way repulsive ; with average Parental Love, are very domineering in the family, and insist upon being waited upon, obeyed, etc. ; and should carry the head a little lower, and cultivate humility. LAEGE.— Put a high estimate upon self— sayings, doings, capabilities ; fall back upon their own unaided resources ; will not take advice, but insist upon being his own master; are high-minded ; will never stoop, or demean self; aim high ; are not satisfied with moderate success, or a petty business, and comport and express with dignity, and perhaps witli majesty ; are perfectly self-satisfied; with large Parental Love, pride self in children, yet with Combativeness large, require implicit obedience, and are liable to be stern ; with large Adhesiveness, seek society, yet must lead"; with large Acquisitiveness added, seek partnership, but must be the head of the firm ; with large Firmness and Combativeness, can not be driven, but insist upon doing their own personal will and pleasure, and are sometimes contrary and headstrong ; with large Plope, think that anything they do can not possibly fail, because done so well ; with large moral organs, impart a tone, dignity, aspira- tion, and elevation of character which command universal respect ; and with large intellectual faculties added, are desir- ous of, and well calculated for public life ; are a natural leader, but seek moral distinction,and lead the public mind ; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, riminess, and Approbative- ness, love to be captain or general, and speak with that stern- ness and authority which enforces obedience ; with large ac- quisitiveness, aspire to be rich— the richest man in town— partly on account of the power wealth confers ; with large Language, Individuality, Firmness, and Combativeness, seek to be a political leader ; with large Constructiveness, perceptives. Causality, and Combativeness^ are well calculated to have the direction of men, and oversee large mechanical establish- ments ; with only average brain and intellect, and large selfish faculties, are proud, haughty, domineering, egotistical, over- bearing, greedy of power and dominion, etc. 126 SELF-ESTEEM. FULL.— Eviiico a good degree of dignity and self-respeob ; yet are not proud or haiiglity ; witli large tJombativeness and v^irmness, and Hope; rely fully upon their own energies in cases of emergency, yet are willing to hear advice, though seldom take it ; conduct becomingly, and secure respect ; and with large Combativeness and Firmness, and full Destructive- ness and Hope, evince much power of this faculty, but little when these faculties are moderate. AVERAGE.— Show this faculty mainly in combination with those that are larger ; with large Approbativeness and Firm- ness, and a large brain and moral organs, rarely trifle or evince .meanness, yet are rarely conceited, and think neither too little nor too much of self, but place a just estimate upon their own capabilities ; with lai-ge Adhesiveness both receive and impart character to friends, yet receive most ; with large Conscien- tiousness, pride self more on moral worth than plrysical qual- ities, wealth, titles, etc. ; and with large intellectual and moral organs, mainly for intellectual and moral excellence. MODERATE.— Rather underrate personal capabilities and worth ; feel rather inferior, unworthy, and humble ; lack dig- nity and manliness, and are apt to say and do trifling things, and let self down ; with large intellectual and moral organs, lead off well when once placed in a responsible position, yet at first distrust their own capabilities ; with large Conscientious- ness, Combativeness, and acti^'ity, often appear self-sufficient and positive because certain of being right, yet it is founded more on reason than egotism ; with large Approbativeness, love to show off, yet are not satisfied with self ; go abroad after praises, rather than feel internally conscious of personal mer- its ; are apt to boast, because more desirous of the estimation of others than conscious of personal worth ; with large moral and intellectual powers, have exalted thoughts and aspirations, and communicate well, yet often detract from them by com- monplace phrases and undignified expressions ; will be too familiar to be respected in proportion to merit, and should vigorously cultivate this faculty by banishing mean, and cul- tivating high, thoughts of self. SMALL.— Feel diminutive ; lack elevation and dignity of tone and manner ; place too low estimate on self, and, with Approbativeness large, are too anxious to appear well in the ^'IEM^*ESS. 12? eyes of others ; with large Comhativeness and Destructiveness, show some self-reliance when provoked or placed in responsi- ble positions, yet lack that dignity and tone which commands universal respect, and give cahability to lead off in society ; lack self-confidence and weight of character ; shrink from responsible and great undertakings, from a feeling of vm- worthiness ; underrate self, and are therefore undervalued by others, and feel insignificant, as if in the way, or trespassing upon others, and hence often apologize, and should culti- vate this faculty. VERY SMALL.— Feel little, and manifest none of this faculty. TO CULTIVATE.-Say of yovu-self what Black Hawk said to Jackson : " I am a man." Be endowed with the ennobling elements of humanity ; try to realize how exalted those human endowments have been conferred on you, and hence duly to estimate yoiuself, physically, intellectually, morally ; recount your good traits, and cultivate self-valuation in view of them : pride yourself on what you are, but never indulge self-abase- ment because not dressed, because not as rich or stylish as others ; be less humble toward men, but hold up your head among them, as if good enough for any ; assume the attitude of self-esteem— study its phrenological definition, and culti- vate the self-esteem feeling. TO RESTRAIN.— Bear in mind that you probaby esteem yourself much better than you really are; that you overrate all your powers, and are too forward and self-confident ; that more modesty would improve you ; that you incline too much to be arbitrary and domineering; that you are more faulty than you suppose, and need humility. 14. -FIRMNESS. Stability ; decision ; perseverance ; fixedness of purpose ; tenacity of will, and aversion to change. Adapted to man's requisition for holding out to the end. Perversion— obstinacy ; wilfulness; mulishness; stubbornness; im willingness to change even when reason re(iuires. VERY LARGE.— Are well-nigh obstinate, stubborn ; and with large Combativeness and Self-Esteem, as unchangeable as the laws of the Modes and Persians, and can neither be 128 IFIEMN'ESS. persuaded nor driven ; Avitli large activity, power, Ibrain, and intellectual organs, are ivell calculated to carry forward some great work Avliich requires tlie utmost determination and energy' ; with large Causality, can possibly be turned by potent reasons, yet by nothing else. LARGE.— Are set and wilful ; stick to and carry out what is commenced ; hold on long and hard ; continue to the end, and may bo fully relied upon : with full Self-Esteem and large Combali veness, can not be driven, but- the more forced the more resistant ; with largo Combativeness and Do- structiveness, add perseverance to stability, and not only hold on, but drive forward determinedly through difficulties ; with large Hope, undertake much, and carry all out ; with large Cautiousness and Causality, are careful and judicious in laying plans and forming opinions, yet rarely change ; may seem to waver until the mind is fully made up, but are, afterwards, the more unchanging; with Hope very large, and Cautiousness and Causality only average, decide quickly, even rashly, and refuse to change ; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, are easily ])orsuaded, epecially by friends, yet can not be driven ; and with large Cautiousness, Combat- iveness, Causality, perceptives, activity and power, will gener- ally succeed, because wise in planning and persevering in exe- cution ; with Combativeness and Self-Estcem large, and Cau^al- Fig, 51.— Large. Fig. 52.— Small. fiuMness. 12!) ifcy only average, will not see the force of opposing arguments, but tenaciously adhere to affirmed opinions and purposes ; with large Conscientiousness and Combativeness, are doubly decided wherever right or justice is concerned, and in such cases will never give one inch, but will stand out in argu- ment, effort, or as a juryman till the last. FULL.— With Firmness large, show a great degree of de- cision when this faculty works with large organs, but not otherwise ; with Combativeness and Conscientiousness large, show great fixedness where right and truth are concerned, yet with Acquisitiveness moderate, lack perseverance in money matters ; with moderate Combativeness and Self- Esteem, are easily turned; and with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, too easily persuaded even against their better judgment; with Cautiousness and Approbativeness large, or very large, often evince fickleness, irresolution, and procras- tination ; and with an imeven head, and an excitable tem- perament, often appear deficient in this faculty. AVERAGE.— When supported by large Combativeness or Conscientiousness, or Causality, or Acquisitiveness, etc., show a good degree of this faculty ; but when opposed by large Cautiousness, Approbativeness, or Adhesiveness, evince its deficiency, and have not enough for great undertakings. MODERATE.— Kather lack perseverance, even when the stronger faculties support it; but, when they do not, evince fickleness, irresolution, indecision, and lack perseverance ; with Adhesiveness large, are too easilj^ persuaded and influ- enced by friends ; with large Cautiousness and Approbative- ness, and moderate or small Self-Esteem, are flexible and fickle, and go with the current. SMALL.— With activity great, and the head uneven, are fi-tful, impulsive, and, like the weather-vane, shift with every changing breeze, and are ruled by the other faculties, and as unstable as water. VERY SMALL.— Are changed by the slightest motives, and a perfect creature of circumstances, and accomplishes nothing requiring perseverance. TO CULTIVATE.— Have more a mind of your own ; make up your mind wisely, and then stand to your pvu?pose ; be sure you are right, then hold on ; surmount difficulties, instead of 130 MORAL AND EEUGIOTJS SENTIMENTS. turning aside to avoid them ; resist the persuasions of others ( begin nothing not worthy of finishing, and finish all you he- gin. TO EESTEAIN.— Remember that you are too obstinate and persistent— often to your own loss ; at least listen to the advice of others, and duly consider it, and govern Firmness by Intellect and Conscience, not allowing it to govern them. V.-MOKAL AND KELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS, consisting of Conscientiousness, Hope, Spirituality, Venera- tion, Benevolence. These render man a moral, accountable being— humanize, adorn, and elevate his nature ; connect him with the moral nature of things ; create his higher and nobler faculties ; beget aspirations after goodness, virtue, purity and moral principle, and ally him to angels and to God. TO CULTIVATE.-Yield implicit obedience to the higher, better sentiments of your nature ; cultivate a respect for religion ; lead a moral, spotless life ; cultivate all the human virtues ; especially study and contemplate nature, and yield yourself to those elevating influences enkindled thereby ; cul- tivate adoration and love of the Deity in His works ; study natural religion, and make your life as pure, right, true, and good a^ possible. TO EESTRAIN.— To avoid becoming morbid in the action of the moral sentiments, and to obviate it when it exists, sub- ject Benevolence or generosity, justice or conscientious scru- liles, Veneration or devotion, Spirituality or faith, to the guidance of intellect ; and be more selfish, or at least less seli- sacriflcing— think more of material things. 1 5 .-CONSCIEN TIOUSNESS . Moral principle ; integrity ; perception and love of right ; innate sense of accountability and obligation : love of jus- tice and truth ; regard for duty ; desire for moral purity and excellence ; disposition to fulfill promises : agreements, etc. ; that internal monitor which approves the right and con- demns the -wrong ; sense of guilt ; penitence ; contrition ; CONSC 1 EOTIOUSN ESfe. 131 (Icisiio to reform. Adapted to the Tightness of right, and the wrongncss of wrong, and to the moral nature and con- stitution of things. Perverted, it makes one do wrong from c-oiiscJentious scruples, and torments with undue self-con- demnation. VKH Y LARGE.— Place moral excellence at the head of all excellence; make duty everything; are governed by the highest order of moral principle ; would on no account know- ingly do wrong ; are scrupulously exact in all matters of right; perfectly honest in motive; always condemning self and repenting, and very forgiving to those who evince poni- tence, but inexorable without; with Combativeness large, evince the utmost indignation at the wrong, and drive the right with groat force, are censorious, make but little allow- ance for the faults and follies of mankind, and show extra- ordinary moral courage and fortitude; with small Secretive- noss and an active temperament, are liable to denounce evil- doers; with large Friendship, can not tolerate the least thing wrong in friends, and are liable to reprove them; with large Parental Love, exact too much from children, and with large Combativeness, are too liable to blame them ; with large Cautiousness, are often afraid to do, for fear of doing wrong; vrith large Veneration, reasoning faculties, and Language, Fig. .5l).-LAuf!i:. Fig. 54.— SMAtL. 132 CONSCIENTI OU SNESS. are natural theologians, and take the highest pleasure in reasoning and conversing upon all things having a moral and religious bearing; with Veneration average, and Benev- olence large or very large, can not well help being thorough- going reformers, ect. LARGE.— Love the right as right, and hate the -wrong because wrong ; are honest, faithful, upright in jnotive ; mean well ; consult duty before expediency : fee] guilty when con- scious of having done wrong ; ask forgiveness for the past, and try to do better in the future; with strong propensities, will sometimes do wrong, but be exceedingly sorry therefor ; and, with a wrong education added, are liable to do wrong, thinliing it right, because these propensities warp conscience, yet mean well ; with large Cautiousness, are solicitous to know what is right, and cai'eful to do it ; with wealcer Cautiousness, sometimes do wrong carelessly or indifferently, yet after- wards repent it; with largo Cautiousness and Destructiveness, are severe on v\Tong-doers, and imrelenting until they evince penitence, and then cordially forgive ; vsith large Approba- tiveness, keep the moral character pure and spotless— value others on their morals more than wealth, birth, etc., and make their word their bond ; with large Benevolence, Conibativeness, and Destructiveness, feel great indignation and severity against oppressors, and those who cause others to suffer by wronging them; with large Ideality, have strong aspirations after moral purity and excellence ; Avith large reasoning organs, take great pleasure, and show much talent in reason- ing upon and investigating moral subjects, etc. FULL.— Have good conscientious feelings, and correct gen- eral intentions, yet are not quite as correct in action as inten- tions ; mean well, yet with large Combativeness, Destructive- ness. Amativeness, etc., may sometimes yield to these facul- ties, especially if the system is somewhat inflamed ; with large Acquisitiveness, make very close bargains, and will take such advantages as are common in business, yet do not intend to wrong others out of their just dues, still have more regard for money than justice ; with large intellectual organs, love to reason upon subjects where right and duty are involved, yet too often talce the ground of expediency, and fail to allow right its due weight; and should never allow conscience to be in any way weakened, but cultivate it assiduously. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 133 AVERAGE.— When not tempted by stronger faculties, do about right ; generally justify self, and do not feel par- ticularly indignant at the wrong ; or commendatory of the right ; with large ApproljatiTeness and Self-Esteem, may do the honorable thing, yet where honor and right clash, will choose the former ; with only average Combativeness and Destructiveness, allow many wrong things to pass un rebuked, or even unresentod, and show no great moral indignation or force; with moderate or small Secretiveness and Acquisitive- ness, and largo Approbativencss, Benevolence, and Ideality, will do as nearly right, and commit as few errors as those with Secretiveness, x\cq.uisitiveness, and Conscientiousness all large, and jnay be trusted; especially on honor, yet will rarely feel guilty, and should never be blamed, because Approbativencss will be mortiiied before conscience is con- victed ; with large pi-opensities, especially Secretiveness and Acfiuisitiveness, and only full Benevolence, are selfish ; should be dealt with cautiously, and thoroughly bovmd in writing, because liable to be slippery, tricky, etc. ; and should cultivate this faculty by never allowing the propensities to overcome it, and by alwaytj considering things in the moral aspect. jMODEEATE.— Have some regard for duty in feeling, but less in practice ; justify self ; are not very penitent or for- giving ; even temporize with principle, and sometimes let interest ride duty. SMALL.— Have few conscientious scruples, and little peni- tence, gratitude, or regard for moral principle, justice, duty, etc., and are governed mainly by the larger faculties : with large propensities, and only average Veneration and Spiritu- ality, evince a niaiked deficiency of moral principle ; with moderate Secretiveness and Acctuisitiveness, and only fidl Destructiveness and Combativeness, and Large Adhesiveness, Approbativeness, Benevolence, Ideality, and Intellect, and a fino temperament, may live a tolerably blameless life, yet, on close scrutiny, will lack the moral feeling, but may be safely trusted, because true to promises ; that is, conscience having less to contend with, its deficiency is less observable. Such should most earnestly cultivate this faculty. VERY SMALL.— Are almost wholly destitute of moral feelirg, and wholly controlled by the other faculties. 134 HOPE. TO CULTIVATE.-Always ask yourself what is right and wroiis, and adhere cIoscTy to the former, and studiously avoid the latter ; make everything a matter of principle ; do just as nearly right as you know how in everything, and never allow conscience to he horne do-swi by any of the other faculties, but keep it supreme; maintain the right everywhere and for everybody; cultivate a high sense of duty and obligation, and try to reform very error— in short, " let justice be done, though the heavens fall." TO EESTEAIN.— Remember that you are too exact and exacting in everything ; that you often think you see faults when there are none ; that you carry duty and right tO' a' boundless extreme, and so far as to make it wong ; that you are too condemnatory', and need to cultivate a lenient, for- bearing, forgiving spirit ; that you trouble yourself unduly about the wrong-doing of others ; that you often accuse people of meaning worse than they really intend— look at minor faults as mountains of wrong ; are too censorious ; too apt ' to throw away the gold on account of dross ; to discard the greater good on account of lesser attendant evils ; too liable to a feeling of guilt and unworthiness, as if unfit to live, and too conscience-stricken. Extreme Conscientiousness, with 6 or 7 organic quality, and large Combativeness, along with disordered nerves or dyspepsia, makes one of the most un- pleasant of characters— querulous, everlastingly grumbling about nothing, magnifying everybody's faults, thus making mischief among neighbors ; perpetually accusing everybody, • and chiding children for mere trifles ; too rapid in matters of reform, and violent in denouncing its opponents— of whom rabid radicals, pmiotilious religionists, and old maids furnish examples. 16. -HOPE. Expectation : anticipation of future success and happiness. Adar)ted to man's relations with the future. Perverted, it becomes visionary and castle-building. VERY LARGE.— Have unbounded expectations ; build a world of castles in the air; live in the future; enjoy things in anticipation more than possession ; with small Continuity, have too many irons in the fire ; with an active temperament added, take on more business than can be worked-off properly ; HOPE. 135 are too much hurried to do things in season ; .with large Acquisitiveness, are grasping, counting chickens before they are hatched, and often two to the egg at that ; with only aver- age Cautiousness are always in hot water ; never stop to enjoy what is possessed, but grasp after more, and will never ac- complish much, because undertake too much, and in taking one step forward, often .slip two steps back. LAEGE.— Expect much from the future ; contemplate with pleasure the bright featm-es of life's picture; never despond; overrate x'l'ospective good, and underrate and overlook ob- stacles and evils : calculate nn more than the nature of the case will warrant ; expect, and hence attempt, a great deal, and are therefore always full of business ; are sanguine, and rise above present trouble by hoping for better things in future, and though disappointed, hope on still ; build some air-oastles, and live in the future more than present ; with large Combativenoss, Firmness, and Causality, are enterpris- ing, never give ii}) the ship, but struggle manfully througli difficulties; and with large Approbativeness, and full Self- Esteem added, feel adequate to difficulties, and grapple with them spiritedly; vvith large Self-Esteein, think that every- thing attempted must succeed, and with large Causality added, consider their plans well-nigh perfect ; wdth large Acquisitive- ness, lay out money freely in view of future gain ; with large Fig. 55.— Lakge. Fig. 56.— Small. 136 HOPE. AppTobativeness and Self-Esteem, hope for renown, honor, etc. ; with largo Veneration and Spirituality, hope to attain exalted moral excellence, and should check it by acting on only half it promises, and reasoning against it. FULL.— Expect considerable, yet realize more; undertake no more than can be accomplished ; are quite sanguine and enterprising, yet with Cautiousness large are always on the safe side ; with laige Acciuisitiveness added, invest money freely, j^et always safely ; make good bargains, if any, and count all the cost, yet are not afraid of expenses where they -^vill more than pay ; with larger animal organs than moral, will hope more for this world's goods than for another, and with larger moral than animal, for another state of being than this, etc. AVERAGE.— Expect and attempt too little, rather than too much ; with large Cautiousness, d^vcll more on difficulties than encouragements ; are contented with the present rather than lay out for the future ; with large AccLuisitiveness added, in- vest money very safely, if at all, and prefer to put it out se- curely on interest rather than risls: it in business, except in a perfectly sure business ; will make money slowly, yet lose lit- tle ; and with large intellectual organs, in the long rvm may ac- quire considerable wealth. MODERATE.— With large Cautiousness, make few promi-ses ; but with large Conscientiousness, scrupulously fulfill them, be- cause promise only what can be performed ; with small Self- Esteem, and large Veneration, Conscientiousness, and Cau- tiousness, if a professed Christian, will have many fears as to bis future salvation ; with only average propensities, will lack energy, enterpi-ise, and fortitude ; with large Firmness, and Cautiousness, are very slow to embark, yet once committed, rarely give up ; with largo reasoning faculties, may be sure of success because see why and how it is to be brought about ; with lai'ge Acciuisitiveness, will hold on to whatever money is once acquired, or at least spend very cautiously, and only where sure to be returned with interest ; should cheer up, never despond, count favorable, but not unfavorable chances, keep up a lively, buoyant state of mind, and "hope on, hope ever." SMALL.— Ex])ect and undertake very little ; with large Cau- tiousness, put off till it is too late ; are always behind ; may embark in pi'ojects after everbody else has succeeded, but will then be too late, and in general knock at the door just after it SPIRITUALITY. 13T has been bolted ; witL large Cautiousness, are forever in doubt ; with, large Approbati veness and Cautioufness, though most de- sirous of praise, liave little hope of obtaining it, and therefore exceedingly backward in society, yet fear ridicule rather than hope for praise ; are easily discouraged ; see lions in the way ; lack enterprise ; magnify obstacles, etc. VERY SMALL.— Expect next to nothing, and undertake less. TO CULTIVATE.— Look altogether on the bright side, the dark none ; calculate all the chances for, none against you ; mingle in young and lively society ; banish care, and cultivate juvenility : cheer up ; ventm-e more in business ; cidtivate trust in the future, and "look aloft!" TO RESTRAIN.— Offset excessive ex-pectation by intellect ; say to yourself, " My hope so far exceeds realities that I shall^ not get half I expect," and calculate accordingly ; do business on the cash principle, in buying and selling, otherwise you are in danger of being swamped— cf luiying more than you can pay for, and indorsing too much; build no castles in the air; in- dulge no revelings of hope ; shoulder only half the load you feel confident you can carry, and balance yom- visionary anti- cipations by cool judgment. IT. -SPIRITUALITY. Faith; prescience; the "light within;" trust in prophetic guidings ; perception and feeling of the spiritual ; interior per- ception of truth, what is best, what is about to transpire, etc. Adapted to man's prophetic gift and a future life. Perversion —superstition; vk'itchcraf t ; and wi.h Cautiousness large, fear of ghosts. VERY LARGE.— Are led and governed by a species of pro- phetic guidance ; feel by intuition what is right and best ; are forewarned of danger, and led by spiritual monition into the right way; feel internally what is. true and false, right and wrong, best and not best ; imless well regulated, are too cred- ulous, superstitious, and a believer in dreams, ghosts, and v. on- ders., and liable to be misled by them and so-called prophecies, as well as to become fanatical .on religion. LARGE.— Perceive and know things independent of the 138 SPIRITUALITY. senses or intellect, or, as it were, by prophetic intuition ; exper- | ience an internal consciousness of what is. best, and that spir- itual communion which constitutes the essence of piety ; love to meditate; experience a species of waking clairvoyance, as it were " forewarned ;" combined with large Veneration, hold intimate communion with the Deity, who is profoundly adored ; and take a world of pleasure in that calm, happy, half -ecstatic state of mind caused by this faculty ; with large Causality, per- ceive truth by intuition, which philosophical tests prove cor- rect ; with large Comparison added, have a deep and clear in- Hght into spiritual subjects, and embody a vast amount of the Fig. 57.— Lakge. Fig. 58.— Small. highest order of truth; and clearly perceive and fully realize a spiritual state of being after death. FULL.— Have a full share of high, pui'e, and spiritual feel- ing ; many premonitions or interior warnings and guidings, whjoh, implicitly followed, conduct to success and happiness through life; have an inner test or touchstone of truth, right, etc., in a kind of interior consciousness, which is independent of reason, yet, unperverted, in harmony with it ; are quite spir- itual-minded, and, as it were, "led by the Spirit." AVERAGE.— Have some spiritual premonitions and guid- ings, yet they are not always sufficiently distinct to secure be- ing followed ; but, when followed, they lead correctly ; see the VENERATION. 139 light within, and feel wh.it is. true and best with tolerable dis- tinctness, and should cultivate this faculty by following its light. MODEEATE.-Have some but not very distinct perception of spiritual things ; rather lack faith ; believe mainly from evi- dence, and little from intuition ; with large Causality, say " prove it," and take no man's say unless he gives good rea- sons. SMALL.— Perceive spiiitual truths so indistinctly as rarely to admit them : are not guided by faith, because so weak ; like disbelieving Thomas, must see the fullest proof before believ- ing; have very little credulity, and doubt things of superhu- man origin or nature ; have no premonitions, and disbelieve in them. V^ERY SMALL.— Have no spiritual guidings or supersti- tions. TO CULTIVATE.— Muse and meditate on divine things— the Deity, a future existence, the state of man after death, im- mortality, and that class of subjects ; and, especially, follow your innermost impressions or presentiments in everything, as well as open your mind to the intuitive reception of truth. TO EESTEAIN.— Cultivate the terrestrial more and celestial less ; abstain from and restrain spiritual musings and contem- plations, and confine yourself more to the practical, tangible, and real ; keep away from fanatical meetings and confine your- self more to life as it is— to what and where you are, instead of are to be— to earth, its. duties and pleasiu-es. 18.-VENERATI0N. Devotion ; adoration of a Supreme Being ; reverence for re- ligion and things sacred; disposition to pray, worship, and ob- serve religious rites. Adapted to the existence of a God, and the pleasures and benefits experienced by man in worshipping him. Perverted, it produces idolatry, superstitious reverence for authority, bigotry, religious intolerance, etc. VERY LARGE.— Experience the highest degree of Divine love and worship ; place God as supreme upon the throne of the soul, and make his worship a central duty ; manifest extreme 140 VENBEATION. fervor, anxiety, and delight in divine worship, and are pre-em- inently fervent in prayer ; obseqiuous reverence for age, for time-honored forms, ceremonies, and institutions ; with moder- ate Self-Esteem, and large Conscientiousness, and Cautious- ness, and a disordered temperament, experience the utmost un- worthiness and guiltiness in his sight, and are crushed by a sense of guilt and vileness, especially before God, yet should never cherish these feelings ; are always dreading the wrath of Heaven, no matter whether their actions are right or wrong ; and should cultivate religious cheerfulness and hope of future happiness. LAfiGE.— Experience an awe of God and things sacred ; love to adore the Supreme Being, especially in his works ; feel true devotion, fervent piety, and love of divine things ; take great delight in religious exercises ; have much respect for Superiority ; regard God as the center of hopes, fears, and aspirations ; with large Hope and Spirituality, worship Him as a spirit, and hope to be with and like Him ; with large Ideality, contemplate his works with rapture and ecstasy; with large Sublimity, adore Him as infinite in everything ; with large reasoning organs have clear, and, if the faculties are unperverted, correct ideas of the Divine character and government, and delight to reason thereon ; with large Paren- tal Love, adore Him as a friend and father ; and with large Fig. 59.— Large. Fig. 60.— Small. VENERATIOIf. Benevolence, for his infinite goodness, ete. ; with large Caus- ality added, as securing tho happiness of sentient beings hy a wise institution of law, and as the great first cause of all things; with large and perverted Cautiousncis, mingle fear and dread with worship ; with large Constructiveness and Causality, admire the system evinced in his architectural plans, contrivances, etc. FULL.— Experience a good degree of religious worship whenever circumstances excite this faculty, and allow the stronger faculties frequently to divert it, yet pray at least iutenially : "with laige or verv large Conscience cr Benevolence, place religion in doing right and doing good more than in religious observances, and esteem duties higher than cere- monies ; with strong jn-opensities, may be devout upon the Sabbath, yet will be worldly through the week, and experience some conflict between the religious and worldly aspirations. AVEEAGE.— Will adore the Deity, yet often make religion subservient to the larger faculties ; with large Adhesiveness, Benevolence, and Conscience, may love religious meetings, to meet friends, and pray for the good of mankind, or because duty requires their attendance; yet are not habitually and . innately devotional, except when this faculty is especally ex- cited by circumstances. MODEKATE.— Will not be particularly devout or worship- ful ; with large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, if relig- iously educated, may be religious, yet will place religion more in works than faith, in duty than prayer, and be more moral than pious; in prayer will supplicate blessings upon manknd, and with Conscientiousness large, will confess sin more than express an awe of God ; with large reflectives, worship no fur- ther than reason precedes worship ; with moderate Spirituality and Cons "'ientiousness, care little for religion as such, but with large Benevolence, j)lace religion mainly in doing good, etc. ; and are b.y no means conservative in religion, but take liberal views of religious subjects ; and are religious only n'hen this faculty is considerably excited. SMALL.— Experience little devotion or respect, and are deficient in fervor; care little for religious observances, and are not easily impressed with the worshipping sentiment. 142 BENEVOLENCE. VERY S^IALIj.— Are almost destitute of the feeling and practice of this sentiment. TO CULTIVATE.-Study and admire the divine in nature, animate and inanimate, heaven and earth, man and things, present and future : cultivate admiration and adoration of the Divine character and government, of this stupendous order of things, of the beauties and perfections of nature, as well as a regard for religion and things sacred ; but contemplate the Divine mercy and goodness rather than austerity, and salva- tion than condemnation. TO RESTRAIN is rarely, if ever, necessary, unless where re- ligious excitement endangers religious fanaticism and hallu- cination. In such cases avoid religious meetings, conversa- tions, etc., as much as possible; cultivate the other faculties, and especiallv tljose which relate to this world and its pleas- lu-es ; take those physical remedies, exercise, bathing, etc.. which will -ii-ithdraiv blood from the head, and promote health ; and especially do think of the Deity with feelings of awe, fear, or terror, but as a kind and loving heavenly Father, good to all his creatures. 1 9 .-BENEVOLENCE. Sympathy ; kindness ; humanity ; desire to make others happy ; a self-sacrificing disposition ; philanthropy ; generos- ity ; the accommodating, neighborly spirit. Adapted to man's capability of making his fellow-men happy. Perversion- misplaced sympathies. VERY LARGE.— Are deeply and thoroughly imbued with a benevolent spirit, and do good spontaneously ; with large Adhesiveness and moderate Acqusitiveness, are too ready to help friends ; and with, large Hope added, especially inclined to indorse for them ; with large Acquisitiveness, bestow t-ime more freely than money, yet will also give the latter; but with only average or full Acquisitiveness, freely bestow both .substance and personal aid ; with large Veneration and only full Acquisitiveness, give freely to religious objects ; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, are more severe in word than deed, and threaten more than execute ; with larger moral than animal organs, literally overflow with sympathy and practical goodness, and reluctantly cause others trouble ; llEXEVOLEXCfi. 143 ■with lai go reasoning organs, are trulj' philanthropic, and take liroad \ievvs of reformatorj' measures; with large Adhesive- iiL'ss and Parental Love, are pre-eminently qualified for nuis- ing ; with large Caasalitj-, give excellent advice, etc., and should not let sympathy overrule judgment. jjAliGE.— Delight to do good; make personal sacrifices to l ondor others happy ; can not witness pain or distress, and do wliat can well be done to relieve them ; manifest a pei-pet- ual (low of disinterested goodness ; with large Adhesiveness, lil(!ality, and Approbativenesss, and only average propensities and Self-Esteem, are remarkable for practical goodness ; live Fig 61.— Large. Fig. 62.— S.«all. more for others than self ; with largo domestic oigans, make groat sacrifices for family ; with large reflectives, are perpet- ually I'oasoning on the evils of society, the way to obviate Clioni, and to roiulor mankind hapjjy ; with large Adhesiveness, are hospitable; with moderate Dostructiveness, can not wit- ness pain or death, and revolt at capital punisliment ; with moderate Acquisitiveness, give freely to the needy, and never exact dues from the poor ; with large Acquisitiveness, help others to help themselves rather than give money ; with large Combativeness, Dostructiveness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness, at times evince harshness, yet generally are kindly disposed. FULL.— Show a good degree of kind, neighborly, and hu- 144 tjENEVOLENCE. mane feeling, exxept when the selfish faculties overrule it, yet are not remarkable for disinterestedness ; with large Ad- hesiveness, manifest kindness towards friends: and with largo Combativeness and Destructiveness, are unrelenting toward enemies; with large Acquisitiveness, are benevolent Avhen money can be made thereby ; with large Conscientiousness, are more just than kind, and with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, are exacting and severe toward offenders. AVERAGE.— INIanifest kindness only in conjunction with Adhesiveness and other large organs ; and with only full Ad- hesiveness, if kind, are so for selfish XJurposes ; with large Acauisitiveness, give little or nothing, yet may sometimes do favors ; with large Veneration, are more devout than humane ; and with only full reasoning organs are neither philanthropic nor reformatory. MODEEATE.— Allow the selfish faculties to infringe upon the happiness of others^ with large Combativeness, Destruc- tiveness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness, are comparatively hard- ened to suffering ; and with Acquisitiveness and Secretiveness added, evince almost unmitigated selfishness. SMALL.— Care little for the happiness of man or brute, and do still less to prpmot3 it_; make no disinterested self- sacrifices ; are callous to human woe ; do few acts of kindness, and those grudgingly, and have unbounded selfishness. VERY SMALL.— Feel little and evince none of this senti- ment, but are selfish in proportion as the other faculties prompt. TO CULTIVATE.— Be more generous and less selfish ; more kind to others, the sick included ; interest yourself in their wants and woes, as well as their relief ; and cultivate general philanthropy and practical goodness in sentiment and con- duct ; indulge benevolence in all the little affairs of life, in every look and action, and season your whole conduct and character with this sentiment. TO RESTRAIN.— Lend and indorse only where you are willing and can afford to lose ; give and do less freely than you naturally incline to ; bind yourself solemnly not to indorse beyond a given sum ; harden yourself against the woes and sufferings of mankind; avoid waiting much on the sick, lest you make yoiu'self sick thereby, for your Benevolence is in THE SELP-rERFECTlNG GUOTTP. 145 daiigei" of exceeding your strength ; be selfish first and gener- ous afterwards, and put Benevolence under bonds to judgment. VT.-TIIE SELF-PEEFECTING GROUP, OR SEMI-INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS, consisting of Constructivcness, Ideality, Sublimity, Imitation, Mirthfulness. Love of, and talent for, the fine arts; and for improvement in self-perfection, and obtaining and acquiring whatever is beautiful and perfect. This group elevates and chastens the animal faculties, pre- vents the propen.sities, even when strong, from taking on the grosser sensual forms of action, and hence is rarely found in criminals ; elevates even the moral sentiments, and consti- tutes a stepping-stone from the animal to the moral, and a connecting link between the moral and the intellectual in man. TO CULTIVATE.— Associate wth persons of wit, ingen- uity, and refinenientj visit galleries of art and mechanism, scenes of beauty and perfection, and read poetry and other works of the most polished and refined ^Titers. TO RESTRAIN.— Give more attention to the common affairs of life, and refrain from fostering esthetic subjects ; read history, science, and metaphysics rather than poetry, ro- mance, etc. 20.-CONSTRUCTIVENESS. The making instinct ; the tool-using talent ; sleight of hand in constructing things. Adapted to a man's need of things made, such as houses, clothes, and manufactured articles of all kinds. Perverted, it wastes time and money on perpetual motion, and other like futile inventions. VERY LARGE.— Show extraordinary mechanical ingenuity, and a i>erfect passion for maldng everything ; with large Imitation, Form, Si^e, and Locality, have flrst-rate talents as an artist, and for drawing, engraving, etc. ; and with Col- or added, are excellent limners ; with Ideality, add elegance to skill ; with large Causality, add invention to execution, etc. CONSTEUCTIVENESS. LARGE.— Love to make, arc aljlc and disposed to tinker, mend, and fix np, Imild, manufacture, employ machinery, etc ; show mechanical skill and dexterity in whatever is done with the hands; with large Causality and porccptives, are inventive ; and with large Ltutation added, can make after a jiattcrn, and both copy the improvements of others, and sup- ply defects hy original inventions, as well as improve on the mechanical contrivances of others; with the mental temper- ament, and large intellectual organs and Ideality, employ ingenuity in constructing sentences and arranging words, and forming essays, sentiments, books, etc. ]'Mg. I.AHiin. Flj;. 01. S.M.vi.T,. FULL.— Can, when occasion requires, omiiloy tools and use the hands in making, tinkering, and fixing up, and turn off work with skill, yet have no great natural passioii or abilit.y therein ; with i)ractice, can be a good worlanan ; without it, would not excel. AVERAGE.— Like full, only less gifted in this respect. MODERATE.— Are rather awkward in the use of tools, and in manual operations of evcr.y kind; with largo Causality and iierceptives, show more talent to invent than execute, yet no groat in either ; with the mental temi)erament, evince some mental construction, yet no great physical ingenuity. SMALL.— Are dsficiont in the tool-using capability : awk- ward in making and fixing up things ; poor in understanding IDEALITY. 147 and managing machinery ; take hold of work awkwardly and wrong ond first ; Avrite poorly and lack both mental and physical construction. VERY SJIALL.— Can make nothing, except in the most awkward manner. TO CULTIVATE.-Try your hand in using tools, and turn- ing off work of any and every kind ; if in any writing business, in writing well and cutting flourishes ; if a mechanic, in doing with skill and dexterity what you iindertake, etc. ; observe and study machinery and inventions, and call out this fac- ulty in its various lAases— that is, work. TO RESTRAIN.— Give yourself more to the exercise of your other faculties, and less to mechanical inventions and execu- tions ; especially abstain from chimeiical inventions, perpet- ual motion, and the like ; and spend no more lime or money on inventions than you can spare without inconvenience. 21.-IDEALITY. Perception and admiration of the beautiful and perfect ; good taste and refinement ; purity of feeling ; sense of pro- priety, elegance, and gentility ; polish and imagination. Adapted to the beautful in nature and art. Perverted, it gives fastidiousness and extra niceness. VERY LARGE.— Have the highest order of taste and re- finement ; love the exquisite and perfect beyond expression, and are correspondingly dissatisfied with the imperfect, especially in ihcinselves ; admire beauty in bird iind insect, flower and fruit, animal and man, the physical and mental ; are perfectly enraptured with the impassioned, oratorical, and poetical in speech and action, in nature and art, and live much in an ideal world ; have a most glowing and vivid imagination, and give a delicate finish and touch of perfec- tion to every act, word, thoLight, and feeling, and find few things to come up to their exalted standard of taste ; with only average Causality, have more taste than solidity of mind and character, and more exquisiteness than sense ; but with large reflectives, add the highest artistical style of expression to the highest conceptions of reason, and with organic quality 6 or 7, are always and involuntarily elo- quent. 148 IDEALITY. LAEGE.— Appreciate and enjoy beaiiiy and perfection whev- ever found, especially in nature ; give grace, purity, and propriety to expression and conduct, gracefulness and polish to manners, and general good taste to all they say and do ; are pure-minded; enjoy the ideal of poetry and romance; long after perfection of character, and desire to obviate blemishes, and with Conscientiousness large, moral imper- fections; -with large social organs, evince a nice sense ol propriety in friendly intercourse; eat in a becoming and genteel manner ; with large moral organs, appreciate most highly perfection of character, or inoral beauties and excel- Fi!,'. 65.— l.ARr.E. CO.— Small. lonccs ; with largo roflectives, add a high order of sense and strength of mind to beauty and perfection of character ; witli large perceptives, are gifted with a talent for the study of nature, etc. FULL.— Evince a good share of taste and refinement, yet not a high order of thom, except in those things in which it lias been vigorously cultivated; with largo Language, Even- tuality, and Comparison, may compose with elegance, and speak with much natural eloquence, yet will have more force of thought than bea.uty of diction ; with large Con- structiveness, will use tools with considerable taste, yet more skill ; with large Conibalivencss and Destructive- IDEALITY. 149 ness, show general refinement, except -when provoked, but are then grating and liarsh ; with large moral organs, evince r more moral beauty and harmony than personal neatness ; with large intellectual organs, possess more beauty of mind than regard for looks and outside appearances, and preler the sensible to the elegant and nice, etc. AVERAGE.— Prefer the plain and substantial to the orna- mental, and are utilitarian ; with large intellectual organs, prefer sound, solid matter to the ornaments of style, and appreciate logic more than eloquence ; with Benevolence and Adhesiveness large, are hospitable, and evince true cordial- ity, yet care nothing for ceremony ; with Approbaliveness large, may try to be polite, but make an awliward attempt, and are rather deficient in taste and elegance ; with Construc- tiveness large, make things that are solid and serviceable, but do not polish them off ; with Language large, talk directly to the purpose, without paying much attention to the mode of expression, etc. MODERATE.— Eather lack taste in manners and expres- sion ; have but little of the sentimental or finished ; should cultivate harmony and perfection of character, and endeav- or to polish up ; with strong loropensities, evince them in rather a coarse and gross manner, and are more liable to their perverted action than when this organ is large, and are homespun in everything. SHALL.— Show a marked deficiency in whatever appertains to taste and style, also to beauty and sentiment. VERY SMALL.— Are almost deficient in taste, and evince none. TO CULTIVATE.— First, avoid all disgusting habits- swearing, chewing, and drinking, low conversation, vulgar expressions and associates ; and dress and appear in good taste, and cultivate personal neatness, good behavior, refine- ment and style in manners, pm'ity in feeling, the poetical and sentimental, an elegant and classical style of conversation, expression, and witing, and love of the fine arts and beautiful forms ; of the beauties of nature, of sunrise, sunset, mountain, lawn, river, scenery, beautiful birds, fruits, flowers, mechani- cal fabrics and prodxiotions— in short, the beautiful and per- fect in nature, in general, and yourself in particular, 150 SUBLIMITY. TO EESTRAIN.— Eemember that in you the ideal and imagi- native exceed the practical ; that your building aii-y castles out of hubbies prevents your building substantial structures, ,and attaining useful life ends ; that you are too symbolical, fastid- ious, and ornamental, too much tormented by a spot and wrinkle, too apt to discard things that are almost perfect, because not quite so, and hold in check the revelings of Ideality, and learn to prize what is right, instead of discarding the greater good because of minor faults. Especially do not refuse to associate with others because they are not in all par- ticulars just to your fastidious tastes. Perception and appreciation of the Vast, Illimitable, End- less, Omnipotent, and Infinite. Adapted to that infinitude which characterizes every department of nature. Perverted, it leads to bombast, and a wrong application of extravagant words and ideas. VERY LARGE.— Have a literal passion for the wild, roman- tic, boundless, endless, infinite, eternal, and stupendous, and are like large, only more so. LARGE.— Appreciate and admire the grand, sublime, vast, and magnificent in nature and art ; admire and enjoy exceed- Fig. 67. -Large. Fig. 68.— Small. B.-SUBLIMITY. SUBLIMITY. 151 ingly mountain scenery, thunder, lightning, tempests, vast prospects, and all that is awful and magnificent, also the foam- ing, dashing cataract, a storm at sea, the lightning's vivid flash, and its accompanying thunder ; the commotion of the ele- ments, and the star-spangled canopy of heaven, and all mani- festations of omnipotence and infinitude ; with large Vener- ation, are particularly delighted by the infinite as appertaining to the Deity, and his attributes and works ; and with largo Time added, have unspeakably grand conceptions of infini- tude as applicable to devotion, the past and future, and tho . character and works of the Deity ; with large intellectual organs, take a comprehensive view of subjects, and give illimi- table scope to all mental investigations and conceptions, so that they will bear being carried out to any extent ; and with Ideality large, add tho beautiful and perfect to the sublime and infinite. FULL.— Enjoy grandeur, sublimity, and infinitude quite well, and impart considerable of this element to thoughts, emotions, and expressions, and evince the same qualities as large, only in a less degree. AVERAGE.— Possess considerable of this element, when it is powerfully excited, yet, under ordinary circumstances, manifest only an ordinary share of it. MODERATE.— Are rather deficient in the conception and appreciation of the illimitable and infinite ; and with voneia- tion moderate, fail to appreciate this element in nature and hei" Author. SMALL.— Show a marked deficiency in this respect, and should earnestly cultivate it. VERY SMALL.— Are almost destitute of sublime emotions and conceptions. TO CULTIVATE.-Mount the lofty summit to contemplate the outstretched landscape ; admire the grand and stupendous in towering mountain, rolling cloud, rushing wind and storm, loud thunder, majestic river, raging sea, roaring cataract, burning volcano, and the boundless, endless, infinite, and eter- nal in nature and her Author. TO RESTRAIN— which is rarely ever necessary— refrain from the contemplation of tho sublime. 152 IMITATION. 22.-IMITATION. Ability and disposition to Copy, Take Pattern, and Imitate. Adapted to man's requisition for doing, talking, acting, etc., like others. Perverted, it copies even their faults. VERY LARGE.— Can mimic, act out, and pattern after almost anylliing ; with large Mirthfulaoss, I'elato anecdotes to the very life ; have a theatrical taste and talent ; gesticulate Fig. 69.— Large. Fig. 70.-Smai,l. almost constantly while speaking ; and with large language, impart an uncommon amount of Expression to counte- nance, and everything said ; with lai'ge Individuality, Eventu- ality, Language, Comparison, and Ideality, can make a splen- did speaker ; and with large Mirthf ulness, and full Secretive- ness added, can keep others in a roar of laughter, yet remain serious ; with an uneven head, are droll and humorous in the extreme; with large Approbativeness, delight in being the sport-maker at parties, etc., and excel therein ; with large Con- structiveness, Form, Size, Locality, and Comparison, full Color, and a good temperament, and a full-sized brain, can make a very supeiior artist of almost any kind ; but with Color small, can engrave, draw, carve, model, etc., better than paint. LARGE.— Have a great propensity and ability to copy and take pattern from others, and do what is seen done; describe and act out well ; with large Language, gesticulate much ; with UVIITATIOX. 153 large perceptives, require to be shown but once ; \^'ith largo Constructiveness, easily learn to use tools, and to make things as others make them ; and with small Continuity added, are a jaok-o£-all-trades, but thorough in none ; begin many things, but fail to finish ; with large Causality, perceptives, and an active temperament added, may make inventions or improve- ments, but never dwell on one till it completes it, or are always adding to them; with largo Approbativeness, copy after renowned men ; with large Adhesiveness, take pattern from friends; with large Language, imitate the style and mode of expression of others ; with large Jlirthf ulness and full Secre- tiveness, create laughter by. taking off the oddities of people; with large Form, Size, and Constructiveness, copy shape and proportions ; with large Color, imitates colors, and thus of all the other faculties. FULL.— Copy quite well, yet not remarkably so ; with largo Causality, had rather invent a new way of doing things than copy the ordinary mode, and evince considerable imitating talent when this faculty works in conjunction with large organs, yet but little other-\viso. AVERAGE.— Can copy tolerably well when this faculty is strongly excited, yet are not a mimic, nor a natural copyist ; with only full Constructiveness, evince little manual dexter- ity ; yet with large CausaMty, can originate quite well, and show no great disposition or ability to copy either the excel- lences or deficiencies of others, but prefer to be original. MODERATE.— Have little inclination to do what and as others do ; but with large Causality, prefer to strike out a new course, and invent an original plan of their own ; with large Self-Esteem added, have an excellent conceit of that plan ; but if Causality is only fair, are full of original devices, yet they do not amount to any great things. SMALL.— Copy even commonplace matter with extreme dif- ficulty and reluctance, and generally do everything in their own way. VERY SMALL.— Possess scarcely any, and manifest no dis- position or ability to copy anything, not even enough to learn Lo talk well. TO CULTIVATE.— Study and practice copying from others in manners, expressions, sentinients, ideas, opinions, every- 154 MIRTHFULNESS. thing, and try yoiu' hand at drawing, and in every species of copying and imitation, as well as conforming to those around you ; that is, try to become what they are, and do what and as they do. TO RESTRAIN.— Maintain more your own personality in thought, doctrine, character, everything, and bo less a parrot, an echo, and cultivate the original and inventive in everything. 23.-MmTHrULNESS. Intuitive Perception of the absurd and ridiculous ; dispo- sition and ability to Joke and Make Fun, and Laugh at what Fig. 71.— Large. Fig. 72.— Small. is improper, ill-timed, or unbecoming ; pleasantness ; face tiousness. Adapted to the absurd, inconsistent, and laughable Perverted, it makes fun on solemn occasions, and where there is nothing ridiculous at which to laugh. VERY LARGE.— Show an extraordinary disposition and capacity to make fim ; are aways laughing and making others laugh ; with largo Language, Comparison, Imitation, Percep- tives, and Adhesiveness, and moderate Self-Esteem and Sccre- tiveness, are " the fiddle of the company ;" wth only average Ideality added, are clownLsh, and often say undignified, and perhaps low things, to raise a laugh ; and with only moderate Causality, things that lack sense, etc. MIRTHFULNESS. 155 LARGE.— Enjoy a hearty laugh at the absurdities of others exceedingly, and delight to make fun out of everything not exactly proper or in good taste, and are always ready to give as good joke as get; with large Amativeness, love to joke with and about the other sex ; and with large Imitation and Language added, to talk with and tell stories to and about tlicm ; with large Combativeness and Ideality added, make fun of their imperfections in dress, expression, manners, etc., and hit them off to admiration; with large Adhesiveness, Language, and Imitation, are excellent company ; with large Causality, Comparison, and Combativeness, argue mainly by ridicule or by showing up the absurdity of the opposite side, and excel more in exposing the fallacy of other systems than in jiropounding new ones ; with large Ideality, show taste and propriety in -witticisms, but with this faculty average or less, are often gross, and with large Amativeness added, vulgar in jokes; with large Combativeness and Destructive- ness, love to tease, and are sarcastic, and make many enemies ; and with large Comparison added, compare those disliked to something mean, disgusting, and ridiculous. FULL.— Possess and evince considerable of the fun- mak- ing disposition, especially in the direction of the larger organs ; with large or very large Comparison, Imitation, and Appro- bative^iess, and moderate Self-Esteem, manifest more of the laughable and witty than is really possessed ; may make much fun and be called witty, yet it will be owing more to what may be called drollery and pure wit ; with moderate Secre- tiveness and Self-Esteein, and an excitable temperament, let fly -nitty conceptions on tKe spur of the moment, and thus increase their laughableness by their being well-timed, un- expected, sudden, etc. AVEEAGE.— Are generally serious and sedate, except when this faculty is excited, yet then often laugh heartily, and evince considerable wit ; with large Individuality and Lan- guage, often say many laughable things, yet they owe their wit more to argument or the criticism they embody than to this faculty. MODEE. .PE— Are generally serious, sedate, and sober, and -with large Self-Esteem, stern and dignified, nor com- panionable except when Adhesiveness is large, and in company 156 INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. with intimate friends ; vnth. only average Ideality and Imita- tion, are very iioor in joking, have to expand witticisms, and thereby spoil them ; have some witty ideas, yet lack in per- ceiving and expressing them : fail to please others in witti- cisms, and with large Approhativeness and Combativeness, are liable to become angry when joked, and should cultivate this faculty by laughing and joking more. SMALL.— Make little fun ; are slow to perceive, and still slower to return jokes; seldom laugh, and think it foolish or wrong to do so ; with only average Adhesiveness, are uncom- panionaT)le; with large reflectives and Language, may do well in newspaper diction, yet not in debate. VERY SMALL.— Have few, if any, witty ideas and con- ceptions. TO CULTIVATE.-Get rid of the idea that it is sinful or undignified to laugh ; try to perceive the witty and the face- tious aspect of subjects and things ; cultivate the acquaintance of mirthful people, and read witty books, and as much as may be imbibe their spirit. TO EESTEAIN.— Cease hunting for something to laugh at and make fun of ; observe in the conduct and appearance of others all that is congruous, correct, and proper, and not that merely which is droll or ridiculous ; avoid tm-ning everything into ridicule, punning, phiying upon words, double enten- der, etc. * VII.-INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. Knowing, Eemembering, and Reasoning powers; general Intellectual Capability and desire. Adapted to the physical and metaijhysical. Perverted, they apply their respective power to accomplish wrong ends. These faculties are divided into three classes— the Percep- tive, the Literary, and the Reflective- which, when large, con- fer three kinds of talent. TO CULTIVATE.- Exercise the v.-hole mind in diversified studies and intellectual exercises. See specific directions in "Fowler on Memory." And probably nothing is so well cal- culated to discipline and improve intellect as the study and practice of Phrenology, ► INDIVIDUALITY. 157 TO RESTKAIN.-Divert the flow of ))lood from the biairi to the body by vigorous exercise, an occasional hot bath, fre- quent ablutions, and a general abstinence from intellectual exercises, especially reading and writing. VIII.-THE PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES, consisting of Individuality, Form, Size, Weight, Color, Ordei', Calculation, Locality. These bring man into direct intercour.se with the physical world; talie cognizance of tiie physical qualities of material things; give correct judgment of the material properties of things, and a practical cast of mind. Fig. 73.— Large. Fig. 74.— Small. F TO CULTIVATE.— Exercise each separately, and all to- gether, in examining closely all the material properties of physical bodies; study the natural sciences, especially Phre- nology; examine the natural qualities of all natural objects. TO RESTRAIN is never necessary. 24.-INDIVIDUALITY. Observation; desire to see and examine; cognizance of individual objects. Adapted to individual existence, or the thingness of things. . It is the door through which most forms of Ii:nowlcdgo enter the mind. Perverted, it makes the starer and the impudently observing. 158 INDIVIDUALITY. VERY LAEGE.— Have an insatiable desire to see and know all about everything, together with extraordinary powers of observation ; can not rest satisfied till all is known ; individ- ualize everything, and are very minute and particular in observation of things ; with large Ideality, employ many allegorical and like figxn-es ; with large Human Nature and Comparison, observe every little thing which people say and do, and read character correctly from what smaller Individ- uality would not notice. LARGE.— Have a great desire to see, know, examine, expe- rience, etc., are great and practical observers of meji and things ; see whatever is transpiring around, what should be done, etc.; are quick of perception, Im owing, and wilh large Acquisitiveness, quick to perceive whatever appertains to property ; with large- Parental Love, whatever concerns children ; with large Alimentiveness, whatever belongs to the flavor or qualities of food, and know what things are good by looking at them ; with large Approbativeness or Self- Esteem, see quickly whatever appertains to individual charac- ter, and whether it is favorable or unfavorable ; with large Conscientiousness, perceive readily the moral, or right and wrong of things; with large Veneration, ''see God in clouds, and hear him in the winds ;" with large Ideality, are quick to perceive beauty, perfection, and deformity: with large Form, notice the countenances and looks of all met; with small Color, fail to observe tints, hues, and shades ; with large Order and moderate Ideality, perceive disarrangement at once, yet fail to notice the want of taste or niceness. These and kin- dred combinations show why some persons are very quick to notice some things, but slow to observe others. FULL.— Have good observing powers, and much desire to see and know things, yet are not remarkable in these re- spects ; with large Acquisitiveness, but moderate Ideality, are quiclj; to notice whatever appertains to property, yet fail to observe instances of beauty and deformity ; but with large Ideality and moderate Acquisitiveness, quickly see beauty and deformity, yet do not quickly observe the qualities of things or value of property ; with large Parental Love and Ideality, see at once indices of beauty and perfection in children ; but if Ideality and Language are moderate, fail to perceive beauty of expression or sentiment, etc POEM. 159 AVERAGE.— Observe only the more conspicuous objects, and these more in general than detail, and what especially interests the stronger faculties. MODERATE.— Are rather deficient in observing disposition and capability, and shovild cultivate this faculty ; with large Locality, may observe places sufficiently to find thoni again ; with large Order, observe when tilings are out of place ; with large Causality, see that it may find material for i-easoning, etc. SMALL.— Observe only what is thrust upon the attention, and are quite deficient in this respect. VERY SMALL.— See scarcely anything. FiS. 75.— Large.— Indicated by width Fig. 76.— Shall. Ijetwecn tlie eyes. TO CULTIVATE.— Notice whatever comes within the range of your vision : obsei-ve attentively all the little things done and said by everybody, all their minor manifestations of character- in short, keep a sharp look-out. TO RESTRAIN-of which there is little, if any need-look and stare less, and think more. 23.-FORM. Cognizance and recollection of shape; memory of counte- nances and the looks of persons and things seen ; perception of resemblances, family likenesses, etc. Adapted to shape. 160 Perverted, sees imaginary shapes of persons, things etc., as in delirium tremens. VERY LARGE.— Possess this capability in an extraordinary degree : recognize persons not seen for many years ; with large Ideality, take extreme delight in beautiful forms ; with large Spirituality, see the spirits of the departed ; -with dis- ordered nerves, see horrid images, etc. I.1ARGE.— Notice, and for a long time remember, the faces, countenances, forms, looks, etc., of persons, beasts and things once seen ; know by sight many whose names are not remem- bered ; with Individuality large, both observe and recollect persons and things, but with Individuality moderate, fail to notice them, and hence to remember them, unless business, or something special, draws attention to them ; with large Parental Love, notice and recollect children, favorite animals, etc. ; with large Acquisitiveness, Individviality, and Locality, readily detect counterfeits, etc. rULL.— Have a good recollection of the countenances of jjei'sons and shape of things, yet not remarkably good unless this faculty has been quickened by practice, or invigorated by some strong incentive to action ; with large Ideality, vn\\ recollect beautiful shapes ; with large Locality and Sublimity, beautiful and magnificent scenery, etc. ; and should endeavor to impress the recollection of shape upon the mind. AVERAGE.— Have only a fair natiu'al recollection of shapes, countenances, etc. ; yet with practice may do tolerably well, but without practice will be only fair in these respects, and should cultivate this faculty. MODERATE.— Are rather deficient in recognizing persons and things seen ; fail to recognize by their looks those who are I'clated to each other by blood, and should cultivate this faculty by tiyiug to remember persons and things. SMALL.— Have a poor recollection of persons' looks, etc. ; often meet persons the next day after an introduction, or an evening interview, -without knowing them; with Eventuality large, may remember their history, but not their faces ; with Locality largo, where they were seen, but not their looks, etc. VERY SMALL.— Manifest scarcely any of this faculty. TO CULTIVATE.— Scan the shape of everything you would remember; study botany, conchology, phrenology, and espe- SIZE. 161 dally those studies which involve configuration ; when talk- ing to persons, scan eyes, nose, mouth, chin, forehead, looks, expression of countenance, especially of eye, as if you were determined ever afterward to remember them— looking at them critically, as a police detective looks at a rogue, as if saying to himself, " I'll know you, my man, next time I see you." TO EESTRAIN is never necessary, yet avoid staring at strangers and others. 26.-SIZE. Cognizance of bulk, magnitude, quantity, proportion, etc. ; ability to measure by the eye. Adapted to the absolute and Fig. 77. —Large. Fig. 78.— Small. relative magnitude of things. Perverted, it is pained by dis- proportion and architectural inaccuracies. VERT LARGE.— Are endowed with an extraordinarily ac- curate architectural eye ; detect at one glance any departure from perfect aooui-acy and proportion ; often detect errors in the work of good workmen ; can tell how high, wiie, long, far, much, heavy, etc., with perfect accuracy ; judge correctly as if by intuition, the texture, fineness, coarseness, (juality, etc., of goods; excel in judging property where bulk and value are to be estimated by eye ; with Constructiveness, can fit nice machinery, and in many things dispense with measur- 1C2 WEIGHT. ing instruments because accuxate enoiigli without, and do best on work requiring tlie most perfect accuracy. LAJJGE.— Have an excellent eye for measuring angles, pro- portions, disproportions, and departures therefrom, and with large Constructiveness, a good mechanical eye, and judge cor- rectly of quantity in general ; love harmony of proportion, and are pained by disproportion. This faculty is necessary to artisans, mechanics, all kinds of dealers, students, etc. J<'U1jL.— Possess a good share of this eye-measuring power, yet are not remarkable; with practice, do well; without it, only fairly ;, anfl in this respect succeed well in their accus- tomed business. AVERAGE.— Have a fair eye for judging of bulk, distances, weight by the size, etc., -and with practice do tolerably well in this respect. MuUEEATE.— Measure by eye rather inaccurately, and have poor judgment of bulk, quantity, distance, and whatever is estimated by this faculty. SMALL.— Are obliged always to rely on actual measure- ments, because the eye is too imperfect to be trusted. VERY SMALL.— Are almost destitute of this faculty. TO CULTIVATE.— Pass judgment on whatever involves how much, how heav.y, how far, the center, the amount, arch- itectural accuracy, guessing the weight, the quantity of grocer- ies, of everything by eye; judging how much grain to the acre, and everything involving the exercise of this faculty. TO RESTRAIN.— Do not allow architectural inaccuracie.s or any disproportion to disturb you as much as it naturally does — that is, put up with things not regulated by size and pro- portion. 27.-WEIGHT. Intuitive perception and application of the laws of gravity, motion, etc. Adapted to man's requisition for keeping his balance. Perverted, it runs imminent risks of falling by venturing too far. VERY LARGE.— Have control over the muscular system, hence can climb or walk anywhere with safety ; can not be thrown by fractious horses ; are sure-footed ; never slip or WEIGHT. 163 fall ; are a dead shot, even " on the wing ;" have an intuitive sight for skating, swimming, balancing, circus-acting, hurling, everything requiring muscular control; are an excellent judge of perpendiculars and levels ; can plumb anything by the eye ; as a sculptor or other artist, always make a pictui-e or statue in an easy, natural, and well-balanced attitude, and are an- noyed if the mirror or pictures, etc., do not hang plumb ; with Constructiveness large, will succeed in any mechanical avoca- tion requiring a steady hand, as in surgery, dental operations, sleight-of-hand performances, fancy glass-blowing, etc. LARGE.— Have an excellent faculty for preserving and re- gaining balance, riding a fractious horse, skating, carrying a Fig. 79.~-Large. Fig. SO.-Small. steady hand, etc. ; easily keep from falling when aloft, or in dangerous places ; throw a stone, ball, or arrow, straight ; are pained at seeing things out of plumb ; Judge of perpendiculars very exactly; love to climb, walk on the edge of a precipice, etc. ; with Form and Size large, are excellent marksmen : with Constructiveness large, possess an excellent faculty for understanding and working machinery; with Approbative- ness laige, are venturesome, etc., to show what risks can be run without falling. FULL.— Have a good degree of this faculty, and with prac- tice excel, yet without it ai'e not remarkable. AVERAGE.- Like Full, only less gifted in this respect ; with 164 COLOR. only average Constructiveness and perceptives, should never engage in working machinery, heoause deficient in this talent. MODERATE.— Can keep the balance under ordinary cir- cumstances, yet have rather imperlect control over the mus- cles in riding a fractious horse, or walking a narrow beam aloft, etc. ; with large Cautiousness, are afiaid to walk over generous places, and dare not venture far ; are rather poor in shooting, skating, throwing, etc., unless rendered so by prac- tice, and should cultivate this faculty by climbing, balancing, hurling, etc. SJIALL.— Are quite liable to sea-sickness, dizziness when aloft, etc. write large Cautiousness, are afraid to walk over water, oven on a wide plank, and "where there is no danger; never feel safe while climbing, and fall easily. VERY SJIALL.— Can hardly stand erect, and have very little control over the muscles. TO CULTIVATE.-Skate, slide down hill, practice gymnas- tic feats, balance a long pole on your hands, walk a fence, climb, ride on horseback, go to sea, practice gunnery, archery, throwing stones, pitching quoits— anything to call this faculty into exorcise. TO RESTRAIN.-Do not allow yourself to climb aloft, and walk narrow, dangerous places as much as naturally inclined to. Persons often lose their lives by ambitiously showing what extraordinary feats they can accomplish. 28.— COLOR. Perception, recollection, and application of colors, and delight in them. Adapted to that infinite variety of color- ing interspersed throughout nature. Perverted, are over- particular to have colors just right. VERY LARGE.— Have a natural taste and talent, as well as a perfect passion, for whatever appertains to colors ; can carry colors perfectly in the eye, and match them from memory ; take the utmost delight in viewing harmonious colois, and with very large Constructiveness, Imitation, Form, and Size, and large Weight, a full or large-sized bi'ain, and organic quality 6 or 7, have a natural taste and talent for painting, and a real genius in this line. For combinations see Large. LARGE.— Can discern and match colors by the eye with COI>0E. 165 accuracy ; -v^^ith Comparison large, can compare thorn closely, and detect similarities and differences ; with Constructiveness, Form, Size, and Imitation large, or very lai'ge, can excel in painting ; but with rorni and Size only average, can paint better than draw; with Ideality laige, are exceedingly delighted with fine paintings, and disgusted with imperfect coloring ; with large Form and Size, manage the perspective and lights and shades of painting admirably. FULL.— Possess a good share of coloring ability and talent, provided it has been cultivated ; take much pleasure in beauti- ful flowers, variegated landscapes, beautifully colored fruits, etc. C'ast.of F. BLY— lilinrt. Fig. 81. -Large. rig. 82. -Small. AVERAGE.— Possess a fair share of this talent, yet are not extraordinary. MuDERATE.— With practice, may judge of colors with con- siderable success, yet without it will be deficient in this respect ; with large Form, Size, Constructiveness, Ideality, and Imitation, may take an excellent likeness, yet will fail in the coloring. SMALL.— May tell the primitive colors from each other, yet rarely notice the color of dress, eyes, hair, etc. ; can not describe persons and things by them, and evince a marked deficiency in coloring, taste and talent. 166 ORDER. VERY SMALL.— Can hardly tell one color from anotlier, or form any idea of colors. TO CULTIVATE.— Observe color in general, and its shad- ings ill particular ; try to appreciate their beauties ; relish, revel in their richness, as seen in flower, bird, fruit, lawn, twilight, everywhere, and cultivate an appreciation of fine paintings. TO EESTRAIN is rarely necessary ; go less into rapturous ecstasy over a new flower or painting, but give more attention to other things. 29.-ORDEK. Method, system, arrangement. Adapted to Heaven's first law. Perverted, it overworks, annoys others to keep things in order, and is tormented by disarrangement. VERY LARGE.— Are perfectly systematic, and are very particular about order, even to old-maidishness ; work far beyond strength to have things just so ; and with large Ideal- ity, and an active temperament, and only fair Vitality, are liable to break down health and constitution by overworking in order to have things extra nice, and take more pains to keep things in order that this order is worth ; with large Ideality, are fastidious about personal appearance, and extra particular to have every little thing very nice ; and with. Acquisitive- ness added, can not bear to have garments soiled, and are pained in the extreme by grease-spots, ink-blots, and like deformities. LARGE.— Have a desire to conduct business on methodical principles, and to be systematic in everything ; with large Acquisitiveness and Causality, have good business talents; with large Locality, have a place for everything, and every- thing in its place ; with large Time, have a time for every- thing, and everything in season ; ivith large Continuity, Com- parison, and the mental temperament, have every idea, para- graph, and head of a subject in its proper place; with large Constructivencss, have tools alw-ays in place, so that they can be found in the dark ; with large Combativeness, are exces- sively vexed by disarrangement; with large Language, place every word exactly right, in the sentence ; with large Appro- bativeness, are inclined to conform to establish usages ; with large Size, must have everything in rows, at proper distances, ORDEK. 167 straight, etc. ; and with large Ideality, must have everything neat and nice as well as methodical, etc. rULL.— If educated to business habits, evince a good degree of method, and disposition to sympathize, but without practice may sometimes show laxity ; with a powerful mentality, but weaker muscles, may like to have things in order, yet do not al- ways keep them so ; with large Causality added, show more mental than physical order ; with large mental organs, like to have religious matters, codes or discipline, etc., rigidly ob- served, and have more moral than personal method ; with Ac- quisitiveness and percex)tives large, are sufficiently methodical for all practical business purposes, yet not extra particular. Fig. 83.— Large. Fig. 84.— Small. AVERAGE.— Like order, yet may not always keep it, and desire more than practically secure. MODERATE.— Are very apt to leave things where they were last used, and lack method ; with Ideality moderate, lack per- sonal neatness, and should cultivate this desirable element by being more particular. SMALL.— Hai-e a very careless, inacciuate way of doing everything ; leave things where it happens ; can never find what is wanted ; take a long time to get ready, or else go unprepared, and have everything in perpetual confusion. VERY SMALL.— Are almost wholly destitute of this arrang- ing power and desire. 168 CALCULATION. TO CULTIVATE.— Methodize and arrange everything ; he regular in all your hahits ; cultivate system in business; have a place for everything, and Itoep everything in place, so that you could find it in the dark— in short, exercise order. TO EESTBAIN.— Work and worry less to keep order, ior it costs more to keep it than it is worth ; you waste your very life and strength in little niceties of order which, after all, amount to little, but are costing you your sweetness of temper and very life itself. ■30. -CALCULATION. Cognizance of numbers ; ability to reckon figures in the head ; mental arithmetic. Adapted to the relations of numbers. Fig. S.'i— r.AKOE. Fig. 86-Smah,. VERY LARGE.— I'ossess this calculating capability in a most extraordinary degree ; can add several columns at onco vejy rapidly and correctly, and multiply and divide with the same intuitive powers ; love mental arithmetic exceedingly, and with large reflectives a natui'al mathematician. LARGE.— Excel in mental arithmetic, in adding, subtract- ing, multiplying, dividing, reckoning figures, casting accounts, etc., in the head ; with large perceptivcs, have excellent busi- ness talents ; and large Locality and Causality added, excel in mathematics. FULL.— Possess good calculating powers; with practice, can calculate in the head or by arithmetical rules easily and accu- LOCALITY. 169 rately, yet without practice are not remarkable ; witli large Form, Size, Comparisoi!, Causality, and Constructiveness, can be a good geometrician or mathematician, yet will do bettor in higher branches than merely the arithmetical. AVERAGE.— Can learn arithmetic and do quite well by practice, yet are not naturally gifted in mental arithmetic. MODEEATE.— Add, subtract, divide, and calculate with dif- ficulty ; and with large Acquisitiveness and peroeptives, will make a better salesman than book-keeper. SJIALL.— Are dull and incorrect in adding, subtracting, di- viding, etc. ; dislike figuring ; are poor in arithmetic, both practical and theoretical, and .should cultivate this faculty. VE.RY SMALL.— Can hardly count, much less calculate. TO CULTIVATE.— Add, subtract, divide, multiply, coimt, and reckon figures in the head as far as possible, and learn and practice arithmetic. TO RESTRAIN is rarely ever necessary. Avoid counting everything. 31. -LOCALITY. Cognizance of place; recollection of the looks of places, roads, scenery, and the location of objects ; where on a page ideas are to be found, and position generally ; the geographical faculty ; desire to see places, and have the ability to find them. Adapted to nature's arrangement to space and place. Per- verted, it creates a cosmopolitio disposition and would spend everything in traveling. VERY LARGE. — Always keep a correct idea of the relative and absolute position, either in the deep forests or the winding street; can not be lost; are perfectly enamored with travel- ing ; have literally a passion for it. LARGE.— Remember the whereabouts of whatever they see ; can carry the points, of the compass easily in the head, and are lost ■n'ith difficulty either in the city, woods, or country ; desire to see places, and never forget them ; study geography and as- tronomy TvitTi ease ; and rarely forget where things are seen ; TOth Constructiveness, remember the arrangement of the var- ious parts of a machine ; with Individuality, Eventuality, and 170 r^OCALITY. Human Nature, love to see men and things as well as. places, and hence have a passion for traveling. rULL.— Eemember places well, yet not extraordinarily so ; can generally find the way, yet may sometimes he lost or con- fused ; with large Eventuality, remember facts better than places.. AVERAGE.— EecoUect places and positions seen several times, yet in city or roads are occasionally lost ; have no great geographical talent, yet by study and practice can do tolerably well. MODERATE.— Recollect places rather poorly ; dare not trust to local memory in strange places or large cities ; are not nat- Fig. 87.— LARGE. Fig. 88.— Small. urally good in geography, and to excel in it must study hard ; should energetically cultivate this faculty by localizing every- thing, and remembering just how things are placed. SMALL.— Are decidedly deficient in finding places, and re- collect them with diiiticulty even when perfectly familiar with them. VERY SMALL.— Must stay at home unless, accompanied by others, because unable to find the way back. TO CULTIVATE.— Notice, as you go, turns in the road, land-marks, and objects by the way, geography, and the points of compass, when you see things, and charge your memory LITEHAItY FACULTIES. 171 where on a page certain ideas or accounts stand recorded, and position in general, and study geography, by maps and travel- ing, the location of anatomical and phrenological organs, and positions or place in general. TO EESTEAIN.— Settle down^ and give over your restless, roving desire to travel. IX.-LITERARY FACULTIES, consisting of Eventuality, Time, Tune, Language. These collect information, anecdotes, and remember matters of fact in general, and give what is called a good memory. Adapted to facts, dates, and the communication of ideas and feelings. TO CULTIVATE.-Read, study, inform yourself, read the papers ; keep pace with the improvements of the day ; study history, and the experimental .sciences ; and pick u:p and store whatever kind of knowledge in your line of business, and of matter-of-fact knowledge that comes in yovir way ; Avrite your thoughts in a daily journal or for the press ; join a lyceum or debating society, and read history or science with a view to re- member its substance, for the purpose of using it in argument ; remember the news, and tell it to your friends ; in short, read, write and talk. TO RESTRAIN.— Read and study less, but divert yoiu: mind from books and business by cultivating the other faculties, and especially physical forces, and never read, or study, or write at nights. 3 2 .-EVENTUALITY. Memory of facts ; recollection of circumstances, news, oc- currences, and historical, scientific, and passing events ; what has been said, seen, heard, or once known. Adapted to ac- tion, or those changes constantly occurring around or mth- in us. VERY LARGE.— Possess a wonderfully retentive memory of everything like facts and incidents; with large Language and Imitation, tell a story admirably, and excel in fiction, etc. ; have a craving thirst for knowledge, and literally devour books and newspapers, nor allow anything once in the mind to escape it. 172 KVKNTnAl.lTY, LARGE.— Have a clear and retentive memory of historical facts, general knowledge, what lias been seen, hoard, read, done, etc., even in detail considering advantages, are well in- formed and knowing; desire to witness and institute experi- ments ; find out what is and lias l)ccn, and learn anecdotes, par- ticulars, and items of information, and readily recall to mind what has once entered it ; have a good general niiitter-of-fact memory, and pick nj) facts readily ; with Calculation and Ac- quisitiveness, remember business matters, bargains, etc. ; with large social feelings, recall friends to mind, and what they have said and dojie; ajid with large Locality, associate facts with the place where they transpii'ed, and ai-o particularly fond of reading, lectures, general news, etc., and can become a good scholar. Fig. 89.— T.ARCB. Fig. 90.— Smalu .' FULL.— Have a good general memory of matters and things, yet it is considerably effected by cultivation— that is, have a good memory if it is habitually exercised— if not, only an indifferent one; with lai'ge Locality, recollect facts by asso- ciating them with the jilace, or by recollecting where on a page they are narrated ; with large reflectives, lemcmbor prin- ciples better than facts, and facts by associating them with their princiiilcs ; and with large Language, tell a story (iuito well. AVEEAGE.— Recollect leading events and interesting par- TIME. 173 tioulars, yet are ratlior deficient in memory of items and de- tails, except when it is well cultivated. MODERATE.— Are rather forgetful, especially in details; and with, moderate Individuality and Language, tell a story very poorly, and should cultivate memory by its exercise. SMALL. — Have a treacherous and confused memory of cir- cumstances ; often forget what is wanted, what was intended to he said, done, etc. ; have a poor command of knoAvledge, are unable to swear jiositively to details, and should stren- uously exercise this remembeiing power. VERY SiNIALL.— Forget almost everything, both general and particulars. TO CULTIVATE.— Charge yovrr mind with whatever tran- spires ; remember what you read, see, hear, and often recall and re-impress it, so tliat you can swear definitely in a court of justice; also, impress on your mind what you intend to do and say at given times ; read history and study mythology with a view of weaving such knowledge into the every-day affairs of life ; Cell anecdotes, recount incidents in your own life, iDutting in all the little particulars ; write down what you would remember, yet only to impress it, but trust to memory rather than to manuscript. TO RESTRAIN.— Read less ; never allow yourself to re- count the painful vicissitudes of life, or to renew i^ast jiain by remembrance, for this does only damage ; but when you find your mind running on painful subjects, change it to something else, and forget whatever in the past is saddening. 33.-TIME. Cognizance and recollection of duration and suoces.sion, the lapse of time, when things occurred, etc., and ability to carry the time of the day in the head ; punctuality. Adapted to periodicity. Perverted, it is excessively pained by bad time in music and not keeping steps in walking, etc. VERY LARGE.— Can wake up at any pre-appointed hour, tell the time of day by intuition almost as correctly as wth a time-piece, and the time that transpired between one event and another, a natural chronologist. LARGE.— Can generally toll when things occurred, at least 174 TIME. the Older of events, and the length of time between one oc- currence and another, etc. ; tell the time of day without time- piece or sun, well ; and keep an accurate chronology in the mind of dates general and particular ; with large Eventuality, rarely forget appointments', meetings, etc , and a good historian. FULL.— With cultivation, can keep time in music, and also the time of day in the head (luite oori'octly, yet not exceed- ingly so. AVERAGE.— With practice, have a good memory of dates and successions, yet without it are rather deficient. Fig. 91.— Large. Fig. 92.— Small. MODERATE.— Have a somewliat imperfect idea of time and dates; with moderate Individuality, Eventuality, and Lan- guage, a poor historian. SMALL.— Fail to keep the correct time in the head, or awalten at appointed times; have a confused and indistinct idea of the time when things transpired, and forget dates. VERY SMALL.— Are almost wholly destitute of this faculty. TO CULTIVATE.— Peri odize everything; rise, retire, pros- ecute your business, everything by the clock ; appropriate par- ticular times to particular things, and deviate as seldom as possible; in short, cultivate perfect regularity in all your habits, as it respects time. TUNE. 175 TO EESTEAIN.— Break in upon your tread-mi]l jnonotony, and deviate now and then, if only for diversion, from your monotonous routine. 34.-TUNE. The music instinct and faculty ; ability to learn and remem- ber tunes by rote. Adapted to the musical octane. Perver- sion—excessive fondness for music to the neglect of other things. VERY LARGE.— Possess extraordinary musical taste and talent, and are literally transported by good music ; and with large Imitation and Constructiveness, fair time, and a line Fig. 93.-LAEGE. Mg. 94.— Small. temperament, an exquisite performer ; learn tunes by hear- ing them sung once; sing in spirit and wth melting pathos; show intuitive taste and skill ; sing from the soul to the soul. LARGE.- Love music dearly ; have a nice conception of concord, discord, melody, etc., and enjoy all kinds of music ; and with large Imitation, Constructiveness, and Time, can make most kinds, and play v.-ell on, musical instruments ; with large Ideality, impart a richness and excuiisiteness to musical performances; have a fine ear for music, and are tormented by discord, but delighted by concord, and take a great amount of pleasure in the exercise of this faculty ; -^rfth large Com- bativeness and Destructiveness, love martial music ; with 176 LAXGUAQE. large Veneration, sacred music ; with large Adhesiveness and Amativeness, social and parlor music ; Avith large Hope, Vene- ration, and disordered nerves, plaintiye, solemn music, etc. FULL.— Have a good musical ear and talent ; can learn tunes by rote quite well: and with large Ideality, Imitation, and Firmness, can be a good musician, yet wall require prac- tice. AVERAGE.— Have fair musical talents, yet, to be a good musician, require considerable practice ; can learn tunes by rote, yet with some difficulty ; with large Ideality and Imita- tion, may be a good singer or player, yet are indebted more to art than nature, show more taste than sldll, and love music better than can make it. MODERATE.— Have no great natuial taste or talent for music, yet, aided by notes and practice, may sing and play quite well, but will be rather mechanical ; lack that pathos and feeling which reach the soul. SMALL.— Learn to sing or play tunes with great difficulty, and that mechanically, without emotion or effect. VERY SMALL.— Have scarcely any musical Idea or feeling, so little as hardly to tell Yankee Doodle from Old Hundred. TO CULTIVATE.-Try to sing ; learn tunes by ear ; prac- tice vocal and instrumental music, and givOvyourself up to the spirit and sentiment of the piece ; attend concerts, listen appre- ciatingly and feelingly to gifted performers, and cultivate the soul of music. TO RESTRAIN.— Give relatively less time and feeling to music, and more to other things. 3 5. -LANGUAGE. The expression of all mental operations by words, written or .spoken, by gestures, looks, and actions ; the communicating faculty and instinct in general. Adapted to man's requisition for holding communication wdth man. Perversion— verbosity, pleonasm, circumlocution, excessive talkativeness, telling what does harm, etc. VERY LARGE.— Are exceedingly expressive in all they say and do ; have a most expressive countenance, eye, and manner LANGUAGE. 177 in everytWng ; have a most emphatic way of saying and doing everything, and thoroughly impress the various operations of their own minds on the minds of others ; use the very word required hy the occasion ; are intuitively grammatical, even without study, and say oratorioally whatever they attempt to say at all ; commit to memory hy reading or hearing once or twice; learn languages with remarkahle facility; are both fluent and copious, even redundant and verbose; witli large or very large Imitation, add perfect action, natural language, and gesticulation to perfect verbal expression ; with large Ideality, are elegant and eloquent ; and with large Individuality, Event- uality. Comparison, and organic quality added, possess natural Fig. 95.— LARGE. Fig. 96.— Smali.. Language large, pushes the eye forward and downward, showing fullness helow and jirominenoe of the eye-ball. speaking talents of the highest order ; say the very thing, and in the very way ; choose words almost as by inspiration, and evince the highest order of communicating capacity. LARGE.— Express ideas and feelings well, both verbally and in writing ; can learn to speak languages easily ; recollect words, and commit to memory well ; have freedom, copious- ness, and power of expression ; with large Amativoness, use tender, winning, persuasive words ; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, severe and cutting expressions; with large moral faculties, words expressive of moral sentiments; with large Acquisitiveness, describe in glowing colors what is 178 LANGUAGE. y for sale ; with large Ijieality, employ richness and beauty of expression, and love p6§try and oratory exceedingly ; with large Imitation, express thoughts and emotions by gesticu- lation ; with activity great and Secretivenoss small, show in the 1oo1j:s the thoughts and feelings passing in the mind ; with large rtflsctive faculties, evince thought and depth in the countenance ; with large Comparison, use just the words which convey the meaning intended; with large Ideality, Individ- uality, Eventuality, Comparison, and the mental temperament, can make an excellent editor or newspaper writer ; and with large Causality added, a philosophical writer. PULL.— Say well what is said at all, yet are not garrulous ; with small Secretivenoss, speal< without qualifications, and also distinctly and pointedly ; express the manifestations of the lai'ger faculties with much force, yet not of the smaller ones ; with large Secretiveness and Cautiousness, do not always speak to the purpose, and make ideas fully understood, but use rather non-committal expressions ; with large Comparison, Human Nature, Causality, Ideality, activity, organic quality, and power, have first-rate writing talents, and can speak well, yet large Secretiveness impairs speaking and writing talents by rendering them wordy and non-committal. AVERAGE.— Have fair communicating talents, yet not extra ; with activity great and Secretiveness small, speak right out, and to the purpose, yet are not eloquent, and use common- place words and expressions ; with large Individuality, Event- uality, and Comparison, and moderate Secretiveness, can make an excellent writer by practice ; use none too many words, but express itself clearly and to the point ; with largo Causality, have more thought than language ; with moderate Individu- ality and Eventuality, find it difficult to say just what is desired, and are not fully and easily understood ; with large Ideality, have more beauty and elegance than freedom. MODERATE.— Are not particularly expressive in words, actions, or countenance, nor ready in communicating ideas and sentiments ; with large Ideality, Eventuality, Comparison, activity, and power, may succeed well as a writer, yet not as a speaker ; with large Causality and moderate Eventuality, have abundance of thoughts, but find it quite difficult to cast them into sentences, or bring in the right adjectives and EEFLECTIVE OR REASONING FACULTIES. 179 phrases at the right time ; are good in matter, yet poor in delivery ; commit to memory with difficulty, and fail to make ideas and feelings fully understood, and to excite like organs in others; with large Eventuality, Locality, Form, and Com- parison, may he fair as a linguist, and learn to read foreign languages, yet learn to speak them with difficulty, and are hax- ren in expression, however rich in matter. SMALL.— Have poor lingual and communicative talents ; hesitate for words; speak with extreme difficulty and very awkwardly, and should cultivate this faculty by talking and writing much. VERY SMiALL.— Can hardly remember or use words at all, or even remember their meaning. TO CULTIVATE.— Talk, write, speak as much, as eloquent- ly, as well as you can ; often change clauses with a view to improving sentences ; erase unnecessary and improper words, and choose the very words exactly expressive of the desired meaning ; throw feeling and expression into all you say— into action, and expressions of countenance ; study languages and the classics, but especially fluency in yovw mother tongue ; narrate incidents ; tell what you have heard, seen, read, done ; debate ; if religious, lead in religious exercises- anything, everything to discipline and exercise this faculty. TO RESTRAIN.— Talk less ; never break in when others are talking ; lop off redundancies, pleonasms, and embellishments, and use simple instead of bombastic expressions. X.~REFLECTIVE OR REASONING FACULTIES, consisting of Causality, Comparison,, Hunian Nature, Agree- ablenes's. These give a Philosophizing, Penetrating, Investigating, Originating cast of mind; ascertain Causes and abstract Rela- tions ; Contrive, Invent, Originate ideas, give intuitive judg- ment of character, etc. Adapted to the first principles, or laws of things. TO CULTIVATE.— Muse, meditate, ponder, reflect on, think, study, and pry deep into the abstract principles and nature of things. 180 CAUSALITY. TO RESTKAIN.— Theorize less, and give more time to tlie otliev faculties. 36.-CAUSALITy. Perception and application of Causation ; Thought ; Origi- nality ; Comprehensiveness of mind ; Forethought the Re- source-creating power; adaptation of ways and means to ends. Adapted to nature's institutes, plans, cause, and effect. Per- verted, it reasons in favor of untruth and injurious ends. VEKY LARGE.— Possess this cause-seeking and ax)p!ying power to an extraordinary degree ; perceive by intuition those deeper relations of things which escape common minds ; Fig. 97.— IjAbge. Pig. 98.— Small. are profound in philosophy, and deep and powerful in reason- ing, and have great originality of mind and strength of under- standing. LARGE.— Desire to know the why and wherefore of things, and to investigate their laws; reason clearly and correctly from causes to effects, and from facts to their causes : have uncommon capabilities of planning, contriving, inventing, creating, resources, and making the head save the hands ; kill two birds with one stone; predicate results, and ariange things so as to succeed ; synthetize, and put things together well ; with large Ccmbativeness, love to argue ; with large perceptives, are quick to perceive facts and conditions, and CAUSALITY. 181 reason powerfully and correctly from them ; with Comparison and Conscientiousness large, reason f oreibly on moral truths ; with the selfish faculties strong, will so adapt ways and means as to serve personal pui-poses ; with moderate perceptives, excel more in principles and philosophy than facts, and remem- ber laws better than details ; with Comparison and Human Nature large, are particu]a,rly fond of mental philosophy, and excel therein; with Individuality and Eventuality only moder- ate, are guided more by reason than experience, by laws than facts, and arrive at conclusions more from reflection than observation ; with large perceptives, possess a high order of practical sense and sound judgment ; with large Comparison and moderate Eventuality, remember thoughts, inferences, and subject-matter, but forget items; with the mental tem- perament and Language moderate, make a much gi'eater imi.ression upon mankind by action than expressions, by deeds than words, etc. EULL.— Have good cause-seeking and applying talents; reason, and adapt ways and means to ends, well ; with large perceptives. Comparison, activity, and thought, possess ex- cellent reasoning powers, and show them to flrst-rate advan- tage ; with moderate perceptives and large Secretiveness, can plan better than reason ; with large Acquisitiveness and moderate Constructiveness, lay excellent money-making, bvxt poor mechanical plans, etc. AVERAGE.— Plan and reason well in conjunction with the larger faculties, but poorly with the smaller ones ; with mod- erate AooLuisitiveness, lay poor money-making plans ; but with large Conscientiousness, reason well on moral subjects, espe- cially if Comparison is large, etc. MOD EE ATE.— Are rather deficient in discerning and apply- ing causes; perceive them when presented by other minds, yet do not originate them ; with activity and perceptives large, may do well in the ordinary routine of business, yet fail in difficult matters. SMALL.— Are deficient in reasoning and planning power; need perpetual telling and showing; seldom arrange things beforehand, and then poorly; should work under others; lack force of idea and strength of understanding. VERY SMALL.— Are idiotic in reasoning and planning. 182 COMPARISON. TO CULTIVATE.— First, and mainly, study nature's causes and effects, adaptations, laws, both in general and in those particular departments in which you may feel any special interest ; think, muse, meditate, reason, give yourself up to the influx of new ideas ; plan ; adapt ways and means to ends ; endeavor to ihink up the best ways and mea,ns of overcoming difificulties and bringing about results ; especially study Phren- ology and its philosophy, for nothing is equally suggestive of original ideas, or as explanative of nature's laws and first principles. TO RESTRAIN— which is rarely necessary— divert your mind from abstract thought by engaging more in the practi- cal and real, nor allow any one thing, as inventing perpetual motion, or reasoning on any particular subject, to engross too much attention. 3 7. -COMPARISON. Inductive reasoning ; ability and disposition to analyze," classify, compare, draw inferences, etc. Adapted to nature's classifications of all her works. Perverted, is too redundant in proverbs, fables, and figures of sjieech. VERY LARGE.— Possess this analyzing, criticising, and inductive faculty in a truly wonderful degree ; illustrate with great clearness and facility from the known to the unknown ; discover the deeper analogies which pervade nature, and have an extraordinary power of discerning new truths ; with large Individuality, Eventuality, and activity, have a great faculty of making disco veries ; with large Language, use words in their exact meaning, a natural philologist ; with full Lan- guage, explain things plausibly and correctly. LARGE.— Reason clearly and correctly from conclusions and scientific facts up to the laws wliich govern them ; discern the known from the unknown; detect error by its incongru- • ity with facts ; have an excellent talent for comparing, ex- plaining, expounding, criticising, exposing, etc. ; employ similes and metaphors Avell ; put this and that together, and draw correct inferences from them ; with large Continuity, use well-sustained flgiu-es of speech, but with small Continuity, drop the figure before it is finished ; with large Individuality, Eventuality, activity, and power, have a scientific cast of mind ; with large Veneration, reason about God and his COMPARISON. 18;{ works ; with large Language, use words in tlieir exact signifi- »ation; with large Mirthfulncss, strike the nail upon the head in all criticisms, and hit off the oddities of people to admira- tion ; A\ith large Ideality, evince beauty, taste, and propriety of expression, etc. FULL.— Possess a full share of clearness and demonstrative power, yet with largo Causality, and only moderate Language, can not explain to advantage ; with large Eventuality, reason wholly from facts; with moderate Language, fail in giving the precise meaning to words ; and make good analytical I discriminations. AVERAGE.— Show this talent in a good degree in conjunc- tion with the larger organs, but poorly in reference to the smaller ones. MODERATE.— Rather fail in explaining, clearing up points, putting things together, drawing inferences, and even use words incorrectly ; with Individuality and Eventuality mod- erate, show much mental weakness ; Mith largo Causality, have good ideas, but make wretched work in expressing them, and can not be understood ; with Mirthfulness full or large, try to make jokes, but they are always ill-tinied and inappro- priate. SMALL.— Have a poor talent for drawing inferences; lack appro]) riaten ess in everything, and should cultivate this facultj. 184 HUM.VN NATURE. VERY SMALL.— Have little, and stow almost none, of this clement. TO CULTIVATE.-Put this and that together, and draw inferences; spell out truths and results from slighter data; observe effects, \\ith a view to deduce conclusion therefrom; study logic and metaphysics, theology and ethics included, and draw nice discriminations; explain and illustrate your ideas clearly and coijiously, and exercise it in whatever form circumstances may reciuire. TO RESTRAIN.— Keep back redundant illustrations and amplifications, and be careful to base important deductions on data amply sufficient. C.-HUMAN NATURE. Discernment of character ; perception of motives : intuitive physiognomy. Adapted to man's need of knowing his fellow- men. Perverted, it produces suspiciousness. Fig. lOl.-LARGE. Fig. 102.-SMAM.. VERY LARGE.— Form a correct judgment as to the charac- ter; with Individuality and Comparison large, notice all at the first glance as if by intuition ; may also trust first impressions ; a natviral physiognomist ; and with Agreeablo- ness large, know just when and how to take men, and hood- wink if they choose; and with Seoretiveness added, but Con- scientiousness moderate, are oily and palavering, and flatter HUMAX NATURE. 185 their victim— that, serpent-like, salivate before they swallow ; with Comparison and organic quality laige or very large, dearly love the study of human nature, piactically and theo- retically, and therefore of mental philosophy and Phrenology, etc. Li\RGE.— Read men intuitively from their looks, conversa- tion, manners, and walk, and other kindred sighs of charac- ior; with Idividuality and Comparison large, notice all the little things they do, and form a correct estimate from them, and should follow first impressions respecting persons; with full Secretiveness and large Benevolence added, know just how to take men, and possess much power over mind ; with iNlirihfulness and Ideality large, see all the faults of people, and make much fun over them ; with Comparison large, have a talent for metaphysics, etc. FULL.— Read chanicter guite well from the face and exter- nal signs, yet are sometimes mistaken ; may generally follow first impressions safely ; love to study character ; with Ideality and Adhesiveness large, appreciate the excellences of friends; with Parental Love large, of children ; with Comhativeness and Conscientiousness very large, all the faults of people; and with only average Adhesiveness, form few friendships, in consequence of detecting so many blemishes in character, etc. AVERAGE.— Have fair talents for reading character, yet not extra, and should cultivate it. MODERATE.— Fail somewhat in discerning character ; occa- sionally form wrong conclusions concerning people ; should be more suspicious, watch people closely, especially those minor signs of character dropped when off their guard ; have ill-timed remarks and modes of addressing people, and often say and do things which have a different effect from that intended. SMALL.— Are easily imposed upon by others ; with large Conscientiousness and small Secretiveness, think everybody tells the truth ; are too confiding, and fail sadly in knowing where and how to take things. VERY SMALL.— Know almost nothing about human nature. TO CULTIVATE.— Scan closely all the actions of men, with a view to ascertain their motives and mainsprings of action ; look with a sharp eye at man, woman, child, all you ISG AGREEAliLilNEbS. meet, as if you would road them through ; note particularly the expression of the eye, as if you would imhibe what it signifies ; say to yourself, What faculty prompted this expres- sion or that action ; drink in the general looks, attitude, natu- ral language, and manifestation of the man, and yield yourself to the impressions naturally made on you— that is, study hu- man natvu-e -both as a philosophy and as a sentiment, or as if being impressed thereby ; especially study Phrenology, for no study of human nature at all compares with it, and be more suspicious. TO EESTE.AIN.— Be less suspicious, and mere confidential. D.-AGREEABLENESS. Persuasiveness, pleasantness, blandness. Adapted to please and win others. Fig. 103.— Lakgk. Fig, 104.— Small. VERY LARGE.— Are peculiarly wining and fascinating in manners and coversation, and delight even oi>ponents. LARGE.— Have a pleasing, persuasive, conciliatory mode of addressing people, and of saying things ; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, are generally liked; with Comparison and Human Natm-e large, say unacceptable things in an acceptable manner, and sugar over expressions and actions. FULL.— Are pleasing and persuasive in manner, and with Ideality large, polite and agreeable, except when the repelling AGEBEABLENKSS. 187 faculties are strongly excited ; with small Secretiveiiess, and strong Ccmbativeness and activity, are generally pleasant, but when angry are sharp and blunt ; with large Benevolence, Adhesiveness, and Mii-thfulness, are excellent company. AVERAGE.— Have a good share of pleasantness in conversa- tion and appearance, except when the selfish faculties are ex- cited, but are then repulsive. MODERATE.— Are rather deficient in the pleasant and per- suasive, and should by all means cultivate this faculty by smoothing over all said and done. SMALL.— Say even pleasant things very unpleasantly, and- fail sadly in winning the good graces of people. VERY SMALL.— Are almost totally deficient in this faculty. TO CULTIVATE.— First try to feel agreeable, and express those feelings in as pleasant and bland a manner as jjcssible ; study and practice jioliteness as both an art and a science ; compliment what in others you can find worthy, and render yourself just as acceptable to those around you as lies in yom; power. TO RESTRAIN is rarely necessary. REES FOE mm THE OEGABS. Whoever has this book, will have, following the title page, the large picture of the head, phrenologically divided and the organs named. And in a well-proportioned and well- balanced head the organs will be found located about as they are in this figure of the perfect head. Some nationalities have longer and some broader and shorter heads, and one has to study the anatomical peculiarities of the heads, to re-locate the organs. We recommend the study of this head to all who want to study real heads. It should be understcod that tJie brain is composed of two hemispheres, or halves, the right and the left, and that the organs are double, one being situated in each hemisphere of the brain, and corresponding in position to each other. The organs located in the middle line, from the root of the nose to the back of the head, where the two halves of the brain lie together, are double. They are the same, as they are located, one on each of the line. In looking at the phrenological head, on page 3, the organs Benevolence, Veneration and Self-Esteem and others all the way over seem to be narrow, but that is in consefiuence of the fact that we are looking at them in perspective. Imagine another just such picture brought against the other side of this, and there would be another row of organs of the same najne lying side by side with those. Cautiousness, Combativeness, Alimentiveness, and all the organs on the side head are situated alike on both sides. So, on each half of the brain, dividing it from front to rear, each organ is represented. If one draws an imaginary line from the opening of the ear to the top of the head, it will be found to rest on the front part of Firmness. From Firmness, Self-Esteojn and Venera- tion and Conscientiousness can be located. Observe where Cautiousness is situated on this bust picture, ■and then look at the cut illusti-ating Cautiousness and observe 189 190 EULEg FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. the width of the head at that point ; that width shows large Caution. Between the organ of Caution and Self -Esteem Approbative- ness is located, and Self-Esteem occupies, on a full-sized head, fully two inches in ^vidth. On the bust picture, draw or imagine a line from the open- ing of the ear to the place where Benevolence is situated, and apply that thought and that line to the living head, and Veneration, between Benevolence and Firmness, can readily be located. To locate Parental Love, observe the sharp, bony point which some people have quite prominently developed, in the middle of the lower part of the back head ; it is called the occipital spine. This corresponds to the base of the cerebrum or large brain. People come to us asking what " bump " that is ; another will tell us that it was made by falling on the ice: he never noticed it before, and it didn't go away ; the truth is, he didn't know he had it, till, by falling on the ice, this sha,rp point cut a hole through the scalp, making it feel very sore, and by continually examining it he thought as it didn't go away and he never noticed it before, it must have been made by the fall. Perhaps one half of the heads will not show that very distinctly. The object of that point is to aid in the fastening of the muscles of the back of the neck to the skull. Just above this point is located Philoprogenitive- ness, and below that point, Amativeness is located, and it widens from the center almost around to the ears. In the skull, (Fig. 6,) just below and back of the opening of the ear, will be found a bony bunch or prominence. If the reader will put his fingers behind the lower part of his ear he will find the same bone, which projects entirely below the brain, and its object is the fastening of the muscle of the side of the neck, called the sterno-clido-mastoidean muscle and the bone is called the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Many people think that this is the organ of Combativeness. Thirty years ago a medical student came in to brow-beat us, and said that we didn't know any better than to locate Combativeness in the mastoid process ; we suppose somebody told him so, and he had the luck and the ill-luck to ventilate his ignorance where he could be instructed. When we have located Parental Love, Firmness and EULES FOE FINDING THE OEUANS. 191 Benevolence on the central line of the head from the root of Ihe nose over, we then locate Individuality, above the root of the nose, and there are three organs between Individuality and Benevolence. Drawing a line directly vipward from the opening of the car, it crosses Destructiveness and Secretiveness, the first located directly above the opening of the ear. Destructive- ness is indicated by wideness of the head from side to side, so is Secretiveness and Cautiousness, yet the true way to study the line of development of the organs is to draw an imaginary line from the opening of one ear to that of the other, through the head, and half way between the opening of the ears, the capital of the spinal cord would be found, which is called the medulla oblongata. The direction of the development of the organs should be in a line from that central point, or half way between the ears to the location of the organs on the head, so that if we increase the size of Destructiveness, it throws the organ directly on a level, SAxnj from the center of the brain, that of Secretiveness a little upward from the level and Cautiousness still more upward and a little backward; then the development of Self -Esteem will be iipward and backward, as Firmness will be upward, and Benevolence upward and forward, and Parental Love nearly on a level backward, a little above, however, the line of the level. If one will take the living head or the phre- nological bust, and point with a pencil from the center of any organ towards this central point of the brain the dii'ection of the development of Cautiousness will be upward, outward and backward. The direction of Amativeness is downward and backward. Do not look for bumps or protuberances ; look lor distance from a point half way between the opening of the ears to the location of the organ ; the best heads are as smooth as a billiard ball, and if the organs are equally developed, there is no occasion for hills and hollows. In Acquisitiveness, study for wideness and for a slightly upward and forward direction ; viewing the head from the front, Constructiveness and Ideality show wideness and fullness from side to side ; the organs along the top head on each side of the line of Benevolence, Veneration and Firmness if large, will level up the top head. Notice Figs. 51 and 52. 192 RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. The organs of MirtMulness, Ideality, Sublimity and Cautiousness, fill up the upper, outer corner of the head, so to speak, and give it width on the top and squareness. See Fig. 37, how broad the side head, how low and narrow the top head, the selfish i>ropensities in the side head being enormously developed, the moral and eslhetical faculties being deficient. See the contrast with Fig. 38. In Fig. 53 we have the moral organs large, and the organs in the side head deficient so that the head looks flattened on the sides in contra.st with Fig. 54. Approbativenoss gives broadness, elevation, an outward and baclcward and upward development of the region of its location on either side of Self-Estecm. See Figs. 47 and 48. When Self-Esteem is larger than Approbativenoss, the head slopes each way rapidly ; when Approbativeness is much larger than Self- Esteem, there is a flat or level spot clear across the head, Self-Esteem, which should be the keystone of the arch, is depressed while the outer portions at Approbativeness are elevated. 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ByBenj Ferris. $1,90. Man in Genesis and in IGeoloyy, or, the Biblical Account of Man's Ctex- tion tested by Scientific Theorier of his Origin and Antiquity, by J. P. Thompson, D. D. , LU D. fl.OQ. THE HUMAN NATURE LIBRARY DEVOTED TO WHAT MOST CONCEENS E03D-^- ^ISTID 3s^I3SriD. In this serial is published comprehensive papers on various topics relating- to the STUDY OF HUMAN NATURE and the development of character. Each number is complete in itself and devoted to a single subject. No. 1, April, 1881. Self-Beliance or Self-Esteem as an element in Human Character, its uses and culture. Illustrated. By Prof. Nelson Sizer. 10 cents. No. 3, Julj', 1887. Pheenology; its principles, pi-oofs, etc. A Lecture by Prof. J. F. Tracey. Containing 30 illus. 10 cents. No. 3, Oct., 1887. Physical Factors in Character, or the Influence of Temperament. By H. S. Draj'ton, M.D. Fully illus- trated. 10 cents. No. 4, Jan., 1888. The Choice of Occupation, or my Eight Place in Life, and How to Find it. By Nelson Sizer. 10 cents. No. 5, April, 1888. The Servant Question. Hints on the Choosing-ar.l Management of Servants. By H. S. Drayton. lOcents. No. 6. Ju'.y, 1888. Inventive Genius; or Constructiveness the Basis of Civilization and progress. By Prof. Nelson Sizer. 10 cents. No. 7, Oct., 1888. Integjiity oe Conscientiousness — Its Na- ture, and its Influence defined. By H. S. Drayton, M.D. 1*^ cents. No. 8, Dec, 1888. Who Should Marry; Right Selection in Marriage. The How and the V/hy. What temperaments and mental characteristics should unite in wedlock. Fully illustrated. By Nelson Sizer. 10 cents. No. 9, Jan., 1889. A Debate Among the Mental Faculties. By Prof. Nelson Sizer. 10 cents. No. 10, April, 1889. The Will; its Nature and Education. By John W. Shull. 10 cents. No. 11, July, 1889. Ambition or Approbativeness as a factor in Character. By Prof. Nelson Sizer. 10 cents. No. 12. A Complete Man ; How to Educate for Life. By H. S. Drayton, M.D. 10 cents. Subscription Price, 30c. for four Kos., or 10c. each by mail, postpaid. Address FOWLER & WELLS CO., IPublisliers, 775 Broaaway, N. 1, Should We Marry? aee we well-mated ? The most important question in connection with marrkgo should be in regard to mutual adaptation, physically, mentally ard morally. Phrenology explains this, and therefore should be consult^i}. There are many works on the subject that can be read profitably %U, but the best work specially relating to this is WEDLOCK; Or, The Relation of the Sexesr. A Scientific Treatise Disclosing the Laws of Conjugal Selection and Prenatal Influences, also Showing Who Ought and Who Ought Not to Marry. By Samuel R. Wells, author ^of *'New Physiog- nomy," "How to Eead Character," etc. $1.50; fancy gilt, ^2. To show something of the character of this work, we copy the following from the table of CONTENTS : QuaUfications for Blatrimony ; The "Right A^e to Marry ; Motives for Marryin^^ ; ftfar- na;k, and one which should be in the possession of ever?/ familii. — Beaver Dam-Iiepublican. Familiarity with its contents will save many dollars' worth of drugs, and avert Many weary days and months of sickness. — Musical World. The work embodies a vast amount of information in regard to the structure and diseases of the human frame, which will be read with profit.— iV. England Farmer. Not only are diseases described, and the appropriate treaimcnt pointed out, but nmmerous examples are given, which cannot fail to interest the reader, and prove a very acceptable family directory —Boston Traveler. It is exceedingly comprehensive, and well illustrated. It contains a great deal of information and sound advice, which every reader, whatever his viewt on medi- cine, would consider valuable. — New York Courier. A complete encyclopaedia of every disease to which the humar Tamily is heir, with the cure for each disease. — Day Book. The Author has brought together a mass of information .n rcfertnca to ths human structure, its growth and its treatment, which will render bia work of great ase to readers of all 'iasses and condilums.— Philadelphia Daily Times. Bonnd in heavy cloth, 58.00 ; library binding, $4.00. Agents wanted. ▲adrcaa, joWLEE & WELLS CO., 775 Broadway. N. i . Digestion I Dyspepsia. A Complete Explanation of the Physiology of the Digestive Processes, with the Symptoms and Treat- ment of Dyspepsia and other Disorders of the Digestive Organs. Illustrated. By R. T. TRALL, M.D. Bound in Muslin, - - Trice $1.00. By far the best work on tho subject ever published. With fifty Illustrations; showing with all possible full- ness every process of digestion, and giving all the causes, and directions for Treatment of Dyspepsia, a disorder which, in its various forms, is the cause oi nearly all the diseases frora which the human race is suffering. The following, from the Table of Contents, will show something of the nature and scope of the work : r«rt I.— I>ls:e«tIon.— Nutrition, InMlivatlon, The Teeth, Deglntition, Chyml- tcation, Chyllfication, Intestinal Digestion, Absorption of tho NutrleDt Mementi Aeration of the Food Mements, Part II.— Dyspepsia.— Natnre of Dyspepsia, Special Cause of Dyspepila, Jymptoms of Dyspepsia, Dyspepsia and Cachexies, Principles of Treatment, Food, Drink, Exercise, Bathing, clothing, Sleep, Ventilation, Light, Temperature, Mental fnflnences, Occupation, Tobacco Usins;, Tight Lacing, Fositlon and Malt>osltion, kppendix. The author gives the summary of the data which has been collected during an extensive practice of more than twenty-five years, very largely with patients v/ho were suffering from diseases caused by Dyspepsia and an impaired Digestion. It tells you what to eat and kow to eat tt ; what tj do and how to do it ; not what medicine to take and hoM to take it, to cure Dyspepsia. Let this " Nation of Dyspeptics " procure the Book and read it. For Sale by all BookseUers, and aeo't by mail, poct-paid, ua •reeipt of price, $1.00, by FOWLEE & WELLS CO., Publishers, 775 Broadway, New lort. OR, SIGNS OF CHARACTER. is manifested iu Temperament and External Forms, and especiallj in the Human Face Divine. By SAMUEL R. WELLS A comprehensive, thorough, and practical worlj, in ■which all that is known on the subject is Systemized, Explained, Illustrated, and Applied. Physiognomy is shown to be no mere fanciful speculation, but a con- sistent and well-considered system of Character-read- ing, based on the established truths of Physiology and Phr : ' iogy, and confirmed by Ethnology, as well as by tne peculiarities of individuals. It is no abstraction, but something to be made useful; something to be practiced by everybody and in all places, and made an efficient help in that noblest of all studies— Man. It is readily understood and as readily applied. The foUowine are some of the leading topics dis- cussed and explamed : Previous Sff»tetn» given, includiug those of all ancient and modern writers. General Principles of Physiog-noiny, or the Physiological laws on which character- readhi^' is* and must be based. Temperameitts,— The Ancient Doctrines Spurzheim's Description — The new Clas- .Jicatioa now iu use. Practical Pliy»iog;nomy» — Genera 1 Forms of Faces— The Eyes, the Mouth, the Nose, tlie Chin, the Jaws and Teeth, the Cheeks, the Forehead, the Hair and Beard, the Complexion, the Neck and Ears, the Hands and Feet, the Voice, the Walk, the Laugh, the Mode of Shaking Hands, Dress, •tc, with illustrations. X!thHolog-i/,— The Races, including the Caucasian, the North American Indians, the Mongolian, the Malay, and the African, with their numerous subdivisions ; also National Types, each illustrated. one can read this Book without interest, without real profit. " Knowl- edge is power,'' and this is emphatically true of a knowledge of men— of human character. He who has it is " master of the situation;" and anybody may have it who will, and find in it the " secret of success'' and the road to the largest personal improvement. Price, in one large Volume, of nearly 800 pages, and more than 1,000 en- gravings, on tonea paper, handsomely bound in embossed muslin, $5; in heavy calf, marbled edges, Turk«y morocco, full gilt, ipio. Agents do well canvassing for this work. Address BOWLER & WELLS CO., Publishers, 775 Broadway, New York. Phf/siog-nomff Applied — To Marriage to training Children, to Personal Improve ment, to Business, tj Insanity and Idiocy to Health and Disease, to Classes and Pro- fessions, and to Cfiaracter-Reading gen erally. Utility of Physiognomy. *Mnimal Types. — Grades of Intelligence, Instinct, and Keason — Animal Heads and Animal Types among Men. Oraplwmancy. — Character revealed in Hand-ATiting, witli Si'ecimens— Palmisti'y. Lineof Life " in the human hand. Character^Beading-- — 3Iore than a hun - dred noted Men and Women introduced— What Physiognomy says of them. The iilreat Secret.— How to be Healthy and How to be Beautiful — Mental Cosmet ics — very interesting, very useful. ,^rigtotle and St. JPaul.-'k Model Head — Views of Life — Illustrative Anecdotes- Detecting a Rogue by his Face. [Portraits from Life in " Heads and Faces."] . Janies Parton. No. 5. Emperor Paul of Russia. No. 9. General Nupicr. .. A. M. Rice. No. 6. George Eliot. No. 10. Otlio the Great. Will. JI. Evarts. No. 7. Kiuj? Krederiek the Strong. No. 11. African. General "Wisewell, No. 8. Prof. George Bush. JF YOU WANT SOMETHING will interest j'ou more than anything ycu have ever read anJ euabi to understand all the diflerences in people at a glance, by the " S^G^^ I HAEACTER," send for a copy of HEADS AND FACES; How to Study Them. A new Manual of Character Reading- for the people, by Prof. Nelson i; the Examiner in the phrenological office of Fowler & Wells Co., - York, and H. S. Drayton, Jl.U., Editor of the Phrenological RNAL. The authors know what they are writing about, Prof. Sizer ing devoted nearly fifty yeai's almost exclusively to the reading of ! acti-r and he here lays down the rules employed by him in liis pro- ional work. It will show you how to read people as you would a k, and to see if they are inclined to be good, upright, honest, true, kind, ■itable, loving, joyous, happy and trustworthy people, such as you lid like to know. knowledge of Human Nature would save many disappoiutmente i: ;;il and business life. This is the most comprehensive and popular work ever published fi price, 33,000 copies liaving-been .sold tlic first year. Contains SOUlarg- ivo pages and 350 portraits. Send for it and study the people you see ' your own character. It you are not satisfied after examining the k, you may return it, in good condition, and money will be re- ued to you. Wo will send it carefully by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, 40 cents, in paper, or §1 in cloth binding. Agents wanted. Address FOWLER & WELLS CO., Publishers, m Broadway, New YorL OHAMOTER FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. Many persons who reside at so ^reat a distance that they can not visit us, desiring to ava. themselves of our professional services, have written to us enclosing photoeraphs, requesting; our opinion of the character, talents, and proper pursuits of the originals. These requests becoming very numarous^ and the likenesses gener.dly bein^ taken in a man- ner not adapted to the purpose, we deemed it necessary to prepare a circular giving full instruc- tions how likenesses should be taken for examination ; also rulca for the measurement of head and body, and such other points of information as would form a basis of judgment in regard to temperament, constitution, and healf.h. This circular, called " Mirror of the Mind,** is illustrated by engravings showing the forms of many heads, with full directions for those desiring descriptions of character. Thousands have availed themselves of this method of learning their true character, and to what profession, trade, or occupation they are adapted ; and not a few have been saved from bad habits and wrong pursuits, as well as from unfavorable social and domestic alliances, by Bending the portraits of persons of whose real characters they desired to know more than they bad the time and opportunity to learn in the ordinary way. Parents consult us in regard to the choice of pursuits for sons, whether educational, mechan* ical, or agricultural ; or for djiughi:ers who must make their own way in the world, and who would know whether in a trade, art, or teaching they would be most successful. Many people are broken down in health and constitution, and need plain advice as to the proper means of recovery. Their physicians do not always tell them how to escape from their morbid conditions, because not employed to explain the case, but to treat and cure the patient. We aim to instruct the applicant, when necessary, as to the right mode of living to get lid of morbid conditions, and how to retain health and vigor by normal means. We have received likenesses for examination from English settlers at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, from New Zealand and Australia, from the West Indies, from England, Scot- land, Canada, Mexico, and scores of them from Oregon, California, and the Rocky Mountain settlements, as well as many from persons at shorter distances, yet so far that the cost of coming to New Vork would be far more than the cost of our professional services. The circular, " Mirror of the Mind,'* alluded to before, explains terms, etc., and will be sent promptly to all who request it. We have numerous letters testifying to the accuracy of these delineations, and the gre&t practical benefit derived from the advice and instruction imparted. A CASE IN POINT. A gentleman, who was a stranger to us, called at our office with the photographs of a gentle- man and a lady, which he desired us to examine carefully, and to write out our opinion of the character of each, and more particularly that of the gentleman, and to give our opinion as to the adaptation in marriage of the parties, the lady being his daughter. The gentleman did not tell his name or residence, or that of the purties m interest. We promised to have the matter ready in a few hours, and he retired. We then proceeded to prepare the statement, in which we described the young man as selfish, tyrannical, and inclined to be immoral, and quite unsuited to the lady. When the gentleman called for the document, he took it, sealed, and left without reading it. About a month afterward we received a letter from the father, addressed to the examiner which we copy : " Nei-son Sizer i—Dear Sir — In the latter part of March last, I was in the office of Fow- ler & Wells, and left with you two photographic likenesses (of a young man and young wom- an), to be examined in regard to their relative fitness for union in matrimony — more especially the young man. The study of the description I obtained from you, coupled with some recollec- tions I have of his habits and ways, led me to the conclusion that your delineation is, in every way. true and to ihs point. Thanking you a thousand times for tlie favor conferred on me, which 1 consider morein the light of a friendly act than otherwise, *' I remain, very truly yours, ' — _ ** Two years afterward the young lady called, made herself kp>wn, and varmly thanked us for having saved her from a sad misalliance. From another we have the following, written by a fond and anxious parent: " Fowler & Wells : Chicago^ Ul,^ Jciy ao, 1877. •*I have just received the *description of character ' written by you, for my son, from pho- tographs, and it would seem that you had known him from the cradle. He is peculiar ; a kind of mystery, but you describe him truly. Your advice as to his future business appears to be correct, for he has manifested talent in that direction. We desired to educate him for a pro- fession for which you say he has but little ability. We shall follow your advice in his case, and he is delighted that you encourage his preference. "Thankfully yours, S. H.'* All letters of inquiry should contain stamp for postage, and be addressed to FOWLER & WELLS CO., Publishers. ''''5 Broadway, N. Y.