ANGUS NOTITU : OR THE ENGLAND: REMARKS UPON The Ancient State thereof. By EDW. CHAMBERLATNE , Doftor of Laws. The Twentieth Edition, with Large Additions and Improvements. In Three Parts.. Spartam quitm tta&us eft banc ornat. L 9 N D 0 N, Printed by T. H.' for S : Smith and B. Wolford, M. Wottcn, G. Sawbridgt, B. Tool>t, D. Midwinter, and T. Leigh. And fold by 'Jama Round at the Semens Head in Ex¬ change /lilejj 1701. TO THE QUEF.N's Moft Excellent MAJESTY. MADAM , T HE Kings and Queens of England are fo neceflary to its Well-being, and fuch eflential Members of its Conftitution, that they mutt al¬ ways appear in the Front of a true Account of its Government.- For this Reafon, I took the Boldnds, when this Defcription of its Frefent State was firfi: publilhed, to dedi¬ cate it to your Majeft/s Royal Predeceflor of Glorious Memory, King Charles II. A z la Epifile 'Dedicatory. In that Princes time it met w ith (o favou¬ rable a Reception, that it was very many times reprinted. That Reception was chief¬ ly owing to the faithful Reprcfentation which 1 endeavour’d to give of the Nature of our Conilitution, and of the Blellings whicfl, under God, we owe to the mild and gracious Government of our Princes. If thefe were good Reafons why this im¬ perfect ElTay has fo often formerly been prefented to your. Majeily’s Predeceflors, there are many more which induce me to lay this twentieth Edition at your Majefly’s Feet. •Thp Proofs your Majefty has given of your Love and Concern for your People, the univerlal Tendernefs, which upon every Occafion you delight to (hew to all your Subjects, is too glorious a Theme to be flight- Jy pafs’d over by any one that would give £ a. faithful View of the-Happinef? we now enjoy under your Majeily’s aufpicious Go¬ vernment. ThcWriterof our Prefent State mult not forget how foon your Majefiy difperfed thofe Mills which hung-over our Heads up¬ on the Death of our late molt gracious So¬ vereign : How. affectionately your Majefly expreft your Senlc of; our Condition to your Council, and to your Parliament: And Efifile Dedicatorj. how gracioufly you remitted a confidera- blc Part of that Prefent which the States of your Majedy’s Kingdom gave you to fup- port your Fandily, and the Dignity of your Crown. Inlhort, Madam, every thing which your Majefty has done fince your Coming to the Government, affords matter of Delight and Wonder to him that confiders our Prefent, and compares it with our Pafl Eflate. Great Aftions done are fure Prefages of greater yet to come by thofe that do them: And the Earned we have already had of what your Majedy, affided by the Prince, can do, allures us with the utmoft Joy, of cer- tain Happinefs to our Poderity. Pardon this Prefumption, Madam, that I name his Royal Highnefs upon this occa- fion : The Honour I had of being near the Prince’s Perfon, when his Royal Highnefs fird came amongd us, and of acquainting •him with the then Eflate of that Nation, ^liich he was in fo near a Profpect one day to govern, is too lively impred upon my Mind ever to be forgot. 1 had then an Op¬ portunity of obferving thofe Princely Qua¬ lities in his Royal Soul, which made me con¬ gratulate the Happinefs pf my Countrymen, that a Princefs in whom they had fo great an Intered, had met with fuch a Confort. A } But Efijlle Dedicatory . But 1 am fenfible I grow tedious: Old Age is naturally inclinable to ufe many Words, cfpecially when it is pleafed with the Work it is abou 1 -: And this is a Subject which the moft vigorous Youth will ac¬ knowledge to be beyond its Strength. All Ages and Conditions of Men are not only happy under your Majefty s Government, but what is far more Glorious, they are fen¬ fible that they are fo. And I cannot with¬ out the utmoft Thankfulnefs to the Almigh¬ ty, refledt upon his Goodnefs, which has re¬ fer ved me to this time, wherein I might con¬ clude iny many Defcriptions of the Trefent State of this my Country, with an Account atlaft, before I left the World, that it was governed by Your Majefty. I am, May it pleafe Tour tnofl Excellent Majefty , Tour Majefly s moft Obedient Moft Dutiful and Clielfei, 'July Moft Faithful Subjeft. Edw. Chamberlayne. THE THE CONTENTS: PART I. A Dcfcription of England in general. Chap. I. Of its Name, Climate, Dimtnfmt, and Divifions, t Chap-II. Of the Bijkojirichs of England, 3 Chap. III. A Defcriptlon of the fever al Counties of Eng¬ land and Wales. g Chap. IV. Of its Air, Soil, and Commodities, 37 Chap.V. Of its Inhabitants, their Number, Lamuare and Character, 4 Chap. VI. Of Religion, , 0 Chap. VII. Of Trade, g, GOVERNMENT. Chap. I. QF the Government cf England in gene- Chap. II. Of the King of England, and therein of his Name, Title, Perfon, Office, Supremacy and Sove¬ reignty, Power and Prerogative, Dominion, Strength Patrimony, Arms and Refpeft, Chap. III. Of the Succeffm to the Crown e/England, and the King's Minority, Incapacity and Abfencc, 91 Chap. IV. Of the late Kug of England; andthne- >n of Ins Birth, Name, Surname, and Genealogy Amt Title, Education, Marriage, Exploits, and Aotejfiontl the Crown of England, 9 . A 4 Chap. The.Con{ents. jj Cbap. V. Of the hie fatten Confort and Sovereign of | England, 99 i Chap. VI. Of the Queen of England token ft:c is Confcrt < only, and not Regent, 101 j Chap. VII. Of the prefent On. Dowager of England, 103 | Chap. VIII. Of the Sons and Daughters o/Ergland, 105 } Chap. IX. Of the Princes and Princeffes of the Blocd, and ; firft, of her Royal Highncfs the Pdnccfs Anne of Den- >, mark, note Queen of England , 1 °9 L Chap. X. Of Ecelefiaftical Government, 114! • Chap. XI. Of Ecelefiaftical Courts ; and firft, of the Convocation, \ 1 3 1 | Chap. XII. Of the Civil Government of England; and ■ firft, of the great Officers of the Crorn, 1 1 S Chap. XIII. ‘Of the Privy-Council. >45 Chap. XIV. Of the Parliament of England , tmd therein of the Perfon fummoning, the Manner of the Summons, thePerfons fummoiid, their Privileges, their Place, and manner of Sitting, the faffing of Bills in cither llouje, the faffing of Ads of Parliament, of Adjourning, Pro - [ rogtting, and Diffiolving of Parliaments, 15 r Chap. XV. Of particular Governments • and firft, of the Ecelefiaftical, Civil, and Military Government of the King's lloufbold, 165 Chap. XVI. Of the Queen's Court, 190 Chap. XVII.' Of the Civil Government of England in the ref pell ive Courts of Judicature; and firft, of the Court of Juft ice, call’d the Quecn’s-Bench, 1 9 ° Chap. XVIII. Of the Military Government of Eng¬ land, • -17 PART III. f~\F Manners, Cuftoms, Latvs, &c. Chap. I. Of the Religious Manners, viz. of the Clergy , their Name, Orders, Privileges, Revenues, Mu¬ nificence , 8 cc. Alfa of Diffienters fitm the Eftablijh'a Church, 411 Chap. The Contents. Chap. If. Of the Englilh Computation, Kutnlerinr Weights, Meafures, Monty, 2fi , Chap.III. Of Himes, Cities of Honour, Privileges, See. 177 Chap. IV. Of the Commons of England ; and therein of Baronets, Knights, EJquires, Gentlemen, Citizens, Tea¬ men, Handicrafts, &c. 2 9? Chap. V. Of the Women, Children , and Servants in England, 307 Chap. VI. Of the Lares-of England, 31 j Chap. VII. Of Humours, Manners, Diet, Attires, Re¬ creations and Buildings, 318 Chap. VIII. Of Vices and Punifhmcnts, 314 Of the City of London, 335 Of the two Vnivcrfitics, 440 And laftly, the fever at Lifts, to which the Bcok.refers. THE THE TABLE A Board of Green-Cloth, 51 Broanifls, 2 A Cnlcn, 50+ Buildingsi 3 Accompting-houfe, 501 Burroughs, 2 Adamites, 158 Button, 5 5°5 C>fflbridge, 458 3 S7 —its Colleges and Halit, 612 Canon-Lam, 314 5 16 Carmens Rates, 436 J 1 7 Cartalurs, 305 128 earners to the Sjietn, 174,307 39° Mir, 302 55 Chancery Off,cert, 537 35° Chancellour, i^g, 193 49 Charter-Houfe, 409 512 Chandlery, 302 3-1 Chaplains in ordinary, 499 J p5 Chapel-Royal, 499 ib. Charallcr, 48 Chell'ea-Ctfcf 411 CjW4fr«», ;j,, 5°l ■ ■— p /the Chapel, 300 511 Chirurgeons to the Queen, ;i6 615 Churchwardens, 130 14, 567 Cities, 2,5 >o, 483 Cvil Law, 13 j 343 C/fr&r, 2ji no —their Privileges, 242 24; Lord High-Con fable of Eng- L'lrd High-Admiral of Eng- Knigbts, of the Garter, Bannerets, of the Bath, Batchtilours, L. Land-Forces, Language, Larder, Laundrefs to the Queen Lent-Sermons, Lieutenancy of London, 589 .'43 land, ,' 44 , < —Chamberlain of the Sfue Houfhold, 171,5c? Lord Steward of the Queen’s Houfhold, s6% Jo 1 Lord Almoner, 1 66, 499 LordAiayor, 341 ■his Authority and Court, —State, — Attendance, Lord Warden of thtStmmdr 343 344 ’ Ladies of the Bedchamber, The TABLE. v. Vittf, sort Piu-Admirtltia and I'iu-Ad- Admiral:, <6 3 yiee-GhamierUin, 174,507 Kf«, 3?4 K&ualling-Ojfice, 128 /(%«, 117 Univerjitier, 440 Vifamnti, 182,190,485 w. Gnat Wardrobe , 429 Watermen: Rate:, 438 Wright: and Meafurc:, irt; VVcftminlter, 347 —3SS -Sc/jm/, 378 —Dean and Prthtndariit, 592 Whitehall, 37° Wroim, 3°7 Wood.Tard, S°S m»/, 4'- Y. Tinmen of the Guard, Teomen-Farriers, Tcomn-Ridirs, • Afoertifemmt to the Reader. T H E greateft par.t of this Book was pre¬ pared forthePrefs by the Author, and moft of it printed in the Life-time of the late King: The neceffary Alterations which chief¬ ly regard her Prefent Majefty being incerted in the Lifts. The Reader is alfo defired to obferve, that in thisTwentieth Edition there are feveral Curious Remarks and Accounts which are not to be found in any of the former; particularly a,n Account of the Cottonian Library : Thepublick Libraries of both the UniyerfitieSj&c. for the Relations of which we are beholden to the ingenious iA r. Humphry Wanly. t the , Eljf pjtfcnt State 1'air i Inghs, a People of the Lower in vvltofe th treated part of tl'i' Country tlicii t ! tmlelnd, thence by the heneb ca ltd A 'f- ”'/• L -' Germans Engchnd, and by the Inhabitants England. Climate.] Jt is lituated between the Degrees 17. and 2 Longitude, as ate Br'ttan, and M>™Wy m France- tmAW tween 50 and «S of Mnrn Latitude, as arc lUr.,.rs, /.a land, Holland, Uwcr Saxony, and /*»»-'* : ^vantageoull for Ttaifick to all parts ot the VVorld. The longed Day in the mod Nor: item part is 17 Hour.,, Minutes, and the (hotted Day in the mod southern parts, J'jtis in ShapeTiiangular the longed fit from Berwick North, to the Lands Und South Wed S th” I^ds End W. by S. ^9 M»; , a ,99,8500 of Acres,-it 7595 > Houles, is almod t times as big as the United Netbtrlanar, five times as big the Spamp Netherlands ; lets than all Italy by almod 0: half, and in comparifon with France, is as 3c1 to 82. 1 Yearly Rent of all the Lands in England and Wales, is cor puted at ysocooo pounds, belides the Rent of Houfes- ©iblfton.] That part of Britain now called England v in the time of the Romans, divided into Britannia Sccunda, and MaximaCafarienjis. Thehrdoftil contained the South Part of England the fecond, all tl Wcficrn part now called Wales, and the third the North parts beyond Trent, or the more accurate divihon into B taunta Prima, Britannia Sccunda, FlaviaCajariinp, Maxi C/lminlh, and Valenti a. When the Britain, had received the Chriftian With un King Enciu about the year 180, they divided the lame ( the better Government EccIeliafticaU. into three Provm or Archbilhopricks, viz. the Archbiftioprickof W«,iv 1 contained Britannia Prima, the Archbifhaprick ot Ttrk,v . it contained that part called Maxima Lajarienp-, and Archbilhoprick of Cairlcm, an ancient great City ot St Wales upon the River Uikc, under which was Britannia cunda . Afcenvard the Heathen Saxons over-running Country, and dividing it into 7 Kingdoms (the n.mt Knt being fird converted to the Chrillian faith by Part. I. rf E N G L A N D. j the Monk, who lived and was buried at Canterbury) the Archiepifcopal See of London was there placed, and the o- ther at Catrleon, was tranflated to St. David's in Pcmbrekejhire , and at laft.fubjefted to the See of Cati:»y : The North part of England, anti all Scotland, was put under the A-ch- bilhop of Turk, and all England divided into Diocelfes ; and about the year 630.it was for better Order and Government, diftinguilhed into Parifhcs, by the Care and Pains of Ihcsaort Archbilhop of Canterbury, almoft ico years hefor >r was divided into Counties or Shires,by King yllfna, by n alfo thofe Shires, ((0 called from the Saxon Word 1 Partition or Divilion ) were fubdivided into Humii. , which at firff contained ten Tythings, and each Tyth. ten Families. At prefent, England according to its Ecclefiaftical Jurit- diftion, is divided firfl into two Provinces, or Archbi- Ihopricks, viz, Canterbury and Tori: ; thefe two Provinces in¬ to 2 6 Dioccfles, which are again divided into 60 Archdea¬ conries, and thofe into Rural Deaneries, and thofe again in¬ to Pariihes : Of which there is in both Provinces, 9913. hereof 384; are Churches impropriate; 1. e. in Lay-hands, where Lay-men receive the Tythes; or Jffrcpriate, i. t. annexed to Church-Dignities. CHAP. II. Of the Bijliopricki of England. THE Archbilhoprick of CJNTERBURYUi Pro- JL vince containing almoft all the South part of England, front the Rivers Trent and Humber ■ its Diocefs only part of Kent, and divers peculiar Churches amidft other Diocelles. It was founded by Ethelbert the firft Chriftian King of the Kentijh Saxont, /Inno Dorn. 196. in the Perfon of Aufiin the firft Apoftle of the English. Valued in the King’s Books at 3193 /. 8 1. 8 d. Chief Seats belonging to this See, are Lambeth-Houfe, and Croyden-Palace, both in Surrey, The Archbilhop’s Palace in Canterbury lies in Ruins. The Archbilhoprick of TORK is a Province contain¬ ing the North part of England, from Humber, Dei, and Trent ; Part I. of ENGLAND. y WINCHESTER continues a large Diocefs, contain* ing Snrivy and Hampjbirc, the Illes of Wight, 'jerfcy,Gutrnfcy, and Aldcrnay. Value 388?/. 31. 31/. Seats, Faniham Caftle in Sumy, Wolvefty-Houfe in Wimhcfler , C kelfty-HoiiJc in Middle/,x. In the Year 733. Dorcefier was again made a Bilhops See, and its Diocefs.taken our of Lichfield. LICHFIELD, Founded by O/ip; King of Northumber¬ land in the I’erfon of Di'nw.r a Scotchman, Anno 6i6. railed to an Archhilboprick by litres’Ofa in Adulph, and had Authori¬ ty over Winchtjl,r, Hereford, &c. But this Dignity of the See did not furvive Actnlph ; the See was removed Anno 1075. to Chejlcr, and by Robert de Limefey, Anno. 1095. to Coventry, the relidence of many of the fucceeding Bilhops, on which Account, amongft others, it hath now the Title of Coventry and Lichfield. Out of this Diocefs were taken the Bilhopricks of Her. ccjltr and Sidnactfier by King Ethelrcd, and foon after Amo 733, thofe of Leiceftcr and. DtrccJler. Laftly by H. 8. that of CheJIer, which continues as well usWoiceficr, This Bilhoprick of Coventry and Lichfield at prelent con¬ tains all Stafj’o: djhire and Darhyfhirc, and part of Warxrid- jhirc, and Shropshire. Value 703 1. 5 s. a d. Seats Lichfield. Clofi, and Ecclejbal-Cajlle in Staffordshire. SidnaceJIer, and Letccjlcr became afterwards united to Dor- ccjlcr, and Dcrccflcr tranflated to Lincoln- LINCOLN, begun at Dorcefier near Oxford, and brought hither by Remigisu (the Son of a Pried) by Order of a Sy¬ nod at London, which Ordain’d, That the Sees of Bilhop¬ ricks Ihould be removed from fmall and decayed Towns, to Cities of greater Note and Refort. It contained then the middle of England, between Thames and Humber ; But Hen. I. took out of it the Bilhoprick of Ely, and Her.. VIII. thofe of Oxford and Peterborough. At this Day belong to it Lincoln- jhire, Leiteflerjhirt, Huntir.gtonjhire, Bedfordshire, Buckingham¬ shire, and part of Hartfordjhirr, being the largeft Bilhoprick of England. Value 830/. i8r. r d. Seats, Bugdcn in Hun- tingtonjhire, and Lincoln-Pnbcc in Lincoln, ruin’d by the Ci-' vil Wars. • _ ELY, taken out of Lincoln by Hoi. I. mnflating hither Heresy Bilhop of Bangor ; contains only Cainbridgejhirc. Va¬ lued ai 341. 18 /. id. Seats, Ely-Houfe m.Holbtrn, London ; Ely-Paltce in Ely ; VHisbich-Cafllt in (Visbicb, Cambridge- Shirt. B3 Sdy Parti. of ENGLAND. 7 ROC H ESTER, Founded in the Year 6 c6 by Ethel- j ten lit ft Chtiftian King of Kent in the Perfon of St. 'jufiui ; I contains part of K.nt only. Value 3581 . 3 1. 8 i. Seat, I Brmly Houfe in Knit. i O.VfORD, taken out of Lincoln , 1541. by Hen. 8. The fuft Bifliop was Robert King, Abbot of Ofmy ; con¬ tains O::forjjhirc. Value 354/. 1 61. 4 d- Seat, Cuddejaon in Oxfom'lbin. P ET E R BO ROUG It, taken out of Lincoln likewife by Hen. VIII. Its full Bifliop was John Climber:, not Abbot of Peterborough, as Godwin miftook, but Dean of St- Ste- fhms, and Canon of VCindfor ; contains Honhamptonjhire and Rurlandjkirc. Value 414/. 190 11 if. Seats, Petcr- boronoji Cajlle, and Cajlor in Horthamftonjhire, : GLOUCESTER, taken out of V/orccfier by Hen. VIII. whofe firft Bilhop was John Waleman, Abbot of Tewksbury ; contains Glouccjlerjbire. Value 315/. 71. id. Seat, Glou. eepr Palace in Gloucejlcr. BRISTO L, Founded by Hen. VIII. Paul Bujl the firft Bifliop; contains the City of BriJIol, and County of Dorfet. Jhire. Value 383 /. 8 t. 4 i. Seat, BriJIol Palace in Somtr- Jetlhire. L AHDAFF, Founded by Dubrititu its firft Bifhop, in the Reign of Aurelius Amhrojiui about the Year 490; con¬ tains Glamorganshire, Montnomhjhire, Breckmckfliire, and Rad- mrjhire■ Value 154 /. 14 r. id. Seats, Mathcrn Palace in Monmouthjhire, and Landaf Palace in Glamorganjhire. St. DAVIDS- The aforefaid Dubritius afterwards, upon the Foundation of the Archbifhoprick of ifea Silurum or Caerleon in Monmouthjhire, was removed thither. His Succefl'or in this See, St. David, got it removed in the Reign of King Arthur to biennia or Mender, called afterwards in honour of this Learned and Pious Prelate, who fo oppofed and vanquiflied the Pelagian Herelie , St. David's. This Metropolitan See was afterwards made fubjeft to that of Canterbury ; it contains Pembrokeshire, Cardiganjhire, and Caemarthtnfhirt, Value 426 /. 5;. 8 d. Sear, AFlrgiliy in Carmarthen . St. AS AP H, Founded by Malgo King of the Britons, ■drnio ;6o. in the Petfon of Kcntigern the Scotch Bifliop of Glafgow, and took its Name from St. Aj'afh c he fecond Bi¬ fliop ; contains Denbighjhirc and Flinljhin. Value too 1, Seat, St. Ajaph in Fhntjhire. B 4 I AH. Parti. of ENGLAND. 9 The Air is temperate, the Soil, efpecially in the Korth parr, fruitful, its principal Rivers ate 0 ujt anil Intel : The whole County is well ilored with Corn and Cattle ; fbme of its chief Commodities are Butter, Cheefe and Poultrey. It hath in it 116 1 ’arilhes, and 10 Market Towns. Bedford the Shirr Torvn, 38 Miles from London, is molt noted; L-enfiable for Larks, Woburn for fuller’s Earth. It has many Noble Seats, as Wre(!-Hoti[e and Harrold, the Earl of Kent's ; lloburu Abbey, the Duke of Bedford’s-, Elerjho and Melcktom the Earl of Bttliingbrook's ; Turnsy the Earl of Peterborough's; Amfthil and Clophil, the Earl of Aylesbury's ; Humor, Lord ferret's; Lidlinglon, Sir Anthony ChejUr's. JrfrfeCflir^ Is in Salisbury Dioccfs , no Miles circumference; con¬ tains about 517000 Acres, and 1 6gc6 Houfes. The Air is fweet; the Soil plentiful; the whole County is well doted with Corn,.Cattle, Fife, Fowl, Wool, and Wood, efpeci¬ ally Oak; its chief Rivers, Therms, Ifts, and Kcmtt, It con¬ tains 140 Parifees, and 12 Market Towns : The chief in Note, are Reading, 31 Miles from London, for Cloth and Malt; Abittgton, a large Town, hath a Free-School well en¬ dowed ; Hungerjord for Trouts and Craw-fife; Ihtcbuiy for Broad-cloth ; Farendm a Market; Windjor is famous for its Cable, which is one of the King’s Palaces, and the College of the Knights of thcCarter ; lituated drongly and pleafantly; of late curioufly adorned by'King Charles II. with the Excellency of modern Painting and Carving : It hath many other fine Seats, as Swaltemfeld, tBS Earl of Claren¬ don's ; HamJlead.MssrJhad and Ajbton Park, the Lord Craven’s; Wyghshem, tile Earl of Abittgton s ; Hurley, the Lord Livc- 23«cfeing[jsm(T)irCj In Lineoln Diocefs, in circumference 138 Miles; contains about 441000 of Acres, and 18350 of Houfes: The Air good ; the Soil rich ; Its principal Rivers, Time, Cruft and Coin ; its chief Commodities are Corn, Sheep and Oxen. Buckinghamshire Bread and Beef is a Proverb for their go6d- nefs. Ir hath 18; Parifees and 1 s Towns; the mod noted ate Buckingham the Shite Town, 44 Miles from London; 10 SClje ]B:rfciU &>tate Parc I. Ayleibury, near a rich Vale; Wgh-Wiekham for good Building; Newport Partial for Bone-lace ; E.j.'oii, a Village within a Mile of Wind for, hath a College nobly endowed, hath a Provoft the Reverend, Dr. //. Godolphin, and feve'n Fellow*, belides Choriders, &i. and a Frce-School, now one of the mod flourilhing in England, where are fcventy. King’s Scho¬ lars, taught and maintained gratis, and lent yearly to the Univerlity as places become void ; Founded by lieu. VI. Its chief Seats are Buckingham-Hottfe, and Waddom-Houfi, both belonging to the late Duke of Buckingham ; Chyme Duke of Bedford's ; AjUrige, the Earl of Bridgwater's ; Latimerr, Duke of Devon's ; Wing and Ethrop, Earl of Carnarvon's ; Syiarcndon, Earl of Lichfiddi; Wofom and Over-Winchcndon Houfe, Lord Wharton's ; Clnthely, Sir Anthony Cbeflci'S' Cfimtytogcfliirr, In the Dioccfs of Ely, 130 Miles in circumference; contains about 570000 Acres, and 17347 Houfes: The Air moid, the Soil of divers forts ; its principal Rivers Of ije, Cam, and Grant ; its Commodities, Gorn mold excel¬ lent) Cattle, Filh, Fowl, and Saffron; its Manufaflures, Pa¬ per and Baskets : The Ntrthtrn parts is called the Ifle of Ely ; The whole contains 163 Parifhes, and eight Market Towns; the mod noted are Cambridge the Shite Town, 44 Miles from London, for its Noble Univerlity; Ely, Bi- Ihop’s Seat for its Minder; fhmmarket, referred to by the Court’ for Hunting, Racing, &c. Royfion for Malt : Its chief Seats tsttlhormy-Abbty, Duke of Bedford's ; Newmarket - Houfe, Earl of Soft’s ; Catlidge, Lord North and Grey's. Ctiefljirr, In the Diocefsof Chcjler 112 Miles in circumference , contains about 720000 Acres, and 24054Houfes, is a Coun¬ ty Palatine ; the Air is wholfome, the Soil good, the Men called the chief of Men, are famous for Strength, tlje Wo¬ men for Beauty, the Gentry ate here very numerous and eminent for Ancientry, Loyalty and Hofpitality; its Ri¬ vers, Dee and Waver ; its Commodities, Corn, Cattle, Cheefe, Fife, Fowl, Metals, Salt, and Mill-ftones; contains fig Parilhes, and r3 Towns> the chiefed is the City of Chtfler, 140 Miles from London, peculiar for its Galleries, upon Parti. Of ENGLAND. it which the whole City is built, W antwich, Middka'tch, and forthwith for Salt-pits, Maxjield for Buttons, and Congleton for Gloves : Chief Seats arc Clifton, or Rock-Savage, and Frodjham-Cajlle, Earl of Riven's ; Gawfworth and Aldford, Earl of Mace Icefield's j Dutton, Lord Gerard't ; Dunhammajfey, •Earl of IVariugton's . Cojntoall, In the Diocefs of Exeter, in circumference I so Miles; contains about 960000 Acres, and isi74Houfes: The Air is clear and Iharp, the Valley’s rich in Corn and Failure, and the Hills in Mines of Copper and Tina, not without Gold and Silver: The Menare ftrong and boifterous, greatWre- ftlers, healthy, great Eaters of Garlick. This County is enrich'd likewife by the great number of Filh, efpecially Pilchards, which are taken on thefe Coafts; here are Por- cipifces and.Seels; its other Commodities are French or bearded Wheats and other Corn: Fowl in great abundance, Woodcocksefpecially; the fine blue Slat, which thefrarh call Ardeis ; tranfparent Pibbles, like Diamonds; and for¬ merly Ambergreefe in conliderable Quantities : Hete’s plenty of Rofa Solis, and Sage, Hy fop and Rofemary, growing wild on the Sea-Clifis ; as alfo Samphire and Fringe Roots, or Roots of Sea-Holly. It hath many fafe and commodious Ports and Havens, as Falmouth, vaftly lpacious, &c- The chief Rivers are Tamer, Cornell and Fait- It contains 161 Parilhes, and 17 Towns, the chief is Launfion, or Lancefion, 170 Miles from London. Its Seats of moft note are Clifton, Stow, St anbury, fVopn, and Lanovo, all the Earl of Bath's ; Truro and Lauhyirock_, Earl of Radnor's-, Bocomci, Lord Mohun’s ; Trtrife, Lori Arundel’s-, with divers Seats of Gentry, amongft which Mount Edgcomb is a noble and pleafant one, belong¬ ing to the Heir Male of Sir Richard Edgcomb. Cumberland, In the Diocefs of Chefter and Carlijlc, in circumference 168 Miles; contains about 1040000 Acres, and 1482; Houfcs: The Air is Iharp, the Soil fruitful, the Hills for Feeding, and the Valleys for Corn. It has divers Rivers, the chief is Eden. In this County have been found many Roman Anti¬ quities : Here is Fowl and Fiih in great Plenty; in the 1 n 23je ^jefcut State Part I..; Mufcels are found Pearls; here are great Mines of Copper,^ about Newland and Kefwick ; Black Lead is found at /Ti/wA-lp likewife, the only place fome fay, for it in Europe. It con-j: tains 58 Parilhes, and 15 Tn- ns; the City Carli/le ji ( ' Bifhop’s See, has a fine Cathedral Church, Caftle and Trade; 135 Miles from London : Coclunmnth is noted for Broad- cloths) Penrolh for Tanners, White-Haven for Coals and Salt.! This having been a Frontier County to Scotland, the Ilotifcs of the Nobility and Gentry, are built for the moft part Caflle-wife; the mold noted are Greyflock-Cajlh.mil Dnimkugh- Caflh, Duke of Norfolk's ; Cocktmoutb-Caflle, Duke of Somcr- fit's ; Htward-Cajlle, Earl of Carlijle's ; Kirk, Ofwald , and D'Acrt-Cttflt, Earl of Suffix’s- 10erbp(f)i re, tn the Diocefs of Lichfield and Coventry, 730 Miles in cirtutaference; contains about 680000 Acres, and 11155 Houfes. The Air and Soil good, tfpecially the South and Esfl parts; thcNirtband WtJ! are Hilly; its Rivers Trent and Derwent. This County is Bored with Corn, Cattle and Wodd : here are Mines of Alabafter, Marble, Chryftal, Milftone and Whetlkine : It has Pit-coal, Iron and Lead, the bed in England, in great plenty: in fothe places are Antimony: Here are r 06 Parilhes, and 9 Towns; the Shire Town is Derby, well built, large, populous and rich ; 97 miles from London : its chief Seats, Boljovcr-Caflle, late Duke of Newcnfllcs p Hadcion, Earl of Rutland’s ; Challworth and Hardwick, Duke of Devon's-, Braky, Earl of ChefHrfields ; Sutton, Earl of' Scarfdale's ; Shirly, Lord Ferrer’s-, Stavely, late Lord Frefchvide’s. Among the Wonders of this Shire, Buxton-Well has two Springs; one of hot and the other of cold Water : the Peake is notorious for its three ftrange Caves of prodigious Shapes and Diinenfions, called The De¬ vil's Arfe, Eldeu-hole, and Pool’s-hole. ©fboitfljirp, In the Diocefs of Bxiter, 100 miles in circumference; conrainsabout 1910600 Acres,and 56310 Houfes. The Air Iharp and healthful, the Soil Hilly, Wobdy and Fruitful, as if is manur’d with Earth fetch’d from the Sea-fide: its Ri¬ vers,' Tamer, Turridgi, Bit, Taw, and Dart : The Men »re flrong Part I. of ENGLAND. ij ftrong and active; its Commodities are Corn, Cattle, Wool, Sea-I'ilh and Fmvl, Kerfles, Serges and Bonelace; befide the produflion of its Alines, Lead and Tin, and fome quantities of Silver and Loadftone, formerly on Dartmore Rocks. It has divers excellent Harbours for the Navy- iRoyal, as Dartmouth, Plymouth, ire. It contains 394 Pa- rilhe', and 32 Towns : The chief Town is Eater, a very large well-built City, 138 miles fr6m London, a Bifliop’s IS'ee ; hath a noble Cathedral Chinch, and ftrong Caftle : It hath a good Trade, for Serges efpecially, in which they deal for 10000I. a Week. Its chief Seats are FVenbcrry and Pothtridge, the late Duke of Jtbermarlcs ; Bedford - Hottfe in Exeter, Duke of Bedford's-, Bidcford, Lari of Bath's; Vgbreoke near GhudLigh, Lord Clifford's. i 0 ojfetj 5 l)irc, ! Is in the Diocefs of Briflol, 150 miles in circumference ; contains about 772000 Acres, and 21944 Houfes; a plea- fant County, the Air healthy, the Soil rich, both in Paftu- rage and Corn-fields; the Rivers Stovrt, famed for Tenches, Fremi, &c. Its Commodities are Corn, Cattle, Wood, Filh, Fowl, Hemp, and Free-ftone, with,fome Marble. In the Ifle of Purleck is Marble and Tobacco- pipe Clay, worth at London 30 s. a Tunn : It hath 148 Pa- rillies, and 19 Towns; the Shire Town is Dorcbejler, no- I ted for Trade, 8; miles from London-, Shaftsburj for its fine Profpeft and Market; Shirlorn for the curious Work- manlhipof its Church; Bridport, for Hemp and Cables; Pool is well built, and rich : The chief Seats are HookXaJIle, Duke of Bolton's ; Cranborn-Houfe, Earl of Salisbury's ; Shir- hrn-Cajlle, Earl of BrijloFs ; Wimbom St. Gila, Earl of Shnfrthry’t ; Buckland, Lord Pawleds ; Jtjhhy U Frier] near Dorcbejler, IVmterkrn, Sir Martin Front's ; Whit field, Duke of Neweaftle's. Portland is an Ifle near this County, eminent for its Quarries of durable Free-ftone. Burljatn, In the Diocefsof Durham, 107 miles in circumference; contains about 610000 Acres, and 15984 Houfes, is a Coun¬ ty Palatine; the Royalty whereof belongs, to the Bifliop, therefore it is called, r LeBijheprUk of Durham: The Air is lharp Parti. of ENGL AND. ,y phr-Place, H.irl of Tankervillc' s ; Eafton-Lod and , 7 /Wm, Lord Maptard's ; 7 b/.vkr)', Lord Mnur/s of Efcntk; Law jcd-Hall, LordC’vn’b. Oloccttcrfljirc, Tn C,loeefier Diocefs, i',S Miles from London ; contains.a- bout 800000 Acres, 26764 Houles: The Air fweer, the Soil fruitful : Its Rivers, Srjmi, Wye, Stroud, Ifit, Avon : Its chief Commodities are Corn, Wooll, Iron, and Steel, Timber, Bacon, Sitler and Salmon: Its Manufafture, (.'loa¬ thing, for which tile Sheep of Cotjvold have fo fine a Wool, that the Spanijb Strain, (’tis faid ) came from a Prefent Ed. IV. made of thefe Sheep to Aiphonfo King of Spain : Here is 280 Pariflies, and 16 Towns j the City of Glotefter 81 Miles from London, is a Bilhop’s See, and hath a fine Cathe¬ dral Church- In this County likewife Rands the greatefi part of Brifiol, one of the biggefi and befi traded Cities of England, which is a County of it feif, and contains above 5000 Houfes. Stnud is noted for fair Buildings, and dying of Scarlet, and Tewhbury for woollen Manufactory and Mu- flard Balls. Near Brifiol is a Place call’d St. ('intent's Riel, wherb are plenty of hard tranfparent Stones, resembling Diamonds, which fome take to be Flutret, or Me!ting-flor,.s. At the bottom thereof is a hot medicinal Well: Its nobleft Seats are Badmington and Wollafion-Gmngc, tneDuke of L.au- fort's ; Stovtll, Earl of Stafford's ; BerUep-Cafth, Earl of Berk, ley's ; Cambden-Hotife, Earl of G aimiorough', ; Ovcr-Norten, LordVilcount Say and Seal’s; K-.mp:foi.i. Lord Vifcount Weymouth's ; Corfe-Court and Cockhuty, Earl of Coventry's. Cantor ^amptlire, In the Diocefs of Winchtfier, too Miles in Circuit, con¬ tains about 1312500 Acres, and 26851 Houfes,theAirtem- perate, the Soil rich. Here is plenty of Corn, Cattel, Wooll, Wood, Iron, Honey,and Bacon: Its Rivers, Stovre, Avon , Itebin, See. Its chief Mangfaftures are. Kerlies and Stuffs. Here arc 253 Parilhes and 16 Towns; the Shire Town (though it be a County of it felf) is Southampton, a good Port, 60 Miles from London. WincheJIer Is a confiderable City, 54 Miles from London, the Afii/.e Town ; it has a fine Cathedral C-hurch, a noble College and Free-School; hath 1 6 K 1 )C Relent feliitc P.irt I, lutli a WarJen, io Fellows, aShool-mallers, arid 7-- .Scho¬ lars, richly endowed ; Likcwife here is a magnificent I’ahc: begun by King Charles II. but not liniil’M- Ponjncmh is a ftrong Citadel and Harbour, WepmUth a brave Harbour. The chief Seats are Btfa-lwfe, Abbots-flone, the Duke of Boltin's ; rarnborm^h-place, the Earl ol AotfUJ'/s-, Ruhn- houfe, the Earl of Shaftsbury's ; Whormll, the Lord Delattsm's ; Mchcjfont, Lord Sands's ; Bre.vnore, Lord Bmki s. South of this County, and belonging to ir, lies the Illeof Wight, 60 Miles in Circumference ; its Militia the bell dif- ci[ilin’d in England ; plentiful in Corn, Cattle, Eilb, Hares Conies and Wild-fowl: Its Wool is next in Einenefs to that of Cotfwold: It has 3(1 1 ’arilhes, and 3 Towns ; t. New¬ port, large and populous; Caen-/ and C arislmk are tss 0 pla¬ ces neat it, fortified each with a Cattle ; fo is 2. Sandhatn, and 3. Tarptuth : Spithead between Portfmutli and the Wl/iit, is a Place where the Navy-Royal does fre¬ quently Rendevouz. $artfo^fi)ire, Is in the Diocefs of London and Lincoln, 130 Miles in cir¬ cumference ; contains about 451000 Acres, and. 16369 Houfes: The Airis fweet and healthful, the Soil for the molt part chalky, but fruitful in Corn, Grafs and Wood: Its Rivers Coin, Lea : Its chief Commodities are Wheat, Ijjrley and Mault: It has 110 Pariihes and 18 Towns, moll of them very good : the Shire Town is Hartford, 20 Jvjil<3s fcom London : Barnet is noted for Medicinal Waters; B,r\hmfied for its ancient Cattle, chief Place of Relidence formerly of the Dukes of Cornwall ; Hitchin for its School, Ware for a Canal, which furniflies London with New-River Water: Its chief Seats are Theobalds, formerly a Royal Pa¬ lace ; Moor-Park, the late Duke of Monmouth's; Hatfield-houfe, Hartford-Caflle, Bygrave, Cbjlbunt^iclfs-Wood, all the Earl of Salisbury’s ; Cajhiobury, Haddam-Hall, Earl of JEjrx’s; Tottt- ndgf, Earl of Angltfty’s ; Holloway-houfe at St. Mans, Earl of Marlborough's ; Aldenham, Duke of NeacaJIU’s, and a vatt Number more it hath of Gentlemens Houfes. frre* Part I. of ENGLAND. 17 $rrtfojasijire, Is ir.tlie Diocefs of Hereford, 102 Miles in circumference; contains about Ctiocoo Acres, and i;os 6 Houfes. The Air is good, the Soil exceeding fruitful : Jts Rivers are IVq, Arrow, La;, Frotne : This County exceeds in four things, Wheat, Wood, Wool, and Water j in which lad Salmons are plentiful. This County is famous forSyder, cfpeciajly for Red-dreak. It hath 17 6 Parilhcs, and 8 Towns; the mod noted is the Ciry of Hereford, the Shire Town, a Bi- ftop’s See, 105 Miles from London : Here is the 11 iff op’s Pa¬ lace, a Cathedral Church, College, and Hofpital: Lcn.fterno- ted for Bread, and the bed Wool in E::g!,nJ ; Kjtutcr. for Natrow Cloths : At Mirlj-tiill was that notable f-rthquake, 1571, when 26 Acres of Land intirely moved about f'ouj place to place, three days together, overturning a Sfeple, and many Trees which dood in : ts way- Its chief Seats are Goodrich C •(lie, Pcnynrd C.i (He, and Eekfonit CijlLy the Ejri of Knit’s, Wilton, Aaniurj, and Ditoftsed, the Lord Cltxndoit's. Is in Lincoln Diocefs, 67 Miles in circumference ; con- ains about 240000 Acres, and 8217 Houfes : The Air is liverfe, for the mod part moid : It is generally of a fertile toil; in former times very Wooddy : Its chief River Oufe, md divers leder '■ Its chief Commodities are Corn and Cat- le : It contains 79 Parifhes, and 6 Towns; the Shire and Mize Town is Huntington, 50 Miles from London, having a ;ood Free-School : St. IwrandSt. Rett ate in great edeem or their neighbouring Medicinal Waters; Godtrmnehepcrive nave Husbandmen. Its chief Seats, Kimbdtcn Cnf.le, the tail of Manchefters ; Hinchingbmk, the Earl of Semaxich's ; mut-Gidding, Lord Rockingham %. Has in it the Dioceflcs of CmterUtrj and Rockjhr, 161 liles in citcumferencc ; the pleafanted County in Eng- m d, the People of it fird civiliz’d of any, and boad they lever were Bondmen, i.t, never held their Land in Vil- linage; contains about 1148000 Acres, and 3924a Houfes. C It O i8 JKije pjefcnt £>tate Part I. I Tt was formerly a Kingdom of it felf; it is now divided, by a ufual Proverb into 3 parts; The Downs have Health witlmit Wealth, tin Marilb ir Marlh parti, Wealth without Utitilh ; till Middle Health anti Wtalth. It is accommodated with two vail Rivers, Thames and Midway, belides tlie Stttorc, Dareni, and other le/Ter ones. Its chief Commo¬ dities ate Corn, Cattle, Fruit, eftecially Pippins and Cher¬ ries the mold celebrated in the World : Woad and Madder for Dyers, Hopps, Wood, Flax, Saintfoyn, Samphire, near Dial-, Fowl and Filh : The Midway, which in one part runs under ground, yields Precedence to no River, except the Thamti, for choice!! Salmon; and Fardwitch Trouts, neat I Canterbury are incredible large : The Manufacture for Cloth has been much greater than now, when 1000/. a year was. thought no rnviduous an Elhte for a Clothier or a Vedmyn of this County; but here ate fome Yeomen hive Hill great Eftates : Tiiofe parts called the Wes of Tint- ml and Sheppy, are well doted with Sheep and Corn : At I Egcrtti 1, where there is now a pettefying Spring, and Set- levgt , about an hundred years ago were Medicinal Wa- ters, which at Stllenge are lately retriev’d. It contains 408 Parilhes, and 30 Towns : The City of Canterbu-y is the Atchbilhop’s See, and a County of it felf, 44. Miles from Lmdtm ; its Cathedral Church is one oi the fined in England, noted for its rich Window, fdedroyed by rhe Rebels,} and Tomb of Thanar Eecbt. Here is a Dean and ra Prebenda. ries, a Free School of Royal Foundation, and feveral Ho- fpitals: This City is partly inhabited by Wa'Jms. RecheJIer is a City and Bilhop’s See, V) Miles from landm, noted for its Cathedral Church, and ftately Stone Bridge, the fccoiiii for Magnificence in England ; built by Sir Hebert Knclh, in the Reign of Hen. IV, At Chatham is the Harbour for the Navy-Royal : Maidjlme is the Affi/.e Town, noted likewile for Thread and tlopps: Diver for itsCaftleand Peer; Fever- /ham for its Trade by Hoys to Lmdon, Tunbridge irs Medici¬ nal Waters ; Wyi its Free School; Severn^ its Free School, and Hofpital j Diver, Hith, Rvmney, and bandwich, are 3 of the Cinque-ports, the 5th Hajlingi, and their two Appen¬ dages, Wincheli-.a^md Rye, are in Sujftx : Thcfe Towns have all great and didinit Privileges; their Burgedes arc called Ba¬ rons of the Cinque-ports. In the Procefiion of a Coronatioj they liippotc the Canopies over the King and Queen and afterwards have on that day, a Table at the King Rigk Part. I. cf E N G L A N D. i 9 Hifdir Hand, and have the Canopy for their Fee. Chief .Scat.', are G ncmrith, a Palace-Royal : Know!, the Earl of Ihr/n'i ; PenjUur/l, the Earl of Lciajkr’si EajltteB, in the pleafanreli Park of the llniverfc, and Moat, near Gamer bury, the Earl of Vl'inchelfea's ; Honthfield and Sylom the Earl of Ib.mrt\ ; Chcvcmting, the Lady D'Acre’s ; Lingjlcd-Udge, Lord Tdtbam s ; Lceds-Cajlle and Greenvay-Court, Lord CuU •/ifgers ; Allington-Cajllc and Maidfine-Palace, Lord Alley's ; Lid-Court , Lord Rockingham's; Cobham-hall, Sir William Bioum's ; Hever-Caflle , Lord ITalgrave’s. The Privileges of Gavel-kind belonging to this County are threefold: r. The Heirs Male lhare all the Lands alike, a. The Heir is at 15 at full Age to fell or alienate. 3. Tho’ the, Father be convifted of Treafon, or the like, yet the Son enjoys bis Inheritance : Hence that Proverb, The Esther ta the Bough, aud the Son to the Plough. Thefe three Priviledges, granted or confirm’d to them by William the Conqueror, are denominated Gavel-kind, ta!c Part I, to this County are clivers Iflands, the ; mod noted, are Ccckeit, Turn, and ihlyljlarJ. This being a Frontier Coun¬ ty to Sr atlmui, mod of the great Seats arc built Cadle- wife, the chief are uilmwick-Cajlls, ITarkworth-CaJIle, and Pradhoi-CaJHe, the Duke of Somcrft's; CgU-CajHc, Bor hal- Cafilc, and Htpph-Towcr, the late Duke of Ncwcuiie s ; Moipcth-CalHt, the Eatl of Carlif's ; Darwcmwatcr, Vnfhr.c, the Earl of Darwtntwatcr's ; PVark-Caftie, Ckihnghani-CajHt, punJlabnrg-CaJlh , Horton-CafHe, the liar! of TanktrviSi's; Vyidringtotf-Ca(lli, Lord ITidrivgtox's. jfrottiiigliamjljiix, Is in Tari Diocefs, i to miles incircumfctence; contains 4 hout 560000 Acres, and 17554 Houles: has a wholfome Air, and different forts of Soil; the South-Taft part is Fertile, the Wcflau Wooddy. Its Rivers, Trait, I,idle. See. The chief Commodities here, are Corn, Malt, Liquorice, Pit- Coal, Wood, Fifli and Fowl. It hath 168 Parifhes, and 9 Towns; the Shire Town is Nottingham, 95 miles from London ; a large well-Duilt Town, hatha fine Market-place. Here are many Rooms, Chimneys, Stairs, Windows, hewn out of the main Rock, Chambers Floor’d with a Piaider, harder than that of Paris, made of a Stone, which, before it be burnt is fofter than Alabader. MawfuU is of Note for Malt, f Vorkfop for Liquorice : Newark on Trim for Trade : Noble Families are here very numerous; their chief Seats are Worhfop, the late Lord Tin- Howard's, Brother to the late Duke of Norfolk; Nottingham-Cajlle and Wt'lbak. jfohy, the late Duke of NiwcafHt's; Ruford the late Marquis pf Hallifi.x's ; Clarc-Hoxle in Nottingham, and Houghton, the Duke of Ntwcaflle's; Holmt Pierre-Point, the Earl of J (ingjion's; Shelford, the Earl ofChilhrflid’s; NewStd-Abbey, Bullwell Park, Linbj, Lord Byron’s; jivtrham, Kellham, Lord Lexirgton's. .SDyfo^rtjire, Is in the Diocefs of Oxford, 130 miles in circumference; contains about 534000 Acres, and 19007 Houfes. The Air is fweet and healthful; the Soil is fertile in Corn and Fruits, and rich inPadures- Its Rivers, Thamn, andthofe two, Tam and IJit, from whence the other has its name, jbefides the Ckerwill, IVindrufb and Ewnload, Its chief Com- Parti. cf ENGLAND. aj .modifies, Corn, Malt, Cattle, Fruit, Wood. It bis 180 Pariilies, and 1 s Towns, the chief is the City of Oxford, 47 mile' from London, one of the two nobleii Univerfrties in the World ; of which fee more hereafter. WeodBetk it noted for its Park, Walled in, and thefirflin England : i Tamt for its Free-School, f Unity for Alalt, Wur.iy for Blankets, Ftee-S’chool and Library : the rich and Him Town of fixe* Ur; for Cheele ; Harford for Saddles : Its principal Seat! are WmdShtk, a Palace Royal; Ornbury, tils Earl of Clara* din's ; BUtchingten, the Lari of Anglefofs ; taverjbam, the Lord Craven's , Dichlry and Lees-Refi, the Earl of Litchfield's ; Rjcott, the Earl of Abmgtons ; Broughton, North-Nemon and Slh'ford, Lord Vifcount i lay and Seal: ; Sherbirn-Caflle, Lord Bergavenny’s ; Water Eat on, the late Lord Lovelace’s ; Lead- mil, Lord Caringtons ; Wrexfion-Abbey, Lord Guilford* Kutlantwljire, Is in the Diocefs of Peterborough , 40 miles in circumfe¬ rence ; contains about noooo Acres, and 3563 Houfes; has a healthful Air, and Fercil Soil; and the mod Parks for its proportion of Land of any Shire in England. Its Rivets are Weland and IVajb ; its chief Commodities are Corn, Cap- tie, Wool and Wood : It has 48 Parilhes, and 2 Townsj Oakham the A iliac Tosvn, 74 miles from Lemon, in tvhofe Precinft there is this Cufrom, that if any Nobleman enter ic, he forfeits a Shoe from h is Horfe, unlefs he redeems it with Money; the other Town is Uppingham : both have Free Schools and Hofpitals. Its chief Seats are Burghley on the Hil, the Earl of Nottingham: ; Martinllhorp, the Earl of Denbigh '8; Eaton, Brook., Nerthlufinwam, the Eatl of Gainsborough's. Is in the Diocelsof Hereford, and of Coventry and Lichfield, 134 miles in circumference ; contains about 890000 Acres, md 23284 Houles. The Air is wholefom , the Soil ffuit- ul, though Hilly and Mountainous towards the South and Ftd parts, the Inhabitants healthy; Old Parr of this Coun- y lived 152 years, and died Amo 1634. The Rivets Se¬ vern, Clum, Rea, Reden, Tome, Tern : Its Commodities are Vheat, Bailey, Cattle, Wood, Iron, Pit-coal. It has 7° Patifhes, and ij Towns; The Shire Town is Shretet- bury 26 SIke JBjtfettt &tate Part I, bury, r^milesfrom London ; a Urge, neat, populous Town. Ludlow is likewife well-built. This being a Frontier Coun¬ ty to Wales, had the mod Cadies of any in England, which ire now the Houfes of Nobility and Gentry : The chief ire Pepper-Hill, the Duke of Shrewsbury's; Ellefmer, the Bail of Bridgwater's-, Stokt Cadle, the Lord Craven's , Shefnab Mannor, the Earl of Stafford's ; High-Ercall, and Eytot, the Earl of Bradford's ; Botfield, Lye, Lord V ifeount Wey¬ mouth's ; Chirhurj, Lord Herbert of Cherbury's. ^oracrfettljire, - Is in the Diocefs of Bath and Welli ; 204 miles ir cumference j contains about 1075000 Acres, and 44685 Houfes: Has diverfe forts of Air and Soil; but for the mod part this County is very rich in Soil and Pafturage Its dirty ways make them fay, Bad for the Rider, goodJn the Abider. Its Rivers, Severn, Avon, From, Barret, Ton; and Time, Its chief Commodities are Corn, Cattle, Lead, Woad for Dyers, and Bnfiol Stones. Mendip Hills were found rich heretofore in Lead, now in Lapi, Calm,nan:. The Oxen in this Country vie with Lantajhirefo r the ftirelt in England. Its chief Manufaftures are Cloth and Serges At Chedder are the bed and larged Cheefes of England, made by the joint Stock of the whole PariQi. It has 3 85 Parilhei tnd 30 Towns; the chief, Briflol; pare of which llanm in this County, and part in Gloucejlerjhire : Bath, a City eminent for its hot Baths, fovereign in Palfut, Gout,, Rhtmatifim , Weaknefs of Nerves, and all fcrofuloui Diftempers: $4 miles from London. Wells, a City noted for its Cathedral Church ; tKe Streets well built and popu¬ lous. Thefe two Cities jointly are a Bilhop s See. launtn for Cloths; in making of which, 8500 Perfons are hen weekly employed. Glafienbury for its ancient Abbey ; B thefler likewife for Antiquity; Bruton for its fine Church, Free-School and Hofpital- Chief Seats are C evendon-Cm,, the Earl of Brill’s -, Bn,ton-Court, Lord Vifcount Fn* Harding's ; Hinton St. George, Court of Wick, Koin-Cnurt, Walton, Lord Paulett’s ; Cannington, Lord Clifford s ; St merton, Lord Stawell's i at Clavnton, Sir William Buffett s 40 Hogfheads of good Wine have been made in one Via tage. *B £(ie pjeCf &:atc Parti hum Lodge, Lord Vifcount Hereford's ; Dmham-HaU, Lori Vifcount TownJhendS ; tyhck-plaei, Lord North and Grey s; Broom-Had, Calf tri-tint. Lord Cornwatii’s. Slump, Is in the Diocefs of Wincbtjlcr, m miles in circumfe¬ rence ; contains about 59:000 Acres, and 54:18 Houl'et The Air is fweet; the Soil not very fertile towards tin middle,but rich intheSkirts. Irs Rivers,TfowK/.McIf, (which runs under Ground a Mile) Wandlt Vl'cy. Its Commodi. ties Corn, Box, Walnuts, and near Rytgate, Fuller’s Earth; it is worth 4 d fir Bufhel at the Pitt. It has 140 Parifhes, and 9 Towns; the chiefeft are the Borough of Southwark, containing above 10000 Houfes. Gtildftri, the Afltze Town, 15 miles from London. Kingfrn has a fine Bridge; at Crtjdm is the Archbilhop’s Summer Palace; a Free School and Hofpital founded by Archbiihop Whitgift-, near it are Binjkmi-Dwm, frequented for Hunting and Ri. cing* Chief Seats are Richmond, Nonfuch-Houfe, the Dutch* efs of Cleveland's, now demolilh’d; and 0 elands Palaces Royal; Mary and Wtybridgc, the late Duke of Norfolk's ; Wimhlttm, Duke of Leedi's ; Rowhampton , the Duke 0 Devonjhirt's ; Durance, Earl of Berkley's-, Flanthftrd, Earl of Plimouth's ■, Ryigate, Earl of Peterborough's\ Towting-gravney, Lord North and Grey's ; Pepper-harrow, Duke of Newcajlle's At Epfom are celerated Medicinal Waters ; fo likewife at Dulwich, where is a College and Hofpital for a Mailer, 4 Fellows, i: poor Men and Women, and as many poor Boys; a Chaplain, Schoolmalter, and Uflier.' At Nonjutl is a Vein of Earth fit to make Crucibles. &U£TfjC> Is in th* Diocefs of Chichejlcr ; 158 milos in circumfe- Knee ; contains about 1140000 Acres, and :i 557 Houfes. The Air is thick, yetefteem’d healthful; the Soil rich, the Land low, the ways in Winter deep. It has divers Rivers; but themoft confiderable is Arun. Its Commodities, Com, Cattle, Malt, Wool, Wood, Iron, Chalk, Filh and Fowl; among which, the delicate Wheat-tar Bird is peculiar to this County : A hufix Carp, an Arundel Mullet, a Cbichip Lobller, an Amtrley Trout, are famous. Its chief Mann- failures JO 2d)C$}efm atatc Parti. well endow’d, and drives a great Trade in Woollen Cloth, Cottons,Druggets, Serges, Hats and Stockings. Ktrby-LanJ'dal is a large Town, has a fair'Church, Stone-Bridge, and good Trade for Cloth : Appleby has a Free School and Hofpital- Chief Seats are Amflead-Tossrcr, and Betham-Hali, Earl of Du¬ ty's ; Appltby-Cajllc, Bromgb'Caltle, Brougham-Cajlle, Pendragon- i.fllllf, the Earl of Thanett’s ; WWtoB-H«il,Lord Whartons. Ie i 11 the Diocefs ol Salisbury, 140 miles in circumference contains about 876000 Acres, and 1709? Houfes. A plea lint and healthful Air and Soil ; the Men ate warlike ant hardy : Its Rivers, Ijis, Kennett, Avars, Willy and t>”.i Ida Its chief Commodities are Sheep, Wool, Wood, and choic Rabbits of/f»i»r»-Chafe. Here’s Knot-Grafs ordinarily ij lometimes 20 foot long ; its long Knots will fat Swine.Tht Woollen Manufafture of this County is very great; •it hi 704 Parilhes and 23 Towns, belidesthe City of Salisbury 70 miles from London; which has one of the fined Cathedral Churches in the World, founded by OfmlA, Bifhop thereof, hue built by Roger his Succelfor. It has as many Doors : Months, Windows as Days, and Pillars as Hours in the year its Steeple is the higheft Spire of England ; mod of the Stree of this City have Rivulets running all along through rher Near itis the filmed Wonder of Stonehenge; the drange Cavi between Uickington and Badmington, are fuppoied to hai been the Tombs of fome great Warriours. Hendon at Chippenham have great Markets. Its chief Seats are Marlbom Hottfe and Allington-Houfe, the Duke of Somerfet’s ; Eddingn the Duke of Bolton's ; Wilton and F.sljltn or Falierfdoson, tl lari of Pembroke's ; Charlton, the Earl of Berks ; Lrnglt I.nrd Vjfcount Vi'eymouth's ; f'Cardour-Caflle , Lord Anns iVarAo.tr s; Damerham, Duke of Hsaiajlle’s, Is in Vl'arccjltr Diocefs, 130 miles in circumference; ct tains about 540000 Acres, and 20634 Houfes. The l Iweet, the Soil rich for Tillage and Padurage, efpeciallyi V ale of Fmtjham. Its Rivers, Severn, Avon, Tearn,txc. Commodities, Lampreys, Chesfe, Cyder, Perry, Cherr Salt. Here are 151 Parilhes, and 11 Towns ; the chief rt I. of ENGL AND. : Ciry of ITorc.jhr, S6miles from London, a Bifliop’s See; ta fine Cathedral-Church, and great Cloth Trade. Stur¬ dy is noted for its Free School and Library, and didder- n/h-r for Stuffs. Chief Seats are Grafton, the Duke of rcreilmn's ; Lenchmick, the Lord Cravens; Crmil Court, 'iikniigb, Sevent-Stekc, and Fcclmhm Lodge, the Earl of io^kjBljirr, Is in Tori Diocefs, 320 miles in circumference; contains out 3770000 Acres, and 1061 y 1 Houfes. The Air di- irfe, the Soil generally rich : ’Tis divided into three Ri¬ ngs, Fad, North and Wed, which is the larged. Its Ri- ers, Humber, the conflux of many, Arc, C alder, Dan, Dir- ml, Hide, Oufe, Small, Yourt, Warf, Tat. Its Commodities orn, Cattle, fine Horfes, Allom, Jett, Lime, Fifh, Her- ngs near Scarborough ; Iron about Sheffield; Goats at Sureby. s Manufjftures Cloth, Stockings, Knives and Spurn. In the North Riding is a Traft of Land called Richmndfhirt, whole Hills afford Lead, Copper and Pit-Coal. Its chief Town Richmond. Here is in all 563 Parilh-Churches, with many Chappels of Fife, and 49 Towns; the Shire Town 3 ox, 150 miles from London, is the feccnd City of England, large and beautiful; hath in the middle of it a noble Stone- Bridge over the River Oufe, confiding principally of Onehuge Arch ;'Tis encloled withaftrong Wall; contains 31 Church¬ es and Chappels, whereof 28 are dill in ufe. Has a mag¬ nificent Cathedral Church, and is an Archbilhop’s See. Tiiis City is governed by a Mayor, who has the Title of Lord, which no other Mayor has but he of London. Hull, otherwife called Kingjlon upon Hull, is one of the dronged Fortref- les of England. Sheffield is noted for Smith’s Trade ; Rolht- r.m for three Schools; firfl for Languages, fecond for Mu- lid:, third for Wtiring.' Ktittruhmgh for Medicin.l Waters: Doncajhr for knit Wadcoats, Gloves and Stockings : Leeds for Clothiers : Sherborn for its Free-School : Pontifralf Knareslorough and Ripley for Liquorice : Rippon for Clothiers and Spur-makers : Boroughbridge has near it four huge Pyra¬ midal Stones, a Monument of Antiquity. Here are many excellent Harbours, as Scarborough, famous lijcewife for it; Medicinal Spaw'-Waters, Burlington, Sec. Chief Scots oicShcj fell Manner, Duke of Norfolk's ; Wrefficl-Caftle, Duke cfSomer 3 2 frlfltc Part I, j ftti j Slinglby C iiflli. late Duke of Newcafll-’s ; Bolton Gafllt and Boltin Kail, Duke of Boltin’s; Tho,< A/ff,Marquifs of Uadi fax's; XhMtou, Thorp-Hall, Walet-Uall, Harthil-Hall, Duke of Leeds's; I Snape, Earl of Exeter’s ; Markingfield, Earl of Bridgewater's ; Malgrave-Caftfe , Marquis of Hormanby’s ; Siipton-Cajlli, Earl of Vianet's ; Wenfmrth-Wtod-htnift , Tan^er/Iey, Tin- | /ley, Hoottm-Robert, Frier-Hmfr, late Earl of Straford’s ; Hendtrikelf-Cajlli, Grimthorp, Earl of Carlijk's ; Wkarltm- Caflle, Jerwaux-Abbty, Earl of Ailesbury's i Lawmborottgh, Bol- tm, Barden-Tower, Earl of Burlington s ; HornbyCaJIle, Patrick- Bmtptm, Hackforth, Anderbyle-Mi’rt, Earl of HotdcrncITs; C Horfe, 40000 Seamen, and to defray all other Charges of the Government Ordinary and Extraordinary. England without Wa'.ts, is divided into <5 Circuits, allot¬ ted to the 12 Judges to hold Allizes twice a year. It is alio divided by the King’s Jullices in Eyre of the 1 'otrelT, and by the Kings of Anns, into North and South ; that is all Coun¬ ties upon the North and South fide of Trots. \ CHAP. Part I. of ENGLAND. C II A P. IV. Of its Air, Soil, and Commodities, 2 !ir.] T’ll E Air is far more mild am! temperate (if not A more healthy.) than any part of the Continent under the fame Climate. By reafon of the warm Vapours of the Sea on every liue, and the very frequent Winds from the huge Weftern Ocean, the cold in Winter is lefs Iharp than in l'ome parts of France and Italy, which yet ate feated far more Sou- th:rly. And by reafon of the continual Binds of Wind from Sea, the very often interpofing of Clouds betwixt the Sun and Earth, and the frequent Showers of Rain, the Heat in Summer is leis Icorching than in fomc parts of the Conti¬ nent that lie much more Nortbvard, where neither Rain not Clouds appear for l'ome Months, and not much Wind felt. As in Summer the gentle Winds and frequent Showers, qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts, and make the Day pleafant; fo in Winter the Nights are moftly ferene and bright, and the Trolls do only meliorate the cultivated Soil, and the Snow keeps warm the tender Plants. In a word, here is no necelftty of Stoves in Winter, nor Grottoes in Summer. j&Oil.] It isblefled with a very fertile wholfom Soil,wate¬ red abundantly with Springs and Streams, and in divers parts with great navigable Rivers; and many more Rivers might ealily be made Navigable ; and feveral of late years have been made fo. It hath few barren Mountains and craggy Rocks, but generally pleafint Hills tifmg with ealie Afcenrs, and fruitful Valleys, apt for Corn, Grafs, or Wood. The excellency of the Eaglijh Soil may be learn’d (as Farro ad- vifed of old) from the complexion of the Inhabitants, who therein excel all other Nations, or elfe from the high value put upon it by the Romm and the Saxmu, who looked upon it as filch a precious fpoc of Ground, that they thought it worthy to b? fenced in, like a Garden-Plat, with a B 3 mighty 5 8 £ije ^jtfcnt State PaitL mighty Wall, of fourfeore miles in length, viz. from Tin- tnoush on the German Sea , to Solsoay-Fri i h on the JrijhSea, and with a monftrous Dike of ninety m iles, viz., from the mouth of the River Wye, to that of the 1 liver Dee. Laftly, the cxceliency of her Soil may aifo be learned from thole tranfeendent Eulogies bellowed on her by ancient and mo¬ dern Writers, who called England, The Gran ary of the Wetlcrr, World, The Seat of Ceres, The incxbiwpble Wd, &c. That her Valleys are like Eden, her Hills like Ltba.m, her Springs as Pifesb, and her Rivers as Jordan : That /he is aParadile of Plea lure, and the Garden of God. “Oh happy and “ blefled Britain! above all Countries in the World, Na- “ ture hath enriched thee with all the Biellingsof Heaven “ and Earth : Nothing in thee is hurtful to Man’s Life, no- “ thing wanting in thee that is delirable ; infomuch that “thou lecmeffianother World placed belides, or without ‘‘ the great World, meetly for the delight and jdeafure of “ Mankind. Commoflitiw.] As it is divided from the reft of the World, fo by real'on of its great abundance of all things neceffary for the Life of Man, it may without the Con¬ tribution of any part of the World , more eafily fublitl than any of its neighbouring Countries. Terra fail contenta bonis, non indiga mentis. Firft, For wholfom fubftantial Food, what plenty every where is here of Sheep, Oxen, Swine, Fallow-Deer, Co¬ neys, am! Hares ? It wants not Red-Deer, Goats, nor Roes. What abundance are hereof Hens, Ducks, Gcefe, Turkeys, Pigeons ? Of Partridge, Phcafants, Plovers, Teals, Thrulh- es, Merles, Field-fares, Onllcs, or Black-birds, Larks, Wild-Ducks, Wihl-Geele, Coal-Geefe, Swans, Wigens, Peacocks, Buntings, Snipes, Quails, Woodcocks, Lap- hwants not Sandling, Knot, Curlew, Bayning, Dotte¬ rel, Roe, Cur, Ruff, Maychit, Stint, Sea-Plover, Pewits, Ked-fhanks, Rails, and Wheat-ears, Herons, Cranes, Bit¬ terns, Buftards, Puffins, Godwirs, Heath-cocks, Moor-pouts, or Groufe-Thrufhes, and Throftles. Then for Fiffi, what plenty of Salmons, Trouts, Lam- prne, Loches, Gudgeons, Carps, Tenches, Lampreys, Pikes, Perches, Eels, Breams, Roches, Dace, Flounders, Plaice, Shads, Mullets, Kingdoms, Dorets. What part T. of ENGLAND. 39 What great abundance of Herrings, which in former times kept themfelves altogether about Norway, but of late take then Rounds about Midfummer to Scotland, Ju¬ ly to Scarbrough in Torkjhire, afterwards to the Thames mouth, and fo round about by Inland back into the North Seas , in incredible Shoals; as on tliefe Coafts are likewife of 1 Alackrel, Whitings, Cods, Gurnets, Haddocks, Pilchards, j Sprats, Oyfters for goodncfs and number almolt incredi¬ ble? We have great plenty likewife _of Lobfters, Crabs, Shrimps , Prawns , Mufcels, Cockles, tl'calops, Cray- tith, &c. We want not Soles, Conger, Turbots, Scate, Thorn- hacks, Mades, Smelts, &c. How doth England abound with Wheat, Barley, Rye, Pull'e, Beans, and Oats, with excellent Butter and Cheefe, Honey, Saffron, and many other choice Commodities for Pood, Medicine andFleafure? The Fields are fufliciently full of Tares, Vetches, Glo- ver-grafs, Hop-Clover, Sain-foil,Ray-grafs, Trefoil, Cinque¬ foil, Hops, Woad, Flax, Hemp, Rape-feed, Lucern, Dant- ziek Flax, Canary-feed, Muftard-feed, ire. For Drinks, England abounds with Beer, Ale, Sider, Perry, Metheglin or Mede, Brandy, made either of Mault cr Apples, &c. Here is great plenty of excellent Fruit. Fields, Woods and Hedges are ftored with Apples, Pears, Cherries, Plums, Wall-nuts, Small-nuts, Cheftnuts, Filberts, Strawberries, Bullace, Slows, Crabs for Verjuice, Blackberries, Huckle¬ berries, Dewberries, Elderberries, Services, and the like. But in Orchards and Gardens you have for riffles, the Pippin, Ktntifh, Kirttm, Golden, Ruffes, Holland, French, Pear- main, Reinet, Deux-ans, or John, Queening, Greening, julyflower, Harvey-Apple, Marigold, Early ripeJunettings, and Codlings, and innumerable many excellent forts for Sider, as Red-ftreak, Geuet-Moyle, &t. For Pears, the Summer and Winter Bon-Chretiennne, the Bergamot, Pop- pering, Bury du Roys, Orange, Greenfield, Windfor, Loa¬ ding, Meflire-Jean, Sugar, Mufque, Catherine, Warden, and forty others- For Plums, Pear-plum, Damfons, Damazens, MulTel, Per- drigon, Date, Imperial, S. Julian, Morocco, Great Antho¬ ny, Turkey, , rt I. of ENGLAND 1 4J >f Silver in one hundred Ounces of Oat; whereas thefe n U'.I111, Cornwall, Ltncajhirc and the Bilhoprick of Durham, icld ordinarily (lx or eight Ounces per Cmt. but thefe ying deep, are hard to come unto, and Workmen dear, ivhich is other wife in I’otoft. It wants not Hot Baths, as in Somcrjetjhirc, Darlyjhire ; md abounds in Medicinal Springs, as at Tunbridge, Ebjhum, Icarhroigh, Ailrop, Allan, Barnet, North-Hall, Dullidge, IfEng- Ytncjmds have been heretofore common in molt of the Southern and Middle Parts of England ; and Silks might be iere produced, as it was once defigned by King James the Fird; but a great part of the Natives, prone to Navigation, fupplying England at a very cheap rate with all forts of VVines, Silks, and all other Foreign Commodities, (ac¬ cording to that of an ancient Poet, Quicauid amat Ittxus, tjuicquid defiderat ufut, Ex te proveniunt, vel aliunde tibi.) it hath been found fir better Husbandry to employ Englijb Ground rather for producing Wool, Corn and Cattle, for which it is molt proper. Though feme Countries excel England in feme things, yet generally there is no one Country under Heaven, whofe Air is better Itored with Birds and Fowls; Seas, Rivers and Ponds with Filh; Fields with all forts of Com; the Paftures with Cattle; the Forelts, Parks, Warrens and Woods, with wild Beafts (only for Recreation and Food ;) the Mines with Metals, Coals, Alabafter, Marble, Free-done, and other Minerals; the Country Farms with Hens, Ca¬ pons, Turkeys, Geel'e, Ducks, Peacocks, Dove-houfes, Filh- ponds, Coney-Warrens, Pigs, Milk, Fruit, &c. Where are fewer ravenous and hurtful Beads, fewer venomous Ser¬ pents, or noifeme Flies and Vermin, fewer Droughts, In¬ undations or Dearths; fewer unwholfomc Serenes, pefti- lential Airs, tempeduous Hurricanes, fubterranetxis Fires, burning Mountains, or dedruftive Earthquakes : And al- tho’ a Pellilence hath formerly vilited us once in about twenty years, (yet never but when the Contagion hath been brought hither from other Countries.) God be praifed ’tis'mnv 35 years lince we felt that Calamity, and God grant it may never more return. In a word, where Part I. of E N G L A N D. 47 ies and Country, retired, or were driven, fome of them nto Britaigne in Fi ma, (from whence fome think they fiift rame) but mod of them i nto the two utmoft Weflern barren md mountainous parrs of this Country, called afterwards iy tile Saxons Wahjhland, or the Country of Aliens or Strangers, inhead of G.uHjhland ; as the Germans hill call In!) iVeljhhri, becaufe inhabited by the Cifalpine Gauls ; and he French call our Country cf Bricains, Lt Pais dc Gales. The Saxons lolely pollelfed of all the heft parts of this ile, were for a long time infefted, arid for fome time al- noft fubdued by the Danes, and afterwards wholly by the So,-mam, who drove not out the Saxons, but mixed with them ; fo that the Englijh Blood at this day is a mixture chiefly of War man and Saxon , not without a Tinfture of Banilh, Romi]h, and Britijl Blood. jflumber Of Inhabitants.] To give the Reader an ex- aft account of the Number of People • v,i. Dr. Darenanw Bat, in England, will be very difficult,but a iFa a Paph nuj U Grmtri nearConjefture may bethusmade. * ,u ‘f Tr « i ‘. England contains, according to the accurate Calculation of the judicious Mr. Houghton, in his Account of the Acres and Houfes, with the proportional Tax of each County of England and Wales, printed jfnuo 16513. 1175951 Houfes. Now allowing to each Houle, one with another, 6 Perfons» there will be found in all 7055706 Souls , and amongft them 1000000 of Fighting-men. All the Souls in France are computed at 13500000, or at the moft 15000000 , of which 270000 are Church-men, befides Nuns; the Clergy of Rngland being lcarce 20000. ffijtif ^language.] The Englifl) Tongue being atprefent much refined, exceeding copious, expreflive and fignificant, (by reafon of a liberty taken by the Natives, of borrowing out of all other^Languages what ever might conduce thereunto) is (as their Blood) a mixture, chiefly ofthe Old Soxont (a Dialeft of the TeutenickS) and the Old Norman, (a Dialeft of the French) not without fome favour of the Britain!, Romans, and Danes Languages. The Romans poflefling England, caufed their Tongue, the Latin, to be generally ufed in this Country. The Saxons liicceeding, introduced their Language where- foever they leated themfelves. The Normans afterwards getting pofleflion of England, cauled the Norman or Frock Tongue to be learned at School by 48 Eljc pjtfetit &tate Part I. by tlie Saxon- ; and for a long time, till '/< of Lh\mt Third, Laws, Statutes, Pleadings, Scrmom, hclioob, VI The Latin Tongue at prefent is made ul'e of in f.’oi Rolls, Records, Precedes of Courts, in Charters, Comm ons, Patents, Writs, Bonds, and fome Statutes are hill : in that Language. The Names of Shires, Cities, Towns and Villages, PI and Men in England, are generally Saxon; and l'o arei: Muni jitfillativc, and a great part of the I'crbi. In French, or rather Norman, are dill written the Comr Laws, and learnt by young Students thereof; all Repi Pleadings, all Moots and Law Exercifes, are wholly Fro Declarations upon Original Writs, all Records are wri in French; fome old Statutes arc dill in that Tongue Parliament the Alfent or Dillcnr to Bills, made by the I Lords or Commons, is in lunch : Almod all our Tern Hunting, Hawking, Dicing, Dancing, Singing, &c. dill French. iljaratttr.] The Natives of England, by reafon of temperate Climate, mild Air, plenty of wholfom Fo and the ufe of Beer rather than Wine; are commonly and big of Stanlre, jf compared with Southern Natl They are fair, efpecially the Women, whole Beaune: lading, Shapes fine, Mien agreeable, Ait fweet and ch. lng. Both Sexes are here well proportioned in Body, graceful in Carriage : grave, well-lpoken, prudent, moi free, lincere," pleafant, ingenious : The Men are dr contagious, warlike, (Eillicocijjhui, faith Bo.iin the Fundi I ticianj tefolute, enterpiizing, conflant, not know ing to fly in Battel: liberal to Prodigality, open-hearted, to be provoked, yet when exafperated,,ftumachful till faftion be given, and then they ate ealie to be rcionci They are fum ptuous and fplendid, great losers olTli tality, magnanimous and beneficent, learned, fagaci grateful : They are thought to be wanting in Indii (excepting Mechanicks, wherein they are, of all Nation greated Improvers) Caution, Sufpicion, Craft, Obfeijui nefs, and which is mod of all tobe deplored, Contcntedi but thefe Wants are fupplied by many eminent Quali tions, as Dexterity, Sagacity, Eloquence, Fidelity, Fri Blip, PubhtkTpiritednefs. Part I. of E N G L A N D. 49 The Diringnefs of the Souldicr, the Profoundnefs of the Suiolar, the Magnificence of the Gentry, the Robuftneft of SheWOTU JfC ' 10t ^ CliUalk ' d ky 2ny rCOple 1 lie Women are tender, elude, conflant, prudent, Joval inuiiilnous, pailionart y loving to their Relations, efpecially :!,e,r Husbands and Children, even to Fondnels : They are so! uithout Vanity (particularly in Cloaths, being change- ibk in their bafiiions and Furniture , which is fometinies ro.liiul) preicn ions to Satyr, Raillery, and the like : but 10 Women out-do em in Modedy, Clemency, Simplicity atience, Chanty, Providential Care, Temperance U'i'r’ ;ood Humour, Clennlinefs; and that which crowns’all the eft, in the Imceriry and zeal of Religious Devotion. Good Nature is a qualification peculiar to the Emlilh, fo leculiar, that as a noble Cricick obletves, there is no Word or it in any other Language The Inhabitants are generally of a warm ar.d elevated .ennis of brisk and lolid Parts, apprehenfive and iiibrle- Jccelsful in finding out new Difcoveries; but mod of all n improving ot old, efpecially, as I faid, Meclianicks; there eing tew Cunoiities of Art brought over from beyond lea ut are here improved to a greater height. Here are the bed Clocks, Watches, Locks, Barometers, herniometers, & The late Queen had a Clock made bv- hi h athoufand pound, in , are all the Motions of the Celcdial Bodies. Locks '7 e T 01 Jr, Brafs ' 0f «*)■ » hundred lovemem°of'a R ’ that 0ne part of the ement ot a Repeating Watch comes to ten pound, h ch makes them ordinarily fifty or fixty pound a Watch; f )et tliefe prove-profitable Merchandize when we fend fo valuable and fo inimitable he Work. Curious Telefcopcs, Microfcopes, Perfpe- V Mirrors, Spheres, Globes, Charts, Maps, and all forts lie W?I fi "iT?"’ Dia,S> Baliances > Sea-Cem- W /. fll0llld 1 me ntion the various Mnlical rtrL-’u"' ,'V“i h i" Cr ^ a ® r ‘ :e ' 1 ' ),e Confort is performed afs r rri- the u te ? r ? t Wrowmenrs in making h’in/, P cv" S r , be m ‘ ide - s °^ teat Iron t^uns; of .h ng up Ships that are lunk to the bottom of the ■ in hilling, as they call it, for Money, loft it may be 1 cars ago : And many other noble Inventions and Im- s° SEljc pjcftnt &!iite Part I. movements; as weaving Silk-Stockings; Mills of all forts, D Tapeftry. Ernhen Ware of Mb*, P-king Trumpets, Air Pumps, making of Luftrini,, Engines for railing of Clift, fanning of Glals, cutting of Tobacco, printing Stuffs, Linnen, Paper; mAing Damask, Lmnen, watering Silks; the way ot ieparatmg Gold from Silver Boulting Mills, La.ithoms of divers forts, Cane Chaus, 11 The D Nltivcs will endure long and hard Labour, info- much that after u hours .hard work, they will go in the Fvcnine to boot-ball , Stool-ball, Cricket, Prifon-bafe, Wreftling, Cudgel-playing, or feme fuch like vehement lixeicife, for their Recreation- They arc as long-liv’d generally as the People of'any’Ne tion in the World. A Man is not here accounted Old till -o not very Old till 80 ; ’tis no very extraordinary thing to come to 90 : and here are feveral who get their L.veli- hood by Handicraft Work at ioo«n upwards. Not many years ago, 8 old Men danced a Morrice-Dance, all living in one Manour in the Weft of E,,gM whofe Ag« put together made 800 years; and in the year dved old Purr, aged 15a, who lived m 10 Reigns And in the year 1671 dyed Henry Jahn; of M/lnrj Aged 168 years. But fuch long Livers were born of, healthy Parents, and lived temperate lives, where on the other fide by reafon of intemperance, there no part of the World wherein People are more fubjeft die fuddenly. CHAP- VI. Of Religion. T H E Chriftian Religion was planted in fiigif pm U! ftimu ( faith GiUat ) Jummt Tiim, Cajiro which by Computation, will fill to be five Years befo St Piter came to Rime, and about five Years after the deiu ^fcfaSfo affirmed by feme That immediately after ft Stiphm's Death, and thejwr difperfion, Jififu of Aw# Part. I. Df ENGLAND. yr with twelve others here preached ami died : That the firff Fabrick of a Chriftian Clnirch or Temple in all the World, was at GlaflciAitri in Sen,crjet]b ; rc, 31 Years after Chrift’s death; but feme better Authorities fpeak of Simon Zeletes miAn'Jhkltti, mentioned by St. Patti, their preaching the Golpei here, and fealing it with their Martyrdom. After¬ wards, Anne 180, the Chriftian Faith was here profiled (as ’tis faid) by publick Authority under King Lncins, the firft Chriftian King in the World, and with ChrilTianity, no doubt came in the Epifcopal Government, as may be feen in the Catalogue of Britijb Bifhops: And it is cer¬ tain, that at the Council of Arks , Amis 34.7, there were three Archbilhops of England , viz., of London, York, and Caerken ; whereof the firft had for his Province under him the South ; the fecond, all the Nsrth ; and the third, all be¬ yond Sow™, or the IVeJ! part of this Iflind. Under thefe three Archbilhops, there were reckoned about that Age, twenty eighc Bifhops, all which did obferse the Cuffoms and Orders of the Greek or Enjlem Churches, and particu¬ larly that of Eajler, different from the Latin Cuftoms, or mjleni Churches, notwithstanding Victor, Biihop of Rmt A:an ton, had excommunicated all Churches that did fo; nor did they acknowledge Rente to be the Mother of the Entamuck Church. We wercobedent to Chriftianity svhen we were Strangers to Rente : Britannorum inaccejfa Romanis lica ChriJIe veto fulniita, Tertul. adv. 'Jud. cap. 7. And if the Golpei was received here fooner than in France or Spain, it is one rcafon why we Ihould have the Precedence. Bri¬ tain was then a Patriarchal Jurifdiftion in Subllance, though perhaps not in Name, and fo continued, until about the year 596, when Anjltn the Monk, fent hither from Rente, by Pope Gregory the Great, a (Tided by the Fraud of 40 other Monks, and by the Power of the then Heathen Angle Sax- eat (who had long before driven the Britain! into Wales) and their King Ethelbcrt, whom he had converted to the Chriftian Faith, conftrained the Britijb Bifhops, here being then but feven, be/ides the Archbifhop of Caerleen, to fubmit them- felves to the Biihop of Rome, not without the MalTacre of raoo Religious Perlons at Banger , who had oppofed the In- troduftion of Papal Authority ; fo foon began the bloody Game here in England, After which by the Connivence or Condefceniions of the fuccelfive Saxon and Norman Kings, this Church was in feme things fubjefted to the Biihop of j 2 SLlje Relent £tatc Parti, Rows, as its Patriarch or Primate : lint (ince England hath become one intire Monarchy, none of out Kings ever tub- jetted themlelves to any foreign Power, either Spiritual or Temporal, till King 'Jehtt, perlecuted in the midft of Ins Barons War by the Pope, religned his Crown to Pandnlpliu the Pope’s Legate, and took it again from him as from the Pope : But, (as Sir Thmas Smith faith, from whom I have borrowed divers Paflages in this Treatife,) “ That Aft be- “ ing never ratified by Parliament, was never of any force “ to bind this Realm, Cent W. ef Eng. ft? ao. However, it could never free it felf from Papal Ufurparion, until Hen. VIII. by his Royal Authority (as he and all other Kings might remove their Chancellors or other Officers, and difpoleof their Offices to others) did remove the Pri¬ macy or Metropolitanlhip from the See of Rente to the See of Canterbury ; as being far more agreeable to civil Policy and Prudence, that fuclr a high Power fliou'.d be placed ei¬ ther in a Subjeft of our own Nation, than in a Sovereign Prince (for fo is the Pope over feveral Territories in ltd]) and he far remote beyond the Seas: Which ejeftion of the Pope’s Authority was not done, as in other Nations, by popular I'ury and Faftion, but by the mature deliberate Counlel of godly and learned Divines sflembled in Con¬ vocation, with the exprefs Authority of the King, and ra¬ tified by the Three States in Parliament. The Minds of Englijl Chridians thus delivered from the Spiritual Tyranny of the Bilhop of Rente, and the Dignity of Ettglijh Kings from the Spiritual Slavery under him, King Edward the Sixth, and (after a direful interval of Queen Mary’s Reign) Queen Elizabeth of blefled Memory, and the Clergy, took this Occafion more fully to reform the many Abufes and Errors crept into the Church, in length of time, by flip great negligence and corruption of Governourr; wherein the Wifdom of the Englijh Reformers, had.been to be admired to all Pofterity, had not the Enemy fosved Si- ctilegious Tares in this large Field of Reformation, which fetting alidc the yet inexpiated Robberies of Church-Lani and Goods committed in thofe times by the infatiable Avi- lice of prevailing Courting was thus in all other RefpeQs, lioufiy and prudently managed- Firit, left that (as often happens in indifereet Purges and where-ever only the People hath been the Reformers] the goer/ Ihould be taken away with the l>ad ; care was takeo Parti. of ENGLAND. fJ to retain all that could lawfully and conveniently be re¬ tained in tlie Romijh Liturgy or Mafs-Book, in their Cere¬ monials and Canons; to take out all tile Gold, and to re- jeft only the Drofs : And it was refolved not to feparate farther from the Church of Rome in Doftrine or Difcipline, than that Church had l'eparated from what fhe was in her puteft times. For Doftrine they embraced that excellent Counfel of the Prophet, State J’uper vias antitpuat , & nit. detc quanam fit via recta, & ambulate in ea ; they made a (land, and took a view of the pured primitive Chridian times, and thence faw which was the right way, and fol¬ lowed that. For the Difcipline of this Reformed Church, they con- fidered what it was in the pured times of the lirft good Chridian Emperors of the times of Perfecution (before Temporal Princes embraced the Chriftian Faith) as they were mod excellent times for Doftrine and Manners: fo very improper and unfit for a Pattern or Example of out¬ ward Government and Policy. And had this Juflice, Pru¬ dence and Divine Policy been ufed in our neighbouring Reformed Churches, doubtlefs they had l’een a far more plentiful Harveft. The Doftrine of the Church of England is contained in / exprefs Words of the Holy Scripture, in the 39 Articles, agreed upon in a Synod at Union 1561, and the Book of The Worlhip and Difcipline is feen in the Liturgy and Book of Canons; by all which it will appear to impartial Foreign Eyes, that the Church of England may warrantably be ftrid to be the mod exaft and perfeft Pattern.of all the Reformed Churches in the World ; and whofoever is fo happy as to be a true Son of this Church, mud confefs, that it is the mod Solid, Incorrupt, Innocent, Charitable, Humble, Learned, the mod Primitive, mod Decent and Regular Church in Chridendom; That her Doftrine is kilt upon the Prophets and aipo/lles, according to the Explica¬ tion of the ancient Fathers; thf Government truly Apodo- lical, and in all cdential parts thereof of Divine Inditution; The Liturgy, an extraft of the bed Primitive Forms; the Ceremonies few, but necertary, and fucli as tend only to Decency and increafe of Piety : that die dands upon the whole, and (nothing but the) true Catholick Foundation ac¬ cording to the Scripture, and the four fird general Coun- E 3 cils; y 4 SCbc pjcfcnt State Part I. j cils; that flie adheres clofely to Tradition truly Univerfal; . that’is, doth willingly receive, yicd A nrnibtu, r it keepetli the middle way, between the Pomp of Sr.wrflitious Tyranny, and the meannefs of Fanatick In two Points the Church of England is truly ttanfeen- dent : Firfi, it hath the grand Mark of the true Church, which moft Enrtprm Churches l'eem to want, and that is, Charity towards other Churches j for it doth not fo en¬ graft 1 leaven to its own ProfelFors, as to damn all others to Hell. Secondly, it is the great Glory of the Englijl Prcufiant Church, that it never refilled Authority, nor in- gaged in Rebellion, nor ever allowed of taking up Arms v ithotit lawful Authority , or invincible Necefiicy, in which only, known and univerfally acknowledged Laws and Conftittitions arc to direft, that it did ever maintain 1 the Primitive Decline of Paflive Obedience and Non-re- fifiance ; a Praife, that makes much to her Advantage, in the Minds of all tliofe who have read or heard of the dif- mal upd devillifh effefts of tile Holy League in France by Papifis. 'the Holy League and Covenanr of Puritans in Sett- land, and the Solemn League and Covenant of Fresbyterk ans in England, ^' As fur the Scandal begotten by the late Troubles, and I Murder of King Charles the Firft, which Ibme of rile lt»- mijb Incendiaries endeavour to throw upon rhe Englijh Re¬ ligion ; it hath been fufficjently manifefted, that not one Perfon that was a known Favourer, andPratticer of that Religion as now by Law eftablifhed in England, was any way an Abetter of that horrid Murther ; for that our Reli¬ gion neithdb gives fiach Rules, nor ever did fet fuch Ex¬ amples; nor indeed that can be truly laid to be an Aft, either of the Parliament or People of England, but only of Parti. , of ENGLAND. jj- a few wretched Mifcreants, Sons of Belial, that had no fear of God before their Eyes. In a word, here is norhing wanting in order to Salvation : we have the Word of God, both Old and New Teftament in the vulgar Tongue ; the faith of the Apoftles, the Creeds of the Primitive Church, the Articles of the four firft General Councils, a Holy Li¬ turgy, and due Adininiftration of Sacraments. We teach Faith and Repentance, and the necefiity of Good Works, and ldricfly exaft the feverity of a Holy Life. We are taught Obedience to God, to be ready to part with all for his Sake, to Honour his mold Holy Name, to Worfliip him at the mention of his Name, to confefs his Attributes, and frequent his Ordinances; to have Places, Times, Per- fons, and Revenues confecrated and let apart for the Service and Worlhip of our Great God, Creator of Heaven and Earth. We hold a'charitable Refpeft towards all ChriHians : We confefs our Sins to God, and to our Brethren, whom we have offended, and to God’s Minifters and Prielts, in cafes of Scandal, ot of a troubled Gonfcience; and they duly abfolve-the penitent Soul. We have an uninterrupted Succeflion of Reverend, Learned, and Pious Bifliop’s, who Ordain Priclfs and Deacons, Conlecrate Churches, Confirm the Baptized at a due Age, Blels the People, Intercede for them, Vifit oft their refpeSire DiocelTes, taking care of all Churches, that they be ferved with as good and able Pallors as the (mall Maintenance can invite ; keep Hofpi- tality as St. Paul admoniiheth, and Preach as often as oeca- fion requireth. An ABSTRACT of till A S. TIC LES of tk Church of England which are a Summary of its Dodrirse. i.T H E Unity of the Godhead, and Trinity of Perfons. X z. That the fecond Perfon, The Word was made Fkjh, being in two diftinft Natures, and one undivided Perfon, Chrill, very God. and very Man ; whofuffered, was cru¬ cified, dead, and buried ; a Sacrifice to God for original and aftual Sin. E* 3. That j6 JTIjc pjtfnu atate Part I. 3. Tha 1 : | ie Jef^cnded into Hell. 4. Tint he aroi'e again from Death, anil afeended into Heaven, and lhall return again to judge all Men at the lift Day. s. That the Holy Ghoft proceeded from the Father and the Son ; of the fameSubftance, Majcfty and Glory ; very and Eternal God. 6. That the Holy Scripture containeth all things necefla- ry to Salvation, viz. thefe Books, which are Canonical: Ccn. Exod. L'.vit. Numb. Dcui. JoJh. 'jtidg. Ruth, r of Sum. 2 of Sum. 1 of Kings. 2 of Kings, 1 of Cbm. 2 of Chron • r of Ejdrus, 2 of Ejdrus, Either, Jeb, Pjalnts, Pfov. Eeelef Cum. four greater Prophets, twelve lefs Prophets. The jifwhrypbal are to be read for Example of Life, and Inftruftion of Manners; viz. third and fourth of Ejdrus, Tobit, 'Judith, the reft of EJlittr, Wifdem, Eeclejiaftictu, Bu¬ nch, Smgcf the three Children, Hiflory of Sulannah, of Bell and the Dragon, Prayer of Manalfes, firft and fecond Book of Maccabees. That all the Books of the New Tcfltmnt as commonly re. ceived, are Canonical. 7. That the Old Teflamtnt doth agree with the New, in offering Eternal Life by the Mediatorfhip of Chrift : That the old Fathers look’d farther than on tranlitory Promifes; and that altho’ the Ceremonial and Ritual Law doth not ftill bind, yet the Moral Commandments do. 8. That the three Creeds, m. of the Apoflles, Ate, and A'hunufi.m, ought throughly to be believed, and may be warranted out of Scripture. 9. That Original Sin is the Corruption of every Man’s NatU'e, and a continual propenhty to Evil, deferving God’s Wrath. 10. That we can do no good Works without the Grace of God by Chrift preventing us. 11. That we are juftilied only for the Merit of our Lord and Saviour Jefus Chrift by Faith, and not for our own Works. 12. That Good Works, acceptable to God in Chrift, do necelftnly fpring out of a true Faith , which is known by ’em as a Tree by its Fruit. 13. That no Works done before the Grace of Chrift, and Ir.fpiration of his Holy Spirit, are good. 14. That y8 Eljc P’CiCiU State Parti, 2j. That Sacraments ordain’d of Chrift, are not onl; Badges or Tokens of Chriftianity, but rather fine VVif. nefles, and eifeflual Signs of Grace, and God’s good Wit towards us. That the two Sacraments ordain’d of Clm:; are Baptifm and the Supper of the Lord ; and that Con firmation, Penance, Orders, Matrimony, and Pxtreai Unitton are not Gof|>el Sacritnents, having no vifihly Sign or Ceremony in the Gol'pel. That the Sacraments wee not ordained to be ga/.ed upon, or carried about in Pro ceflion, but for a due ufe, and that they have a wholfom effeft only upon worthy Receivers, and a quite contra; to others. 16. That the Unworthinefs of Minifters make none d Chrift’s Ordinances ineffeftual to worthy Receivers. 17. That Baptifm is a vilible Sign and Seal of Regenen- tion; and that the Baptifm of young Children is mod t greeable with the Infti tution of Chriih 18. The Sacrament of the Lords Supper is to worth; Communicants, a partaking of the Body and Blood 0 Chrift : That Tranfubftantiation cannot be proved by H<* Writ, but is repugnant to it : That the Body of Chrift i given, taken, and eaten only after an Heavenly and Spiriti al manner by Faith; and that this Sacrament was not b; Chrift’s Ordinance refetved, carried about, lifted up, 0 worlhipped- 29. That the wicked are not in this Sacrament Partake! of Chrift ; but rather to their Condemnation, do eat as drink the Sign of fo great a thing. 30. That the Cup is not to be denied to the Laity.' 31. That the one Oblation of Chrift, as a Propitiatitn and Satisfaction for Sin, was frnifhed upon the Crofs i an; that the Pepijh Sacrifices of Malles were Blafphemous. 32. That Marriage of Priefts is not unlawful. 33. That the Convention of Perfons hxcommunicatt! is to be avoided. 34. That Traditionsand Ceremonies ate variable, accori ing to the Authority of every particular and National Church. 3;. That the Second Book of Homilies contains thi Do&rine which is godly and wholCbme. 3 6. That the Book of Confecranon of Archbilhops a® Bifhops, and orderiilg of Priefts and. Deacons, fet forth 1 the time of Edvard the Sixth, is Religious and Godly; a 1 * tn«l Part I. of E N G L A N D. they that are Confecrated and Ordained according to the fame Rites, are rightly, orderly and lawfully Confecrated and Ordained. 37. That the Sovereign Perfon in this Realm, is chief Governour in this Realm, of all Eftates, in all CaufesEccle- (iafal ot Civil, according to that only Prerogative which we fee to have been given always to all Godly Princes in Holy Scriptures by God himfelf : That the Bilhop of Rome hath no Jurifdiftion in Eugland : That the Laws of the Realm may punilh Chriftian Men with Death for heinous Offences. That it is lawful for Chriflian Men at the command of the Magifirate, to wear Weapons, and ferve in the Wars. 38. That the Goods of Chrifiians are not common, yet that Almfgiving is every Man’s Duty, according to his Ability. 39. That as vain and ralh Swearing is forbidden by Chrift and his Apoflle St. Jams, fo when the Magifirate requires, a Man may teftifie upon Oath in a Caufe of Faith and Cha¬ rity, fo it be done in Juflice, Judgment, and Truth. This is a faithful Summary or Abridgement of the 39 Articles, agreed upon by rhe Archbifhops and Bifhops of both Provinces, and the whole Clergy, in the Convocation held at London, 1362, for the avoiding of diverfities of 0- pinions, and for the eflablifhing of Conlenc touching true Religion, with the Aflent of Queen Elizabeth of happy Me¬ mory, and again confirmed by rhe fame Authority jinno Dm. 1571. The Articles themfelves at large, with the Learned Annotations of Mr. Rogers upon them, and lately the Expofition of Dr. Burnet the Lotd Bifhop of Salisbury, are well worth any Man’s petufal. r Even fince the beginning of our Reformation, there are .fome few Families in feveral parts of England, have prefix¬ ed in the Romijh Religion, and are ufually called Papijlt, from Papa, the old Title of the Bifhop of Rome. Again!! tliefe there are divers levere Laws Hill in force, but thofe Laws have been more rarely put in Execution ; that the cle¬ mency and gentle ufage fliewn to them here, may beget in Rmijh States and Potentates abroad, the like gentle treat¬ ment of their Protefiant Subjefls, and of the Englijl, living within their Dominions. And Part I. of E N G L A N D. 61 And they mud fubfcribe a Profeflion of their Chrifliaa Belief in thefe Words. J A. b. 3D/ofrte fait!) in ©oB tlje fatljer, anl) in Jrfuff (llyiU I)is eternal Son, tlje true ©on, an& in rlje ijolp Spirit, one ©on blcffco to; ebermoje; ana do acfenotoleDge tlje iDoly Scriptures of the .Dio anD Jjieto SCettament to be gitai bp tibiae ^nfpira- tion. Touching the 3cm, which by the late Ulurper were ad¬ mitted at London, and fince continued by the bare permiflion of the King, and differed to hire a private Houfe, wheri- intohold their Meetings; they are not confiderable either for Number, making not above 80 or ioo Families; or for their Wealth or Abilities, being for the moffpatt poor and ignorant, to what they are in other Countries. CHAP. VIII. Of Trade. N Ext to the purity of our Religion, we are the mod confiderable of any Nation in the World, for the vaftnefs and extenfivenefs of our Trade. Trade is either Inland , or Maritime. By our Inland Trade, we appear to have great Stocks of Money, well divided into many Purfes. The King’s £*- thtijuir, as in other Countries, doth not hoard up the great- eft part; nor is it in the Hands only of Nobles and Patri¬ cians, no nor Merchants and Bankers, much lefs of Mono¬ polizers and Ufurers ; but the generality of Traders find fufficient for their ule, buying and felling for ready pay¬ ment, nor as formerly at 3, 6, or 9 Months end, but with ready Money ; which hath here a fwifr and conftant Cir¬ culation ; and which ifiakes all forts of Commodities cheap amongft us, altlio’ Money be plentiful ; for Men can raids themfelves ( with God’s BlefTing) goodEftates, from the modeft Gains of 3 or 4 per Cent, fooner than they could ) ir t I. of E N G L A N D. The Manufacture of Wool in Broad-Cloth, long and fliort; \ T c>rrhern Dozens, Rallies, Kerlies, Bays Serges, Flannel, ’erpetuano’s, Says, Stuffs, Prize, Penifions, Stockings, Caps, Ruggs.ch-. exported , may be computed to amount to tcooooo /. per annum- Lead, 7 in, and Coals, to the value Prodigious and almoft incredible is the value liketvife of other Goods from hence Exported ; viz. Hops, flax, Hemp, Hats, Shoots, All, Beer, Red Herrings, Pilchards, Salmon, 0y. (lets, Saffron, Litjuorice, Watches, Ribbands, Toys, See. The Veltments, Hats, Shooes Houlhold-ltuff, carried from rence yearly to Amtrica, is computed at '200000 /. I mention not Wool! and Fullers-Earth, becaufe they are prohibited, England produces yearly 5000000 Chaldrons of Sea-coal, riooooo pounds of Tin, 800 Fodders of Lead, 800 Furna¬ ces of Iron, 800 Tuns of Allom ; of all which great quan¬ tities are exported to foreign Parts. Secondly our Tranfportation or Re-exportation, to wit of Commodities brought hither from other Nations, and ex¬ ported again, is very conftderable, and of great advantage to the Kingdom for the increafe of our Shipping, and Mari¬ ners, Money and Credit. And lirlt, we make great advan¬ tage herein by the Kingdom of Inland ; enriching that out Nation by buying their Commodities, and our felves by tranfporting ’em to other Countries, with gain : For the Wool), Butter, Hides, Tallow, Beef, Herrings, pilchards, and Salmon, which we tranfport from Ireland, being the con¬ cerns of our Merchants, and paying Duties to his Majefty, have been reckoned at 30000c , p, An. We tranfpott from our Plantations in America, befide what we confume our felves, of Sugar, Indico, Tobacco, Cacao-Nuts, drr. belidestlfe Fill), Pipe-Staves, Malts, Bever, &c- from New-England and the Northern parts of America, 10400000 l. per An. Twould be tedious to enumerate the value of our Tran- fportations from Denmark and Sweden, Spain, Portugal, the Sr nights, Turks), Guinea, Sec. The molt conliderable of all is that from the EaJI-Indies, from the firlt begining of that Trade till now. In its Infancy, viz. Anno 1613, of Pepper only, befide what we confumed at home, we tranfported in one year to other Countries, after it had paid Duty here, to the value of 200000 I. andnowoflate years, our Exportation of what we bring from thence, after wc have fufticiently tl. Of ENGLAND. t’.V !MV (HflibJe Mr. Ftr:ny, might reckon the ■ 151 : JiiCC ! ‘ 1 ‘- 7Vj -* much greater than truly' at the very lame _ rime, the Froth eftimated l).ci-i"!ii.')Ce on the hide : yet doubtlefs, the : ’ll !< .: yearly by the rnneh Tradti conliderable Sum. 1 jr me l.mic time, all the Commodities exported out /; into Vrmct ,as Woollen Cloth,Serges,Knit-Stock* e. Lead, Pewter, Allom, Coals, ire. did not amount ,'.’(ive 1 300000 ; pcr jiimm So that the Nation was illy inipovcnlhedby the Innen Trade, almoft tfooooo /. . Vi,™. Thus our siold andSiiver was exported to fetch m thence Strong Drink, and Fripperies, to the debauch* ■ and emalcularing our Bodies and Minds, nr the Toys and Trumperies of other Nations we like* 0 expend great Sums of Money, or lelTen our Effefts a. :J by Bills of Exchange, and that (which is the greatefl ie of all to us) even for bare Freight; fufferingthe X icn, Flemmings, and Uamiurghers, to be (in a manner) ‘ common Carriers between ns and all parts of the iTid; a Grievance which Cnonvaa Government {'the ^ of tunas; and aftenvirds the Aft of Navigation. C..* 2. remedied, by forbidding all Foreigners to im- any thing hither, but each one the Produft of his own . cry way we are indeed too lavilh of our Silver and 1 ; not only expending great quantities needlefsly, buc ing it prodigally and irreparably. About 8o years ago, i examination it was found, that more than 80000/. •/. n teas yearly wafted here in Enghmi in Silver Thread, Spangles, belides Gold ; and how much mors CMV lpend, may be ealily computed by the increafe of Luxury: for whereas we complain of Taxes, it may Mibly be fiippofcd, that the fuperftuous Expences of I! '. n ^''^ rcn ’ uou hl almoft have half maintain’d U.l indeed, (liould I difeoutfe fully of all our difad- yes, with the caufes of’em, in reference to the ballance ■ ;c, to gam, and prof: as it is a National concern, ic ' take up too great a lhare in this Book. Every one -' well enough, how lazy, prodigal, and expenftve, e* Mrvanrs, and the pooreft iorr among!} us are; how 1 we want Hands for the Improvement of our Manu- "es, and yet how many Beggars and unimploy’d Per* itt!e our Fifiiing Trade, that lie of ib great advai o the Kingdom, is encouraged ! ’1 lie l illi whicu ly. in )iir Coarts, is laid to employ the Hollanders laco Ship' scooo Men. Sir Walter R.ikifh made appear to King „ he Firft. that the Dutch jutiy lei! of Herring'- catch nir Coaft,to the \ alueof lyyaoo/- belides what they I hemlelves, and fend to the Ssniyit!, Spain, and a grea af France. Sir C/j/W’s Hook tellsus, they gam soci i year by our I'ilh : and with how much more advanrar :an he the gainers when we pleafe than they, let any judge : How much likewile we Ihould cmich the Lai fu much Trealiire got out of our one Seas, which ; two or three Millions of gain to our Neighbours y if we reckon others with the Dutch ; how many pool pie it would fet at work : how plentiful and_ cheap an increafc of Edibles would make all forts of l’rovil How it would cncteale Shipping, be a Nutfery of , ners; fo that we ihould never want Men to fet nut a . if cm Eifliery were encouraged, as it might ealily be Inftcad of fuch Encouragements for the Improvemt Trade, how many Misfortunes do we lie under r The have pot moll of the Eajlland Trade from us, andalnn that of RttJJia ; they have quite outed us in a manner c Cr«y Trade, only we have lome hopes that a lat.... of Parliament may have fume good Lfteft for the retlij ving that ; but fill they are like to engrofs the great Tnl for China and 'Japan, and greatert part of the Plate Till from Cadiz, as they bas e all the Eajl-India Trade for Nr megs, Cloves and Mace, and inolf of the Trade fromo own Territories of Scotland, if not Ireland. Why Ihould I mention how much we contribute to the! Misfortunes by our own Carelefnels, not to fay Difuip unity, the fahe making of our Cloth (tho’ the falferflj ndngs Pttetch it fometimes to unreafonable lengths.) and t! falfe Packing of our Fifh, 6'c. I am weary of this ungnt ful Topick, and leave it for abler hands to purl’ue. The Advantages in which we fliine are fill very gr« and of late years in many refpefls vartly improved. ! 1 Part I. of ENGLAND. 6 9 tion of the Paul Laws ; a thing which hath been fo popu¬ larly exclaim’d for by fome eminent Traders. The litte¬ red of Money is here but 6 per Cent, at the utinoft, and upon fome Securities, but at 5,4, or 3. And thus having given the Reader a fliort and curfory Defcription of this Nation, I proceed to the Second Part of the Prejatt State of ENGLAND. F % THE THE ftctent &tatc OF ENGLAND. Parc II. GOVERNMENT. CHAP. I. Of the Government of England in general O F Government there can be but Three ; for either Oiit, or A lire, or All, mud hare the Sove¬ reign Power of a Nation. If One, then it is a Monarchy ; if A lore, then it is an Adembly of af! the mod choice Perfons, an Ariftocracy ■, or of a few, an Oligarchy ; if All, (that is, the Alfembly of the People,) then it is a Democracy. Of all Governments, the Monarchical as mod refemblingthe phinity, and neated approaching to PerfeBm (Unity be¬ ing the Perfeftion of all things) hath ever been edeemed F a the 72 STfje pjcfcnt §jtatc Part II, the mod Ancient, as appears by the Patriarch (who vtat Monarchs) in the Old Tejlament, and throughout the whole Jtsvijh Oeconomy, tile Government was Monarcbica! ; be the Title Duke, or Prince, or 'Judge, or Captain, or King, ’Owe a;a3«V ctcEmigym: xd fyv& «;&>, E/f IvnfJjf., -Horn. II. a.. hr the Tranjgrejfons ef a Lund, many arc the Princei crRs. Icri thereef, Prov. 28..a. Of Monarchic!, fome are Dejpotical, where the SnbjeSi, like Servants, are at the Arbitrary Power and Will of their Sovereign, as the Turks and Barkariant. Others Politicil or Paternal, where the Subjefh, like Children under a lb. ther, are governed by equal and juft Laws, contented and fworn unto by the King; as is done by all Chriftian I’iin- cesat their Coronations. Of Monarchies, fome are Hercditaiy, where the Crown defeends either only to Heirs-Male, as in Fr«n« hath been long praQifed; or to the next Blood, as in Spain, England, be. Others ElcSiive, where, upon the Death of every Prince, without refpeft had to their Heirs or next of Blood, ano¬ ther by folemn Eleftion is appointed to fucceed, as in Po¬ land, and till of late in Detmar^, Hungary and Bohemia. Of Hereditary Paternal Monarchies, fome are Dependent , and liolden of Earthly Potentates ; and are oblig’d to do Homage for the fame j as the Kingdom of Scotland ftho’ this be ftifly denied by Scotch Writers! and of Man, tint held in Capita of the Crown of England, as appears plainly by the Writs of Summons to Parliament, directed to thi King of Scotland before the time of Edvard the Third, in fie & ,horn agio, and afterwards in fide & legiantia, and the Kingdom of Naples, holdcn of the Pope. Others Independent, holden only of God, acknowledging no Superiour upon Earth. Our Government is purely Mo¬ narchical. * England is an Hereditary Paternal Monarch, governed by one Supremo Independent Head, according to the known Law’s and Cuftoms of the Kingdom. It is octree Monarchy, challenging above many other Eurh pcan Kingdoms, a Freedom from all Subjettion to the Em¬ peror, or Lqws of the Empire : (for that the Roman Entpr PartII. of ENGLAND. 7J rm obtaining anciently the Dominion of this Land by force of Arms and afterwards abandoning the fame, the Right by the Law of Nations returned to their former Owners pro acre licit), as Civilian, fpeak.) ’ It is a Monarchy free from a)] manner of Subjeffion to the Bilhop of Roue, and thereby from divers inconveniences and burdens, under which the Neighbouring Kingdoms groan; as appeal, to Rome in Jandry Eccltfiaflica! Suic^ p n . -cifms, Difpenfatimr, Confirm dim,, Bulb, &c. on feveral Caufes to be procured from thence ; many Tribute, and Tam paid to that Bifhop, &c. It is a Moiurcly tree from a ]l Interregnum, and with it from many Mrlchiefs whereunto Elective Kingdoms are fubjeft. England is fuch a Monarchy, as that, by the neceffary fubordinate Concurrence of the Lords and Commons in the making and repealing all Statutes or Afts of Parlia¬ ment, it hath the main advantages of anuirifiocracy, and of a Dmocracy, and y*t free from the Difadvantages and E- vils of either. It is fuch a Monarchy as by mod admirable Tempera¬ ment affords very much to the Indufiry, liberty and Happi. nif: of the Subjeft, and referves enough for the Majefly and Prerogative of any King that will own his People is Subjefts, not as Slaves. It is a Monarchy that without Interruption hath been continued almoft 1000 Years (and till of late.) without any attempt of Change of the Government; fo that to this fort of Government the Englijh feem to be naturally inclined. ' CHAP' £!jc piefnit »>fntc Part II. Of the King «/ENGLAND, and therein of U, _ Name, Title, I'trfon, Office, Supremacy, and Sove¬ reignty,Power, and Prerogative, Dominions, Strength, Patrimony, Arms and Rcfficcl. K is Dei Gratia o/England, Scotland, France, and hehni,K:ng, D,finder of the Faith. Defender of the Faith, was anciently ufed by the Kings of England, as appears by fevcral Charters granted to the Uni- veVIlty of Oxford-, but in the Year tsar, more aflixt, bya Full from Pope Leo the Tenth) for a book written by Henry the Eighth againft Luther, in defence of fome Points of the Romilh Religion, but fincc continued by Aft of Parlia¬ ment for defence of the Ancient, Catholick, and A polio- lick Faith. Primgenitta Ecchfta belongs to the Kings of England, be- mute their Predcceflor .Lucius was the lirft King in the World that embraced Chrirtianity. (.!■ tjliamjjimtts, was hy the Lateran Council under Pope 'Ittlim the Second, conferred on the Kings of England in the Fifth Year of Henry the Eighth, though before ufed by Htnry the Seventh, and (ince only by the French King. The Title of Grace was firrt given to the King about the time of Henry the Foutrh; to Henry the Sixth) Excellent Grace ; Part II. of ENGLAND. ?s | to fiWthe Fourth, High and Mighty Prince ; to Hint, the ; Seventh, fometimes Grncc, and fometimes to H-;rv \ the liipltth, firl Ulighmfs, then Uajelly, and 'mm’ Sacred u£ ".r^f the Cuftoai of the U km Emperors that ufed : Vr 5 r ul Indruments and ,, (tiles himlclt l.j:, H., ln t |,e l>! ur j| Number. Before n-!? 1 ?' Kll ’ S> l 1 ^ tfle sin S ul « Number; which ;i is Hill fean in t.u End of VVrirs, Teftt nuipfe a pud ■■ hr fpeaking to the King is u fd often (hefidcs Ymr Ma- ,p j £r (tom Cyr, m the Greek, Up, an Abreviation of Kae<@-, Dommt,,, much ufed to the Greek Emperors - but Syr or Str Demine, is now in England become the ordinary Word to all the better Rank, even from the King to the - VV , 3S anc . lcntl y lrl given to Lords, I fSi'rn N ®‘‘ gk! ’ and before their | Uiriitian Names; now in that manner only to Baronets, and hnghts oj the Bath mi Knight, Batchelor, ; y et in frame Sj.-or Syre is referv d only for their King. IDtrfOn.] Ret: Anglia: ejl Pcrfina mixta atm Saccrdotc fay our Lawyers; he is as it were a Priejl as well as a King, He ? 5 3 " J Ionour ( fait * which the Kings of Spain, Portugal, havarr , and divers other Kings have not - ITl i ^ 0!0natI0n . l,e ‘s anointed with Oyl, (a Ceremony that hath been here in ufe thefe 1000 Years) as the Priefle were at firft and afterwards the Kings of Krai, to intimate tbt Ins Perfon is sacred and Spiritual- C fly™ a Becket) in Cap.te, etiam peV.orc & ‘hracini,, Ld (,i •/“'*, StmUnatca & Fmiludimm ; and therefore atthe Coronation hath put upon him'a Sacerdotal Gam-tp ca. ,d l.ie Damaitca, or C tltkitm, and Other Prieflly Veils’ *nd before the Reformation of England, when the Cup i„ I Lcrd * ■’r P?er W3S denyed t0 thi Lalt -V, the King, as a " “ “ s “"*■= 7* ’i Urp e Rt } !! ' Kcvcrmc or Moi'Py ; a Diadem Glo. .v; ajw f) Extent of Empire by Sea and Land ; the CnJ, on /Itherenf tt Cre r d ^a Kin & of ** Ufe and Safe. V thereof, the Laws andCuflomsof England are fo tender. 7 6 St)C jbtate Part II, that they have made it High Treafon only to imagine o: in¬ tend the Death of the King. And bocaufe by imagining, or confpiring the Death of the King’s Count'ellors, or Great Officersof his Houihold, the DeltrufHon of the King hath thereby fometimesenfued, and is ufually aimed at, (faith Slut. 3. H.f) that alio was made Felony in fuclt as wen upon the Check Roll, as being the King’s Houihold Ser¬ vants, to be punilhed with Death, altho’ in all other Capital Cafes, the Rule is, fthmrat non rcpitiditttr fro fade ; and an Englt'lh-man may not in other Cafes be punilhed with Death, unlefs the Aft follow the Intent. The Law of England hath fo high Elleem of the King’s Perfon, that to offend againlhhofe Perfons, and thofe things that teprefent his SacredPerfon, as to kill fome of the Crown- Officers, or to kill any of the King's Judges, executing their Office, or to counterfeit the King’s Seals, or his Mo. nies, is made High Treafon ; becaufe by all theie the King’s Perfon is reprefented: And High Treajrn is in the Eye of the Law lo horrid, that beftdes lofs of Life and Honour, Real and Perfonal Eflate of the Criminal, his Heirs alfo are to lofe the fame for ever, and to be ranked amongft the Peafanrty and Ignoble, till the King lhall pleafe by Aft of Parlia. ment to reftore them. Eft enim tarn grave crimen (faith BraBon) ut vix pemettatur hxredilm te, M. •».»#, Presque, Rtihwc, and Difohe Ptmmatt- May to any M (rtlfeJ l»y botl>Houl« di>,r- liamcnt, refufe to give (without rendering any ReafonJ liisBysi/ vj fjii'it, without which a Bill is as a Body without a Soul- May at his pleafure encreafethe number of the Mem¬ bers of both Houles, by creating more Bxrats, and be¬ llowing Privileges upon any other Towns, ro fend Burgejjis to Parhamtnt. Hath alonethe Choice and Nomination of all Commanders, and other Officers at Land ami Sea, the Choice and Nomination of all Magiflrares.Counfellorsand Officers of State ; of all Bijheps and other High Dignitiesin theCbmb ; the bellowing ol all Honours. both of higher and hvtr Ndility of England ; the power of uetermining Reward: uni Puuijhmciits, either by pardoning the Olfcnce, or by al¬ leviating or remitting the Puniflimenc. By his Loiters Patent, may eteft new Comities, Univerjt- lit!, Cities, Boroughs, Colhgct , Htfpilals, Schools. . 'airs, Markets, Courts of jufiiec, Forefis, Chafes, Frce-U'arrent, mX. The King by his Prerogative, hath power to enfranchife an /Him, and make him a Denizen, whereby he is enabled toputchafe Houfcs and Lands, and to bear fome Offices. Hath power to grant Letters of Mart or Reprijal, to giant Safe Ccndttils, &c. _ The King, by his Prerogative, hath had at all times the tight of Purveyance, or Pre-empt ion of all forts of Victuals neat the Court, and to take Htrfcs, Carti, Boats, Si p: for Ills Car¬ riages, at reafonable Rates; alfo by Proclamation to lee reafonable Rates and Prices upon Flejh, Fiji,, hxl. Oats, Hay, See. which his Majefty King Charles II. was pleafed to releafe, and in lieu thereof to accept of Ionic- other Re- compence. Dehts due to the King are in the firft place to be fatisfed, in cafe o( Extent orjbip, and eidminiflratorfkip ; and until the King’s Debt befatislied, he may prorefttiic Debtor from die Arreft of other Creditors. May didrein for the whole Debt upon cna Tenant, that lioldeth nor the whole Land ; may require the jinccjtori Debt of the Heir, though not efpecially bound; is not ob¬ lig’d to demand his Rent as others are; may fue m what Court he pleale, and diftrein where lie lid. . No Proclamation can be made but by the King. . .. 80 Elie P’ffnit &tatc Part II. No PntiMm Tor a Defendant to be kept oil’ from , Suit, but by bun, ami that becaule Ire is actually in his Service. He only can give Patents, in cafe of Lolfes by hire, or other wile, to receive the Charitable Binivtltnr.s of rile Peo¬ ple ; without which no Man may ask it publickly. No Foreft, Cluce, or Park to be made, nor Caftle tobt built without the Kama's Authority. TheSaleof his Goods in an open Market will not take away his Property therein, if lie hath been defrauded of them. Where the King hath granted a Fair, with Toll to be paid, yet his Goods there Ihall be exempted from all Toll. No Occupancy (hall be good againft the King, nor (hill Entry before him, prejudice him. His Servants in ordinary are priviledged from fervtng in any Offices that require their Attendance, as Sherif, Cn. fable, churlh .•Harden, kc. All Receivers of Money for the King, or Accomptana to him for any of his Revenues, their Pcrfons, Lunds, Gwi, Heirs, Executors, Adminiflrators, are chargeable for the fame at all times ;for, Nudum tempta oicurrit Rcgi. His Debtor hath a kind of Prerogative Remedy by a m'Hwinthe Exchequer, againlt all other Debtors, or again!! whom they have any Caufe of perfonal Action ; fuppofuig that he is thereby difabled to pay the King, and in this Suit, the King's Debtor being Plaintiff, hath fome Privileges a- bove others. In doubtful Cuftt, Semper prxfumicur pro Regc. No Statute refbaineth the King, except lie be efpcciilly named therein. Tile Quality of his Perfon alters the Def- cent of Gavelkind, the Rules of Joynt-Tmancy : No Efoppi can bind him, nor Judgment Final in a Writ of Right. Judgments entred again!! the King’l Title, are entrel with a Salvo Jure Domini Regis , That if at any time the King’s Council at Law can make out his Title better, that Judgment Ihall not prejudice him, which is not permitted to the Subjeft. The King by his Prerogative might have demanded rea- fonable Aid-Money of his Subjefts, to Knight his eldell Son at the Age of Fifteen, and to marry his eldef! Daugh¬ ter at the Age of feven years: Which reafonabie Aid is twenty Shillings for every Knight’s Fee, and as much for every twenty Pounds a Year in Sncage. Moreover if the Kins Part II. of ENGLAND. King to taken Prifoner, Aid-Money is to be paid by th° iubjefts ro fee Iiim at Liberty. Ike King upon reafonable Caufes Him thereunto mo- ting, might jWo.vc/ any Alan againft b'uits at Law, &c. In all Cafes where the King is Party, his Officers with an drrtf, by force of a Pnetfs at Lav , may enter, and (if En- rance be denied) may break open the Houfe of any Man, Itlio’ every Man’s Houfe is laid to be his Caftle, and hath . Privilege to proteft hint ijgainftall other jlrnfts. A Benefice, or Spiritual Living, is not full again!! the sing by Injlitutiou only without InduCtim , altho’ it be fo gain!) a SubjefL None but the King can hold a good Pita of falft Judgment n the Courts of his Tenants. The King of England by his Prerogative, is Summit Rtgni ’ 4 «, and hath the Cndody of the Perfons and Ellates of iich, as for want of Underftanding cannot govern them- elves, orferve the King ; fo the Perfons and Efiates of /rt.'rand Lunaticb are in the Cuftody of the King : that f Urns to hisown ufc, and that of Lunaticb to the ufe of ie next Heir. The King by his Prerogative is Ultima Hunt Rtgni, and (as the great Oram is of all Rivers) the Receptacle of all dates, when no Heir appears; for this Caufe all Efiates it want of Heirs, or by Forfeiture, Revert or Efib.at to’ it King. All Trcalure-Treve, (that is Minty, Gild, Silver , fare or Bullion, found, and the Owners unknowm) belongs ) tile King ; fo all Waifs, Strap, Wricks, not granted away r him, or any former Kings; all Waftt Ground or Lands re. ivered from the Sea j all Land of client dying before Na- raliiatioH, or Denization, and all things whereof the Pro- irty is not known. All Gold and Silver Mines, in whole round foever they ate found ; Royal Fijhts, as Whalei, Stur* lilt, Dolphins, Sec Royal PovI, as Svans not marked, and rimming at Liberty on the River, belong to the King. In the Church, the King’s Prerogative and Pever is extra- rdinary great- He only hath the Patronage of all Bi- fritks, none Can bechofen but by his Conge l’ EJliri, hom he hath firft nominated; none can be Confecrated faf, or take pofleffion of the Revenues of the’ Bijhoprict, shout the King’s fpecial Writ or AfTenr. Hew the Guar - m or ILurfmg-Father of the Church, which our Kings of pW did io reckon amongft their principal Cares, as ssi 87. Sftt pjctcnt 55!.UC Part II, the three ami twentieth Year of King toW the Mill, it was alleged in iPlsaimg. and allowed. ^ 1 lie Kin; hath power to call a X.v.inai or >'S the Advice and Content tliereot, m make .......... O .■Jiuaneei and Conjlitutlonr ; mtic'duco into the t-liurcb what Cer.nmtin lhall he riuruftlit lit i Kolorm and Correfe al! ll.TCjtet , Schilrn, puniili CmiMfti, ixc. ^ and thereinani thcrehv to declare what Uothinei m the Cluircli are lit to he publilhed or profelTed ; what 1 Mj..iUon of the Buie to be allowed, Cf. _ r „. The King hath a Power not only to Unite, Confoitdxi. S-Mi-.i/f Fw large or CmtraS the Limits of any old Bijkr, ,ic' m cuwt hchpiliic.il Boitfici; hut all'o by his Letlei Patents mav ue£t new BijUfrUls ; as Henry the Eighth die fix at one time; anil the late King Chirks the Xyty uv tended to do at St. Mam, for the Honour of the hrit Hi r-i Mr of England, and for contratfing the too large Extent ofl the Wjhfrick o( Lincoln ; may alio erect new jirchhifhopruh. Patriarchates,&.C. r , lathe twenty eighth of Elizabeth t when the Houle « Commons would have pafl'ed Bills touching Bilhops grant, inn Faculties, conferring Holy Orders, EcckfiaJHcal C.nfm. tlie 0.nh cx Officii, Hon-rcfidency, &c. The Queen muchiif cenfed, forbad them to meddle in any Ecclefsajlical Affun, for that it belonged to her Prerogative, The King hath Power to ditpenle with the Rigour d KulcMic.il Lam ; and with any thing that is only Pnlr hitstm ir malum per acctdens, & mu malum tn Je: As tor a St Hard to be a Pricji. for a Pncjl to hold cm Benefices or to lucceed his father in a B.ucficc, or to be No.w/W*t, &c Fo a Bijlop to hold a Vacant Biffioprick, or other Ecc/e/n/ta Benefice in Commendam or Trufl. Hath power to dil'pence with fome Acts ' ot Parliamt, Pena! Statute;, by mn ihii.mii, where himfelf is only coo cerned; to moderate the Rigour of,the Laws according “ mil Cmhiir.ct : to "rant fpecial Privileges and Cl. Eaui’ty and 'cmlcier.ee ; to grant fpecial Privileges and Ciir ten ro any Subjett; to pardon a Man, by Law condemnel tointerpretby his Judges Statutes, and in Cajet notdelim bv Law, to determine and pal's Sentence. 'Andthis is that Royal Prerogative, which in the Hand! a King isa Scepter of Gold ; but in the Hands of Subjeasi a Rod of Iron. Part. II. of ENGLAND 8j’ This i, that jut Connie, a Law that is parcel of the Law of the Land ; part of the C ommcn La.v, and contained in it; and hath the precedence of all Laws and Cuflonjs of Eng¬ land-, and therefore void in Law is every Cuftom, flghe ex. Some of tlicfe Prcrcgativa, efpecially thole that relate to Jajli'cc and^Pr.trr, are fo cirential to Royalty, that they are for ever inherent in the Crown> and tnai.■/ the Crown ; they ate like the S'un-beams in the Sun, and as bill-parable from it; and therefore it hath been held by feme great Law¬ yers, That a Prerogative in point of Government cannot be retrained or bound by AS of Parliament, but it is unalte- rable as the Laws of the Mr det and Ptrftant: \Vherefore the L-.ie and Common: (Rot. Pari. 4’. Eiw- 3. Numli.y.) declared, That they could not aflent in Parliament to any thi.,g that tended to the Dijherifm of the King and the Cronin, where- untothey were (worn ; no, tho’ the King fliouIJ defire it. And every King of England, as he is Dd-i’.or ‘jap tie to his People, fo he is in Confcience obliged to defend and main¬ tain all tile Rights of tile Crown in polTeilion, and to endea¬ vour the recovery of thole, whereof the Crown hath been difpofteft; and when any King hath not religioully ob- ferved his Duty in this Point, it hath proved of very dread¬ ful Conference. As on the other lide, it much concerns every King of England to be very careful of the Subjefts juft Liberties, according to the Golden Rule of the bell of Kings, tlmki the firll, that The Kipp Prerogative it to do- fail the Peoples Liberties, and the Peoples Liberties Jirengtbcn th King: Prerogative. The Lams of England looking upon the King as God’s Vicegerent upon Earth, do attribute unto him diver? Excel¬ lencies not belonging to other Men ; fo the Law will have no ImpcrfcPlion found in the King ; as, no Injupce, no Er¬ ror, no Negligence or Laches, no Infamy, no Stain or Corrup¬ tion of Blood; for by taking of the Crown, all former, tho’ juft Attainder, (and fuch Attainder made by Aft of Parliament,) is ipfo faSo purged. No Nonage or Minority, for his Grant of Lands, though held in lus Natural, not Politick Capacity, cannot be avoided by Nonage. Higher than this the Last' attributeth a kind of Perpetuity, not to fay Immortality to the King, Rex Anglie non mritur ; his Death is by the Law termed the Demife of the King, be- caufe thereby the Kingdom is demifed to another. He is G a faid 84 ECljc Ipjctcnt &tatc Pan II, laid not be fubjcft to Death, beeaufe he is a Corporation of | himfelf, that liveth for ever, ail Interregna being in EngUr-i unknown ; the fame moment that one king dies, the next Heir is King fully and abfolutcly, without any Cmmtiu, Ceremony, or Aft to be done Ex pofl failo. Moreover, the Law feemeth to attribute to the King i certain Ubiquity ; that the King is in a manner every w here, in all his Courts of Jultice; and therefore cannot be Nr,- jailed, (as Lawyers lpeak.) And yet there are lome things that the King of %/ari mmit do. Rex Jngli* nihil injure potejl, and the King can¬ not divejl himfelf, or his Succellors, of any part of his Re gal Power, Prerogative and aiutkority, inherent and ameut to the C men. ' . There are alfo divers things which the King cannot do, Salvo ‘Jure, Sake Jurmnenlo, & Saha Cmfcientiafua ; beeaufe by an Oath at his Coronation, and indeed , without any Oath by the Law of Nature, Nation, and of ChriJIianit;, he holds himfelf bound (as do all other Chriftian KingiJ to proteft and defend his People, to do Juft ice and to Iheir Mercy, to preferve Peace and Quietnefs amongft them; to allow them their juft Rights and Liberties; to con- fent to the Repealing of bad Laws, and to the Enabling of rood Lawt. Two things efpecially the King of England can¬ not do without the Content of both Houjcs of Parliam, viz. make New Laws, and raife New Taxes, there being lornt- thing of Odium in both of them, the one feeming to diuii- nilh the Subjects Liberty, and the other to infringe his Pa¬ per : Therefore, that all occalion of Difaffeftion toward) the King (the Breath of our Nojlrih, and the light of nt Ever, as he is (tiled in Holy Scriptures) might be avoided, it was wifely contrived by our Anceftors, that for both thefe. (hould Petit ions and Supplications be lirll made by the ^ir'rn’e King of England be in any Foreign Nation, he may try any of his offending Domellicks by the Lawt of England, faith Pitta ; as in the Cale of Engelram of Nog* " Thele, and divers other Prerogatives, rightfully belong, and are enjoy’d by the King of England. ®OtriinlOll0-] The ancient Dominions of the Kings « England, were firlt England , and all the Seas round aboill Great Britain and Inland, and all the I(les adjacent, evens Put II. Of ENGLAND. 8; the Shores of all the Neighbouring Nations; and our Law iiirh, The Sen it of the Leigeance of the King, as well at the Land-, and as a mark thereof, all Ships of Foreigners have anciently demanded leave to FiJh, and pafsin thefeSeas, and do at this day lower their Top-Jails to all the King’s Ships of War; and therefore Children born upon thofe Seas (as it fomerimes hath happened.) are accounted natural born Sub* jefts of the King of England, and need no Naturalization, as others bom out of his Dominions. To England, Henry the Firfl annexed Normandy, and Henry the Second Ireland, being (Filed only Lord of Ireland, till the Three and thirtieth of Henry the Eighth, although they had all Kingly Jurifiiclion before. Henry the Second alfo annexe the Dukedom of Guyennt and Anjou, the Counties of PoiElou, Toarain, and M*yn ; Ed¬ ward the 1'irft all Wales, and Edward the Third th* Right, tho’ not the PoJfcJJion, of all France. King James the Firlt added Scotland, and fince that time there have been fupperadded fundry confiderable Plantati* The Dominions of the King of England ate at this day in polleftion (betides his juft Right and Title to the King-. dom of France) all England, Scotland and Inland, Three Kingdoms of large extent, with all the Ifies about ’em, above 40 in number, fmall and great, whereof fome very con'iderable; and all the Stas adjacent. Moreover, the Iflands of Jerfy, Guernlty, Aldtrnay, and Sark, which are parcel of the Dutchy of Normandy, betides thofe profitable Plantati¬ ons of New-England, - Virginia, Barhadecs, Jamaica, Florida, North and South Carolina, Bermudas, New Netherlands, with feveral other Ides and Places in thofe Quarters, and fome in the Eajl-Indits , and upon the Coaft of Africa j alfo upon the North parts of America, by right of tirft difeovery, to Ejlotiland, Terra Corterialis, New-found-land,. and to Guiana in tile South, the King of England hath a Legal Right, tho’ not Pojfeffmt. L'efides all thele Kingdoms and Countries, there belongs to the prefent King William the Third, many confiderable Countries, Cities, Towns, Forts, Seigno* ries, tire, all which will defeend to the Heirs of his Body, at the Principality of 0 range. StWIlgtl).] The mighty Power of the King of Lngltni, before the Conjunction of Scotland , and total Subjection of ! hlmdt which were ufually at Enmity with him, was no« 86 ®ie pjcfcnt State Part II, | totioufly known to the World, and fufliciently felt byotu I Neighbour-Nations. What his Strength hath been lince, was never fully try’d in the four laid Reigns : but now, that the Parliaments of all the Three Kingdoms teem to sit j which fliall mold readily comply with their Sovereign's De¬ fires and Defiers, all Europe begins to be fenlible ho,v glut the Posver of this Monarchy is. And let him be confi- dered abfdraftly as King only ot En/Jam, which is likei huge Fortrefs, or girrilbncd Town, fenced, not only ssitli idropg Works, her Port-Towns with a wide and deep Ditch the Sea, but guarded alfo with excellent Out-Woikr, the Aron geld and befi Hiiit Ships of War in the World; then fo abundantly furnifhed within with Men and Horfes, With Viddua'- md Ammunition, with Clothes and Money, that if all the Potentates of Eanpe Arnold conlpire (which God forbid) they could hardly diftrefs it, provided it be at Unity in it felf This for the Difaifrjt Strength of the King of England ; now for his Ojfiufcve Puillance. How formidable muflht be to the World, when they lhall underfiand that tlie King of England is well able, whenever he is willing, toraile of • Enghfh-Min Two hundred thoufand, and of Englijl> Hir/i Fifty thoufand (for fo many during the late Rebellion 1643, were computed to be in Arms on both fides) yet (which is ariir.irable) fcarce any mifs of them in any City, Town or Village. And when they {hall confider, the v*. liw and manual Spirit of the Englijb, their natural Agility of Body, their Patience, Hatdinei's and Stedtaldnefs is fucb, and their fear of Death fo little, that no Neighbour-Nation, upon equal Number and Terms, fcarce ever durA abidt Battle with them, either at Sea or Land : When they Anil confider, that for tranfporting ot any Army, the King o( England hath at command near Two hundred excellent Ships of War, and can hire Two hundred ftout Englijl Morel,int Ships, little inferiour to Ships of War; that he can foon Man the fame with the beft Sea-Soldiers, (if not the beftSea-,Mariners) in the whole World. And that fix maintaining l'uch a mighty Fleet, fufiicient Money for» competent time may be railed only by a Land-Tax, and fix a long time, by a moderate Excile, and that upon fuch Commodities only as naturally occafion Excefs or Luxury, WantonneA, Idlenefs, Pride, or Corruption of Manners. When Pa!t [[. tf ENGLAND. S 7 When they cani'ider that the Shippin” ol England wk com¬ puted lately by the mod ingenious Sit IViHua Petty at Six hundred tlinuland Tun, ail wluji, with I-oity thoufand ;V.ut and skilful Mariner 1 ;, are wholly at the King’s Ser¬ vice when he ihall think lit, tor the lafcty ot‘ I,is Crown and Dominions, to require, or if needle, lmpreh’em. In a word, when they Hull conlider, that by the mod commodious and advantageous Situation of Engl,mi, the King thereof (if lie he not wanting to himlclf, or lusSub- jetls wantingto him! mull be Mailer of the Sea; and tint as on Land, whofoever i, Mailer of the l'ield is alio laid to be Mailer of every Town when it Ihall pleafe him ; lb lie that is Mallet of the Sea, may be laid, in lbme fort, to be Mailer of every Country, at lead bordering upon the Sea; for he is at liberty to begin or end a War, vii.re, when, and upon what Terms he pleafeth, and to extend his Conquelts even to the Jntipides. £>afriincnp,j King Wiliam the Conqueror getting by right of Conqueft, as l'ome atlirm all the Lands of his Oppoltrs (except Lands belonging to the Church, to Mo- naileries, and Religious Houles! into his own Hands in D.m.jn, as Lawyers lpeak, loon bellowed among!! his Fol¬ io,vers a Part thereof, reserving l'ome Retribution of Rents, or Services, or both, to him and his Heirs, Kings of Eng¬ land ; which Refervation is now as it was before the Con- quell, called the Tenure of Lands, the reft he refereed to himlelt in Demin, called (it',5:1.1 Regis Dcminicj, Demins, and Sacs, j Patrimmia, PrxJium Dcmini Rsgii, D,re:}nm Di- minium, Clips nuiliis ejl sJnthsr nil Dc:i> : All other Lands ill England being held now of fome Superiour, depend me¬ diately, or immediately on the Crown; lb that the King is Lord Parrmount, Supreme Landlord of all the Lands of England ; and ail landed Men are mediately or immediate¬ ly his Tenants by fome Tenour or oilier ; but tile Lands polfell by the Crown, being held of none, can ijelna: to none; being Sacred, cannot become Pnpkane, are, or (ItotilJ be permanent and unalienable. And yet they have been (by Time the Gift and Bounty of our Kings, and iomc No- cellities for the Prefervation of the Weal l’ublick) much alienated. However, there is yet left, or was lately, almolt in every County of England, a Fcreji, a Park, a C.ijlle, or k‘i«l Palate belonging to the King; and in divers Coun¬ ties there are many Parks, Cajlles or Palaces, and Farejls, G 4 (till 88 EIjc Pjcfcnt ®tatc Part II, Aill belonging to his Majerty, for to receive and divert him, when he Ihall plcafe in his Royal Progrelfes to vilit thofe parts : A Grandeur not to be paralell’d perhaps by any King in the whole World. The certain kmmits of the King of England, were anci- tntly greater than of any King in Earoft, they enjoying in Domains and Free-Farm Rtms, almort enough to dilchargeall the ordinary Expences of the Crown, without any Tax or Import upon theSubjeft. Upon the happy Rertauration of King Charles the Second, the Lords and Commons allembled in Parliament, finding the Crown-Revenues much alienated, and the Crown- Charges exceedingly encreafed, by reafnn of the late viil Augmentation of the Revenues and Strength by Sea ami Land, of our two next Neighbour-Nations abroad, and of the many faftious, mutinous and rebellions Spirits at home, did unanimoufly conclude, That for the Peace and Securi¬ ty, for the Wealth and Honour of the King and Kingdom, it would be necelTary to fettle upon his Majerty a yearly Revenup of Twelve hundred thoufand Pounds; and ac¬ cordingly, with the King’s Confent, at the humble Requell of the Lords and Commons, there was ertablilhed by Im¬ ports, upon imported and exported Goods, upon Liquors drank in England, and upon Fire-Hearths; fwhich lart Branch his prefent Majerty and late Queen of ever-blelTed Memory were gracioufly pleafed by A & of Parliament, to remit) fo much as was judged would bring up the forma impaired Crown-Revenues to the faidSum. Notwithftand- ing which, the whole Yearly Revenues of the King of England was not then above the Tenth Part of the Reve¬ nues of his Kingdom ; whereas the King of trance hath Yearly above one One hundred and fifty Millions of Li ver/: That is, above Eleven Millions of Pounds Sterling, a fount part of the whole Revenues of France. And the publidc Revenue of the United Netherlands, coming all out of the SubjeftsPurfeSj are near Seven Millions of Pounds Sterling. • • The ordinary charge of the Government in times offe- rene and profound Peace, is ertimared at Six hundred thou¬ fand Pounds ftr Ann. befides extraordinary Expences. And rhe Crown of England in late times of Peace was aslittle in Debt, as perhaps any State of fo great a confideration in the World ; the greatert Debt upon it, was that which King Charltt the Second contraded, by Ihuttingup the Exchequer, Part II. of E N G L A N D. 89 whereby the Credit of that Bank hath Curtained great da. mage, and many hundreds of Families been almort undone ; ' but during the Reign of King Charles and King lamer the . SeconJ, the Intercrt-Money was duly paid ; and we muft , not doubt, but that Intcreft or Principal will be paid, as I foon as tt’C are a little more recovered from the Encumbran¬ ces which the late War with Frame brought upon US ; for after feveral grave and deliberate Hearings of late on both (ides, the King’s Judges andableft Lawyers have declared, Thac the Debt is upon the Podeflbr of the Crown of Eng¬ land ; and we may acquiefce in this, That King William, who proferteth to hold the Crown of England upon the Title of Jullice, will give to others their due, as well as claim his own. Rffynt-] In conlideration of thefe, and other tranfeen- dent Excellencies, no King in Chriflendom, nor other Poten¬ tate, receives from his Subjefts more Reverence, Homur and Rslpcil than the King of England. All his People at their firfi AddrelTes kneel to him : He is at all times ferved upon the Knee; all Perfons (not the Prince, or other Heir appa¬ rent excepted) ftand bare in the Prelence of the King, and in the Prefence-Chamber, though in the King’s Abfence. Only it was once indulged by Queen Mary the Firft, for feme eminent Services performed by Henry Ratcliff, Earl of Suffix, that (by Patent.) he might at any time be covered in her Prefence ; but perhaps in imitation of the like liber¬ ty allowed by King Philip her Husband, and other Kings of Spain at this day, to fome of the principal Nobility, there called Grandees of Spain. Any Thing or Aft done in the King’s Prefence, is pre¬ fumed to be void of all deceit and evil meaning ; and there¬ fore a fine levied in the King’s Court, where the King is prefumed to be prefenr, doth bind a Feme Covert, a married Woman, and others, whom ordinarily the Law doth difa¬ ble to tranfaft. The King’s only Tertimony of any thing done in his Prefence, is of as high a Nature and Credit, as any Re • ttrd ■ and in all Writs fent forth for the difpatch of Ju- #ice, he ufeth no other Witnefs but himfelf, viz. Tijk mtipff JlritMh] The Saxon Kings before the Conqueft bare Azure, a Croft Eortny between four Martlets, Or. After- qo Eiif picfnit P.m If Afterwards the Damjh Kings reigning in F.'glvd, bjrs Or Stmt ii Hunt, Giles, ) Vm Pafant Gtrdant, Jtare. After tl:'. Conqueft, the King’s of Emrland lure E wo pa'ds, bom fiiil by ilie Conqueror, a' D'.ihe of Konnanit, till the time of Hem the Second, who in right of his Mother, annexe her I’arerml Cn.it, the I. : m of Aytttan, which being of the fame Field, Mctil, and Form with die Leopard', from thence-forward they were jointly rnarllnlled in one Shield, and blazoned Thru Lyons. as at prelent- King Edvard the Third, in right of his Mother, claim¬ ing the Crown of Franc? ; with the Arms of England quar¬ tered the Arms of Frame ; which then were Azure, semi. Floevsr-de-Luces , Or ; afterwards changed to Three Flamer-d ;■ Luca ; sviiercii pon Henry the Fifth of England caufed the Englilh Arms to be changed likewife. King James upon the Union of England and Sett land, caufed the Arms of France and England to be quartered' with Scotland and Ireland, and are thus Blazoned. The King of England beareth for his Sovereign Enligm Arm:, ini, as followetli: III the'firlf place Azure, Thru Fhsvtr-dc-Utces, Or, the Re¬ gal Anns of France, quartered with rhe Imperial Enligns of England, which are Geeks, three Lyons Palms Card ant in Pall, Or. Inthe fecund place, within * Doable Treftire Counttf finer dt lys, Or, a Lion Rampant, Calcs, for the Royal Arm! of Scotland. In the third place, Azure, ail Irifio Harp , Or, fringed, Arg-ne, for the Royal Lnligns of Ireland■ In the fourth place, as in the firft. Thefe Enflgns Armorial are charged fince the Acceflinn of King William to this Crown, with an Efcutcheon of the Houle of Nafan, which is Aznrt, Stmi-PW.ts, a Lion Rampant, Or, Langnied and Armed, Gnlet; all within the Garhr, tile chief Enfign of that mod Honou¬ rable Order ; above the fame an Helmet, anfsverable to hil Mijefly’s Sovereign Jurifdiftion ; upon the fame a rich Mantle of Cloth of Gold, dmhLd Ertmn, adorned with an Imperial Cre. m, and fnrmounted for a Crrjlby a Lyon Patfan: Gardant, Crowed with the like; fiipported by a LjmRnr pant Gardant, Or, Groaned as the former, and an Union Argoc Gorged with a Crow, thereto a Chun afiixt, palling between bis I milegs, and reflexed over his Back, Or ; both {landing upon a Compartment placed underneath, and inthe T.d'iv of the Compartment his Majefly’s Royal Motto, It Part II. of E N G L A N D. The Supporters irl'cJ before the Union of England and were the Dr*gm and Lion, The Arms of France are plac’d lirft, for that France is the prater Kingdom ; and becaufe from the lirft bearing, thofe flowers have been always Lnligns of a Kingdom; whereas die Arms of England were originally of Dukedoms, as a- forefaid, and prrpably, becaufe tliereby the French might be the more calily induc’d to acknowledge the Englijh Title. ^ The Motto upon the Garter, Hint foil qui maly penfe ■ :aat is, Shame ie :o him that evil thinketh, was lirft given by King Edward, the Third, tile Founder of that Order; and that none might believe his Delign therein was any other than Juft and honourable, lie caufed thofe Words to be wrought in every Garter that he bellowed: Whereof more in the Chapter of the Knights if the Garter. The Motto Diets et men Drtit, thac is, Gid is my Right was lirft given by Richard the Firft, to intimate, that the Kingo. England holdeth his Empire not in Valfallage of any Mortal Man, but of God only ; and afterward taken Up by Edward the Third, when lie lirft clarmed the King- dom of trance. This Motto hath been continued till the coming in of King William the Third, now Reigning • who always ufed this following Motto, ■jemainumdray,\ nil maintain ; and hath commanded, that it lhall henceforth be placed fometimes in the place of the former Motto; yet that this former Motro Hull be ufed in the Broad Seal and elfewhere. The Device of a Pcrtctiliis of a Caftle, yet to be feen in many places, was the Badge or Cognizance of the Beaufort's, Sons of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lan- cojltr , beccaufe they were born at his Caftle of Beau- The White Rofe was the ancient bearing of the Houfe of Turk, and the Red Rofe that of Lancafter. ' The Thifik belongs to Scotland. CHAP. Ebc \Djctcnt (btate Part II CHAP. III. OfSucceJfm to the Crown of England, and of tk Kings Minority, Incapacity, and A'fence. T H E King of England hath Right to the Crown by In¬ heritance, and the Laws and Cudoms of England. Upon the Death of the King, the next of Kindred, bora of Parents in lawful Wedlock, though born out of tk Dominions of England, or born of Parents not Subjefts of England, (as by the Law and many Examples in the En 0 Hidories, it doth manifedly appear) is, and is immediate¬ ly King, before any Proclamation, Coronation, Publication^ Clnfent of Purs or People. The Crown of England defeends from Eat hr to Sett and his Heirs: For want of Sms, to the Elded Daughter and her Heirs: For want of Daughter, to the Brother mi his Hein: and for want of Brother , to the Sljlcr and her Hem The Saliyue Law, or rather Cudom of France, hath here bo more forcethan it had anciently among the levs, or nor in Spain, and other Chridian Hereditary Kingdoms. A- mong Turks and Barbarians the French Cudom is dill, and everwasinufe. So the Kingdying without Idue or younger Brothers, it returns to his elded Sider, whether by the lame or another Venter, or for wantoffuch to the next Branch. At the Death of every King, die not only the Offices of the Court, but all Commidions grafted to the Judges duratr tt bene plactto, and of all Juftices of Peace- ®inOjit)>.] During the Minority of the King of Englatd, whatsoever is enabled in Parliament, he may afterwards it the Age of 14 Years, Revoke and utterly Nad by his let¬ ter; Patents, under his Great Seal, and this by Slat, it H.8.C.17. If the King be likely to leave his Crown to an Infant, he doth ufually byTedament appointthePerfon or Perfonl that (hall have the Tuition of him , and fometimes for want offuch Appointment, a fit Perfon of the Nobility or Bilhops is made choice of by the Three States aflembled in the Name of the Infant King, who by Nature or Alliance, hath mod Part II. of E N G L A N D. 93 Jntercft in the prefcrvation of rJie Life and Authority of the Mur, and to whom lealb Benefit can accrue by his Death or Diminution; as the Unde by the Mother’s fide, if the (>o«n come by the Father, and fo mice verf.i , is made Pro- teftor: So during the Minority of Edward the Sixth, his Uncle by the Mother’s fide, the Duke of Somerjet, had the Tuition of him, and was called Prctclior, and when this Rulcharh not been obl'erved, fas in the Alinority of Edvard the Fifth,) it hath proved of ill conlequence. Hbfmcf.] If the King be abfenr upon any Foreign Ex¬ pedition, orotherwife, the Cuflom was to conftitute a Wc<- gertnt byCommillion under the Great Sea], giving him fe- veral Titles and Powers, according as the NecelTtty of Af¬ fairs have required ; fometimes he hath been called Lord or Lord Keeper of the Kingdom, and therewith hath had the general Power of a King, as was pra&ifed during the Abfence of Edward the Firlb, Second and Third,and of Hairy the Fifth ; but Henry the Sixth, to the Title of Warden or Guardian, added the Title of Proteblor of the Kingdom, and cf the Church of England, and gave him fo great Power in his Abfence, that he was tanlum non Rex , fwaying the Scep¬ ter, but not wearing the Crown ; executing Laws, fum- moning Parliaments under his own Tejlc, as King, and gi¬ ving his Affent to Bills in Parliament, whereby they became asbinding as any other Afts. Sometimes during the King’s Abfence, the Kingdom hath been committed to the Care of feveral Noble Men, and fometimes of Bifliops, as lefs dangerous for attempting any Ul'urpation of the Crown ; fometimes to one Bilhop ; as Mere, Archbifhop of Canterbury, was Kceroy of England for many Years; and when Edward the Third was in Flanders, tho’ bis Son then but nine Years old, had the Name of teihr, John Stratford, Archbifhop of Canterbury, was Gover- nour both of the King’s Son and of the Realm; fo King Hen- or four Years together) ufually conftirured Roger, that fa- ntous Bifhop of Salisbtery , foie Governour of the Realm, a Man excellently qualified for Government. Laftly, fometimes the Queen, as twice during the Ab¬ fence of Henry the Eighth in France. Incapacity.] If the King of England be Non comoo, mentit W by reafonof an incurable Difeale, Weaknefs.or Old Age’ becomes uncapable of Governing, then is made a Regent, ProteHor, or Guardian to govern. King 94 SCIjc parent §*tatc Pan II, Kin" Edward the Third being at lad Aged, Sick, an! Weak, and by Grief, for the Death of the it'-a'h Prime, fore Broken ill Body and Mind, did of his own will create ids Fourth Son, John Duke of Lamajler, Guardian or Regent of England. C II A P. IV. Of 1 be prefent King of England ; and therein of hit Birth, Name, Surname, Genealogy, Arms, Tith, Education, Marriage, Exploits, and Acccjfwn ti the Crown of England. T HE King oP England now Reigning, is WILLIAM the Third of that Name, bern at the Hague, the t of November, 1650. Nine Days after his Father’s Death,wu l,aptifed by the Name of William Henry, had for God-father! the lords States General op Holland and Zealand, and the State! of the Cities of Delft, Leyden and -dmjlerdam. His prefent Majefty is the only Off-fpring of WiSia Prince of Naffaw and of Orange, whofe Father was Frederii Henry Prince of Orange, who was younger Brother i( Prince Maurice, and Son to that mod excellent WiSia Prince of 0 range, that laid the Foundation of the molt prnf Pont Common-wealth of the United Netherlands, and was chid of that mold ancient and molt Iilultrious Houle of Mu in Germany, which hath laded near one thoufand Yean and hath been grac’d with the Imperial Dignity, in tin Perfon of Mpbsse of Naffaw, Emperor of Germany four huo dred Years ago. . - ■ His prefent Majefly is alfo the only Off-fpring oftb Royal Princefs Mary, Elded Daughter to Charles the Fid of that Name, King of Great Britain and Henrietta Muni Daughter of King Henry the Great of France ; from whic Royal Stock he hath in his Veins fome of all the Royi Blood of Europe, and is by his Mothir .1 all, diKoii.! from the Britsjh, Saxon, Danijh, Norman, , and SeotHbW and Princes of this IJland. From the fird Britsjh Kingb prefent Majedy is reckoned the 141)?. from the Scottijb « of E N G L A N D. P.m II. ~ 9f ,,from the taw tlie 4 S//;. and from the firfl- of the ,V« t:« me Ath. So that for Royal Extraction and ! " *' ine nt ‘-'•■cent, his Majeltynow Rciimr* excels all Monarch* of all the Chriltian, if not of" all" the while World. The prefent Kins; is the fifth King of G,r.jr Britain At Eight Years of Age he was ll-nt to the Univerfitv of L;-id;n, and even then was obfem-d to be of a rcfervd and thinking Temper, far beyond rhofe of his A-e • and bemgediicated m all Print:!) Executes, after many Ap¬ pearances and Tokens of Impelling fiiture Bravery he «-as in the Year 167- being then but ai Years of Age, mvefled with the High Title of Im Anceflors, w. su%. y./r.-, Captain and sldmiral General of ail the United Ntthir- mur, all which Country at that junfturcof time was juft , upon the point of being utterly and irrevocably ruined and Ion. nad not Ins then Higbncf, byhis greatProwcfs, refcued it out of the very Jaws of the Fwir/; King, whom in a lew Months his Higbnefs druve quite out of‘the United Ke- •.krl.mds, and then took infinite pains in cbanrirr uccnci- '•y*, anJ „ thc M“giftrates of feveral Towns "and fro- \ mces with molt admirable Succels. After this in the Year iS 74 . : ‘ ;c stater General in Confi- delation of the ineftimable Benefits accruing to them by the wile Conduft, undaunrei Courage, indefatigable Pains of his Highntjs, and the often Hazardsof his Life thought fit to confirm not only the high Title of btadthoid-.r, or Urd Lwetenant of the Provinces of Holland and Wellfriedand on this Prince during his Life, (as his Anccftors held if) bur’fer- . , " jjkewile upon the Heirs-male of his Body begotten in lawful Marriage. s About three Years after, his Higbncjt's Uade.Charh, the fe- coml King of Great Britain, having taken Ipccial notice how his Nephew had lignaliz’d Ins Wildom, Courage and Con¬ duit,upon divers Occalions, more efpecially at the Sieves of tiaracn and Bon, at the Battels of Stned, Ca/i'ei Sec. iuvit-J him over into England, and judged him well worthy to efpoufe the mod Excellent Lady Mary, who was Eldcft Daughter to Ins Royal Highmjs, James, then Duke of York next Heir to the Crown of Enpjan: ; and according,-.' upl on the T _ o{ November rd;;. being the Prince’s Biith-day, At 9 6 £\)t IPKfcnt State Part II. At the end of the fame Month his Highnefs, with his mod Illuftrious Spoufe, 1'jilcd over into Holland ; and the next Year, near Mom in Hainalt, took Occalion for the Defence of his Country, to lhew his wonted Magnanimity againlta mighty Frtnch Army, commanded by the Duke of Lux/a- berg, an Experienced General, and to hazard feveral times his Perfon and Life, which Hen Hetr van Qvtrkirb faved by venturing his own, with Singular Courage and Fidelity. Immediately after, (the Peace being concluded at Nimt- gtten) his Highncft applied himfelf to the feeling of the Go. vernmentathome, where he gained as great Applaufe in managing the Civil Concern, as he had before abroad in Martial Affairs. About the beginning of September, 1688. bis Highnejs went to Mindcn in tVcfphalia, and had a Con¬ ference with the Eleftors of Saxony and Brandenburg, the Landtgrave of Heffe, and divers other Proteflant Princes; and foon after, in Execution of the Councils there taken and agreed, his Htghmft lent away from his Camp then at Mi- hr Heyde (with incredible Expedition and Secrely of his Delign) feveral Regiments of Horfe and Foot to be em¬ bark’d at Amjicrdam, Rotterdam, Helvoet Slays, Zealand, Set On the iCth of Oliober, the Prince fet fail with the whole Army, confiding of above 3600 Horfe and Dragoons, and above 10600 Foot, in a Fleet of Ships, fmall and great, a- bouNSoo; but the Wind turning againft them, they all returned into Harbour, not without much damage, 50a Horfchaving been flung over board ; yet with much Un¬ daunted Courage they refitted, and fet Sail again on the lull of November, with a mod favourable Wind, and upon the fifth (being Gunpowder-Treafon-Day) came all into Torbay in Devon jh;re , whence his Highmfs marched lpeedily to Exeter ; and after l'ome Days of Refrefliment, advanc’d with l» whole Army towards Salisbury, where King a amis was po¬ lled with a Royal Army, which began there to delert him. So that upon the Advancing of the Prince’s Army, the King thought fit to retreat to London, and upon the 101b of December to fend away the Queen at three of the Clock in the Morning, with her fuppofed Son, of juft half a Year old, for France, and the next Morning about the fame Hour, the King in Difguife followed after her. Upon the nth of December, the Prince came to Windfor ; and upon the 1 6th King James (having been ftopt by loma Water- part If. of ENGLAND. 9? Watermen near Fcvcrflm in Kjh) returned to Whitehall, and upon the i8r/>. of the fame Afontli, about Ten of the Clock in the Morning withdrew again from thence, and upon Iris own Choice went to Rocbeflt' guarded thither with tlie Prince’s Souldiers; from whence, foon after, without •Sny Lett or Hindrance, he privately went for France. In themean time upon the fame 18 th. of Deeetnb.r. his H.'ghufs tire Prince of Orange, about Three of the Clock in the Afternoon, entred into the Suburbs of London, being in¬ vited by Dr. Sandcnft, then Archbilhop of Canterbury, and almoft all the Lords then in Lendm, to rake upon him the Government, and lodged that Night at the Palace of Sr. 'jmu’s, to the unfpeakable Joy of all the City, which on the ao th. in a folemn Speech by their Recorder Sir George Trcly, late Lord Chief Juftice of the Comm n-Pleti, unani- moufly declared to his Highncft, not only their mod hum¬ ble and hearty Thanks for his coming, but acknowledged alfo that he was the only Perfon under Heaven, that Was able to relieve them ; that he and his Anceffors enjoyed a Dignity lingular and tranfcendent, to be Champions of Almighty God, fent forth in feveral Ages to vindicate his Caufe againll the mod mighty Opprelfors, &c. About the end of December, the Prince (at the humble Re- (jucli of divers of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal alfem- bled) took the Government upon him, and fent forth his Circular Letters to all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and to all the Counties, Cities and Burroughs of England, freely to eleft fit Perfons to aflemble at Wejtmijlir on the aad of January following, upon which Day there was a very full Cenventim both of Lords and Commons, who after mature Deliberation , concluded and voted, Thac King James having abdicated the Government, the Tr.nm "as become vacant: Whereupon they (after having aliened and declared the Rights of the Subjefts of England) refolved and declared the Prince and Princefs of Orange King ami Queen of England, France and Ireland (Eat laud noc Jet having had time to come to the like Refolution) and of all the Dominions thereunto belonging; to hold rhd Crown and Royal Dignity during their Lives, and the Life of tbe Surviver of them ; and that the Exercile of the Regal Power be only in the Prim of Orange, yet in the Names of both the Prince and Princefs ; and after their De- Kife, the Crpwn and Dignity of the faid Kingdoms 9 g ffi)C Pirttnt $tatc Part II, and Dominions to be in the Ifl'ue of the f.uJ Trir*; and for Default of luch Illue, to tile I rincels Wnn of DomM, and the Illue of her Body; and for Delink of inch Illue, to the Heirs of the Body of the Prince of Orange This was decreed February . a. And the Very lame Day the Princef, of On.ry came from Jlonand and landed at WbitM ; at the Gates whereof the next Das being the lath. of F,binary, the Prince and 1 rincels of Orange «er folemnly Proclaimed King and Queen ot bgM, rrame anJ inland, StC. Ob'.alit, &c.—-- Upon the , .< 1> of 4pil following, their Majerties were, with all the wonted Ceremonies, Crowned «««* Since that Scotland in a Convention of the Three Ellates, and inland in a full Parliament, have made an ample R«* mtim Of their Majerties Titles to thofe Kingdoms, and they were thereupon fully inverted with the ancient Dig¬ nity and Stile of their Predeceffors, snt. tons and .Q«oiol Gnat Britain, France and Inland, &c. . . , The Refolution and Bravery in Arms that his Majelty hath fince Ihew’d, the Difficulties and Dangers he hath I gone through, the lignal Viftones and Deliverances he had obtained, and the providential and amazing Success Sea and Land, both at home and abroad he hath met w£ are well known to all the Chriftian World , and will doub¬ le!} ftine out in the brighteft Paragraphs of Modem Hi- ^His Majefty’s Chafer is fo univerfally known, a«| only in England and Holland, but in all the Courts of &-| ml that as the Writing of irmight appear a Needlel Ur, dertaking to thofe that are already well acquainted with it- So to others, if it were done with the true Faith of an Hi- ftorian, it might perhaps look more like a PaHirgyr/ci thani Relation ; and being withal confcious of my own Weaknefi, I (hall content my felf with laying, That lie is the in-, inheritor of that Mighty and Hetoick &«"«» wind h d] rendted his Family in all Ages, and himteif moft of all, th. E 'His Mai^TTitlMaK (belides all thofe of liis Predecef fois, Kings of England, all, and mote than any of hii*| Part. IT. cf E N G L A N D 99 t Princes of Oraotge enjoyed ;) viz* William Hairy, by tile Grace of God, Prime of Orange and of SaJ'ax, Earl of Citzcnclhbogcn, Viar.dai, Dietz, Lingcn, Meins, Bmren, Leer- hm &c. Marquils of Ter I'ere, and of Flnfbiug , Lord and Baron of Breda, of the City of Grave, and cf the Land of Creek, Dirfl, Grimberge n, Her Hal, Grmmidtmck, Warmjim, jrlai, No 1 , ray, St.Fith, Dueiborgh, Polazen, Willemjlat, Nier- ei.nrt, Tlfililein, St. Marttnfdyck, Stccnbergen, Gererndenberg, iunnhudt, Zevenbergen, of the Upper and Lower Swahwen, Nadtwick, Sotf, Baren, tile Bern, the Inward and Outward Imir.ms, Sec- Hereditary Marquift of /Intwerp , and of Be- j.rn(m in Burpmdy, Hereditary Marlhal of Holland, Go- vernour and Hereditary Stadthoider of Gmldcrland, and County of Zutpbm, Holland, Zealand, Wctifisezlmd, Ueretdt, Ovtnfel, and Country of Drtntbe, Hereditary Captain- General and Admiral of all the United SjheriM.it. CHAR V. Of the late Queen Confort, and Sovereign of England. H E R mod Serene Majefly, Mari, elded Daughter of the late King James, by his h'rd Wife, was born at the Palace of St. ’James, the 30th of jipril, 1661. Her Godfather Was Prince Rupert, her Godmothers, the pre- fent Dutchefs of Buckingham, and the late Dutchefs of 0 navi. Upon the 4th of Sovember, 1677. after die had been pioudy educated in the Religion of the Church of England, and had acquired all other Princely Accomplifliments, Ihe was given in Marriage to the mod Illudrious William Hen- 7 of Na/au, then Prince of Orange, now King of England, which was folemnized by the piefent Lord tiiihop of Lon¬ don, Brother to the late Earl of Sirthampton, who had a great lliare in the Religious part of both their Royal Highneifes fljer, and her Sidets) Education- Soon after fhe was conduced by the laid Prince into Holland, where (he redded above Eleven Years, until the Month of February 1683. that Ihe came over to England, and on the nth of the fame Month landed at Wbitehal, and H a the 100 Elje ftofent &tate Part II, l he next day, as is before Bid, was folcmnly proclaimed ^Her Maiefiy was an Ey.u/ Shunt with her Royal Husband in the Regal Sovereignty, Supremacy, and Authority in all the Dominions and Rights belonging to the Crown, but the Adminiflration and Execution thereof was lodged iole- ly in the King, according to a S'anflion of the aforelaid Convention ; but in the King’s Ablence out of £»«W, by an Aft of Parliament afterwards made, the Queen had folely the fame, affuming it always at the King’s departure, and tefigning it at his Return. To give fuch an Account and Charatler of her Majelly as Ihedeferved, would take up a Volume, and beunluin* bleto all other Accounts given in this fmall Treatife; yet for her Majefty’s Honour, and fome fatisfaftion to her lo¬ ving Subjefts, fome few of her molt eminent and Rate Qua¬ lifications and Endowments fhall here be briefly noted. Firlt, for her Difpofttion and temper of Mind : She was Affable and Courteous, of a Quiet and Meek Spirit, a mod Gracious Sovereign to her Subjefts, a very Obli¬ ging Wife to her Husband, and an excellent Miftrefs to her Setvants. , .. ...... Her Majefty’s Stature was Tall, her Mun Majeftick and Graceful, her Countenance and Air Serene and Pleating, her Features Beautiful, her Complexion Ruddy. Her Intellefhials and Abilities of Mind both Natural zm Acouired, were Tranfcendent, having always taken much delight, and fpent much of her time in reading the belt Books, and hearing Difcourfes of divers Learned Men. Her Skill in Languages, efpecially in the French andl M Tongues, her accurate Knowledge in all forts of Needle- Works (wherein almoft every Day her Majcfty employed her fdf, her Ladies and Maids of Honour) arc all re* Her b’fni'.fs of C'onverfatlon and Affability, as it hath been the (Juiiftcriftick or peculiar Mark of lome of her Family, fir was it mod eminent in her. In her Difcorins Die was very innoc nt and inoffenftve, without Rcproachet or Reflections upon any Pcrfon. • She had a great and natural Difpofitron to Bounry ana Munificence, taking all occalions to help thofe who wert in necefllty, fo that fome thoufands did daily tafte of M Clurity; nor it there any Princefs in Chriftendom who Part II- of ENGLAND. ioi ry/- away more to charitable Ulus than Hie did, with (o Tittle (Mentation. Above all, her Majefty’s Piety and Devotion, and her Conlhncy therein, both in publick and private, wav hardly ever parallelled by any Queen : Her Majefty having been bred up in the Religion of the Church of England, eftablifhc by Law, hie had always profelt'd it both at home and a- btoad, feldom or never milling Prayers, Sacraments, ot Sermons, during al| the time of almoil Iilcven Vears abode in Holland : Her Concern for Religion, and her Zeal was Inch, that Ihe could not forbear to reprove thofe who mif- behaved themfclves therein. Her Devotion was without any kind of Affectation, ihe coveting rather to he good, and to make others lb, than to be prais’d for either, having always had an Averlion to Flattery. All thefe Vertues and Accomplifliments made her the Darling and Delight of tiiat Country which enjoyed her fo long- Never any Princefs more affeftionatcly beloved, refpetfed and honoured, whilfi (lie refided in Holland, or more univerfally bewailed and lamented when Ihe was obliged to leave them. C II A P. VI. Of tbt Queen of England when fa is Cmfat onlj, not Recent, T il E word Qaivn comes from the Saxon Cweti, lignify- ing Mutter, as alfo Uxor, and feems to be applied in | procels of time by our Ancestors, to the Kings Wife (as ! ttlrfdig or Lady afterwards was,J becaufe Ihe was the chief- j eh Woman or Wife in the Kingdom- Juft as we now fay [ rfc Toms or the Ci:y, for London , dec. I She hath as high Prerogatives, Dignity, and Srate, du- ■ ring the Life of the King, as any Queen in Europe. * JSlECOgatibf.] From the Saxon times the Styeen-Ctnfort of Englaiid, though Ihe be an Alien born, and tho’ during the Life of the King, ihe be Fesne Covert, (as our Law fpeaksj yet without any Aft of Parliament for Kituralina - lion, or Letters Patents for Denization, fhe may purchal'e H 3 Lands 102 3Hjc J3jrfrr.t State Lands in mike Leaftt and C,m •Name, without rite King ; lu:h power to Contract, as a F,k:-SoU, may receive by Gift She may Preftn: by her fclf, to a Spiritual Benefice in a Sparc lingedit, brought by her, Plcnarty hy the 11 tation of another, is no more a liar againft her, than againtlthe^ . ,,.,^0 3r Sire Hull not 1 be Amerced, if fiie be Nou-fuitcd in any A- ftjon, &(• Had anciently a Revenue of S'icrn-Gold , or Attrum Regina, as the Records call it, which was the tenth part of ft, much, as hy the name of Oilata upon Pardons, Giftt and Of later times (he hath had as large Dover as any Queen in Chriftendom ; hath her Royal Ccurc apart, and ^The Queen may not be Impleaded till firft Petitioned-, if The Queen may not be Imfleadcd till firft Pitiumci-, if (he be Plaintiff, the Summons in the Procefs need not to have the Solemnirs' of fifteen Days, &c. She is reputed the Secmd.Perfon in the Kingdom. The Law l'erreth fo high a Value upon her, as to mat: it Hnl; 'Freafon to confpire her Death, or to violate hit t.haltirv. , , Her Often, as Atomy and Solicit*, have Refpett above others, and Place within the Bar with the King’s Council." The like Honour, Rcrirmt, and RifpeB that ir due to the King is exhibited to the Queen, both by Subjefts and foreigners, and alfo to the Queen Dowager, or Widow Queen, who alfo, above other Subjefts, loi'eth not her Big. nity, though Ihe Ihould marry a priv.ce Gentleman: So Queen Katharine, Widow to King Henry the Fifth, being married to Oirtti up Theodore Efq; did maintain her Aftion as Queen of England; much lei's doth a Queen by Inhcti- tame, or a Queen Sovereign of England, follow her Hus¬ band^ Condition, or is fubjeft as other Queens, but is So¬ vereign toher own Husband, as Queen Mary was to King Philip, unlefs it be othcrvvil'e mutually agreed upon in Parliament. CHAP. Put ir. of ENGLAND. 103 C II A P. VIII. Of the frefwt Queen Dowager of England. D ON Nil C ATHARIN A, Infanta of Portugal, being now f'luetn Dowager, and tile Third Perl’on in the Kingdom, "'as Daughter of Dan Juan, the fourth of that Name, King of Portugal, defcended from out Englijh 'jokn of Gaum, Duke of Lancafter, and King of Call He and Leon, Fourth Son of Edward the Third, King of England, and of Damn Lucia, Daughter of Don Gnjtnan el Hu, no, a Spaniard, Duke of Medina Sidania, who was lineally defcended from Fu-dinando de la C trde, and his Confort Blanche, to whom Sr. Lewis King of France, her Father, relinquithed his Right and Title to Spain, defcended to him by his Mo¬ ther Blanche, Eldeft Daughter and Heir of Alpkanjo theSgo- nijh King. She was born the 14th of Kovemiir, 163 8. at Vida Vici- ofa in Portugal: Her Father being then Duke of Bra- gana, (though right Heir to the Crown of Portugal) the mod Potent Subjeft in Europe ; for a third Part of Per - tuga) was then holden of him in Valiallage. She was on¬ ly Sifter of Dm Alpkonfo, the Sixth of that Name, and the Three and twentieth King of Portugal, who in the Year 1657, was dethroned and kept Prilbner in Foitugal for fome time, from whence he was fentto the T,rc;ra Illands, where he was under Confinement for certain Years, and then brought back and kept in the Palace of Cintra, about fifteen Miles from Lilian, where hedied in the Year 168;. His brother, the Prince Dan Pedro, born in the Year 1648. the prefent King, was after his Brother’s removal, made Prince Regent of Portugal, and married to the Queen his Brother’s Wife, after her Divorce, by whom he had one Daughter. She had another Brother called Don Theodo/io, the elded Son of that King, who was the moft gallant and hopeful Prince of all Europe, but died 1653. aged about 18 Years, yes his Life thought worthy to be written by divers grave Authors of Portugal. 104 ipjeltnt &tatc Part II. She havin'; been mod carefully and pionfly educated by her Mother, and at the Age of 12 delired in Marriag; by King CHARLES the Second; the Marriage was not long after concluded by the Negotiation of Sir Richard Fanjhaw, his Majefty’s AmhalTador in the Court of Portnoi, and Din Francifco lie Milo, Cmdt de Pune, Marquis He Sandt, the Extraordinary Ambafladorof the King of Portugal, and folcmniz’d at Lisbon by his Excellency the Earl of Sand, with. She embark’d for England upon the 231/ of April 1(562. and was fafely, by t(ie Earl of Sandwich, conduced with a Squadron of Ships to Portsmouth, where the King firft met her, and was remarried. Oil the 23 d of Augufi >662. her Majefty coming by Wa- tar from Hampton-Court, was with great I’omp and Magni¬ ficence, firft received by the Eord Mayor and Aldermen of London at Chelfij, and thence conduced by Water to Whitehall. ThePortionfhe brought with her, was Eight Hundred Millions of Rtas, or two Millions of Crujadoe's, being a- bout Three hundred t'noufand Pounds Sterling, togethar with that ancient City of Tangier, upon the Coafl of A- friek, and the Ifle of Bomb aim, near Goa, in the Eaft-Indiei, With a Privilege, that any Subjefts of the King of England, may Trade freely in the Eajl and Weft-India Plantations, belonging to the Portugucfen Her Ma jelly's Jointure by the Articles of Marriage, is Thirty Thoufand Pounds Sterling per Annum ; And King Charles out of his great Affection towards her, did as an Addition, fettleupon her Ten thoufand Pounds per Amm fnore: Of which Joynture, fhe is allowed to lpend but Twenty thoufand Pounds cut of the Nation. The Queen’s Arms, as Daughter of Portugal, are Argent S Scutcheons, Azure, crojs-wife, each Scutcheon charged with y Plata, Argent, Sailter-wife, with a Point Sable, the Bol¬ der Gules, charged with 7 Cajllcs, Or. This Coat was firft worn by the Kings of Portugal, in Memory of a fignal Battle obtained by the firft King of Portugal, Don Alphonfi, againft five Kings of the Moors, before vvhich Battle appear¬ ed thrift crucified in the Air, and it is faid that a Voice was heard, asonce to Ccnjlantine tl.e great. In hocJignovin- ces. Before that time the Portugal Arms were Argent, a Croft, Azure, Queen Part II. Queen C // cf Mind, of of ENGLAND. i 0 y 'I HA R1 HE is a Peri'on of rare Perfections great Piety, Modefty, and many other emi. CHA P. VIII. Of the Sons ami Daughters cf England. T il It Children 0 f the Iving of England, are called the Sm and Daughters of Eugtrnd, becaufe all the SubjeQs ot England have a fpecial Intereft in them. eiDCff Son.] The Eldejl Sm of the King was Med i:, the Saxon times, elite, yrrir/f, Kau']©-, . And ' ukewrfe eEthclmg or Athtlmt’, which is a Patrony- ir.ick of the Sam Word Athcl, Mills. As Eadgarint was the Soil of Eadgar , fo Athtling , the Son of a Noble, was afterwards ufed only for the King’s Eldet Sa Ml W/Jw. He is born Duke of Ccrnwal, and as to that Dutdiy, and all the Lands, Honours, Rents, and great Revenues belonging thereunto, he is upon his Dirth-day prelumed, and by Law taken to be of full Age • „ | hat 110 ma 7 tl,a f D jy„ f « e for the Livery of the laid Dukedom, and ought of Right to obtain the fame, as if he had been lull 21 Years of Age. Afterwards he is created Prince of tf'ates, whofe Invejliture j s performed by thelra- polinon ot a Cap of State, and Cermet on his Head as a Totenof PnncipaHty, and putting into his Hand a 'Verge ot Gild, the Emblem of Gtvtrmmt, and a Ring of Gild on h'S-.ruiger, to intimate that he muft be a Husband to his Country, and l ather to her Children. Allb to him is si- Jen and granted Letters Patents, to hold the Paid Principa- £l<°l" n r an 5 ‘f E ”£'*”d,b y which words, the feparation of this Principality is for ever avoid- ed : 11,s Mantle which he wears in Parliament, is once more doubled, or hath one Guard more than a Dale’s: his few! C ' # ' and and hi* Cap of Sinc e ,he happy Refla nation of King Charles the Second >t' as Wenmly ordered That the Son and Heir apparent of the Crown of E, t l„d, flail nfe and bear his Coronet of Cnfu, Part II. Of ENGL AND. ' there under the French King, and there 1 j-j,-./ the Black Prime ; lince worn ' by 0 f Walt: , and by the Vulgar called 107 in by Ed. e Princes Oignitp.] Tiie Prince in our Law, is reputed as the fame I'erion with the King, and fo declared by a Statute or II,ray the Eighth, Corujcat mim Princcps (lay our Lawyers) Rr.diis R.gis Pains /a/, <£• cenfetur una perftna cum if]). And the Civilians fay, the King’s Elded Son may be Ailed a $)ibi|E8C0 ] He hath certain Privileges above otl To imagine the Death of the Prince, or to violate the Wife of the Prince, is made High Treafin. He hath had Privilege of having a Purveyor, and taking Purveyance, as the King. He can retain and qualifie as many Chaplains as he lhall To the Prince, at the Age of 1 y, was a certain Aid of Money from all the King’s Tenants, and all that held of him in Capitc, by Knights-Scrvicc, and Frci-Suagi, to make him a Knight. Yet as the Prince in Nature is a didinft Perfon from the King, fo in Law alfo, in fome Cafes, he is a Subjett, holdeth his Principalities and Seigmries of the King, giveth the fame Refpeft to the King, as other Subjefts do. lubfliuej.] The Revenues belonging to the Prince, fince much of the Lands and Demefns of that Dutchy have been alienated, are efpecially out of the Tinn-Mincs in Ctrmsal, which with all other Profits of that Dutchy amount yearly to the Sum of 14000 /. ’ The Revenues of the Principality of Wales, Purveyed Three hundred years ago, was above 4680 /. yearly ; a rich Iifiate, according to the Value of Money in thole Till the Prince came to be fourteen years old, all things belonging to the Principality of Wales, were wont to be difpofed of by Commiflioners, confiding of fome principal rerfons of the Clergy and Nobility. CaflrtjS.J The Cadets, or younger Sons of England, are (not Urn) Dukts or Earls, of what Places or Titles the King pleafeth. They [PartII. ef ENGLAND. Of the frifint Princes ml Princefles of the Blood ; andfrjt of her Royal Wgbnijs the Vrinctfs ANNE of Denmark. T H E next Heir to the Crown of Bigland, is the Princefj Anm, lecond Daughter to the late King Jama, and only Sifter to the late Mary, Queen Regent and Confirt to hispre- fentMajefty of England ; fhe was born the 6 th of Fekn, try t66y. her Godfatherwas Gilbert, late Lord Archbifhop of Cmterhty, and her Godmothers were the young Lady Mary her Sifter, late Queen of England, and the Dutchels of Monmouth. She had her Education together with her Royal Sifter, under the Government of the Honourable Lady Franca Vi liter i, Daughter to the Earl of Suffolk and Mother to the prefent Earl of Jcrfty. Their Chaplains and Tutors were the Reverend Doffor Doughty and Dofior Lair, under the Direftion and Superintendence of my Lord Di- Hop of London, in the Year 1683, after a Treaty between England and Datmark, fhe was dil'pofed of by the Care of her Uncle King Charles II. in Marriage to his Royal Higlmefs Georae, Prince of Denmark, on the 28 th. of July, bein' 1 St Anne's L)ay; by whom her Royal Highnefs hath had cfr.ers Chil- dien, the Lady Mary, the Lady Anne, the Duke of G.'ecejler, •norher Lady Mary, and a Son named George, &c. of which die hingeft Liver was his late Higlmels William Duke of Tile Princeh, is a Lady, whole i>cr/>fr/.-« Natural and Acquired, are equal to her High Birth : She isof juft Height jail 1 roj.'urtion, Decorous in Mien, Noble in Afpeft, fine and Tender in Complexion, and withal bright and heahhtul. She is quick of Apprehenlion, rn-'ld in Dif- » l,| fe. and humble in Addref's; Governs her Court widr great Order and Eaiinefs, and is her felf an Illullrious Ex- Iinp'e of Play, lioneur, Munifierace, 7i mperanee, Ahfumtou). 'f.’ and all kind of Pnlity, not only in publick to #11, but 10 Wn Ladies and Women that wait on her in private.. Mrtlf. of ENG I. AND. m ! ie King; lb that^ie whole amounts yearly to 77500!. Prince George liath four Sillers, the firfl married to John ',;:rg: the Third, late Prince Eleftorof Saxony. The fecrmd 0 C'lri'liem H.ulph, Duke of Hiljfcin Sxndcrhar/y The hird to the Prince E'Jfsr Palatine of the Rhine, lately de- :eas’d without Pure ; and tire fourth to the late King of ;»?*», Charles the Eleventh. Of the Duke of Glocefter. H I S late Highnefs William Duke of ( itoceier . only Son to their Royal Highnelles, veas horn at tiamoten-Coxrt the of July, 1689. His Godfathers s..rel ’i v King William, and the End of Derj,t Lord Chamberlain of the King’s Houlhold ; and his Go Imother Gtrfrx* Mar- thionefs of Halifax. Hi; Highnels was a Child of bnfi Shape and pleating Features : was very inqmiirive ar.d ap- prelienlive ; had an apt Memory, a quick Invention,* wonderful plenty of Words, a becoming lirisktrefs, a gra¬ cious Inclination to good things, and whatever Excellency of Parts could render a Child the Object of three King¬ doms hopes. He died at Wmdfor of a malignant Fever, on Hautivj the igtb. of July, 1700. between Twelve and One it Night; to the inexpreflible grief' of the Royal Family, and the whole Nation. Of the Princefi Henrietta. T H E next Heir (after the aforementioned) ro the Ex- glijh Crown was the Princcfs Henrietta, youngefc Siller to the Lite King of England, She was born the 16th of June, 1644. at Exeter, during the Heat of the Jate Rebellion ; after the Surrender of £iv- llr , conveyed to Oxford ; and thence 1646. ro Union-, whence, with her Govcrnefs, the Lady Dalkeith, lhe cfcaped mto Frame ; was there educated, as became her high Birth and Quality ; but being left wholly to the Care and Maintenance of the Queen her Mother, at Parij, etnbraced Pinll #r ENGLAND. Mert:■ The (aid Princefs Palatine Sophia, is fm'J Peribn of the belt Addrefysml molt accomplilh’d Lads Eweft. Site is declar’d, as tile nenPrlt‘fatTiihtohivl th- riglicofS'ttccefllon to the Crown of Engl, i;,Vnexc after Ins pr ' I fent Maje.%, and her Royal Hinlmei's the Princels aJ- '„<• flmnarkj and the Heirs of their Bodies : by a folemn At c f Parliament part in this hit Sellions, 1701. An,a is and 1', W. III. for the further Limitation of 'the Crown, ~an : k’t’- (mringthe Rights and Liberties of tit tie,:..!, whereof here follows the Jhridgmcnt* I. It having pleas’d Almighty God to take away otir hte I ?™ ere ' S n ^‘'y_Q«MlI «*?. and the Molt hopeful Prince »a«; Duke of Gbucefier, the only furviving Mite of her Hoyal Highneis the Princels Amu of Dtum.uk ; For a fur ther Provilion of the Succelfion of the Crown in the Pee. ttjl.ml Line , It is Enafted, That the Moll Excellent Princels Siphia, Eleftrefs and Dutchefs Dowager of Hannover Daui'E ter of the Moll Excellent Princels Elizabeth late Queen of Mtmta Daughter of our late Sovereign Lord King jams I Ik declared the next in Stuceflion in the Pmefiant Un t totlic Crown of England, France and Ini and, after His M.a- felly and the Princels Anne of Dcm.nl ;; and for D. fault 7 ' IIue (lf the fad Princcfs Amu and of Uis Maieli v re- Ipefhvely. And that the laid Crown ami Ile'ul Govern¬ ment, 6-r lhall remain to the faid Princcfs Sophia, and the Heirs of her Body, being Pmejlants. IF. Provided, That all Perfons who may Inherit thefaij Crown by virtue of this Limitation, and ai r or jbalik Recen- r '-'4to, or hofd Gommmion with the Church of Borne, or pro. IT f r ’M b or marry a Papifl , Dull be lilhjeft to 7 mtapacities of the Art, Anno 1 IV. and M. intituled, 4. a., tor Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the aa'ae.j, 7 ,V jcttling the Sttccejjbm of the Crnon. And that every , ,im ‘ Qucen of this Realm, who flnlf come to ilil* "' 7 11 '’f r virtue of " t,; 's Aft, lhall take the Coronation 0 ,th ?“, e 1 ,l ’ an J an d Make, Subl’cribe and Repeat (he J.-claranon in the before-mentioned Aft. HI- And tor further fecuring our Religion, Laws and .. "fwi die Death ot his Majefty, and the Princels r. md in Default of lllue of the laid Mras and Ins Majclly tefpeftively -It is enafted, • !: that wuofoever lhall hereafter «imc to this Crown, 7 P { ith the C/mi ri of Emi.u.d, as f Law eitablillud. I % Tl.w 114 fiClie $}tfeut j^tate Part II. 2. That in Cafe the Ctown hereafter comes to any Perfon not a Name of England, this Nation thall not engage in any War for Defence of any Dominions not belonging to the Crown of England, without Conlentot Parliament. 3. That no Perfon who Hull hereafter come to the Ctown, (bali go out of England, Scotland, or Ireland, without Con- fent of Parliament. 4. That after the Limitation by this Alt fliall take EfFeG, all things relating to the Government, properly cognizable in the Privy-Council lhall be tranfafted there, and the Re- folutions Signed by liich of the Privy-Council as lhall Ad- vil'e the fame. „ 5. That after, ire. No Perfon born out of England, Sutler,l, or Inland, or the Dominions thereunto belonging faltho’ Naturalized or made a Denizen) except fuch as are bora of Englijh Parents, fliall be a Privy-Councellor, or Membtt of either Houfe of Parliament, or enjoy any Office or Plan of Trull Civil or Military, or have any Grant of Lands, &c- 6 . That no Perfon who has an Office or Place of Proft under the King, or a Penlion from the Crown, fliall be 1 Member of the Houfe of Commons. 7. That after, ire. Judges Commiflions be quam ditjt lent grjfcrint, and their Salaries eftablifli’d ; but upon tin Addrefs of both lloufes of Parliament may be remov’d. 8 . That no Pardon under the Great Seal be Pleadable to an Impeachment by the Commons. IV. And that all the Laws and Statutes of this Realm for fecuring the Iiftablilh’d Religion, and the Rights and Liberties of the People be Ratified and Confirmed. C II A P. X. Of EcckfaJHcal Government. T il L Government of England is Ecckjiajlical, Civil, and Military ; of which three Articles, 1 fliall, for Methods fake, fpeak feparately and diftinftly, although in all re- ipelts the Government is harmonioully united and indiviu- ble under one Head,*tvho is Supreme in all Caufes. part. II. lof E N G L A N D ny As foon as the Chriftian Faith was, by Authority recei¬ ved into Poland, one of the Clergy was in every City, and in loine great Towns Ordained a Biihop, who hath (to a- void Confufion, which ufually lprings from Equality) a Preeminence over the reft of the Clergy within certain PrccinBi. Afterwards the Bilhops being neceflitated to meet about publick Affairs of the Church, at Confecrations, Confuta¬ tions, for Remedy of general Diforders, for Audiences judi¬ cial, when the Aftion of any Biihop Ihould be called in Queftion, or Appeals from Bilhops, &c. it feemed requifite to our Anceftors (according to other Chriftian Churches ever fuice the firft Niccne Council) to have, amongft a certain Number of Bilhops, one to be the Chief in Authority o- ver the reft, from thence named Archicpifcoptu, Arch or Chief Biihop, whereof we have Two in England, called Primates , Metropolitans or Archbifbops, that is. Chief Bijheps ; the one of Canterbury, the other of Turk ; each of which have, belides their peculiar Diocefs, a Province confiding of feveral Dioceffes, and by Grants of feveral Kings, they have each one certain Privilege;, Libtrtiii and Immunities in their own States. Under thefe tw» Archbifltops are J4 Bilhopricks, whereof 21 are reckoned in the Province of Canterbury, and 3 in the Province of Tart, (belides the Biihop of Seder and Man) all which have the Title of Leris, by reafon of their Baronies annexed to their Bilhopricks, and have Precedence to all other Barons, both in Parliament and in other Affemblies; amongft thefe prefrdes always the Biihop of Union ; who, by ancient Right is accounted Dean of the Epifcopal Col¬ lege of that Province, and by virtue thereof; is to figni- fie the pleafure of his Metropolitan to all the Bilhops of the Province, to execute his Mandate, to difperfe his Mif- lives on all Emergency of Affairs, to prefide in Convoca¬ tions of Provincial Synods, &c. upon the Death or Incapa¬ city of the Metropolitan. Next to Lmim, in Parliament, precedes Durham, and then Wincheflir ; all the reft of the Bilhops take place according to the Seniority of their Confecratittta. The FunSiien of an Englijb Biihop cdhfifts in what he may aft, either by his Epifcopal Order, or by his Epifcopal Ju- tifdiBien. By n6 ®jc pjcfcm £?tate Part II. By liis Epifctpal Order lie may Ordain Dr.rccu; and Priefh ; lie may Dedicate Churches and Burying-Places ; may adinini- ftet tlie Rites and Ceremonies of Cenfirmae ion , witliout whom none of thefe may Be done. Tile JunldiHim of a Bilhop is either Ordinary or Del,ga¬ ted ; his Ordinary Jurifdidm is what by the Law of the Land belongs to each Bilhop in his own Diocefs; the Dt- l-gated is what the King is.pleafed to confer upon him, not as a Bilhop, but as he is.a Subjeft, and a conlidcrable Mem¬ ber of the Kingdom. In the Ordinary JurifdiBim of a Bilhop, as a Bilhop, may be confidered either the Jurifdiftion it felf, or what is indited in him by the Law of the Land, for the better Exe¬ cution of that Jurifdiftion. The Jurifdittion it felf is edabliflied partly by Statute Law ; as to Licenfe Phyficians, Chi< argents, and Schtlmafiers ; to Unite and Confolidate /raa// Parijks; toaflift xheCivilMa- gift rater in Execution of fome Statutes concerning Eeclejiajli. cal Affairs ; to compel the payment of Tenths and Sukfidits due ft#m the Clergy to the King. Partly by Co rnian Lav, as upon the King’s Writ, to cer- tifie the Judges touching Legitimate and Illegitimate Births and Marriages. And partly by Ctmmm and Eccleftaflical Lav ttgethtr, as to oaule Wills of the Deceafed to be proved, to grant Ad- ryinijlraticn of Goods of fucli as die inteftate, to give Order for the gathering and prefervingof perifiahle Goods, where none is willing to adminifter, to caufe Account to be given of Adminifi, aliens , to collate Benefices, to grant Initia¬ tions to Benefices upon Prefentations of other Patrons, to Command Induction to be given, to order theColIefting and preferving of the Profits ol vacant Benefices, for the uie of the Succefibrs, to defend the Franchiles and Liberties of the Church, to viiit their particular DioceiTes once in three Years, and therein to inquire of the Manners, Carriages, Delinquencies, &e- of Minifters, of Church-wardens, of the reft of the Varifliioners, and amongfl them, cfpecially of thofe that profafifethemfelves Phyficians, Chiruigeons, School-mailers, MidWves^ of Wardens of Hofpitals, how (hey performed their feveral Duties and Trufts; alfo of all Other profeliing Chriftianity, and offending cither againfl Piety, as by Blafphemy, Idolatry, Superftition, Perjury, Warefte. Errors agoiuft the Thircy nine Articles, Schifin, p,ntII. of ENGLAND. 117 Conventicles, abfencc from Divine Service, unlawful Ab- . (tincnce from the Saorament; or die offending againlf Ju- ftice, as the Jdas ing of the Legacies given to the Poor, or pious Ul'es, Dilapidations of Buildings, or Goods belong¬ ing to the Church ; taking Ufury beyond the Rate allowed by Statute, Simony, &c. at by offending againlf Sobriety, as by Drunkennels, Incelf, Adultery, Fornication, filthy Speech, tempting of any ones Chaftity, (Jlamleftine Mar* riages, as for waitt of thrice publifhing the Banns, the scant of Parents Content, the want of Witnelfes, which mud he above tsvo, or marrying in a private place, in an undue time , before Eight in the Morning, and after Twelve of the Clock in the Day. Now, for the better executing of this Jurifdiflion, the Law of England hath furniflied tile Bilhops with a Power of Ecckftallieal Cenfures, whereof fome may be inflifted borh upon Lay-men and Church-mcn.as S'ulpenfton from entring into the Church, or die from receiving the Sacrament, or greater Excommunications, &c. Other may be inflicted only upon Eccleliaftical Pcrlons, as Sequeftration of their Ecclefiaftical Profits, Sufpenlions, fometimes ah Officio, fome- times a Ecr.eficio, or both Deprivation and Dcfojitim, which is fometimes Verbal, by Sentence pronounced againfl them, and lbmctimes real by Degradation. Here note, That of all thel'e Cenfures, Exiermmmication is never to be infliftad but only for Contumacy j as when a Perfon being duly luminon- ed, will not appear, or appearing, will not obey the Or¬ ders of the Bifhop. 3lrcl)bifl)0p-] Before the coming of the Saxons into Eng¬ land, the Chrijlim Briiains had three Archhilhops, viz. of London, York and Caerlcon, an ancient great City of South- Wales, upon the River (as before-mentioned.,) The Britains being drove out of tliele Parts, the Arcdijlnpriek of London feems to have been wholly extinft. And when Pope Gregory the Great had afterwards lent hither AugutHne and his Fellov-Lahurerr to preach the Gofpel to the then Heathen Saxons, the Architpifcopal See was planted at Canter- t:iry,35 being tile Metropolis of the Kingdom of Kent, whole King MthiUtrht had received the fame Sr./&?///?»«, and w ith his Kingdom was Baptifed, 4nd Embraced the Doftrincs of Clitiftianity before the reft of the Heptarchy. The other Archbiflioprick of Gaerteon was tranflated to Sr. Davids in timbrokcfyin, and afterwards fubje&ed wholly to the See 13 of u8 ®)f ^icfettt State Part II. of C.mterbtry j fince which, all England and Writ! reckon but Two Archbilhops, Canterbury anti Tors. Canterbury*] Giraldna Cambrenfii writes, Tliat the Arch- bijhp ot Canterbury anciently had Primacy as well over all Ireland as Encana, and rhe Irijh Bifiiops received their Con- fecrations from him ; for Ireland had no other Archbilhop until the Year 115:; and therefore in the time of the two firfb Norman Kings, it svas declared that Canterbury was the Metropolitan Church of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Ides adjacent. He was therefore fometimes {filed a Pa¬ triarch, (and a Patriarch was a chief Bijhop over fevera! Kingdom! or Province!, as an Archbijhp is of l'cvcral Diocrjfei) and had feveral Archbilhops under him ; svas fometimes called Aheritu Orbit Papa, & orbis Britanlci Pontifex ; and Matters done and recorded in Ecclelialfica! Affairs, ran thus; Anno Pmuficattii nojlri prime, jeeundo, &c. He was Legatin'natttt, that is, a perpetual Ugantim Power was annext to that Archbifhoprick fomc hundred Years ago; where¬ by no other Legate, Nuncio, or Amvalfador from the Bilhop of Rome could here exercile any Legaminc Power, . without fpecial Licenfe from the King. He was lb highly refpefled abroad, that in General Councils lie was placed before all other Archbilhops, at the Pope’s right Foot. He was at home fo highly honoured by the King of England, that ac. cording to the practice of Gods own People the Jew:, where Aaron svas next in Dignity to Mofes, and according tn the praftice of molt other Chriftian States, where the next in Dignity and Authority to the Sovereign, is ufually tiie chiefeit Perfon of the Clergy, he was accounted the fecond Perfon in the Kingdom, and named and ranked even before the Princes of the Blood: He enjoyed fome fpecial Marks of Royalty, as to be Patron of a Bilhoprick, (as he was of Rochcjlcr) to coin Moneys, to make Knights, and to have the Wardihipof all thofe who hold Lands of him Jure Uminii, fas it is called) altlio’ they hold in Capitc other Lands of the King ; a Princely Prerogative, even againlf the King’s written Prerogative. In an ancient Charter granted by IViSiam the Conqueror to Lanfrani, Archbiflaop of Canterbury, he is to hold his Lands with the fame freedom, in Dminio fut, (as the Words are) as the King holdeth his in Dominit fuo, except only in two or three Cafes, and thofe of no great Importance. PartII. * of ENGLAND. 119 It is an ancient Privilege of the See of Canterbury, that wherefoever any Mannors or Advowfons, do belong Unto that See, that Place forthwith becomes exempt from the Ordinary, and is reputed a Peculiar, and of the Diocefs of Canterbury. The Archbilhop of Canterbury , by the Favour of ourKing is judged lit to enjoy dill divers conliderable Pre-eminen¬ ces, He is Primate of all England, and Metropolitan, hath a Super-eminency, and had Power, even over the Archbi- ihop of York ; had Power to fummon him to a National Synod, and Archiepifcopus Eboraccnfis venire debet cum Epi - jtipii fitit, ad nutum ejui, ut ej.ti Camnicit dijpofitionibets obe¬ dient exijiat. The Archbilhop of Canterbury is at this Day Primne Par Regr.i, the firfl: Peer of England, and next to the Royal Family to precede not only all Dukes, but all the great Offi¬ cers of the Crown. He is Ailed Primate of all England and Metropolitan. At the folemn Coronation of King Charles the Second, it svas exprefly order’d in doing Homage to the King, that according to ancient Cuftom, the Atchbilhops and UHhops (hmild precede even the Duke of York, and all the Lay* Lords. He is Ailed by the K'ng in his Writs direfted to him, fin' gratia Archiepifcopo Cantuarier.fi, and writes himlelf Divina Pnvidentia, whereas other Bdhops write Divina PtmiJJim ; and he is laid to be Inthrtmcd, when he is inveAed in the Archbifiroprick. A Marble Chair remaining for that pur- pole, in the Cathedral Church of Canterbury. To Crown the King belongs to him, and it hath Keen refolved, that wherefoever the Court lhall happen to be, the King and Queen are Specialet Domcfiici Pamhiani Domi¬ ni Arch. Cant, and had anciently the Holy Offerings made at the Altar by the King and Queen, wherefoever the Court Arould happen to be, if his Grace were there pre- fent. He hath alfo the Power of appointing the Lent- Preachers. The Bifliop of London is accounted his Provincial Dean, the Bifhop of Winchefier his Sub-Dean, the Bilhop of Lincoln his O.anulir.tr, and the Bifhop of R ocheficr his Chaplain. In writing and fpeaking to him is given the Title of * '■’ate, fas is to ail'Dukes) and Mijl Reverend Fnthir in Gil He no SEljC l-jctflit State Part II, He hi!, by Common Law ,|,e Power ofVri.r/c of nil Tclbnients, am! granting I on, where the Party (lying had Bnu >,-tua, u..ti •>, live Pounds worth, or above, out of the Diocels v herein he died ; or T<'n Pounds worth witlnn the Diocels of London ; or if the Party dying he a Biflirp, though he have no Goods out of the Diocels where he died. Aiio to make Wills for all fitch as die intefiate within his Province, and to Ad- minifter their Goods to the Kindred, or to pious ufes, ac¬ cording to his Difcrctiui : Which nioft tranfeendent Trtiftand Power is lb anciently in fy,gland belonging to Hilltops, that the bed Antiquary cannot' lind the firft Origi¬ nal thereof. By Stnt.H(n. VIII. he hath the Honour and Power to grant Ldctuja and Dijpoijatimt in all Cafes heretofore fued for in the Court of Rome, not repugnant to the Law of God, or the King’s Prerogative; as to allow a Clerk to hold a Be- nelice in Commiami or Tnjl ; to allow a Son f contrary to the Canons) to fucccedliis Father immediately in a Benelice; to allow a Clerk rightly qualified to hold two Bcmjiccs with Cure of S’ouls; to difpenfe with Irregularity contrafted without a Man’s own Default, as by defeft of Body cr Birth, or by accidental killing of a Man, &c. to take off the Guilt of Simmy, to alhnv a Benelic’d Clerk, forcer- tain Caufcs, to be Hm-rcjidcn: for fome time ; to grant Dif- ponfatient to Sick, to old People, to Women with Child, to eat Flelh on days wheraOn it was forbidden j to conflitute Fublick Notaries, whole fingle Teftimony is as good as the Teftimonies of any two other Perfons. All which afore¬ mentioned Licinfa, Difpmfatwit, &c. the laid Archbilhop grants by himfelf, or by his Deputy, called the Mafftr of Facttltu's, in all his Majefties Dominions, except Sat land and inland ; for all the new late Acquihtions to this Ciown, as Virghtit >, Rete-England, Barbados, Btrimtiti, &c. were heretofore added by due Authority to the Province of Car.- tirkrj, and put under the Diocefs of Lmirn. He hath alto the Power to grant Literal tnitoriat, whereby any one th it brings his Appeal, may profecute the fame without an ' moleihtion ; to bellow one Dignity, Prebend, or Li" ring, in any Dioccfs within his Province, otherwife in ill; Gift of the Bilhop thereof, which foever he lhall chufe, *wi,ich is therefore called rhe Arclibilhop’s Option, upon eve¬ ry Creation there of a new Bifliop; who was formerly allb Part II. t0 provide a fu the Atchbiihop liytlKa:... by tile Advice iy“ fo' L.lii : ,» of ENGLAND. m .icnr II.-nffTce for one of l!;e Chaplains o r to Maintain him till it be cffeftej. inu i..,;. it is provided, That the Queen, \ ;ht ordain and pub- 1,d Ceremonies, as may be for God’s Glo- of tli; Church, and due Reverence of the He hath the Prerogative to confecrate a Bjffiop (tliough it mull: be done in the pretence and with the allilhnce of two other Iiilhnps, as every Bifhop gins Ordination, but ui'ually with the affifiance of Vtedyten) to aflign Cudjuioft to infirm Bilhops, to conlirnt rhe Elettion of B.lhops within his Province; to call Prrkncial S-,met ac¬ cording to the King’s Writ always direUed to him ; to be Medcraur in the Synods or Convocations, to give his Suf¬ frage there laff of all; to vilic the whole Province, to ap¬ point a Guardian of tire ip:rit::a!ilics, during the vacancy of any Billmprick within his Province, whereby all the Epifcopal Rites of that Diocels belong to him, all Ecclelialtical Jutifdiftions, as Vilitations, Inflituti- 'i'he Archbifhop may retain and qualifie eight Chaplains, which is two mote than any Duke by Statute is allowed The Archbifliop of Cantcrlmy hath moreover the Power to hold divers Courts of Judicature, for deciding of Diffe¬ rences in Eccleliallical Affairs, as his Court of /Ireks, his Court of Audience , his Prerogative Cur irt, and his Court of Peculiars ; all which /hall be bandied particularly. Tlicfe and other Prerogatives and Privileges, the Wif- liom of cur lirlf Reformers thought fit to be retained, and ! added to the chief Perfon funder the King) of the Church 1 of England. I go) It-] The next Perfon in the Church of England, is the Archbifhop of York, who was anciently alfo of very high repute in this Nation, and had under his Province not on- | ly divers Bifliopricks ill the North of England, but all tile Bi- Ifcopricks of Scotland for a long time,, until the Year 1470. when Pope S/xc/er the Fourth created the liifhop of St. jfu. j •!, ;m, Archbifhop and Metropolitan of M Satiated- He hath ftil) the place and precedence of all Dukes, net I of the Royal Blood, and of all great Officers c£ Slate, ex- j r ;t only the Lord Chancellor; hath the Title of Grace, Slid 122 Ebc yhcfcnt estate Part II, and Mift Reverend Fa'ber in Gd ; !..it!i the Honour to crown the $prm, and ro be her perpetual 'duplain He is alio (tiled Primate tf England, and Metropolitan, and hath under him the Bilhopricks of Turk, Durham, Carlijh, Chihr, and that of Stair and Man ; only Durham liath a pe- culiar Juril'diftion, and m many things is woolly exempt from the Juril'diftinn of the Arclibilhop. He had the Rights of a Cm: Palatine over Hey.amjhre in Utrtbumlirl.tnd ; may qualifie aifo eight Chaplains, and hath within his Province divers other of the lorementmned Pre¬ rogatives and Privileges, which the Archbilhop of Ganterb- rr hath within his own Province. Bidiorjei.] The next in place among the Clergy of £5. lard are the Bifnops, fo called from the S.imm Word Btjap, and that from the Greek, Speculator, Expkr.w velSuperintendent, an Officer among the Heathens, lo cab led, Sjtia pretrat pani & millui fittidiam, Epijctpus cnim a- pudChrifliamt prxeti pani &viBui fpirituali All the Bilh'ms of EnrJaud are Barms and P«« of the Realm • they are Barons by a threefold manner, (which can¬ not be laid of the Lay-Lords! they are Tmdal, in regard of Lands and Baronies annex’d to their Bifbopricks ; they at Barons by Writ, being femmoned by the Kings Writ t» Parliament; and they are Cleared Barons 'by Patens which by their Confecration is always exhibited to the Archbilhop, They have tl e Pr cel t I Temporal Barons under Vifcotints: III r n th e Place in the Upper Hmft, in a double Capacity, not only as Barons, but as Bilhops; for before they were Barons, they had in all times place in the Great Council of the Kingdom, and there ever placed on the King’s Right Hand, nor on./to give their Advice as Tudliesdo bur W traihvidum, oniinaniuni, JiMucndum, aef- nimJm, &c. They have the Title of Lmdt, and Rignt Rr ^ABBifliops in England have one or two tranfeendent Pti- vilec.es, which fecth almoft Regal, as in their own Cm.rtto judge and pal's Sentence alone by themfelves, without any Colleague or AfTellbr; which is not done in other of the King’s Courts; for the Biffiop’s Courts (tho held by the King’s Authority, E'trtnte Magijlratm fm, and though all Ju- rifdiftion in England is infeparaldy unnexed to the Crown, yet! are not accounted to be properly the Kings Courts, and therefore the Bilhops fend out Writs in their own Names; Part II- of ENGL AND. 12; Ttjlt the Bilhop, and not in the King’s Name; as all the King’s Courts, properly fo called, do. Moreover, llilliops have this other tranfcendent Privi- ledge, todepute their Authority to another (as the King doth) either to their Bijhp: Suffragans , to their Chancellors, to their Cmmiffanes, or other Officers, which none of the Kings Judges may do. All Bilhops have one Privilege above and beyond all Lay- Lords, viz. That in whatfoever Chriftian Prince’s Domini¬ ons they come, their Epifcopal Dignity and Degree is ac¬ knowledged ; and they may quatinus Bijhpt, confer Or¬ ders, &c. Whereas no Lay-Baron, Vifcount, Marquifs,nor Duke, is in Law acknowleged fuch, out of the Dominions of the Prince who conferred thofe Honours. The Laws and Cuftoms of England are fo tender of the Honour, Credit, Reputation, and Perfons ofBifliops, our Spiritual Fathers, that none might (without fpecial Licenfe from the King firft obtained) be indifled of any Crime be¬ fore any Temporal Judge, Upon fevere Penalty by our Laws, no Man may raife Re¬ ports, whereby Scandal may arife to the Perfon of any Bi¬ lhop, or Debate and Difcord between them, and the Com¬ mons of England. In Civil Tryals where any Bilhop is Plaintiff or Defen¬ dant, the Bilhop may, as well as any Lay-Lord, challenge t'.\t Arrap, if one Knight at lead he not returned of the Ju¬ ry, and it (hall be allowed unto him as a Privilege due to his Peerage. In Criminal Trials for Life, all Bilhops by Magna Char- ••>, and Stat. 25. Edm. 3. are to be tried by their Peers, who are Barons, and none under j notwithlhnding the late Conceit of fome Lawyers, that becaufe Bilhops may not be on the Criminal Tryals of a Peer, therefore are not to be ttyed by Peers ; for lb neither may Bilhops be tryed by a •ommon Jury, becaufe they may not be on the Tryal of fuch Men. Moreover, Noble Women may not be on the Tryal of Peers, and yet they are to be tryed by Peers of the Realm: And there is no legal Precedent in England of a Bifliop, remaining a Bilhop, that ever was tryed for his Life, but By Peers of the Realm. Anciently indeed, Bi¬ lhops were fo exempted, as not at all to be tryed by Tem¬ poral Judges, till after Deprivation and Degradation, and then being thereby rendred no Peers, but common Perfons, they nught be tryed by common Juries. Since 124 £be pjcfeut £m hit II. Since tin; Reform’.!ion, the ErpJ.jhP, flilliops Inve Seen lb conrtanHy Loyal ami True to the (,'riw n, (to the Envy of Hinconforinijls) and lb free frfim ti>l C vital Crimes, that there is yet no Precedent in England for their manna ofTryal for Life. As for that common Alfertion, J'htm Lords of Parliament are to k trpd ly the : r Pern, hit jack n fit there, Ratione Nobilitatis, and that ad La,"Lords havepkn III Parliament for that Reajon, it is not only f.t!fi; but frivulous, in the Judgment of very many judicious Men. And in¬ deed how abfurd and unreafonahle mud it needs be, (letill Men judge) that an Archbifhop of Canterl'iry, who is ac¬ knowledged to be primus ParRcgni, Ihould be tryed byi comntonjury of Freeholders, when as the meanert Lay- Baron, though created bur yefterday, may not be tryed by any under tite Degree of Barons. In Parliament the Bijbops and Barons may be prefent and voteattheTryal and Arraignment of a Peer of the Realm, only before Sentence of Death, or lofs of Member be pro¬ nounced, (that they may have no hand in Blood, no hand in dertroying, but only in facing.) Theyhave, by Canon- Law, the Privilege and Injunftion toabfentthemfelves, and by Common Law, to make Proxies to vote for them. Prim Elite.. Cap. a. It isexprefly declared, That all Lords of Parliament (without any exception of Lords Spiritual) Humid be tryed in that particular by their Peers. The Bijhops of England enjoy at this day many other Pri¬ vileges, as freedom from Arrerts, Outlawries, Diflrefs }n Eijuitaturam, or in a Journey ; Liberty to hunt in any ofthe King’s Forsrts or Parks, to kill one or two Deer, going from, or coming to the King upon his Order; to havecet- tain Tuns of Wine free from Imports, &c. The Pcrlons of'liilhops may not be lei red upon Con¬ tempt (asthc Perfom of Lay-Lords) but their Temporali¬ ties may only be fei/ed. Every Bifinp may by Statute-Law qualifie as many Chip lains as a Duke, m, Six, The Law of England attribureth fo very much to the Word of a Bifhop, that nor only in the Tryal of Baflirif t hUBilhp’s Certificate fhill I'urtice, but alfo in theTryalof Ihrejit, which touches a Man’s Life : Upon the Bijhops but Certificate, that any Man hath been convifted before Itimoi llercjie, the Secular Power puts him to Death without WJ Tryal by his Peers, till the Parliament for fome emergen; Cat!: cf ENGLAND. I2) - fit to alter that Courle, by repealing the /di S al Governours of the Church of arc of luch Ins'll and tender Relpeft in the Lye of [he Law, tlut it is thought l;t ro exaft tile fame from a Cler- r.-iiiin I.. I.u B........ i,. Oi Jinary, as from a Child to his j Ether, and therefore made the Oftenccs of Parricide ami £• f] I ) Trcafon. Next to the two Archbifhcps of England, the Bifliop of Um arrtongftalJ the Bifliops hath the Pre-eminence. E. pjeep: Undiucnjis (faith an antient Record; fpcciali ijttadam uteris anupomvd-.ts, quia Ecclef.a Camurienjis Duo. i.’-f Ij'r Provincialis. Being Bilhop over the Imperial and Co¬ pts'. City of England, it is by a Statute of later Times ex- 1'tdly provided, rhat lie fhould have the preference and OTCedcnce of all the Uilhops of England, whtrebv he is be¬ come (as heretofore, the Lord Prior of the Order of Sc. 'join cdjertifalm) Primus Ban Rcgni, as the Lord Btrgavnr.y is from; Bantam Lai corum. Next amongft thofe of the Epifiopal Co'Jcgc, is the Bilhop cf Durham, within the Province of 3 drk, who hath beer, a Count Palatine lix or fevcyi hundred Years: Wnerefore the coitimon Seal of the Biihoprick hath been of a long time an dm;iKnight, holding in one "Hand a naked Sword, and in the other a C butch. He hath alfo at this day the Earldom of Sadhcrg, annex¬ ed long ago to tire Biihoprick by the King. In the fifth place, by Virtue of the fotemenrioned Sta¬ tus is the Bilhop of H'inchcjlcr, reputed anciently Earl of L'uL’mp:on,aml lb (liftd in the Statutes of the Ihnwai’.cOr- certf tk Gancr, by H.ary the Eighth ; though loon after thi; Earldom was otherwile difpoled of. He is Suh-dc.m of lie Province of Canterbury, and inthe vacancy of the See cl Lotaon, executes the Archbiliiop’s Mandates for Convo¬ cation, a;r. which Office belongs to the Bilhop of Lin- :i "kaotrtbar of tile Province, in the vacancy of both t" !) '- C'ther Sees of London and U r wchtfiu- After thele aforenamed, all the other Uilhops take place •Kerning to the Seniority of their Confecration, unlels a- Bilhop happen to be made Lord-Chancellour, Trcal'urer, * in j 'Sul, or Secretary of State; which antienly was very Vud, asreptttcd I; r their Piety, Learning, Single Life, Di.- J^.ikc, t c. f,.r more lit for the Advafitage and Service of tlie 126 EbeJBjcfciu state Pauli, the King and Kingdom, than any Lay-man ; and in fudu Cafe, a Bifhop being Lord Cliancellour, had place nett to the Archhilhop of Canterbury, and above the ArchbiOiop of York ; and being a Secretary of State, had place next to the Bifhop of Winchejlcr. Next follow the Common; Spiritual, confiding otSuffrigor, Bijbops, Beam, Arch-deacons, Prebendaries, ReBors, and Vicm ; to whom alfo belong divers^onliderable Privileges. For eafing the Bifhop of foine part of his Burthen, n the number of Chrijlians waxed great, or the Diocefs \ra large, there were ordained in the Primitive Times, Chirupif- Kfi Suffragans, or Sn’j/idiarr Bijhops. Accordingly, in tit Englijh Church, of a long time, there have been fuch or¬ dained by the Name of Bijhops Suffragans, or Titular fli'jlup, who have the Name, Title, Stile, and Dignity of Bilhops, and fas other Bilhops) are confecrated by the Archhilhop of the Province, each one to execute fuch Power, Jurifdiction, and Authority, and receive fuch Prcfics as are limited in his Commidion by the Bifhop or Diocefan, whofe Suffro’tt Suffragan Bijhops, by an Aft of Parliament of Henry the Eighth, ftill in force, ate to be only of thel'e Towns fob lowing. • TluSttjjragtm Bipp for die Diocefs of Canterbury malt be at Dover only; for Tork, at Nottingham and Hull ; for London, ilCokheftcr; for Durham , at Berwick ; for Wimh (hr, at Guilford, Southampton, and in the IJIe of Wight ; for Lincoln , at B-djord, Leicejler , Grantham , and Huntington ; for Harwich, at Thetford and Iffaich ; for Salisbury, at Shffte burr, Melton, and Marlborough; for Bath and Wells, at Ttm- ton ; for Hereford, at Bridgnorth ; for Coventry and UchftU, at Shrewsbury ; for Eli, at Cambridge-, for Exeter, atSr.G tr mam ; for CarliJIe, at Pereth■ Thel'e only to be the Sets of Bifiops Suffragans, and no more Suffragans allowed, than fo many to each Diocefs, as above-mentioned. In publick Aflemblies they were to take place next after tit Te mporal Peers of the Realm. In the ablence cf t'ie Hi- ftuips imployed oft upon EmbaBies abroad, or rending it Court, to advife the King, thefe did ufually ftipply then places. A Suffragan Bifhop is made, in cafe the AnhbM, or fome other Bijhcp, for the better Government c. Ins Diocefs, dsfire the fame j and in fuch cafe, the Bilhop is » pf P.;rt II. of ENGL AND. 127 prtfent two able A'lcn tor any one place aforcinameJ, where¬ of his Mujefty chufsth one; but we have none noiv in E,island of this kinJ. l or lupply of able and fit Perfons to afiift Bilhops, or to make Bilhops, ir leaned coed to our Anceftors, that in every Dioceis a certain number of the more prudent anJ pious Bailors lhould be placed in a Collegiate manner, at every Cathedral. or Epifcopal See-, where they might not only be ready to afiift the Bilhop in certain weighty Cales, but alio lit thcmfelves, by gaining Experience (and ioling by little and little their former Familiarity with the infe¬ rior Country Clergy,! for Government and Authority of the Church. Accordingly in every Cathedral Church in&g- \mi, there arc a certain number of Ptdmiaries, otCmm, and over them a Dean, in Latin Detanus, from Asxct; be- caufe anciently fet over ten Canons at theleaft ; whoisl'ome- times liiled /liter Epifctpi Oeulns, (the ether being th vairch- Attcm, who though a Presbyter himfelf, is fo named, for his (.barge over the Deaeent) who are to be guided and di- rcftctl by him under the Billiop. Mr., That there are fomeDeans in England, without any JuriWiclion, only for Flonour io ftiled ; as the Dean of the Chappel-RoyaJ, wlio at prefent is Dr. Hairy Compton, Lord Billiop of Londont The Dean of Rippon, Dr. H'tvtl, and all the Deans created by Hen. S. Moreover, iome Deans thei^e are without any Chapter, yet enjoying certain Jurifdiftions; as the Dean ofC rtyda., the Dean of Battle, the Dean of Becking. ©carl and Chapter.] Antiently Bifhops did not ordina¬ rily tranlaft Matters of Moment, [me Ccnjiin Pralyurmm. pmipalium, who were then called Scnatorcs Ecciefa, and Col¬ leagues of the Bilhops, reprefented in feme lort by ouc Cathedrals; whereof the Dean and fome of the Prebends, are upon the Bifliop’s Summons, to afiift him mOrd.'naticnt, in Deprivations ab Ojjicio & Benefcio, in Cendtninati.n of ob- Ihnatc Hereticks, in the Great Excenmnicatuns, and in fuch like weighty Affairs of the Church. Upon the King’s Writ of Conge d' ejlin (as before-mentioned) the Dnmiand Prebendaries are to eleft the Billiop of that Dioceis. Cathc. dral and Collegiate Chttrches are, as it were, Seminaries 01 Seed-plots, whereout from time to time may be cliolen fit Perfons to govern the Chunk-. For having left the Country, r.-rtii. vt-Npce- r Auditors: it Bifliop’s 128 2Tljf! ctni and living here in aSocii they read Men ; they, by line ai tniliarity of the Inferii r t by render themfelves more lit tr Government. The Dean and Pr4.1 quired Rclidence in their ( / to keep Hofpitality uptm all Feftiv their turns, which is now turned t cites in the Pulpit; at due time ti Supper; to frequent puldick Dm the Country Clergy, and dircit to preach, whereby they may bell In a word, as they excel others in fore Ailed Prelaw ; Charity, they are to riour Clergy. • In almolf every Cathedral, 01 Dean, and divers Prebendaries, or ........... in fome more, in fonic lefs. Diane of the old Foundations, founded before the Sup- preflionof Monafleries, are brought to their Dignities much like Bilhops; the King iirll fending fottli his Conge eP efin to the Chapter, they eluding, and the King granting hit Royal Aflent, the Bilhop confirms him, and gives his ante to inltal him. Deane of the new Foundations (upon Suppreflion cf £■ hies or Primes, transformed by Hen. VIII. into Dean and C baftcr) are by a ^hotter Courfe Inftalled by Virtue of tin King’s Letters Patents, without eil-hci klettiun 01 Confirmation. Among the Cam; at Prebendaries in the old Foundations, lonte are Camnici a.!n, having Prehndna fedilc in Chin.ff jus jiiflrajeii inCapitnir, others are Camiiti in Herb* fas they are called^ having right to the next Prebend that fliall be¬ come void, and having already a Stall in the Quire, but no Vote in the Chap: er. A Prebend is properly the Portion which every Preetn- fay of a Collegiate or Ca'IM Climb leccivurh m the right of his place for Ids maintenance, 'juafi pars v.l firm prabenda. , , 3rcl)DracOH0.] Next in the Government of the Church, may be reckoned Jrcbdeayns, whereof there are fcixtyinall England : Their Oilicc Li to vUIt TwoY^kwii part II. of E N G L A N D. 129 Three, arid to enquire of Reparations and Moveables be¬ longing to Churches, to Reform Abufes in Ecclefiaftjcal Matters, and to bring the more weighty Affairs before the Biihiyofrhe Diocefs ; and therefore he is called, Alter E- pifcspi laths (the other being the Dean .) Moreover, the Office of an Archdeacon, is, upon the Bifhop’s Mandate, to inJutt Oerks into their Benefices, and thereby to give them polldlion of all the prolits belonging thereto Mny Archdeticons have by Prelcriptions their Courts and Officials as Btjhops have : whereof more hereafter. i\ural jDranti.] After the Archdeacons arc the Archi. frohsrios Ker.il D-ans, fo called perhaps at till! for their over-light of Ten Parifli-Prielbs- They were here anciently called D.cani Chriflianitatis Slid. net. ad Eaimcrvm, p. :ojj. Their Odice is now, upon Orders, to convocate the Cler¬ gy, to fignilie n them , fometimes by Letters, the Di- Siop’s plealure, and to give Induction for the Archieatm, living afar off. or JRcttOi®.] Next are to be confide- redthe Prii/lr of every particular Parilh, who are com¬ monly called the RcV.ors, unlel's the Predial Tythes are im¬ propriated, and then they ate Riled Vicars, quaft vice fmsrcuscs R,clown. Their Office is to take care of all the Parilhioners Souls, and like good Shepherds, to handle every particular Sheep apart; to catechize the ignorant, reduce the (hay¬ ing, confirm the wavering, convince the obftinate, repre¬ hend the wicked, confute Schifmaticks, reconcile Diffe¬ rences among Neighbours, to exercife the power of bind¬ ing and looling of Souls, as occaiion lhall offer; to read duly Divine Service, to adminifter the Holy Sacraments, and to preach, if the Bilhop (hall think fit; fo vilit the Sick, to marry, to bury, to render publick Thanks after Child-bearing, to keep a Regifter of all th§ Marria¬ ges, Cluiftnings and Burials, that lhall happen within the Parilh. Laflly, Deacons, whofe Office was to take care of the Poor, is now to Baptize, read in the Church, allift the Prieft at the Lord’s Supper, by giving the Cup only, &c. In England are Two Arehbijhps, Twenty Four Bijhps, no hijragan Bijhps at prefent, Twenty fix Deans of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, Sixty Archdeacons, $44 Prebendaries, many Rural Deans, and about 9700 Reihrs and Vicars, hefides Curates, who (or certain Stipends affift fiidi K Rclh's 130 SDje Relent j&tate Part II, RcHm and I'tcars that have t!ie Care of more Churches than one. After this brief Account of EccleftajlicalPerjons, fomewhit may here not unfitly be added, touching thofc Perfons, who, though not in Holy Orders, yet have a peculiar Relation to the Church, and are qitafi jam Ecclc/iajlici : as firfl, Pa- Irons of Churches, who, by firft building of Churches, or lirft endowing them with Lands, have obtained for them and their Ileirs, a Right of Advowfon or Patronage, whole Office and Duty is to propofe a fit Clerk (when the Church is void) to the Iiifiiop to be by him Canonically inftituted, and to piothft the faid Church as far as lie can from all Wrong ; and in cafe his Clerk prove unfit for the Place, to give notice to the Bilhop. Note, That although the Gift of the Higher Dignities of the Church of England, as Bijhopricks and Deaneries are only in the King, in whom is alfo the Donation of mod of thy bed Prebends and Camnicates, and very many great, and fome fmaller Parsonages, which are under the Vilitation of the Bijhops and Arthhijbops ; yet there are fome Donation and Frce-Chappels, which are fubjeft to the Vilitation only only of the Lord Chancellor, and wholly exempted from the JurifdiQion of any Bijbp. Next are the Oecmomi, vel Ecdefta Gttardiani, the Church- wardens, whofe Office is to fee that the Church be in good Repair, fitly adorned, and nothing wanting for Divine Ser¬ vice, Sacrament and Sermons : That the Church-yard be fufficiently bounded or endofed ; That there be an exift Terrier of the Glebe-Land-, and if any thing belonging to the Church be detained, to fue for the fame; to obferve that all Parifhioners come daily to Divine Service ; to requite the penalty for Abfence ; to inquire after, to admonilh and to prefent to the Bilhop fcandalous Livers; to colleft the Charity df Pariihioners for the poor Strangers; to declare and to execute the Orders of the Bijbp to fee that none prefume to vent his own Conceptions in the Pulpit, unlefs he he hath a fpecial Licenfe fo to do. The Church-wardens are Iilefted every Eajier-Week, ufually by the Parfon and Pari- flioners, if they fo agree ; if not, then one by the Par. fon, and the other by the Pariihioners. There are alfo in greater Parilhes joined with the Church- ■aiarditis, Tcjles StnodMcs, anciently called Symds-Mtn, now corruptly Sides-Mn;, who are to aflift the Chnrch-wardins in Part. I!. of E N G L A N D. 151 Inquiries into the Manners of inordinate Livers, and in prclcnting Offenders at Vibrations. * Laltly, the Sacripn, corruptly called the Sexton or Clerk, who is ordinarily to be chofen by the Parfin only ; he ought to be Twenty Years old, or above, of good Life, that can read, write, and ling ; His Office is to ferve at Church the PrieJI, Curare and Churchwardens. C H A P. XI. Of Ecclefiajtical Courts of England; and firfi of the Convocation. F O R the Church Legiptive Purser, or the making of Exchliallical Laws, and conl'ulting for the more weigh¬ ty Affairs of the Church, the King, by the Advice of his Privy-Council, ufually convokes a National Synod, com¬ monly called the Convocation, which is fummoned in man¬ ner following; The King direfleth his Writ to the Archbilhop of each Pnvinct, for lummoning all Bijhops, Deans, Archdeacons, Ca¬ rl: Jr ah and Collegiate Churches, according to their bell Difcre- tion and judgment, affigning them the time and place in the Paid Writ; whereupon the Archbilhop of Canterbury directs his Letters to the Bilhop of London, as his Dean Prtvintial, firfi Citing him peremptorily, and then Willing him in like manner to cite all the Btjhips, Deans, Archdeacons, Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, and all the Clergy of his Province to l'uch a place, and fuch a day prelixt in the Writ; but direfteth withal, that one Procter lent for each Cathedral and Collegiate Church, and two for the Body of the inferiour Clergy, of each Diocefs, may fuffice. The Bi¬ lhop of London accordingly directs his Letters *o the Bi¬ lhop of every Diocefs of the Province citing them in like manner to appear, and to admonilh the Deant and Archdeacons to appear perfonally ; and the Cathedrals, Code - time Chunks , and inferiour Clergy of the Diocefs, to fend their Proton to the place, and at the day appointed, to certifie allb to the Archbilhop the Names of all lb fummon¬ ed by them. Th* XJ 2 EljfPjcUnt^iatc Part II, The place where the Convocation of the Clergy in the Province of Cmlirkry , hath ufually been held, is St. PauF s Church in Lin.hu, from whence they have been of late by the Archbifhop prorogu’d to St. /V.Yr’s in IV.P.mmjltr, in the Chappc! of Henry the Seventh, or in the Chamber, where there is (as in a Parliament) a higher and lower Houl'c, ora Houle of Lords-Spiritual, and a Hotife of Commons Spiritual. The higher Hotife of Convocation in the Province of Canterbury, conlifts of Twenty two liidiops, whereof the Archbilhop is PteliJent, lifting in a Chair at the upper_end of a great Table, and the liilhops on each lide of the fame Table, all at the opening of a Convocation in their Scarlet Robes and Hoods, the Archbidiop’s Hood furr’d with h. min, the llidiop’s with Minever. The lower Houle confids of all the Deans, Archdeacons, one Proftn for every Chapter, and two I’roftors for all tit; Clergy of each Dincels, in all 1 66 Perfons, viz. Twen¬ ty two Deans, Twenty four Prebendaries, Fifty four Archdeacons, and Forty four Clerks reprclenting the Dio- cefan Clergy. The firft day, both Houles being alfembled, the Arch- biflion prefides as the head of the Clergy ol his Province, and the lower Clergy being required by the Mod Reverend, cliufe them a Prolocutor or Speaker; which done, they prefent him to the upper Houfe by Two of the Members, whereof one makes a Speech in Latin, and then the EleQ Perfnn makes anuth :r Speech in Latin. Ladly the Arch- bidiop anfwers in Lenin, and in the Name of all the Lords, approves of the Perl'on. doth Houfes debate and trai.faft only fuch Matters as his Majedy by Commillion expredy alloweth- In the upper Houfe things are at lirft propofed, and then communicated to the lower Houfe. 1 lie Major Vote in each Houfe prevails. Out of Parliament time they ufually aflemble every day about Nine of the Clock; and lird the Junior Biihop fays Prayers in Latin, beginning with the Litany, and then for the King, &c. And in the lower Houfe the Prolocutor fay) Pirtll. cfENGLAND. ijj ej without their own Confent, lignilied by their Repre- fentative. m Pirliimenr, ib tils Clergy could not frill they volunr inly relii'iieu tli..t Privilege,) be Taxed with¬ out their own Coulent, lignilied by their Repialent«ives The Clergy in Convocation might anciently, without ask¬ ing the Royal Arthur, ami now may with Hie Royal Artent make Cantnts touching Matters of Religion, to Lund nor on¬ ly tlieuifelvcs, but all the Laitv, fas lome have aderted) without Conlent or Ratification of tlieLoiJs and Commons in Parliament. Till the Rebellion in the Reign of King C/e.jr/rt the Firrt, the Parliament did not at all meddle in rlie making of Ca- mill, or in matters Dottrinal, or in Tranllation of Scri¬ ptures, or Annotations rliereon, only by their Civil SanHi. m (when they were thereto required) did confirm the Re¬ fers and Confutations of the Clergy, that fo the People might be the more ealily induced to obey the Ordinances of their Spiritual Governours. Tlie Clergy of England had anciently their Repfenta- tives in the lower Ihiufe of Parliament, as appears by that ancienr Record, fo prized by the late Lord C oh. All the Members of both Houles of Convocation have the fame Privileges for themfelves and Menial Servants, as the Members of Parliament have, and that by Statute. The Arcbbilhop of Tork at rhe fame time holds at Tor\ a Cmvicatim of all his Province in like manner, and by conftant Correfpondence, doth debate and conclude of the fame Matters as are debated and concluded by the Provincial Spod of Canterbury. All Suffragan Bijhopt, and Deans, Archdeacons, Prebendaries, RrrJirr and Vicar; have Privileges, fome by themielyes, o- thers by Proxy, or by Reprefcntative, to Sit and Vote in the lower Houfe of Convocation. High-Ccnnnijjiin Court. N O W for the Executive Power in Church-matters throughout the Kingdom of England, there have been provided divers excellent Courts, whereof the high-eft for Criminal Caules was the High-Cmmijfnn-Court; for Jurif- diftion 'whereof, it was enabled prim Elizabeths, That her Majelly and SuccelTors, (hould have Power by Letters Patents under the Great Seal, to nominate Commiflior.ers K 5 » i;4 ® !t PJ cf£nt &tflte Part N. to cxercife Turifdiftion throughout the whole Realm, to vijit, reform, and correct all Errors, Herejtes, Sehifms, Akfti, and Delincjuinciei, that may, by an Eccleliaflical Power bt corrcited or reformed. But firlt the Arbrirary Afts of fuch Ecclelraftical Commiflioners have given occalion to prohibit by Law the erefting of any fuch extraordinary Courts cf Ecciefufiical Judicature. Court of Delegate F O R Civil Affairs that concern the Church, thehighell Court is now the Court of Delegates ; for the Jurifdiai, on whereof it was provided a; Hen VIII. That it (hall be lawful for any Subjeft of England, in cafe of defeft of Juftic" in the Courts of the Archbilhop of Canterbury, to appeal to the .iing’s Majefty in his Courts of Chancery, and that upon fuch Appeal, a Commiffion under the Great Seal Ml be direfted to certain Perlons particularly delignedfor that Bulincfs, who are generally one half Clergy and the other Laity ; fo that from the hiyheft Court of the Archbt- ihop'ff Canterbury, there lies an Appeal to this Court of Delegates, and beyond this, to none other, unlefs it be to the tloul'e of Lords in.Parliament. Next to the Court of Delegates , are the Courts of the Archbilhop of Canterbury, where any Ecclciiaftical Suits be¬ tween any Perfons within this Province, may (was uig all Inferiour Courts; be decided. The Court of Arches. A Mongft them, the higheft Court is the Court of Anna, fo ailed from the Arched Church and Tower of St. JSWs in CheaffUe, London, w here this Court was wont to be held ; the Judge whereof is called Dean of the t Arches, ha- vine Jurisdiction over a Deanery confifting of Thirteen Pa. rilhes within London, exempt from the Junfdiflion of die Bilhop of London. Hither are direfted the Appeals m Bt- clefialtical matters within the Province of Can’erkury. Io this Court belong divers Advocates, all Doftors of the Ci¬ vil Law, Two Regifters and Ten Proftors: The Dean at prefent is Dr. Georgs Oxendcn. part IF. of ENGLAND. 13 y Court of Audience. I N the next place, the Archbilhop of Canterbury hath his Court of j iudience kept within the Archilhop’s Palace, and medleth with any Difference between Parties con¬ cerning Eleclions and Confccrationr of Bilhops, Admiffion, and Inllitution into Benefices, dilpenling with Banns of Ma- Prerogative Court. T H E next Court is called the Prerogative Court, which judgeth of Eftates fallen by Will, or bylnteftates; fo called, becaufe the Archbilhop, Jure Prarogativi fuse, hath this Power throughout his whole Province, where the Party at the time of Death, had s /. or above, in feveral Dioceffes; and thefe Two Courts hath alfo the Archbilhop of York. Court of Peculiars. L AIKy the Court of Peculiars which dealeth in certain Parilhes, lying in feveral Dioceffes, which Parilhes are exempt from the Jurifdiftion of the Bilhops of thofe Dioceffes, and are peculiarly belonging to the Archbilhop of Canterbury, in whofe Province there are Fifty feven fucli Eijhops Court. B Elides thefe Courts, ferving for the whole Province, every Bilhop hath his Court held in the Cathedral of hit Diocefs, over which he hath a Chancellour, termed anciently Ecclefiecdicus , & Epifcopi Ecdiau , the Chunk- Lixjcr, who being skilled in Civil and Canon Lata, (its there as ajudge ; and if his Diocefs be large, he hath in fome more remote place a Commiffary, whole Authority is only in fome certain places of the Diocefs, and fome certain Caufes, limited to him by the Bifinp in his Commijfan, Mid thefe are caUed Confifiory Courts . K* /irthdea- 1 1 6 Stljc Jpjtfm estate Part II, Archdeacon's Court, &:c. M Orcover, every Archdeacon hath his Comt ami Jnrirdi- ttion, where fmaller Diffcrvrices, arilinq within his Limits, are pleaded. Alio the Dean and Chaprer have j Court, and take Cogni/jnce of Caufcs happening in plaits belonging to the Cathedral. Laitiyj there ate certain Puuliar ; lurifdiBioni belonging to feme certain Parian, the Inhabitants whereof are exempt fnmetimes from the Archdeacon’s Juriltiiflion, and foir.c times from the Bifhop’s. C.t ufes klsHging to Ecclefuflical Courts. C Aufes b'longing to Ealftafical Courti are BlalphenyyA- t flinty from Chriflianity, Hacftc, Schijiu, 0 rdinatmt, ■■acion of Clerks to Benefices, Celebration of Divine Sir. ■aiics, Rirlots of Matrimony, Divorces, General Bafardy, Tytba, uns, Olrvctttions , Mortuaries , Dilapidations, Reparationof (.'rat ekes. Probate of Wills, Admiuijlratrar, Simmy, lnccfl, Its. rtcati hi, Adulteries, StBicilatim oj Cbajtity, Paifims, Proem- ttens, Con.tiatrn’itm of Per,ami, &c. the Cognizance whereof belongs nor to the Common Law of England. The Laws and Conditv.rions whereby the Ecclejiaflical Go- rsmmttit doth Itai'.J, and tire Church of England is governed, are fird Gentrai Carons made by General Councils ; allb the Arbitria Sanctorum fatrma , the Opinion of fathers, the grave Decrees of leveral Holy Bifhops of P.omc, in its purer times, which the Kings of England from time to time have admitted. Next, our own Onlhtutims made anciently in leveral Pro- littia! iynea's, either by the Legates Otho and Ochobon, fent Loin Rms, or by fee era! Archbiihops of Canterbury, all which arc by a; //•». VIII of force in England, fo far as tlies are not repugnant to the Laws and Cuftoms of firj- i.n.i, or rhe King’s Prerogative. Then the Canons made in Linvccatieitt of latter times, as prime Jacobi, and conlirm- cd by his Royal Authority. Alfo in fome Statutes enafled }>y bathamcnr, touching Lccleliaftical Affairs ; and lahly, i.'rvers Cufioms not written, but yet in tile beyond the Memory of Man : and where thefe fail, the Civil Law Em II. of ENGLAND. 137 The manner of Tryals by tiiefe Laws and Cuftoms are different horn theTryals at Common Law, and are briefly thus: I' if ft goes forth a Cm,-/ iw,then a Bill and Anlecr, then by Priojt, Witn-.Jfes and Prelumptiom, the Matters are argued Pro and Com, and tile Calm and Civil Laws quoted ; then, without any 'Jay, the definitive Sentence of the Judge paf- fetli, and upon that Execution. And this, is the manner of Trying Euleftajhcal and Civil Caulei ; but Ecclejiajlicai Cri¬ minal Cattfet are tryed by way of /legation, Denunciation, or lupbjition. The lirft, when fome one takes upon him to prove the Crime : The fecond, when the Ckurcb-wardea p.jlnt, and are not bound to prove, becaule it is prefumed they do it without any Malice, and that the Crime is noto¬ rious- Lallly, by Intjuifttmi, when, by rcal'onof common fame, Inquiry is made by the Billiop, ex ejjicio Juo, by calling fome of their Neighbourhood to their Oaths, or the Party ac- cufed to his Oath, ex officio fuo, fo called becaufe the tccleli- aftical Judge dorh it ex officio fuo, which is very ancient, and was dual among the Jews ; but by the prevailing Fa&ion ill the Long Parliament, this Power was extorted from the Church, the want whereof is one main Caufe of the Liber- tinifin and Debauchery of the Nation. Of Punitynents, inflifted upon Offenders by theft.- Spiritu¬ al nr Ecdeliaftical Courts, according to the aforefaid Laws and Authorities, fee Part 3. Tit. of Punijbnents. Before tt'illiam the Conqueror there were no Ecclefiaffical Courts, prope.lyfo called in England-, for anciently the Bi- ffiopsfat in Judgment together with the fecular Judges on the time Tribunal. Detent Epifcopi cum Jecculu Jndicibm ne pemittantji pojjmt, ut illinc ait qua pravita- imii enmina puilulavcrim, & Saccrdotibuspertine: in jiuo Dio- tee.. ut ad leilum jcdttli quemcuvque juvent, nec patiantur fi p'Jint ut Chifliamu alt quit alii notcal, & c . Chron. Jo. Brom- teadeLer. sEtbkfi. Reg. CHAP. SE&e gjcfent &tate Part II, x;8 CHAP. XII. Of the Civil Government of England and ffijl c f the Great Officer; of the Crown. Vj Ext to the King and Primes of the Bhod, are reckomd IN the Gnat Officers of the Crown, whereof there are nine, mil. The Lord HighStcward 0/England, the Lord High Chan¬ cellor, the Lord High Treafurer , the Lord President of the Kings Council, the Lord Privy Seal, the Lord Great Chamberlain , the Lord High Ctadable, the Karl Marjha! , and the Lord High M- 9i0f) SjtftoarD.j The firlh Great Officer of the Crown, according to the Account of our Anceftors, was the lari High Steward of England, or Viceroy, for fo the Word Stew¬ ard imports, in the Saxon Tongue, from Stede and Ward, locum tenons, in French, Lieutenant, and was the fame Officer with the Reicht Drojfet, thiris, Regni-vlce-Rex in Sweden, and the Stadtholder in Denmark, who is allb called Viceroy , or Lieutenant du P.oy. Our Common Lawyers (tile him Magnus /tnglhe Semfchal/as. He was anciently the Highefl Officer under the King, and his Power fn exorbitant, that it was thought fit not longer totruft itin the Hands of any Subjeft ; for his Of¬ fice was Sttpenidere & regular: jub Regie? immediate pod Re¬ gent (as an antient Record fpeak %) totstmRcgnum, tcmperibttt facts & guerrarum. The laft that had a State of Inheritance in this High Office, was Henry of BuPingbrasi (Son an 1 Hair to the Great Duke of Lancapr,Johnof Gum: } afterwards King o f England-, fince which tiir.C) they have been made only pro hac via, to officiate either at a Coronation, by virtue of which Office, he firteth judicially, andkeeperh his Court at the King’sPa- lace at Wifhninfler, and there receivctli the Bills and Petiti¬ ons of all fuch Noblemen and other, who, by reafon of their Tenure, or orherwife claim to do Services at the King’j Coronation, and to receive the Fees and Allowances due and aeuflomed; as at the Coronation of King Chariot the part II- of ENGL AND. r?9 Second, the Duke of Ormond was made for that occafion, Lord High Steward 0/England, and ("marching immediately before the King, above all other Officers of the Crown) bore in his Hand St. Edward'sGrown ; orelfe for the Arraignment of fomc Peer of the Realm, their Wives or Widows for Treafon or Felony, or fome other great Crime, to judgand give Sentence, as the ancient High Stewards were wont to do; which ended, his Commiflion expireth : So at the Arraign¬ ment of the Earl of Pembroke, the late Lord High Chancel- lour of England, Hcnorge Earl of Nottingham, Baron of Drain- try, was made Lord High Steward, pm ilia vice : And lately jt the Arraignment of the Lord Mohan, Thoms, the hi tv Duke of Leeds, then Marquefs of Camnarthen, and Lord Preli- dent of the Council, was made Lord High Steward for that occalion ; during which Trial he fitteth under a Cloth of Eftate, and they that fpeak to him, fay, May it pleafe your Gms, my Lord High Steward of England. His Commiition isto proceed, Secundum Legem & Confuetudinem ainglia, He is Sole ’judge, yet doth call all the Twelve Judges of the Land to alfift him. Is not fworn, nor the Lords, who are the Tryers of the Peer arraigned. During his Stewardfltip, he bears a white Staff in bis Hand and the Tryal being over, openly breaks it; and fo his Office ends. J.0JD Cljaticello?.] Next is the Lord High Chandler, Smtmus Cancellarius, fo called, becaufe all Patents, Commiili- ut, Warrants, coming from the King, and perufed by him, ate Signed, if well; or Cancelled where amifs; that is, crofs’d out with Lines acrofs like Crofs Bars, or Latices, cal¬ led in Latin, Cancelli ; or elfe becaufe anciently he fat ir.tra Garniks J that is, fuch a Partition, asufually nowfeparates the Church from the Chancel. . ®‘Snitp.] He is after the King and Princes of the Blood in Civil Affairs ("there being now no Lord High Steward) thehigheftPerfonin the Kingdom, as the Archbiflmp of Cmterhryjs in Ecdeliaftical Affairs. ©fficc J His Office is to keep the King’s Great Seal, to Judge, not according to Common Law, as other Civil Courts do, but to moderate the Rigour of theLaw ; and to judge according to Equity, Confcience, or Reafon ; to bellow all Ec- delialtical Benefices in the King’s Gift, under ao /. yearly mthe King’s Books; and for this, and other Caufes, he was £Ver ) till ut late Years, a Clergy-man. Cat!). 140 Eije JBjefcm &tate Part II, iDat!).] His Oath is to do Right to all manner of People, poor, and rich, after the La.vs and Cnrtoins of the Realm, and truly to cvmfcl the King; to keep fecret the King’s Counfel, nor l'ufter fo far as he may, the Rights of the Crj», to be diminilh’d, &c. From the time of Henry the Second, the Chancellors of England have been ordinarily made of Uilhops, or other Clergy-men learned in the Civil Laws, till Henry the Eighth, made Chancellor full Sir Thomas Moor, and after hint Sir Thomas Anility. After whom was made Lord Chancellor, Sir Richard Rich, Knight, Lord Rich, (a common Lawyei) who had been h'rft the laid King’s Sollicitor, and after, wards Chancellor of the Court of Augmentation, from whom is defeended the prefent Family of the Earls of Wn- tt/ri'and Holland ; lince which time there have been fome Biihops, but mold Lawyers. This High Office is in France, durante vita, but here ’tis durante km placito Regis. Sll«rp ] Die Salary from the King was 848/- per m- mem, and when the Star Chamler was up, aoo /. per aum more for his Attendance there. (Citation ] The Lord Chancellor and the Lord Keeper are the fame in Authority, Power ini Precedence, yet they differ in Patent, in Height and Favour of the King ; the Keeptn are created per Traditionem rngni Sigilli ftbi per Dminm Re gem, and by taking an Oath ; only the Lord Chancellor hath belldes a Patent. The Right Honourable Sir Nathan Wright is the pit- fent Lord Keeper, and lately one of his MajeRies Serjeants JlO^DHCrcafurcr.J The Third great Officer ofthe Crown, is the Lord High Treajurer of England, who receives this High Office by delivery of a Staff to him by the King, and holds it durante In n/pl icito Regis. Anciently he received this Dignity by the delivery of the Golden Keys of the Tre.iliiry. jfiPatl) J His Oath is little different from that of die Lord Chancellor. HDfftCC.] He is Prsfcilns .L7-r;7, a Lord by bis Office, Under whole Charge and Government is all the King’s Re¬ venue kept in the ExchagUir. He hath alfo the Check of all the Officers any way employed in coliefling Impofis, Ca/lmt, Tributes, or other Revenues belonging to the Crown. He Part II. of E N G L A N D. 141 hath the Gift of all the Caftan., s, Comptrollers znA Searchers in all the Torts of England. He hath the Nomination of the Efcbeators in every Coun¬ ty, and in fnme Cafes by Somite is to appoint a Mealiircr for the length ami breadth of Clothes. He, wit 1 others joined in Commiffion with him, or with¬ out, letteth l .?/'./ of all the Lands belonging to the Crown. He givetli Warrants to certain Perfons of Quality, to have their Wine Caftan-free. The ancient annual Salary of the Lord High Trcnfurcr of England, was in all 583/. 7 r. Si i. but the late Salary was Sooo /. per annum. This High Office is in the Hands of Five Commiffioners, hereafter named. lojD ^CliDfUt.] The Fourth Great Officer named in the Stature 31 Her1. VIII. is the Lord Preftdert: of the King’s Privy-Council; an Officer as ancient as King Johns time ; was ufually called Ctnftliarins Crpital-s. His Office is to attend upon the King, to propofe Runnel's at Council-Table, and then to report to the King the fevera] Tranfaciions there. It hath been always granted II i r (irt,.t Seal durante bene pheito. This Office of later (fries was grown obfolcte ; cea- ling in flic litiHiirl ofd'l.mclrjkr] the Lord Ciiancei- ler afterward fupplying thar Place ; till of late the Ei r ; of inapt slay was made Lord Prep,Lit:, and llr.ee that the LcrJ Rib-rts l'ucceeded him, and was created liar! of Rarfl)al.j The Eighth Great Officer 0 f the Crown the £„r/ Marjhal of England He is an Earl, fome fay, by i Office, whereby he taketh, as the Confab!? doth, Col ance o, all matters of War and Arm, determineth Con. touchmg Deeds of Arms, out of the Realm upon Land nd Matters concerning Wars within the Realm, which him be determined by Common Law; and in thefe Mat rslie is commonly guided by the Civil Law. Note, That anciently be had feveral Courts under him, 1 tit now only the Mnrjbalfea, where he may fit injudg. Court m,nl,S Uffcndil ’ g within the Vcr £ e of the !n “ J '“»• Part ]I. of ENGL AND. Toriie UtJttpb Minimi belongs, by Law and Cuflom 2!! h',:.i!::es and Jmrc;mr,i:s ot all Tranfgrellbrs at Sen, cm the Sca-iiiorc, in Ports, and from the firfi: Bridge on Rivers reward'; the Sea ; alio the Goods of Pirates, Films, or C,>- f/.-.i/ F,suiters, Condemned, Out-Jawed, or Horned. Moreo . vet. oMIl'j.Js, Stray Gusts, Wrecks of Sea, Dcodauds, a/h'p' of ali lawful Prizes, Lagoa, Fkfoii, and 'Jttfm, as our LaivI yers term it; that is Goods lying in the Sea, on Ground, Goods floating on the Sea, and Goods call away by th- Sea on the Shore, not granted to Lords of Manners adioyn- m» to the Sea All great Fillies, as Scu-Hogs, and other F- ihesnf extraordinary bignefs, called Royal Fijbcs, exce-itonly Wksl ' am! Sturgeons. 1 This High Office is at prefent executed by Five Com- miliioners, tu.it lhall be hereafter named. CHAP. XIII. Of the Privy-Council. T il E Primum Mtlik of the Civil Government of hnd,' from whence all the inferior Orbs derive drew Motion, is that Noble, Honourable, and Reverend Allem- bly, called Conftlium jeeretum private, vel continuum Peg's Concilium, which is a Court of great Antiquity and Ho- Dsforc the latter end of Hairy the Third, P^tod pnvifma jm per Rcgcm & Cmfilittm[mm privatum, [tgillops Regis 'em- pnnatttm, procul dubio Ltgis vigorah babuit, faith Spilman. The primitive and ordinary way of Government in &>- if? 1 *’, ''' as b y tbe King and his Privy-Council , and all our •ting s have afted much by ir, determining Controverlies of pat Importance, fometimes touching Lands and Rights between Party and Party, whereof there are very many • tclidents; and the Judges of England, in fome difficult Ca¬ ts were nor wont to give Judgmenr, until they had flr:l conlultcd the A/«g or his Prlyy-Cctmcil. Moreover; the Lords and Commons aJTembled "in Parliament, have oft- ,n je$ tranlinitted Alatters of high Moment to the Kin* ,nd b'S Privy-Countil, as by long'experience, batter able to 146 SC 1 )C purcttt £>tatc Part II, udce of and by Secrefie and Expedition, better able to ttanf- a£k Tome' State Affairs, than all the Lords and Commons At prefent the King and his! \Pr imp-Council take Cognizance of few or no Matters, that may well be determined by the known Laws, and ordinary Courts of Mice ; but only confult for the publick Good, Honour, Defence Safe¬ ty and Benefit of the Realm, not medling with Matters that concern Free-holds, but Matters of Complaint, and fudden Emergencies. The Lords of the Privt-Cutneil are, as it were a part of the King, incorporate with him and his Cares, bearing up¬ on their Shoulders that great weight that ctherwife would lie wholly upon his Majefty ; wherefore of fuch high Va¬ lue and Lflecm they have always been, that if a Man did but fhike in the Houfe of a Privy-Councellor or elfewhere in his prefence, he was grievoufly fined for the fame; and to confpire the Death of any of them was made Felony, in any of the King’s Servants, within the Cheque Roll, and to kill one of them was High-Treafon. A Privy Counfellor, though but a Gentleman, fhall havn Precedence of of all Knights, Baronets, and younger Sons of all Barons and Vifcounts. , The Subfiance of their Oath is, That they fhall accord- inn to their Power and Difcretion, truly, juilly, and evenly counfel and advife the King, in all Matters to be treated in his Majefty’s Council; That they fhall keep fecret the King’s Council, &c. , By force of this Oath, and theCullom of the Kingdom of Eniltnd, a Privy Councilor is made without any Patent or Grant, and to continue only during the Life of the King that makes him, nor fo long unlefs the King pleafeth. To his Privy-Counfellors, the King of England may de¬ clare or conceal from them, whatfoever he alone ludgeth fit and expedient, qua in re (faith that exceUent Sir Thome Smith) ahjolutifpmum eft hoc RegmmAngliee pra VenetorumW- catu, aut Lacedamoniorum Principal. The King, with the Advice of his Privy-Council, doth publifh Proclamations binding to the Subjeft, provided that they are not contrary to Statute, or Common-Law, butu Execution of them. . , The Members of this moll Honourable Council, are inch, as the King’s own free Will, and mcer Motion, Bull pw“j Parr. II. cf E N G L A N D. 147 tochufe, ami are commonly Men of the higheft Ran!;, i> minent for litotes, Wifdoin, Courage, Integrity, &e. And 1 -aufe there are few Cafes of Moment i'o Temporal, hut that they may foine way relate to .Spiritual ASiirs, there¬ fore according to the general Rules of Policy and Go¬ vernment, which God hiinl'elf ordained amonglf his cho- fen People the Jews, the Privy-Council, fas well as the great Council of Parliament) is compofed of Spiritual, as well as 1'tinporal Perfons, and fome of the principal llilhops of Engbnd, have in all times been chofen by his Majefty, to be of his Privy-Council. They are all to wait on his ATajefty, and at Council- Hoard to lit in their Order bare-headed, when his Majefty prelides. At all Debates, the lowed delivers his Opinion firft, that fo he may be die more free, and the King laft of all de¬ clares his Judgment, and thereby determines the matter of Debate. The certain Council Days are IVedtefdays and Tridayt, in the Mornings, except in Parliament, or Term-time, then they are in the Afternoons; and when the Court is at Windy,r, his Majefty does for the rnoft parr, appoint the Council to meet at Harnpt on-Court on Tliiirfdays ; buc for the moreeafie dilpatchof Bulinefs, they were thought fit to di¬ vide themfelves into divers ftanding Committees, three whereof to be a Qiiormn, and to meet as oft as they plea fe ; whare note, That the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, Lord t'rcjUent, Lord Privy-Seal, and two k Sccr/earies, are of all Conimitrces. The Lords of thefe Committees of Council being often chrnged by reafon ofSicknefs,or their being out of Town, others are appointed by his Majefty in their ftcads, and therefore no certainty of their Lifts. The Names of thefe Committees are, The Committee for Intelligence. The Committee for Inland. The Committee for Trade, and Foreign Plantations : Alio forconfuleration of die Affairs of the Hies of Jerje) and Guem- h, and tire little Illes depending on them. A SEijC $3)cfnU £t?.tc Part II. A Council is fcldcm or never held without the Prefence of one of the Secretaries of State ; of uhofe Office and Di n nity, ntfch more conllderable in England th-n in otner Nations’ take here this brief Account. ftrcnfaricjt of J&tatC.] The King of England had anci¬ ently but one Secretary of State, until about the end of Henry the Eighths Reign, it was thought fit, that weighty and important Office fhould he difcharged by Two Perions, both of equal Authority; and both filled Principal Secretaries ef State. In tliofe days and fome while after, they fate not at Council-Board, but having prepared their Bufinels in a Room adjoyning to the Council-Chamber they came in, and flood on either hand of the King; anu nothing tvas debated at the Table, until the Secretaries had gone through with their Propofals. But Queen Elizabeth leldom coming to Council, that Method was altered, and the Two Secre- taries took their places as Privy-Councellors, which Dignity they have retained and enjoyed ever fince ; and a Council is feldom or never held without the prelence ot one ot them at the Ieafi. _ „ , Their Employment being of extraordinary Trull and Multiplicity, renders them molt confidetable in the Eyes cf the King, upon whom they attend every Day, as Occafi- on requires; and of the Subjeft alfo, whofe Requefts and Defires are for the moll part lodged in their Hands, to be reprefented to the King, and always to make Difpatches thereupon, according to his MajeftiesAnfwers and Dt- r 'A° n for Foreign Affairs, the Secretaries divide all_ the 1; irnltmt and Nation!, which have intercourfe of Bulmefs with the King of England, into Two grand Provinces; whereof each Secretary taketh one to himlelt, receiving an 1 tilers and Addreiles from, and making all Difpatches to the leveial Princes and States comprehended within Ins ' But irTai^Mattcrs of Ilome-concem, whether they relate to the publick, or to particular Perlons, both the Secretaries do equally and indiftinffly receive and difpatch whatlpevet is bioughtto them, be it for the Church, the Militia, cr private Grants, Pardons, Difpenfations, 6" They Part II. ef E N G L A N D. 149 They have this fpecial Honour, that if either of them be a /!.»■(»> he takerh place, and hath the Precedence of all other I’erfons of the fame Degree, though othenvil'e by their Creation tome of them might have Right to pre¬ cede him ; and a Knight in like manner, if he hath no other Qualification ; but if above rite Degree of a Baron, then he takes place only according to the Seniority of Im Creation. They have their feveral Lodgings appointed them in all the Ring’s Houles, as 'veil for their own Accommodation, as for their Office and thole that attend upon it. They have alio a very liberal Diet at the King’s Charge, or Hoard- wages in lieu of it. And to ffiew ho'v confiderable their Place is, their letled Allowance from the King, in Salary and Pention, is little lets than Two thoufand Pounds Sterling per annum to each of them. The Secretaries and Cierks, whom they employ under them, are wholly at their own choice, and har e no depen- dance upon any other Power or Perfons helides tliem- felves. The Secretaries of State have the Cuflody of thatSeal’of the King, which is properly called the Signet ; the Ule and Application whereof, gives Denomination to an Office, con- ftanrly attending the Court, called the Signct-Offiee, wherein there are Four Clerks, who wait alternately by Months, a.rd prepare fuch things as are to pafs the Signet, in order to the Privy-Seal, or Great-Seal. Tliefe have no Fee from the King, but only Diet, which at I’enlion is 100 l. yearly ; their Office is in Wiiitc-tin'i: they wait by Month, each of them three Months in a S ear. One of them always attends the Court wherefoever it re¬ moves, and by Warrant from the King, or Secretaries of State, or Lords of the Council prepare fuch Bills or Letters for the King to tign, as not being Matter of Law, are by any Warrants dire&ed ro them to prepare. In their Office all Grants, either prepared by the King’s Learned Council at Law, or by themfeives, for the King’s Hand, when tlgn- cd, are returned, and there tranlcribed again, and that Tt.ni- feription is carried to one cf the Principal Secretaries of State, and fealed, and then it is called a Signet, which is dire¬ cted to the Lord Privy-Seal, and is his Warrant for itliiing out a Ptivy-Seal upon it, which prepared by the Cierks of I jo Eljc pjcftnt State P.utll tliat Seal, is fufficient for tlic payment of any Moneys 01;; of the Exchequer, ami for fevtr.il other ules : but when the Nature of the Grant requires the palling the Great-Seal; then the Privy-Seal is an Authority to the LorJ Chancellor palls the Great-Seal, as the Si Seal, to affix that Seal to the ( fices. &c. Signet, Privy-Seal, rranl'cribed. So all which palfes from the King, hath thefe leveral ways of being conliilertil before perfefted. There ate alfo Four Clerks of the Privy. • Vtii %l „ !:mJ Scat.' More of their Office is to be feen in Su woitlry to be noted. To this Office in (time when the Court of Requefli is in ProcidlM out of that Court, , , Tt The Two prefent Secretaries of State are the Right Ho¬ nourable Jama Vtmm Efq; and the Right Honourable Sit Ckarlec Hedges. , Moreover, depending on the Secretaries of State, is an ancient Office called the Paper-Office, the Keeper whereof hath in his Charge all the publick Papers, Writings, Matters of State, and Council ; all Letters, Intelligences, Negotia- tinns of the King’s publick Miniflers abroad, and generally all the Papers and Dilpatches that pafs through the Offices of the Two Secretaries of State, which are from time to time tranfmitred into this Office, and here remain, dilpofed by way of a Library, within his Majefty’s Palace of Whitt- This confiderable Officer hath a Fee of 160 /. per m- mm, payable our of the Exchequer, and is at prefent Sir > jeph WiSimfm, Kt. formerly one of the Principal Sectcta. ries of State, and late one of his Majeflies Plenipotentiariesat the Treaty of Ryfoiik- CHAP, Part N. of ENGLAND. CHAP. XIV. Of the P ARLIAMENT of ENGLAND, and therein of |he Perfon fummoning, the manner o f the Summons, the Perfons fummoned, their Privi¬ leges, the i’laee and manner of Sitting, the faf¬ fing of Bills in either Houfc, the faffmg of Acts of Parliament, of Adjourning, Proroguing, and Dijjol- ving of Parliaments , &C. B Efore the Conqueft, the Great Council of the King, confiding only of the Great Men of the Kingdom, was called Magnesium Conventus, or elfe Prah'.orum Parccrum- ftt Concilium, and by the Saxons in their own Tongue Mi¬ di Gemot, the Great Alfembly; after the Conqued, about the beginning of K. Ed. I. fome fay, in the time of Hen. I. it was called by the French Word Parlementum, from Por¬ ter, to talk together, dill confiding fas divers great Au¬ thors affirm) only of the Great Men of the Nation, until the Reign of Henry the Third, the Commons alfo were called to (it in Parliament ; for divers Authors prefumc to fay, thelird Writs to be found in Records, fent forth to fum- mon them,bears date 49 Hen. 3. above Four hundred Years ago. Yet fome Antiquaries are of opinion, that long be¬ fore, nothing of moment wherein the Lives or Elhtes of the Common People of England were concerned, ever paf- fed without their common Confent. None but the King hath Authority to fummon a Parlia¬ ment : In the King’s Abfence out of the Realm, the Ca- /!« Urgin' in the King’s Name doth fummon a Parliament; and during the King’s Minority within the Realm, the Pro- nP.or Rcgni doth the fame. No Parliament can begin without the King’s Prclcnce, either in Perfon, or by Reprefentacion in Commidion. When tile King of. England is with his Parliament in time of Peace, he is then faid to be in the Heighth of his Royal Dignity, as well as when lie is at the Head of his Army, in time of War. There is then l'carce any thing that the ij2 fEljc Relent gitate Part II. King cannot do, his Power cannot be confined for Caofc w Perlbns within any Pounds. Hetjan, with the Concurrrence of his Lords and Commons, abrogate Old Laws, make Now, change Right and PorteHton of private Men, alter Weighty and Mealures, raife Taxes, give Indemnity or Pardon in general, reflore Condemned l’erfons and Fami¬ lies in Blood and Name, legitimate one that is born ille¬ gitimate, balhrdife one that is born by Common Law le- gitimate; (that is to lay, one begotten in Adultery, the Husband being then within the Four Seas..) He can make an Infant of full Age, make an Alien or Foreigner an Englijb-Han, can attaint a Man of Treafon when he is dead, when he is no more a Man, &c. In a word, a Parliament’s Authority is mod Abfolute; a Parliament can do all that Senalns populujijiie Romanics could do, cenlnriatis Cmitiii fiu Tribunitiis ; it reprefents the whole Kingdom ; fo that the Conlent of the Parliament is prefumed to be the Confent of every Man in England. A Parliament is fummoned in manner following: About Forty Days before the Parliament doth alfemble, the King ifliies out his Writ, cum Advifamenio Cmcilii fui ; and the Warrant is, Per ipjum Rrgrm & Confilium. The King’s Writ (which is a fliort Letter or Epiftle) is direfted and font to every particular Perfon of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, commanding the Sords Spiritual, in Fide & DiUHiom, and the Lords Temporal, per Fidcm if Al- Icgtaniinm, to appear at a certain time and place, to Treat, and give their Advice in fome certain important Affairs concerning the Church and State, &c. Other Writs are fent to the Sheriff of each County, to fummon the People to eleft Two Knights for each County, Two Citizens for each City, andOneorTwo Burgeffesfot each Burrough, according to Statute, Charter, or Cultom. In thefe Elections anciently all the People had their Votes, and moll Votes carried if, but for avoiding of Tumults and Trouble, it was enafted by Hen. VI. That none fhould have any Suffrage in the Eleftion of Knights of the Shire, but fucli as were Free-holders, did rclidc in the County, and had yearly Revenue 40;. (which, till theDifcovery of the Gold and Silver in America, wasasmuch as 30 or 40/. now) whence ir came to pafs, that the Lay-Commons were then e- Jetted as the Clergy-Commons, the Procnrntores Clcri were, and ever have been, was, Jhie Prccc,Jtnc Presio, fine Poculo, &c. p art If. of ENGLAND. iy? Yet there was then, as now, this Defeft or Abfurdity, That whereas all Englijh-tnin, who have confiderable Eftates, ca"lit not to be taxed without their own Conlent in Par¬ liament, by themfelves, or by their Reprefentatives, yet Copy-holders in England , whereof there are very many, who'have aThoufand Pounds a Year, have no Voice in the Elections of Knights of the Shire. The Perfons elefted for each County, are to be Mllites Etr.AiUs, or at leaft Efquim, or Gentlemen fit to be made Knights, as it is in the Statutes of Urn. VI. They ought to be lie aifcrcliorihif MiUtibus , &. ad laborandnm ptemthribuf, as the Words in fome Writs have been : They ought not to be of younger Years; for then it would be Juvinatue (if the Word may beallowed,) rather than Saimtti, nor lazy Epicures, but Men of Years, vigorous, aftive and abftemi- ous; Men that will'be content to give their conftant At¬ tendance in Parli^mdnt, or elle to enjoy neither Privileges nor Expenccs, allowed to every Member of the Commons- Houle. They ought to be Native Englifh-men, or at lealt, fuch as have been Naturalized by Aft of Parliament; no Alien or Denizen, none of the Twelve Judges, no She¬ riff of a County, no Ecclefiaftical Fcrfon that hath Cute of Souls, may be chofen a Parliament-man, to ferve for any County, City, or Burrough. Two things are Paid to be requifite to the Legality of fitting in Parliament : lirft, That a Man (houlJ be of full Age; that is, Twenty-one Years old at leaft; for if no Man under that Age can difpofe of his Eltare, nor can make one legal Aft to that purpofe, then much lefs may he beat any part in the Supreme Power of the Nation, to Judge, Vote, or difpofe of the Eftate of the whole Realm ; yet the praftice in the Houfe of Commons ('though very rarely in the Houfe of Lords,) hath oft been othenvife, and therefore by a late Law wifely retrain’d to the full Age of Twenty-one Years. Secondly, That he Ihould be a Mem¬ ber of the Church of England, as by Law Eftabliflied. All Members of Parliament, both Lords and Commons, that they may attend the publich Service of theit Country, are privileg’d, with their Menial Servants attending on their Perfons, together with all their neceffary Goods btoughc along with mem, from all Attachments and Imprifonments for Debts, TrefpalTes, Account or Covenant, all the time that they are on the way to the place of Parliament, all the ij4 fflje ^jfrcnt §>ta(e Part II, time of the SelTion, and all the time they are oil their way home again, Eunii, Morando, ad propria Rcd.-mdo ( for.fo were the old Words;) but they are not privileg’d from Arrefts fdr Treafon, Felony, or breach of the Feace. The Place of meeting for this High and Honourable Af- fembly, is in whatfocver City, Town or Houle the King pleafeth ; but of later times it hath ufually been held at the King’s ancient Palace, and ul'ual Relidence at WepninJIer ; all the Lords in a fair Room by themfelves, and the Commons not fir from them in another fair Room, which was here¬ tofore the ancient Free Chappel of St. Stephen- The manner of fitting in the Lord’s Houfe it thus t The King, as oft as he comes (which hath ufually been only at the opening of Parliaments, t or at the palling of Bills, or at fome folemn Debates, is'fome Kings have frequently done) is placed at the upper End of the Room, in a Chair of State, having a Cloth of State over his Head, under which, on either Hand, are none but the King’s Children. On the King’s Right Hand is a Seat, anciently for the King of Scotland, when he was fummoned to Parliament, as he fometimes was, in Fide & Legiantia ; but now it is for the Prince of Wales, On the King’s Left Hand is a Seat for the Duke of Fork. On the King’s Right Hand, and next the Wall, are placed on a Form, firft the King’s Vicar-General in all Caufe Ecclefiaftick, in cafe his Majefty lhall fas Henry the Eighth Idid) create any fuch; and then next to him on the fame Form, the Two Archbilhops; below thefe on another Form, the Bifhops of London, Durham and Winchefler ; then upon other Forms on the fame fide, all the reft of the Bifhops fit, according to the priority of their Confecration. On the King’s Left Hand, upon Forms are placed the Lord Chancellor,Treafunr, Prefidtnt of the Kings Council, and Lord Privy-Seal ; if they are Barons, above all Dukes, ex¬ cept thofe of the Royal Family. On the fame fide fit the Dukes, Marquiffes and Earls, ac¬ cording to their Creations. Upon the firft Form a-crofs the Houfe, below the Woo.- Sacks, fit the Vifcomtts, and upon the next Form the Barm Pvt II- Of ENGLAND. rjj The Great Chamkrlain, the Conjlahle, tile Marjhal, the Lord dinar .>/, the Great MaJIer, or Lord Steward, the King’s Clamler! i-'r. 1 , (hall lit above all other of the fame degree of Nobility with themfelves, by an Aft of Parliament in St/. Pari 3 Hat. 8. N. ro. and the chief Secretary being a Baron, Hull lit above all Bams, who have none of the a- ; forementioned Offices; and if he be a Bifhop, above all other Bijhps not having any of the laid Offices. The reft of the Peers to lit according to the order of their Creation. The Lords Chancellor, Trcajnrcr, Prcfedent, Privy-Seal, and Secretary of State, being under the degree of Baron, {hall lit at the uppermoft part of the Wool-Sacks in the midft of the Parliament-Chamber, Seld. Titles of Honour, p. a. n. §■ 3- Of late the Lord Chancellor, or Keeper, ("if the King be prefent) Hands behind the Cloth of Eftare, otherwife fits on the firft Wool-Sack, thwart the Chair of State, his Great Seal and Mace by him : He is lord Speaker of the Lord’s Houfe. Upon other Wool-Sacks fit the Judges, the Privy. Cmfellcrs, and Secretaries of Stale, the King’s Council at law, the Maflers of Chancery. Thefe being not Barons, have no Suffrage in Parliament, only fit to give their Advice when it is required. The rea/bn why thefe Sages are pla¬ ced upon Wool-Sacks may probably be, to mind them of the great Importance of Wool and Sheep to this Nati¬ on, that is never to be neglefted. Heretofore, on the lowermoft Wool-Sack, were placed the Clerk of the Crown, and Clerk of the Parliament; where¬ of the former is concerned in all Writs of Parliament, and Pardons in Parliament; the other Records all things done in Parliament, and keepeth the Records of the fame. This Clerk hath alio Two Clerks under him, who ufed to kneel behind the fame Wool-Sack, and write thereon.' hut now they fit on a Form behind a Table. Without tk Bar of the Lordt Houfe fits the King's firft Gentleman. I’jhtr, called the Black-Rod , from a Black Staff he carries in his Hand ; under whom is a Teoman-V'her, that waits at the Door within, a Cryer without, and a Sergeant at Mote always attending the Lord Chancellor. When the King is prefent with the Crown on his Head, none of the Lords ate covered. The Judges (land til) the King gives them leave to fit. When 1,-6 £I;c herein Estate Part II When the King is abfent, the Lords at their Entrance da Reverence to the Chair of State, as is, or fhouM be doni by all that enter into the King’s Prefestee-Ckamber. ^ The 7 udges then may fit, but may not be cover d, till the Chancellor or Keeper fignifie to them the Leave of tb The King’s Council, uni'Mafters of Chancery fit alfo, but may not be cover’d at all. The Commons in the Houfe fit promifeuoufiy, only tb Speaker hath a Chair placed in the midnle, and the Clerk of that Houfe near him at the Table. They never had any Robes (as the Lords ever had) but wear every one what be fanfieth mod, which to Strangers feems very unbecoming the Gravity and Authority of the Great Council of Ettglni: And during the Attendance on Parliament, a Robe or grave Veftment would as well become the Honourable Mem¬ bers of the Ho life of Commits, as it doth all the ‘Noble Ft- nttirns, both Young and Old, who have a Right to fit in the Great Council at Venice, and as it doth the Senatots of Romo at this Day, ire. The time of fitting in Parliament, is on any Day rn the Morning, or before Dinner, only it hath anciently beta obferved, not to afl'cmble upon fome high Feftiwal Days. When the Day prefixt by the King in his Writs of Sum¬ mons is come, the King ufually cometh in Perfon, with his Crown on his Head, and cloathed with his Royal 1 Robes, declares theCaufe of the Summons in a Ihort Speech leaving the reft to the Lord Chancellor, who then (lands be¬ hind his Majefty ; the Commons in the mean time Handing bare at the Bar of the Lords Houfe, are afterwards in the King’s Name commanded to chufe them a Speaker (which without the King’s Command they may not do) whereup¬ on, they returning to their own Houfe, make choice of on: of their own Members, whom afterwards, upon anothei Day, they prefent to the King; and being approv’d of by his Majefty fitting in his Chair, all his Lords both Spin® and Temporal being in their Robes of Scarlet, he makes i model! Refufal; which not allowed, he petitioneth to Majefty, That the Commons may have during their Sitting, Firft, a free Aceefs tohis Majefty ; Secondly, Freedom oj Splits in their osssn Houfe ; Thirdly, Freedom from Arrefts. Ttof ufed likewife to pray, That they might have folely the privity of punijbing their own Members or other Offenders agaiujl m* Houfe and Privileges. Part II. of ENGLAND. ij7 Before any Affair be mailed with, all the Members of the Hir.fi if Commons take the Oath of Mhgiar.cc aud Supnma- n in the prefence of an Officer appointed by the King ; but lince the late Revolution, they take the New Oaths ap¬ pointed by an Aft of Parliament, r Will, & Mary ; and of late, they are all, after the Choice of a Speaker, to declare their Opinions againft the Doftrine of Tranfdflantiatim, In- wtitim and Miration of Saints, and the Sacrifice of the Mafs, which Tell the Lords alfo are now obliged to take in their Houfe before they can lit'and debate upon any Affair. By tli| old Manufcript, called Modus tenendi Parliamcntum it doth appear, That the Houfe of Commons did anciently (as the Horr/e e/ 1 ‘•Z.oj-e/s at this Day) confift, I. ex procurascriius Clcri ; a. Militihus Comitatnm ; 3. Crater & Burgerflut : To wit, of Clergy-men as well as Lay-men; there fate the Procurator es Clcri, Two for each Diocefs reprefenting all the Clergy-Commons of the Diocefs, as the Knights of the Shire do all the Lay-Commons of the Shire : for it was then judged expedient, that every Free-man of England, as well Clergy as Laity, ibould in palling of Laws touching Property, whereunto they were to be fubjeft, give their Confent perfonally, or immediately by themfelves, or elle tyfome that by their Fleftion, (hould immediately under¬ take for them ; and the Words of the Writ for fiimmon- ingtiie P recur at ores Clcri, as aforefaid, feemto warrant the fame at this day. Belides, it is certain by an ancient Record, That at lealh in 53 Ed. 1. when Writs were lent out for funimoning Knights, Citizens, and Burgelfes, there were at the fame time Writs for fummoning the Deans or Priors of Cathe¬ dral Churches : One Proctor for each Chapter, and Two Ftoflors for the Clergy of each Diocefs, to appear in Par¬ liament, to be held on the Sunday after St. Mdrcro, at Weft- The Power and Privileges of both Houfes of Parliament, are divers and diltinft one from another, The Lor,is Houfe hath a Power, not only in making and repealing Laws, but alfo it 1 u-aBar.do ;j- conflium inpendende, asthe Words of the Writ are ; alfo in judging of Controver¬ ts, judging in the Arraignment of any Peer of the Realm, putting Men to their Oatiis, efpecially in matters of Impoi- tance, as the Coiruption of Judges and Magiflr.ites, in Error, illegal Proceedings in other Courts, in Appeals from De- ij8 fflje gjcfeiit £>tate Part II. The Uris that in their Religion conform not to th: Church of England, no longer fit, nor have Suffrage in ths lords Houfe, by Stas. 30 Car. 2 . All the Lords Spiritual and Temporal have this Privi¬ lege, That if by realon of Sicknefs, or other Bulincfs thty cannot appear, they make their Proxies to vote in theit Read, after Licenfe obtained by a Letter under the King’s Signet, to be excufed for their Abfence j fo that in every Parliament, every Perfon in England, either by himfeif 01 Proxy, or Representative, is faia to be there, and to hast his Suffrage for making ot repealing any Law. * The Commons alfo have a Power in making and repealing Laws, for they alfo have their Negative Voice : and for levying of any Money upon the Subjeff, the Bill begins in the Commons Houje, becaufe from them doth arife tit greater part of Moneys; neither will they allow the Loris to make any Alteration in a Money-bill. The Commons have the Privilege to fupplicate and pin- pofe Laws, to impeach publick Delinquents, cv:n the Higheft Lords of the Kingdom, both Spiritual and Tem¬ poral. The Houfe of Commons is the Grand Inquefi of the Realm, fummoned from all parts to prefent publick Grievances aid Delinquents to the King and Lords, to be redreffed aid punilhed by them ; and to this purpofe the Lords fit intheir Robes on the Bench covered, as Judges do in other Judica¬ tories; they fwer.r and examine Witnefles, and at length pafs Sentence, whilft the Members of the Commons Hits Rand bare at the Bar of the Lords Houfe, produce Witneffts, manage Evidences, ire. Note, That although every Member of the Commons float he chofen to Jerve for one farticular County, City, or Bo¬ rough, yet heferves for the whole Kingdom, and his Vtittr. equal to any other , his Power abfolute to confent or ife without ever acquainting thofe that fent him, or demanding th,’ jiflint, as the States-General of the United Netherlands a t obliged to do in many Cajes, Yet are they to make it their fpecial Care to pronto!: the good of that County, City, or Burrough, for whia they ferve, and from which heretofore they ufually da receive Inftruftions and Direftions concerning their Gut vances, Wants, &c. Part II. of ENGL AND. Ty9 Although the Lords of Parliament are to bear their own Charges, becaule they reprefent there only themfelves; yet all the Commons, 'both Lay and Clergy, that is, Prtatra- arts Chri, are to have rationabilcs Expcnjas, (as the Words of the Writ arc) that, is fuch Allowance as the King confide- ring the prices of all things, lhall judge meet to impofe upon the People to pay ; in the 17 th. of Ed. II. it was Ten Groats for Knights, and Five Groats for Burgefles ; but not long after it was Four Shillings a day for Dubbed Knights, and Two Shillings for all other; which in thofe days, aj appears by the prices of all things, was a confiderable Sum, above Ten times more than it is now; for not only their Expences were conlidered, though that was great, by reafon of the fuitable Attendance that then every Parliament- Man had, but alfo their Pains, their lofs of time, and necef- firy negleft of their own private Affairs for the Service of their Country ; and when the Counties, Cities and Bur¬ roughs, paid fo dear for their Expences, they were wont to take care to chufe fuch Men as were belt able, and mod diligent in the fpeedy difpatch of Affairs ; by which means, with fome others, more Bufinefs in thofe times, was difpatch’d in Parliament in a Week, than is now per¬ haps in Ten : So that the ProteSions for Parliament-Men, and their Servants from Arrefts, were not then grievous’ when fcarce any Parliament or Seflions lafted fo long as One of the Four Terms now at fVejlminficr. The afore-mentioned Expences being duly paid, did caufe all the petty decayed Burroughs of England to be¬ come humble Suiters to the King, that they might not be obliged to fend Burgefles to Parliament; whereby it came to pafs, that divers were unburgefled, as it was in particu¬ lar granted to Chipping, or Markct-Ttrritm, upon their Peti¬ tion j and then the Number of the Cmrnmt Hctife, being fcarce half fo many as at prefenr, their Debates and Balls were fooner expedited. The manner of Debates of palling of Bills and A&s is thus: ’ It is free for any Man of the Parliament, or not of the Parliament, to get a Bill drawn by lome Lawyer, and give thefame to the Speaker or Clerk of the Parliament, to be pre- fented at a time comenient; and this Bill may be put lirff cither in the Lords HmJ'e, or the Commons Houle. Whatever, « ptopofed for a Law, is iirft put in Writing, and called i Part II, in a tu!l Alfembly, it is '-is..-, or elfe allowed to be debated ; and t!i a certain Number of the Houle preh called a Committee. After it hath beer read two lcveral Days in the Houle, that is, Written fair in a Parchment time another day ; and then the Spear^ will have it put to the queftmn, whet! if the Major part be for it, then it is the Clerk, Son bail!! ax: Cm,mums, ot • retaining dill in this, and fome other Laws, the Cuftom of our Anceftors, skill’d in the French Tongue. Note, That when the Speaker finds ,h pn! to the epuejlion, heaves notice the Da he intends to put jach Bills to the pajjiu defines the fpecial Attendance of all the! Notealfo, That if a Bill be rcicCtcd, A Bill fent by the Comnors up to Me Lords, is uiual (to Ihew their RePpeS) attended with Thirty or forty o, the Members of the lloufe : as they come up to the Lora; Bat, the Member that hath the Bill, making three profound Rm- fences, delivered it to the Lord lhanctihr, who, lor Mi purpole comes down to the Bar. „ . ,, A Bill fent by the Lords to tiie Cotmon;, is ufuiljy fintH fome of the Mailers of Chancery, or other Perlon whofc place is on the Wool-Sacks (and by none of the Memben of the Houfe ) and they coming up to the Sps.uer, and bowing Thrice, deliver to him the Bill, after oneot them hath read the Title, and delired it might be tlieK taken into Conftderarion; if afterwards it pals the Houle, t.ianit is written on the Bill, Let Communes on: ajfenjcz. In Me®' ges of great Importance, the Lords make tile of one or two of the Chief Judgesto go to the lloufe of Commons. When any one in the Common; Ho-tjc will fpeakto aim he (lands up uncovered, and dire! Is Ins Speech only to the Speaker ; then if what he delivers be confuteJ_ by ano¬ ther, yet he is not allowed to anl'wer again the lame day. left the whole time fhould be 1'pent by two talkative let* fons. Alfo if a Bill be debated in the Houfe, no Man may fpeak to it in one day above once, unlefs the whole Hoiw Part II. of ENGL AND. i6t be turned into a Commit tie, and then ever)’ Member may tepl)' as oft as he judges it expedient. If any one in either Houfefpeaks Words of Offence to the King’s Majefty, or to the Houle, he is called to the Bar, tvhere commonly on his Knees he receives a Reprimand from the Speaker, and asking Pardon of the Houfe he returns to his place, but if the Offence be Very great, he is fenc to the Tower. Tire speaker is not allowed to perfrvade or dilTwade in palling Of a Bill, but only to make a fhort and plain Narra¬ tive ; nor Vote, except the Houfe be equally divided- After Dinnerthe Parliament ordinarily affembles not, the’ many times they continue fitting long in the Afternoon, and fometimes after Candle-light. Cimmitteei lit after Dinner, where it is allowed tofpeak and reply as oft as they pleafe. In the Lord: Houfe they give their Suffrages, or Votes, be- giningat the Puifiie, or lowed Baron, and fo the reft Seriatim, every one anfwering apart, [Centtut, or Hit Content.] Buc in this Houfe if the Affirmatives and Negatives are equal, Imptr prtefumitur pro Htgante, the Speaker being not allowed a calling Voice. In the Houfe of Comment, they Vote by Yea's and Ho'i al¬ together ; and if it be doubtful , whether is the greater Number, then the Houfe divides, and the Tea's are to go forth, and the He's are to fit Hill (becaufe thefe are content with their prefent condition, without any fuch addition or alteration of Laws, as the other defire) and fome are appointed to number them: But as a Committee, though ic be of the whole Houfe, as is oftentimes, the Yea's go on one fide, and the He’s on the other, whereby they may be difeerned. Il a Bill pafs in one Houfe, and being fent to the ether Houfe, they demurr upon it, then a Conference is demand¬ 'd in tile Painted Chamber, where certain deputed. Members of each Houfe meet, the Lords fitting covered at a Table, die Commons (landing bare with great Refpeft, where the Bufinefs is debated ; if they then agree not, that Bufinefs b nulled ; but if they agree, then it is at lafl brought (with all other Bills which have parted in both Houfes) to die King, who comes again with his Crown on his Head, end clothed with his Royal Robes, and being fated in hit Chair of State, and all the Lords in their Robes, the M Clerk i6z SEljc P’Cfent £>t.itc Part II. Clerk of the Crown reads the Title of each Bill, and as lie leads, the Clerk of the Parliament, according to his Inftru- flions from the King, who before hath maturely confide- red each Bill, pronounceth the Royal Afient. If it be a publick Bill, the Anfsver is, Le Roy L-vent) which gives Life and Birth to that Bill that was before but an Embrii. If a private Bill, the Anfwer is, (Soil fait amine ihfl diftrt. If it be a Bill, which the King likes not, then the An¬ fwer is, Lc Rif s’avifera) which is taken for. an abfo- lute denial in a more civil way, and that Bill is wholly nulled. „ . „ v Note, That th: King without his Pcrfoxal Prefixes, can, if Commtffun granted to jtme of his Nobles, give his Royal A( to my mil that requires kajle. If it be a Bill for Moneys given to his Majefly, then the Anfwer is, Le Roy rcmcrcie fes loyaux Sujits, accepte !tur Bt- nevohxce, & attffs !e veut.) ■ The Bill for the King’s General Pardon, hath but one Reading in either Houfe, for this Reafon, becaufe they mull take it, as the King will pleafe to give it, When the Bill for the General Pardon is palled by the King, the Anfwer is thus, (Let Prtlats Seigneurs & Communes ex ce Parlctm! uffcmlle nm dc tom vos autres Su Majefle & prient Diet! vie & lotige. All Alls of Parliament before the Reign of Henry the Seventh, were pafled and enrolled in French , now in Englijh. Moll of our ancient Afts of Parliament run in this Stile: Ties King at the humble Rcquejl of the Commons, with the Jffa; of the Prelates, Dukes, Earls and Barons, hath ordained, or Em- cUd. After, it was thus; the King by the Mvice and df- Jcnt of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and with the dffent 1/ the Commons, doth Enabl. Of later times it hath been thus: Be it Enacltd by the Kings mofl Excellent Majefly, by, and with ' the Mvice and Confent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and of the Comment : Although the Words of the Writ for fura- moning the Commons, is only ad Cenjcnttendum, and not ti Concilium impendendum, as it is in the Writ of the Lords; and it is evident that the Commons, in the late Long Parlia¬ ment, made an Advantage of that for juftifying their Ufiit- potions againft King Charles the Martyr. When p,rt.ir. cf ENGLAND. i;6 When thofe tilings, for wliicli the Parliament was fum- moned, have been fulliciently treated and brnught to a con- tluiion, then the King doth ulually Adjourn, Prorogue, or Dillblve the Parliament in manner following. The stapunments are ulually made in the Lords Hcufc by the Lord Chancellor in the Kings ;Vj one, ro wlnr other day the King plealeth , and allb to what other place, if he think lit to remove them, as foincrimes hath been done, and then all things already debated and read, in one or both Houfes, continue to the next meeting in the lame flare they were in before the Adjournment, and lb may be relumed. In the like manner the Parliament is Prorogued; but by a Prorogation there is a hellion ended, and then the Pills that were almolt ready in both Houles for rite Royal Affent, not having ir, mud, at the re-alfembling of the Parliament, begin a new. The Speaker of the Kenfe if Commas, upon Notice given, Thit it is the King’s Pleafure tli'it Houle lhall all'o Adjnu, doth fay, with the Allent of the Houle, 'Ibis Houfc is M- jimitti. When the King’s Pleafure is to Prorogue or Defe've the Parliament, His Majedy commonly comech in Perlbn with his Crown on his Head, lendeth the Black Rc.t tor all the Ifoifc of Can:,nous, to come to the Bar of the Loris Hoofs, and afrer the King’s Anfwer to each Bill lignified, as afore¬ mentioned, his Majedy ulually makes a folcmn Speech, the Lord Chancellor another, and the Speaker of the Houfe of Cmmms a Third Then the Lord Chancellor, by the lpecial Command of the King, doth pronounce the Parliament JVr- sogicd Or Dijjohed. ■ Note, Thai the King Icing Head of the Parliament, if his death doth happen during the fitting of the Parliam-.nt, it is, ipl'ofafto, Dijjohed. But co prevent Tumults and Confu- lions, it has been of late expredy provided by a folcmn Ail. King, fail eentinue for keeping the Peace, and ptefervir.g she Suteipn. Anciently, afrer every Seffmt of Parliament, the King commanded every Sheriff to proclaim the i’everal Ails, and to caul'e them to be duly oblcrved ; yet without that Pro¬ clamation, the Law intended that every one hath notice hy his Reprelenwtive, of wlut is tranlkted in Parliament : M * Cf 164 ffljc Relent &tatc Part II. Of latter times, fince Printing became common, that Cu- ftom hath been laid alide. . Note, That tin Sovereign s Atlent is never prayed b> ta Lords, hut aheap by thi Houfe ot Commons, by the Slnti- tf thtir Speaker. Of Temporal Peers of England there are at prefent 1C4; who, with the 2 Archbifhops and 24 bilhops, make mail 130 Lords of Parliament. [ jP-umfcrr. ] Dukes and DtitchefTes—— -— ' 15 Earls and CounteHes«.^— —-- Barons and Baronelles— - - “^7 In all Belides Peercfles by Marriage: Whereas within Eighty Years lad pad there was notOns Duke, and but one Marquifs, with about Nineteen Earls, Three or Lour Yifcounts. and Iorty Barons. Thefe Great Officers following, in relpeft of their Of¬ fices, have Precedence before all Dukes not of the Blood- Royal, except Prince Geerge of Denmark, who takes place by a fpecial Aft of Parliament. The Lord Ckancilhr, or Lord Keeper of tire Great Seal The Lor,I Treafarer. The Lord Prejidcnt of the King’s Ctnmetl. The Lord Privy-Scat. Thefe other great Officers take place alfo, in refpeft of their Offices, above all others of the lame degree that they fliall happen to be of. The Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Lord High CinJIable. The Earl Marjhal of England. The Lord admiral of England. The Lord Steward of the King’s Elouftold. The Lord Chamberlainol the King’s Houlhold. Note Part II. of E N G L A N D. 1 6$ More alfo. That the King’s Chief Secretary of Stitt, be¬ ing of the Degree of a liaron of Parliament, Ihill precede all Bmnt, not having any of the Paid Offices; and if he he a iSj'/l’c’, take place of all other Bijhipt, not having the Office. CHAP. XV. Of Tarticular Govtrnmtnts, anti ftrft of the Eccleftajli- cd, Civil anti Military Government of the Kings Hwfhdd. F O R the Ecclefiaffical Government of the King’s Court, there is firll a Dem of theChappcl-Royal, who is ufually fome grave, learned Prelate, chofen by die King, and who, as Dean, acknowledged! no Superior but the King ; for as the King’s Palace is exempt from all inferiour Temporal Ju- rifdiftion, fo is his Chappel from all Spiritual; it is called CafcSa Dominiea, the Domain Chappel ; is not within theju- flliliction or Diocefs of any Bilhop, but as a Regal Peculiar exempt and referved to the Vilitation and immediate Go¬ vernment of the King, who is Supreme Ordinary as it were, over all England. By the Dean are chofen all other Officers of the Chappel, cat. a Sub-Dean, or Presenter Captlle ; Thirty two Gentle¬ men of the Chappel, whereof Twelve are Priefis, and one of them is Confelfor to the King’s Houihold, wltcfe Office is to read Prayers every Morning to the Family, to vilitthe Sick, to examine and prepare Communicants, to inform fuch as defire advice in any cafe of Confidence, or point of Religion, &c. The other Twenty Gentlemen,commonly called the Clerks of the Chappel, are with the aforefaid Priefts to perform in the Chappel the Office of Divine Service, in Praying, Sing¬ ing, (ye One of thefe being well skilled in Mulick, is chofen Mailer of the Children, whereof there are Twelve iq Ordinary, to inihuft them in the Rules and Art of Mu¬ lick, for the Service of the Chappel. Three other of the fid Clerks are chofen to be Organifls, to whom ate joyn'd upon Sundays, Collar-days, and other Holy-days, a Confort i<56 Eflic pjtfti't State of the King’s Muiick, to make the Ch.'.ppcl P.irt II. Muiick more his n i n Online working Dayse :r Olncers. called Virgm, from their lLnds, being a Urgtrnt, if the Chappel. ire every day Prayer, are read, ihip perforin .1 with great De-‘ , and ihnirld be a Pattern to all ;ls of (.upland. nir. are Oratory, where Tome of ire to read Divine Service to the y Morning and every livening, 'he who difpofeth of the King’s :ivc^ (bolides other Moneys, ah lath the Privilege to give the The U Ahns,' and for that ulc rcc lowed by the King,! all D ; be that way dil'poled. Moreover, the UrAAhn... . .... ... Kino'S Dillr to whatloever noor Man he pleafes^ that is, the firlt Drlh at Dinner, which is let upon the King’s Table, ot inilead thereof 4 A per AUm, (which ancienrfy was equiva¬ lent to 4 1. now) next he diftributes to Twenty four poor Men, nominated by the Parilhioners of the Parilh adjacent to the King’s Place of Kefidence, to each of them ifd. irj Money, a Two-penny Loaf and a Gallon of Beer, or in- Head thereof, 3 A. in Money, equally to be divided among them every Morning at Seven of the Clock at the Court Gate ; and every poor Man before he receives the Almsi is to repeat the Creed and the Lords Prayer in the prel'enct of one of the King’s Chaplains, deputed by the LeriAimr iter to be his Sub-Almmr, who alfo is to fcatter new coin’d Two-pences in the Towns and Places where the King pal- feth through in his Progrefs, to a certain Sum by the Year. Baiides,there are many poor PenLoners to the King and Queen btlosv Stairs; that is, fuch as are put to Penfron, either be- caufe they are fo Old, that they are unlit for Service, or elfe the Widows of fuch of iris Majeily’s Houlhold Ser¬ vants that died poor, and were not able ro provide for their Wives and Children in their Life-times: every one of thefe hath a Competency duly paid unto them. ■file prefent Ltrd Almmr is the Right Reverend Father in God M'illim Lord Brlhop of Wcrcefier, Part IF. of ENGLAND. 167 Ceremony on tpauntm^ljurfoap. Moreover, the Court is an eminent Pattern cfChaiiry snd Humility to all that ilia!! the the performance of that ancient Cuftim by the King and the Queen, on the Vsurjdaj before Eajhr, called M-l^, fo called from the DaB.Vml, in Latin afirtula, when the King or his U,:i fit ft wallieth the feet of as many poor Men as are the years his Majefty hath reigned, and then wipes them with a Towel, (according to the Pattern of our Saviour) and then gives to every one of them two lr ardv and a half of Woollen Cloth to make a Sute of Clothes, and Linnen Cloth for two Shirts, and a pair of Stockings, and a pair of Sliooes, three Dirties of 1'ilh in woodden Platters, one of Salt Salmon, a fecond of Green Filh, or Cod, a third of Pickle-Herrings, Red-Herrings, and Red Sprats, a Gal¬ lon of Beer, a Quart Pottle of Wine, and Six penny Loves of Bread j. alfo a Red Leather Purfe, and as many lingle Pence as the King is Years old, and in fuch another Purfe as many Shillings as the King hath reigned Years. The Queen Confort alfo doth the like to divers poor Women. In Frame, the Aumifnier is principal of all Ecdeliafticks of the Court, and all Officers of the King’s Cluppel; he received) their Oaths of Allegiance, and hiinfelf fwears on¬ ly to the King for that Office ; he hath the Di I volition of all llofpitals, the charge for delivering Prifoners, pardoned by the King at his coming to the Crown, or at his Corona, tion, or firft entrance into any of his Cities- Under the Lord High Almoner, there is a Sd-Ahmr.cr, a toni, and two Groms of the Almonry Balides all thefe, the King hath a Clerk of the C lojtt, or Co.nfcllor to his Majefty, who is commonly fome Reverend, Drfcreet Divine, extraordinarily efteemed by his Majefty, whole Office is to attend at the King’s Right Hand du¬ ring Divine Service, to rcfolve all Doubts concerning Spiritual Matters, to wait on his Majefty in his private Oratory or Clofer, &c. £l)iplutl0.] The King hath alfo a3 Chaplains in Or¬ dinary, who are ufually eminent Djftors in Divinity, whereof four every Month wait at Court, to preach in the Chapels on Sundays, and other Feftivals before the King, M4 and 168 ffi&e pjclent §Mtc Part II. and in the Morning early on Sundays before the Houfhold, to read Divine Service before the King, out of Chappel dai. !y (as aforementioned) twice in the King’s private Oratory, to give Thanks at the Table in the Cierk of the Clolet’j abfence, &e. In the time of Lent, according to antient laudable Cu- Horn, the Divine Service and Preaching is performed ini more folcmn manner. Jlcnt^ErmOlW.] Anciently in Court there were Ser¬ mons in Lint only, and that in the Afternoon, in the open Air, and then only by Bilhops, Deans, and principal pre¬ bendaries. Tha Lnl Preachers are appointed by the Arch- bifliop of Canterbury: On the. firfl Wedmfday, ailed 4I vednejday, in the Morning, begins the Dear, of the Chip. ptl to preach, on each Wtdntfiay after, one of his Majefty's more eloquent Chaplains, every Friday the Dean of fome Ca¬ thedral or Collegiate Church: On the laft Friday, called Gad Friday, is alwaysto preach the Dean of Wefiminjjcr j on every Sunday in Lent fome Bifliop preacheth; and on the laft Sunday of Lent, called Paim-Sunday, is to preach an Arils, bijhop, and upon Eafter-day, the Lord iligls-Almoner. <3,0llar«©apjB.] Twelve Days in the Year, being high and principal peftivals, his Majefly after Divine Service, attended with his principal Nobility, adorned with their Collars of the Carter, together with the Heralds, in their rich Coats, in a grave folemn manner at the Altar, offers a Sum of Gold to God, in jlgnum fptcialis Dotninii, that by , his Grace he is King, and holdeth all of him. All Offerings made at the Holy Altar by the King and Queen, didancientlybelongtothe Difpofal of the Archbi- fliop of Canterbury, if his Grace were prefent, wherefoever the Court was; but now to the Dean of the Chappel, to be diffributed amongft the Poor. Thofe twelve Days are, Chrijlmas, Eafler, Witfunday, and All-Saints, called Hotsjhold-days, upon which the Bijant or Gold to be offer’d, is deliver’d to the King by the Lord Stew¬ ard, or fome other of the principal Officers: then New-ycarr day, Tailftk-day, upon the latter of which, Gold, Frauki/tctitft, and Myrrh, in (everal Purfes, are offer’d by the King. Laft- ly, Candlemas, Annunciation, Afcenfat, Trinity-Sunday, Stjeha BaptiJI, and ' Michadtnas-day ; when only Gold is offer’d. Upon Chrijlmas, Eaftr, and IVkitfunday, his Majefly ufually receives the Holy Sacrament, none but two or three of the prin- Part II. of ENGLAND. 169 principal Bilhops, and fome of the Royal Family commu¬ nicating with him. The Gold offer’d by the King at the Altar when he re¬ ceives the Sacrament, and upon high Fcffivals. is ftill called the Byzantine, which anciently was a Piece of Gold, coin’d by the Emperors of Conjlamimple, in Latin, Byzantium That which was ufed by King 711Enormities, a sTreafons, Mttrthers, Felonies, Bloodjhcdt, com¬ mitted in the Court, or within the Verge, which is every wav whin twelve Miles of the chief Tunnel of the Court, (only London by Charter is exempted) for the Law having an high Effieem of the Dignity of the King’s fetled Manfm - wife, laid out fuch a Plot of Ground about his Houfe (as a Bent pat or Foot Carpet, fpread about the King’s Chair of hnte, that ought to be more clear’d and void than other placesj 1 7 o £ljc pjrfrnt fetatc Part II, places) to be fubjeft to a Ipecial exempteJ Jurifdiftion J c . pending on the King’s 1’crl'on, and great Officers, that fo where the King conies, there fliould come with him Pmn and Order, and an Awfuhiefs and Reverence in Mens Hearts; belides, it would have been a kind of Iicliplingof the King’s Honour, that where the King was, any Jv.fUti fliould be fought, but immediately from the King’s own Officers ; and therefore from very ancient time,, the Jurif- drftion of the I'ergc hath been executed by the Lord Stas- ard, with great Ceremony, in the nature of a Peculiar Kings. Bench, and that not only within, but without the King’s Dominions: For fo it is rec.orded, that one Englcam of M. gm in Frame, for dealing Silver Diflies out of the Houfeof Edvard the bird, King of England, then it Parse, (after the Matter had been debated in the Council of the King of France, touching the Jurifdiftion ; and order’d, That tilt King of England fliould enjoy this Kir:/, p .relative of his Houlhold) was condemned by Sir lUe.it F.tz-’John, then Steward to the King of England, and hang d in St. Gerimtt- FUtts- Note, That to the Lord Steward belongs at the beginning of Parliaments to attend the King’s Perfon, and to minifter the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy to all the leveral Mem¬ bers of the Hcufe of Cemtmns, and at the end of Parliament! to ad juft the Parliamentary Expenses, See. The Lord Steward is a Whitc-StafOfficer, for he in the King’s Prefence carrieth a White Staff ; and at other times going abroad, it is carried by a Footman bare-headed. This Whitc-Sta f is taken for a Commiflion: At the Death of the King, over the Hearfe made for the King’s Body, he breaketh this Staff, and thereby difehargeth all the Officers. JLo^D Chamberlain.] The next Officer is the Lord Chair berlant, who hath the ovorfight of all Officers belonging to the King’s Chamber, except the Precinft of the King’s Bed- Chamber, which is wholly under the Groom of the Stole; and all above Suits, w.ho are all fworn by him (or his Wat* rant to the G:nthvwi‘tyhcrs) to the King. He hath alfotne Overlight of the Officers of the Ward-robe, at all his Ma|e- fty’s Houles, and of the removing Wardrobes, or of Beds, ot the T.nts, Revels, Mujisk, Comedians, Hunting, and of the MJ; fengers, of the Trumpeters, Drummers, of all Handicrafts and Arsefans retained in the King’s Service. Mote- rtIL of ENGL AND. , ?r Moreover, lie hath the Ovcrfishc of the Sergeant: at Arms all Ply iciam , ApttMcar.tt, Cbtnrgms, Barbers, Sec. To n alfo belonged] the Overlight of the Chaplains, though nfelf be 'i Layman ; contrary in this particular to the ;ient Cuftom of Eng!ami, and modern Cutlom of all o- :r kingdoms, where Lcclefiafticks are never under the lering of Laymm, Alfo the Charges of Cmnatim, Marriages, Entries C t u hJet funerals, &c. Of all furniture in the Parliament! d in the Rooms of AtKlrcfs to theKin^ &c f alltr Of tlje ipo^fe.J The Third G^eac Officer of the eg s Court, ,, the Majnr of the Harjt, anciently call’d Cmts hh, or Cmjtabk, to whom a higher Imployment and ThisGre .r Officer hath now the ordering and difpofal of the King s Stables, and Races, or Breed ofHorfes, and I heretofore, of all the Polls of England. He hath alfothe ivernt EJcuncs and Pages; over the Faatmen, Crams Ri. sef the Great Harfes. harriers, Smiths, Caackmen, Sadlers, i all other Trades working to the King’s Stables ; to all iom he for by his Warrant the Avener) giveth an Oath be true and faithful. II hath the Charge of all Lands and Revenues appointed '.pc king s Br,ed of Harfes, and for Charge of the Stable 1 lor Liturs, Caaches, Smnpter-Harfes, Sec■ ’ He only hath the Privilcdge to make We of any Harfes pr Laptmen, belonging to the King’s Stables. ' KW)'iik,miCavaiade, he rides next behind the Kin?, 1 \■ P :r Anmm - ih Kings Officers ami Servants hi Ordinary above Stairs. T HE Lord Chamberlain, whofe Salary is 100/. Bears, mages 1100 l. per rlnnuw. The Pice-Chamberlain, whofe Salary is 66 1. 13 s. 4 i Beard-mares 492 l rj-r. Cupbearers 3. Their Salaries 33 /. 6 s. 8 d. each p C™vcrs4. Their Salaries ])l.6s.8d. each fir Jam Sewers 3. Their Salaries 33 /- 6 s. 8 d . each per Harm. Efquires of the Body 2. Their Salaries 33/. 6 s. U each perJimiim. Whofe Office is to guard the King’s Perfon by Night, to fet the Watch, and to give the Word, and to keep good order in the whole Houfeby Night ; as the Lord Cham krlain, and his other Qrficers are to do by Day. There are Forty Eight Gentlemen of his Majefly’s moJ Honourable I’rirjy-Chambcr in Ordinary ; of whom theft things are worthy to be noted : 1. They are to be Perfons of Birth and Parts. They have formerly had a Salary ; but of late none demands it, ferving for iheHonour of the Place. 3. Their number is Forty Eight, of which Twelve an tobe in waiting, and reliev’d every Quarter; Twoofthetn lying every Nightin the PnvyChamkr. 4. Their Privileges are great in all Places. They were firfteftablifhed by King Henry the feventh, aw fo continued fuccelfively in every King and Queens Reign lincetThey have always place at Publick Solemnities andli- valcades. At every Coronation,two of them perfonates the Dukes of Jynltain and Hamandy in Ducal Robes, And whenever the King fits on the Throne in the Houle# Lords, fix of thel'e Gentlemen kneel on the Steps of* Throne. Thi ’ part II. of E N G L A N D- 17; They are to attend his Majefty whcre-cvcr he walks or iiJe.1, l'urrounding him as a Guard, as wellas accompany-- in«liinij and no l’erfon, not privileg’d by his immediate waiting, ought to come near the King’s Perfon, except Pri- ■) ComteSort, without Leave ; for which they are to addrefs to any one of the Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber, who {peaks to the Lord Chamberlain or Fice-Chamkrlain, to ask the King leave for the Party ; then the Gentlemen of the PruyChambtr brings the Party to the Lord Chamberlain , who prefents him to the King. But in the Abfence of the Lord Chamberlain and Pice- Clin.berl.nn,the Gentlemen of the Prissy-Chamber reprefeqc either of them, and do all that belongs to them, and have ‘ place in the King’s Barge acqndingly. j. The Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber execute the I King’s Orders without any written Orders j and their f’er- t Tons are fufficient Warrants: For Example : In King Henry the Eighth’s time, Cardinal Wooljiey was ar- leded for High Treafon by a Gentleman of the Privy-Cham¬ ber without any written Order: The Cardinal obey’d, fay¬ ing, His Pcrftm was a fufficient Warrant, after the faid Cardi¬ nal had refus’d to fubmit to the Acred by a Great Lord, and an Order in Writing. King Tames the Firft fent a Privy-Cemtfellor with a written Order, lign’d and feal’d with the King’s own Seal, alfo a Ring from the King’s Finger, commanding the Lord Chan- ttStr to_ deliver the 'Broad-Seal of England to that Noble Lord to carry to the King. ButtlieKing fent a Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber hafti- ly to follow that Lord, forefeeing what would happen. This Gentleman coming to the Lord Chanceilcr, told him,. II i cam from the King, to (jww if hit Urdfhip had deliver d ike Irud-Sial to that Lord, on fuch Orders and Tokens as above. The Lord Chancellor made Anfwer, Ho ; nor cotdd he with hjit) ok) ; 1,11 he would carry it himfelf to the King : Tile Gentleman of the Prisy-Ch.vnbcr then ufed tilefe \V ords: My Lord Chancellor / command your Ltrdjhip in the Kir.gr Sme, to deliver the Brood-Seal of England unto one. It carrt it tk li. ng. The Li rd Chancellor ask’d him who lie was ? He an- fcred ,A tinthvtan of his Mayfly's tatfs y Mm ,ahk Privy- ^ The Lord Ci.ancel’or faid, Sir, year Perjon is a fr.ff.tieni Hiviy;;:. ,nd 1 they. x And 176 JlJjc ^cfcnt gMte Part II And his Lordlhip deliver’d him the Bread-Seal, taking the Company to witnefs, that he had obey’d and done In Duty, &c. 6. Out of this Society are fometrmcs cliofen Eir.yi p Foreign Princes ; and lix of tllel'e accompany the Malta of the Ceremonies to receive all Ambaflidors from Croun'J Heads. 7. Thefe Gentlemen ferving at their own Charges, ae gratify’dby Marks of the King's Favour, as Oppoitunirj offers. Gentlemen-Ufhers of the Privy-Chamber are 4. Their St lary, 30/. Board-wages 50 /. each per Annum, In the Prifcnci Chamber, Gentlemen-Uhert, daily Waiters inOrdinary are four- j whereof the firfi: hath that confilera- ble Office of Black-Red-, and in time of Parliament is re attend every Day the Lords Houfe, and is alfo t//bfr ofthe mold Noble Order of the Garter. In the Houfe of Lords he hath a Seat within the Bar ; and when the King skill command the Houfe of Commons to attend him in the Houfe of Lords, he always fends the Black-Red, who is fa call’d from a Black Stag' which he bears in his Hand. Tc his Cuflody alfo are Delinquents committed by the Lords, and he is employ’d in fitting up the Lord’s Houle, befc the fitting of Parliament, and afterward, for introducin’ Lords into that Houfe. There are four Gcntlemen-Vjhirs daily Waiters. Their Salaries, each 130/ fir Annum. One Affiftant. One Chamber-keeper. Their Sal. each to I. ptr Annan. Their Office is to wait in the Prejencc-Cbamkr, and to it- tend nextthe King's Pardon; and after the Lord Cliaink- lain, and the Vice-Chamberlain, to ordain all Affairs; aai all Under-Officers above Stairs are to obey thefe. Next are Genlleman-Ujkrt, Quartet-Waiters in Ordinal;, in number eight. Their Sal. each 40 l- per Annum. Thele wait alfo in the Prefeme-Chamber, and are to gin Dire&ions in the Abfence of the Gcntlemen-Vjkrt daily Waiters, to the Grooms and Pages, and Other Under-Oh ficers, who are to attend in all Offices, nexc below the Gentlemtn-Uihen, Quarter-Waiters. Grown; of the Privy-Chamber are four. Their Sal. a 3 • Board-wages 5 3 /. per Annum each. Thi Part II. of ENGL AND. I77 The Pages of the Prefence-Cbamber are Four. Their Sal. :/. Board-wages 53 /. per Annum each. There are Fourteen Groms of the Great Chamber , or Mef- fergers. Their Sal. 40 /• per Annum each- Sewers of the Chamber Eight, S'aiary 11/. 8 s. ; J. Boord-wagcs 27 l. 1 s. 6 d. cadi per annum. Coffer-hearers Two. Gentlemen of the Bid-Chamber are Eleven; whereof the firll is Groom of the Stole, that is (according to the Significa¬ tion of the Word in Gntk, from whence the Lathis, and thence the Italian and French derive it) Groom or Servant of th tlwg Rob'- or Hjlment ; behaving the Office and Honour to prefent and put on his Majelty’s firit Garment or Siiirt every Morning, and to order the things of the Bed-Cham¬ ber. His Salary 966 /. 13 s. 4 d. The Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber confril ufualiy of the Prime Nobility of England, whofe Office in general is, each one in his turn, to wait one Week in the King’s Bed-Cham¬ ber, there to lie by the King on a Pallet-Bed all Night, and in the abfenceofthe Groom of the Stole, to fupply his Place. Moreover, they wait upon the King when he ears in pri¬ vate ; for then the Cup-bearers, Carvers and Sewers do not wait. Their Salary is 966 /. r ; /. 4 ci. per Annum, each Grooms of the Bed-Chamber Nine. Their Salaries ;co l. per Annum each. Pages of the Back StairsSix. Their Salaries : /. 13 s. 4 d, Board-Wages 77 I. 6 s. 8 d. per Annum each. King’s Barbers Two. Sal. 20 l. Board-wages 180I. per Mailer of the Great Wardrobe. Sal. 2000 /. per An. His Deputy. Sal. 200/. per jin. The’Clerk. Sal. 300/. per An. Nest is the Mailer of the Robes, whofe Office is to order di his Me jelly’s Robes ; as thole of his Coronation, of k. Georges Feail, and of Parliament alfo, of all his Ma- jefty’s wearing Apparel, of his Collar of SS’s, George and 'Saner, befet with Diamonds and Pearls.. His Salary is The King hath (befides the great Wardrobe) divers iland- ing Wardrobes at Whitehall, Renjtngton, Wind;or, Mamptes.- burt, the 7 h»fr of London, Greenwich , &c. whereof theie divers Officers. N I? 8 ffilje JDjcfent State Part II. Note That tht removing Wardrobe, which always attends u> in the Perfon of the King, .%«». and the Children, attends all, upon Amlaffadors, upon Chriflnings, hlafqncs Plays &c i, at the Command of the Lord Chamberlain, who hath the (%■ line of vacant Places : Here arc Six Officers. One Yeoman of the Removing Wardrobe. Sal. a:o /. fir A To Grooms of the Wardrobe, each 130 /. per An. Three Pages of the Wardrobe, each 100/. per An. The Salary of the Yeomen was 100/. of each Groom loo/, and of each Page 100 Marks : To all thefe together were al¬ lowed Six Dilhes each Meal. All Moveables belonging to this Wardrobe are at length divided into three parts; whereof the Yeoman hath one for his own ufe, the Giooms another, and the Pages the third part. . Keeper of the private Armory, whore Salary is 131. 61. 8 d. Board-wages 26 /. 13 j. 4 A per An. , Surveyor of the Chamber and Dreller, at 111. 8 s. to. 1 'Houfe-keeper at White-Hall. Board-wages 5 s. a Day while the Court refides there. At Kenfington, Board-wages the fame. Theater-Keeper at White-Hit, Sal. 30 {■ t* dhs. Two Gallery-Keepers, 3 s. each per Diem. Under the Mailer of the Robes, is, Clerk of the Robes and Wardrobes, Sal. 1601. per An. One Yeoman, Sal. 95 /. Three Grpoms, each at 77 /. 6 s. 8 d. per An. One Page, at 18 /. per An. One Brulher, at 40 /. per An. One Semftrefs, at 200 l. per An. Body Laundrefs, Sal. 10 /. Board-wages 199 1. per An- Starcher, at aoo I. per An. Keeper of the Wardrobe at White-Hall, at 7 s. a day. Keeper of the Handing Wardrobe at Kenfington ; at 7 >■ * *Neciflary Woman ; at 60 /.per An. Trealurer of the Chamber. Sal. 314/. is. ^d. Comptroller of the Chamber. Sal. 150 1. per An. Auditor of the Chamber. Mi- part. II. ctfENGLAND. 1?9 Mailer of the Jewel-Hoyfe, Board-wages 400 /. per An. Other Officers, Four. (Jal&r Of tijE CrrrmoniEjB.] The Office of Mailer of the Ceremonies was inllituted by King lama the Firll, for the more Honourable Reception of AmbalTadors and Strangers of Quality, notv held by Sir Charles Cottcrel, Knight i whole Father, Sir Charles Cotterel, executed the fame in the time of King Charles the Firll, during the Civil Wars : In conlideration whereof, and of his having followed King Charles II his Fortune abroad, till his hap¬ py Rellanration, he was pleafed as a Mark of his Favour, and of the faid Office, to put about his Neck (the day be¬ fore his Coronation,) a Chain of Gold with a Medal, ha¬ ving on the one fide under the Crown of England, an Em¬ blem of 1 ’eace, with King 'James's Motto, Beat: Pacific's ; and on the other an Emblem of War, with Dim (j- Mon Brest ; which Mark is to continue to his SuccelTors; His Salary is a00 /. per Annum. ®)E efffittant anD rjpatfljal.] The Affidant and Mar- fhal of the Ceremonies is his Officer, for the more eafie per¬ formance of the faid Services, and is to aft nothing but by hisDireftions : His Salary is tool per Annum. l&cralDjff.] Amongll his Majefty’s Servants in Ordinary are to be reckoned. Three Kings of Arms. Six Heralds, or Dukes of Arms. Sal. aS/. 13 s. 4 i. px M. each. Four Purfuivants. Sal. ao /. each per An. Nine Sergeants at Arms. Sal. too /. each per An. See more concerning thefe in the College of Heralds in' the Supplement about the City of London. Groom-Porter. Sal. 1/. 13;. 41 i. Board-wages 117 /. i; S. ptr All. The Office of Groom-Porter, is to lee the King’s Lodg¬ ing furnilhed with Tables, Chairs, Stools, Firing ; to pro¬ vide Cards, Dice, &c ■ to decide Deputes ariling at Cards, Dice, Bowlings, &c. Mailer of the Revels. His Sal. so), ptr An. Whofe Of¬ fice is to order all things concerning Comedies and Mafques at Court. His Yeoman. Sal. 4 61. rr s. .8 d. ptr An. Knight*Harbinger. Sal. iool. fir An. Gentle- Part II 180 Eic JDjcfetit £>tate Gentlemen-Harbingers, Two. Sal. s° 1 f f r Ain. Meflengers in Ordinary, Forty. Sal. 49 /. 7 s. 6 d. each per An. Clerks of the Check, Two. Meflenger to the Prefs. Sal. 50 I. per An. Muficians in Ordinary, Four and Twenty: The Mallet’s Salary is aoo /. per Annum ; the reft 40/. each. Matter Fmdctner. His Sal. r5oo l. per An. Sergeant of theHawks. Sahj ^61. per An. Mailer of the Hart and Buck-hounds; who for hrmfelf and Huntfinenis allowed 1341 1. per An. Lord Chief Juftice in Eyre. Forefter. Mailer of the Harriers. Mailer of the Beagles, One. Keeper of Audley-tnd Park, One. Ranger of St. Jmet s Park, One. Ranger of Hide Park, One. Mailer of the Tennii-Cm-t, One. Mallet of the Barges, One. Sal. so/. Pkilitiani in Ordinary to his Majefty’s Perfon, Five: The Salary of theTwofirftis 400/. per An. Board-wager 10 s. a day. The other Three have each 300 I. per An. Phyjician to the Houfhold, One. Sal. aoo /. Apothecaries, Two. Sal. 500!. Board-wages 127 I. rj r. Apothecary to the Houlhold, One. Sal. 500 /. Chirurgeons Three. Sergeant Chirurgeon. Sal. 335 /. Board-wages 140/. fir Atman. Second Chirurgeon. Sal. 300/. Board-wages 127 1. 1; * Chirurgeon of the Houlhold. Sal. 280 1. Board-wags loo /. per An. Alfo amongft his Majefty’s Servants in Ordinary reckoned. Principal Painter. Sal. 100/ pir An. One Poet Laureat, 200 1. per An. One Hydrographer. O ne Library-Keeper, 200 /. per An. OneCofinographer. One Geographer. 0n: Part II. of ENGLAND. One Publick Notary. Houfe-keeper of the Palace at Wcfiminticr. Yeoman-Ufher of the Houfe of Peers. Wardrobe-keeper at Hampten-Cturt. Houfe-keeper at Richmond. Chief Gardiner. Gardiner at H/implm-Cmirt. Other Gardiners, Eight. Houfe-keeper at Audkyend. Houfe-keeper at Windfor-Caftle. Keeper of the Handing Wardrobe at WMfor. Wardrobe-keeper at Greenwich. . Officers of the Works. Surveyor-General. His Salary 80 1. per An. One Mailer of the Mechanicks. Comptroller. Pay-mafter. His Deputy. Clerks of the Works Seven. At White-Hall One. At Greenwich One. At Windjer One. At Hmptm-Ceurt One. J At Audley-exd One. I At Keafmpm One. j Store-keeper at Kcajinptn One Mafon. Carpenter. Sergeant-Painter. Sergeant'-Plummer. Bricklayer. Joyner. Glafier, Plaifierer. Coffee,Tea, and Chocolate- maker. Blackiinith. Other Tradcfmen Sworn Servant! ft the King. Jeweller. Goldfmith. Mercer to the Robes Drapers to the Wardrobes. Bookfeller- Watch-maker. Principal Secretaries of State, Two. . His Majefty’s Domeftick Servants belonging to the Law re divers; of which fee among the Lifts. i8z E^e ^jefeut j&tate Part II, A 0 of His Majtjlys Officers and Servants unit the Majler of tbe-Horfe. A Vener and Clerk-Marlhal. Sal. 160J. per M tarries Fiv<, of which the Mis Gentleman of the Hotfe. Sal. to each 256 l. ter An- Pages of Honour, Three. Sal. to each i 56 I. ftr An. Sergeant of the Carriages. Sal. 8 61 per An. Mailer of the Stub. Sal. a <5 1. per An. Surveyor of the High-ways. Sal. 8 a /. per An. Surveyors of the Stables, Three ; each no l. Riding Surveyor; 3 °{> , Clerk of the Avery; 8a/. Yeoman of the Stirrup ; 68 l. per An. Yeoman Riders, Two ; each 130 l. per Am Clerk of the Stables; aa*/. Sergeant Farrier; 4a l. . MarlhalFarrier; 31/• Yeoman Farriers, Two ; 48 /. Groom Farriers, Two ; each a8 /. Efquire Sadler; 18/.' Yeoman Sadler; 183/. Groom Sadler; 58 /• Coach-maker; 36 1. Purveyors and Granitors, Two; to each 47 U Gentleman Armourer; 31 /. Riding Purveyers, Three; apo /. Mnw-Keepers, Two; 3 61. Three Stable-Keepeis; to each 1 a /. Two Yeomen of the Carriages; to each 18 /. Six Coachmen; to each 73 /. Sixteen Footmen ; to each 53 l. Four Chairmen ; to each 36 /• per An. Twenty one Grooms, to each S4 l - P" ^ n - One Bottle-Groom ; 54 /• One Page of the Back-Stairs; 31 /. One Meflenger; 15 /. One Porter of the Mews ; 18 /. Part II. of ENGLAND. 183 There is (belides fome other Officers not here named} an ancient Officerin the King’s Houlhold, called Clerk of the Market; who within the Verge of the King’s Houlhold, is to keep a Standard of all Weights and Aleafures, and to bum all falfe Weights and Meafures : And from the Pat¬ tern of his Standard are to he taken all the Weights and Meafures of the Kingdom. Note, That feme of thtfe Officers are war fibordinate to ant ithir Officer, but arc immediately dependant on the King ; at Mailer of the Great Wardrobe, &c. In the Court of King 7 amts the Firll, there were many more Officers ; and to many Offices there belonged many more Perfons; which King Charles the Firit, and King Charles the Second, and King James the Second much let- fened, and the prefent King now reigning, hlth yet lefl'en* ed much more. Upon the King are alfo attending in his Court, the Lords ot the Privy-Council, the Reverend Judges, the leamnd College of Civilians, the Mailers of Requells, Clerks of the Signet, Clerks of the Council, Keeper of the Paper-Office, or Papers of State, ire. the Sergeant and Office of Trumpets of the King's Sergeant Trumpet; his Sal. r6o /. per Astnum. Kettle-Drum One. There are in all Sixteen Trumpets in Ordinary, the lall of which is in the Power of the Sergeant to place in whom he pleafeth, either his Servant or his Son. Each of the Sixteen Trumpets and Kettle-Drum have 5 s. 1 Day. Of the Military Government of the King’s Com. Of the Gattlemt* Penffincrs. A T home within the King’s Houfe it is thought (it, that the King’s Perfon lliould have a Guard both above and below Stairs. N + In 184 £ 1 )C pjcfcnt &tatc Part II, In the Prefenee-Ckatnier therefore wait the Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners, firrt: inftituted by King Henry the Seventh, and chol'en ulually, in all time lince out of the bed and mod ancient Families of England, not only for a faithful Guard to the King’s Perfon, but to be as a Nut- fery to bleed up hopeful Gentlemen, and fit them for Em- ploymcnts both Civil and Military, as Captains of the Guard, and Commanders in the Wars both by Land and Sea j of all which there have been Examples, as George Lord Ilunjden, Captain of the I’cnlioners, at the Death of Queen EUzaittb, intimated in a Letter to King Jama the I'ird, before he came to England- Their Office is to attend the King’s Perfon with their Pole-Axes, to pnd from his Chappel-Royal, and to receive him in the Prejascc-Chambir, or coming out of his Privy- Lodgings ; as alfo at all great Solemnities, as Coronations, St. George's FeaJI, Publitk Audiences of Amiajfodors, at the King’s going to Parliament, and at their Funerals. They are Forty in Number, and each obliged to keep Three double Horfes and a Servant, who is likewife to be armed, and fo are properly a Troop of Guards, and have accordingly been muder’d by their own Officers; but this lad part of Duty to which they are fworn, his Majeffy doth difpenfe wirhal during his Pleal'ure. They have ever been commanded by a Nobleman, or a Knight of the mod Noble Order of the Garter, as their Captain ; a Lieutenant, a Standard-Bearer, and a Clerk of the Clssfue. A Gentleman Harbinger to provide Lodging for them, and to aflid the Clerk of the Cheque in his Abfcncc, as his Deputy ; his Fee 70 I. yearly. All the Band and Officers are fworn by the Clerk of the Ckeyue (except the Captain) for which he hath a Fee of s f. The Band wait half at a time quarterly, but on Chrill- mas-day, Eafler-day, H'lsit-Junday, All-Saints, St. George's Fcajl, the Coronation-day!, and on extraordinary Occafions, they are all obliged to give their Attendance under the penalty of the CInyue. _ ^ They have the Honour likewife to carry up the King s Dinner on the Days of his Coronation, and at St. George! FeaJ, at which times his Majedy ulually confers the Honour of Knighthood on two fuch Gentlemen of the Band that the Captain doth prefent. Their part II. of E N G L A N D. i8y Their ordinary Anns arc Gilt Pole-Axes. Their Arms on Horfeback in time of War, are Curiafll- ersArms with Sword and Piftols. Their Standard born in time of War, is, A Croft Gules is ,1 Field Argent. Of the Yemen of the Guard. A Gain in the fird Room above Stairs, called the Guard. Clamber, attend the Ttomcn of the Guard of hit Majify’t Ed }; whereof there were wont to be two hundred and fifty Men of the bed Quality under Gentry, and of lar¬ ger Stature than ordinary, (for every one of them was to be lit foot highJ There arc at prefent one hundred Yeomen in daily waiting, and feventy more not in waiting ; and as any one of the hundred (hall die, his place is to be fill’d up out of the Seventy. Thefe wear Scarlet Coats down to the Knee, and Scarlet Breeches, both richly guarded with black Velvet, and rich Badges upon their Coats, before and be¬ hind. Moreover, black Velvet round broad-crown’d Caps, (according to thfe Mode ufed in the Reign of Henry S.) with Ribbands of the King’s Colour : One half of them of late hear in their Hands Harquebuzes, and the other half Partizans, with large Swords by their Sides. Tiiey have Wages and Diet allow’d ’em. Their Office is to wait up¬ on the King in his (landing Houles, Forty by pay, and Twenty to watch by Night; about the City, to wait up¬ on the King’s Perfon abroad by Water or Land. Of the Troops of the Hvajkold : And firfi of the Horfe-Guards. T H E Guards of Horfe, which the Spaniards call Guar- das d> a Ca-jallo ; the Fr/hcli, Guards du Corps; the Ger- »«»;, Lidguardy, and we Life-Guard : That is, the Guards of the King’s Body do confiil of Eight hundred Horlemen, well arm’d and equipp’d ; and are for the mod part Re- Lrm’d Officers, and young Gentlemen of very confidet- 18 6 Sfljc-Parent g>tnte Part II. l)!e|F.imilies, wjio are there made fit for Military Commands. They are divided into Three Troops. To each Troop of Guards there now is added by Eft*, blifliment, a Troop of Granadiers, confiding of Sixty Four Men, befides Officers, which is commanded by the Captain of the Troop of Guards to whom it belongs. Each of thefe Three Troops ate divided into FourSquj. drons or Divifions: Two of which confiding of One hun¬ dred Gentlemen, and commanded by one Principal Com- mitfion’d Officer, two Brigadiers, and two Sub-Brigadiers, with two Trumpets, mount the Guard one Day in fix, and are reliev’d in their Turns. Their Duty is always by Parties from the Guard to attend the Perfon of the King and !£tum, the S>.uttn Dmagtr, and the Print/ and Prinafi wherefoever they go near home; but if out of Town they are attended by Detachments out of the Four Troops. Befides this, there is a more drift Duty and Attendant! weekly on the Kings Perfon on Foot; wherefoever hi walks, from his Riling to his going to Bed ; and this is perform’d by one of the Three Captains, who always waits immediately next to the Kings own Perfon, before all others, carrying in his Hand an Eimy Sus$ or Trmskn, with a Gold Head, engraven with his Majedy’s Cyphet and Crown : Near him alfo attends another Principal Com- miffion’J Officer, with an Eton/ Staf, and Silver Head, who is ready to relieve the Captain on occafions, and at the fame time alfo Two Brigadiers, having likewife £ft»; Sinv/s, hdaded with Ivory, and engraven as the others. One Divifion of Granadiers mounts with a Divifion of the Troop to which they belong they go out on final! Parties from the Guard,, perform Centry-duty on Foot, and attend the Jf/wg alfo on Foot, when he walks abroad, and always march with great Detachments. p art IL of ENGL AND. 187 V Tic Taj of the faid Guards of Horfc is as fol¬ low eth, viz. T H E Captain’s Pay of the Firft Troop of Guards is I i. 10 f. ptr Diem. The other Two Captains their Pay is to each r I. per Dian. A Lieutenants Pay of the Guards is 15 s. per diem. A Cornet’s Pay of the King’s Troop is 14 s. fir diem. Of each of the other two Troops is 13 fir dim. A Guidon’s Pay is r a !■ per dim. A Quartermafter's Pay is 9 s. per dim. A Chaplain’s Pay is 6 s. 8 d. per diem. . A Chirurgeon's Pay is 61. and his Cheft-Horfe 2 s. in all 81. per diem. A Brigadier’s t or Corporal’s Pay of the King’s Troop, is per diem . Of each of the other two Troops is 6 s. per diem. A Trumpeter and Kettle-Drummer, each is 5 s. per dim. A Sub-Corporal, or Sub-Brigadier’s Pay is but equal to a Gentleman of the Troop, viz.. 41. per dim. The Paj of the Granadiers of Horfc is as followetb. A Lieutenant’s Pay is 8 >. per-diem. A Sergeant’s Pay is 4 s. per diem. A Corporal’s Pay is 3 s. per dim . A Hautboy’s and Drummer’s Pay is 2 s. 6 d. per dim. A private Souldier’s Pay is a 1. 6 d. per dim. As to the Precedency of the refpeftive Officers of his Majefty’s Guards of llorfe, by their Commiffions, the Cap¬ tains always command as eideft Colonels of Horle ; the Lieutenants as eideft Lieutenant-Colonels of Horfe -, the Cornets and Guidons, as eideft Majors of Horfe; the Quar- (ermaflers as youngeft Captains of Horfe j the Brigadier s, as eideft Lieutenants of Horfe ; andamongft themfelves every Officer, according te the Date of his Commiffionwhen on 188 flfr gwate Pifftnt Part II, Detachments, hut not when the Three Troops march with their Colours; for then the Officer of the cldeft Troop commands rhofe of equal Bank with him in the other!, tho’ their Commiffions be of elder Date. Next immediately after the Three Troops of Guards, hit Majefty’s Regiment of Horfe, commanded by the Right Honourable Attire] Earl of Oxford, takes place, and the Co¬ lonel of it is to have Precedency after the Captains of tfie Guards, and before all other Colonels of Horfe, whatfo- ever Change may be of the Colonel, and all the Officer; thereof, in their proper degree, are to take place according to the Dates of their Commiffions. As to the Foot, the King’s own Regiment of Guards takes place of all other Regiments, and the Colonel there¬ of is always to precede as the firft Colonel. The Coldjlrm Regiment takes the next place, and then all other Colo¬ nels according to the Dates of their Commiffions. All other Regiments of Horfe or Foot, not of the Guardi takes place according to their refpeftive Seniorities fromtht time they were firff raifed ; and no Regiment lofes its Pre- cedency by the Death or Removal of its Colonel. 0/Offences commuted within the Verge of tit King i Court. T H E King’s Palace Royal (ratiom RigU dignitatis) is ex¬ empted from all Jurifdtftion of any Court, Civil or Ecdefiaffical, but only of the Lord Steward, and in bis Abfence, of the Trcaftrcr and Comptroller of the King's Houf- hold, with the Steward of the Marjhalfea, who may, by virtue of their Office, without Commiffion, hear and determine all Trtafons, Feloniet, Breaches of the Peace, committed within the King’s Court or Palace. The mod excellent Orders and Rules of the Demeanour and Carriage of all Officers and Servants in the King’s Court, are to be feen in feveral Ta¬ bles hung up in feveral Rooms at the Court, and fign'd with the King’s own Hand, and worthy to be read of all Strangers. The King’s Court, or Houfe where the King refideth, is accounted a place fo facred, that if any Man prefume to fbike Part II- of ENGLAND. 189 nrifcc another within the Palace where the King’s Royal p tr f on relideth, and by luch a Stroke only draw Mood, his Right Hand (hall be thicken off, and he committed to per¬ petual Imprifonment, and fin’d. By the ancient Laws of Irfard. only (hiking in the King’s Court, was ptmifli’d with Death and lofs of Goods. To make the deeper Imptellion and Terror into Mens Minds fct (hiking in the King’s Court, it hath been order’d, That the Punifliment for (hiking (hou’d be executed with great Solemnity and Ceremony, in brief thus : ^tmifljmnrtfoj finking in tlje fting’# Court, The Servant of the King’s Wood-Yard brings to the place of Execution a fquate Block, a Beetle, Staple and Cords to fallen the Hand thereto j the Yeoman of the Scullery pro¬ vides a great Fire of Coals by the Block, wherein the Swi¬ ng Irons, brought by the chief Farrier, are to be ready for the chief Cbirurgeon to ufe ; Vinegar and cold Water, brought by theGmmof the Sa-icery ; the chief Officers al¬ io of the Cellar and Pantry are to be ready, one with a Cupof red Wine, and the other with a Mancliet, to offer the Criminal. The Sergeant of the leery is to bring Linnet-. to wind about, and wrap the Arm ; the Yeoman of the Poul¬ try a Cock to lay to it; the Yeoman of the Chandlery, Seared Clothes; the Mafter Cw(;afharp Diefler-Knife, which at the place of Execution is to be held upright by the Setgean: of the Larder, till Execution be perform’d by an Officer appointed thereunto, ire. After all, the Criminal (hall be imprifon’d during Life, and fin’d, and ranfom’d at the King’s Will. In the King’s Court, not only ftriking is forbidden, butal- fo all Occaffons of ftriking; and therefore the Law faith, Mas Citationes aut Summonitiontr licet facerc infra Paiasitan Stgis, a/WWeftm. velalihi uhi Rex refdel. Finally, The Court of Etsgland may for Government and enft Accompts, be a Pattern to all the Courts in the World. CHAP. JE&cgjtfcM; &tate Part II, Of the QUEEN’S Court. T H E S t7 EE its Court, fuitable to the Confort of fo great a KI N G , is fplendid and Magnifi. Her Majefty hath all Officers, and a Hoofliold apart:fa theKing ; for the Maintenance whereof there is utually to- led 40000 /. fir Annrn. tho’ her late Majefty Queen Mntk Second, had One thoufand Pounds Week paid conftantly into her Majefties Tteafurer, &c. Sit th Lip of the Officers and Servants of the late |»a Mary of Blifed Mirnq ; mi likessnfe of the Sfte Dowager; their Reyal Highneffe, she Prince and Prmtjr, and of his laic Highnefs the Duke of Glocefter. Of the Civil Government of England r'» the refptHM Courts of Judicature: anifirft of the Court of ftico, call’d the KIN G’s-B E N CH. - F O R the Execution of Laws, after the Houle of Loj in Parliament,thehigheft Court mtogland atO Law, is the King's-Bemh, fo call d, becaufe anciently Kingfometimes there fate in Perfon on a high Ben , his Judges on a low Bench at his Feet to whom the jtf cature belongs in the abfence of the King. ^ In this Court are handl’d the PI« of the Cron. * things that concern the Lofs of Life or Member f) Sublet!; for then the King is concern d, beat* * J and Limbs of the Subjeft Delong only to the King, 0 the Pitas are liete between the King and the Sub|ea arc handl’d all Treafens, Felonies, Breach of Peace, 0 fM* Part II. of ENG LAND. 191 llifff-jtntmtnt , See. This Court moreover hath Power to tumine and correfl: all Errors in Fa8o, and in Jure, of all the Judges and Juftices of England in their Judgments and Proceedings; and this, not only in Pleas of the Crown, Inn in all Pleas Real, Perfonal and Mix’d, except only in the htbaper. In this High Court fit commonly Four Grave Reverend Judges; whereof the firft is ftiled the Lord Chief 'Juftice of tbtKing't-Bcnch, and is created not by Patent, but by a Hort Writ, thus : A. B. Militi falutem. Sciatic ejutd confti- Him vis Jufticiarium stoftrum Caftitalem , ai Placita te¬ rm nobis tenenda, cjuam diu te bcnc gefferis. Ttjiemeipje apud Welbn. The reft of the Judges of the King's-Bench hold their Places by Letters-Pacents in thife Words; Rexmnibtu ad ntt {rajentes liters: p erverterint , Jalutcm. Sciatic quad confti- iiiims dilcllum & fidelcm A. B. Militem, umass Jufticiariorum, d Placita coram mbit tmenda, durante bent flacito mflro. Ttjlt, &c. Thefe Judges, and all the Officers belonging to this Court, have all Salaries from the King, and the chief of them have Robes and Liveries out of the great Ward- tope. In this Court all young Lawyers that have been call’d to the Bar, are allow’d to plead and pra&ife. This Court may grant Prohibitions to keep other Courts, both Ecdefiaftical and Temporal within their Bounds and duejurifdiftion. Thejurifdiftion of this Court is general, and extendeth to all England: is more uncontroulable than any other Court, (for the Law prefumes, that the King is always there in PerfonJ None may be Judge in this Court, unlefs he be a Sergeant of the Degree of the Coif; that is, a Sergeant at Law, who upon taking this high Degree, is obliged to wear a Lawn Coif under his Cap, for ever after. Thejurildiftion of this Lord Chief Juft ice is very great over all England, and even in Parliament time ; the Lords fometimes waving their own Power, hare direfted him to fend his Warrant to feize Perfons fufpefled of Capital Crimes. 19 1 ffiljc ^cfcnt frtatc Part H. Of the High Court of CHANCERY. N Ext to the King’s-Bench in Wijhnm^tr-HaU, is wife!; placed this Higli Court, to mitigate the Rigour, i; that ; it is Crrriir CamellarU ; becaufe, as fome think, rt: » e of this Court late anciently intra Canceller, or Lanic, e Eaft end of our Churches, being feparated per Cm. ccUts, fromthe Body of the Church, as peculiarly belonging to the Pried, were thence called Chancels. The Court is the Offcina Jufliti*, the Womb of all our Fundamental Lautf, the Fountain of all our Proceedings in Law, the Original of all other Courts. It is as ancient as th; Civility of the Nation, though perhaps by another Name. This Court proceeds either ordinarily, according to the Laws, Statutes, and Cudoms of the Nation, and in bait. granting out Writs Mandatory and Remedial : Writs of Grace ; or clfe according to Equity and Confidence, aid by Englifh Bill; fo that the Chancery hath two Courts in one; the Equitable part is by Bills, Anfwcrs, and Decree, to examine Frauds, Combinations, Truds, Secret Ufes, to moderate the Rigour of the Laws, and refeue Men ou: qf the Hands of their OpprelTors : To relieve a Man, efps- daily in three things, viz. againft Cheats, unfortunate Ac- ddents, and Breaches of Trull Out of this Court are idued Writs, or Summons for Parliaments, Edifls, Proclamations, Charters, Protedions Safe-condufls, Writs of Mtderata Mifertccrdia, when any Perfon hath been amerced too high, and for a reafonablepart of Goods for Widows and Orphans, Patents for Sheri, Writs of Certiorari to remove Records and Falfe Judgments in inferiour Courts, Writs of Audita Hiuenla, and Scin fi¬ lial : Here are fealed and enrolled Letters Patents, Treaties and Leagues with Foreign Princes, Deeds between Party and Party, touching their Lands and Ellates, or Purchiftts taking Recognizances, and making of Extents upon Statutes and Recognizances for payment of Money, or l'ecurin; of Contracts, Writs Remedial or Magifterial, Commillions of Appeal, Oyer and Terminer, &c. The Court of Cermet- Phai, which are betwixt Subjeft and Subjeft, hath its Ori¬ ginal and Commidion from the Chancery, and cannot hold Pleat without it. For Part. II. cf £ N G L A N D. j 9J For the La: it i part of this Court, are the Twenty four Curfttrs ; and for the Englijh part are the fix Clerks. The Court of Equity, that proceeds not according to Law, is no Court of Record, and therefore binds only the Ferfon, not his Lands or Goods. Cljantfllo^ ] The Judge of this Court is the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England. He is here the Sole Judge, whereas in other Courts there are three or four Judges : hut he may, and doth often, in Cafes of greater weight and difficulty, in Cafes of Law,call fomc of the other Judges to his Affiftance, and therefore it is laid this Office may be difcharged by one that is no prodded Lawyer, as it was almoft alway. anciently; and i'o of later times by Sir Chrifiofbtr Haltm, and after by Dr. Hilliam Bilhop of Limbi, to their great Praife and Com¬ mendation. This is the highed Office in England that a Lay-man is capable of : and the Chancellor under the King, is Magi- ftratmim cninium Amifles, Chief of all Magiftrafes. Anciently the Lord Chancellor had fometimes his Vice- Chancellor, commonly called Keeper of thi Great Seal, but of later times they differ only in Name. In France the Chancellor is fo much obliged to attend the foie Intereft of the King and People, that he muft not be fenfible of any Relations, or other Confiddration ; and therefore may not put himfelf in Mourning, neithei for his own Father, nor for the King himfelf. Chancellors have been in England, as the Learned Sir William Dugdalc finds, as loon as Chriftianity was 'embraced by the Saxons. The Chancellor is faid to be Keeper of the King’s Con- fciencc, to judge fecundum atjuum & Itonum, according to Equity and Confidence ; he is to moderate the to aitei(SoJi~ mr, the e.vaa Rigour and Letter of the Law, whereun- to other Judges are (Iriftly tyed ; for the Princes of thi# Realm (in imitation-of the KING of Kings, governing tha World hy Judice and Mercy! have erefted two Supreme Tribunals together, at the upper-end of IVeflminJIer-Hall, one of 'Jullice, wherein nothing but the drift Letter of the Law is oblerved ; and the other of Mercy, wherein the Ri¬ gour of the Law is tempered with the fweetnefs of Equi¬ ty, which is nothing elfe but Mercy qualifying the Sharpnef? of Jujliee. 194 SEIjc patent $tate Part II. This Court being a Court of Confidence, the !efs it is perplexed with the Quirks of Lawyers, the more it is cruided by Conl'cience and Equity ; and therefore in all former times, the Judges of this Court were chofen out of the Clergy, able Divines, who by their Skill in the Law of God and of Nations, were bell able to judge according to Moderation and Equity, and mod willing to execute ac¬ cordingly, aid) thoughc fitted to difpofe of the King’s Spi- ritual Benefices. Befides, when this High Office was given to Bilhops and Clergy-men, and thereby Wealth and a publick Spirit ufually conjoyned : What great publick Afts of Piety and Charity were done by them for this' Nation ? To mention only in Oxford ; What Noble and Rich Foundations are ChrijbCbmb, hUgdalms, New-College, and Mertm-Colligtl All founded by Bilhops that were Chancellors. The manner of proceeding in this Court, is much like that in the Courts of the Civil-Law, the Aftions by Bill or Plaint, the WitnelTes examined in private, the De¬ crees in Englijh or Larin, not in French. No Jury of tie Twelve Men, but all Sentences given by the Judge of tie’ (faffew of Cljanccrp.] The Chancellor , or Lord Keeper, hath Twelve Alfidants , anciently called Chriii Clerks,'or Magiftri Canetllaria, becaufe they were ufually all jn Holy Orders, and Doftors of Laws ; for Malleraad Doftors were anciently the lame, as at this day, a Doftoi in the Arrs, is called Mdgiflcr in Artibru ; and fometunti they were called Coadjutor a. fptfitr Of tl)C 3Rollj0f-] The fitd of thefe is the to fitr of the Rolls : in Latin, Saennm Scrimnm Magipr, and iCosulorum Caps five PrsefcSm, fo called from the Chappd Wherein the Rolls are kept: It is a place of great Dignity, and is in the Gift of the King, either for Life, or during his Majedy’s l’leafure; and this Officer hath 'Jure Ofiii, the Gift of thofe conliderable Offices of the Six Clerks i: Chancer}, hath the keeping of the Rolls, hath all the Hoof: of the Convened Jews, now called the Rolls-, and in the abl’ence of the Chancellor, hears Caufes there, and make Orders, by Virtue of a Commiffion, with Two Malta atid that 'Jure Off.cii. When he fits in the Lords Houfe in Parliament, heft next to the Lord Chief Jullice of England, upon tire fecosl Wool-Sack 0® part II. of ENG LAND. i 9) - One Reafon why the Mailers of Chanary were ever c ivi- lians, may be, becaufe for all Caul'es almolt imaginable, fome Law, or Cafe conformable thereunto, may be fetch¬ ed, by a good Civilian, out of that Law of Laws, called the Civil-Lam. Another may he, becaufe the Chancery more ancient than any other Court of England, (for all O- riginal Writs and Commiffions whereupon the other Courts do ground all their Proceedings, proceed from thence) hath probably been taken from the Civil-Lam, as divers points of Proceedings, not ufed in Common-Lam. Courts, as the De¬ fendants anfwering to the Bill, and fometimes to the Inter¬ rogatories upon Oath, though to the accufing of a Man’s felf in divers matters damageable and penal; the whole matter of Publication, the Depofition of Witnelles upon Interogatories, and in pcrpctuam hi mcmoriam, the Term and Uie of Final Decree, and many other Points differing from the Cmmn-Lam, and wholly agreeing with the Ci- viLlam. This Court is always open, whereas all the Others are Hint, but only in Term-time ; fo that if any Man be wrong¬ fully imprifon’d in the Vacation time, out of the Term, the Lord Chancellor may grant his Writ of Habeas Corpus, and do him Jullice according to Law : So likewil'e mav this Court grant Prohibitions in time of Vacation, as well as in Term-time. The Salary of the Mailers in Chancery, is One Hundred Pounds to each of them, paid out of the Exchequer quar¬ terly, belides Robe-Money. Thefe Mailers do lit at IV. jl- minjltr-HaU with the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, Three at a time in Term-time, and Two at a time out of Term, when the Lord Keeper fits to .hear Cau fes at his own Houle. And to thefe Mailers the Lord Keeper does often refer the further hearing of many Caufes, &c. Fur¬ thermore, they have a publick Office, where one or more of them do conflantly attend to take Affidavits, &c. The Houfe founded at firfl for the Converted Jems, was, after their Expulfion out of England, annex’d for ever to the Office of Mailer of the Rolls, where he hath the Cufto- ti\tc Part II, At prefent there are kept all the Rolls ftncc the begin* ning of Richmi the Third ; The reft are kept in the Tower of Lotte!on. In his Gift are, b.’fides the Six Clerks Ollice, the OfJI- ccs of the Examiners, Three of the Clerks of die Petti. Rag, and the Six Clerks of the Rolls Cluppcl, where the Rolls arc kept. dlcrfe of tlje C/Otoll.J Next is the Clerk of the Croivn. This Office is of high Importance ; he is either by himfeif, or Deputy, continually to attend the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, for fpecial Matters of State, and hath a place in the higher Houfe of Parliament : lie makes all Writs for Elcftion of Members of Parliament, lifting in the Par¬ liament, upon Warraijt direffed to him upon the Death ot Removal of any Member; and all'o Commillions of Oja and Terminer, Gaol-delivery, Commiflions of Peace, and many other Commillions diftributing JuPiceto his Ma- jelly’s Subjefts: Which Office lias been fometimes execu¬ ted by a Deputy. [‘monetary ot this Court. This Office is chiefly to expedite Commillions for Emballies. It is executed by a Deputy. Clerk 0/ 1 he Hamper or Hanaper, fometim t Ailed Warden of the Hamper-, svliofe Office is to receive all the Money due to the Kang for the Seals of Charters, Patents, Commii- (ions, and Writs, and to attend the Keeper of the Seal daily in Term-time, and at all times of Sealing, with Leather Bags nasv fbut anciently.probably with Hampers; wherein are put all fealed Charters, Patents, C‘c. and then thole Bags arc delivered ro the Comptroller of the Hamper. IV.ivehtt of the Fleet, or Keeper of the Fleet I’Hfm, is an Officer very conliderable. He is to take care of the Prilb- ners there, who are commonly i'uch as are lent thither from rhis Court, for Contempt to the King or his Laws, or fuch as will not pay their Debts, &c. Sergeant at Amt •, wliofe Office is to bear a Gilt Mace before the Lord Chancellor or Keeper, for the time being. S x Clerki are Officers of great Account, next in degree rotiie Twelve Mailers in Chancery, wliofe Office is to inroll (,'ommifiions, Pardons, Patents, Warrants, 6~r. that ate palled the Great Seal. They were anciently Claici, and afterwards forfeited their Places if they did marry, till by Aft of Parliament, in the time of H-nj the Eighth, they weic allowed to take Wives. They PartlF. of ENGLAND. 19- They are alio Attorneys for Plaintiffs and Defendant..’ in Caiit'es depending in this Court. Thcv keep tlieir feveral Offices at a place called tire Sis Ckrft office in Chancery-lam, and conllantly keep Comnions together in Term-time. Under the afore-named Six Clerks; there were Sixty, now Ninety other Clerks, vn. Ten to each of the Six Clerks, and who, with tlieir under Clerks, difpatch the Bulmefs of that Office. Some of thclc Ninety do feverally get four, fire, ot lix hundred Pounds per Annum, or more. Exaiain.rs in Chancery there are Two. Their Office is to examine the WitflelTes on their Oaths in any Suit on both tides This Office alfo is executed at the Rolls. Clerks of the Petty-bag in Chancery are Three. They are under the Mailer of the Rolls : Their Office is to make all Patents for Cuftomers, Comptrollers, all Cnip a Effirss, lirlt Summons of Nobility, Clergy, Knights, Citi¬ zens and BurgelTes to Parliament, ire. The Subpasna Office is to ilTue out Writs, to fummon Per- fons to appear in Chancery. Clerk of the Patents, or Letters Patent, under the Great Seal cf England. The Principal Regifter of the Court of Chancer)'. This Office is kept at S)Kiond's Inn in Chancery-lane. CInk of the Reports, Keeper of the Old Book, and of one of the Entry-Books. The Officefor filing all Affidavits in the fame Court of Csmcirj is an Office granted by Letters Patent. This Office is now kept at Syimnd's-Inn in Chancery-lane. Carjltors Office in the Chancer)', is to make out Original Writs; they were anciently called Clerici Brevium de surfs : Of thele there are Twenty four, whereof each one hath certain Counties and Cities allotted to him, into which they makeoutiuch Original Writs asare required. Thefe Clerks area Corporation of rhemfelves, xvho execute thefe Offices by rhemfelves, or by their Deputies. The General Office of the Curjitors is kept near Lincolns - That test Loss Im and Mlddlefex, at S)inond's-hm in Chance- iduia,) of the Pi fe,station of Spiritual Benefices. O 3 Alienation 198 STljc $jctcnt Estate Part Ii. Alienation Office. T Here is alio an Office called the Mutation Office, where- unto all Writs of Covenants and Entry, whereupon Fines arelevyed and Recoveries fuffered, are carried to have Fines for Alienation let and paid thereupon. This Office is executed by three Commiffioners. In all ate counted Seventy two Officers under the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper. the Court of Common-Pleas. T H E next Court for Execution of Laws, is the Court of Common-Pleat, fo called, becaufe there are debated the ufual Pleas between Subjeft and Subjeft. Some fay, this Court, as well as other Courts, was at firft held in the King’s Houfe, wherefoever he relidcd ; but by the Statute of Magna Charta, it was ordained, That this Court fhould not be Am¬ bulatory, but be held at a certain place, and that hath been ever lince in 1VeJ!minfier-Hall. None but Serjeants at Law may plead in this Court, and fo many of them as the King lhall appoint, are bound by Oath to affift all that have any Caufe depending in that Court. This Court may grant Prohibitions, as the Court of the Kings-Btnch doth. The chief Judge in this Court, is called the Lord Chief Jnflice of the Common-Pleat, or of the Common-Bench, holdeth his Place by Letters Patent ejuam diuje bent geffierit, and ft do the other inferior Judges of this Court, whereof there are commonly Three. In this Court all Civil Caufes, Real and Perfonal, ate ufually rryed, according to the ftrift Rule of the Law. Real Aflions are pleadable in no Other-Court, nor Fines levied, or Recoveries fuffered, but only at this Court at Wrflminflcr, at a Judges Chamber, at the Affixes, or by fpe- «ial Commiflion out of Chancery. Part II- of ENGLAND. i 9y The King allows lo the Lord Chitf Jujlice of this Court i Fee, Reward, Robes, and Two Ton of Wine, as is done to the Lord Chief Jufticc of the other Bench ; all'o to the o- ther Judges of this Court; and to four Serjeants is allow’d Fees, Reward, and Robes to each’ one. In the uth and ra.'/j of Eiteard 3. there were Eight Judges belonging to the Common-Pleas ; at other times Seven, Six and Five ; and fo in the time of Hairy 6. and Edi/ard 4. but fince ufually but Four, as at this day. Before the Reign of- Queen Mary, thefe and the reft of the Twelve Judges rode upon Mules, and not upon Horfes, it they now do in great State, at the beginning of the Term. Then there is an Officer call’d C ujlos Brevium, the firft Clerk of the Court, whole Office is to receive and keep all Writs returnable in that Court, to receive of the Protom- taries all Records of Nijl Print, call’d Pojlea's. He hold- eth his Place by Patera from the King, and hath the Gift of the fecond Protonotaries Place, and of the Clerk of the There are three Protomtaries, a Word compounded of Gmk and Latin, (fuch with the Ancients were ufual) and fignifies the iirft Notaries ; they are chief Clerks of this Court, and by rheir Office are to enter and enroll all De¬ clarations, Pleadings, ( which the Filazen did formerly promilcuoiffiy do ) Affizes, Judgments, and Aftions ; to make out Judicial Writs, &c. for all Englijh Counties ex¬ cept Mmm uli. Thefe conliderable Offices are in the Hands of Three Perfons, in whofe Offices all the Atomics of the Court of Common-Picas do enter their Canfes ; each of the faicl Protonotaries hath a Secondary, whofe Office is to draw up the Rules of Coutt, and to do other matters relaring to the Bulmefs of the Court. Thefe Secondaries are common¬ ly the ancienteft and the ableft Clerks or Attorneys of the Court. The Cbirograplier (alio from two Greek Words, lig- nifying to atteft a Writing, by letting ones Idand, is an Officer who ingrolleth Fines acknowledged, &c. He liold- eth his Place ailo by Patent. hr this Office there are leveral Clerks, who have their *fe- ''cral Counties allotted them, and for which they are to en- erols the Fines levied of Lands in then relpe&ive Divi- 04 The 2 oo nt Pltfcnt State Part II, The Regifter of the Fine-Office ; which OfTice is the only proper place for fearching for fines, they not being pet- fe£f till they are brought thither ami recorded. AC/eito/ the Proclamations. All thefe Piotomtaries and Chirographer aforementioned, fit in the Court, crown’d with black round Caps, accord, ing to the Mode, immediately before the Invention of Hats, which was lince the beginning of the Reign of Queen Eliiakth. Moreover, they are all l'wcrii, and have their Of¬ fices for Life, as a Free-hold. There are in this Court Three Officers unfsvorn, and hold their Places durante bent placito. r- One Clerk of the Treafurjt, who hath the Charge of keeping the Records of this Court, and makes cut all Re. cords of Nif. Prim, and divers other things. This Office is in the Gift of the LtrdChitf 'justice of this Court. a. The Clerk of the Enrollments of Fines and Recove¬ ries is, by Statute, under the Three puifne Judges of this Court, and removable at their Pleafure. Mt(r, that the Enrollment of the Fines and Recoveries, or any part thereof, by St at. 23. FlU. Chap. 3. is of as good Force and Validity in Law, to all Intents and Purpofes, for fo much of any of them fo enroll’d, as the fame being extant and remaining, were, or ought by Law to be: The general Neglect where¬ of in this Kingdom hath occalion’d many Law-Suits, and hath prov’d in procefs of time exceeding dangerous to many Mens Ellates. 3. The Clerk of the Outlawries, who makes out the Writs of Capias Utlegatum (after the Parries are return’d Out¬ lawed) in the Name of the King’s Attorney, whofe Deputy he is pro ter,me. , There are Five Cl-As or Officers more. 1. Clerk of the Kings Silver, unto whom every Pint or Final Agreement upon Sale of Ljnd is brought, after it ir hath been with the C-tP.o: lircvium, and who makes an En*ry of what Money is to be paid for the King’s ufe, executed by a Deputy. a. Clciknf che Warrants, exectired by a Deputy, who entreth all Warrant* of Attorney for Plaintiff and Defen¬ ce nr, apd cnrollcrh all D.eds acknowledg’d before any of /^lyluJges of tliii Court. ’ 3. Clerk pjrt i|. cf ENGLAND. 201 , Clerk of the Juries, win imketh out the Writs, till’d Hal-iJl Ctrfm, and dijhiugiu Juratorum, for Appear¬ ance cf the jury, either in this’Court, or at the AfUzes in the Country, by his Deputy. 4. Clerk of the Ejfoins cr lixcufes for lawful Caufe of 5. Clerk of the Superfedeat, which is held by Patent. But before King Janet theEirft’s time the Writs of Super- fleas were made by the Exignter. In this Court are alfo Filazen for the feveral Counties of trjfmd, fo call’d from the French, Fit, a Thred, becaufe they file their Writs. Thefe make out all Procefs upon 0 - ri n inal Writ;, and do many other things too long to be here let down : Of thefe there are Fourteen ; the lalt of which, is Protomtary, Filazer, and Exigentcr of Monmouth, by Patent; the relf are in the Gift of the Lord Chief Ju- f.i;; of this Court, and hold for Life. There are alfo Four Exigentcn, whofe Office is to make a! ]Ex:gni:i and Proclamations in all Aftions, where Procefs of Outlawry doth lie. This Writ is call’d an Exigent, becaufe it exalictb the Party; that is, requireth his Ap¬ pearance to anfwer the Law, and lies againft a Tranf- grelTor of the Law, that cannot be found, nor any of his Goods within the County •• So that after Summons by the Sheriff at five feveral County Courtt ; if he appears not, he is Oi lin'd Thefe are all in the Gift of the Lord Chief Jujlice of this Court t and are for Life. There are alfo belonging to this Court Four Cryert and Of the Court of Exchequer. TH E next Court of Execution of Laws, is the Exchequer; l fo call’d, as fome think, from a Chequer-wrought- Carpet, covering the great Table in that Court, (as the Court of Gran-Cloth in the King’s Houfe, is fo call’d from the Great Carpet) or elfe from rhe French Word Efihiquier, a Chcft-Board ; becaufe the Accomptants in that Office were wont to ufe fuch Boards in tlfeir Calculation. Here ate try’d all Caufes which belong to the King’s Triofury or P.cvcmi, as touching aIccompt:, Difhurjctncnt 202 3 CI)C gtffent S)tflt£ Part II, Cttjlom, and all Fines impos’d upon any Man- In this Court may lit, The Lord Treafurcr, the Chancellor of tkt Exchequer, th; Lord Chief Baron, and Three other Learn’d Judges, ail'd Barons of tin Exchequer ; alfo one other Curfittr Baron. But the Two firfl: feldom fit, and the Five lad feltlom fail. The firft of the five is the principal Judge of this Court, and anfwers the Bar of die Barrijim, who direff their Speech to him, takes Recognizances for the King’s Debts, &c. It is an Office of nigh Honour and Profit; He is Ril'd Lord Chief Baron ; Tribunus, or Juridical Rations- Us primus, or Princeps ; is created by Letters Patent, to hold this Dignity, Quam din Je bene gefferit, wherein he hath a fix'll Eftate; for the Law intends this an Eftate fot Life: He alone, without the other Barons, fits at Guild-Hall the Afternoon inTerm-time, upon ttifi Prim in London ; takes Judies, Jceompts, Recognizances, Prcjentations of Offices, and many other things of Importance. In the Abfence of the lard Chief Baron, the other three Barons fupply his Place, according to their Seniority ; but the Fifth is faid to he rhe Curfitor of the Court, and adminifters the Oath to the Sheriff, under-Sheriffs. Bailiffs, Searchers, Surveyors, &c. Of the Cujlom-Houfe; but is no itinerant Judge, nor counted one of the Twelve Judges. In the Exchequer are held two Courts, one of the Last, another of Equity. All Judicial Proceedings according to Law, are CoramBi- rrnilm ; but the Court of Equity held in the Exchequer Chore- ber, is Co ram Thdaurario, Cancellario & Barenibm. This Court had its beginning prime Phil. & Slar. The Authority of this Court is of original Jurifdiftion, without any Commiffion. Hote' alfo, Tint all the other foremention’d Courts were not inftiruced by any Statute or Written Law, but have theii Original from the Ancient Cuftom of the Kingdom. For a long time after the Conqueft there fate in the &• chequer both Spiritual aud Temporal Barons of rhe Realm; and in later times there fate in their Places others that were no Peers of the Realm, yet Riled Barons, quia ubi fidtn filcbanc Barones, becaufe Batons ufed to lit there. • Ail {part It. of ENGLAND. 205 All the Twelve Judges belonging to tliefe liigli Tri¬ bunals, (it in Robes and Square Caps, like Doftors of Di- ; vinity; becaufe (as fome fay ) they were anciently m oft commonly Clergy-Men and Doftors, Bilhops or Prelates. /, Lift of the feveral Offers belonging to bis Majeftfs I Cam of Exchequer. SOjc King’# Krnitmbjaiictr’fi Office. A fter the Lord Treafurer, the Chancellor of the Exclu¬ der, and the Barons of the Exchequer aforemention’d the nest Oilicer is the King's Rmcmkmtr : In whole Of* £:e are Light Sworn Clerks; whereof two are Secon- ihrits. in this Office are entred the States of all the Accompts concerning the King’s Revenue, for Cuftoms, Excife, Sub- iidies, and all Aids granted to the King in Parliament, and all other Accompts of what nature foever, except Sheriffs and lliilii;', Accompts; and alfo Accompts for Moneys im¬ peded to any Perfon to perform Service for the King, concerning the King’s Revenue, either certain or cafual, all Securities either by Bonds or Recognizances, to the King’s A!a;edy by Accmftmts and Officers, for the faithful Exerci- ling of their Offices, and many of his Debts are taken here. All Proceedings upon any S’tatute by Information for Cu- liom, Excifes, or any other penal Law. All Proceedings "tranche faid Bonds or Recognizances, or any other Bonds taken in the King’s Name, by Officers appointed thereun¬ to, under rhe Great Seal of England, and tranfmitted hither j for Recovery thereof, are properly in this Office ; from , "'hence ilRie forth Procefs, to. caufe all Accomprants to i c rae in and accompt. In the Court of Exchequer there be- in? a Court of Equity, all Proceedings touching the lame, Uiin this Office; with many other things concerning, the King’s Revenue. This Office is in the King’s Gift. m 2^4 Elje Pufent §>tate p art ft SEfjc lojD HCrcafiircr^EmiEm^aiiccr^ SDfficc. Next is the Lord Treafurer's Remembrancer ; whole Office is to make Procefs againfi all Sheriffs, Receivers, Bayliffs, fa for their Accompts, and many other things of moment, « Eftcat Rules, &c. All Charters and Letters Patent, where¬ upon any Rents are referv’d to the King, are tranferioed and fent into this Office by the Clerk of the Pctty-h,, s , to the end fuch Moneys as are thereby payable to his Alajedy, may be tranlmitted to the Clerk of the Pipe ; and Procefs made to recover the fame by the Comptroller of the Pipe, Out of this Office Procefs illiies to levy the 201. per Month. due from Popilh Recufants, when convifted ; and alfo to feize the two Thirds of their Lands, when Schedules there¬ of are made by the Clerk of the Pipe, and rranfmitted hi¬ ther. Out of this Office Procefs is alfo made to levy the King’s Free-Purer, Rent!, &c. When the Auditors of the Revenue have made Schedule of fuch Arrears, and tranlmitted them to the Remtmbrmee, the States of all Impreft Accompts, and other great Ac¬ compts; and other Accompts whatfoever are alfo entred in this Office, as well as in the Office of the King’s itr- membraneer. In this Office there were heretofore Twelve fworn Clerks, whereof the Two firfl: were called Sccmiam This is alio in the King’s Gift. All Accompts which pafs the Remembrancers Office, are brought to the Office of the Clerk of the Pipe, and renuin there, to the end that if there be any determin’d Debt due by any Accomptant, or any other Perfon in any fuch Accompt, the fame may be drawn down into the great Roll of the Pipe, or the Pipes thereof, and by the Comp¬ troller of the Pipe taken into his Roll, verbatim with tit great Roll; and Procefs may be made by him for the Reco¬ very thereof by a Writ, call’d the Summons of the Pipy, which is in the nature of a Levare facias. And if upon Summons of the Pipe, iNichilbc return d by the Sheriff, then a Schedule is made of fuch Debts as irt llichiled, and fent to the Treafurer's Remembrancer, who makes a long Writ, and annexes the fame to it; which Writ ii a Capiat Fieri Facias, & extendi Facial. All Tallies which vouch the Payments contain’d in fuch Accompts, are examin’d and allow’d by the chief Se- Part IF- of E N G L A N D- aoy condiry ill the Pipe, and remain for ever afeer in chis All Accompts of Sheriffs and Bailiffs, are made up by the Clerks of the Pipe, and he gives them , and all the ether Accompts before-mendon’d, their MtiitUa e/1, in cafe their Accomprs be even. 1 The Clerk of the Fife makes Leafes of the King’s Lands, : anil mended Lands, when he is warranted fo to do by the . £-,y fiveftw and Chantcthr cf the Excluqutr, or Lords Can- ■ jnjniri cf the Trenfurj/. And thefc Leafes are 1'omerimes ’ direffed to be made under the Great Seal, but for the moft ; psrtpafs the Exchequer. He hath under him Eight xltcontep, \ whereof the Two firfl are Secondaries. I Com.pfrOllEr Of tI)S ^ipc.J He writeth in his Roll all ' i that isin the.great Roll ; and nothing entred in the great ! Roll can be dil'charg’d without his Privity. And if tiichils i br rennn’d, fucb Schedule! are made to the Trcafuitr's Re- ludnuftr, as before is mention’d, \ Hr svrirerh out tlie Summons twice every Year to the High Sheriffs to levy the Debts charg’d in the great Roll of the Pipe. C.letfe of. tije pirate] In his Office all the Officers of the Exchequer, and other privileg’d Perfons, as Debtors to the King, ire. are to have their Privilege to plead, and be impleaded, as to all matters at the Common Law: And the Proceedings are accordingly by Declarations, Pleas, and Tiiili, as at the Common Law, becaufc they fhould not be Juunout of their own Coutt, where their Attendance is j tetjuif’d. In eliis Office there are Four fsvprn Attorneys. ftpcign EDppOfcr j His Office is to oppofe all Sheriff upon the Schedules of the Green Wax. This Office is kept ia Grafs-inn. Clcrlt OF tl]C (cCrcatff,] His Office is to receive every Termrhe Eftrcats, or Exrrafts out of tile Office of the Rt- gnaefrawro- D f || lc Lc r d Trcufitrcr , and ro write rlicm our, ro be levied for the King ; alfo ro make Schedules for fucli Sums l HJfero be difcfiarg'J. ! iuoitoffl Of tl)£ J.mpjrfi] Audit the great Accompts ; ef the King's Culloms, Wardrobe, Afint, lirft-Fruits, and : ^"™ s , Naval and Military Expcnces, Moneys impreft- ! 2llOitp t ’0 of tljtr JUfSltnUE] Are Seven. Thefe 2c 6 ©je pjcfcnt <&tate Part U. Thefe Audit all Accompts of the King’s Revenue, m; Taxes given by Aft of Parliament. There are alfo feveral Receivers of the King’s Revenna, an'ftng from Lands and Rents, whole Accompts the Audi¬ tors do makeup yearly. •Rmicmtyanccrof tlje Takes all Coa politions for Firft-Fiuits and Tenths, and makes procefu gainft fucli as pay not the fame. This Office is kept ii the MiiiMt-Temple. Auditor of the Firft-Fruits. Receiver of the Revenue of the Firft-Fruits. The E- (hops are Colleftors of the Tenths, and accompt anmullj for the fame. ©fputp<(£ljambcrlains(.] There are alfo two other cm. ftderable Officers, call’d Deputy-Chamberlains ; in whofe Of¬ fice at (Vcftminjter are preferv’d all the Counter-foils of tit Tallies (whereof more anon) fo exaftly rank’d by Month and Years, that they may prefently be found out, to h join’d with their relpeftive Stock or Tally, when thereunto requir’d ; which being done, and prov’d true, they deliver the fame, attefted for a lawful Tally, to the Clerk of tit Pipe, for to be allow’d in the great Roll : But in cate any Corruption hath been ufed, the fame is eaftly and fon difeover’d, and the Offender feverely puniffi’d by Fine ad Imprifonment. iDtijer HDffictM.] There are moreover divers other Of¬ ficers, as Clerk of the Parcels, Clerk of the Kichih, th Marjhal, the chief Ulher of the Exchequer, whofe 0;- fice is an Office of Inheritance, Four under Ujkrs, an: Six Me finders, whofe Offices arc all in the Gift of ta: Chief Ulher. He is alfo by Inheritance Prcclamatir of tit Court of Cmmn-Plcus, and hath the Gift of all the tfv Pitt II. of ENGLAND. Of till other fart of tbs Exchequer, call'd by f omi tk Lower Exchequer, where the King’s R ew l me is receiv’d and disburs’d with admiral Or- dtr and Frugality . V T H E principal Officer is the Lord Treafurcr. Supreme £raru Jngtiei Unxjhr : Or, Tribur.us .Erarius Maxi- There is one Secretary, t*a hamc ’ j,r tf ‘ h Exck ^ who is alfo an Officer ot great Account and Authority; he hatii a principal lower, not only in the Exchequer Conn, but all'o • m TFW"* ofth « King’s Revenue : He hath alio the Cuftcdy of the Exchequer-Seal. He firs in the Court not only above all the Batons of the trek- fJir, but (as lome fay) above the Lard Trcaturer |,avin" ■ r U f;Rolls ndCnC) 3nd Com P tro,ment ortt hie Lord Trcalu- He hath the Gift of the Como,roller of the Pipe, and of 1 P r ! ’ alf ° ° f tl,C ChL o1 ' th* &i?and ot the Seal ot the Court, * thenvo ^ ^ the Gift ° f Then there are TwCUnto, of the Exchequer, in fthofe Cuftody are many ancient Records, Leagues and fe* Wlt , h w 0, r eign P |, in r ces - the Standards oi Mo’nevs, n ®7 a lJ Meafures thole ancient famous [looks, call’d Wrflf Wi,,Ch '? T Volumes,) and the Black 12? , ,■ h“ ,r ' ."hereof the former is Liber Cenkali, no Anglu, the Tax-Beck of all England made bv WWan «Conqueror, wherein isdeferib’d all the Lands of Em- l , ex . ct: P t f i le Counties of Cumberland, WeOmrlaud A’or- probablv Ir'vel th tain way of avoiding all Cozenage in the King’s Revenue, the like no where elfe in Cbriftmdm: And is after this man- He that pays or lends the King any Moneys, receives for his Acquittance or Acknowledgement a Tally, which is a Stick, with Words written on it on both fides, containing the Acquittance proper to exprefs what the Money received is for, which being cloven afunder by the Deputy-Cham- hlams, one part thereof call’d the Sturt, is delivered to the Party that pays that Money, and the other part, called Cmnur-Stock, or Cmn’erfoil, remains with them, who af- tetwards deliver it over to the other Deputies, to be kepc till it be called for, and join’d with the Stock; after which they fend it by an Officer of their own to the Pipe, to be applyed to the dilcharge of the Accomptant. This moft ancient way of piking oF Tallies, hath been wund by long Experience to be abfolutely the bed way that Ever was invented ; for it is morally impoffible l'o to falfifie or counterfeit a Tally, but that upon rejoyning it with the Counterfoil, it will be obvious to every Eye, either in the Notches, or in the cleaving, in the Longitude, or in the Latitude, in the natural Growth, or intheShapeof the Coun¬ terfoil .- Whereas Acquittances in Writing cannot be lb done but that they may be counterfeited by skilful Penmen, and P that 2to fflje Patent &ute Part II, that fo exaflly, as that he who wrote the Original flull no; be able to know his own Hand from the Counterfeit, as hath been frequently lcenjn all the Courts ot rC; tmmjler. Other Officers m rite Receipt of the exchequer, are (lit Uthrs of the Rccripl, a Tally carter, and Four Mejjcnjm of the Receipt. The Ulher’s Duty is to take care to fecute the Exchequer by Day and by Night, and all the Avenues leading to the fame, and to furnilh all Necelfaries, as Books, Papers, &c. . , By long continuance, and the wifelt connivances, that the ableft Men of many Ages could invent, the Exchequer of the King of England is become the bell ordered publick Res laid (K. .evenue in the World. Though the number of Officers in the Exchequer is fit greater than in any nt the King’s Courts, yet not neat fo great as the Financiers, and other Officers belonging to the Revenues of the French King, who arc fo many, that their Fees eat up a very conliderablc pair of the whole Revenue; Whereas, lot rewarding all the Officers in the Eii'li/l Exche. quer, whereof moll ate e.etPerlbnsol Etlates, Parts, and great Integrity, it colls the King a very inconlideialile Sum of Money, as will eatily appear to any one who Hull coniider, That in calc of a Gift hem the King ot Moneys ct Fenlion out of his Exchequer, he that recei ves it paysta ft. pcrCent. amoilgll the Mira, rlmitors, F.hrh nl tlieR.i and their Cierks; and ro all other Officers which is remarkable, there goes not amon; cersand Clerks, fo much as 5 s. ptr Cent. i~“"“ Payments, as for the Navy, Ordnance, Wardrouc, Min:, to the Cofferer, Treal'urerof the Clumber, 6 't- _ In cale of Moneys paid in by any ut the King s Tenants. Receivers, &e. it coll them fometiines but 6 a and at mo:, but 3 /. for every paymenr under a Thouliind Pounds, arJ that goes only to the Clerks for their pains in writing and attending. The bringing in of all Moneys to the King, coit jelly, ainongft Receivers, Culleflors, and all otheu ... Country, not above a s. in the l’ouud ; and at ms Lxcov quer it cods him in a manner, nothing arall : For the k- lets, who aie bound to the King in acooo !■ Security, » the true dilcharge of their great f tufts, have unuet 35 per ylmium for their Salary from the King, anil the Clerks of each Teller, who confiantly attend then Ollic-U hive nothing at all from the King. 11 Part'll. ofENGLAND. The Court of the Dietchy-Chamkr o/Lancafter, at Weflminfter. T llis Court takes Cognizance of all Caufes that any way concern the Revenue belonging to that Dutchy, which hath been long lince annexed to the Crown. The chief judge of this Court is the Chancellor of the Vttchy, who is aflifted by the Aetorney of the Dietchy. There are divers other Officers of this Court, as may be feen among the Lifts. This Court is kept at Wijiminjlcr, by the lower Ex¬ chequer. All the forementioned Courts of Judicature at WeJI- minjhr, are opened four times a Year, called the Four StiTinff.] Eajler Term, which beginneth always the fe- venteenth Day after Eafter, and laftcth twenty feven Days. Trinity Term begins the 5 th Day after Trinity Sunday, and lafteth twenty Days. Michaelmas Term began heretofore a little after that Feaft, but now by a late Statute, begins the 23d of October, and lafteth thirty feven Days. Laftly, Hilary Term begins now ten Days after St. Hilary, r.r the 23d of January, and lafteth twenty one Days: The four Terms in all continue 1 jy Days: From whence muft be dedutted about twenty Sundays and Holydays, wherein the Courts (it not; fo that in one fourth part of the Year, and that in one City, all conliderablc Caufes of lire greateft part of England, are fully decided and determi* ntil: Whereas in Foreign Parts the Courts of Juftice are open all the Year except High Holy-days and Harvefttime, and that in all great Cities- This may feem therefore ftrange to all Foreigners, till they know that the Englijh hive always been given more ro Peaceablenels and Indullry than other People ; and that rather than go fo far as Len¬ to, and be at fo great Charges with Attorneys, and Law¬ yers, they wilfeither refer their Differences to the Arbitra¬ tion of their Parilh-Ptiefts; who do, ot ought to think it »principal part of their Duty to reconcile Differences with- >tf their Parities, ot to the Arbitration 'of honeft Neighbours* JIZ £l1jc Ipjcfcnt j&tate Part If. orelfc arc content to fubmit tlicir Differences to Tryal 1». for: the Judges of/jlw, called all'o Juflices in Eyre, or tl, c la'nirantfafa. . \ . r ... Mzcs are held twice a year, & after the end of Hi/.,,, T rm "and after the end of Trinity Term, the twelve Judges, two by two, ride i'everu! Circuits, and at the principal Town of every County, lit to hear and determine all Caul'es of lef- ler Moment, both Civil and Criminal ; a mod excellent wife Cunftitution, begun by King Henry the Second, /Inmutf. who at firff divided England into fix Circuits, (not the fame that are now) and to each Circuit allotted three Judges. IV,u, alfo is divided into two Circuits, North and Smib Wales-, for which are defrgn’d in like manner, two So- icants at Law for each Circuit. Thefe Judges give Judg- ineiit of the Pleas of the Ciown. and all Common Pleas within thofe Counties, dil'patching ordinarily, in Two or Three Days, all Controverts in a County, that are grown to Hide in the aforementioned Courts at London, between Plaintiff and Defendants, and that by their Peers, a Jury of Twelve Men, ex viehicto , out of the Neighbourhood where- about the Bulinels lies; lb that twice a Year in England and mles, Judice may be l'aid to be rightly and lpeedily adr nidred even at our own Doors. Of the Government of Co inties, &c. H Aving given a brief Account of the Civil Government of all England in general, next lhall be deferibed the particular Government of Counties, Hundreds, Cities, Bo¬ roughs and Villages. 3|ltffict0 Of tiff JDratC.] For the Civil Government of all Counties, the King makes choice of fome of the Nobi¬ lity, Clergy, Gentry, Lawyers, Men of Worth and Parts, who have their ufual Rclidence in the County; fo ma¬ ny as his Majedy pleafeth, to keep thePeace of the County; and thefe, by Cominiffton under the great Seal, are called 'Injliees of the Peace, at firff {fil’d Wardens of the Peace, and i'uchofthem whom the King doth mote particularly con¬ fide in or refpedf, are called Juflices of the fAatrum ; from thefe Words in the Commidion; Quorum A. 11. unm if vihmiif; that is, fome Bufmefs of more Importance mayn« Part IF. of ENGLAND. i i; te tranfafted without the Prefence or Concurrence < foncu' Oneof the prir.c pal Juftices of Peace and . ' by the Lord Chancellor made Cufitt Rsfnforw, l'o called, becjule lie Intli the Cuftody of the Rolf, or Record, . cf the Selliom, and ii to bring them to each Quaner-S.-f- The Original of Juflices of the Peace is fiom the find dear of Edward the Third. Their Office is ro call before them, examine, and com¬ mit to Prifon all Thieves, Murderers, wandring Rogues, thofe that hold Confpiracie', Riots, and alrnoft all other D:hnj:tm!s, that may occalion the llreach of Peace and Quiet to the Kings Subjefts, to commit all Inch ro Prifon, as either cannot, or by Law are not to be hailed ; that is cannot be fet at Liberty by Sureties (taken for their Appear¬ ance at a place and time certain) and to fee them brought forth in due rime ro Tryal. auarter^tlTlOPJf.J Every Quarter, or Three Months, thejuftices meet at the Chief, or Shire Town, where the Grand Piqued, or Jury of the County is liimmon’d to appear, win upon Oath are to enquire of all Traytors, He-. rericks, Thieves, Murderers, Money-Covners, Rioters, eye Thole that appear to be guilty, are by the laid j’nldi- ces committed to Prifon, to be try’d at the next Alli/es, when the Judges at Wi/lmhiftir come their Circuits afore¬ mentioned. 5)i]Criff0.J For the Execution of Laws in every Coun¬ ty, except Wcflmrhmd and Durham , the King every ' Mitha;!- !W Term nominates for each County t Shrift , focalled from the Sam Gcrcfa, Prapijifa, or Prajccitu Cmitatm, a Go- vernnur or Guardian of the .County ; for the Words of the Patent are, Cmrnifumu tibi esitediam C mil atm mftri de N. and he is properly buffer Pnvimu, he that gathereth a? and accounted to the King for the Profits of the Shire that come to the Exchequer, but call'd in our Law-Latin, lirtfWJ. The Shrift's Office is to execute the King’s M.mints, and all Writsdirefted to hint, ouc of the King’s Courts, m im- pannel Juries, to bring Caufes and Criminals to Tryal, to lee the Sentences both in Civil and Criminal Affairs ex- tcuted, to wait on and guard the Itinerant Judges twice a frit, fo long as drey continue within the County, which at P 3 the ?I4 ffity JDjcItnt &tatc Part II. the Aflizes is performed with great Pomp, Splendour, read¬ ings frc. In order to the better executing of his Office, the 'shiriff hath Attendant his midir-Sheriff divers Ckrb, Stewards of Courts , Bailiffs ot Hundreds, Cohjlffldes, GaoLn, Sergeants ot Beadier, belidcs a gallant Train ot servants m rich Liveries, all on Horfe*back at the Reception ct [be ^Before 9 Ed. 1. lie was chofen as Knights of the Shite are; but to avoid Tumults it is now thus: Every Year, about the beginning of November, the Judges Itinerant nominate Six & Men of each County ; that is, Knights or Efquires of good Eftates; out ot thefe the Lord Chancellor, Treafurer, Prtvy-CminceHors, an Twelve Judges alTemble in the Exchequer-Clumber, and fworn, make choice of three; of which the King himfu after chufeth one to be Sheriff for that year only, tlio’ here- tofore it was many years, and fometimes Hereditary : as at this day to the C titjirdi, who by tbeir Defcent from Rtkrtit Vifmt, are Sheriff! Hereditary of the County of MfimrlerJ, by Charter from King Jelin- . Furthermore, the Sheriff Office is to colleft all publict Profits, Cuftoms, Taxes'of the County, all Fines, Di(W« and Amerciaments, and to bring them into the Kings u- chequer, or Treafury at London, or clfcwhere, as the King fhall appoint : To fupprefs Kiots, execute Writs, lecutc Prifoncrs, diffrain for Debts, empannel juries, attend the judges, fee the Execution of Malefactors, proteft them Iran the Infults of By-ftanders, return Knights and Burgells for Parliament, &e. . The Sheriff of each County hath a double FunSion: Fit#, Mint fieri al, to execute all ProcelTes and Precepts of the Courts of law, and to make Returns cf the fame : Second¬ ly, Juelicial, whereby lie hath Authority to hold Two If veral Courts of diftinft Nature, the one called the sheriff Turn, which he holderh infeveral Places in the County, en¬ quiring of all Criminal Offences againff the Common La®, nor prohibited by any Statute : the other, called the ent¬ ry Cutrt, y.'|icrein he hears and determines Civil Carnes ot the County under Forty Shillings, which anciently was 1 confiderable Sum ; (b that by the'grcatfall of Moneys no®, the Sheriff’s Authority in that part is much diminiW- part II. ol ENGLAND. 21 j No Suit begins, and noProcefs is ferved but by him ; no Execution of the Law but by him. Laftly, he is the chief Confetvator of tiie Peace in the whole County. JSailiffjff.] Every County being fubdivided into Hun¬ dreds (ft. called at firft, either for containing an Hundred Houfes, or an Hundred Men bound to lind Arms) or Wa¬ pentakes, fo called from touching a Weapon when they fivore Allegiance (as the manner at this day is in Sweden, at their folemn Weddings, for the chief Witnelfcs to lay all their Hands upon a Launce or Pike) every fuels Wapen¬ take or Hundred, hath commonly a Baihff, a very ancient Officer, but now of fmali Authority. IPigipConffablC.] Alfo Officers called High Conjidh:, CMi p«cif, firft ordained by the Statute of Wimkftr, il Ed. 1. for the Confervation of Peace, and view of Ar¬ mour ; they difperfe Warrants and Orders of the Juftices of the Peace to each petty-Conftable. Co?oner0.] There are alfo in every County two Of¬ ficers called Comers, whofe Office is to enquire by a Ju¬ ry of Neighbours, how, and by whom any Perfon came by a violent Death, and to enter the fame upon Record, which is Matter Criminal, and a Plea of the Crown, and thence they are called Creamers or Coroners. Thefe are chofen by the Free-holders of the County, by Virtue of a Writ out of the Chancery. They were anci¬ ently Men of Eldates, Birth, and Honour; and therefore in the Reign of Edward the Third, a Merchant being cho¬ fen a Conner was removed, tjut'a cmsnsmms Mercator fair, whereas he ought to have been a Gentleman, and no Tradef- dlcrk Of tl)C S3?arbrt.J Every County alfo hath an Of¬ ficer, called Clerk of the Market, whofe Office is to keep a Standerd of all Weights and Meafures exaftly accord¬ ing with the King’s Standard kept in the Exchequer, and w fee that none other be ufed in the fame County ; to feal all Weights and Meafures made exaftly by the Standard in his Cuftody, and to burn l'uch as are othenvife. He hath a Court, and may keep and hold a Plea therein. P S . C/ Elje P;cfcnt fetat Part ][ Of the Civil Government of Cities, Boroughs, and Villages. [fglapoj anDailDcrmm.] T^Very City of England, by their Charters or Privileges, XI/ granted by feveral Kings, is a little Commonwealth i. part, governed not as the Cities of France and Spain, by a Nobleman or Gentleman placed there by the King, but who!- I y by themfelves. They chufe among themfelves their own Governour. In Cities a Mayor is chofen commonly out cf Twelve Aldermen. In fome other Corporations a Bailiff is chofen out of a certain number of Burgefles. Citizens are not taxed but I y their own Officers of their own Corporation, every Trade having fome of their own always of the Council, to fee that nothing be enafted con¬ trary to their Profit. Every City by Charter from the King, hath Isanti, my tune & haffe Inflict, a Jurifdiflion among themfelves, to judge in all Matters Criminal and Civil, only with this Reftraint, That all Civil Caufes may be removed from their Courts to the higher Courts at Weflminflcr. The Mayor of the City is the King’s Lieutenant, and with the Aldermen and Common-council fas it were, King, Lords and Commons in Parliament;) can make Laws, called By-Lam, for the Government of the City. He is, for his time (which is but for one Year) as it were a Judge to determine Matters, and to mitigate the rigour of the Law. J3o#mg(j0.] Tire Government of Bmughs, and other Towns Corporate, is much after the fame manner. In fome there is a Mayor, in others, one or two Bailiffs, who have equal Power with a Mayor and Sheriffs ; and during their Offices, they are Jufliccs of the Peace within their Liberties, and have there the fame Power that other Juflices of the Peace have in the County. tillage;.] F or the better Government of Villages, the Lord of the Soil hath ordinarily Power to hold a Court Baron, fo called, becaufe anciently fuch Lords were called Barons, Partll- of ENGL AND. 217 Carons, as they Bill are in many parts of Frame ; or *lfe Cart Sana (A e.) Court of Free-liolJeis ; as tlie Barons of Girwar) arc called Frtyberrtu; fo the Barons of tlie Qimjur Pirn in England are but die Frce-liolders of tlie Qiwjtie-Porti: And this Court maybe held every Three Weeks. pitted ontfablcjs.] Alfo for the Government of Vil¬ lages, there is a Pctty-Conjlatle, cliofen every Year by the Lords of the Place, in the Lord’s Court or Leet: This Of¬ ficer is to keep the Peace in cafe of Quarrels; to fearcli any lloufe for Robbers, Murderers or others that have any ways broken the Peace, to raife the Hue and Cry after Rob¬ bers Bed away, to feir.eupon them, and keep them in the Stocks, or other Prifon till they can bring them before fome Juftice of the Peace, to whom the Ctujlabla are fubfervi- ent upon all Occafions, either to bring Criminals before them, ot to carry them by their Command to the common Mon. Every little Village hath almolf an Epitome of Monar¬ chical Government of Civil and Ecdeliaftical Polity with¬ in it felf; which, if duly maintained, would render the whole Kingdom happy. CHAP. XVIII. Of the Military Government of England. I T was a fmart Motto, that the Great Henry the Fourth of France, Great Grandfather to our Gracious King now reigning, caufed to be engraven on Iris great Guns, Ratio c’;;;j'.i Region; intimating thereby, That whenSubjectsre- fufe to llibmit to the Laws of the Land, or Neighbours to the Lav of Nations; then Kings have recourt’e to Force and Arms to bring them to reafon. So long as Subjects are prone to Sedition, and Neighbour Princes and States to Ambition, there will be a necellityof 1 Military Power in every State, both by Land, and like- ivife by Sea, where the Country is any where bordering on the Sea. 01 the Military Power of England, both by Land and Sea, the King of England hath the (ble Supreme Power, Go¬ vernment, 218 2l!)£ Parent £>tate p Jr t ||, vemment, Command and Difpofieioii; And neither one not both Houfes of Parliament have any Right to levy any Forces, or make any War Offbufive or Defenfive, as they have at large declar’d in Parliament, afmn 14. Car. i. Belides his Majelly’s Guards aforemention’d of Ilorfe, there are two Regiments of Foot-Guards, the one confiding of Twenty eight Companies of Eighty private Soldiers it each Company : The fecond called the Cold-f ream Regiment, confining of Fourteen Companies of Eighty private Men in each Company. Thefe have been (ince the Peace of Rf wick reduced almoft to half their number. The firft General Officer is the Pay-Mapr-Gcncral of jS the Land-Forces, who is alfo Survepr of the Guards. An Auditor of the Mufter-Rolls. A Clerk of the Books, who have feveral Clerks Under them. The CommilTary-General of the Mullers, is the Right Honourable Henry Earl of Suffolk, by Patent under the Great Seal of England. Next under him is David C raxftrd Efq; Deputy-Commif fary-General, by Commiffion fioin his Majefty, condamly rending in London, keeps his Office at the Horfe-Guardi at Whitrhall, and gives from time to time fuch Orders to the Deputy-CommilTaries as his Mtjelly’s Service re¬ quires. There are Eight Deputy-CommilTaries, who have their Commiffions from the CtmrnijfiarfGmcrnl ; and the feveral Counties in England and Wahl are divided into Eight Cfr- cuiti, and each Commiflary is to take care to mullet all fuch Forces as at any time comes into his Circuit : immediately after each Muller is taken, the faid Deputy-CommilTariei make a Return of all their Rolls upon Oath to the fad David Cranford Efq; who keeps one Roll of each Tee;; and Company as a Record in his Office; and anotherKoij is deliver’d to the 1‘ay-SlaJler-Gaicral upon Oath, and lign'i by the Commifliiry who mullers them ; and fign’d alfo by two Commiffion-Officers of each Troop or Company, la¬ the Mayor or chie, Magi (Irate where each Troop or Com¬ pany, quarters. Thefe have their diftin‘1 Circuits in the Country, for w liering the Forces which lie in feveral Garifo.is. p J(t n. of ENGLAND. *19 The Secretary at War, who has two chief Clerks; the 1,(1 of which is MelTenger to the Secretary. Thefe Three confiderable Offices are kept at the Horfe- liuaril. The Judge-Advnatc. In the Horl'e-Guards, eadi Troop has an Adjutant. The Marjhal of the Horfe-Guards. * The ChintrgiM-Gcvtral of all his Majeffy's Forces. Of the Standing Militia or Trained-Bands. B Elides the foiemention’d Forces, there is a Standing- Militia by Land of all England, fettl’d in the King, to k Govern’d and Order’d and Enlarg’d from time to time is Ins Majefty (hall fee occafion. They are at prefent com¬ puted to be 200000 Horfe and Foot. for the Management of thefe Handing Land Forces, the King himfelf makes choice of divers of the principal Peers of this Kingdom, and by Commiffion creates them Lord Lieutenants of the feveral Counties of England, with Power to Arm, Array and Form into Companies, Troops, and Regiments, to conduft (upon occafion of Rebellion or InvafionJ and employ the Men fo arm’d, within the Counties and Places for which the faid Lords ire comnaiflionated, or into any other County, as the King dull give order, to give Commiffions to Colonels, or other commiflionated Officers, to prefent to the King the Names of the DcfAtyUtutmanti , who have, in the Absence of the Lsri-Lieutcmnt, the fame Power ; fand thefe are to be of the prime Gentry of the County) to charge any Perfon in the County with Horfe, Horfemtn and Arms, or Foot- Soldiers and Arms, within the faid County proportionably to their Eftates, with Limitation, That no Perfon be charg’d with a Horfe,unlefs he hath yoo /. yearly Revenue, or fiooo l. pofonal Efface; no Perfon can be charg’d with a Foot-Sol- her, unlefs he hath so /. yearly Revenue, or 6001. per- fooal Effate; thofe that have meaner Eftates are to join Two or Three together to find a Horl'e and Heifeman. Qt ‘Foot-Soldier, The 220 ©)c JDjefent &ta;e p art jj The foremention’J Horfe and Foot are to multer once or twice a Year, and each Horfeman during the time of the Muller, to be allow’d him, from whom he ferves aj day, and each Foot Soldier 12 d. a day. For fumifliing Ammunition, and other NecelTaries, the Lori Lieutenant or Deputy Lieutenant may levy every Yen one fourth part (if they judge it expedient) of each Man’s Proportion in the Tax of 70000 I. a Month, upon the whole Kingdom ; and in the cafe of marching again!! in Enemy, they have Power to caufe every Man fo char- ged, to allow each Soldier one Months Pay, which the King is after to repay, before they may be charg’d with another Month’s Pay. Thefe Forces are always in readinefs, with all things ne. ceflary, at the Beat of Drum, or Sound of Trumpet, to appear, multer, and be compleat with Men, Horfe, and Arras; and are at certain times Train’d and Difciplin’d, that they become able, skilful, and ufeful Soldiers. Thefe are to be commanded only within the Kingdom forthefecurity of the King and Kingdom. Subfervient in the Standing Militia to the Lord Lieutmr:. and Deputy Lieutenant ,- are the Jultices of the Peace of every County, who upon all occalions, according to the Orders of their Superiors, are tofend their Warrants to die Iligh-ConJlaMe of the Hundred, or Pcttj-ConJlaUc of the Pi' rifla, ire. XteacotliS'3 F° r the better fecuring of the Kingdom from Foreign Invafion, belides the Ships of War (where¬ of more anon) there are upon certain eminent places of all parts of England high Poles erefted, whereon are fill- ned Pitch Bmreli to be fir’d by Night, and a Smoke midt by Day, thereby to give notice in a few Hours to the whole Kingdom of the agproaching Invafions; Whereup¬ on the Inhabitants in Arms make hade fo the Sea-Coalb. Thefe arc call’d Beacons, from the Saxon Word Beacon, or Beacnian, to lhew by a Sign. In all times of Danger lom: are fet to watch at every Beacon. Anciently there were many CaJIles in all parts of England, but Inland Caftlit generally have been demolilh’d in liner times, or wittingly fuffer’d to decay, that to Rebels they might be no Shelter, to Invaders no Stay, nor to the Inva¬ ded any Refuge in Flight; and confequenily, that there may Part It of ENG LAND. 2li may not be any iingring War again in England, which is thegreaceft Mifery and Calamity that can ever happen to a Nation. In 1588 upon Expedition of the Spmijb Armada, ftil’d Inhabit, there went forth from the Queen Commiffions to mufter m all Parts of England, aH Men that were of per- fc£t Senfe and Limb, from the Age of Sixteen to Sixty ex¬ cept Noblemen, Clergymen, Univerlity-Students, Lawyers, Officers, and fuch as had any publick Charge, leaving only in every I'arifh fo many Husbandmen as were fufficient to Till the Ground. In all thofe Mufters, there were then numbered Three Millions; but of thofe fit for War, abouc Six Hundred Thoufand. In another Muller of Queen Elizabeth, there were found in all England, fit for War, of Common Soldiers, about feur hundred thoufand, and of thofe Arm’d and Train’d One hundred and eighty five thoufand; befides Horfe' near forty thoufimd; and that the Nobility and Gentry were then able to bring into the Field, of their Servants and followers, twenty thoufand Men, Horfe and Foot, choice Men, and excellent Horfes ; and in all, fit for War’ and ready upon all Occafions, Six hundred forty two thou^ find, leaving fufficient to Till the Ground, and to furnilh Trades, befides Nobility, Gentry, &c> Of the prefent Maritime Vomer belonging to the Crown of England. T H E Kingdom of England being a Peninfula, almoll fur- !°™dtd by the Sea, there will always be a Necefii- ty of Maritime Forces; and as Neighbours grow potent it Sea, the King of England will be neceflitated to aug¬ ment Ins Maritime Forces proportionably (how great foe- vet the Charge thereof may bed or elfe to quit his An- cient Right to the Sovereignty of the Narrow Seas, and to luffer Ins Merchants to be abus’d, and their Tralfck every where interrupted. It is true, that in the i^tb of Elizabeth, upon a genera! View and Muller, there were found but Thirteen Ships of war, and one hundred thirty five Ships of confiderable But- *22 SCfoe gjcfcnt &tatr Part H den, belonging to all the Subjects of England. Andin-,1. Yew 1600. her Majefty had but Thirty Six Ships of \V„' and Thirteen or Fourteen Pinaces; the bitjgeft Ship s,, • then 1 Thoufand Tun, carry’d Three hundred and fo ni Mariners, One hundred and thirty Soldiers, and but Thirti Piecesof Ordnance. The IelTer Ships of War were of Ore hundred Tun, Forty or Fifty Mariners, Seven or Ejft Soldiers, and Eight Guns. The Pinaces of Thirty Tm Eighteen or Twenty Mariners, and Two or Four Gum So (mall was the Royal Fleet in thofe Days, when out Neigh hour Nations were weak, and always engag’d with Civil and Foreign Wars. But now , that their Strength t Sea is of late fo prodigioully encrcas’d, it will he mo! expedient for this Kingdom to be always well provided: *nd, God be thank’d, we have a King that underlhmi and takes delight in Maritime AJjairt, and Ships of Wir, and who hath made it his Bufincfs that way to foitific tier Kingdom. The Forces of Potentates at Sea, Stmt det Marita i Gnadatr d'Eftat, faith a French Author, whofoever com¬ mands the’Sea', commands the Trade of the World; berk commands the Trade, commands the Wealth of the WaH, and confequently the World it felf. To the Crown of England belongs the Dominion of ill the Harms Seat round about the whole Ifland of Great Bri¬ tain, and by Arfcient Right thereof it hath had Poffelfci in all times. FirfF, tile Aborigines, or Ancient Britain:, vat polled thereof, fas Mr. Selden makes appear.) and in thth Right the Remans held it : Then the Saxent having Cora: Poflelfionof England, kept that Dominion ; their Kingt gar, amonglf his Royal Titles, calling himfelf Sovertiptf the Narmt Seat. Afterwards the Hermans polTciTing England, claim’d, ml quietly polfefs’d the fame Dominion ; in Tedimony where¬ of the Swedes, Danes, Hans-Towns, Hellanders, Zealander:, &. were wont to ask leave to pals tire Bririih Seas, and to tab Licenfes to filh therein, and to tills Day do (hike Sail to all the Ships of War belonging to die "King of England, u oft as they pafs by anyone of them, lirereby ro exprefsth:! they acknowledge the Sovereign-) of die Britilh 3rd: to b:- long to the King of F.ngiani, according to an Or Mia: made at Hayings in Infix, by 7e«» King oi England, ate! four hundred and fifty Years ago- PartII. of ENGLAND. 22J Hiftories mention a Great Flat of Jtilitu Cafar, a Flat of the aforemention’d King Edgar, coniifting of three thou- iand lix hundred Sail ; a Flat of Louis Son to Philip Kina 0 f Frmt, of fix hundred Sail, that arriv’d at Sandwich to aliiii the Englijh Barons againft King John : But thofe doubt- Jefs were but as fo many Cottages to Cadies, in refpeft of die prefent Ships of War. tor;' VIII. in the Fifth Year of his Reign, built a Ship then accounted the grated that ever had been feen in 'fcr- U, and nam’d it Hairy Grace di Die« , or the Great Henry ■ it was i cob Tun. ’ In the Eighth Year of King James the Firft, was built by the -.Undemr,i Ship of 1100 Tun, and call’d ThtTrades Imalt ; winch being loft in the Eajl-lndics, King James caus’d another to be built of 1400 Tuns; which being gi¬ ven to Prince Henry, was by him nam’d The Prince. We have now many brave Firft and Second Rate Ships • and even our Third Rates are now built fo large and ftrong that they may engage lmgly with a Firft Rate Ship of any The Charges of Building a Ship of the Firft Rate, toge- tnei with Guns, Tackle and Rigging (belides Viftualling) ™ ordinarily amount to about 6 a 5 oo I. Thofe of lower Rates proportionably. To Man the Navy Royal of England requires about Thirty 6x tliouland Mariners; which is not half theNumber which llus ISation could upon occalion number; whereas accord¬ ing to judicious Computation, all the Seamen of France do not amount to above one and twenty thoufand. The Management of all the Naval Adairs of England ms yeiy ancient! 1 ' committed to three lords Admirals of Eng - one f ir the North, another for tRe South, and the thud for the Weft Divilion. Afterwards it was intruded I My in1 One ; and Rickard Fitz Alan Earl cf Arundel was the hrft foie Admiral of England that we read of. At pieient the Admiralty of England is in Commiftion, Md the Commiflioners thereof lit at the Admiralty.Heuje MxChanvg-Cnfs. lhzhrdHigb Admiral hath under him many Officers of and lovv Condition ; fome at Sea, others at Land; ioine of a Military, fome of a Civil Capacity ; fome Fudi- s il, others Mimfterial. So that the Dominion and Jurif- l, Mion of the Sea, may juftly be Ailed another. Ctmmsn- 224 £i)c gjefent $tate Part II, VtM, or Ki'trtw (if art i In Marijmt Rt^adiflMa,,^ jure gentium, pent in arrida Terra, faith Baldus, that learn’d Oracle of the Civil Lav, And the Lord High Admiral of England may fitly be (filed, or at lea ft reputed, as a Vice. Roy of the Maritime Kingdom of England. There is not any Vice-Admiral of England now, that Of¬ fice was lately enjoy’d by the Lord Torrington, who held it by Patent Durante lent placito of the King, and was Lien, tenant of the Admiralty, Navies, and Seas of England, with Wages and Fee of m r. per diem and to s.fer Monti for 1 6 Mentoeach of them, accounting :8 Days to the Month. The Lord High Admiral of England doth, by virtue of his Place, appoint in divers parts of theKingdom his feve- ral l r ue-Admirals, with their Judges and Marfhals by Patent, under the Great Seal of the High Court of Admiralty, Thefe Vice-Admirals and Judges do exercife Jurifdiaion in Maritime Affairs within their feveral Limits; And in cafe any Perfon be aggriev’d by any Sentence or Interlocu¬ tory Decree, that hath the force of a Definitive Sentence, he may appeal to the High Court of Admiral], Court of admiralty. For tranfa&ing of Maritime Affairs the Lord High Ai- miral hath Courts of his own, whereof that at Wuii the Principal or Supreme, where all Procefs and Proceed¬ ings ran in his Name, and not in the Kings, as it doth in all Common Law Courts. In this Court, ufually oi¬ led the Court of Admiralty, he hath a Lieutenant, calll Judge of the Admit ally, who is commonly fome learn’d Dt, of the Civil Lav. The Proceedings in this Court, in all Civil Matters,a according to the Civil Law, becaufe the Sea is without the Limits of the Common Law, but under the Adminh Jurifdiftion ; therefore the Civil Law only fall Common- Law feduded) is made ufe of, and by Libel they pre- Cecil to the ASion, the Plaintiff giving caution to pic- fecute the Suit, and to pay what (hall be judg’d again!, him, if he fail in the Suit; the Defendant on th contrary, fecuring the Plaintiff by fufljcient furety « caution, as the Judge (hall think meet, that he w appear in Judgment, and to pay that which (hall bejtwjj j part. II. of E N G L A D. 22j ed againft him , and that h» will ratifie and allow all ( that his Proftor Hull do in his Name, whereby the Clients are well allured to obtain that which by Law Ml be judg’d to them, let the caufe fall on which fide foever. In the Admiralty Ccurt of England ufe is made not on¬ ly of the Civil Laws, but the Laws of Rhodes and Olenin, whereof the former is an Ifland in the Mediterranean Sea, about ao Miles diftant from the Continent of A- fa Minor, and is now under the Turk, the Ancient Inhabitants whereof, by their mighty Trade and Power at Sea, grew fo expert in the Regulation of all Maritime Matters and Differences, and their Determinations there¬ in were elleem’d fo Juft and Equitable, that their Laws in fuch Affairs have ever lince been obferv’d for Oracles. Thofe Laws were long ago incorporated into the Volumes of the Civil Law; and the Romans, who gave Laws to ra¬ ther Nations, and excell’d all Nations in making of good Laws, yet for their Sea Affairs referr’d all Debates and Controverlies to the Judgment of thefe Rhodian Laws. 0 bon is an Ifland anciently belonging to the Crown of England, feated in the Bay of Ayuitain, not far from the Mouth of the Garonne, where our famous Warriour King Richard the Firft, caus’d to be compil’d fuch Ex¬ cellent Laws for Sea Matters, that in the Ocean Sea, Welhvard, they had almoft as much Repute as the Rhodi¬ an Laws in the Mediterranean, and thele Laws were call’d La Rool d’Oleron. King Edvard the Third (who firft erefted this Court of Admiralty, as fome hold) made at Sysecnborough, 137;. very Excellent Conftitutions .concerning Maritime Af¬ fairs, and many Statutes and Ordinances have been made by other Princes and People, as at Rome, Pija, Gtnoa, Mar- ftides, Barcelona and Mejfma, yet that Fragment of the Rhodian Law ftill extant, with the Comments thereon by the old Juris-Confults, inferred in the ParJeeh, anl the Conftitutions made by the Roman Emperors, contain¬ ed in the Code, qpd in the Novelles, ftill holds the Pre¬ eminence. The Cuftoms and former Decrees of the Englijh Court of Admiralty are there of force for deciding of Controvet- fies. Under this Court there is alfo a Court of Eyatty for determining Differencies between Merchants. Q In 216 Ele pjtffiu State Part 11 . In Criminal Affairs, which is commonly about Piracy, the Proceeding in this Court was by Acculation and In. formation, accoording to the Civil Law by a Man’s own Confeiflon, or Eye-witnefTes, found piilry before be could be condemn’d ; but that being found inconvenient, there wete two Statutes made by Hin. VIII that Criminal Affairs Ihould be try’d by Witnelfes and a Jury, and this by fpe- cial Commillinn of the King to the Lord Admiral, wherein fomeof the Judges of the Realm are ever Commiflioners, and the Trial according to the Laws of England, direfM by thole Statutes. Between the Common Law of England and the Admiral ty, there feems to be Divifum haptrim ; for in the Sea, fo far as the Low-water Mark is obferv’d, that is, counted Infra Corfu Cimitatu ndjaemtit, and Caufes thence awing are Jeterminable by the Common Laws; yet when the Sea is full, the Admiral hath Jurifdiftion there alfo (fo long at the Sea flows) over Matters Jone between the Low-water Mark and the LarvVas appears in'Sir Henry Cmfltbles Cafe, j. Report Cote. P. re 7. For Regulating and Ordering Iris Majefly’s Navies, Ships of IVar, and Forces by Sea, fee rheafe excellent Articles jnd Orders in S;a:. 13 Car. Cap. y. Of the N A V Y-0 F F I C E where the n-iri Py.fns'i weening the King's NAVY- R OYA L is managed. ' 1 TIE •"•.gem. ,t of the Navy-Royal under rhe Lord * VIIt A 0 A 1 HA L of England is entrulled with t e p in t O and Commiflioners of the Navy. The Principal Ojfktn an Fo nr. "iT.ifiirrr,] Whole Office is to receive out of theft, r r l y \varnnt from rhe Lmt Tnajurer of England, or ) nr,.- (-•'uimr.“oners executing that Place, and to pay all ( ngp. ct :i, : Navy, by Warrant from the principal Of- l.ce.-s ot ri.e Navy ; for which he had formerly a Salary of a :o L :: 1 4 a. per annum, bdidcs 3 d. pn Pound out of all Part II. ofENGLAND. u 7 all Moneys pi id by him; but hath now an Honourable Allowance certain from his MjjcOy in lieu thereof, viz. ;ooo /. per annum, anJ 800 1 . per annum more for his In,.’ liniments. Comptroller.] The fecond is the Comptroller of the Navy, whofe Office is to attend and comprrol all Payments of Wages, to know the Market Rates of all Stores belong¬ ing to Slopping, to examine and audit all Treafurers Viftuailers and Store-keepers Accompts, &c. His Salary is jeo /. yearly. ^urbepo?.] The third is the Surveyor ef the Navy whole Office is generally to know the State of all Stores’ anil fee the Wants fupply’d ; to Purvey the Hulls,.Malls’ and Yards, and ellimite the Value of Repairs by Inden¬ ture; to charge all Boatl'wains and Carpenters of his Mijerty s Navy, with what Stores they receive; and at the end of each Voyage, to (late and audit their Accompts. His_ Salary is 500 /. per annum. ■ r Clrrk Of tl): 31ns ] The fourth is Clerk ef the AS; vlicfe Office is to record all Orders, Contrafts, Bills, War.! rants, and other Buftnefles tranfafted by the Principal Of¬ ficers and Commifiioners of the Navy, at the Salary Of The Cemmiljiintrs ef the Navy. The Iirlt executes that part of the Comptroller of the Navy’s Duty , which relates to the comptrojling of the Victuallers Accompts. His Salary joo /. per annum. The Second executes another part of the faid Comp¬ iler's Duty, relating to the Comptrol of the Accompts ot the Store-keepers of the feveral Yards : His Salary is „ Tlle Third refides at Pertfmiuth, and has the cate of ma- "’Sing of his Majefty’s Navy at that Pott : His Sal. is : *>1-per annum. E° Ur tr'i refidcs at and has the fame charge “ Affairs in the King’s Yard there : His Sal. is S oo /, per Q ■ tto EClje Relent State Part II. The principal Officers and Commiffioners, do hold their Offices by Patent under the Great Seal of England. Ad fince the great Increafe of his Majefty’s Navy , hive feveral Clerks under them, with Salaries allow’d by the King, for the difpatch of the Bufinefs of the Navy, under their’refpeftive Managements. [ComraittioncrB fo* Wittuallinjj tlje iftabp.] The Viftualling of his Majefty’s Navy hath formerly been undertaken by Contraft, but is now manag’d by Com- miffioners, who keep their Office on Timr-kll, within the Parilh of St. Bitolph Aldgate. PatM-1 There are belonging to his Majefty’s Navy, Six great Yards, ■viz.. Chatham, Dtptfcrd, Wmlmch, Portfinmb, Shtemfs and Plymouth where his Majefty’s Royal Ships are laid up in Harbour ; which Yards are fitted with feve¬ ral Docks, Wharfs, Lanches, and Graving places, for the Building, Repairing and Cleaning of his Majefty’s Ships; and therein are lodg’d great Quantities of Timber, Mate, Planks, Anchors, and other Materials. There are a,io convenient Store-houfes in each Yard, in which are laid up vaft Quantities of Cables, Rigging, Sails, Blocks, and all other forts of Stores, needful for his Majefty s Navy, "'The King hath alfo another Yard at Harwich, which is chiefly made ufe of in the times of fome great So- War, and there are alfo Officers to take care of the Store- Befides the aforementioned Yards, his Majefty hath divert great Rope-Yards, as at Wmlmch, Chatham, Portfmuth to wherein are made Cables, and all forts of Cordage for ha fll AlUhe faid Officers, and whole Navy-Office, are go vernedby the Lord High-Admiral of England. All the other under Officers, as well thofe in the fever)! Yards, as thofe belonging to any of his Majefty!.Ship hold their Places by W arrant from the Lord High Admird dumtt hint placito. [ Part If. of E N G L A N D. 229 [£ j0rar« Cljarjje of tlje jHabp.] The ordinary Charge of his Majefly’s Navy for a Year in times of Peace, continuing in Harbour, is foweil regu- hted, that it amounts to fcarce 130000 /. befides all Charges of Building of Ships, &c. and befides the fetting forth of Fleets, which even at the time when we had only a War withamounted at leaft to 300000 /. per annum, as maybe ealily computed by the number of Men at Sea m pi)-, which were at feweft, fuppofed to be 6000, and ate always reckoned to hand the King in 4 /. per Menfttn each Man, including all Charges, as Viftuals, Wages, Wear and Q? THE Partlll. of ENGLAND. J2I $«fcitt gbtatc ENGLAND. Part III. Of Manners, Cuftoms, Laws, &c. CHAP. I. Of Religious Manners, viz. of the Clergy ; Heir Name, Orders , Privileges, Revenues, Munifi¬ cence, &c. Alfo of Diffenters from the Efiahlijhed Church. $8tne0.] *"j—' H E Clergy were fo called, becaufe they 1 are God’s Ka»p@- or Portion ; for al. JL though all Chrillians may be fliled Gift Portion as well as God't Senimtt ; yet amongd Chri* ftims, thofe Perfons whom God hath let apart, and fepa¬ nted from common Ufe to his Service, to be, as it were, h« Domellick Servjrats, are more peculiarly the Lord’s Q 4 Portion 2J2 E&e Pictem fetate Part III. Portion : And therefore from the Firft Age of Chriftianity, the Perfons fo fet apart, have been called Cltrici, cbii xn Clergy. JGD?D0rj8.] The Clergy of the Church of England have in all Ages, ever fince our firft Converfion to this prefent Day, confifted of ArcBifjbopi, Bijlipi, Priejh and Dan,;, If anyj Ihall objetl, that Atiflin the Mink was not an Anl lilhop, notwithftanding the venerable Beth gives him that Title; and that Bede writes in the Stile of his own Age; but that no fuch Word appears in the Epiftle of Pop: Gregory, either to Auflin the Monk, or Elemkrini Bilhop of Arlu who confecrated him, we Ihall not contend j let ’em but allow Thcodortu Grecui, the fixth Metropolitan fron Jh&iu the Monk to have had the Srile of Archbilhop, Am 669. Notwithftanding Archbiftiops have a Jurifdiftion Sup:, riour to their Suffragans, yet they are of the fame Order as Bifhops; for we have only thefe Three Orders, Priejl, and Drawn; of which fee Part a. Cap. ro. of Eo clefiaftical Government. But here it may not be unac¬ ceptable to entertain the Reader a little with an ac¬ count of The Solemn manner of making a Bijbip in England. When any Bilhop’s See becomes vacant, the Dean and Chapter of that Cathedral giving notice thereof to the King, who is Patron of all the Biihopricks in England (ex. cept that of the Ifle of Man, whom the Earl of Dirlj names,) and humbly requefting that his Majefty .will give leave for them to chufe another; the King hereupon grants to the Dean his Conge d' EJIire, which in Freud (wherein it was anciently penn’d) fignifies leave to till. Then the Dean fummons a Chapter, or Affembly of the Prebendaries, who either eleft the Perfon recommended by the King’s Letters, or fhew caufe to the contrary- Next, the Ele&ion is certified to the Party elefted, who doth modeftly refufe it the firft and fecond time ; and if he doth refuce it a third time, then that being certified to his Mi- jefty, another is recommended. When the Eleftionis ac¬ cepted by the Party, it is certified to the King, and the Archbilhop of that Prpvince whereupon the King gives his Royal Affent under the Great Seal of which Part III. of ENGLAND. 233 exhibited to the Archbifliop of that Province, with com- mind to Confirm and Confecrate him. Hereunto the Archbifliop fubfcribes/« Cmfirmatio, and gives Commiflion under his Archiepifcopal Seal, to his Vicar-General, to perform all the Afts required for perfecting his Confir- m Xlie Vicar-General then, in the Name of the Archbi- ilrop fends forth a Citation, fummoning all Oppofers of the faid Eleftion, or Perfon elefted, to appear at a certain Time and Place, efpecially affigned, to make their Obje- ftions: This is done by an Officer of the Arches, ufually it Church in Cbiap-jidt, Linden, by Proclamation Three rimes, and then affixing the faid Citation on the Church Door, for all People^ to read, the laid Officer returns sn Authentick Certificate thereof to the Archbifliop and Vicar-General. At the day and place affigned for the Ap¬ pearance of the Oppofers, the Vicar-General fits'; then the Proftor for the faid Dean and Chapter exhibits the Royal Alfent, and the Commiflion of the Archbifliop ; which read and accepted by the Vicar-General , the Proftor exhibits the Proxy from the Dean and Chapter, and then prefents the elefted Bifliop, and returns the Citation, and dtlires the Oppofers to be publickly called Three times; which being done,accordingly heaccufeth their Contumacy; and for Penalty thereof, detires that the Bulinefs may pro¬ ceed, which the Vicar-General in a Schedule by him read and (ubferibed, doth order. -Next, the Proftor giving a Summary Petition, wherein is dedufted the whole Procefs of Eleftion and Confent, defires a time to be affigned to prove it -, which the Vjcar.General admits and decrees : After which the Proftor exhibits the Royal Aflent, with the elefted Bilhop’s Aflent, and the Certificate to the Archbi- fliop, and defires a Term prefently to be affigned to hear final Sentence; which the Vicar-General Decrees. Then the Proftor defires that all Oppofers ftiould’again be cal¬ led, which being thrice publickly done, and none appear¬ ing, nor oppoling, they are pronounced Contumacious, and a Decree made to proceed to Sentence, by a Schedule read and fubferibed by the faid Vicar-General. Then the eleft Perlon takes the Oaths of Supremacy, Simmy, and Caimical CitiUmi. Next the Judge of the Arches reads and fubferibes the Sentence, after which ufually there is an Entertainment JJ 4 JE&e JDtfftnt frtate Partin made for the Officers and others there present i «'hichl t . jngonce done at the Sign of the Kaggt Had in Ui.if.y near the faid B»» Church, gave occalion to our Ad-'eifjl ries of the Romijb Church to affirm that Fable, That ther- onr Biffiops, after the Reformation were confecrated. When a Bilhop is elefttd, anti the Election ionfirmed he may give Inftirution, and du Ills ordinary JurifdiAion' and may lit in Parliament as Lord thereof; according tt Sir Eda, Cate. 4. lnjiit. f. 47. After the Confirmation then according to the King's Mandate, is the folemn Confecration of the EMM fliop; which is done by the Archbilhop, with the AtTiifanct of Two other Bilhops, in manner following : Upon fome Sunday or Holy-day, after Morning-Servict, the Archbilhop beginneth the Communion-Service after I certain Prayer appointed for this occafion, one of tie Bilhops there prefent readerh the EpifUe, 1 Tim. 3. Ano¬ ther readeth the Gofpel, 'John it, and after the HicoitCrui, and a Sermon preached by fome learned Divine upon the Occalion, the defied Bilhop, veiled with his Rochet, ot Linnen Garment, is by Two Bilhops prefented to the Aid- bilhop, or fome other Bilhop commiflioned by liim, fining in his Chair, who demands the King’s Mandate for th: Confecration, and caufesit to be read : Then the Elefl Bi¬ lhop takes the Oath of Supremacy and of Canonical Obedi¬ ence to the Archbifhop. And after divers Prayers, and ft- veral Interrogatories put to the Bilhop, and his Anfwets, the reft of the Epifcopal Habit is put upon him; and after more Prayers, the Elefl Bilhop kneeleth down, and the Archbilhop and Bilhops there prefent lay their Hindi on his Head, and by a certain pious, graveForm of Words, they confecrate him •' Afterwards the Archbilhop doth de¬ liver to the Bilhop Elefl a Bible, with another let Formal Words, and' lb all proceed to the Communion-Service; and having received the Sacrament and the Bleffing, the; tepairfrom Church to Dinner, which is at the Chargee! the Bifliop^Elefl, and is ufual'y very fplendid and magni¬ ficent the greateft of the Nubility, Clergy, Judges, Pri- Vy-Cphnfellors, ire. honouring it with their Prefence ; the Expences whereof, with Fees of Confecration, amounting Wdfnafily to Six or Seven hundred Founds. Tiii part III. of ENG LAND. 23* This Form and Manner of Confecrating Bilhops, is ac- rnniing to the Rule laid down in the Fourth Council of }.,r;hs‘, about the Year 470 generally received in all the Provinces of the liujlern Church Note, That Ijf our Order of Coufaratiw, Dijhopi, it it mi. f it: Sifrl” arc look'd 1:jo011 ,i: a diftuhl Order ij ihiVifrfvu ; „:.i ni only 0: a dtfermt D.grc.frm the reft of the Prcslytcry, ,, [we would I’M* it- Next goes forth a Mandate from the Archbilhop to the Archdeacon of his Dioctfs, to infiall the Bilhop Ele&ed, Confirmed, and Conlecrated : Which Inilalment is almoft on the fame manner in all Cathedrals, and is ufually thus: Upon any Day, between the hours of Nine and Eleven, in the prefence of a puhlick Notary, the Bilhop Elett. or his Proxy; which is ufual, is introduced into the Cathedral Church by the Archdeacon of Canterbury ; by whom all the Bilhops of that Province are inlhlled for elfe by his proxy fometimes ;J and firlt he declares his Aflent to the King’s Supremacy, and fwears, Thatunlefs he be otherwife difpenfed with, he will be refident according to the Cu. Horn of that Cathedral, and obferve the Cultoms of the faid Church, andcaufe others to obfurve the fame- Then the Archdeacon, with the Petty-Canons, and Officers of the Church, accompany the Bilhop up to the Quite, and there place him in the Seat prepared for rhe Bilhops, be- trveen the Altar and the Right fide of the Quire; and then the Archdeacon pronounces thefe Words in Latin, £• II mihritati rnihi cmmijfa, induct dr inrbrenizo Rcvmndum in Clin jit Pa rim Comir.um N. N. Epifeopum, dr Dominos cu- jidia: futm intrtitumdr exitum ix btc nunc, dr in feculim, 8iC, Then the Sub-dean, and the Petty-Canons fmg the Te flora; mean while the Bilhop is again conducted from his own Place to the Deans Scat, and there in token of raking real Pofleffion, he {lands till Te Dcum is ended, to¬ gether with other Prayers, the Archdeacon reading fome Vehicles, as, 0 Urdfavctbiiihyfervant'H, eur Bifiip; (rhe People anlwering ) And Jcnd him Health from tly Holy H«t, tic Then the Archdeacnn reads a fborc Collett for the Bilhop by Name. After Prayers the Bilhop is con- 1 dufted into the Chapter-Houfe, and there placed on a high Seat. Then the Atchdeacon and all the Prebends and Of¬ ficers of the Church, come before the Bilhop, and acknow¬ ledge Canonical Obedience to him. - Finally , the pub- lick 256 %\)t parent §>tate Part III. lick Notary is by tbe Archdeacon required to make in Inftrument, declaring the whole Matter of Faft in this Affair. Then the faid Bilhop is introduced into the King’s Pre- fence, to do his Homage for his Temporalities or Barony, by kneeling down, and putting his Hands between the Hands of the King fitting in a Chair of State, and by ta¬ king of a folemn Oath to be true and faithful to his Ma|efty, and that he holds his Temporalities of him. Laffly, the new Bilhop compounds for the Firff-Fruitsof his Biflioprick, that is, agrees for his iirft Years Profits, to be paid to the King within Two Years or more, if the King pleafes. The Trandation of a Bilhop from one Biflioprick to i- nother, differs only in this from the manner of making i Bilhop, that there is no Confecration. The Trandation of a Bilhop to be Archbilhop, differs on¬ ly in the Commiflion, which is direfted by his Majefty to Four, or more Biihops to_confirm him. Note, that the Dif. ference between an Archbilhop and a Bilhop is, that tilt Archbilhop; with other Biihops, doth confecrate a Bilhop, as a Bilhop with other Priefts doth ordain a Pried ; the Archbilhop vifits a whole Province, the Bilhop only hisBi- ocefs ; the Archbilhop can convocate a Provincial Synod, the Bilhop only a Diocefan Synod: The Archbilhop is Or¬ dinary to, and hath Canonical Authority over all the Bi- fliops of his Province, as the Bilhop hath over all the Prielb of his Diocefs, None may be admitted a Bilhop till he is full Thirty Years old. The Ordination of Priefts and Deacons is Four times the Year; upon four feveral Sundays in the Ember, or f.i/li'ig fVttb, fo appointed firft by the Holy Martyr Catixsu, Bilhop of Rime, about the Year of our Lord aao. that fo all the Nation may at once in their joint Prayers to God, recommend them that are to receive Ordinati¬ on ; which is performed by a Bilhop in a Solemn, Grave, Devout manner, thus: Beacon#.] The Perfon to be ordained , bringing i Certificate to the Bilhop, from the College where he lad re¬ futed, or under the Hands of Three Reverend Divines, who knew him for three Years’laftpaft, touching his Life ana ! part III. ofENGLAND. 2?7 ; Converlation, Ills Abilities, bis Principles, and AfFefiion to¬ wards Church and State ; the Biihop and his Chaplains do literally examine him in Latin, as a farther Proof of his . Abilities and Proficiency in Theology ; and if he be found , fir, and have a Title, that is, Prefentation to fome Vicarage , or Curacy, (for if the Biihop ordains any one before he be ‘ provided with a Maintenance, the Biflrop himfelf is bound ; to maintain him rill he be farther provided ford then the ■ Biihop proceeds to Ordination. After Morning Prayer, there is a Sermon declaring the Doty and Office of Deacons and Prieils; then every one to be ordained, being decently habited, are prefented to die Biihop by the Archdeacon or his Deputy, whom the Bifhop asks, if he hath made due inquiry of them ; and then asks the People if they know any notable Impediment or Crime in any one of them. After follow certain Godly Prayers : Then a Collett, Cpiflle, and Gofpel. But before the Gofpel, the Oath of Supremacy is adminiffred to every one of them ; and the Biihop putteth divers Godly Queffions to them; which being anfwered, they all kneel, and he laying his Hinds upon them fevcnlly, doth ordain them Deacons; then delivers to every oncofthem the New Tdbament, and gives them Authority to read the fame in the Church : Then one of them appointed by the Biihop, reads the Gof¬ pel; and then all, with the Biihop, proceed to the Commu¬ nion ; and fo ate difinilTed with the Blelling pronounced by the Biihop. Ityfllfi.] The Ordination of Prieffs, is partly in the fame manner, only the Epiffle and Gofpel are different; and af¬ ter the Queffions and Anfwers made, the Biihop puts up a particular Prayer for the/n ; and that'ended, he detires the Congregation to recommend them to God fecretly in their flayers; for doing of which there is a competent time rf general Silence : then follows Vtm C rcatir Spiritus in Metre to be lung ; then after another Prayer, they all kneeling, the Biihop, with one or two of the grave Prieffs there ptefent, layeth his Hands upon the Head of every one of them feverally, and gives them Ordination, in a grave fee form of Words, different both from that of Bilhops, and that of Deacons; the reff as in the Ordaining of Deacons- None is to be Ordained Pried till he be Twentyiour years c ' Age, nor a Deacon under Twenty three. Zht p.jrfeiif’jasffitc Part 11(. Hoar r. CLri-y-m.hi become; J,t!'d :n a Livin’, i$8 Upon the Vacancy of a Church by death ofthebrl I : . cumbcnt, Rcfliination or the like, the Clergyman dt.ir.r; tol'ucceeil, mull juftlv, honourably, ami fairly procure] Prdentation from rhe true Patron : And lie mnil tab fpccial caicthat lie doth not procure ir by any i’romift. Contrail, or Agreement, direftly or indiredlly, which mi/ make him become Simmiacus ; or that any Body on hi] behalf make any fticli Gmtrafl or Agreement, lie liimfeif being privy or not privy thereto, whereby he may enter the Church Simmhu ;; for that’s the DiBinflion; and bots cafes of Simoniatus, and Siimniati, are utterly unlawful; and fo much the more heinous, Vcaufe Perjury muBenfue: For no one can be admitted into a Benefice before lit take a Solemn Oath againft Simmy, viz. That he is nor Gi¬ rt ft ly or indirectly privy to any fucli Agreement; anti if any one unknown to him, hath on his behalf made any fucli Simmiaca! Contradf, that he will in no wife Band by it, or -anfwer ir. Now by Simony is miderftood not only an Agreemtr,; for Money in hand paid, or yearly to be allow’d, but ai- quid aliud emohiitentttm pafto interval!mte, as the Words of the Ea/’iijh Canon are, Mnno taa9. Lindwood: any other Pre- fir, Emolument or Advantage ; and the Words of the Sta¬ tute of j 1 Bliz. t. 6. are, Sum of Mom’}, Reward, Gif’, Proft, or Benefit, direftly or indirefty, for or by realm of any Prmilt, jlgreiment, Grant , Bond, Covenant, or other sijfurance, Sec And this holdsnot only in Acceptance of a Living, hut likeivift in Exchange or Relignarion- The Penalty of this Statute is, that the corrupt Perron (lull forfeit the next Prefentation to the Kng, and two Years Value of the Living ; not according to the Valuation in the King’s Books, but according to tiie true and utrnoB Va¬ lue of tiie Benefice. And tiie corrupt Incumbent (hall be for ever difabl'd to have and enjoy the fame Living- Having therefore obtain'd the Confenr /,f the Patron law¬ fully and honourably, he mull get a Prelentarion ligu’dar-d feal’d by him in this 01 lbme fucli like l-'trm -• Part III. of ENGLAND. Form of a Prefentation to a Living. lan-wh in Chriflo PatTi & Dmini, H- divine perm fane . nj™ vicarh in fpirituMm gmtrali, A, B Ar- ■p iMnatus Pacnma Ecclcfa PancbMh dt C. mCtmi- ,:,D. S.i.ut.min Vomim [irr.piurnam. M Eccleftam dt Ca 1 ,* jcprt Ditc’fiu imd> pit mortem, (if void by the Jem of the lad Incumbent; or, »n* per nfignatimm, if |tytilignanon ; or , per Cflmm, if by taking a Second Li- without Qualification ; or, per Deprivatimem, if by ivationy fc. r. uliim mambatis ibidem pm vacanttm dir luvnmdmMuncm plem jure fpechntan ; dilelhm n ihx in Cn: P G.H Ckrmm in Art,km Magijlrm Paternitati vc- ^(r/lnri, bum,liter Sappheant ejuatenu, prafatum G H U idmitchfiam admit, nt, eum T , Reform, (if it be a Re- |f!ot)', en licartum if a Vicarage) ejufdm Eccleji* injhiuere & ptrtintntin iiniverjh, ceeteraej-, expedire. Xrigere 'Jr vtjln in bee parti incumbunt Officii pajhrali, hit prxfentilm’i ixj-11 ni teflimiuium hitprtfentibu't lirii t m “Z ' iie M- amK T< R, i ni Dmini «/?« • ' J 'r"; ^G-'-.A'igl.at.Scotix, Francis: & Hibernia, luin Dtftnfirif, &c. decimo slimy, Dmini 1702. Which Prefentation, the Clerk prefented mud carry to Jcliilhopof that Dioccls m which the Church is, or to ti lr dnn' G o e f n , C | nl " d W ' ho kn , e 'T him wel1 fur three Years ^ «'« S've a good Account of his Vcrtue, Uni¬ tary, and Learning, in this,or feme fuch like Foma Form of a Teflimonial. Cm /tniifjrus prdatut Ecclefi* Anglican* m,J! t , utquiaj mjudtum viu pribitateni adjoint, public* be ZntTT teJlh T‘ > 5 ’**> ; imp, a (tint, tcjlamur, penptam erudition & diltBim 240 JE&eJBjerent i&tatf Partlll. mbis in airifio, A. B. in Artibnt Magiflrum per tritmm proxime elapfum aljidumn Officii hit optram dedifyjitam r , £ MW full pie&Jtbrie infliiuife ■, dignmnf, jiidicamut pili quidlibet mnm in Eetlefia promoveatur, & quam He to , } „:i, mm toncepimut tandem apod omnet hbtre profitmur. In top, ni ttfiimmium Jigilla nojlra prefentibus appoJmmm.Dat.dii.bl Amo Horn. 1701. Such a Tedimonial as this is always indifpenfably requi¬ red before holy Orders are conferr’d ; and fometimes the Bilhop demands it even from a Pried, before he admits him t0 W) lb that at this day a mean Gen¬ tlemen of 100 1 . Land yearly, will not change his worldly State and Condition with divers Bilhops. ,An Attorney, a Shop-keeper, a common Artifan, will hardly change theits with ordinary Pallors of the Church. Some few Bilhopricks do yet retain an Honourable Reve¬ nue ; ambngft which the Bilhoprick of Durham is account¬ ed one of the chief, the yearly Revenues whereof are about 3180 /. fir Annum. Of this and other principal Bilhopricks, the Revenues have been much diminilhed, fome’enjoying not a fourth part of tHeir ancient Rights- The great Diminution of the Revenues of the Clergy, and the little care of augmenting or defending the.Patrimony of the Church, is the great Repiotch and S'hame of the Etah'h Reformation, and ’tis tube lor d will one Day prove ihe Rum of Church and Stile- Ju. Partin. of ENGLAND. 249 Judicious Mr. Hooker (who in the Preface of his Works, foretold our late Troubles forty Years before they came topafs) obferving in his time how the Church was every day robbed of her Dues, and that it was then an Opinion life, ['liar to give to tki Church fruit of Judaifm and Pope? n, and to take from the Church tobet our rlnceflon had given, Ml Reformation] declared that what Mojes faith in the 90th tjolrn, was likely to be verified, of Religion, and God’s Ser¬ vice amongd us, the time thereof may be Seventy Years j if if continue till Eighty, it will be but fmall Joy to tliofe that lhall then behold the Condition of the Enghjb Church ; nor can the bell-read Hidorian produce one Example of a Happy State, w here the Clergy hath been expol'ed to the Peoples Contempt, which mull happen where their Benefices, their Maintenance is lcandalous, and thereby their I’erl'ons defpicable. It is the lad Trick, faith St. Gregory that the Devil hath in the World, syhen he cannot bring the Word and Sacraments in difgrace by Errors and Herelies, he in¬ vented this ProjeCt to bring the Clergy into Contempt and low tdeem, as it is now in England : Whereas anciently in England (as among the Jtwt, Hie Tribe of Levi was counted noble above all other Tribes , except that of the Royal Tribe of Judah) the Function of the Clergy was of fo high Account and Edeem, that not only the bell Gentry and Nobility, bmdis'ers of the Sons and Brothers of feveral (1glijb Kings lince the Conquelf, and before, dildained not to enter into Holy Orders, and to be Clergymen, as at this Day is praftis’d in moll other Monarchies in Chridendom. phelmlph, Son and SuccelTor to Egbert, frit foie King of England, was in Holy Orders,’ and Bifliop of Winchcfrr at his Father’s Death. 0 do, Bifliop of Bayeux in Normandy, )vas Brother to William the Conqueror. Henry de Bloit, Brother to King Stephen, was Bifliop of Wimhcfler- Gcofry Plantage- ;ut,' Son to Henry the Second , was Bifliop of Linedn, Henry de Beaufort, Brother to Henry the Fourth, Was Bilhop alfo of Winchefer : And of latter times, that mod prudent Henri the Seventh had defign’d his fecond Son to be a Cler¬ gyman , to omit many other of noble Blood'; which Policy is dill obferved even amongd the few Families of the Hetmifb Religion in England ; wherein are to be found at this Day fome Brothers or Sons of Dukes, MarquilFes, Earls, and Barons in Holy Orders, and mod of the red of 2jo EIjc gnfcnt &>tatc Part III, of the Stock of Baronets, Knights, or Gentry ; and for this Cauie find Refpeft, not only amongd thofe of their own Opinion, but even of the moll fober, moderate, and bed civiliz’d Protelhnts. Nor is this prefent Age wholly deftitute of this Honour; witnefs the prefent Bilhop of Linden, Dr .Compton, Brother to the Earl of Northampton. Dr. Fant, late Brother to an Earl of Wtjimorland. Dr. Finch, Son to the late Earl of Winchelfea. Dr. Montague, Uncle to the Earl of Sandtcnch. Dr. Grccnvile, late Dean of Durham, Brother to the Earl of Bath. Mr. Berkley, Son to the Earl of Berkley. Mr. Edvard and Mr. Charles Finch, both Brothers to the Earl of Nottingham. Dr. Bwth, Unde to the Earl of Warrington. The Right Honourable the Lord Crew Bilhop of Durham. Dr. Grahme, Dean of Carlijle, Brother to the ute Lord Vifcount Prehtn. Sir Jonathan Trtlamcy, Knight and Baronet, Bilhop of£»- Sir William Daws, Knight and Baronet, Mailer of Cathi- rine-Hall, Cambridge. Sir George Wheeler, Prebendary of Durham. And many others now living, or lately dead. • And when this Policy was more in ufe, the Clergy were judged the fitted Perfons to execute mod of the chief Of¬ fices and Places of the Kingdom (according to the Divine Policy amongd God’s peculiar People, where the Prieds anti Levites were the principal Officers and Judges in every Court, to whom the People were to be obedient on the fevered Pain) and the Laity did with much Reverence and Rel'peft fubmit to them, and as then, Or Sactrdotts Omn¬ ium eric pubis, (according to that of Malach. Chap. a. 7 ) So, Os Epifcopi Oractthm erat Regis & Regni, & Res ample- lUbatur tinivtrfum Cltrutn heta fronts, &cxeo femper fisi di¬ p-bat prim'is a Confliis, primus ad Offcia Regni cbeunda. Pri- >/./' igitu* Irdebant in omnibus Regni Comitiis & Tribunalilui l.y'iem, in Regaii ejaidm Palatio cum Regni Magnatibus,inCo- wUatH mia cum Comite, in Turin cum I'icecomi'te, & in Hun¬ dreds cum Domino 'ilimdrcdi, dr nihil ir.confulto Saccrdoit ml The Right Honourable the Lord Alt ham, Dean of 'Exct Uncle to the Earl of Anglcfey. ParclII. ofENGLAND. 2-;r E;dc:?°,^ r ‘t:ir. And this Union of Civil and Ecclefiaflical Perfons Authority and Courts of Judicature, did continue, asi.'i/iii /■ 2. dt Syncdriis, makes apparent above four tlinu- fand Vears amongll God’s own People, both Jews and Chriilians, till Pope Nicholas tile bird, about the Eighth Century, to exclude the Emperor from medling in the l:c- delialiical Government, began to exclude the Clergy from medling with the Civil , Vide Grat. dijlinc. C. cum ad Hutto return to our Bifhops, upon whom the Weal of this Kingdom, and the Service of the King fomuch depended, and their Pretence for that end fo 'much required at Louder,, (hat it was judged expedient, that every Bilhoprick (houid hive a I’aiace or Houle belonging to it, in or about London ; and it is known at this Day where flood the Houfes of e- very one, except that cf Sr. aijapb, which alfo might pro¬ bably have had one. Great was the Authority of the Clergy in thofe Days, and tlidir Memory flaould oe precious in thele Days, if we confidcr, that they were the Authors of fo great Benefits and Advantages to this Kingdom, that there are few things cf any importance for promoting of the Welfare of this Church and State, wherein the Bifhops and Prelates, under God, have not been the principal Inftruments. The excel¬ lent Laws made by King lud, King Athcljlan, King Edmond, and St. Edward the ConfelTor, from whom we iiave our Common Laws, and our Privileges mentioned in Magna China, were all made by the Perfwalinns and Advice of Archbifliops and Bifhops named in out Hidories, TheUr.i- on of the Two Houles of York and Lancaficr (whereby a long and bloody War was ended) was by the mod wife Advice and Counfel of Biihop Morton, then a Privy-Counfel- lor. The Union of England and Scotland, that inexprellihie Advantage to both Nations, was brought to pals by the long forelight of Reverend Biihop Fox, a Privy-Counfcl- lor, in adviling Henri VII. to match his elded Daughter ro Scotland, and his younger to France. Mod of the great pub- lick Works now remaining in England, acknowledge their ancient and prefent Being, either to the lole Cod and Char¬ ges, or to the liberal Contributions, or at lead to the power¬ ful Perfwafions of Bifhops, as mod of the bed endowed Col¬ leges in both our Univerltties, very many Hofpitals, Chur¬ ches, Palaces, Cadies have been founded and built by Bi- zji ffibe giefent J&tatf Part HI. (hops, even that famous, chargeable and difficult Strufture of Lcndon-ljridge (lands obliged to the liberal Contributions of an Archbifhop ; and it was a Bifhop of tendon, at whofe earned Requed William the Conqueror granted to the City of Unden fo large Privileges, that the Lord Mayor and Al¬ dermen upon fome folemn Days of their refort to St. Paul's Church, did, before the late dreadful Fire, go in Pro- ccfiion about the Grave-done where that Bifhop lay in- But above all, the converting England to the Chriftian Religion, the reforming that Religion when corrupted ; and fince that, the maintenance of the Doftrine thereof, againd all Reini/h Writers, and of the Difcipline thereof (none of the lead good Offices) againd all the Praftices and Power of the Puritan and Presbyterian Fa&ions, and all thofeotlie; SeQories lineally defcended from them- All this, and mote 5 s owing (if not folcly, yet principally) to Bifhops and Prelates;, by the late want of*whom to fit at the Stern, how foon was this goodly Veflel fplit upon the Rocks of Anarchy and Condition! Even fince the late Rcdauration of Bifhops, to fet down the many confiderablc and publick Benefices flow¬ ing from them, and othet dignified Clergy, would tife it: Reader. I have been very particular in my former Editions ;s to the Beneficence of our Englijh Bifhops, in Founding, Building, and augmenting Schools, Colleges and Hafpi- tals, in repairing of Cathedral Churches and Epifcopil Houfes in their magnificent and ufeful Works ( as the Theatre at Oxen, intirely built at the foie Charges of Do Gilbert Sheldon Archbifhop of Canterbury (who liltewife gave a conliderable Eflate'to the Univerfity for the keeping it in condant Repair,) publick Libraries, and the like; in the Redemption.of Captives from Algiers, all the Englijh thi: were Slaves there being at once redeemed by the Englijh Si- Jhig-; In Augmentation of poor Vicarages to 80 I. per dr- -in m: In Subfidies, Poll-Money, Benevolences, Fit#- Fruirs, C'c- Abatements to Tenants; in furnifhing Chin¬ ches and Chappels with Plate, and other decent Ornaments, buying of Impropriations, relieving fequeftred Clergymen, their Widows, and diftrelTed Cavaliers, even during time that they themfelves were fequedred. partlll. tf ENGLAND. *Si In there and fuch like particulars you may there fee that Dr. William Juxon, Archbifhop of Canterbury's Beneficences amounted to— - --64000 I. Dr. Gilbert Shtldm - . . 57000 l. Dr. Fretoen, belide Abatements—— --1 5000 !• Dr.Co/in; -66000/. Dr. Warner --——* 1 i J ■ -59600 1 307600.’. Befides the Deans and Chapters there mentioned. .187800 Sum Ttta l • .495400 The rell doubtlefs parted with their.Money proportio- nably. 'Tis true, thofe Bifliops, Deans, and Prebendaries had much greater Abilities than ours at prefent have, to do what they did, the three or four firft Years after the Re- ftauration of the Royal Family bringing them in much more than their ordinary Revenues. During the Vacancy of a See, or when the Bifliop is employed by the King in publick Negotiations beyond Sea, the Law provides an Officer in his place, to whom Pre- fentations may be made, and by whom Inftitutions, Ad* millions, may be given, which Officer is called Gum- dian if the spiritualinu. The Office is fometimes executed by k 2)4 JBjrfnu §>[(itc Pari Hi, by the Archbilhop of the Province, or his Vicar-Genetil, or the Dean and Chapter of the vacant See. All Clergymen ate in England fas anciently among God’s own People the 'Jews, and amongft the primitive Chriftians fo fooil as they Were under Chtiltian Emperors) judged fit to enjoy divers Temporal Honours and Employ. I'jrfl. To be in the Commiflion of the Peace ; for who ■ fo proper to make and keep Peace, as they whole conllant Duty is to preach Peace ? Who fo fit as they whofe main bulinel's ami ftudy is to reconcile thofe that are at variance' And therefore lince his late Majefly, King Charles his hap. py Reflauratibn, as well as before, divers grave, difereet Divines have been made Jufiices of the Peace, and there¬ by not only the poor Clergymen have been preceded from the Opprcilion of their caufelefs Enemies, but many dif¬ ferences have been compofed without any Law-fuit, in a more Chriftian and lefs earpenlive way. Moreover the Archbilhops and Bilhops were called by 011 Anceliors to their Witena-gmtte or Parliament, not lo much in tefpeft of their Tenure (for in thofe Days all their Te¬ nures were by a Frani-Armignt ) as fot their Gravity, Learning, and Wifdom, as appears by Britten Ghmvile, and • Braelen. ■ Secondly, To be of his M iefty’s Privy-Council, where frequently Cafes of Confidence may arife , relating to ■ State matters, that will admit neither of delay nor Publi¬ cation, and therefore after the Pattern of that excellent Chriflian Emperour Cmjlantint thi Great, out good Kings, before and fince the Reformation, have always admitted ibme Spiritual Pcrfons to their Council-Tables, andClofet- debates. Thirdly, To he employed in publick Treaties and Ne¬ gotiations of Peace, and this both the ancient and modem praftice will juftifie, that none have been more frequently and I'uccesfullyufed in fuch Meffages, than the Ambairadurs of Cluift : Of which the Reverend Mr. Hill, his MSjefty's late Envoy atthe Court of Brufelt, and the Reverend Alt Bolsinjen in Sttrtden, are living Instances. fourthly, To efijoy fbme of the great Offices of the Crown, as to be Lord Chancellor, Lord Treafuter, &t- . and it hath been obferved, that in a late Reign, when the Klhop of Undin was Lord Treafuter, that Office was execu¬ ted Part III- of ENGLAND. teJ with as much Diligence, Fairhfulnefs, Dexterity and Content to the Subjcfl as well as to the King, as it ever lnil been by his Lay Predecelfors. I Bull only add, that in the glorious Reign of that Wife and Experienced King Edward, III. the Lord Chancellor, Lord Pri*y-Sc^I, Mailer, of the Rolls, Ten Mailers in' Chancery, Chief Chamberlain of the Exchequer, the Re¬ ceiver and Keeper of rile King’s Treafure and Jewels, Clerk of the Privy-Seal, Trcafurerof the Houlhold, Mailer of the Wardrope, one of the other Chamberlains of the Ex¬ chequer, Surveyor and Comptroller of the King’s Works, Trealurer of Inland, and he for Guifnes and Calais were all Clergymen. DISSENTERS. T il E Inhabitants of this Land b'eigg a fenlible and ci¬ vilized People, are generally much addifted to Reli¬ gion, and whereas in thole Countries where the Ro mat Citklick Religion is National, Ignorance is the Mother of De- People of the bed parts being lead affefted with a Religion fo contrary to Realbn; here in England thofe who are of the bed Capacities are generally mod Devout; and again, the devouted Men of this Church are always the belt Moralids, which (hews their Devotion to be un¬ feigned and without Hypocrifie ; but the greated blemidi to Religion'amongd us is, the pittyable number of Dijfen- ttr; from the edablilhed Church, fome prejudiced by Edu¬ cation, fome by Senliiality, fome by Intered , and fome few by a mifguided Zeal, for having repented of their for¬ mer ill Courl'es; whild they call themfelves Members of the Climb of England, they think they cannot throughly change their Lives without changing their Religion too, becoming like dray Sheep , an ealie Prey to the next Claimer. If we divide the People of England into fio parts, perhaps live of them are fuch DilTenters of all forts who never come to the publick Service of the National Church. ' Two parts who hold Communion with the National Church, and with their own particular Se£l at the fame fane, asoccafton or opportunity offers. Thefe are a foolilh ’ and 2 j6 JCIjc JDitfent §>tate Part III. add inconfiderate People, who ire litHe valued by either fide, by reafon of their Incortdancy ana Prevarication with ' God. and {di an, efpecially if it appears to be done upon a feltilh and Temporal Account. Three parts are thefe, who being in condant Commu¬ nion with the Church of England, lildom or never joyn- ing openly with any other, feem nevcrthelefs fomevvhat dilplealed with the Church, and the only Reafon they continue in it, is, becaufe they are more difpleas’d with every Seft of the Dilfenters from it; for they acknowledge this to be the bed form of Religion in the Country ; but this they (having new Schemes in their Heads; would re¬ form or rcf\ne. The molt undemanding of this fort of Men have a Po. litick Third after fuch a Reformation, in hope by that means to comprehend many of the more moderate Dilfenters, and to bring them into Communion with the National Church; and fuch a delign was fet on foot in the beginning of this Government in Convocation, where all things of that na¬ ture ate firlt to be debated ; but few of the Dilfenters at that titne (hewing any willingnefs to be fo comprehended, and dome of the Heads of them confedtng ingenioully, that all fuch Attempts would prove fuccefslefs, without quite dilfol- sting our frame of Church Government, the whole bulb nefs fell. And indead thereof all Protedant Diflcnters from the Church (except Antitrittitmms) ate tolerated lb long as they Jive peaceably and conformably in the State , and every Man in England doth now enjoy a free Liberty of Confcience; and Ufe of what Religion bed pleafes him. The DilTenters from the Church of IngUnd are of thefe five lorts, Libertine:, ^apijl:, jdnabaptip, Independent: , and Prtihuriuni. Firjl, By Liberum:, we mean thofe that live ad libitm , whether they he Meigs, Scepiich, Dei (Is, and the like ; of thefe there are not many among us, at lei(twile profelledly fo, and thofe that be are a Vain, Fantadick, Unthinking People, Ibme of whom having a little fniattering of Learning, at# troublefome with it to themfelves and the red of Mankind. Thefe Men have fome fuperlieial Know¬ ledge in fecond Caufes, but for want of due Confidents on, they are altogether ignorant of the firft Mover, and ►. d Pir ,III. of ENGLAND. i )7 of his Reveal’d Will; fo that fuppofing themfelvesto be Wife, they become Fools : And from a long Indulgence to the Gratifications of b'enfe, they fell into the Want of all abftra&ed Notions and Thoughts, and have no di- flinft Apprehenfion of any but meer fenfirive Tilings, till a little before their Death,when the Soul begins to leparate, hand off, or loofe from the Body, then they attempt to unfold the Original Idea’s, but not without Horror and Confufion. Tic Namier if Jews and Socinians asmngjl us is JIM mire imfUrablc. Siccndly, Papi/ls we have many, yet not fo many but that in the late Government, when they all appear’d publickly, it was, and is a Wonder how the Deligns of that Handful of Men could put the whole Nation into fuch Convul- I may note here, to the Honour of the Church of Eng- Imi, who only durll oppofe the Craft and Violence of the Bigotory towards Rome in King James II’s time, that except¬ ing a few, udio were corrupted with Money, even then there appear’d fcarce any but who were born of Popilh Pa¬ rents, or who were at lead bred up in the Communion or favour of that Church, from their Infancy. And whereas fome of the molt inconliderable Diflenters would formerly charge the Church of England with Incli¬ nations to the Church of Home ; the many learn’d Trea¬ dles publiihed, the many Triumphant Deputations held, the many Sermons every where preach’d, in'bold, and open Defiance to Ronsr, and the ftrong Refinances made by the alone Members of the Church of England, againfl all the Allurements and Threats that were then ufed, hath not only powerfully quaihed that Calumny, but might very fe. verely retort it, if it were not a Church of the mold for- givingtemper in the World. 3. slnabaptifls are of two forts : Firfl, thofe who go vul¬ garly by that Name; and,Secondly, thofe who ate ddlin- guilh’d by the name of Quakers. The ainalaptijh which go by that Nam 4 area more rea- fonable fort here in England than thofe of Flanders and Gcr- nsan ]; very few of ours are fo Wild, Extravagant, and En- thuliafiical as thofe abroad : Tliefe fubmit themfelvesto Ci¬ vil Government; and the chief Article of their Diffent in Religion; is concerning Psedebaptifm, which they hold un- S reafona- 2j8 JEljepjcfcnt&tate Part Hi, reafmable : Yet there is in many other things fome of the Iltmijl Leaven dill among them, as accounting tliemlehes the only pure Church ; are envious at the Cihblifli’J Church ; abhor paying of Tithes, and aflfeft Parity : But th.ir which is word of all, fome of them have (hinge No. tions concerning out Blelfed Saviour and his Incarnation, the Ho!v Ttmitv, the Soul of Man, &c. Some of thefe, as well as Shaken, are great Admirers of Jacob Behmin anil his f .rtof Cant; and many of them are clofely wrapt up in itoprafian Divinity ; they look upon all Liturgy and Cc. lemonies as Popilh, allow that Laymen may adminifter Sa¬ craments, expelf an univerfal Monarchy of Ohrid here on Earth Some of them are call’d Bromiijls, from Rabat Brom of Uorthamplonjhirt, butthereare fome BromiJIi who allow of Padohaptifm. Familip, or the Family of lent, we have fcarcc any remaining: Mamins none ; But here are fome Anttntmians, who hold, That no Tranfgreilion is Sin inthe Children of God : Traikills now called Scvmi- day-men, who keep the Jevijl Sabbath : AntifMatarians, who keep none at all ; and the Muggletonians are fcarce extind, who fay, That God the Father leaving the Government ot Hea> en to E'ias, came down on Earth and differed in Humane Form; thefe deny the Holy Trinity, the Cre¬ ation of Earth and Water, the Immortality of the Sou!, Religious Minidry, and fome of them, Magidratual Au- thority. ScUlker#.] The other fort of Anabaptifts are called Qisakirs ot Shakers, from the Trembling and Quaking, call- fed in them by Vapours in their Ecllatick Fits, elpecially after long Fading, an Exercife very much praftifed by the fird Difciplesof this Scft here in England, but of latealmoa wholly diflufed. We have ftrong Motives to believe, that this Sect was fet a foot here in England, and propagated by the Induftry of Item'll F.miffaties, fent on purpofe from Spain and /i*)i in the time of the late Troubles: Mr. VAlliam Prynn made many pertinent Difcoveiies of it, in feveral of his Tit* tiles; wherein he fliews their very near Alliance to the Order of Fraticifcans, who ever propagated their Doftrine here in England ; the fird Author of their Opinions, not to mention Agreement in fome only Particulars with diicrsllereticksof old, feemstohave been Cafpar SchwirA- plains of OJJmg, a Nobleman of Siltjia, who died PartHI. ofENGLAND. 2/9 id; 1.from whom they are called abroa iSclmcnekfeUi/uu, and by Tome, their pretence to Infpiration. He taught that the Scripture was a dead Letter; That Men cannor be converted by the means of external Miniftry, but mscrly by Villons, Infpirations, and Raptures: He denied the Divine Nature of Chrifi while he was here on Earth, and the Humane Nature, after his Afcenfion into Heaven ; affirms that Baptifm is of noufe in order to Re¬ generation j that the Body and Blood of Chrifi are not exhibited in the Eucharift; his Followers neglefbed the Uie of the Word and Sacraments, and pretended to deter¬ mine the precite Year in which the Day of Judgment lhal! happen. Uponthefe Tenets out Englijb Quakers have improv’d. They rejeft Minifterial Ordinances, and place Religion wholly in the inward Light of every Man’s private Spirit, and. how different foever the Impulfes of one Man’s Spirit are from another, and how different Notions foevet they create, they account it all the fame Light infufed by the Spirit of God in different Meafures and Degrees. They agree with other Anaiiqtift! againfl: Infant Baptifm, and go far beyond them, even to the neglecting all Baptifm, and the other Sacrament of the Eucharill, all Human Learning, Appropriate Places and Times of Worfliip, and abhor paying of Tithes: They praftifed formerly Abftb nence and Self-denial, hut now of late none are prouder and more luxurious than the generality of them: They formerly wore plain and courfe Clothes, now the Men wear very fine Cloth, and are diftinguilh’d from others only by a particular (haping of their Coats, a little pleated Cravat, and a (lender Hat-band; the Women neverthelefs wear Flower’d, or Strip’d, or Damask Silks i and the (weft Linnen cut and pleited, in imitation of Lace; but they wear no Lace or fuperfluous Ribbons; however they are extreamly nice in the choice of Taylors, Semffrefles and Laundreffes. Thofe of the Men who wear Perriwigs, have ’em of genteel Hair and Shape, tho’ not ldng : They are as curious in their Meats, and as chearful in their Drink, and as foft in their Amours, and as much in the Enjoy¬ ment of Life as others. t They have generally deny’d the Trinity of Perfons in the One Godhead, the Refurreftion of the Body ; the In¬ carnation of Child (which they feem to look upon as a S a Figure) 260 SCIjc pjcfctit &tate Part HI, Figure) the Locality of Heaven and Hell, and many other Catholick Tenets- ■ IntCVnUJanW.] Imtcpmfar.ts are a Seft lately fprunguj from the Bmnifii. Tliel'e have no general Cliurch-Govern- menr, tut each particular Congregation is ruled by their own Laws and Methods without dependance on one ano¬ ther j look upon Tithes as Superditious and Judaical pare againlt all fet Form of Prayer, even the Lord’s Prayer. They give Power to private Men toereft and gather Chur- ches, Lleft, Ordain, Depofe, Excommunicate, and Deter- mine finally in all Church-Caules. Laity fometimesadrai- nifler the Sacraments, and Magiftrates adminiltcr the Of¬ fice of Matrimony. They are molt of them Hillcmrk , and commence the lad thoufand Years of Chrift’s Kingdom from the beginning of hidtpinlnicj. All thofe of the Laity they account Gifted Men, are permitted'to preach, and pray, and to chatcchffe the Preacher concerning the Do¬ ctrine he hath preached. They Communicate frequently, fitting at a Table, or without a Table. IDjCjSbl’tCrianS.] Pntbytcrimt maintain, That there is only a Nominal Difference between Bijbop, Pmbytir, and Pitjler ; and that Pricfl is not a Gofpel Word, but belongs only to Sacrifices: They will not allow Ducms to preach, but only colleft for and adminider to the Poor. In every Church they appoint Lay-Elders and Rulers, who are to in- fpeff Mens Manners, and to bear a part in the Government of the Church : They acknowledge a Priority of Order ought to be amongft Church Governours, but not a Priority of Jurifdiclion : They deny the Civil Magidrate any An- rhoriry in Church Government, making the King mi i..i'c::i, and fubjeft to the Cenfures of Parochial Church Governours: They have two Church Judicatories, theClif- fic.it Afliemhly; and the General Alfembly, to which there lie, an Appeal from the Cladical. When a. HpeJkof any of rhefe Seftaries indilcriminate- 1", we HI them Dijl'oi-.irs and Xmmfimijlt j and they that ipeak more freely term them fav.atich and Enthuflifi. it mult uc conreiicu mat in all thefe Sefts there are fome go >1 Moral Men, nay, fome of them zealous towards God, bur in I'uch a Zeal as is not according to Knowledge : Nei¬ ther are they ail equally b’ameable in all Refpefts. The P,-i.bt!tr:.m come neared :o the Church ; the £uakm ire the mod peaceable; the I’nyfi: are the mod mannerly, and Part. Iir. of E N G L A D. . 261 the like; buc take them all generally, they are all Envious-at the Eftabliflaed Church ; delirous perpetually of a Lhan-t of Government; willing to filh in troubled Waters; op:- native, relying much upon their own Judgment; Innate- /«/, as not owning theml'elves beholden to any Alan, fay¬ ing, it is God that put fuchjtnd fuch Beneficence into their Benefaftors Hearts, which they therefore could not avoid doing; Prsad, as thinking tltemfelves the only Favourites of God,and the only Wife or Vertuousamongfi: Men; OSjl:n.ttt to all manner of Arguments and Entreaties; Sclfjb, Pmg- nutical, Coifirim, and the like. CHAP. II. Of EigWfh Computation, Numhing, JVaghts, M:.:- Jures, Money. [©nglifl) Compulation.] TM Inland at the beginning of Chriftianity-they counted, 1 as all other flhrilfians, according to the then Roman Ammts by Olympiads, or fpace of five Years, by the fear lince the building of Rami , by the Conlnls, or by the Years of the Reign of the Emperors, afterwards (in the Reign of Cenjlansin: the liyf Chriftian Emnerot) bv Iadicliins, or Ftfeeen Years. Ac length, tntne Reitm ot tin Emperor r; a Years after ChrilYs Incarnation, (and not Ivfore) all Cluiflians generally began to account ab AmChrifti Incartiati ; at which time one Diaijfi. s Eairaas, os Abbas, a worthy Reman, had hnillied a (ncte lor me ().!- lirvationof Eajlsr, which was then generally receiv’J, and i* frill obferv’d by the Church of Ea *!.:>:'(; the Ground whereof is this; the Vernal Eyaimx at that tune was accru a- tedtobe the 21 ft. of March, and by conlc.juence muihie t.:a eirlieft Fall Mien, and tiien March the brh. mud be the earlieft ,V.n> Shan, and April the r 8r». in-eld be tile lated Fa '/ Mm, which hapning on a Sunday(zs ic will when the Do¬ minical Latter is C. and the Golden Namier 3.) then Ea’ler that Year will be April the lath. So when the Nev Aiu.-r ihall !» on Shah 1. (as it will when the BnainiC-nl Lcstir is 262 SCIjf gjetcnt £>tatc Part III, D and the GeMe» Number is 16.) then Eajler will be on the aid. of March, aswasinthe Year 166S. But the Rmijh Church inventing new Rules for finding of Eajler, it happens fomerimes their Eajler is full hive Weeks before ours, and fometimes with ours, but never after ours; for Pope Gwo7 the Thirteenth, in the Year 158:. having obferved that upon an exaft Account, the Year con¬ tained above ^y'Days, not full 6 Hours (as had been from the time of Juhus Cetjar hitherto reckoned) but only live Hours, forty fix Minutes, and fixteen Seconds; and this ditTirente of almoft eleven Minutes in the Ipace of about M4 Yearsmakcrh one whole Day ; which not cmrlidered fince tire Regulation of Eajler, had brought back the Year at l; ft ten Days; inlontuch that the Venal Ejuimx, which was atfirftonthe i;Jl of March, wasnowonrhe 1 it/> of March-, by reafon whereof fometimes two Full Moons pafs between C ic Equinox and Eajler, contrary to the primitive Infiitution thereof; which was, That Eajler fhould always be obferv’d on the Sunday following the firjt Fall Moon after the I'crnal Equi¬ nox. Pope Gregory then having obferv’u tliefe InconVenitn- ces, refolved at once to take away ten Days, and that out of the Month of October, by calling the sth Day thereof the 1 cth ; and that for that Year, thofe Feftivals which fell in thofe ten Days, which by reafon of the Vintage time, were but few, fhould be celebrated upon the 15th, rfith, and r 7th Days of that Month ; and that the Etjaimx might ne¬ ver retrocede forthe future, it wasthen provided, that eve¬ ry 400 Years three Biffextile Years fhould be left out; that is, in the Years 1700, 1800, and 1900; and fo again in a too, 1:00, and 1300, leaving the Year aooo to have its Bijfcxiile , and fo every 400th Year. • The Englijh Nation, as all other States that withdrew thcmfelves from under the Bifhop of Romejs ufurp’d Autho¬ rity before the faid Year 158a, except Holland and Zealni, obferve dill the Ancient Account made by Julius Cejtr forty three Years before the Birth ofChrift, and is therefore called the Old Stile, or Jatian Account ; the other obferved by thofe who are ftill under the Romijh Tike, is call’d the Rtf Stile, or Gregorian Account ; and is, (by reafon of the afore- faid ten Days taken away, with the BiJfextiU the laft Yeat) now eleven Days before ours, for the beginning of Months, and for ail fixed Feftivals; but various for all moveable p^rc III. of ENGLAND. lifter, and the other moveable-Fcaftsin England, ard mod certainly thus found; Sluovc Tuefday alway the firft Tuefday after ll,: fi'fi Ml:n 4t‘f January, a.d r,'*Sun. jm following it Quadragefima, and the Jixlb Sunday after is Eillcr-day, and the fifth Sunday after Eafter is Rogation Sunday, and the Thurfday following, being forty Dap after the Rtfnrritlion, is Afcenlion Day; Ten Days after which, or fay Days after Eafter r'r Penrccoft, or Whitlunday, and the Sunday filming, is Trinity-Sunday : Which Computation of the Church of England, agrees with all the Eafter,1 Cb.riftijn Churches; for they and we find Eafter by the Rules which were generally received by all Chriftendom jinm s;;. and ever lince, till I y8i. it wasalteted by the Pope as aferefaid, and that was, That Eider Day jha'd thvap le on tic f.rfl Sunday after the Erf Fall Mm after the lift of March, which teat then the Vernal Equinox. Yet it cannot be denied,but that this old Computation may fometimes be inconvenient; for though the Church begin the Year January r. yet the Church beginning the Year March ay. Recording to our Lawyers reckoning, two Eafters will beobferved inone Year; as in the Year 1667. the firft Eafter fell out the 25th of April, and the fecond the aid of March following, and notone Esjltrin the enfuing Twelve Months, as the Author obferved formerly^in his Propofals to the Parliament, concerning Eng- But to reduce all to the fame order, as it was at the Birth of Chrift, that fo the Anmmtiatm or Conception of our Sa¬ viour may be at the Vernal Equinox, hi s Nativity at the Winter Stlftice, as it ought to be, may ealily be effe&ed, if the King had been pleafed to command, That from the Year 1681, forward, there might have been omitted fifteen Leap Years; that is, if there had been no more Dies Intercalates for the next fixty Years to come, but that every Year (hould con- fill of 3fiy Days only, for thereby would the Year be brought back juft twelve Days, eleven Hours, fix Minutes and eight Seconds; for the Year confiding of 365 Days, four Hours, forty nine Minutes, and fixteen Seconds, every fourth Year putting in a whole Day, or twenty four Hours, there is put in too much by forty two Minutes, and fifty fix Second, which by 418 Leap Years fince Chrift’s Birth, to the Year 1681, have thruft back our Year 12 Days, eleven Hours, fix Minutes, and eight Seconds. S 4 Advent 2^4 Eljf pKfcut fetatc . Part III. A.I-jent Sunday liarh a peculiar Rule, anJ is always the fourth Sunday before Ck- ijhtas Day, or the neareft S«»- day to Sr. Andrea's Day, whether before or after. The Year in England, according Co the Cycles of the Sun and Moon ; and according to Almanacks, begins on the firft of January-, but the Englijh Church begins the Year from the Day of thrifts Incarnation, on the a'th of March ; which is alio obfersred in Spain : Yet the Pontgiules (as in dims Countries in Africa) begin their Year on the :9th of Auguf, the Venetians on the firft of March, according to the EptS; the Grecians on the Iongeft Day ; as the Old Rmans did on the fhorteft Day ; which two (all feem to have mod Rei- fnn, as beginning juft at the Periodical Day of the Sun’s Return. The Natural Day confiding of twenry four Hours, is be¬ gun in England, according to the Cuftom of the Egyptian and ancient Romans, at Midnight, and counted by Twelve Hours to Mid-day, and again by Tw elve Hours to nett Midnight; whereas in Italy, Bohemia, Poland, and fome other Countries, their Account is from Sun-fetting by twen¬ ty four of the Clock, to the next Sun-letting; and at lit- remkrg and Wittenberg in Germany, according to the Old Jersijh and Babylonian Account, they begin at the firft hour afreT Sun-riling, to count one of the Clock, and lb again at rile firft hour after Sun-fetting ; bur AJIronmin accomo¬ dating their Calculations to the moft noble time of the Day, begin their Account from Noon to Noon, as do (Ml the Arabians and fome others. Snglifl) ijlumbfring. ] There « N s r \ r a Ml c I known ro them, anJ probably they the;; Its 01 one, and fometimes of both Ham of they deiired ro keep Account (as is sns) and r! y Nati Things, that are: Cod-Fifh, ILiberal ro the Srrike ; 10 the II Hundred Hi; and 11 Panels i!J by Tale and not Weight, are thus le, Ling, &t. have n 4 to the C. Eels strike to the Hind. Herrings 1:0 to ’ the Thoufaad, which make a Ear- ■Lk l ■ Of part Ilf. of ENGLAND. i6$ Of Furrs, Filches, Grays, Jennets, Martins, Mincks, Sables, 40 Skins is a Timber; ether Skins five Score to the Hundred. Of Paper 14 or 15 Sheets to tine Quire ; 10 Quire to a Ream ; 10 Ream to a Bale. Of Parchment, 12 Skins make a Dozen ; and 5 Dozen a Roll. Of Hides, ro are a Dicker; 20 Dickers a La it- Of Gloves, ro Pair a Dicker. 2lEigf)t3 anD f^fafurM.] For Weigh:! and Meafurti at- prefenc ufed in England, there are very many excellent Statutes and Ordinances, and abundance of care taken by out Anceltors to prevent all Cheating and Deceit therein. By the 27th Chap, of Magna Charea, the Weights and Mealures ought to be the fame over all England, and thole to be according to the King’s Standards of Weights and Meafures, kept in the Exchequer, by a Ipecili Officer of his Houfe, called the Clerk, or Comptroller of the Market. Of Weights there are two forts ufed at prefent through¬ out all ingland, viz. Troy-might, and Avtrdupoit •' in Tnj- xiigb:, 24 Grains of Wheat make a Penny-weight Ster¬ ling,' :o Penny-weight make one Ounce, 12 Ounces make 1 Pound ; fo there are 480 Grains in the Ounce, and J760 Grains in the Pound. By Trey-might we Weigh Bread, Corn, Gold, Silver, J<»- or, and Uftors •' The Apothecaries and Goldfmith: have the lime Pound, Ounce, and Grain ; but they differ in their intermediate DiviiionS. The Afuiieca::\s reckon 20 Grains Gr. make a Scrupled, Scruples r Drachm 5, t> Drachms r Ounce 5, .12 Ounces 1 Pound lli, fo that there is in Note, That although the Apothecaries make tip their Me- tiicinc-s by ir: t . weight, they buy their Drugs by Avordnpoie 2 66 ffifie gjeffnt &tate Partin, The Goldfmiths reckon 14 Gr. make a Penny weight; 10 Pen- wt. 1 Oun. 11 Oun* 1 Pound. So that there is in By Avirdtipois IVtiylt are all other things weighed, it Merc' ry and Grocery Ware, Alerals, Wool, Tallow, and the like, which they account thus, 1 6 Drachms make an Ounce, 16 Ounces a Pound, a8 Pounds a Quarter, 4 Quir- ters an Hundred, 10 Hundred a Tun : So that there is in The Troy Ounce is more than the Avoirdupaii Ounce, for 51 Ounces Tray are equal to 56 Ounces Avoirdupois. But the Avoirdupois Pound is more thanthe Troy Pound, for 14 Pound Avoirdupois, ate equal to 17 lb'Pray Weight. Note, That Bakers who live in Corporation Towns mate their Bread by Troy weight, but they who live not in Cor¬ porations are to make it by Avoirdupois weight; for Free¬ men are allow’d 3 d. in the Bulhel more for Profit, than thole that are not free. For Inflance, when the current Market-Price of mid- ling Wheat is 5 1. per Bulhel, a Freeman Baker mull mate a Penny Wheaten Loaf to weigh 11 Ounces Troy weight, and Three Half-penny White-loaves the like weight; hot they that are not Freemen mull make it as heavy when rhe Market Price is but 4 1. 9 d. per Bulhel; and when it is r /. ftr Bulhel, they mud out-weigh the Freemens Per- ny-Loaf by ten Drachms. and make their Honlhold Per - r y-Loaf a Pound, or 16 Quite ts Avoirdupoit, and fourteen Part III. of E N G L A N D. 267 The Tim is Twenty Hundred weight of every thing but Lead, of which there is but Nineteen Hundred and an half to [he Tun or Fodder. Wool is weigh’d by the Cine, which is feven Pound, or I,V the Stine, which is fourteen Pounds; or by the Tod. i. e. Twenty eight Pounds ; or by the JPey, 182 Pounds i or the od, 36+ Pounds; or the Lajl, 4568 Pounds. In EJj'a they weigh Cheefe and Butter by 8 Pounds to theCb-J(, and 31 Clmc, Or ayg Pounds to the Wtj : In S'lfili they allow 41 of thole C /over, or 331? Pounds ro the Butchers allow but 8 Pounds to the Stone, Horfe-Ra- s6 Pounds of Butter, or 60 Pounds of Soap make a Fir¬ kin, and a Firkins a Barrel. A Faggot of Steel is 1:0 Pounds; a Burden of Gad Steel it 180 Pounds; Iron and Shot are weigh’d 14 Pounds to the Stone, 28 to the Quarter, &c. Hay is fold by the Trufs $6 Pounds, and by the Load 3 <3 Tmfet, 18 Hundred or 2016 Pounds. Sugar, Pepper, Nutmeg, Cinatnon, Allum have but 13 Pounds and an half to the Stone, and 108 Pounds to the Hundred. A Seam of Glafs is 24 Stone, 5 Pounds to the Stone make 1:0 Pounds. A Barrel of Gunpowder is 100 Pounds, and 24 Barrel! to the Lajl. f)caftjr£ 5 .] All Meafures in England are either Applica¬ tive or Receptive. _ The fmalied Il.nfttra Applicationit, or Applicative Mea- fure, is a Barlp-com, wherof 3 in length make a Fingers breadth, or Inch, 4 Inches make a Hand, 3 Hand 1 Foot, t Foot and an half makes a (infer, 2 edits a Yard ; in a Yard are 16 FUjles, [ Yard and a Quarter makes an Ell-, a Dash Ell or Stick, by which Tapellry is meafured, is but ’• of a Yard, 5 Fwrmake a Geometrical Pore, 6 Foot a Fathom, 1 6 u f ^ mlke a Plf th, P ‘k, or Rod ; but there are other Cultomary Porches or Poles, viz.. 18 Feet for Fens and Woodland, 11 for Forrejl, Lancashire and Irijh Meafure, and 18 { Scotch, 40 Perch make a Furlong, 8 Furlong, or 32° 268 JCIje patent jbtst? Part III, (more ezaflly 69 Eighjh Miles and an half) mike a Decree, and 360 Degrees, or 2jo:o Miles, compafs the whole Globe of the Batch, Wire, That the Meafures of Cloth in England ate is follow : Ktnt,York, Ruling Cloths S quartets and [ broad, 3001 34 yards long, 85 pound weight. Snfolk,Hirfolk,Eftx, 7 quirters, 19 yards, 80 pound. WW/?er, Cav; ntry, Hsrtford 5 quarters T 3° or 33 yard', 78 pound. Glouctjltr, Oxm, mitt, Somtrfit, 7 quirters, 19 or 31 yards, 76 pound. Sttfolk Sorting, S quarters, 14 and a5 yards, 54 pound. ' Broad and narrow Torkjhirot, 4 quarters, 24 and 25 yards, 30 pound. Taunton, Dunjlah!:, Bri.l'oaatir, 7 quarters, 12 and 13 yards, 30 pound- Divoiijhiri Kerlies and Dozens, 4 quarters, 12 and tj yards, 13 pound. Chequer Kerlies, Griys, llrip’d and plain, 4 quarters, lj nd r8 yards, 24 pound. Penninllons or dwells, 3 quirters and ’ ti and r 3 yards. Sorting Penninfton, Squatters and 13 and 15 yard 1 , 3J pound. Withers of Lancalhir;, 17 and r8 yards, 17 pound. Sack of Wool, 354 pound. Tod 28 pound, to 1 Sick 13 Tods. A Nale 7 pound. 1 Sackrnrkes 4 Standard CIoat’15,24 yardsIong,6 J wide, of So pound weight, call’d Sorting Cloaths. Horjis are uiealured by the Hand, which is 4 Inches. _ For meafuring of Land in England , 40 Perches in length and 4 in breadth, make a a Am of Land, (To til¬ led from the Q‘rma)t Word Acktr, and that from the La¬ tin Word Agtr) 30 Acres ordinarily make a Yard-Land, and 100 Acres are accounted an Hide of Land, and 6 *0 Acres a Mile Square. A Part III, of E N G L A N D, 269 A Table cf long Meafure. But in this, and alfo in fome Weights and Meafures, the Cuftom of the Place is otherwife, which muft he regar¬ ded. In Frame about Paris, ia Inches make a Foot; as Fottmake a Perch ; and 100 Perches make anArpen. TalU 270 JLIje )D?cfcnt frtate Partin. Table of Square Mcfam. Of Timber, 43 Foot folid make a Tun, and 50 Foot 1 Load* Minfurareuptimis , Receptive Meafu;e is two fold; foil, of liquid or moilt things ; fecondlyof dry things. The ordinary fmalleft Receptive Meafurd is called a Pin; 1 Pints make a Siurt ; a Quarts make a Pettit; a Pottle make a Gailm, A Gallon of Beer, or the Meafure contain¬ ing 282 lolid Inches; and holds of Rain-Water ro Pounlv J OuncesTlJi Aimrdupiii ; S Gallons a Firkin of Ale, 2 fuch Firkins make a Kilderkin; and a Kilderkins, or 32 Gallons nuke a Barrel of Ale ; and 11 Barrels a LaJI ; 9 Gallons 1 W/m of Beer ; 2 fuch Firkins, Or 18 Gallons make a Kilitf kin; 2 fuch Kilderkins, or 36 Gallons make a Barrel ofBwi Part III. of ENGLAND. 271 one Carrel and half, or 54 Gallons make a Hsgjltad-, j Hogf- make a Pipe or But ; and a Pipes a Tun, confining of i::8 Pints or Pounds: a Barrel of Butter or Soap, is the fame with a Barrel of Ale. The Englijh Wine Meafures are fmaller than thofe of Ak md Beer, and hold proportion as about 4 to 5. So that 4 Gallons of Beer Meafure are almoftfive Gallons of Wine aMeafure, and each Gallon of Wine is 131 Cubical Inches, 8 Pound, 1 Ounce, and 11 Drachms Aviirdupoit of Rain- Water. Of thefe Gallons a Runlet of Wine holds 18. Half a Uiipeea .1 j 1 Gallons and a half; a Time of Wine holds 4:Gallons, a Hegjhead 6 3 Gallons j a Punchim 84 Gallons; a Pipe or Bar holds 12'fi, and a Tun 252 Gallons or 201 6 fflrr, that Butter, Fifli, and Soap are fold by Ale'Meafure. A table of Beer Meafwe. A *7 2 £!)c Picfcnt State Part Ilf, A Table of Wine Meafure. A Tun of Wine weighing Avoirdupois 17 C. weight. One Pint il. o. f Ounces Troy. T^j Getjhns. 144 Jjf> Rmnllcts. 252 |’,i 1 ji Barrels.. . I42 1 2.J 1 ■; fierce. f 04 i 6 _3_ 13 1 L_ ijltyfhcat!:. 672 184 U-’ 2*2 (_I_11 1008126 7 4 2 0162^6 1144 1^ 4 1 ) U \ ftm s . The fame for Honey, Oil, trc. Note, That a Rocbel Hogllieatl is but 46 Gallons i and an High Country Hoglhead but 54 : A Malaga Butt or Pipe bat >12 Gallons: A Cauarp 1 Pipe but 116. The.received Difproportion in the Weights of Liquids is thus : The Amphora of the Romans weighed of Wine or Rain- Water 50 lb. of Atrntrp Weight. Note that in Pound at London makes hut 107 { at Ant¬ werp. Pound:, So that which contains of Wine or Rain-Water- p Contains of River-Water—— — - •-— ;j Of Linfeed Oil ————— - ;p Of Quickfilver--- —■-Ip To meafure dry things, as Corn or Grain, there is frft the Gallon, which is bigger than the Wine Gallon, and lefs than the Ale or Beer Gallon; containing 272 -J Cubick In¬ dies Part HI. of EN GLAND. 273 Indies, ami 9 pound, 13 ounces, 11 drachms and ' of wi 'ra’upeii weight. Two of thefe Gallons make a Peek, four Pecks a four Bu (hels the Comb or Curneck, two Cur- nocks make a Sjtarttr, Siam or Ra f, and ten Quarters a £«/?, which contains jr;o Pints, and fo many Pounds Trey weight; fo that in a Garrifon, 5000 Men, allowing each hut a Pound of Bread per diem, will confume near a Lad, or 80 Bulhels every day ; and 150 Men in a Ship of War will drink aTun of Beer in two Days, allowing each'Man about a Pottle f a diem. A Talk ef Dry bitafurc. Tint,. | 2 Quarts. Rujkels. 1 4 1 8 16 ! 64 2- |Pottles TIM iJLljJ u 116 1 Gallon 2 1 t1 Peck,. Jj 1 *12 2f6| 12b 64 jlI Hi Quarters. i*l6c r28o| 64c ?2C 16c 4 °! jpr- El iy6oli28c Jil 8c : iol 2\Loft. Meal is weighed as Corn, but the Common Repute is, that a Gallon ot wheaten Meal weighs 7 pound Aveirdu- fii:, and 8 pounds, 6 ounces, 4 penny-weight Trey ; foa Mel ;6 pounds Aviirfaftii, and 68 pounds, 1 ounce, 11 penny-weight Troy. All other Grain, and fo likewife Salt,' Lime, Coals, &c- follow this Meafure, which is calfd W.ueihjlcr Mujnre. But note, that where Sea-Coal and Salt are mcafured with this Bufltel, then they are heap¬ ed, or elfe there is allowed five firiked Pecks to the Bufhel, and this is called Water M/afiire. 36 Bulhels are a Chaldron of Coals; and on Shipboard they allow ai Chaldron to the t- 4 £!jc pjcfcnt £»tate Part III, SToil)’.' At riTftdll Nations barrercd, and exchanged one Commodity for another, bur that being found troubleS.ni, by a kind of Ciiftoni, goad Liking, or Uliigc, amnngft all' civiliz’d Natiops, Silver and (Jojd, as mod portable, |Ji. able, and beautiful, and lefs fubjett to ruli, have been as early astlie days of Jlmi ia, chnfen to he the InfWiienis of Lxchangc and Me.ilure of all things, _ and were at lirlj paid only by Weight, rill in proeefs of time, the way ci ( ci . ."a or Stamping Money was found out* When Julius Cjtf.tr lirfl enrred this liland, the P-iiait: tiled Ural's Money, and alfo Rings of Iron indeed of Mr. ntv. And afterwards divers of their Kings and tautens mined Money of other Mett.ils, ot ail v. Inch time aie le- . siai Specimens yet remaining m the C'abmeis of the C .- nous. Not to mention the Raw;™ Money, u h.cli bribe great Quantities continually found, teems to have been if common Ufe. In the time of King Richard 1. Money coined in the Lij! parts ot G.nii,m;, being for its purity highly edeenuJ, tome of tliol'e liaflerlings werelentfor over, an I employe;! in our Mint, and from thence our Money was called f..i Pirlixg, or SicrLiifi- Money, as fome think. > the lirft Gold coin’d in England, was hy King Eitirn III. anil rhofe 1’ieces called rl<:\acn, hecaiilc Fhroitraa were the lint Coiners thereof j though others fay of rhe s.hw WnrJ •'•.•'i-, Rulcot Standard, from Si.iran to fl.tr, guide, or go- j&illlir.] King Edward I. (luce the AGw.ii/ Conquelt, eiLbliilied a certain Standard for Silwr Coin in tins min¬ ner : Grains make one P.nm Stirling, a n penny-weight one Oimc:. and i: Ounces or (trains make a I'mi Sioling, conliUingof aor. Of thefe ia Ounces, 11 Oun¬ ces two penny-weight S.M.'/ng was tube -f Inn Silver, and the. sv.eight of iS J, Staling in Allay the M Hirer did yiJd ; fn that antiently a Pound no : ■ e; was a Pound Tw Weight; whereas now a Pound a'.'-d/iyis bur the third pin if a Pound Tt oj, anda little more than tils fourth part of ’dupniWn igiit. ”1 he Money of England svas abtlf-d and fillilied for 1 long nni-e, till Queen EliaaUtli in llie Year i t(n to her great Praile, called in all fuch Money, lime which time, rr'n bale .Money hath been coined ijj the .Mn.t of Eng!)m, Part III. ofENGLAND. ij; bet only of pure. Gold and Silver, called Sterling Money ; only of latter rime, in relation to the Neceftiry of the Poor, and Iixchange of great Money , a fmall piece of Copper, called a Farthing, or Fourth part of a Penny, bath been permitted to be coined ; and fo likewife an Half-penny or piece of ra'vo Farthings ; bur no Man inforc’d to receive them in pay for Rent or Debt, which can’t be atbrnt’d of any other State Or Nation in the Chriftian World ; in all which there are femal forts of Copper Mo¬ ney as currant with-them for any Payment, as the pureft Gold or Silver. No Moneys in any Mint are made of pure Silver, be¬ anie Silver in its Purity is almoft as flexible as Lead, and therefore not lb ufeful as when hardened with Copper. Gold minted pure avould alfo be too flexible, and. there¬ fore is in all Mints allayed with fome Copper, or with Sil¬ ver, and mold Mints differ in more or lefs Allay. In the time of the aforenamed King Edvard I. the Coins trae only 4 d. 3 .V. ad. id. the Half-penny and the Far¬ thing, all of Silver. The pound weight Troy of Silver, fince the Reign of Queen hliideth hath been currant at 62 1. and the feveral Silver Coins now currant in England, are the Crown or 5 which isalmoft the Ounce Troy, then Half-Crown, Shilling, Sixpence, 41 i. 3d. id. and 1 d. For the Coinage there was allowed is. in the pound % of Silver; lo that the Merchant who brought in the Bullion, received only 60 s. for lb. each, which made the Ounce to be juft 5;. But by an Aft of Parliament 166;. for encouragement of Coinage, the Charge of Coinage vras "frayed by oil Impolition on Brandy, and nothing payable by- the bringer in of the Bullion ; lo that the Merchant re¬ ceives Ci s. for every pound Troy of Bullion. i The Pound weight, or twelve Ounces 7Vo; of Gold is chilled into twenty four parts, which are called Carratt ; So that each Carrat is ten penny-weight Troy, or half an Ounce; and this Carra: is divided inro four parts, which are called Carrat Crains ; fo that the Carrat Crain is 1 d. 'eight and an half, or lixty ordinary Grains; and the G-ru; Grain is divided into divers parts; the Standard of brawn Gold is twenty two Carrots of fine Gold, and two (■matt of Allay in the pound weight Troy ; the Allay of 276 SElie pjctfnt State Part HI, fome Gold Coins is all Silver, as the Guiney-Gold, and l'ome ali Copper, rvliiclr renders tile Gold Coins fome mot; white, fome more yellow. In England at prelent the Pound weight Try of Gold i, cut into forty four parrs and an half, each part is to paf for 20;. and the half part for rot. Yet now by the fcarcity of Gold imported, each of the faid parts is currant 1 1 . 1 i-Ci There are alio coined fome pieces of 40;. and fometf root, which holds proportionablv in weight and'linelefs to the 20/.piece. . The Englijh Gold was coin’d at 44 /. r c /. to the pound Triy, whereof iy /. were taken by the King for his Seignc- rage, and Charge of Coinage ; and the Merchant for 1 pound of Gold received but 43 /. 15 /. whereas he now l; . ceives by the faid Aft of Parliament 44 /. 10 /. The Standard of Sterling Silver in England is eleven Ounces and 2 d. weight of fine Silver, and 18 d. weight w Allay of Copper out of the Fire, and fo proportionally; fothat twelve Ounces of pure Silver, without any All.v is worth 3 /. 4 /. 6 d. and an Ounce is worth ; /. 4 d. 11.. but with Allay is worth but 3 t- and the Ounce 5 /. The.Spnn.Jl, Trench, and /fiTW/yl) Gold is alrnoil ofeqd finenefs with the Englitk The Euglijh Silver Money hath lefs of Allay than tie Frtnch or Dutch- ' The Moneyers divide the Pound weight into tweh Ounces Trey. The Proportion of Gold to Silver in England, is as On: to Fourteen, and about one Third; that is to fa v, one Dune: of Gold is worth in Silver fourteen Ounces, and alo.it Ei Third, or 3/. 14;. 2 d- of Englijh Money. That the Eaighjh Coin may want neither tile Purity no: Weight required, ic was moil wifely and carefully pro'irlci. That once every Year the chief Olficers of the hum lhou'l apj ear before the Lords of the Council in rhe ^tar-Uund-’ Part. nr. cf E N G L A D zt; at with Come pieces of all fort of Money coir.- eJthe foregoing Year, taken at adventure out of the .it ;;.-, and kept under feveral Locks by feveral Perfori', till that Appearance , and then by a Jury of Twenty four able Goldfmiths, in the prefence of thefaid Lords, every piece is n ,o(f exaftly eiTayed amj weighed. Sincethe happy Reflauration of his late MajefiyK. Chsrlts the Second, the Coining and Stamping of Money by Hammers hath been laid alide, and all ihmp'd by a Mill or Screw, whereby it comes to pafs, that our New Coins, for Neatnefs, Gracefulnefs and S'ecuriry from Counterfeiting, do lurpafs all the mold Excellent Coins not only of die Romms, but of all the Modem Nations of the World. But we muft not on rhis Subjeft forget that fince the late happy Revolution, the Silver Coin of this Kingdom was lb miferably debas’d by Clipping, that it was a pre¬ judice to all Trade, and indeed a Scandal to the Nation. And had it been much longer permitted, We (hould have loll the true valuation of Goods, and the proper ufe of Money : Upon which many Projefts wete contriv’d to remedy that abominable Mifchief. But none could have been effeflual without calling in all the old current Stock, and coining all into new Miji’d Money ; which compleat Reformation was made at fuch a Juncture of Difficulties, under which the Publick then labour’d, that this great Expedient and abfolute Succefs of it, muff be an eternal Honour to that Parliament that ordain’d it, and to tliofe particular Members who did continue and follicite fucli a Work of Intereft and Honour to this Age, and to fuc- ceeding Generations. CHAP. III. Of Nmis, titles of Honour , Trivilalgcs, die, Gllglifi) VTO*m qua ft Nctamua. Names were firfl JtfameB.] L\ impofed upon Men for Diftinflion fake, by rite Jem at their Circumcifion, by the Romans at the Ninth Day afeer their Birth, and by the Chrijlians at their T 3 Sjptilitl 478 ST&c ¥>)flcnt &tatc Part III, Baptifm, of fuch Significition for the moft part that might denote the future good Hope or good Wiihes of Parents to¬ wards their Children. The Englijh Names at Baptifm, are generally either Sara, as Robert, Richard, Henri, William, Edward, Edmond, Edwin', Gilbert, Walter, Leonard, &c. which are all very lignifi. cative ; orelfe (efpecially in later Ages) out of the Old and New Teflament, Abraham, 1/aac, Jacob, John, Thmti, James, Sec. or fometimes the Mother’s Surname, and rarely two Chriftian Names, which yet is ul'ual in other Coun¬ tries, efpecially in Germany, to omit fonte other fenten- tious Names impofed by fome Fantaftical People upon their Children, fuch as, Pratje God, bear of the Lori, itc . SurnamtiB.] Names fuperadded to the Chriftian Names the French call Surnames, fi. e.) Super nomina. The Hebrews, (pricks, and mull other Nations, had no Surnames fix’d to their Families, as in thele Days; bet counted thus : for Example among the Hebrews, hldcii Bcnaddi, Addi Ben Cafam, See. So the Britains, Hugh op Owen, Owen ap Rhefe ; So the Irtjh, Seal, Mac Con, Con Mst Vermoti, &c- . , As Chriftian Names were firft given for diftinflion of Perfons, fo Surnames for diftinflion of Families. About Anno 1000. the French Nation began to take Sur¬ names, with De prefixt, of a Place, and U prefixt, for fome other Qualifications, as at this Day is their ufuil manner. The Englijh alfo took to themlelves Surnames, but not generally, by the Common People, till after tie Reign of Edward the Firft. Great Offices of Honour have brought diver's Surnames, as Edward fill Theobald, being long ago made Butler of Ireland, the Duke of Ormond and his Anceftors defending from him, took the Surname of Butter. So John Count Tin- kervitte of Kormandy, being made Chamberlain to the King of England, above 400 Years ago, his Defcendents of Shcrborn Ca(lle in Oxfordjhire, lately extinfl, and of RreJUur;, Maugersbury, and Oddington in GlouceJIcrJhire, from whom the Author hereof is defended, bear ftill the fame Coat of Arms, by the Narne of Chamberlayne. At firft, for Surnames the Enghjh Gentry took the Name of their Birth-place, or Habitation, as Ihomas of Ajlon, or EaJl-Town, John of Sutton, cr South-Town j and as they altered ' their PartHI. of ENGLAND. 2.79 t j,ci r Habitation, fo they altered their Surname. After, when they became Lords of Places, they called themfelvcs JImj Aflon of Aflon, John Sutton of Sutton.' The Saxon Common People for Surnames, added their Father's Name with /«» at the end thereof, as Thomat John’ („:, Rohr: Ricbardfon ; they alfo oft took their Father’s Nick-name, or Abbreviation with Addition of t, as Gilt the Nick-name or Abbreviation of Gilbert, Holt of Robert, Hith of Nicolai, Baltt of Bartholomew, Snmt of Smut!, Hod- ec: of Roger, Sander of Alexander, and thence alfo Gibfon, Htiint, Ntekjbn, Batfon, Sampfon, Hodftn, Sanderfm, and Hut- eiinlai. Nc. Many alfo- were furnamed from their Trade, as S«b;Vij, Joyner, Weaver, Walker, that is Fuller in Old E^lifk, and Gof, that is Smith in Welch, &c. Or from their Oiiices, as Porter,stewardfhepherd,Carter,Sptncer,( that Is,Steward) Coti, Seller, Kemp, that is in O/rf Englijh, Soldier ; or from their Place of abode, as Underrated, Underhill; alfo Atwood, Atwell, At- bill, which three l ift are fhrunk into Wood, Wellt, Hill ; or from their Colour or Complexion, as Fairfax, that is !• air- klu, Pigot, that is, Speckled, Blunt or Blund, that is, Flaxen- y.r: So from Birdt, as Arundel, that is, Swallow, Corbet, that is, Raven, Wren, Finch, Woodcock, &c. So from Beads, es Lamb, Fox, Moyle, that is, Mule; from Colours, as Black, Unite, Brown, Red, Green-, from the Winds, as Eajl, Wejl, Hath, South. _ _ • The Normant at their firft coming into England, brought Snfliames for many of their Gentry, with De prefix’d, as the frinch do generally at this Day, and their Cfiriftian Names were generally German, they being originally de- feendej from Norway, inhabited by Gctm.ptt ; and fome for about 200 Years after the Conaueft took for Surnames their Father’s Chriftian Name, with Fitz or Fill prefix'd, as Meet HtzWillinm, Henry Fitz Gerard, which is as much cs mlliamfon, Gerardfm, &c. The Britain! or Welch, more lately refin’d, did not take Surnames till of late Years, and that for the moft part on¬ ly by leaving out a in dp,'and annexing tivc P to their Fa¬ thers Chriftian Names, as, inftead of Evan ap Rice, now turn Price ; fo inftead of ep Howcl, Bowel ; ap Hugh, Pugh j »?Regert,Progers,&c. The moft ancient Familes, and of beft Account for’ 'Sur¬ names ill England, are either thofe that are taken from places mll.r.nanh, and thereabouts in France, and from fomeo- T * thcr 180 ELlje ^Kfcnt £>tate Part III, lh« TranGnarine Countries j or elfe from Places in Ejg. land and Scotland, as Evereux, Chamrth, Seymour, Ncvil, Mm- tdgtie, Mohun, Boron, Bruges, Clifford, Berkley, Art'/, Slourtm, tsorley, Courtney,Grandi(tm,Hajlings,Sets. which anciently bad ill Dt prefix’d, h'ut of latter times generally neglected, or madt one Word, as Devtrcux,Darcy, &c. unlefs we (liould more t- {teem thofe, whofe Anceflors were of great Account _liete before the Norman Contjiuli, and their Pofterity have Rill flou- jiih’d ever fince, as Arden, AjUurnham, &c. Titles of Honour, and Degrees of Nobility. iR8mr.]'\T04/«, Nobiles, ftaji viri mfeibiles, or Nttaiilu, i\ In all Chrifhan Monarchies, men thathive been notable for Courage , Wifdom, Wealth, ire. hive been judged fit and worthy to enjoy certain Priviledges, Titles, Dignities, Honours, &c. above the Common-Peo¬ ple, to be placed in an high Orb, and to be a Skreen between the King and the inferiour Subjefts, to defend the one from Infolences, and the other from Tyranny ; to inter- pofe by their Counfel, Courage and Grandeur, where com- mon Perforis dare not; to fupport their King, and defend the Kingdom with their Lives and Fortunes. The Nobility of England is called the Peerage of EnglarJ, becaufe they are all Pares Regni, that is, Ndilitate Parti , though gradti imparts. IBijjrtfjff,] The Degrees of the Englifli Nobility are on¬ ly five', vizi Duke, Martjuifs, Earl, Vi j count, and harm. iDuhe-] A Duke in Latin, Dux i. ducendo, Noblemen be¬ ing anciently either Generals and Leaders of Armies in time of War, or Wardens of Marches and Governours of Provinces in time of Peace, afterwards made fo for term of Life ; then held by Lands and Fees, at length made Hereditary and Titular. The firft Duke fince the Conqueror was Edward the Black Prince, created Duke of Ccrnwal by Edward III, in tie j rth Year of his Reign : A Duke is at this day created by Patent, Cinfture of Sword, Mantle of State, Impofition of a.Cap, and Coronet of Gold on his Head, and a Verge of Gold put into his Hand- * PartHI. of ENGL AND. 281 His Title is Gmr, and being written unto may beSti. ltd Mojl High, Potcns and KMc Prince. HisCeran.f hath only Leaves, without Pearls. ®arqilif£.] Mmehio a Marquifs ; was to lint called from the Government of'Marches and frontier Countries : The fitib that was fo created, was Robert Fere, Earl of Ox- r lH i ; made Marquils of Dublin. ‘ A Marquils is created by a Cinflure of a Sword, a Man¬ tle of State, Impolition of a Cap of Honour, with a Co¬ ronet, and Delivery of a Charter or Patent. His Mantle is double Ermind, three Doublings and an half. round of equal height. CMrlU.] Purls, anciently called Comitcs, becaufe they were wont Comisari Regent, to wait upon the King for Counlel and Advice. The Germans call them Graves, as Lmsgrave, Margrave, Paljiravc, Rhesisgrave ; the Saxons cal- led them Etrldamn,- trnlel's that Title’might be more pro¬ perly applyed to our Dukes, tire Danes, Eorlas, and the Eng- lijb, Earls, They had anciently for the fu| port of their State, the third Penny out of the Sheriff’s Court, ifluing out of all Pleas of tire Shire, whereof they had their Title : but now it is otherwife : for whereas here¬ tofore Canes and Ccmitmns were Correlatives, and there was no Comes or Earl, but had a Country or Shire for his Earl¬ dom. Of larter Years the number of the Earls cncreafing, and no more Counties left, divers have made choice of fonre eminent part of a County, as Eindj-y, Holland, Cleveland, Crai’tn ; l'omeof.a leflerpart, as Strajord, a WapCntake in Torkjhiri, Stc. Othtrs have chofen for their Title feme eminent Town, as Exeter, Bridgewater, BriJIol, Sec. And fome of late have taken for their Title the Name of a fmall Village their own Seat, or Park, &c. as Eol:cn,Cla- ritidon, Met!grave,’ Danby- An Ear! is created by the Cinfture of a Swcrd, Mantle of Stare put upon him by the King himfelf, a Cap and a Coronet put upon his Head, and a Charter in his Hand. All Earls are filled by the King, Conlangnissei mjlrs, Our Coulius, and they anciently did, and Hill may ufe the Stile of Km. All 281 Wit gjcfcnt State Part III, All the Eitls England are local, or denominated from fome Shire, Town, or Place , except two, whereof on: isPerfonal, as the Earl Marjba! j j England, who is not only Honorary, as all the tell, but alfo Officiary, The other is Nominal, viz. Earl Rivers, who takes his Deno¬ mination from an illuftrious Family, as the reft do, from fome noted Place. An Earl’s Mantle hath three doublings of Emin. His Title is, Mofl Port,if arJ Noble Lord. His Coronet hath tile Pearls railed upon Point!, and Lesrsn low between. Hftifcoimt] Viacom!!, Jnaft Nice Cmitis gtsbernatnm Ct. rnitatm. This Title was lit ft given, lome lay by Hen. VI. in the t8thYear of his Reign, to ‘Joint Beaumont, though it may be found, that 5 Hon. V. Sir Robert Bunt was by the King created a Hfconnt. Vifcemt! are Ailed 1 Cpulins; and his Title ng, Conf.tnguinei nojlri. Out Honourable and trul) Nshle ot Pottnt Lord. A nfcount is made by Patent, as an Earl is. His Mantle hath two doublings and an half of plain white t'urr; 111s Loronetoniy ream a iw» ui »iur out certain Number, clofe to the Chaplet. Karon.] In the Laws of the Longobards, and of the llormant, this Word was ufed for Wr, as at this Day Bo¬ ron, or Viren, in the Spani/h Tongue is ufed for the fame; fo that Baron is Vir Mi' ify'/Jul Vir Netabilis, & Prindpt. lit ■■ So the chief Burgelfes of London anciently, and llill tliofe of the Cintjutporli are called Barons. Bratton faith, they were called Baront, quaft Rolur Bill, in the’time of War, the fafety of the fyng, and of all hit People, did depend upon their.Courage, Wifdom, ConduS and Skill in Martial Affairs. Anciently thole Barons only were accounted Peers of the Realm, that held of the King fur integrum Baromom, which conlifted of thirteen Knights Fees, and one thiid part fetch Knight’s Fee being 20/.) which makes in all ■po M„k< ; and whoever lud fo much, was wont to b; fummoned to Pirliament. Now to hold-pcr. Barmiam, is to hold per Heredttalent Barmit, whether greater or lels. i!ti ins m the beginning of rite Reign of /Jew. III. were no: of lb much Repute as afterward., when that'King (af¬ ter cut: great a’ubellion was hippie! Ai) call’d by out Part HI. of E N G L A N D. 28; unto Parliament, only fuch great Men as had continued Loyal: which thefucceeding Kings oblerving, they only Utie accounted Peers of the Realm, that were called by ti: Kings Writ, and the other loft their Peerage, as fome ritit Authors ‘affirm. ° The Earl Palatines, and Earl Marches of England, had anciently a’fo their Darons under them ; as in Cl jhire there ere yet luch Barons : but as no Biffiop but thofe that held immediately of the King, are Peers of the Realm (for ;.:e lliiliop of 5 \iisr and .'/an, holding immediately of the Lari of Dtrly is no Peer of England) I'o no Carons hut thofe that hold immediately of the King, are Peers of the Realm. Tape! B.nmia is fome Caftle, or chief Seat of a Noble¬ man , which rs not to be divided amongft Daughters (if there he no Sons) but rnrrft defeend to the eldeft Daughter. Land holden by Barony, doth not make the Purchafer, that is Ignoble to be Noble, although the Charge of fuch Tenure doth lie upon him, in relpeft of the Service of the Realm; no more than Land by Villain-Service doth make the Purchafer, that-is a Freeman, a Villain, though lie lliall thereby be bound to his Villain-Service due for 1m Lands. 1 Barons are fometimes made by Writ, being thereby cal¬ led to lit in the higher Houle of Parliament; but ntoft u- l'ually by Patent. His ^ itle is Right Nolle Lord. He hath two Guards or Doublings on his Mantle- His Coronet hath lix Pearls upon the Circle, given to that Degree by King Charles II. All the forementioned Degrees have the Title of Lord, from the Saxon Word Hlaford, Daninas. All the Lords of England, both Spiritual and Tempo¬ ral, are Fcndataries to the King,and in their Creation, and aifo in their Succeffion, do fwcar an Oath of Fealty, and do Ho¬ mage to the King their Sovereign; and pay certain Duties, as Sign and Symbols of their Subjeftion to their Prince. All Honours of England are giveirday the King, who is the lble Fountain of Honour. The Laws of England prohibit all Subjefts of the Realm to receive any hereditary Title of Honour or Dignity, of the Gift of any foreign Prince or Emperor. None 284 Elje^jcfent £>tate Part III None of thefe Honours bellowed Jay the King on a Fa. mily cm be loll, bur by want of IlTuc Male, except where the Patent extends to IfTue Female, as fomctimes it doth; oj elfe by fome heinous Crime, and th.n that family cannot be referred to their blood but by Par.lament. All Noblemen at their Creation have two Enligns, to fignific two Duties; their Heads are adorned ad coxjuh. dam Regent & Patriam timbre path, and they are girt with a Sword addef.ndat.hm Regem& Patriam timbre kill. The Nobility of EtigM have in all times enjoyed many confitlerable Privileges. All Peers of the Realm being look’d on as the King’s Hereditary cmiftant Counfellors, their Perfons out of Par¬ liament-time are priviledg’d (as others in Parliament-time) from all Arrefts, unlefs for Treal'ons, Felony, or breath of Peace, Condemnation in Parliament,'or Contempt to the King. No Supplicative can be granted againft them ; no Capiai or Exigent feed out againft them for Aftions of Debt or Trefpafs, no EJftin lyes againft any Peer of the Realm ; in Criminal Caufes, Trcafon or Felony, they can¬ not be tried by.any other Jury, but by a Jury of Peers of the Realm, who are not as other Juries, to be put to their Oatii, but their Verdidt given in Upon their Honour fulfi- ceth. In Civil Caufes they are not to be impaneil’d upon any Jury, nor upon any Inquells dtfacio, though in a mat¬ ter between two Peers. In cafe any Peer be returned upon any fe h Jury, there is a fpccial Writ for his Difcharge. They, are upon no cafe to be bound to their good Beha¬ viour, nor put to fwearthey will not break the Peace, but only to promife it Upon their Honour, which was ever ac¬ counted fo facred, as upon no Terms to be violated. A Peer of the Realm was not to be put to the Rack or Tor¬ ture to difeover the Truth, though accufed of Iligh-Trea- fen. Every Peer of the Realm called to Parliament hath the Priviledge in his lawful Abfence to conftitutea Proxy to vote for him, which none of the Commons may do; alfo in Places of Truft committed to them, they are alloiw cd to make Deputies,^by reafon of the neceflity, fuppofed in the Law, of their attendance on the Perlon of the King. Though neither Civii-Law nor Common-Law’allow any other Tcftimony to be valid but what is given upon Oath; yerrhe Tcftimony of a Peer of England, given in F/wk ibnoar, without any Oath, is efteemed valid; and they PartlH- of ENGL AND. 28* were wont to be examined upon tlieir Allegiance, and the Loyalty of their Chivalry, and to put in their Anfiver to a Bill, i uptr Honorin, without taking an Oath, though of litter times that Priviledge, by the negleft of fome Lords hath been infringed fometimes. A Day of Grace, by the favour of the Court, is not to be granted to the Plaintiff in any Suit or Aftion wherein a Peer of the Realm is De¬ fendant; and this by Statute-Law,becaufe the Law prefumes that a Peer of the Realm mu ft always be ready to attend the Perfon tf the King, and the Service of the Common¬ wealth, and therefore it is not to be delayed any longer than the ordinary ufe of the Court, but to have expe¬ dition of. Juftice. At the beginning of Parliament, when the Oath of Supremacy is exafted of all thofe of the Houfe of Commons, yet it is not required of any of the Lords, becaufe the King is othersvife allured' of their Loyalty and Fidelity, as is prefumed. In all Cafes whereiiv the Pri¬ viledge of the Clergy is allowed to other Men, and alfo in divers Cafes where that Priviledge is taken away from o- ther Men, every Peer of the Realm, having Place and Voice in Parliament, (hall, upon his Requeft, by Star-1 Ed. VI. without burning in the Hand, lefs of Inherbaoce, or Corruption of Blood, be adjudged for the firft tin e as a Clerk convift, though he carmot read. The Title of Ltri is due to all Barons, and .to none others befides Bi- fliops, and fome greafOUicers of the Kingdom. Only of Courtelie the Title of Lord is given to all the Sum of Dukes and Harqutffcs, and to all the eldeft Sons of Esrls, and none under. All Barms of England are exempted from all Attendance at Sheriffs Jeans, or any Letts where others are obliged to take the Oath of Allegiance. A Peer can’t be outlawed in any Civil Aflion, becaufe he can’t be Arrelted by any Capias.; and by the lame rea- lon there lies no Attachment againft him. A Peer mute upon his Trial, fhall be convift, but not preft to Death, as a Commoner is; for by the Cuftom of England (as is by the Law of the Empire) Mila non terrpten- lur in (juifos Plcbei son/rterintHr, & Miles nen fttfpendvntur, ltd dic.ipitantur : Yerthis by the nleer Favour of the King, and in fome Cafes, efpecially of Felony, hath been otherwife fometimes. For 285 K1)Z picfetu Estate PartlH, For the fuppreflingof Riots and Routs, the Sheriff m ,y raife the Pnjfe Ctmitatus, thar is, all able Men are tn a flif| him, yet may not the Sheriff command the Perfon of a „y Peer of the Realm tq attend that Service, A Barm of Parliament being lent for by the King’e Writ or Letter, or by his MefTcnger to com: to Court or to hi. liatmnt, or to appear before the Cornin'/ Bmrd, or in hi; Court of Ckrcy, may both coming and returning by the King’s Foreft or Park, kill one or two Deer. In any Civil Tryal where a Peer of the Realm is Phi* tiff or Defendant, there mud be returned of the Jury u lead one Knight, otherwife the Array may be quafhed by Cbalhtge. 1 The Laws of England are fo tender of the Honour, Cre¬ dit, Reputation, and Perfons of Noblemen, that there is a Statute on ’purpofe to hinder all Offence by falfe Reports, whereby any Scandal to their Perfons may arile, or Debate and Difcord between them and the Common;; And becaufe it is to defend not only Lay-Lords, but Bi- fhops, and all great Officers of the Realm, it is called Sen- dahm Mapiatum. TheHoufeof -Peers can’t in feme Cafes fas in feard for prohibited Books,.eft J beentred by Officers of Juliice wirhout a Warrant under the King’s own' Hand, and the Hands of fix of his Privy Council, whereof Four to b; Peers of the Realm. No Peer can he aflefTed towards At Standing Militia ■ but by lix or more of tltemfelves. The Law allowing any one of the Commonalty, being Arraigned for Felony or Treafon, in ja-jir,m vit*, to club lenge thirty five of his Jury, without (hewing Caufe, and others by (hewing Caufe ; yet allows not a Peer of the Realm to challenge any of his Jury, or to pur any of rlitm ro their Oath, the Law preluming, that they being all Peers of rhe Realm, and judging upon their Honour, can¬ not be guilty of Faljhnd, Favrnr, or Halite. All Peers of the Realm have a Privilege of qualifying a certain number of Chaplains, who (after a Dil’penfation from rhe Arcbbifhop, if to him it feems good, and the lame ratified under the great Seal of England) may lio'J plurality of Benefices, with Cure of Souls- In this man¬ ner every Duke mav qtnlifie fix Chaplains, every M.irquis and brl five a-piece, every Vifcount four, and every Baron three. PartHI. of ENGLAND. 287 A Peer of the Realm may retain fix Aliens botn, where- «another may not retain above four. In cafe of Amercements of the Peers of the Realm up¬ on fn-Sui:;, ,J r other Judgments, a Duke is to be amer¬ ced onlv ten Pounds and all under only five Pounds; jnd this tn he done by theii Peers, according to Magna chrla, aJcho’ it is often done now by the King’s Juftices, inilead of their Peers; particularly by the Barons of the Exchequer, hecaufe formerly there i'at no other in that Court 1 lane Barons of England ; and now the ufual A- nicrce’inent of a Duke is 100 pounds, and of a Baron, not lefs than five Founds. . All Peers of the Realm being conftant Hereditary Coun¬ ter, of the King, in his great Council of Parliavunt, and Icing oblig’d upon the King’s Summons to appear, and mend in'all Parliaments upon their own Charges, were uiviledged from contributing ro the Expence of any Mem¬ ber of the Houfe of»Commons, for which no Levy might le made upon any of their Lands, parcel of their Earldom tr Emilies, any* of their /indent Dmtjn, Copyhtld or ViU bin Taunts. The Lftarejo f a,eersof the Re^im, being judged in the Eye of the Law fufficient at all times to fatislie all' Debts and Damages, fatisfaftion is to be fought by Execu. lion taken forth upon their Lands and Goods, and not by Attachments, Impril’onmcnrs of their Perfons, fthofe are robe always fine for the Service of the King and Kingdom.) not bv Exigent t, or Capiat Vtltgatm, See. Oilier Privileges belong to the Peers of England,is eight Tunot Wine Ctiftom-free to every Earl, and to the reft proportional.'!)', &c But no Lord hath thefe Privileges of Peerage, bur Lords of Parliament, ’vise,. no Dukes or Earls tided Sons, Seotchoe Irifh Lords, unlefs fummoned by the King's Writ to an Enghjb Parliament. lN’otwitliftanding thefe great Privileges belonging to the Mobility of England, yet the greateft of them (no not the teller or Soil of the King) ever had the Priviledge of the brandeesof Spain, lobe covered in the King’s Prefence, except only H.nry Raich']}', Earl of Sarny. Nor ever had that higher Priviledge of the Nobility of France, avhofe iLmahi Lands and their Dependants holding them, are ex- tinpted flom all Cdnrributions and Taxes, by which Favour tky aie tied to their King, and lb enabled to ferve him, 188 Hir pjffcnt fetatt Part Ilf, that although Rebellions are frctnien' , vet feldum of long Continuance, and never prolpcrouv, whereas tk faiglied born Subjectof En%lmd hull herein no more pri- viledge than rhe meaned Ploughman, but utterly wants that kind of Reward for ancient Viitue, and Encoi.ragt- ment fur future Indufiry. If an Afftal of Murder or Felony be fried by any com. mon'peribn againd a Peer of rhe Realm, lie Dull be tried by Commoner's, and not by Peers, as was the Cafe of Fim Lord Dacrei. faith Qailllm. No Peer mull go out of the King’s Dominions without Leave; and if any have Leave to go, he is to return up. onthe King’s Writ under the privy Seal, or forfeit Goods tnd Chattels. ^DlffCheilfC.] Touching the Phccs or Prtc’Jmia i. mongftthe Nobility of Englmd, it is to be oblervcd, that (after rhe Kings anil Princes of the Flood, vu- the Sont ( Grandfons, Brothers, Uncles or Nephews of the King, stnd no farther) and after the twu Archbifhops, Duke; amongd the Nobility have the fird place, then Marqutlfo, Dukes elded Sons, Earls, MarquilTes elded Sons, Dukes younger Sons, Vifcounts, Earls elded Sons, Marquilli; younger Sons, Barons, Vifcounts eldeld Sons, Earls young¬ er Sons, Barons elded Sons, Knighrs of the Garret terms t‘ hlariti. There are certain Marks of State that belong to each Degree amongft the Nobility, which they may prahlife ornotpraftife at pleafure. 3 Dllkf ] A Duke may have in all placet out of the King’s prefence, a Cloth of State hanging down within half a yard of the Ground ; fo may his Dutchefs, and her Train born up by a Baronefs ; and no Earl is to Wafh with a Duke without the Dukes permiflion. < fjtteniuiff.j A Marquis may have i Cloth of Eflate teaching within a yard of the Ground, and that in all pieces out of the Prefence of the Killg j or a Duke; and 290 ffiilic $)Ctcni fetatc Partin, his Marchionefs to have her Train born by a Knight’s Wife, out of the prefence of her Superiours; ami in their pro fence by a Gentlewoman : And no Vifcount is to wag. with a Marquis, but at his pleal'ure. ©arl ] An liar! alfomay have a Cloth of Fftatc withon: Pendants, but only Fringe; and a Countel's may have her Train born by an Elquire’s Wife, out of the prel'enceof her Superiours, and in their prelence by a Gentleman. ©ifeount.] A Vifcount may have a Coverof AlTay hoi. den under his Cup while he drinks, but no Allay taken as Dukes, Marquill'es, and Earls may have, and may have i Travers in his own Houfe ; and a Vifcountefs may hive her Gown born up by a Woman, out of the prefence of her Superiours, and in their prefence by a Man. 33arcm.| A IJaron may alfo have the Cover of his Cup holdcn underneath whilft he drinketh, and a Baronefs may have her Gown born up by a Man in the prelence of a Vifcountefs. ' All Nephews and Grandfons of a King are born as Arch- Dukes, and have Title of Highiiefs ; their Caps of State in¬ dented. All Dukes elded Sons are born, and have Title as Mar- quilfes, and the younger as Lords, with the addition of their Chrijlinn Names, as Lord 'Ibmai, Lord John, &c A Marquis’s eldeft Son is called Lord of a Place, (amity the Courtefy of England, Earl) and is to go asan Earl, but ihall give placeto an Earl, and the younger Sons Lords, as Lord 'I'hmst, Lord Jolm, &c. An Earl’s eldeft Son is born as a Vifcounti and Ihall go as a Vifcount, and (hall have as many powderings as i Vifcount; fo their younger Sons are faid to be born as Ba¬ rons, but Ihall go after all Barons, and before all Uaronets; And an Earls eldeft Son is called Lord ot a Place, and all his Daughters Ladies ; but his youngeft Sons no: Lords. A Vifcount’s eldeft Son is no Lord, nor bis Daughters Ladies ; And therefore the eldeft Son and the elded Daughter of the firft Vifcount of England, is faid to U the tirft Gentleman and Gentlewoman without Title in £«gW; Yet a Vilcount’s eldeft Son is laid to be bonus ,A Nobleman, whether Englijh or Foreignei, who hath his Title of Nobility only from a Foreign Monarch or Sou. PartHI. of ENGL AND. 29 t t!io’ lie comes into England by the King’s fafe Conduft, and tho’ the King ftile him by his Title of Dignity, yet in all our Law Proceedings no notice is taken of his Nobility ; nay, tho’ he be Naturaliz’d by Aft of Parliament, or born in England with that Foreign Title, unlefs the King’s Writ hath l'ummoned him to Parliament: For it appertained to the Royal Prerogative of the King, to call and admit an Alien born, to have Place and Voice in his Parliament at hispleafure. Guil. Herald, p. a. p. rfi. Kotealfi, That the highelf and lowed Degrees of Nobili¬ ty are univerfally acknowledged ; for a Knight (Englijh or foreigner) is a Knight in all Nations. Alfo if the Emperor or any Foreign King come into this Realm by fafe Conduit, (as Ire ought; for a King or abfolute Prince, though he be in League, may not enter this Land without Licence) in this cafe he {ball here fue and be fued by the Name of Emoem or King, or elfe the Writ {hall abate. Guiliim }#• 17' KfilfnUE.] The Laws and Cuftoms of England (always stilling that Decorum and Convenient} fliould be every where obferved , and confidering the Charges and Expences ap¬ pertaining to the feveral Degrees of Honour, as they be¬ long to Men of principal Service to the King and Realm, both in time of War and Peace) expefted that each of ’em Ihouid have a convenient Ertate, and Value of Lands of Inheritance, for fuppdrc of their Honours and the King’s Service. Therefore anciently when the intrinfrek Value of a Pound Surling was worth 30/. of our Money now, as appears by the then Price of all things, every Knight was to have about 800 Acres, reckoned at to l. yearly in Land ; that is, about Coo l. of our Money at this day : A Baron to have thirteen Knights Fees, and one third part, which a- mounted to about 1C7 1. which multiplied by 30, was as much as 8010 /. a year at this day : And an Earl twenty Knights Fees; a Duke forty. And in cafe of decay of Nobility, or that they had fo far wafted their Revenues, that their Honours could not decently be maintain’d, (as the Roman Senators were in fuch cafes removed from the Senate, fo) loinetimes fome Englijb Barons have not been admitted to lit in the Higher Floufe of Parliament, tho’they kpt the Name and Title or Dignity {Fill. But to prevent this wafting of Revenues, whereof at pre- ftnt there are too many woful Examples in England, the Spa- U a aijV i 9 i JElje Pltftnt State Part 111. m/k King puts a Cur.iter or Guardian over any Lord of S?u, that by Prodigality is like fo to waft his Eftate, as that his Honour and Title cannot be (Efficiently fupportcd. For the better i'upport of thele Degrees of Honour, the King doth ulually upon the Creation of a Duke, Marquis, Earl, or Vifcount, grant' an Annuity or yearly Rent to them and their Heirs, which is fo annexed to the Dignity, that by no Grant, Allurance, or any manner of Alienations can be given from the fame, but is ftill incident to, and a fupport of the fame Dignity, contrary to that Principle in Law, That every Land >} Fee-Simple may be charged with i Rent in Fee-Simple, by one way or other. To a Duke the King grants +o I. heretofore a confiderabli Penlion; to a Marquis 40 Marks; to an Earl 10 1. to 1 Vifcount 20 Marks: To barons no fuch Penfionsare ordi¬ narily granted,only King Charles the Firft creating Momtji) Blount ("the late Earl of Newport) Lord Mounijoy of The I- Jlone , granted him a Pee of 20 Marks per Annum to himand his Heirs for ever- As the King of England hath ever had the repute of the ri- cheft in Domains of any King in Europe, fo the Nobility of FnrJ.vid have been accounted the ridieft in Lands of any Neighbouring Nation ; lome having above 20000 1. year¬ ly, others 15000/. and fo many of them above looca I. that if one with another they have but 8000 /. yearly, it will amount in all among the 17r Lords, to abort 1368000/. a year, about the tenth part of the yearly Re¬ venue of all England. The Englijb Nobility for Valour, Wifdom, Integrity, and Honour, hath in all former Ages been equal to any in Chrsfiendom. Every Lord’s Houfe was a kind of well difeiplin’d Court, infomuch that the Gentry, Males and Females, were won: to be fent thither for vertuous Breeding, and returned «• cellently accomplilhed. At home their Table, Attendance, Officers, Exerrife, Recreatiohs, Garb, was an Honour to the Nation- Abroad they were attended with as brave, numerous, and uniform Train of Servants and Followers as any in Eteripi ; not thinking it confident with their Honours to he leta walk the Streets almoft in Cuerpo with one Lacquey, or no: that, muchlefs to be found drinking in aTavernorCoffre' Houfe. Part. III. of E N GI. A D. 293 Iffomeof the Englijh Nobility, by a long continued Peace, exceffivc Luxury in Diet, want of Afhon, &c. were before the late Wars, born more feeble in Body than their Aticeftors, and by too fine and too full Diet, afterward* were rendred weaker in Mind ; and then during the late Troubles, by much Licentioufnefs, and want of fit Educa- cation were fo debauch’d, that it was lately difficult to find (asfomc are bold to affirm) the Courage, Wifdom, Juffice Integrity, Honour, Sobriety and Courtefie of the ancient Nobility ; yet it is not to be doubted but that under l'uch a Warlike enterpriling Prince as King William the Third, ail thofe Vertues of their Fore-fathers may fpring afrelh. And it is to be hoped we (hall loon fee revived that brave Mar¬ tial Spirit of thofe Euglifi Heroes recorded in Hiftory, The /rondels, Attdleys, Buffets, Beauchamps, Berkleys, Blounts thin/ofes, Cheyney s, Cliffords, Courtneys, Droereuxes, Greanils', Hixards, Lifus, Mohtuis, Morgans, Mcvils, Ogles, Piercies, Sick’ nil, Spencers, Talbots, Veres, Umfhrevills, &c. whofe valiant Exploits, and even their very Names, more than once made Fsme to tremble. CHAP. IV. Of the Commons of England, and therein of B.m - nets, Knights, Efjuires, Gentlemen, Yeomen, Citi¬ zens, Ha ndicraft sfac. T H E Law of England, contrary to the Laws and Cu- ffoms of other Countries, calleth none Nshle under a Bann ; fo that not only all Baronets, all forts of Knights, all Efquires and Gentlemen, but alfo t^e Sons of the No¬ bility are by our Law reckoned amongfi: the Commons of England ; as in Rome there was a middle Rank, inter Sena- tires & Plchem, namely the Ordo Equcjlrss, fo in other C/i.-i- jtim Kingdoms they are (Hied, Miles Minores. The lower Nobility then of England confilts of Baronets, E nights, Efijuirts, and Gentlemen. U 3 JBaro* *94 ffifee JDjcfcnt j&tate Part III. ®arOntfK.] The next Degreee to Barons, are Bon¬ net!, which is the loweft Degree of Honour that is Heredi. Cary’: They are conftituted in the Room of the Ancient Vahafourt, between the Barons of England, and the Orders of Knigbti. Now this Honour was firft inftituted by King James the Firft, Anno 161 r, given by Patent to a Man and his Heirs Males of his own Body lawfully begotten; for which each one is obliged to pay into the Exchequer as much as will for three Years at 8 d. per dicmpiy thirty Foot Soldiers to (erve in the Province of VltUr in Inland ; which Sum amounts to ropy /. which, with Fees, doth commonly a- rife to r 200 1. Baronets have Precedence before all Knights, except Knights of the Garter, Knights who are Privy-Counfel. lors, or Knights Bannerets, made under tire King’s Ban¬ ner or Standard, difplayed in an Army-Royal m open War, and the King perfonally prefent. ' Bnmeti and their eldeft. Sons being of full Age, may claim Knighthood. Baroneti have the Privilege to bear in a Canton of their Coat of Arms, or in a whole Efcutcheon, the Arms of Uljler, viz- in a Field Argent, a Hand Gules. Alfo in the King’s Armies to have place in the grofs near the King’s Standard, with fome particulars for their Fune- rals. The whole number of Baronets in England were not to exceed 200 at one and the fame time; but now their num¬ ber is without limitation : Their Qualifications are, That they be of a good Reputation, and defended of a Grandfi- ther, at leaft by the Father’s fide, that bor? Arms, and have alfo a certain yearly Revenue of 10001. per Arntm de chtro. They take places according to tire priority of the DJte of their Patents. The Title Sir is granted to Ba¬ ronets by a peculiar Claufe in their Patents of Creation, though they be not dubb’d Knights; and their Wives are Ladies. No Honour is ever to be created between Baronets and Barons. , The firft Baronet that was created was Sir FUcholat pm of an ‘jolt, whofe SuccefTor isthercfoie ftiled Primus Barm- mum AnglU. JSnWl PartHI. ofENGLAND. 2 9f jjtnigljt ] Tlie Word Knight is derived from the Ger¬ man Word Knccht, fignifying originally a Luffy Servitor, afterwards, commonly ufcd for a Soldier or Man of War. The Gcrvwn (as the ancient Romanr gave their young Men Tegam Virilcm) by publick Authority bellowed on tlieir young Men able to manage Arms, a Shield 3nd a- Javelin as fit for Martial Service, and to be a Member of the Commonwealth, accounted before but a part of a Family ; and fuch a young Man publickly allowed, they call Knccht; whence we had our Infliturion of Knighthood. A Knight is at this day fignified in Latin, French, Spa- nijb, Italian, and alfo in High and Low Dutch Tongues, by a Word that properly fignifies a Horjcman, becaufe they were wontto ferve on Horleback : yet our Common Law (tiles them Milites, Soldiers, becaufe they commonly held Lands in Knights Service, to ferve the King in his Wars as Soldiers. The Honour of Knighthood is commonly given for fome Perfonal Deiert, and therefore dies with the Perfon delaying and defeends not to his Son. fcnigljM of tl)C Charter.] In England there are fe- veral forts of Knights, whereof the chiefeft are thofe of the Order of St. Grorgr,commonly called Knights of the Garter. This Order is efteemed the moft Honourable, and mod Ancient of any Lay-Order now in ufe in Chriftendom- It began, as appears in the Statutes of this order in 1550. (so Years before the Infliturion of the French Order of St. hit- (had by Lewis II. 8o Years before the Order of the Gol¬ den Fleece was inllituted by Philip the Good of Burgun¬ dy, ipj Years before King James the Fifth refined the Order of St. Andrew in Scotland ; and 209 Years before the King of Denmark began the Order of the Elephant) and the :;d Year of the Warlike and PuilTantKing Edward IU. who triumphed feveral times over France and Scotland-, who held Prifoners at one time in England King John of France, and King David of Scotland ; who, by his Son Edward the Black Prince, expulfcd the Rebels of Cajlilc, and enthroned Din Pedro their lawful King. He that did thefe Mighty and Glorious Exploits, was the Founder of this AfrJ? Ruble Order^ i 9 6 Efec pjefent fetate Part HI, of the Garter, and at firft made choice of the molt Illu- ftrious Perfons of Europe to he of that Royal Society (no doubt) upon a Martial, and not upon any fuch amorous Account as a Garter falling from a Lady’s Leg ; which ri¬ diculous Story, to the Dilhonourof the Order, was firft fanfied by Polydore Virgil, and lince upon his Credit taken up by ma- ny late Authors; but lately confuted at large by Mr. Jjhm.il/, It was fuice commonly called The Order of the Carter, be- cnile this only part of the whole Habit of the Order was made choice of at firft to be conftantly worn, and that to put in mind the Companions of the Order, that as by this Order they were joyned in firm League of Amity and Concord, fo by their Garter, as by a fait tye of AffeSion, they were obliged to love one another. Now left this drift Combination might feem to have had any other Aim or End but what was Honourable and Jull, ad ilviandam malam hterpretatiomm, (as the ancient Re¬ cords of Wmifor fpeakj the faid King commanded that Motto or Imprefs to be wrought on the Garter, viz. Hmi foil tjtti mal y penje, May he k ajh.v.n d who thinks id of it: or as ’tis Proverbially faid, Evil to him who evil thinks. TheRcafon why this Motto was put in French, was, be¬ cause then the King of England being pollefs’d of a great part of France, not only our Laws, Pleadings and Sermons Were in French, but that was the ordinary Language in the Court of England. It appears by ancient Writings, that this Honourable Company is a College or Corporation, having a great Seal belonging to it, and a little Seal of the Sovereign (which is always the King of England,) and of twenty live Companions, called Knights of the Garter ; of a Dean, and twelve Canons, beiides Putty-Canons, Vergers, and other mferiour Officers, and of twenty fix poor Knights, who have no other Maintenance but the Allowance of this G,Hedge, which is given them in relpeft of their Prayers lor the Welfare of the Sovereign and Companions, and as t Reward for Military Service. This Society is entituled to St. George,'v. ho hath been ac¬ counted (as Sr. Dims is of France, St. Andrew of Scotland, St. Patrick of Ireland, St. James of Spain, See.) the Tutelar Saint and Patron of England, and of this Order in particular, and namely that famous Saint and Soldier of Chrift, St. Gmty of Cappadocia . A Saint fo Ulliverfally received in all Paris part III. of E N G L A N D. 197 of Chrifimdm, fo generally attefted by the Ecclefraftical Writers of all Ages from the time of his Martyrdom to this Day, that no one Saint in all the Calendar (except thofe attefted by Holy Scripture) is better evidenced. A Lift of the Officers belonging to the Order of tie GARTER. T Here be alfo certain Officers belonging to this Office, as the Prelate of the Garter, the Bilhop of Wincbeftir ; which Office is fettled on that Bilhoprick : A Chancellor tf tk Garter, the Bilhop of Salisbury, which Office did anciently belong to the Bilhops of Salisbury, and is of late Years by the Sovereign’s Favour re-annex’d to that See : A Rcgijhr, Dean of Winder; which Office belongs to the Deanery. The principal King at Arms, called Garter ; whofe chief FunSion is to manage and rparcial their Solemnities at their Inftallations and Feafts. Laftly, the Ujbcr cj the Gac~ rrr.Ulher of the Black Rod. There are alfo certain Orders and Conftitutions belong¬ ing to the Society, touching the Solemnities in the making thefe Knights, their Duty after Creation, and their high Ptiviledges, too long for this Place. The Colledge is feated in the Caftle of Witsdfor, with the Chappel of St. George, there erefted by King Edvard the Third, and the Chapter-Houfe. The Order of the Garter was wont to be bellowed upon the moft Excellent and Renowned Perfons for Honour and Vertue, and with it a Blue Garter deckt with Gold, Pearls and precious Stones, and a Buckle of Gold to be ivorn daily on the left Leg ; alfo at high Feafts they are to rvear a Surcoat, a Mantle, a high Black Velvet Cap, a Collar of SS’s, compofed of Rofes enamelled Red, within 1 barter enamelled Blue, with the ufual Motto in Letters cf Gold, and between each of thefe Garters, a Knot with Tijlelsof Gold, together with other Stately and Magnifi- c;nt Apparel. They are not to be feen abroad without their Garter upon their left Leg, upon Pain of paying 6 r. 8 d. to the Rcgi- fer; only in taking a Journey, a Blue Ribbon under the i-oot loth Mice, Upon * 9 8 Tcit gjcftiu &tatc Part III, Upon the Left Side, upon a Cloak, Coat, or riding Cat fock, in all places of AfTembly, when they wear not their Robes, they are to wear that Ornament and Imbeliflimem now worn, and called the Star, or rather the Sun in its Glory, of Silver Embroidery-, and they ordinarily weir the Pifture of St. George enamell’d upon Gold, and befet with Diamonds at the end of a blue Ribbon that hangs over that left Shoulder. , The greats ft Monarchs of 'Chriflendom have been en¬ rolled, and have taken it for an Honour to he of this There have been of this Order, fince the Inftitution, Eight Emperors, Twenty {even, or Twenty eight Foreign Kings, betides many Sovereign Primes, &c. Htte, That none can be of this moft Honourable Order, that have been convifted of Herelie, of Treafon, ot of Cowardife. Note, That antiently Kings and Princes were placed ac¬ cording to their Creations, but now thofe only are place! according to their Degrees. See more of this Noble Order in the Inftitution, Laws, and Ceremonies of she smjl mile Order of the Garter, written by Elites djbmole Efq; Folio. ttnigbftf » annerrt|S.]In the next place are KsiightsBi* meets, Equites Vexiliiferi, antiently made only in the Field in time of War, an high honour, now obfolete, there being at this time none of this Order in England. Thefe may bear their Arms with Supporters, and non: under this Degree. jknigfjttfOf the J 3 atl).] Knights of the Bath, fo called of their Bathing, ufed before they were created. The liu of this fort weremadehyHen.IV. /inno 1399. who pie¬ paring for his Coronation, made forty fix Knights at the Tow er that were bathed, tho’ bathing was ufed in malting Knights Batchelors long before that time in Frame, and probably in England. See Selden’s T:t. of Hon. f. a. c. 5. I- 34W4C. They are now commonly made at the Coro¬ nation of a King or Queen, or Creation of a Prince 0! Wales, or Duke of the Royal Blood. They wear a Scarlet Ribbon Beltwife. They are ftill made with much Ceremo¬ ny. too lr n.’, here to be defetibed. See x large in Dstgdaki Dcfciiptioil of W.trsottkjhirc. part III. of ENGLAND. 299 fcnig!)tet 53atC(jElO^JEf.] Other Knights called Emuc: urai from the guilt Spurs nfually put upon them, and tight Ba'.chclhrs. Tliefe were anciently made by gird¬ ing with a Sword and Gilt Spurs, and this Honour was bellowed only upon Sword-men for their Military Service, or upon Children who came of Noble and Puillant Paren¬ tage, to encourage them when they grew up to do like their Anccliors. 1 have hard, laid Judge Thirning (upon the flench in the Reign of Henry IVJ that a Lord had lfjitc a Sat, and carried him to tht Font, and prtfetitly as Join as he tsts Baptized, took, his Sward and made him a Knight, faying, It a good Knight, for yon fhall never be a good EJrjuirs ; minti¬ ng the gM-er Title drowns the left. Seld. Tit. Hon. p. -. p. C 4 ;. For if an Ffquire be made a Knight, he’lofeth his name of Eftpwe ; but yet if a Knight be made a Nobleman, he re¬ tains the name of Knight, and fo ought to he filled in all Writs. This aforefaid Lord, I fuppofe, was fome Earl at lead ; for Earls had in antient times a power of conferring Knight¬ hood, hut now none can make a Knight, but only the'King, or a Lieutenant-General by his Commiffion. This was reputed an excellent and glorious Degree, and a noble Reward for couragious Perfons; but of late being made more common, and bellowed upon Gown-men, con¬ trary to the nature of the thing fas Degrees in the Univer- lities are lometimes bellowed on Sword-men) it is become of much lefs Reputation in England than it hath been, al¬ though it be dill accounted an honourable Degree both in England and Foreign Countries; yet among!! Gown-men, 'tis given only to Lawyers and Phylicians. And fometimes to Artifls, as Painters, Mathanaticians, Sec. Thefeare now made with no other Ceremony but kneel¬ ing down, the King with a drawn Sword lightly touches them on the Shoii!der; after which the King heretofore faid in French, Sois Chevalier an nmde Diets, and then, Ad¬ vance Chevalier. Knights have the Title of Sir, as Sir A. B. Knight, which is very ancient; it was of common ufe in the time of Esiw.Vl. When a Knight is to fuffer death for any foul Crime, his Military Girdle is firll to be ungirt, his Sword taken away, his Spurs cut off with an Hatchet, his Gauntlet pluckt off' and his Coat of Arms reverfed. CfQuirt.J joo JEije^jefeiit <&tste Part III, <®fquire.l Next among the lower Nobility, are Ejmim fo called from the french Word £/««» S f m becaufe they were wont to bear before the Prince m War, or be. fore the better fort of Nobility a Shield, Liunce, or other Weapons, and therefore they are called Anmgen. Of this Title are firft all Vifcounts and Barons elded Sons, and all Vifcounts and Barons younger Spot; and by the Common Law of England, ail the Sons of Earls, Mu. quifles and Dukes are Efquires and no more. Next.are the Efcuires of the King’s Body, mentioned among the Of. fleers of the King’s Court; after thefe are reckon d the elded Sons of younger Sons of Barons, and of all Noble¬ men of higher Degree i then Knights elded Sons, and their elder Sons for ever. NextErquirescreatedby the Km,, by putting about their Necks a Collar of SS s. and be- flowing on them a pair of Silver Spurs- Laflly, divers that are in fuperior publick Office for King or State, ate reputed Efquires, or equall to Efquires, as SergeanK of the feveral Offices in the Kings Court and «h« Ogffl of Rink and Quality ; fo Juftices of the Peace, May ors of Towns; fo Counfellors at Law, Batchelors of Divinity, Law, ot Phylick, although none of them are re- a, The Knights and Efquires of this Nation, for Valour and Courage, for Wifdom! good Hofpitality, Literature,ando- ther Gejiteel Qualities, might compare with any Kingdom ‘"h&'flplace, among the Jower Nobilityare account¬ ed the Gentry of England, that have no other Title, but a defeended of antient Families, that have always born a UP. 0f ^tind of Honour is derived from the Germ,ms to the red of C.hrtfendm, and was never kno#rn in any Coun¬ try wli-re the German Cufloms were unknown, as in m Africa, and Africa. The Germans antiently oft warrm? anun ' tiicralclv'cs, painted their Scutcheons with the Picture of fame Biift Bird, or other thing for diftinftion* and put j fome eminent and vifible Mirk upon the Crefts of their i Helmets; and their Ornament both of Arms and Crel, defeended by the Inheritance of their Children, to the eh | ded pure, and to the red, with feme note of d.ft.na.on, fueh as the oi l Mader of Ceremonies , ill Ihgh-DuUt, Hired! , now Herald, thought fit- ^ PartHI. of ENGLAND. j 0 i Gmilmm, 1««fi Gcntilis, which in the pure!! times of the Rot m Tongue, fignified the fame thing with them, asGrir- lfe»jn doth with us, to nit, one of a good Family, none of whole Anceftors were ever Servants, and wlto themfelves were never degraded by realon of Misdemeanour or Pover¬ ty, according to Cicero's definition. Jn Topicis Gentiles Junt pii’itir fc codemfunt Nomine, ab ingenuis Orimdi, quorum Uijirum nemo [ervitutem fervivit, & qui Capiti Dimimtinen [as: ; where Servitutem feruire, is to be underftood of mean and bife Servitude, not ferving a Prince or Senator ; thefe were Gentlemen by Birth ; but fince the declining of the Empire, Gentility is, as the Lawyers Phrafe is, Da:ism, as well as Na:iva t And notwithftanding the Spanijb Proverb, ORij no putiie hater Hidalgo, the King cannot make a Gen¬ tleman, (meaning Hijod' al G odo, or Filins Got hi, the Son of a Gilb, or of an antient Family ; they reckoning their Anceltry from the Goth, as we do ours from the French under William the Conqueror) yet the King of England an make a Gentleman by Charter, or by bellowing an honourable Employment on him, Gentlemen well defeended, and well qualified, have always been of fuch Repute in England, that none of the higher Nobility, no nor the King himfelf, have thought it unfitting to make them lbmetimes their Companions. The Title of Gentlemen in England (as of Ca-jclicr in Franco, Italy, and Spain) is not dil'dained by any Nobleman. All Noblemen are Gentlemen, though all Gentlemen are i not Noblemen. Gaift'wisof the Opinion, that if a Gentleman be bound an Apprentice to a Merchant, or other Trade, he hath not thereby loll his'Degree of Gentility. Part o.Cap.iC. p.ics. The true Englijh Nobility and Gentry have in ail times made it their main Aim to endow their Sons with fuch Accomplilhments .efpeci.illy, as might render them capable to defend their Country in time of War, and to govern it in time of Peace ; for which two things all Gentlemen feemtobeborn ; and therefore their chief Studies nave ever beenthatof the great Emperor Jtijliman, and Humid be of all Princes and Nobles, v;z. Dorn: Leges & font Anna quart iptima callert ; To be excellently shiit’d in the Art cf War abroad, and in the Laws of tiie Land at home. %\)t p^cfent §>tatc PartHI, Trivi'.eJges of the Lower Nobility. T H E lower Nobility of England have fewer and lets Priviledges than thole in other Monarchies. Some few Priviledges belong to Knights , qutimti Knights. Knights arc excufed from attendance at Court Ltin. Knights by Magna Chart a,cap. 21. are fo freed that no Ds- mein Cart of theirs may he taken. The Son and Brother of a Knight, by Statute Law, are capacitated to hold more than one Benelice with cure ° f B S y°thc>Stat. prime Jacobi frimi, itfeems that Knights and their Sons, (though they cannot fpend 10/. per Annum not are worth 200 /.) may keep Greyhounds, Setting-Dogs, or Nets, to take Phealants or Partridges. Some Priviledges alfo belong to Gentlemen ; antiently if an ignoble Perfon did (hike a Gentleman in England, he was to lol'e his Hand. A Gentleman, by Stat. quin. Elia,, cap, 4. may not be compelled to ferve in Husbandry If a Capiat go againft A. B- Yeoman, and it the Sheriff take A. B. Gentleman, an Aftion of falfe Imprifonment lyeth againft the Sheriff- The Child of a Gentleman brought up to fing, cannot be taken without the Parents and Friends Confent, to ferve in the King’s Chappel, as others may. The Horfe of a Gentleman may not be taken to ride Note, That as there are fome great Officers of the Crown, who for their Dignity, and worth of their Places, although they are not Noblemen, yet take piaceamongft thehigheft of the higher Nobility, lb there are fome Perlons who for theif Dignities in the Church, Degrees in the Univcrlity, Offices in the State or Army, although they are neither Knights nor Gentlemen born, yet take place amongftthem; fo all Deans, Archdeacons, Chancellors, Prebends, Doftors of Divinity, Law, Phylick, and Mulick, Heads of Houle in the Univerfities, ulually take place next to Knights, and before ordinary Efqvires and Gentlemen. , part HI. of ENG LAND. }o; Yet in other Chriftian Countries where the Civil Law lutli its due credit in fuch Afts as concern Learning, a Doftor of Law hath precedence of a Knight; as all'o ac Court and foreign Parts, thole Doftors that wait on the Prince, precede Knights who are Servants to the Prince ; tucotherwife Knights ufually take place of Doftors. Colonels are Honourable, and by the Law of Arms ought to precede limple Knights; fp are all General Officers, as Miller of the Artillery, Quarter-Mafter-General, &t. All higher Officers in the King’s Court or State, all Set- geants at Lnv,&c. thele are to precede Efquires, All Batchelors of Divinity, Law, and Phylick, all Do- Son in Arts, commonly called Mailers of Arts, all Bar- riders in the Inns of Court, ail Captains, and other Mi¬ litary Officers who have the King’s Commillions, divers other Officers in the King’s Houlhold, &c. may equal, if not precede Gentlemen that have none of thefe Qualifica- In England Gentry (as in Germany, all Nobility,) and Arms are held in Gavel-kind, defeending to ail the Sons alike, on¬ ly the elded Son beareth Arms without difference, which die younger nuy not. Of the Lower Nobility in England, the number is fo great, that there are reckoned at prefent above 500 Baronets more than the lirff intended number; that is, in all above 700, who are polled one with another, of about 1200/. a year in Lands. Of Knights, above 1400, who one with another may have about 800 /. Lands a year. Of Efquires and Gentlemen above lix tlioufand, each one poffelt One with another, of about 400 1. a year in Lands, amounting in all to about a third part of the yearly Revenue of all Iryhrd : Belides younger Brothers, wlrofe number may a- mount to above 16000 in all England, who have fmallEttates in Land, but are commonly bred up to Divinity, the Law, Phylick, to Court and Military Employmdhts. All in England are accounted Gentlemen who maintain themfelves without Manual Labour, and then well,may thofe fbe their Pedegree what it will) who have 6, 8, and 10000 I. a year in Lands, and divers Merchants who have 100000 or 200000/. in Goods and Eifefls, ftile themfelves Gentlemen. Hcomou] 3 o 4 &t«te Part III, fBeOmnt.] Next to the Lower Nobility, and the firft de¬ gree of the Commons or Plebeians, are the Freeholders, in England, commorily called Teamen, from the High-Dulib Gttnin, or Gcmain, in Englifh Common : So in the King’s Court it fignifies an Officer which is in a middle place be¬ tween a Sergeant and a Groom ; or elfe from the/ara-Dnrri Taman, fome Body. The Yeomanry of Englani having Lands of their own to a good value, and living upon Husbandry, are looked upon as not apt to commit, or omit any thing that may en¬ danger their Eftates and Credits, not apt to be corrupt¬ ed orfuborn’d, &i. wherefore they are adjudged fit to bets fome Offices, as of Conflable, Church-warden, to ferveup. on Juries, to be trained Soldiers, to vote in the Eleftionof Knights of the Shire of Parliament, -&c. In Cafes and Caufes, the Law of England hath conceived a bettet opinion of the Yeomanry that occupy Lands, than of Tradefmen, Artificers or Labourers. Husbandry hath in no Age rendred a Gentleman ignoble, nor incapable of Places of Honour. Among the Roman;, fome of the greateft Dictators and Confuls had been once Husbandmen, and fome of them ta¬ ken from ploughing their Ground, to bear thofe liighel! Offices and Dignities, as/,. %Gincinnatus, one of the Care’s, and many others, fo divers Princes, Kings, and Empe¬ rors have exercifed Agriculture ; and the grand Stipio, and the Emperor Dieclrjian, left their Commands to en|oy Huf- bandry. Of the Freeholders of England, there are more in num¬ ber and richer than in any Country of the like Extent in Europe; 40 or 50 l. a Year apiece is very ordinary, too and 100 /. a year in fome Counties is not rare ; fometimes in Kent 1000, and 1500 1. per Annum, and 3 or 4C00/. Stock. * ... By the Statutes of England, certain Immunities are given to Free-holders. Vide Hat. J lac. I. cap. 17. & alibi. Befides thefe Freeholders which are fo called, (became they hold Lands or Tenements inheritable by a perpetual Right to them and their Heirs for ever) there are in Englati a very great number of Copy-holders, who hold Lands within fome Mannours, only by Copy of Court-Roll of the faid Mannour, &c. and have ‘Jut perpetnum & utilcDn mw&, Part Iff. of ENGLAND. joy though not Allodium & directum Dominium, which Freeholders may improperly be faid to have ; for property none in England but the King hath. Theft Yeomen were famous in old time for Military Va¬ lour and Hatdinefs.when we fo often conquered France ; and of theft is, or fhould be the Militia of England chiefly compofed' Amongftthe Commons of England, j£ the next place, are reckoned Tradefmcn, among w horn Merchants of Foreign •Traffic!:, have, for their great benefit to the Public!;, and for their Endowments and generous Living, been of beft Repute in England ; and although the Law of England looks upon Tradefmcn and Chapmen, that live by buying and felling, as a mean fort of People, and that a Ward within Age might bring hisA&ion of Difparagement againfl his Guardian for offering any fuch in Marriage ; yet in Eng¬ land, as well as Italy, to become a Merchant of Foreign •Commerce, hath been allowed no Dilparagemeut to a Gen¬ tleman born, cfpccially to a younger Brother. Amongft Tradefmen, in the firff place are Whole-fale Men, tiicn Retailers; laftly, Mechinicks, or Handicrafrs- Men. Tliefe arc alUapable of bearing loineSway or Of¬ fice in Cities and Towns Corporate. The lowed Member,- the Feet of the Body politick, are the Diy-Labnurers, who by their large Wages and the cheapnels of all Necelfmes, enjoy better Dwellings, Diet and Apparel in England, than the Husbandmen or Farmers do in many other Countries. Liberties and Priviledgcs. A S the Clergy and Nobility, have certain Priviledges peculiar to themfelves, fo they have Liberties and Properties common to the Commonalty of England. The Commons of England for Hereditary Fundamental Liberties and Properties, are blefl above and beyond the Subjefts of any Monarch or State in the World.' Firth, No Freeman of England ought to be imprifon’d. or otherwife teffrain’d, without Caule flrewn, for which by Liw, he ought to be fo imprifoned. X Second- jc 6 SEIjc Pjcfnit ftiatc r ar t 111. Secondly. to him that is imprifimed, may not be denici a Writ of il.it>c,n Corp'is, if it l.edefired, which brings 'em lpeedily to their Trial. Thirdly, if no Caufe of Imprifonment he alledged, ln J the fame be returned upon an H.’.btas Corpus , then the I’nic- ncr ought to be let at liberty. fourthly, m Soldiers can be quartered in the Haul; of any freeman, &n time of Peace, without his Will, rhout'h they pay for their Quarters ; nor in time of War, fcnicis rhe fnemy be in our Country. I ifthly,' every freeman hath lucli a full and abfolute Pro ptiety in his Goods, that no Taxes, Loans, or Benevolence v.dinarily and legally can be impofed upon them, wither: ti.eir own Content, .by their Representative in Parliament Moreover, they have fucli an Abfolute Power, that they cm difpnfe of all they have how they pleafe, even fan t!' ■ r own Children, and to them in what Inequality the; v il, without fliewing any Caufe ; which other Nation' t, jtii’iI l y theCivilLaw can’t do. Si: thly, No Enrlijbiiim can be prels’d or compeH'dfunle' f und by his Tenure) to march forth cf his County,!) feive as a Soldier in the Wars, except in cafe of a Ft reign Knemy’s invading, or a Rebellion at home: No may he be lent cut of the Realm againil his Will, li¬ on any foreign fmployment, by nay of an Uonourab; llanilhment. Seventhly, No freeman can be tried but by his Peers nor condemned, but by the Laws of the Land, or by i: Aft of Parliament. Eighthly, No freeman may be fined for any Crime, !c according to the Merit of the'Offence, always c.i.'vj; ojiin, in fuch manner that lie may continue, ai go on in his Calling. Brivlly, If it be confidered only, that they arc lubjed to no .Laws but what they make thcmfelves, nor noTiia but what they impofe upon tlumfdves, ami pray’the Kir.: and the Lords toconfent unto, their Liberties and Probi¬ ties muff he acknowledged to be tranlcendent, and thr-t worldly Condition mod happy and blelled, and lo far a- hove tlut of the Subjefts of any of out Neighbour Ni- ti ills, that as all the Women in Europe would tun into &j- C- d. (tiie Paradifc of Women) if there were a Bridge made over tile Sea ; foalfithe Men too, if there u ere bur-: At: for a geaieral Naturalix.it'-. n -f all Aliens. CHAP of ENGLAND. C H A R V. of the Women, CbilJrcn, and Servants in England. "TOuching the Women of England, there are clivers things I conliderable in the Englijh Laws and .Cultoms. Wo- men in England, with all their Moveable Goods fo foon as they are married, are wholly in pnefiate fin, at the Will and Difpofition of the Husband. If any Goods or Chattels be given to a Feme Covert, (hr.) to a married Woman, they all immediately become her Husband’s: She can’t Let, Set, Sell, Give away, orA- lienate any thing without her Husband’s Confent. Her very necelTiry Apparel, by the Law is not hers in Property. If ihc hath any Tenure at all, it is in Capite, that is, (lie holds it of, and by her Husband, who is Capa r All the Chattels perfonal the Wife had at the Marriage, srefo much her Husband’s, that after his Death, they (ball not return to his Wife, but go to the Executor, or Admi- niHrator of the Husband, as his other Goods and Chattels, except only her Paraphirna, or prater Dotalia, which are her necelfary Apparel, which, with the Confent of her Husband, file may devife by Will, not othersvife by our Luv, becaul'e the Property and Polleflion, even of the Pa. ra pinna are in him. The Wife can make no Conttaft without her Husband's Confent, and in all Law Matters finevin rcjponderemnpetcf, can't reply without her Husband. The Law of England fuppofes in the Husband the Pow¬ er over his Wife, as over iiis Child or Servant, and there¬ fore he mull anfwer for his Wife’s Fault; if (lie wrong mother by her Tongue, or by Trefpafs, he mult make S'l'isfacHon. ho the Law makes it as high a Crime, and allots the fame Pimilhment to a Woman that (hall kjll her Husband, as to i Woman that (hall kill her Father or Mailer; and that is Petit-Trealbn, to be burnt alive. X: ,c8 SCljc pjcfcnt feistt Part lit So that a Wife in England is dcjve, but the heft of Ser¬ vants, having nothing her own, in a more proper fenfe riun a Child hath, whom hi. Father buffers to call many things his own, yet can dilpofeof nothing. The Woman upon Marriage loietii nor only the Posvet over her l’erfon, and her Will, and the Property of her Goods, but her very Name; for ever after lhe uferhhtr Husband’s Surname, and her own is svholly laid afide; which is not obl'erved in Frame and other Countries, whert the Wife fubfcribes her felf by her Paternal Name, as if Snfann» the Daughter of R. C hfford, be married to E. Ckm- hrlaytu, lhe either writes her felf Sujrna Clifford, or elfe Sulama ClUMChjmkrhjitc. Notwithstanding all which their Condition defach istia bell of the World ; forfuch is the good Nature of £njli> turn towards heir Wives, fuels is the Tendernefs and Re fpeft, giving them the uppermoil place at Table, and elfe where, the Right-hand every where, and putting them up¬ on no Drudgery and Hardihip j that they are, generally fpeaking, the moll happy Women in the World. Befides in fume things the Laws of England ire above o- ther Nations, fo favourable to that Sex, as if Women hid voted sir the making of them. If a Wife bring forth a Child^during her Husband’s long Ablence, though it be for fonae Years, yet if he Hvd all the tme inter ifMttur Maria, within this Ifland, hemutt Father that Child ; and if that Child heller Hrft bom Son, he Ihall inherit that Husband’s Lilate, if Intailed, ot lift withour Will. If a Wife bring forth a Child begotten by a former Hus¬ band, or by anv other, before Marriage, but born after Marriage with 'another Man ; this latter mufi own tk Child, and that Child Ihall be his Heir at Law. The Wife after Iter Husband’s Death, having no Joyn- ture fettl’d before Marriage, may challenge the third put of his yearly Rents of Latsd during her Life ; and Wit« the City of ' London, a third part of all Iter Husband s Mo¬ veables for ever. As the Wife doth patticij fo likewise of his Condition, chefs; if he be a Knight, Hi- to, made a Denifon, ihe is . e of bet Husband’s Nam;, he be a Duke, (lie is a Da¬ is a Lady; if he be an Ali- » faElo i'o too. If a Ft? made a ueniton, me is ;fjo jaao w uju. .. • marry a Bond-woman, She is alfo Free, during the to- part. III. of ENG LAD. j£ , 9 vemite ; whereof alio k is laid as before, t'ecr faig,: ,-j- All Women in England ate computed under Noble or Ignoble. Noble-Women are fo three manner of ways, «. by Creation, by Defccnt, and by Mdrriligc The King, the fountain of Honour, may, anil oft hath created Women to be I 5 «oneiresCoui\cclles,Dutehellrs,dtr- As by Richard the Second’s Creation, A/,ng«iv.\ Countels of Rirjoik, was made Dutchcfsof HorfolL fur Life; fu Bihn, afterwards Wife to Hru. VIII. was made Marchionels of Pur,inks ; the Lady Mary Cmfton in King Jam;! the Firft’s time, was made Countefs of Buckingham for Life ; the fad King James made the Lady Finch Vilcnuntefs of M.i,i. Jim, toiler and the Heirs Males of her Cody, with a fpe.i- alClaufe, that fuch her Heirs Males Ihould have Voice and Place in Parliament, & inter alios I'iceComius & aim Barones, vUitmitil hlaidfim ; See hkewife in the Rolls her Pa¬ tent of Creation lince made to her, alfo of the Title of Countefs of IVinchclfea, for an Example of Feminine Cre¬ ations. Scld. Tit. Hon. P. a. C. 9. £ 1. By Delcent all tliofe Women are Noble, to whom Lands holden by liich Dignity, do defeendas Heirs : for Digni¬ ties and Titles of Honour, for want of Males do fometimes defeend ro Females, but to one of them only, becaule they are things in their own Nature intire, and not to be divided amongtf many (as the Lands and Tenements are which delcend to all the Daughters equally,) betides, by- dividing Dignities, the Reputation of Honour would be loft, and the Strength of the Realm impaired; for the Ho¬ nour and Llm-alry of the Realm, doth chiefly conhlt in the NobimV thereof. iiy Marriage all Women are Noble, who take to their Husbands an, Baron or Peer of the Realm ; but if after- virj, they unify to Men not Noble, in the lenfe of the Law they I ole their former Dignity, and follow the Con¬ dition of their jatter Husband ; for codemnodo diffihiur m» Ntiiilitas, can mfiiinitur. ' But Women Noble by Crc .- tion, or belcenf, -or Bircb-righc, remain Noble, though they marry Husbands under their Degree; for fuch Ni¬ hility is accounted C hara'eUr iniclebilis. Here note, that by the Courtelies of England, a Woman Ncble only by Mar¬ riage, always retainfcth her Nobility ; and vq the Widow ;io Efee pjcftnt &tatc Part III, of a Knight, married to an inferiour Perfon, retainethby Courtelie the Title and Name goccoii by her former Huf- band ; but if the Kind’s Daughter marry a Duke or an Earl, illafimpcr dicitur Rcgalis, as well by Law as Courtelie. Note alfo, That any Woman who is Noble by birth, if fhe be married to a Baron, takes place according to the Degree of her Husband, though Ihe be a Duke’s Daugh¬ ter : But if Ihe marry to one under tliofe of the higher No. bility, as to a Knight, or Gentleman, then, by Courtelie, place is given according to her Birth, and not her Husband. Noble-Women in the Eye of the Lav, are Peers of the Realm, and are to be tryed by their Peers, and to enjoy molt other Priviledges, Honour and Refpcft, as their Hut- bands; only they can’t in the Opinion of fome great Lawyers, maintain an Aftion upon the Statute of tie Star. dalo Magnatum, the Makers of that Statute meaning only to provide in that Cafe for the Great Men, and not for the Women, as the Words ot that Statute feem to import: Likewife if any of the King’s Servants within his Check- JJoll, ihall confpire the Death of any Noble Woman, this were not Felony, as it is, if like Confpiracy be againft a Noble Man. None of the Wives Dignities can come by Marriage to theirHusband, altho’ all theirGoodsand Chattels do ; only the Wife’s Dignities with the Lands are to delcend to her next Heir : Yetis the Courtefie of England fucli, that,as the Wife for her Dowry hath the third part of her Huf- band’s Lands, during her Life, fo the Husband for the Dignity of his Sex, and for getting his Wife with Chill, (which mud appear by being born alive) (hall have all his Wife’s Lands (for his Dowry, if it may be fo called) during his Life : But if a Foreign Lady or Gentlewoman many an Englijb Man, and Ihe her l'elf be not denizen’d, Die is burr’d all Priviledges and Titles due to her Husband, nos can Ihe claim any Dowry by the Laws of England. Bv the Confticution ot England, married Petfons are fo fid 'joyned, that they may not be wholly parted by any A- greement between themfclves, but only by Sentence ofthe Judges, and fuch Separatum is either a Vincula Natrimm, and that.is, ah pr*canh-nlhtm uihh cancraPlum per mttum tfe Part III. of ENGLAND. 511 The Wife in Englmd is accounted fo much one with her Husband, that the can’t be produc’d as VVitneli, for or a- gainft her Husband. if there be no Sons, the Lands as well as Gocds are e- qually divided amongft the Daughters, who are Co-heirs. If an Englijh Woman marry a French, Spnmfli, or other foreign Duke, tho’ lie be made a Denizen, yet Ihe lhall not bear his Title and Dignity in legal Proceedings. The like if Ihe marry a Stitch or Irijh Peer, by reafon fuch an ones Husband is not a Peer in England by Law. Children. T H E Condition of Children in England is different from thole in our Neighbour Countries. As Husbands have a more abfolute Authority over their Wives and their Eftates, fo Fathers have a more ablblutc Authority over their Children. Fathers may giveal] their E- teunintailed from their own Children, and all to any one Child, and none to the reft; the Conlideration whereof teas the Children in great Awe. Children by the Common-Law of England arc, at certain Ages enabled to perform certain Afts. A Son, a: the Age of 14 may cliufe his Guardian, may claim his Lands holden in Socage, may content to Mar- e 1 Will difpofe of Goods and Chattels. At the Age of r 5 lie ought to be fworn to his Allegiance At :t he is faidro beat full Age, may then make any Contraft, may pafsnot only Goods, but Lands by Will, and is of Age to fit in either Houle of Parliament f which ia other Countries may not be done, till the Annus Cm- JjjktUu, the Age of at, when the Heat of the Youth is fomewliat abated, and they begin to be (laid in Mind, as "ell as in Growth.) A Daughter at 7 Years is to have Aid of her Father’s Tenants to marry her, for at thole Yeats Ihe nuy .coilfent Mto Marriage, tho’ ihe may afterwards diftynt. At 9 ihe is dosvable. At ;iz lIlje’pHfcm (sute Part III. At it (he is able toratilie and confirm her former Conleni given to Man imony; and if at rlar Age the dident not, the i' bound fur ever; the may then make a Will of Goods and Chattels- At 14 fhe might receive her Lands into her own Hands, and was then out of Wardihip, if Hie was 1+ at the Dealt of her Ancellor. • At 1 (1, (though at the death of her Ancellor flic was un¬ der 14) the was’to be out of Wardihip, bee tufa then it; might take a Husband, who might be able to perform Knight., Service. At :r Ihe is enabled to Contract or Alienate her Lands by Will, or otherwife. The eldelt Son commonly inherits all Lands, and to the younger Children are difpnled Goods and Chat¬ tels, and commonly the eldelt Son’s Wife’s Portion; and betides, they are carefully educated in tome Ftofeflion or Trade. If there be no Son, the Lands, as well as Goods aree- qually divided amongft the Daughters; yet in fome Man- nors, as that of Bruy, the eldelt Daughter l'ucceeds, lit; the eldelt Son, to the whole Inheritance. Of Servants. T HE Condition of Servants in England is much me favourable, than it was in our Anceftors Days, whm it was fo bad, that England was ailed the Purgatory of Ser¬ vants, as it was, and is (till the Paradile for Wives, and the Hell forllorfes. Ordinary Servants are lured COE* monly tor one Year, at the end whereof they may be free, (giving-warning three Months before) and may place themfelves with other Matters, only it is accounted dif- cotirtedus and unfriendly to take another Man’s Servant, before leave given by his former Mafter; and unlawra (the Penalty being five Pound) to take a Servant withoat Certificate - of his Diligence, and of his Faithfolnels in hit Service, .to his former Mafter. .All Servants are fulaje&to hecorrefted by their Malta, or Miftrelfes*, and Reliftance in a Servant is puniihed with a fevjre Penalty; but for a Servant to take away the Life ?mIU. of ENG LAND. ?1 , of his Millet or Millrcfs, is accounted a Crime next to Ihrii-Tr.-afon, and called Pitit-lrtofm, and hath a peculiar jjmillimenr Capital. Prrcign Slaves in England there are none lince Chriftia. j n itj- prevailed. A Foreign Slave brought into England, is ' upon landing, ipfofacio free from Slavery, but not tiom'or- " Some Lands in England are holden in Villanage, to do feme particular Services to the Lord of the Mannor ; and fach Tenants may be called the Lord’s Servants. There is a twofold Tenure called Villanage, one where the Tenure only is Servile, as to plough the Lord’s Grounds, Sow, Reap, and bring home his Corn, Dung his Lander.’ The other whereby both Perfon and Tenure is fervile, and bound in all Refpefts at the Difpofition of the Lord ; fuch Petfons were called in Law, Pure Villains, and were to do all Vilbnous Services, to improve the Land they hold to the Lord’s ufe, themfelves to be wholly at the Lord’s Service, and vhatfoever they get is for their Lord; of fuch there are none now in England. CHAP. VII. Of the Laws of Enlgand. Cibil'T Y 71 J Here Common and Statute-Law takes no Lab), j V \ Cognizance, ufe is made of that Law of Lavs called the Cmt-Lm ; wherein is to be had what all the wifeft and r.nbleft Men of the mod flourilhing and puif- liiit State that ever was in the World, could in rhe 1'pace of many hundred Years by their own Wifdom or Reafon devil!’; or from any other People learn; fo that this Law nay be look’d on as the Produtf of the common Reafon of dl Mankind, and fitted for the Intereft and Welfare, not ot one Nation only, but taking cate for the general Af¬ fairs of all People. Of this Law Ufe is made in all Eccle- fialfical Courts of Bilhops, Archdeacons, Vicats-General, Chancellors, and Commiflaries, whenever Cognizance is ta¬ ken of Wills and Teflamerm, of Tythes, Oblations, Alor- nuries, of-Matrimony’, of Divorce, Adultery,Inceft, For- 514 30 )t JDjcfcnt £>lnte Part HI. nication, Chaffity attempted ; of Sactcd Order/, Inffitutions to Church-Livings, Celebration of Divine Offices, Repara¬ tion of Churches, Dilapidations, Procurations; of Herefie, Apollacy, Atheifm, Sc hi (in, Simony, Blafphemy, where Statute-Law hath not particularly irrterpos’d. So of this Law is made ufe in the Coilrc of Admiralty, in all Affairs immediately relating to the Royal Fleets, toall o- ther VefTels of Trade, and to their Owners and Mari¬ ners, to Commanders at Sea, to Reprisals, to Piracies, to Merchants Affairs, to all Contracts made at Sea, or beyond Sea, in the way of Marine Trade, and Commerce toall Matters touching W recks, Elotjam, 'Jitfam, Lagan, Marint Waifs, Deodands, &c. Moreover Ufe is made of the Ci. vil-Lav in the Court of the Earl-Marfhal taking Cognisance of Crimes perpetrated out of England, of Contrails made in Foreign Parts, Of Affairs of War within and without England, of Controverfies about Nobility and Gentry, or bearing of Coats of Arms, of Precedency, &c. Of this Lawmuch ufe ismadein Treaties with Foreign Potentates, where many Points are to be determined and concluded, according to the direction of this mofl excellent and gene¬ ral approved Law, and for this Caule Foreign Princes take efpecial care to choole fuch Perlons for their Amballa. dors as are skill’d in the Civil-Lav ; and this Policy was heretofore duly obferv’d by our Lnghjh Princes, with very- good Succefs. Laflly, the Two Univulicies of Englmi ferve themfelvesiof the Civil-Law ; for by tlaeir Privi- ledges no Student is to be fued at Common-Law, but in the Vice-Chancellors Courts for Debts, Accounts, In, juries, &c. Canotuftato.] The Canons of many ancient Gene¬ ral Councils, of many National and Provincial Englijh Sy¬ nods, belides divers Degrees of the Biffiop of and judgments of ancient Fathers, had been received by the Church of England, and incorporated into the Body of the Canon-Law, by which fne did ever proceed in the lixercife of her jurifdidioo, and doth Ifil! by Virtue of the Statute a. Hill. VIII. lb far as the laid Canons and Conffittitions are net repugnant to the Holy Scripture, to the King’s Prero¬ gative, or the Laws, Statutes, and Cuftoms of this Realm; aivl thefe are called the King’s Lcclefiaftical Laws, which have lsverel Proceed.::gs, and fcveulLnds from the Tern- PartIIL of ENGLAND. 3 i f pool Laws ; thefc inflating Punifhment upon tlie Body, LmJs, and Goods, andtopunifh the outward Man; hit tlioic \rojalute Anions, to reward tile inward Man , both joining in this, to have the whole Man outwardly and in- tvjtiily reformed. Commoil^ato.] The Common-Law of England i\ the Common Cufloms of the Kingdom, which have by length of time nltained the force of Laws : It is called Lr: non fir;}:.’, (not hut thatwc have moft of them written in the ohliV«™.<» Dialed, which being no where vulgarly ufed, tjtit. r.o more than the Lit in) but becaule it cannot be made by Charter or Parliament, for thofe are always mat¬ ters of Record, whereas Cufloms are only matter of I ; aft, and are no where bur in the memory of the People, and of all Laws mull be the bed lor the Englijb, for the writ¬ ten Laws made in England, by King and Parliaments, are impofod upon the Subjeft, before any Probation orTry- al, whether they are beneficial to the Nation, or agreeable to the Nature of the People, except where they are lirft made temporary, and for rheir known Utility are afterwards nude perpetual; but Cuitoms bind nor the People till they line been tryed and approved time out of mind ; during which time, no Inconveniency arifing to hinder, thole Cufloms became Laws; and therefore when our Parliaments have altered any fundamental Points of our Commoh-Law, • fas fometime hath been done) thofe alterations have been by experience found fo inconvenient, that the fame Law by fuccceding Parliaments hath foon been reltored. This Common-Law is the Quintellence of the Cuftomary Law of the Minium, prevailing before the Conqueft, in the middle Counties of Englatd, called the Kingdom of Mercia, and of the Saxons among theWeft and South Parts,and of the Umn among the Eaji-Angles, allfirft reduced into one Body by King isiward the Elder, about tlie year poo. which for fometime almoft loft, were revived by the good King bboard the Confefor, and by Pofterity named his Laws : Tho’ it muft be owned that our Saxon Anceftors had writ- h’lLmi before this time, as the Laws of jEthilicrht, Hlo- ibre, and Eadric, Kings of Kent, (till extant in the Text ns Roftnfis ; and the Laws of King £lfnd, wherein are alfo con¬ tained thofe more antient ones of King Ina, do plainly fhesv. To thde the Conqueror added fome of the good Cufloms of 316 £!je parent §>:a;r Part III. of Nennandy, and thenhisSuccelfor King_ rd the Fir}, having in his younger years given liimielf fatisfaffion in the Glory of Arms, bent himtelf (like another JuJIaia) to endow his Elfate with divers notable fundamental Laws, ever fince praSifed in this Nation. The excellent convt- niency and connaturalnels of the Common-Law of £»j. gland, to the Temper of EngHlbnn is luch, that the ferns Conlideration thereof induced King James the Firit, in j olemn Speech to prefer it as to this Nation, before the Jo- Jicial Law of Uofif. . Beftdes the Coimnon-Law of England in general, then are in divers parts of England, Cuftoms and Common U- fage, which have the force of Common-Law among thofe People to whofe Property they,belong, as Borough Enghjl,i Cuflom fo called, becaul'e not in ufe out of Englad, where the youngeft Son, or fur want of Sons the young- eft Itiother is to inherit, being prefumed that m Boroughs or 'finding Towns, the elder Sous might probably lute learned their Father’s Trade, and that the youngeft wouh always be leall able to help liimielf. Cavil-kind-, of winch fee Pag. ao. in Kmt,kc. SUtUtoJUU'.] Where the Cmmn-Law is filent, then we have excellent Statute-Lam,' made by the feveral Kings of Engla&l, by and with the Advice and Confent of all ' the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and of all the Coct mons of England, by their Representatives in Parliameu:, whereumo the Englijk eaftly fubmit, as made at their own cirncft Defire and Rerpjeft. All Tryals of Common and Statute-Law are tryed byi Jury tf twelve Men, which is thus : The Sheriff fummom Twenty four Men, Houlholders, out of the Neighbor¬ hood of that place, where the matter comefted lies; agaioji •Twelve of thefe the Parties concerned may object, bat Twelve muft be chofen to try the Caufe. The Lawyers on 1 both Tides plead in open Court before the Judges, thefe ■ Twelve Men (landing near, may hew all that is laid and pro-1 ftuced on either part, anil may ask what Queftions they pleafe of the Witneljes. When all the Witneftes are &!• mined, and all Pleading is over, one of ghe Judges briefly recapitulates all that has paft, putting the Twelve Mitt® mind of what hath been alledgcd aud defended on eitnti fide, and informing them whet Points are according to Lw. Part HI- of ENGLAND. j , 7 mi whit not; after which thefe Jury of Twelve Men are biJ to retire by thcmfelves, an Oliicer being charg’d with them, to fee that they luce neither Meat, Drink, lure, nor Candle-, that they may the l'ooner conclude their Opini¬ ons, which mult be all Unanimous. When they are a- giccd, they come back into Court, and defiring their f;r®w, (7. fJ the lit it upon the Lilt, may (peak for them, he declares in two or three Words the Opinion of ill the Jury, all being of one mind, (or elfe to be remand- el back to their Confinement) and according to their judgment, the Sentence pafies finally. Note, the Returns of Verdift arc bound up to Forms adapted to the nature of the caule: As in Criminal Caufes, Guilty ox Nit Guilty, in Civil Aitions, Finding fer the Plaintiff', or fir tbs £>./,«- This is the uncontroulable Property of every freeborn Subjeft of Euglmd to be tryed by his Peers, and that not only in matters of Claim and Propriety be¬ tween Subjeft and Subjetr, but in ali Criminal Cafes too at the King’s Suit. peculiar auD 33p»Tlatoc.J By tl l r Charter granted to divers Cities of Endian:, tiie M/_i- Itrates lu\ e a Power to make inch Law ficul for the Citizens, ami not repugnant to the Laws of the Land, and thefe are binding only to the Inhabi¬ tants of the place, unlefs fuch Laws are i'or genera! good or againfl a general Inconvenience, for men rii.w lui'.i Strangers. JrOdClHLato.l The nu?,.hm a re peculiar Law*, (liferent from the Comm-Law of Lnyian.i. It rtf. m iit’Unil' are exceeding ancient, and before the making pimilhed at tile pleafure of the King , in fo (harp and grievous a manner, (as Rill in G,im*i,)) that both No¬ bles and Commons did iiuTcr many horrible Iiiconvenia ences and Oppreffions ; and even in that Clutter Were fome hard Articles, which the Clemency of gracious Kings have fince by Statute thought fit to alter p.r lii-e/U. Yet ill the time of iniauii the Third, and abb at this day, Voluntas nfuialsitur pro fafli fo that if a Mm be taken hunting a Deer, lie may be arretted as it behad taken a Deer. The Forefter may take and arrelf a (Man, if he be taken either at Dog-draw, StaU.-itatu!. 'Back- 11 8 Elje pjcfcnt g»tate Part III, Back-bear, or B Imdylmil ; for in thefe four a Man is Lid to be taken with the manner, though three of them may be but prefumpnons. SpaTtial-Hato.] Ltx CaJUni/is Anglican!, is that Lr.v which dependeth upon the King’s Will and Pleafure, 01 his Lieutenant, in time of aftual War; for although in time of Peace, the King for the more equal Temper of Laws towards all his Subjefts, makes no Laws but by the confent of the Three Elhtes in Parliament: Yet in time of War, by reafon of great Dangersariling fuddcnly and imexpeftedly upon fmalloccalions, he ufeth abfolute Pow. cr, infomuch as his Word goeth for a Law. Martial- •Law extends only to Soldiers and Mariners, and is no: to be praftifcd in times of Peace, but only in times of War, and then and there only where the King’s Army is on foot. But this is very much regulated of late by Sta¬ tute-Law. CHAP. VI Of Humours, Manners, Diet, Attires, Recreation, and Buildings. T HE Englijh differ from one another in their Humour, as they do in their Birth, Education, and Pro.il - (ion. The Nobility, Gentry, and Scholars, as well ai molt of the Merchants and chief Tradel'men, are extream- ly well polilhed in their Behaviour ; but the common fort are rude and even barbarous, as the effefts of po¬ pular Tumults, (which are here called the Mobile) Ihw. who, when they are got together, commit the greatelHK- rages, and render themfclves fometimes very formidable, even to the Magiltratc, who needs great Courage and ' if tue to op.pole them. . And here I would give the Reader one wholfom Cara „„ rn wit, that if ever lie happens to fall under the Ui. pleafure of the Mobile in a Turn I'i reselleri, oppofe ’em by force able Harangues, Condelcanlioii lult, that he doth no :, but by kind Words 1, or fome fuch ref p ar t III. of E N G L A N D. 319 McthoJ get free from ’em, and leave tiiem to themfelves; frr he who fo trear; them, divides them, and hereupon they generally fall out one among another. ° The better fort are always Courteous and Obliging, free. Generous, Grateful, engaging even with Charms; but the meaner fort are Rude, lloilterous, Intuiting, Stiff, Uncertain, and Dangerous, efpecially to Strangers; to whom they are generally as Inhuman, as the better fort are in* They treat their Guefts mod fplendidly and freely; the more you cat and drink, the welcomer you are; but then imongft Cqnals, they expe&forthe mold part to receive fuclt Entertainment as they give. The Evglijh are a People that are exrreamly taken with Oratory, and they have the bell fort of it, in the greateit Perfection that of the Pulpit. . ’Tis true, the Ignorant are as much pleas’d with that they call a G-j»f Delivery, meaning the Graces of elocuti¬ on, which rhe Romans underftood by the Word Aftion, «they are with the Matter or tile Stile; butas the Learned very well know, that Aftion is a Thing quite loft in the World, and that which the >Fmich and Italians pretend to, comes no nearer to the Aftion of the Roman Orators, than the Performances of modem Stage-players do, that of the famous Rcjcias ; lo the better Preachers give it over as t tiling to be dilpaired of, and intlead of taking the Eye and Ear, they fei/.e on the Mind, with rational Eorce, a migli- tv and inclinable Power and Authority ; for Sermons in no part of the World are fo dofely penn’d, with fo much deep Learning, in fuch Accurate Methods, inch llrong Reafonlnge, lb Ealie and Elegant a Stile, as here in Ei .’Ian-1 ; anil witliqj fuch excellent Divinity, that it was a mo,left Opinion of the great Verttlm, that the befi Cody of Rofitive Divinity that ever was compiled lince tiis Scriptures, might he ealily made out of the Sermons which are daily preached in England. By Pefiiive Divinity. he means that which of all others is in his Judgment molt Rich and Precious, fuch a Form as may be colicfted upon particular Texts of Scripture in brief Obfervations, nor dilated into Common Places, nor chafing after Controver- nor re,1 u, eu into Method of Art, a thing abounding in Sermons hut defective in Books. Bacm's Akamamut of 8S?an- 521 Pjrt IK. of ENGLAND. the Gentry. In a Word , 'by their Prodigality it comes to pals, that not only tliofe, but Taylors, Dancing-Ma- jteu, and fuch trifling Fellows, arrive to that Riches and pride, as to ride in tlieir Coaches, beep their Summer- Honles, to be ferved in Plate, ire. an Infolence inluppor- oblein other well-governed Nations. ®ift,] The Etiptjh are gaitully great Fle(h*Eaters, although by the Nearnel's of the Sea on every fide, the great Multitude of Rivers, Brooks and Ponds, Eng- Ud abounds with almoft all forts of excellent Fifh, as is aefore mentioned. In former times their Table was in nany Places covered four times a Day, they had Break- falls, Dinners, Beverages and Suppers until the time of he late Rebellion, wherein many eminent Families being nnchimpoveriflied by the prevailing Rebels, a Cullom was aken up by l'ome of the Nobility and Gentry, of eating i mote plentiful Dinner, and but little Supper; as on the tontrary, the Roman; and Jem anciently, and the hotter Climates at this Day, have little or no Dinner, but fet The Englijh are not now fo much addifted to Gluttony nd Drunkennefs as of late Years. Ftifing alfo is not fo common and profufe as anciently ; or although' the Feafis of Coronations, at the Initiation if Knights of the Garter, Chancellors of Univerfities, lonfecrations of Bilhops, Entertainment of Ambaffadors, he Feaft of the Lord Mayor of Laudm, of Serjeants at las-, and Readers Feafis in the Inns of Court, ire. ate all ciyfumptuous and magnificent in thefe times';, yet com- tied to the Feafis of our Ancefiors, feem to be but iiggardly and Sparing : For Richard Earl of Conwal, Bro¬ iler to Henry the Third, had at his Marriage-Feafi, (as is ecorded) Thirty thoufand Dilhes of Meat, Unit Arch' ilhop oh'ork had at his Confecration a Dinner or Feaft fuf- icient for ten thoufand People ; one of the Abbots of St. (ftp'll,-! at Canterbury invited' toco Guefts at hislnfialla- iOn-Dinner; and King Richard the Second at a Chrifttnas, 'pent daily Twenty fix Oxen, Tluee hundred Sheep, be- ides Fouls, and all other Provilion piopottionably ; fo an- jently at a Call of Serjeants at Law, each Serjeant (faith input) fpent fixteen hundred Crowns in Feafting, which nthofedavj was more than Sixteen hundred Pounds now. Y The in ffijjc latent $iatc Partin, The £ng/ jTj that feed not over-libcrally (whereto tie meat Plenty and Variety of Viands intice them) nor drink much Wine, but content themfclves with fmall Ale or Si. der, 3re ubl'erved to be much more healthy, and mid longer lived than fome other of our Neighbouring K|. Since the Rebellion of Forty one, En ’imd hath aboard, ed in Variety of Drinks, above any other Nation ink ref: : Betides all forts of the held Wines from Spain, P» sugal, France, Italy, Germany , Grace , there are foil in Leaden above twenty forts of other. Drinks, as Brandy, Rattalia, Coffee, Chocolate, Tea, Rum, Punch, Ufquebmg\ car. . Mum, Sitler, Perry, Mead, Mctheglin,. Beer, aft, many forts of Ales, very different, as Cock, Step®;, Stitch-back, Waft Ccrly, Ntrthdemt, Nottingham, Sandlack,te tony, Scurvy-grafs, Sage-Ale, Sherbet, College-Ale, China Ale, Butlers Ale, &c.i piece of Wantonnefs, whereof non of our Ancefiorswere ever guilty. STIirt.] For Apparel or Clothing, theF reach Mode hid been generally uled in England of late Years; in tit time of Queen Elizabeth fometimes the High-Dutch, fonts times the Sfanijb, and fometimes the Turkijh and limp Habits were by the E/gliJh worn in England ; but after til Reflauration of King Charles the Second , England _ no: Jaw, for matter of wearing Apparel, lefs Prodigal®, and more Modefly in Clothes, more Plainnefs and Cop linefs than amonglt her Nobility, Gentry, and Supra .Clergy ; only the Citizens, the Country People, and ill Servants, appear clothed, for the mold part above andle yondtheir Qualities, Efdates or Conditions, and far met; Gay than that fort of. People was wont to be in foraa Times. ' The Men at prefent are not much guilty of Enrol garicy ill Attire, the prefent Vanity of the better for of Men being only Peruques and Powder; but the W; men are in nothing I'o fantafdical as in their DrelTes (Ccc modes as they call them) for the Head ; and indeed i all rlieir Apparel from the Lady to the Servant-Maid, the) are too expenfive and whimlical. Kccrcatioiw.] For Variety of Diverrifements, Spec and Recreations, no Nation doth excel the Englifi. T! p at tHI. of ENGLAND. 325 The King Iiacli abroad his Forcffs, Chafes, and Paths, full of Variety of Game ; Red and Fallow-Deer, Foxes, Oners; Hawking, his Paddock Courfes, Horl'e-Races, &c. ind at home, Tennis, Pelmcl, Billiards, Comedies, Owe¬ n's, Mafquerades, Balls, Ballets, &c. The Nobility and Gtntiy have their Parks, Warrens, Decoys, Paddnck-Cour- fes, Hoife-Races, Hunting, Courling, Fifliing, Fowling, Hinting, Setting-Dogs, Tumblers, Lurchers, Duck-hunr- ing, Cock-lighting, Guns for Birding, Low-bells, Bat-fowl¬ ing,’ Angling, Nets, Tennis, Bowling, Billiards, Tables, Chefs, Draughts, Cards, Dice, Back-Sword , Swcrd and Dagger, Sword and Gauntlet, S'word and Buckler, Rapier, Quarterftaff, Single Faulchion, Double Faulchion , tliele moflly praftifed by thofe who Rile themlelves MaBerof the Noble S'cience of Defcnci, Stage-plays, Masks, Balls, Dancing, Singing; all forts of Mulical Inflruments, &c. The Citizens and Peafants have Hand-ball, Foot-ball, Skit¬ tles, or Nine-Pins, Shovel-board, Stow-ball,Goffe, Trol-Mr- dims,Cudgels, Hear-baitings, Bull-baiting,Bow and Airosv, Throwing at Cocks, Cock-lighting. Shuttle-Cock, Bowl¬ ing, Quoits, Leaping, Wreflling, Pitching of the Barr, rnd Ringing of Bells, a Recreation ufed in no other Coun¬ try in the World. Amongld the ted, Coci-fightir.g feems to all Foreigners too childifli and iml'uitable for the Gentry ; and for the Com¬ mon-People, Bull-baiting and Bear-baiting, and Stage-Php tilth (harp Weapons, feem roo cruel; and for the Citi- lens Tat-M , Throwing at Cccb very uncivil, rude and |barbarousxvirhin the City, and therefore of late happily ! refltain’d within the Walls of Lmlrn. XSuilOingfl.] Churches throughoutall Inglani, and rhe publick Edifices are generally of foliJ S'tone covered with Lead ; Cathedrals and Collegiate Churches every where Ample and Magnificent; and the Churches in Mar¬ ket Towns and Oppulent Villages fpacious and folid e- nongh, beautified with very high Pyramids, or Steeples, or at lead with (lately high Towers, Houles in the City that were heretofore ufually of Wood, are now built with Stone or Brick , and coveted with Slate or Tile; the Rooms within, Wrinlcotted, or hung with Tapifhy, cr other convenient Stuff - , and all Ceiled with Plaiffer, excel¬ lent againfl the Rage of Fire, againft Cold, and to hinder Y 1 the 324 EIie $}cfent State Part 111, the PslTage of all Duft and Noife ; of late Years Dm! Wainfcot is found to be more convenient, and cheap.! than Hangings. The modem Buildings have been far more flight, anj of lefs continuance than the ancient. Tiie buildings of England, or rather the Seats of tb Gentry, have been thus anciently valued ; The Korth for Grealnefs, thi Eajl f or Health ; The S,’‘th for Neatne/i, the Wejl for Wealth. The lloufes of the Nobles anil Rich are abundantly furnifhed with Pewter, Brals, bine Linnen, China Watt, and Plate , the mean Mechanicks and Ilusband-m::, want not Silver Spoons, and fome Silver Cups in thea Houles. The Windows everywhere glazed, not made of Pip or Wood, as is ufually in Italy or i>ibi: Chymnies in mo» Places, ill) Stoves, although the far more Southern Pro of Germany can hardly lubfift in the Winter withoc CHAP. VIII. Of Vices and PuuijliHienls. CIlCfg.Tp If E Ert’lifh National licet were ancient!) JL Gluttony, and the Effefts thereof, la/ci.j/s. ; So likewife Pride in Apparel, wherein they were to a- travagant and foolilh, fo fuperfluous and oblccne, fa divers Statutes before our Reformation in Religion, in! Homilies lines, have been made againft that Excels; irj an Etirlijlrman was wont to be piftured Naked, with aji: of Taylors Sheers in his Hand, a piece of Cloth under ha Arm, and V erics annext, intimating, that he knsivM what Fafliion of Clothes to have. Excefsof Drinking was anciently more rare in Jty'4 as appeareth by an old Poet. PartHI. of ENGLAND. for; Britar.mrnm mm cfl laudaMis ;/?r, Ut libat arbitlia potula ymjijuc fuo. The Dams in the time of King Edgar, firfl brought it in; but it was afterwards banilhej hence, fo that we find no ancient Sratute lince the Conqueft againft it ; for tho’ the Statutes heretofore made againft Excefs in Apparel and Diet, ate Ancient, yet thole againft Drunkenncfs are but of late Date: For till yiurrioof KingiiWr the Firft there was no Law to reftrain that voluntary Madnels As the Englijl returning from the Wars in the Ho ly-land, brought home the foul Dtfeafe of Liprofi •, now almoft ex- inft here, though not yet in our Neighbouring Countries ; io in our Fathers Days, the Er.ghfb returning from the iervice in the Kitkrlands, brought with them the foul Vice if Dthikttmcfs, as befides other Teftimonies, the Term of irm, from Car-Auz, All cut, learnt of the High Dutch here, in the fame Service ; fo Spaf] &c. do Ihew. fhis Vice of late was more, though at prefent fo much, tat fome Perfons, and thofe of Quality, may not lately e vifited in an Afternoon, efpecially in the Country, ithout running the ha7ard of exceftive drinking of lealths, whereby in a fhort time twice as much Liquor confum’d as by the Dutch, who ftp and prate ; and in me places it is efteemed a piece of Wit to make a Man rank; for which purpofe fome Swilling, Iniipid Tren- nnchei-BufFoon is always at hand. However, it may be truly affirmed, That at prefent ere is generally left Excefs in Drinking, (efpecially a- lut Lm'dcn, fince the Ufe of Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate) r s Excels in Diet, but principally in Apparel than hero- fore. The Sin of Buggery, brought into England by the Lm- '4 as appears not only by the Word Buggeua, but all'o Rit. Pari. to Ed tv. 3. N. 5 8. is now rarely pra&ifed a- )n»ft. Euglijh, although fometimes difeoverei amongft iens in England, and then puniflied by Death without 1 Remilfion. foptifmmims, fo ordinarily in Italy, are fo abominable ongft the Englijh, as n H. 8. 'twas made High-Ttea- i, though fince repealed; after which the Punilhmenc "26 rijf y'jrfcnt &ta(c Part III, fir it was to be put alive into a Chaldron of Water, and there boiled ro death. At prcfcnt it is Felony, without Benefit of Clergy. Stabling in England is much more feldom titan in M,, the Enghjb being eafily to be reconciled, to pardon and remit Offences, not apt to feck Revenge; the true well- bred Englijb have more of Inclination to Goodnefs, which the Greeks called Philastthropia, than other Nations, the Nobility and Gentry delighting to be GradoiSs and Com. teous to Strangers, coinpaflionate to the Afllifted, and Grateful to Benefaftors, when their I'urfe or Edate, not diverted by other extravagant Expences, will give then leave to remember them. ’ Some of thofe who have more Wit than they can ap¬ ply well, and a bold Dexterity above all Europeans , are the mod exquilire Pifh-foeketi in the World, and the mod daring Thieves and Pirates; though in robbing on the High-way they feldom commit any Murder, unlth theybe.pprfued. Lindas is almofl the only place in England for Pick¬ pockets, and there it is not only a Science, but there it as it were a Corporation of them ; and fome ol the Fn- ternity being almofl always in Newgate, the common Gaol, there is fuch a true Correfpondence among than, that mod commonly one or other may be found by the Mader-keeper.whocan difeover,and caufc to be reftoredn the tight Owner any thing of a more than ordinary Efleetn. So likewife ’tis no extraordinary, but a generous thing for thofe who rob on the High-way, to fend back to tit Owners, Papers, Parchments, or any other defired tilings that are of no imrinlick value to a Stranger. OfVimpmait. A N D Fird. of thofe relating to Ecclefiadical Difci- pline, which when inflifted upon Scandalous, No¬ torious, and Contumacious Offenders, proceeds in this manner.: Fird, The Party delinquent is admonifhed, neat goes forth Minor Excmmtm'tcatio, whereby he is Excom¬ municated or excluded from the Church, or if not from the Church, yet Horn die Communion of the Lord’s Sy per, is difabled to be Plaintiff in a Suit of Law, &c. ml ibis commonly for S'tubbornefs (hewed, by not ap- pelting in the Ecdefiaftical Court upon S’ummons, or not obejing the Orders of the Court, which though in fmllelt natters, yet maybe a very' great Crime, for Res psittpta, ijinfatilior tji ohfervatu, co prxccpti violatio cjl gra. sir, am ft magis fpontanta, as St. dtiftm obferves ofthetirft Sin of /.’’am ; Any Command, by hosv much the ealier ic miy be oblervcd, by fo much the more grievous is the Breach thereof, becaufe it is the more voluntary ; Beddes, in Contempts, it is not fo much the Violation of the Law, as of the Authority , which ought to be refented. And herein the Church of England proceedeth no other- wife than the State of England-, for fo odious in the Eye of the Common-Law of England, is the Contempt there¬ of, that not only for Felonies, but even in an Aition of the Cafe, in an Aftion of a finall Debt, Account or De¬ tinue, if a Man will not appear and fubmit himfelf to a Tiyil at Law, a Procefs of Outlawry is grounded againft hint, and he being once out-Iawed, he is out'of the Prote- ft'.onof the Liw- Caput gerit htpinum, faith Bradlon, an tat-latved l’erlon was anciently look’d upon as a Wolf lawfully to he kill’d by any Man that Ihould meet him, !i moft juft, that he who contemned the Law, and therein fie King, Ihould not have benefit by the Law, nor Prote- ttion from the King; and at this day lie is to lole all his Goods and Chattels- The Reader will eafily pardon this Digreflion, when hcconfiders the general Cry againft Ex¬ communication at rhijday. This Power of. lefTer Excommunication, the Bilhop may delegate to any grave Prieft with the Chancellor.' Ivtn.mmicatit Major is not only an Esclulion from the Company of Chriftians in Spiritual Duties, but alio in Temporal Affairs, and this commonly for Herelie, Schilin, Perjury, Inceft, and luch grievous Crimes; and that it I may be done with the more Solemnity and Terror, ir is I » be pronounced by the Bilhop himfelf, in his proper Per- bn i and being fo excommunicared, a Man cannot, in any Civil or Eccleliaftical Court, be Plaintift or Wicnels. And iacafe any Man be fo ftubborn, as to continue forty days ^communicated, the King’s Writ dt Excommunicato cauitn- "i is granted forth of the Chancery 'againft him ; where c i»n he is caft into Prifon, without Bail, there to lie til) he huh fitislied for his Offence. V * Next PartHI. of ENG LAND. 529 tqkiid, appears by divers Writers, to be the ancient way ufed by the Primitive Churches, Kite, That it is ordained by the Canons of.the Church of htfani, that, in cafe the Crime be not notorious and public!:, the fore-named Penance may, at the Party’s Re- ijiieli, be commuted into a pecuniary Mulft for the Poor of the Parifh, orfome pious Ufes; provided, that for the Re¬ formation of the Delinquent, that may appear to be the more probable way; for fome Men will be thereby re¬ clame 1, who by the publication of their Offence, would be- comemore impudent and hardened, when they perceive their Reputation to be loft. ' There remains one more Funifhment, or Ecdefiaftical Cenlure which touches the Body , and that is denial of (Mian Burial, which is inflifled not in ptenon immio. tm but in lerrsrnnvi-jtmium, who naturally delire, that after their Death their Bodies may be decently interred. A Chriftian Burial is wont to be denied by the Church of hpftnd to Pei foils dying Excommunicate, to perjured Peifons, to fuch as are hanged for Felony, or that wil¬ fully kill themieives, and to Apoftates, llereticks, and Ex¬ tortioners. To thefe fore-named Cenfures.and Punilhments, both Laity and Clergy are fubjeft ; But belides thefe, there ate Punilhments whercunto the Clergy only are liable ; as firft, Sufreiifi) ah Ofliiii, when a Minifter for a time is de¬ clared unlit to execute the Office of a Minifter. Then Sufpenjto d Bcmjicio; when a Minifter for a time is deprived of the Profits of his Benefice, and thefe two Cen¬ tres are wont to be for (mailer Crimes. Thirdly, Drprivntin i Bcmfcio ; when for a greater Crime, a Minifter is wholly, and for ever deprived of his Living. And Fourthly, Deprivutio ab Officio ; when a Minifter is wholly, and for ever deprived of his Orders ; and this is Dtfs/inaor Digradatio , and is commonly for fome heinous Crime, meriting Death, and is performed by the Bilhop in a folemn Manner, pulling off from the Criminal his ' elements, and other Enfigns of his Order, and this in the prefence of the Civil Magiftrate, to whom he is then delivered to be puniftied, as a Layman for the like Offence. And herein Bilhops are to take fpecial Care to behave themfelves ; us (*» xjtwxverei/'orjtr, not as lording over ;;o EI)C g’cfciir fotatr Partin, God’s Heritage, not as abfolute Matters over Servants, to gain by their l’uniflrments , but as bathers over Children for their Amendment, and as being Mini' fters in Spiritual Affairs, to ufc the : r Power for the good of Chridians, and to conduft tint Power by Mo. deration. Of Tunijhmcnts Secondly relating to Civil Difcifim, B Ecaufe the feveral Punilhments inflifted for feveril Crimes, are different in mod Countries, and thole of England much different from thole of all other Countries; a brief Account of them may probably not be unaccepta¬ ble to Foreigners efpecially. All Crimes in England that touclt the Life of a Min, are either High-Trcnfon, Petty-Trcafin, Ray;, Buggery, Maria, or Ftkny. Altlio’ fome High-Treafons are much more heinous and odious than others, yet the Punilliment by Law is the lime for all forts, (except -Clipping and Coining of Money) and that is, that the Traytor laid upon a Hurdle or Sledge, be drawn to the Gallows, there hanged by the Neck, prefently cut down alive, his Entrails to be fuddenly pulled out of his Belly, and burnt before the Face of the Criminal ; then his Head to be cut off, his Body to be divided into four Parts; and ladly, that the Head and Body be liung up, or impaled where the King dull Bclides all this, he (hill forfeit all his Lands and Goods wharfoever; his Wife (hall loi'e her Dowry, his Children their Nobility, and all their right of inheriting him, ora¬ lly other Ancedor; our Law thinking it mod reafonable, that he who endeavoured to dedroy the King, the Breath of our Nodrils, and thereby to rend the Mijedy of Go¬ vernment, his Body, Linds, Goods, and Podericy ftould be rent, torn, and dedroyed. For Csining ef Mnny, though adjudged High-Treafon, the Punifhment hiving been only Da wing and Hang¬ ing, before the Statute of is £/». Ill it remains fo Ihll; but Hiv:.Un faith,- that before his rim; the Punifli- Pjrt III. of ENGLAND. 331 ncn t lor falfifying of Moneys, was lofs of Eyes and of t ].c Genitals. is either when a Servant killed) his Ma- ft er or Miflrefs, or a Wife killeth her Husband, or a Clergyman his Prelate, to whom he oweth Obedience, j-j-for this Crime the Punifhment is to be drawn (as before) and to be hanged by the Neck till he be dead. Tbel’unilhment for a Woman convifted of High-Treafon, cr Petty-Treafon is all one, and that is to be drawn and burnt alive. iJiniii, or all other Capital Crimes, for which anciently there were leveral forts of Punilhments, till Hen. I. ordain. e J, tint the Punilhments for all Felonies, Ihould be to be hinged by the Neck till they be dead. But if a Peer of the Realm commit High-Treafon, Pet- ty.Treafon.or Felony, although his Judgment be the fime with that of common Perfons, yet the King doth ufualjy ex¬ tend fo much Favour to fuch, as to caufe them only to be beheaded with an Ax, upon a block, lying on the Ground, and not as in all other Countries, by a Sword, kneeling or (landing. If a Criminal indifted of Petty-Treafon, Felony, or any Capital Crime, refufeth to anfwer, or to put himfelf upon a Legal Tryal; then for luch Handing Mute, and Contumacy, he is prelently to undergo that horrible Puniihmenc called Peine fine £r dure ; that is, ro be fent back to the Pril'on from whence he came, and there laid in feme low dark Room, upon the bare Ground, on his Back, ail naked bclide his Privy-Parts, his Arms and Legs drawn with Cords, faflened to the feveral Quar¬ ters of the Room ; then ihall be laid upon his Body, Iron and Stone, fo much as he may bear, or more; the next day he lliall have three Morfels of Barly-Brcad, without Drink, and the third' Day lhall have Drink of the Water next to the Prifon Door, except it be run¬ ning Water, without Bread; and this lhall be Iris Diet till lie die. Which grievous kind of Death fome (lout Fellows have fometimes cholen, that fo not being tryed and convifled of their Crimes, their Eftates may not be forfeited ro the King, but defeend to their Children, nor their lfood rtained. But though the Law continues, yet we fo abhor Cru¬ elty, tint of late they are fuffered to be fo cvcr-ch.tr- JE&e pjcfent State Part m. ged with Weight laid upon them , that they expire prefently. But in care of Higb-Treafin, tho’ the Criminal (land mute, yet Judgment (hall be given againft him as if he had been convifled, and his Efface conlifcated. After Beheading or Hanging, the Criminals Friends ufual. ly interr the Body decently, where they pleafe; only if tire Crime be very enormous, as for murdering and robbing any Perfon, then by Order is the Criminal ufually hanged by the Neck till he be dead, and afterwards hanged in Chains till the Body rot; and in foine Cafes his right Hand is firft cutoff, and then he is hang’d. In all fuch Felonies where the Benefit of Clergy is al¬ lowed fas it is in many) there the Criminal was mark¬ ed with a hot Iron, with a T. or M. for Thief or Manfliy- er, on the Left Hand; but by a late Aft of Parliament it is now in the Cheek and near the Nofe, and wan¬ dering Rogues are to be mark’d on the Shoulder with an R. Anciently in the time of the Sam Chriftian Kings, and fometime after the coming of the Herman Kings, Men were rarely put to Death for any Crime, but either paid grievous Fines, or for the more enormous Crimes, tolofe their Eyes or their Tefticles; and fo remain li¬ ving Monuments of their Impieties, as Punilhmemsfir worie than Death ; which among Chrillians is belie¬ ved to be but a Paffage, for all truely Penitent, from this Life to a far better; and fo more a Reward than a Funifliment. For Pettj-Larceny, or (mail Theft that is under the vi- lue of nd. the Punilhment anciently was fometimes by Lofsof an Ear, fometimes by Cudgelling ; but lince Id- *WHI. only by Whipping. But if fuch Petty-Thief be found by the Jury to have fled for the fame, he forfeiteth all his Goods. Perjury, By bearing falfe Witnefs upon Oath, in a Court of Record, is punilhed with the Pillory, called Cei jligntm, burnt in the Forehead with a P. his Trees growing upon his Ground to be rooted up, and his Goods Cheating, labelling, Faiji Weights and Meafurit, File. >'„•;* she Maries, Ojtnces in Halting and Brewing are Cu-.ii.n piyiilind with lbndiug in the Pillory, Whip- PartHI. of ENGL AND. ;;; ping, anil foir.etimes to have one or both Ears nailed to the Pillory, and cut off, or there bored through the Tongue with a Hoc Iron. Butof late we have left off the Cruelty of cutting off Eats, fevere Whipping, Branding on the Forehead, boring the Tongue, and the like- The Punifliment for Mifpifm of High-Treafon , that is, for neglefting or concealing it, is Forfeiture of the Profits of his Lands during Life, and of all Goods, and alfo Impri- l'onmenc for Life. Eor Striking in the King’s Court, whereby Blood is drams the Punifliment is, that the Criminal fhall have his Right Hand flricken off in a mold fad and folemn manner. for Striking in Wcflminflcr-Hall whilft the Courts of Ju- fiice is fitting, is Imprifonment during Life, and Forfeiture of all his Efface. For one found in a Pwamiaw, that is, one who incurs the fame Punifliment which was inffifted on thofe who tranf- gtelfeJ the Statute of 16R.II. c0p. 5. commonly called the Statute of Pramunire facias, &c. for fucli an one the Punifliment is Forfeiture of all his Eftate, to be put out of the King’s Protection, and Imprifonment during the King’s Pleafure. The Punifliment of Petty-Jurors attainted of giving a Verdift contrary to Evidence, wittingly, is fevere; they are condemned to lofe the Franchile or Freedom of the Law, that is, become Infamous, and of no Credit, unca- pable of being a Witnefs, or of a Jury; their Houfes, Lands, and Goods ihall be leized into the King’s Hands, their Houfes pulled down, their Meadows ploughed up, their Trees rooted up, all their Lands laid wafte, and their Bo¬ dies imprifontd. The like Punifliment is alfo for thofe who fhall confpire to indift an Innocent falfely and malicioufly of Felony : But indeed there are no late Inftances of fuch Punilh- F,lo de ft, that is, one who wittingly killeth himfelf, is to be intend without Chriftian Burial , with a Stake driven through the Corps, and to forfeit his Goods. Drunkards, kagabonds, Proliant Swearers, See. arepuniflied by fetting their Legs in the Stocks for certain Hours, and ij certain pecuniary Mulds. Tin execution of thefe wholfom Istss againfl Profastmtfs and Immorality, has been very honour*- :! 'J (minted by the late Societies for the Reformation of Maimers. Scold- 534 Elje IPjcfeut §»tate Part III, Scalding Womin, are to be fet in a Trtbudu, commonly called a Cuckir,; Stsol, perhaps from the french C apk>, and the Germain Stull, the C h.tir , placed over fome deep Water, into which they are let down, ami plunged under Water thrice to cool their Choler and Other Mifdtmcmoun are commonly puniflied with Impri- fonments or Fines, and fometimes with both. As for breaking on the Wheel, and other like Torturing Deaths common in other Chridian Countries, rhe Eugli j4 look upon them as too cruel to be ul'ed by the Profeifors of Chriftianity. For putting any to the Rttch, it is by the Englilh belie¬ ved to favour ot too much Slavilhnefs; hefides, they con¬ temning and defpiling Death, and yet not enduring Tor¬ ture, will fooner acknowledge themfejves guilty of any the fouled Crimes tvhatfoever, than be put to the Rack; and then the People not accudomed to fucli Cruelty, would be apt to pity the Patty tortured, and abominate the Sove¬ reign and his Judges for introducing fucha Cudom ; the Jury would eafdy quit the Prifonet of whatever Confeflion ihould be thus extorted. OF Pan HI- of E N G L A N B. m O F T FI E CITY OF LONDON. L UDlJDon.] Being the Epitome of England, the Seat of the Brinib Empire, the Chamber of the King, and the chiefefl: Emporium, or Town of Trade in the World ; the Urged and mod populous, the faired and modopulent City at this day in all Europe, perhaps in the whole World, fnrpading, fas fome Learned Men have conjeCtured) even Parii ami Rome put together ; it will not, I hope, feeira im¬ pertinent to give a particular Account thereof. To deferibe all things in this City worthy to be known, would take up a whole Volume ; therefore according to the intended Brevity of this Treatife, here (hall be inferted only to # ■muui, Magnali.t UrAhi ; fuch tilings as Strangers and Foreigners commonly count re¬ markable. $iime ailD Sntiquitp.] London, fo called, as fome conjefture, from Llondin, the Brin'lh Word , itgnifying in the Sax on Tongue Shipton, or Town of Ships, was built, as fome write, uc8 Years before the Birth of our Saviour; that is, now above :8or Years ago, in the time of Smml the Prophet, and above 350 Yeats before the Building of Rome. /Snmiamt! EUrceUims faith, in his time it was vc- hi Ofpitlm augitjhim, an old Imperial City. Situ. 336 Oe pjffdtt fetate Part III, Situation.] In the moll excellent Sitiulm of Imkt, the Wildom of mir Anceftors is very cnnfpicuous and admirable. It is feared in a plealant Ever-Green Val¬ ley, upon a gentle riling Bank, in a wholfom Soil, mix’d with Gravel and Sand, upon the famous Navi- gable River Tkvms , at a place where it is call into a Crel'cent, that foeach part of the City might enjoy the Benefit of the River, and yet not be far diliant one from the other, about 60 Miles from the Sea, not fo near that it might be in danger ofSurprifil by the Fleets of Foreign Enemies, or be much annoyed by the boiflcrout Wir.Js, •or moill Vapours of the Sea ; yet not li) far, but that by the help of the Tide every twelve Hours , Ships of very great Burden may be brought into- her very Bo- fom; nor yet fo far, but that it may enjoy the milder, warmer Vapours of the EaJUrn, South™, and Wifurn Seas; yet fo far up in the Country, as it might all'o ealtly partake even of all the Country Commodities : loan excel¬ lent Air upon the Nartb-Sidt of the River, (for the Villages feated on the South-Side ate noted to be more unhealthy in regard of the Vapours drawn upon them by the Sun) de¬ fended by gentle Hills from the Ninth and South Winds. It lies in yr Degrees, 30 Minutes Northern Latitude. The High-ways leading from '1 parts to this Noble Ci¬ ty, are Large, Straight, Smoj-’i and Fair, no Moun¬ tains nor Rocks, no Mailhes 1 Lakes to hinder Car¬ riages and Paflengers, fo that Con, may ealily be brought, and Cattle cominodioufly driver onto it by Land; and thofe heavy, though necefiary C01 . nudities, Hay and Fuel, are more’cheaply conveyed by Water. The City of Un- dcu is fupply’d with Coals from N.a-c.iJUe, which in final- let proportion might be had nearer home,-v.;,. from Mali Htr.h in Kent, within five Miles uf the City ; butthegreat Advantage the Nation finds by the Employment of fo many Hundreds of Ships, anil Tiriulands of Seaman in the Coal-Trade, who are reputed the able! and lurdiell Seamen we have, will not ealily IttfTer thofe Mines at B'.r.i- to be broke up. In a word, all the Bladings of Land ami Sea near about, and by the Benefit of Ship¬ ping, all the B'e-lfings of the Terteflria) Globe maybe laid to be here mote ealily enjoyed than in any City of the VV01IJ. far Par( [[r of ENGLAND. 337 ^apitUDf.] The City of Linden, ("with that of IV,f. anil the Eoroughof Smthnart being concigtinus to one another, fecmtomake indeed but one City, and accor¬ dingly ftall be fo coniider'J when wc f|)eak of Buildings, (J-tjjs of avail Lxtenlion from Lim-beuf, meafuted to the £„j of 1 ethl or Tutili-Strett, from Eaft to Weft, ir is above j.-oo Geometrical Paces, that is, above lcven Eng’.ijh Miles icJ an half ; and from the farther End of Black-man-Stnet hfe.W, to the End of St. Umtrd Shrditb, is jjoo Paces, or two Miles and an half. In tins great City the Streets, Lanes, and Allies, are in Number above 5030, and yet fome of them above half 1 mealur’d Mile in length; Dwelling Houfes before the late dreadful Fire, were computed only within the Walls ibweh 5000,and that is now accounted judged butafeventh p;t of the whole City, as may by the weekly Bills of Mortality, the Number of Iloufes at prefcnt may in all probability be rroooo.^ dumber Of inhabitants.] That the Reader may the better guefs at the Humber if Inhabitant:, or Humane Souls within this great City, he muft know, that in one Year thare were computed to be eaten in Linden, when it was lefs' by two thirds, 67500 Beefs, ten tames as many Sheep, be- lides abundance of Calves, Lambs, Swine, all forts of Poul¬ try, Foul, Fifh, Roots, Milk, &c. Alfo that Cemrnmibut Aait to fupply Lomim with Hev-Caf.li Coal, there is brought into the River of Thame: z 8 0000 Chaldron, and e- very Chaldron is 36 Built els. Again, the Number of Inhabitants may be guciTed a: by the Burials in Louden, which in ordinary Years, when there is no Petlilence, amount of late to about usoo in a Yeat and in the Year 1681 , which was not accounted a iickly Year, there died according to the general Bill of Mortality, a 3971. Dgir.k b’ctofD in KLonBon in a § far.] As alfo by the Quantity of fieft drank in Linden rn a Year, which to si! Foreigners wiil incredible; for in the Year 166c, when the greateft p_;- of the.Buildings within the Walls, and fome without, Ly in Allies, and very many of the Inhabitants forced to retire into the Country for Habita¬ tion ; according to an exaft Computation, there were brew¬ 'd within that Year in Linden 451563 Barrels of Brong Beer, ibid at air. 6d. the Barrel; and 580421 Barrels of ET!jf Jpjcfm &t(ite Part III. Ale fold at i6r. the Barrel; and 489797 Barrels of Ta¬ ble-Beer, ot Small Beer, fold at 6 s. 6 d. the Barrel : The Beer ftrong and final), is 36 Gallons to the Barrel, and the Ale 12 Gallons to the Barrel; and now fince the Pellilence and the Fire, that this City is again fully peopled, there is much more Liquor brewed. It is true that fome hereof is tranfported beyond the Seas, but that is fcarce conliderable; befldes all this Beer and Ale, there is confirmed in London a vaft quantity of French and Spanijh Wines, much Rhenijh Wine, Sydet, Mum, Coffee, Chocolate, Brandy, and other Drinks. The Excife only of Beet and Ale for the City of . Undm (though it be a very moderate Impolition) was not long ago Farmed or Rented of the King at above moooo Pound a Year, and about one fourth part of ill that Exciie throughout all England. In a Word, the Audio; of the Map of Undm, cd si'imo 1684. reckons in this vaft City 1200001 but the more accurate Sir William Petty counts but r 15846 Families, and 695076 Souls, which is more than are is Paris, Urns, and Rmin ; more than in Paris and M(tsrim\ more than in / tmfisrdam , Pinicc, Emu, Dublin, Brifld ml Ljtms ; as many as in all the two Provinces of Hoilmhd Weft-Malawi. Tho’ lincc then a Gentleman'very well fan ill” Political Arithmetic reckons them up but at 530500 JSil'Cf Of ffijamro,] The River whereon is feared thii gitat City, for its breadth, depth, gentle, (height, even courfe, extraordinary wholfoine Water, and Tydes, ii more commodious for Navigation, than perhaps any other River in die World; the Sea flows gently up this Rive 80 Miles, that is almoft to Kingftm, 12 Miles above in- dm by Land and 20 by Water; Boats arc drawn about 2:0 Miles to Oxford, and higher many Miles. It is High-water at this City, as 0$ as the Moon com to the Hmh-Eajf and South Wcfl points of Heaven, the ok in our. Hemilphere, and the other in the other Hemifphttt. The higheft Tydes are about a Land-Flood, the Wind ,\’a ■■th-WJI, at the Equinoctial, and the Moon at full; when rhefeffour Caufes concur (which is very rare) tta xhc'Fhamis lwclls in fome places over its Banks, and hi. 1 minflir is a little endamaged in their Cellars, not in tw Chambers and upper Rooms, as the City of. Rims is fo®- twin part III. of ENG LAND. 359 times by the Over-flowing of the Trier, and Paris by the Sale. This River opening Eafttvard towards Germany and lurn, is much more advantageous for Traflick than any other River of England-, to fay nothing of the Variety of excellent Fiih within this 'River, and above ail, of the incomparable Salmon : the fruitful fat Soil, the plea- fint rich Meadows, and innumerable ftately Palaces on both (ides thereof •' In a Word, the Thames feerr.s to be the very radical Moifture of this City ; and in fome Senfe, the natural Heat too, for almoft all the Fuel for Firing, is brought up this River from NevcaJlU, Scotland, fist, Ejfex, &c. or elfe down the Rivet from Stsrrtj, Mid* ikfix, See. From this River, the City, by Water-Engines is in ma¬ ny placeslupplied with excellent wholfome Water, alfo horn almoft Twenty Conduits of pure Spring-Water; fo commodioufly placed, that they ferve all the chiefeft parts of this City ; and moreover, by a New River, brought at a vaft Charge, and exquifite Skill (by Sir Hugh Middles™, who ieferves his Statue in Brafs) from Amnelt and ChidweUi tiro Springs near Ware in Hereford-jhirt, from whence, in 1 turning and winding Courfe, it runs 60 Miles before it reaches this City; in fome Places the Channel is neccfliri* ly :o Foot deep, in other places it is carried over Valleys note than 10 Foot high above Ground in open Troughs; overthis new River are made 800 Bridges, fome of Stone, fome of Brick, and fome of Wood; 6 00 Men have hen at once employed in this great Work : It was begun in 1608, and finiflied in five Years; it ferves the highell Places in London in the lower Rooms, and the lower Partsln their higheft Rocins. Moreover this City is fo limited, that in all Parts (though on the higheft Ground) it is abundantly ferved with Pump-Water, i'J thofe Pumps in many Places not fix Foot deep in the Ground. SCraDf.] The vaft Traflick and Commerce whereby this City doth flourifh, may be guefled at chiefly by the Cu- ftonis which are paid for all Merchandife imported or ex¬ torted, which are but very moderate Impofitions, in Com- parifon of the Imports of moft other Countries of Europe, ml yet the Cuftoms of the Port of London only (without wunting the Cuftoms of other Cities) did lately amount Z> w 34o Wit $jcfent State Part III, to above 330000 Pounds a Year, and are now rifen to 1 much greater Sum, by the infinite Number of Ship;, which by their Mails refemble a Fored as they lie along the Thames ; bolides many that are fent forth every Year, B carry and fetch Commodities to, and from all Parts of th known World ; whereby it comes to pafs that no fail Number of Merchants of Lmdm, for Wealth, for ftately Houfes within the City for Winter, and without for Sum- met; for rich Furniture, plentiful Tables, honourable Li ving; for great Eftates in Money and Land, tire, excel font Princes in divers of our Neighbouring Nations. Moreover, one may conjecture at the huge Commerce, by the infinite Number of great well furriilhed Shops, which a Spaniard once obferving,' together with the gw Number of Law-Suits in Term-time, made this Reportcf Lendm to his Countrymen, That it was a great City, lie made up of nothing but Timdes y Cmtiendas, Shops nil Suits i whereas he might rather have faid more truly is a few more Words, That lendm is a huge Magazine i Men, Money, Ships, Horfes and Ammunition, of all te of Commodities neceflary or expedient for the Uftc Pleafureof Mankind : That Lmdm is the mighty Rente vous of Nobility, Gentry, Courtiers, Divines, Lawyes, Phyftcians, Merchants, Seamen, and all kind of excefe Artificers, of the moll refined Wits, and mod excells Beauties: For it is obferved, that in mod Families offy lend; if there be any Son or Daughter that excels the rtS in Beauty, or Wit, or perhaps Courage, or Indudry, or any other rare Quality, Lendm is their North Star, and they at; never at red till they point direflly thither. Ladly, Very remarkable alfo is this great City for a Champaign of the Country on all lides; for the Nuiube of the Royal Palaces; the Multitude of ftately Houfs, and Gardens of Noblemen ; the innumerable fair SumM Dwelling-Houles of the wealthy Citizens; the plea® fertile Meadows, indol'ed Padures and Corn-Fields; tntjj bundance of Nurferies and Seminaries, where are to be all forts of Fruit-trees, Flowers, Hirbs, Roots, as well » ■ Pbyiick as for Food and Delight; the Frequency, the Pops loufnefs and VVealthinels of the Villages, &c. part III. of E N G L A N D. 541 Of the Government of the Cky of London. T HE Government of this City , confidering the Greatnefs and Populoufnefs thereof is very Admi- , Trad-, re, Commit t ere j that is Commijjaritir, dr one that bffl Commiflion to govern others: And there werefome times Two Bailiffs of London, till King Richard the Fir# • ■ ■ Is- Pitt III. of ENGL AND. 34; jfaiulp- changed the Name of Bailiff’ into \‘.r,cr ; w hich alfo being derived from the French, hath ccmim.-’ ever fince, a Citizen chofen hy the Citizens annuaiiy, uitlefs fometimes for the Difloyalty of the Citizens, their Privileges and Franchifes have been taken from them, ml a Guardian fet over them, as was done by Hu. III. Hid Edw. I. |if((Elation.] He is ufually chofen on Michaihnas-Day ly the Livery-Men, or Members of thefeveral Companies within the faid City, out of the 16 Aldermen, all Peribns of great Wealth and Efteem. In which Eleftion, the fenior Alderman that hath not been Mayor, hath ufually the Precedence ; yet in this particular, the fard Electors fometimes take a Liberty. pGfSlltljorit!'.] His Authority reaches not only over this great City and a part of the Suburbs, but alfo on the fiir.os River of Thames , Eaftward, as far as Yendah or it it, and the Mouth of the River Maty ; and Wedward, is fir as Cslmy-Ditch, above Stainis-Bridgt: He hath a Priviledge by Charter to hunt in Middlefcx, Effex, and Stir. n;; and for this purpofeis always maintain’d an excel¬ lent Kennel of Hounds, as afore-mentioned. He hath l’ow- erto punilh or correft all that fliall annoy the Stream, Banks, or Fifli; and for that end he yearly keeps feve- nl Courts in the Counties adjacent to the Thames, for Confervation of the River, and PnnifhmentofOffenders; only the Strength and Safety of the River againd an Invafion, and fecuring Merchandizing and Navigation, by Block-Houfes, Forts or Cadies, is the immediate Care of the %• So?8 fapo?0 Court Of judicature/] To the Lord Mayor and City of Umdm belong divers Courts of Judica¬ ture of high Importance. The highed and mod ancient Court, is that called the HnJlmgj (i. e.) Domtis Caujaruui, which doth preferve the laws, Rights, Franchifes, and Cudomsof the City. There is a Court of Ric/itcjl or Ctmfiicme, fo called, becaule mtdling with nothing above 40 s. Value. The Oath of the Creditor himfelf is accepted. The Court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, where alfo the Recorder and Sheriffs (who are ufually Aldermen, or ddcondantlychofen upon the next vacancy) fit: Two Courts of the Sheriffs, one for each County. Z 4 The 344 Elie P«ftnt fefate Part III. The Court of the City Orphans, whereof the Lord Mayo, and Aldermen have the Cultody. Tile Court of Crmnon-Conncil, conlifting as the (Tarlia- ment of Eight nd) of Two Houles; one for the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, and the other for the Commo¬ ners j in which Court are made all By-Laws, which bind all the Citizens of London ; for every Man either by him- felf, of by his Reprefentative, gives his AlTent thereunto; wherein corififts the great Happinefs of the Eng/.)! Subjeft, above all the Subjefts of any other Prince m the World ; that neither in Laws nor By-Laws, neither in Taxes or Imports, any Man is obliged, but by his own Confent. There is another Court of the Chamberlain of the City, rowhom belongs the Receipts of the Rents and Revenues of the City, and to his Court belongs the bufinefs of Ap¬ prentices, over whom he hath a great Authority. To the Lord Mayor alfo belong the Courts of C.mnr and of Zkbr.t’.r ; and another Coutt lot the Confervation of the River of Tmmr. Laftly, the' Court of Goal-Delivery, held ufually Eight timtsa year at the Old-Baily, both for the Ciry and MM. I'tic , for the Tryal of Criminals, whereof the Lord Mayor is rite Chief Judge, and hath the power of reprieving con¬ demned Pctlbns. There ate other Courts called 'A'ardmote, or t|ie Meeting of Wards, whereof there are a 6 in the whole City; in which Court Inquiry is made into all things that can con¬ duce to the Regulating and Well-governtngof the City; Alfo rhe Court of Ilalmte, or Allembly of every Guild or Fraternity,for regulating'W’hat belongs to each Company in particular IBIS djJt.'itC.] His State and Magnijkinci is ramarhbie, when lie’ appears abroad, which is ufually on Horfeback, with rich Caparifnn, himfelf always in long Robes, forae- nmes of Scarlet Cloth richly Furred, fomettmes Purple, fometimes Puke ; and over his Rnbes a Hood of Black Velvet, winch iome lay, is a Badge of a Baron of the Realm, with a great Chain of Gold about his Neck, or Collar of SS’s. with a great rich Jewel pendent rherton, with many Officers walking before, and on all bides of h | ir.,6'f. but more efpecialiy on rite 23th of October, when he goes to U'tfirninjlir in his Barge, accompanied with all Partlll. of ENG LAND. w •he AMerrnen, all his Officers, all the feveral Companies, rr Corporations in their feveral Stately Barges, with their Aims, Colours and Streamers ; and having therein the Ex-, chequer Chamber taken his Solemn Oath to be true to the Kins, returns in like manner to Guild-Hill, ("that is, the great Common-Hall of Guilds, or incorporated Confra¬ ternities) where is prepared for him and his Brethren, a noli Sumptuous Dinner, to which many of the great Lords and Ladies, all the Judges of the Land, and otien- ■ times the Lords of his Majefly’s molt Honourable Privy. Council; alfo Foreign AmbalTadors are invited ; and, of iire Years their Majefties have been pleafed to honour the Feaft with their Prefence. This great Magilhate, up¬ on the Death of the King, is faid to be prime Perl'on r.f Lrghnd ; and therefore when King Jama 1. was invi¬ ted to come and take the Crown of England, Rckrt La, then Lord Mayor of Landsn, fubferibed in the firft place, before all the Great Officers of the Crown, and all the Nobility. The Mayor of London, though always a Citizen' and Tradefman, hath been of fuch high Repute and ElLeem, thatin all Writing and Speaking to him, the Title of Lord is prefixed, which is given to none others, but ei¬ ther to Noblemen, to Biihops, Judges, and of latter times, to the Mayor of Turk, or to fome of the Higheft Officers of the Realm: He is alfo for his great Dignity, ufually Knighted by the King before the Year of his Mayoralty he expired, unlefs he had received that Honour before, whillHie was Alderman, as of late hath been ufual. The Lord Mayor, on the Day of the King's Coronation, claims to be chief Butler, and bear the King’s Cup among!! the higheft Nobles of the Kingdom, which ferve on that Day u their Offices. His Table is, and alfo the Table of each Sheriff, fuch, that it is not only open all the Year to all Comers, Stran¬ gers and others, that are of any confiderable Quality ; but iovell furnilhed, that it is always fit to receive the great¬ er! Subject of England, or of other Potentate: Nay, it is recorded, that a Lord Mayor of London hath feafted four Kings at once at his Table. Alfo, for tile Grandeur of the Lord Mayor there is allow (d above 1000 1. a Year for his Sword-bearer’s Table, in the Houle of the Lord Mayor. His 34 6 tt&e Sfctftnt frttfe Part III, His Domeftick Attendance is very honourable; He hath four Officers that wait on him, who are reputed Elquires by their Places; that is, The Sword-Bearer. The Common-Hunt, who keepeth a good Kennel of Hounds for the Lord Mayor’s Recreation abroad. The Common Cryer. The Water-Bailiff There isalfo, The Coroner, and divers other Officers as you will find in their proper Places. Two Yeomen of the Chamber. Three Meal Weighers. Two Veomen of the Woodboufe. Mod of which have Servants allowed them, and hive Liveries for themfelves. J}t)ITiff0.] The two Sheriffs of this City are alfo She¬ riffs of the County of Middltfcx, and are annually choftn by the Citizens of Lmdut from among themfelves, in the Guild-Hall, upon HiJfmm.rDajr, a high Priviledge !• mong many others, .anciently granted to this City by feveral Kings and. Queens of this Kingdom ; but they are not fworn till Michoilmai-Eve, and are foon after pie- fenced at the Exchequer, to be allowed by the Baron;, and fworn ; After which they enter upon their Office: If ei¬ ther of the Perfons fo chofen refufe to hold, he incurs a Penalty, unlcfshe will take a Solemn Oath, that he is not worth loooo /, 3Utlcrmen.'] The a 6 Aldermen prefide over the 16 Wards of the City: When any of tltefc die, the Ward-mote return two, and the Lord Mayor and Aldermen chufe one out of the molt fubflantial Men of the City: If any focho- fen refufe to hold, he isufunliy lined foo l. All the Aldermen that have been Lord Mayors, and the Three elded Aldermen that have not yet arrived to that Honourable Eftatc, are by their Charter, Jultices of the Pep of this City. jj, ofENGLAND. 347 Partlll. JjjC SDuClbe Ctimpanifff.] The Traders of London are divided into Companies,_ or Corporations, and arc fo many Codies Politick : Of thefe there are i a, called the chiefCum- pinies; and lie that is ciiofen Lord Mayor, mud he free of one of thel'e Companies; which are, j. Gtkjvsith!. 6. Shmurt, 10. Innmsngcrt. 7. M.nch.wl- 11. Vimnors. T.tj '.nrs. I a. Chjthrmrk- 8. Hjkr.hjbcrs. crs. 9. Salters. Ami if it ’-’i'pen, that the Lord Mayor Elect is of any ntlrer Company , he proiently removes to one of the Twelve. It hath been theCuftomof fomeofour Kings, to Honour fome of thefe Companies, by railing their Free¬ dom thereof; and the late King was plealed to be made Tree of the Company of Grocers ; and his prefent Ma- jwlychufe to be made free of the Company of Drapers; Each Company or Mydery hath a Mailer annually chofen from among themfelves, and hath other Subordinate Gover- nours, called Wardens or Affidants, thefe do cxaflly cor- tefpond to the general Government of the City, by a Lord Mayor and Common-Council, who, are felefled out of thefe feveral Companies; fo excellent.an Hjrmony there is in that Government- There are beiides'near 60 other Companies, or Corpo¬ rations, all enjoying- large Priviledges, by the King’s Gracious Charter granted unto them, and fair Halls to Of the Government of the CITY of WESTMINSTER. T H E Government of the City of Wtfininjlcr is didinft from that of Louden ; they have neither Mayor, She- ■iffi. nor Aldermen : But indead of a Lord Mayor, they have an High^untrd, who is ufually one of the prime ‘Nobility. The ?4 8 ST&e JBjfftnt j&tatr Part III. The High-Steward of Wejlminflcr is chofen by the Du, and Chapter, and holds this High Office durante vita. The Nature of his Office is not much unlike the ChanciEorjhif of an Univerftty. The Diatt and Chapter here is inverted with Ecclefiafliul and Civil Jurifdiftion, as the Pi ci-Ciianceller is in an Univer- ftty; and not only within the City of Weftminfltr, but with¬ in the Precinfts of St. Martini It Grand, near Ckapfiii, London ; and in fome Towns of Ept, exempted as well from the Jurifdiftion of the Bilhop of London, as from that of the Archbilhop of Canterbury. And when the Convoca¬ tion is prorogued by the A. B. from St. Pauls ( for the Conveniency of Things, nearer to the Parliament) to Wsf- minller , the Bilhops firrt declare (upon a Proteftation made by the Dean there) that they intend not thereby to vio¬ late that high Priviledge, viz. That m Bilhop or Arch- Bilhop may come there without the leave of the Dean firrt obtained. The Under-Steward of tVejlminjhr is likewife an Office! of great Note, and is inftead of 'a Sheriff; holds this Ho¬ nourable Office durante vita. The High-Baylif is an Officer of Honour, and Profits, na- med by the Dean, and confirmed by the High-Steward j ht holds likewife for Life. This City hath two Precinfts; in each a Burgefs is annu¬ ally chofen, «ut of the wealthiert Citizens, by the reft of the BurgelTes, who reprefent Aldermen. For Ecclejiajlical Caujes, and Probate of Wills, it hath a Royal Jurifdiftion, under a Commifary ; from whom no Appeal muft be, only to the King, in his High Court of Chancery. Southwark, was granted by Letters Patents of Ed. VI. to be counted as one of the Wards of London , by the Name of Bridge-ward without, and is governed by one of the :S Aldermen of London. ’Tis vaftly Large, Rich, and Popu¬ lous ; a great part of it hath been burnt down fome Years fince the great Fire of London j but all thofe Ruins are now beautifully repaired. . fgjilitarp Gao'otrnment of tfjc Citp of ftonoon.] Something of the Military Government, both Ancient and Modern, of this Mighty Populous City, is alfo well wor¬ thy to be known both to Englijh and Foreigners. In the Part III- of E N G L A N D. 349 ijd. of Hoi. VIIJ. 1531. at a General Milder in Lot-.dm, were firft taken the Names of all Men within this City and Liberties only, ("which reach not far without the Walls; from the Age of 16 to 6 a ; alfo the number of all Hameires, and of all forts of Weapons for War: Then they drew out of thefe only fuch able Men, as had White Harnefs, and caufed them all to appear in White Coats and Breeches, and White Caps and Feathers: What was the number then of Jtfen in Arms, was not recorded ; But Stem fays, there were muttered Citp SCraineO TSanDjS.] At the time of the Happy Mauration of King Charles the Second, there were in Undcn and the Liberties, fix Regiments of Train’d-Bands, and fix Regiments of Auxiliaries, and one Regiment of Horfe: Thefe thirteen Regiments about fix Weeks before hisMajefty’s Arrival, Mutter’d in Hide-Park, being then drawn out for promoting and fecuring his Majefty’s Re¬ turn: Thefe twelve Regiments of Foot svere t8ooo compleat, eight of thefe Regiments had feven Compa¬ nies in each, and the other four had fix Companies in each; in all eighty Companies, the Regiment of Horfe of fix Troops, and a 100 in each Troop : This confide- rable Army drawn together before the 213th of May, the Day of his Majefty’s Return, was judged to be highly lifeful for facilitating the happy Work: Some Months after, his Majefty fent to the City, Commifiions of Lievtenancy , appointing feveral Perlbns to aft as his Lievtenants in London ,. giving them the fame Power that the Lords Lievtenants have in their refpeftive Counties; and in pursuance of that Commiflion, the Regiments w’ere new fetled ; there were fix Regi¬ ments of Train’d-Bands, commanded by fix Citizens, Knights, and tlrfir Lievtenant-Coloncls were all Knights ; and there were fix Regiments of Auxiliaries. In all thefe twelve lie'giments, were 20000 Men; then were lifted two Regunenrs of Horfe, each confifting of five Troops, in all 8co Horfe : Thefe were all drawn to Hide- M, where his Majefty was pleafed to take a View of them; but in cafe of Need, it is certain that in La. and within the Liberty, there may in few Days be taifed 40000 Men, befides Southwark, cne Regiment of SEljC ^jcffitt £>tate Part 111 Train’d-Bands 1500 Men; the Hamlets of the Toxtr tiro Regiments,'in all 3000 Men ; then Holism Regiment, and Wjlminjler Regiment acoo each, and in cafe of Neceffity they cjnraife 20000 more. airfilicrp Company.] Belides thefe Train’d-Bands and Auxiliary Men, there is the Artifory Compnj, which is a Nurfery of Soldiers, and hath been fo above (So Years; King Ckarlts the Second lifted himfelf there when he was Prince of Mila, and fo did the late King at the fame time, who after his Majelly’s Return took the Com¬ mand thereof, and owned it as his Company : Under his Highnefs there was a Leader, who exercifed this Com¬ pany every Tutft.y Fortnight, and the other Tuofiaj the Exercife was performed by the feveral Members of the Company, who are there trained up to Command. Of this Society are many of the Nobility ; alfo the Lord Mayor and mofi of the Aldermen; all the Commanders of the Train’d-Bands and Auxiliaries here exercife Arms- This Company confifts of 69c Men. Their Officers are, a Leader, two Lieutenants, two Enligns, two Servants, 1 Frovoft Marlhal, three Gentlemen of Arms, cj-c. they have alfo a Court-Marflial. confifting or a Prefident and i; Members of the Company ; on the lecond Tuefilaj in ft- hnar) is a general Rendezvous every Year. ftjtill of ENGLAND. $0/ before I proceed to defcribe the prefent Glory tf this Great and UnparaleU’d City ; and hc- ctwfe that having fpoken of its Antiquity, it yet tco jufily appears to the Beholders, as if the gteatejl Part of it were lately built ; I fhall for the SatisfaBion of Foreigners efpecially, and thofe who are curious in Enquiries, exhibit here a jhort Account of the dreadful Fire of London, which begun the 2 d. Day of September 1 666. and in three days fpace, confumed the greatefi part tf the City. T HE City of London within the Wallscontains 448 Acres of Grountl, whereof the Buildings on 373 Acres were utterly confumed by that late dreadful Conflagration; alfo C] Acres without the Walls, in all 43 6 Acres, 89 Parifli- Churches, and r;:oo Houles, befides that vail Cathedral of S'. Paul’s, and divers Chappels, Halls, Colledges, Schools, and other publick Edefices, whereof the whole Damage is hardly to be computed or credited. • In that one Commodity of Books only, wherewith Um~ t'si abounded, wa? loll (as judicious Stationers have com¬ peted) r;coco pound : For the Lofs fell mod upon that, and three or four other cumberfome Commodities, not ealie on a hidden to be removed, viz. Wines, Tobacco, Sugar and Plums, wherewith this City was fornilhed fcyond any City in the World ; infomuch that one Per- foa, Alderman qtfjcriis loll of Tobacco, to the Value of :cccn Pound, yet in the vail Incendy, not above fix or eight Pcrfuns were burnt. Of this dreadful Fire there "era many 'concurrent Occafions. fir;?, Either the Drunkennel's or Supine Negligence of the lhker and his Servants, in whofe Hoitfe it began. S-w, The dead time of the Night wherein it began, viz. httween one and two of the Clock after Midnight. Larilf, The dead time of the Week, being SaiurAiy-night, "hen Traders were retired to their Country-Houfes- Fourth • 3J2 EI)£ pirfent State Partin, Fourth!)’, The dead time of the Year, being then the Inna Vacation, on the fecond of S.-ptemkr, when T'raJefrn.-n were generally abroad in the Country. Fifthly , The Clofenel's of the Buildings in that Place, f,. cilitating the Progrels of■ the Fire, and hindring the ulual Remedy, which was by Engines to (hoot Water. Sixthly, The matter of the Buildings thereabouts, which was generally WoodJen and of old Timber. Seventh')’, The long continued Drought of the preceding Summer even to that Day, which had dried the Timber that it was apt to take Fire. Eighthly, The Matters of Wares in thofe Parts, whets the greateft Store-houfcs of the City of Oils, Pitch, Tar, Rofin, Wax, Butter, Brimftone, Flempi Cordage, Cheefe, Wine. Brandy, Sugar, ire. Ninthly, An Enfterly Wind, the drieft of all others, that then did blow very (trongly. Tenthly, The unexpeffed failing of the Water, the Thtnnet Water-Tower near to the Place whete the Firs began, then out of order, and burnt down immediately af¬ ter the beginning of the Fire, fo that mod Water-Pipes were foon dry. Laflly, An unufual Negligence at firft, and a Confidents of eafily quenching the Fire, on a fudden changed into i general Confternacion and Defpondency, all chufing n. ther by FIjght to fave their Goods, than by a vigorous Oppofition to fave their Houfes and the City. ThefeCaufes thus ftrangely concurring, (to fay nothing of God’s juft Indignation for the notorious Impenitency of the Citizens, fot their great Abominations in abetting and inftigaring.the fliedding of the precious innocent Blood both of God’s Anointed, and of their other chief Governoun, both inChutchand State) the Reader may take this little Profpeft of die huge Damages done by this Fire. It hath been computed by .an ingenious Perl'on, that there being burnt in all about 13100 Houles, which valued onewitlu- notlier at no more than 15 pound yearly Rent, at the low rate of n Years Purchale, will amount in the whole to 396 obo Pound Sterling ; the 87 Patilh Churches bcfnls the mnft fpacious Cathedral Church of St. Pan!, fir con- Rented Chappels, the Royal Butfe or Exthange,. the grot Uttild-Hal!, the Cuftom-Houfe, the many magnificent Halls of Companies, thefeveral principal City-Gates, with oth« publitk EJelices, to 1S00000 I. The p. rt nr. of ENGLAND. 3,-3 j(i C Wares, H.;u(hold-!fuff, Moneys, and other move" il!e Good., during the Fire, anil bringing them back af- Hire of boats, Carts, and Porters, rnay l' well reckoned at rile leaft two Millions ; tile Total wlicre- rtrsalinoil ten Millions of Pounds Sterling; and yet not- vatjIbnJn'g all thefe huge Loffes by fire, notwui-.ft.ind* i-iitiiat raoft devouring Pellilcnce in the Tear immedi- jtely aforegoing, and the then very chargeable War agiinft three potent Neighbours, the Citizens recovering, after it:iv Months, their Native Courage,have (nice fo cheerfully ini cnaninimilly l'cr thcmfelves to rebuild the City, that v.itlii.i tile If-ace of four Years, they erefted on the lame (iwatiJ looaa Houles, anJ laid up for the fame of pounds Sterling, counting but 300 pound a Houle one with another, betides lcveral large fiofpitals, divers very (lately Halls, 19 fair lolid Stone Churches that did coif above rccooo pound, were all at the fame time erefted, and loon after linilhed. Moreo“er as if the late lure had only purg’d the City, the buildings are become infinitely mere beautiful, more commodious, anti more lolid (rhe three main Virtues’ of all Edelices) than before : Nay, as if the Citiicirs had not been any way impoverifhed, but rather enriched by that huge Conflagration, they may be liij to be even wanton in their t'xpences, upon tire (lately hu¬ la ft;:',ir,i’s, or Fronts of their new Houles, Churches asl Halls ; (many of /Vr/ani Stone, as durable almoft as Marble;) upon their richly adorned Shops, Chambers, bal¬ conies, Signs, Portals, &c. Their publick Halls are richly fit off with cuiious Archicefture, carved Work in Stone at;! Wood, w ith Piftures and Wainlcor, not only ot Firr and Oak, but feme with fweet-fmelling Cedar; their Churches beautified with excellent various Towers, and 1 routs cf true Homan Architecture ; they made their felts much mure large and Anight; paved each lide with Imootli hewn Stone, guarded rhe lame with many Millie bulls for the Security of Foot-Palfengers; and il- Iminated by Night with Convex Lights, for the benefit of all: And whereas they before dwelt in low, dark, vooiiJen Cottages, they now live in lofty, lightfome, uni¬ form, brick-buildings : So that although the then King could not lay of this his capital City as one of the Emperors hid of Kami ; Latcritim in mii, Ahrmomm reliqui : Yet he night lay of it what was almoll equivalent; U±iu»m itrj.ni, 3 V 4 ffljr pjcfcut State Part III, Latcrieiam rcliyui : And of a principal Strufiurc of ti,i; City, the Ret)al Exchange, King Charles II- might have f 11( |, Litteriliam imtetsi, L.tpitieam rehtjtii. ^llblick 30 UilDingjff.] In this Noble City ate very many and Magnificent; thofe molt elpccialiy, that are con- fecrate to the Wotfiiip of Cod. There ate bolides the Royal Chappels of Whitehall and St. 'James's, that fpacio-js one of CttiU-hall, and many others; 135 Pariih-Cliurdw which, to the Glory of Cod, and the Honour of out Rs! formed Religion, is double the Number of any City in Cliriltendom; and molt of tliefe for Solidity of lki'i ing, for Spacioulr.cfs and Uniformity, for beautiful ani durable Stone-Work without, and for curious Wainl'ctt, and exquilite Carvings within, for Lightfomncfs ami Con¬ venience j do IirfEciently evidence the extraordinary valet that we have for the publick Worfnip of Cod : I ; or ir is no tcriousenough that thofe publick Places for Divine S.rnc;, which have been here built by this Age of Protellanty do abundantly furpafs, botli for Cod and Care, risr.l; which were built by our Ancelfors in the times of Popery. To begin with that already celebrated Piece of Archite- tture, the Cathedral Church of S t. Paul, which, though i: be not finilhed, doth even now Ihow to what an Imperii! Grandeur it is hadily alpiring; The I Jilhory of what it was in former times, I abbreviated in all the precedingE- ditions of this Manual : But becauie I keep my felf now more dtiftly to the Prcfetit State of things; I Ihall only lay, That it was lirft founded by Stgbirt a Sam King, An. 610. in a Place faith JVlr. Stldat, where had flood i Temple of Diana. But the Commentator on Anttnim'i Itinerary, fuppofes out Antiquary not to be in camel! when lie Cays Ltmiim was called Llsati Dial, i. e. The Tetrak of Diana. Afterwards ’twas enlarged by Ekenvald, the fourth Bilhop of this See. The greateft part was delhoy- ed by Fire, ic 8 < 5 . in a general Conflagration of almolltii whole City, and rebuilt by Mauritius the 351/) Bilhop, bn notiinilhed till ran. It was 6yo Foot long, tint’s :a more than Sr. Peter's in Rome. The Nave or Body of tit Cliurch 101 Foct high, 130 broad : It's Area 3 Acres and ' , its Tower in the middle (Tar it was built as other Cathedrals, crofs-wife) 520 Foot high, befides a I’olecl Hopper gilt, 9 Foot in conipals ; on which wjs a Crofs Part III. of ENG LAND. 3 ft k and ! Foot high; and on tint an Eagle-Ock of Cop- t:r gil f , 4 Foot long. /is i,-di, it was damaged much by Fire ; and within t Years repaired by Q. Elizatrl :; the Clergy i t the Pro¬ vince of CanLrimrj, and the Cituens of London, all comri- bring thereunto. A little before the Parliamentary Rebellion, by the Care of Arch-bilhop Laud, whild he was Bilhop of London, this vail Building was in a great meafure folidly and fumptunufly repaired ; and befides what was already ex¬ pended 170000/. repofired in the Chamber of London, for the finifliing of it; but was taken out- foon after, and em¬ ployed in an unnatural War, as it too often happens that Rebellion cutis in Sacrilege. It is nose rebuilding with greater Solidity, Magnifi¬ cence and Splendor, by the mod: renowned Architeft, Sir Ciripi'k-.r V/ren ; the Tax upon Sea-Coal Rill continuing, king if- 6 d. upon every Chaldron ; befides the li¬ beral Contributions of pious and devout Perfons, among whom that Learned Pattern of primitive Goodnefs, Arch- bilhop Bancroft, while he was Dean of this Church, was itolb eminent for the carrying onfo Religious and Glori¬ ous a Work. The Body of this Noble Pile, is, for the mod part, already built, and appears now, through a Wood of Scaifolding, tie Wonder and the Glory of the Kingdom. The next is, that Ancient Stately Abby-Church of Wifi- nitjkr, founded before the Norman Conqueft, by the pious King, bboard the Conftjfor ; and mod richly endowed; afterwards re-built from the Ground by King Hen. 111 . with •hat rare ArchiteQure now feen, wherein are the mod mag- nifeent Tombs and Monuments of out Kings and Queens; of our greated Nobles aud famous Worthies of England. To the Lad End of which is added a Chappel of King VII. which, for the mod admirable artificial Work without and within, for a Monument of maflyBrafs, mod cmioudv wrought, and other Mader-Pieces ot Art, is fctee to be parallelpd in the World. This huge Fabrick funds on that, which was once the only firm piece of Ground in Wcdmmfter , formerly called Thomiy Ifland ; "'here is faid to have been a Temple dedicated to AftSt; >nd afterwards the Saxon King Sigiert, the fird Builder of Pnl’s aforementioned, built here alfo a Church to Sta 6 JDIje pufent State Part 111 , Piter-, and yet it is the Conjefture of many Judicious At. chitefts, and Learned Antiquaries, that the ancient StruQure yet (landing betwixt IhUving-Lune , or Bon-jlritt , and the great Sanftuary, now employed only as a Cellar fof Wines, called Bach's Cellars, might very probably have been that Church of King Scgbcrt ; it being made Church- wile, with a double Crols ; and the manner of its Build ing, certainly of greater Antiquity than any other what- foever about the City ; the Pillars are very large, fquatt, and Prong ; but bearing no true Proportion with the nil of the Fabrick ; the Arches pointed , yet in nothing imitating either the Gothick or Roman Building Queen Elizabeth converted this Abby into a Collegi¬ ate Church, and therein placed a Dean, and 12 Secular Canons, or Prebendaries, a Mailer and Ulher, forty Scho¬ lars, Vicars, Singing-Men, and 12 Alms-Men. This Magnillccnt Abby-Church hath of late Years vny much decayed; and notwithftanding the Dean and Pre¬ bendaries have largely contributed to the Repairing of it, to the great lell'ening of their yearly Income j yet be¬ ing no ways able to fupport it without a publick Bene- faflion, the late Parliament was generoully pleafed to il- low them 30000 Pounds out of theTax upon Coals coward) this pious Work. Dr- Dollin, the late Lord Arch-bi(hop of llrl, at his firfl coming to this Deanery, added a thirteenth Prebend, viz. St. Piter the Patron, which was an equal Share to be allowed by the 12 Prebendaries, amount¬ ing to the full Value of one of theirs, anJ is em¬ ployed towards the Repair of the faid Abby-Church. There are Petty-Canons, and others belonging to tat Choir, to the Number of thirty. Thefe are the two Mother-Churches ; but itwouldhe endlefsto fpeak particularly of all other Churches of great Henutk; as Bow-Church in Chctpjitk ; wiiofe collly nes Tower, for Solidity, Beauty, and a Ring of Bells, is match- lefs. The fpacious Church of Ce-mit-Gurdm hath not on: Pillar in it, belides thole Magnificent ones of its Portico; yet the Roof of which is flat, and plain, is fubflantisll)' fupported by Mylterious VVntkmanlhip. The Amplitude, and Statelineli of divers other Churches is very wonderful; Partlll. of ENGLAND. h - ? uCirifi's-Clin'c/t, St. Andrevs-HiUmt, St. Latmnce’s; where [litre are r ' vo celebrated Weekly Leftures, St. Mnhatl Cm-hM's, St. Margaret's, St. Jamei's, and St. Aim’s H’.Ji- fllnfltr, St. Bridct, where the Hofpital or Spittle Sermons in £«J?ir-VVeek, and the Mufick Sermon on St. Cecilia's Di)'lure been commonly held. St. Margaret's Wepninjier, where the Sermons are on all Solemn Occalions preach'd before the Honourable Houle of Commons; mod of which ire richly furnifhed with Millie Communion-Plate, liimp- tiious A'tir-pieces, Mirble, or Alabafter-Fronts, Carved Pulpits, Cloths of Gold and Silver, or Velvet, fringed ini embroidered, l’cr.'ian Carpets, and the like. I PALACES and HOUS ES belonging to the CROWN. N EAR the Abby-Church of Wcftminlhr Rood the Royal Palace and ufual Place of Refidence for the Kings of England , who ordinarily held their Parliament and ail their Courts of Judicature in their D.velling-Hou- fa (as was done at Paris by the King of France, in the/?; itllijlri Dame ; and is at this Day at Madrid by the King of Spain) and many times fate themfelves in the laid Courts of Judicature, as they do dill fometimes in their Court of Parliament. A great part of this huge Palace was in the time cf Hen. VIII. deftroyed by Fire; what re¬ mained hath been Rill employed .for the Ufe of the Lords and Commons alfembled in Parliament, and for chief Courts of Judicature, and for the King’s Treafury. The Great Hill where the Great Courts of KingYBench, Common- fleas, and Chancery ate kept, fome fay, was builc by Mam Xiifiit ; others, by Richard I. which, fot all its' Dimenlions, is not to be equalled by any Hall in Chrt- flendom. It is, including the Walls, juft jso Foot long, and too broad ; th e heighth proportionable to its other am¬ ple Dunen'.ions ■ And the Roof of Irijh Oak moll curious. Aaj 358 £ljc JDjeltnt fjtatc Tart III, Of the TOWER ./'LONDON. F O R the Security and Defence of this famous City and River, there hath been anciently divers Fortrefles; but that called the Tower of London, hath been eminent i- above all others : It is not only a Fort or Citadel to defend and command both City and River, but a Royal Palace likewifc where our Kings with their Courts have fometiira lodged ; a Royal Arfenal, where are Arms and Ammuni¬ tion for (iooco Soldiers ; the Treatury for the Jewels ml Ornaments of the Entfifh Crown, the great Mint for Coin¬ ing of Gold and Silver; the Great Archive, where n; ennferved all the ancient Records of the Courts of H'ejlm'p jitr, &c. The chief l’rifon for the fafe Cuflody of great Pa- fons that are Criminals in matters of State ; in lliort, if it: great Extent thereof within the Walls be conlidered, and h; Authority over the fevcral Hamlets without, and the nuny high Priviledges and Liberties belonging thereto, it mij rather be reputed a City than a Citadel. . In the midftof it, the great white Square-Tower was built by William da Conquerour. In what County the Tower is (or whether it be in anv) is not determined; part of it fome hold to be in Ki dlefex, and part in the Liberty of the City : Thofe that were tryed for the Murder of Sir Thomas Qverbary, by the judges Opinion, were tryed as in the City, the Faft bein’ done in that part of the Tower held to be in the City Li¬ berties. Within the Tower is one Parochial Church, and a Rijt Chaffcl, called Cxfar’s Chappcl, but ’tis now out of uft; the Church is called S. Petra act yincula infra Turr/tw, exempt from all Ecdefiadical Jurifdiftion of the Archbilhop, and is a Donative bellowed by the King, without Miration! and Induftion. COnffablfjBCf tlyeSDfer.] The Tower of London, till tl«! beginning of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, was governed by i Corf able, and fometimes by a Cuftos Tunis, and in bis if fence by a Lieutcnanr, or Deputy; they had the Go¬ vernment of tbcTower, fometimes during Life, Ibrnetim-oi PartHI. of ENGLAND. ; T9 Dorate lent pheito, were Privy-Councellors, and Ind their Reiidence in the Royal Palace within the 7oror, and fome- times had the Cuflody of the Armories, Stores and Vifiu- sis: thefe were all oft-times Lieutenants and Conlervators of the City of London, Sheriffs of Middlefex, and other ad¬ jacent Counties, had the Power to infpeft all 0dices with¬ in the Tower, and to report to the King all Miiilemeannrs otNeglefts ; and in Stai. 28 of Edw. 3. Chap. to. to de¬ clare the Penalty of the Mayor and Sheriffs, of the City of London, for neglefting to redrefs Errors, Mifprilt- ons,dro and the Tryals of Defaults lhall be by Enqueffs of Foreign Counties, as E/ex, Kent, See. that the Conffable, ot his Lieutenant (hall, in fucli cafe, receive and execute the King’s Writs. Many other Powers and Priviledges did anciently belong to the Conffable of the Tower of London : And dim Dm. 1697. the Right Honourable K'iLam Lord AUngton, Uaron of Wymondley in England, and Baron of K:l- kd in Inland, had that Dignity and Office of ConJIaMt of the Tcar.fr, and Liberties thereof, conferred upon him in the room and place of the Right Honourable Jama Earl of Hirihmifton, with the Fee or Allowance of 1000 l. per dam j he was Lord Lieutenant of the Hamlets, in Num¬ ber at, lying in feveral Parilhes of large extent belonging to the Tower; whole Train’d-Bands being two entire Regi¬ ments of Foot, of eight Companies in each Regiment, and about 100 well-appointed Men in each Company, one with mother, do form a Body of between 3 and 4000 Men, who ite to attend the King’s Perlon in time of need, and are to march no fuither than the King ; they were fometimes the Guards of the Tower, and are, if there be occafion, ready to teinforce the Garifon by Command of the Conffable, who Virtuti Officii, is to be in the Commiilion of the Peace for the City of London, Counties of Middlefex, Kent, By the late Death of the aforementioned Lord Alingtm, that conliderable Office became vacant, and is not yet Id¬ led up. limtenart.] The next Officer in Command, is rhe Chief Covernour, or Lieutenant of the Tbwer ; he is allb by virtue of his Office, to be in Commiilion for the Peace of the Counties of Middlefcx, Kent, and Surrey, and is to aft under, and be fubordinate to the Conffable for the time be- A i 4 ing, ;6o £l)f V'Jffftit fetate Partin. ing, in all things touching the Execution of the faid Of fic's of Conftable, and during his abfence, to do, perform, and execute all Powers and Authorities, Aids,Matters and Things whatfoever, relating to the Execution of the Office of Con- ftable, in as ample manner, as if the Conftable were petfo- nally prefent. (le hath for the Execution of his Officer Salary of too /. per /mam, with all the Fees and Penjui- lues, which Sir 'John Rolmjtn, or any other of his Predecef- furs ever had. fie hath, as appurtenant to his Office, by Grants of (livers of the former Kings of England, the Priviledge of taking Unam Lagenam, two Gallons and a Pint, ante malum & retro, and a certain quantity out of every Boat laden with Lol-fters and Oyfters, or any other Shell- filh which pafil-th by the Tnrir, and takes double the qiian. tirv out of every Aliens Boat, to what he takes out of the Natives. Every l’crlon ol the Quality of a Duke, being lent Priicncr to the Tower pays aoo /. as his Pec. Every Baron under the Degree of a Duke rcc /. and every Eoq- moner to l. He hath alfo a further Perquifite, the dilpo- fal of the40 Yeomen-Warderj Places as they dieoff. Under the Command of the ConHaule (and ill his Ab- f.-nce of the Lieutenant; arc die Gentleman Porter, the 43 yeomcn-YVarders, and the Gunner of the Tower. The prefau Lieutenant of the Tower is/rlic Right Honourable 1 l 1 1 y ‘kft C. i iitlniinll IDOrff fa] The Getitlamt Porter, (who holds ins hat e by l atent.! He hath charge of the Gates, tolod lip, anifopen; am! to deliver the Keys to tfcc Conftable,(and in hi- Ablence to the Lieutenant! every Night, and to it- c-.ivc them of him in the Morning : He commands tb Warders that arc upon the Djys-svait, and at the Entrant! n; a Prisoner harh for his l ee pefiimcnt* Superiora, or ells a Gomcoiirion for the lame, which is uftully 30 /. for 1 jeer, and •- t. a niece for others. tore, mat tne ancient Allowance from the King to i Duke Prisoner in the Tower, was 1:/. a Week, now be: 4 I, the like to a Maiquils ; to all other Lords anciently 10 t. i Week, now it. '4.'. 5 i. to Knights and Gent.c- n tii heretofore 3 I. a Week, now 13 s. and 4 d, tp indi¬ gent rritoners, now 10 1, per Week. tot PartHI. ofENGLAND. 361 Court Of JRjfOjDjB.J In the Tower is an ancient Ccm-t cf blind. held every Mindy by Prefcription, for the Liberty of the Tower, of Debt, Trefpafs, and other Aftions of a- ny Sum greater or lelfer, whereof you may read in the 4th of Eliz. 4. /. f€. a. b. Befrdes the ancient Liberty of the Tower which adjoins to it, the Old-Arrillcry-Garden by Sfiitle-Fields, and the Litth Mimria, are within the Tow¬ er-Liberty : Tile Gentleman-Porter of the Tower, for the time being, hath the fame Power and Authority in the Lid Liberty, as Sheriffs within their Refpedlive Counties, and teconftiruteth Bailiffs rhereof, to execute all fuclr Procefs and Warrants asdirefted to them by the Stewards of the Court, and hath all Ejchitti, Dadmdt, and Goods of ail Fc- h itU. OiiirDfrS.] The Timtn-Wardcrt of the Tower are 40 in number, who are accounted die King’s Domeffick Ser¬ vants, and are fworn by the Lord Chamberlain of bis Ma- jellj’s Ho'jflrold, or by tire Clerk of the Cheque; their Du¬ ty is to attend Pnfoners of State, and to wait at tire Gates; Ten of them are ufually upon the Days-wait, to take an Account of all Perfons that come into the Tower, to en¬ ter rlreir Nanujs, and the Names of the Perfons they goto, in i Book, to be perilled by thd Conftable, or Lieutenant. Trvo of them are upon the Watch every Night. II)C LDfficc anti toper of tlje tooths in tlje u.0rlUr.J TheO^Vrof his Majefty’s Riceuis kept in the lower of Lmicii, is of very venerable Antiquity, and the Keeper and Deputy of the fame dignified with fpecisl Timff. fills Officer is firfl recommended by the Mailer of the Rlu ' to the King, and if he be found fitly qualified ro exe¬ cute the great 1 ruff, he is admitted and i’u orn by the laid taler, and afterwards confirmed by the King’s Letters- b was before the taking away of the Ccur: tf Wards of £ r «t Profit, but now become very inconliderable. before Mr. William Pryrme came to be Keeper of rhefe Re¬ cords, they bad lain many Years in one confided Chaos, Mired under Duff and Cobwebs in a Corner of the Wlrite- 1 “wet, in tire deanling whereof, faith Mr. Pijnni, he SC&e gjtffitt State Part III, found many rare, precious Records, relating to the High. Court of Parliament, and to all the Courts in IVeffainfen Hill ; to our Laws, Government, Trade, Merchants, Coin, Revenue, Militia, Navy, Wars; to the Affairs of Englni, Wales, Scotland, Inland to all the King’s Dominion; in France, and all the IJl-s adjacent, to Spain, Portugal, he. Relating alfo to all Tranfaftions with the Pope ef Rmi, Cardinalt, Legate/, &c- to all the Priviledges of our Clergy, and our Laity, betides many Records of private Concern, ment; all which will require much time , and many Hands to kalendar, or reduce into Alphabetical Tables. Thus far for Mr. Prynne. ■ As the Chappel of the Rett in Chancery-lane, and Petty-h.- Office do fill with Records out of other Offices, they are tranfmitted into the Tower after fome Years; for it hath been the Wifdom and Care of former Ages, to fend the Records of the feveral Courts to the Tower, for their pre- fervation and Safety, not only as a Policy of State, but the particular Intereft of all Men, having Eftates , requiting it; there being many Prelidents for it remaining m the Records of the Tower, and a particular Form of a Writ, to fend the Records in the Chappel of the Rolls to the Tower of London. The Records'of the Tower (amongfi other things) con¬ tain the Foundation of Abbeys, and other Religious Hou- fes; and the Records in the Rolls contain the Diffolutioa of thofe Abbeys, and the Donation of the Lands, of which many Families are now polled; and if thofe Records were all in one Place, the People might have accefs unto them, all under one and the fame Search and Charge, which would ' be a great eal'e and benefit to the People, and fafety to the " :cords of this Nation. lielides, the Records at the Roll/ being joined to thofe in the Tme:r, will make a perfeft continuance of all the anci¬ ent Rights of the Englijb Nation, which are nosv fet forth in rhe^Records of the Tower, whereof thefe following are a few Heads, or Particulars of them. [tout i.ta offomc of tf]e JXxcoiOa.] Part W. ofENGLAND. 3 6 j Ami all the Achievements of this Nation in Tra.r.-, , tti other foreign Parts. The Original of all the Laws that have been ena&ed or recorded, until the Reign of Richard HI. The Homage anil Dependency of Scotland upon England. The Efiabhlhment of Inland in Laws and Dominions. The Dominion of the Britifit Seas, totally excluding both the French and Hollanders to lilh therein, without Liccnfc from England, proved by Records before the Conqueft. The Intereft of the I'll o/ Man , and the Ifks of jofy, Gm'nj,Sark, and Allcrny ; which four laid are tile renuin- iii» part of the Hmnan I’olfeflion. fr,e Title of the Realm of France, and how obtained. And ail that the Kings and Princes of this Land have, un¬ til tli. t time done abroad, or granted or confirmed unto their bubjefts at home or abroad. Tenures of all the Lands in England , Extents or Surr eys of Mannors and Land ; Inquilitions fojl mortem, of infinite advantage upon Trials of Jntereft or Dcl’cent. Liberties and l’riviicdges granted to Cities and Towns Corporate or to private Men, as Court-Leets, Waiffs, la- drays, Markets,Fairs, free-Warren, Felons Goods, or what tile could come to the Crown, or pal’s out of it. Several Writs, Pleadings, and Proceedings, as well in Cteucty, as in all the Courts of Common Laser ; and Ex- hffotdmm's and Enrollments of Chartersand Deeds, made and done before the Conqueft, Deeds or Contracts between Party and Parry, and the juft Eftablilhments of all the Of¬ fices in the Nation- The Metes and Bounds of all the Forefts in England, with the leveral refpeitive Rights of the Inhabitants therein to Common of Pafture, &c. Belides many other Priviled- ges and Evidences, which are too long to be here repeated ot inlerted. And are therefore in the Petition of the Commons of England in Parliament, Anno 4 6. Edw. III. Knmb. 43. Did ro be the perpetual Evidence of every Man’s Right, and the Records of this Nation, without which no Story of the Na¬ tion can be written or proved. Thel'e Records are repofited within a certain Place ot Tower, called Wabficld Tower, adjoining to the Bloody Tower. NearTraitors-GatetheTe is another Place called STijc pjEftnt fetatf Partlll. 'Iitli hi Cefar’i Chappcl, in the Wiiite Tower ; the going tip to this Chappel is in CtlA-Harkr, 84 Steps up, with 6 or 8 great Pillars on each fide; and, at the upper End thereof, there was a Marble Altar, which in the late times of Rebel, lion, was caufed to be beaten down, as a Monument of Tyranny and Superllition. There are many Cart-Loads of Records lying in this Place, out of which William Prynne El'q; late Keeper of the fame, with indefatigable Labour, collefted and printed ma¬ ny of publick Utility, Anm 16,-9, t66o, 1661, 1664. in three feveral Volumes; the fecond beginning Prim Rtgii % hannii : for before that time there were no Rolls, but on. ly Charte Antiejae; or ancient Tranfcripts made and done before, and linca theConquefl, until the beginning of Jih: there follows his Son Hen. III. where the fir(1 Office, pi,? Mirtcm, begins ; then there is Earn. I, II, and III, Rick. II, // «. IV. Hen. V, Hen. VI. and Eieard IV. and Inquifitions pi/} \foriem of Richard III. who reigned only three Years; the Rolls of that King are in the Chappel of the Rolls in Ck.ir.ary-L.ine. [Iljc fetal flpirha 0:1 tljc J&jrffrc toljicl) contain ttjc ftrcojOff.J The Rolls of the To®,-rare varioufly diftinguiflied, m. RttuliPatmtiHm,Chartarnm,ParUammlmm,Claufarum,Fittim, Scotie, Vafctnie, Francie, llihrnie, Wfa'Jie, Ntrmanie, AIt. nan nit, Oblate, Liberate, Extracte, Ptrambulatimei Fertile, Scutag. Relat. Mtrcfchal Rime, At erengii Chert. & Patent, fell, inpartibut tranfmtrinil, patent At Dimibtu JuAetrum protcllm. AeparAtm»im,b:. Stipule, cunt mbit alii:, which are late¬ ly depifted upon the our-fide of every Prefs in the Reper¬ tory belonging to each King’s Reign -, and very ealily to be brought forth for the Ui\: of the Client by Tables of Orders banning up in the laid Office, and fubferibed by the Keooc: thereof. Tile fame is to be kept open, and confhntly attended for all Reforters thereto, from the Hours of 7 to it of the Clock in the Morning ; atad from 1 to 5 in the Afternoon, every Dry of the Week, except in the Months of December, January and February ; and in them front 8 till 11 in the Morning, and from 1 rill 4in the Afternoon; except on Holy-Days, publick Fading, and Thankfgiving Days, ami times of great Ped-’e ate. The PartHI. cf ENGL AND. ^ The prefent Cujlm Rotuhrum or Keeper of the Records ir. the Tower, is that eminent Lawyer and laborious Antiqua¬ ry Wiliam Pint Efq; ®ffice Of ®^Bnancr.] Within the Tower is kept the Office of his Majefly’s Ormr.cc, w hich hath been always an Office of great Account and Importance; as being the'only Standing and Grand Magazine of the principal Prerogatives, Habiliment.', Utenlils and Inflrumenrs cf War, as well by Sea as Land for the Defence and Safety of the Kingdom; and conlequetitly hath Influence in the Navies, Fort', Ca¬ dies, and Armies thereof ; having the Superintendence, Ordering, and Difprfing, as well of the Grand Magazine in theJinw, as at Woolwich, Chatham, Portjmouth, Upmr-Cajllt, Upmutb, Hull, Berwick, and elfewhere; wherein generally in’Iimcs of Peace, there is Powder to the Quantity of about 14 or 1;oco Darrels ; with Arms for Horfe and Foot, Ordnance, Shot, and other Stores proportionable, as well for Sea as Land, lodged in their feveral Store-hcules apart, with great Order and Care, for the better preferving, ar.d more fpeedy dilpatch in delivering rut the fame, as the King’s Occalion (hall require ; which may not only defend figW, but be fo formidable to all cur Neighbours. It is under the Government in chief, of the Mailer of the Ord¬ nance, who is commonly a Perfon of great Eminence, and Integrity; and is in franc called U Grant Maiftrea’ Artille- ’ic, which Word Art Merit, is either ab Arte Telcrum Uit- tndirm; or elfe it denotes all manner of Ordnance, and may poffibly be derived from the Italian Artlglio, lignifying the Talons or Claws of Vultures, Eagles, and iiich rapaci¬ ous birds of Prey : As alfo of Dragons, Dalilisks, and Grif¬ fons : By which they not only defend themfelvcs, but tear and rend in pieces all thatoppol'e them. Hence the feveral forts of C ami feeni to be denominated from Inch bind of Creatures, as Falcons, Faliconcts, bakers, Culverines (from the Latin Coluber, lignifying a Serpent or Dragon) and bafrlisks, (re. Other Officers belonging to the Artillery, are, Me Majtcr of the 0 rjnanct. fke Lieutenant-General. Surveyor. Clerk of the Ordnance. And ;6i- ven, received, lent, or imployed, without due record there¬ of; to lerve as a Cheque between the two Accomptants of the Office, the one for Money, the other for Stores The Store-keeper is to take into his Charge and Cuftody ill his Ma]elry s Ordnance, Munitions and Stores thereun¬ to belonging ; and to indent and put in Jeg.l Security for the tale keeping thereof; and for making juft and true Ac- torapr from time to time, to receive no Provifions whatfo- erer that are mamfeftly unferviceable, or before they have been lurveytd by the Surveyor; not to iffiue any proportion of Ordnance, Munition and Stores, except the faid pro¬ portion he agreed upon and fign’dbythe Officers according to the Signification and Appointment of the Mafler of the Ordnance, grounded uponthe Order of his Alajefty’s or fix of the Privy Council, or the Lord Admiral for matters concerning the Navy ; nor to receive back any Stores for- meily lffiied, until they have been reviewed by the Sur- wyor, andregiftred by the Clerks of the Ordnance in the Ecok of Remains; to look that all his Majefty’s Srore- cuies he well repaired, and well accommodated ; and the tores kept in fucli Order and Luftre as is fit for the Service ana Honour of his Majefty. The Clerk of Deliveries, his Duty is to draw up all Pro¬ portions or Orders for delivering any Stores or Provifions whatloever, either at the Tomr, or any other of his Maje¬ lty s Magazines, to fee them diily executed; and by In- btmure^f Receipt to charge thfc particular Receiver of his %lty s faid Stores, and to rigifter as well Copies of all Warrants tor Deliveries, as the Proportion delivered, for the better dilcharging of the Storekeeper. The Trealiirer or Pay-mafter is he, through whofe Hands the Money ot the whole Office of the Ordnance runs as ''■ell lor Payment of Salaries as Debentures; by which method all Money but Salaries, is difpofed of, whether lot fortifications, Building, buying in of Stores, &c. and no Money to be by him allowed to any Perfon, without ‘[f j ’ ° r appointed - t0 be pjid ty the Alafter under There 3 68 Elje pjcfent &tate Part III, There are other fubordimte Officers, who likewife hold their Places by Patent j as, Firjt, The Maper-Gimner of England, who is to teach and indru£t al 1 l'ucli as delire to learn the Art of Gunnery, and to adminider to every Scholar an Oath ; which, belides the Duty of Allegiance, bindeth him not to ferve any loreijn Prince or State (without Leave) nor to teach the Art of Gunnery to any but to fuels as have taken the laid Oath ; and to certifie to the Mailer of the Ordnance, the Sufficiency of any Perfon recommended to be one of his M, jelly's Paid Gunners, and his Ability to difeharge the Duty of a Gunner. Secondly, The prefent Keeper of the Small Guns, who hath the Charge and Cuflody of his Majedy’s Small Guns; is Mufquets, Harqucbuzes, Carabines, Piflols, iyc. with their There are divers other inferiour Miniders, Attendants and Artificers; as the Clerks, Proof-mailers, Melfengtrs, Mailer-Smith, Mailer-Carpenter, Mafler-Whechvright, Mi- (ler-Gunfmith, Furbilher, and the like ; which for brevity fake (hall be palled over. Yet it may not be here omitted, that there is a furtlitt Superintendency and Jurildi&ion peculiar to the Muller of the Ordnance, over all his Majedy’s Engineers, employ¬ ed- in the fcveral Fortifications of this Kingdom; mod of whom have their Salaries and Allowances payable in the faid Office, to which they are accountable, and from whenct they receive their particular Orders and (nflruftions, re¬ cording to the Diredlions and Commands given by his Majelly, and lignilied by the Mailer of the Ordnance. tate Part I][ As fi'll, the Cmmijfmirs, who have the whole Chiro and Management of all his Majefty’s CujUm, (the ft/ij. firms excepted; in all the Ports of Inland ; and likewifeth; Overlight of all Officers thereunto belonging. The p I; . fent Coir.miffioners are feven, and are allowed by the Kin» a Salary of 1200 /. to each per Annum. a Thele Commiffioners hold their Places lay Patent from the King, as thefe other Officers alfo do, vie. _ _/• s. 1, Plantation-Clerk, and for the Duty of 4 and 1 IpsrOnt. _) .30000, Receiver-General, and Cafhier-1000 000 Comptroller-Generalof the Accounts-1000 00 r: Colletlor of the Subfidy outwatds -27 6 13 cp Cullomer of the Cloth and Petty-Cufloms — 277 06 cl Colleftdr of the Subfidy inwards - — *66 13 04 Cuflomer of the Petty-Cuftoms inwards- 61 06 c! Cullomer of the Great Culloms-- 50 Comptroller of the Great Culloms --- 30 Comptroller of the Subfidy inward and outward 25s Comptroller of the Cloth and Petry-Cullcms — 50 Surveyor of the Culloms, and Subfidies inward! and outward. J 3 Regilter of Seizures - - - 300 Chief Searcher --rao Colleftor of the Duties oftlie Ail of Navlgation-joo Solicitor to take care of Coalt- Bonds, and ocher"* igg Services. S Regiller in the King’s Remembrancer’s-Office 1 for Clerks, &c. in looking after Coall-Bonds.J f Uliter of the Cullom-Houfe ---- 004 Seven Under-Searchers, at 12 1. each ptr Ah. 1 » In all j ,ttrAif\ „ la all/ 9 of ENGLAND. 373 minted bf Warrant from the Lords Commiffio* s of bis Majeftfi TREASURY. OneExaminer outwards — - ■■ ■■■ — -030 One Receiver outwards - — -oSu One Copying Clerk outwards -- —030 On; Examiner inwards —-- • - . 060 One Receiver from the Plantations -—ion One Receiver for the grand Receipts inwards—100 One for the Wines and Currans One Copying Clerk inwards-—~040 One Wine -1 after, and Examiner of tlieSuf-\ 090 liciency of Officers Securities j OneWine-Tafter and Gager - 0S0 One Clerk of the Coaft-liulincfs -040 One AlMant to the Clerk of the Ships Entries—030 Clerk of the Plantation-Accompts -050 One Clerk to the Accomptant •- —050 One Northern Clerk - ■ ■■ pin One Plantation-Clerk- 0;* One Copying Clerk — 060 Four Examiners of the out Port Books__00 Tliree Jeti]u«r$at 10 ol. each —_ 3 oO On: Clerk of tire Coalt-Burmefs. and making'! J Bills of Store f °i° Two Appraifers, each 30 1 - is - 0 ; 0 Six Pair of Oars for the Coaft-Colleftors. each ? , 6esl ftr Arnnon. j' 1 One Pay-Malter of the Incidents ---040 One Examiner and Computer of rhe Wines 1 and Currans f °f 0 1 A Door-keeper 10/. and a MelTenger 30 /.j 0+Q ( Six Watchmen for the Haufe, at 2 J /. Per An -) each C * 5 ° < Surveyor of the Ware-houfe - —100 1 Warehoufe-teeper for a Cleric —— — 350 < 374 STlje f jelctu £>tate ^ art III. Affiftant to the Surveyor of the Warehoufe —1>40 oo t Seventeen Coafl-VVaitcrs, at 40 l. fer Annan \ each. Their Bulinels is to go on Board/ Merchant-Ships, as they come up the Ri-> 6 80 00 00 ver li:,wm, till their Officers take them ini charge. In all) One Surveyor of the Coaft-Waiters-060 00 00 One Clerk to the Tide-Surveyors, and to fet ( the Weighing-Porters on work J 050 00 08 Twenty five Weighing-Porters, at 25 !. each. I ^ In allJ* ot> 00 Surveyors of the Land-Waiters, at 150 1. each, Eight. Makes in all-, aoo oo 00 Surveyor of the Searchers-—-—1500000 Six Searchers, at 27 1 , each, Is in all——161 00 00 Regiflcr of the Cocquets in the Searchers Office 030 01 a Tide-Surveyors, at 60 /. each, makes -480 0000 Thirty one Land-Waiters, at 80/. each, 1 , „„ Makes in all/ 2+30 00 00 Fourlcore Tidefmen, at 5 /. each, belides 3 ;.i per dim each, when employed on Board of > 400 00 to Ships. i Thirteen {.and-Carriage-men, at 35 /. each,) whofe Bufinefs is totake notice of all Goods> 45; 00 00 by Carriers, which ought to pay Cuftoms.^ One Surveyor of the Land-Carriage-Men - 80 00 00 Thirty lire Watchmen, at 61 . ty 1. each-243 000a Sixteen Noon-Tenders, who attend the Goods a on the Keys, whilft the other Officers go to> 256 00 oo Dinner, At itf 1. each. i Twelve Pair of Oars. Eight pair for the Tide-Surveyors, One for the Surveyor of the Aft of Naviga-) don, / One for the Searchers, ' > 720 op 00 One for the Wood-Office, l OnefortheSurveyor of Search: At 60 /.each.) 1 ' Jlnb of ENGLAND. i:d m one Surveyor - C„-M one Searcher • - ~ Twoeair of Oars there at 30 1. each —' L/one Surveyor, Waiter and Searcher- T,vo Perfons to clean the Cujlm-Hiufe toU, ®n e Waitet and Searc ll£t ~ one Surveyor - —— et Bills of Exchange accepted - — Clerk for Bills of Exchange - - : wfend Smack, and five Men, &(. 2 , r J, one Collector, and Surveyors archer of his Majefty’s Duties in theS- r Colonies of Ilia-Eni land. * One Comptroller ~~ _ One Searcher-' ‘ “ *' chkfor, Two Cullomers--- ° One Comptroller ; at 13 /. i o r. One Searcher at 10 /. 2 mimfim, one Cuftomer inward —— 0 One Cuilomer outward - — ° One Comptroller, 45 >■ Searcher 10/.-. 3 Pul, One Cuftomer - ““ 4 One Comptroller, 10 /. Searcher 8 I. - 1 im, One Cuftomer -—— --- 8 One Comptroller, 10/. 61- 8 d. Searcher 20 1. 3 ( BmjlMi, One Cuftomer ■ ■— 1 5 fymth, One Cuftomer --■ —— 3 lam, One Comptroller. iol.i6i.Sil. Sear -7 cher, 30 1. 5 C'mjlir, One Cuftomer • • ■ 0 One Searcher, 8/. 13;. 41 i. ■ — — — 0 8r, K One Cuftomer outward —. ■ — >• s Bb* nt Vpiefent State n 6 One Cultomer inward ——• - One Comptroller --- - —- One Searcher —. -■ . , — Bridgewater, One Cultomer - — ■■ One Comptroller, 51. 61. 8 d. Searcher — JHUferd-Haven, OneCultomer - -- One Comptroller, jo/. Searcher ml. -- Xardiff, One Cultomer --— — , One Comptroller 10 l Searcher 10/. -- Jpfwitk, One Cuflomer - - _ One Comptroller, jo I. Searcher 8 /. - Tamutth, One Cultomer —— _ _ One Comptroller, 10/. Searcher 8/. - Lym-Rcgit, One Cultomer — ■ - One Comptroller, 15 /. 4 1 ,4 d. 1 Searcher 12 1. CarliJIe, One Cultomer — - One Comptroller 10 /. another 20 /. -- Btjlm, Two Cultoiners — ■ ■- 1 Comptroller, j 2 /. 9 r. 2 rf. 1 Searcher 2 /. Hull, OneCultomer - — _ _ The one Comptroller —* — — The other Comptroller, 16 1. n t. 4 d. Sear- - ) chert 2/. > Nm-Caflle, Two Cullomers - ,_ One Comptroller, 20 /. Searcher 20/. — c htjler, One Cuftomer — _ t Comptroller, 20 /. r Searcher 2 /. 6.1. 8. d. Berwick, One Cultomer — ._ I Comptroller, 25/. Sir Chr. Mufgrave. j8 0000 27 04 04 s 2 Warrant-Officers. Rithejler 4 Officers - Feverfiam, 7 Officers — Sandwich , 7 Officers — Deal, 4 Officers - Dtruer, 13 Officers - . Rye, 13 Officers —___ New-havtn, j Officers — ChicheQer, 9 Officers — tmbampm, 17 Officers Yearly /. I — 175 00 C3 — 292 12 00 - 75 00 CO — 208 00 00 — 600 00 03 qs., IS Officers and the Smack -— 1 6 Officers -- - KV, ,a:i, 14 Officers . . , i)ia 19 Officers - -- - toi, &c. 19 Officers — - —— Dnmiath, 16 Officers - - &c. $3 Officers and the Smack - I la, a Officers ■ ■ — - - | in tf, 6 Officers - ■ Silmiuh, 15 Officers -— - Trim, 3 Officers — .— -• lam, 2 Officers - —. . _ hsunct, 4 Officers - M/for, 4 Officers — ■ Siiiijtrd, 18 Officers Smjlilk, 4 Officers — Iridgtwaier, 4 Officers - Knhtmi, 7 Officers _ . Srijhl, 57 Officers •r? Cr n.‘ lre man y m ? re Ports than are here exprefs’d ; and if they lhould be particulariz’d, would take up much more room ; befides tile Alterations which are frequently made, will render the fame ufelefs. The Houfe where this great Office was formerly kept, tang deftroyed by the late dreadful 1’ire, is now rebuilt m a much more magnificent, uniform, and commodious manner, by Kirfg Charles the Second, and coft ioooo i the Building. The Poft-Houfe-General is a noble Strufture, built by Sir Robert Finer in Umbard-jlren, and purchafed by the The Admiralty-Office is a large new-built Houfe. over- igiinftff'Wre-ffc//. The Navy-Office, Excife-Office, Pay-Office, Viftiialling- Umce, ire. are of lelfer note, than can be particulariz’d in this Breviary. guild- S 8 § ffii )t picfm &tatc Part Hr. GUILD-HALL. I S the Great Court of Judicature for the City of LrnJn- a (lately Building, richly adorned with Tapcftry, Pi. {hires, &c. Here are kept the Mayor’s Courts the hheriffi Court; and here the ludgos fit upon />'//< prim, &c. Us- longing hereto is a fine Chappel for the Ufe of the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, unlcls upon Sundays and great Solemnities, -when they go in their formalities, with the Livery-Men of all the Companies,to St. Pauls Church. The Preacher before the Lord Mayor is appointed for every Sunday by the Idifhop of Lcndsn, for which the Preacher hath 45 1. immediately paid him out of a certain Legacy left for that ufe ; by which likewife the Lord Mayor, or one of his chief Officers, hath a competent Allowance, to provide Lodging and Diet for the find Preacher for cer- rain days, fuppoiing him to be a Stranger in ZWw, and lately come from Oxfced or Cambridge , iimead of which, of late Years, the Lord Mayor doth only invite the faid Preacher to dine with him after Sermon, raking him in the Coach along with him. In this great Hall, the King, the Royal family, and their Retinue, are enter¬ tain’d, when the King appears in the City on a Lord May. ot’s Day. Tubikk SCHOOLS and COLLEGES T un firft is tttfffinmffrr Jscljcol.] There are two Schoolmaflers of that renowned School and College, belonging to the Abbey of U'cJlmmjUr. The Head Mallet h the learned and induftrious Tht. Knipr , D. D. the Second Mailer Rtirrt Friend, A. M. Ten Officers arc belonging to the : College, and Forty Scholars, commonly ailed King’s Scholars, who being chofen out of the School, and put into the College,, are there maintained; and » they are fitted for the Univerfiy, are eJefted yearly away, and placed with confiderable Allowances in Chrijl-Chma Oxford, and Trimtj'Cellcdgt Cambridge. To (he Church of Part III. of ENG LAND. 37 y Xptinjlo' belongs likewife a fait publick Library free lor ■;\ Strangers in Term-time. Si. PAUL’S SCHOOL. B Elides, there are in LfWmdivers endowed Schools, which in France would be fliled Colleges ; as it, P.nd\ Mmol, founded ryi:, by John Collet, Dr of Divinity, and Dean of St.Ws, for 153 Children to be taught there Gr.rir; for which purpofe he appointed a Mailer, a Sub* culler, or Uflicr, and a Chaplain, with large Stipends for ever ; committing the Overlighc thereof to tlie Millers, Wardens, and AITxflants of the Mcrceri in Ur,am ; for his Father llenr; Collet, fometime Lord Mayor of LmJon, was of the Mercers Company. This famous School, fituated m Pain's Church-yard, was burnt down 1666; and is nou¬ n-edified in a far more magnificent, commodious, and beautiful manner. The worthy Mailer thereof is Mr. PoJ- UERCHANT-TAYLORS SCHOOL. N Ext is that eminent School near Cimon-Strcet, built by Sir The. White, Alderman, and Merchant-Taj/hr of loin, the noble Founder of St. John B/rprl/l-ColIege in Ox. n. Here are 300 Scholars taught; too grant• too at :;.6d. a Quarter ; and too at ;r. a Quarter. To this School belongs Fellowlhips in the faid College it Own ; to which, Scholars are from lienee yearly defied, a Places become vacant. This School was likewife burnt down in the great Conflagration ; but was foon magni- Scently 're-edified by the Worlhipful Company of Airr- tiw-Tayk'n, who were faithful Guardians and Trullees for it. One Side of it Hands upon great Stone Pillars, in a large Court, paved with Free-Stone. It hath a very file Library belonging to it, and a large Houfe for the Mailer, with Apartments for each of the three Ulhers. That noble Grammarian, and famed MeteorologiH Dr. 1th Goa d, prefided here many Years; whofe place is now wor- ;8o ffi&c parent &tate Part III, worthily fupplied by the Learned and Prudent Hwj Skirting D- D. At Mercen-Chappel in Cheapfide is an excellent School, be. longing to the moll Beneficent and Wotlhipful Company of Mercen. Belonging to Cbrifi's-Ilojpital, is another famous Gum. mar Fiee-School. And near St. Martins Church, in the Liberties of Wf minfier, is a very good Free-School, and excellent publick Library : Both of them in the late times of Popery, fot the Security and the'Honour of the Protellant Religion Founded by the mod Reverend Dr. Tenifon, now Lord Arch- bilhop of Canterbury. That at Ratcliff was founded by Nicbolat Gibjm, Grocer of London, who built there an Alms-Houfe for 14 poor aged Of theCOLLEGES in LONDON. T H E Famous City of London may not unfitly be liiltl an Vnivtrfity: For therein are taught all Liberal Arts and Sciences; not only Divinity, Civil-Lam, and Plyjiti, which in other Univerlities are ufual, are read here) bet alfo the Municipal or Common-Law of the Nation is here taught, and Degrees taken therein ; which can be faid ia no other Nation : Moreover, all forts of Languages, Go- graph, Hidrography, the Art of Navigation, the Arts of Fortification, Anatomy, Gbirurgerp, Chymifiry, Cattgrofij, Brachigraphy, or Short-hand, the Arts of Riding, Fining, Dancing ; Art military, Fire-worh, Limning, Painting, l namilling, Sculpture,. Architdhrt, Heraldry ; all forts ofAfr- fck_, Arithmctiek, Geometry, Afironomp, Grammar, Rhelerii, Poetry ; and any other thing that may any way contribute to the Accomplilhment of an ingenious Nobleman or Gentleman. S/Oli- PartHI. ofENGLAND. 381 SION-COLLEGE. F Oumled by Timas White Dr. in Divinity, for the Ufe of the Clergy of Linden', and of the Liberties there* cf; and a part thereof to be for 30 poor People j to perform all \vhich, he gave 3000 /. and for the mainte¬ nance of thole Poor, he fetled 1 :o /. a Year for ever; and ill. a Year for a S.rnion in Latin, at the beginning of every Quarter; and a plentiful Dinner for all the Clergy that Ihall then meet there. I11 this College is a fair fpacious Library, free for ail Scholars to lit and ftudy in th; Day¬ time ; built by r jihn Sjtnpfen, Reftor cf St.. Olavis H.v.t- j:mt; and one of the faid Dr. l'/hitee Executors: And by die Bounty of divers Benefattors, this Library hath been well-furnilhed with Books, chiefly fuch as are ufeful for Divines. This College felt the Rage of the late Lire, but is now repaired again. G RESHAM-COLLEGE. W ithin the Walls of Louden is alfo feated a College built by the aforementioned worthy Perl'on Sir TenGrijham, and Endowed in manner following: After he bad built the Royal Exchange, he gave of the Revenue thereof the one moiety to the Mayor and Commonalty of Utahn, and their SuccelTors; and the other moiery to the Company of Mercers in.Trull; that the Mayor and Al¬ dermen ihonld find in all time to come, Four able Perfons to read within this College, Divinity, Geometry, Ajlrmtmy, and Muftck : And to allow to each of them, betides their fair Lodging, 50/ a year; and that the Company cf Mercers fhoulJ find three more able Men to read Civil-Lavs, PhjJick, and Rlntoeick ; and to allow to each one of them, belirles fair Lodgings, 50 / a year: And that thefe fevcral Lefturers Ihould read in Term-time, every Day in the Week (except Sadiys) Morning in Latin, and Afternoon the fame in Eng~ I ') 1 >; The dfejM-Leflure to be read cniy in Englijh, The £lie pjcfciu &tate Part ill. Tile Profcfturs or Fellows of this College, have ever Un, and dill are, Porlbns of the choice ft Parts. Divers other worthy Works were done by rh't moj Noble Citizen Sir Tho. Grcjham, as can reftify his Almf- Moufes in Brord-fireet ; the conliderable Sums of Mon:; dillribured <]ifrrrerly lor ever to 5 Prilbns and + Hulpinl,, Li and about this City. Ill this College meet the Fcllovs of the Royal Sa-.e'.y, fa much faAied throughout the World : concerning winch the Reader nuy take this brief Account, extracted in par; out of that excellent Hiftory of the Royal Society , written by Dr. 1ho. Sprat, now Billiop of Roehcfter, and Dean ot tt'cftr,infer. firttjfounoation of tljc &ocicf)’.] The lirft AM? which laid the Foundation of tliis Royal Society, wu (Tome Tears before the happy Keftauration of out Dial Sovereign CLir/rfthe Second) at Wadham-College in Or/irl, in the Lodging of Dt Wilkins, late Lord Ihlliop ofC,;:jlir; where did then ufuallymeet Dr. Serb Ward, late Lord Ik- ihop of Salisbury; the Honourable Robert Beyle, Sir Wtills* Petty, Nit. Matthew Wren, Dr. Wallis, Dr. Goddard, Dr.lW Us, Dr. Pdthttrfl, now Dean of Wells j Sir Ckrijhpr.a Wren, now his Majefty’s Surveyor-General ; Mr. ibil, and fome others; ■ ail Men V excellent Learning and Afterwards about the Year 1(158. many of them living in London, had a meeting at Grcjham College, and this meet¬ ing was augmented by the Acceflion of the Lord Vifcount Brotenkcr, Lord Bra tton, Sir Robert Moray, Sir Paul Neil, jf*Sa E'Jelist, Lfq; Tlso.Henjhau>,ECq; Henry Slingsby,E(q-, Dr. Tim.-iy Clark, Sir George Ent, William Ball, Efij; Abraham Hill, Elq; Dt. William Croon, and divers other Eminent Perfons, till that wonderful paciliclt Year tfifio. Then the Delignbeing favoured by fome ingenious worthy Perfons, who, to their immortal Honour, had followed the King in 'tit Exile; at length his Majefty took notice thereof, and ms graciopfly pleafed £b‘ far to favour and encourage it, as to grant a large Charter, bearing date the a id of April, i66y whereby they were made a Corporation, to conlift of 1 Preftdent, of a Council, and of Fellows, for promoting the Knowledge of Natural Tliingt, and Ufeful Artt by Experi¬ ments : Wherein his Majefty declares himfelf to be boun¬ der and Patton, Sovereign and Companion of this Society; Giant- PartHI. of ENGLAND. ; S; Granting them Power to purchafe Lands end Houfes, to have2 common Seal, a Coat of Arms, two Secretaries', two ft more Curators of Lxperimenrs, one or more Clerks,’ and two Sergeants at Mace: To make Laws, Statutes, Orders, mil Coiiltitutions among themielves To have one or more Printers and Gravers; with a Power ro prjnt whar they fliall fee good ; to take and anatomize dead Bodies of Perfons, who have been put to death by order of Law ; to tieft Colleges. ©Ificeoftljr Id;efihcnt.] The Office of the Prefident is recall and diUblvc the Meetings, to propofe the Matter tihiteon to contider; to put Queftions, to call for Experi¬ ments, to admit the Membersthat from time to time Hall The Trealiirev receives and dislibrfes all Moneys. &£CtttariE0,] The Secretaries read all Letters and In¬ formations; reply to all Addteffies and Letters from Foreign Parts, or Front orhers; take notice of the Or¬ ders, and material Paffiages at the Meetings; regider all Espenments, all certain Informations, all Conclufions, puMflt whatfoever is ordered and allowed by the Society. CuntfOJjS,] The Curators ot Experimenters are to receive the DireStions of the Society, and at another Meeting, bring ill to the Ted ; and the Society judges thereof; whereby rk World may have the concurring Teftimony of many Perfons of undoubted Credit, for the Truth of whatever they (hall publifli. Sty manner of Getting jfelloto#.] Their w 0 f Pr% Fellows, is according to the Vautian way, by Ballot- ting At one Affiembly the Candidate is propofed by fome that know him well ; the next he may be put to the Scru¬ tiny, for which the Candidate mull have the major number air 1 Snffij 8« at r ^ e ^ > anc * then at that or the next Affiembly, he may be introduced and lolemnly admitted by the Frelidcnt. At his Admiffion he fubferibes this rtomile following, That he will endeavour to promote theGood It the Royal Society of London, for the Improvement oj hmralKnoMge. After this, he may at any time free rnmlelf from this Obligation, only by fignifying under his Society C " rerident ’ tlw ,le delifes to withdraw from the learl? 384 Eljc pjrtfiit @>tate Part III, gearlpCtjargea ano aiPniittancr.] When any or¬ is admitted, he pays to the Treafurer only 40 1. and then 13 1. a Quartet fo long as he continues a Member of th; Society. Their Meeting was before tho dreadful Fire, at GrrjW Collide ip London, every IKdntfday at Three of the Clock, in the Afternoon ; and lince was, by the Favour of the Lord Henry Honard, late Duke of Norfolk, and Lari M«. fhal of England, at Arundcl-Houfc, the fame Day and Hoot; but it is now again at Grtjbam-Colltgt, every WJntfday about the fame Hour. SOjeir ©eCgtl.] The Dcftgn of the Royal Society is, in brief, to mike faithful Records of all the Works of Ni. tureor of Art, which can come within their Reach: So that the prefent Age and Poderity miy be able to put a Mark on the Errors which have been ftrengthened by long Prefcription, to rellore the Truth that have been neg- lefted, to pufh on thofe which are already known to more various Ufes, to make the way more payable to what re¬ mains unrevealed, dv. QBectllp fleeting#.] TheBufmefs of their Wally Mat¬ ing r, is to order, to take Account, conlider and difeourfeof Philosophical Experiments and Obfervations; to read, hear, anddifeourfe upon Lettersfrom all Parts, Reports, and o- ther Papers containing Philofophical Matters; to view and dil'coutfe upon the Productions and Rarities of Nat art and Art, to confider what to deduce from them, how they may be improv’d for the Benefit of Mankind, which is their main Aim. Tn their difcourfing, they lay afide all Set-Speeches, and Eloquent Harangues; and every one endeavours to exprefi hisOpinion, or delire in the plained and mod concifc manner. dDbjfitionagainff tt)ijer ^ocietp smftorccB.] Bottle greated Queltion among l'ome Men at prefent, is, What hitii this Royal Society done all this while ? which, fa the Satisfaction of thofe Men, (hall here receive fuel an A.ifwer, as the intended Brevity of this Book will allow. iatc Part III, ihtt, That the Civil-Law Term begin and end not much Afferent from the Terms at ll’ijlmihjhr , and in every Tim there are fcveral Court-Lay', in every of tlieie Courts, which for the mold part are fiatanu known by preceding Holy, days, or Saints days, and thereft are appointed m arUtritn The ARCHES Court ef Canterbury. T HE chief Court of the Archbilhop is that of the A- this , whereof fee more, Page ty-j. The Judgeof this Court is Riled Dean of the Arth-.t. He fitttth alone, without any AlTelTors, and heareth and determincth allCaules, without any Jury of ra Men, a'is necelTary in Common-Law Courts. To this Court belongeth an Actuary, a Rtgifier, and i Beadle. The Office of the Alhiary is to attend the Court, fetdown the Judges. Decrees, regiller the Aits of the Court, and fend them in Books to the Itegiflry. The lligijltr of the Court, whole Office is by himfelf, ci Deputy, to attendthe Court, receive all Libels, or Bills, Al¬ legations, and Exhibits of VVirncHes: tile all Sentences, and keep the Rocords of the Court. The Beadle attends the Court, carrieth a Mace before tie Judge, and calls the Perfons cited to appear. Tliofe that are allowed to be Advocates, and plead in this Court, are ail to be Doftors of the Civil-Law, in one t)f the Univcrfities of England ; who, upon their Petition to the Archbifhop of Canterbury and his Fiat obtained, ut admitted by the Judge of this Court, upon condition not to praftife for one whole Year after iucli admittance. Butrather the Method is this: The Perfon to be admitted having obtained the Archbilhop’s Fiat, is examined bj the Judge of the Arches, and admitted to plead, which he is to do very pertly for form fake, whereupon to correS his Forwardnets, the Judge fays to him, Injungo tiiifilaim ftrum-u: antum. The maimer of their Admittance is thus: The two If nior Advocates, in their fcarlet Robes, with the Mace be fore them, conduft him up to the Court, with three lo» Re- Part III., of ENGLAND. m Rtverencls, and piefent him with a lhort Latin Speech,and the Refcript of the Aichhifhop, then the Oaths of Allegi¬ ance, Supremacy, and fome other preferibed in the Sta¬ tute of the Archt , being taken, he is admitted by the Judges, tnd a Place and Seat in the Court affigned unto him, ei¬ ther d to.'w, or SimJIrii, which he is always to keep when The Judge and all the Advocates in this Court always Wilt their Scarlet Robes, with Hoods lined with Tafiatv, if they be of Oxford, or white Minever Furr, if of C.,m- iruff, and all round black Velvet Caps; and the Proflors ..rear, or ought to wear, Hoods lined with Lamb-skin, if not Gradual, but if Graduats, Hoods proper to the Degree. According to the Statutes of this Court, all Arguments made by Advocates, and all Petitions made by the Proftors, tre to be in the Lalin Tongue. All Proccfs of this Court runs in the Name of the Judge, thus, Gctrgiui Oxotden, L. L. Dr. Altai Curie Cant, di Arcu- l’j lend. Official!! Priacifalts, and retornable before him, heretofore in Btw-Ckurcb, now in the Common-Hall at Dtdiri Comtnm. The Places and Offices belonging to this Court, are all in the Gift of the Archbifhop of Canterbury, whofe Courc Here note, That the next Morning after the fitting of this Court, the Judge of the Court of Audience, did ufual- !y fit; but lince the Rebellion, that Court hath been dif- continued. The Prerogative Court of Canterbury. VTExt is another Court belonging to the Archbilhop of IN Canterbury, called the Prerogative Court. See Page 1 48. The Judge of this Court’s Title is, Curii Prerogative Cm:. Mtgijler, Cujhr, five Cmmijfaritu . All Citations and Decrees run in the Name of the Arch- Mhop. This Court is kept in the fame Common-Hall in the Af- tfrnoon, next day after the Arches, and was heretofore held in the Conliftory of St. Paul's. C c 4 The J 92 ffibf patent State Part 111 . The Judge is attended by the Regifler, and h!s Deputy, who feta down the Decrees, and Adts of the Court, ml keeps the Records: All original Wills and Teftaments oS Parties dying, having Bona Notabilia, &c. Tire place is com. roonly called the Prerogative Office, now kept in the D;n\ Court near St. Paul’s Church-yard ; where, for a modem: Fee, one may fearchfor, and have a Copy of any fucli Tt- ftamenr, made fince the Rebellion of W-jr Tiier and in Straw, hy whom many Records and Writings in levenl places of London were then burnt and dellroy’d. Under the Regifler are Six Clerks, feverally appointed for full and fuch refpeftive Counties. ) The Places belonging to this Court, arc in the Gift of the Archbifliop of Canterbury. INNS of Court. T H E Colleges of Municipal or Common-Law ProfelTott and Students, are 14. called Hill Inns, the old Englifc Word for Houfes of Noblemen, or Hilltops, or Men of «• traordinary Note, and which is of the lame lignilicatioa with the French Word Hojhl at Paris. There are Two Inns of Serjeants. Four Inns of Court. Eight Inns of 'Chanary. 31mw Of Court] The Inns of Court were fo named, as fome think, becaule the Students therein ate to fetve the Courts of Judicature; or elfe, becaufe antiently thefe Col¬ leges received only the Sons of Noblemen, and better fotts of Gentlemen, as lortefeue affirmeth. Of thefe there are Four, Ftrft. .SEfjeSDUO Stemrlf#.] Heretofore the Dwelling of the Rnights-Temflers, and purchafed by fome Profellors of the Common-Law above 300 Years agoe ; they are called the Inner and Middle-Temple, in relation to Ejjex-Houfe, which was part of the Knight s-Ttmplers, and called the Outer-Tcmplt, becaufe it is feated without Temple-Bar. Part III- of ENGLAND. J9J Lincoln’fcHun, Sjap'^lnn.] The two otVrlnns of Court, are I.h:c:Us-I’m, belonging anciently to the Earls of Lilt:!) i, and Gray s-Inn, formerly belonging to the noble Ea¬ sily of the Gn,>'s. In the Reign of Henry VI. they fo flourilhed, that there were in each of thefe about 200 Students, and a Student then expended yearly about 20 /. which was as much as now ; for they had ufuilly (as the French Nobles have now in their Academies,) every one an old difereet Servant, and divers Millers for to inflruft them in all laudable Qua- lities; and therefore faith the fame Ftrufau, Ultra StuAium Ltpn June cjuiijt Gymnajia Omnium morum ; and the Students wets only, faith he. Milium Slii, that is, Gentlemen at leafl:; fcrfo the Word Milii was then taken here, and is dill in fe; and therefore by command of King Jams the Fir ft, none were to be admitted into thefe Colleges, but Gentle- men by Defcent. Our Ancelfors thought thofe of inferi- QUt Rank would rather debafe the Honour of the Law, and would be prone to Chicane, or Play tricks, and not like to be fo fit for Trulls and Honours ; whereas the conlideration of Birth and fortune, makes Men more careful of their Honour and Reputation. And our famous King Richard the Firtl, is by a grave Author much commended for his ctre and love of the Englifli Nation, and of Juftice ; for that many of his Juflices were of the Honourable Peers of the Realm, and not of Men bred up, and formerly innured to make Juftice and their own Tongues vendible for Fees. If the Command of King James the Firft had been care¬ fully obferved, and ohe more added, viz. That none but Gentlemen fhould eafily and ordinarily be admitted to Ec- tleliaftical Dignitieyhere would be in England fufneient Pro- ritions for the younger Sons of Noblemen and Gentlemen; whereof now very many are the Objefts of Pity, either for fuffering, or doing much Evil, for want of fit Employments; and there would be, doubtlefs, lefs Corruption in our Ecde- liiftical and Civil Government, the ferious Confederation whereof would be a Work worthy of our Parliament. Thefe Societies are no Corporations, nor have any Judici¬ al Power over their Members, but have certain Orders a- “tong themfelves, which have, by confent, the force of haws; for Lighter Offences they are only Excommoned, or put out of Commons, not to eat with the reft ; and for gteater Offences they lofe their Chambers, and are expell’d the 394 . SElje ^efent State Partin, the College, and being once expell’d, they are never re . ceiv’J by any of the three other Societies; which Dspriva. tion of Honour to young generous Spirits, is mote grievous, than perhaps Deprivation of Life. Thefe alfo, when they meet at Chappel, or Hall, or at Courts of Jufice, wear a grave black Robe and Cap, at o- ther times walk with Cloak and Sword. There are no Lands or Revenues belonging to thefe So- cieties, which being no Corporations, are not enabled to purchafe, or have they any thing for the defraying the Charges cf the Houfc, but what is paid at Admittances, and Quit-Renrs for their Chambers. The whole Company cf Gentlemen in each Society, may be divided into four Pam, Benckrt, U'ter-Barrift/rs, Inner-Barrijhn, and Students. ! 0 £tlCl)fn>.] Bmchtts are the Seniors, to whom is com. mitted the Government and Ordering of the whole Houle; and out of thefe is chofen yearly a Trcafurer, who receiv- tt.h, disburfeth, and accounteth for all Moneys belonging to the Houfc. Ofterejparrittcre.] Vtter-Barriflcn are fuch, as from their Learning and Standing are called by the Benchers to plead and argue in tile Society doubtful Cafes and Quefti- oris, which are called Mo »tr (from Muting, the old Sum Word for the Evghjb, rfjfemlle, oi elfe from the Fumh, Mr., i Word) and whilft they argue the faid Cafes, they lit in- termoft, on the Forms of the Benchers, which they call the Bar. JStaoiw of tlje 31 tms of ©jaucerp.] Out of thefe Moot-Men arc chofen Readers for the Inns of Chancery, belong¬ ing to the lam of Court, whereof they are Members; where, in Term-time, and Grand Vacations, they argue Cafes in the Pre’fence of Attotneys and Clerks. 3|nncr-33arrillerjff.] All the reft are accounted tar- BarriJIcrs, who, for want of Learning, or Time, are not to argue in. thefe Moots : and yet in a Moot before the Btnchm, two of thefe Iuner-Barrijlert, fitting on the fame Form with the Utter-Burri,l rt, do, for theit Exercifes, recite by Heart, the pleading of the laid Moot-Cafe, in Livs-Frcnch ; which Pleading is the Declaration at large, of the faid Moo: -Cali; the one taking the part of the Plantifti and the other of the Defendant. Part III. of E N G L A N D. 39 , Tlie Year alfo amongd them is divided into three Parts ; the I /.mnu* Ku.i.'/wi, die and the Dai, ot Mean C>'trtifrjS-] They have two Learning-Vacations, v.'z. Isi-Ui.i:nn, winch begins the lirft Mintiay in L ;;/,andcon- linuL-h three Weeks and three Days ; and Summer-Vacation, which begins MtttJay after Lmnmat-aay, and continueth alfo three Weeks and tliree Days: In thefe Vacations are the stated Conferences and Exercifes of Study, in manner fol¬ lowing- The Bntckrr appoint the elded Utter-Barrijin to read a- mom! tl'.em openly in the Hall, whereof he hath ndtice half year before ; lie then, the lirfi day, about eight of the Clock, nukes choice of fome Aft or Statute, whereupon he grounds Lis whole Reading for that Vacation, and declares luch Mil- chiefs and Inconveniences as were unprovided before the lime Aft, and are provided by the faid Aft : and then re- cited) cariin Doubts and Queltions, which lie hath devifed, tiurm.iy grow upon the laid Statute, and declareth his Judg¬ ment therein : Afrer which, one of the younger Utter-Barri- ftrj repeateth one Quellion propounded by the Reader, and doth by way of Argument labour, to prove the Reader’s Opinion to be againft Law ; and after him the Senior Ut- iff-Bamji-rt and Readers, one after another, according to Seniority, do declare their Opinions, and Judgments in the fame ; and then the Reader who did put the Cafe, endea¬ voured! to confute Objeftions laid againft him, and to con¬ firm his own Opinion ; after which the Judges and Serje¬ ants, if any be prelent, declare their Opinions : Then the youngeft U:ttr-Biirrijler again rehearfeth another Cafe, which is Profccuted as the former was, and this Exercife continueth daily three or four hours. Out of chofe who have read once in the Summer Vacati¬ on, and ate Beiichers, is chofen always one to read in Lent, who obferves the like manner of Reading as before is ex- ptelfed. Out of thefe Readers ufually the Serjeants ate chofen. ;96 SClje Jpjcfttu J&tate Part III, !The Manner of {footing in the Inns of Com » dus. I N thefe Vacations, after Supper in the Ilall, or after Drink ing on Fading Nights, the Reader, with one or two of the Benchers, comes in ; to whom one of the Uiccr-Burri- tiers propounds fome doubtful Cafe ; which being argued by the Benchers, and ladly by him that moved the Cafe ; the Benchers lit down on the Bench at the upper-end of the Hall, whence they are called Benchers ; and upon a Form in the middle of the Hail, lit two Uttcr-Bnnifers, and on both fides of them, on the fame Form, litteth one Imir-Bmihr, who doth in Livc-Frcnch declare to the Benchers (as the Serje¬ ants do at the Bar in the King’s Court to the Judges; fome kind of Aftion j the one being, as it were, retained for the Plaintiff, and the other for the Defendant ; which ended, the two Vcccr.B.srrijlers. argue fuch Quedions as be difpuu- ble within the Cafe; after which the Benchers’do liketvife declare their Opinions, how they take the Law to be m thofe Quedions. In thefeAMip the Junior always argueth liid, asisufed among the Judges in the Exchequer-Chamber, and among the Serjeants in open Courts of Judicature, the Inner and Vsur.Barrijtcrs plead here in Law-frajt/j, and the Bttukn in t-n^hjh ; and at the Readings, the Readers Cafes are put in Enghjh. The Manner of keeping a Chriftmas in any of lit Inns if Court , thus. T H E Student; hold a Parliament before Chrijlmos ; and in cafe there he in London no Pedilence, and that tbs Houfe is furnilhed with fucli number of Students, and of luch Quality, as are meet to keep a folemn Chri/hnas: Then are chofen and appointed certain of the Students to be Of¬ ficers, in imitation of the King’s Court, as Comptroller of th Part III. ol ENG LAND. Ismr-Tmflt, fo of the MMU-7\m(U, tilled Lieutenant if the Tair, and Trcajunr, &c. Tlicfe bear Rule in the Houfe, during the whole time of CbriJImm, and are to behave them- I'ilvcs in that Port, Gravity, and Authority, as if they were ft in the Kino’s Iloufe ; that fo hereafter they may know the better to behave themfelves, in cafe they lhould be pro¬ moted to that Honour; for rhefe Gentlemen are ulually of foch Quality, as come not hither with intent to profefs the Law, hut to learn fo much Law, as may be necelfary to [icfrve their Edates, and to make themfelves accompiifhed in other Qualities neceflary for Gentlemen. At fuch times they have here divers Divertifements, as Feading every Day, Singing, Dancing, Mufick, Dicing ; which lad is allowed there to all Comers, and is fo excef- live, that what the Dicers allow out of each Winning to the Butler’s Box, ufually amounts to about 50/. a day and a night ; wherewith, with fmall Contribution from each Student, are the great Charges of the whole Chriflmas de¬ flated. Tmir P’inCT.] Sometimes, when their publick Treafury is great, they create a Prince among themfelves, with fuch Title as they pleafe to give him, and he hath all his Officers, anil a Court luitable to a great Prince; and many of the [rime Nobility, and great Officers of State, are feailed and entertained by him, with Interludes, &c- Their KfteljS.] From M- Saints day to Cmdlcmtr, each Houfe hath ufually Revels on Holy-days; that is, Muliclt and Dancing; and for this is cholen 1‘orne young Student tobeMader of the Revels. That the manner of their Parliament is briefly Their Every Quarter commonly the Bin- r!m caufe one of the danding Officers of the Houfe to fnmmon a Parliament, which is only an Adembly and Con¬ ference of Batchm, and Ueter-Barrifcrt, which are called the Sage Company, and meet in a place called the Parlia¬ ment-Chamber, and there treat of fuch Matters as fhall feeni expedient for the good ordering of the Houfe, and the Re¬ formation of fuch things as they ffiall judge meet to be re¬ formed *, here are the Readers for Lent and Summer Vacati¬ on, alio the Treafurer is here chofen, and the Auditors ap¬ pointed to take the Accompts of the old Treafurer, (Jv. Here Offences commited by any of the Society, are pu- niliicd, ire, Thefe $?S 2tljc pufcnt gdatc Part 111, Thefe Inn? of Court arc wifely fituated by otir Ance. dors, between the King’s Courts of Judicature, and tilt mod opulent City of London. In the Four Inns of Court are reckoned about Eight hun. tired Students. INNS of CHANCERY. T HE Inn I o f Chancery were probably fo named, beau 1 : thrre dwelt fucla Clerks as did childly ftudy the form¬ ing ol Writs, which regularly appertained to the Cutlitori, that are Officers of Chancery. The firff of thefe is call'd Tha-jis-lnn , begun in the Reign of Edvard III. and liuce pur- chafed by Lincoln rlnn, New-hn, Clmnt's.Ir.n, Chford't-Ia, anciently the Houfe of the Lord Clifford ; Staple-Inn, belong¬ ing to the Merchants of the Staple ; and Lion,--Inn, ancient¬ ly a common Inn, with the Sign of the Lion, I'urniv.il's-lm, and Bernard'i-Inn. Thefe were heretofore preparatory Colledges for younger Students, and many were entred here, before they were ail- mitted into the Inn: of Court. Now they ate for the mod parr taken up by the A-.cmuy, Soiiicitorr, and Clerkt, who hare here their Chambers apart, and their Diet at a very ealie rate, in a Hall together, where they are obliged to appear in grave long Robes, and bh:t round knit Caps. Thefe Colleges belong all to fome far of Court, who fend yearly fome of their liarridcts to read to thefe. In each of thefe hut of Chancery , one with another, may be about fixty Perlons. Sb0ttlt£8 in the INNS of CHANCE R V. I N the Learning Vacation, each Utter-Bat rijtcr, who is a Reader in the lnm tf Chancery, goes with two Students of the fame Inn of Court, to the Inn of Chancery, when he is appointed to read, an^ there meet him-commonly two of each Inns of Court; who fitting as the Benchers do in rhe Inns of Cowc at their hlooti, they hear and argue his PartHI. of ENGLAND. 359 In the four Inns of Chancery that are fituated in Hdbern, lleAtav are read, either by thofe of G rayi-hm, or Lincehii. j,j the others by thole of the two Temples. In Term-time, the only Exercifes of Learning, is arguing !n d debating Cafes after Dinner, and Mociing after Supper, j n the fame manner as in the Vacation time, the time between the Learning Vacations and Terms, is [tiled the Mean Vacation ; during which time every day jftet Dinner, Cafes are argued, as at other times, and after Su-.per Mims are brought in, and pleaded by the Inner-Barri- in the prefence of the Vtter-Earrifitrt, which fit there ja the room of the Benchers, and argued by them, as the hitchers do in Term-time, and Learning Vacation. ^rrjcant0-3lnn.j Lafily, there are two more Colleges railed Serjtanti-Im, where the Common-Law-Studenr, when he is arrived to the highefl Degree, hath his Lodging and Diet; they are called Servientes ai Legem, Serjeants at Law, md are as Dodtors in the Civil Law, only thel'e have hereto¬ fore been reputed more Noble and Honourable : Defloris irha atfeil.uio efl Magijierii, Scrvientis vert Miniferii , and therefore Doctors of Law are allowed to fit within the Bat iaChair', and covered, whiiff Serjeants Hand without the Bar. bare-headed, only with Coifs, or Caps on. To arrive ro this high Degree, take this brief Account. ©Igrrcfl bp Ulljicl) tljrp rife.] The young Student in the Common-Law, being bred two or three years in the Univcrlity, and there chiefly verfed in Ugick and Rhetorich, both expedient for a Lawyer, and gotten fomc infight into the Civil-Law, -and Ibmc skill in the French Tongue, as well as Latin, he is admitted to be one of the four Inns if tor.*, where he is firft called a Mint-man, and after about feten years Study, is chofen an Vtter-Barrif.cr ; and having then Ipent twelve years more, and perfcrmedjhe Exeicifes brfore-mentioned, he is chofen a Bencher, andlome time af- ter a Reader : During the Reading, which heretofore was j three Weeks and three Days, as afore-mentioned, the Rea- iier keeps a conlhnt and fumptuous Eeafling, inviting the Chief Nobles, Judges, Bilhops, great OfficArs of the King¬ dom, and fomecimes the King himfelf, that it cofts them fumetimes Soo, or toco/. Afterwards he wears a long Kobe different from other Barrifters, and is then in a capa¬ city to be made a Serjeant at Law, when his Majefty Dial! be pleas’d to call him, which is in this manner. $crjfarit.s 400 SE(jt Relent £>tate Partlll. $erjeant£ at !lato.] When tilt number of Serjeants is Email, the Lord Chief Jullice of the G mmm-PI,at, by the Advice and Confcnt of other the Judges, makes choice of fix or eight, more or left, of the moft grave and learned of the hms ef Cmrt, and prefents their Names to the Lord Chancellor, or Lord K^pcr, who fends by the King’s Writ, to each of them, to appear on fuclr a day before the King, to receive the State and Degree of a Serjeant at La.v ; at the appointed time, they being habited in Robes of two Co¬ lours, viz. Brown and Blue, come, accompanied with the Students of the Inns of Court, and attended by a Train of Servants and Retainers, in certain peculiar Cloth Livcriesto U'cjlminjlcr-Hall, there in publick take a folemn Oath, and are clothed with-cettain Robes and Coifs, without which they may be Pen no more in publick. After this, they feaff the Great Perfons of the Nation, in a very Magnificent and Princely manner; give Gold Rings to die Princes of the Blood, Arch-Bifhops, Chancellor, Treafurer, to the va¬ lue of 40 1. each Ring ; to Earls and Bilhops, Rings of ao 1. to other great Officers, to Barons, great Prelates, &i. Rings of lefs value. Belide a great number of Rings to private Friends. Out of thefe are chofen all the Judges of the King's Bench and Common-Pleas; wherefore every Judge doth al¬ ways wear the white Linnen Coif, which he had as a prin¬ cipal Badge of a Serjeant, and which he had ever the privi- ledge to wear at all times, even in the King’s prefence, and whilft he fpake to the King; rho’ anciently it was not per¬ mitted to any Subjeft to be fo much as Capp’d in the l're* fence of the King of England, as at prefent is not allowed in the Piefence of the Pope, or of the Emperor. 3. BlllBSC'nupf.] When any of die afora-mentiontd Judges are wanting, the King, by the Advice of his Coun. til, makes choice of one of thefe Serjeants at Law to fupply his place, and conftitutes him by Letters-Patciit, Sealed by the Chancellor, who fitting in the middle of the reft of the Judges in open Court, by a Set-Speech declares to the Ser¬ jeant, (that upon this Occafion is brought in) the King’s Pieafure; and to the People the King’s Goodnefs, in provid¬ ing die. Bench with fuel! able honeft Men, as that Jullice may he done expeditely, and impartially to all hisSubjeds; and caufes the laid Letters-Patent to be read , and being de* Parti//- of ENGLAND. 40 piled, the Chief Juft-ice places the faii Serjeant onthi lientli, Junior of all the reft ; and hiving taken his Oath util ami truly to fervc the King, and all his People in the Office of Juft ice, to take no Reward, to do equahnd fpee- cy Jullice to all) cJ'f. he fets himfelf to the Execution ol The Serjeant being thus advanced to be a Judge, hath thereby great Honour, and a Very confiderable Salary, be- lilies certain Pcrquilites; for each one hath at Icaft 1000 l. a fear from the King ; and now in fome things, his former Habit of a Serjeant is altered ; his long Robe and Cap, his Hood and Coif arc the fame ; but there is belides a Cloak put over him, and dofed on his Right Shoulder, and his C a- fHim is lined with Minever, or d; Mimto vario, divers toll pieces of white rich Furr. But the two Lord Chief Juftices, and the Lord Chief Baron, have their Hood, Sleeves and Collars turned up with Grmin. firr, That to the two Serjeants Inns belong the t a Judg¬ es and about a 6 Serjeants. JjfCf.] Anciently the Fee expelled by a Serjeant from hisClient, for Advice given in his Chamber, or pleading in any Court of Judicature, was no more than 20 r. and the Fee rr a Barrifter 1 o s. (which yet is much morefhan is ulually Ijiveii in any of out Neighbour Nations at this Day! but at pulent it is become almoft ordinary, to give fome Setjeants n L and fome ao /. and to a Barrifter half as much, at the Hearing of any confiderable Caufe ; whereby it conies to pils that fome Lawyers in one Year, gain in Fees 3000 U ml fome 4000/. and in few Yeats purchafe Eftatesfitfoi bids 1 and fometimes live to fee tliemfelves to be advanced lohe Peers of the Realm, as the late Lord Keepers, Ctventn, bird, iVsr.’/j, Jijfmu, and Smmirs, . Reputation Of OUC iUto-JdgOfeffflJB.] Now all thefe ore-mentioned Inns, or Colledges for the Students in out Common- Law, being not fat diftant from one another, do «e here the moft famous Profeflion of "the Law that is in me World ; and it will be a very difficult thing to find in O) one Foreign Univcrlity, fo many Students in the Law, Jit are of that ripe Age, and of that high Quality. w",That out of the Serjeants afore-mentioned,the King by •nt,ulually calls fome to be of his Council at taw, allows- each one HMagc, M»gt, nfturage, and Rrttatc Part HI. fit within the Bar in all Courts at IC.'Imui/Ly, except in the Court of Common-Pleas, where all If without the Bar. Of the College of Vbjficim in LONDON. A Mongft other excellcntjiiftirmions in the City of U-. dm, there is a College or Corporation of Pkfdn. who by Charters and Arts of Parliament of U:n. VIII lc ! (ince his Reign, have cerrain Privileges, whereby no Mis tho’ a Graduate in Phylick, of Qrjmd or Camirjty, mj wirhont Licence under the laid College-Seal, praftilePh;. fick in Louden, or within feven Miles of the City, (norii any other part of Enylimd, in cafe he hath not taken anyDs gree in Onfad or C.nidjridgc') whereby alii) rhey can adnti- niller an Oath, line and iinprifon anv Offenders in tru', and divers other particulars; can make By-Laws, purchaf: Lands. c>e. whereby they have Authority to learch all tit; Shops of Apothecaries, in, and about Ltudm, to fee il that Drug’s and Coinpolitions are wholelome and well mac:; whereby they are freed from all troublcfnme Offices; asr ferve upon juries, to be Conflable, to keep Watch ari Ward, to bear Arms, or provide A o \ Any Member of that Coliege may pradlife Surgery if k pleife, not only in Lmidm, but in anv parr t;l Enziau. This Society had anciently a College in Kuigbt-R-dz- Street, the Gift of Dr. Lin-art, Phjlician to Xing ihr-ii-. Vlllth- Since which, a Houfean 1 the Society of Phy/icimi, at the land of /te»-Street, when- on the famous Dr. Htrvty ifisa, did erefl, at his oar proper Charge, a magr.ilicenr Strufhire, both for a Libra; and a publick Hall, for the Meeting of the feveral Merabi of the Society, endowed the lame with his wholelnhe tance, which he religned up while he was yet 'iving and Health ; part of which he affigned for an AnniveifityOr. tion, to commemorate all their Bentfaftors, to exhorr other to follow their Examples, and to provide a plentiful Dint! for the worthy Company. Ann 1 666- This Goodly Edifice could not efcape theft ry u that Dreadful Fire; and that Ground bein’ bur 'Leale, the prefent Fellows of this College ptirchaled w llitir own Moneys, a Lit piece of Ground ia part III. of ENGL AND. 4=5 Ik, ivlicreon they have railed a very migsiificent Edi- The College lias lately built at tluir own Charge, a very Mle Library, for uie containing that excellent Library of Cooks, given then; partly by the late Marquils of Dtrchejlcr, nho was pleated to do the College the Honour to be ad¬ mitted fellow among them, and chiefly by that Eminent Piol'dfor, Sir Theodm'Majcrn, Kr. Of this College there is a Prefidcnt, four Cenfors, and twelve EleCtors, who are all principal Members of the So- ci:tv, and out of whom one is chofen every Vcar to pre- lilt- The Four Cenfors of the College, have by their Charters, Authority to furvey, correft, and govern all Phylicians, or ttheis, that (hall praftife Phyfick in Lew.*);, or within feven Miles of the fame, to fine, amerce, and imprifon any of than, as they flnl! fee caufe. The Number of Fellows was only 30 before the Reftau- ution of King Charles II. But that King cortfidering the In- treife of Union, fince the firft Incorporation of the Col¬ lege by King Henry VIII. thought fit to increafe the Num¬ ber of Fellows to Forty ; and upon the fame Account, King James II. taking into Conlideration the farther vaft In¬ clude of Buildings of late Years, was pleafed in the new Chmer, to appoint the Number of Fellows to be farther enlarged, fo as they fliall not exceed Fourfcore; referving tohimfelf the Power ef placing, or difplacing any Fellows lit the future. Before this new Charter none could he admitted Fellows cf the College, but only fuch who had taken their Dodors C;r< in one ot our Univerfities, Oxford or Cambridge ; But now all thole who have taken their Degree in Foreign Uni- wiities, are qualified to become Fellows. Bslides the worthy Petfons mentioned in the Lift; there ue divers l’hyficians that have good Practice in London , al- tho’ they never had any Licence, which is connived at by the College ; and fo is the too much pra&ice ot Empericks, Mountebanks, pretended Chymifts, Apothecaries, Chirur- geons, Midwives, &c. in which piece of Folly the Engiijh iotpifs all the Nations of Chriftendom? And yd by the Law of England, if one who is no Phy- liciin, nr Chirurgeon, or not exprefly allowed to prattife, Hull take upon him a Cure, and his Patient die under his D d a Hand, 404 Elje pKfcnt £>ttate Part'III, mous River of Tbmts, in a moil wholfom Air, upon a ti. fing gravelly Ground, about fixteen Foot higher than the River, from whence it is abundantly furni(hed with whole- fom Water, even to the top of the Fabrick, by a mod in- genious Machine, without the labour of Horfe or Man; lately invented by a Shopkeeper of London. The Main Building is a large Square, whereof one Side is open to the River, which isaboutone hundred Paces di- Rant, where is a molt commodious and magnificent Land¬ ing Place Of the other three lidcs the Front-fide contains the Claappel and Hall, both very fpacious and noble Rooms. The two other hde, being fourStories high, are divided in¬ to Wards, or Calories, two in each Story, containing each twenty lix diftiiafl: Apartments for the Foot-Soldiers. At each one of the four Corners of this main Building there is a fair Pavilion, in one whereof is the Governonrs Lod»- ing, and the Council-Chamber; the other three being fut Lodg'.ngs for feveral of the Officers of the Houle, both Civil and Military. In the middle of this great Court, is placed, upon a Marble Pedefhl, a mold curious brazen Statue ofthe Founder King C barlis the Second, at the Cofd and Charges of Mr. Toly Rujlntt. Befidesthis main Building, adorned with many (lately Pillars, there are four Wings or out-Buildims, large uni¬ form Piles, whereof one is the Infirmary, wherein to lodge the Sick; another for feveral Officers of the Houle; ano¬ ther for old maimed Officers of Horfe and Foot; and the fourth for the Bakers, Landrefs, ire. The number of Penfioners is 476, befides the Officer; u the Houle, Matrons, Landrers, Wafiterwomen, ire. The Penfioners have all Red Coats, lined with Blew, and are provided with all other Clothes, Linnen and Woollen, plentiful Diet, neat clean Lodging, Wafhing, Firing, and one Days Pay in every Week for Spending-Money. They all meet at Chappel, Morning and Evening, andin the HaJi at twelve of the Clock to Dinner, and at lix of tie Clock to Supper, and at nine go all to their Lodgings. In a Word, they all live fo much at their eafe, that fome Sol¬ diers coming to fee this Royal Hofpital, have almolt longed ro be old enough, or lame enough, that they might be im¬ mediately admitted of tbe Society, to live fo very plu- fantly, without the lead care for a Subli(dance, during tie «(d of their days, to pafs their time with Men of die lilt PartHI. of ENGLAND. 4 q ( \rr e and Fomine, in telling over their many Exploits, Ad¬ ventures and lla/ards; in receiving Vilits from their Kin¬ dled and Acquaintance, in Prayer and Prailing God, and their Benefattors, &e. The Qualification to be admitted of this Society, is, That each one mud (ltd bring a Certificate from his Superior Of¬ ficer, that he hath been maimed and difabled in the Service c f the Crown ; or elie that he hath ferved the Crown twenty years, which mud appear by the Mufter-Rolls. Fot the Government of this Royal Foundation, there are appointed tltefe Officers following. The Govcrnour, Sir Thomas Ogle, whofe Salary, as Go- vemour, is 500/. a year j beftdes which he hath a Penfion of 100 1. not to be continued to the future Governours. Major Richard Bstfworth, who aits as Lieutenant-Gover- nour, Salary 100 /. FitdChaplain, Dr. Langford, Salary too /. Second Chaplain, Mr. Merry, Salary 80 /. Phylician, Theodore Cclladon, Salary 100 i. Secretary, Mr. James Frafer, for liiinfelf 82/. and a Clerk, Deputy-Treafurer, Mr. Ralph Cook, 80 /. Steward, Mr. Henry Post/el 501. Comptroller, Mr , Robert Inglis, 4.0 l. Clerk of the Works, Mr. 20 /. Chirurgeon, Mr. John Hoad, 75 1. Apothecary, Mr. Ij'aac Gamier, 50 /. Thel'e have all fair Lodgings, and finable Diet in the Hall. Moreover, there are l'evenl other Officers, or Servants, af Cooks, Butlers, Bakers, Sexton, Uffiet, Porters, Women, Houl'e-keepers, Matrons, 24 : who have all Diet in the Holpital. There are all'o Barbers, and-divers other Ser¬ vants, belides Smiths, Carpenters, Joyners, Plummers, Stone-cutters, ire. To defray the vail Charges of this Royal Holpital, there is a conliderable Sum paid yearly, out of the Poundage of the Army, belides one days Pay of each Officer, and of each Common Soldier once every Year, which at prefent amounts to above jooo /. The Over-light, or Superintendency of this College be¬ ta® to the Right Honourable Rithard Earl of Ramlagh, Ray- 414 SLljc pjcfcnt (State Part HI. Ray-mader-General of liis Majcfly’s Forccs > Sir Stepbmfu one of the Lords Commillioners of the Treafury, and Sir C hrijlophcr Wren, Surveyor-General of his M.ijelly’s Wort-, to order all things relating to the Maintenance and n t ;|. government of this College- hospitals. I N tliis City are many richly endowed liofpiiali, Aw- Uoi'jes, Ufork-Uoujcf, and Houles ol Con- Ihe mo:’: noted arei Formerly a Monaflery of G-.:i. Friars, dilfblved by Henry VIII, and converted by hit Son Edward VI. into an Hofpital for poor Children, called by fome the Blue-Cm Hlfpital ; all the lioys and Girls bein' cloathed in Blue Coats, very warm and decern, and provi- ded with all fuitable Necelfaries. It hath lince been en¬ larged by divers confiderable lienefaftors. A great parte: this Fabrick was burnt down in the great Fire ; hut is again re-built with much Splendor and Convenience, by the pious Care and Charity of its Governours, Truftecs, and religious Benefaftors. hftverthelefs all would not do, without con. trailing a great Debt, and anticipating the Revenues of t!.: Hofpital, the Effeft of \vhich it Mill feels, and is like lots do, unlefs adminiibed to by the bountiful 1 lands, net only of willing, but of able Perfons. King Charles the Secor.J, of Peaceful Memory, founded here a Mathematical-School, ind liberally endowed it with Maintenance for an exquilite Teacher, where the more adult Lads, about 40 in number, are taught all Parts of Mathematicks; but efpeciaMy the Alt ef Navigation ; and afterwards they are every Year, about ten ot twelve at a-time, put Apprenticesto Mailers of Ships, and fo become skilful and brave Commanders. Here mi lately above a Thoufand poor Children,mod of em Orphans, maintain'd in the Houfe, and out at N uric, upon the Charge of this Foundation, and fix or feven fcore put yearly forth to Apprenticelhip; the Maidens to good and honed Services Nome of the mod pregnant Lads, are lo good Proficients 1: the Grammar-School belonging to this Hofpital, that they arc lent to the Univeifity, and become excellent Scholars; Part HI- of ENGLAND. 4.1 y 2nd Come of tliofe that have been put to Trades, have ar¬ rived to the higheft Dignities in the City, even the Prnto- ,jtl Chair hath been filled with one of thel'e. But the dated Revenue not being at all anfwerable to the neceffary yearly Erpences, many of the mod wealthy Citizens and Mer¬ chants ate chief Governours, in hopes that they will com- mifetate thole Wants which their own Eyes fee. That ve¬ nerable Alderman Sir John Floor Knight, fet a noble Example of Munificence to this Hofpital, in building a magnificent Writing-School, &c. which cod him fas it is computed) upwards of four thoufand Pound. St- 33artt)Olomtto’jff hofpital] adjoins to the Paid Clrifh-Hofpital, and formerly belong’d to the fame GrayFri- sn, founded by JlciOJ a Mufician, in the time of Hmij the Firfi, enlarged by Henry the Fourth. At the Didolution of Monaderies, Henry the Eighth left 500 Marks a year to it, for the relief of poor People, but was more largely endow¬ ed for the ufe of lick and jame Perfons only,' by Edvard the Sixth. This Spital hath able Phyficians and Chirurgeons, «reful Nuries, and good Provifion for wounded and fick Soldiers and Seamen, and other difeafed Perfons, which come from all Parrs of the Kingdom hither for Cure ; and through God’s Dlefiing here is fomerimes acco or upwards cured in a year, and relieved with Moneys, and other Ne- celliuies at their departure. This Houfe it feif efcaped the fory of the great Fire, but mcft of the Efiate belonging to it was confumed. St. SEljOinas’jB $ofpital] in Smthmtrk is for the fame ufe, and underwent almoft the lame Fate in its Revenues, not only in 1 666, but in the three great Fires of Southwark, 1676, tfi8i, 1689; founded by the fame pious Prince, and not inferiour at all to the other in the number of thofe that ate here yearly cured, and relieved. This they arc rebuild¬ ing (being old and ill-contrived) with great State and Con¬ venience ; A great Contribution being begun by the Right Honourable Sir John Fleet, Lord Mayor (who laid the firth Stone) and carried on by the Generolity of other eminent Petfons, who defign to make the Work very great and fpiendid. 33fti)lcm 4 i6 £Djc Jpjcfcitt PartHI, 53 £H)Iftn^orpit(ll] was an ancient mean Houle in tit Suburbs of tile City, for the maintaining and curing of lum. tick and didraded I’crlbns, ivliidi going to decay, the Lord M-yor, Court of AlJeuncn, and Cninmon-Couucil, grimed a i'iope of Ground in S'..jrfiiLis, for etetting a larger and more convenient Building for tbe Reception of thole poor Wretches. The building is very Magnilicent, and Bamti- ful, in a good Air, with great Accommodations: It coll 17000/. by realon of which this poor [Iolhital lies under the diladvantage of a great Dehr, and duluvcs the Confide- ration of thole that are charitably inclined. Hue is com¬ monly cured about 40,50, or 60 in a year. X^lDEtofll fofpital,] or Work-houfe, is a place whstt indigent, vagrant and idle People are let to work, and main¬ tained with Clothing and Diet; and when irfeems good 10 their Governour, they are lent by Palfes into their Native To this Hofpital, divers hopeful and ingenious Lads an put Apprentices, and prove afterwards honed and fubftin- tial Citizens—Hither likewile lawcy and incorrigible Sir. vants, Night-walkers, Strumpets, and the like, are fentlo Work; and, according to their Crimes, receive daily fuel a number of Stripes as the Governour commands; Brail and Water being, their bed Allowance; unlel’s by Repin- ranee and Indudry they del’erve better. This Holjiital was likewile founded by that Pious young Print : r.i-.1 the Sixtli.it having been one of his own 1'ai.ices. WALL and GATE 5 ; P IE ancient City of Londni was wall’d in op all Parts, with a drong Stone Wall of defence in height and thicknefs, proportionable to its delign, which is now for the mod part decay’d, dwelling Houfcs being,now built upon the Foundations of that which is warning, or open the top of that little which remains. The CP) when that Wall was built, was not above three Miles in Circumference; but now the Suburbs being above four rimes'bigger rlian that, the immenfe number oi its Inhabitants are a more omveiful Defence; Part nr. of ENGLAND. 417 Diencc ; yet mad of the Gate? of tint old Wall'ftill re- nuin ; thole which were burnt down, as Ladgate and New. jj.v, are rebuilt with great Solidity and Magnificence; and thofe which eicaped, as y//dcrfga!c,Cnppkgn'e, Moorga:c,H!d- (j/r, ate kept in good Repair, and all are Hurt up every Night with great diligence, and a fufiicicnt Watch at ten a Cloak ; none being buffered to go in and out without E\a- iriination: In like manner, at the fame Hour, Watches are placed every where about the City, who feize all lufpicious Ferfons, and fecure ’em till the next Morning, to be exa¬ mined by a Jultice of the Peace ; and if the) are found to It Vagabonds, Strumpets, or Night-walkers, they are lent to a Houle of Correction. Molt of thefe Gates are of good Architecture, and adorned with Statues of fume of our Kings and Queens, as is that likewile called TempL-B.tr ia f Int-jlms , near the Mi.UL-Templc-Gate. fti&IMC] The deligned Brevity of this Treatife will not let me give a very particular Account of all the Frilbns ia and about this City- Two of the aforefaid Gates, -art. I'krpr.v and Ludgate, being (trongly built, are Frilbns, the Jilt for Heinous Malefactors, as Traitors, Murderers, Felons, rad the like, who are tried at the Seffions-Houfe in the Oli- bil), hard by, and the other for Debtors, who are Free¬ men of London. The King’s-Bench Prifon in Stsetlsmarh is the greatefl for Debtors in England; not far from it is the !'h r jh!fea, a Prifon belonging to the Court of the Kuiglit- Mitllal of England ; who is Philip Modems, Flip The Fleet n;u faitJ.iuh is a great I’rilon likewife for Debtor. ; l’o are the two Counters belonging,more peculiarly to the City. The Hem-Prijon at White-Chdppel, the Gate-lmfe at Weflmin- f~, and others would take up too much room to be de- Icribed here ; but each have their diftinft Priviledges and Conveniences, according to the Circum'ffances of the Deb¬ tor, which is the Reafon why he fo oft removes himfelf fern one to the other, by Writs of Habeas Corpus. lonDon-KajiDgt.] The next thing remarkable in the Ci¬ ty of London, may be the Bridge ; which, for admirable porkmaidliip, for Vaftnefs of Foundation, for all Dimen- itoiis, and for folid Houles, and rich Shops built thereon, p?uT:th ail other in Europe ; it hath XIX Arches, founded aj dee? broad River, and fome fry, on a (oft Ouzy E e Ground!, 4 i 9 SCUc |P;if£»u &tate Part HI, Ground, 800 Foot in Length, to Foot high, and 30 broad j hath a Draw-Bridge almoll in the middle, and 10 Foot be. tween each Arch. It was begun by K. Usury tlte lid, and finilhed, Amt 1309, in the Reign of K. Jthn. The Building of this Bridge of London, was an exceeding difficult and coftly piece of Work ; and to thofe that conli- der the conftant great Flux and Reflux at that place, it feems alnaod iinpoflible to be done again ; the Charge of keeping :t in Repair is fo great, that it hath been thought fit by our Auceflo:'. to have a large Houfe, a vail Revenue ia Lands and Houfes, and divers conftderable Officers, &i, to be fet apart for the conflant Care and Repair thereof; th: principal whereof are the two Bridge-Mailers, chofenoutoi' the Body of the Liveries upon hUdjummer-day, after the She nils and Chamberlain. £l;c Kojul Cycljangc] Is next to be confidered as tti nobleft Building of tliat ul's in the World. The former Burfe began to be erefted in the Year itiate Part III. The Mailer or Keeper of the Great Wardrobe, is an OS- eer of great Antiquity and Dignity. High Priviledges and Immunities were conferred on hi® by Henry the Sixth, and confirmed by his SuccelTors: King Jamn the Firft enlarged the fame, and ordained, that tiii Great Office Ihould be an Incorporation, or Body Politick for ever. J&ctaral tljingfl furnifficD from tljtncc.] This Office is to make Frovilions for Coronations, Marriages and Fune. rals of the Royal Family; to furnilh the Court with Beds, Hangings, Clothes of Ellate, Carpets, and other NeceiTariei; to furnilh Houfes for Amballadors, at their firlt arrival here, Prefents for Foreign Princes and Amballadors; Clothes of Ellate, and othar Furniture for the Lord Lieutenant of In. land. Lord Prefident of (Valet; and all his Majelty’s A®. bllTldotS abroad; to provide all Robes for foreign Knights of the Garter, Robes for Knights of the Garter at home, and Robes and all other Furniture for the Officers of the Garter, Coats for Kings, Heralds, and Purfuivants at Arms; Rohes for the Lord Treufurer.tH Livery for the Lord Chamberlain, Grooms of his Majelly’s Privy-Chamber, Officers of his Majelty’s Robes, and divers other his Majelty’s Servants; Rich Liveries for the two Lords Chief J.ullices; all the Ba¬ tons of the Exchequer; divers Officers in thofe Courts; al Liveries for his Majelly’s Servants, as Yeomen of the Guard, and Warders of the Tower, Trumpeters, Kettle- Drummersi Drummers and Fifes; the Meflengers, and ail belonging to the Stables, as Coachmen, Footmen, Litter- men, Poltillions and Grooms, &c. All Coaches, Chariots, HafnelTes, Saddles, Bits, Bridles, &c. The King’s Water¬ men, Game-keepers, &c. All Linnen and Laces for his Mi- jelly’s Perfon, &c. To defray all the fore-mentioned Charges, ordinarily there was expended formerly above 40000 but now much lefs, befide all Exttaordinaries, as Coronations, Funerals, &■ Thif Office is at prefent enjoyed by Patent for life, by the Right Honourable Ralph Earl of’Mumtague, one of his Majelly’s moll Honourable Privy-Council- The prefent Salary to him, in compenfation of fevenl ancient Fees and Allowances, is yearly aooo /- The part HI- of ENGLAND. 4 }i the laid Houfe near Puddlc-wharfe, was long ago annexed f 0I ever to the Mailer of this Office ; but fince the great fee of London, this Office is kept in Yirk-Htufi Buildings- the chief Officers under the Mailer are, a Deputy, and i Clerk of the faid Warders, by Patent Jikewife for Life, ,hofe Salary, in compenfation of feveral ancient Fees and jtllawances, is at prefent 300 1 . per Annum. Doth thofe Officers had fair DwelJing-Houfes, which vere alfo confumed by the Fire. _ Belonging to this Office are divers Tradefmen, Artificers ml others, to the number of at lead 60, all fworn Servants to the King. | there are two principal Clerks afling in the Office above. Of tli e EXCISE-OFFICE, T HE Office for Receipt of the next confidence Branch of the King’s Revenue, is the Excifc-Offct, which is at prefent under an ahfolute Management for his Majelly by CommilTioners in number feven; who, purfuant to an Att of Parliament, do receive the whole Produft of the Hxcife of Beer and Ale collected all 6ver England, and pay it into tie Exchequer : They have Boo /. Salary each per Annum, and ire obliged by Oath to take no Fee nor Reward, but from the King only, i The Exciffiofce is kept in Broad-free:. From the afore-mmed Commiflioners, there lies an Ap¬ peal to others', called the CommilTioners of Appeal, who ue five, and by his Majelly are allowed 200/. Salary each Of the Office of Fcft-Majter-Gcneral. P IE Profits of the faid Office were fettled by Aft of Pailiament on his Royal Higbnefs the Duke of Turk., bat his Majelly dorb conllitute hiS Poll-Mailer-Genera!, by Letters-Patents under the Great Seal of England. This Of¬ fice is now in the Hands of the King, and is executed by Tsso Pod-Maflers Ger.eral. 432 JEljc pjtfcnt ^tate Tart III, In the Foreign Office, Comptroller, Salary 150 /. per /hiuusn Alphabet-Keeper, Sal. too l. per Annum. Belides eight Clerks, 50 /. per dunum each. Ilis Majefly keepeth one Grand or General Office in the City of London, from whence Letters and Pacquets are dif patch’d. Every Monday to Frame, Italy, Spain, Flanders, G trimj, Sweden, Denmark, Kent, and the Deans. Every Tuefday to the United Netherlands, Germany, Satdilmi, Denmark, and to all Parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Every Wednc/day to Kent only, and the Doans. Every Tlmrfday to France, Spain, Italy, and all Parts of Eng¬ land and Scotland Every Friday to the Spanijh and United Netherlands, G erne, ny, Sweden, Denmark, and to Kent, and the Doans. Every Saturday to all Parts of England, Scotland and Its- And the Anfwers of the faid Letters and Pacquets are re¬ ceived in the faid Office in due courfe, and from thence dil'perfcd and delivered according to their refpeftive Dire- flions, with all Expedition- From all Parts of England and Scotland, except Wales, eve¬ ry Monday, Wednelday, and Friday. From Wales every Utr,. day and Friday j and from Kent and the Doans every Day. The faid Office is managed by a Deputy, and other Of¬ ficers, to the Number of 77 Perfons, who give their afluil Attendance refpeSively in the Difpatch of the Bulfnefs. Upon this grand Office depends 182 Deputy Pofl-Mafters in England and Scotland, molf of which keep regular Offices in their Stages, and Sub-Poft-Mafters in their Branches; Arid alio in Ireland another general Office for that Kingdom, which is kept in Dublin, confiding of 18 like Officers, and 4S Deputy-Poft-Mafters. His Majefly keeps conflantly for the Tranfport of the faid Letters and Pacquets, Between Part III- of England. 4li t Frame, j Pacquet-Boats, \spain, i Pacquet-Boats, one in a Fortnight. j >twwn E n g.nd Tradefmen may fend to their Workmen for what they want; Bills may be difperlcd, or Publication of any con¬ cern ; Summons or Tickets convey’d to all Parts, Brewers Entries fafely Lent to the E xccfeOJfice ; Appointments of Meetings among Men of L’ufinefs; much timefav'd in Soli¬ citation for Money ; Lawyers and Clients tputually corre- fpond; Patients may fend to Defiers, Apothecaries, and Chirurgeons for what they (hall want, belides many other Advantages. Of Coachmen, Carmen, end Watermens Rates. THE Convcniency of Hackney-Coaches, Carts and Boats, 1 in and about London, is very great: But Coachmen, Carmen, and Watermen, being for the moft part rude, ev¬ ading and quarrell'ome, I hope it will not be thought amils, to put down here thofe Rates which they may demand, and hryord which no body is obliged trjpay them. SEfje ^cfcnt &tate Part 111 , 56 Rates of Coachmen, according to an AS of Parliament, 14 Car. 2. For a whole Day in and about Union and! [Q oj Wtjlmmjlcr, reckoning ra Hours to the Day- i By the Hour, for the firft Hour— ' Every Hour after the firft- — From any of the bun of Court, to any Part of St- James's, or (VtJIminJ beyond Tuttle-Stntt) or from any of th to any of the hns of Court, or thereabouts, From any of the butt of Court, to the Royal Ex -1 g change," 1 art, or thereabouts, ) r Wefiminfitr (except V any of thofe Places, f 01 >r thereabouts, 2 j Hrcet, Aligate, or Places thereabout— And the like Rates from, and to any places of the like diliance. The fame Rates are confirm’d by a late Aft of Parlit- Rales of Caimen, as fettled at a General Quarto- Stjfums. From any Wharf between the Tovtcr and Union-) Bridge, to Tomcr-jlnet, Grace-Church-f reel, Fan-f thurch-jlrect, Bijhpfgate-Jlreet, within Cornhill, and^ 01 01 Places of like difiance up the Hill, with 18 hun-l dred weight, noc exceeding ao hundred weight. J And for every hundred weight above 20 hun- ( dred--•-J 0 Sea-Coals a Load, i. e. half a Chaldron, or an hundred of Faggots-- ■ - From any of the aforefaid Wharfs, to Bmijlrcet, Lothhury, Oli-Jemry, Bajfinit, Cohnanflrtet, Ironmon¬ ger-Lane, AUermtnhury, and Places of likediftance, the aforefaid Weight —-- - - . . . ■ Coals or Faggots — —-•-- 1 From any of the faid Wharfs, to Sinithfic!i-Bar,l PartHI. of ENGLAND. 2 ; 7 And where the weight from 18 to 20 hundred pays 1 1. ii from 14 to 18 hundred pays but 1 s. 10 d. and where from 18 to 20 hundred pays 2 6 d. from 14 to 18 hundred pays but 2 r. And where from r8 to 20 pays 2 1. id. from 8 to 14hun¬ ted pays but 1 i. 6 d. and where from 18 to 20 pays 2 1. il. from 8 to 14 hundred pays but 1 1. Zd. There are other particulars (dated, but according to rliefe Proportions. Note, That for the foregoing Rates the Carmen are to help as much as they can, to lead and unload their Carts. All Merchants, or others, may chufe what Carr they • pleafe, except fuch aslhnd for Wharf-Work, Tackle-Work, Crane-Work, Shop, and Merchants Houfes, which are to be taken in turn. livery Licenfed Carman is to have a piece of Brafs fixed upon his Cart, with a certain Number, which is regiftred in Ctrl ft’s Hoff it 11I. So that if any Carman offend, rhe Perfon grieved may repair every Tuefday at 2 a Clock in the After¬ noon to Chrip Hofpiul, the Court then fitting, and telling tie Number, the Carman's Name will be found our, and he pmiflied. Sty f jctcnt £nntc PaitHl. 4* 8 the Rates or Fares of W A T E R M E N they were fet forth by the Lord Mayor and Court d Aldermen. 1 lO/irj. |SM.t| From Ltmdm to Lime-hmfe, tsew-Cram, Shad- well Dock, Bell-Wharf, Ratclig-Crofi,-—- - To Wapping Dick, trapping m, and Wappmg old Stairs, the Hermitage, Rothtritb-Cburcb Stairs, and Rotberitb Stairs,-- From St. Oku to Rothirith Church-Stairs, and Rithtritb Stairs,- -- From Billiitgjgati and Sr. 0 laves, to St. Sa¬ viour's Mill,- All the Stairs between Lmdm-bridge and RFrom either Side above Lmdm-bridge, Lambttb and Fix-ball, - From White-ball, to Lambeth and Fox-hall,- From Temple, Dirfet, BlacUriert Stairs, a; Paul's Wharf to Lambeth, -:- Over the Water direffly in the_ ler, between Lmdm-bridge and Lime-heuft, Lmdm-bridge and Fix-ball, - Stub J s. dJ 6 o 6 o part III. of ENGLAND. 45^ Rates for carrying of Goods in the Tilt-Boat between Gravefend and London. s. d. d. Ah'.f Firkin -I 0 1 Ml! ordinary Chejl, or I Awhill Firkin — ■»<■ 0 1 I Trunk——— 0 6 A High ad -I'.o A ordinary Hart fir- ‘ ; 6 A hundred might of | : The Hire of the whole ( Chef, Iron, or a::} I I Tilt-Boat -] ’! 6 ktavy Goods— -J o 4 I Every fngle Perftn in ASotiofSalt or Corn -1 o 6 | the ordinary Pajfage | 0 6 What Waterman taker and demands more than thefe Rites, lies liable to pay forty Shillings, and fuffer half a years Imprifonment. And if herefufe to carry any PalTenger or Gcods at thefe Rites, upon Complaint made to the Lord Mayor and Court ef Aldermen, he fliall be futpended from his Employ for twelve Months. Ff * of Sllic pjffrrt fctatf 443 Pan III. | Of the two UNIVERSITIES. T 1 iRilJCt'fitp Of fiD^S.] Oxford, jttafs On, ford, lf£, V-4 Vadim, the Name of the chief River whereon it is feared ; or perhips from Bovis Vadnm, a Ford for Oxen to pals through, before the Ufe of bridges, as Thrachn Bsifh rs;, fignifying the like, is by the Gormans called Od-fnftn. It is feated at the meeting of two clear lilhy Rivers, in fuch a healthy Air, and pleafant rich Soil, that it hath an. ctently been called BtUtfttum , Itcllajis, ot Beaulieu. It lies in 51 Degrees 42 Minutes Latitude, and about 22 Degrees Longitude, above 13 Degrees more North ward,'Inn that mod famous ancient City andUniverlity of /Ishtnt, that once fruitful Mother and careful Nurl'e of many Arts, Sci¬ ences, and beneficial Inventions. But Oxford being feated in an Ifland, the Air is not much colder in the Winter, nor near lb tionblefom; or hot in the Summer as dtkm. Oxford was a place of publick Studies above nine hun¬ dred Veits ago, and much augmented, (as fome lay,} no: founded by the Learned Saxon King Alfred, and hath teen v, ry anciently reckoned the lecond Univerlity among the four principal of Europe j whereof the others are Pari! in b.ancr, Domain nose called Bologna in Italy, and Salamanca in Spain ; and alrho’ Paris hath ufually been named in the firft place, (which was full iriodel’d by Alcuimts an Eaigh)h-mm, in ths time of Charles the Groat ) yet it hath been acknov- lejged to be Oxom'x Propago ; and if Paris for a time vis more liourilhing, yet fmee, in many refpefts, 'tis excelled by this of Oxford, Oxford is an ancient City, confiding of two forts of In- habitants, viz. Students and Citizens, living one amongS anciher, tlm’ wholly feparito fqr Government and Man¬ ners; For, when former Kings of England perceived that they could not (as at Paris) be feparated by a River, they thought bed to disjoin them, as much as might conveni¬ ently be, by Pririledges, and whole manner of Govern¬ ment; fo fhar there are not the fame Limits; for the Uni- veriiry Ijave them much larger: Nor the fame Authority of Judjce or Power of Alagidrares; For'he Chancellour of rhe jt/uiverfi-y, and in his Abfence, the Vice-Chancellor, « p jrt III. Of ENGLAND. 44l cot only in Place, bur in all Affairs of Moment (rho’ con- >Hrr.ing tli: Ciry it fslf) liipaiour to the Mayor of the \n'oi are they governed by the fame kind of Laws; for all kembers of the Univerlity, are fubjeft to the Vice-Clian- jtllour’s Judicial Courts; the Proceedings ot which are ,(holly managed according to the ufage and form of the Civil haw. The Univerlity hath, rime out of mind, exercifed Pow. n and Jurifdiftion in all Caufes (Maim, Felony and Free- fcoM excepted) whereof, or wherein a priviledged Perfon is on: Party ; and are warranted to do I'o by divers Charters, v.hereof foinc are confirmed by Aft of Parliament: and the Proceedings are according to theCourfeof the Civil Laws. After Witneffes have been openly produced in Court and Strom,their Humiliations are taken inWriting by thejudge ml Regifler, and then publilhed, that all Parties may have Copies of them, according to the Coutfeof the Civil Law, tke High Court of Chancery mi the Admiralty : And the Sen¬ tences given there, are not as fome ill aff'efted Perfons to tk: Church and Univcrlities malicioufly fugged, meeriy Aibitrary and grounded upon no Law, but at the Will of tke Judge : But in all his Sentences thejudge is governed by the Juflice and Equity of the Civil and Common Law, mil the Statutes of the Land, againd which he neither doth nor can give Decree or Sentence. If the Judge be thought to judge erroneoudy or unjud- !y, Writs of Htror ate not brought to this Court, becaufe, is was faid before, the manner of Proceedings here ate not iiat the Common Law ; but the Party aggrieved, may ei* ;ktt appeal or complain of a Nullity, and have Redrefs ; and there are in the Univerlity appointed yearly four or fire Doftors, and fome Maders, from the Convocation and Congregation delegated by them, to hear all Complaints igiinft any Proceedings in the Vice-Chancellour’s Court, and from their Judgment there lies a further Appeal to the Supreme Power in Chancery, where the Judges of the Land, and other learned Lawyers both Common and Civil, have ufually been nominated Judges Delegates, as is ulually done in the Admiralty and Prerogative Courts. Cljancflloj Of iDyfatO.] Over the Univerfity next un¬ ite the King, is placed the afore-mentioned Magidrate, cal¬ led 44* £!je pjefcnt &tate Part ir | led the Chancellor, who is ufually one of the Highefl P re . lates, or of the prime Nobility, and neareft in favour with the Sovereign Prince, defied by the Students tlieinl'dvesin Convocation, to continue durante vita, whofe Office is to take care of the Government of the whole Univerfity, n maintain the Liberties and Privileges thereof, to call Af- femblies, to hear and determine Controverlies, to call Courts, to pun'fli Delinquents, &c. This great Honour is enjoyed at prefent by Jama Duke of Ormond. Uiglj-SjtctoarD.] The next in Dignity among!} the Of¬ ficers of the Uriiverlity of Oxford, is the High-Stexard, who is nominated by the Chancellor, and approved by the Uni- vetlity, and is alfo durante vita, whofe Office is to a Hi ft ill! Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, and Proflors, upon their Rt- quells, in the Execution of their Places; alfo to hear and determine Capital Caufes according to the Laws of the Land, and Privileges of the Univerfity, fo oft as the Chancellor lhall require him. This Honour is held by Henry Earl of Clarendon. ®iCE 1,1 M ™ent, ail Doflofs in he Uni & ? d! ,ay ° rS aKd G '°'' ern ° Urs Cities > and t“e ftincipal Judges, are, at certain times, cloathed in Scarlet. erXo™* 1 T }‘ Dc f reES taken in the Univerlity arc rml V , “ : r n " and ({0! lh ''’ty *re an- 'Ml) called, as well in D,-jinLaw, Hyfick, as in the Arts; Part Iir. of ENGLAND. 4<}? iDono; of ?LalV.] To take the Degree of DoSoref Lav the mote ordinary way is this: After liven years Handing in the Ur.iverlity, and the performance of all Lxcrcifes re¬ quired, a I'erfon is capable of taking die Degree of Batcbd- nr in that Faculty, and then in live years more of Doftor in the fame. Or oihervife in three years after, taking the Degree of Uijlir of Arts, lie may take the Degree of Batch dor in Lav, and in four years more of D. L. L. according to the Method mil Time limited in taking the Degrees of Batchtilor and Dtthr in Pk.jhk. CjtlTClfflJ.] The Kxcrcifes required for taking tiiefe De¬ grees, are many, and difficult enough ; yet not fucli, but that they may be performed in lefs rime by any Men of good Abilities. But it was the Wifdom of our Anceftors foto order, that before rhofe Degrees were confcrr’d upon my, and they allow’d to prafiife, they might h'rfi gain judgment and Dilcretion, which comes with time and years; and perhaps, that rhofe of flower Parts might by Time ami Induflry, make tltemfelves capable of that Ho¬ nour, as well as thole of quicker Abilities. fagnificrilff Of ilDjrfn^D.] To fpeak now particularly of the mold magnificent and lfately publick Schools in Ox- frti, of the large Salary to each publick ErofelTor ; of the nod famous Bodkian Library, that for a noble, lightlome Fabrick, number of excellent Books, choice Manufcripts, ferlity of Languages, liberty of Studying, facility of finding 3ny Book, equals, if not furpafles, mold of the fo- reign Libraries; the Reader may pleafe to take this follow¬ ing Account. The lirfl Publick Library in Oxford, was fetupin Durham* ("'here TrimtyCo'Jcg! now (lands) by Richard of Burg, cr Richard Aungervilic, who was Lord Treafurer of England, ltd liifliop of Durham in the time of King EivotrdUl. This Learned Prelate, as he tells you more at large in his t'cih-bibkn, fpar’d no Colls nor Pains in getting together a great Colleftion of Books, in'Order to which, he l'earch’d nod of the Monaftical-Libraries here in England ; unlock’d their old Chells, which had not been open’d in many a year, purchas’d all the Books which he had occalion for; others he tnfed to be Tranfcrib’d for him on purpofe ; and befides G g this. 4 jo ®k pjcfent State Part III, this, got from beyond the Seas vail Quantities of foreign Manulcripts, lo that at laft, partly by Money, partly by IV fents (his Favor being fought after by Gifts in Hooks ) |,i s Library exceeded that of a private I’erfon, and he grew lb!, licitous hosv to render it ufeful to Learning, and to prefers thole Books together which had been the great Work of his Life to collcit. This lie rightly Ibppos’d might belt be done, by letting it for ever on the Uniserlity, which hedij in the place above-mention’d, and appointed certain Sta¬ tures for the Government of his Library, which are atfoei- tant in the Phih-eihlon. About the Year 1367, another Library built by Tamil Colham, Bilhop of Worcejlcr, upon St. Mariei Church, begin to be furnilh’d with Desks and Books, and was mightily en- creas’d by the bounty of the Founder, King Demy IV; ill his Sons, and others of the Nobles Spiritual and Temporal, till about the year t+Sc, this Library was brought into a nesv one, which it pleas’d tltat molt Noble Prince Hint. Jrty Duke of Gllucejhr, to ereCt upon the Divinity School, that he had juft before built for the ule of the Uni- veriiry, and furnifh’d it with thole Manulcripts which be, at any rates, got out of foreign Parts, (chiefly from /far.) and prel'entcd tire Univerlity with, at two Donations; ti.e Names of which Books together wirh Iris Letters which t: Cent along with them, are ftill extant in the Archives of the Univerlity. Tliel'eMen, under pretence c-f rooting cut Popery,Su- perftition and Idolatry, utterly deftroy’d thefc two nobis Li¬ braries, and embe/.l’d, fold, burnt, or tore in pieces all thole valuable Books, which thofe great Pattons of Learning I11I been fo diligent in procuring in every Countrey of tuny: Nay their fury was fo fuccelsful as to the Aungcrvilim Li¬ brary, which was the oldeft, largeft, and choiceft, flue «c have not I'o much as a Catalogue of the Books left. Not did they reft here; they vilited likewifethe College U'm nr;, and one may guels at the svork they made with them, by a Letter (bill kept in the Archive!, where one of them boafts, that Dew-College Quadrangle yeas all aver d.scilh tit Leavn 0/ their torn Booh, open d on the 8«b of November ifioa, the Vice' r, and the whole Univerlity coming thither in aalities, and this day ftill continues to be the Vifi- ’, when the Curators (who are the Vice-Chanoel- i'ngs ProfelTors. viz., of Diviniti, Lav and Pbilick. nfpeft the Library and cal] over >!1 the liooks. Sir Thm.li in a few years found his Library to encraleli faff, that lie built up another Building clofe to it, whicl made it in the lhape of a Roman T, this he furnifh’d will all things neceflary, and efpccially with Books; whereinh was fo diligent, that as he wrote to Dr. Tin' Jamr, his firl Library-keeper, there was not 400 Bounds worth of Boot in England fit for a Library, which were not aftually plac'i therein, and that he would endeavour to com pafs them alfo Nor was liis Care for the future State and I’refervaiion c it lefs than itought to be : For after that the Univerlityhr built the Pukiick Schools juft by the Library up two Stotit high, he himfelf, at his own Charge raifed a Gallery 1; round a ftory higher, to the inrenr that when the new p;t of the Library Ihould be fill’d with Hooks, they might gi on to furnilh thefe Galleries alfo. Befides this, he made 11 Agreement with a certain Company in London, to giveon Copy to the Library of every Hook which they (liouldPtL; front thence forward ; which Agreement, I believe theyol ferv’d very well, till about the year 1640. And lafbly, b his Will, he left a conliderabie tflare to the Univerlityi Land and Money, for Salaries to the Officers, for keepiit theFabrick in repair, and for buying new Books. But th: is now fallen miferably fhorr; for by the fraud of his Erect tor, by the Loan of a great Sunmi of Money to King C’car.' the Fir ft in hisDiftrel's, and by the Fire of Undon, &c. th Eftate will now do little more than pay the Officers tiled Salary, tlio’ their trouble is encreated. Sir Thmas died 'Jammy eS. 1612. after he made fit Si. tutu for the Government of Place, £rc. and they had bee Conlitm’d in Convocation, and he declar’d by the Univerfit to be the Founder of the Library ; but with him, the Genii of the Place did not feern to fall, lince there art noivmoi than double or treble the Number of Hooks in it, than wei there at his Death. For foon after, viz. A. D. r619, the then Earl of Pectin. (thro’ the perfuafions of Arch-bifhop Laud) bought and gn almoft all that Colleftion of Greek Manufcripts, whichfr* tijeo Baroccio, a Venetian Gentleman, had with great Coll an Pains gathered together, which are efteem’d the moll valt able parcel of Books that ever came into England at or time. Thofe which that Peer kept for his own ufe, ta art III. of ENGLAND. 4 y y The Studious Scholar has only the benefit of the above- itention’d Libraries: but of the Infpeftion of two large ColleSions of Coins, one in the Mufaum, and the other in lie Galleries of the Bodleian Library, which is the moll con- liletible, and whereof great pare was given by Arch-Eifhop Ud Thefe Galleries are replenilh’d with the Pictures of fa founders of the Colleges, and of other Learned Men: and io™ below, by the Theater, is a great Collection of antient Aiftiom and Mariks, moli of them formerly part of rile median ColleSion; the reft given lince by Mr. Sclden, lid Sir George Wheeler. But as if all thefe Books were no; fufficient for the Studi¬ ous; and, in order to keep the Scholars as much within doors as pofiible, the Univerfity has encouraged Pi hate id- lories, whereof every College has one, as alfo fome of the liills. Amongft the reft thofe of Magdalen, Corpses Chrijli , grim, Baliol, St. 'Johns, and New Colleges, excell both in Ma- Bjfcripts afld Printed Books; Lincoln, Jefns, and Univerfity Colleges have lelfer Libraries of both Kinds: Chrijl-Cbnrch, Tailj, and Steeeens confift moftly of Printed Books: The Cife of which laft mention’d Library is a (lately Fabrick lately crefled, and the Infide almoft fill’d with the Books of tie old Library, and the Benefaflions of Dr. Barlow, lateBi. tap of Lincoln, Sir Jofeph IVilliamfin, and of Dr. Timothy Hal- in, the worthy Provojl of the College, by whofe Care and Menagemenr, this College has been of late years exceeding. I) advanced .) Befides thefe Libraries, every Student has Hi own Study better furniili’d, generally fpeaking, than in ether Univerlities; and fome of die Heads of the Univer- Sty have Studies compleac in their Several kinds. ■ £l)fatrc,] To fpeak of the curious Architeflure, and nhCharge of the newTheatre, fabricated by the mod tri¬ gonous Sir cbrijlopher Wren, at the foie Coll and Charges of lie moll Reverend Father in God, Gilbert, the late Archbi- lop of Canterbury, for the ufe of Scbolaftick Exercifes- : To fpeak of the beautiful folid Stone Buildings, Cltap- ptls, Halls, large Revenues, admirable Pifcipline of feveral Colleges, excellent Accommodation for young Noblemen nil Gentlemen, Helps and Allowances for poof Scholars, bt. wou’d require another Volume ; only of the Phylicb Gnjen take this fliort Account. 4f6 SCfjc jpjefciit State Part 111 , Among the feveral Noble Struftures and great Conveni- encies of Learning, wherewith this famous Univerfity it adorned, this of the I’hyfick-Garden, commodioufiy placed by the River ChaneeS, claims not the lead Place ; founded, built, and the Donation thereof made to the Univerlity in the Year ifija, by the Munificent llencdftion of the Right Honourable Henry Dnnvtn, L'arl of D.viiy, then living at hi, Houfe at Cornl-ury ; who, purchafing 1'ive Acres of Ground, South of St- Mary Magdalen's (.'o! ledge, thereon ereftei, about the Square thereof, mod dately Walls and Gates, which Walls are 14 Foot high, of the bed fquared and mef: polite Stone, the like not to be clfewhere feen ; and tn : Gate thereof to the Expence of 5 or 600 /. on the Fronts' which is this Infcripfion to be feen, Gloria Dei Optimi Maximi, Homri Caroli Regis, hi Ufum Academia & *ReipMu 163 Henricus Comes Danby. And EndoV/'d the (June with an Annual Revenue to per¬ petuity, for the Maintenance and keeping of the fame, ad its great Variety of Plants, whereof it now contains many Thoufands, for the Ufe and Honour of the Univerlity; ferving not only for Ornament and Delight, and the plea- fant Walking and Diverfion of the Academical Students, and of all Strangers and Travellers; but of great Ufealfo, as is eadly found among all Perfons. defirous to improve their Botanical Inclinations and Studies ; and for the plea- fant Contemplation and Experience of Vegetative Phil#, for which here is fuppofed to be as good Convenience asin any place of Europe (if not the bed} as alfo for the Service of all Meeticmd PnSitimrt, fupplying the Phyficiime, Aft- theiaries , and who elfe Hull have occafion for things of that Nature, with what is right and true, firefh and good, for the Service and Life of Man. The Care of this Garden is now committed by the Uni- verfity to that skilful Botanid, Mr. Jacob Btbart, whohai carried on the Univerfil Herbal, begun by the Learned Dr. Mtrifbn deceafed. Alfo the newly erefted Mufaum in Oxford cannot well be palfed over without fome brief Account thereof. ' . The Pirt III- of ENGLAND. 4f7 a large and ftately Pile of fouared Srone, large of tlie Univerlity, who found l'uch y, in order to rile promoting and carry- r Eafe and Succefs, levcral Pairs of uleful ling, for which it is lo well contrived It borders upon the Well End of the Theatre, having a nry magnificent Portal on that Side, Curtained by Pillars of a. tsr,ii,'own Order, with fcveral Curious Frizes and other Artificial Fimbelli (laments ; the Front about 60 Foot, is to \ I 'ard, where is this Infcriprion over the fcinnce in GiltCharafters, Museum Ajfai.oieamm, Scbola Na- U.'ihru, Uficina Ghymica ; The tirrt Foundation svas j;d on the 14th of April, 1679, a nd it was happily Hnilhed ra the :nth of March, 1683. at which time a rich and r.o- •j. Collection of Curiofities was prefented to the Univer- ;:v by that excellent and publick-fpirited Gentleman, Elias /‘ra ,. Llq: a l erfon fo well known in the World, that he r.?Js no farther Elogium in this jhort Narrative ; and the Ime Day there depolited, and afterwards digefted, and put HO a jurt Series and Order, by the great Care and Dili- rare of the Learn’d Robert Plat, Doftor of Laws, who, at tie worthy Donor’s Requeft, was entrufted with the Cufto- iy of the Mufaum, as is now the Learned Tin. Lluy'i, M.A. Acceflions are continually made to the Mujeeum, by feve- nl worthy Perfons, as Dr. Robert Huntington, who hath given HieroglyphicIts, and other Egyptian Antiquities. Mr. Jmn Goodyear , -to whole generous Favour they owe there in intire Mummy ; and the eminently Learned Martin Li - fir, Dr. of Phyjick, who has prefented the Univerftty with 1 large Cabinet of Natural Rarities of his own Collection, wd of feveral Roman Antiquities, as Altars, Medals, Lamps, fc. found here in England; fo that it is juftly believ’d, that iiu few Years it will be one of the molt famous Report- Mies in Europe. OF *f 8 JE|)C JDjefciu &tate Part III: O F CAMBRIDGE W Hat hath been faid of Oxford, the like may he fail of her Sifter, Cambridge ; which, for Antiquities, gracious Priviledges, beautiful Colleges, large Revenue', good Difcipline, Number of Students, plentiful Revenues, and of all other things necdlury for Advancement of Lear¬ ning, may challenge Hqualiiy with any other Univerfity of the Chriftian World. The Univerlirv of Cambridge, in fome few Particulars, differs from that of Oxford. SD)f filjincrfloj.] The Chancellor of C amlridge (it prefent Htnry Duke of Smcrjct) is not fo durante mild, but may be Llefted e.’ety Three Years, tut manere it aim Of- \ c it durante I mitt Ctmftnfu Semttm Cantebr. He hath under j him a Commiflary, who holds a Court of Record of Civil j Caufcs, for all priviledg’d Perfons and Scholars, under the ] Degree of Mafter of Arts, where all CauCes are tried and determin’d by the Civil and Statute Laws, and by the Cu- ftoms of the Univerfity. They have alfo a High Steward, chofen by the Soon, and holds by Patent from the Univerfity. fflite«Cl)ancellOJ.] This high Officer is chofen every Year, on the 3d of November, by the Senate, out of two Perfons nominated by the Heads of the feveral Colleges and Halls. , Here Note, That the Hails at Cambridge are endow’d and piiviledged as the Colleges, and differ only in Name. The Two Proffers are chofen every Year, is UOrftri, according to the Circle of Colleges and Halls- There part III. of E N G L A N D. 4 y 9 Time are chofen after the fame manner Two called Tax- i ;, «hn, with the I’roSors, have care of Weights and Mea- iu’ts, us Clerks of xhe Market- fit Jitter.] The Cup! Anhivirum, or Univcrfity-Regifter. There are all'o Three Efquire Beadles. One Vcoman-Seadlc and a Library-Keeper. pjiiliirDgrs.] This Univerfity, for the Encouragement r. .Students, hath allb div ers l’riviledges, Rights and Li- Isiit', granted by fevcral Kings of biglmd, which every ,'w.u-day the Mayor of the Town of Cvc7or in that Faculty, who is oppofed by feveral Heads of Colledges rid Dtdiri of the fame Faculty, who are Hr mi ah, the flu- Chancellor, or the Regius Profefjor moderating: which laid Difputatint continue from 8 to rr in the morning- From 1 to 3 the fame day is kept a Philofoph. Act by a Ma¬ fia tf Arti, thofe of his own Degree oppoling him —-— From 3 to 4 an Aft by a DtBor of Law, oppofed by tome other Docion of the fame Faculty—From 4 to y an Aft Iry a Doctor of Phyfick, oppofed likewife by Doctors of his own Faculty. On Tuefday from 8 to r r is kept a Divinity-All by a Bat- cheiler if Divinty-, -From r r to 2 a Philofophica! Ail by a Mafia if Artt -From 2 to 3 a Law-All by a Btubiller if Law -From 3 to 4 a Phyfick-/B, by a Batchelitr ef Phyfick Thefe are all oppofed by thofe that Commence Docion in their refpeftive Faculties. After thefe is a Mufick-AB. SCijeStermjff.] In Cambridge the Lcnt-Tcnn begins the 13th of January, and ends the Friday before Pnlm-Suniay j Eafitr- Term begins tile Wcdntfday after Easter Week, and ends the Weal. hrtlll. of ENGLAND. 463 Week before Wbitfmtidt: Trinity-Term they have none at f alridgi, for from Eajhr to the Commencement! is hut one Jfflii with them. Michaelmas-Term begins the icth of OSo. |r and ends the 16th ef Dictmher. Comnunmiicrt.] The firft Tuejday of Uy is always 0;‘» Cmitiorum, there called the Commencement; wherein lie >14'” »/ and the Dcihrs of all Faculties com- j'cit their Degrees relpeflively, and the Batthsdirt cf ylrts to theirs in Lint, beginning at jifirwtdntjday. As to that part of Government in this Univerfity, where- ly there is put a flop to extravagant Living, the Vice-Chan- ceilcr fometimes vilitsthe Tavernsand other publick Houfes i.i his osvn Perfon; but the Proftors do it very frequently, ir.d have power not only to punifli offending Scholars, by peuniary Mu!£h, or carry them to the Tcllath at his Plea- fee; but all'o to fine all fuch publick Houfes as entertain khoiars at unfeafonableHours, that is after eight in Win- ter, or nine in Summer; by which time they ought to be id in their relpeftive Colledges. For at thole times the Gates are lock’d ; and the Dean of tidi Colledge vilits every particular Chamber in the fame, ta fee if any Scholars be wanting, that there may be care liken both for difcoverfng and reforming all forts of Dif- tidtrs. Umhridg; lies in 51 Degrees, and 20 Minutes Northern latitude. Both tliefe Univeriities are placed two ealie days Journey from the Capital City of Londin, and about the lame di- fince from each other. Tliefe are the two glorious Fountains of Learning, to the lime whereof, Foreigners come on Pilgrimage to offer up Honour and Admiration; and yet even rhefe had lately been like to be dried up by the over-heated Zeal of fome igno- nnr Fanaticks. Tliefe are the chiefeft Store-houfes of letter’d Men, which to forth yearly a great number of Divines, Civilians, Pby- Icians, ire. to l'erve all Parts of this Kingdom. libjariejS,] After what has been faid of the Oar/wJ Li- mries, it may not be amifs to fay fomething concerning ™fe in this famous Univerfity, lo far as is conliftent with Mi intended Brevity. Every Ctlltgc and Ha!l in Cambridge has 464 HTbr P?trr,)t &U!f Part M has its Library like as in Oxford, ami excelling m i|i e f )I1; kinds of Books, Mmulcript anj Printed. iVe need IF tell over the Names of e.uli CnJicye in cr ier lo enurntr/ their Libraries, rim two of them well cdeive to be p i; cularly mentionM, ffirimtp/£oll(gf=JUbr t ir)>,‘| Which is the moflmagr; ticent Building ut its kind, in the three Kingdoms; at is daily mote and mote furniih’d with variety of o ct Books ; not to mention the great number of choice Jb nulcripts w hich are here picfcrv’d; among!} u-liicli, tf Codex Holmienjii, containing a great part of Orient i Wed in Grtik ; the Lpiftles of Sr. P. u./, fuppos’d to be svrit k f'emraile Bede ; Endain'i Pjalterinm Triplex' (being the me-: valuable Latin Plalter in England) ought ro be particular mention’d. But in 33 £nnfC€ollCgC- 3 Llbjarp] There is a molt valuik! Collettion of Manalcrepts, ami antient hint,-.i Both, gi ven by Matthew Parker Lord Archhilhop of Camtmrj i: the time of £>. Elizabeth- Thefe Books were coMcdot! of the Remains of the old Abbey. Libraries, and fron thole belonging to Colleges and Cathcaral-churthu, and do chiefly relate to the WJloryoj England, as may ealily be.feen the continual References which thole that mite on tbit Subieft, do make to it: Not that this Collefticn is defli- rute of Writings, or mod valuable Books in other Face!- ties; as witnefs the Four Gojpcls, and 'jumvtm, loth in Ca¬ pita! Letters, ClawiiM PrcibyUr in Matthatun, D. jimhji Hexdemron, & Origmes in Lttcarn, both in Umbardic Letters, belides Numbers of other icarce Manufcripts. Thefe, to¬ gether with fotne other Manufcripts formerly belonging to the learned Daniel Rcgerjini, ate contained in the Inner li¬ brary : Belides which, there is another in this College, to plenilh’d with Books cf both Sorts, Written and Printd, I had almoft forgotten to fay, th.it Atchbifliop Parbr took a particular Cate to collect all the Saxon Mnnttjtriflt , he could : And ’tis not unlikely, that he had the greateli Collettion of them, that was ever made by any one Mat' For now in this very Library, there is the fecond or the third heft Collefiion of them that is to be had ; the other two being in the Cottonian and Bodleian Libraries. And in both thefe, efpecially in the former, many of them tie known to have belong’d formerly to this mod worthy Pre¬ late ; and perhaps might have been bought amongll U r? J u nt( naltcry ol L. A N D. 46 f riii: Archbjlhops Secretary, mother parcel of Stxm M». ion ro the Archbilhop : diJ bequeath another large : very fjf.-ly pre- a or.Tin.i P.ipral Can in inJ a large part of the .Say¬ ers. I iris Library feems all: Among!! which are y Library-keeper, the Re¬ does very well c;;on a the anrient Monu- nitutt f'andiit, brought by r. and ttiven here ; as alfo r Gijpt. : and the Ads, taken Lyens, A. D. 1561. jjjrclenred rorhis Umvcrliry by Thadtre Biza, A. D. til. Till, Book is written in Greek and Latin, not long hr ihc Ai tur.i.Lian Minulcripc rn his Majedy’s Library j litlio’it dilicr, in Ibme places from the newer Copies, is ft 1J to agree very well with intuits and other antient cmt. Tile Reader may pleafe to ubferve, that All the Libraries 1,1 Oxftrd are Studying Libraries; and .ole of L.r.h’jrJ;/ (eacrp: that of Kinge-CiUege) are Lend- 'Liannes. Tan 1,, tie ran; is qualiii’d may borrow irot it any Hook time he wants. This now Teems to tr.e belt way of Jilpoling Libraries, Tor thereby, there lin'd, as is fecn in tile Unhirfsej and Sr. tries. Von are nordiilurb’d by any other yon, as often happens when the Books ::a.i;i:a . i\ur does chaining Bttkt entirely anfsver the J; liiCauleCarelels I'erTons will clap a chain’d Book In- Mi Wrong place : And a Tnicj will cut off the Book iiatmlanding the Chain, which alio Tpoils the Cover s’ it happen to preferve the Book. In Cai/.vt.ngf alio, the Scholars have Libraries furnifla’d raiding to their Abilities and Inclination; among ft which, thole of the Reverend and Learned Dr. Cow// Ma» fa of Chnji's-Citlige, and Mr. Langbitn above-mention’d* irltive a particular Encomium, in regard to the many rate Huufcripts, and Coins, therein contained. (ToftOman JUfyarp.] Since fo mucli has been fjiJ hour Libraria, perhaps thu curious Reader may expsh in the Noble Founder. Sit. Robot Ccttm (to whole diligent Care, Pain«, and Char¬ ge': we are beholden for it) was born A. D. rj70. and de¬ ceas’d A. D. 163a. Bv has lad Will bequeathing his great Fibre, and therewith his invaluable Library, (which lie had been Forty Years in collefHng.) to his Soil Sir 7 A«vMjCwir, and after his Dil'ceale, to his Grandlbn, the now Sir Jib Citum , who was then about ren Years old- Sir Rcferr in hi' Life-time fix'd it at his Houle in If)/. minjhr, by H'.JhnmJhr-Hall, which was formerly part of the Palace of the Kings of England ; and the Library (bands in that very place, which is thought to have been the pri¬ vate Oratory of King Edwardthe Cmjtflbr, the tail fas limy I'o fay) of the Englijh-daxou Kings- of the old Royal Lint. And perhaps, it might therefore by Sir Robert, be thought a proper Place for the Prel'ervation of fo many of their Au¬ thentic and Genuine Remains, as he had in the Courfeof his Life mod fortunately gathered together. The Library feems to have arrived almoft at its Heighrh during the Life of the Founder : For tho’ lome few Eoob have been lince given thereunto by particular Gentlemen in Token of their Gratitude for the Ufe they have made of it; and feme Books long wanting have been lately recovered-' yet thefe are but few, and conlidering the many Vatamwi (occalion’d, as ’ris thoughr, by lending the Books to thofe who were not fuflrciently careful to fee them fafely re- ftored) the Number is reputed to be much the fame, with what it was before. They are all Mmiftripts, and as they are now £«»»? together, are not many above a Thottfand. The SubjeS chiefly aimed at by Sir Robert, was the Hiftory of Englm, whereunto he was naturally inclin’d, and in which In came to be a great Malcer ; and confequently his Colle- Cions lean'll principally that way j tho’ he feems to 468 EEljc pjcftm feiatt ran 111 I base before (aid that his main Dtfign was the Wfr; # f England, in relation to which, his Hooks may be ranked under theli. Heads. 1 . Hillmies and Chronicles written on that Subjeft h Prof flu, together with orhet (hotter Annals wliich (mil as Attendants < n larger Pieces’ il. Kegiltei'limiks of the Monafleries, wirh their Hi. (lories, Annals, Benefaction Books, and infinite other Mu. iil. Original Charters and Indruments of our Kings, Bllhops, Nobility, o~c. IV. Oligina! Letters of our Kings, Queens, Royal Fa¬ mily, of otliei Sovereign Princes, our Nobility, Eminent Scholars, cj-c. V. Original lodruftions to Amballadors, ire. Petition'. Treaties, and Tranljtliom between England and thole o- titer Kingdoms and Republicks it had any Concern' VI. Originals and Tranlcripts of our Public Records. VII. Genealogies and other Treadles and Memoirs re- lating to all the liulinefs of Heraldry. Church Hijhrj i! England from the beginning of Chridianity here, to the time of King Jamn I el'pccially about the time of it: Dlfloliirion of Abbeys and the Reformation by King (fai¬ ry VIII and Edvard V\. VIII. Remains of the Learning and Piety of our ton Ancedors, in Books as well Saxon as La: m. In'S ums are many Chronicles of England , Laws of the Saxon King.', Rooks of Hr miles, Pieces of the Holy Scripture, Prayers, Tranllations of main Uiln Authors, Tranlcripts ofChar- rers, and many Originals, Glollaries, &c. of all which, Lind of thole in our other Eng.ijb Libraries,) a new Can- Jvgiiewill he fonn pubblh’d. In Latin are divers antient ami Curious Manufcripr>, l'uch as Books of the Holy Scrip ti re, Prayer-book' 6 c. belonging to our Kings, or other eminent Perlonages. Canons of the Councils, Antient Ri¬ tuals, Lives and Pall ions of the Saints, ire. (X. Other excellent Manufcript Hidories of other Natioi s either in Latin, ot in their Refpeflive Lan-' f X Other Books curious in themfelves, tho not apper¬ taining to the Hiftory or Affairs of England : Such asthe| fragments of the Gofpels in Greek, written all with Lei- Pjft l'l. of ENGLAND. ‘ 4*5, irnof Gild and Silver, which are thought to be the elded fit-rev nl Writing in England. The Book of lltwjii in owe King reputed to be the oldefi and mold magnificent Copy in World, the Samaritan I’entateuch, and many other Curi- tji Orient d Authors. XI- Grc.it Numbers of Original Bulls, Original ami Yah:- iMc Charters, Grants, ire. of the Antient and Modern Kings, li Ihrps, and Nobility of England, and of mod other Conn- treys in Europe, Sec. lying in the Drawers, and not fix’d into inr Books. Sir R'l’irt' Curt,™ had alfo a due Regard to Decency in the Dilpnlition of h>s Mannlciiprs ; placing the Head of me of the twclvj Rrn.v, Ctfirs over every let of Ihelves, finch gives the Name to that let, adding the Heads of Cieo. ;j:m Old after Dmitian : So that there are four- ten (rich lets. Belides the Heads, (which fesm to be Copi- tJlrom the Antique Starnes) ’tis Adorn’d with Piftures, ■«. Sir M-rt Corn™, Sir Thomas, and Sir John; Judge Dodds- Sir llo.ry Spciman, Mr. The. Mm, John Buchanan, Mr. CcsMoi, Sir W. Dugdak, Dr. Tho. Jama, and Mr. Ric. Jama, to: to mention the old Altar-piece antiently belonging to St. Bartbtlmtm Holpital ; with other antient and lnme choice P ifhires in the Houfe. To make his Library a Compleat Afagazine of Anriqui- lies, Sir Rabat procured alfo many of the Reman Law and Titihr Gods, w.apmt. Sec- and a very fine fee of Coins, Roman, Imilb and Saxon ; a guels at which may be made by a view of Speeds Chronicle, wherein all the Coins and Seals were mfrom the Originals dill extant in this fmall bur Noble 0 / tk refi of her Majejlfs Kingdoms, and Domini . mi, &C. Srotr A Fter England, the ancient Kingdom of Scotland 1 WD.J li. hath the Precedence, the chief Gnvernour whereof under her Majelly, is the Lord Higb-Cemmiflmser of blind, who, by that Title, enjoys the ordinary Power and Authority of a Vice-Roy, and is at prefenr his Grace the Bake of uenshry. H h 3 The 47 ° The next "'hereof is RnMi.y, who \ I n Other'Domi either for min \ tinder the Kim .'.'.or England. V vet ..fleeted Cljc p:ctfnt Sv.ate Part II], the Kingdom of Irflatlfl ; the Govern^' now rhe Kl^hc Honourable Laurence EarJcf \ by fh„ i TkIc of Lord Lieutenant, is ^ '"ions belong to the Queen of England, which iber of People, nr large extent, may as « e ]| line of Kingdoms, as divers Countries, which :> of tfw», have long enjoyed that Title, # V.iw.i/m, See. but our Kings have ne- me rsvelling Titles. Of Jcrft'V orJ. Guernfey. T IIF. next and niareflarc licr MajcRy’s tsvo fmall Klindt cf '■r.-fq and Gneri-I.y, lying near tile CoiR of F rani:, with tsvo lefltr, .1/unity and So »r, being the only Remaini of rite Dukedom of Ihimudj, now in her Majelly’s PoITtf lien ; in both of which generally is Rill retain’d the Frrni Tongue jjtrftp.] 7rr/rj', the biggeflof the two, tho’ not abort to Miles in circumference; is a moil fertile Soil, producing all kinds of Grain, and feveral forts of good Fruit, tfpeci- ally Apples, of which they make great quantities of Sider Tis well Rock’d with Cartel, particularly Sheep, furnilhing the Inhabitants with great flore of fine Wooll, which em¬ ploys moR of the poor in making Stockings, which in time of Peace were chiefly lent over into France, their neateS Here are rbree Companies of Foot, the firR is the Gover- nours own, the other two ate commanded by Major Han lii.uie, the Deputy Governour, and Captain Charles Manner- CibiKSoiWnment.] For the Civil Government of this Ifland, the principal .Officer next to the Govemour, is the Bailiff, Sir Edward Carteret ; and under him are twelve Ju- Rices, or Jurats, who, with the Bailiff, adminiRer JuRice, and determine all Caufes, and Contros’erfies, of above the value of too Crowns; other Petty Matters are decided by one' of thole Julliees; they can appeal to England to the Part III. Df ENGLAND. 4?I Q a;tn and Council: The ! eft Scit in the Illand is St. An:tin:, ng to Sir Edward Carteret. Gllfrnfcp.] The Illind cf Gw ah, lying about 20 Miles from the former, is well defended with Rocks, as tot much Id's in I pace, but is fomewhat ir.fenour in the richnefs of the Soil, which hath this rare Ojihty, that it nourilhes no venomous Creature in it. doth dtheni are furniflied with great variety of 1-ifli. Here are ;K Patilhcs in rhe Illand, the firh of which is St Peter's which is a very convenient and fafe Harbour for Ship- rjng, along the lldes of the Peer, which is curiouily paved, ii the ufu d Walk of the Inhabitants of the Town. One of hepleafinreft Seats in theifland is dc Granges, belonging to pxu Bnnviir EG); Another is St. .War /,;, belonging to Sir r irai Min', now Bailiff of the Illand, but the ancient Seat is a’ AmHvtL’i, belonging to Charles Andros lifq; Tire Right Honourable Chrilhplssr Lord Vifcount Matson ir her Majefts’s Governour here, who hath three foot Com¬ pares under ius command ; the uril ot which is his own, lit other nvo belonging to Captain Georg: Lsstleton the De- paty-Governour, and to his LorJIhip’s Brother, Captain The Government is in all refpefts.like that of Jerfey, by j Miff, who is Sir Edmund Andros, and twelve Jullices or ju- nn; they have alfo the fame Appeal to England, to the Queen mi Council. An Exact Catalogue of the BISHOPS of Eng¬ land ranked in their proper Order. D R. Thomas Tentfin, Lord Archbilhop of Canteiiurg. Dr. John Sharpe, Lord Archbilhop of Torh, Dt. Henry Compton, Lord Bilhop of London , and Dean of thi Chappel-Royal. Dt. Nathanael Crewe, Lord Bilhop of Durham, and Baron Crew of Stem. Dt. Peter Mew, Lord Bilhop of IVincheJhr, and Prelate of the ht.VAHiam Be aw, Lord Bilhop of Llandaff. Dt. William Lloyd, Lord Bilhoo of Wtrccjler, Lord Almoin". H h 4 Dr. Ofal ’ Lord IJilhop of Br.pt, Miller of Dr. Edward Jones, L n rd Rifliopof Sr Afaph. Dr. James G.v. Ajur, Lord IMhopof Lincoln. Dr. 'John inttiams, Lt.r.l hilltop of Chick per. Dr. milium Talk:, Lord lliihop of Oxford, Deal Dr. John Emms, Lord hilhop of Bangor. Dr. IViL'imN: c t!jj,i, Lord Bilhr,) of Carllflc. Theft are all Barons and Peers of the Ream in the Upper //»/.• 0 f Parliament, and in the U A Catalogue of all the Prel'cnt DEANS Provinces of Canterbury ami Yo M R. Witt. Price, Dean of Sr. Afaph. Dr. times. Dean of Bancor. Dr. Roycc, Dean of BriJIol. Dr. Hooper, Dean of Ctmtcrhoy. Dr. Grahme, Dean of c.ariijle. Dr, Fogg, Dean of C better.' Dr. Haylejr, Dean of ChitMer. Dr. Aldridge, Dean of C heps-Churth in Oxford. Dr. Montague, Dean of Durham. Dr. Lamb, Dean of Ely. Dr. Wake, Dean of Exeter. Dr. Jane, Dean of Glocejltr. Drj Tyler, Dean of Hertford. 47 ? jjrtlll. of ENGLAND. bjUi'eo, Dan of Litchfield. Dr, [Or, D :iii of Lincoln. fi P'd .tkx, Dean of Norwich, pf jet!■!«!', Dean of St. Paul's, London, y P niHv.. Dean of Peinbiriirb. tj: P.'.rJ:, Deni of Reeb'/hr. [)- r !»', Dmi of Salisbury Dr . Dean of HWr. Dr )-.rr.Bil!iO|) of lUcks/ler,Dan of Wefiainfier. Dr euhrt, Dean of Winchrfier. Dr !!< lard, Dean of IViudfor. Dr T.-iio-, Bill,op of Oxford, Dean of Wircijhr. Tie llnnsjrable Mr Pinch, Dean of Turk, r. LIST of lhe Members of both Houfcs of Convo- c;;cn, Summon'd to meet on the i yh Day of De¬ cember, 1701 . in the Glupter-Houfe at St. Paul’/ M from thence adjourned to Henry the Fit’s Cba- tdat Wellminfter, to the tyhof January follow. Site, Thofe which have this mark * before them were r: Members of the lajl Convocation. The NAMES of the Arch bijltop and Bfiopt ) Mem- ifi «j the Upper Houfe. Him: Lord Arch-bifliop of Canterbury. n'.ro Lord Bifliop «f Linden. f.'rr Lord liifliop of Winchejler. n'm Lord Bifliop of Uandaf. tf'iijm Lord liifitopof Worcefer. ~‘ :m ‘ Lord Bifliop of Rochefler. innhn Lord Bifliop of Exeter. Wtrr Lord Bifliop of Sarum. Bmphrey Lord Bifliop of Hereford. Lord Bifliop of Ely. fee Lord Bifliop of Litchfield and Coventry. i>k Lord Bifhop of Norwich. Richard 474 ffljc puffin &;.nc p Jri jj| Siciari Lord Bifliop of i'Geriormgh. Hxaard Lord Bifli->p of Ghe-fsjr.. Richard Lord Bi(ho|> of Bath anJ K'JI:. Jo hi Lord Bifliop of Bri[U. Id.ear d Lord Bifliop of Sr. Afaph. James Lord Bifhop of Linahi. John Lord Bifliop of ChicheJItr. Wiilim Lord Bifhop of Oxford. ' John Lord Bifliop of Bangor. To: NAMES of the Infaiour Chrgy } Mankri ; the Lower-llmijc. Cfurtcrburp. Geerge llmper D. D. Dean of Cmterlury. John Battelj, D.D. Archdeacon of Umcrhrj. The Honourable Leopold, < William hr.eh, D. D. /Brottor for the Chapter. * Thomas Green, D. D. I John Osk, A. M. j Pr ° a ° rs the Clergy. JlonDon. Wiliam Sb-.rUck, D D. Dean of St. Paul's. W.lliam b'.vi'ij, D.D. j I London. Roiere Corey, D. D. ( \Middlefesc, Charles Aijhm, D. D. } Ardid. of William Beveridge, D DA jCoUbcfltr. •Jclm Ole, A. M ' ( St. Albans. l!,nry odolphin, D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. ’ i'/iliiaa Cave, D. D. {* ’ iVil. Laneajler, D D f 1 r '-' a °“ fm rh ' Clergy. EMminftM:. Thmai Lord Bifliop of Rocbefler, Dean of Weflminder. Peter Birch , D D. Archd. of Wejlminfter. ’ Nich. Otilcy, D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. QRincljfiij fan hi. of E N G L A N D. CUmclKffer. i D; iff, D. I). Dean of H'mlk-fler. M», D. D. f Arclul. jmmhtjkr. tr. D. D. J of \Sunty. livii, D. D. Proflor for the Chapter. o J'ProAors for the Clergy. JLanOaff. bn'., I) 1). ArchJeacon of Landaff. . D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. '■ - 'In’13).' Cler /Ptoftors for the Clergy. 2 tto?ctllEr. I c rj Dilhop of Oxen, Dean of IVoriejltr. i J, A M. Archdeacon of WirctjUr. , i J.sxx:, D D. Proftor for the Chapter. fl A. M. 1 , . ■i M f Proctors for the Clergy. aKoctjeCer* 1 , l D D Dean of Ruhifier. i P i)ik, D D. Archdeacon of Rodifter. Da.-, de Brevml, D. D. Prottor for tile Chapter. ~'x t RHaA M j' Proaors for tlle Clergy. i Wnlu, D. D. Dean of Exctir. iVrar.t Like, D-D. 1 r Exittr. hurd&ravt, A. M. CArchd. \ctnmatt. btttis A::crbury, D. D. C of STotntl. H’J.iurr. R tad, A M- I ( Barum. ~mu Knife, D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. Unfslfi^A. M. }p«oa<>« Clergy. £&c p;ot<-m &tafe St jSaijiD'i. _ » viirairan. Edmwid Meyrick, A. JYI j ^ ro ^ or5 for the Clergy. j&alisburp, Rtbtrt Woodward, LL. Dean of Sarnm, Prolocutor JchphMJy, B.D. , LL. D. ( „ 'John Cory, B. D. J Proilors for the Clergy. john Tyler, D. D. Deinof Hereford, A'damOtely, D. D .7 Arclid. f Salop. Thomas Eon, A. M.J of XJlenford. Ruisard Buldey, D. D. Proftor for the Chapter, dec. L III. of ENG LAND. 477 $.itd)ficl& a no Cobra try. ' 1 D D. Dean of Liicbpeld, and Archdeacon -y C Darby. L.n.i. > Archil. ofsa'ra ' 1 D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. i i i \. M.} I>rnL ' tf ' IS for the Clergy. Qlolbcrljampton. 1 L. B. Proffer for the Chapter. i 3 o?toicl), ■ D- D. Dean of Ntrrcicb. ' D. D. i (Unmet, nmmd, D. D. (Arclid. UV/i/i. ' ■ : A. M. ( of \Suriiury. •. ideiux, D. D ) Isujclk. 1 !. D. I'roftor for the Chapter. ui.Jm D D.} I’roflors for the Clergy. r.nlFncrn.m D. D. Dean of Pcuritmt^h. '■M.h!.f, D D. Archdeacon of Ajr;/;.iwo/, s , hbUrJIm, D D. Proftor for the Clr."f>r tori™ Harroi;, D D. 7 u t t. a. jvi. 5 Proftors for the Clergy. Glorrfcr. l eais Jaw, D. D. Dean of Glec/Jhr. I .«J1 HmV, D. D. Archdeacon of Ghctlhr. KM D “*r. A. M. Proffor for the Chapter. .nGrtgorr, D.D. 7 „ 1 Mm Tlmnitn, A. M. } Pr ° a ° [s for the Clergy. 33atlj 478 JElie patent fctate p^u Satf) ano aiElLer. Ralph Bathur/l, M. D. Dean of Bath and Wills. • Edwin Sandyt, A M. 1 ,1^* £*»«■Arclld. of.) Tamm. WilliamClmtnt, Cler.J l Bath. Thomas Lejfcy, A M. Proftor fur tile Chapter. Henry Laying, A* M* “? ’ Richard Hill, A. M. 5 Pro£lors <°r 'he Clergy. Sjiffof. Gorge Rij'fe, D. D. Dean of Brifiol. Archd. of Dtrfet ; Kathaniel Ley, D. D. Proctor for the Chapter. Roger Maunder, D D. ? ’ joint Sleevcnfm, A. M. j Prohors for the Clergy. Sr.aifapi). Daniel Price, D. D. Dean of St -Afaph. Edward Lord Bilhop of St. Afaph, Arch, of St. Afaph •John Da-aiet, A. M. Proftor for the Chapter. Robert Wynne, D.D. 7 Maurice Vaughan, A. M. 5 " roa ° rs for the Clergy. Jlinroln. * RichardWiln, D. D. Dean of Lincoln. John Cawley, D D. -v (-Lincoln- Pyrm Eaten, D.D. / \LeictJlcr. * Waist Rennet, D. D.l Archd- JHmtittgton. John Gery, LL. D. r of JBucb. 'Jihn sktltm, A. M. \ (Bedford John Hutton, A. M. J ^Stew. * John lntt, D. D 7 John Mandeaiilt, D. D. 5 Proftors for the Chapter. ’John Evan:, A.M. 1 „ * The. Frank, A. M. 1 P '°A°'S for the .Clergy. Cf)icpt Lui; ofEMGLAND 479 0imHojUy, D. D. Dean of C hichifir. ;*i tltjdel, A. M. \ Archd- fChiektfier. IJiW Somhier, B, D. J of ( Lems, Hmj Edit, D. D. Proftor for the Chapter. Eat) Aldrich, D. D. Dean of Chrifi-Chmk [Mitj Hilton, DD. Atchdeacort of Oxford. jthHiammd, D. D Proftor for the Chapter. ^ huxc 2 ^'IProaors for the Clergy, Mm Mur, A. M. J ftango?. taut Uyi, A* M. j t*™“" difff Ftulkr, A. M. Proftot for the Chapter, kbtrt Morgan, A. M. I. kbtrt Morgan, A. M. f Pro a ors fo, the Clergy. Jih Wynne, A- M. S THO. TILLQT Cler. Dm. Super. Convocat. UH of the LORDS, and others of Her Ma* jtfi/smoft Honourable PtiV]/-Council- trk, Lord ns Royal Highnefs Prince George of A 1 High Admiral of England. . _ . OomafTimifin, Lord Archbifltop of Cenfrrfcir;. Si, /Mb' Wfck, Lord Keep« of the: Great Seal Sihy, Lord Godolfhin, Lord H.gh Treafurer. timi Eatl of Pednii, Lord PreMent. like Marquis of Semu^J, Lord Pnvy-Sta yyijjj^ 480 SClje $jefm &tate Part Hi. William Duke of Dcnsenflssre, Lord Steward of Her Mi. jefly’s Houlhold. Charles Seymour, Duke of Somcrjet , Great Mailer of the Horfc. James Duke of Ormond. Charles Duke of Bolton. Meinharde Duke of Schoenberg. Thomas Duke of Leeds. , , Rolen Earl of Lindfey, Lord Great Chamberlain of hg. Charles Earl of Carlijk, Earl Marllral. Edward Earl of 'Jerjty, Lord Chamberlain. Mbrty Earl of Oxford. Charles Eatl of Dorfet, and Middlesex. George Eirl of Northampton. Charles l ari of Mamhejler. Thomas Earl of Stamford. Charles Earl of Burlington. Charles Bodvile, Earl of Radnor. * Charles Earl of Berkley. Daniel Earl of Nottingham, Principal Secretary of State. Laurence liar) of Rochefta\ Lord Lieutenant of InUri T Montague-Venables Earl o{ Abingdon, Conftable of the Ralph Earl of Montague. John Earl of Marlborough. Richard Earl.of Scarbrough. Francis Earl of Bradford. Henry Earl of Romney. Richard Earl of Ranelagh. Thomas Lord Vifcount Weymouth. Henry Lord Bilhop of London. 'Thomas Lord Wharton. Robert Lord Lexington. ! Villiam Lord Dartmouth. Robert Lord Ferrers. Thomas Loti.Coningsby. Henry Boyle, Efq; Chancellour of the Exchequer. Sir Edward Seymour, Bar. Comptroller Peregrine Bertie, Efq; Vice-Chamberiain. Sir Charles Hedges, Principal Secretary of State. Sir John Ltvcfin Gower, Chancellor of the Dutchy of £.«• Sir Holt, Lord Chief Jnftice. Sir 4 8 ) jrtHF. of ENGLAND. Sir ’Id'u Trevor, Maftcr of tlie Rolls. Sir 'lhomai Trevor, Lord Chief Juftice, Junes V.ruon, Efq; JAn Smith, Efq; /torn, Efq; Granville, Efq; Clerks in Ordinary. h.t'Uhn hhchohi, Knight of the Bath. Blaihwait, Efq; yl:n Povi)\ Efq; Eward Southwell, Efq; Chrippher Mufgrave, Efq; 'Junes Vernon Junior, Efq; /srakoin Simian, Efq; Rohr! Yard, Efq; Keepers of the Council-Chamber. Richard Colinge, Elq; X c , , John Cox, Efq; J Sa,ar y W each S o/. Clerks of the Signet. Sir Jth Echhs, Knight of the Bath. Eitholas Maurice, Efq; Sir Wiliam Trumbull, Knight. John Gauntlet t, Efq; George IVoodlm, Gent. Deputy. Mr. Fountain, Office-keeper. "An Marquis of llormanby^ Lord PtiVy-Seal. Clerks of the Privy-Seal. Thimai Gtjlirt, Efq; Sir George Piers, Baronet. George Sawyer, Efq; Henry Ludlow, Efq; Mr. 'john Tench, Deputy. Mr, Fountain, Office-keeper. A 48 * EheJ^cfent jbtote Part ml A Lift of che prefent Nobility of England, accor¬ ding to their refpeftive Precedencies. 'PRince Gorge of Dtnmark, Duke of Cuwitrlud, bxl 1 High Admiral of England. Great Officers, Wht take Platt tf all Dnkttmttf tit Riji B ind, txctpt Princt George tf Denmark, wit hath Pm dtntt h a ipteial AS if Parliammt. Sidntf Gtdtlphin, Lord Gtdtlphin, Lord High-Treafurao England. Sit Nathan Wright, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal d England. Thtmai Htrktrt, Earl of Ptmlrtkt, Lord Prelident of tin Council- Jthn ShtjftU, Marquis of Ntmankj, Lord Privy-Sed 0 tkrDuku 16, tuii Dmcbtjftt u rbmat Homard, Duke of Mrftlk, Hereditary Eail-Matlk of England. Note, Tit Dukt tf Norfolk hath Prtudtntt, mt unit tj bit Crti titn, hut likntiftiit rtfptStf hitOffct : Andtht Dtit l Deyonflurertk; Platt fir the lafl Rtaftn nig. William Cavtndijh, Duke of DtvtnP>iri, Lord Steward t the Queen’s Houlhold. Barbara f'illitn, Dutchels of Clevtlaad. Itnift it Slfiryuallt, Dutcheli of Ptrtjmatb. Charltt Unit, Duke of Richmtnd. Charlti Fitz-Rty, Duke of Smthamptm. Charltt Fitz-Rn, Duke of Grafttn, Jamtt Butltr, Duke of 0 round. Htnr/Smrjtl, Dutc of Bnufirh Gttrge Pitz-Rty, Duke of Ntrthumitrland. Charltt Btauclair, Duke of St. Allans. faad Part III. of E N G L A;N D. 483 f.tz-'jamcs, Duke of Bcrmck. Kite; Duke ot Bolton. (of theEmpire. x.r.iir.i: scbanberg. Duke of Scbanberg and Lcinftcr Count i Dl ha of Shrewsbury. U.tj me, Duke of Leeds. Rnfl, Duke of Bedford. sLids, Duke of N.acaftlc. Marquefs i. Herbert , Marquefs of Pams. O.-j.r Gnat Officers aha take Place ef all of their Degree. iter! Bertie, Earl of Uni fey. Lord Great Chamberlain of England. [i.T.’f; Hazard, Earl of Carlijlc, Earl Martha! of England during tile Minority of the Duke of Norfolk, lur.i hiliert, Earl of Jerfey, Lord Chamberlain of the Houlhold. Earls 6j. and Countefles 2. Lry Je I crc Earl of 0 xford. bi.r.y Grey Earl of Kent. Stanley Earl of Deriy. p Uanncri Earl of Rutland, i Hajlmgs Earl of Huntingden. raa; Herbert Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. P Clinton, Earl of Lincoln. pi Hazard Earl of Suffolk. 'f'.et Sackville Earl of Dorfet and Middlefcx. .KiE’crton Earl of Bridgaate Sidney Earl of Leieejler. e l! Eure Lord Eure. xo: IVnai ton Lord Wharton. [( mUoughb, Lord mtloughby of Parham, rum Paget Lord Paget. "■til Howard Lord Howard of Effingham. North Lord North and Grey of Rollejlon. "at Bridges Lord Chandos. ii't Cary Lord Huvfdon. Wt Petre Lord Pitre. 486 Eljc JBjcteiU g)tatc Part III, C-'itrlci Gerard Lord Gerard , of Gerard's Bromiy. Thomas Arundel Lord Arundel of WarJour, Count of the Em* Lady Katharine Williamfon Baronefs CUftm. Henry Roper Lord Tenham. Foufk Grevil Lord Brook. Ralph Grey Lord Grey of Warl. John Lovelace Lord Lovelace. Lady Johnlon, liaronefs Wentworth. John Pawlet Lord Pawlet of Hinton St. George. Banefler Maynard Lord Mainard. Charles Howard Lord Howard of Ejcricl;. Charles Mohan Lord Mohun. Thomas Wentworth Lord Raby. Thomas Leigh Lord Leigh. Thomas Jcrmyn Lord Jermyn. William Byron Lord Byron. John Vaughan (Lari of Carberie) Lord Vaughan. Charles Carrington Lord Carrington. William Wlddrington Lord VViddrington. . Pehn Coitpeper Lord C olepeper. Robert Lucas Lord Lucas. Lewis Watfiu Lord Rockingham. Robert Sutton Lord Lexington. Marmaduke Langdale Lord Langdale. William Berkeley Lord Berkeley. Charles Cornwallis Lord Cornwallis. Kaihanael Crew (Bifhop of Durham) Lord Crew. Mary Grey (Counrd’s of Kent) Earonefs Lucas of Crudmll. John Arundel Lord Arundel of Trcrice. VVtlliam Craven Lord Craven. Hugh Clifford Lord Clifford of Chudleigh. Peregrine Osborn Lord Kiveton. Snlasma lortrey Baronefs Bellafyfc of 0 fgodby. John Carteret Lord Carteret. Charles Bennet Lord OJfulffon. William Lrgg Lord Dartmouth. William Stawell Lord Stawell • Francis Worth Lord Guilford. Usury Jermyn Lord Dover. James Waldegravt Lord Waldegraw. Edward Griffin Lord Griffin. Hugh Cholmondley Lord Cholmondley. Him Ajhburnham Lord Ajhburnham. 0" 487 part III. of ENGLAND. 11 ’ r Lord Umpfer. Butler Lord fVtflm. if.,.-, H-.<-itr! Lord Herbert of Clotrbury. 'llr.Mm Lord Haverjham. Lord Soontrt. r l'ant Lord Barnard. (. irl:: Montague Lord Ha’.lifan. tfmc List of the Knights, Citizens, anti Bur- getTes of the prefent Parliament, which met at ffeftminfter the ]ctb of December, 1701. Note, Thofc which have this Mark * before them, we not Members of the lafi Parliament. 33e0f0?0d)irr fend; 4 Members. T HE Right Honourable lard Borough of Abingdon. Edward Rulfel. Simon Harcourt £/?; William Goftwick, Kt. id Bor. J3UC&0, t-V Teton of Bedford. ’ William Farrer, Efc Hon. Goodwin Wharton £/}; William Spencer, Eft; f Robert Dormer Eft; Town of Buckingham. ftrrkjS, 9. sir Richard Temple Bar. Sir Edmund Denton Bar. John Stonhoufe Bar. Borough of Chipping - Wi. t cliard Nevill Eft]-, comb. through ef New-Windfor. Charles Godfrey Eft; "n.tr.H ob.J ohn L.ITfcA-iu- Fleetwood Dormer Eft; larding. Borough of Ailesbury. Richard Topham Eft; Sir Thomas Lee Bar. Borough of Reading. Tioe Hon. James Herbert E/ft; ‘Anthony Blagrave Eft; Btrwph tf Agmomlelhiim. ■Tanfeild Vachell Eft; Hot Rt. Ron. William Lord Borough of Wallingford. Cheyne,/r/ceim( Newhaven. IFilliam.lennens Eff, John Drake Eft; Llamas Renda Eft; 1 Ii 4 B»- 488 glje $!cfent Estate Brnugh if Wendover. Richard Hampden /■- 7; * Richard Crawley Iff, Borough of Great-Marlow, Sir James Etheredge Kt. James Chafe Eff, Partlli, Borough of Truro. Robert Cotton, Kt. Henry Vincent E/y; Bornizb of Bodmin. The Hut. Ruffe] Roberts fii: I John Hoblyn Ejf, Borough of Helfton. «fambzi0ge(5irc, <5. \7k II, it. Francis Godolplii; I f-k The Rt. Hon. John Lord Cutts,; Sidney Godolpli in Eff, Baronof Goran. Borough of Salralh. Rufhout Cullen Bar. Benjamin Buller Eff, Univerfitj of Cambridge. The Hon. Henry Boyle Eff, * Ifiac Newton Eff, Town of Cambridge. Sir John Cotton Bar. Sir Henry Pickering Bar. Cfjefljirr, 4. Sir John Manwaring Bar. Sir Robert Cotton Kt. and Bur. City of Chefler. Sir Henry Bunbury Bar. Peter Shakerley Ejf, ‘ Cojntoall, 44. The Hon. John Granville Eff, James Buller Eff Bo rough of Dunhi'.'id, alia; Launcedon. JbiX'.Hon. Henry Lord Hyde. William Cary Eff, Borough of Leskard. William Bridges Elf, * Thomas Dodfon Eff, Borough of LelfwithieK ■ Th; Hon . George Booth Elf, . Sir John Molylworth Kt. and John Williams, Eff, Bar. 1 * John Hickes, Eff Thomas Caretv Ejf, Borough of Cimelford. Henry Manaton Eff, i Dennis Glyn Ejf, rough of Portpigham, o!,t Welllow. ie Rt. Hon. Richard Eirl Ranelagh. James Kendal, iff Borough of Crampond. William Scasven, K:. Francis Scobell, Eff, Borough of Eailiow. Henry Seymour, Bar. George Counnay,E|»; Borough of Penryn. Samuel Trefufis, Ejf, Alexander Pendarvis, E \; Borough of Tregony. The Hon. Fit. Robarts, li/|; Hugh Fortefcue, Eft/; Borough of BoRiney. Sir John Molefwortli, and Bar. * John Manley, Eff Borough of St. Ives. Sir John Hiivles, Kt, James Praed, Eff, Borough of Foway. PartIH. cf ENGLAND. ^89 Brough of So. German. 'Richard Edgcombe, Eh; Rat)’ Fleming, Ehj; trough of St- Michael. [.Richard Vyvyjn, Bar. 'William Courtenay, Ely; B«-ongt: of Newport. 'William Foie, E/f, 'John Spark £% Brough 0/ St. Miwes- i’Jofeph Tredenhain, Kt. |:hTrcdenham, Eh, hc«z!i cf Callington. SiTi'Jel Rolle, Eh; Kelt Rolle, Efj; CuinbcrlanD, 6. ’F-EJw. Hafell, Kt. forge Fletcher, Efcj; C::j of Carlille. fa:li;i Howard, Eli;; |aaaes Losvther, E% ht:gh c/Cockermouth. William Seymour, Eft; Ho. Lamplugh, Eff, ©rrtpfijirc, 4. ‘ Thomas C< ke, E/1/; 'John Curzon. £/yj To mi if Derby. 'Jsb Hatpur, £ty; J: Rijhr Honourable the Lord Janies Cavendilh. ■Drboitfire, 1$. Borough of Tornefs. Sir Chriftnpher Mulgtave,®. and liar. Thomas Cottlfon, E/y; Borough of Plimouth. The Honourable Charles Tre- lawney, E\f * George Saintloe, E/y; ‘ Maynard Colchcller, E fr Borough of Melcomb-Regis. Sir Richard Cocks, Bar. “ * Sir Chritlopher Wren, Kt. city of Gloucefter Anthony Henley, E/?; ' The Right Hon. James bti Borough of Ur id port. Vifcetml Durdey. Alexander Pitfield, E/y; ’John Hanbury,E/y, William Guefton, E/y; Borough of Cirencefter Boroughof Shafton, alias ' William Mailer, Efy; Shaftsbury. Charles Cox, E/y; Edward Nicholas, E/y; Borough (/"Tewksbury * Sir John Cropley, Bar. Richard DoddeAvell, E/y; Borough of Wareham Edmund Bray, E/y; Thomas Erie, E/y; George Pitt, E/y; Borough of Corfe-Caftle ^ErrfO^OfljirE, 8. John Bankesi E/y; Richard Fownes, E/y; Sir John Williams, Kt. Henry Gorges, E/y; iSurljain^. City ./Hereford. Thomas Foley, Efy; LyonelVane, E/y; The Hon. James Bridges, E/y; William Lambton, E/y; Borough of Lrmfjier City of Durham The Right Hon. Thomas Liri The Hon. Charles Mountague, Conningsby. E/y; Edward Harley, E/y; Sir Flenry Bellafyfc, Kt. Borough of Wtate Part II Borough of Andover Southampton, ad. ; The Right Hon. John w ! E fr. Thomas Jervoife, E/y; ’ * Francis Shephard, EW Richard Chaundler,E/y; City of Winchefler | StdffOjDfljire, Ic. Tin Rt. Hen. Lord William I l’awlet. \ The Hon. Henry Paget, If George Rodney Bridges, E/y; ! Edward Bagort, E/y; Tovu of Southampton j City of Litchfield ■ Adam Cardonel, jun. HJtj ; Mitford Crowe, E/y; Toa u of Portlinouth Sir George Rooke, A'r. JohnGiblbn, E/y; Birnj’n if Yarmouth Henry Holmes, E/y; Anthony Morgan, EJy; Borough o/’Peterslield * Robert Mitchel, E/y: Richard Marks, E/y; Borough of Newport, alias Medena •Edward Richards,E/y; James Stanhope, E/y; Boroughof Stockbridge •ErederickTilney, E/y; • Anthony Burnaby, E/y; Borough of Newtown Thomas Hopfon, E/y; •Jofeph Dudley, E/y; Borough of Cnrift-church William Etterick, E/y; Francis Gwyn, E/y; Borough of Lymington Thomas Dore, E/y; Paul Burrard, E/y; Boroughof Whitchurch Richard Woolafton, F/y; •John Shrimpton,E/y; ;‘Sir Michael Biddulph,E j-, Richard Dyott, Efy; Borough of Stafford Thomas Foley, E/y; •John Perfhal, E/y; Bmugh if Newciftle under Line The Rt. Hon. Sir John Levefo Gower, Bur. Rowland Cotton, E/y; Boroughof Tamworth The Hon. Henry Thynnt, £J j Thomas Guy, £/y; Suffolk, id. ( The Right Hon. Lyonell Earh SirSamuelBarnadiffon, hr. I .Borough o/Tpfwich. | Charles Whitaker, krH i | jiffs Serjtaul at Law. ; ’ Richard Philips, £/y; I Borough of Dunsvich. I Sir Charles Blois, Bar. i Robert Kemp, £/y; I Borough of Orfori. j Sir Edmund Bacon, Bar. | Sir Edward Turner, $t. I Borough of Aldborough. Sir Henry Johnfon, Kt. Williamjohnfon, Ej yi fart III. of ENGLAND. 49y {trough of Sudbury. Borough of Horlham. Sir Gcrvas Llwes, Bar. Henry Yates, Efo; 'Jofepli Haskinftiles, £/ ?; ’ John Wicker, EJr, Btnugb of Eye. Btrough cj Midhurft, Spencer Compton, John Lewknor, Efq; t'?;, Lawrence. Alcock, £A; Sirjcieph Jekyll, Kt. Borough o / Lewes, fctaji oj St. Edmondsbury. Thomas I'ellwm, Efq-' I'-" Harvey, i'/o ; • Henry Pelham, E fa- ‘ Sir Thomas Eelton, Bur. Borough of New-Shoreham. Charles Sergil'on, Eja ; @urrcp, t4. ' Nathanael Gould, Efq; Borough of liramber.’ Si Richard Onflow, Bur. Jcim Werlon, Efq; Mifh nf Southwark. Charles Coxe, EJj;_ John Cliolmley, Efq; Borough cf Blechingley. Sir Edward Grelham, Bur. John Ward, % Borough of Ryegate. Sirjolin Parl'ons, Kt. Stephen Harvey, Efij; Borough oI Guilford. Denzil Onflow, Efq; Morgan Randyll, EJq; Borough if Gatton. Francis Conway, EJa; Thomas Owen, Eja; Bmi$ if Steyning. CiiarJes Goreing, EJq • f Sir Robert Fagg.fior. Borough of Eafl-Grinfled. ' T f- Bt.Hou. Lyonell Earl o Orrery. John Conyers, EJq; Borough of Arundel!. John Cooke, Efq; ’ Carew Weekes, EJq; Qtartoichfljite, 6. s J“ r 4 ,s ’ Sir John Mordaunt, Bar. Afourice Thompfon, Sit Charles Shuckburgh, Bar , r,, „ City of Coventry. Borough «, Haflemere • Edward Hopkins Eh: ■toge WoodroUe, £/,; Sir Chriftopher Hales.tr; Oeorge Vernon, % (/ Warwick, j.K’f Hon. F'rancis Grevile, Eh; ao. 'The Hon. Algernoon Grevile, Sir William Thomas, 8a 'Sit Henry Peachy, Kt. City of Chichefler. John Miller, Efq; William Elfon, Efq; Sir Richard Sandford, Bar. Henry Grahame, Efq; 496 EClje Picfcnt &tate PartlJ Borough of Apulby. Hon. Gems I'ierrepoint, E/y;' Whatton Dunch, E/y; gltiltfljire, 34- rtf Hon. Maurice A’fhley William Afli, %; City of New S'arum Charles Fox, E/y; Robert Eyre, E/yj Boroughof Wilton. * Sir Henry Alhurfl, Bar. John Gauntlett, E/y; Borough of Downeton. * Sir James Alb, Bar. Carew Rawleigh, E/y; Borough of Hindon. George Motley, Efy, * Reynolds Calthorpe, E/y; Borough of Heytesbury. Sir Edward Ernie, Bar. Edward Alhe, E/y; Borough of Weftbury. * Thi Honourable Henry Ber¬ tie, E/y; The Honourable Robert Bertie, Efy, Borough of Caine. ’ Henry Blaake, Efy, * Henry Chiveri, E/9; Borough of Devizes. Sir Francis Child, Kt. *John Methwen, £/y; Borough of Chippenham. ThiRight Hen John Lord Mor- daunt* Walter White, E/y; Borough of Malmsbury. The Right Hon. Sir Charles Hedges, Kt. Principal Secre¬ tary of State. Edward Panncefort, E/y; Borough of Cricklade* Edmund Dunch, Efy, Sir Stephen Fox, Kt. Borough of Great-Bed win; Francis Stonehoufe,£/y; f Michael Mitford, Mmi Borough of Lurgerllul. Edmund Webb, Efy, John Webb, Efy, Borough of Old Sanaa, William Harvey, E/y; Charles MompelTon, Efy, Borough of Wootton-Baffe Henry St. John, E/y; * Thomas Jacob, E/y; Borough of Malbofough, I ' Robert Yarde, i/y; | JohnJeffreys, E/y; ®o?relferff)ire,9. * William Bromley, E/y; Sir John Packington, Kt.' City of Worcelier. Samuel Swift, E/y; Thomas Wylde, Efy, Borough of Droitwich. Charles Cocks, Efy, * Edward Foley. E/y; Borough of Evemaffl. Sir James Rulhout, Sir, * Hugh Parker, E/y; Borough of Bewdley. Salway Winnington, Efy, $o?MIjire, 39. The R .Hon. Arthur iW Viftta Irwin. The Right Hon. Thomas Bn Fairfax. Ci Part III. City of York. ’ Tobias Jenkins, £/y; . Sir William Robinfon, B,i. . Tottu cf Kingfton upon Hull. Sir William St. Quirjtin,Bar. William Maifters, Eff, Borough of Knaresborough. Robert Byerly,£/qi; Chriftopher Stockdale, Eff, Borough of Scarborough. Sir Charles Hotham, Bar. ' William Thompfon, Ef/; Borough of Rippon. John Aiflaby, Eff, * John Sharpe, Eff, Borough of Richmond. Thomas Yorke, Ejf, 'John Hutton, Eff, Borough of Heydon. ‘Sir Robert Hildyard, Bar. Anthony Duncombe, Eff, of ENGLAND. 497 Borough ot Horoughbrtgg. The Right Hon. Sir Hem Goodricke, Bar. Sir Bryan, Stapylton, Bar. Borough of Malton. Sir William Strickland. Bar, William Palmes, Eff, Borough of Thtrsk. Sir Godfrey Copley Bar. C: - Thomas Frankland, Bar. Borough of Aldborough. Robert Monckton, Eff, Cyrille Arthington, Eff, Borough of Beverley. Sir Michael Warton, Kt. " William Gee, Eff, Borough of Northallerton. Sir William Hufler, Kt. " Daniel Lafcelles,% ; Borough of Ponteftaft. Sir John Bland, Bar. * William Lowcher, £/yy Bar on i of the Cinque -Ports, 16. Port of Hafiings. |0hn Pulteny, £/yj I ’John Moniiflier, th Term of Winchelfea. 'Robert Auftcn, Eff, 'John Hayes, Eff, Tom, of K ye. ’Thomas Fagg, iff, Weph Offley, Eff, 7i» n 0/ N ew-Romney. p Brewer, %; Edsvatd GoulRon, Efc . Port of Hyeth. . ir Philip Boteler, Bar. Kin Boteler, Eff, Port of Dover. Matthew Aylmer, £/y; Philip Papillon, Ejf, Port of Sandwich. * Sir Henry Furnefe, Kt. 'Sir JamesOxenden, Kt. and Bar. Port of Seafood. * William Lowndes, £/?; * Thomas Chowne, Efa 498 Etif^jctau {State Part III, WALES, 24. ataglcfep, 2. T ill Right Hon. Richard Lord Vifmttt Bulkeley- Borough of Beawmaris. * Robert Bulkeley, Eft; 23?econ, Sir. Rowland Gwynne, Kt. Town of Brecon. Sir Jeffrey Jeffreys, Kt. CarDigan, 1. * Lewis 1’ryfe, Efq; Town of Cardigan. * Henry Lloyd, Efq; Carraartl)en,i. * Gtiffifth Rice, Eft]-, Town of Carmarthen. Richard Vaughan, Efq; Carnarban, a. Tht Hon. Tho. Bulkeley, Efq j Town of Carnarvan. Sir JohnWynne.A'r. andBur. ©cnbigli, a. Sir Richard Myddleton, Bar. Town of Denbigh. Edward lirereton, E/a; , flint, 2 . * Sir Roger Moflyn, Bur. Town of Flint. * Sir John Conway, Bar. ©fanio^gan, 1. Thomas Manfell of Margjo, Efq ; Town of Cardiffe. ’ Thomas Manfell of Britton Ferry. Efq; spErionetlj, r. Richard Vaughan, Ely; ffDontgomerp, 1. Edward Vaughan, Efq; Town of Montgomery. John Vaughan, Efq; Jdemb’okr, 3. Sir Arthur Owen, Bur. Town of Haverford-Wed. William Wheeler, Efq; Town Pembroke. Sir John Philips, flat. ' Kaonoj, 1. Thomas Harley, Efq; Town of New Radnor. The Hon. Robert Harley, Efr, Sftuker. Mi. of ENGLAND. A LIS 7 * of the Officers and Gentleman ef her Majeft/s ChapptLRyal. J Eery Lord BiQiop of lanim, Dean. Board-Wages 100 /. per Am/m, |M Almoner, William Lord Bilhop of WerfeSer. fill ialpb Battel, Sub-Dean of her Maiefty’s ChappeL 1 and Sub-Almoner. (try Eight Chaplains in Ordinary, vailing in their Menths. March. p Menard, b. Bentley. bSmoult. Maple. r April. I. Mills, b Bradford. Young. Cunlhr. . May. b Haley. b.Resbury. I Aldridge. ^.Wake. Jew. I. Sherlock. ^Linford, kilnet. k Herne. July. Heskird. k Willis. We sketh. Hi Janies. ito/'™'- k Mandeville. k Charlotte, otton. Or. Manningham. Mr. Adams. Or. Edwards. • Dr. Brabant. Othber. Dr. Felling. Or. Hickman. Dr. Tulley. Dr. Atterbury. November. ■ Dr. Verney. Dr.filackhall. Sir William Dawes,BardM). Dr. Stanhope. Dr. Blackbourn. Dr. Royfe. Dr. Freeman. Dr.Wickatt. January. Dr. Lamb. . Dr. Hooper. Dr, Nurfe. Dr. Brady. February Dr. Tyler. ' Mr. Whitfield. Dr. TrimnelL Mi. Fleetwood. joo SCbe piefcnt gftate Part 111, Gentlemenof the C b.if pci. Mr Edward Cradock, Clerk Mr.Samuel Bentliam. of the Cheque. Mr. Moles Snow. Mr. Nathanael Watkins. Mr. John Howell. Mr. John Goodgroonie. Mr. Charles Barnes. Mr. Thomas Richardfon. Mr. Alexander Damafcent. Mr. James Hart. Mr. Daniel Williams. Mr. Andrew Trebeck. Mr. John Church. Dr. William Turner. Mr. Thomas Linacre. Mr. John Gollling. Mr. Thomas Jennings. Mr. Leonard Woddefo. Mr. Thomas Edwards- Mr. Nathanael Veftment. Mr. William. Walhbourn. Their Salary 73 1 each per An. and the Sub-Dean the fame. Mr- John Radflijje, Confeflor to the Houfhold, and Gentle¬ man of theChappel. Dr. John Blow, Mailer of the Children, and Organift; for each of which- he receives 14 !• per Annum Salary. Mr .Francit Piggit, Organifl. Salary Til. per Annum. Ten Children if the Chappel, viz. Bernard Gates. James IMeton. Henry Silvefter. Jofias Prieft. Matthew Benfon. Henry Franks. Nathanael Prieft. Edmond Baker. William Govadking. Jervafe Deane. Clerks of the Clofet in Commiflion, Dr William Ghrsm, Dean of Carlifk, Dr. JohnTounger, Dr. Samuel Pratt. Mr, Gilbert Thornbreugh, Clofet-Keeper. Mr. Bernard Smith, Organ-Builder. Henry Parker, EfqjSerjeant. Salary (SI. lot. 16d. J .J Board-wages 66 /. 3 r- 1 d. I, ‘ (oftlt Marm.Alford, Yeom'. Sal. j/ Board-wages4.9 1 1 qt.y'fl Matthew Fayrlace, Groom. Sal- 45 l. 1 1 i 6 d. * William Samplen, Bell-Ringer. Salary rj /. 4 s. Board- wages r? /. 4/. i d. Matthew Shellej, Organ-blower- Board-wages 10/. partlll. of ENGLAND. A Lip of her Majeft/s Houjhold Officers and Servants attending in the feveral Offices below Stairs, under the Command of William Duke of Devonflu're, Lord Steward ; together with their reffedhe Sa¬ laries and Board-wages. He Officers of the Board of Green-Cloth. , SUftttr«CaffflDffiC£W. Waffs** ^Burd-wagti. W illiam, Duke of Devon-’) jhire, Lord Steward off too eo oo 1360 00 00 her Majefty’s Houthold. J bmit, Earl of Bradford-, Trea-? furer. Sir Edward Seymour, Baroner,' Comptroller, Sir Bmjamin Baihttrjl, Cofferer,— Mailer of the^ ^ >107 17 otf toga 01 ofi Houfliold, - 13 04 413 o$ 08 Clrrtts of tijc Ct^cm-CIotl). Hi William Forreder, Knight,—" 44 0608' 455 A.'/.'mr Rowe , Efq;- — 44 0 6 08 475 tiurltl Sc.nbtroxi, Efq; - ■ 44 06 08 45 j Urord Griffin, Efq;-— 44 0 6 08 47; I .. Jctompting-^onft. tnhfGarnham, Yeoman, ■ ■ 07 00,00 73 Ccir/.J Mngan, Yeoman, - 07 0- Ciferf Thornburgh, Groom, Sham. 13 04 13 04 13 04 13 04 01 13 84 13 04 13 04 'tiffin, Meffenger, • i- 2 - iBake-IBoufr, JbiCWe, Yeoman, — - - 07 00 00 \hoardBall, Groom, — — - 02 1} 04 \Hiliam Walton, Groom, - - ’ • oa 13 04 K k 3 3 . $sn- Rickard Daltm, Yeoman, JadrevTofts, Yeoman, • Janet Herman, Yeoman,- Jifiae Peulter, Gent, and Yeoman, 05 00 00 45 °° Piter Berry, Yeoman, ——-— 01 13 04 37 •» CieiraiRiupcl, Groom, . i — i '. i oa 13 04 37 08 10. ^LaunDitCs. pitateth Gwtheyifir— -— 10 oa 00 100 m ii. Sitctjm. Jamie Clarke, Efg; Chief Clerk — 44 06 06 105 13 Henry Inman, iff, id Clerk,— 11 08 oil 13811 patritilami, Efq; Mafter-Cook, 11 08 oi| 138 » ifhn FtvtraB, pfg; id M^«iCqok, cj po 00 +5 « Hntfjf nrkt, Groom,-__ n , ,, n . ,, ^ .7>oul,-rp,W S rfr P ^r 02,3 ° 4 3?0 * lerp and 3ttuooparD. Wm Price, Clerk,_ 1 _ ! _ Alexander Grettm, Clerk,—_____ 18. £cullfr>>. hill. of ENGLAND. |:o. I&tyffro at ti)£ ©ate. !•] Rainsfoni, iifij; Serjeant, — n og oii Wiiti, Yeomarf,«sfia— / 0 o oo a&ntin, Yeoman, -- t 00 oo MMWirAbtm, Groom, —a r j 0 . tiibrjttt, Groom, -2 jj 04 trla Stager, Groom, —-. j , T 0 ? n. jjMrbingero. ’ ibRiche, Gentleman,-ir off oil iSro, the likei —— * -- .Yeoman, — - 1 .. j 6o oj) a. Carta&trjff. wi Kilmaim, Yeoman, - j 0 o 00 lim Miimlin, Yeoman, ■■ y 00 00 MArkr, Groom, ~__ 2 !! =3. ailmonO^ * {.Smurf, Yeoman,-j 00 00 |rci/ Whitten, Groom,-- 2 ,3 Chil¬ ls Evirall, Daily-Waiter, - Till' •lUuij, Daily-Waiter,—- 2 it 00 Philipps, Daily-Waiter,- , ,, ifcnight $arfl)al and 9 arfljar# S^en. tfb.MAews, Kr. Marital, — . hlijlir, Provoft Mfrlhal’s Man, fc?ii/«r BuJIard, the like,- mil Bin, the like, —- kBirlrff, the like, ■ ■ - kjppltly, like, --- the like,— Per Annum, Wages. Btariwagts. 37 oS 08 37 06 08 8 § a a s 8. s 8 8. a 8 Sfc gjeTent frtate Rdrrf mitt, Coroner, - . - 6 13 04 is. $ttiVfbeam0. 1 2 00 00 7efeph Richard blit - ■ ■ ■ 1 00 00 29. aUiU««takn#. Edward Parftnt, —— —-— 2 13 04 Voder Spitfmaher, -- — 2 13 04 Jeeti Abhadic, .1 ■ — —- 2 13 04 - --- 30. aauu-pojttw. Two,-—4 00 00 31. Vurncorit at SUn. Edward ]nv ■ ■ » ' 32. XMI-XUngtr ttyxt- math. Llcjd, —-- Poulterers, Jehnftyber, Richard Wagden. Purveyor of Sea-Ftfh, fraacit TuckwtU. Purveyor of Frelh-wicet Filh, Samuel fmin. tinnen-Draper, Matthew deeper. Wine-Merchant, Stephen Teapfen. Grocer, Peter la Pipit. Brewer, Jthn England. —At Hampten-Cewrt, Jthn Grant. Purveyor of Butchers Meat, Jehn Beard. Purveyor of Oyflerr, jtm Bridget. Purveyor of Baowi, JehnCliJt. Brafier, Jehn Smith. Ironmonger, PaidCeSini. Pewcerer, William TempUman. Tallow-chandler, The, Rotter; ° Gtndcmra Ulhers of the Privy-Cfumber. E ItnrnjBird. ■/' I Tciith Hmphrejt, Four Cup-bearers. Efq; I J ma T l , Ef Four Carvers. ymis Era; I c, nt Uu, Tilbmn, Efq: | Jcfipk q; SHjt gjffcnt $ute pj yo8 Four Sewers. C totge Murky, Efq; I Richard Smilh, Efq- Nicholat Fin, Ef(j; | Robert St. Clan, tfij Eight Sewers of the Chamber. William Pawling. { John Girard. Richard Savage. j Richard.Baugh. Timothy Crump. 1 William Murray.. Anthony Meek. I Cbarlet Wynn. Pages of the Pretence. ' Abraham Kemp. I Edward Willi. Alexander Rcymlis. J Arnold Walwin, Efquires of the Body. Sir Thpmai Grantham Knt. William Sydenham, Efq; Ten Grooms of the great Chamber. Charles Shepherd. I John Eyndfff. Adam Lyjncy. Griffin Evans. Edward Cooper. . , i Walter Martin. Janet Cook. Robert jenkinfa. Thomas Najh. | John Slone. Treafurer of the Chamber, John Lord Fitzhariii Matter of the Ceremonies, Sir Charles Cottrel. Afliftant to the Matter, John Dormer, Efq; Marfhal of the Ceremonies, Richard Le Bajt, Elj Groom Porter, William Rowley, Efq; Four Phyficians. Sir Thomas Millington. j Dr- Lawrente. Dr. Karnes. I Dr. Lijler. Two Apothecaries to the Perfon. Mf. Jofeph Pitt. Mr. James Chact. Apothecary to the Houfhold, Mr. William Jones. Serjeant Surgeon to the Perfon, Mr. Charles Bert II. Of ENGLAND. y 0? ;eon to the Houfhold, Thomas Gtrdiner. ;ht Harbinger, John Thurjtoa, Efq; Kings of Arms, Three. It™ St. Gtorgc, Kt Garter Principal 1*7 St. Gary, Kt. Clarenceux. •; iivmijh, Efq; Homy. Heralds. ' jDtthitk, Efqj Richmond. r; Efq; lancajler. Efq; Ckcjlcr, and Regifter of the Col- Mjdt t Efqi : Wiriafor, i'i Sidling, Efq; Somerfct. “(■Anns’ Ef Pages. JeJIat Semi, 3 Clerk of the Robes and Wardrobes WHHan Van Hals, Efq; Jewel-Office. Charles Godfrey, Efq; Mafter. Edvard Paioueftrt, Yeoman. Edward Tardier , Groom. Rthert Stdgewyk, Clerk. C K«p«r of the Standing-Wardrobe at 0*1 ? Te^ of the St.nding-W.rd.obe «tSt.J-^f "principal Painter, Sir Surveyor and Keeper of the Piftures. lovner of the Privy-Chamber, J>h» Mrru. SsTaemj, Richard KU E^ , Keeper of the Library at St. James s . Dr B< Mafter of the Tennis-Courts, Htratit Me*’ Lockfinith, Philip Harris; Rat-killer, WilUm Hijlber. r Mole-«k«r,^^ p ^^ R(f E i raairei » — JBels, Cbartei Kltegrt*. ■ Poet Lauieat, ‘ HHloriographi win. of ENGLAND. fir Two Clerks of the Cheque to the Meflengers. Meflengers. Richard Howard. Tlmnits Nesslin. William Sutton. Samuel Hill. John Freeman. Peter Morefcoe. Hem} Allen. John Thornbomgh. John Morris. Nathan Wilcocks. Anthony Dailey. Jofeph Chance. Thomas Beak, Richard Ravell. Samuel Orice. Peter Broton. Tho■ Nightingale . Richard Barlow. Medenger to the Printing-Prefs, Robert Stephmt. •Wenger to the Treafury, JohnTnurketle. Miftcr of the Barges, John Warner. Fnity tight Water-men- Ratermen at Pcnfion with Liveries. Mrumental Mul'tck-Mafter, John Facies. Twenty Four Mufrcians. li'j* Gorton. FI holes. Frederick Stepkins. Chrtftian Stepkins. John Lenten. John Rtdgley. Francis Cruife. | Edward Flower. John fii EfcPffrcnt&tate Pan John Bamijler. Rohr; rxtris. Robert King. John Shire. Thiofhiltts Ft:t. Charles Smith. Daniel Short. - Jbrahall. Alexander de la Tour. Tito. Parbinfon. Richard Bradley. - -] lm . Keeper of the Inftruments, JohnMoJky. Serjeant Trumpeter, W. lit am Short. Sixteen Trumpeters. Kettfe-Drummer, Robert Mattgridgc. Drum-Major, 'John Maugridge. Four Drummers. Servants under the Groom of the Stole, Ladies of the Bed-chimber. Maids of Honour. Gentlewomen of the Bed-Chamber. Pages of the Back-Stairs. Laundrefs to the Body-Linnen. Sempftrels and Starcher. Coffer-bearer at the Back-Stairs. Necefiary Woman. Miflrefs of the Robes. Yeoman of the Robes. Grooms of the Robes. Page of the Robes. Captain of the Band of Penfloners. _. • Captain of the Yeoinen of the Guard. Lieutenant of the Yeomen. “ Lnlign of the Yeomen. Clerk of the Cheque to the Yeomen. Mailer of the Buck-Hounds. Serjeant of the Buck-Hounds. Mailer of the Harriers, Serjeant of the Hawks. Faulcpners. Part III: of ENGLAND. yi 3 Secretaries of State. The Right Honourable Daniel Earl of Nottingham, for the Southern Province. Under-Secretaries. tiW Warr, Efq; . William Jglienby, Efq; The Right Honourable Sir Cbm ate for the Northern Province. Hedges, Secretary of Under-Secretaries. Jib Tucker, Elq; fen EM:, Efq; Attorney-General. Sir Ednurd Northey, Kt. ' Solicitor-General. SirSimm Harcourt. Her Majefly’s Serjeants at Law. 6 Tkmuu Pen:: Firft Serjeant. Hard Birch, Efqi - Bil.n Hooper, Etq; & Sehtbiel Level!, Kt. Recorder of Louden. & John Darnel, Kt. Sil Jefepb Uekyli, Kt. The Queen’s Learned Council at Law. nWilium Whitlock. ’*> Conyers, Elq; Kim Cooper, Elq; Ite 514 Eije $jctnu Estate Pattlll| The other Serjeants at law. Sit Robert Atkins. Sir Ambrofe Philips. Sir Robert Shaftoe. John Thirbane, Sir George Stroude. William Powler. The Hon. W. Montague, Efq- William Coward,, Edward Bigland, % Thomas Goodmg, Sir Francis Wythens. I Reginald Rretland, Sir Thomas Jenner. Jolbph Girdler, Edwin Wyat, E/y; • Charles Bonytham, Sir Edward Lutwich. 'John Green, Sir Henry Selby. j Thomas Gibbons, Sir Thomas Powell John Keen, Sir William Rawlinfon. Philip Neve, William Killingworth, Efc , Henry Turner, Sit Charles Ingleby.. I James Mumly William le Hunt, E/y;' Sir John Rotheram. Sir Henry Chancey. Henry Trinder, E/y; Francis Fuller, E/y; Sir George Hutchin. Sir William Wogam. Sir Nathanael Bond, John Hooke, | John Pratt. I William Hall, James Selby, Laurence Agar, 1 John Smith. I Thomas Carthew. A Lift of her Majefiy s Officers and Servants mil the Mafter of the Horfe , the Duke of Somerfet. Equerries. H Ugh Chidltf, Efq; Thmsst Lifer, Efq; Serjeant of the Carriages, James Duperen, Efqj Mailer ofthe Studds, Thomas Pullein, Efq, Supcrviforof the High-ways, Michael Siudholmt, Elq; Suivtyors of the Stables. Erancis Negus, Efq; \ Samuil Shute, \ Simon de Britmt. Riding-Surveyor, Robert Hayes, Efq; Clerk of the Avery, Robert Manley, Efq; Yeoman of the Stirrup, Peter Paul Genetrault, Efq; t Yeoman Riders. Prederitk Root. | John Wnljradt- kill. of ENGLAND. Clerk of the Stables, Evert JeSivet, Efq; (njeint-Farrier, Andrew Stuff. Marital-Farrier, Andrew Snafe. homan-Farrier, John Willis. Groom-Farriers. JtlmMarjhal. j JiJiah Walts. Sjtilre-Sarller, John Rawlins. Vcoman-Sadler, Later. Shaft. Gtoom-Sadlcr, John Rawlins. Coach-maker, Samuel Assierj. Purveyors. Mr. Aim Carmnel. \ Mr. Arthur Parnell. Riding Purveyor, Richard l‘je, Hlq; Mews-Keepers. Brim Je JUilie. I Thomas Eagle. "tin Rolifrn. ' Andrew Guidon. Yeomen of the Carriage. Surge Lamftn. ; Rtkrt Manning. SiueenFootmen. S« Coachmen- Thirty two Grooms, torn Chair-men. (otter of the Mewfe, Ijaak Hatkfteene. Ctntleman-Armourer, Mr. Pierce Deveire. Page of the Back Stairs, William Titford. -Wenger, Edward Parfons. JHjt jpjcfcnt fstate Part III I TregcnelFrampten, Efq; Supervifor of the Kace-Horfes it Newmarket, for the maintenance of ten Boys, their Lodg- inns, &c. and for Proviftons of Hay, Oats, Bread, ana all o. ther NecefTiries for ten Race- Horfes, tooo /. per Annum. Tie Officers, and Gentlemen of tie Rand of Venfioners. H IS Grace the Duke of St. Mum, Captain, whofe Salary William Stamour, Efq, Lieutenant, Sal. 5 col. Charles Fane, EH]; Standard-bearer, 310 1. Robert Manley, Efq; Clerk of the Cheque, Sal. 1:0/. | Walter Balter, Efq, Hr lolm Cooper. TrnmasOme, Efq; JebnTitetmb, Efq; Charles Norton, Efq; Tomas Bottler, Efq; Alexander Barkham, Efq; Henry linny, Efq; Nicholas Arnold, Efqj Paul Coulton, Efq; Jijepb Sumner, Efq - , E nry Fume’, Elq; John Champante, Elq; Gregory Wejlctmb, Efq; James Gray, Elq; Thomas Freckjettn, Efq; Sonscrfertl Oldfield, Efq; Robert C0W7, Efq, William Olds, Elq; Thomas Saunders, Efq; William Wtftcombe, Elq; Nathanael Breton, Efqi Jtbu Qrub t Efqi Jofeph Whitehead,. Efq; Thomas Geary, Elq; William Lancafler, Efq; Jeremy Sambrttb, Efq; John G«Jhj»,Efq; William Parker, Efq; Robert London, Elq; John Darby, Efq; Francis Mogjon, Efq; James Wallis, Efq; William Smith, Efq; Sir Richard Vernon, Bar. Richard Gammon, Efq; SylvefterHarlackynden, Efq; JohnSintclear, Efq; William Saltmajh, Efq; Edward Benningficld, Elq; Fee to each of thefe 100 l. yearly. TheirPay-maftet, WilliamSmith, Efq; • Gentleman-Harbinger, Rich, Rents, Efq; Partlll. of EN G L A ND. W Officers of the Yeomen of Her Majefy’s Guard. £ '■Harks Earl of Minchifier, Captain. Salary i ooo l. fit limit Maul, Efq; Lieutenant. Sal. 500 /. S.fJjr.V Utthill, Efq; Standard-Bearer- Sal. 300 I. Clicks Hinhry, Efq; Clerk of the Cheque. Sal. 1 ?o. Exempts or Corporals. Mhrtft Mart, Efq; - Dtrmir, E(q; ]mn Big?/, Efq; Ottrgi Davtvmt, Efq; Their Salaries, ijo/. each. Yeomen of the Guard, one Hundred. The 5*4 Tbe M fmof of her Mqtfifs Horfe-Guardi. m , mtnkd l’j the Earl of AAt>?i;tnarle. Captain."' fColonel. B drththmew Ogihy, l Lieutenjnts . “«« Sperringttn pavenfirt, ) | .1 Colonels. Lord Mac;, -Cornet. I »| Major. Rd hrt Dimer, -- -Guidon. IH 1 Major. Francis Nichils, James Brynyfic" !>, ) eld, K Jibs Weft, jimirifc Lick., Guy Mtrine, Charles Dilks, Andrew Ctriet, WiUiam Needham, Edward might, J,hn Barnet, \ -—Exempts.'! | Captains l|. — BtigadiefS.|ijn“t| e 'll -Sub-Brigadiers- 1 J Edward mtitcimb, - Trumpeters,— . Kettle-Drum, - Private Men, - JC&e pjcfciu &tate Part III] *26 The Third Troop of her Majejly's Horfe-Guardt, cm- mantled by Richard Earl Rivers, who aljo tabi Poll according to the Seniority of hit Commijfm. 4 tton Compton, JthnBiint. J H Ltuit tli Belie a :i, - Lord Pajlon, — Armant la Bafiide , 1 William Helmet, C __ Fraud} Savage, f Thimat Earl, J Captain."J — Lieutenants. —Guidon. I ."5 "Colonel. Lieutenant. Colonels. J'iha Charla Da<(dn, J James Tumble, C Henry Sutttn, C Richard Barkham, ) Henry Midget, - - Richard Martin, —- Latimr Ridley, - Trumpeters,- Kettle-Drummer, — Private Men.- -One. ; . Chaplain. ' I Surgeon. >f E N G L A N D. Si- Horfc-GrenaJitrs. ■'HL Honourable George Chehnetiriley ,Captain and Colonel. Henry Ireton, Lieutenant-Colonel. men Gur, Major. The Queen Dia/ger's Family in England is ieduc‘d M Number; many of her Servantshaving gone nth net into Portugal-, of whom we can now ; Account; but as many as are futviving of the fort; Me that follow': Of. fiC^c pjcfntt ^tate Part III, yi8 Officers and Servants belonging to her Majefii /fc Queen Dowager 's Court. F ’Arl of Feverjh.vn, Lord Chamberlain. , Geo. Porter, Ll’q; Vice-Chamberlain. Sir Richard Ming, Principal Secretary. Gentlemen-Ufhers of the Privy-Chamber. Charles Arundeil, Efq; I Rowland Eye, Efq; Thomas Sandi, Llq; I Grooms of the Privy-Chamber. Mr. Antkony Pom. I Mr. Jams Winddank. Mr. ’John Walthew. | Mr. Zcckariah Burgs on. Gentleman-Ulber Quarter-Waiter. Hr. Thomas Whitegrave. Page of the Prefence. Hr. Hugh Joins. Pages of the Back-Stairs. Mr. Richard Stoutens, feniot. ; Mr- James Clarke. Officers belonging to the Robes. Sir Chrijlofher Mufgram, Matter of the Robes- Mr. David Rowland, Yeoman- Ml. Baft, du Pivier, Keeper of the Wardrobe. Grooms of the Great Chamber. Mr. James Tbockham. I Mr. mcho.Hare, Mr. Thomas Jenkin. 1 „ lift III. of ENG LAND. Jr. Roi. f«/f, Porter at the great Gate. Ws-Juhn Alien, Night-Porter. Jr. William 7 ibnfix, Porter at the Back-Stairs. Hr. rhmai Apprise, Under Houfe-keeper. lire. Salmon, Porter at the Water-Gate. fa.BaJJely, Gardiner at Semcrfet-HeuCe. . ‘ , Isl; Geerge, Maftet of the.Barge, and at Watermen. Groom of the Stole and Lady of the Robes, li: Countefs of Arlington. Queen’s DrelTers, MyI Mfs - An *‘ Udy itlilieecd Cramtr. | Mrs. Philippa Temple. fa.WiuiJridtWinibam. j anlhefs, Barbara Anna di Calvin. Ink of the Kitchen, Mr. Willi am Tandy. human of the Bake-houfe and Pantry, Mt.The. font. homan of the Buttery and Cellar, Mr. John Richier. (toman of the Kitchen, Mr. Mantel Hicks. Itoman of the Scullery, Robert Fijhtr. Officers of the Queen Dowager’s Revenue. IORD Ferrers, High-Steward. 4 Earl of Fcaerjham, Chancellour, and Keeper of her Majefty’s Great-Seal. Charles Fox, Efq; Treafurer anJ Receiver-General. MartinFaitlke, Elq; Attorney-General. Cbrippbcr Montague, Efq; Soliicitor-General. l>h Raymr, Efq; Surveyor-General. Mard Marries, Efq; Clerk of the Council, and Regiflcr f Chancery. Meet Hesnit, Efq; Auditor. Mr, William Haight, Keeper of the Council-Chamber. SE^ JBjrfent j&tatt • Part ml n° The Court or Family of bis Royal Higbnejs , Georg) HtrdtUtryPrinci of Denmark and Norway, ®< tf the Goths and Vandals, Duke of Schlefwick, Holftein,Stormar, Dickniarlh, W Cumberland Earl of Oldenburg, Delmanhorft and Kendal Ram of Wokingham, Generaliflimo of ad h Majejlys Forces, Knight of the moft Noble Order t] the Garter, and one of ler Majejlfs moll Him r'able Vri'vy-Cottncil. Often and Servants with their Rsfpeclive Srtlaritt per An. G Entleman of the Bed-Chamber, and Groom of the Slob The Right Honourable John Lord De La Wirt ; hi fetper Annum is 400 1. Privy-Purfe, and Mailer of ttye Robes, Dcr H:tr it P/o/n >os /. per Annum. Grooms of the Bed-Chamber. Charles Scarbrough, Efq; tool, per Annum. Clmrltt Clmbill , Efq; soo /. George Churchill, Elq; too l. Thomas Mault, Efq; tool. Pages of the Back-Stair'. Jl/r. Peter Laroach, 70 1. Mr. Daniel Crohare, 70 1, Servant to the Pages of the Back-Stairs, Louis Victim »c I. Yeomarji'of the Robes and Barber, Mr. Carji.n BucUdt 5c I. and do l per An. in all mo l. Treafurer of the Houfe and Revenue, and Compttoll: of the Houfe, Sir Benjamin Bathurf, too l. Secretary, Edward Griffith, Efq; aoo l. Sr fortltr. of ENGLAND. Secretary of the Foreign Affairs, JcanGttrgt Uugch, Efij; Chaplain, Dr. Mickta, loo /. Counfellout at Law to his Royal Highnefs, Thu. WM, Efq; Gentleman-Ulher, Colonel Edmnd Webb , Efq; 104 1 Attorney at Law, William Ethtrick, Efq; Sollicitor, ThmasWM, jmi.Efq; Salary to each 20 1. Gentlemen-Waiter}, Ur. John Layug, $61. pet An. Mr- 'John jirutirfm, $61. Captain of the Arms, Mr. Timithy Schtlt, 160 !. Groom of the Prefence, Mr. William Humblt, 32 1. Groom of the Prefence, Mr, Cujlitt, $al yeoman of the Wine-Cellar, Mr. 7K Hapgttd, roo I. Yeoman of the Beer-Cellar, Mr. RegtrWdb, 70/. Yeoman of the Wardrobe, Mr. Git. Hallet, $0 l. Melfenger, Mr.Git. Guy, 40 L Alfiflant in the Wardrobe, Mr. Rtgtr Halht, 20 /. Yeoman of the Scullery, Mr. Rtgtr WM, 30 1. Semdrefs and Laundrefs to the Body, Mrs. DtrttbyCtt* Laundrefs for the Table, Mrs. Jane Gunthorpt, 100 l N'ecellary Woman, Mrs. Mary Detiglafs,^6l. Other Servants. Harbinger, Mr. Gtt.Guntbtrpt, 30 /. Houl'ckeeper at Wind far, Mr. Thttd. Raudue, 30 I Houfekeeper at St. Jams's, Mr. Eda. Rrtwd, 30 I. Porrer at H'indfer, Philip Haiithit, 40 /. Porter of the Treafury-Oflice, Laurtme Turgis, 24 /. Ringer to Prayers, John Gerard , 10 1. Gardiner itCambdin-Htufe, Rich. Wait /, 110 /, Gardiner at Sr. Jams's, Rich. Watts, 30 f. Mm x SEbegjefcnt State 5? 2 Part IH,i Officeri and Servants beltmginglo theStablti. X AAfter of tile Horfe, the Right Honourable the Eatlu IVl Sandwich ; for his Horfes Liveries, his Grooms, ait Footmens Liveries, &c. in all per Annum 449 /. 13;, ^ Equerries. Mr. Samuel Melbam. I Mr. Humphrey Griffith. Mr. St. U I And for Horfes Liveries, Lodgings, &c. 208 I. each. Clerk of the Stables, Mr. Michael Studholm, and for Live, lies, &c. 208 I. Pages of Honour. Mr. Thrnas Pultney. • Henry Hanley, Efqj and for Liveries, 254 /. Yeoman-Rider, Mr, Timithy Scale ; and for Liveries ml ' Ovirfeer of the Stables, Mr. ‘Jehn Miller, 96 1. His A (fiftant, Lelefe Sander, jo 1. Taylor, Charles Cabin, roo /. The two Coachmen 8fi l. per An. each, and to find th Poltilions and Helpers. Six Fobtmen at 3 61. each, is 21 61 Linen and Trimming each 5 I. is.isjol. 6 s. The two Chairmen, each 39/. sys. 6d. Four Grooms, each jj /. 10 s. Three Helpers more to the Grooms, each 22/. tor. Dog-keeper, Peter Kirk, 100 1. Mailer-Cook, Mr. Jebn FaveraB, (So/. Another Mailer-Cook, Michael Heunjlef, 601. Second Cook, Henry Dewle, 50/. Turnbroaches, Scourer, &c. altogether (S3 l.tyr. 6d. Confe&ioner, Mrs. Eliz, Stevens. Part Ilf. of ENGLAND. Hautboys to bis Royal Highnefo jjirjrCd imar. i John Pull in. Stvoi Ltfevre. I Vetir Lateur. 'JaiMcrt. I ]shn Shtutr, Trumpeter. *,».« Chevallie. I Their total Salary 39a L The Commiflioners of his Royal Highnefs’s Revenues; !:! Boijtimin Bathurf}, Kt.? brut Made, Elq; f each aoo l fir An. in all dso till ml Griffith, Efq; J Clerk to the Commiflioners, Mr. JihnUtftr. I Uf of the feveral Officers of her Majejlf s Com QUE E N’s-B ENCH. mORD Chief JuAice , Sir "Jehu Hslt, Kt. The other JuAices are t ill Litthtm frail, Kt. I Sir John Pittcll, Kt. 5 r Henry Gould, Kt. I Crmn-Offici. Clerk of the Crown, Sir Samuil Ajlrty, Kt. His Secondary, Simm Harteurt, Efq; Enuring Clerks. Mr. Rii. Stlyard, Clerk of the Rules. Hr. Rath. Herten. j Mr. Rot. Winmr. Vr.WiUiam'Ejres. , j Mr. William Uigfitm. H'. Miiiii. Bmih 11 Mr, Hen. Mtifcrmm, SCfce flJKtni* feuitt Partlll, m Clerks of the Amercements of Ilfues. Mr. Jthn Daviet. j Thefe attend upon the Puifne Judges of the faid Court the lad Day of every irtuable Ttm ; and carry up to the Eilcktijiur the Eftteat of the I Hue:., and deliver it in upon Oath to the Chief-Baron of the laid Court. Prethtnitariet Office. Chief Clerks orProthonotarie;, Rowland Hill, Eftjj IItbert Coleman, Ge^it. Secondary, Gilei Clark, Gent. Deputy for (igning Writs, and Clerk for filing of tie ' peclarations* Mr. Thtmat Brtmfitli. Clerk of the Remembrances or Doggets, Mr. Rib. War Clerk pf the Bails and Pojlea's Mr. FrancO Thacker, Cujtu Brevium , and h'ifr Prim Office. Thtmat Ottdingt, Serjeant at Law. Thtmat Giffiall, Eft); Keepers of the Writs and Records of the Court of Sjuiih Bench, Mailers of the Office for making up, examining, and healing all the Records of Jffiu and Niji Prim of that Court wherefoever triable, and Clerks of the Elftigti, gni Warrants of Attorney, and Clerk of the Treifufj. The Clerks under them for making up the Records throughout England, ate Mr. Jehn Todd. ] Mr. mlliam TnBy. Mr. 'Jthn HtUpntfn. | Mr. Thtmat Gudinge. Mr. Tama Hutim I Mr. Robert Page. Deputy Clerk of the InnepTreafury, Mr. Henry I tult. Deputy Clerk of the Outward-Treafury, Mr. Rrf<« Part HI. of ENGLAND. W Two Big-bearers wjio carry the Records into Court. Marlhal of the King i-B,itch Prilon, William Sullen, Efq; His Deputy, Mr. C otke. Clerks of the Papers there, Mr. Jihn Harfm, Mr. Sllii iirfirar. Clerks of the Papers on the Plea-fide. Mr Mirt Sim. J Mr. Aim Bipti, Clerk of the Rules, Mr. William Simrn. His Deputy, Mr. Pickering. Clerk of the Errors, Mr. Petit. Sealer of'the Writs, Mr. Peprt. A Chief Crier, two under-Criers, two Ufhers, and four Tipftaves. The Filatrn anil Exigentcrtef thi King’s-Bench* Mr. Robert Haftings. BarkOrire. Mr. Thomas Stateham. Derby. Mr. John Green. Devonlhire. Mr. George Woodfon. Yorklhirc. Mr. William Twiford. Eflex. Mr. John Try. GlouceBar. Mr. VV illiam Haflings, Hereford. Mr. Jonathan Ravenhill, Hertford. Mr. John Withers, Kent. Mr. John Browning, Lincoln, Mr. Henry Deane, London and Middlefex Mr. Henry Dodd, (Mordfii- Mr. Philip Hodges, - Somerfetfh. Mr, Robert Curtis, * Suflex. Mr. Samuel Porter, Wilts. Mr. Robert Hyde, Newcaljle. Mr.James Mead, Briftol. Mm 4 Sir Si 6 mtfutaltfHatt ' Partial Sir James Fuller, Bar. \Cambridgflure and 5 Cornwall. Mr. Simon Fuller, P Dorfet, Huntington, f a »d j Leicefter. Mr. John Smith, Monmouth. Mr. Simon Fuller , 1 Norfolk and S Northampton. Sir James Fuller, Bar. J Northumberland aid 5 Nottingham. Sir. James Fuller, Bar. James Woodhoufe, £/j; Mr. Sjinon Fuller, Mr. William Hawbury, Sir James Fuller, Bar. iSirJatnesFuller, Bar. Rutland. Salop. • Southampton. Stafford. S'lflblk, Warwick. ' Mr. Simon Fuller, T Weftmorland and 5 WorcCfter. Mr. William Benner, Mr. William Osbum, .. Tarn of Nottingham. 1 Kingfton upm Hull. Mr, Charles Waite, \Ttmi tf Southatn- S pton. Mr. John Withers, • City tf Canterbury. Mr. Simon Fuller, P City tf Coventry. >City,f York. jCitytf Exeter. Mr. Henry Owen, City cf Gloucelfer, UlII. Of ENGLAND. nl Mr, Simon Fuller, )Cityof Lincoln. City of Norwich. >City o/Litchfield. idtyof Worcefhr. JJhvuof Pool. A Ujl of the Officers of the Court of Chancery. I ORD Keeper, Sir Hath** Wright. L His Secretary, Richard Webfer, Efq; Matter of the Rolls, Sir John Trevor, Kt. His Secretary, The . Janfon, Efq; Twelve Matters in Chancery. Hr Job” Trevor,Kt. I John MetbrnkitEfy Hr Lam Wiliam Child, Kt. I Samuel Keck, Efq; Sir John Hotkini, Kt. I Sir Richard Hclferd, Kt- Sir John Franklin, Kt. J Thmat Pitt, Efq; Sir Robert Legard, Kt. I The. Ger/, Efq; IshEdiihrj, LLD.' | VVilliam Regirt, Efq; The Six Clerks. HI Herne, Efq; I Nathanael Bantardijltn, Efq; Jih Suffeld, Efq; I William Lamb, Efq; Jtk llighlord, Efq; I Sir John Meeri, Kt. Clerk of the Crown, George Wright, Efq; Prothonotary of the Court, Geflelsv Smto, Efq; Clerk of the Hanaper, Henry Seymour, Efqj His Deputy, 1 ■' 1 Whitehead, Efq; Warden of the Fleet, William Weedon Fori, Efq; Serjeant at Arms, Peter Piercohouf 1 , Efq. Two Examiners. William Emerton, Efq; } Arthur Trevor, Efq; . Three m j}8 SCife ^ffent tyue Part III Three Clerks of the Petty-Bag. Jthnpnliafr, Elq; |- Buljlndt, Efq; Sue Clerks of the Rolls-Chappcl. Hairy Watfm. I Hr. - Herjmaa. Jtbn H’lidftrd. \ Mr. William Grimti, . -Loretta. j Mr. Thtmac Patgry. Matters of the Suifana Office. lyml yam, \ Pr Thma, Lyddal, Their Deputy, Mr. HichJae HiiLii- Clerk of the Patents, Cbarhi Cm, Efq; Hi] Deputy Hhiim Brut, Efq; Tbt Rigijltri Offer. Principal Regifter, Charlo Duke of St. Mate. Deputy-Regitter*. Gorge Edrtardt, Efq; Cana Gaiditt, Efq; Regirters for the Rolls. Mr. tdward Gilditemgh. Mr. Richard Price. Clerk of the Reports, and Keeper of the old Book, Ri¬ chard Bimfird, Gent. Keepers of other Entry-Books, Retire Dcvenijh, Gent. HnrrVivmJh, Gent. Matter of the Affidavit-Office, 7 >b Ptyntcr , Efq; His Deputies, Mr. Mari; Wiliam, Mr. Ret. StanUft. part III. of ENGLAND. 539 C urjitin Office. Mr. Mithail Ttmy , Principal for Nottingham and Ncrtham- AfTilhnts, Mr. Abraham Skinner for Efex and Birii, Mr, Jiln Shorthofe for Devin and four. Hr. Smutl Layton, Hr. Hot. Martin, C For LmitmnA H'lllmm Fifh,Efq; C Middle]ex. Hr. Urn. Cafar, i Jiin Hungerford, Efq; for Tbrkfhke and Wejlmorlani. 2 Hr. Francit King for Cambridge and Gloiuejler. Hr. 'John Reynold! for Southampton and Warwick. Hr. Charlet Pickering for Norfolk and Cumberland. Hr, John Pagett for Lincoln and Semtrftt, Mr. Stephen Terry for Sumy and Salop. Hr. Rib. Hart for Oxen and Rutland* Hr. Jeremy Hale for Stafford and Wiln. Hr. William Wicklijj'e for Sufex and Worcefler, Hr. Hen. Thornycroft for Hertferd and Derby, Mr. Andrew Gillingham for Hereford and Momnouth. Mr. Rich. Nelfon for Suffolk and Huntingten. Acx- Pitfield, Efq; for Kent and Devin. Hr. With am Richardfonjot Buckt and Bedford. Hr. Humph. Miller for Lincoln and Somerfet. Mr. Jhemat Barnet, for Leicejler and Cornwall. Mr. William Boddington for Dorfct and Northumberland. Secretary of the Prefentations of Spiritual Benefices, John Tviih, Efq; Alienation Office. Peregrine Bertie, Bfif, J>mes Sanderfon, Iff, Henry Villars, Ejf, Cmmijfientrt. 54° SClie^efent^tate Part lit Mailer in Chancery, Get. Morley, Elq; Receiver, Mr. Nicholas Whit acre. Clerk of the Enrollments, Mr. Bernard Halfpeny. Clerk of the Entries, Mr. Thomas Webb. A Lift of the Officers of the Court of Common-Pleas. J^ORD Chief- Juftiee, Sir Thmti TWw.Kt. Sir EJb. Ne-oill, Kt ■ Sir John Blatte, Kt. >■ Jultices. Sir Rib. Tracey, Kt. 3 Cuflet trmrn Office. This Office belongs to the Earl of Utcbfield. Sworn Mailer, Sir Walter St, Jtkn. His Secondary, Mr. Jojeph Tates. Prcthmtaries. Chief Prothonotary, John Cook, Efq; His Secondary, Mr. Richard Cook: Second Prothonotary, Thomas Winjord, Efq; His Secondary, Mr. Nicholas Hall. Third Prothonotary, William Tempcjl, Elq; • His Sccondory, Mr. George Cook. Cliirographers 0 Reb. Bird, Efq; Mafter in Trull for Montague Drake, Efq; . Secondary, Mr. John Stores. Clerks PartHI. cf ENGLAND. Clerks of the Office. 54 * Mr. Thomas Ntmnan. ' j Mr. Nathanael Herbert. Mr. Peter Surer. I Mr.—— Woodward. Mr. Michael Glyd. I Mr. Rich. Campion, lit .‘JofcphBifat. . | Regifter, ‘John Drake, Eli); Clerk cf the Proclamations, Mr. Peter Woodward. Clerk of the Treafury, Mr. Edw. Millet. Clerks of the Jurat;, or Under.Clerks of the Treafury, Hr. Rih. Maidftom. \Mr.- - Dumomh. Nr. Get. Haljhide. ■ j Mr. Edw. Birch. Clerk of the Enrollments of Fines and R> coveries, Mir, !b. Mills. Hie Deputy, Mr. Williatr. Gandy. Clerk of the Errors, Mr. Li-mid Dimmer. Clerk of the Utlawrie,, Roderick Lloyd, Eft]; Clerk of the Queen’s Silver Office, Mr. Cert Clerk of the Warrarrrs, Mr. William Eaifi. HisDeputv, Mr. Courthepc. Clerk of the Ha lea; Coyp us, Mr. Windham. ' His Deputy, Mr. Hambdcn. Clerk of the Effoigns, Mr. William Hall. Clerk of the Supcrfedeas, Mr. Norris. Eilazcrs of the Court of Commcn-Pleas. Mr. Richard Spicer, vWarwicklhire, Leice- ' fterfliiie, Nottingham. > fliirc, Derbyfhire, City i of Coventry, and Toon ) of Nottingham. Mr. | Mr. Jolepli Yates, Monmouth. ffifo gjefrn l&tatr Part ill f4* Mr. Nathaniel Rider, Mr. Child, Mr. Carpenter, Charles Shepherd, £/f) Mr.John Farringdon, pWiltlhire, Hantfliire, >• and the Term ef South* j liampton. P Yorkihire, City ef York, > Town ef Kingflon uftit S Hull. ? Devonlhire and the City ef Exeter. )Salop, Staflordflrire, / Northamptonlhire, > Rutlandlhire, and V tk Tm tf Litch* ^Northumberland, / Weftmorland, > Cumberland, and l Teten ej Newcartle J upen Tyne. 7London and Middle- Mr. Busfield, J fex „ ,, , , „ 1 Norfolk and the Ci:j if Mr. Marmaduke Allington, ]■ Norwich. Mr. Frederick Alp, Suffolk. Mf. PartHI. of ENGLAND. J4} Mr. Ifaacjackfom 7 Lincoln, and City if f Lincoln. Mr. John Holntden, vGIoucefterfhire, Citj / tf GlouceRer, Wor- > ceflerfhire, City if l Worcefter.Comwal J and Hereford. Mr. Robert Bicknal, "1 Kent, Suflex, and S Surrey. Mr. Benj. Brooks, 1 Huntington and S Cambridge. Mr. Richard Boycott, TEflex and Hert- S ford. The Four Exigenterr. Mr. William Avtry, I Mr.-- Nirclif. Mr. ■ Cittm. I Mr. Jthn Farringtn. There are four Criers and a Porter belonging to this A Lift of the Officers of the Court of Exchequer. |^0RD Chief-Baron, Sir tin. Ward, Kt. Sir Thomas Bury Kt. ~) D Sw.irPnrt.Efqj C, Barons. *> — ■ Smith , Elij; j Curfitor Baron, Sir William Sirnffin, Kt. lit J44 ®|e JBjefent >tate Part HI The Kihg'r Rtmtmbranctn Office. The King’s Remembrancer, Evelyn, Vifcoiint Fanjbav, < Sworn Mailer, Batty AybffijtEHn . I Deputy, Mr. M. Barker. [ The Eight Attorneys of the Office. G«^r»«,«/, Efq;? secondaries. Fraucu Biuler, Elq, J Mr. Gabriel Armigcr. i Mr. Tbmar Eyre. Mr. William Bathurfi. Mr. John Thmpfon. Mr. William Walker .; | Mr. John Harriftm. The Lard Trcafurer'r Remembrancert Office. Leonard Thmpfm, Eft]; Remembrancer. Firft Secondary and Philazer, yohnTaylatre, Elq; Second Secondary, Charlei Batteley, Efqj • Attorneys or Sworn Clerks. Mr. John Hammmd. I Mr. Benry Thmpfon. Ml. William ASaidfem. \ Mr. Umar Madder. The Pipe-Office. Clerk of the Pipe, The Lord Rob. Ruffe/. ■ His Deputy, Peter Frowde, Elq; The eight Attorneys or fworn Clerks there. Secondary and (ird Attorney, Walter Walinger, Elq'; Secondary, Jofeph Craimer, Efq; Mr. Chnrlet Milbwrnt . | Mr. Philip TuUic. Mr. William Wroth. I Mr. Charier Hornby. Mr. Peter Prtadc. J Mr. William Wrightfon. Comptroller of the Pipe, John Pottinger, Efqj of Part III of ENGLAND. f4f Oj fee of Pleat. Cleric of the Pleas, Thomat Mtrriol , Efq; The Four Attorneys. Secondary and firft Attorney, Tkmat Aria >,Efq; Mr. Samuel Anierfm. I Mr. . - Oattl. Hr. David Fttldtr. | Foreign Oppofer, Mr. Serjeant Whitten. . Clerk of the Eftreats, John Cook, Efq; Auditors of the Impreft, Brook Bridget, Efq; The. Dm, Efq; Auditors of the Revenue. Mthmy Parjont, Efq; { John Shalet, Efq; Auditor for the Principality of Walts, The Right Ho¬ nourable Ralph Lord Grtf. His Deputy, Mr. Chet win. Auditor for the Dutchy of Cornwall, The Honourable Vttrltt Bertie, Efq; rirJI-Fntitl Offer. ' Remembrancer of the Firft-Fruits and Tenths, Jchn Fern, b Ills Deputy, Rob. Butler, Efq; Clerks of the Office. Hi. Daniel Pigeon . ) Mr. John Ellon. Receiver of the Firft-Fruits, Willitn Gltirville , Elq; Comptroller, John Bther, Efq; Deputy-Chamberlains, Mr. —Sw/rh, Mr. Hemj Mlm. N n- Chief 6 ’ 2El)ep?cfmt$>tate Part III, Chief Ulher of this Court, nod H. -ditarv Proclamatoi of the Court of Ccn.mtr.-Phas. vw.o i. til under him ftc, Ufilers and fix Meflengers, lobnlTniku, lift]; the ether Part of the Exchequer for > euiving ari t!isl>nrji»g the Queen i Revenue. Sydney Lord Godolphist, Lord Iligli-Treafurer of £«;■ His Secretary, William Vrsends, Efq; Chancellour of the Exchequer, Hairy Boyle, Efq; Chamberlains of the Exchequer. Sir Nicholas Steward, Kr. j Charltt Co/e,, Efq; Auditor of the Receipts of the Exchequer, Charles Lord Hallifax. •' .Clerk of the Pells, Henry Pelham, Efq; The Four Tellers. Tile Right Honourable 'John LordVifcount FiivHar'i% Guy Palma, Efq; The Honourable Francis Gtdtlphin, Efq; Chrijlopher Mi sfgravt, Efq; • TUt^iJeputies'Ofl, the two Chamberlains who cleavefh Tallies, and examine each Piece apart, are John I me, ffj and Peter !e Neve, Gent. *• , Ulher of the Receipt, John Taylor, Efq; * U filer and Tally-Cutter, Samuel Edwin, Efq; His Deputy, Jokyt Thrylt, Gent. At the Receipt of the Exchequer, Four Meflengers, Pi tent Officers, viz.- ,... j - . ; ..e , htr- William lOtdct.- I Mr. Samel Clark! r Mr. Jtf Richards • | Mr. John Barret. Part III. of ENGLAND. T47 the Court of the Dtitcby Chamber of Lancalkr at Weltminfter. C Uancellour, Sir John Levifon Goiter. Vice-Chancellor, John WedaU, Efq; Attorney-General, Edxtt. North,y, Ei'q; Cleiii of tile Dutchy, GkeekGcrard, Efq; • Receiver-General, Laurence Carter, Efq; r Auditor of the North, H'iBiam Bellamy, Efq) Auditor of the South, John t'anbragh, Elq; Attorney-General for Lancojltr, Henry Ajhltrjl, Efq; Deputy-Clerk, Biujamin Gent. Deputy-Regiiler, John Baker, Gsrnt. Two Attorneys, Kith. Hatband, Gent. Thi. Jjiclon, Gent- Deputy-Auditor of the Notth and South, John Btrmet, Efq; Uilrer, Etlward Coke, Efq; Meflenger, Samuel Gcilibrand, Gent. A-Lift of the Sheriffs appointed bp her Majifly for the Tear 1702. B Edjord, Thomas Bromfal, Effi Berks, Rich. Southby, jn», inks, John Duncomb, Efq; Zmbtrland, Richard Crakcnthorpe, Eft, '.mlridge and ( EjLw . Nightingale, Efj. John Divenpott,£/y; > email, Gregory Peters, EJq; Jeun. Sir John Rogers. hrjit. Nicholas Hardy, Elq', Jorbfjh. Sir John Harpur. Robert Mitford, Efq', lh, Peter Whitecombe, Efq; l!mt(!erjh. Samuel Ecdin, EJq; H during tbt Minority it ih J Earl ef Bridgwater. Cambridgefliire, Chefhire, Cornwall, Cumberland, Wriothedy Duke of Bedford. Richard Earl Rivers. John Granvile, Efj; Charles Earl if Carlide, Devonfhire, P Tht Urd Pawlet, during tht Minority of the Earl 3 of Barb. • Derbylhiie, • Dorfetfliire, Eflex, William Duke of Devonian Charles Duke of Bolton. Aubrey Earl cf Oxford. Gloucefterlhire and Citj/ef Briftol, Cliarles Earl ef Berkley. Herefordfliire, Hertfordfliire, Huntingtondiire, Charles Diriin/Shrewslilir; Algernon Earl ef Eflex. Charles Earl of Mar*heltei Kent, ^ Henry Earl ef Romney. Lancafhire, ' Leicefterfliire, Lincolnfliire, William Earl ef Derby. John Earl ef Rutland. Robert Earl 0} Lindfey. Mil' of ENGLAND. m Wriothefly Duh of Bedford. ■; Thcmastyf/s/ Pembroke. part III. MidJlefex, Monmouthlhire, Northumberland and Durham. Northamptonfhire, Norfolk, Nottinghamlhire, Orfordllrire, Rutlandlhire, Salop, Somerfetlhirc, Staffordlhire, Southampton, Suffolk, :Wb!’ Warwickshire, Weftmorland, Wiltfhiri, Worceflerfhire and City of Worccfler, Richard Earl if Scarborough ! Charles Earltf Peterborough 5 and Monmouth. Cliarles Vifcount Townelhend. John Duh t f Newcallle. Montague Venables Earl of Abingdon. Bennet Lori Shenard. Francis Earl of Bradford. ^ nes Duke of Ormond." illiam Lord Fagett. Charles Duh of Bolton. Charles Lord Cornwallis. Geo. D. of Northumberland. Charles Earl of Dotfet. George £. of Northampton. Charles Earl of Carlifle. Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. 1 Charles Duh of Shrew f- f bury. Vorkfliire Eajl-Riding, John Duh of Newcallle. Vorklhire Weft-Riding and 1 Charles Earl of Burling" City of York, J ton. Vorklhire North-Riding, John Marquifi of Normanby NQRLIL rr* Part 111 NORTH-WALES- . Montgomerylh. Dtnbighfli. Flintfh. Anglefey, Carmrvanfli. Merionethlh. ^William lari if Derby. SOUTH-WALES. Glamorganlh. Brecknocldh. Radnorih* Caermarthenlk. PembcokelL LThomas Earl tf Pembroke ini C Mongomcry. A Ufi tf tbt Rqd Navy of England in iht Year 1702. Firfi Rates 7. Mm. Guns. I MaGm. 70 6 9 5 Royal Sovereign 800 ?54 100 1 Victory 754 7o(I jS Royal William 754 QT. i O'Brii Albetmarle Second Rates 14. uutcasu St George Royal fctharin 640 90 <40 90 O40 90 6 88 96 5»4 80 . St.-Michael I Neptune Namure Oflbry Sandwich [ Triumph Vanguard 581 9* (S40 9> 6 40 9 ° C40 9» C40 9° <540 9 » 640 9° . Third PartlH, of ENGLAND. m Third Rates 47, Berwick Boyne Bteda farford Bedford Captain Cornwal [Chichcfter ^Cambridge Cumberland Conrenc . Defiance j Devonfhire Dorfetltiire Eagle Mm. Gmr. 44® 70 47 6 80 44® 70 445 70 44$ 70. 44® 70 470 So ■ 4?® So. 47$ -.So: 47 ® 44 ® 7 » 3*P $4 47® 80 47$ 80 44 <* 7 ° ; 431 7* 446 EipeJition Himpron-Court 446 44 ® 70 44 « 79 44 ® 70 Norfolk Northumberland Newark Nafliw Or ford RoyaJ Oak Refolurion Reftorarion Rupert Ranelagh Revenge Ruflel Swiftlure Shrewsbury Somerfet Warfpite Yarmouth Mm. Gau. 47® 80 44 ® 70 389 66 47 ® *0 44 ® 70 47 ® 80 44 ® ■ 7 o 44 ® 70 4 S® 74 408 70 445 70 389 66 47 ® 80 44 ® 70 47 ® 80 44 ® 7 ° 44 ® 7 » 408 70 47 ® 80 47 ® 80 476 80 408 70 44 ® 7 » Wane; Andrea Advice Mol tonidventure Burlington Back aval Canterbury Common Chatham 335 48 a:S 4 8 aaS 48 li® "48 aa$ 48 13$ 48' 31 $ 48 34® $d 11$ 48 11$ 48 Chtfter Crown Colcheftet Coventry Deptford Dover Dragon Dunkirk Dreadninfht Dartmouth J 16 48 11$ 48 11$ 48 11S 48 13 $ 48 33$ 48 11$ 4$ 331 $0, 34 ® ®4 13 $ 48 y$8 -S5&£p?r$eftl $tate Mm. Gum. Exeter . 346 6o'/. fembtoke Falmouth 226 48 Pendennis Fauiklapd . • 126 48 : Plimquth Greenwich .274 J4 Rochelter Gtbuceller 346 60 Referee Goernfjy .• V-6. 48 Ruby. Haimpfliire ‘ 21 6 '48 Romney lerfey ' 22 6 48 Sputfumpron Kingfton " 345 ( 5 o Sunderland Rjngsiilher 21$ 4 6 Severn Lincoln’ n 5 48 Salisbury Litchfitld 22 6) 2:6 J 3!’- Cl 2 26 4I 4I '‘I 4 ‘ 22(5 4 t 22tf 4I 34<> 60 226 4 t 126 4I 22fi 4I 22d 4) -126 ,j 274 54 34<5 & ll6 4! 135 l 1 '35 J' ' 35 3' ' 35 3' '35 ! ! ' 3 5 3' '35 ! ! 180 4) ■ 35 3= ' 35 3 1 ■ 55 3 1 > 35 . ; 3 > >35. 3' Fin fart III of ENGLAND.- SS 9 Fire-Ships, it. Firebrarffl Gritfin Hunter Hawke Men Gum. | 45 8 Strilmbulo 45 8 1 Terrible 45 8 Vulcan 45 8 Vulture 45 8 Vituvhv 4{ 8 1 NmGtm!. 4 S 8 45 8 45 * 45 8 45 8 Six Rates ij. Dunwjcli Deal-caftle Elfex-Prize Flambrough M.iilllone no 14. j Penzance no 24 Peregrine 70 16 | Queenbijtotigli no 24 .Stflbay no 24 Se'a-horfe no 24 j Sea Card no 24 1 no 24 50 20 no 24 •to -24 no 24 iro 24 Hofpital-Sfiips 1. Suffirlk Hoy Store-Ships 2. to IG Canterbury Greenlilher • Yatches 1 j . 40 8 8 2 Charlotte Cleveland Fubbs Henrietta Ilibella We of Wight 30 8 I Jemme 30 8 | Katharine 40 12 St. Loe 30 8 Mary 30 8 Qucenborougli 5 4 1 Soefdyke 30 8 3 4 30 8 «* Squir- f6 a die parent $tatt Part 111. Squirrel Scout Mm Gum | MmGtw 4 4 William mid Mary 40 8 Mmirals if tht Fleet fir the Tear 170:. Sir Gcerge Rule, Admiral. Red,S Thunas Hifjm, Efq; Vice-Admiral, j Sir Jihn Utinden, Rear-Admiral. 7 Sir C Imdejly Shiveli, Admiral. White, S Jihn Benhw, Eli]; Vice-Admiral. J Sir Stafford h'iirluurn, Rear-Admiral* p Col. Gel. Churchill, Admiral. Blue, > Marquefs of Cacrmarthen, Vice Admiral, j JihnGrajden, Efq; Rear-Admiral. Adthiral now employ’d abroad, 'Jihn Ber.lntt, Efq; Part III. of ENGLAND. in Account of the la(l Tatenti which have been framed to Vkt-Admihls in England and Wales. ? Richard Lord Vilcount S Dalklcy. l ‘’ask, George L. Vifc. Cap leteti. Uumsuth, Sir Charier Kemp, Bar. City, and County 7 cW „ Lwd P „ M Strthimherland, Biibflp- } of Durham, and Town, C Richard Earl of Stare)* d County of Hivecapie ufen f retigh. 04 ffilje &tate Partin, Vice-Admiralties. Vice-Admirals. Suffolk, Dyontl Earl of Dylert. Suffix, isir John Pelham, Bar. SMfjtapfomdthe Ifle of \cM/;?; Coe-r-t, Ex. of ENGLAND. B»- Baronets created by King Cbarlei the FirJ}. lojlO/m AjkftU, Ex. lo6\ Henry Harpur 207 Edward Scabright 208 John Beaumont 209 Edward Dering 210 Geirge ljx. Ill William Brertton, Ex. 212 Patrieeui Curmn, Ex. 213 William Ruffitl 214 John Sfenfcr, Ex. 215 Gdei Eftcourt li6 Thmat Aylesbury, Ex. 217 Thmat Stile 11b Frederick Cornwall! 219 Drue Drury, Ex. 220 William Skfffingtm 221 Robert Crane Ex. 222 Anth. Wing fit Id 223 William Culpeper 224 Gilet Bryiges 225 John Kirle 22(5 Humph. Stilet, Ex. 227 Henry Moor 228 Thmat Heale 119 j Itkll CifltlHI, Ex. 230 Thmat Maplth Ex. 231 Jelm Ifiam 232 Hervey Bagot 231 Lewie Pollard, Ex. X34 Fravcit Mannotk 135 Hen. Griffith,Ex. 13(5 Loloaick Dyer 237 HugbStewkely 238 Edw- Stanley 239 Edw. Littleton 240 Ambrojt Browne, Ex. 241 Sackvile Crowe J.j2 Mich. Livefey, Ex. 243 Simon Denct,Ex. 244 Thomat Fijher. 245 Thomat Bowytr v. Sir Janie: Bowytr, n. 846. 246 Butt Bacon 247 John Corbet 248 Edw Tirrel v. inter n, 293 and 294. 249 BaJH Dixwell, Ex. 250 Rich. Toung, Ex. 2 51 William Pnmyman, Ex', 252 William Stonthoufe v inter n. 795 and 796. 253 Thomat Fowler, Ex. 234 John Fenwick, Ex. 255 Wiliam Wray 23 6 John Trelawncy 237 John Conyers 258 John Bella icy Thomas Ajlou 260 Kentlm Jcmurt 161 John Price, Ex. 161 Rich Beaumont, Ex. 163 WtfiiiiWbi 264 Thomas Nightingale 265 John Jacques, Ex. 2 66 Robert DiUing'oif 267 Francis Pile 268 John Pole 16s Wiliam Lewes,lix. 270 Wiliam Culpeper 271 Peter Van-Leer, Ex. 272 John Laurence 273 Anthony Slingsby 274 Thomas Vavnfor 273 Robert Wotljcy !0)c PKfcnt State Part IE 3 So Frmcii Armitage 3S1 Rich. Halford 3 C oribll ! 49S John Rsltnjon 499 John Aldf, Ex. 5co Rob. Hildyard tor -Jacob Ajlley So: William BPvycr so; Thomas Stanley 504 John Shttckhureh Sor William Wr'ar 501S Nicholas St event ; 508 Branch Holies, Ex. 509 Oliver St. John Cto Ralph dc la Val S11 Andrew Hcnly Si: Thomas Ellii 5>3 m J 13 John Covert 5*4 four Lear J15 Maurice Berkeley f\6H,nry Htidfin J17 rimw/ Herbert 518 Thom.11 Middleton J *9 f'eruey Melt 520 G«. Bufwell JII K» 4 . ;u Rob. Haiti 523 John Clerk 524 William Btothby 515 Wolfan Dix.ey fijl John Bright, Ex. . 527 John i’f'arner. 528 Job Harby (29 Stmuel Merloni 530 Thomat Hemet, Ex. 531 Edw. Honywoei. J32 Rich. Brown $33 Ht«. to* J34 John Aubrey J35 Vlilliam Thom at 536 Thotnot Sclater 537 H.nry Conway 538 Edw.Green 339 John Stapijfj 540 Meiiatj kohinfon, Ex. 541 Marmaduhf Gr jh.im 542 William Dudley J43 HigbSmthfon 544 R»»,r 545 HUH. Willoughby, Ex. J4tf Anthony Oldfield 5+7 p " tr 548 Vl’illiam Vl-huler 549 John Newton 5 50 7 /m»i» i« 551 Swi*A 552 Ralph Ajhten m John Rout J54 Hen. Maffhtgkra 555 John Holet ffi&c pjcfettt jtatt Part III . J stf Ralph Bohey, Ex. 1 5 57 John Knight ley 558 7 obi Drake 5 59 Oliver St. George 160 John Bowyer ti 5 | William Wild ;6z JofiphAjh 563 John How 564 ?«/’« Swincburne • 565 John 7 r»W, Ex. 565 Humphry Miller 567 John Lewit , Ex. 568 John Beal 569 RiV/j. Franklin 570 IV.lliam Rufil 571 7 /»»;«! Boothby, Ex. 572 William Backhoufe, Ex, 573 JohnCutler, Ex. 374 C.'/'/fj .575 Hen. Gifford 576 Thotnot Foot v. Arthur Onflow, n. Sli. 577 Thomat Manwaring I578 Thomas Bennet 579 John Wrath 580 G.j. W'11/m 581 Hctuage Falter/Ion 581 Hmnph. Mmux 1583 John Peyton, Ex. 584 Edmond Auderjon 585 Wi» 586 Matthew Herbert .ft 7 Edw. Ward 588 John Kept 589 WilliamKilltgrcw 590 John Buck 59 1 William Frankland 592 Rich. Stidtlolph,Ex. 593 William Gardner 594 yHi III am Jttxten 595 J‘h» Lcgard 596 Gterge Mar-mod t, 597 John Jaikfin Part III. of ENGLAND. ;pS Hrnry Pickering. | (59 Henry Btddtngfiild l Valter Plomcr, Ex. (: i Herbert Springer, Ex. | (r. Wn. .n Pml, Ex. 6oj Km. Newton. Ex. (:+ Huh Staughton, Ex. <;t Vi'ilUm Rok4y, (16 TT.i!:,r Ernley h; jol:n Httband (■" Thomas Morgan (.9 George Lam ffell'd. 60 George Wak-man, never lu Benjamin Wight (11 John Colleton <1; James Modyford. 61 4 Thomas Beaumont lit Edward Smith Napier, alias Sandy, v. n. (\CThmas Gifford, Ex* 61; Thomas Clifton, Ex. 618 in'i Hi am mijbn 6iy Compton Read (no Brim Broughton {;l Roll. Slings by, Ex. in John Crops. 6:j Ralph Vsrncj 614 Rck. Dicier, Ex. (it John Brtaaffeld (16 llamas Rich Edw. Smith 6:S Walter Long '■■) J‘lt» Tettiplaee (jo ITalttr Hendhy l;i William Parjout f;: JthnCambel, Ex. (;o iVilliam Merice l’,4 Charles Gdwdy (]i ’/'t illinm Caley ('/■ I l’i Htam Godolphin, Ex. (’ll Thomas Curjon M Edw. Bail 639 John Cropley 640 William Smith 6+i George Cook 6 42 Charles Lloyd 6+3 Nathanael Poreel 644 Denny /Ifhbumham 6+t Hugh Smith 6+6 Rob. Jenlinfon 647 WiHiarnGliime 648 John Charmek 6+9 llob. Brook 6)0 Thomas Hevil 6u Henry Andrews 6s i Anthony Craven 6S3 James Clavering 6s+Thomas Dcrham,El. 6s S l Hi Hi am Stanley 6s6 Abraham Cullen 6s 7 James Rujkttt 658 Godfrey Copley 639 Griffith VVil!iams,Ex 660 Henry IVinclocombo 661 Clement Clarke 661 Thomas finer 66 ) John Silyard 664 Chriflopher Gtufi 66s Reginald Brffer 666 Philip Pnrkir 66y Edward Duke 66 8 Charles Huffey 669 Edw, Barkham 670 Thomas Horton, Ex. 671 John Dormer Cyylhomas Carew <573 Markhiilbank 67+ Rich. Ro’hwcl, El. 67 s John Banks 676 Henry Ingoldesby 677 FrancisBickcley 6 78 Robert Jafon 679 John Young. 680 John Frederick van J~rd* J'endorf •• 681 mliam Roberfs 6%i Kilim Utkin 683 Thomas Smith 684 Edwin Sadlier 685 Wiliam Windhm 686 Gorge Southcote 687 George Trevilian 688 Framii Diinrt mb 6^9 Nicholas Bacon * 690 Richard Cody 691 John Oibourn 691 JobnCoiiton 693 John Lloyd 694 Edward Moor 695 Thomii Ftohj 696 Miter Stapleton 697 Richard Brabam 698 John Witrerwongc 699 Philip Matthews 700 Robert Btrnard 701 Roger Urt 701 Edward Gage 703 Tbomat Hooke 704 JobnSavile, Ex. 705 ChnjlopherWandeiford 706 Richard Aflley 707 Jatcb Gerard 703 Edward Fuji 709 Roistr ion* 710 Robert Can 711 Wiliam Middleton Til Richard Graham 713 Thomar Tattered 714 Cuthbert Heron 71 $ Francis Wenmam TVS Henry Prtrefoy 717 Thomas Cobb 718 Hmy Brooke 719 ['tier Pindar 720 Nicholas Stoning • 721 George Reeve Til Thomas Btngravc 7 ixTbomas Banardijlort Part HI. 924 Samuel Bernardi/lon 725 John Dawes 726 John Holman 727 Wiliam Cook 728 Joint Botfjr yz^ George Downing 730 William Gawdy 73] Charles Pirn, Ex. 732 KWram D’or/r; 733 Join Marfbam Ti\ Robert Barnham 735 Franar ir(r 736 Join Sr. Boris 737 Tiontor Cambel 738 'Jmes Penjman T^o Thomas Muddiford 740 Csorfs Ss/ijf, Ex. 741 Edmund Forte fast 742 Samuel Take 743 Join TtmpeB 744 Littleton Osbaldeflon 745 Gilts looker 746 Srs/irn Andtrfon 747 Thomas Bateman 748 Thomas Lorraine 749 Thomas Wimworth, Ex. 750 Theophilm Bidulph 751 Wiliam Greene, Ex. 7 52 KWmoi Cookes 753 Join Wolilenholme 754 Join Jrcoi 755 Join Teamans 756 Join P/f TV Tho.Taylor 758 Wiliam Leman 759 Boisrf Smrfi 760 Nicholas Crifpe 761 Join Siam T61 John Browne 763 Gsorgr Kawrfon T6n Robert Jocelyn 765 Robert Duckenfield 766 JobnLawfon Clement jtatr f77 P,rtIII. of ENGLAND. 767 Philip TyneB 809 Arthur Harrit ; 5 S Prams Bnrdetp 810 William Blocht •fa G tor ft Moor 8 n John Tbompfon noAbtlBtrktr itz HalefprellTint 771 WiUim Oglonder 813 Cormlint Martin Trump 771 William Ttmpli, Ex. B14 Robert Porker 773 Will. Stem 8 ifJobnShmtrd 774 Anrb. Shirtep 8; 6 Artbitr Onflow 77; Maurice Diggs, Ex. 817 Walter Chtrgps 776 Piter Gleane . 818 Tho. WiUtamt 777 John Ntlrho p 819 Robert Filmer -78 Robert Winer, Ex. 820 Edvard HeuB,B.t, llpTho.Tmfien' 821 Richard Tulpe 780 Ar.th. Anther 822 Too. SamveB jS 1 John D'ojlie 823 Charier Rjcb ; 3 i Edvard fiobp 824 Benjamin Maddix 'Si Ikmat Put . 825 Willlnm Barker •Si John Ttrrell' 82 6 John Broehi fa Gilbert Gerrard 827 Richard Head 786 Robert Teomans 828 William Pennington 747 Carr Strop?, Ex. 819 Btnnet Hotkint j !3 Peter Farlefcve 830 RichardStasdijh 789 Richard Bettenfon 83 r Alexander Ribertfon ip Algernon Perton 8}iThomaeDjkf 79 ' Roger Mrprtj,n 833 Robert cotton ■ ;o: Richard Uajlingi 834 Franck Willoughby ■faWiHamHaobm 835 IgnalmVirmiliuWhite. •94 Franck Topp, Ex. 836 job 1 Barlow 79; William Langht/rnt 837 Richard Ncvdigate 796 Edward Jtttfiyn 838 RichardCnft Otorge Stonehouje, am of London, created Baronet April 13, 1696. 919 Iho.Wheat of the County of Oaford, created Baronet A lay 17) 1696- 9:0 Oliver Ajhcmbe of the County of Btrks, created Baro¬ net May a8,169 d. 911 Edward Manjell of Cimnartimjhin, created Baronet :8, 1692. Iti. a s6j6. 921 William Hodges of Middltftx, Marsh ji, 1697* 9 JJ John Ruihmrth of Sumy, April 1, 1697. 914 Wil Ltasthsr of nrkfstrs,jUK! IS, 1697 . 919 Usury Htchhml of the County of Uuth-Kcnt in July fl, 1697. 916 Richard Faringtm of Sujfex, Dec. 17,1697. 917 Tin. Tipping of Oxforstjbire, Mir. 24,1697. 918 John Germain of Wtftminjl. Mar. aj. 1692 ■ Pp » j8o Ht^jcftntj&tau Part III, 919 Tbo. Povel of Camnarthinflrirt, Jul. 19, 1698. 9V> Sam.Clarh of Cambridgtjh, Jul. 25,1698. 951 Bafil FtrArace of London, Jul. 18. 1698. 931 Will• Horrit of Lancajbire, Die• 3.1698. 933 Jib* Roger) fenior, of Devon, FA. 21, 1698. 934 Joint Stanley of Grangegorman near Dublin in Ireland, At 13, 1699. 935 Edmond Denim of the County of Bitch, May 12, ifijj. 93S Petir Finder Brand,.June 9, 1699, 937 William Browne, Dec . 14. 1699. 938 Rich. Newman, Dec. 19,1699. 939 Martin Wcjlcemb,Mar. 23, HS99. 940 John Chitwood, Apr. 11,1700. 941 Hi eh. van Acker, Jan. 31, 1700. ’942 S«n. W«y«r, Jin/ 23,1701. 943 John Thimicrtfi, Augujl 12, 1701. V/hefiforEitina,’-- -- — -- • Partlll. of ENGLAND. y8i A Scheme of the Sovereign, and Knights-Cempanions of the moll Nolde Order of the Garter. 3 The King 1 i The 1 of Sovereign. | Truffle. 1 j 4 Prince 1 Void. 1 George of 1 Demnerk. ' i Duke of Zell. 6 Elelfor of Hanover. ; Url of Oxford 8 Duke of Southampton. $ Hinjuifi of Normanby. to Duke of Leeds. H Duke of Richmond. 11 Duke of Somerfer- |ij Duke of Northumberland. 14 Eerl of Rochefter. ;if Eerl of Feverflram. 16 Eerl of Sunderland. ii; Dale of Ormond. 18 Duke of Devonfiure. I19 Earl of Dorfet- 10 Duke of Shrewsbury. Si Eerl of Portland. 11 Duke of Newcaftle. |s j Eerl of Pembroke. 14 Eerl of Albermarle. in Duke of Queensberry. ! 16 Void. The Duke of Bedford end the Earl of Marlborough, thi iktled, ere mt jet inftiled. Pp 3 Tit Jflje JBjcJtnt J&tate Si*. Part HI. 7 bt Names of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sit. riffs, ml Officers of the City of London for the Tear' 1702. S IR William Gore, Lord Mayor, and Alderman of Coleman-fireet Ward. Abnt tht Chair. Sir Robert Cljyton, Sir William Fritchard, Sir Robert Geffery Sir Thomas Stamp, Sir John Fleet, Sir William Afhurft, Sir Thomas Lane, Sir John Houblon, Sir Edward Clarke, Sir Humphry Edwin, Sir Francis Child Sir Richard Levitt, Sir Thomas Abney, Sir Samuel Dafluvood, Sir John Parfons, Sir Thomas Cooke, Sir Jofeph Smart, Sir Owen Buckingham, Sir Thomas Rawlinfon, Sir Robert Beddingfield, Sir William Withers, ■ Sir Charles Duncomb, Cheap-Ward. Broadftreet-Waid. Cordweyner-Ward. Cripplegate within nl (wit hut. Langbourn-Ward. Billingfgate-Ward. Candlewick-Watd. Cornhill-Ward. Breadftrcet-Ward Tower-flreet-Ward. Farringdon rr ithtut. Bridge-Ward withnt. Limehtcet-Ward. Aldgate-Ward. Baliihaw-Ward. Queenhith-Ward. Liinedrcet-Ward. Bifhopfgate within ad {withtut- Caftle-Baynard-Ward. Dowgate-Ward-, Farringdon within . Bridge-Ward within. part III. of ENGLAND. . j8j Sir Jeffry Jeffries, Portfoken-Ward. Sir Samuel Garrard, Alderfgatc within and Walbrook-Ward Sir William Witherj, \ Sirjames Bateman, J Recorder. Sir Salathlil Lovtl, Kt. her Majefty’s Serjeant at Law. He takes Place of all Aldermen below the Chair. SiiTmms Guidon, Kt. Chamberlain. dmtan Die, Efq; Commo.'-Serjeant. Hen. yijburjl, Efq; Town-Clerk. Jm‘1 Moody, Efq; Serjeant at Law. ? Judges of the She- Jmfiild Lemon, Efq; J riffs Court. Four Common Pleaders. kith. R ichardfon, Efq; I Joseph Major, Efq; William Light foot, Efq; | Ijaac Ever, Efq; fifth. Wilmot, Efq; Comptroller of the Chamber and Vice- Chamberlain. tin. Trotmttn, Efq; Secondary of the Pou/fry-Counter. Zoch. Foxhal, Efq; Secondary of Woodjlreel-Qomm. William Billamj, Efq; Remembrancer Mr. John Aiamt, Sollicitor. | Attorneys of the Mayors Court. Mr. JamitGihfon. j Mr. John Andrew!. Mr, Edw. Smith. | Mr. Thomas Jachjon, Bridge-Matters. Pp 4 Mr. Mr. Giorfe SitwoL Mr.'jrfoi Pirn. Six Young Men. The Sword-BMier’S) Jthti Sttktr. The Conimon-Hum’s, Ralph Pigmt. The Common-Crier’s Fran, Banbtft. The Walter Baylifi’s,if^'^ Tjje Chief Carver’s, Hugh Mm. Partin' of ENGLAND. f8f Mcil-Wtighcn. William Cave, • Thomas Chambers. Yaw.cn of the Wnd-whar]. Robert DaHiwood. James Chambers. Hr. John Man, Firm Taler. Marjhalt. Mr. Stephen Watts. { Mr. John Marlhall. Eight JtHmiet if tbl Sheriffs C me. Hr. John Hargrave. I Mr- Chriftopher Barrey. Mr. Richard Bogan. Mr. Pater Short . Mr. WiUiam Bellamy I Mr. Thomas Goddard. Mr.John White. Mr.-Hammond. Pnthmtaries. Mr. Henry Hedly. > Mr. ——*- Linch. Mr. John Cooke, Clerk of the Papers in the Poultrey- Compter. ~ Clerk-Sitters of the Poultry-Compter. William Conftandne. I Peter Normanfell . Robert Conway. | John Foley. Mr John Foxjll, Clerk if the Papers in Woodftreet- Compter. C lerirSitters if Woodlheet-Compter. Thomas Emme* I George Palmer. h»rge Node* | Thomas Hoiuwood. Clerks j86 Ete Parent &tatt Partin, Clerks of the Markets, wi. Ltaim-HaU, Stub, Hmiln, and Markets, and St Gttrge’s, or the Med.- Market It J&rr-Canal. Jims Richartlfm,ECq; Tht. Kilntr, Efqi Mrs. Dirttty Huiihinfm, lZStn& nt.} S «P^ ir ° rs Un(ler them - Mr. Gnrgt Rimn, Coroner. Mr. Rtginald Marritt, Auditor. Mr. Tht. Ptatil, Clerk of the Chamber. Mr. William Martin , Clerk’ to the Commiflioners of Sewers. - Clifford, Efq; Clerk of the Court of Confcience, Mr. William Bmbt, Beadle of the Court of Conference. SOUTHWARK. Sptnttr Cttptr, Efq-, Clerk Comptroller of the Bridge* Houfe: , , , JthnGttfrr, Efq; Steward of the Borough of Sntth. mark. ... Hmrj Mirtjn, Efq; Bailiff of the Borough of Satb- • .4 PartHI. of ENGLAND. j8 7 A Lift of tie Officers of the Trained Bands of the City LON DON. I, The Orange Regiment. T HE Honourable Sir Robert Clayton, Knight and Alder¬ man, Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel, Nathanael Long. Major, Rob- Cower. Firft Captain, Hen.Coxed. Second Captain, Hen. Daintry. Third Captain, Booth Hereford. Fourth Captain, Pet. Boulton. Fifth Captain, from Fierce. •II- Teliow Regiment. The Honourable Sir Thomas Stamf, Knight and Alder¬ man, Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas Emms. Major, IVtUiam Cooke. Firft Captain, Wiliam Hulls Second Captain, The. Freeman. Third Captain, Sutton Sharpe. Fourth Captain, William Jewel. Fifth Captain, John Lelceux HI. White Regiment. The Honourable Sir William jjhurjl, Knight and Alder¬ man, Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel, John Ayres. Major, JolmWilkes. Firft Captain. John Marina. Second Captain, John Heron. Third Captain, William Grayburjl. Fourth Captain, John Hatley. Fifth Captain, Daniel Tileftn. IV f8 8 nt Pjtftnt fctate Part Hi, IV. Red Regiment. The Honourable Sir Themat Lane, Knight and Alder* man, Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel, Bt»j. Dry. Major, Ida. Hark. Firft Captain, Tim. Thtmiury. Second Captaini Jfaac Dightai. Third Captain William Smith. Fourth Captain, Char. Bainta. Fifth Captain, And. Philift. V. Blue Regimept. The Honourable Sit Oam Buckingham, Knight and Al> derman, Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel, Sam. Wtjhl. Major, Jirm. Jihnftn. Firft Captain, Rich. Ccllim. Second Captain, Thmtu Htrhicii Third Captain, Matthau Pierce. Fourth Captain, Nathan Gregory. Fifth Captain, lofyh Radclife. VI. Green Regiment. The Honourable Sir William Hedges, Kt. and Alderman, late Colonel of this Regiment, decealing, the Officers then in Commiftion were, Lieutenant-Colonel, lamu Beddingti#. . Major, Peter Ejfmgtm. Firft Captain,. Jain Geafi. Second Captain, Hen. Langford. Third Captain, lohn Shmy. Fourth Captain, William Baker■, Fifth Captain, Felix Ftajl 4 PartHI. of ENGLAND. A Lift of the Lieutenancy of the Citf of London QIR William Gore, Kt. Icrd Nathanael Tench J Mt>) 0 r. John Railey The Lord Mayor for the Francis Goffright time being. Samuel Powell Sir Robert Clayton James Denew Sir William Pritchard Jofeph Scriven Sir Rob. Geffries Daniel Allen Sir Thornes Stamp RobertRaworth Sir John Fleet Thomas Shaw Sit William Alhurft William Fawknet Sir Salathiel Lovell, Reorder. James Boddington The Recorder for the time Henry Hatley being. John Adams ' Sir Jonat. Raymond Benjamin Whitchcott Sir Samuel Dafhwood ' Charles Chamberlaine Sir Thomas Lane Richard Alie Sr John Houblon John Nichols Sir Edward Claike William Colibn Sir Humphry Edwin Richard Hoare Sir Francis Child. James Smith Sir Richard Levetc ’ Sir Jofeph Smart Sir Thomas Cooke Peter Joye Sir Thomas Abney William Hooker SirTho. Halton, 7 Arthur Baton Sir John Mordant, (‘Btrmit. John Sawyer Sir Hen. Alhurft, j Sir Jeffrey Jeffreys Sir John Lethieulliet Nathanael Hawes Sir Peter Vaudeput William Strong Sir William Ruflel John Jefieys Sirjeremy Sambrook John Eift Sir Gabriel Roberts Richard Pierce Sir Thomas Vernon EdmundBoher Sir William Scawen John Motrice Sir Stephen Evance RkhardBrlftw Sir Henry Furnefe John Hammond Thomas Papillon IfaacHoublon Thomas Fredcticke. '• GHb. Heatbcote ITIje pjcfcnt fetatc Partin’ J9° John Cary Henry Cornilh George Gooday John Morgan Tho. Goddard George Bourne, Effi Thomas Death Robert Foot Sir Thomas Kuddon, Kt. John Bickley William Gunn John Cullum I Sir Owen Buckingham, fir, Sam. Stanyei ] Michael Rolles ; Sir William Coles, Kt. Richard Young Arthur Shallett John Munford John Sherbrook Sir John Wolf, Kt. Daniel Dorville Rich. Gwynne John Lordell Sam. Lock, Eff, I Sir Barth. Gracedieu, Kt, John Barm, Clerk to the Lieutenancy. Joftph Hjde, Multer-Maller. William Bird, MclTenger, A Lift of the Offtctrs of the Tower of London. ^Onftableof the Tower, Montague Venailes, Earl ofi. Lieutenant, Lieutenant-General Churtkil. Gentleman-Porter, The. Sergeant, Efq; Tower-Major, Marmaduke Seal, Eft}', Officers of the Ordnance, Mailer-General of the Ordnance, the Right Honoutabh Henrj Earl of Rmnty. Lieutenant-General, the Honourable Sir Hmr) Ctedrii, Knight and Baronet. Surveyor-General William Bridget, Efq; Clerk of the Ordnance, C hr. Mufgrtnit, Efq; Keeper of the Stores, James Lem her, Efq; Clerk of the Deliveries, Jihn Pultenj, Efq; Tresfurer and Pay-Mailer, C bar . Birth , Efq; PartIIL of ENGLAND. J5I Alfilhnt-Surveyor, miliam Bolter, Efq; Deputy-Keeper of the Armory, C harlet May, Efq; Keeper of the fmall Guns. Tho. Gardntr, Gent. Chief Engineer, Sir Marlin Beckman , Kt. Second Engineer, Colonel HtUraft Blood. Mailer-Gunner of England, Lieutenant-Colonel George Mates to the Mafter-Gunner. Captain JohnLcah. I Captain Tho. Silver. Captain Tho. Dodge. | Yeoman of the Tents and Toyls, Thu. Howard, Efq; Chief Fire-man, Major John HoiryHifki, Mailer-Waggoner to the Office, Captain Cha. Ball. Proof-Mailers, Mr. John Blah, Mr. John Alim. Clerk of the Cheque, Mr. Matthew Bliton. MelTengers to the Office, Mr. Ida. Snapir. ' Officers of tie Mint within tht Tower. Warden of the Mint, Sir John Stanhy, Bar. Mailer-Worker, Jfaac Newton, Efq; Comptroller, John Elite, Efqj Queen’s chief Clerk, and Clerk of the Papers, Thotnae Bah Efq; AITay-Mafler, Daniel Brattle, Efq; Surveyor of the Meltmg.Grt. Evans, Efq; Weigher and Teller, Hopton Haims, Efq; Ingraver, Mr. Henry Harris. Provolt, Mr. John Brent. ■ Melter, Mr. Philip Shales. Porter to the Mint, Mr. Rich. Dollar. Keeper of the Records within the Twer, ml. Pttit, Efq; Keeper of the Records of State, A fl$ejM‘nt£t«te Partin. A Lift cf the frefmt Dean and PrehtndarUiif WESTMINSTER. D R. fhornai Sprat, the Dean qf fVefhninJler, Roth/fier. Dr. South Canonof Cbriji't-Churcb, Oxford. Dr. Onlf, Minitter of St. Margarets. Dr. Breval, Sub-Dean. Mr. De Sartre. Dr. Birth, Minitter of St- Brldtt. Mr. Upman, E.ellowof Erjn. Dr. Dent. Dr. Linford. Matter of the School, Dr. The. Knipt. A Lift cf the Officers and others belonging to tht CVSTO M-HOV SE. The Seven. Commiflioners. C Harles Godolphin, £/ji*j Samuel Clarke, £/?; Benj. Overton, £/?; { Robert Henly, £/?; ■ >Eaib rqoo L pir Aupua . Thomas Newport, £fy; I Arthur Mainwaring, £/?; I William Culliford, Efy-, j partlll. of ENGLAND, t Ihefe Commiffioners hold their Pieces by Patent from the Queen, as thefe other Officers alfo do, whofe Names follow,- viz. •jib Sanfom Secretary, —-4 JibBridgtt, Efq; Sollicitor, ■■ -3 Nicbilat, Efq; Surveyor-General,-51 wjhmt, Efq;' Receiver-General andCa -7 flieer, . i 10 Inland Hilt, Efq; Comptroller-General of ? theAccompts, ’ J 10 Sr Jthn Criff, Bar. Colle&or of the Subfidy! outwards, £ 1 litbard Miller, Efq} Cuftomer of the Cloth? and Petty Cuftoms outwards, j 1 Sir him Shtm, Kt. and Bar. Colleftor In-? ward, S +l to. Starkly, Efq; Cuftomer of the Petty- 7 Cuftoms Inward, 5 Ttmth) Tbeniarj, Cuftomer of the Great? Cuftoms on Wool and Leather expor- > ;ik Needier, Efq; Comptroller of thtf Great! Cuftoms, j : ]ib BeckxtU, Efq, Comptroller of the Subfidy ! Inward and Outward, £ 3 - lith. Bretm, Efq; Comptroller of the Cloth? and Petty-Cuftoms Inwards and Out- >■ a, wards, J Lord Scarbimgh. Surveyor of the Cuftoms? _ and Subfidies Inwards and Outwards, i I' ;ih £arl, Regifter of the Seizures,——.-a, in. Fanjbtm, Efq; Regifter in the Queen’s? Remembrancer’s Office for Clerks, ire. inf 1 a. looking after Coaft-Bonds, j fhttb. HumberJIm, Uflier of the Cuftom-( Houfe, J 01 fte Chief Searcher,- — .-- —■%— r . SHje parent fctate Pari Hi, *94 Seven Under-Searchers, at is/, each fir An-\ Annum. In all j "f 00 00 Nineteen King’s Waiters at 51/. each pirl „„ Annum. In all 2'"® 00 “ Officers appointed bj Warrant from the Lord High- . , Treafurer. W illiam Dem, Sollicitor for Coafl-Bonds, - 50 One Examiner outwards, —. ——030 One Copying Clerk outwards, — ■ -030 One Examiner inwards,- 0 6o One Receiver from the Plantations, - - — lo; Receiver for the Grand Receipts inwards,-- ■ Sir John Sham, Bar. Receiver for Wines and > Currans, • One Copying Clerk inwards, -- 0+0 Two Wine-Taftersat 80/ each—-— \6o Cne Examiner of the Sufficiency of Officers! Security, >100 One Clerk of the Coaft-Bulinefs,--040 One Afliftant to the Clerk of the Ships En-') ^ One Northern Clerk, —_ 0 g 0 One Plantation Clerk, - _ o8o One Copying Clerk. ---- Four Examiners of the Our-Port Books, -- too Three Jerquers at 100 /. each, -- -- 3 oo making^ o Two Appraifers, each 30/. * tort m. of ENGLAND. Six Pair of Gars for the Coaft-Colleftors,'? , each 6ol. fir Annum, j 3°° 00 oa One Pay-Mailer of the Incidents,- t ■ i. .. ■ 040 oa 00 One Examiner and Computer of the Duty onl Wines and Currans, j c ^° 00 00 A Door-keeper, 101. and a Melfenger 30.A 040 00 09 Six Watchmen for the Houfe at 15 /. per 7 Annum each,' J 150 00 09 Jilm Devin, Surveyor of the Warehoufe,——100 00 00 Warehoufe-keeper for a Clerk,— ' . - — - ojo 00 oa Adidant to the Surveyor of the Warehoufe, — 080 00 oo- One Surveyor of the Coaft-Waiters,--offo 00 00 One Clerk to the Tide-Surveyors, and to fee) the Weighing-Porters on work, j 8 00 00 Twenty five Weighing-Pottos at jjl. eacli.J, gJj oQ ^ Cooper, - - - ■-- -—-lo 00 00 Eight Surveyors of the Land-Waiters at 1 each, , *°k^I200 00 o* hhDtvt, Efqj Surveyor of the Searchers, - i -‘* ayo 00 five Searchers at So l. per An. each. — 300 00 lih Berry, Regifter of the Cocquets Certifi-^ oQ w Eght Tide-Sutveyots at 60 /. each, ——— 4I0 00 0*« Thirty one Land-waitets at Sal., each, 6480 69 60 Two Hundred Tidefinen at 40 and 35 l.ptr\ Jmm c f 99 Qqa 69 69 $6* ss Sftej&jefcnt State Seventeen Land-Carriage Men at 35 /. each, 'whofe Bulinefs is to take Notice of all Goods by Carriage which ought to pay Cuftoms, One Surveyor of the Land-Carriage Men,— Thirty fix Watchmen at 61. ryr. each,- Eighteen Noon-Tenders, Who attend the Good! on the Keys, whilft the other Offi¬ cers go to Dinner, at 1 61. cadi, I Tight Pair for the Tide-"' Surveyors. I One for the Surveyor 1 of the AS of Naviga -1 ,apairof Olrs< 0 '‘°£ r the Selrchers> V I One for the VVood-Of -1 GrtvtftnJ, one Searcher, -r — TwoPair of Oars thereat 30 1. each, - ttigb, one Surveyor, Waiter and Searcher, - Two Pcrfons to clean the Cuflm-lmfe, - Birkit1 ,1 Part HI. of ENGLAND. ?97 In the Receiver-General and Cajbeer'i Office l. s. i. Bis Aflilhnt,- - . - - too oo oo Three Clerks, — - - — 140 oo oo One to get Bills of Exchange accepted,-jo 00 00 Another Clerk for Bills of Exchange, ■ yo 00 00 The Gtavcfend Smack, and five Men, &c. . 34 6 00 00 Sew England, one ColIeSor, and Surveyor, 7 and Searcher of her Majefty’s Duties in f 100 00 00 the feveral Colonies of New-England, J Valent-Officers in the Out-Ports, Sir Edmund Curncr, Surveyor-General, ■ 355 13 04 SirAaich, Richard Breton, Iifq; Cuftomer,- 71 08 04 One Comptroller, - - — 1 y 06 08 Chichejlir, one Cuftomer, — — • -.- 61 00 00 One Comptroller at 13 /. at 101. r. One Searcher^ Smthamftm, one Cuftomer inward, - tfa 13 04 One Cuftomer outward, ■ 62 13 04 One Comptroller, 4y/. Searcher 10/.-yy 0000 Pul, one Cuftomer. —-18 00 00 One Comptroller 10/. Searcher 8 /.- 18 00 00 Exm, one Cuftomer, - 83 06 68 One Comptroller, 10 L 16s. c8 d. Searcher, 10/. 30 06 08 Plimuth, one Cuftomer, — .. 38 ry 04 One Comptroller, tol. 161. id. Searcher Jo/. 40 16 08 Gimcejltr, one Cuftomer,-■ ■ . 06 13 04 One Searcher, - - . - 08 13 04 Brijltl, one Cuftomer outward,--y7 00 00 One Cuftomer inward, ——. . ■ . 57 00 00 One Comptroller, - — . ,, 31 13 04 Four Queen’s VVaiters at ry/, each, ■■■-— — 60 00 00 One Searcher, — - .. - , 00 00 Qq 3 Bridge. £|)t $ie(ctit f&tatc BridgmHr, one Cuftomer, ——— One Comptroller '■ - M/Z/W-Haven, one Cuftomer, -- One Comptroler, wl. Searcher id. - Ctriliffi, one Cuftomer. - One Comptroller, ro /, Searcher, id. — Ipfmtb, one Cuflomer, ■ One Comptroller i; l Searcher, 8 A . - Ytrmuth, one Cuftomer, — One Comptroller, 10 I, Searcher, 8 U —— ' Ljm Ripit, one Cuftomer, t— One Comptroller, - —— One Searcher, - CtrliJU, one Cuftomer, - Pne Comptroller, to /. Searcher, 10 1. - Btllin, two Cuftomers, — pne Comptroller, i a /. 92 i. Searcher, j 1 . Hull, Sir Matthtv Applcyard, Cuftomer, — Comptroller, 161 13 s. 41/. Searcher, 12 L — NmctJHt, two Cuftomers, - One Comptroller, 20 /. Searcher - CheJIer, one Cuflomer, — One Comptroller, —— Searcher, — _ Bmitk, one Cuftomer, — — One Comptroller, _— f99 Partlll. of ENGLAND. A Lift of tk (Royal Society . The Trefent Council, "Eleven of •which are to he con -' timed till St. Andrew’; Day, 1702. T HE Right Honourable John Lord Semen, Baron of Eve ' flam, Prelident. Funds Alton, Efq; John Bembde,£/y; James Bridges, £/« William Byrd, %; Maurice Emmet, Efq; John Evelyn, %; Thomas Foley, Efq; Robert Hook, M. D. G.C. John Hutton, Mid. Reg. Abraham Hill,£/f; I Sir John Hoskins, Kt. if Bur. Samuel Pepys, Efq; Alex. Pitfield, Efq; Matthew Prior, Efq; I Sir Rob. Southwel, Kt. Edward Southwel, Efq; Hans Sloane,At, D .. Prof. | Edw. Tyfon, M. D. Richard Waller, Efq; John Woodward, At. D. Prof. the re(l of tht Members. w’s/ass «f Welle, . Aitb. Bayley,£Jy; ! Mr. Char. Barnard I Jonat. Blackwell, Efq; Orlando Bridgman, Ejq; of 1 War w. | Orlando Bridgman, Efq; Robert Briggs, A. M. Prof. I , Hw. lirown, M. D, Tho. Brown, M. D. \ faul Bowes, Efq; I Sir Rich Bulkley, Kt. andBtr. [John £. of Carbery. Henry E. of Clarendon. St. George, Lord Bijkf of \ Cloyne. i Edward Lord Bijhof of Cork ' and Rofs. Will. Cockburn, M. D, Mr. Dethleus Cleuverus. Sir Godfr. Copley, Bar. Mr. William Cowper. j Daniel Co \,M.D. | Tho.Crifp,£/ift Mr. James Cunningham. Qq 4 Sir <5bo I^eMmtate Partlfl. Sir Anth. Dean, Kt. Mr. Sam. Doody. ohn Flamfted, Afl.Rtg. ohn Fryar, M. D. Patrick Gordon, M. A. Sir Rob- Gordon, Kt. David Gregory, M. D. Nehemiah Grew, U. D. Sir Row!, Gwynne,J». Charles Lari Hallifax. John Herbert, E/y; Edw. Haines, Eft; Mr.Edm. Halley. Mr. Edw. Haitlwell- Ahth. Hammond, E/y; John Harris, A. M. John Harwood, LID. John Henley, E/y; Mr. John Houghton. Charles Howard tf Norfolk, % • Edward Howard af Norfolk, £/y; Hugh Howard, E/y; John Jackfon, E/y; Sir Charles Ifaac, C t. Tho. Illed, E/y; Sir Edmond King, Kt. Tho.Kirke, E/y; Edw. Laney, Prof. Ti. Grtf. Martin Lifter, M. D. Sir John Lowther, Bar. Sir Berkley Lucy, Bar. John Mapletoft, D. D. Walter Mills, M. D. Benj. Middleton, E/y; Rob.'Molefworth, E/y; Tho. Molineux, M. D. Mr. George Moult. William Mufgrave, LL D. Edw. Notris.M. D. Rob.Nelfon, E/y; • John Newy,vf. M. Ifaac Newton, E/y; Thomas E. af Pembroke. Edw'. Pagett, A. Af. Mr. James Petiver. Mr. James Pond. Thomas Povey, E/y; Robert Pitt, M. D. Thomas Lord Bifbap af Ro- chelter. Lard Reay. John Ray, A■ M. Richard Robinfon, M.D. Tancred Robinfon, A/. D. Jofeph Ralphfon, M.A. Francis Roberts, E/y; Gilbert Lord Bifbap t/JiHf. bury. Lord yifiamt Seafield. JArd yifeount S'helbome* Fred. Stare, M.D. Tho. Smith, D.D. Sir John Stanley, Bar. Edward Smith, Dim tf Si. Par. William Stanley,D.D. Geo. Stepney, E/y; Sir Philip Sydenham. Lard Kijcomt Tarbat. Ralph Thoresby, Gent. Alex. Torriano, Aflr. ?rtf. Grejb. Thomas Lord f'ifcmnt VVe)’. mouth- Sir Chr. Wren, Kt. ‘ John Wallis, D.D. Git. tr Sir Paul Whichcote, Kt.n. Bar. Sir Tho. Willoughby, Bir. Geori*e Worth, E/y; William Wotton,B.D. Benj. Woodtofe, D-D. Chr. Wren, E/y; Sir Cyril Wyche,©.' Part III. of ENGLAND. Perfons of other Nations. D S. Giorgisu Baglivu;. Ds Balthazar Becker, M. D. Ds Dminicus Btttomts. Ds Bafnage de Buaval. Ds Dimitiicit! Cajfmi, Aft. Reg. Pa. Ds Jacobus Cajjmi , Ds Abrahmtu Cppriamss Ds Thomas Dtlhtm Ds Joannes Dilttus, M. D. Ds Nuhdaui Fatio de Duilliet Ds Stephana* Giefjry Ds Guliehnims Ds Jo- Theodor. Hiinfon, HanOV. D iVrbanm Wane Ds Jo, Phil, Jordis, M, D. Franc. Ds David Krieg Ds Gothofr-.Gul, Libnitius, J.V.D. 'Ds Antonius Leatnheeck, De. diChriftopher Uyoncrona, S.M.S.R. Ds. Abrahams de tiiivre Ds Jo. Marjigli, Com. Im. R. Ds Jo. Burchardiu Mcnckmius Ds Dimyfius Papin, M. D. Ds Louis Paul, M. D. Ds h. Nicholaus Pechlin, M. D. Ds Mojfes Pujtltu Ds Jo. Ambroftus Santti Ds Pttrus Silveflre Ds Francifcus Spoletus, Med. Pr. Pr. pa. Ds Bz.de Spanhtim Ds O.'.'o Spirlingius Ds Jo. Adams Stamfer Ds Francifcus Travigsti, Ph.Ven. Ds Bajmundus Fieufies, M. D. Ds Vuttintiu! Psvianui, Mat. Flor. Ds HicolausWitfin,Cool, Amft. fOii gjffcitt fetter Partin 6ot The College of Civilians, called Doftors Commons exercent in London D R. G targe Oxtnden, Dean ind Official, Principal of the Arches Court of Canterbury, and Vicar-General, and Principal Official to the mod Reverend Father in God, TU- mat Lord Archbilhop of Cantcrbury ; and Dean and Commillary of the Peculiars belonging to the laid Archbi¬ lhop. Sir Clurlts Htlgii,Kt. Do&ot of Laws, one of her Mi- jelly’s Principal . Secretaries of State, Judge of the high Court of Admiralty, Mailer of the Faculties, and Chancel- lour of the Diocefs of Rachifier. Sir Richard Raimi, Kt. Doftor of Laws, Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury. Dr. Tbamas Baurekier CommilTary of the Diocefs of Cm. terbury. Sir JahnCaake, Kt. her Majefty’sAdvocate-General, and* Official to the Archdeacons of Lanim and C tlcbtjltr. Dr. Henry Faleanberg, Chancellour of the Diocefs of St. David's, Official to the Archdeacon of Sujjalt, and Regiiter of the Faculties. Sir William Trumbal, Kt. Dr. Thmas Briggs, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Chichi’ Her. Dr. William QUji , Chancellour of the Diocefs of Linciln, and Official to the Archdeacon of St. yilbam. Dr. Jahn Edisbury Chancellour of the Diocefs of Exettr, and Commillary to the Dean and Chapter of Weftninpr, JJr. Charles O'Avinanti Dr. Henry Wmtan. Advocate to the Lord High Admiral of England, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Landau, and Offi¬ cial to the Archdeacon of Effex. Dr. Jahn St. Jahn. Dr. Geargt Bra npjlan. Official t (the Archdeacons of MV. dlefix and Surrey. Dr. Stephen Wader. Dr. Matthew Tindal Dr. Jahn Qtnant, Dr. of ENGLAND. Part III. 6oj Dr. Thomas Lam. fit. Richard Paget. Dr. John Hamad, ConmifTaty to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's. Dt. William Clement Dr. William King, Judge of her Majefty’s High-Coutt of Admiralty in the Kingdom of Inland. Dr. lehn Bridges. Dr. Thimas /tjlefi, Cliancellour of the Diocefs of Oxford. Dt. William Beak. Dr. Nathanael Lloyd. Dr. John 'Exton. Dr. Charlti Herriot. Dr. Jamii A) lop. Other ChmciBoi/n not admitted Advocatei in Dorftors-Commons. D R. Henry Watkinfen, Vicar-General to the of York. Archbiflaop Dr. Thomas Wainright, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Che. Dr. William Cocke, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Ely. Dr. Rickard Parfont, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Gin. Dr. Wiliam Haghei, Chancellour of the Diocefs of firsthand Dr. John Jones, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Landafe. Dr. - Brooksiank, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Ditr- Ji!m Price, Batchellour of Laws, Chancellour of the Dio¬ cefs of Wmipr. ttarhs Baldwin, Batchellour of Laws, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Hereford. Dr. Robert Wyrm, Chancellour of the Diocefs of Sr. Ur.- Reynolds , Chancellour of the Diocefs of Peter¬ borough. p r .- Pmningtm, Chancellour of the Diocefi of Ban. <04 ffi&e Ipjefent &tate Partin. Pet a Mias, Batchellour of Laws, Chancellour of the Dioctfi of Wimhijler. Thomte Tally, B.D. Chancellour oL the Diocefs of Car lift. Robert Loggan, Batchellour of Laws, Chancellour of tit Diocefiof Strum. Htnn Raines and Willi am. IValmiJly, Batchellours of Laws, Chincellours of the Diocefs of C oventry and it/d- field.. Chtrlit Slofer, A. M. Chancellour of the Diocefi of Brijlol. T Homas Smith, Efq; Queen’s ProSor. Everted Exton, Efq; Mr John Hill Mr Richard Neacourt Mr Francis Niton Mr Thomas Tillot Mr Thomas Swallow Mr Peter Barra Mr Godfrey Lee Mr 3 kmas Rock Samuel Wifeman, Efq; Mr John 1 lungerford Mr John Mill* Mr Keate Waller Mr Edward Sham Mr John Lovell Mr John Roberts Mr John Tomlinfon Mr George Sayer Mr Robert Conjlablt Mr Robert Pierftm Mr Edward Cooke Mr John Cottle Mr James Bridges Mr Jeffrey Glafter Mr William Jones Mr Wiliam Hafiefoot Mr Thomas Roufe Mr Thomas Newman Mr Richard Sheila Mr Samuel Beheme Mr Mark, Sayer Mr Edward Alexanda . Mr Robert Wilma l Mr Thomas Willymoit Proftors in the Arches Court of Canterhurj, the 4 PartHI. cf ENGLAND. 6of REGISTERS. n 1 'chvd Crawley, Efq; Regifter to the High-Court of De« IN legates. lait-jiius Maidmll, Regifter of the Arches Court of Cm* gay Farrant, Deputy-Regifter. J tin By an, Gent. Actuary of the fame. Tomas Tillot, Deputy-Afluary. 0 rhndoGie, Efq; Regifter of the High-Court of A rim? . ralry. • Kitb. Crawley, Efq; Deputy-Regifter. "lik Chick, General-Marital. Hi Prerogative Office, or Regi/hy for tie ■Prerogative Wills iitthe Archbiffiofrick of Canterbury. E retard Extern, Batchellour of Law.-, Regifter of the Pre. rogative Court of Canterbury. Mr. Thomas Welham, Deputy-Regifter. Clerks in the faid Office. Mr. Charles Pinfold I Mr. Rupert Browne He. "John Cottle {Mr. William Dev Mr, John Holman * Mr. Thomas Giles Officers belonging to theCourt Marjhal. Her Majefty’s Advocate, William Oldys, DoGor of Laws, Regifter of the Court, John Cheek. Secretary and Seal-Keeper, Francis Negus, Efq; PRO- Cfctj^crent frtatc Part HI, PROCTORS. 4b6 Mr. tverard txton, Batchellour of Lawfc Mr. John Hill. Mr. Francit Nixon Mr. Smut Wifeman Mr. Kent Waller Mr. Edward Shaw. Mr. Thomat fViUpmtt. Marlhi] of the Court, Mr. John Curry. A Catalogue if the Fcllowt and other Members of the RoyJl College of Phyficians. FELLOWS. S IR Thomat Millington, Kt. Prefident Dr Walt. Charleton, Cenfor Dr Sam. Cellini, Cenfor Dt Thomat BurwtU Dr Peter Barwick Dr John Lawfon, Eleft Dt EJw. Browne, Treafuier, Eleft Cenfor Dr Jejtat Clarke, Eleft Dr Rich. Terlefe Dr Samuel Morrit Dr Tkmat Alvei Dr Edw. Httlfe, Eleft Dr Charlet Goodall Dr Pbineat Fewke Dr Walt. Harr it. Cenfor Di William Brim Dr Walter Millt Dr Bdw.Tyfon Dt Frederick Stare Dr Rich. Darnelli Dr John Bateman Dr William Johnfttm Dr William Dawn Dr The. Gill, Regifter Dr Rich. Robinjon Dr Lancelot Harrifen Dr Martin Lifter Dr Robert Pitt Dr Richard Field Dr Edmund Dicktnfm Sir Edmund King, Kt. 'Dr Chr. Lovt-Morler Dr Edward Baynard Dr Theodore Colladon Dr Richard Blackhurnt Dr Chrijlian Harrel Dr Simon Welman Dt George How Dt Nathanael Johnson Dr Robert Pierce Dr Robert Gray Dr Richard Smith Dt Part III. of ENGLAND. go? | Honotary-Fellows. Dr lojhua Lt Few Dr Tmmat Waljh Dr JohnRatcliffe Dr John Harrtjm nn Shan Sir Richard Blackmore , Kt. Dr Tanered Robinjm Dr Richard Carr Dr John Hutton Dr Jam it Welmod Dr Peter Geljllmp Dr William Mufgrave Dr Humph. Ridley Dr William Gibbmt Dr William Could Dr John Ilaroys Dr Robert Conny Dr Sam. Garthe Dr Hugh Chamberlin Dr W,Ilium Cole Dr Saiuibury Cade Dr liicbelat Dr John Nieholfon Dr nomat Hoy DtUma, Sutton Dr joiepb Gaylard CANDIDATES. Dr j [ohnWoodward | Dr Edm. Horrit -Colebrook I - ■ ■- Wollafion Dr Rid,. Morton Dr - Wright ykGidtitrHarvtj ‘ Or Rob. Fielding Or John Wtndebank Or Hen. Sampfon Dr Daniel Cox Dr Hebert. G/ea Dr Tho. Gibfin licentiates. Dr Joint Feak ' Hr Ifaac Chattticy Dr- Chrijiopher Crtl Dr John Gnenvelt Or Philip Guide Or Jofh. Palmer Dr Henry Monti Mi John Peeke Or Wit. Sydenham Or John Janet Dr Charley Hieholt Or David Hamilton Dr John Defray Hr W'illiam GrimbalJlou Dr Caleb Coatfmrth Dr Sebaflian le Feure | Mr John Trail Mr FraxitUptn Mr Tbomaf.Betttret OrJametMfltdleer . Or John Chnrh Or Philipp Dr Tbmut Rolfe Mr Wtl Oliver Dr Qltv.Horfman Mr Ralph Hub Dr Tho Walker l . Or 'jodocut CruL Dr Pet. Sylveftri Dr Cha. Morton , Dr Get. Fleming 6o8 Sctefjefent^taU Piftlffi Dr Stephen Hunt ' \?. r -7^' , Mr William Ceckhum I Mr John Colhatch Mr Them* Turberville Dr Abraham Cjprianut Dr John Crichtn * A Lift of tie Contmiffimtn, and other Principal Cflictn of the Excife. Frntit Pamf, EG}; I Chief Commiffioners and Govern.' William Stret «,Efqi . ^ ours for the Management of Gee. Tonnjbend, Efq; j the Excife. Philip R-rh, ECq; I Rich. Ceckt, Efq* . J Sir William Hmrverd, Bat. Rich- Bekt, Elq; Gee. Doddingtm,E£}i Edmund Chalrnr, Efq; lehnbetk, Efq; .. Mr. CbriPepkerJilfim, Regifler to the Comqiiflloners (d Appeals. Commiffioners for Appeals. Sir Baftl Dixmll, Bar. Auditor. Lord How, Comptroller. • Thcmar HaB, Eft; Receiver-General. George Teller, Efq; Secretary. ties, Efq; Regifter. Whitlock Bulflrode, Efq; Solicitor. Mr. Dean Montague, Accoroptint-General. Commiffioners of Wine-Licences. Sir Stephen Evance,Kc. Nickel* Fem, Efq» I William Tootle, Efq; | Them* leht,a Windtm-Men. James Walker, J Officers of the Foreign Office. Mr. Alhburnham Erowde, Comptroller. Mr. James Lawrence, Aphaitt-Kecper. cut K S. Mr. Francis Clewet | Mr. Daniel Farettes Mr. William Goflin Mr. Charles Good Mr Adam Franco I Mr. Peter Motteux Mr. Swift, Receiver's Clerk. Mr. Charles Booth, Accmptant's Clerk. A Lift of the Heads of the Colleges and Hah in the Univerfit/ of Oxford. H IS Grace James Duke of Ormond, Chancellonr. Univerfity-College Dr. Charlett, Mailer. Bu/id-College, Dr. Maunder, Mailer and Vice-Chancellor!! Mrnm College, Dr. Lyi/c/1,,Warden. torrr-College, Dr. Painter, Reftor. OnV-College, Dr. Roffe, Provoll. QueenVCollege, D;. /fallen, Provoll. New-College, Dr. Traffics, Warden. /.i>i«/ii-College, Dr. Adams. Reftor. All-Souls College, Dr. Finch, Wardea Mandates i-College, Dr. Regers, Prefident. Brazen-Nofe-College, Df. Mtar, Principal- Corpus C hrifli College, Dr. Turner, Prefident. Chtill-Church College, Dr. Aldrich, Dean. 7>/mr/-College,Dr. Prefident. St. John's College, Dr. Dclaum, Prefident. PartHI. of ENGLAND. 6n Jefus-College, Dr. Edwards, Principal. Wadham- College, Dr. Dunjler, Warden JWrcfa-ColIege, Dr. mi, ( Bifliop of Brifil) Matter. HALLS. St. Edmund-HM, Dr. Mill, Principal. St. Dr. Bmchicr , Principal. Harr-Hall, Dr. Thonten, Principal. New-Inn Hall, Dr. Bailey, Principal. St. Afrrv-Hall, Mr. Wyat, Principal. .V.ir^.r/cc-Ha]], Dr. Mams, Principal. Gkuteftir-HM, Dr. modrofte, Principal. magistrates. Chancellour, James Duke of 0 rmmd. vice-Chancellour, Dr. Roger Mandtr. Pro-Vice-Qiancellours. Mr. Osborne of £wrrr-College Mr. Mills of Bi/iV-CoIlege. Mr, Reynolds ) Mr. Gem ft ° f Cw ?" Prodors. Mr. 7 oot Cruft of £«rrr.College. Mr. Perh of Corp/rx Chrijli, Vrofejjors in the Univcrfity. Dr. William Jane, King’s ProfefTor of Divinity: Dr. Thomas Sykes, Margaret. ProfelTor of Divinity. D '.Thomas Hyde, Hebrew and A* abide Profeflot. Dr. Humphrey Hedy, King’s ProfelTor of Greek. Dr. Thomas Mich,er. King’s Profeflor of Law. Dr. Thomas Hay, King’s Piofeflor of Phyfick. Rr z It* StotyffaUptitc PartHI, Sir Thomas Millington, Natural PhiloTophy Reader. Dr. Cha. Jlinorth, Cambden-ProfelTor of Hiftory. Dr. Urn. Haem, ProfelTor of Chymiftry. Mr. Jacob Mart, Botanick ProfelTor. Mr. RJeh.Goodfon, Mufick ProfelTor. I A Ltf of the Colleget and Halls in the Vnives- fitj of Cambridge, with the Names of their Gc- vemours. H IS Grace Charles Duke of Smerfet, Chancellour. Pr. Richardfon, Vice-Chancellor*. St. Peter’s College, Dr. Richartlftm, Matter. Chirr-Hall, Dr. Blithe, Matter. PnaJroD-Hall, Dr. Rrtvne, Matter. CerfutChrilli, or Boinrtr-College, Dr. Green, Matter. Trinity- Hall, Dx.Oxenden, Matter. Genvil and Gnior-College, Dr. Holman, Matter. King’s-College, Dr. Roderick, Provoft. Queen’s-College, Dr. James, Matter. Katharine-HiW, Sir William Dans, Bar. Matter. Jefus-College, Dr. Aflnon, Matter. Chrift’s-College, Dr. Coveil, Matter. St. JrlmV-College, Dr. Goner, Matter. Magdalm-College, Dr. Sfadring, Matter. Trinity-College, Dr. Bsntlej, Matter. £»Mffl.r/-ColIege, Dr. Balsierfion, Matter. Sidnsi-Sujfix-Colkge, Dr. Johnjlon, Matter. Trofefors ft the Univerfitj. Dr. James, Regius ProfelTor. Pr. Goner, Margaret ProfelTor. Dr, Sms«ft,Cafuittical ProfelTor. Dr. Oxentlen, ProfelTor of Law. Dr. Part III. of ENGLAND. Dr. Grim, ProfelTor of Phylick. Mr. Whijhn, Mathematical ProfelTor. Mr. Taliot, Hebrew ProfelTor. Dr, Luke, Arabjck ProfelTor. Mr. Jifliua Barns, Greek ProfelTor. fAt.AyUjfe, Publick Orator. Mr. Laughters, Library-keeper. * Mr. Grove, publick Regifter. flocroEj. 6i 3 Mr. Mr. Juirif of Jefus-College. UtScarld-Gmn Dap in the Univerfitj of Oxford, mat followetb: r'lmtmcifm, or Nen-Ytars Day, Vj Epiphany, or Tmlfth-Day. hriftation, or Candlemas-Day. Annunciation, or Lady-dap Sermon at New-CsUtgt. I Aittnfion, or HolyThurjday. Redauration of King Charles the Second, or the 23th of mit-Sunday, TrinitySunday t Sermon at Mw-Co/W Friday, Saturday } Sunday^ Monday and Tuefday Morning in the 4 £? tithe, at Sermon and Congregation. dH Saints Day, the Fifth of Ktvmbtr, or GufrPowderw I ireafon. All publick Thankfgiving Days. Cbrifimat-day, R n % gi4 Wie Relent State Part HI. The Mil-Jays in the Uniwrjity of Oxford. The day the Judges come to Town, Mr Vice-Chancel*. lour and Doftors meet at St. Mary's, and then go to wait on the Judges in their Formalities. All Latin Sermons. ^ . Morning Sermons in Term-time. All Sermons ar St. Piter's in Lent. Congregation-days. a Scholafica, being the rot!) of Ftbruafp The day after MUhatlmu, when the Mayor is fwornat St. Mary's in the morning by the Senior Proftor. The Scarlet Dap in the Unh-erfity of Cambridge areas follows. ■ A LUSaints-day. Chrijlmas-day. Eafler-day. Alctnfm-day. Whit-Sunday. Trinity.Smtday Commencement. The igth of May. At the two Fairs proclaiming in Jim and Stftmlnr. The Feaft of St. Michael. The Fifth of Utmtmktr. To Funerals, Clerums, and Sttfflicatim ■ All DoHors go at to Congrtgatim. That is, in their Robes. A Part HI. of ENGLAND. 6i f A Lift of tk Foreign Mmifters at preftnt refiding in her Majefty’s Court. C OUNT Wratiflaw , Envoy Extraordinary from the Emperor. Baron Sfmhtim , EmbafTador Extraordinary from the King of Prujfm. Monfieur Nitzfthmz, Envoy Extraordinary from the King of 1‘elavd. Baron Sticl^ai, Envoy Extraordinary from the King of The Baron of tier, and Monfieur Van Harm , EmbalTa. dors Extraordinary ffom the Stata-SmtraL Baron Widnan, EmbafTador from the Eleftor of Ba. Monfieur Biyrit, Refident from the Duke of CcU. Count de Mafftj, Envoy Extraordinary from the Duke of Sarny, A Uft of the Governor, Deptj-Governeur, and Directors of the Bank of England for the Tear 1702. J ohn Ward, Efq; Governour. Abraham Houbltm, Efq; Deputy-Governour. R r 4 Twenty’ | 5 u> K\)t pjtftnt &>tate Part 111, Twenty four Direftors. Sir William AfburJI, Kt. Sir James Batman, Kt. Robert Briflow, junior. William Da Bovtrie. Ptttr Dtlmt. Jojsah Diftm. Francit Eyles. Sir William Girt, Kt. John Gould. Sir John Houllon, Kt. frim Hanger. Samuil Lethieulleur. I Jacob Rcynardfon. Sir William Seamen, Kt. I Humphrey South, fenior. 1 Nathanael Tench. Samuel Bulteel. Sir Robert Clayton, Kt* Gerard Conyers. William Dawfm. John de Vsnck, I Abraham Hill. Samuel Hiathcotc. John Shipman. A Lift »f de Names of the Governour, Deputy, anl ' Twenty-four Committees of the Honourable tif Eaft-India-Company elelledforthe Year 1701. T HE Right Worfhipful Sir John Fleet, Kt. ant} Alderman, Governour. ■ Jhe Honourable Sir Wiliam Langhont, Bar. Deputy-Gmrf The Right Honourable Charles Earl of Berkley. Sir Jonathan Andreses, Knight. Mr. Richard Achn. Mr. James Bull. Captain John BromseeB. Sir Thomas Cooke, Kt. and Alderman. Thomas Coulfon, Efq; • James Craggs, Efq; Sir Samuel Dalhmod, Knight apd Alderman. Mr. Charles du Bois. • Daniil DavaB, Efq; Part III. of ENGLAND. 617 Thmat Frederick, Efq; The Right Honourable Sir William Girt, Knight, Lord- Mayor. J mci Gray, Efq; William Hewer, Efq; Man Hall, Eft]) Mi thanatl Herne, Efq; Frederick Herat, Efq; Mr. Peter Joye. Sir Rich. Limit, Knight and Alderman. Arthur Mitre, Efq; Sir William Pritchard, Knight and Alderman. Sir Thmat Rawlinfen, Knight and Alderman. A Lift of the Names of the Direftors for the Englifii Company trading to the Ea/l-JnJieifot the Year 1702. M R, Edvard Allot Mr, Abraham Btaht Mr. Abraham Chittf. Gorge Dtddingtn, Efq; Francis Ryles, Efq; Sir Henry Farneft, Knight. Peter Gttte, Efq; Nathanael Guild, Efq; Mr. Richard Gaiegh. Sir Edtmnd Harrifin, Knight. Gilbert Heathcote, Efq; T, Mr. Samietl Heathate. Captain William Heathe. Sir Thudtre Janjftn, Knight. Mr. Henry LyelL Jtfeph Martin, Efq; Mr. Ephraim Mnmtagtu. Mr. Robert MichtU. Mi: 618 ffifct pjefent Swate Part III, Mr.-Charles Peers Mr. R John Hoblfrt, iff; Borough cf Helfton- The Hen. Sidney Godolphirt, Francis Godolphin, Eft; Borough cf Salta//l. Thomas Careur, Eft; Benjamin Boiler, £&j Btntug/i of Comelfotd. Dennis Glynn, Eft; Henry Manaton, Eft; Bmugh cf Porrplgbam, alias Wedlow. The Rt. Hen. Richird Earl tf Ranelagh. Sidney Godolphin, Eft; Borough tj Grampourd. Francis Scobell, Eft; f James Cragge, Eft, Borough of Eaftlow. Sir John Pole, Bar. •far Henry Seymour, Bar. Borough of Penryn* Samuel Trefurts, Eft; Alexander Pendarvis, Eft; Borough of Tregony. Hugh Boiciwen, Eft; Jofcph Sawle, Eft; Borough of Bofliney. [John Manley, Eft; r William Hooker, Eft; Corta’h of St. Ivc/. James Praed.Bfyj Richard Chaundler, Eft; Kimgb of Fowey. John Hicks, Eft; 'George Grenville, Eft; Borough of St. German. Henry Fleming, Eft; 'John Anllis, Eft; Borough Part III. of ENGLAND. Borough of Tornefs Borough if St. Michael. * Renai u Biller, Hy, ’ Francis Bailee, E/y; Bm^b if Newport. ‘ Sir Nicholas Monice, Bur. John Sjurk, Efa Btrmgh »/ St. Mawes. SiVjofeph Tredenham, Kt. John Tredenham, £/y; Borough of Callingron- Samuel Rolle, EJii-, 'John Ackland, £:y; Cumberland c. sir Wilfred Lawfon, Kt. am Bar. Mufgrave, Eft-, City tf Catlifle. Chriilopher Mufgrave, £/y; '.... Stanwicks, £/y; Eirough if Cockeimouch. Thomas Lamplugh, £/y; James Stanhope, £/y; ©trbplfiire 4. Thomas Coke, fly, Jolm Curzon, £/y; Tom of Derby. John Harpur, £/yj * Thomas Stanhope, £/y; 10tt)onQ)ire 16 . William Courtenay, Eh; Robert Rolle, E/y; . Ojr tf Exeter, j Vk Rt, Hon. Sir Edward Sey-, moar. Bar. Comptroller if , >!>t Aren't HmlbiU. John Snell, £jy; Q'lo -rough oi Chriftophet Mufgrave, Kt. and Bur. Thomas Coulfon, £/y; Borough if Plimouth. Tit Hm. Charles Trelawney % ’ John Woolcomb, %■ Town if Oakhampton. ' Sir Simon Leach, Rt.ofthe I Bath, 'John Northmore, E/y ; ' Borough of Ramftaple. Nich. Hooper, Serf at Law. Arthur Champheys, j Borough of Plimpton j Richard Edgcombe, % [ Thomas Jervoife, E/y; Borough of Honiton. Sir William Drake, Me. end Bar. Sir Walter Yonge, Bar. Borough of Taviftock. The R. H. Id, Robert Rullel. ThtR.H. U James RuiTel. Borough 1 if Aihburton. Sir Thomas Leaxe, Bar. * Richard Reyne!l,£/yj Borough of Clift. Dattm. and Hardnels. Nathanael Herne, E/y; Frederick Heme, £/y ; Borough of Beralfton. Peter King, £/y; William Cowper, Ejy; Borough (/Tiverton. The Rt. Hon. Charles Lord Spencer. Thomas Bere, £/y ; ©otfetfljire 10. Thomas Scrangeways, £/y ; "Thomas 62 4 j&tate Part III. Thomas Chaffin, Eft; raws c/Poole Sir William PhipparJ, A'-', William JoIIifte, Eft; Borough of" Dordiafler. Sir Nathanel Napier, Kt. and Bsr. Nathanael Napier, Eft;_ Borough if Lvme Regis. * Henry Henley. of Lee, Eft; John Eurridge, Eft; Borough of Weymouth. Anthony Henley, Eft ; The Hut. Henry Thvnne, Eft Borough of Melcomb Regis Tut Hik. Ch3r. Churcbil, Eft; George St. Lo, Eft; Borough of Bridport. * Richard Bingham, Eft; A’ejiander Pittield; Eft; Borough of Sbifcon, r.'ijs Shafhbury. Sir John Cropely, Bar. Edward Nicholas, Eft; Borough of Wardian. George Pitt, Eft; Thomas Erie, Eft; Borough of Colire C'-ftle. John Banks, oft; Richard itnvnef, Ef-; fc>uri).ard Knatchbull, Eft; i'iliiam Cage, £/?; Borough of Maid (Ion- Robert Marfliam, Kt. and r Thomas Roberts, Bar. ruga of Quecnsborough. here Crawford, Eja; :mms King, El?; Lancashire 14. Cyril Wyche, ■&. hr Ron. Charles Stanley,E/?; Qq s ' Tee Harr. John Verney, £/?; ’ John Wilkins, E/?; Taira a/ Leicefler. ‘ Sir George Beaumont, Bar. James Winftanley, £/?; JLijuolnsrtjire 11. The H. Charles Dymocke, £&; Sir John horold, Bar. City of Lincoln- Sir Edward Hulfey, Bar. * Sir Thomas /Meres, Kt. Borough of Eo/lon- The Hen- Peregrine Eertie.E/?; ’ Edward Irby, Eft; Borough of Great Grimsby. Arthur Moor, Eja; ' John Chaplain, Elf, Town of Stamford The Hon. William Cecil, Eft; The Iioi:. Charles Ilertie, EJ?; Borough of Grantham Sir William Ellys. Bar. Richard Lllvs, E/?; 6i6 S|f jPtftntjtate Part]! (fPiODIefe#. 8 . iflo^()amptonff)ire, 5 .l Warwick Lake, E/y; * Hugh Smithfon, Eft, City of Weftminirer * Sir Walter Clarges, Bar. * Thomas Crofs, £/gr; City of London. * Sir John Fleet, Kt. * Sir William Pritchard, Kt. Sir Francis Child, Kt. Gilbert Heathcote, Eft; ®ohmoutI)ff)ire, ?. John Morgan of Tredegar, Ely, Sir John Williams, Bar• Borough of Monmouth John Morgan, E/y; JllO^Olft, 12. Sir John Holland, Bur. ’ Sir Jacob Afteley, Kt. and Bar. City of Nprwich Robert Davy, Ely; Thomas Blofield, E/y; Town of Lynn-Regis Sir Charles Turner, Kt. Robert Walpole, Efj-, Town of Great Yarmouth * Benjamin England, E/y; John Nitholfon, E/y; Borough of Thetford. * Edmund Soame, E/y; * Robert Benfon, £/y; Borough of Caltlerifing Sir Thomas Littleton, Bar. ' Horatio Walpole, Ely; , JuRinian Ilham, Bar. Thomas Cartwright, E/y; 1 City of Peterborough! : Hon. Sidney Worthy, , lias Montague, E/y; , Gilbert Dolben, E/y; Town of Northampton. ■ . Sir Matthew Dudley, Bj ' Bartholomew Tate, Efy I Town ofB rackley. . Tin Hon. Charles EgertonM 'JohnJames, E/y; | Borough of Highant-Femril Thomas Pemberton, E/y Jlio^humbetlana, Sir Francis Blake, Kt. ' Bertram Stote, £/y, Town o/NeWcaftle upon Tyn Sir Henry Liddell, Bar, William Carr, £/y; Borough of Morpeth Sir John Delavall, Bar. Emanuel Scroop Howe, Efj Town o/Berwick nw n Twee Samuel Ogle, E/y; ‘ Jonathan Hutchnifon, £fj i'rancis moJyncux, ' Gervafe Eyre, E/y; Town of Nottinghai Vit Hon. William Pierre George Gregory, Ely; Borough of Fall Retfi John Thornhagh, E/y; Thomas White, EJ y; HI. Of ENGLAND. 617 l Newark «p™ Trent. I Tom of Bifhops-Caftlc. 'latthcw lenmlon. Kt. Henry Brett, E/y; t;,*. Jamss Saunderlon, Charles Mafon, Efy Robert Jenkinfon, Bar Edward Norreys, Kt. Vnivtrltty of Oxon. fta. James Bertie, E/y; Borough of Banbury. Era. Charles North, ff/y; Thomas Mackwotth, Bar. chard Halford, E/y; Tom of Salop. In Kynafton, E/y; ichard Mytton, E/y; B>rough of Bruges, alia! Bridgnorth. r Humphry Briggs, Bar. r Edward A&on, Bar. Borough 0 1 Ludlow, r Thomas Powis, Kt. rancis Herbert, E/y; B trough of Great Wenlock. 1 > William Forefkr, Kt. ieorge Welde, E/y; Sir Philip Sydenham. Bar., Nathanael Palmer, Elf, City of Briftol. Sir William Daines, Kt. ; Robert Yate, E/y; City of Hath. William Blathwait, E/y; Alexander Popham, Elf, City of Wells. , William Coward, Strjtaut at Law. HenryJottman, %» Borough of Taunton.' r . Sir Francis Warre, Bar. ’ Edward Clark, E/y; Borough of Bridgewater. Sir Thomas Wroth, Bar. r George Balch, Ely; Borough of Minehead. Alexander Luttrell, E/y, Sir Jacob Bancks, Kt. Borough of Header. Sir Francis VVyndham, Bar. James Anderton, E/y; Borough of Milburn Port. Sir Thomas Travel!, Kt, John Hunt, E/y; George Pitt, E/y; Richard Norton, E/y; City of VVinchefter. Tht R. Hott. Lord William Powlet- George Rodney Bridges, Ejyi Turn if Southampton. Adam Cardonnei Jun. Eja : Frederick Tilney, Efc Tmn if Portfmouth. Thomas Erie, £/y; Sir George Rook, Ki. Bmugh if Yarmouth. Henry Holmes, E/y; Anthony Morgan; £/y; Bmugh if Petersfield. Robert Mitchel. ' itfal&jcrm State pJ Robert Mitchel, Fff, Richard Marks, EJq; Binugh if Newport, alius Medena. Tie R. Hiii. John Lord Cutts. VVilliam Stephens, F/y; Bmugh if Stockbridge. Anthony Burnaby, tfq j * Henry Killigrtw, Eiq; Bmugh if Newton. VVilliam Ettricke, E/y; Francis Gwynne, £/y ; Bmugh if Limington. Thomas Dore* E/y; Faul Butnrdi % Bmugh if VVhitchurch. Richard VVooMon, £/y ; John Sh rimpton, Eh} Binugh if Andover. The R. Hin John Smith, Efyj Francis Shepherd, E/y; Srtaffiytolyire r Bmugh if Stafford] John Chetwynd, £f ? . Thomas Foley, Efy , J ” ’ Newcall Bmugh if NewcalUe i Line. The Rt. Him. Sir John J , fon Gower, Bur. 1 Rowland Cotton, % Bmugh of Tamwonli, Tht Hin. Henry ThynneJ Thomas Guy, £/y; Suffolk ifi. TheRt. Hut. Lyonel £«] 1 Dyfert. 1 Sir Dudley Cullum, & Binugh if Ipfwich, . * John Bence, Efai . Charles Whitaker, SJ The Hn. Henry Paget, E/y: ■ JEdward Bagot, Eh-, City if Litchfield. Sir Michael Bjdulph, Bur. Richard Dyot, £/j; . Bmugh if DunwicL Sir Charles Bloys, Bur. 1 Robert Kemp, E/y; ( Bmugh if Orford. Sir Edmund Bacon, Bur. Sir Edward Turriour, St. Bmuib tf Aldborougli i-rrHenry Johnfon, Ki. VVilliam Johnfon, Efy; Bmugh of Sudbury. | Sir Gervas Elwes, Bar. Jofeph Haskinftiles, Ejj I Biriugb if Eye. The Hon. Spencer Compti £/y; Sir Jofeph Jekyll, Kt. Serju . Binugh of St. Edmondsboi J John Harvey, F/y; Sir Thomas Felton, Bur. LtIH- of ENGLAND. 629 £uroi>, 14- ir Richard Onflow, Bar. Leonard Weyflell, Eft; Borough of Southwark, diaries Core, Eft; in Cholmley, Eft; Borough o/Blechingley. ohn Ward, Eft; John Evelin, Eft; Borough of Ryegate. iir John Parfons, Kt. Stephen Harvey, Eft; Borough of Guilford, leniil Onflow, Eft, Morgan Jlandyll, Eft; Borough of Gatton. 'Richard Onflow, Eft; f« Ho a. Maurice Thompfon, £/?; Borough of Haflemere '.Tichbourn, Eft; Theo. Oglethorp, Eft; \dou. 'GeorgeVernon, Eft; JRet, jauirc;, 10. Thomas Pelham, Efo 'lit Hon. Henry Lomley,Eft; City of Chichefter. John Miller, Eft; William Ellon, Eft; Borough of Horlham. 'Henry Cowper ,Eft; John Wicker, EJ<}; Borough 01 Midhurft. E m Lewknor, Eft; wrence Alcock, Eft; Borough oj Lewes. Thomas Pelham, Eft;. 'Richard Payne, Eft; Borough of New-Shoreham. Nathanael Gould, Eft; * John Perry, Eft; Borough rfBrambef. Francis Conway, Eft; ’John AfgiU, Eft; Boroughof Steyning. Charles Goring, Eft; " Sir Edward Hungerford,ft. of the Bath. Borough of Eafl-Grinfled. John Conyers, Eft; "JohnToke, Eft; Borough of Arundel). * Edmund Dummer, Eft; "Carew Weekes, Eft, aiartoirttfljire, 6 . Sir John Mordaunt, Bar. Sir Charles Shuckburgh, Bar. City of Coventry. SirChriftopher Hales, Bar: Thomas Gery, Eft; Borough of Warwick. The Hon. FrancisGrevile, Eft; The Hon. Algernoon Grevile. % MdbnM* Sir Chriftophet Mufgtave, Kt. and Bar. Henry Grahame, Eft; Borough of Apulby. The Hon. Gervafe Pierrepoiut, Eft; ' "James Graham, Eft; HUiltStytK 34. * Richard Howe, Eft; ' Robert Hyde, Eft, City of New Sarum. Charles Cox, Eft; 6jo Etje parent state I Robert Eyre, E/y; Borough of Wootton BalTet, Borough of Wilton. Henry St. John jrni. Eff Sir JohnHawles, Kt. ’ Henry Pinnel, % * George Bodington, Eff, Borough of Marlborough. Borough of Downton. John Jeffreys, £/y; Sir James Afli, Bar. ’ Robert Bruce, EJ'f 6rr Charles Duncombe, Kt. Borough of Hindon. Jttojtefferjerljir Sir James Howe, Bar. George Morley, Eff, Sir John Pacltingtoi Borough of Heytesbtiry. ’ William Wald ’ William Monfbn, Ejf City of Wore Edward Aflie, Eff, Samuel Swift, EJf Boroughof Wertbury. Thomas Wylde, l William Trenchard, Eff Borough of Droil Thomas Phipps, EJf Charles Cocks, Eft] Borough of Caine. Edward Foley, Eff, The R. H. Sir Charles Hedges, Borough of Evel Principal Secretary of State. Hugh Parker, Eff Henry Olivers, Eff ' John Rudge, Ejf Borough of Devizes. Borough of Bess Sir Francis Child, Kt. Salwey Winmng John Methwen, Eff Borough of Chippenham. JSo^bjgljitt The Rt. Hon■ John Lord Mor- daunt. The Rt. Hon. Wm. * Charles Montague, Eff quits of Hartingt Borough of Malmsbury. • Sir John Kaye, B The R. H. Sir Charles Hedges, City of Yoi , Kt. Prin. Secretari of Slate. Tobias Jenkins, Efj Edward Pauncefort, Eff Sir William Robi Borough of Cricklade. Teton of Kingfton * Thomas Webbe, Eff Sir William St- Q *Sampel Barker, Eff William Maifters, Borough of Great liedwin. Bcrougk of Knares Francis Stonehoufe, Eff Robert Byerly, Ef City of Worceller. Samuel Swift, Ejf Thomas Wylde, £/y; I Borough of Droitwich. | Charles Cocks, E/y; Edward Foley, Eff, Borough of Evelhim. The Rt. Hon. Wm. Li. Mar- quits of Hartington. • Sir John Kaye, Bar. City of York. Tobias Jenkins, E/y; Sir William Robinfon, Bar Town of Kingfton upon Hull, Sir William St- Quintin,Bit William Maifters, E/y; Bcrougk of Knarestorough. Robert Byerly, Eff, Borough of Ludgerlhall. Edmund Webbe, Ejf John Webbe, E/y; Borough of Old Sarum. William Harvey, Eff Charles Mompeffon, E/y; Bruce, Eff Chriftopber Stcckdale, Eff Borough of Scarborough. 'John Hungerford, E/y; William Thompfon, Eff, Borough of Ripon. Sir William Huftler, Kt. John Sharp, E/y; Birmh if Richmond. Thomas i othe. %1 Sir Charles Duncomb, Kt. * Henry Guy, £/j| Partlfl. of ENGLAND. 6ji i Baraqgi Thrisk. Sfr Godfrey Copley, Bar. I fy Thomas Frankland, Bar. , Bmtfft if Aldborongh. Robert Monfton, % ’JamesMop, % Burnt hi] norougnorigg. I fimajh if Beverly. Sir Hen- Goodricke, Kt. and Sir Charles Hocham, Bar. B„. | W|lliam Gee, Bfp Sir Bryan Stapylton, Bar. Biriugb if North-AUerton. Bmt tf Malron. ' Robert Dormer, £ fa Sir VVilljam Strickland, Bar. Jdhn Aiflaby, Eft; William Palmes, B/y; Biriufb if Pontefrafi. ' Sir John Bland, Bar- , VVilliam Lowther, % B A R. O N S of the Cinque-Ports (16.) Firt if Halting!. * "J’Hf Hro. William Alh- * - -,£fe John Poulmey. £fy; Far/ if Dover. Matthew Aylmer, Bfc Phillijl Papillon, EJr, Part if Sandwich. Sir Henry Furaeie, Kt. John Mitchell iff. Pun if Hyeth. Sir Philip Boteler, Bar. John Boteler, £/?; Tnmif New Romney. . Sir Benjamin Bathurlt, Kt. i J Thomas Fagg, E/j; l^l B °J^Vinchelfea. ' George Clark, E/j; John Hayes, E/i; Tim if Seaford. 1 Sir VVilliam Thomas, Bar. William Lowndes, E k> 'ALES (24.) _.... »?kob^. T HE Rr. Hm. Richard U John.Jeffereys. £ fq\ Vifcumt Bnlkeley. • Hm if Brecon. Bimgh if Beaumaris. Sir Jeffrey Jeffereys, Kt> Robert §Blk«ley,E/y; ' Cardigan :. Sir Humphry MicItwotth.E Turn; ef Cardigan. Henry Lloyd, Ely; Carmartljfii i. Griffith Rice, Ely; Term ef Carmarthen. Richard Vaughan, £ff; Carnarbon 2. Tir Hm -. Thomas Bnlkele; Eft; ■ Term ef Carnarvon. Sir John Wynne. Kt. and B.i Etnb'gl) 2. Sir Richard Middleton, B.i Jtyrcnt $tntt ©crionrtf) 1. Richard Vaughan, Eft-, fSDontgomerp a. iD'mib,:o[iE 3. Sir Arthur Owen, Bur. fo:vn of Haverford Well "John Laughorn,’ £Jy; Tern }f Pembroke. • John Meyrick, %; l\StmOJa Thomas Harley, Efq\ , Tom ef Nevv-Radnor. is Ilanmore, Bar. I The Heh. Robert Harley, Ef]; Te:v» if Flint. S.r Rdger Moftvn, Bar. (Slamojgan 2 Tho. Manfcl ej Margam C 1 R Charhs CeUrnl, Mailer of the Ceremo nies (hath his O Patent for Life) to Her mod Sacred Majelty. His Of¬ fice is to attend on all Emballadors, L'nvoys, Relidents, A- gents, Deputies, or any l’erfons commilfioned from’Fo¬ reign Princes or States; as alio to attend all Foreign Prin¬ ces, and Strangers of Quality without Charafter, during their Abode in this Court or Kingdom. He hath an Afliflant Mailer or Deputy, which Office is at ptefent held by Her Majcfty’s Favour, during Plcafure, by his Son Charier Omni, Eli}; There is alfo a Third Officer, called the Marlhal of the Ceremonies, at prefent enjoyed by Rifhard Le Bar, Efq; whole Employment is, in all things, to receive the iVEiler or his Alliflant’s Commands for Her Ma jelly \ Service, and ti- aft or do nothing whatlbever of the minuted Nature withoutthe Mailer’s Command ; and may be very properly dik'd his Officer for the Queen’s Service. part III. of ENGLAND. 6;j A Lift of her Majeftf s Minifters, at prcfent, re¬ fitting in Foreign Courts. H I s Excellency the'Earl of Marlhortagh, Her Ma- jefty’s Ambaflador Extraordinary, and Plenipotentia¬ ry in 1lotni. Sir Robert Sul ion, Kt. Her Majefty’s Ambaflidor Extraor¬ dinary to the Ottoman Port. jllexander Stanhope, Efq; Her Majelly’s Envoy Extraor¬ dinary to the States-General of the United Provinces. George Stepney, Efq; Her Majefty’s Envoy Extraordinary to the Emperor. James Cnjfit , Efq; Her Majefty’s Envoy Extraordinary to the Courts of Hanover and Cell. Jmn t s Vernon Jun- Efq; Her Majefty's Envoy Extraor¬ dinary to the King of Dcmnirl;. John Rofanfon, Efq; Her Majefty’s Reftdent at the Court ofiWrB. Jthn H'yche, Efq; Her Majefty’s Refidentat H/rmieurghr. Curl:: Whitworth, Efq; Her Majefty’s Reftdent atR«- Paul Methuen, Efq; Her Majefty’s Envoy Extraordinary to the King of Portugal. Monlieur Plantar;,our , Her Majefty’s Secretary at the Court of Pruljia. IV,Hum Aglmiby, Efq; Her Majefty’s Envoy Extraordi¬ nary to the Swift Cantons. Hugh Broughton, Conful at Venice. Sir L.vnlen Blackwell, Kt. Her Majefty’s Envoy Extraor¬ dinary to the Great Duke of Tufcanj, and the Republick of Genoa, and Conful at Leghorn. Rciiert Cole, Agent and Conful General at Algiers. Sir William Norris, Bar, Ambaftador Extraordinary to the Great Mogul. John Gottard, Agent and Conful General at Thttnis. Berij. Lodington, Agent and Conful General at Tripoly. James Paul, Conful at Zant. Tho- Kirk, Conful at Genoa. — " Bari, Conful at Liston. JL ffi&e J&jefeiu £>tatc Part III, 6 H Alterations and Additions. P age 9. for Lidlington Sir Anthony Chejler's , read Lidling. H»-Park, Sir 7>hn Chejler's. Page to, for Sir Anthem read Sir John- P. 14, for Lord TatikervilU read Ralph Lord Grey's. P. 145, for Five Commiflioners, ire. read His Roy. al Highnefs Prince George of Denmark. P. 17 6, for 30 I. . Boardwages, &e. read 1001. P. 359, for (and is not yet fill’d up) read, But is now fill’d up by the Right Honourable the Earl of Abingdon. P. 360, for The Right Honourable the Lord Lucas, read, The Honourable Lieu* tenant General Charles Churchil, Efq; lb. before the Gentle* man Porter, read the Phyfician, &c. p. yry, for Edward Eltlof Jlrjij, retd MJmskm, Efq; P. y 18 after Jk Smith and Beniamin Ramfey, Chamber-Keepers, read John Tucker, Efq; Keeper and Regifter of the Records of State in the roomof John C hatnberlayne. P. 553, for Charles Earl of Manehejler, read the Marquifs of Hartington. P. 529, for Queen’s DreiTers, read Bed-Chamber Women* P. 545, for Ralph Lord Grey, read Sidney Godolphin, Efq; and for Charles read Philip Bertie. P. 54 6, for Griy Palmes, Efq; and Chrifopher Mufgrave, Efq; read Sir Chrijlephtr Mufgrave, Bar. and The Right Hon. James Vernon, Efq; P. 590, for Henry Earl of Romney, read John Earl of Marlborough, and for Henry Goodrich, read The Right Honourable John Grata ntil/e, E(q; P. 600, to the Lift of the Fellows of the Royil Society, add James Vernon, Eiq; Her Majefty’s Envoy to Denmark,John Chamberlayne, Efq; and WilliamWaljh, Knight of the Shire for Woreejlerjbire, and Gentleman of the HorfetoHer Majefty. FINIS.