triendly Advice T o T HE Gentlemen-Pknters OF THE :eaa anti mt INDIES. _ 3fn _ I. Abrief Trcatife oftheinoft principal Fruits and Herbs that grow in the Eajt hWtfi India j giving an Account of their refptftive Vcr tucs fc^oth for and Phyfik^ and what Planet and Sip they are under. Together with feme Dirtftions for the Prefervation of Health an^ Life in thofe hot Climates. II. The Complaints of the Negro-Slaves apinft the hard Ufages and barbarous Cruelties in- • Med njion them. ' III. A Difeourfe in way of Dialogue, between an Ethiofeatt or Negrt-SUvty and a Chrifiim that W 0 S his Maftcr in Jmtriea. frirntd by Andrew Sowle, in tbt Tear 1684 . '' A Brief .TP.EA T ISE Of the Principal Fruits and Plerbs That grow in Barbidoes, JatTiaica And o:hcr Piaotations in ths 1 fliort diTouiTc of tii® Qua- f I?! lities of the traits %\'hicli that i, galhint ffland of Barbddcts I yidds, I thought would not be im¬ proper, as welffor that I do not knovf tlicit any has hitherto diftinOcly fpokcii thereof, as alfo bccaufe they beiit^ for w ■ B the !C inoil pnritlid Inmc widithofe pro- ucccl, nOEoniy in ihc WeileEn Piaiv blit jiiib in Gnifsia, i:iie E^tjG and nioll' ho': Coiniriics, one. iid ihc lame pains mill ierve i'O dc- .'libc the Fropei-des of them all ; or ■ }e;vl to give ilidi a genera! Fh.ilofc- hical Accoiuny rliat mharever you iccrwitli in th ih Ileigons nciglibsur- igroilye Sun’s inore near and direft dims, yon maV be well able by tin’s {'lecimcn, and from die Form, Tadc, oionr, Smell and' Signatnre of each 'm.'‘'."t;;h!t:, ro 'nridcrfiand its Nature, he and Oncratioh. .. Zmehe iii'li place, wcm'ufido general hfew'c;,-tl;ar;i!l Fiiiits in hot Climates re better,, as being as by Nature pre- atid vO an higherdegrcc of Maturity, hen in Cold; for die Sun inaking liis carer vifits widi auipFibis Beams, nd. an innocent and,compemencal 'v'armth both better diljioies the i.frtlFs teeming Womb.and byni moft Mccllcnt ChymiBry, relines theripen- agFruits from rllcir grols dull pbleg- iv.?A ick Juices; Win'ar, Snows, Fro/ls. eiki oiiier rkuedes, arc liici'e oiilj le- niLirliVcti aiui uilkr o!', nc'i: known ; ?,!wi I'ic't SoPs tcT) aideni' killis iray nc.’nc oneni'.u:, n.iruuc provides al- s ucliunc uie.l.ipz in i^zts and re- [raliiiin'; Cuiks oi' Vv iial, ' wh'th not c.iii',; irkevc !iie juiLidiianrs tiom the i;! (..■'eels (['^11 c>.cei!:\c Heat, but C'nd.ni'f 10 uic rnclioraiion of tiic !'; liiis Vv id.e'n b, Iny rhus brought in io; I’n.'n ar.il ivo'iaie j'erlcclion, be- j(;re gai]',crnd.nvi\' nriK'n iaier be eaicii in rhuie w aniUxniniries, liwn in Cold,' wlicre ll'icv ixvc nor Sun enough to (ligelhiiei- Ra.w nels into a Tempera¬ ture id lit lor I'ood. And as it is not lit lim Man or Ijcall to labour fb much audi ib hard in hoc Regions/as in co'd;,, thcrci'ore the wile Creator has by his Hand-maid Nature given thcmlbod prepared to tlreir hands, that they it'ig t have no iiich need oFToiliug, ll',ere being there no Winter ro cuav- iiime wdiar Summer brings Ion Ig bui i continued Spring or perpetual HarvcT ' B z ■ •■ of ' ( 4 ) of iTiffi: eycellent and ne\^er-failing Ve¬ geta .iOns Ibme of the chief of which we fi lah proceed to (peak of in parti- cuar. ' Ql ^ine ^pple^. i ^His incomparable Fruif defer- I vedly claims precedency for its delicacy and exc llcncy; for when lull Ripe, itsTafte is fo c cquifitly delight¬ ful and pleafant, that it leems to exceed all others.that the Earth produces; whence’ds reported, that when fbme' of them, by nreat care, and the favour of a fpeedy Voyage, were brought into' England, ffor very rarely can they be preferv’d fo long) and prefented to - King jAmesy be was fo ravifht with' its charmingdelicioufnefs, that he faid, It Wits not ft to be tafied by'a Subject, hut only f refer to.Regalethe Gufo of Princes^ inured .ta the highefl^Delicacies. ' The four grand Qualities, whence aH per- febb Taffes do proceed,‘w.s. the Af- irlngent or the Bitter^ the Smei and the Sow are herei n fo equally mixt and compounded by Gods Htind-maid (tNaturej that’tis hard to diftinguiflTi which ot them does predominate; but the txuth is, the mofl? delightful-Mo¬ derator and King of all Taftesy .w^. the i^rvee/doth a little exceed all the other three, lb that there is nothing appears but an inviting Beauty,delight¬ ful Redolency,- and ravifhing Tafte, that feaftsy. in the higheft degree, all thole Senles at once. ' - For it muft be noted, That all the various and numberlels. Taftes of things, both in the Annimd, Vegetable^ and Mimrd Kjng^oms do all proceed and arife from the fuur grand Qualities aforefaid, (a: large described in my ^ Way to Hidth, 2inA TheGoodHouf<-wife made a DoHor^ &c.) fothat there are but four perfeft Taftes, they being the Radix of all others, as the leven Notes arc the Bafis or Foundation of all Mu- ficalHarmpny ,*■ and according to the Equality of tlicfe four, Or the weak-* nefs or predominancy of eachj luch a . B 3 Taft® in ail things, and accordingly is the fame more or left graterul to the Pallate and Stomach, and homogeoeal to the Body. But thoiigli our Pines are one of the befrforts of Fiiiits in the world, they fraud the Inhabitants of thole parts, and the Eaters of them, but in very little ileadjbeingby our Englilli chiefly eaten after or betwixt Meals, to plea- fure wanton Appetite and depraved Senfes; for wdneh caule their genuine nature and operation is hardly known to thofe that devour the moft of them; however, their excellent Tafte, plea- fa nt Smell, and curious Shapes do de¬ clare their noble Vertues, being either eaten alone, or with Bread on a well prepared Stomach; for they moderate,, cool, comfort and refrefh the Spirits, cleanfe the Paflfages, remove Obftru- ctions that fur the Pipes,and alio purge away and help to digefl: all flimy and ftarp Juices that offend Nature, being light of Concoction, and if eaten full Ripe, (l) ■ Ripe, on an empty Homacb, it power- fully' piirlTcrh by Ib-iiic. Ir malwsa g'jod hreaknift or Ripper with the help 6i Breads it being clcaa and eafie, that tliC natural Heat can eafily overcome and digeif it atplea- ‘ fure, and Bread does dry up the, hii- midity of the Fruit, and rendei'S.ahs Nourifliment more hrra. But nots likevvife, that this- rare Fruit is only I good (as vre ufiially, but impro- i perlv call it), that without any otlier I Preparation, than what Nature, and I the Sun’s digeftive Heat gives it; and [ entire ^ind alone fexcept only a little 1 Bread eat with it) it is fo compleat, i that it will not admit of any alteration or compofition, fince they cannot add ; to its Vertucs, or raife Nature to an ' diigher degree, as in many other things may be done ; but here, wliat-ever humane Art is ufed, or things inter- j mixr, it is ftill 'for the worfe, besaufe I Nature ftheArtof God) has already cook’t it to the fublimeft Perfection, it'bekig the beft and moll fragrant .Frvlit the Wefi-indies do bring forth, moft wholfom and Jiealthy to be eaten nowand then, viz. two or three times a week to make a Meal or .part of, a Meal with it; for the God of Eternal Wifdom hath appointed all things to be uftd with Sobriety, Temperance and Order, for which end he hath giveji all thefe brave comforts unto the Sons of men: This is a Fruit highly digni¬ fied with Coekftial Energy,, being un¬ der the Stm and Venta^ in the Sign Leo> T His is a brave, noble Fruit, plea- fant and grateful to the Scnles, if not gathered till full ripen’d on the Trees, they afford a Nourilhment of a middle nature, but not fo quick nor brisk on the Pallate and Stom^ich, nor fo eafie of Concoftion as Fines^ becaule in theft the LunAr Property .does pre¬ dominate, and the four Qualities or Taftes arc not fo equaliz’d; yet it muft . ( 9 ) be acknowledged a good and w holfom Fruit, cfpecially for fuch as live eafify, and work but little ; for hard La¬ bourers ought to have food that affords a Nourifhment more firm andfubfi'ais- tial; and therefore fuch fhould eat Jrcad, or fomc other dry Food with Ithem. ' ■ ' It is a general cuftom to gatherthchi before they are ripe, and let them ripen off the Trees, which isboth-contrary toReafon and Nature; for thereby the purer brisk fpirituous parts are- as it were totally deffroyed; fb that the true lively Vertues and Sweetnefs be¬ come of a dull heavy naufeous and un- pleafant Taficv-^nd harder of Con- coftionj affording a much worfe Non- riflhment. Nbr is this Fruit good be¬ ing any way prepar’d as by Art, tho’ it be cuftomary for many to make Tarfe with them, and compound therri wdth feveral Ingredients,' which is not coni- mendable; for Nature has already ( ‘advanced them to the highefl: degree, provided you kt them alone long enough. ( to) enough, till they arc full Riyc, and a)l alteration then is Fox” the worfc, and not for the better. But the Wo'mn mnji he do/m (hmeth/ng, though it be Mifch/ef, AS hoiher'^v^ h^s grutnihm an Examj/k. But if when ’ds full Ripe it be eaten temperately, ciificr alone, or rather with lomc Bread,it is wholefbin and profui ble to Nature; but be ad- vifed not to eat them in wantonnefs on full Stomaclis, or betw een Meals, as the cuflorn of the Englrlh is, but not v^ithoLit great prejudice to Nature; for they are naturally a little dull and heavy, and therefore they require a brisk Appetite and well prepared ■ Stomach, and ftore of heat to concoft them, 'f'his Fruit is under the domi¬ nion of the Moon, and the Sign P/fees ; < as to heat they are moderate, viz, rathej- cooling than hot; when full ripe they gently open Obilratdons of the breaft, being eaten with Rread in ■a Morriing; but unrijx they arc bind- hig, and if balked with Sugar, Spices, (iij_ 1 lid the like, lofc their natural opera- ;ion, and thereby become liot, and ipt to obhruft the PaiRiges, and'tire the Appetite and Stomach, -generate svil juices, dull Spirits and rfiicfc Blood, and therefore io prepared are no coiiiniendabie Food. j 0! E^oimauoc^h j ¥ T is a Fruit much of the nature £ VUntams, but fomeM'hat Fveeter, or more Venereal, andeafierof Con- coftion, very pleafant and delightful to the Pnllate, Stomach, and Senfes, Nature having likewife prepared this to the height, fb that whatever alter¬ ation Mrs. Hoii-fewife makes, proves improper and hurtful; the beft way ,of eating them is like the reft before, either alone or with Bread; and fo tliey cleanie, open and remove Obftru- ftioiK, gently looftn the B^ly, being of a middle Quality, neither hot nor cold in Excefs; a Meal of them, now and then will be not only grateful, but ( 12 1 al’chcaMiful-, but if they are eaten or ripned off the Trees, then their naiure and operations will be akogcther contrary, and have many ill edects; for before Fruits arrive to their full Maturity, the Jfiringent , and d do too vio. lentiy predominate, and all Inch things muft therefore prove hurtful to the Body; w'-hereas when full ripe, the •fwticc balfi.miak and pure fpirituous Qualities do tinfture the Saturnine 'Martid Properties, and as it \^'ere cap¬ tivate their poyfonous fierce hot Na¬ tures, that they can. fcarce be felt or tafted^ theh50\Ver.s and veftupsof Sol ind Femis being become more ftrong. ifefides, ripening of Fruits off from Trees is unnatural, and'Oppolerli iiermethc d in thehigheft degree, as is before declared. _ , , . f Cocoe^jl^utjsl,: T ReKerndsof this Fruit are of i full ftrong fweet and delightful Tafts ^ M) Tafteto thePallateand Sircmach, but apr to itop and fur rlie PalTageSj if eatea.. alone, or in Quantities, teuton the contrary, if Order and 'rtuiperance be oblcrved,, it'OTiakes a'bravc lubiirne Food, very profitable ibr all ^Iges and Conftirutions, affording a clean pure Nouriflrntent, eafi.e' of Digeftion, breeds'good Blood, and pure fine brisk Spirits. Belidcs, this Frtiit contains a thin or milky Subftance, of a Cordial nature, ’ if eaten \\ ith fome dry Food, as Bread, and the like. Biitmeither this nor the Kernal is not to be eaten alone on full Stomachs, or betv/ecn Meals, as EngHlh People are apt to do in all places where they come, ac- coiinting nothing food but fkjk '?LiiA F/jh -, Herbs, Setds, jFm>rand Grains do far tranfeend them, as tb brave firm fiibftantial Nourifhmeut,as I have elfe-where in feveral Treatifts de'monftrated, viz. in my IVay to Health, -long Life and Hafpinefs,—.'fhe oohd Hoiifavife nude a Dolfor, (F’c. Qocoe-fmts are under the'^*'.?? and and and theCreieftia! but its oiitu^arcl j]ie!i or covering is Mmid and Smrmnt. (!DU0l)ai% T HIs Fruit is under the dominion of the MoOfi and Mars, and the iign Scr/rp/o it hath its harfii 'Jaile from Mars, its Sweetnefs from the Moon. If eaten unripe or green, tlien it binds the belly, bur when full ripe, k is a good wholfom plealant Fruit, maybe eaten raw at Meals with bread and other food, as Milk, or tlie like; They-are of a moderate cooling open¬ ing Quality ; but there are two forts, one that are white within, and the other Red, which iafl: are the bed of she tu'O.- 0! His is a good Fruit, agreeable t© I the Stomadi if Rill ripe, and klic not too long after it be gathered ; . . - bc-fors I before it bcceten :. it is endued with & fr.aieii'i lileafnit Taife, very eafieof. Concoction, i!'eaten moderately, eijie- ciailvm^dtli bread, or ibrae otlier dry food; if a Ivieal befo made now and tiien, it vrill prove very profitable to tiie b, ea fr, by deanfing and removing ObflrLicrioits that lie in rholcPalTages; ■ 1 ■' !. c( ois and allays Dreiigiip and gendy iooiens the belly, and il a Gia!;-, o‘'White-Wine, allay'd \ h v-i,dj a fit after it, or other proper Liqrror, it will bravely dcanfe ■ t ^ 0 ilm J 1 rrs, and caule nieni'inl evacuation of Urine; but if diet' lie too long after .garherinipbefore' vou ulc them, miich of die good Qua¬ lities and natural Vertueswili be aba¬ ted, and it will be apt to have a con¬ trary operation ; it is cold in Quality, and tlierelbre proves moib profitable to the ChoHerick and Sr.ngaine Complex¬ ions. but not lb good for Fh egsnatkk Bodies. Mercury and the Moon have dominion over it, and it is to be attri¬ buted to the fign Tm-rds. Fickle- (lO T -His is a pkafant delightful Fruit, very grateful to Nature, and . iTiay with fkkty bs eaten both in : lieakh andiicknels, being eafie of. copcocl'ion, it quickly pafietli aw'ay, d.igeftingand moving tiie Oblfrudlioiis . that oderid thePairages, if eaten on an" empty Stornaeb, either alone or with Bread,', or {bins other food, it is mo- • dcrarely,cooling, and good again If the ■ Sfo!;e alM Gravely if eaten alone in a , Morning when fafting, andaglaftof i Tv'hite-Vhne, allay’d with Water (v/z. one third part Wine and two Waterj., ..ej'rank after it. Mzreuyy governs it, anb the Sign Arks. • But neither this nor any other fruit ought to be eaten in ^rantonnels, nor for ftate or vain plca- hne, as between Meals and after Din- ncr., our Creator never intending them foiofuchufcs, but for the fuppbrt and liCdlth of mankind,, and thofe that abtue them otherwife, commit a very : great great Evil, of which they ought to Repent, and forfake ail iuch iupor- fluities. T His is an innocent, }'ct nobis Fruit, of little Tafle taken as it grows, and tliat v.'liich it hath not very delightful; but it hath a wonderful, and as it were, Paradifical and mofl: ravifliing Verl'ue that internally lies hid, which being awakned and raifed up by the skill of the good Houfewife, and proper Ingredients; it makes va¬ rious forts of moft delightful food, but more efjx'cially Pyes or Tarts,there being no other fruit in the Weib-Indics (nor perhaps elfe-fvhere in the world) comparable for that purpbfe; for it hath no maniteib Tafte or Quality that does too manifeftjy predominate, (as moft other fruits have, that are ufed for fuch foods) and thereby it is capable of being raifed to what degree I of tafte or pleafantnefs the Cook or , cin good Houfewife pieafes,by mixing and adding proper Ingredients, whicb. can¬ not be done with any fruits or things wherein any of the four Qualities do too violently over-rule; for iuch things, as are unequal in their Properties or Qualifyings, or where unripe things are joy ned with ripe, can very rarely be altered for the better. This fruit being lbunparrallel’d a thing for the uie aforehiid, the good Damts of the yVeftern Plantations have no rcaibn to dehre or long after other improper jPruits or Mixtures; for this being aptly prepared and made into Tartsy may yield the nicefi: Pallates moft ample iatisfaclion: It is under the dominion of the Moon and Fenm, in the (ign Taurus, but .the Moon predo¬ minating in its governance, hides the plealant Qualities of Femu ; but when o.ther Ingredients are mixt with it, then the lleeping or captivated Vertues of Ten/u appear in their fplendor or raviOiing Taftes; They are of a cool¬ ing opening Nature and Operation of them- ( 20 ) of them moderaies the aftringent harfli Quality in fuchConftitutions as are liable to the Smt and GrAvel, Ibr ■vyhich it is one of the beft Remedies in the World. But if you mix Sugar^ Wine,, or the like Ingredients, then you cannot perce;iv'e nor feel jts ge¬ nuine vertue or operation; for thereby jts nature and efllGs are changed, juft as a Painter does alter one Colour into anoher, by adding other Colours, which ought lerloufly to be confider- led by all Compounders of food or Me¬ dicines, and the natural Reafon to be well, under {food, d'his fruit is under the Moon and Vtnm fbut Lima hath the greateft Rare in Government in the ftg)i Ltna, whence it is that they gallantly purge by Urine, There are •tv/o fons, Red and White,but the Red are the beft. - i ^FLere are two Ibrts of thefe, one . abc«'t big as our ordinary f 21 J Pumkins, the other fmaller, not much bigger thanthofein InghnA-^ of the two, this laftlbrt arc the beft, though the other are very good in their kind, and to be preferred before any otii? Northren Climate produces. The bei^ V ay of eating them is with Salt and jBread, ;• which renders them riiore warming and grateful to the Stomach; nor do they gripe, except it be for want of the bodies being uled to them. They gently loofen the belly,and moderately purge by Urine, if eaten for a breakfafl: with a glafs or two of White-Wine, or White-Wine and Water mixt. orplaiis Water drank after them: They may be eaten by all Ages and Conftitutions, but are beft for young People, and cf^- daily for Chollerick hot Complexions; for they allay drought, and gently cool the whole body, but they may' hot be often eaten as food, becaufe they af* ford not lb firm a Nourifhment, but between whiles it will be very able to make a whole Meal of them now &. then with only Bread and Salfi ■ Q I Of r 22; 01 P UmIdns that grow in the hd-es, arc much of the nature of thofe we have here with us in EifgUnd^ but Qot altogether fo eold, being brought to an higltcr degree of Maturity % the powerful Influences of the Sun-beams, who tarefs them with nearer Embraces; yet ftill, this Fruit is of i. cold phlegmatick Nature, buteaten ftew’d with warming Ingre¬ dients, makes an indifferent good food, taking ftore of Bread therew ith, its Nourifhment is not firm, but cafic of concoftion, loo fens the belly, is not proper for cold phlegmatick Com¬ plexions, but very profitable to he ufed now and then by the Cholleriek; It alfo gently purgeth by. Urine, as indeed moft of the fruits in the Weft-Indies dc; and kis a great Error in our Nor- thren People', fettled in thofe parts, efpecially fuch as arc obnoxious to the Stomy Gravely and the like, that they do not accuftom thcmfelves more to the ufe of thofe noble fruits; for if they did, they would not be fo fubjetl to thofe torturing Difeafes as they are; for all foods, be they 'fruits or other things, and alfb Drinks, that moder¬ ately cool the body, and arc of light concoftion, do naturally prevent the generation of thofe cruel Difeafes; as on the other fide,, fuch as heat, ., and are of an aftringent nature,do generate them in all Complexions, butcfpecial- ly in thofe that are inclinable there¬ unto. The Coeleftial Regiment of this fruit is to be attributed to the Moon, and to the fign Pifees. T Hefe are of a mild gentle nature. and operation, being briskly boyled aad eaten with Bread, Butter,\ Vinegar and Salt. ; they afford a. good Nourifhment^ but not very firm, cool the body,.and arc quick of Concoftion, cleanfethePafiages, are good againft ♦ C 4 ‘ the the ObiirucUons oi ills ^ rcail, gerjtl; lookiT'the-belly and purge by urine especially it a whole h/leal be made o them w iLhoiit del}], and only eaten ai aibrcfaid. They arc under the doinl ■ nion of the Moe» and 0otuto% T His is -a vary brave noble and more excellent Root than any other the ?J}-hdks bring fortbj of a friendly temperate Quality, fbmei what windy if eaten hot,| or whilcfl^ the fiery Atemes or Vapours be ink; therefore they arefarbetterand wliol- fomer cold, as many other of the like nature are: They afford a brave firm lubftantial Nourifhment, fiirpaffiiig therein all other Roots, but not com¬ parative to that of Bread-, they are Refforative, of a moft pleafant Tafte, comfort and ftrengthen the body, of a warming nature and operation; fbj that they are a good food eaten alone, or with Bread, Butterf Flejh, or the like. The ( 2 )-) The common ways of preparing or drcfTingthem are divers, but the moil common are Stewing, and Roafting them in the Embers, the laft of which is moft commendable, but being more- tedious than the other, is not ib fre¬ quently praftifed; either way they make a good Difh, being eaten when through cold with Oyl, Vimgar, Salt and Bread, or Butter inftead of Oyl, to fucli as do not love it, or cannot pro¬ cure it. As to Temperature they at© of a middle Nature, but rather warm than cold, eafie of Concoction, and the drier they are prepar d,the warmer and firmer Nouriflrmentthey yield. Eiketthfe, they make a good fort of Drink, but it will not admit of much age, being apt then to become acid, fharp and keen; it may be made either ftronger or fmaller, according to the Quantity of Potato's allowed, and Wa¬ ter put to them. There are various forts, but the drieft and yelloweft are heft. They are under .So/, mthefign Taunts. The young and tender Leaves ( 26 ) Leaves are a pretty good Sailet boyl’d, they cleaufe the ftomach and loofen the belly ; being eaten with Bmer, VinegKr^ S.ih and Brexd, a fine Meal may be made of them. T His alfo is an excellent Root, temperately hot, and more dry than moift, of a lovely white Co¬ lour, and pleafant innocent Tafte, which demonftrates their good Ver- tues; they afford an harmlefs, clean, ' and ydt pretty fubftantial Nourifib- ment, neither much bind nor relax tlte belly, but of the two, rather loofen. They are eafie qf Concoftion,’ and if they be well prepared according to Art, make a brave friendly pleafant food, dreft with Butter, Vmegar and, Salt^ and cal;en with Bread ; Tliey are good for every Age and Conftitution, rarely difagreeing with'any ; they are very ufeful to be eaten with Flefb, a little Flejh and good fiore of Tams. They arc ( 27 ) are under tlie government of Venm and UmAf and the fign Librx. '^His Bred is of an innocent na- , fare and operation, yet affords a ftrong fubftantial Nouriflnnent, far beyond what moft People ftippofc; for being put into any kind of l^ortage^ Milk, or the like; it diffolves its lelf into gellious fubilance,. which is a token of its ftrength, as its pure white Colour and innocent Tafte , demon- ftrates its innate Vertues and Equality of Parts: The four grand Qualities (at large deferibed in my other Trea- tifes/whence the four perfeftTaftes .do proceed, being fo equally mixt, that by its Tafte it can hardly be di- ftinguiflied which does carry the up¬ per domiinion, under which fimplicity .. lies hid the moft foveraign Vertues of Nature; it is moft pleafant when new^ but not then the wholfomeft; ’tis a good Ingredient to be eaten with Butter^ , (2S) Butter, Cheeje, Herbs, Milk, or any k.'nd of Pottages, as a!fb with Fkjh, ard will alone fiiftaiii Naturefor a n-n niaylive as long without being tv’-(■d,, and he as w^ell fiipportecl, as to hca.ch ai'id ilrength, with it, as with t’ic bed Wheaten Bread ; and being once familiariz’d through a little cu- fix m and ufe, it becomes plealanc to nt'dl: Ages and Conftimtions. I re¬ member a Mafter of a Ship, that af- fured rn e, Thxt being by firefs of Wea¬ ther kept out at' Sta tmich longer than they expected, fo that all their Prozdfions ,n’ere fpent, but Water and Cufado Bread, of rahich they had plenty, he and his ships Crew lived thereon for many days, without am other S-fenance ; and though at frjl (being ufed to variety of other- foods} they thought it fon,e-n'hat hard, yet after fome days it became mojlpleafing ; and they were fo far from complaining of their (Irength being diminifhed, that they, found themfelves more than ordinary brisk and active. As forthe Tempera¬ ture of this Bread, it is rather hot th>n • . (29J cold, and is of eafie conco6iion ; \is under tlic government of and Venm-. in the fign Scorfio. Its poyfbn- cus Liquor which is prclLd out of the Pvoot v^ hen it is made into Bread, is Satumm, and the M’hite flowery fhb- ftanceor matter, kVetsered: Nor is it ftrange to.tliofe that underhand Nature’s cqurfe, that Poyfon and moft wholfbm Food flrould proceed from one and the fame Vegetable di- verfly prepared; for fuch do know that in all things, fas well as in tf^is) there are lurging Poyfbns that are the Root. of every Life, and without which there could be neither Vitality nor Vegetation. linger,- T His is an.excellent Spice, of an hot dry tart Nature, endued with a hronger and more durable heat than Fe^fer, and every w'ay more efficacious, fo that wffierc-ever this Spice is, tlicre is no need oi Pefftr ; it- ( ^o) it Is chieil}" good for cold and mold: SLOinachs, and fiich as arc troubled wiili cold windy Difeafes; for in dif- cuifeth and hclpttli Digeilicn, and in iome degree confuineih C; tide phleg- iTi'a'ick Humors; good erpecially for aged People in cold and moill Scafbns of tlse year. Put neither this fort of Spice^ nor any other, is good te bl iiftd in hot Sealons or Ciiimatcs, except in a Fliyhcal way, as. I have elff-ulicrc dssTionlfratcd. Particularly, in To.n^g Peopk and Cholknck Compkxitns ilic frequent ufe of Rich things does heat, ■ dry and conhime tiie purer Spirits aiid Radical Moilture . and inflame the Blood, and in fome Conftitutions makes it lliarp and keen; they are allo injurious to tlie natural Heat of the Stcrnadi and digeftive Faculty, whence liie Garvey^ Joy^f-Jc/jes, and m-Riy cruel Diflempers proceed, and alfift not a little to the generation of tlie Sfoiie, where-cver they meet apt matter for that purpofe. The fame is to be underfiood of all other things in in which hicat and Ui iricfs do too vio- leiuiy |v e(io;ninate ; the frtr,uenL' ii;e_ of V. hwfi is hka the coiiunon drinking of lir.ifidy ; v, hen once the Stoinacli is accuftomed to them, it cannot digeil its food without thorn; and yet the Remedy is as bad as the Diieaie,. for as the natural heat is more debilitated, fo more Brandy is craved for, till Peo};Ie utterly deilroy themlelves. Ql Here being various forts of this I . Fruit, differing in tli®ir Tam- perature and Nature, they are to be confidered according to the fweetnefs, Ibwrnels and tartiiefs of them; the fowrclHbrt arethecoldeff, moilfliarp' and penetrating^ and therefore are not fo good and profitable as thofe called Sevil, which is a mean between the fowr and tlie fweet, and therefore is bed: for law'ce, and far more acceptable to the Pallatc, but efpccially to the Stomach, than either the fweet or the fowr bodi raw and boy led, J'lcpj., &c. lar exceeding all Vinegars made with Wine or other Liqtwrs, but they alio prove profitable in many Diftales, erpecially to allay Drouglit in leavers, and prevent the putriiadticn of the Humors; for they cool and refre/li the Stomach, and are good moderately iiftd in times of Health for Qhokrick People ;. but cat them not too frequent¬ ly, for they aftringe or bind the belly, and are not'proper for Phkgmatick or MeUncholly Complexions ; and as the moderate ufe of them for Sawce in food, does excite and fliarpenthe Ap- pitite, fo on the contrary the frcqnent ciiftora of eafing them is apt to hurt thefoigefrive Factdty by their cold dry aftringent Qualities, they being Extreams in Nature, and therefore Gautioufiy tobenfed. ■The Sireet Oranges are notgood for Sav/ce, for they naturally dull or ■ fiibvert Ifnbvcrt the Appeute; neverth®!efs they being of a middle Nature or tem¬ perate Quality, are good and very' gratefuho ’^^■elI-pl•epared Stomachs to be eaten alone, or withTdrne Bread or other drv food after them ia time of. Health, efpecially for Young People, and the Fhlegmttkk and Mdumhollj \ but ft ill they ought to remember their hire frieitd Tmpirmce^ elfs they will prove injurious, and hinder Con- coftion. 01 . A s thcfearefliarper and more four i\\tnOrmges, fo they are colder, more keen or piercing, but they make aBawce that does wonderfully cool, and for tlie prefent ftir up the Appetite,, comfort th'e ■ Stomach, and are good againft Vomiting, 'very grateful to ' 1 luch as have weak'dull or flat Sto¬ machs, they cut and attenuate grofs Humors, allay Thirft, and arcrefrefh=- ingto fochas have hot Livers;, bu^on ■ '■ - the';' t]ie other fide, if not very moderately, ufed, their aftringent, marp or keen Quality will by fimile av.akeii tlie Suturndl and MAYtid Fires In the Body, and inftead of allaying heat they in¬ flame the Blood, and irritate the na¬ tural Spirits, which proves fatalasto Health for asallfijch Fruits are un¬ equal in their parts, lb they by fimpa- thy caufe an unequal operation in the Humors, which is ilic Radix of all, niucmperaturcs. 01 'f Imes are an Immature Fruit, in I j wi,iich two extream Properties cio predominate, viz. thcSar/tr^iairnd Menial Psyfosis, betaulc the Sun and Cmleftial InfiuencGs, have not had Power to raile or awaken the balfa- mick or friendly Vertues of Nature, or bring the Properties into an equal operation, as is done in other Fruits; f(-r thele two fierce Qualites are fo powerful, as indeed being the very Radix I ^ ^ 5 / iKadlx cf the Fruit, that the friendly Property or good Vcrtue is wholly hid or captivated by them, fo that it cannot betafted or felt; hence the juice of this fruit does contain (as I have elfe- where declared) a Saturnine churlifli fire, which is. of an hard coagulating aftringent or binding nature and oper¬ ation, like the raw cold faturnineAir of Winter, which does congeal the Water, and harden all things. 2dlj^ A fliarp keen Martial Imoperty, of a four harfli fretting nature and opera¬ tion. Now thefc two Extreams mee¬ ting together, do render it very hurtful to the genuine nature of the Stomach, and generate bad Blood, ftir up the original Poyfbns by fimile, and the Saturnine Property does draw toge¬ ther and congeal the Excrements in, the Bowels; and the Martial Fires are forth-drivingj and cannot endure to be bounded, from whence proceed va¬ rious Dileaies, zs Gripes, CoUicks, Iltmd Faffions, or cruel Belly- Jkes. For this caufc, our Englifla, and D 2 others, others, that ufe theie Juices in theit Voyages to the Eaji-hditf, and other parts, are foreJy vexed with many Difeafes, Vvdiich they contraQ; ("thougli they little think it ) from their Punch- Borvls, rather than the dilagreeablenefs of the climate. Moreover the fharp cold Juices of Oranges and .Lmmons^ which in hot Countries they are greedy of, and doeat toofrCefy, do prove very pernicious as to their Health; for the tr uth is, it is not the Climate, whether hot Or Cold, thatcaufes fomany Dif eaib, but Peoples Intemperances and taking wrong Mealures; for the Na- tjyts both of the EaJ}, South and fVejl are as healthy and long Uv’d as thole of tilt North', and theie our frequent Dlftemperswhen w^e travel into thole parts, do but declare our Intempe¬ rances, and that the Meats and Drinks W'efo much defire are not proper for Ctur Bodies in flich Climates, where not onr own irregular Fancies, but die ufages of the Natives of. each Couptry ought tofe pur .(juides and , , Examples, Examples, both as to Meats, Drlnk$ and Exercifes and then each Country M^ould foon become as natyral and ’ wholfbm to us as our own, our Bodies being affimulated thereunto. T His is a Fruit that is not much io ule, being foiha^wku: trouble- Tom to procure by reafon of them Martial Weapons or Prickles; they are of ajh^rphisk Tafe, their Jiiices quick and penetrating, they cut Phlegm, beget Appetite aiid help Conofliioii, being of a cooling Nature, they may be eaten with a little Sugar with lafety, but they are chiefly good for Chol/emk and ^Anguine Feofle, and arc under Marsm Arks. CDf commonly caUed 6uto^&epp8?:. O F this there are twq.jqrts, one great the other fmall; but both i) ^ ar« are much of the lame nature and oper¬ ation, only the fniaileft is rather the hotted:. ■ They both contain three extream Qualities, %>iz. i. Anaftrin- gent Sulpher, or ftupifying Poyfon Saturn ; 2. A iierce bitter keen ftarpnefs from ; And An hot penetrating Poyfon from Mercury. In this Vegetation all friendlinefs and pure Verthes are captivated, and the original forms of Nature do pre¬ dominate, there being in it no kind of Equality or Harmony, butall isoutof Tune, and the four grand Qmlitks^ ; whence all Taftes proceed, have here their operations in Difcord, and con- fufedly combate one another ; there¬ fore Whatever any may pretend, the frequent eating of it muft needs prove pernicious to Health ; for thofe fore mentioned fierce poylbnous Qualitiei do by degrees as it wereinfenfibly pre] upon and violate the natural Heat, an( Iiinder? the way of the Spirits,, as i men defigned tb' mortifie their natura Legs, onpurpofe to ufe Wooden one or Crutches.; fb tliey deftroy dig ge¬ nuine innate heat of their Stomachs, and vainly endeavour to procure a falle and adventitious one, tbit may better fforfoosh/fiipply, Nature. The truth is, this hot fiery Sawce does powerful¬ ly dir up or beget Appedte, and warms the Stomach, which does intice many to eat it with their common food, but they never confider the milchiefs it brings unto Health, being like Brandyj a dram of which after a full Meal of heavy Vidluals, will help Concoftion, and ealc the burtheaed Stomach, but the frequent ufe of it will fo deftroy the natural Heat, that the Stomach will not be able, after a little time, to digcfl: its food, neither with it nor without it: So this Spice being too much eaten, wounds Nature to the very Heart; for bydegrees-it debilitates the proper Heat, infeftsthe Blood with a lalt fharp keen Qyality, partches up and confiimes the fweet Oyl ind Radical Moifture, fuffocates the pure Spirits by whole-fale, caufing P 4 the 't\\tB!ood ('their hinpid Foimtain and naturai riabitation)ro become wheyifb and watery. Ef’pecially, if Chokrkk or S&ngmit Comfkxmdd People lliall aecuftoni themlelves to the eating of fuch Sawces, it will much fooner and more deplorably vitiate the Tofje of their Stomachs,than of fnch as areP/e^- matick ; but they arc not good nor natural for any wharfoever, except now and,then in a .Phyfical V’ay for very cold dull heavy Phkgmmck People, and they muft cat it Iparingly too; but the mifchief is, whoever fhall acGuftom themfelvcs to theie Sawce^, cannot forbear from Exceft therein, without great trouble and conftraint upon themfelvcs: The very fame is to be underftood of all other Extreams, as Brandy, Tobacco, and the like. Befides, all fuch things are far more pernicious, and bring greater danger to Health in hot Countries, than in colder Climates, as many have found by woful Experience, becaufc there the central Heat is nothing fo ftrong I (41J ; and powerful as in colder Regions, and i confequenriy the pure Spirits and ‘ Radical Moiiturc weaker, and more apt to be wounded, furfbeated or eva¬ porated , as all do know xhflt have Eyes that can fee into the Jrfa /^4 of Nature. But to return to our Guhea-Pepper^ it is iuch an Extream in Nature, vis,- fo hot and poy fonous, that if the bigger Ibrtbedryed, and the Codr cut, and the Seeds fcattered amongft Clothes, Hats, or the like, that are to bepackt up, it proves the beR Prefervative from? the Moth, and other Vermine that i$ known; for its exceliive kcennefside- ftroys all Generation, even in the very bud. Likewife, if it be burnt in a Room, the Doors and Windows being clofe Ihut, it will deftroy and kill all Fleas, or the like, and you too,if you do not get out in time, its fumes arefb hot,poyfonous and penetrating, whenonce the fire has open’d its body, and naanifefted what before internally lay hid. This (i2) This bigger fort our Englifli do eommcnly pickle, and fo pixlerve it for a common Sawce to cat withh/t/i; ; Now this pickling of it with and r//ze^^r«doos hill , add to its heat and jharpnefs; For Sdt is of an hot harfli jharp Nature, and if itbenotmode- rately eaten, dries, heats, andisof a partching operation,. very inimical to Health, but a Pving-leader to the Scur- wj and other Difealcs, and Vmegar is alfo of an hot keen fretting Nature, 'efpecially when joyned or incorpo- i-ated with fuch high f.ves and things of unequal Natures: Therefore the frequent ufc of this fort of Swace is jto be accounted very injurious t( Health, efpecially in fuch hot Climates where the continual influences of th( Sun do morexxliale and drawTorththi ' Radical Moifture, thereby w'eaknioj the central parts, w^hich ought there fore rather to be refreflit and cherifli by proper Foods, than annoyed an prejudiced by fuch hot violent thing as do yet further deprefs and dcbilitai them. ^ ( 4 ?) Oi Cjomiirr. X His is a brave Noble Fruir, and being boy led, they males a gal¬ lant iubilantial Food, aiTordinga good firm Nourilhment, being eaten with BHtter, Vinegar, and Bread. Some will boyl and eat them with Fkjh, but they do not eat fo well as many other forts of Herbs and Roots do in that cafe; for they being in themlelves of a jeliyous Nature, do not feem fo pro¬ per to be eaten with Fk(b: But they make an excellent Rpttage^ which if well prepared, and proper Ingcrdients added, afford a brave ftrong firm Nom rilhment, andyeteafie of Concoftion. If the intrinfick Vertues of this Fruit were underftood,the Food made there¬ of would be had in far greater eilima- tion than it is; for both the Fruit it felf and ,the Rotuge made thereof are of fiagular Vertues and ule for weakly People, and fuch as are inclinable to Conpmptmsy md Heats and ObfiruBi- cios of tk Breaf, far more excellent ihar Mr. Dofkrs Jellj made of Harts- Horn, ind the like, as being inucli more natural and agreeable to the Sto- mach. ' Which way ever you drelsthcm they are not only delightful to the Pal- iate, v/hen a little innur’d to them, but .alfo eafie oi Concoction, gently lodfing the Belly, of a moderate or middle Na¬ ture as to heat, and may by all Ages and Confl'kutidns, healthy _ ^ hckly, be eaten with (afety, and to the ad¬ vantage of Health aild Strength ; arid we do a.dvifcallthcEnglifhto eatof it more frequently, and then the'y.ihall aiTnrcdly find, more Vertues therein than is here fet down. T His is an Herb of a bitter Nature, but when boy led, that Martial Tafte IS much allayed, and it becomes a brave noble SaladvanjPpbdi ibeij^ boy led in plenty of good Water,hand eaten ^ . ( 45 ) eaten with Bmer, Venegar^ j Mint, Pem)~' royal, (4B) Turftly^ChArvil., OmiomJ..xttice^ SornlBeetes both white and Re CahfJ.ges or Col'Aiorts, Comfry, and Bi&ny other gallant wholfbrae Herbs, and they are all or mold of them by the Coelcfiial influences and continual enlivening Beams of that Fountain of lieat, the rendred far more fra¬ grant and falutifgrous than in colder Regions, and fo do make moft exeel- lent Sallads, which being raixt with. 0 /or Butter, the Juice of Oranges Salt, warm the wdiplc Body, and more, naturally and pleafantly exhilleratethe Spirits than any fort of V/ine drank in Moderation. ^.ome fox of Health, aU^ Life ill • ■. ijot'Climate^.' ■ YT is a very common conceit l^ ’amongil: the Europeans, that of late are come to Inhabit in Plantations of America,- that by ihe Nature of 0 e ' ■■■ Climate (49J Climate er by rcaibn of the unufual ^Fleats, People there are not lb long- : liv’d as in the more cold Nonhrm parts : of the World; and for this they appeal to Experience; Do not we fee (fay they ) hew men Are eat hy Dlfufet in the frimt ef their Te4rs, and very few attain, to old Age ? Whence ’sis a common Proverb amongft them. Soon Ripe^ Soon Rotten^ as if this were the very Nature of the Climate; but this is all Miftakc;' they blame the Climate, ‘ when themfelves are only to bfame: , ’Tis their own Intemperance,' not that of the Heavens, which fhoitens, their days: The wile and mercitlil , God hath ordered fo providentially all , parts of this liabitable V/orld, that hig ' Creature [Man'] .may thereon live comfortably, if he pleafe; ’Twas th§ ' Error of the Antients whsii. they ' divided the'Earthly Globe ijyo. five Zpytes., ■' to imagine two of them us- ' inhabitable, one'of which they called 1 the Frigid Xgne^ through cxceiTive' iCdld, 'and the ©thcr *ToryU,^ M.'" ' tkougli throiigli extreamity of Heat. Bui •Experience has c-onfai-ed tlicir guefling Pliilofopliy, and Hiews us, thithodi tliefeare commodious enough t-o d v/c!l in, if Difererion and Sobriety beuied; Is one Region cold ? God has given its Irihabiiants Rio-.ig Con flitluions, great Stomachs, grofs ibiaiblc Food, and Furze w herewith to defend them, Is another very hoc ? Here are refrcili ihg Briczes conflantl'y implcyed by Natiir^s to fan and divert thsm, rare delicate Fruits, eafie ofDigeftion, K fupply all the nscelTities of Nature and fupport them in Strength ant Health. But fuch is the Pcrverfiry o; men, that being dc})raved by cnihGui they purfuc and take quite contrary meafures. to riiofe that Nature ditcates and in the hotteld Climates gorg! tlicmfelves with the groffell: Foods various DiBies of FiiJJj, Fijh and Fo-,vli whereof they daily eat to Gluttony and the ftrongeft Liquors, as Mad'n Wine9^' iFmdy and Piwch ; fo thai ,where they iiced -the lea 11, fincll: an( iighccft Meats and i.'rinks, they dot/ andopprefs Nature with the groffefi; sncl fj-ongcH ; And j:» it any wonder, that they arc dien ainiftedwith Dif: eafts; or cut off by immature Deaths ?■ If a man will turiithetop ofhisGandlft downwards, and extinguifli it by exn: cefs of 'Iallow, how unjuftly does-ihch an one bjame the Winds for putting out its light? . Tiic fweet Influences of the Gmlc- ffisis, iiid efpecially chs; katpf Mfia- van’s , bright Eye , ,(ihe Sun) doe# in jiot Countries prepare ail forts ofVe^, getacions and Fruits,' fo as that they become more wEoHbm and proper foi: the ..Body, than in colder Regions,-' 'thcreby.pointing outwhich is the molt' natural food in ffish Climates; of which’ the .Natives, (though >y.tis tfteemed , are fb wife- as to take n.oticc ; for ttity in ;mpft : hot Countries do more incline to cit- ^erh and fe/p (though not fo much as they, ought, nor do .they preparevnany of them fo.wch;asAhey flaould) -yefe E 2 thereby, V 7^ / thereby, and by being Grangers to Riot and Intemperance,., tliey retain an undifturbed Health to very great Ages; So'ia the Eafi-hdies, where the food is chiefly Heds, Fruits and 'Ghins, and their Drink onhjWAtcr^ \ io meet with Perfons of Ont liundrel Tears cf is conimon ; nay, it is arcdibly reported, that fome of thofe ezhtd-Brachmanty who do wholly abftaih from eating either Hejh or Fijh^ do. lengthen out their days to Ow HufidredaHdTwe»iyy and Ont Gufidrtd and Fift^.Tears: Aadin GuimSy tho’ it be a very hot Country, and generally the Conftitiition of the Air accounted very unwisolfbiti, y«tyou lliall fee the Fthiopians frequently live One Mundrti md Tiventy Tears in great flrength and vigour. By til which it is plain, that the fault is neither in the Soil, nor the climate, but it is hiemferamtho^n iw C^antity and Quality, is the main cajulS of the grievous Difterapcri and ihbft'Lives of our Ehgiiih that travel into hot Countries, and alfo of the ■Weaknefij Wcaknefs and untimely Deatfe of fa many of their Children. For Prodi¬ gious in the Exccfs they commitj fuch as cannot rationally be imagined of any that had sot a mind willfully to deftroy thcmfelves: for to.pmit their Extravagances in ordinary Dict^’th© vafi: Quantities of Flefb and Fsjif which they unaeceffarily devour, I have heard it credibly related, and afcmed, Thap there has been the Quantity Qf pm Thoiffand or One Thoufand Tm Hniidred Bottles of Wint^ Madera and C/aret, confumcd ,at one Feaft, made by 'a common Plaatee oiBadadsesy and that .the like Superfluity .(ai if they would vye for Luxury with the old Romansf in the declining Age of their Empire) is not infrequent in that and %t}ier Wejl’ern Plantations. ' . ■ ■' Now let ■ all the' World judge,' if men will thus feek Death in the Errprs of their Lives, howis thc.Couatry to be'copplaiiedQf? He that takes hifr ffiafe ef three or four fuch Treats,'wjli have htde reafoh to accuf© the heat <3? • : . S 5 Sfes the Weather for caftjjsg him into £ Fe^ver. If onr Englilh, and of.hers, that travel to and live in thole Welicnr, Eitflmf or Southern Regions would be butib obedient to Nature, and kind to themlelves as to obferve a proper Order and right'Method of Living, they would not only live long, but healthy. And for their furtherance and bcflcfit therein (I mean, fuch as have not abfbiutely forfworn hearken¬ ing to any Remonftranccs of nor betrothed dternfdvcs to Madiieis and ruinating Debauchery) I fhsii here add a few general Rules or Di- reftions for thcprelcrvation of Health, very nccelfary to be regarded by all flick as live in Hot ClintAtes, I . Fkjh ought not to be eaten at all, isr very fparingly; for Fkjb in hot Countries ii' nothing fb firm, good and wholfom as in cold fthoughthe eating thereof.may well befparedin botk) bui on • the other fide, Htrbs, and moR fm/xare abundastly, more lore excellent foe Food ia liot Cli- ji?tes than in Co'd; The lafie is to be hderftood by Fifo, as experience has lught tlic ail i'ueh places, ,'ho therefore do more inclinetoeat hbs, Fruf^s and Vegemh'as; and foe rant of th is Prudence, have not many f our Northern Fcofk after a full Meal f Fk(hQx Fijhln tiiofe hot parts, been jddenly furprized w'ith various cruel' lileafes, as and' lie like. ■ . 2 . FxiH and Liherd Eating of any irt of Food, proves of more danger- us conlcquencQ to Health, cfpecially the Foods be grols, fat and fucculent, ccatifc the natural and central Heat 1 by the great Power of the Coeleftial afluenccs continually exhaled, and fo ecomes more exterfia), which does in degree debilitate the Digeftive Faeul- for which caiifc a mans Stomach nd Appetite is rarely fo lharp and :rong as in cold Countries. 1 4 Qmt Great Drinkm^, efpeciallv of •ftrong exhilerating Liquors, as Wme^ Brandy^ .or other is very per¬ nicious ; for all fuch Drinks, if not cautiouPiy ufcd, and v/ell allay’d with Water, proves of fatal confequencs, and wounds Nature to the very heart, as daily Experience docs teftifie, and doth fooner deftroy Health, than in .cold Countries, though bad in both, I know this is contrary to the Fulgar Notions^ but it k agreeable to Truth, Experience and Reajoft ; only People, by a vitious Inclination, had a mind to debauch thenilelvcs with ftrong Li¬ quors, and the Devil, to humor- them, fiiggefted that fuch Liquors (forfoot'h!) were heceflaiy, andmoft .to be ufed in hot Countries; and fb they got a colour for their ftxoi^is, and continue the Maxiine. and now,, plead, Tkji muji be Drunk if they niem to be Healthy, &c. But Nature^ as well as Chrfknity, will read them another Lelfon ^ for in hot Climates, the natural or central Scat Heat hieing not fo ftrong, b}? rcafon of the forcible Influences of the Sun, powerfully exhaling the Radical Moi- fture, opening the Pores, and too vio¬ lently evaporating the Spirits, th® StcfH^sh and Digefihe faculty thereby become weak, and the inclination to drinking is enereafcd; for which rea- lon many defirc hot fpirituous Drinks, finding a prefent* Refrelliment; for filch Liquors do powerfully awaken the internal or cen tral Spirits by Smik^ \yhich mak«s the Drinkers -quick, lively and brisk, during the time of their operation, which is but for a Moment, but afterwards they find themfclves heavy, dull and in- difpoled, their Stomach more feeble, cold and raw than before, which in¬ clines them to take t’other Dratrt; and ftill, the more theworfc, till Nature be debilitated to the utmofl: Extremity. The lame operation have all Whits and other Drinks, if Temperance b« wanting, but not ,fo .violently.as the former; therefore in all hot Climates there , (5S) ' tlicrc ought to be double the care and temperance, as in cold, both in Dr/».frand E,\emf:s; of which, tlis Natives of hot Countries may be our Examples; for they do, for the mofi: part dive temperately, their Drink fE’atrr, or fV/as ahy d rv:tk IVafer; their Food mean, or more fimplcand iiinticcntthanoiirs, whereby thevarc better prefervedin fJealth; the'Con- ftin.rtions of ai! People in hot Climates bedr-g not lb able to bear or endure gr{.l and fufer^:iofn Drbskif^g of ifro;-:' Liquors, as in cold. There¬ fore mod of thofe that in Fuch places ac''i’Uom. thcrnlclves to the frequent ufc o: VAOlt 'jlro^g l^iritiioiis fitry Drimsy and vlie ccnimon coinTe ofgornian' dizingon f 'klb and Ftjh^ become very obiioxio'js to the Dry Belly-Aks^ of Crr:ynig of the Guts, Dropfes ■ and the Gb v/. For all fuch Foods and Drinks too violently ftir up and confume the natural Heat and MoiEure, whereby the ,digcfl:ive FacuIt3g;Ofthe Stomach, is rciidred uncapabk to concoSt'or make nakc any perfea feperation, wliercby he body grov.'s oppreffed with a fCrudicks and naxiofu Jukes, that bmedmes fall into the Joynts, infes¬ ting and tormenting them; and this s die original of that Rich Evifcaird, fhe In other Complexions licfe and the like Difbrders prey upon he_ folhd parts, and wade the Fkp, aking away natural frrength and agour; fo that fhch Pcrfuiis pine and in|uini under fuch a load of daily im ’Ciicd Aliment; for noshing is more ifiial in Nature, than for Extreams to generate or occafion cadi other, and ilicfe you call CoutaptlOngl. In 3thcrs, for want of Heat and Moiftuse the Excrement in the Bov/cls, is com nafted into fo hard a fubftance, that It cannot freely ptfs; aad this is that ivhich the learnfed call, and the Vulgar, ffs FUgm i» tk Gilts, for which moft cruel Dif- safe there is fearcc a DoS:or that hath jrctfound out a certain Remedy, t Now in thefe our Wtfiern fknu^ thm (6o;\ . I chefe tormenting Difeafes arl much encreafed by the frequent Tip pling of that pernicious Drink calk pUlld) , the Nature and effefts o which I have herein before hinted but more fully demonftrated in mj Treatife, entituled, TheCoantry-Maii CornfamoTi, pag. no. Vn Ibme other Conhitutions tin central Heat and 'Humor RiMcalu be ing wafted by fuch unfit Meats an( Drinks lo received, is turn’d into aflui of Humors, both windy and w'atery M'hich fwclls th^ lower'parts of tb body; and' this is the generation o your " ■■■' t But as the Lord our bountiful Crea tor is always good, and his Hand-maid (Nature) an indulgent Mother; f( they have, as it were, chalked out thi m*eans of preventing thefe Evils,'anc preferibed proper Diet and Drinks ii every Country and Climate to its In lubirants^' by the natural ProduHioni of each refpeaive-R^ida, wohldmei be fo wife to follow thofc Dilates ' i for all hot Climates, (as ' is before intimated j do furnilh their In¬ habitants with wonderful variety and plenty of brave noble, and moft fra¬ grant Herbsj Fruits, Reots and Grains, and moft pure Waters, far exceeding ihofb of c©ld Countries, both in Quan¬ tity and Quality; for in thoft hot Re¬ gions, Heaven’s bright Lamp, that central Fire of the Univerfe, thci’XJyV, ks greater power, ftrength and vertua to fit and prepare all things for our ufe ; and if our Englifh, and others, would be fo prudent as t© aseuftom themfclves to thdfe harmlefs natural funple Food and moderate Drinks, tl'icn the fore-mentioned Diftempers would hardly be known araoogft them. 4. They ought likcwifc to have re¬ gard to the proper Times of their ea- ting, or Meals, that is to lay, to eat about Eight ox Nitte a Clock i» the Mornings and then again at Four or Five^ith' Jftermin’, for the common time ( 2(5 ) time of Dinner about Tmht or is neither Rational nor Natural, be- eauie the Sun is rlieji rsesr the Merci¬ an, anci doth then ib povrei'h‘ti!.v' dratv forth, exhale, and vreaken rhis Natr . rai and Cgnteral heat of tiic Srorrr.iU;, that it indifpofes tfie whe'f: fb.jdr, more than at anv orlicr time of ik day, fo that then Nature is not ftiM e!! able torcrfoinnc'/( > hn r'r^ n"' Stomach, by e perRcl Conccetlon or Separation of the Meats and Drinks, and io all die Senfes are dulled, and the Intelleft fri][)ifi€d, asd not aiew feeds of difeafes srethereby fewn through¬ out the Body. ■ Befides thelongMorn¬ ings Work grEserdfe/nas by that time pretty much wearied, dulled, or eva¬ porated the brisk lively Spirits,-'which are ahvayes tlie main fuppoitsof Con¬ coction arid Digeition, and fb Nature is {till remJred the rncr§. uncapabk of doing her work with safe. But in the Morning, afer NoiRurnal Repofe has recovered the. wafted Spirits, and made them. Brisk, Airy, aad full of Life, Life, tlie digeftivciaciiky is fortified, arid rendred able to digeft quantity of Food, with much mors eaie and iafety. The fkne is to be underhood in tlic AfternoGn, or to¬ wards Nigbt, for ilien the heat of' tlie day being over, and the Body becomes Cool, Airy, and full of.Life, and bg- ing a (uScient time before ficep, as at Fo«'r or ‘FF-’c a Clock, flich Suppers will not Incommode Nature, nor hin¬ der Ilcfi:, as late eating is apt to do, especially iir hot Countries, and ffill the mere immaturcr Age, orfuchas begin to be liriken in years,- to wirorn llieli Meals are moii iniiiri- CLiS. ' • Such as have’ due regard to their Health and Streiigth, ought for tlic rea.fbns aforefsid to Reji from £/e.-r- i:c;i .a Clock till in the Afternoon, which will wonderfully recover their Spirits, and render them much better able to go through with their Labour with a' lively Yigour, and to do more Work ( 64 ) 'W'ork, and with left prejudice thta fueh as moil at it all day, and the lame will fo encreafe and ftreagthen the na¬ tural heat that th»y will have better Appetites, and their Food will more eafily be Concotled: Therefore this advice ought by no means to be neg- leftcd, being in all hot Comtrits a maia expedient for the prefer vation of HsAlth and Strength.- . 6 . All violent Exercifis are to be avoided, and long tedioiK Labour and Travel, for they put Nature on the Rack, and Wound fo deep tliat the Cure becomes very hard, if notde- fparate. • ' . 7. Foods moft proper for hot Cli¬ mates are Bred,' Herhs (bot h raw and boy led) Emits, (fQme to be eaten as Mature has prepared them, others to be further prepared, each according to its kind) Gr/iins, Roots, and tlie various forts of Food that may be made thereof, viz, Mill: iatire as it gomes comes fi-om the Cow, raw or made Into M'dk-Pottage, or fometimes turned and thzJ'Vhey drank, which is admirable for many People, as to wholfomeneft and Health, efpecially forfuchasarc fubjeft to windy difeales,ic powerfully carries the windy matter downwards, and caiifts it to pafs away freely, iji fumo: Alfo, Milk skimm’d and the skimm’d Milk drank, effefts the fame' far better than the Milk with the Crem. Alfo, Milk, WAter and Florver made into a Pap, according to our direQions, in our Treadle entitulcd, The Good Ho'ifemfe m^de d Dohlcr, &c. is a brave Noble Subftandal Food; fb is Water, Eggs and Flenver made into a Pap, and Water-gruel, Herb-Pottage, Eggs.., Butter and the like, are very gallant Healthy and moft Natural Foods, far excelling all TAjZ'and Specially in hot Countries, asalittk rcfolved Experience will certainly teaeh any that fliall try it ; with many other proper Poods you*n3all find in my aforefaid Treatife, and tlie righe P pre- (66 J preparation of each of them; toge¬ ther with the Nature and Operation oi various drinks, . as moft forts of Jk, Bee/, Syder, each I’poken to cli- itihcily by tliemfelves, &c. S, They ought to avoid the frequent eating and drinking of all Foods or Li¬ quors in which the Smef Quality is too; highly predominant; for fw eet Foods are of far more-dangerouscon- ifcquence-as to Health, thaii moft Peo¬ ple imagin; for all Sweet things when fermented in the Stomach do turji to the higheB Sotver^ie/s, viz. into a keen fltarpnefs, which docs not only fpcil the digeflive faculty, but InfeHs the Blood with a Mangie, Scorbutick Hu¬ mour, caufing ftof pages in all the ex- tbrnal parts, whence proceed Indifpo- fitions, and akejng Loyns, and feeble Jqyhts. For the lame caufe it is, that fucht as eat much Sf/^ar or fwcet food, are.cjttrearhly ftoubled with rotten de¬ cay’d. Teeth’and' Gumes; for thofe dullified foods, caule fuch a.iburacid ! . ( ^7 ) . ! Qmlityd.% genera! cspiitrjfaci:ion,\vhicli centers on the Teeth and between the Gumes, andfodelhroysthem: Andie were far -better and more healthy icr People, if they w^ould accnlfom thern- feves to Foods and Drinhs in w hich the Bitter and Sower Qualities were mor® predominant,efpcciaily in hot Climates, wdiere nlou forts of Fruits are fweet- ifij; for the Root of all Motion, Opem. ing and Cleanfingj confifts in the Bit-: ter Quality; for w^iich reafon the- Sofhys or Wife-men^ both of the 6(?«- thern and £.r/?tr»Coimtries have taiiglit the People to moderate ail or moft of, their foods w i:h Herbs and Fruits that are oi' a Mitterijh W'hich does W0)!dcr.‘’'l'y fupport Nature and pre- fe!-ve i taith, whereby they attain to,, very great Ages, as. we noted before of thofe in Guinea, and the fame may be obferved elfewherejibr thofe I'atriarchs whofe Longevity w'e find Recorded, did all of them live in very hot Goun- tries: But their Temperance fupp.ort- ed Nature, and fa it will (m a prepor-. ■T 2 tionaMe res) tlonablc degree') all that pra£l:ice it And therefore if thefc Rules ot Health be ferioufly regarded and follo'w’ed, thole caufclefs fcandalsonthe Climate, the Heat, &c. of thele happy Weflem, Southern and Regions (not in¬ ferior for Health or Plcalantnels (if rightly underftood ) to any in the World) wdll ceafe, and the* Engliih Traders or Inhabitants may there ex¬ tend their lives in Comfort to as good ail old Age, as tliey v/ould’have pro- Hiifcd themld ves in their Native Coun¬ try : But w ithout Difcretion and I'em- perance in H/er, Drwh, Exercifes and Jffe£iions of the mind, Difcales will certainly attend us, wherever we re- fide; and an immature Death be apt to feize us: There is no Region fo happy, no Elevation of the Pole lb temperate, no Air fo falubrious, as to keep People in Health whether they - will or no, and thole that obftinately violate Nature, and wilfully perfue courfes ablblutely defbruftive, may juftly berank’t amongft the number of Sdf-Murthenrs^ 1 , Self-M/irtkrers; for it matters not juLich whether a man kilUhimfclt W, ar by repeated A&i Md degrees^ only the/r/j!'et, and encreale of ill dlage. ’ Be- .CtS). Befettlius with thkk-iom>ng Sr/mvs, and without ProfpeQ: of flalp.or Re- lief from men, to whom can v\ e a r^plv our ieivss, but to the Fountu}} ef Mercy and Good^efs, from wiiom v.g and all other Creatures derive their being? To thee therefore, 0 than E!-er}?d lind Ffifmte unknown Parent of Ar.g. Is, and Mat! whonumbereft-the Sands of the Shore, and didft pour forth tile Ocean-Sea, who formedfl: the glorious Sun, and endued.all the Scars ■^ith their Luftre, in comparifbn of '^hom Princes are Vanity, and .Kings but animated Shadows, .who art gracious in thy. Goodnefs to the Poor and Opprclicd, and whole Vengeance ihallbe terrible to the and the. Cruet. To thee, the only Refuge of the Dsjtrejfed, w'e dirtd our 'Co;-n- plaints ! By thy holy Power, Hea- venahd Earth, and all things therein, were mada, and by the fame preier- ved and fuftainsd! Thou haft form¬ ed Man in thy own Lik§nefs, and ( 79 ) given him dominion and not only over the:; inferior Creatijrcs, bar ahb over each other, in Qsi^emf nnd iVd-doi'ag ; but infi'ead thereof b.c hath turned away the Eye of liis Mind from thyCounfeis, and hadi precipitated IiE Imagmation into the Centre of Wrath and ihercencls,there¬ by (Iclaming his Noble Birth, and tkpraving-that innocent Faradifical I'ihite he was created do: So that whereas he was made a fociabk Crea- iiire, and intended for die well-order¬ ing of the inferior Beings, and the be' p and comfort of thole of his own Species by mutural Afts-of Beno\ds and fj^ars are fet on foot in our Native Countries, and tiiofe that are ftrongeft- ar].d mod: Runierous, kill, flay and murder’the other at their pleafure; and as for thofe that they have alive, ’tis not out of pity or kindnefs, but to gratifie their own Covetournefs, by making Mer¬ chandize of them, and expofing them to Slavery, far worfe than Death. For then v'e are hurried from our ncareft and dearefl: Relations, the: kind Husband from his loving Wife, the tender Mother from her helpieS Babes, and Youths fthe comfort and joy of AgeJ fliatcht from their mourn¬ ing Parents, and that v i;hou‘.. any, hopes of ever feeing one aiiothef , G ggain, (S2) " g* . qre v\ e fometimes driven t' ' w ivs b' Land over partching .1 ■'nd b ougli howling Wilder- .".jiris, down to the Sea-Coafts, and and. Eviftorios being all rhe way mi^er- ab!)Wi^«/'^'by our unmerciful Drivers, and wearied and'fpeiu with Over- Trr.‘v'd, H.^j nourihiing Food; And indeed foti are, yet give me leave to tdl you Aj theyadbrdbutaweak unfhml^i.;i ■ Nourifhment, in companion 0. ii| ny other that are to be e | aline, elAciaHy to I eofle t^ J nothing elfe, and contmiiallv vcH hard: And for you that lo cry upt| Excellency ofthelb things, whie | ^■■ou all would be contented to with iiicliFocd only for one quart of a Year,- and fometimes to v\2. thattoo, asyoukno^v we o^ ril uT,vrant you would to th it mlfeable iarc, and be resi to Su ear you fliould be ftarv Jnd vet you might much better h " P , . - ^ 99 ) . ■ part your felves therewith then becauie you live eafie, or rather idle Lives ill coiriparifoil of us; fbr ybii lie oil Beds, and as long, as ,beft plea- feth yoiir felveSj and Icarce do an j Hours work in a Moneth; and if I yoii got blit to your hext Neighbours j to finoke and drink, you mull: have I an Horfe to carry you, and a Slave to i| attend you; and during all the hot ;| time of the day, you take your Reftj ;i or keep out of the torrid Beanis of the f Suri ; and if you with all thefe Ad- i vantages cannot live oh bare : and Potatoes, how do ybii think we J can go through with our contiriual hard Labour.^ with no other Pto- i; vifioris? , , 1 ^ The truth is, our Slavery,. hard A 'Uy^eand Burthens are greater than; 2 ^: we can bear ; and yet if we corn- i plain, om Remedyis like your going lii to Dolors, when a m n is fick^ or s( wants his Health, viz. wbrfe thaA V the Difeafe : How often are we com« frj pellfcdio carry heavy Burthens [A j n_ 2 (loo; fix, feven, eight, nine or ten Miles, wz. an hundred Weigh j or more, with one to. rollow us with a Whip and a Spur, until Oiir Very Hearts ake, and our Limbs fail to bear us,' aril when we come to our Jourhe} s end, there is Bredfajl , no Mornings Draughts^ no Refre(bment provide for us, but only Watery where we can find it,. To that m e are forced to pilfei Sugary MaUjfus, Poultrejy Corny C! any thing of that hind, and fell itt( buy a little forry {linking rotten F/jl or FI(py to give our Herh and Rosi an. Hogo or' I'alle; And tlitn v. ejiuvi fb many Miles to travel back, aw there no Reft, but pre'enrly to v\6il again till Kigiit, and uhen ue havi thus-moil’d end toild af day I'ciij \\orfe then l orfes, our Acccmcdat on is wcife than theirs too, for w have nC' Meat, nqProvii,der provide i: 1 . us, buthaveour Suppers not ori toftie. .©ft til , cure. jsandepek, ibutto get, v.liic nes \^ e hazard o.ur Lives to pfi (lOl) For our Mafters and Govsrnotn^ nake ftr G Ordinances,’ That it fhall )elawful for any that take us a fteal-j iiff Hens, or any other Fowls or Pro- 'ifions, not only to beat and whip us It their pleafure, but alfo to kid ns, ‘ ind yer«ar the fame time fome of,, hefe godly Law^-makers will force us, hat is, put us upon an unavoidable 'jecefTi'ty, to fteal Provifions front )ur Neighbours, by not allowing us ■' my thing near fuMcient Quantities' ifSufteiiapce, to fupportand relieve- he NecelTifies of Nature, or anfwer he continual expence ind wafte of ipirits by Rich' grievous Labours as :hey compel us to undergo. And yet ’ hough they make !uch ievereLaws.- igainft us, it leems they themfelves Jo not account Stealing in it felf any Evil, for befides their daily praftice of over-reaching one another in Bar¬ gains, which is hut a civil way of Stealing, we remember thatnot ve-.' ry long fince, fix Or feven of our Gouji- tfy-men, who were Slaves to a great H-3 . man, VAan, were taken ftealing of f!rovi4 ons from one of his Neighbours; he that took them did not ulc the rigour of the Law, that is to kill them upon the place, but t?ery Neighbourly brings them to their Maffer, and com¬ plains, M'hp ordered the Overfeer to wdiip them foundly ^ whicfi being e}^ecuted accordingly, the Mafter commanded them to be brought be¬ fore him, and there complemented them in this manner; Tou Rogues! 1 heat and whip you not fo.much for Steal, ing, OrS for that ygti fujferedyour fehei to he. caught. Is not this rare Chriftian Equity, to beat us unmercifully for that which they themfelves do but X^augbat, andmakea jeftof? Does this favour of the true Chriftian Spi¬ rit Nay, certainly, but of the de¬ praved Hellifh Nature. This more than, favage Cruelty and Oppreflion, proceeds 'without any CompalSon to iige or Sex, -fpr they have no regard to the WeaknelTes, Pileafes or Infir¬ mities of our Wornen, nor of our I > , lear and tender Infants, they make Lr Wives, during the time of their ^regnancy, work equally with the eft, even until the very day of their leliv'ery, or Birtii of their Children, rhich we can fcarce call their Lyings n, for, alas! they have i)o monetL yNurfes, nor groaning Chcefe, none )f the Comforts of Ale, or Wine, Or laudles, or rich refrefhing Suppings, lut muft be content with a few dry ’omes, and a Caudle made with linking Machrel^ or Broths of un- vholfdm putrified Flefh, and glad if hey can get it; for in truth they al¬ ow them little or nothing more than it other times, and but two or three layes Reft ; and then they muft out [gain into the Field with their young md tender Bal^s, ‘ and leave them prauling on the Ground, which is heir only Nurfe and Cradle ^ nor ;an they expeft any Rocking, unlels God to punifh our Inhuma# lity, ftiould lend an Earthquake; ^ay, when they cry for want of the H4 . pref^ncf ( IC^) prefcncs and rendcnce of their Mo¬ thers. 'and for lackot Suftenance, oUr rCLig!) and churliili Overfccrs vrill- haidh'allow' lime ro give ihern Seek. Ifoor ’.Vomtn be di'oj-dcitd by the luiiLtral Iiihr^.niiies awenciinf:! ilicir 5ex, or by the ire maid nefs and cry¬ ing of their Children, which Itave broken tiicir and our short Flours of Sleep; Nobody cemes and asks, Fo'r- footb! boiv hive yon relied to A ight ? Norci'ies, Pr.tj keif no Noefe, j,be has not ft well to No, no, let the cafe be how it w ill, as foon as the Gray-ey’d Morning draws the Cur¬ tains of the Day, and the Light be¬ gins to peep from behind the Moun¬ tains of the Eaft, the b'liiihering Over- feer blows his Horn, or Sheal, and then prefently all Excufes Fet apart, we and cur Wives muft turn out with our "ender Children, whether we er they be' well or fick. difpofed or in- difpoFed, it matters not, to Work we muE go, under the Whip and the Spiitj and the Sun’s fcorching Eeams all the d'jy long, and none comes and diCres them to ear a bit and drink bdere they go out, to prevent tl^e Wind; but'on the conirary, jfonr Wires never fb truly plead tlieir In? ability to labour thus, they, mid no Ears open to hear them with pity, but fevere Rands and luhv'Wh.ips rea- dy to lay on cruel Snipes upon .their tender, and tamnr.g Backs,, and fo tl'iey are forcc.d to carry their Cluiefreti viththem into the Work-held, and li;ek!e them there, v.hen'iheycan get an opportunity all day, and lb lug them hom.e again at Night, and have no refrefhing Drinks, nor pro¬ per Foods to fupply them with dry¬ er moift' Nourillrment. Thefe things, though oiir hard hearted, Mahers regard not, yet methinks, our Mijlrfjjes. if not out of Chrifti- anity . tie mads in rl'n-.e livagc, and endued vith rariena! aV-d imn'.crtal Souls, \et vee are nodiii^g luiure in tnaiu e.t cur A'iafters dieem, than ihar Money^ and if iome ui fthem could fuid out a way to tonneiu and jdague us ten fbidiUOiC, they v. ould Jo ic,provided we might ttil! be biit able to perform our Drudgery, to maintain them in Superfluity and Gluttony. For our precious Lives dre reckon^ ed no more than thofe of fo many bogs,, though they cannot gratifie their Fallates and Paunches y . nor maintain themfelves in their Luxu¬ ries, and finftil Vanities, but meerly by our Labours, yet pa any irregular. Paflion or devilifli tiumorj fome df them will facrifice our Lives m. their Fury, and neither count it Murther, nor any Sin, nei ther did we ever hear that their Law in fuch Cafes made inquifition for. Blood, .or punifhed thofe that committed fuch Murders, btherwife thai) by a Fine, or ordering them to pay fo much Sugar for the bufinefs; as if there were any Equa- •, lity. Proportion or Adequatenefs be¬ tween fuch a CrjingCrimZy arid fuch Punifhment. Do not your Plantations which have drank up our innocent and unrevehged Blood, cry unto the Lord^ the righteous Judge ■ . '"■Til ) ' ‘ ' , of Heaven and Earth, for Juftice and ketaliarion ? For divers ot'onr Cmn~ try-mra have been BiitcherM this wav; and little more notice taken of it than if we vrere Fleas or Gnats, or Wclves or Bears. Nay, fome of ns have been Burnt for running away (and yet we were therein julfined by the Law of Na¬ ture, for who would not elcape, if he eould, out of Slavery?) and this tot), although their MiftrilTes and Mafters might have fold themi to be tranC ported elfewhere; but their Envy, Pallion and Revenge was fo great, tliat'they prefer’d it before their Gain ; one Widdow Woman above all the. reft, (as we. iiaVe heard) burned her Ntgi-o for running away, -and .laying,, that, Wi^h-vver hejnct her-,, he mdi }\,ihher: So when she cirught him/ she was Judge, Jury, Executioner^ and all, though at the fame timeflie might have fold him to beTranljxM-' ted to Mevis. .,' ■ ■ _ , Here was(as doubtlcEL'L^'^’juty'Re-r r iiz y in the higheft degree! If slie had on. ly tlireatned him, as he threatned her, she had been even with him, but no. thing would fatisfie her Malice but to Roaft him. 0 thou moft iiid and eternal Lawgiver, and Per^v^■ader of all Creatures! t)a,there things tafte or favour of Chrijliknity^. Have they any fuch Examples left them by thy Primitive- Servants ? Or did thy eternal Son,the Saviour of the World,' preach, any fuch DoQirine, dr fet any - fueh Example in his meek and holy .Pilgrimage on Earth? If not, by what Authority, or By what Difpen- fation againft his divine Law-do you pr'aftife thefe things ? Is it not from' the power of the Serpent and the Dragon , yiz. the. -dcvilini fierce wrarlifnl- hellifli Nature? Undoubt- 'cdlv if they Repent not of thefe their cruel Crimes, though they call thein- felves chrifthns never fo much tk Chrjf ofGod \ii\\ fay unto them, Dc- f-xrt from me, 1 kno-d you notye hloodj Workers of •hi'quity: ■ (iii) ,, By what right, or on what pre- ten fions is it, 0 you nominal Chrifiij ms ! that yoii take upon you to make us your Slaves^ 16 over-laboUr, haj^- flarve, beat, abule and kill your pleafure? Is itbecaule wc are not (f your Religion and Belief?. Hath God ally where given a Corh- niilTion to thole that prbfelj; cl^ri^. pAnity, that they ffiay^ when’ , they; lift, fall upon any Peirfons,. whom- they call Hmkns j' and difpoirels' them ©f their Lands,, or lead them away Captiyc, and make Merchant, dize of them, and ufc them in all re- Ipects as Beafts, or rather much worfe? This was not furc the M'ay, by which Paul and Peter, and the. other good men of Old, -(whom we often hear you fpeak of^ and praftife) did convert our //ei/^e^.Aneeftors; to your Faith : \Ve have heard Home of our Chrifiian iVlafters fay, Xb/it Chrifi, (w horn you pretend to. follow, as your Prophet, JLprdznd Son- of the Eterttd and mft Mercifd i ' (Sodl Gcd,. hu Right-hA'nd^ afsd ms tUrnd in ivhich he reconciles bmfelf un¬ to rntn'kind, even all thofe thut fhiill live in trnsjhovt~?rinci'fle^ from nihich pro- ctt^' '’•mthing^ ■ either of WvAth-, J/sger, Viokiice^ MaUce or Oppref/m. hut aI- tdgeihd'the contr&sj.^ ns Patience, 'Cour- tefic, Good-'iviS, Comprffon, thmty, .end the Uke^ to dl the Worlds 1 his, if we^miftafee not, 'is the true ChrilhiaR Dotrririe, which ffioft ot«, ou ciO ac- knciV. lodge in Words. But how docs ti is ccrritiil: or agree with the Vioknce, hjficc and Oppn-ffcns which you exerci% upon us ? Or is yourRe.igi- on. one thing in profeffion, and ano^- ther in praadc ? This we are hare of, though your Tongues may be Chri- flAAn: your Husias are Heathen-; nay, tnofi times your very Language is con- trarv to your befere-ilrentioned t're- tenfions, for how elie comes it to pafs that you B.ant.^ ahd and-Sn^e^r, and Curfe^ and call devililh Na?nes fo iaft upon the kail' thing, wherein we diCpleafe your Humors. . ' But C «4) , B j£ perhaps you will fay,. That aoc by vhtue of your Religion, but • by Tome fuper - excellent or higher : Dignity of Nature above us,- yoir claim a Right to make us your Slaves' ' and Vaffals. But pray, have you this Prerogative from your Delcent or Pedigree ? Or from fome dicFerent- Fabrick of your Bodies ? Or from your extraordinary Endowmerts of Mind? As for tlie firlijdo not the Oracles of your Religx)ii oblige you to believe, that the great God created the Man whom you call Ad:im\ and' that from him came all the People that ever fiKce, tvere, or in the World ? And if fo, arc w’Q not of as good Parentage, as ancient a Family,as noble a ^Tcent gs the beR of you ? Ought you not ,fhen to love us as your Brethren, de¬ fended from the fame'common Fa¬ ther? or at leaft refoect us as your Kinfmen, and of the fame Lineage. Are not our Bodies of as proporti¬ onable a Frame, andas. well furnifiu i with ufeful Li'/jAs ? Are not all onr I 2 . . .1 Sefifes as good and quick as yours ? ISiay, are we not naturally obnoxi¬ ous to fewer Diieafcs than you,though now indeed by yoiir harfh ufage our Days are often shortned, and our Health impaired; but this is not the fault of our Conftitutions, but of your Severities, which bring upon us thofc Weaknelfes and Dlforders,' which we were never before acquainted with; For ariy Exercifes of Running, Leaping,. Swimming, and the like, which of you can equal us ? As for the bUihnefs.o^. oiir Skins, we find ho reafoii to be afhamed of it, his the Livery which our great Lord and Maker hath thought fit we should wear; Do not y«u amongft Furs, prize pure Suhles as thheh as Ermim ? Is ‘^ett or Ebony defpiled for its Co- iour? Can wc help it, if the Sun by too elofe and fervent KilTes, and the nature of the Climate and Soil wherfc we were Born, hath tinftur’d us with a dark Complexioa? Have hot you variety of Complexions amo.rigft your Fair, others Urotv», many Smrthy^ and feveral Cok-hlack ? 4nd would it t)e reafonable that each fort of thel^ lliouid quarrel with the qther^ and a man be m.ade a Slave forever, nreerly becaufe his Beard is Rei^ or his Eye¬ brows In a word, if our be tire only difference, fiiice White is. as contrary to Black , as Black is £0 Wbifje, there is. as. much realbn that yott fhould be our Slaves., as we yours> Laffly, as to our you dare not deny but they are Immortal as well as yours, conrequently capable pf as much Bli(s and Happinefs, be¬ ing as \yell as yours, created m the Image gf God, anjdi of an hea¬ venly Original: Ha.ve we npt the fame Faculties, Underftaading, Me¬ mory and Will ? Arc we not endued with a reflex. ?dwer, whereby to con¬ demn or approve our own. Aftions as they are, either gogd or evil ? Are. we not, if we had the ad,vantages of Education,- altogether as dociblej a.nd 13 (ll-j) apt to learn Arts and Sciences as.sny of you? witnefs Avev'ves^ 4vuem% and others of our Country-men, who v/cre famous Fhilofofkrs^ Afirologians, and the like. For in us as well as you, are^ntained the true Natures of all Elements, the Seeds of all Sciences, and an hidden Epitom of tlie four Worlds, IntdkU'ud^ Rstiopd^ ■ Ekr/i ntd and Senphe. 'Tis true, we .are not lo ready at Words, nor fo nimble to exprels our Conceptions, but we can more than gue:S at what is Jufi;,and Fit, and Ho- rieri:;and Seemly, and know what is a- greeableto the dignity ol humane Na¬ ture, and whatnot,' though the C^W- fikpi defpile us by the Name of M-i- ‘'thens ; we mull acknowledge that we' are notfo well acquainted svkh the wordy and notional matters ofiP-cli* gion, nor do talk fo much of it, not .Iteep fo much ado about it, as many of the Chripans do, for we do not Wrangle, nor .Fight, nor Backbite oi Hate one another for^ or touchins tk Worfliip ot Qbd't Nor, do w.e Kill; Burn or linpriftil aiijr for 'iiiDt agreeing wicbus.j or 'being of buf Inc&lle£iuas C omplexions 7, becaufe God in his WifHoin has rrucif ail things to differ ;.iTiany there are whofe Ejes'are open fee into the truth of thefe things. As for our Faithjtoachiug God and Eternity, we have not rrmch to iiy,^ neither do we ever ufe many Words For we have only one Book^ 011? in which is contained th«? true Nature and Property of all things, both Internally an(^ ^teraah ly, and happy is he that cas reaci but the Chrifi-Qrofs-Rm- in iiis owjt Book, it is more profitable to hiii^ than a niultitude of Books, cry M up and ad mired by the World: And this, we do know and acknov'kdgc, that there is a good and an evil Spirit or Principle wfitkin us, one whiGli prompts, and invites, and leads us to. Good, and the other, drawing us to Evil; and by the light of the good 14' Principie, (ii9) Principle , we diftinguifh between what is Right, and the contrary; and whenfoever we do Evil, we are con¬ vinced and reproved for it by this good Gening,' whereby we are fen- hble' tliat Xying,' Swiring, Adul¬ tery, 'Idlenefs, “Dirobedieiice to our Malier;;burning of Houfes, Mur- ther, 'and the like, are Sins againft God; and w’hen 'afany time we com¬ mit any mch'things, we are accufed and condemned for the lame incur Hearts, though oiir Matters, nor any Creature elfe know thereof. In flibrt/'the main I)ilFerences be- t w^n the Qhrijims and us, feem to be no more than thefe, that they are and we BUcky beiaiife they are born in one Climate, and we in another ; they have LeAmin^, as Reading, Writing, fpeaking of rious languages, and we have none ■ dious .and careflil to Icok for iif„ irndl find It, as you have carelefly Liu: k,; and you lhail fee and know fhe linrors)' of your-wayes ■; and above al„ iknatv this, that every Maiier im'Ui&gjve'ffin: iiSocGunt Account of his Stewardfliifi- td the graEid xVIaficr of Heaven and Earth, and that tliefc miift be Retaliation jTtade, either in this Worlds of the World to come; B ft alas! wliat livelihood or hopes arer';ere of diir Relief, Hale, or Re- freRnic'P.t from thofe Op^rcJJioas ?ivA Bwik/is under which sve languifli, \5rheff thefe wc complain of are be¬ came fo unnatural, riiat they deaf 3'^ hardly and cruelly with their own Seed, even tlie Fruit of their own' fjOfus, as with us ? For do not our Maifers, to gratifie their raging Lnl'ts,, fbmetimes take our Women, aiffid make them their Concubines, edis.. either our Wives, or our Daughters, which beftpleafeth them, (For Adultery is accounted no greater a Crimeamongft many of them than Farnlcition^k botho^ them.but Vemd S'ois. Tricks of Touth, Of Modifh Gal- itnmes) upon .whom they beget mungril Children , that are neither White nor Black, but between both, which which therefore are called MoktPoy, and when thefe poor Women iri compliance with fuch their brutii^ Heats, have conceived by them>' and brought forth, yet the fathers, being without natural-^^ AfFe^io%. > tht^h ■ they are their own Seed, do expofe them, and make'thein. perpetual Slaves, ,botit they and their Pofterity. Now what can be more hellifli Cru¬ elty, or greater Baftncls,- then for men toafflia'thempwn $eed^- ; to be¬ get Children in their -Ijrunkennels andParojtifinsofLuftj andtheij nbt to care what becomes of them; nay , to make themlelves Authors of their Miferies as well, as of their Bideingi and inftcad of providing for, and well Educating them, -to enflaye and ty-i* ranhiz« over them^ vand; leave them- in that wretched condition to all narations: There -cannot fore he ,a greater Sin againft Qods pure Taw in Nature; Po .not the whole Kojs ef .the four Worlds condemn timf- and will not the-very ,®5aft,s K . Earth (i?o) Earth rife in Judgment againft fuch vile hard hearted Wretches, and Nature difown and fpue them but as abominable? For as the’ Cruelties and Oppref- fions of out Mafters are onr PUgua at prefeht, fo they will certainly draw down Judgments oa themfektt in time, if not prevented by Repen¬ tance and Reformatien ; for their ■Violence aV akens the center of dark Wrathj both in the internal and ex¬ ternal Nature, and by a lecret and fympathetical Power thefe awakened poymnous Properties do ftrongly ex¬ cite the malignant Influences of the Ccelefiids^ and attract their Male Cm- fguratiom; for every particular Qua¬ lity in Nature has a Key in it ielfto Open the Gate of its own Principle, whence prtceed many Calamities, ac- tofding to,the degree of the Sin or Evil committed, there being a certain Secret (by powerful fympathy) be¬ tween the 'CoekfiUi and Terrejlrid Bodies, by and through whofe evil Influences mutually work- mg on each otlier, Plagues and Ven¬ geance, and C/*/4«?/>/w.areengendred'; as on the other fide, by their benigne Inflaenees fweetly clafping and em¬ bracing each other in Harmony^ Peace and Plenty , Health and Security do proceed. • i • • / • For this caufe it is iii point of Self- Interefi, a thing of dangerous Conle- qucnce ^or omChriftian Maftcrs to be lo levero towards Us; . for the groaning of him that fuffereth Pain aiid Torment, is the, beginning of Trouble and Mifery to him. that is the caufe thereof. And it would be well for them, and happy for us poor Vaffals, if our Mafters would but be folbberastocOnfideri and be fenfible of this Truth/ that their ^itxccWrath, Violence, and Opfrejjions to us, do clearly demonftrate that the foyfonous Wrath is awakened^ &r does predonii- nateih thcm,f6 that let them call them- felves by 'whzxnam or title they pleale, His Servants they are whom they, eheyy the darkferee Spirit has overcome thq K 2 good good Genius in their Soul, and all the pure Virtues,, as Tmpermce ^ Com- 'p.\(jwny Fdlo'v-feeli/igy Coartejfe , Ha- mraitp, J/'fl/ce and Ch&rtt'j. are clapt under Hatches, juft as we were wheu we were brought Captive out of Guhmea, into the Land of Bondage'. And then this irritated Wrath, or poyfoiious Spirit, does powerfully penetrate all Ek/ffents and Bodies, and where-ever it finds matter capable or difpofed : £0 receive its malignant •Rayes, they incorporate: For the Jfl, wife Crentoy has endued every thing ill ail the four Worlds with an attraHive and influential Virtue; and therefore the Sons of men by theiy Vneksmnefs, Eioknce- and Opprejfons do firft awaken and ftir up the wrath¬ ful Spirit in themfelves, , which kindles the Wrath .in thQ fCaskfiiai Bodies,Rnd attrafls their ill Influences; and if whole Nations or Countries live in the irritated Wrathy ,theii there are fhowered down Epidemical Difeafes, as Pefiikrde,War,Fmi>fe^dind the like, all „ VM5 A all according to tl^e ,nature of tlie. Evils committed, or Fropeitks ofNa-' ture that were a warned, ' ' The iame is to be underftoodiwhen, any particular Perfoif or" Hamily has.' avvalmediheii^;y2»«(?/;^ it doth..' poM'erfuIIy 'attraft the niale, ''l-ndaT ences, whence Sii^nels,'wa& of Eftate, and''many ' other great Troubles &:_Miferies,both,tO the ^pdy and Mind follow j the truth of this daily Experience doth'teififie how' many of our great Mailers hive by their VUioufmfs', Vnckmnefsy^ tntem- fermcty Viokmt and to Man a'nd Bead, wito'ni they have' had the Government over,- fallbn into great Diforders, DTempers, LoiTes, Croites, Troubles and.Vexatioai,To' that their Children tliat were kept fo ’ fine and. choice, that they ^vOiild, hardly fufter the Air to blow'oh thtSm!,' or their Legs to carry fhem.wliilft; they lived in Prbipetit}', are' maiiy of them come to nothing ? feme forced,. to. work hard fof their Breads others ’ r nA) ■ I have taken worfe Courfes, and have Been immaturely cut olF. ’Tis true, the Evils both private and publick are fometimes more tol- lerable, allb tiie good Life and Pray¬ ers of fome fober People that live in a Town or Country, do interpore,and in fome degree withftahd or nriittigate the ppyfonouskindled Wrath; fo that the Judgment is fometimes deferred, and withdfoiden, as'for twoor three Ages, according to the degrees of the aw aimed Evils, and the intermingled Virtues.' ■ ■ ' Therefore fince we have obtained the favour to plead our own Caufo, we will be bold to 'tell our Mafters, that thefo things cannot be otherwife, it being the eternal Law^ of God in Nature,' that whatever EvU, Violence wOf^rejJion is Committed, either by Superior or Inferior, if not repented of, there muft be a» time 'of Retalia¬ tion either in this World, or that to come, according to the Nature of the Evil; for as there is fiich an Affinity between man and man, that they can move each other either to Love or Hate, fo there-is, a proportionate Si-. milit'ude between him and the C^k- jlinl Bodies-ind Elements, Mafi being r not only tile Image and Liltenels of: God and'Nature, but the Horizon o^. both Worlds, in whom the-. ffiperiof.T and: inferior Natures are'conjoynedy. and' have their Intercourfe j for lie-, is the Offi fpriiig of the. Stars, as well as the Sun of tiie Earth. ' Therefore let us praife and-.magnific, the Lordj Creator, ©f this, wonderful Nature, which is. furpaffingjauioane, lihderftandiag anffi Number'; for there is ho Religion.; or form of Wor- Ihip in the W-orld fb noble and welh, plealing to hiny,' ,as for mankind to. imitate hitn by living„in, arid under, the power of the eternal Principle of his Li^ht and,Love, which will lead: ail that hearken to the Voice hm into ail Innocericy and Well-, ■doing, and thereby as tiatufally -at^ . . 1 $ 4 . ■” (’2 3 ^) tra£t or draw^ down the fweet and pleafant Virtues out pf all things, as the Loadfione doth Iron. ‘ But on the contrary, our Maders have built their.and fortified theriifelyps with the vPoyfpns of S.i- turn^ and Fiercenefs of Mars , and made Gliiitdny their Tradr^ . and Fto~ knee their at thus violate our Crtator*s\jdSN in Nature, ,milerably afflicted with rnar^y cruel Difeafes, as the (Sifjjw, Collick^ mndy fers, Palftes, Cramp, Leprofiis, Kjngs- E/vils^ iGout^ dry. ^tlly-Athd^ Dropjies^ Confimptipns, and an hundred,other il^vils of.this Nature, which they aUb iiitail on their Ppfterityfo allb are they plauged with Vexations and Difeords between Man and Wife, and with difobedient and rebellions Children; Children; Rot and Murray amongft their' Cattelvi their Crops blafted or fpoiled by ’ unfeafonabie Weather, Lodes ‘ and Difappbintments in their Trading, e\^en to, the confumpticn' of their Eftates ; ' A11 which are the Judgmnt's fi/Godf ' and jiift Rewards that follow , R'/oktice and Crudt^j and of {pending the 'Blood; and Sweat of their poor vV/;zt7e^ in {u- perfluous Wahtbnnefs; for they mah® nothW.to tquanderaway Talents in Conrtfy Vanities, and value nor Money, in the way of Gluttony, then it {halLgo by wholesaler But ifa' poor Slave breaks but ^ Gkfs, or mif-' carries, in any little inconfidmble thing, then prefentl'y the lipid Royjhi ofSutamis railed, and the flaming- Thunder-holts of Mars are let fly' in the: greateft Tory and Eiercenefs imagi¬ nable, and the bell: word, that comes -out of their Mouth, is, Dog, Devil, dkmn’dDog, Bitch, and the like jiel-, lifh Exprcifions, not to-mention tlisir fiorr-id Ottihss, Cnrfes and Zxur.xtibns, 'M'hich which lewd Words are followed by inhumane. Blows ; for they fall upon us with IVhlp and Spar fill the Blood come, and/we arealruoft. killed with their Cruelty. ' ' And though theyboafl-, and Tpeak- excellent things of the Chrijlmr_ Religion, and contemn u's for being ignorant of it; yet ’ris plain they he-' ver defign that we fliould know and embrace it; for why el'fe do they' make it loathfom in our Eyes, by afting lb contrary to its Genuine Nature and Principles Why do they drefs up that which is the greatejk: Beauty, and the mod thing ih the World, in the lhape.of a fright-' ful deformed Hag, or terrible that feems good for nothing but to Bite and Scratch, znd'Prog for itt. Paunchy and wallow in Unclean nels like a Swine ?. Were they in eafneft, dr defirdus to make lis Chrifiansyiad lave our immortal Souls, they would remove out of our way iddStami/ling- Blpfks of Scandal; & draw ns with the ' ' Cords ri:9; ^orcls of Love and Meeknefs ; they would fet us Examples by their blame- lefs Lives; and holy Converiations, they would be at pains and charge to teach us the Foundation Principles of Chriftian 'Religion^ and to read tin Lihk, and would in thofe, and, other Exercilesof Virttie and F/e/7 bring up pur little Ones : But lo far are they from any of this, that they a£l: the dire£t contrary, and • defire and en-. deavour to keep us Heathens, that wc may continue their'and there¬ by are Guilty not only of opprefljng our Bodies, ’ btit' (as‘ mudi as in theni lies ) of inning our Souls. I But oiir God is more merciful, antji expefts a Return but propottionablh to the Talent he hath intrufiedhis Ways are the' Paths of Love, and all his Out-goings are Com pafifion; he hath' hot-deft'tis without a guide, even a light fhining in a dark place, to the condufl: whereof, if we.: give heed, we fliall do well. Nor (h®) . Nor do we in this Complaint iit tend to tax all our Chrifiim Mafters, for wc miift acknowledge that there are fome' few of them more Jiift and Merciful unto usfor though undei them we labour hard, yet we have our Food in fome order, both, as to Quantity and C^iality, and^have to lerable Reft, - which gives us hife an: Vigour in our occafioUs; neither d: they lay upon us Biirtliens greatei than we can bear; belides, tl-tey of ten fpeak kindly to us, which chear a'nd comforts our Hearts and Spirits they call us no evil Names,- whidii well likingunto us; They allow u the ufual time each day to reft in, an: eat: our Food; They treat dur^fl men more kindly,- and allow the;n better Accomodatioiis j' when. thei ■ Bring forth their young Opes: ;■ An: thobgh fometimes Ibme of this betts fort, will command our young Wo . men to be their then ii fuch cafes, .if they prove with-ChiW they will have feme regard..,to thei r I4I) iwn Seed, and refpeQ: to tlie Women: Ind it is alfo obfervable, that all fucli IS deal any thing,‘gently, and with Moderation and Companion towards us, are generally bleffed with th« Dew of Heaven., and with confi-r derable Profits, and their Men and Women Servants, and Cattel, dp iland to Health, and thrive; for by well-doing,, though i,t be but as it were by halfs, they attrad Ibme of the fweet Influences, ,bpth of the fu- [ perior and inferior Worlds, and got not without a Reward [ which might teach all pur Matters tp imitate tint courfe, andufe Pity, Gopd-willand Equity-, in their dealings with’ us, whereby ,they WPuld . not only pre^ ierve a good Confcience void of Of¬ fence, which js the,.^reatett stnd mpft, durable Siefies op tms Tide tiie Grave^, but alfo might increafe their outward Wealth, by Sving tliem in tlieir pur¬ ges one, two,; three or four Hundred pounds fer t’ear, iii the buying of (i40 , , . conclude^ that if Ofie Thoufand Men and. Om T^cwyirW Women, (mcft of ihem young, and capable of Gene* ration) lived in a leperated place or Ifle, \\'here they m ant for ho Conve- niencks,. for a matter of fen or twen¬ ty Years, who, (I fay) could but in realbn expeft thcfe fw o Thoufand to be mulfiplyed at leaft to four Thou¬ fand, or more, and that they would encreafe fo faft as to grow rather Su¬ perfluous and Super-numerary, than that, there fliould be any cccafion to purchafe more at .dear .Rates, from remote Regions: For thus it ufually happens in other parts of the World, z^lKglahd, (which is the Country of many of our Matters) dees not it fpare . every Year great Num¬ bers pf Men, which of late Years have fettled feyeral Colonies, and peo¬ pled divers Countries and Iflahds in Jmeried , which are like to beceme very ,:humeicus, and yet ftill their own Country rather overrttcekt, tfian w anting ol men to carry on their Affairs; Affairs ; befides, there come thence great Numbers of Young men, as FactorSj and others diat daily are tranfported by Troops, "many ■ of whom never return iagain: And how many Thoufands of Wo¬ men might: fpare’ryearly ? of whom niahy that are fit and ca¬ pable of Generation, are never mar¬ ried; and others, through want of good Husbands in time, or to pleale their Parents humours, or for bafe Lucre, marry Old, and have no Iffue, and yet ftill England wants no People, but fas we have-heard) is able to ipare two or three Hundred Thou- iand on a good occafion; And why might not we in./^»se«w encreafeand multiply proportionably,’ were it not for thoffe violent Oppreflions,l.and harfli Ulages, which our Mifters affliftus with, wdiereby we arede- ftroyed before our time ? And is ijt not a ftrange, &an unheard of thing, that a fourth or fifth part every Year fhoulddye ,and be made away with, more more tlian there are born r Or can there be a more undeniable Evidence of the Cruelty excrcifed upon us, oe- cafioning this extraordinary Mortu- litjy and the mmature Deaths of fuch great Numbers of us yearly ? And though nothing can be more againft our Mafters Interefts, fince their chief Wealth confifts in their Servants, yet the devtlijh Wrath has fuch power over them, that they will not forbear their QpprelTions, though to their o^m Detrimfft, as well as our Dejlrudlion. Tlierefore defpairing of Relief (xom them, To thee^ 0 thou mof tneraful Creator! wt f.ddrefs our Complawtsit is thote alone wha tmji put aPeriod to ourMiferies! Let ourCries come nnto thee^. for roe are the Mtorks of thins. Hands-, though now become Slaves to unreafon- able men: Molify oar Mafters obdurate hear tSy and endue them with true Vnderftanding and Chriftianity indced.,as well as Name., and then fall we and our Pofte- ity have safe from theft mtollcrable Bitrthens.,& with enlaroed Hearjrff and loud Sonys of joy in our Moutbes., cele¬ brate thy Predfe-, who art both our Creator and Redeemer. Amen! Amen ! L A A DISCOURSE In way of 'Dklopie^ Between an Ethiopean or J\Q^ro^Slav( And a CHRISTIAN, That was his in America, Tijr n hither, Smk\ Majfer. fl ly to day as a Doi Out-law*d , or a JuJiice of Fence fei in the Stocks; I doubt you have beer doing fome JKo^ur/i I ca.iri you t( inafc own Country, with all your odd Po- fturcs and Tricks, for DiVerfion; I have heard you are the beft at it of all my People. Slave. Mafier! If you will have me Dance upon mine Head, or Caper 'on the top oh the Houfe, I mu ft dp it, though I break my Neck ,; for you are become Lord both of my ftet, and every part of me, but I fear I Ihall not be able at prefent to anfv'cr your Expectation handfomly, I am io much out of humour, and unfit for Feats of Jcflvitji. Mafier. Why ? W.Jiat's the matter Sirrah! Til warrant, you have been frollicking fo long amongft your Companions, that now you’l pre^ tend your are JVeary. » Slave. Truly, Sir! this being the onh Day in the Week you fpare us from hard labour, and allow us for Recreation, wc.do a Sundayes, amongft our felves, endeavour to forget cu K 2 - . Slave.! ; , (hS) slavery, and, skip about, as if our Heels were our own , fo long fome' times, till our Limbs are almoft as weary with that, as vrith working ; But that is not my prefent cafe, for I have been walking all alone feveral hours upon the Slioar, viewing that prodigious heap of Waters, that with roaring Waves continualiy beat upon this little Iflaiid, and fometimcs calf- in gup ra)^ Eves to that glorious Eye of Hiuvtn , which Lhey lay) atone view beholds half the World , I could not latisfie my idf which was the greateif Wonder; lb that the Contemplation of them hfh together, has fdl’d ray Brains witli abundance of ftrange Conceits, and made me very Dull and Melancholly. ■V M:tfer. And what, I pray, might be the Refult of our wife Worfofs Ipe- culations ? Slave. I had a thoiikand different Notions offered themfelves to my Mind, and amongfl: the rdf, I was tliinking, what if the Sm fhoiild forget (i49) foy^et to Rife to morroM^ Morningj whether your Man, (our Over-feer) would make him get up, as he does us, by blowing his Horn} Or ehe how w'C Hiouid do to \\'ork in the Dark ? Or if tire Hx fliould fwell a little higher, and vrafli the' tops of your H.g:ir~Cmes^ I might not then law¬ fully fwim Dome to my own Coun¬ try, without being beaten to a Jelly for a Rm-xw.ty ? M^ifier. Out you RoguH. Are thefe your Contemplations ? nothing but ffudying Mifchief to your Mafter ? lour Bones (hall prefcntly pay for the bufie Idlcnefs of your Brains, and the SiVicineJs &f your Tongue., Slave. 0 boon Mufer h I befecch you be not angry, I nleailt no harm in the World: This is a Day on which you do iiot ff%/f,',^.the'refore.i hope you will not which I con¬ ceive is ten times' worfe; for I had f 150; VQuchfafe to'anfwer me a few harm= Icfs Qyeftions, I doubt not but I iliall divert you as much to your fads- faftion, as if I had danc’d two Hours. Mafi. Though you are an Ifnp/i- de»t, yet fince you feem to be an ifi- gmous R.xfb.l, I am content (for once) to liear your Prate: Y/hat is your wife Qucftion ? Si. I defire nrib you would lay that frightful Cudgel a little further off, and then begging Pardon for the Pre- fumption, fince this is the Day you obferve to ferve God in, I would crave leave to be a little inftruTed touching that Service, and wherein it confifrs. Majl. V/hy ? It coriliifs in being Chnfiims^ as \ve are-—But what fhould I talk to fuch a dark ignorant Heathen , fcarce. capable of common Senfe, mucli lefs able to underftand things of fuch an high and myftcrioiis Nature. SI. I confefs we are poor filly dark ignorant Creatures, and for ought (i^i; nd, fo are many of the 9s too, as well as we j but that i may not grudge . n'- Ti ■ T *Sothe iVe- T Time or. Pams, I ■ ? , ^ IT in tneir I allure you, that I Language call [ attend very fen- the Whhes. y to what you fay, polTibly may prove fomewhat e docible than fome of our Com¬ plexion ; For I was the Son of a Fhi~ . tifieer, that is, a kind of in our j Country and Way ; he was alfo a Sophj, and had ftudied the Nature of things, and was well skill’d in P^pjick and natural Magick, I have heard him : often difcourfe of a great and mighty Beeif?g, ^greater far, and brighter toQ than either Moon or Sun^ which : framed both Land and Sea, and all ' the glittering Glories of the Skk •, and !he was wont to fay-, Men mere the Children of the great King, who if they were good, would take them up f but I think it was after they were-dead here) into fpangled Regions, where^ they flould do m Work, nor endure-any. \ K 4 Bdii U52) Pam, nor Fight om rvith another, hni remain in Joy and Peace, and Hayyinefs ; ’Tis fo long ago, that I was taken from him and fold hitherj that I have forgot much of his Talk, and yet I re¬ member fome ofliis-^/tvl, whereby I liave Cured feveral of ray Country¬ men fincel came hither, ofDifeafes,. that your Doftors could' not help,^ either fo furely or fo fuddainly. ■Mafr. I have heard fomething of yoiir fuecefs that way, and fmce thou art the Son of an Heathen-Philofoyher, and 'pretcndeft.to more Wit than the reft of thy Feilotv-Brutes, what is it thou wouldft be at ? SI. Sir ! I, defire to be informed, what dphrislian is,, or ought to be. MaH', Though I think it will be to as little purpofe, as to go abootto svajJj thy white, to inform fuch dark liuptd Heathens as you are; ne- verthelefs I fliall endeavous to grati- fie your Curiofity.' He that ^i thriHian, ought to believe that .God'niadethe World, and all things therein. ‘ Sh ( M?) Si. 0 then, Mailer! Izm a Chri~ slim, for i believe that as well as you. M^si. Hold your Tongue, there go many other things to make a Chrisiian befides that; for he muft alfo know and believe, that Man be¬ ing thus made, did bytranfgrelTing the Law of his Maker, fall from that good and perfe£t State, wherein he was made, intb a finful eftate, and thereby was liable to the Wrath of God, and fo to be forever,, or fuffer everlalfing Punifhment. But God out of the unfpeakablc Riehes of his Grace and Coidmfs to his Crea¬ tures, thus become miferable, deter¬ mined in his own fecret Counfel, and in fulnsfs of tim« did ^ a(9tHally lend down his moft beloved and eternaf' Son, fef/j Chrisl, to take upon him mans Nature, w'ho.after a moft .tin- fpotted exemplary Life, and labori¬ ous Preaching the good Tidings oiRet. miffwn of Sins to all that fliould be¬ lieve in him, and enduring many' Perf^ciitions Perfecutions and Affronts, here on Earth, was at laft fut to Death with-, out the Gates of Jerafakm, by the crnel Hands of the Jem, and. bdng buried, rofe again to Life the third dayj and afcen/ied into Heaven;, by .which Death of his, he fatisfied the. Wrath of God for the Sjns of the .wdiols World,, as the Scriptiirb witneffeth. Si. If Jefus Chrifl: .dyed for the Sins of the whole World,' or fatisfied God’s wrath for the Sins of Jll Man¬ kind, then we that you call Heathens may juftly challenge equal priviledge with your fclves. . - / Maff. 0no,..you do not believe in his Name, iior obferve his Com¬ mands and Precepts.. , SI. As how I pray? Maft. .You are not Baptized in the, Name of the Holy Trinity , nor do believe t\\Q. Merits ofChriffs fatisfa- cHon, or that he hath taken aw'ay your Sins. . SI. This is a brave Religion, that; by the Death and Suffering of one, all men tiien that in after Generations believe this, iliall have their Sins pardon’dj and be bleft with eternal Happihels. Mdi. Still, S'4ml)o ! you are tod ^utek, ther6 is more required then a bare Faith, or verbal Belief that fuch a thing was done, Chrilih, our Pro- fhet to, teach us, and our to rule us, as well as our Saviour to redeeni its; They muft yield Obediende, and do di ChrisiU'fi s Duty, that lhall have an Iritereft or Benefit by liis Death.' Si. i pay then tell ftie the duty of 0 I ' Maf. The Gofpel of Chrifi, , or the Dbdirine wliich he taught," and wc profefs, inftrufts and requires us •: I /?, To fear the Lord 'that created all things.' o.dlj ; Toje MetcifM; and do unto all men, as \Ye would be done unto. To be and Temperate ia Meats, prinks and Ek- erciles',. 'mortifying -the Lujts 'of iU F/ep, ^nd avoiding alf kind of Super¬ fluity, that fo we may not wafte of abufe' die good Creatures of God ; To ayoid evil Xlommimicatton, becaufe it corrupts good Manners, and vain Words, but efpecially wick- ed Ones. 5 thly ; T 0 obferve the Rules ef Purity^ and abfiain from all afpear. ance of Evily both in Words.and Works, tthly -j To free our felves from £»'S’y, strife, Malice, Back-hitinp^ m^Slander; not to accufemen behind their Backs of what they will not ipeak to theiir Faces, or cannot prove. ytldy Not to judge of things we un¬ derhand not,ltB: wc be judgcd;norcon¬ demn thole things of which we have no certain Knowledge or Experience. %thly ; To be fenfible that the Lord by his ad-feeing-Eye and divine Prin¬ ciple, beholds all our Wayes, and that to him there is nothing hidden. $thly ; To bclieye and know for a certain truth, that die Lord will Re¬ taliate and Reward every one accord¬ ing to his Works. 10 . To live ac¬ cording to the Gdfpel and divine Principle, by denying aS Vngodlinefs and mrldly Lujls, and Vmleannefs, as Whoredom, Whoredom^ Adultery^ filthy Speaking; yea, even all unchafie Defires, for fo our Lord teachcth us, That he that looketh on a W'oman^ and bfieth after kr, commits Adultery. ^ ii. To regu¬ late our PafFions and Aifedlions, and. to abandon all Wrath, Anger., Malice, Envy, vain or immoderate hopes, as alfo difpair, and all perturbations of Mind; tofliun and avoid Covetoiffi nefs, (that Root of Evil) Pride, Ambition , and all Vncharitablenefs ; And on the contrary, to walk Humbly., znd Meekly towards God, and towards man, and to praftile Patience, mutual, Forbearance, Moderation, Kjndnefs, and Commifieration in all our wayes. 12, That we be not too confident, nor conceited of our lelves, or our I own knowledge, but to have regard. I to the Lord in all our Thoughts, Imaginations and Conclufions, and in every thing to have an Eye to his Pro¬ vidence. i^. To return God the Praife and Glory of all the good things W8 enjoy, 2.S Health, Strength, Food^ Food, Rdyment-, Kjiowkdge, VrJy. jfandmg, and the like, acknowledg- ing them all to be the. free Gifts of his Bounty; and when we are in any ■want, trouble, diftrefs or danger to relie upon the farne God for help, fuc- eour and relief, and' with earnefl, hearty and faithful Prujers, to im¬ plore the fame of him only. 14.T0 be merciful to all the inferior Creatures, and to ufe them gently, and with Moderation, ayoiding all kind of Oj)- fr^ons, Violence, hard Hedrtednejs or Cruelty, either to Men or Bealls. Thefe, Samho, are feme of the Principles or Rules of the Chri- jiun Religion, the Doftrinc which it teacheth, and the Practices it re¬ quires. Negro. Majler Chrifiian! I give you a thoufand hearty Thanks for this account of your Religion St Rhilofophj, which no, doubt is the befl and no- bleft of all others.- Therefore if thefe be your Chriftian Principles, I am al¬ ready aDifciple-, but I befeech you (? 59 ) , be in good earned: , and tell me tlio truth. Maft. I do affure thee, they are the Principles of our Lord, Chrid:, the Son of the living God, that he preach¬ ed to the World when he was on the Earth, and which his Apollles recom¬ mended, and left them on Record in the Bflfie-, and which he ftill conti¬ nues to Preach by his Spirit in the Hearts of all that are his. Negr. Since thele things are fo, I. cannot but atence he fur^rized, and as it'were 'mazed, ivith two diffe¬ rent Objefts of Wonder. • Mafi. \Vhat are they, prethee? Negr. Firit, I admire the Ex¬ ec llemjr of your Docirme, and the' wonderful Myflery contained there-' in; it undoubtedly furpaffeth all other Religions in the , World, as much as the Sun’s Light doth that of aGlow-Worm: It feems to me to‘be an oyen Gate into Paradifcy and a Leaf of the Tree ef Life; fo agreeable to the Nature and Glory of \d\e great God-, (i6o) fb fulrablc to the condition of Ma/0 ; no wife Perfon can make any feruple of the things you have deli- vered, they command alTent; for tliey proced from a true Root. But then I cannot but alfo much wonder and admire that you Chrt- Jlims live and walk fo wide from, and contrary unto all thofe undeni¬ able Truths, and holy Rules, fo that what you preach with your To^^m, you pull down with your Hands^ and your daily Converfation gives the Lye to your Proftifion. MasL You now grow Satvey thus to upbraid us; we have indeed o/ir, but I hope we do not walk fb Retrograde as you talk of: What Inftances can you produce to main- tain fb general a Charge ? Negr. f‘ intended not to upbraid you, but to fatisfie my felf, for per¬ haps you may have feme Reafon that I do not know of, why, you a^ con¬ trary to what you teach; nor do I fay tliat all, and every Chrijlian does fo, there there may be Hundreds and Thoii^’ faridsthat i am not acquainted with,. and there are fome that I know, of whom 1 cannot fay, but that in a very great .meafure they live accor¬ ding to that righteous Doftrine ; but for the generality or major part, I muft lay, That in all, and every of the afore^id Joints by you mention-*’ ed, the whole Tenour of tiieir Ways, and the continual Prafitice of tlieir Lives, is diredly contrary to the fame: And finCe you command me to inftance Particulars, I lhall endea¬ vour it in fome of the chief. I. You ^y, that Chriflian Reli¬ gion teaChetli /£) Fear tk Lord, that created .Heaven and Earth: The truth of this we make no doubt of; but how can we believe,that ^uery many who go under the Name pf ChrijUans do obey this Voice of Wifdom, fince lightly and vainly ufe the Nme of. God in their Trping, and jvickedTalk, and boldly Swear by it ^and that for the moft part' faijiy too)' M (i62) in their ordinary Converfation, con- trary to his exprefs Commands; nay, hot a few, will commonly challenge the great God to Damn or Confound them, with divers other Blafphemies ; And do you call this Fearing the Lordi 2. To he Merciful^ and do as joit muld he done hy, you in the next place afTign, as a grand and important point of Chrijimity ; but where fhall we find it ? We cannot perceive any thing of Mercy to dwell in your Hearts; for you commit Opfrejjion with Violence; and that which you call Trade or Traffick (as ’tis manag’d amongft you) is little better than an Art of Circumventing one another; and you praQiile, all forts o? Crueltyy not only on the inferior Creatures, but alfo on thole of your om Fjnd, elfe what makes us your Slaves, and to be thus Lorded and Tyrannized over by you? In a word, not only We, but tile whole Creation, groans under your heavy Burthens; 8r,y,c; you tell us of your Mtrcy and good^ Nature, and boaft ofyour Chriffian Qkrlty-. ?. You acknowledge, this divine Religion requires of you to be iokr in Meats and Drinks, &c. and not to indulge Nature with things Super- perfluous: But does it not appear by yoiir Converfation, that you never regard its Counfel, fince your Wayes are direftly opppfite? Do not wc fee it a common Praftice araongft the Cimpms, to drink to Drunkennep and eat to Superfluity and Gluttony^ & even of thole that feem moft refer- ved, lcarceany,that have wherewith- • al, but will induige themfehes great variety of rich compounded Foods, and Cordial-Drink’s, that contain too great Nourilhment, teyond not only, the Neceflitkt, but evcii the flower of Nature, and the digeflive fatuity of the Stomach, which, produces ihany, evil Effeftsj for befides the 'v/afte of the good Creatures, and a moljt Vn-. iratefui abule of the Creator’s Mef deSj it heats the ^Uod, makes it thick, h0t tndlharp, and caufethall the MeUi^ M 2 bers (. 164 ) bcrs to glow with an unnatural Heat^ makes both' the Body and Mind im* eafie, and di'fables each of them from performing its Orfices as it ought, and alfo lets open the Gates of Venus to many lewd Praftices: And thus in defianee to the Laws of your Reli¬ gion, and to his own Perfonal hurt, one great over-grown C^riftian fhall rpend as much in one Daj, to gratifie his Lufts or Vanity, as an Hundred or Two of his poor Slaves can get by their fore Labour and Sweat. And as for Exercifes, there is rarely here in this Ifland any of the Chriftians that wilt labour, except pure NecefTity con- ftrairi them to it, but you Uy heavy 'Burthens on us, and as your moft illu¬ minated Prophet, faith, will not tond) them your felves with one Finger. So that you make it a Genteel Quality, and honourable, to break and violate that great Command of the Crcator'in the beginning, which I have heard is recorded by a moft famous Prophet aiftd whom you alfo re* ceive, viz. That Mm (houU get his Bread hy the Siveat of hit Brosvs ; which fet amongft the more Nohis Chri^ ffinns, as you eall your felves, is :ounteda/'a _ (i6S) ydu walk in the greatefl: oppofitiofl imaginable to his command. 5. You fay, Tou an recitiind to ok ferve Burity^ and the natural Rules of Gleanncls, and to avMd ajl appearance of Evil : Which indeed is no inconfi- derable point in Nature and Religion, but as Far as we have been able to ob- ferve, you praftiie the quite contrary; for not only yoiir Words are very un¬ clean for the generality, but alfb in your Foods and Drink you make no diftinftion, but rich provoking Food in excefs, and all ftrong intoxicating Drinks, you defire with greednels, which over-heats the whole Body,' and irritates the fierce wrathful bea- ftial Nature, wh&nctzW wanton, vain. and Thoughts and Imagina¬ tions are generated;' Alf), you make a:s little diflin&ion between clean and unclean Ihafls zswc, nay, notfo much as feme of our. Country-men '; and' you eat Bloody though I have been told there is not any one thing more frequently, exprefly and plainly for- ' ■ ■ -' ■ ' . ' bidden (i6^) feidden in all your Bibk than that; befides, you make no diftinQiion of the Times and Seafons of the Year, when Beafts are lubjefts to Surfeits, and other Unclean neffes; neither are your Preparations and cooking of your Food fo clean, proper and natu¬ ral, -as they ought to be; and inftead of abftaining from all appearances of Evil, we fee you court and improve them m all occafioris; For do not you appoint fetMtetings'^ and make great Fealls r to which you invite 1 he Rich, that will invite you again, where you drink to Drunkennefs, l cat to Gluttony, roaring all the while Bulls, and mixing your Food with horrid Oaths, and vain DiE courl'es, the fear of the great Creator being banilht from your Hearts, nor any pity flieWn to us your poor Vaf- fals, that endure the Heat of the day, and are ready to fall and faint under, thole heavy Burthens laid upon us, and wfeuld rejoyce to part'ake of the, Qmnhs that -fall from your Tables, w'hicli . («7o2 which you will not afford,8r yet fpeiij eur Smatf and the Labours of our Hands, in all kinds of Wantonneli and Superfluity, by which many-of you contraQ; fiich grievous Difeafes, both to Body and Mind, that they become themfelves more mifcrable then us their poor Slaves. 6 , You fay that the next great point o^ Chri^ian Doctrine, is to free your felves from Envy^ Strife, Malice, Bsck-bitmgzR'i. Slander ; wdiicli is al b contradifted by your general practice; for what is more frequent amonglt you than Envy and Revenge ? And though in your Prayers you formally ufe thofe Words, Lord f&rgive m our TrefpajfesM rve forgive them that trefj/afs fgainfim, yet at the fame time Envy lies lurking in your Hearts, and' the very next moment fliall ereff it felf; fox do not many of you keep your Neighbours and Brethren in loa thforn Prifons for Tome very little offence, or in truth for none at all, but only to Blew your Power, and gratifie your riyij your deyiliOi Fury: And as forthe : Gentleman eallsd he rides the Fore-horfe, and isQuarter-mafter- General amongft you; whar Fight¬ ing, Swearing, Damning, Railing, &c, is tliere in every Hotife between Fathers and Children, Brothers and bifters, Relations and Neighbours, ready to deltroy and murder one ano¬ ther,and all about- 77 ;/>^r,not word] a wife mans Thoughts ? WUt fwarms of Lawyers, Clerks, Pettifoggers and Jdle-men, does your Strife, and un- juft Contention maintain ? And how luany are yearly with their Families utterly ruined thertb / ? Til mt Ab./* him worth 4 Gro#,. cries one: TUmxk Dice of his Bones, fvears the other: Let him rot. in God,, fays a third. T liis. is your Cliriftian Charity, and Re- niilfton of Injuries. And for Buckbiting.t^nd SLindering, even Eating and Drinking, is fcarce _ more univ.errally prafiiled ambngft you; almoft every man fpeaks. or flighting of thofe that a:e notpre- fent (t?^) fent, though to their Faces he Gorn- plements and Flatters them. Calum- py is the Sawce at your great Feafts, and Reproaches & Icandalous Stories the Entercainments of your Clubs and Fijlts, fo that fcarce any honeft: man is free from the Lalhes of your in- venom^ Tongqes, or from having large Furrows plowed upon his Back, his good Name wounded, and his Reputatioo unjuftly blafted or called in queftion, by your falfe Sto¬ ries and malicious Suggeftions,where¬ by many are daily ruined, there being nothing more bafc and unmanly than thefc rvhif^erlng D/vmom ; nor i^ there any Praftice that more oppofe^ ChrifiUnitj, and the pure finiple Law of God in Nature, and therefore is a Sin to be condemned forever, and banifhtthe Society of all good men. 7. Not to judge and f^eak of things tfey underfandnot, is a very excellent Precept, yet nothing is more common among many ChriJHans t\\m to judge, penfiire, and condemn Things and Perfons Perfons, though they underftanc! them no more then a blind man can diftinguilli Colours, or the Deaf judge of iMufick; but right or wrong without any true fight or compre- henfion, they will pals their VerdiO:, and flioot their Bolts, for they count their Tongues their own, and think they may fay what they lift, and fo call Evil good, and QooA evil, and abufe their own Confciences,and their Neighbours, fo greatly are many of the Chripans depraved. 8 . The eighth Point you menti¬ oned, was. That the Ldrd beholds alt mens Wayes and Doings^ afid that unto hini^ and his Divine B)e there is not anything hid: Which without all doubt, is a moft certain truth, which neither Chrifiidn nor Heathen dare to deny ; for as your own Prophet faith,. Jt is he that fearcheth the Heart, and tryth the'Reigns, But how can we perfwade our felves, that you do in truth and in earneft believe this, ftnce \ye daily find that you ftand more-in ' ' - awe (' 174 ) au'e of Mens feeing. Or kmmng your Wxkednefs, than of God's beholding^ and revenging of it; and therefore you love to feeni, and be counted Ho^ nefiy and ^ and Mersifiil , but fcarce a Soul of you ferioufly endea* vours to he fo-, ’tis the Nme and the Credit you look after, not the Thing, which fhews that you feek to pleale, and be well fpoken of by Men, but regard not the righteous Judgment of God, who looks through the Fig* Ltdves, and requires Truth and Pu¬ rity in the inward parts: This Hypo* crifie of yours is notorious, and every one almoft taxes his Neiglibour for it, and yet all generally prafiife it, and eachhuggs himfelf therein, as one of your own Poets complaineth; If my font Deeds o/Darknefs may Be mayt in Clouds as black as they ; If being ugly l ean Painty Jndaliihe Devil, yetfeem ^ Saint, Cheat and Qfprefsj For/mear andLye, Tet fcape the hm and Infamy, I mind no further Honefiy. 9. On 9 * On the contrary, toheikvz and know (as you fay) Th 4 f fhe Lord mi Retaliate ever/: mm according to' his Work:, is a moft true and neceilkry' Principle; but ChrlfiUns ddd. io^ < Purely they could not,, nor would I do as they do; For what kind of Remrds and Returns do or can you exped for all your Oppreflions to us your poor Vailals ? do not you, opprefs us at youf pleafure, heatyvjhif, ever-labour and half-Uarve. us, and many of you fcruple not to EjlLm for a fmall Offence, and,pofTibly for none at all, but inyour Drunkennels tofi' tiate your fierce devilifh Paffions-? Nor do our tender Children,^ and:dear. Wives elcape your Violence, Now if Retaliation be one point, of your Chriftian Doftrine, and,every mart fhall be rewarded, according to' his Works, then what a fad Reckoning will you have to, make,, when God fhall arife to, vifit.fbr tfiefc,nhings,-?' And you, would not.cerfainlyradv€aa^ ture upon thofe things,, which you mall .( i7<^) . tnuft pay fo dear for, either in this World, of that which is to come, if you were fufficiently fenfible of the Compenfatioti that mull: be made for the fame., 10. ^Tis a noble Triith, that men fhoLild walk according to the divine Priacipky and forfake all Vngodlinefs and mrldly LuHs : But the generality of Chriliians taktf contrary; meafures for the Gofpel of Truth,v'iicither in¬ wardly nor outwardly dOcIi teach any to compel others By oiitward Force to believe^ and dd as thdy do, be it right 0)5 wfong ; but advife all to do as they would Be done By | arid to let tlicir Moderation he horn unto all men^ arid to bear with one another in Love : Whereas’ you impole upoia one ano¬ ther, arid tye up other men to your own Conceptions, and without any Companion Or Charity, fall upon fucll as will not go your way, and do as you do, though you have nothing to bbieQ: againft tkeir Lives and Conver- fations. And whereas yon acknow- (^ 77 )' ledge the Do&rine of Chrifiimitf] whi^rg-evcr it is entertained in the. love thereof, will bruife the flead of .Serpentine Nature , that is, of Lull: and Uncleannefs, and all Ungod* linefs, yet we fee yoii daily wallow¬ ing inall thofe Pollutions-, ,ib that you do not only, contradiS this holy Do- Brine, which you boaft f© much of, but fbme of you do alfo feverely per- feeute others for obeying the fame and fubmittingto its guidance;. And as for hriitllh Vmlemnefs j Adulterksy Whoredoms, Sec. they are, but your Sports snd Paftimes, things that many of ybii glory in ; and to be Chafte and Modeft, is, to be an' object of your Scorn and Derifion. 7 1. How well you regulate yoiif - Paffions (which is another tiling you fey Chriftiari Dodrine teaches you)' all the World fees^ and wc ofteh feehy the Sea when ^itated with centraryj Winds, it throws up Dirt and Sand from the bottom Of the Debp, and fcits its froth up towards to wardsHea-i N (lyS) ven, is riot more diforderly or dan¬ gerous to come near, than you are, when the leaft thing happens contra¬ ry to your Minds, your Souls are in a perpetual Tumult, yourLufts duel one another, Covetoufnels lights with Luxury, Wantonnels joliles Ambition, and Revenge is oppofed by Cowardize; Se'f^ce gets above Rea- fo», the Maff is ridden by the Beapj and when in this hurry, Confekmt gets leave to be heard, thenprelently there is nothing but Paries and Dif f iir Is not all tliis as contrar;!^ to that Cdmmfs and Stillness, that and Serenity of (which true Chriftia- riity, both ref fires and^/Vw,andi is de¬ lighted in) as Light is to EJaritriefs ? 12. ’Tis as great point, arid as true that men fliould not be tolrefolute, eonfiderit or conceited of their own’ yv ifdom of Knowledge, but ought to; have regard to the Lord in all their ThoughtsImaginations and Cori- clufions, arid to’eye the divirie'Hand of Providem in all things, it being better US, 0 Mafter! who d© violate this Rule more than the generality of Chrifiims ? Do not many of yoiir karnd Ones boaft of their Lights and Knowledge, and count all others littk better than Brutes in eompari- fon of ihemfelves ? And does not every one fancy his own Opnion to be the only Truth,and condernnthe Sen¬ timents of others, how well grounded foever they maybe? And do not many endeavour to fpread their No¬ tions hj Violence, lighting and Og- frefwni and ..by Cruelty,to force all to be of their Complexion in Under- ftandihg,? Which felf-conceited Pro¬ ceedings arc a true token and dmon- l}ration,.t\\ 2 it. they Jove to contradidt the whole courle of God and Nature ; for he; hkh made all things to differ, andby .thatdifferenee theUnivcrle is fodatned; and from thofe.ww^ Notes proceed the fweeteft. Harmo¬ ny? Is it not for want of this Spirit i)f Humility, that you wrangle, fght, N 2 contend, (iSo^_ , pinifh and ifkfr'ijoft ^acli other,for not thinking as others do, or becanfe they have not all one colounil Hay ? For alas ' inen’s Minds and I Undcrftandings are as diflerent and| various, as their Complexions or Vi- (ages; ’therefore then are you angry with your Creator, becauic he hath not made ycu all alike ? If you were not blind and ignorant, and yet very prfifhmptuous and Self - admirers, this could never be amongli People that believe a'll in oite Prophet^ and one God: I perceive therefore it is irot about true Virtue that you make ■all this ado: in the World.;; ’tis for -your own Conceits, your own Inven¬ tions, your own that you ■thus contend and difquiet ybui ; Meighbours, - 'I p Your thirteenth Point of Chri- pimt) was to return Ged the Gk] of all your Enjoyments, and relii foldy upon him in your Piftreffe and 'this you obferve no better thai the reft;' to §iv« God the glory c you (iSi) pur Health, Strength, Wealth, ir to ufe the fame fokrlj and difcr-etly, and imploy them as he hath required- tor the benefit and advantage of oisr fellow Creatures,and our own Happh nefs both here and hereafter; but you only fvii^er aiod vapo.-ir and domineer with them,as if your own right hand \\\'aA midethem y your own Wifdom j and Power had procured them, and not 2i‘igivcn^ or rather lent you by die Lord, for the good ends before men¬ tioned ; svhereas you ule and beProw them only for Pride and Ofientation^ for Vitnitj or Luxury, to accomodate your Lujls, or gratifie your F^cvenge ; this is lure very far from a true ChrF (Hm Improvement of what you enjoyc Litftiy j Whereas you fay, your Ckriftian Doftrine enjoyas you to be ■nercifal to all the Inferior Crcalnrer., itiid to ufe them mth Compiffon, anv1 avoidall kind ofOppreffion and. Violence to thofe of your own kind ; Flow flS2)> fadly informed us, that there is little or no Mercy or Companion dwells in your Hearts; for on every fmall oc> cafion you will not only beat and of. frefs us, but fome of you count it no more Sin in their drunlien fits to Murther tu, than to kill their Horfe, or their Dog ; but let them know, we.are humane rational Souls, and as much the Image of God as themfelves, and want none of the noble Faculties, therefore our innocent Blood will equal¬ ly call for Vzgeance, and as powerfully as if you had killed one of the pre¬ tended Chrifiians. The Voice of ■ Gcd in Nature is the fame; and it is hot your cuftom of Kjlling will make it the more lawful or exculable in tliat day, when Accounts and Retaliation muft be made, every Principle then apprehends and comprehends its own Children; thofe that have immers’d, ■ or precipitated themfelves throngli Violence, into the fierce Anger aiiJ wrathful Principle, fhall be thereio captivated even to Eternity : It is no: gooi /iS?) good Words, long Prayers, and fair Speeches, that will break or untye the wrathful Net, which men all their Lives have been tying; but look what Principle has carried the upper Dominion in the Heart, to that King¬ dom you belong. As for the mferm Creatures, they groan under your Cruelties, you hunt them for your Pleafure, and over¬ work them for your Covetoufnefs, and kill them for your Gluttony, and fet them to fight one with another till they dye, and count it a and, a Pleafure to behold them worry one- another •, whereas the fame fhould be matter of Grief to you, to fee th.e Gate of Wrath thus opened amongrt the Creatures,and that you your felves have been the origiml Caufe thereof by violating the Law of your Maker. Thus, Mafier Chrijiian ! have I- briefly fhewed, that in all the parti¬ culars by you mentioned, thegene-, rality of you chrifuns do aft the clean contrary; what then do you N4 l?oaft (-184) boaft ofy and wherein are yon better than we? Only chat you pretend to nnaerftand more, and do lefs, and fc deferve the greater Condemnation. ■Will you make us believe, thatthofe men have ReligioK, who have Ged ? or have they indeed a God, who prefer their Lufis, or Wealth, or Honour^ or any thing in the World before him, and his holy Commands; Can we think that you know what it is to believe that there is a God, and a Life to come, and to renouKcetk FlfjJoy ihtWorld, and thel)cw7, and give up your felves toa and a SaniliJIer, when we behold you per- fuing after Vanity' with out-flretshed, Jrms, and committing all kind of Wickednefs with greedinefs? Can you your felvesthink, whilft you are awake and fober, that Ferfdeoufnefs will avail you, and Rebellm fave you? or that the God of Wifdom, Holincfs and Juftice, will accept you' for i perjured Profeffion to be, and to do that which never came into 'youf Hearts? (iS5) Heartsr IsHypocrffie a Virtue? Or will and Dlifemhling bring a man to Heaven ? Chriilianity (by rhat very Defcription you have given of it) is fucb a b.lieving in Chriit, to bring us unto God and everlafting Glory, as rnaketh the Love ofGoi become the very Nature of the Soul, jnd thankful Obedience its Imploy- ment, and an henvenly Mindy and a;t humble, pure, hmnlefs and' hoh Life, to be its ConJliPution, and confant Trade ; and the Interefts of flelhly Lufts, and the Pomps and Vanities, the Riches and Honours of the World to be truly efteemed but as drofs and dung ; Now tell us in good earned, is thii tlie Life which you live, or which you lute ? Why will you profefs a Re¬ ligion-you dbor? Or why will you abhor and defpife a Religion which you profefs ? VVhy will you glory ia the part of a Fur rot, or an Ape, to fay over a few Words, or move your Bo¬ dies into ftich ^orms and Ceremonies, \vhiifi you detsft' the humane and divine (i86) divine part, to how, and /ove, aad live to God ? Do you profefs your CdvcsChriJlia^is only for Self-Cofidem- mtion, to be WitnelTes againft your felves in Judgment, that you wilfully, lived Unchriftian Lives ? What is there in the World that you are fo averfe to, as to he [erioufy that which you profels to be ? That is, to walk uprightly and fmcerely in all thofe fourteen Particulars by you enumera¬ ted, Whom do you hate more than thole that are that in Heart and Life, which you call your Pelves in culto- mary Words I or that are ferions in die Religion which you your felvcs lay, You hope to be laved by. Call us Heathens as long as you will, lam confident Chrisl hath not more bitter Enemies in the World, than fome of you tliat wear his Livery ; We Blacks are more gentle to you, than you Chrijtians are to one another; and I have becnalTurcd, that all t\\t Hea¬ thens in the World have fhed left Chriftian Blood, than what Hypocrite Ckrijlians Chrijums tliemfelves have greedily let out, or cccafioned to be deflroyed; Thus you honour dead: Snints^ and abhor iht Living, and would gladly, make more Martyrs^ whilft you keep. Days in Commemoration of thole that others made. Can any thing be more prepofteroLifly abfurd, morefoolilm ly wicked , than thefe interferring Contradidlions ? Were it notbetter to he what you call your felves, or to cd your felves what you are ? If you nfyrove of thefe Chriftian DoQrines, why do not you fquare your'Conver- rations accordingly ? If you think them needh.fs Notions^ wliy do net. you difbwn them ? Or why do you fu much cry up and magnitie tlicm ;* Be either thrijiims in^zeA, or ceafe to upbraid us for being Heathens ; lor llich jhafiing Hypocrifie is more abo¬ minable to God and Man, than the molt ignorant Paganifm. Malt I have given you, Samho, a large liberty of I’rating, and you have Hied it v«ery confldentlv : How come you mutter of wliich. no Perfon whom our Creator hath endued with a rational Soul, can be ignorant of, if he do not wilfully quench and ex- tinguifli in himPelf that Light which cnlightncth every man that cometh into the World, and Mdiich one of your own Prophets calls, The Candk of the Lord. Nor are wc akogcther fucli ignorant d:trk'Hesth(ns^ as you call and Tuppofe us; for many of die ChrifUiins do not cfteem, nor look on us any otherwirc,or better tlian Dogs ; for tell me, I pray boon Fh/fer ! what diflerenee has our Creator made be¬ tween you and us ? Hath he endued you with any-particular Quality or Property more then we are furnllht with !* The Members of o’jr Bodies, the (189) the Facilities of our Minds, pur Stnfd and all the Furniture of Nature, are equal, and the fame in us as in you i We are not Beajls, as you count, and life us, but rmoml Souls, and in uS is contained the true Nature and Pro¬ perties of all Elements, and created things j Nor do we contemn or flight the Light of the Gofftl, as you call it,- but we wonder at you that fo much Ulk of it,and fo little prallife the good Rules of Life contained therein^ Be- fides, fince you are pleafed to grant us the Liberty to plead our owij Caufe, we might tell you, that we have the fame Goff cl that you fo much talk of, written in pur Hearts, and doing by Nature the things that are written in the L^w, - being without the Law, are a. Law unto our felves, as one: of your illuminated Prophets ipeaks: And if we do the things that are right in the fight, of God, and walk in his innocent Law in Nature, according to our mafure and fmdingi we have ib far difcharged cur our Duty, and we. doubt not but the goodnels of our Creator will accept tliereof, and pardori our involantury and Failmgs ; and it you have a Urgtr Manifedation of the eternal Light and Love of God,which we have no reafbn to doubt, tlien the more isrequired of you, and there¬ fore the greater and more fore will ■your Condemriation be. MaiL And do you bUck Beathenij!} Negroes then dare compare your felves Aviihus h'Cd.ve white CbriJlUns^ Does hot your very Hae^ that fodty Skin of -ybu'rSj ferve for ah Emblem ,of the darknefs of your Minds? - Yah eat all unclean Foods,’ Carrion and Vermine without fcrUpIe; you have uo Order hbr decent Ceremonies at yoiir Mar¬ riages ; you gd naked, and: have not ■wherewithal td'cover your-Shame; in a Word, you are in mod particu¬ lars the very next Door to Beafis, and therefore w^e have hardly^ fo much care and efteem for you,' as we have iot mi tJorfedy or other Cattel; Are you (i9i ) you not altogether unlearned, and can neither jpue Latim, iior flutter Greeks nor underhand the Hebrew Rabbms^ and the Talmud ; your Dih courfes are not trim’d with Flowers of Rktoricky nor can you chof Logick, nor make Syllogifms, and run down both Truth and Senfe with Mood and Figure, 2 ind the Magick of a concluding Ergo : What Divines or Clergy-men,' what cunning Lawyers have you to boaft of ? Though you pretend to do CureSf yet you never read Gale;} nor Paraceljus, nor have any Apothecaries to make a Trade of the Materia Me- dica, nov Chymifis to tell you the Medi¬ cinal Vertues ,of Minerals ; you have Very few ferfons of Honour amongfi you (except your Kings; and.but a few Mijfesy ■ and rio Theaters or Flay-: houfes for the Education -of your Youth ; your Wornefi are not: fb no¬ bly arrayed, nor have thole charming Arts, to invite men to love and dote upon them, as ours daily ftudy ; nei¬ ther do -you driflk Wine in Bowls, nqr ::nos undcrrb.sid the gemeel myllery of quaffiHg of Healths v/'tlt an Huzza 1 or 10 6;>w Modifnly with a bmi Courage ! Ail thcfe things IVt; enjoy, arid make llimptuoiis Fe^tSjwhtrc v/e Ipsnd as much in a few Hours, as two or three Hundred of uich Wretches at you can earn in iome dayes .• Wc have all forts or \Var-like Weapons, and marthering Engines to uie at our pleafiire: We eat and drink of the fatteft Foodsj and ricin ed Liquors, and take our eafe, and clothe us in coftly Attire, and ffudy mip falhions for our Garments, to render us more honourable and admh fed, and many other great Privikdges we have, which you are deftitute oft , Negr, Thefc, Sir ! are bra,ve things indeed to vapour with! Is it pofhbk that rational men, much lels fuch illu* rninated CIrripms, as you account your feives, Eiould thus be takes with things that are fo much kloro die Dignity of humane Nature, to feoafi: of your anti gloty in ftiur Shims, ? As for our CompkxloHy ’ns the Livery of our Creator,; the property of the Climate and Soil,- wlierein- liis good Providpnce- difpo- fed of Us'to be borii and bred; we made not our reives B/it<:i&; fidf do you make yonr felves Whitt then have you any thirJg to brag' of above us? If for this caiife you. de- fpife us, yftu at the fame time defpife that adorable Power, whicli iis the Ma¬ ker both of us and you f And though' White he ia Eihhltjiti oHmocence, yet there 2 ixe'whited WdHsP^ltA witliiti with Filth and ROttfeijhefs y what is only outward, will ft'and yoii in no head, it is the hmrd^Cahddr thdA om Creator is well-pleafed with, and hot the outward 5 have a pare thetefore' that you be tiotpQuttd ^s hUckiviihini as we are externallj^; . You upbraid ns with eating uhttean Foods^ Carrion, Terrhihe, &c. But f pray, is it riot your Cruelty, in hot affording us i what is fufficieht to ;fup^ port Nature othefwtle,' that m'ake^ O US Cr.iffks^ and then beat us with our €rut(hcs for being Lame. As for our ppor .Coverings; or going .Naked, .-as ioi^ as M^an remained in the innocent State, lie wanted, no Garments; and you are forced to Roh feveral forts of Creatures to ooy-sr your Shime ; nor do,you bring into the World any grsjiter with you, tlia-n we do-; nor lmv.e you oceahon to carry out any more. But how depra,veQ and' diHionourabk doe^ it look, for that nobk Crtmrc^ [Man] .not only to te glad to.borrow of his inferior Crea» rures to hide his Sliame, but alfo tc grow Fm/4 pf thpfe Ornaments, v. hith are but the or the Lf khf'Sf and many times the itVrr' of Beads.and Flies, or Infoflj, i,ad the like lower Graduates ? As for Order in M^rriigir , Ft have as much as you, for thougli Iplurality of Wnts is contrary tp yoyr Cuftpm., it is not to ours ] ?nd he is so. wife man that a-dmires or con- remfls the vanousCu'fioms ofduTcrtnt P.egions, any further than tbey'con^ tradift Nature: Now t!)is Cuftoin of as it is be-friended with Hx amples amongft theantieitt rain.irch, and the Laws of many Nations fo re ¬ nowned for Civility, as to efteem ail others B/trhriiiHs, fo is feenis fbme- ■ wiiat to agree with the Law of ture, and to prevent Out-rages againil Nature, it being not fit, not n.-iiXTil lor Men to meddle with their Wives when they are Breeding, or great with-child: However, thefe things are more of Cufiom^ than any thing ellcj and we our felves efteem that mmmo^ h^ppy that contents himfelf vrith me Wife: But you, although your Cuftoms and Laws forbid Foil- and Adultery, yet whilft you comply fbmewhat in the former, do make nothing, many of you, to vio¬ late the litter^ as often as you can meet with an opportunity, tVhen you lay. You hardly efteem of us fo well as Benjl :: v. e have (^ 92 ) Rea Con to believe you, from your cruel Ufages^, a:ncf not allowing us. ■what is ncceifary for Food and Red; which yet is to be wondred at, fined if vye are nov worthy (forfboth 1) to be your Britlmn, Wc are however yotir Momy. So that-this Cru¬ elty towards us, doth favour tnore of Envj/y than of Chrifiiamtjt or fruga¬ lity. It is alfb true,' that we have no Lip-learaed Dolf( Ys^ lior are confined to the old mufty b-ules of Arifiok or nor acquainted W'ith the new I Fancies of yoiir modern fln-workirt^ Cljymlp,, or Fertuofy mr will wc compare our felves. to you in thofe things; but we have fo much under- handing, as not to content our felves to fee with other mem Eyes, and put out jjiir huu, as many of your learned [Kabbies do; nor want we amongft us ,thofe that God and Nature have en- ,dued with Gifts of knowing the .Vertues of Herbs, and that can b)'; gC; nuine Skill, adminifter|oo^f Medicimi, and perform greater Cures,, tharryoii famoui| ( 197 ) faiiious Doftor's with their- luf^ Words ind ajfe^ed Methods. Neither will the Art'of Chymijiry advaritiga us; for fince God hath hid all forts oF Mttttds in tlie deep I 3 ow'els of the Earth, and on the contrary 'adorned its Surf net with fo many Aoble and ifalutiferous Herbs and Pknts, \v^ conceive he intended the latter^ not the former , both for the Food ancf Phyfick of man; And alfo we obferve, that moft w'ho have haz-arded their Healths and Li,ves, to get them out of theie Suhterranean Caverns, have done much hurt by the ufe' of them in . the World Yet in our own Country we have in divers parts the beft Mor¬ tals near at hand, viz. Qold, which too many of the chrijtkns make their God. Our Women, his true, have no other Ornament than w hat is Na¬ tural, whichis more than abundance of yours have, for they w^ant the great Ornam'ent- of that Sex, Modefly, foii though'otirs. go nakedi, yet they are Hot fo. Milfes, \yho 0 j make , make a Tr^de of Lafciviournefi and Bilthinefs. We dfjnk not Wine in Bowk, nor without; and it would be much betj ter- and more becoming Chrijiumt^, you did mP- too; for doth it not heat our Blood, irritate the central Heat, fet the whole Body into an un¬ natural Flame,precipitate the Mind into Fury and Madnels,and,excite the Senfes to Uncleanriels and Beaftiality ? For pray, goodMafter! tell me,how many Villanies of all dbrts do fome nominal Chrifiians commit againft God, and. liis pure- Law in Nature, by rcafbn of their ExcelTes in that kind ? And what grievous Difeafa do fucli Debauches occafion both pre- lent, and' for the future ? Nay, to. the further ftame oiChriJHans, have you hoc by lewd i^araples and: dehmhed us Ethiopians ^ the Indi-- ans amongft whom you converle ? So that init'ead of learning-US Virturc, and courting us to your Faith and Religion by Sohritty and. Godlintfs, (m\ you .iet before us AtjffuBiw VrefUents, • and make us more the Children of the . Devil tha n v\'e vvprc' before; which- has forced' many of your Religion t.Q make- ftnff' Law's, that; no Cmjtiaas fh’allfuffer IhAims to drink ftrong jn- toxicatln'g Liquors, of fell the fame urito themf fo that- wc rftufl: n^ds fay in thWfefpefl, you hive been kinder te tUy tliafi to ybiirfelves ; for feeing; the great- Ihconvcnicnbes afid Hurt the drinking thereof docs do us,- you endeavour to prevent the, fame,- and'yet you continue and encreafe the cvilfra£fice thereof your felves, .ahd fo long'as the Chri^Uns tkins trade in Debauchery and Superfluity ; th^re is , no likelihood or hopes that they fhoijld- draw any confiderable Number bfii^ or the neighbouring IndUns td' em¬ brace their foligibh', though .un¬ doubted ty it is the imbfi: excellent Do- ftrine' that ever was comrnunciated to the' World; But the vicious Lives of its ProfelTors, =thcif faying, a-nd hot doingy cutsolfin thc Bud,' and'whol- ‘ 0 '4 Iv ,, , (ico-) ■ • ly iJeftroys the growtli and encrcafe ,of thofe lublim Truths, and makes the World defpile both the Chrifrim and their DoQrinej for it is not your good Words, and long Prayers, (and indeed fome are Ihort enough) that are pleafmg to our Creator, or ,edify,, ing to us j It inuft be your good Works that ihall convince any pf the Truth, and-beget Love and Amity in a)l men. But in head thereof, you fpend your t ime in Rioty Excels^ Vmitj, or wicked Rkjs^ whereof evil Daemons were the Ihventers, whiilf we figh and groan under your heavy Burthens. But pur Cries are flighted by ycu, and you)- Ladies too, who many ofth.emwill S'vagger, and'C«r/e, and R^snt, and equally opprefs, and as much abule ushs your felves, which Fiercenefs and .Cruelty looks more monjirou^ in them, though bad in both Sexes, and where-ever praftifed, mull: of a cer: tain truth be retaliated. I have jieard fome of pur Mafter Chrifiian's tafk of, and cry outagainftthe Ty- ■ ■ ’ranny ranny of the Xftrks, and the JSIavery they impofe on. what chrifitms they can get into their Cluches zt Algkr ^ Is it not ftrangc that you fh'ould Pra- (?//e the very ianie thing your felves, that you fo much Condemn m others ? Nay, you do Hn times than they, both becaufe you profels your Tel ves Chrifims, which is a Religion of Love, Sweetnefsand Beneficience to all the Creation ; and for that you ufe us mrfe than the Turks do their Servants; and efpecially in this, that you rather hinder, than promote, cur . unbracing the Chripan Faith, wliprcr as amongft the Turks any Chriftiai; Slave may turn Mahumetan, and is encouraged thereunto, and tlieieby gains his Liberty. . Maii. The World is coriie, to a fine pafs, that .fuch ignorant and Heathens as you are, that do neither hnow nor worflhp the, true God., fliould prefuine. either'to /»//r//c|, or , 'condemn us. Do not you khow, that moll of the hard ulage you (o much complain. (,202 ) ■ complam of; is occafipned by jotif for if we' fliould -not' be feverej- andtule you witti a Koiu/ Iron', you- £re fo- ftirbborn'and; difobedienty that' ihere.would be no-governiirg of you; drerefore we are- forced to hhrjm‘m^ ffO'Obedrence aird good' Manners, youarefo mrofe, j^urly and ‘mhumm ; j5 that-you, are thhbfft caufeofthofe Miferies you endure: Have noty'Oii made'fevcrai\Attemprs • to- Rife^ . and cut off- the, Cftri^ans 'Rnoy and Branch;, and^rirakeyour Teives Ma- j!ers of all that we have? ', And do not fuck Offences require a frrrft'Hand, andfevercPiinifliments ? ’Whar grea- ter.Crime can there’be, than for you £0 berray your Mifters ? Negr.- True if is, the World is come to that pals, and "mens Wicked^ neS is arrived- to' that 'haglic, that good: Adt^errifemeDts, and' 'wliolfonl cither o^: t hriftfitu, J^tror Ge'stik, \ will riot' bc' -enterrained,' lei ir cams from' ’si'hbm' if.wiil,’ if it tend £0 Vertoe-, bb lure' it fliall ‘bd vi-itlf- Hood / 20 ^; ftoodwitk various Where- - ' asyouaceufe usofm7C4m4^4_ aacj ' that the fame hath be,en the Original of all oiir Griefs- and fore OpprelSons,, there is a certain Trutluherein, tho^ , not as you, intend it,, for if we and our Fore-fathers h^d not. viokttd. the innocent Law of Nature by Vioknec. and Tranfgre0ion, we had never fallen under, your-^ Xohy nor been car¬ ried away Captives, out. of our own Native Country; butno-w weiiavu' by the divine Juftice been retaliated^ for ours, and our Frinces Tranfgrcf fions ;• However, though we ackiiow-, ledge this is but juft front; God, yet, that doth not concern you, norcaji you, from thence juftifie yhur Qp- preftions, which could not be occafir, oned, by the Mifearriages, you, fpeaft of,, becaufe they had long been.pra-, ftifGd.uponus, before any, of us-madu- any dfi thpfe. ill; Attempts; you rnen?. j tiort; ’tv'a^your-'Cruelties put us.upi- on thpfe; extrayagant courfe.: And, fmeo Oppreftion ^according, to tfia Dodrine . , .( 204 ) , ^DoQirine of your moftlioly wile PrOf phet) makes Wife Mea mad, ’twas no wonder if fome of our filly Country¬ men were thereby fo far tranfported, asto feekby unjuftifiable means, to gain their Liberty, or a Melioration of their wretched condition. 'Befides, if we had indeed offended you, yet you ought not to retaliate Evil for Evil, fince on the contrary your Chriftian Doftrine. enjoyns yOu to return Good for Evil,k to love even prtr Enemies ; how dare you then in the Light of this holy and everlafiing .Gofpel, to talk and aft after this manner ? -Do you indeed dream that .your Cruelty, and ruling us wirh a martial Rod,, and ‘barbarous Fiercenef, Will make us Traceable and Friendly, ,or to love, our Maftersy and do our Labours with willingnefs ? Alas! we imagined you to be greater Isters into the Myfieries of God, and his Law in Nature, than to entertain fitch vain and imppffible Conceits; fior how contrary is this not only to your Chriftian Ciiriftian Principles, but alfo to Rea- foa, and the common Senfe and Experience of all mankind I. With the fromrd thou jhdt learn Fromtdn^s, faith yoiir owm Prophet.- And again, Did ever the Wrath of Man accdmpltjh the Righteoufnef s ofGod^ OrTyranny beget Love ? If thole \vho have the government oi generous Harfes^ or go about to tame wild Bealis, and endea- voiir’by gentle Vfage to make them traftablc, and fit for Service, rather then by Cruelty and Beating; much more thofe who have the command of fhould bring them to Order and Dilciplinc by the mildeft and fair- eft means, and all the Arts ot Sweet- nefs and Perlivafion •; not treating them worle than Gardiners do thole • mid Plants, which by careful looking to, and good UfagCj lole the d'avage- nef of 'their Nature, and in a little time come to bear excellent hnit. In vain thertfofe you go about to excule your Tyranny and Opprelfion towards us^ by making the World bdieve r 2 o6 ) yiiev-e, that you are as it were coit- flrained, or forced to be cruel to'us; I'hougli yet the fame be true in one , Senfe, niz. you are irritated there» ■into fforn you own innate awakened Wi-i’jh, v.hich does predominate in your iiearcs and Souls, and ihen thole fierce Arrows of Mars, and Foyidns of which you let fly at us, do by i'imily ftir up the origi nal Venoms', and wrathlul Qualities in U -;: And this, and this only, is it that hath occafioned iome of the rvorfer for^ of ouf Coiiiitry-men to Curfe you anti your Poflerky, and to endeavour to kill and deftroy you, which is a crjfing Sin, which we aei" therjuftifie, nor can excufe, fincehis condemned by God, and his Law in Nature; And all that have attempted i'kh lavage Milciiiefs, ought not to gounpuniiht, neitherwili they; for the iuit Law of Retaliation will take hold of them; but wili you therefor^ Ijunifh the Innocent for, or with die G’iHty ? bcciufe ibine called chriHimf commit eommit Murdtn and Treifoas^ 'ttiim: all of'that Profe(rion'''be cut ^oft'by'tte 4js5/or;the Gihkt ? If you %vili deal ingenuoUily, -your own Hearts'will tell you, that tli£ OGGarion'of hliefe Evils committed, or ‘endeavoured'® have been committed, arife froia your Sins , and the great dhujk wherewith you "have 'from time m time afflitfed us, viz., your Miar^ dering us at your pleafhre, and 'n© Account, or juft Compenfation ige- drcd for the lame : Therefore d'Oti; our innocent Blood call lor Yeni-e- aiicemn you, and (‘without lerious Repentance and Amendment) fBuIr be reckoned for. Confider well theft: things, and then teli us; Bo yoia tliink, or can you in Re-afon, bute'S- peQ;, that the great Tyranny, ii- juftice, and cruel Ulages you iiaTo praftifed upon its, will in due time; be brought .ba-ckupon you and your Land or Poftcrity, if ^ you do not atone for thefe Evils-, and give r<«; Sale i nd Refreftmont ? And thougft (2oS) we are never fb fnbmiilive, cannot- the kindled Wrath raife up other Ene-- mies to deltro^ yOu and yours in a- Moinent f Therefore be intreated to bethink, your felv^ in time, for unr doubtedly the Cup of Wrath is almoft full. . Miff. I have conlidered wiiat you alledge/ touching the fevere Wage,. \yliich we have, and do daily offer to your Country-men ;,&■ 1 mufteonfefs, ' ixannot well fee ho w the lame can be- reconciled to the Doffrihe ofouf holy ‘ and harmly Chfiftian Religion: But alas! What would you have us do? If we, fhould leAve. off thefe Praftices,- how llaould, we li'^e ^t\ the R4t£ wc do ? fill our Tables daily with variety of coftly Dilhes,,;andfwil[ our ftlves and numerous Vifitants: with rkh Whies , and other ftrong Liquors :; How fliould we maintain our GraUr, dure, and our Pomp, agd raife great Eshtes for our felves and Children^ and leave our Pofterity great, and rich, and honourable in the World ? ( 509 ) Vfe confider not your Labour^ Wea- riaefs, Diforders, Sickncft, Hwngcr, Drought, want of due Reft, or con= venient Food, nor any the like Hard- ftiips that you fuffer; ^ Jf we ean but live in State and Abundance, and make Vaft Quantities of Sugar^ or other Commodities yearly, whiali is our chief delight, and the higheft good we defire; and he that does thus do, how hard Ibevcr he ufes his Slaves, is counted 2 i brave Husband, and a gcod Chrijlian too, a very no¬ table man, fit for others to make Ex¬ amples by, and imitate his prudent Condufit. Negr. But; all this time you look not into the Radix,^ nor eonfider the lamcritahle Oppreflions and Violences that cleave faft tqr/this your good Hus- . bandry (as you (Call it)' that your Houics are cemented with Blood, and all your JDaintks and your Ricks companied with t^c dolorous Com¬ plaints, Sighs and Groans of your poor Yaiials, .wjiich are continu- P ’ ' ally (• 21 ( 3 ) ally fent up to H«avei3 againi you. Masi. No, no; we expel allfusl Melancholly Thoughts with a plen¬ tiful GUfs of Wine, Jovial .Companjj or other fenfual Diverfions. Negr. Thole Arts you ule to lay | your Retifon and Confcknces to fkcp, | svill in the end both hfim and \ that Vengeance -which mull: neeelTarily follow all injuftice and Op- predion, As for maintaining Frida, , and other Evils of that nature, I am of your mind, that they cannot be fuppl-ied without Oppret fion and Violence; for ail Emems beget their Likenelfes: Eut fure you Ckrif: bw; above all others, ought ndt ■to regard fuchFamrkf^ but relinquidi and detefl ail Superduity-j Pride, Gluttony, and other tlie like Intem¬ perances, fince, they are fo diametri¬ cally oppofite.to your Profedion and Religion. Befides, you abufe your felves and Pofterity, by thinking to raife great or dgrive anyM- (iii) . ing Temporal Happinefs to you or tjiem, by over-charging us with labour; For does not Reafo'ii audl Experience let you know, thatHoufeS built with mouldering Stone and yottsii Timher^ wMi not long continue; and that Eftates heap’d together by Vio¬ lence, carry along with them ti Curfe and areblaftcd from the kadix, fb> that at moft they feldotn defcend to the third Hdr, and rarely Oiitdivethe firft or fecond Generation? What are become of all the Glories of the Nimrods, and the Cafarsj aitd the Alexanders ? of all the mighty Tyrithts^ and fpreading Monarchies of the Af- fyrimsy Medes, ferfms, Macedonians md Rofmnsl Are they hot all'long fmee crufht tb piefces by one another,; becaufe their Foundations were lafd in Violent® and Spoil, Iniuftiee and Oppreflions ? _ Spaniards baptized the Nen> World in klood^ murdered 'many Hundred Thoufand- indiam^ on pretence of propagating the ChriflisB Religion, whenintruth ( 212 ) it was enly to get Gold and Empn ; Have they not met with Retaliation ? Have they not decreafed in Power evtr ftnee thofe Cruelties, and inftead of graiping an . univtrfd Monmh)^ fwhich their Ambition promifed themfelves) are now fcarcc' able to defend their own aritient Patrimony, Or keep off an Enemy from the Fron¬ tiers of Cajtile^ If all thtih Mm of flW have Shfmach, ' by fiter- ingthis Courfe, how hope you with your petty Einnam., and tottering Miffs, to avoid the like Tempers ! II lull Vengeance hath overturned whole Empires and Rings, that cal¬ led thcmfelves Tnvimeable^ for thsir Cruelties and Opp'reifions, how Frail your grivRte Ibrttms. be eftabliFrt, that have no other' Foundation but tire like Violence and Injuftice ? i On the other fide, I pray obferve, there are tn^ny -homfi, cbmujfondtq yoB fee how they are bled, and proh per., and enjoy more true Content and Happinefs in oiie Week, than you whole Minds are continually diftrafted with greedy Defires,' or anxious Fears, do in all your Lives j' Nor are any of your Effates fb firm¬ ly eftablifirt, as thofe whofe PofTef-' fors ufe Merey and Gentlenels-in all their Doings; for Vertuc and Well¬ doing will as naturally attradf the'' Infiiiences, and favour both of God' and Man, and of the Ccekpds^ as' well as inferior Creatures, as z LoaA^ Horn does Iron : And whofbever en¬ deavours fincerely to live according to the innocent Law of God in Na¬ ture, fhall be filled with good things, but thofe that ftudy to grow rich % Wickednefs and Opprefion, fhall bb . * and both their Eftates and their Hopes he Icattered' like Leaves before the Wind, Nor is your Praftice herein lefs' Impudent than Ungodly, all Wicked- nds being indeed the height of Folly,, P”!. ' aud Uh) and Piety and Vertue evermore the hefi Folk)!, For why floould you o'pprefs usj by whole Labours you are fuftained? And'our Ill is your J^fs,'arewe not your Mo^ef ? And what a matter more than you allow us, might plentifully lupply us ? As fuppolp fuph Rafters as ha\ e Fift)% aHundrecI or two Hundred Negroes^ if they would add to our Allowance, Fifty, or one Hundred, or tW'O Hundred Pounds fer mnum^ it might maintain us in lively Strength, and fufficient Vigour to, go through with our Labour with cheerful Spirits, and brisk pirpofith pns; then fhould our Souls (inftead of Cttrfwg, and callipg fpy Vengeanpe upon you) Bleff you, and ferve you cordially and willingly, with all our power. Fpr'thofe that are wife ampngl^ us," matter not their Free¬ dom fo much^ provided they might but be admitted fuch neccfiarv Sup¬ ports, Priyiledges and Accomoda- tionsj as ©urbouasiful Creator by his Hand- (i^y H?.nd-maid, Ndtm^ Has plentifully, provided for ail His Creatures, and efpecially for the race of Men: - And then would you have Peace in y(Mr own Poufes and .Spirits, yiiereas now you are always Hlkd with Con¬ tention, Anger, Strife, Jealoufie or Surpitions ,* nor need you ever then fear our up againft you, to cut you olF, or any other Invahon j for noghingdoes fo much difarm the Rage of the fierce Wrath, as Well¬ doing and Innocencythefe being the furefi: Bulwarks both agaiiifi: in¬ ward and outward Enemies. Mast I cannot deny the Truth.of wha t you have faid, nor know Ihow to make any further Objtcliom, there¬ fore I think it v\’ili more become us toam^d our fraftiees, than to ftudy Arguments to clod ox defend them.; Megr. I am over-joy’d, good Ma¬ iler, to hear thefe Words from y our Mouth; . they found well in our Ears, and make moft pleafant Mu- fickj HQr willyuu, Idare promife P 4 you you, ever hive caufe to Repent of thcfe merciful Refolutibns, for the only way for you to have goodistr- vtntiy is for you firft to be good Mi- jltrs j and though fomc of our Coun¬ try-men are fulknj mrofe, truel and revengeful (more efpeclally by feafbn of the OpprefTions before- mentioned) fo others of them have notwithflandihg given you ftrong 'Motives to believe their Integrity and faithful Honefty towards their Ma- fters, and Ckifhitns in general, for many of us at feveral times, and on fundry occafions, have given moft clear and demoaftrative Teftimonies of Oun Faithfulncfs, in difeovsring leveral horrid Plots and Con/piractes, which fomc of the wofft of us had jJefigned againft our Mafters ; And how 'little do maiw of us value our dear Lives to lave our Mifers l And how ready are we to g©,;run, work, watch, and defend otft Ma¬ kers, and to preferve their Rights ? 80 that many efour -^ilhriftiart Ma: gro Slaves, as with .the ntoft tmfy:. Chriftian Savints thejf had. AndJ ;; doubt not, but if our Mafters deal julily, and with tendernefs prelerve us, by allowing us fuehliiitabie Food, Drinks and Reft as are needful for the fupport of our Lives, and Health, and mitablc to the Climate, we (hould . a8 in general become more trafi’'’.ble, obedient and diligent, ^ and thereby not only perform our Labour much better, but iecrptly attraft the fweet.Influences ofGod and Natupe on their-Heads, and then twenty of us would difpateh as .much Work and Bufinefs as thirty do, or can do, that have neither Food that is pror er, either in Quantity or Quality, nor due Reff, for want of which, the. whole frame of the Body, and all the Members grow heavy, dull, weak andheartlcft; andthe Mind indilpor fed aadiatieffe from, as well as .ua- ' able &We: fes?- Work m' Biiraiek., whick aaver gQ' oa; weH,. and t©- fads- fe£Si©n^ where the: chief motive is-.; Fear on. the ©aefidej,. ' ssdl Craeiity on the.©ther.. IbilideSy, if we and our 'W^hes^^^jtxQ fepti k good’ Heart,, we fiiould be afele tOi get not only man fi'rmg and H&dtJiy, Gsxiliim,. hntmore in Number^. whichi would; fupply your Bufmefs fe bectieir,, tliaafor you every Year to le' at that great Charge of buying, fiiehi N’umbers of n€w Negroes , of whom many fail, and many dye upon the ellange of Climate For by rea- ion; of the Eferd fliips. uled: to-us, and g^ecialiy the Cruelties towards our WomeHy during their- Pregnancy,, diey Ib^ often Mfcarry, that u’C- upo© the lffand. cannot keep our Number, but decreafe fb faft,, tliat you: are feced'every Year (arvaft charge) to.’ fatch; about tefs. Thoufmd (a.s I have: Ikard)': new Oneswhereas there is aa.^dbubt to be made, but if w^ewere gsnvenientiy fuppli^ ivfth Food and competent e9mpetent Reft, and fotnedue Re^ ipeiB: or Commiferation had to our fVives when they are big, then every pf our Mafters Families would fo eii- creafe by his own Bread , that ther© v’ould be no more oecafion for buy¬ ing of new Ones, which would w on- derfully enrich you; 16 that if either you regard ihe Rules of your Holy Keligion, and will not juftlybe bran¬ ded for Hyfocrites or Jtheijls ; If you liave any relpeft to Humanityj ion> nion and that uniyerfal i riu- ciple (blit almoft univerfally neg¬ lected/' to da as you would be done by ; or iaftly, if you would avoid dhint Vengeance, in Retaliation for your PpprcfTions, and Mould iujtly en- creafc your Eftatesby fuchways, as they may be a comfort to your ielves, and continue to your Pofterity ; If all or any of thefe thing, I lay, have any weight with you, then fpeedily leave oft your Severities, and let your ulage ol us be liich aS is lit for. Men to pradile towards Men^ let us fee the excellency exceHeiicy of the Chriftian Religion^ |>y the goodnefs of your Live^ that profefs it, by your Mceknefs, and Clmity, and E^nignipy, and Gom- jpflion towards, your fellow Crea¬ tures, eTpccially thole of the lame Species with your lelves, and who have no lefs rational and immrtut Smli tlian the beft of you : If thefe things you do, we and our Pofterity fhiil mRingly ferveyoa, and not count k any SUvery^ but our unfpeakable Happinefsj Peace fiiall be in your dwellings, and Safety fhall furround yourllland, forinnocency is a better defence than Forts and Citadels, than Armies and Fleets, than Walls ofBrafs, iiankt with Towers of Adamant : In a word, you lhall have Satisfaftion witbittj and Security rvitha/tt, and en¬ joy. the Bleflings both of Time and Etentity. But if neither the Voice of .Religtm, nor Nature^ can, be heard; If .neither Humanity nor Selfintere^ (tan prevail with you, be alTured, that . aithough you arc wilfully Deaf oiir great ,(22l) great Creator will b® ready to hur our Cries; and you muft cerrainiy one day make Retaliation to the ut- teriiioft Farthing. MuH. Smbo ! I have hearkened attentively , and well confidered your Difeourfe, which carries with it fuch Evidence and Reafon, that i muft acknowledge I am convinced' that our former ConduQ: towards you, has not been agreeable to our Religion, or common Equity; there¬ fore for my own part, you fhall fee by future Vfuge , what Im^rejjion your Words have made upon me, nor fhall I be wanting to acquaint with what you haVe offered— . It grows late, therefore you were befi be gone, and betake your felf tt Re]}. Ncgr. B&m Mafter, .I. geturn you a thoufand of Thmks for the freedom you have given me ef fpcaking to you : And I am o\tir“ joyed t© hear, that you have thereby teccivsd (222 ) . , received (bme futisfaUion ; I fliall now return to my fellow Servants; and as I have ufed fome Ar^ments to you to be kind to them, ft) I lhall on ^11 occafioris prefs them with Ar¬ guments to be obedient, humble, juft aiid refpefbive to all their Mafters. Muli. Therein honeft Samho ! you will do very well, and fo good Night to you. Negr. Good Night, my good dear Mafter! FINIS.