ANDREW CARNEGIE CENTENARY 1935 ★ - —- common man. t ppm of^reat § li totally, ssat/as Ms Ppj|eously condition PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY INDEPENDENCE SQUARE PHILADELPHIA. PENNSYLVANIA, U. S.A. GEORGE HORACE LORIMER, EDITOR [ A. W. Neall, Wesley Stout, W. Thornton Martin, Graeme Lorimer, E. N. Brandt, MARIONE V. REINHARD, Associate Editors The Carnegie Anniversary T HE one-hundredth anniversary of the birth of j; Andrew Carnegie, on November twenty-fifth of | zx this year, will doubtless be widely celebrated. A gen- | eration ago, the name of Carnegie was heard every- | I: where; the man himself was one of the country’s | foremost figures. But he died in 1919, and a hew | generation with new interests has risen‘since then. | -/ His enormous gifts are no longer in newspaper head- g lines;, the libraries he built are taken for granted. ; But Carnegie had a profound influence upon his s time, for it was he who exemplified in his own life |i what he described in articles and books as the gospel | of wealth. He gave away in his lifetime $350,000,000, amounting to some 90 per cent of his fortune, prin- S cipal as well as the interest. He held that rich men were Merely trustees for the public and should dis- § tribute their “surplus ” in ways that would best pro- 1 mote the welfare and happiness of the It isiiiot to be assumed that every wealtm,should follow Carnegie’s There'are few who have fortunes as or who could sell their businesses as as he did, so that his affairs were in an for what he called “distribution.” There are other j instances of very wealthy individuals that readily j come to mind, which suggest that the greatest s social service is rendered by keeping fortunes intact f in business. _ : But a spectacular example of giving, likp that of S Carnegie, was badly needed in his time,. That-wealth should be h6ld as a trust for others was a reljitivfcly new idea-%It was doctrine that should'Save been! preached, and Carnegie pro claim edit effectively^* There are always those who say that such fortunes 1 should never be made and that these large sums j; ought to be raised by taxation and spent by public; dfficials. But the elimination of all private benefac¬ tions and the concentration of philanthropic functions k entirely in the hands of tax raising and spending | officials, is not a policy that ^commends itself to | thoughtful men and women. ^ NEW YORK Neat fork Etnra Ke*. u. S. Pat. "All th« M*m Th»t’* Pit to Print. 1 ' =2 V, -/fa cr THE CARNEGIE CENTENARY. The celebpatWii’^of the centenary of .the birth, of Andrew Carnegie, which has just been announced, will tell the new century in what gratitude, esteem and affection these first hundred years held him. In his letter of instructions to his trustees he spoke of “ my chief happiness” in the thought that even after he passed away the wealth that came to him to administer as a sacred trust for the good of his fellowmen would continue “ to benefit humanity for generations untold.” But it will be not alone his benefactions that will be remembered by these generations. His gospel of wealth, his belief in a trium¬ phant democracy and his adventure for world peace, which found expression in his varied and vast gifts to his own day and generation, will be cherished as his prime contributions to civilization. At this moment special attention may be called to one of these: his “ gospel,” which he preached and practiced, his “ theory,” which he made a reality, of the responsibilities of wealth—respon¬ sibilities to be voluntarily met and not left to governmental compulsions. It is stated by his biographer that he gave away “Tor the improvement of man¬ kind” $350,000,000, or, in percentage of his fortune, 90 per!'cent, for public use and kept 10 per,.cent for himself and his heirs. This was no “ uncon¬ sidered improvisation.:”' When he was only 33 years old he pledged himself to give away each year his “ surplus ” for benevolence. This he made his “ duty and it became not only his personal contribution to the social problem but a persuasive example for others. Li¬ braries and laboratories, centres of music and galleries of art, were but the visible evidences of a clearly conceived! and nobly executed purpose. , ,j JCeralb tribune The - Example Perhaps the most extraordinary jog given to memories by the centennial of Andrew Carne¬ gie’s birthday was the extraordinary variety of his interests and gifts. In the public mind it: is the scores of libraries which have become : identified with the name. The amiable weakness j for seeing his name carved in stone on a build- j ing has served, oddly enough, to push into the i background many of the other fine gifts, the! creations of a true generosity and a bold imagi- 5 nation. Immortality is ,a. willful jade, in short.- She selects what appeals to her for public preserva¬ tion, _ and neither organization nor the mere power of money can alter her decisions. Among the many different gifts, from the peace Palace at The Hague to beloved Carnegie Hall in this city, it is undoubtedly the vast funds granted to education, both toward the betterment of the lot of the professor and, even more significant,; toward the advancement of research and learn¬ ing, which best deserve to be Andrew Carnegie’s monument. If the present celebration does nothing else than to remind the public of these great donations.,it will have justified itself. His example reinforced his words. Because of what he did, his description of his ideals’ has a real eloquence today. /Let us set them down for their present lesson and warning: "This, then, is; held to be the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unos¬ tentatious living, shunning display or extrava¬ gance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so, to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer-in the manner which, in his' judgment, is best calculated to provide the most beneficial results for the community— the man of wealth thtis becoming the mere trustee and agent for his poorer brethren.” It would be Impossible even roughly to 'esti¬ mate the gifts of the last generation made in America. The Carnegie example has not been followed literally by many. But its spirit has been accepted and followed by countless thou¬ sands of Americans, of modest wealth and j of great wealth, as the ..continuing stream of j gifts to hospitals, to. churches, to schools, to! museums, to universities^ to libraries 1 , to every | other noble cause, bears witness. One of the questions clearly before the nation j today is whether this stream is or is not to be j dried up. The unmistakable goals of the New I Deal include not only taxing out of existence j great fortunes but taxing so severely all incomes i beyond a subsistence level as to reduce, gifts in 1 the public s cause to the vanishing point. The centennial of Andrew Carnegie conies at a timely moment to remind the country of the American method which has made possible the sxvUt rise to greatness, of Jfa two most, precious i csourpes, learning and good works. . s NewYorklifiiififTelegram and the evening mail A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER. % ■ =3 ? / 94 CARNEGIE, DISTRIBUTOR. ^NDREW CARNEGIE, whose birth a century ago is being celebrated this year, both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a. mere giver, but a profoundly wise distributor of millions. Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 million of the dol¬ lars he picked up so easily over here. He kept only fifteen millions, which proved ample. His benefactions in libraries and in health, scientific and peace foundations ‘“grubstaked a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of learning” and un¬ derstanding. They will bear fruit in a more civ¬ ilized humanity for generations to come. Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multi-millionaires it might not have been necessary fAr the government now to take meas- !; ures for sowing the national wealth more widely. ? In a country where multi-millionaires have ceased | to be a’ novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and | Harknesses are all too rare. Too many of the | very rich took all their savings and re-invested fjj them in their own plants, in an effort to make i: more money or for want of any idea of what to I do with their excess. That is why our most pnos- ? perous years found the industrial plant so over- : built that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the mass- : es so poor that they couldn’t buy what it did turn out. As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged | individualist, but as a spender he was minded and broad-visioned humanist. social- Bwniiiiii—wmniwii.ni 7 :\.< -WV fxt > O’ « KiiiMin.' snorior aW. 'xml E. 18th at.. Cleveland. O. Telephone. P*o*Pe.ct 4800. pally, 8 cents" delivered. IS cents a week; yearly by mail; In Ohio. $4.00: outside Ohio. $6.00. Dan R 11anxa. Jr.. « Eari.e Martin, Hugh, Kaxf. President Editor ■ U'aiMffina EdUbr .0. F. rScCATIlT.I.. J. .T. LUMNS, ' ■ • Vice Pres, and Business Manager Treasurer • & a w a* er *Ferguson - W a t. k-e r Co. Xalibmt Advertising Rem-es'entitlices ■ THE ASSOCI ATED PRESS is exclusively entitled .to'-the use for fViV”-frf.-t*1' new£ Slished he?el l n ted All HxhUoT remiblic aUon^r^spwntf fhVatdU hereinVe also resen -ed. Entered as second class mattef at Cleveland pcistoffice under the act of March A UTS_, He Shared His Wealth O NE hundred years ago today, there was born a poor boy in Dunfermline, Scotland. He came to America and worked as a bobbin boy at 20 cents a day. He lived to become a great iron-master. He will live forever as a great philanthropist. If all the wealthy were Andrew Carnegies, there would be no agitation for sharing the wealth, and there would be no legislation for confiscation of large estates. The Bible tells us that men should give 10 per cent to their brothers. Carnegie reversed this. He gave 90 per cent away and kept but 10 per cent for himself. He disliked.the word “philanthropist.” He preferred to be a distributor. To list all his benefactions—he gave away $350,000,000 during his lifetime,—would take more than this column. A follower of Spencer, he believed that it was his duty to stimulate, with his money, man’s progress toward self- improvement. Hence his tremendous interest in education, reading, science and peace. Carnegie libraries can be found everywhere in the Anglo-Saxon world. Cleveland owes much of its library progress to him. Over $600,000 from Carnegie funds was used to build 15 libraries here. The School of Library Science at Western Reserve university received a $100,000 endow¬ ment, and the Cleveland Museum of Art has received gifts from the Carnegie Corporation. In his day, there were many other poor young men who rose to immense wealth. Many of .them have been forgdtten, and their names are perpetuated merely as entries in the social registers. Carnegie will be an Amer¬ ican immortal. “Surplus wealth is a sacred trust to be administered for the highest good of the people,” he wrote, many years ago. “The man who dies possessed of millions free and ready to be distributed, will die disgraced.” Des Moines Tribune Published every day except Sunday by The Keg- S1 aster and Tribune Company 713-15 Locust St., and H entered at the postoffice of Des Moines, ,1a.. as second | class matter. c JQh> \ * 3 /, / f ' 3 ' BIRTHDAY OF CARNEGIE. “This, then, is held to he the ..duty of thc ll man of wealth: to set a/n- exatuple of mod- j| est, unostentatious living, shunning. display || or extravagance; to provide, judder ately for | the wants of those dependent upon him; l[ and, after doing that, to consider all sur- { plus revenues' which come to him simply f as trust 1 funds to administer, . the man \ of wealth thus becoming tKe mere, trustee \ and agent for his■ poorer brethren These words, to a reader who does not know who wrote them, may' sound like mere idealistic theory. They were written, however, by a man who actually put them into practice durj^ng his lifetime to the | tune of something like half a billion dollars, j » The hundredth anniversary of the birth! | of Andrew Carnegie, which ocqurred Nov. j | 25, 1835, was observed Monday in, many cit¬ ies throughout the world. And in nearly I every case it was possible, appropriately enough, to hold the ceremonies in % public building which owes its existence' to his | generosity. This is not difficult, in view of The fact j that he was responsible for the building of more than 2,500 libraries and that his bene- | factions extend to at least 14 countries. THE PLAIN DEALER AND DAILY LEADER C JX^LT' 3 A, Five Days Apart. The last week of November, 100 years ago, saw the birth of two men who, utterly unlike, were destined to make history in different fields and t become fast friends in their years of Jaunty. The centenary of Mark Twain is widely noted. A drew Carnegie was five days his senior. One became a lion in the literary IN a master industrialist. One was born in a Mmsour village, unknown to fame except for the memory of its famous son. The other was born at Dun¬ fermline, Scotland. Years later one was to write books for the shelves of the other's far-flung U- ’’’in'an article Carnegie wrote at Mark Twain’s death the master of steel related how the author credited to him the germ idea of his. Connecticut Yankee.” Carnegie years before had written dissertation called ''Triumphant Democracy, and frpm Mark Twain’s reading of it came the popu ar 'When the great humorist was ill his physician prescribed pure whisky. Carnegie, though him¬ self an abstainer, generously filled the prescription A little later the Scot slipped on the ice and sprained a knee. “Mr. Carnegie should have sent i me all, instead of merely a part, t>f his whisky, j dryly remarked the son of Missouri. Mark Twain was never to ill to joke. The Cincinnati Post ,f this district and of the steel industry in eneral also was of inestimable value. Pittsburgh has great and lasting reason remembering the name of Andrew arnegie. 'i itu h " ..... V' WmSA : The San Francisco News (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) t # y ? ^ ° Carnegie, Distributor A NDREW CARNEGIE, whose birth a century ago is being celebrated this week both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise distrib¬ utor of millions. Before he was 75 the old iron¬ master had plowed back into America 435 million of the dollars he picked up so easily over here. He kept only 15 millions, which proved ample. His benefactions in libraries and in health, scientific and peace foundations “grubstaked a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of learning” and un¬ derstanding. They will bear fruit in a more civilized humanity for genera¬ tions to come. Had Carnegie’s example been fol¬ lowed by other multimillionaire,s it might not have been necessary for the Government now to take measures for sowing the national wealth more widely. In a country where multimil- ; lionaires have ceased to be a novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Hark- itesses are all too rare. Too many of the very rich took all their savings and reinvested them in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant so overbuilt that one- fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy what it did turn out. As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged individualist, but as a spender he was a social-minded and broad-visioned humanist. .* *.... * * J, (ESTABLISHED 1850) A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER ■ j o 1? f t / 9 <3 <3 Carnegie, Distributor ■A ISEfifcEW CARNj^aE^^jBSfebirth a ceii\ ir/tury. ago is "being ceiebrateaboth in his natiWScotiand and his adopted America, wa^ riot a mere giver, but a profoundly wise dis-j tributor of millions, j Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had, flowed back into America 435 million of the 1 , ■dollars he pieced up so easily over here; He, .kept only 15 millions, which proved ample.’: His benefactions in libraries and in health, \ scientific and peace foundations “grubstaked a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of learning” and understanding. They will bear j fruit in a more civilized humanity for genera- i tionstocome. >, [ Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multi-millionaires it might not , have been necessary for the government now to take measures for sowing the national wealth rripre widely. In a country where multi-mil¬ lionaires have ceased to be a novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare. j As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged individualist, but as a spender he was j I asocial-minded and broad-visioned !humanist./j ^ The C arnegie Centenary Today marks the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie and it will be widely observed, especially by the various or¬ ganizations, he created. Born in Dunfermline Scotland, he’ came with his father to the United ’^States at'the age qf thirteen;, His rise from a bobbin-boy in a Pennsylvania cotton factory to the head of the great steel companies that bore his name constitutes one of- the most astound-- ing business romances of all time. His initia¬ tive, enterprise, sagacity, (ind thrift have sel¬ dom if ever been equalled. He amassed a stupendous fortune and succeeded during his lifetime in giving away 90 per cent of it, $350,- ' 000,000 “for the improvement@of mankind.’’ ^ It was he who proclaimed to the world that “the man who dies possessed of available millions which were free and in his hands to distribute, will die disgraced” ,if he does not attend to their distribution. His “Gospel of Wealth” was not for him alone to exemplify. It has been em¬ braced by many others who have used their means much as he used his,—to endow hos¬ pitals, schools and colleges, to support great charities and philanthropies, to. create founda¬ tions of one kind and another.all ministering bo public needs or the general welfare. “We have little wealth remaining in Ameri¬ can families for more than three generations of heirs,” Carnegie wrote, “and that in only a very few cases indeed. It scatters itself considerably as a rule, in the first generation: of heirs, great¬ ly in the second; and during the third it van¬ ishes, and the heirs of the millionaire return to lives of strenuous labor, a much needed re¬ formatory school, and one of the best.” This is merely an elaboration of the ' familiar York¬ shire proverb, “Three generations from clogs to clogs.”, or as-the American versioh has it, “Three [ generations from shirtsleeves 'to shirtsleeves.” I, it was Carnegie’s opinion that it was best for the nation as a whole that wealth should be allowed to pass freely from rich to poor, un¬ hampered by legislation, “all left to the free play of natural forces, the spendthrift getting rid of the burden he cannot use: well, the poqr maft acquiring it by. strenuous - exertion, self- denial spid useful service.” His own experience, with millionaires con¬ vinced him that they were far from happy. “While they have more than enough to retire upon,” he said, “they have neglected to provide themselves with something precious to retire to . . . Millionaires who laugh are rare, very rare indeed.” He held it to be the duty of the millionaire, after making adequate provisions ■ for himself and his dependents, to distribute his money in his own lifetime in ways that seemed ■ best calculated to promote human happiness. His biographer, Mr. Burton J. Hendrick, writes I that he developed his own tithing system, re¬ versing the Biblical injunction by keeping only 10 per cent for himself and his heirs and giving away the remaining 90 per cent.. Merely to catalogue the Carnegie benefactions would take considerable space. Besides build¬ ing nearly two thousand free public libraries in the United States and more than eight hundred elsewhere, he distributed some $20,000,000 in gifts to various American colleges. He gave liberally to churches of all faiths. He endowed the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh with $36.- 000,000. He made important contributions to scientific research, as for example,’the Carnegie Institution at Washington to which he gave $32,000,000 which has enabled it to carry on experiments in biology, nutrition and magnet¬ ism, and to make discoveries in botany, arch¬ aeology and astronomy. Some of his more notable truits are the Car- fnegie Endowment for International Peace. \ founded in 1910, with a capita] of $10,000,000 and with a view "to the speedy abolition of in¬ ternational war between the sorcalled civilized nations”; the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the largest in size and scope of all the i Carnegie Foundations, with a capital of $135,- "000,000, for the 1 advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding among the people of the United States; the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching founded originally to provide pensions for teachers in the form of free gifts, but since changed to a contributory system on' a properly calculated actuarial basis; the Carnegie Nero Fund Com¬ mission designed to give suitable recognition to ? persons engaged in peaceful occupations who risked their lives in efforts to save others; the- Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, “for the im¬ provement and well being of the masses of the people of Great Brtiain and Ireland by such means as are comprehended within the mean¬ ing of the word charitable”; the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, with a capital of £2,000,000, half the income of which is to be used chiefly for research and the other half to , .help students of Scottish birth or extraction in their desires for an education; the Dunfermline,;] ' L vust of £750,000, the income of which may be *or anything “which tends to bring sweet- -j ~ht to the community.” All these benefactions are in keeping with Carnegie’s philosophy that wealth should be held as a trust for others in order to benefit humanity from generation to generation. There are those who Will say that he should not have been nermitted to acquire any such fortune as was his,—that it should. haVe been taken away ± from him through taxation, that his wealth should have been shared by this means. But had that been done the money would long ago have been dissipated and there would not be today the great Carnegie foundations that are doing so much to promote the good of mankind. Registered in V s. Patent Office ‘ ^ 1 l, Independent Newspaper. (Published every day in the year.) \ The Carnegie Centenary. Andrew Carnegie”ls remembered as one •who devoted much of his leisure and a great part of his huge fortune to the pro- j motion of international peace. Yet his ! centennial occurs at a time, when the world : “ust strain every effort to avert the cata¬ clysm of another widespread war. Andrew Carnegie also devoted his time and money to . the advancement of fearning. But the hundredth anniversary of his birth sees' governments everywhere assuming that this is a function of the State, and preparing to encroach upon the 'independence of individ¬ ual foundations. These paradoxes, however, in no way I dim the luster of the little Scotsman’s work j for his fellowmen. Libraries bearing his name dot this country and every other English-speaking land. The Carnegie In¬ stitute in Pittsburgh' records only a small ■ part of the debt of technical education to its founder. The Carnegie Institution at Washington furthers research in many divi¬ sions of scientific knowledge. Carnegie pensions for superannuated college profes¬ sors testify "that, in his desire for the dif¬ fusion of knowledge, the steel magnate did not Underestimate the role of its missioners. The work of the Carnegie Endowm ent for ! International Peace attests" the~careful way in which he sought to isolate the germs of war as medical investigators study the origins of disease of a less baffling nature. This partial list of the great philanthro¬ pist’s endowments represent, if not^he only ; Carnegie, at least the Carnegie whose name ! will long be honored by mankind. He was I far more than the shrewd workman who I foresaw and capitalized the coming of the I Age of Steel. He was much more than-a | favored beneficiary of industrial expansion | and the protective tariff.. He was also a jjj foremost exemplar of the doctrine that : great wealth and great ability entail re¬ sponsibilities and duties equally great. If j his attitude was sometimes feudal, Andrew | Carnegie had in high degree the honorable ! feudal philosophy of Noblesse Oblige. After all, individual character counts most. The Carnegie centennial raises the question of whether the most enlightened of paternalistic governments can spend 1 money for its people more, -efficiently and f helpfully than did this industrial" tyrant of j] the nineteenth century. It may be said that an economic Utopia would nevfr have al- j lowed Andrew Carnegie to amass so great j an individual fortune. But it must also'be said that only a political Utopia could, hope j to utilize that fortune so advantageously I for mankind. j Carnegie Centenary. j Washington has particular interest in j the celebration of the centenary of Andrew Carnegie. It happens that the ,city had a special place in the heart jof the man born at historic Dunfermline & hundred years ago today. During the Conflict between the States he, learned to love the Nation’s Capital and, as an executive assistant to Secretary, of War Thomas A. Scott, helped to defend it. Later, when he was distributing-his vast wealth in the interest of “the improve¬ ment of mankind,” he allotted to the District of Columbia the funds for the main building and three branches of the Public Library. He also chose the Federal center of the United States for his Endowment for International Peace and the Carnegie Institution of Wash¬ ington, established in aid of scientific re¬ search; and he contributed $850,000 to construct the Pan-American Unjon head¬ quarters. Just before his death, August. 11, 1919, he is reported to have expressed the wish that all his philanthropies tnight be correlated here. But Carnegie did not belong feo any single neighborhood. His mind "from first to last was universal in range. He was concerned with every ' department of human 'enterprise. Perhaps the back¬ ground of his career and the environ¬ ment of his childhood and" youth, explain the multiplicity of his enthusiasms. By inheritance he was romantic in tem¬ perament, and by the compulsion of cir¬ cumstance he was an amateur. The' genius in him and the long series of accidents whereby that power was given Opportunity to function remain to be analyzed by a biographer competent to the task; Meanwhile, a world-wide public holds his name in grateful remembrance. The fruits of Carnegie’s life, it should be noted, have been far more generally effective than might be supposed at a casual glance. He himself spent $350,- 000,000 to advance the causes in which he enlisted. But that, was an insignificant sum compared with those offered by other individuals inspired by his example. In sober fact, he set a fashion which, fortunately, still prevails. The forty millionaires he “made” have followed in the path he blazed and literally thou¬ sands of richer or less rich individuals have been guided in their charities by the pattern he laid down. In the genealogy of modern altruism he was the founder^of a new idealism, a new technique and a new method. ‘Thus, as he frankly intended, he has been a civilizing force.; he has lifted up the race. Honoring his memory, the peoples he strove to aid recall him .as one of them¬ selves. He was of them a£ well as for them, and his attraction is . enhanced by his authentic humanity. Washing¬ tonians see him as he was on January 7,1903, when the Library was .dedicated— a gentle and kindly soul, plhin. and unassuming, happy in his privilege of living and giving. Ht.lvuisi (Plobc-l3sraocntt. Published Daily and Sunday. GLOBE-DEMOCRAT PUBLISHING CO. 1133 Franklin Ave. GArfield 1212 . i K/' 1 ' /, CARNEGIE. The world observed the 100t.h. "■ bir * h anniversary of the dynamic jj Scotch-American, Andrew Carnegie, X who built from., steel one of the-1 greatest fortunes in history and I gave virtually all of it away before j ", his death. From the poor weaver’s 5 ' 1 cottage' in Dunfermline, Scotland, ; where Carnegie, was born, was' I broadcast over an international 1 hookup a centennial celebration in ■ i tribute to the life and enormous j benefactions of the Scot, who once ! hustled about American streets as a messenger-boy, who became a rail-, road superintendent and eventually : . turned Pittsburgh into one of‘ the world’s famous steel centers. He : made 40 of his associates million- i aires. Very Rev. Sir George Adam Smith, principal, and vice chancel- ] lor of the College of St. Andrews, praised the philanthropist, who ) never had a college education, for : \ widely .endowing higher institutions 1 of learning. Dr. John ,H. Finley, i ; { associate . editor of the New York ; 1-imes,. also speaking from the I Weaver’s cottage, now a museum, i declared the steel rail, in which Carnegie made his fortune, was ;■ perhaps the greatest single factor : in development and expansion of ! the United States. Ceremonies of observance for the man who gave ■’ public libraries throughout Amer¬ ica were held at . Columbia Univer- 1 sity and Princeton University, .in Pittsburgh and in the New York {H Music Hall, Carnegie gave the city. .’ In the Music Hall the philanthro- , pist’s widow was the guest of hon- I or, as Walter Damrosch directed { Beethoven’s “Leonore No. Ill” over- i :; ture,. just as he did at the dedica- ! tory program of the hall in 1891. j Speaking as chairman of the Gov- P : , erning Board of the Pan-American I 1 Union, Secretary of State Hull in .! I' Washington praised the steel mag- v nate for establishment of the Car- r.negie Endowment for International : j Peace: “Among the many high pur- ! I suits to which Andrew Carnegie gave the best years of his fife, the 1 J one which copimanded his greatest P enthusiasm and devotion was the ; maintenance of peace throughout the world, but especially on the American Continent.” Recalling the f 1 close friendship between Carnegie i t and Mark Twain, Cyril Clemens, : | president of the International Mark j ' | Twain Society and a cousin of the , humorist, recounted in St. Louis i the story of a man telling Twain \ 'I that “Carnegie’s money is all taint- j., p *; ed! ” “Yes, it is,” replied Mark : Twain, ’tain’t yours and ’'taint | sninft,” KB— •w~ m ■ Daily and Sunday Entered at Post Office in Atlanta as Mail Matter of the Second Class - t ,4 y, / ^ Andrew Carnegie $ Centen - nial and His Gosfiel of W ealth T HOUGH it is a long way it is from here to Dunfermline, an event which occurred in that ancient town of Scotland a hundred years ago will be gratefully commemorated in At¬ lanta tomorrow, and in a large portion of the world. The centennial of the birth of Andrew Carnegie reminds us anew Of what he did ;for our city and common¬ wealth. Four! public library buildings mark his benefactions to Atlanta, besides generous donation to the Emory Uni¬ versity Library School. The monetary sum of these gifts was not far short of four hundred thousand dollars, but who can measure their increasing significance in terms of human happiness and en¬ lightenment? In the State, twenty cities and towns and six colleges have received libraries from the fund he provided for this purpose. Never a day goes but that multitudes of Georgians, in all ages and circumstances of life, have reason to bless the memory of Andrew Carnegie for the imperishable riches he placed within their reach. And so have millions the country over. Dunfermline, where he was born, November 25, 1835, was a fit starting point for a story-book career. A little way from his parents’ cottage stood the Abbey,' where Robert Bruce was buried, while eight miles northward lay Loch Leven with its dramatic memories of Mary Stuart. His father, a handloom weaver, was a radical in politics and, as the neighbors described him, “an awfu’ man for reading.” His mother was the daughter of a tanner and shoemaker, Thomas Morrison, who likewise was an aggressive reformer and ardent champion of human rights. The Carnegies gave their two sons the best schooling they could afford, but when Andrew was thir¬ teen the family’s fortunes were at such an ebb that they sold their chattels, bor¬ rowed twenty pounds, and sailed for the United States of ’America. Forty-one years later the Scottish emi¬ grant lad, who had risen from'a weekly wage of one dollar and twenty cents to an income of millions and .the .command of giant industries, wrote his “Gospel of Wealth.” A man’s first duty, he main¬ tained, was to provide a competence for I his family, but “the rich man who died I leaving great sums which he himself might have administered for the public good, died disgraced.” That was a strange doctrine for a millionaire in 1889, and doubtless there were many cynics who thought that he would rest content with preaching it. But in the thirty ensuing years, until his death in 1919, Andrew Carnegie gave away three hundred and fifty million dollars, which included most of his annual income and the principal. Mattlalinmml Daily and Sunday Entered at Post Office in Atlanta as Mail Matter of the Second Class ’two" hundred and eighty-eight millions of this immense sum he distributed m the United States—sixty millions for li¬ brary buildings, twenty millions for col¬ leges and mainly for the smaller ones, six millions for church organs, twenty-nine millions for a foundation for the ad¬ vancement of teaching, ten millions for his Hero Fund, and scores of millions for art, music and literature, as well as for scien¬ tific research and technical education. For the promotion of international peace, one of the high passions of his latter years, he created an endowment of ten million dollars. He gave ten millions to the Scottish universities and an equal amount to those of the United Kingdom. Nor was his native Dunfermline, forgotten, the Fifeshire burgh where he walked as a penniless boy, pondering the lore of its bygone heroes, memorizing Robert Burds, gazing at the misty Pentland Hills, and dreaming of America. To his birthplace he gave, not only a splendid library and public baths, but also the picturesque and historic estate of Pittencrieff Park and Glen, together with a trust fund yielding one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars a year for the maintenance of the park, for the exhibition of works of art and science, and»for the promotion of horticultural and educational interests among the people. A story-book career indeed was Andrew Carnegie’s, not merely in its courageous conquest of things and its building of a mighty fortune, but chiefly in its creative idea of how riches should be used. Sum¬ marizing Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth, the distinguished author, Burton Jesse Hendrick, writes in the Dictionary of .. null'll IMIi IDMIlli lift ITT " American Biography, “He accepted, on the whole, the established economic and po¬ litical system; he remained to .his death a disbeliever in socialism. Yet he recog¬ nized that the accumulation of enormous sums in the hands of industrial leaders was a result of capitalism that held great possibilities of evil. So far as these lead¬ ers stimulated industry and performed their part in unloosing natural and hu¬ man energies for the growth of society, they were a valuable national asset; in¬ deed, Carnegie believed they were indis¬ pensable. But their reward, if used for their own selfish purposes, far exceeded the value of their services. Carnegie granted that the people as a whole had created the fortunes concentrated in in¬ dividual hands; what the community had piled up should be returned to it. The millionaire who piroperly recognized his own position was merely a ‘trustee;’ he held his surplus wealth for the benefit of his fellows. . . . The accumulator of great possessions was prima facie an ex¬ ceptional person, and it became his duty tp use the talents which had made his fortune by distributing it ‘for the improve¬ ment of mankind.’ ” So thought and so did Andrew Car¬ negie—a gospel as old as Christianity, as new as the New Deal, and as keenly resented, in some quarters, as them both. NDREW CARNEGIE, born - —— dred years ago (November.. 25, jk. 1 jc leaving a more lasting nn- „rtat upon 'tfcfe leaves of. history through S bene&ctions for education and sc.enqe than through the millions of tons oi steei t hnf hale been stamped with his name. ?n a real sense dollars cannot measure accomplishments in education and science. Money is-fertilizer for viable ideas. But it is significant that Carnegie used his mil- Unns for giving sustenance to such im¬ portant factors in American and mterna- K^lfdone o P nthe association with /‘Carnegie” today is just as hkely^to be,'“libraries” or “science ^Carnegie’s gifts, exceed some $350,000,- 000 but no accurate total is ever hkely t°o behummed It is not ijnpo^nt teat it should be. Of this total, $ 152,1 fu.uuu went to education through libraries and grants to colleges. The Carnep^CorRora- fion of New York received *$135,000,000 as a trust fund for the advancement and dif¬ fusion of knowledge and understanding: Scientific-research was supported by $ > 000,000. International peace, was prom - ed with $12,500,000, pensions used $14,_ 000,000 and music benefited by ’ 000 Carnegie’s own home town. Dun fermline Trust,” and other sentimental gifts totaled $4,100,000. Thus education fnd science to the broad sense received th ^a°rnegie TnTtution of Washing- ton with its wide-flung and Productive laboratories and its sky-probing Mt. Wd- con Observatory, is .chief among the sci- Ince agencto? using Carnegie money. But Carnegie benefactions have aided wide- snread variety of other science efforts. P As important as the money he, gave is the economic philosophy behind the g /- ing. Rich men, he said, have no> m °J3 e right to their surplus accumulations. The tfniTDorary custodians are m reality tSs” fo7the public. As a practitioner of theory, Carnegie used 90 per cent of his wSlttl for society.—Science Service. ' The Public Ifibrary. . Tomorrow the memory of Andrew Carnegie will be honored in more than 2,800 citie!T“thrOtxghout j the world in which he established and helped to maintain public libraries. Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, on November 25, 1835, Andrew Carne¬ gie came to this country a little more than a decade later where he was destined to amass one the nation’s largest individual fortunes. Although his fortune made him famous, his philanthropic works brought him world wide acclairq. and his name will long be preserved through association with them;. 1 Among the many subjects ■ of Mr. Carnegie’s , philanthropy few brought, him greater satisfac¬ tion than gifts to establish , public libraries. Thej need for public libraries was impressed upon him; in his early youth.andrremembering the difficulty; he had in obtaining books then in later life he 1 sought to ; place them within-the reach of still | greater numbers by liberal .grants of funds. There i: are today some 2,810 Cairriifegie libraries scat- ; tered throughout the English ’ speaking world to which $60,000,000 has been given. . When Mr. Carnegie was a young man in Pitts¬ burgh, he came in contact with Colonel- James; Anderson and the free ‘library that he main-' tained for working boys. If was through this li¬ brary that the young messenger boy began a long process of self-education and it suggested to him his plan for making grants of money for public libraries. In his autobiography Mr. Car¬ negie tells why he has championed the library \yhen he says: “It was from my own early experi¬ ence that I decided there was no use to which money could be applied so productive of good to J Boys and girls, who have good within them and . abilityand ambition to develop it, as the founding of; a public library in a community which is will¬ ing to support it as a municipal institution.”. No one now questions the value of the public I library and although the preparatory education of boys and girls is largely cared for in the public schools it still can serve them in the manner Mr. Carnegie describes. The public library has to¬ day also become a vital factor in enabling men and women to continue the process of education beyond the public school., Although the depres¬ sion has been hard on public libraries it h§s also | brought out more emphatically than ever their f permanent usefulness in any. community. As these 2,800 cities join to honor Mr.. Carnegie for ; his generosity, it would not be amiss if communi¬ ties everywhere also paid some sort of tribute to the hundreds of people whose names will never be engraved over library doors but who have contributed with mind and body to the build¬ ing and maintenance of libraries in cities and vil¬ lages throughout the land. Wit fleft#it 0xtt ftxtfit “ON GUARD roa OVER A CENTURY* Published every morning by The Detroit Free Press, from its Home Office, 321 Lafayette Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Detroit, Michigan, under the Act of March 3, 1879. .... A Charitable Scot A NBJ^EW CARNEGIE, the centenary of whose ~ birtllSft^being celebrated this week in many Countries, was a true, son of that Scotia which has 'given to America so' many braw lads and bonrtie lassies. The rugged climate of Scotland breeds character. /Coming to this Country in 1848, a penniless lad, Carnegie worked his way up from a bobbin-boy in a cotton factory at Allegheny, Pa., to be head of the Carnegie Steel Co., which the United States Steel porp. took over in 1901 for $250,000,000. :/ As he worked, Andrew Carnegie read and thought, and by 1889 he had evolved his doctrine of the "trusteeship” of wealth. This told that a man of Wealth should live modestly and make reasonable provision for his dependents, and then hand back to society the rest of the money that he had gained ’from it., That was the origin of his statement that fit was a disgrace for a man to die rich. Acting upon that principle, Carnegie gave away approximately $350,000,000 and died a much poorer man than he had lived. t Art and science, education, and world peace shared in his benefactions. ; There is charity which dulls incentive and ambition hy giving people something for nothing, ■--- And there is charity which quickens incentive and Encourages the ambitious by providing the means and pointing the way to greater and nobler accom¬ plishments. / Andrew Carnegie bad had to work hard for what be got out of the world and, for that reason,- it would have been surprising if, of those two means of dis¬ posing of his wealth, he had not chosen the latter. W)t |9jettrxrit 0he f "ON GUARD TOR WY’TRA CENTURY* Published every morning by The Detroit Free Press, from I Its Horne Office, 321 Lafayette Boulevard, Detroit. Michigan. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Detroit, f Michigan, under the Act of March 3, 1879. J , c ----- A Practical Illustration A NDR EW CARNEGIE lived and died while there was still “dignity in honest toil” and the right and title of a man to his honestly-acquired property in this Country was still protected from confiscation. And that is why it was possible for him to amass and “redistribute” some $350,000:000 through public benefactions, the wisdom and value of which is proved by the tributes now being paid to his memory the world over. If Andrew Carnegie had lived and died under the New Deal, as other possessors of large fortunes must do, a great part of his wealth would have been 'taxed out of him and used to finance experiments • in alien “isms” directed by pear-shaped heads under collegiate mortar-boards. Would the world have been better off for that? $ime2iStfamott FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1935. Scientific Philanthropy. f -‘He was the father of giving on the grand \ scale.” So Sir James Irvine, principal and vice j chancellor of St. Andrew’s University, i Scotland, characterized the humanitarian work of Andrew Carnegie, whose centenary is being ; ! celebrated thW"'week: “To regard oneselfj merely as a channel through which great v wealth may be distributed into other channels ; was a unique decision,” said Sir James. It is ! : questionable whether the absorption and ad- ministration of wealth by the State will advan¬ tage society as well as the “perpetual humani¬ tarian trusts of the type Andrew Carnegie | created.” Above the belching chimneys of smoke-grimed I Pittsburg, with its terrible murfc and grinding- toil, its. bloody strikes, its brilliant inventions,, its colossal organizations, the genie that was Carnegie turned iron to gold and then by phil- 1 anthropic necromancy, turned his gold to human beatitudes. His mistakes are well for¬ gotten in the ordered purpose of his benefac¬ tions. To the pauperized teaching profession in small colleges he gave security for the latter ! years. He placed libraries and books within | the reach of impecunious students' in hundreds of towns and cities throughout the nation. And he first and most endowed Peace with a home Ht the Hague, a centre of radiation for all subsequent courts, leagues, pacts and propa¬ ganda on that vital quest. He was not content to distribute casual, alms, to encourage cadging mendicancy, to subscribe to charity drives and to respond to indiscrim¬ inate appeals for assistance. The superb tai- ! ents that had created vast wealth were devoted conscientiously to the distribution of his for¬ tune for the betterment of all. His was the splendid economic dictatorship of a Pericles,,*/ Lorenzo di Medici or ah Augustus. \ y The Buff aloTimes PUBLISHED DAILY INCLUDING SUNDAYS A SCRIPPS -HOWARD NEWSPAPER CARNEGIE, DISTRIBUTOR 1 A NDREW CARNEGIE; whose birth a 4 century ago is being celebrated this § ; week both in his native Scotland and his t: adopted America, was not a mere giver, j | but a profoundly wise distributor of mil- lions. Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had i plowed back into America 435 millions of | the dollars he picked up so easily over I here. He kept 15 millions, which proved ’ ample. Had Carnegie’s example been followed \i by other multimillionaires it might not 11 ' have been necessary for the Government now to take measures for sowing the na¬ tional wealth more widely. In a country where multimillionaires: have ceased to be a novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers i and Harknesses are all too rare. Too many $ of the very rich took all their, savings -and, , reinvested them in their own plants, in ft an effort to make more money or for want , of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant so over¬ built that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy what it did turn out. As an earner ■ Andrew Carnegie was gl : rugged individualist, but as a spender he j was a social-minded and broad-visioned humanist. J m itmp|h (fiiiizcn .deceiving' the El tire United Press Asso¬ ciation’s Telegraphic Service, j ESTABLISHED 1886 PUBLISHED BY THE BROOKLYN CITIZEN Fulton, Adams and Willoughby Streets j Every Evening Except Sunday, | TELEPHONE TRIANGLE 6-6700. THE - CENTENARY y ANDREW CARNEGIE 4 Just as Henry Clay was re-\ ferred to as the “Mill Boy of the Slashes;” so one . can refer to Andrew Carnegie as the “Loom Boy of Dunfermline.” It was in this. Scottish village that Andrew Carnegie was born . one hundred years ago and the world torday is celebrating that event as the birth of a boy who became famous. The career qf Andrew Carnegie from loom boy io the head of the biggest privately owned steel works in the world has been mul¬ tiplied many times in other fields of industrial endeavor. But Mr. Carnegie was more than an iron faster. He was the first multi- m.i 11 i o n a i r e industrialist who enunciated the doctrine that the wealth he had accumulated was | his only as a trustee for the ulti- .] mate public benefit. I Carnegie was fine of the few men who lived up-to what he preached from the day he retired ' from the steel business. After : selling out to the late J. P. Mor¬ gan, he began the distribution of' his. wealth in accordance with his own ideas* of where it would do 1, the most good. Like’all Scotch¬ men he reverenced learning and 1 his first thought was to build And ? endow public'libraries, haying in ■ this manner established free pub¬ lic libraries not only in the • United States but in many other l countries. He next devoted bis attention to the Health of the people by contributing millions, to medicinal research, j Always a pacifist and opposed J to war,, Carnegie gave the money j to build the°^¥%iace of Peace at I Tbc Hague and to endow the Cal- j; negie Foundation. ■ As an industrialist Mr. Carnegie; was noted for the many million¬ aires he had created. It was his method to have his chief lieuten- ants share in the wealth which their brains had accumulated. He was not‘altogether successful in his treatment of labor. The | famous strike at the Homestead. mines, ones of the subsidiaries of [ the Carnegie Steel Works, is Still remembered, although not by his , eulogists-. In his leisure moments Mr. Car¬ negie wrote books celebrating the I* triumphs of democracy. He was a born Republican and although he enjoyed the company of kings he remained a Republican all his life. The tributes that are being paid to him are well deserved, for Andrew Carnegie was not only a great industrialist but also a. I great citizen. THE INDIANAPOLIS NEWS | Publisher: Indianapolis News Publishing Co. Published daily at The News building. Nos. 30 and 32 West ! Washington st. Telephone Rijey "7443. Entered 4s second-class mat- ' ter at the postoffice at Indian¬ apolis, Ind., under Act of March 3, 1879. \=? A, CARNEGIE TRIBUTES Indiana has reason to join with the rest of the nation in tributes to the generosity of/Andrew Carnegie, who I — i* ^ ; * -s-x 17_i - _ _ 'Jl i j -l was bqrn .in Dunfermline, Scotland, November 25, 1835. He gave $60, 364,408 to establish 2,811 public li¬ braries in all parts of the world, and 153 of these institutions are in Indiana towns and cities. This total represents main and branch libraries, five being in Indianapolis — the Hawthorne, Madison avenue, East Washington, Spades Park and West Indianapolis branches. No Carnegie money went into the construction of the Central Library. Donations for the Indianapolis branches amounted to $100,000. For the state as a whole, they were about $2,600,000. Carnegie’s first job was as a bobbin boy at Alleghany City, Pa., at $1.20 a week. Later he was telegraph messenger boy, learned telegraphy ancL became an operator for the Pennsylvania railroad. In, 1860 he knew enough about railroading to be superintendent of the Pennsylvania’s Pittsburgh, division and his railroad connections led him to invest in ex¬ press company stocks and in the se¬ curities of a new sleeping car con¬ cern. When oil was found in Penn¬ sylvania, he put his dividends and savings into oil leases and in the late sixties became interested in iron and steel, i More than thirty years ago he retired, one of the richest men in the world. Carnegie’s philanthropic gifts ag¬ gregate $350,695,000. To the Car¬ negie Endowment for International Peace he gave $10,000,000 a,nd' to the Carnegie Foundation for the Ad¬ vancement of Teaching $15,000,000. He created a $5,000,000 benefaction, from which awards are made an¬ nually for heroic deeds. Other mil¬ lions have gone to schools and hos¬ pitals throughout the world, and as the nation approaches the 100th an¬ niversary of his birth it has the knowledge that although he died in 1919, he made it possible for the causes in which he believed to live after him and to continue their use¬ fulness through the years to come. The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) HONORING CARNEGIE. A PPRECIATION for inestimable cultural benefits should be reflected by a nation-wide observance this week of the centenary ,of Andrew Carnegie’s, birth. Tomorrow mapks the anniversary of the day- when the steel magnate and philanthropist was born in a cottage at Dunfermline, Scotland. The name now is familiar to almost every resident of this coun+. try through the hundreds of libraries which dot the land and through the benefactions of various founda¬ tions which derive their support from Carnegie be¬ quests. The activity which touches' most intimately mil¬ lions of our population is the system of Carnegie li¬ braries. t It is most appropriate, therefore, that much of the eurrent week’s program will be centered in library buildings or devoted to that phase' of Hie Scotchman’s philanthropy. Many of the local observ¬ ances will take the form of “Library Progress week. 1 The schools, will play an active part in commemorat¬ ing the outstanding public service rendered by the ironmaster. British dominions and colonies will join in the celebration. It is proper that Indiana should take a leading part in the week’s observance, since it was the chief beneficiary of the Carnegie library plan. That it grasped the opportunity afforded to raise the intellec¬ tual level by widespread public library building dem¬ onstrates the educational progress of Hoosierdom. Indiana fared better than any other state in the Union in accepting the means of improving library facilities. There are 164 Carnegie libraries in this state. California came second with 142, with Illinois and New York third, each having 106. The conditions of Carnegie’s library gifts re¬ quired that a community proyide a site for the build- ihg, possess or obtain books and suitable equipment and pledge an annual appropriation for maintenance. When these assurances v had been made, Carnegie funds provided the library building. In addition to these structures throughout the state, Carnegie built college libraries at DePauw and Earlham and also established endowments for Notre Dame, Wabash and Butler and a building for Moores Hill. The library movement began in 1881, a lime when few Amer¬ ican communities had free, public libraries. In addition to these library grants, Carnegie's wealth did much for schools and colleges, medicine, science, music and other arts. Most of the country is familiar with the efforts of the Carnegie Founda¬ tion for the advancement of.peace and the pension system established for university professors. Many humanitarian organizations owe their opportunities for service to the generosity of the man who learhed telegraphy while working as a messenger boy in | Pittsburgh,- who entered railroading and then' began ^ the career which brought wealth and fame. His life and benefactions are worthy of this week’s grateful tributes. THE INDIANAPOLIS STAR PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK STREETS ^ J / / ^ CARNEGIE AS AN EXAMPLE. A BOOKLET on “The Benefactions o f Andrew C ar- negie,” recently issued by his bio^^pSm^^fvr- ton J. Hendricks, is timely in view of the^^rak the-} rich” and “share the wealth” theories promulgated j Washington and elsewhere. The attitude, of the \ President and some others, if they had been in effect i. a few decades ago, would have made Carnegie’s for-1 tune impossible and his benefactions out of question. ’, Andrew Carnegie’s example, therefore, should bei given thoughtful consideration by those who are- disposed to be impressed by appeals to tax wealth > to the point of confiscation. Andrew Carnegie gave away §350,000,0,00 during! his lifetime and left endowment funds that are carry-]' ing on humanitarian efforts that will be of inestima-j b'ie benefit long after the “share the wealth” clamor? has been forgotten. He showed special interest in the building up of public libraries and gave the funds’? for 2,811 library buildings, to be maintained by the local communities. "He gave millions for the cause of edu¬ cation. Thousands of teachers in the institutions of h-ighet education have been enabled to retire on pen¬ sions paid by a fund he had established. The great Carnegie Institute of Technology was established and endowed by him. He set aside a fund; M $30,000,000 that is being administered in Washing- ; ton to carry on medical and scientific research work.! Nobody can estimate the importance of such a fund; ! to humanity. It makes possible progress that would | not. be attempted otherwise. Mr, Carnegie contribut¬ ed generously to promote the cause of world peace [ and erected the beautiful building in The Hague for ? the use of the World Court and other international] agencies for better understanding among the nations. If we.had had the Roosevelt “so ak the rich” : tax T system when Carnegie was a youth there would not ? today be the libraries, the pension funds, the school and scientific research organizations provided by the ironmaster. There would not even be the great steel] corporation he created, along with others that have? \ followed. They have made quantity production and; low costs possible as well as providing employment for millions. Yet, under the share the wealth theory; Mr. Carnegie and all he accomplished must, have,been mistakes. . ? . "rf :: : 1 a? f/ /faf'*" CARNEGIE, DISTRIBUTOR A NDREW CARNEGIE, whose birth a century ago is being celebrated this week both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise distributor of millions. Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 million of the dollars he picked up so easily over here. He. kept only 15 mil¬ lions, which proved ample. His benefactions in libraries and in health, scientific and peace founda¬ tions “grubstaked a regiment of prospectors on the. frontiers of learning” and understanding. " They will bear fruit in a more civilized humanity for genera¬ tions to come. Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other | multimillionaires it might not have been necessary ; for the government now to take measures for sowing. • the national wealth more widely. In a country where multimillionaires have ceased f to be a novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Hark- ; nesses are all too rare. Too many of the very rich j; took all their savings and reinvested them in their $ own plants, in an effort to make more, money or for ' want of any idea of what, to do with their excess. ; : j That, is why our most prosperous? years found the ' industrial plant so overbuilt that one-fifth of it was i loafing;, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t ’? buy what it did turn out. As an; earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged in- \ dividualist, but as a spender he was a social-minded. : Hpd broad-visioned humanist. . ■ | .. XzL-L't S7 f j. } l a ©* i/j / 7 ^ 7 A Scotchman’s Wisdom One hundred years dgo; Monday Andrew Carnegie was born in a humble home in Dunfermline, Scot¬ land. He rose to become one of the world’s richest men and then to die as one of the world’s greatest bene¬ factors. As the worlc^ honors the memory of this generous Scotchman- Monday, so also, /barring some ■ inconceivable cataclysm, it will honor him 100 years or 500 years hence. For An¬ drew Carnegie gave to the world a. new conception of philanthropy that has wrought deeply into its think¬ ing. Much of the current attitude of governments and peoples toward the accumulation, of wealth may be due to Carnegie’s .conviction that to die rich was a. disgrace and that the pos¬ session of great wealth' created a so¬ cial- responsibility! To Carnegie’s way of thinking, a large fortune could not be created solely by individual effort but was a social increment. Therefore that which society had made possible for one man to accumulate should go back to society. The rich, he thought, should return to-society .that which society . had given. So he devoted the last few decades of his life to dis¬ posing of the nearly. $500,000,000 which he had acquired through his ability- and shrewd, far-seeing in¬ vestments. It is in the manner in which Car¬ negie rid himself of his money that he gave to the world a finef ideal of philanthropy than- it had known before. Carnegie did not give to what the world commonly calls charity. He believed that iridi'spliminate giving' was sheer mischief and Held that no person and, no community could be permanently helped except by coop¬ eration. With the- exception of gifts to former employe?, Carnegie in no wise approached charity. He sought to stimulate mental and spiritual cul¬ tivation, giving to colleges, universi¬ ties, libraries and various funds and commissions that sought to aid men to reach higher spiritual goals. He did not aid churches, except to give organs, saying that he could always ■endorse what the organs said but .could not always endorse what was said in the pulpits. Emphasis was given by Carnegie to a permanent standard of giving. He sought to organize his gifts so that no “dead hand” of . philanthropy would nullify his aims. His gifts will- live on as long as man needs schools and books and peace efforts and stimulation to heroic deeds. That is why Carnegie’s benefactions will en¬ dure as long as civilization endures. Apart from his gifts to libraries and other benefits which this' state has shared with all other$; there are two particular reasons 'in Alabama for honoring this Scotchman who be¬ came the world’s greatest giver. 1 It was Carnegie who created the far- flung steel empire that became, after he sold it for $500,000,000, the United States Steel Corporation, which has extensive holdings in Alabama. And among the many gifts of Carnegie to colleges was one of $600,000 to Tuskegee Institute, for the z purpose of providing a fund that Tuskegee’s president could use to relieve him of ,/ the need of taking time from the col- " lege to direct campaigns for aid. This gift has been of much value to Tus¬ kegee and to Alabama. I the age-herald H T he AGE-HERALD PUBLISHING CO.. Props. ^ The Birmingham Post VV . ANDREW CARNEGIE CC y}t t-yt,t*fV~VK£'U'} £ 7j/f3* A Scotchman’s Wisdom ; One hundred years ago Monday Andrew Car¬ negie'was born in a humble home in Dunferm¬ line, Scotland. He rose to become one of the world’s richest men and then to die as one -of the world’s greatest benefactors. As the world honors the memory of this gen¬ erous Scotchman Monday, so also, barring some inconceivable cataclysm, it will honor him 100 years or 500 years hence. For Andrew Carnegie gave to the world a new conception of philan¬ thropy that has wrought deeply into its think¬ ing. Much Of the current altitude of ^govern¬ ments and peoples toward the accumulation of wealth may be due to Carnegie’s conviction that to die rich was a disgrace and that the posses- j sion of great wealth created a social responsi¬ bility. To Carnegie’s way of thinking, a large fortune could not be created solely by individual effort but was a social increment. Therefore that which society had made possible for one man to accumulate should go back to society. The rich, he though, should return to society that which society had given. So he devoted, the last few decades of his life to disposing of the nearly $500,000,000 which he had acquired through his ability and shrewd, far-seeing investments. It is in the manner in which Carnegie rid himself of his money that he gave to the world a finer ideal of philanthropy than it had known before. Carnegie did not give to what the world 1 commonly calls charity. He believed that in¬ discriminate giving was sheer mischief and held that no person and no community could be permanently helped except by cooperation. With the exception of gifts to former employes, Carnegie in no wise approached charity. He sought to stimulate mental and spiritual cul¬ tivation, giving to colleges, universities, libraries and various funds and commissions that sought to aid men to reach higher spiritual goals. He did not aid churches, except to give organs, saying that he could always endorse what the organs said but could not always endorse what was said in the pulpits. Emphasis was given by Carnegie to a perma¬ nent standard of giving. He sought to organ¬ ize his gifts so that no “dead hand” of philan¬ thropy would nullify his aims. His gifts will live on as long as man need3 schools and books and peace efforts and stimulation to heroic deeds. That is why Carnegie’s benefactions will endure as long as civilization endures. Apart from his gifts to libraries and other benefits which this State has shared with all 'others, there are two particular reasons in Ala¬ bama for honoring this Scotchman who became the world’s greatest giver. It was Carnegie who created the far-flung steel empire that became, after he sold it for $500,000,000, the United States Steel Corporation, which has extensive holdings in Alabama. And among the many jj gifts of Carnegie to colleges was one of $600,000 to Tuskegee Institute, for the purpose of pro- I viding a fund that Tuskegee’s president could I use to relieve him of the need of taking time ! from the college to direct campaigns for aid. j Tills gift has been of much value to Tuskegee j and to Alabama.—Birmingham Age-Herald. Many towns and cities of the | United States are today observing the 100th anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, giver of librar- j ries to communities throughout the nation. • Through the good work of Dr. J. ; B. Whitlock, Eufaula secured one of I these libraries and today a hand- ; some painting of the philanthropist hangs on the walls of the local li- brary. Dr. Whitlock visited Mr. Carnegie at his home in New York and was graciously received by the little Scotchman who rose from poverty to great riches. During his life, Mr. CarnegTe gave away $350,000,000, more than $60,- 000,000 of the amount going to the establishment of 2,811 libraries. He also contributed the greater portion | j of the cost of 8,182 church organs. Mr. Carnegie did not confine his philanthropies to the United States | and his native Scotland; they ex- I tended to England, France and many other nations. Among the records of appreciation cherished by Mr. Car¬ negie is a parchment in strange characters, a letter from the late King of Kings, Menelik, II, of Ethi¬ opia. It rehds: “He who has conquered the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, Menelik, II, King of Kings, Emperor of Ethiop¬ ia. “To Mr. Andrew Carnegie: “Peace be with you. “Mr. Ellis has kindly told me of your nobleness and generosity to all people, and of your gift to the Afri- i can Americans of the United States and your aid to them in gaining a higher sphere of civilization, knowl- j edge, Virtue and morality, and edu¬ cating them on higher planes, of and for which I am greatly interested in and thankful, and may God give you power and strength to fulfill all your good wishes. “Peace be with you. Done in Ad¬ dis Ababa, November 17, 1893.” Mr. Carnegie’s memory will also be ' honored in his native city of Dun- fermline, Scotland, from which he ; emigrated with his family to the tJnited States in 1848 and there will be special programs and exhibits ar¬ ranged by many Cernegie libraries. Eufaula is proud of its library and joins other cities in paying tribute to the memory of Mr. Carnegie for his benefactions in different fields for the advancement of mankind. . iX? o/ / /’ CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL. ■ As the world honors the one .hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie today, it is| recalled; that Talladega was ther beneficiary of his philanthropy in a way . that is said not to have t been duplicated in any other Com- * 1 munityth the country. There are two libraries in the city which he! made possible. The one which : bears his name, the Carnegie Li- \ brary, is at Talladega College, the I well known institution for the ed- f ucation ot negroes. It was built i wholly with funds supplied by the jj Carnegie Foundation. • The other is the Talladega Public Library, to which the Carnegie Foundation made^ a subscription supplemental | to that of our own beloved local l! philantrophist, Mrs. L. A. Jemison, with the result that we have one of the .best libraries in the country for *a town the size of Talladega. ; Andrew Carnegie, who was on e of the 1 country’s first 'great steel masters, was born in an humble cottage in Dunfermline, Scotland, • and came • to America with his family in 1848,. where he amassed a fortune estimated at a half bil¬ lion dollars, most of which he gave away in founding libraries and other philanthropies on. the theory that it was a disgrace to die rich. Andrew Carnegie’s memory hon¬ ored today will be remembered as long as books are read and treas¬ ured. The vast wealth that he Created in the manufacture of cold steel has been given an everlast¬ ing and richer endurance in the ^Storehouses of literature and knowledge which he made possi-1, ble. I yi./-1 ; . y?, / z^y? >5 ■'""” ^ THE CARNEGIE CENTENARY. The good folks of Dunfermline, Scotland, where Andrew Carnegie dreamed as a boy of success and riches, will cele¬ brate the centenary of the birth of that great benefactor, Monday. The people of the city of his* birth have many rea¬ sons to remember him. Schools, swimming pools, libraries, all are theirs, thanks to the philanthropies of the great Scot. The cottage where he was born still stands, a squat gray stone building with a quaint tiled roof. To his memory there stands in this country many li¬ braries, some rich, others poor because .those who benefited from his gift have been ungrateful, set aside mere pittances to carry on his work of educating them and their children. “I choose free libraries as the best agencies for improving the masses of the people,” he once said, •“because'they give nothing for nothing. They only help those who help them¬ selves. They never pauperize. They reach the aspiring, and open to these the chief treasures of the world—those stored up in books. A taste for reading drives out lower tastes . I prefer the free public library to most it not all other agencies for the happiness and improvement of a communty. I am not so much concerned about the sub¬ merged tenth as about the swimming tenth.” A noble sentiment? nobly expressed. But no more mag¬ nificent' than the man’s whole philosophy of life. He he u that the duty of the man of wealth was to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or ex¬ travagances; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants i of those dependent upon him; and, after doing so, to con- I sider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strict¬ ly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which'in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community. A recent news story in the Baltimore Sun told of a unique display in the show windows of the Enoch Pratt Free Library in that city, to demonstrate the library’s destitute condi¬ tion. Two large boxfuls of ragged books, from all depart¬ ments of the library, revealed their decrepitude before the public. A placard told a depressing story of cuts in the li¬ brary appropriation during the last four years. The caid stated that the library was $200,000 behind in book buying. But is that story more depressing than one which can be told of our own library right here in Little Rock ? Statistics on support of libraries in 1934 show that Little Rock with 81,679 population, had .66 volumes per capita, a circulation of 3.49 per capita and the munificent expenditure oi .16 cents per capita on operating costs of our library. There are some enlightenig figures which might be considered on the anniversary of the birth of the- man who gave us our hbrary. ^.' /O. c />A >>" C«iffi61E’S CENTENARY Tributes have been paid; this. , jyveek to Andrew Carnegie,- tils : ca-, ' reer--and bciH'tactions, on the.: oc¬ casion- of the 1’OOtlr anniversary of his birth. i ‘Carnegie was one of those poor- ■'} youngsters who came to this couii-, f try and made a fortune. He did it: Ip thrddgh' hard w.oidc, wate.hing- his.- A opportunities and .making the most; of those ddvelppmehts which , came: .. about - With the -progress of the ’ ::country.. ..He went from bobbin boy in ar. Pennsylvania mill to telegraph; v messenger- boy, telegrapher,■ rail-j vf road .-employe • and a divisional su- • Cjperintendent. 1$ He ‘had faith in American insti- ; "Lotions, Invested his savings, bought I MBSm I fell leases and later engaged , heavily ' in the production of iron and steel, and was possessed of a .large for¬ tune at the time of-his retirement.. , J-ie - was "not only interested in piling- up. his millions, but also in distributing them. He' -parceled tltem '-but' among schools, hospitals and libraries.H© esthhlished- fouh- dat'ions fdr international peace, for advancement of teaching^ and for- heroic, dpeds.- It was-, his ambi¬ tion to die a poor man, and how I successful he was in that ■ under- | taking is .'indicated by the fact that I hid' 'benefactions reached .‘a total of over a third of a billion, and ■par¬ ticularly through his endo\yment-of libraries, schools and hospitdls the benefit .thereof is being. f clt throughout the "country every day. 5 C- - y c.^j y uLc t t C. C U ?.* ~ct. ' c/' — Centenary of Andrew Carnegie 9 s Birth The Andrew Carnegie centenary will be celebrated by the i different Carnegie trusts in the United States and in Great Britain and the British dominions and colonies, and by public libraries in the different parts'-of the world. Out of the $350,000,000 he gave away, Carnegie devoted more than $60,000,000 to library construction work. He built 2811 libraries. These, with the 8182 chttrch organs made possible by his contributions, usually are regarded as the more per¬ sonal of his many benefactions. Carnegie’s memory will be honored on November 25 in his native city of Dunfermline, Scotland, from which he emi¬ grated with his family to the United States in 1848. Other ceremonies will be held in New York, Pittsburgh and Wash¬ ington, D. C., while special programs and exhibits will be arranged by Carnegie libraries. I The New York program will consist of a special choral- orchestral performance on November 25 in Carnegie Hall, which Carnegie built for the cultural advancement of New York City; a formal assembly at the New York Academy of Medicine on the evening of November 26, honoring Carnegie for his gifts in different fields for the advancement of man¬ kind, and a dinner on the evening of November 27 attended- by those associated with Andrew Carnegie or engaged in carrying out hisnequests. The best fields for philanthrophy, and those he entered, were recommended by Mr. Carnegie as follows: 1. A university, mostly maintained by a trust fund. 2. A free public library, provided the community will •accept and maintain it. 3. Hospitals, medical colleges, laboratories, and other institutions connected with the alleviation of human suffer¬ ing, especially with the prevention rather than the cure of human ills. , 4. Public parks, provided the community undertakes to maintain, beautify and preserve them inviolate. 5. A hall suitable for meetings and concerts, provided a city will maintain and use it. 6. Swimming baths, provided a municipality undertakes their management. 7. Churches, provided the support of the churches is -upon their own people.. . . .- ^ y\ p-y* f f ■ ' ‘ - , | Andrew Carnegie’s Birthday Novemebr 25th, 1935, marks the 100th anniversary of Andrew Carne¬ gie, noted, philanthropist. He was the founder of. many public libraries, among them.the Auburn Free Library, founded in 1908. Just recently the Auburn Library received a handsome oil painting of its doner, which now hangs on its walls. ‘ The century of progress in library development frorii the birth of Andrew Carnegie, in 1&H5 to the present time affords contrasts which seems 'extra- ordinary'in view of the comparatively short span of years. In 1881, Andrew Carnegie began his program, of found- lug and aiding libraries by giving a building to bis native town of Dun- fermile, Scotland. In 1890, he gave one to Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, which was his first home in America. Next he gave one to Pittsburg and thus began his library benefactions. In 1117 approximately $65,000,000 had been used to build nearly 3,000 librar¬ ies, 1,600 of them in the United States and Canada, and the balance scattered hroughout the English-speaking world. It is estimated that 35,000,000 people are served from Carnegie | buildings. Mr. Carnegie once said: I “I dohnot want to be known for what I give, but for what I induce ottibrs to jj give.” It was his desire to make his jj gift valuable, not merely because of jj its value in dollars and cents, but be- | cause of the civic interest it created in the library idea. Every community j accepting the offer of a Carnegie j grant was required to furnish a site and agree to supply an annual main¬ tenance fund, of at least ten per cent of the amount of the gift. To the fact that the communities were expected to maintain and develop their librar¬ ies, no Carnegie buildings have been built since 1917. Auburn’s first board of Library Trustees consisted of Dr. J. iN. Ward, Mrs. W. A. Shepard, Mrs. F. J. Locher, J. B. Landis and W. F. Jacobs. Miss |i Body Willits was the first librarian. | Mrs. Shepard is credited with being the first to advocate the establishment of a public library in Auburn. Her efforts were later successful through the assistance of Mrs. W. F. Wildman 1 of Auburn, ’'Miss Kumli of the Cali¬ fornia State,;Library and the following Auburn C'K.y Council: J. W. Morgan, F. J. Lochcy*, W. A. Freeman, W. F. Wildman jjtad E. C. Snowden. The present Library Board is com¬ posed -of the following: W. A. Shep¬ ard, Mrs. T. L. Chamberlain, Orrin J. Lowell, Mrs. K. D. Robinson and Mrs. B. B. Deming. Mrs. M. Kriechbaum is the present librarian. .> ‘ /L^ . 'J.Zf {?$££■:.. i < ' Carnegie Centenary. "-- One hundred years ago there was born in the humble home of a Scottish weaver a boy who j eventually was to eventually come to America, i revolutionize the steel, industry, build up a vast fortune and, in so doitig, lay the foundation for one of the world’s most notable philanthropic [ enterprises. The boy was Andrew- Carne gie. j, This week Carnegie’s centenary is being cele¬ brated throughout the United States. - Cities, Jj communities, universities, colleges, societies and i varjpus other institutions are joining in the ob-j servance. 1 ' - It is an observance prompted, not because Carnegie, was a titan in the world of steel and' finance ; hot because of the tremendous fortune • which he; created. Rather it is because of anj : inspired thought', whichyresulted'.' in the endow-j; ment of the thousands of libraries throughout the i country that bear .his name, and by which he did! more, probably, to spread human knowledge and learning than any man before him. Wherever a town or community enjoys thej : benefits of a public library built from, funds of I the Carnegie trust, there is Carnegie’s memory!; honored. It is a memorial of which any king! might .be envious. I ( ACc,-' Jr, //jj- CARNF.OIE MILLION'S By Science Service Andrew Carnegie, born a hundred | years ago (Nov. 25, 1835), is leaving a more lasting imprint upon the leaves of history through his benefactions for education and science „ than through the millions of tons of steel that have been stamped with his name. In a real sense dollars cannot measure accomplishments in educa¬ tion and science. Money .is fertilizer for viable ideas. But it js significant that Carnegie used his millions for giving sustenance to such important factors in American and international life. It is inspiring to look back and see that the spending of his money was so well done on the whole that the word association with “Carnegie” today is just as likely to be “libraries” or “science as “steel.” / Carnegie’s gifts exceed some $350,- 000,000 but no accurate total is ever likely to be summed. It is not im- I portant that it should be. Of this total, $152,170,000 went to education | through libraries and grants to col¬ leges. The Carnegie Corporation of New York received $135,000,000 as a trust fund for the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and under¬ standing. Scientific research was sup¬ ported by $30,000,000. International peace was promoted with $12,500,000, pensions used $14,000,000 a‘nd music benefited by $6,100,000. Carnegie’s own home town “Dunfermline Trust” and other sentimental gifts totaled $4,100,000. Thus education and sci¬ ence in the broad sense received the bulk of the support. The Carnegie Institution of Wash¬ ington, with its wide-flung and pro¬ ductive laboratories and its sky-prob¬ ing Mt. Wilson Observatory, -i is chief among the science agencies using Car¬ negie money. But Carnegie benefac¬ tions have aided widespread variety of other science efforts. As important as the money he gave is the economic philosophy behind the giving. Rich men, ,he said, have no moral right to their surplus accumu¬ lations. The temporary custodians are in reality “trustees” for the pub¬ lic. As a practitioner of theory, Car¬ negie used 90' per cent of his wealth ,for society. Carnegie Centenary. In connection with the celebration of the ,100th anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, the New Haven Library will join with other institutions of like nature this week. Nearly $65,000,000 was given by the philanthropist and steel magnate so that a larger ■ percentage of the literate, English- speaking inhabitants of the globe, than pre- jj|* viously, could enjoy the pleasures of read¬ ing. Some 1,900 libraries in this country and in Canada were built, endowed or tM. equipped by his money. Other countries m possess 1,100 more institutions which have , benefitted also. It is indeed hard to measure the good which the funds given by him have done for those who love literature but who are not able financially to purchase that which gives them pleaure. Undoubtedly those who have ! profitted are myriad; how many more have found infraction and knowledge in books from free libraries is also hard to ascertain. JSTo one will deny there are, and have been those with huge fortunes which never even in small fraction go to aid society. Carnegie ! is not.in this group; it is said as he grew older he saw the futility of working only to make more and more money. To him there were other, and perhaps less tangible-fac- 1 tors, that helped make life worth living. In ; accordance with this philosophy, he distrib¬ uted much that existence would be a little more pleasant for others. ^ t C ^ \ /< *' y £'*-£*■ HONORING A CANNY SCOT Sterling will join next'M. 0 |hday in an observance, which'will be more than nation-wide, bf an anniversary to remind us of 'the! dullness of our national wit. The occasion will celebrate the m'oniif mental liberality of a Scotchman., ; | The .observance of the birthffey centerinnial of Andrew ^Ca tj aegie ought to be a striking remijbiaer of the privileges and respolfl: aibiljti# of the trusteeship of W|afth; Soling has one of the 2.811 library buildings which were! built, by the late Mr. Carnegie. yT.o be sure, the steel magnate ’J dollars; were matched with splendid initiative and foresight, '- * the part ofMtcrling women. That was one of the fine virtues Carijegie gbiierosity—that it invariably rewarded those w were .willing to work for reward and gave nothing to the slothfu Out of $350,000,000 which Mr. Carnegie gave away, 13101 than $60,000,000 was clevoted to construction of libraries. ThepfL,. « university, the free public library, hospitals, • medical colleger H and the like, public parks, halls for public forums and musical I -" b privileges, swimming-baths, churches, church organs, these we;’ -®® WBKKKM the benefactions which most appealed to Mr. Carnegie., The philosophy which lay back of these benefactions is } expressed in some of the epigrams which will be evidence in'-tt centennial observance next Monday: Andrew Carnegie There Was a world-wide observance of the 100th‘ anniversary of the late Andrew Carnegie, born in Dunferm¬ line, Scotland, on November 25, 1835, and it waS^ting that this recogni¬ tion should *be given to one of the most public spirited and useful men of our times. From obscurity arid poverty An¬ drew Carnegie rose to be one of the really great captains of industry, one of the organizers of the steel busi¬ ness in the United States. He amass¬ ed a personal fortune which, at one time or another, is estimated to have amounted to $325,000,000 which was relatively greaterin Carnegie’s day than the same sum would appear today. Before he died, Carnegie, in keep¬ ing with an openly avowed purpose, had managed to give away' most of .this vast fortune. That sounds easy, but it is hard, when the-^condition is attached that it must be given away in such a manner as td injure nobody, add to promote the welfare of all. That is extremely difficult. Much more difficult, in fact, than getting the fortune in the first place. We know that there are many who. will doubt this statement, but it is at- | tested by every qualified expert. Carnegie searched the world to find, the ablest men of his generation and he consulted them as to the manner in which his fortune should be bestowed on humanity. He did more than any other man of his generation to promote the cause of education! He did this not only through the schools apd colleges into which his millions poured, but through the public libraries which were set up by his trust. He regarded his fortune not as a private reward for his efforts but as i a public trust bestowed on him to promote the opportunity to do good for others, and he used it to that end. Since Carnegie’s time we have sometimes Seen governments spend greater sums without producing good and in some cases, producing only grief. The wisdom of that canny Scottish-American ironmaster is as apparent after his death in the manner of his benefactions, as it was during his lifetime in* the -shrewdness of his . business manage¬ ment. Many men have professed to love their fellow men, Carnegie was one of the few who proved the state- fnent. j rpHE i y) , e , bt of Gratitude I r H a„!C^Lt week bra the in ^ wffl <*»“*• an of Andrew Carnegie whcTdnmitorf anmver f ar -y of the birth Ration and some 3,000 others. d m ° ney to build this insti- memory of Andrew^arnegie^ Ther^i , Shouid " ch f' is h the •ng the serfrfco tu ^ no way of estimat-, mena D nd U women S who saw' h^ r °T nhed * f i Preceded building 0 f^tlie Carne 4 e lil° r SUch an button I lar— a $sstt -A • •-> x x L x CcC. (, i 5 / A GREAT PHILANTHROPIST ’ There is no type of reading,, to ns, any mere interesting .than biography and no more fascinating study than the lives of really great men like Andrew Carnegie . Today, Nov. 25 is his birthday stry< which he p sold to J. Pierpont Morgan, organizer of g XL S. Steel, at a, stupendous price. With h a genius not to be denied, by . means not |;^ too tfendefly scrupulous and soft, he j’J amassed his mountain of money. Then he gave it away. The man who .| brought .on the Homestead strike with all w its misery and blood placed his name on ji $60,000,000 worth of public libraries, p established, the Carnegie foundation; the Carnegie Foundation for Peace, the Car- j negie Hero fund. More than 7,000 church !/ organs in America hymn their praise g because Carnegie gave them existence | and voice, I^ot soon will the world forget that j' phenomenon on which America will pon- der long: the Carnegie who pulled I;: ! together these .millions, and then flung jv; i them back at us. / < rc.-c c ^ t( * l. <. Ji) not named fob C arnegie . One of the reasons for imSsua! interest in the approaching observance of the cen¬ tenary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie by the Savannah Public Library is the fact that the Savannah library is probably the only one in this country built largely j through the employment of the money of I this wealthy man which is not named for 1 him. 1 Savannahians with retentive memories [ will recall how this came about. It is an ! interesting yarn even after these many i years for those who enjoy a bit of remi¬ niscing. When the library was built Richard J. Davant was mayor of the city. The mu¬ nicipality had an interest in the library that was then installed in Hodgson Hall. A campaign was undertaken to secure a public library from funds supplied by An¬ drew Carnegie for that purpose. Atlanta has been one of such beneficiaries and it was the home of the many libraries that carried the Carnegie designation. When the announcement came that the Carnegie interests would supply the money for a library in Savannah the donation car¬ ried the customary provision. It was to | be known as the Carnegie Library. To this provision there was marked and prompt objection upon the part of those in Savannah interested in the library plan.- Mayor Davant and his advisers concluded’ the funds offered could not be accepted with the provision made. There was cor¬ respondence to clear the matter up. It : was finally agreed the library to be built with Carnegie funds in Savannah should ’ be known as the Savannah Public Library, I but there should be placed in a conspicuous j : place within the building a tablet showing ! j the funds for the enterprise came from j j Carnegie’s Jargess, This provision was carried out, and with- j i in the building as it stands today is a tab- : i let with this inscription; “This building is the gift of Andrew! Carnegie to Oity of Savannah. Erected 1915-1916—H. W. Witcover, architect. A. A, I Artley, builder,’' And that is the story telling why this one of 2,811 libraries built by Carnegie is among the very few—and perhaps the sole I one—that does not bear his name. As stated, R. J. Davant was the mayor during whose term the library was erected, 1 j Aldermen E. A, M. Schroder and W„ A. i Pigman were on the commission, and there 1 | were a number of citizens also on it. Carnegie Centenary. Today the 100th anniversary of the birth of i Andrew Carnegie. The heartiest observance of | the centenary is ,in Dunfermline, the Scottish I town in which the philanthropist was born, the \ son of a poor weaver. There, when a child, he f ; peered through the entrance gates at a huge L estate, which years later he was to buy t and j * present the city for a public park, the largest ! in Scotland. Carnegie’s first job in America ' as a . weaver’s assistant paid him a wage of a \ little more than a dollar a week. He gave Rock- | ford, a ptiblic library building with no idea, of | .-course, that it would plunge the city into civil strife. ( . uti /o yh- ^ C j/ CARNEGIE’S BIRTHDAY (Baker, Oregon, Democrat-Herald) In a few days public libraries throughout the United | States will celebrate the one hundredth anniversary j ofc the birth of Andrew Carnegie, who gave $65,000,000 | 1 for building and equipping some 3000 libraries. . Carnegie is one of the American immortals—for one * reason only—the manner in which he gave his money I away. Carnegie the steel magnate is forgotten—the average American youngster of today probably doesn’t know how, he made his money, and that may be why; I he is now honored. | The Carnegie business methods had nothing on earth , . to recommend him. They merited only the'strongest condemnation for they were bad even for that-ruth- . Jess period. Carnegie helped to develop the country ! and thus rendered a service—but it was wholly in- | voluntary. ; When the fortune was made a new Carnegie emerged, the philanthropist who gave a great fortune away in s&ch a way as to do the greatest possible good. He ut was who said it was a crime to die rich and he didn’t; the vast estate was nearly all gone at his death. It lives today in the 3000 libraries he founded, one | of them in Baker. | So 1 Carnegie is still a great man and always will be. j As a steel magnate he is almost forgotten and soon | will be entirely forgotten as the generation that knew him dies. off. He won immortality by giving, whereas | if he had only got he would soon have lapsed into ! j nothing as did most of the other multimillionaires.: I of his time. ;: ! What a lesson this conveys to such of America’s rich ■ men as are wise enough to see it. ry '■. / / A? • The Carnegie Centenary. Andrew Carnegie’s centenary has been ob- j served recently and it is profitable, we think, ! to give thought to the little Scotchman, the j son of an old dwsiffry weaver, who made mil- K r lions upon millions in steel. He had been a E» i bobbin-boy in a textile mill, a Western Union |j A I messenger, a railroad, telegrapher and a divi- j j sion superintendent for the Pennsylvania sys- j A tern. , J When he really struck his financial gait he j j created A0 millionaires, taking them up the , Sj S golden ladder with him. He formed a partner- k 1 ship with Frick because Frick had coke in- ! terests. When he disagreed with Frick he L 1 bought up Frick’s interests. Later, he inter^ J ( ested J. P. Morgan, Sr., and it was the Morgan l; group which bought-the , Carnegie interests | and formed the United; States Steel • corpora- tion. Mr. Carnegie received $500,000,000. ,j in his younger days Carnegie had evolved 3 ‘ a gospel that the man who died rich died dis- j ;) graced. So he established 3,000 Carnegie li- A/, 1 braries and certain foundations and trusts, j He gave away many millions. After he got!® out of steel “Teddy” Roosevelt split up the ; j§ trusts and steel behayed itself better. There 4 were no Homestead strikes. A better system of ethics was followed. When Carnegie found j himself confronted by. the trust system he j liquidated. Too many rivals were developing, j Carnegie was a tugged individualist. When - - he died his estate only/amounted to $27,000,000, I ■ The rest of his vast fortune he gave away. We ; , think his libraries have helped lots of people, j He would not have fitted into our present in- ; dustfial life at all. But wbon we contrast him | ■■! with the elder -Morgan or with the present Mr. !j Morgan, the advantage lies With the weaver’s j son. The present Morgan would not give the | Metropolitan museum, his father’s great collec¬ tion of art treasures which had been on j exhibit. He sold every piece, arousing the re- ; jsentment of New Yorkers. Mr. Carnegie made j ! a lot of money. But he gave away most of it. j ' The former bobbin-boy belonged to the period of an expanding America. He had j < planned to retjre at 35 with an annual assure^ j * income of $50,0001 But he didn’t do it. Labor |; . at one time regarded him as the “big J ■ M wolf” of industrialism. But he had his good j . 1; points and they should he remembered. I n The CMnegie Centennary. “I choose free libraries as the best agencies for improving the masses of people because they give nothing for nothing. They can only help those who help themselves. They never pauperize.’' Thus did Andrew Carnegie, who was born one hundred years ago today, explain his benefactions to public libraries—almost $65,000,000 given to build, endow or equip nearly 3,000 libraries, 1,900 of them in the United States’ and Canada and the rest scattered throughout the English-speaking world. It is interesting to recall that when the Lincoln library was founded in 1904, Mr. Carnegie contributed $75,000 to the $10,000 raised in the community. His, picture has been put on display in the local institution, but far more an honor to him is the service the library performs, having in the past year a circulation of 700,000 for its .125,000 volumes. 2 Zl Vt L I THE CENTENARY OF CARNEGIE’ . In the minds'of some of the pre^Tf genera¬ tion, Andrew Carnegie symbolizes i rather legen¬ dary character, perhaps-such is the obscuring influence of time and tide in our generation—but he is still held -in affectionate memory by the many who recall his humanitarian creed, his un¬ swerving devotion to the priciples of democracy and peace, and his large and varied contributions to civilization in his life time. These thoughts suggest themselves as we note the announcement of the forthcoming celebration of the centenary Of his birth, in November. That the occasion will be suitably observed in the United States, goes without saying, it would be hard to find a community of any size in the country which has not benefited to some extent by his broad-gauged program of benevolence. The Carnegie libraries are everywhere, and their 1 names and their service to the public continue to show forth his admirable contributions to the social ord^K In his life time, Andrew Carnegie- the “iron master,”:; gave away nearly $350,000,000—mostly to the United States, his adopted country, and to Scotland, his native land. There are six Ameri can Carnegie Trusts, and four Scottish Carnegie Trusts—including the famous one with The pro¬ visions in aid of the four leading universities of Scotland. While libraries were special objects of his interest,, .he also contributed largely-to art galleries, music centers, laboratories and other instrumentalities of knowledge and culture As the New York Times points out, at this time special attention may be: called to his “gospel,” which he preached and practiced, his “theory,” which he made a reality, of the responsi¬ bilities of wealth—responsibilities to be volun¬ tarily met and not left to governmental com¬ pulsions. Apropos of his contribution of $350,000,000 for the improvement of mankind-inpercentage of I his fortune, 90 per cent, for public use, while I \ retaining 10 per cent for himself and his heirs—I ‘ the Times says, "This was no ‘unconsidered im-i provization.’ When he was only 33 years old he I Pledged himself to give away each year his ‘sur- pms’ for benevolence. This he made his ‘duty’ k and it became not only his personal contribution • to the social problem, but a persuasive example F for others” in the ex ecutio n of his noble purposes, j iliiiiS /C t,o n Ui - .__ __ ( /i, //o'S' Remembering Carnegie Yesterday was the 1 00th anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie and there were many tributes to his memory. Accounts of this man’s life really portray two CarnegieS—-the hard-headed, close-fisted business man/ and a steel king who fought competitors without pity, grasping every dollar that could be made to come his way, and then warm-hearted philanthropist who gave away the enormous sum of approximately $435,- 000,000 for the good of humanity. When one reads such a book as “Robber Barons” in which Carnegie is pictured as a fierce and merciless fighter for industrial pow¬ er and money, it is hard to reconcile him with the Carnegie who wanted to give every young person in America a chance to get books from free (libraries, who endowed the Carnegie In¬ stitution of Washington for the advancement of knowledge, established a Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, built the Peace Palace at The Hague, established the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, created a Hero Furid and gave liberally to many other good causes. While Carnegie didn’t die poor, for he re¬ tained a few millions, he seemed to be a para¬ dox, because in spite of the fact that much of his life was spent in the mad pursuit of dol¬ lars, he did not appear to value his wealth for its own sake, but for the good he might do {with it. Carnegie, a highly practical man, thought he could promote international peace by en¬ dowing the Cause strong enough to make it felt. It was a great ideal he had—world peace —but the World war came along and seemed to place it further into the background. Look¬ ing over the world today, one does not see peace, but swords. In spite of this dark picture, however, Car¬ negie’s movement on behalf of peace, and many like movements under other anspices, have helped to create among the masses a desire for peace stronger than has ever been felt before. The nations seem to be drifting toward war, but even the most belligerent among them, except Mussolini’s Italy, claim that their warlike measures are defensive and that they really want peace. THE GREATER GIFT “This building was made possible by the munif¬ icence of Andrew Carnegie , who gave $25,000, and by the public spirit of the townspeople, who provided the site and half the cost of construction and maintain the work of the library by annual I tax.” Thus reads a bronze plate in the hallway of 1 Aa the Kewanee township library, something per- j haps unnoticed by thousands who stroll into the ty building annually. It is well that the late Alex- j ander McLean and other interested citizens of % T i Kewanee in February of 1901 knew of this rich IJ man who wanted to invest the fruits of one of f the world’s greatest fortunes. They wrote the I 7 J benefactor and received the $25,000 which started the local library. j Strangely enough it was this Andrew Carnegie, |H whose birthday is today celebrated throughout the world where libraries rear their cultured heads, who once wrote: “Man must have an idol—the amassing of | wealth is one of the worst species of idolatry— •!; no idol more debasing than the worship of money. | Whatever I engage in I must push inordinately; jj therefore should I be careful to choose that life A which will be the most elevating in its character. I To continue much longer overwhelmed by business S cares and with most of my thoughts wholly upon i‘ the way to make more money in the shortest time, must degrade me beyond hope of permanent re- Ki covery.” It was such a philosophy which inspired Car- ip negie to give away in his lifetime $350,000,000, m amounting to some 90 per cent of his fortune, Jp principal as well as interest. Such distribution of wealth, for the purchase of books and installation of libraries in order that they might pay continual interest in. the H education of the citizenry—the best and only hope SI far peace in the world—is the best defense against |g views of the shortsided individuals who would do || away with all wealth through levelling-taxation a^d who would make all charities public rather HH thaV private. Too often this public charity is of the (lole nature, inspiring no thankfulness on the fli part of the recipient. The 35,000,000 people who today receive li- brarv service from 3,000 Carnegie buildings can testify to the greater private gift, a di$- || tribution of “surplus” in promotion of that which P| can never be taken away—education. ions on the centennial of the birth of Andrew Car¬ negie, who came to the United States to win a for¬ tune in steel and In later years devoted his life iff philanthropy. In towns and cities all over this country there stand libraries as monuments to his feeling that the possession of wealth placed upon him the ob¬ ligation to serve* But in industry is where the influence of this Scottish immigrant is felt most. He was a leading figure in an era that ushered in the steel age, with all the changes in social and economic life of the civilized world that the rise of steel has brought - 'pjt - ^^,<,/-■ .' fTrUc Carnegie Centenary : j Today marks the centenary of the birth I of the late Andrew Carnegie. The occa- | sion will be fornwdly' -observed in many 1 communities of the United States as well j as throughout Great Britain.' There is good reason for this in view of the fact that ■j there are few parts of this country which . have not benefitted in one way or another i through the philanthropy of the old iron I master. In life, this thrifty Scotchman, who came to the United States as a poor immi- grant boy and who, at the time of his death I | left one of the world’s great fortunes, had I his critics. He was accused of bei^g a soul- I less money- grabber, but if this were true, I he at least knew how to put to good use I the money he amassed. Therefore, he could j not have been soulless, j Pittsburgh, with -sits belching blast fur- | naces which illumine the. night with their flame, typifies the business life of Andrew 1. Carnegie. Yet we do not look upon the I steel and iron mills as forming the monu- 1 ment, of this great industrialist. Rather, we | think of him in terms of culture, for. when lit carrie to disposing of his wealth, he did ] so with the idea of adding to the world’s I learning and its appreciation of the better I things. If every part of this country is par- • | ticipating in the Carnegie centenary, it is \ because in virtually every part of the coun¬ try a library has been built with money, provided in part at least','by Mr. Carnegie. No finer philanthropy has ever been be¬ stowed upon a people than that which has endowed them with the treasure of good books. Only recently we had occasion to speak of the Rockefeller Foundation. Comparable with this is the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Learning, through which many American colleges and uni¬ versities have been enabled to do work which otherwise would have been impos¬ sible. We like to think that it was Andrew Carnegie’s own idea that provision should be made for men who, having spent the greater part, of their lives in the teaching profession, were ready for retirement and well deserved rest. Few of our smaller col¬ leges can pay salaries to their professors that permit of adequate saving for tfye eve¬ ning of life. What a comfort it must be to | these devoted men to know that Mr. Car¬ negie thought of them and arranged that ; as emeritus professors, their salaries should continue. Wealth we are told, is a, sacred trust to be used wisely and well, by its pos¬ sessors. We feel that Andrew Carnegie was fully cognizant of the responsibilities his fortune placed upon him. ANDREW CARNEGIE ANDREW CARNEGIE, WHOSE 100th birthday | anniversary occurred 'Nov. 25, was a radical, an extremist who didn’t care who knew it or who cared. It is not customary to rate steel billion- tj aires as radicals, but the messenger boy who be- | came the first great steel king Of America was S one of the deepest dye. Mr. Carnegie was one of those pioneers whose touch turned everything to gold. To term him a Midas of America is not an exaggeration but a plain truth. He had a genius for making money and more than that the time and place were pro- i pitious, so propitious that even before he was 35 he was a rich man and long before aid age he had § uncounted wealth. But Mr. Carnegie, unlike the smug barons of industry, banking and business who grew up to be the titans of the last quarter of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th, was not impressed by the importance of his wealth as a personal possession. It was only a trust, reasoned ;i this Scot who began with nothing and thought that was a good conditioh in which to die. As a trust | it should be distributed for the good of mankind. Mr. Carnegie did not like the term “philan- | thropist,” it is said, because he preferred the ap- pelation “distributor.” That became his task after j : he had accumulated stupendous millions, to dis- j tribute them wisely where they would do the most to advance man’s enlightenment and happiness. | The phrase “distribution of wealth” which gives | so many men of wealth the shivers in our day and | time struck no fear in Andrew Carnegie. He made : the task of distributing his wealth his major pre¬ occupation. Public libraries, the peace movement, educational institutions, foundations — all humani¬ tarian causes—received his potent aid. A man like Andrew Carnegie could no more j| cease to accumulate wealth than he could, volun- ji tarily cease to breathe but he could and did react | differently to the piling up of great riches than- | did any man of his time. To use a. New Deal ex- pression he “plowed back” into the nation from | which he had extracted his wealth a great portion | of it because he thought that by that process he g could best serve his fellow man. How much men with vision like that are needed in today’s world. mtlE CENTENARY ‘He carAe^fo a land of wooden houses and left it,a nation of steel” is the striking title of a tribute to Andrew Carnegie published by the United States Steel Corporation and reproduced upon this page. The centenary of Carnegie’s birth is being celebrated this year and nothing^ls^more needed today than a good look at this Scotch boy who helped so largely to make America the great nation which she is. Let everyone, from the President clear on down to the rumbles,t citizen upon relief, stop long enough to make a fair appraisal of the life of Andrew Car¬ negie. Born in an attic in Dunfermline, Scotland, a, hundred years ago this week, neither he nor his parents wee in dispair because of poverty. The Tug- wells and the Frankfurters and all of the. rest of the Abundant Lifers would tell you that nothing good can come out of such miserable quarters as that Dunfermline attic. Where a man starts; is far less important than where he finishes. Scotland has made many contributions to America but the best of them concern the fact that humble beginnings are neither a disgrace nor a serious handicap. The Scotch 'are made the butt of much super¬ ficial humor because of their frugality, yet the qual¬ ities which distinguished the Scotch and the Puritans: were the effective undergirding of Yankee ingenuity; they brought undreamed-of prosperity to America Industry, and economy upon the part of a God-fear¬ ing, courageous people is a better guarantee of suc¬ cess than the mere fact that there are no slums and all of the people are comfortable and wel-entertain¬ ed. Andrew Carnegie had a good chance to be an underprivileged boy, but he did’not stay that way. When America again strikes her pace she will have a place for every forgotten man. That place will be provided by private initiative—not' through govern¬ ment planning. After Andrew Carnegie rpade his pile he set the perfect example. He'qtJTT^ork himself and allowed younger men to be advanced. Then he de¬ voted his life to distributing his surplus. Fairfield has two public libraries each of which, was erected with Carnegie money. That was marvelous justice for an agricultural section of the country thereby got back at least a part of what it had paid to make the Pennsylvania steel towns prosper. Lets have a Carnegie commemorative stamp—one that lauds in¬ dividual effort, frugality and hard wi^rk. y ■ /(, 6 - C / 1-^0 .' - ANDREW CARNEGIE The Rockwell City public library, along with several «fher public libraries founded by Andrew Carnegie, have made special efforts to observe the hundredth anniversary of the great Scotchman's birth. One of the greatest philanthropists of his time, or •of all time for that matter, Andrew Carnegie gave approximately $65,000,000 to build, endow and equip public libraries. He gave money to build 3,000 libraries in the world, 1,900 of them in the United States. In addition to the dignified buildings one sees in the various cities of the country, his philanthropies made it possible for schools of library work, educational funds, etc. Carnegie believed that a true democracy could exist only where the common people, the great laboring mass of people, were not enlightened. The backbone of a democracy, so he thought, depended on the educa¬ tion of the masses. He believed that an intelligent democracy could not exist unless the people who made mp that democracy were enlightened. Modern pepole, used to having books at their elbows whenever they desire them, too often value their local j libraries too lightly. Books, to our ancestors, were prized volumes and lucky was the family that had even a small, limited library. Take away the local library and think what a loss f the community would suffer. During the Thanksgiv¬ ing season we give thanks to Andrew Carnegie for his great generosity. Q A *■ >-• V* W ( /X. Jfe. CARNEGIE CENTENARY ' ' Yesterday marked the centenary of the. birth of. Andrew Car- 1 A negie who in the lush days of America, fan his wealth into the gg hundreds of millions of dollars—and then gave them away like pea-,JM nuts. So here in America the people celebrated the centenary oi the birth of that great man. There actually'was a Scotchman whoj,,' vave away money. The moneyfthat Mr. Carnegie gave away was not given awayj foolishly. Most of it was used to help build public libraries, to form endowment funds for worthy institutions and to actually es¬ tablish such institutions where needed; • Many Americans, especially of rising generations, take the] name “Carnegie” for granted. It is blazoned on literally thousands] of libraries and other'institutions founded by this great benefactor.: The people beyond the Spanish-American war period should know];, ^ something of the man who alternately amazed and amused man kind. Mr. Carnegie was a many-sided ' individual. His biogra-j J phers have not been able to agree on many points because of the $ •many sides this late genius had. ' j-J Much of Carnegie’s life was dominated by the will and thej | ability to make money, though in his ancestral line there was noth- j mg. to indicate extraordinary financial ability. At making money he. | accomplished his goal far in excess of his wildest dreams. I hen! 1 he deliberately about faced and started giving his money away for ? purposes lie deemed good for the best interests of his fellow men.; 1 * * * If students of economics today are casting about looking for: jj an example of that much referred to ‘‘rugged individualism,” let; • them look into the record of Andrew Carnegie. While he depend¬ ed on -“key” men to do much of his important work, his word was Cj law. And while he did not actually pull others up the‘golden lad-i | der of success after him, he allowed them to follow part way up.j Thus lie created some 40 young millionaires- -his “partners.” ] . j j Carnegie was. denied the privilege- of a liberal education in his; | youth. This bothered him greatly, abater in life he felt the lack of education greatly and became determined. to do something^about making it more easy for the masses to acquire knowledge. This is|| responsible. for his heavy contributions to public libraries. s (A Carnegie Made his money in iron and ste'el and was known asj ® ; hard'task-master. .In crushing competition he was a past mastet. ^ But he later became mellow on this subject of money. After his : oeath .a little homily he penned a half century before came to light.; Concerning money-making, it read: ' i “Man must have an idol—the amassing of Wealth is one of the v worst species of idolatry—no idol more debasing than the worship, cf money. Whatever I engage in I must push inordinately; there¬ fore should 1 be most careful to choose that line which will be the! A most elevating in its character. To continue much longer over- || whelmed by business cafe .and with most of my .thoughts wholly \ippn the wayyto ni*kt; *U^re m^tivy in tin: shortest. ui*io. umat de-.i m grade me beyond hope Of permanent recover)'. 1 will resign- busi- ,f ness at 35, but (luring-the.-ensuing two years I wish to spend the} O afternoons in receiving instructions and in reading systematically, f The above indicates the trend of thought of a great, financially ; successful man, a man who 'is inclined to view with awe his money- j 1 getting proclivities and then, cjtrick 1 y to make resolutions to salve j p his conscience. That it was little more than salve at the time it; was written, is indicated by*the fact that the author of those pious, lines did not follow that program at once, but heeded parts of it j A much later,in life. . A „ r A. A -.'M -Before f he died in 1919 Mr. Carnegie had scattered $350,000,000 ior the beiieftt of the public and created a pension fund of $4,000,- ; v 000 for his ‘workmen. The self-indictment over the accumulation; .A of great wealth-beyond p-ersorial needs is largely‘ responsible for 3,000 public libraries being built throughout the country, all bearing™ the great benefactor’s name. _ • . i A It is well tb read biography occasionally. The biography oi] g;] Andrew Carnegie will be found most interesting. Would that more|| great men of wealth m this country could se;e the light as Car¬ negie saw it and dispense with their surplus wealth to the great i benefit of mankind. Q C CL ) THE WAY OF CARNEGIE Next Monday, the one hundredth anniversary of th< birth of Andrew' Carnegie will be observed in West Lib¬ erty and other centers whose libraries were made pos¬ sible by hr 1 yiftiftr--—hny who came to this country from Scotland when he wag thirteen, he gained his education in a free library, and in his philosophy that education is the foundation of a successful life, he gave some $60,000,000 for the establishment of such in¬ stitutions here and elsewhere over the land which adopt¬ ed him. Although he amassed a large fortune, Mr. Carnegie Was in no way a money worshipper. Iiis charities did not always meet with whole approval, as he believed that the individual should make his own effort. Mr. Carnegie’s part was in providing opportunity for those Who are willing to try, and taking his own Ife as an ex¬ ample, his reasoning was profoundly sound. To be it is only guesswOrk: What would young Andrew Carnegie do if he were getting his, start under ‘present circumstances? But it seems very reasonable to believe that he would do now, just what he did then: Get himself some good groundwork of ideas, combine ' this with his native determination, and tackle the job. It is not difficult to imagine that Pittsburg, Pa., in 1850: did not offer many soft jobs, of short hours and big pay. Andrew took the job of messenger boy, pick¬ ed up telegraphy, kept oh with his reading —and kept on going. And that ’s the story of most successful men. < , It is fitting that West Liberty take opportunity to remember this man and'his works in our behalf. We might gather on the steps of the library which his money built, and cheer until the farther skies gave back their echoes; and that would not please the spirit of Carnegie. We took his money which he offered in evidence of his hopes in our behalf; why not pay him back in kind, and dedicate our efforts to the plan which he proved so suc¬ cessful? , Monday, November 25, will b e a dandy good time to set ourselves a little more closely to the task, believe" anew that understanding effort is what counts, forget a little more definitely that some indefinite ‘‘they” is responsible for our welfare or failure. A poor boy from Scotland did that way, and “got |dong” to the extent that he was able to give away some 350,,000,000,in charitable effort to give those of his fel- bwmen who are willing to try, greater opportunity for better and broader lives. ^21-* <■ ; / fj .go-' ~ A VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANT IN A “SHARE*-THE-WEALTH” PROGRAM. Andrew C arne gie was born 100 years ago this month inlTweaver’s cottage in Scotland. .Speaking of his humble beginning, The, Americana says: None even of the mighty makers of their own fortunes began closer to absolute zero; certainly none who have owed their subcess not to for¬ tunate speculations, but to steady labor, sagacity and self-culture, the natural working of the high¬ est powers on opportunities open to‘ all and less to him than most. When he was 10 years old, Andrew Carnegie received 20 cents. a day as., a 1 bobbin boy in a Pennsylvania power loom factory. Steam loonjs had brought poverty to the Carnegies and prompted them to emigrate ys America. This month people in all English speaking ! parts of the world will pay tribute to Andrew Carnegie’s memory. «* ! Andrew Carnegie favored , a "share-the- i wealth” program. He not only favored it. He put it into practice. He did not, however, believe that a “soak-the-rich” tax program was the prpper medium for redistributing wealth. ; Carnegie provided the funds for 1,946 free public libraries in the United States. Waterloo ; is one of the few cities having two Carnegie li¬ braries. It is appropriate that Waterloo should take especial interest in observance of tl^e Car- iriegie centenary. r ccl . EVERYMAN’S EDUCATOR Announcement of the proposed “open house” that has been arranged for the Iowa City public library on November 25th, brings ‘Jis face to face with a realization we too sel¬ dom note—what Andrew Carnegie did for communities in which he established'public libraries. The celebration in November marks | the centennial of the great donor’s birth, and ! is a fitting date for the ob^fervance, of his i gift to humanity. I 1 Like most other civic projects, public lib-! raries have come to be taken for granted. !i 'They afford us knowledge, give us entertain- Ihent for leisure and lonely hours, lead the j community in cultural advancement, and yet we are inclined to regard them as if they ai¬ rways had been there ready to serve us. ' I . , It was Carnegie who had the wide vision ^ to see what the public library could do for a r community. He valued popular education as a basis for enduring civilization, but he did not see that popular education confined to schools. It also Was to be. placed where peo¬ ple from all walks of life;might avail them- -selves of it. Hence the public library. Because he had this vision, almost every Community of any size today possesses a .public library, the beginnings of which were given to it by Andrew-Carnegie. It is well that we pause every: now and then and re¬ flect what that gift means in community life, i It is not something to be taken for granted, but a legacy for which we need to be con-- finally And profoundly grateful. f A. i t ANDREW C ARNEGIE'S C ENTENNIAL. Monday next, Nov. 25, takes on a general interest by reason of being the 100th anniversary of Andrew • Carnegie. For Carnegie influenced greatly his gener- ^ atioh. His was' the story of the poor immigrant groV/n immensely wealthy .and powerful, the builder of an industry, origin a tor Tf methods and an organizer who changed the industrial maps. Carnegie repre¬ sented a period, more than that, an epoch in American industry. --i ’ But Andrew Carnegie deserves and earned a high place in another field. . Grown rich he turned in the, way that then occurred, to him to public benefits due that public from those who by reason of opportunity Lgain great wealth. This generation;; reads in hundreds j pf towns the name ‘"Carnegie” on its public libraries Tt was natural lor the Scottish immigrant, denied in his youth the educational advantages- he deemed requi¬ site, to - complete citizenship,, natural for him to center his ^earlier efforts of', beneficence uppn libraries. The | greit&t thing Ah drew Carnegie did was to accept th e * responsibility of gteat wealth toward the public that had contributed it for service rendered, a service which Carnegie held to be co-equal between wealth and .those who had contributed ,to opportunity to create a real fortune. , ; ' Carnegie meant it when he held himself as a ' trustee and that, huge surpluses jbf personal- riches ’should be used to promote human welfare. If he was not the pioneer he' was the afpej practitioner of f that conclusion. JFor Carnegie gave away or rendered ^fciack, if,you will, 90 percent of his wealth. -His public -"benefactions grossed $350,000,000. [. Qne third of a ; Million. How much his example influenced' the elder ■"Rockefeller to tfle world wide benefactions of that other hugely “rich man” is not to ‘be’.known, or esti¬ mated; Nor should it be analyzed except perhaps that they and'-other huge gifts to public welfare followed the lead of Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie- has been dead 17 years. He had-retired from business activity long before. His;lifetime marks,; a marvelous period in advancement of human stand-' .ards in living, in industry, in trade and in charity and human help. His . industrial activities may be re¬ stricted to 50 years, a half century which placed this country in t,he leadership of the world- From the great fortune that Carnegie gathered, and from Car¬ negie’s sense of -human responsibility originated the J Carnegie “gospel of wealth”. When you pass your Carnegie library Monday give thought to the Scots immigrant who built it; and to the -problem whether charity, human help arul.recogni- tjon of human need is likely to become more wide¬ spread or current, among us individually by a regi- I, , men ted “distribution 1 of wealth” or; by “the gospel of Carnegie”. > ‘ . s ...4 -yyX.^ HA. -x =? F. / f •?' The Mail Of Steel .mmunities all over America are ob- serving the anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, great American bene- , factor who made the public libraries in i sections of the country possible. • Mr ’ Carne gie .have b een un- ; veiled and various otW^remonies in recognition of ' the man who Was born in an attic in Dunfermline, Scotland a hundred years j ago November 25. With his parents he crossed the | Atlantic in a boat which took 7 weeks I to cross. He made the ocean journey ; m a wooden boat, lived and worked in wooden structures but before he had reached middle age he lived to see steamships of steel, automobiles, office buildings and steel railroads replace those of wood. The fortune he made in steel has benefited the entire U S ... _ 7U ANDREW CARAJ^J^^DNOREfT The memory of Andrew Carnegie is being hon¬ ored this week, specially, because this is the week in which his birthday anniversary occurs. Were he living he would have been one hundred years old the 25th of November, 1935. He was born in Dunfermline, Scotland. He came to the United States at the age of 12f and went to woi’k as a weaver’s assistant in the Pittsburgh area at about a dollar a week; a year later he took a job as a messenger boy for the Ohio Telegraph Company in Pittsburgh; he learned telegraphy and worked for the Pen¬ nsylvania K. R. company as telegrapher and was advanced to the superintendency of the Pitts¬ burgh division. His story is pretty well known to mosf of our people. JHe eventually landed in the steel business, introduced the Bessemer process of making steel into the United States was active in the oil business and amassed a great fortune. Then he became a philanthropist—and, a philan¬ thropist who knew how to give money away. One writer ^peaking of ^Andrew Carnegie’,s benefactions says of h { m that he “transformed giving, from an Ml .developed art into a well regu¬ lated science;” His benefactions have exceeded in amount those of any other American. In 1912 he gave away in this country o\*v $130,000,000.- 00. It was given away intelligently and the ■ evidences of those gifts will re mem to honor Mr. Carnegie as long as this civilization exists. His business career was through a pei>d when ‘ ^ A A-i) >^ 4 ; VISIT YOUR PUBLIC LIBRARY 1 Perhaps no other Iowa City “open house” i is more important to this locality than that [ being held here tonight by Mrs. Jessie B. j Gordon and the staff of the. public library j in commemorating the 100th anniversary of | Andrew Carnegj^ls birth. This is in con- j junction wfffi similar celebrations of Car- | negie libraries all over the world, who are | observing the birthday of their benefactor ; this week. Iowa City residents will have no better op- ! portunity to learn of the activities of their j public library than to visit it upon this occa-$ sion. Many of the library’s patrons realize to the full its wide scope of service, but there are thousands of people who have not, for one reason or another, learned at first hand 1 the library’s assistance to its community. These people will be made heartily welcome along with the regular patrons who also will pay their respects to the Carnegie memory. Many prominent low,® City names are con¬ nected 1 with both the early and later history of Iowa City’s public library. It was estab¬ lished in 1897, but it was the Carnegie gift of $35,000 in 1902, through the efforts of I Congressman Martin 'J. Wade, that made the j present building possible. It is one of the 1900 libraries Mr. Carnegie built, endowed of equipped in the United States. Under the direction of the library board, Mrs. Gordon and her associates, the public library is equipped to serve the Iowa City community in a more extensive 'way than has ever been possible before. Its open house for tonight is only one means of mak¬ ing the public more and more aware of what its own public library means. Iowa City’s response to this invitation will be its ex¬ pression of appreciation for such service. there was no restriction upon a man’s ab'tfty toi accumulate, just so long as he kept within thef law. The criticism of Mr. Carnegie’s busings j methods. will be based upon his treatment of.! labor. 1 In common with all other steel companies ; -'and practically all other manufacturing companies ; of the day when Carnegie was accumulating hi* j great fortune, labor worked long hours at pa> that was much lower than the pay rates of 1 today i Mr. Carnegie took conditions as they were and succeeded iin a business way w h e r t j thousands of others failed, or never tried—and | thus avoided failure. He was a business genius I just as some others are geniuses in scientificjl achievement, in art, in politics, or in war. I-T started to scratch along with many millions oi ij othars artd left the millions behind. The saint! aptitude that advanced him as a telegrapher from | an ordinary key man to the supertntendent of •» | division, advanced him from a small business \ man to a multimillionaire. Then he became a philanthropist and it is as-jj sumed! by many that at heart he was, always a humanitarian, with his vision set to the building of better things, better conditions for posterity. He expressed his ideals in the following language; “ ‘This, then. held to he the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shun¬ ning display of extravagance.; to provide moderately for the, ; legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after do¬ ing so. to consider 411 surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is be«t. calculated to provide the most bene¬ ficial results for the community—the.' man Of wealth thus becoming the mere trustee and agent for*Jits poorer brethren.’” it is the consensus of a great many good authorities that the philanthropies of the Carnegie and Rockefeller Foundations and others of the same kind 4iave been more helpfully applied, in so far as humanity is concerned, than could that money have been applied in any other way, or by any other agencies. The summary of benefac¬ tions in amounts of $2,000,000.00 or over during the first thirty years of this century reveal that, inhere were fifty-four donors and the gifts were appropriated about as follows: “22 per cent of the gifts above $2,000,000 were for education; , 18 per cent were for cultural needs .— libraries, music, books, woi*ks of art; museums and the restoration of historic places; another 18 per cent went for the relief of human distress through hospitals, oiThanages, homes for the aged and a multitude of other things; 15' per cent was so widely scattered as to defy classification; 2 per cent went for promotion of scientific research apart from universities, medical institutions and engineering (schools; 2 per cent went for the promotion of world peace, and 20 pe r cent wont for general beneficence to be spent through gi’eat foundations.” Among Mr. Carnegie’s gifts was one of $10,- 000,000.00 to the universities of his native coun¬ try, Scotland . Tt came as a great surprise to the people! of Scotland in view of the fact that Mr. Carnegie had never enjoyed any of the oppor¬ tunities of college or university life. It will be pretty generally agreed that Mr. Carnegie’s ideals, as expressed in his statement of the obligations of the wealthy, are being realized in a very pract¬ ical manner It is well'for us, and for the world that Mr. Carnegie; himself, before his death pro¬ vided for the intelligent distribution of his wealth. The world is better today because he lived in it U yesterday. t-b-'Vt-l .. /i t>-~\> o *& WEALTH WISELY SHARED One hundred years ago today there was born to humble parents in Dunfermline, Scotland, a son, Andrew Carnegie, who in later years, after coming to America, rose to a dominating position and accumulated vast wealth. The story of Carnegie’s climb to a position of influence in this nation is one which has been duplicated by many a poor immigrant boy in many , phases. In its final chapters the story differs from that of many of the others. That difference lies in the use Carnegie made of the immense fortune he accum¬ ulated. Today, in the light of current agitation by various and sundry leaders of movements to share the wealth, Carnegie’s history is of more than usual interest. For Carnegie did more than study ways to make wealth. 'He also studied ways to give it away. Alijp; therein, he distinguished himself equally as much as*he did in its accumulation. It is estimated that of the vast fortune he gathered, 90 per cent was passed on to varied philanthropic, educa¬ tional and kindred agencies. His benefac¬ tions are reliably placed at something over ; a third of a billion dollars. ■ Compare the results obtained by Car¬ negie’s philanthropy with the objectives outlined by some of the current clamorers for a new distribution of wealth. One re¬ cently deceased disciple of the theory based his appeal for political support upon the premise that such a distribution would mean several thousand dollars for every individual in the land. It was not explained satisfac¬ torily, exactly how this division was to be accomplished so that everyone would re¬ ceive his or her portion, nevertheless the plan attracted no small following. It almost goes without saying that the motives of some such enthusiasts are open to the suspicion that their interest is based more upon what they stood to receive from the proposed division of wealth than the service which would be rendered mankind. Carnegie operated upon an entirely dif¬ ferent basis. It was his view that as the owner of a huge fortune, he should serve as a trustee and that the distribution of vast estates such as his should bring im¬ provement in human welfare. He acted accordingly—and instead of .-- - -- ■ / m J _ ; '** m*****,. > - . 4 ' placing his fortune in the hands of waste¬ ful theorists or politicians lacking practical knowledge, he established organizations to accomplish the ends he sought. It is by virtue of this farsightednesss on the part of the Scotch .steel master that’ there exist today such organizations as Carnegie Institute of Technology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Carnegie En¬ dowment for International Peace, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teach¬ ing, Hero Fund Commission, and Carnegie libraries in hundreds of American cities. It would be impossible to estimate how many millions have benefitted one way or another from the generosity of Andrew Carnegie or how many more will benefit in years to come through agencies he estab¬ lished,, for the dissemination of knowledge, for research into causes and cures of dis¬ eases and for scientific investigation in other fields. It can only be said that the number is* tremendous and the influence vast. Carnegie has been dead for 16 years. His influence, by virtue of the wisdom exercised in selecting means to share his wealth con¬ tinues undiminished as it. is destined to do for many more years. Today, as a busy world notes the 100th anniversary of a benefactor’s birth, it is in¬ teresting to speculate on how many of the current crop of share the wealth advocates will be remembered when the 100th anni¬ versary of their birth rolls around. Not many, we venture. Libraries are a most valuable part of our edu-j cational machinery. This local library has a dis¬ tinct potential value to every man, woman and child I in this city. If some citizen owned this building and its contents by virtue of a v deed it would not be valuable to the owner as it is in its present public status. As the institution is now owned, by the public which includes everybody, it is more valuable to each individual in that public than it would be in private ownership. Its rich resources are the property of ever^y citizen in the community. Any¬ thing in the institution which any citizen may de¬ sire and can use is his or hers for the asking, in¬ cluding the help of a corps of trained assistants. So far as Carnegie could go in this direction he sought to make available to every citizen in this country the learning of the ages. This possession is tre¬ mendously valuable—to those who use. CARNEGIE. !hdrew Ca rn egie was born 100 years ago on Nov. 25, 18357 tHTs earthly career terminated in 1919. It would be exceedingly worth while if col¬ leges and public schools would because of this an¬ niversary use a brief biography of this man as a text book for the inculcation in the minds of our young people of sound American economic principles. Born in Scotland, nurtured in the atmosphere of thrift, came to America in 1848, found a job as an assistant to a weaver in a cotton factory with a sal¬ ary of $1 per week. This is the story of the be¬ ginning of Carnegie. At 14 he became a telegraph messenger. He used his spare time to learn teleg¬ raphy. He obtained a position as an operator with the Pennsylvania railroad. In successive promo¬ tions he became superintendent of a division of the road. He became interested in oil and steel. Dur¬ ing the civil war he served the government with rare skill and efficiency. He used this same skill and foresight to build one of the largest fortunes ever amassed by any citizen of this country. He be¬ came a millionaire. A man of broad vision he planned disposition of his wealth for the benefit of his fellowmen. The machinery for this disposition was set up with the same skill used to accumulate these millions. Our public library, stored with the rich literary resources of the ages, was the gift to the community of Carnegie. A scientist visiting the highlands of Scotland met an old sheep herder. He invited the native to look upon a fern through a microscope. The herder, was amazed at the beauty the glass revealed. He was chagrined because through his whole life he had been crushing these beautiful plants with his coarse boots. When Carnegie came to America with his Scotch thrift he looked through a microscope and saw there marvelous opportunities. . Literally he envisaged the world at his feet. With never failing fidelity he used his time to gain knowledge. When he earned money he used it in part to provide the neces¬ sities of life and in part to inv.est and to multiply. Nothing uncanny in the record of Carnegie. He used just plain common sense. He traveled far in the accumulation of wealth. In so doing he helped rather than harmed others. Looking backward now over this Carnegie rec¬ ord what do we see? Complete justification of what socialists call the capitalistic system and the fundamentals of the American constitution. Op¬ portunity presented itself to Carnegie. He had the wisdom and foresight to grasp and use. In so do¬ ing he did not infringe upon the rights and oppor¬ tunities of any others. Restrictions, restraints and handicaps imposed upon Carnegie would not have helped those with less vision, less thrift and less energy. We also see in this record a complete re¬ futation of the socialistic claim that the wealth of the world is rapidly concentrating in the hands of a few people. Carnegie was conspicuous in his day ,s a gatherer of wealth. In his day he was a jogeyman to the followers of Karl Marx. They followed him through all bis years to the end of life. Then they quit his trail cold and sought other live wealth gatherers to serve as their bogeys. e three most worth while utilities among hu¬ mans on this earth are the churches which strive to connect humans with divinity and with the di¬ vine plan and purpose for humanity; the schools which seek to train our hands, broaden our visions and through education make life more worth living and more servicable to God, humanity and country; Carnegie didn’t take a dollar of his vast ac¬ cumulations with him when he crossed the Great Divide—not a dollar. He left it all. The socialists ignore this pertinent fact in the case of Carnegie and all others like him. He left millions to work in perpeuity for human welfare. But if Carnegie had never constructed a library or endowed a foundation his money would have remained when he departed to serve mankind in industry, or some other useful way. The socialists never admit that death is an ef¬ fective agent in the redistribution of wealth. They seek the votes of the masses by proposals to con¬ fiscate the earnings of citizens while they live and then if any residue remains at death take that over also. ' They are totally blind to the fact that those who use intelligence, thrift, energy and foresight to do things in life are a great benefit and not a detri¬ ment to those who travel in the same direction at a slower rate of speed. These fellows claimed while he lived that he was a robber baron. Now we clearly that he was one of the greatest benefactors jof humanity this country has ever produced. We cannot make people equal by legislation. We jmight create a state in which there was no oppor¬ tunity for a Carnegie to exercise his talents. But, ■|how would such a state help the fellows who had (less talent to develop and less energy to expend? You do not increase the speed of a slow horse by hospitals where human bodies damaged and im-i handicapping a faster one with excessive weight, paired by all manner of afflictions are restored to|l Y o U cannot aid a slow accumulator of wealth by health and strength. Jj excessive taxes imposed upon the fast ones. Jc/l l l tsrL&nA. . a>a, n v-) c> 4 sha«!ng^®he "wealth' Next month the one* hundredth anniversary of Andrew Carnegie will be observed. Naturally [will be observed particularly in , the hundreds of libraries throughout the United States that bear , his name. Those libraries stand as a memorial to one of the few very great fortunes ac-? V 1 * Cumulated in the .United States a major part of which has gone [: for disinterested public service. Name the Carnegie libraries and the Rockefeller benefactions to education and health and the list is not far from complete. There are such things as the Hunting- ton library, the Field museum, and the Morgan library, but they scarcely fall in the same classifi¬ cations. If Carnegie and. Roockefeller were more typical 6f their peers, there would be far less demand in this country today for penaliz¬ ing income and inheritance taxes. So many of the conspicuous for¬ tunes have gone only for the ac-. cumulation of still more money or for the splendiferous support of the founders’ descendants that the general feeling has inevitably de¬ veloped through the years that such stores of wealth in private t hands are socially undesirable. Such fortunes as those of 'the l Goulds, the Vanderbilts, the As- tors, and the Morgans have been | conspicuous in this respect. Had they contributed a few less steam;'; yachts and titled sons-in-law and a few more hospitals and libraries, : ,.Uiey|.would not be running short If of. breath today just half a jump ] ahead _of -the tax collectors. .■ a c.. // //d j ; » HE TRANSFORMED GIVING INTO A WE]LL-REGULATED SCIENCE. Numerous and varied tributes have been paid' to the memory , of. Andrew Carnegie re¬ cently, but none has been' more fitting than one voiced in New York last week by James Irvine, principal and vice president of St. Andrews uni¬ versity of Fife, Scotland, when he said: He (Andrew Carnegie) builded wisely, for he acted on . the simple basis of belief in human nature ... No doubt he made mistakes, but where he erred it was thru excess of zeal or by reason” of un¬ due faith in others. He was indeed the father of giving on the grand scale and more than any other man of his time he transformed giving from an ill-developed art into a well-regulated science; above all, for the reason that he regarded be¬ nevolence as a duty, there was no savor of charity to make bitter the acceptance of his gift .... Others have followed his example and the combined effect of the large spending trusts now operating for the general benefit of humankind is beyopd our calculation. Andrew Carnegie did more than build li¬ braries to bring the knowledge for which he thirsted to the doorsteps of people everywhere. He “transformed giving from an ill-developed, art into a well-regulated science.” As a result, the philanthropies of our Rockefellers and Henry Fords are more prac¬ ticable than they might have been without Mr. Carnegie’s example. * Unfortunately, there are some philanthro¬ pists whose bequests are ill-considered, whose gifts are as useless as if they had been scattered to the winds. In fact, sometimes these gifts do more harm than good. But Mr. Carnegie's contributions to the world still stand as a monument to his integ¬ rity in the ar.t of giving wisely. It is doubtful whether he will ever have an equal in, that re- , speck • Monday of this week was the 100th anniversary of the ; birth of Andrew. Carnegie-who bn 1 ’It a fortune of $350 mil- | lions ahd gave most of it away. He built 2,900 libraries and endowed a number of institutions for the advancement of sciehee-ancf education. It is significant, that it was in the building of his fortune that he contributed the most to civili¬ zation. The development of the steel industry has effected every other industry and every phase of life through the | enormous industrial progress of the past half century. The life of this great indus^riahst stands as a bulwark of inspir¬ ation for those who seek to preserve this democracy and de¬ fend it against an ever growing socialistic and communistic threat. c Cl A £ A ; - CCm *' § :: e£ / fs Aft*" THE! C ARNE GIE ■ CENTENNIAL The 10 Oth anniversary of An¬ drew Carnegie’s birth will be celebrated Nov. .25, with a num¬ ber of ceremonies in his nativejj Scotland and in this country. Carnegie’s name will live through the 2,811' public librar¬ ies he built arid gave to the com¬ munities in which they were con¬ structed at a total cost of $60 000,000. Nor was this the ex tent of his contributions. He gave the money for 8,182 churcl organs, and in all gave away $350,000,000 for schools, hospi tals, scientific laboratories, pub- 1 lie parks, swimming pools andj community halls. Carnegie believed in the edu¬ cation of the entire people. “The! most imperative duty of the; state,” he said once, “is the uni-i ? versal education of the masses.! •’ jNo money which can be usefully I spent for /his indispensable end!, should be denied. There is noj insurance of nations so cheap!;, as the enlightenment of. the peo-j pie.” He believed in reading, say j . ing that “a taste for reading,’ : drives out lower tastes.” He had deep hatred for war, - sayingj ; -that “the killing; of man by man, 1 as a means of settling , interna- tional disputes, is the foulest blot; upon human society, and so long .; as men continue thus to kill one ‘another, they have slight claim! to rank * as civilized.” Carnegie held as the duty of a| man of wealth “to set an ex-j Ample of modest, unostentatious] living, shunning display or ex-g travagance” and to consider his ( wealth “simply as trust funds, Which he is called upon to ad¬ minister, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in i '\e manner which in his judg- :; ent is best calculated to produce e most beneficial results fob ie community.” j Carnegie would have been im-i; easureably shocked by the! jectacle of George Vanderbilt’s scision to be a millionaire loaf-i .’ for life, or by Barbara. Hut-j m What’s-Her-Name, in keep-jf is titled foreigners in tlie style], ) which they have been accusf Dined, e-c . . O' / / \J *” ' But perhaps his gifts that have; brought the richest blessings to the people, blessings in which the peo-j pie of Leavenworth have scared,j was his contributions for the build-; ing of public libraries. He spent sixty-five million dollars m this workl i and established 2,800 libraries. Mr. Carnegie was a great reader; and a reader of good books He held that there was no other use to whi . money could be applied that would produce greater good. He, himself bad benefitted by the generosity of a wealthy man of Pittsburg, who opened his library to the poor boys of the city, and he said that _ one boy in each library is ric would profit half as much from the libraries he established as e from the library of Col. James An-, derson, he would feel abundantly re- uaid. In his old age he. said he owed to the owner of this library “a taste for literature which he would not exchange for all the millions that were ever amassed by man. It is well, therefore,- that today,! the libraries in. hundreds of cities, and the conductors of institutions for the benefit of mankind in many} parts'of the world are celebrating 1 ; the birth of this great man, and it. Would be well if all Americana wealth. Mr. Carnegie held to the shou i d unite in doing his strange doctrine that a man is on* memory reverence—for besides his ■ | the custodian of the wealth that ■ bene f ac tions, he stands out as an f comes to him and that, it is dis-, example Q± wh at America, under the | graceful for him to die rich. We are, government established by our fore-; not informed as to what his wealth cgn dQ for a boy who has, amounted to but have the^ impres-, ^ qualities G f greatness m him.. I amouiucu i-u -- . sion that he realized more than nalt a billion dollars from the sale of the steel works. He testified that he found the dis tribution of wealth a greater work than its accumulation had been. His first care was for the workmen of the steel works, who had helped him accumulate. He provided for pen¬ sions for them and built them a great library. Then he began the careful and in¬ telligent distribution of the remain¬ der of his property. His benefac¬ tions were too numerous to mention in a short article; but among the larger gifts were two million dollars to the Church Peace Union; one and one-half million to the United Engineering Society, 850 thousand dollars to the International Bureau of American Republics; and he gave 125 million dollars in a lump to estab¬ lish the Carnegie Corporation and la¬ ter made this corporation the residu¬ ary legatee of his estate. Its purpose was to aid technical schools and other institutions of higher learning. It still is carrying on great work- Just this past week it distributed;* gifts amounting to over five hun¬ dred thousand dollars among five women’s colleges in the East. c )\/c a “Books are keys to wisdon’s trea¬ sure, Books are gates to lands of plea¬ sure, Books are steps that Heavenward lead, Books are friends,—Come: let us read!” For a number of years libraries have celebrated ‘Book Week’—dis¬ playing and calling especial atten¬ tion, to good books for young people. This year the time designated is the week of Nov. 17-23 and the theme is ‘Reading for Fun’. Fortunately, there- are many interesting and at- U -tractive books on the fall lists — A , books that ensure that their read¬ ing will be fun. This year is one of several important anniversaries in the world of books and libraries. In the first place, Nov. 30 is the 100 anniversary of the establishment of the first Childrens’ Library in America at West Branch, Mass., on , Nov. 30, 1835. It was made possible by Mr. Ebenezer Learned who left a bequest “for the purpose of estab¬ lishing a juvenile library,” Nov. 25 is the 100 anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegi e to whom so. many indebted for fine library buildings; and the loved author of “Tom Sawyer” and Huck¬ leberry Finn” was born Nov. 30, 1835. As one feature Of the celebra- ji tion of this centenary Harper and | Brothers have selected ten of the J most widely read of Mark Twain’s 1 books and have published them in a j new and unform edition to sell at j teatk dollars for the ten. mmm ———.- f.A lA-t-As' ' . <.- a € C'Cjl K^j- //, 7 /'''•>. //' I GARNECHE MARK TWAIN. To the Editor of The Courier-Journal. It is interesting to recall that II Andrew Carnegie and Samuel L. 11 Clemens, whose birthday centen¬ aries tall in the same week,’ .\yere friends who met frequently, over II a period of years, for literary dis- H licussions at the salons Carnegie! . | liked to hold for the “gods of - the'|- literary world.” Carnegie was born November 25/1835, at Dunfermline, Scotland, Mark Twain was born five days later at Florida, Mo. Their paths did not cross until one had ac¬ quired wealth and the other liter¬ ary fame. They chanced together on an ocean voyage and thereafter remain sufficiently close acquaint¬ ances for; Mark Twain to com¬ plain, on one occasion, that he had loaned Carnegie a quarter and the steel king had not yet paid, it back. In an article!written when Clem¬ ens died. Carnegie related how the.; author , attributed to him, at the time of their first' meeting, the idea for “A Connecticut Yankee At King Arthur's Court,” which [Mark Twain obtained from a read¬ ing of Carnegie’s first literary ef¬ fort, a spread-eagle dissertation on America entitled, “Triumphant Democracy.” One of Carnegie’s remarks, which reversed an old adage and disclosed ' why Carnegie did not believe in diversifying his indus¬ trial interests, was quoted by Mark Twain in “Puddin’head Wilson”: “Behold, the fool saith, ‘Pu not all thine eggs in one basket’— T which is our manner of saying, | | ‘Scatter your money and your at-1:■ tention’; but the wise man saith. ‘Put all your eggs in one basket !• i§ 1 1 and — watch that basket’.” During Mark Twain’s illness, his physician prescribed pure whisky, which Carnegie provided WBEMSi from the old Scotch he kept on | hand. A little later, when Mark H Twain heard how Carnegie, a lifc-h; -long abstainer, ice while walking Andrew Carnegie’s Cenlim? IU VV V^cu lJCgiC, cl , had slipped on the B ung in the park, and § 8. ’•■yjlB' 1 ' 'IB-' had sprained his knee, he dryly || :. W ' remarked, “Mr. Carnegie should^ have sent me all his whisky.” New York. C., C. Today is the centenary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, the millionaire steel maker, who began his career as a weaver’s bobbin boy and who had disbursed in ben-, ^factions at the time of his death, 16 years ago, the huge sum of $ 350 , 000 , 000 . j Lexington, which has a Carnegie library, will join the nation in silent tribute to the memory of the man who, accumulating riches faster than he could give them away for practical purposes, said “The man who dies rich dies disgraced.” In spite Of his efforts to die “poor,” Carnegie had ap¬ proximately $150,000,000; unspent at the time of his death. Not all men of means hoard their wealth, and Andrew Carnegie is, but one Of Amer¬ ica’s wealthy citizens who have given mil¬ lions to worthy purposes. Not all of them, however, expressed the belief, as did Car¬ negie, that the rich have no moral right to their surplus accumulations and that their excess wealth should be used for Society. Andrew Carnegie’s life-story reads like a. “best-seller” book of. fiction. Born in -Scot- j land, as a boy he operated a hand-loom in | his father’s factory until steam looms j brought poverty to the Carnegies and they i emigrated to America, settling in Allegheny I City, Pa. Andrew, then 12, got a job in I a cotton factory as bobbin boy at $1.20 | a week. He was promoted to engineer’s j assistant, stoking the boilers and running the ' factory engine. At 14 he became a messenger boy, and shortly afterward pro- 1 cured employment as clerk in a railway I office. He became superintendent Of a divi- i / sion of the railroad and here made his first [ ,000 in a joint. venture to develop the $ 200,0 “sleeping car.” But as a boy in the cotton factory, his | one bright and never-forgotten experience! was to have access to a library of 400j books contributed to the workers by Col., James Anderson, of Allegheny. Thus Car¬ negie’s appreciation as a boy that was translated in later years to millions in ben efactions to libraries and other institutions! created an inspiration- that has extended * to other benefactors and into wider fields'! that even Carnegie’s millions could •each. JUJ a <$- “ANDY” A T DUNFERMLINE, one hundred years .ago, Andrew Carnegie was born to a poor family of-Scottish weavers. He died sixteen years ago, his name a house¬ hold word among English-speaking peoples,. his ■ benefactions world-wide and his philosophy of life more familiar and better understood ! than the * U . CARNEGIE, DISTRIBUTOR ^NDREW CARNEGIE,, whose birth a cen- both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but a wise distribtrEm of millions. Baforerhe was 75, the old ironmaster had nloweU bac k into America 435 millions of the dollars^nTpucked up so easily over here. He. kept 15- millions, which - proved ample. His benefactions in libraries and in health, scien¬ tific and peace foundations “grubstaked a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of learning” and understanding. They will bear fruit in a more civilized humanity Tor gen¬ erations to come. Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multimillionaires - it might not have been necessary for the government now to take measures for sowing the national wealth more widely. Too many of the very rich took all their savings and reinvested them in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant so .overbuilt that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor tha-t they couldn’t buy what it did turn out. Ill 1 i gj . u. v : s } - ’? ', tl / ,> ■ ■ .. WSg&B teachings of a Ricardo, a Karl Marx or a John Stuart Mills..' He had made Scottish thrift proverbial in a land of plenty. He had sought to bring books in libra¬ ries within the reach of all. He had left some memorable, pithy sayings, such as, “Steel is either a prince 1 or a pauper.” And he had developed, rather than preached, the theory that it is a crime for a, m&n to die rich. In the name of Andrew Carnegie stand founda¬ tions and organizations to distribute his millions with sound judgment. Public libraries carry, his* name to the remotest corners of the globe and owe their existence to his discriminating gifts. And his ; monument, in which J. P. Morgan must be in¬ cluded, is that giant enterprise—the United States Steel Corporation. Wljat manner of man was this before whose tomb millions of his fellowmen offer actions of thanks? He was homespun and hard-bitten. He had been in his day; dour and dread. He neither gave quarter nor asked it. He loved, with an almost comic sentimentality, Scotland and her pipers, her plaids and her zeal for education. He‘aped or 1 envied no man. He had made millionaires: out of plain men like himself, the Fricks, the Schwabs,; And to his hist; breat% he taught and believed that America is. the land of opportunity so long as America is true to her traditions. 1 tMHH c k jL Lcf^iitc (/ pL^O. c5f, /f^S Carnegie Week The'jcentenary of the Andrew Carnegie, whose ous"'gift of $10,000 in 1903 was ^responsible for the present Shel- ibyville Public Library, was ob- I served Monday in the city by the I unveiling of Carnegie’s portrait, j Perhaps the world never again ! will see such a figure as this noble ; Scot. Born one hundred years ago ;j in a little hamlet in Scotland, he started at 14 years of age in a cot- i ton mill to amass millions of dol¬ lars, most of which eventually was to find its way back to the American people in the form of. donated libraries, hospitals and similar necessary institutions. How this youngster rose from a bobbin boy to a messenger boy, thence to railroading and finally being the cornerstone of the bil- lion-dollar U. S. Steel Corpora¬ tion, which today has a capacity of more than forty per cent of the domestic production of steel ingots against the thirteen per! cent of the nearest competitor, I | would have been an epic in fic-; tion. Even if he had chosen to do | nothing except make money and save it, his rise to power, would amaze us for years to come. Yet, this canny Scot lived by the rule: “He who dies rich dies disgraced.” And in spite of the fact that he contributed over $350,000,000 to libraries, hospitals, j schools, colleges, medicine, sci- ■Wee, music end other arts, he 'died with $ 150 , 000,000 unspent. •Today, in addition to these bene- factions, the Carnegie Founda- tion is famous for the advance-! ment of peace and the pensmn system established for university | professors. . Shelbyville is not alone m its appreciation. Hundreds upon hun dreds of other cities and towns likewise have felt the touch of such inestimable cultural benefits supplied by this magnificent man. -His life and contributions to the human race are worthy of this week’s grateful tributes. _ J ' "Vo CARNEGIE WEEK pie centenary of 'the birth of Andrew Carnegie, whos'A generous j gift toa&jgsponsible for the Somerset Public Library, was observed last 1 week with the unveilingjvf 'Carnegie’s portrait that hangs in the reference | room of the library. '“ The original ''poffPSTT^as painted! by Luis Mora land the reproductions are framed ' for permanent display in, library I lobbies. Carnegie came to' the United States November 25, 1848; from Dun¬ fermline, Scotland. Between 1881, when he built his-first library'in his home town, and 1917, when his gifts^ ceased, Carnegie donated 2,811 public libraries, including 1,946 in the United States. Out of the $350,- 600,000 he gave away, Carnegie, devoted more than $60,000,000 to library construction work. V. Perhaps the world never, again will sqe such a figure as this noble Scot. He started at 14 years qf age in a- cotton mill to amass millions of dollars, most of which eventually was, to find fits way back to the ,| American people in the form of donated libraries, hospitals and similar. | necessary institutions. I How this youngster rose from a bobbin boy to a messenger - boy, thence to railroading and finally being the cornerstone of the billipn- | dollar U. S. Steel Corporation, which today has a capacity of more than f orty per cent of the ‘ domestic production of steel ingots against the - thirteen per cent of the nearest, competitor, would have been an epic in fiction. Even if he had chosen to do nothing except make money and’save it, his rise to power would amaze us for years to come. Yet, this canny Scot lived by the rule: “He who dies rich dies dis¬ graced.” And in spite of the fact that he contributed over $350,000,000 to I libraries,, hospital, schools, colleges, medicine, science, music and other! arts, he died with $150,000,000 unspent. Today, in addition to these benefactions, the Carnegie Foundation is famous for the advancement! of peace and the pension system established for university professors. I Somerset is not alone in.its appreciation. Hundreds upon hundreds? of other cities and towns likewise have felt the touch of such inestimable] cultural benefits supplied by this magnificent man. } Andrew Carnegie A ndrew carnegie, product of scot- lantirwHoIe'^fitemry is being celebrat¬ ed this year, might properly be deserbied as j one of the sincere advocates of the theory that / wealth should be shared. The average advo¬ cate today is-a have-not who wants to divide j with him who 4ias. Mr. Carnegie was a very J rich man who came from utter poverty to j huge wealth, but made bold to declare that 1 ] it was a disgrace for any man to die rich. He landed here in 1848 a penniless boy. He . ] had his first employment as a bobbin-boy in ! a cotton factory in Allegheny, Pa. He worked j | hard, made steady progress and ultimately . | became head of .the Carnegie Steel Company. 1 ; 1 What that meant may be judged from the , fact that when Mr. Morgan organized the j United States Steel Corporation the latter in ; 1901 paid $200,000,000 for Mr. Carnegie’s j I company. As he made his way up, of essentially bril- \ lliant mind, Mr. Carnegie studied‘deeply .the | j question of a rich man’s obligations and- ; i evolved his doctrine -. of the trusteeship of ] wealth. It was that a man of wealth should j ! live modestly and make reasonable provision for his dependents out of what he had ac- j cumulated and then hand back to society the j balance of what he had taken from it. H IS doctrine wasn’t the gesture of a poli- | tician or demagogue seeking to delude ! the people with impracticable and impossible | j propositions in order to obtain their votes. ; I He made good. He gave away $350,000,000 | [ of the wealth he possessed and died poorer | j than he had lived. He gave to art and science, I | to create libraries for the people, one of which | we have in New Orleans; to the promotion of | world peace, to the reward of heroism, to the j ■ \ general betterment of society. I if he were living today, President Roose- jvELT’s social security legislation probably | would have his enthusiastic support. We are jsure Dr. TOWNSEND’S wouldn’t, first because he would know that even the richest nation in the world could not possibly put it into | effect and, secondly, because, imbued with his Scottish sense of thrift, the proposition to give people $200 a month without having to work for it and then compel them to spend every cent each month would be outrageously uneconomical. Andrew Carnegie Anniversary. Widespread observance this week of the 100th anniversary i0 of the birth of Andrew Carnegie is being made the occasion for many interesting articles dealing with various phases of si his career. . There was real romance in the history of his industrial V.v; .career, to the success of which his wealth was due. But the : '' canny Scotsman will go down to fame primarily as a great philanthropist, interested above all in the cause of education j a benefactor of schools, colleges and teachers and of libraries! If he became rich in more than ordinary degree, he used his wealth for the benefit of the people in the ways mentioned and ? in the fostering of various forms of research. It was distributed widely. Thus McGill university in Montreal, Canada, has been enriched $1,238,800 by Carnegie’s benefactions covering a broad range of educational develop¬ ments. From Dumferline, Scotland, the place of his birth,: comes testimony that there is hardly any one in the little city that has not shared in some form the benefits of his generosity. Institutions all over our own country have good reason to honor him. All of which causes us to wonder what \yould have hap- | lf Andrew Carnegie had been made the target of a soak- the-nch policy. At least it is safe to say that there would : be no celebrations this week in his honor. " C ARNEGIE AND' The sum of years drawn out to'the! figures of a. century presents an occa¬ sion difficu.lt to leave unrecognized. g It is the present year that is to see celebrated the .one-hundredth birth- { day of the late Andrew 'Carnegie, the Scotch boy, who became an cutstand- ’ ing figure in the business and public ■life of America. As great wealth fol¬ lowed in the years of activity his gifts fj multiplied in equal character,, espe- f daily indicated in the form of public : libraries,, of which 2811 were donated * in the English speaking world. Cur city of Rockland, as our people ; i’ know, was included in this extraordi-; ■| nary list of beneficiaries, and it: is to i the vision and munificence: of the : Scotch, boy Who came to Americai j without a cent that we owe the beau- I tiful-stricture that graces the slopes | of Beech street; ; The celebration of this centennial i S is to have the country-wide recogni- >> tion on USTov. 25, 26, and 27. • In con- . nection with the occasion the 1 Car- | negie Corporation of New York is to i ^ send to each of the libraries bearing | ■j the name a reproduction of the por¬ ts trait of ;Mr. Carnegie, by Luis Mora, J framed for public display. It needs hardly to be said, that | I Rockland’s Carnegie Library will re- ;! ceive the portrait with deep appre- :> | elation and give to it and the notable *; I day it celebrates a .grateful and toe- ■ 1 coming recognition! . ZiLy OUR LIBRARY 1 // 2 - C /yf. iJi . H ANDREW CARNEGIE From a Scotch bobbin boy at a little more than a dollar a week to a fortune, estimated at its peak, at $400,000,000, and then leaving an || estate valued at $23,000,000 after giving away the ■ bulk of his fortune, is the financial history of Andrew Carnegie; • - Andrew Carnegie’s early life was dominated by the, will to make money. His ability along ll this line was soon evident. But in later years H Carnegie .turned a sharp about face and with | equal determination he gave the greater part of tune away. His methodical manner of 1 making money was followed in the disbursing I I of ..it. s ■ 1 ‘ Carnegie’s business career cannot be praised 1 all details by liberals, but the distribution of § his fortune for purposes which he deemed for the gfeate ( st good of his fellow men was far I above the understanding and the ability of most multi-millionaires. The Laird of Skibo was a many-sided genius. U&L. hu**: of //rfo' The Uses of Wealth t . Notable in the various celebrations in this ■' and other, countries of the one hundredth an¬ niversary of the birth of A ndrew Carneg ie are i f the two features of his risefromT^hu mble birth in a weaver’s cottage in Dumfermline, is Scotland to the prominence of an American in¬ dustrialist of great wealth and his distribution f-j of 90 per cent of that wealth to colleges, libraries, museums and other institutions of 1 1 permanent value , and influence on millions of j people in generations to follow. Neither of these features in Mr. Carnegie’s r career can be said to be unique for'American j history and biography abounds in the careers ‘ of men who have risen from humble, conditions to : wealth and Influence. In fact, most of those I who are esteemed as the greatest in our his- j tory have grown to greatness from conditions I of seemingly scanty opportunities, r Nor was the Carnegie philanthropy unique, ‘ save in its diversity and widespread influence for the cultural benefit of all classes, poor 1 and rich, perhaps more importantly the former. Billions have been distributed through tlae philanthropies of many men in the past cen- . fury of this country, and these gifts and en- • dowments are a living influence in., helping people to make the be$ of their opportunities ; to make the best of themselves. | This phase of our American life, important ! . as it has been, acqi^res special significance at ’ this particular time because of the theory in ; the present Administration of our national Gov- j . ernment that it is not only unethical but agains.t I public interests for men to amass wealth to .Joe given largely to schools, colleges, libraries, 'churches arid various 'institutions permanently ^Serving the masses of the people, r The assumption, is that the times' and con- I ditions demand that wealth ‘ production be so taxed, thpt large fortunes cannot be gained arid I ...that revenue shall go to a Federal bureaucracy : Which, it is claimed, can make more equitable ' ■rise by . bounties or other distributions to cer¬ tain classes that have lagged behind or failed in ttie larger development of the country. ;• The ‘forgotten man’ of the'President’s campaign' solicitude may be the man who, like Andrew Garnegie,' is not weakened by doles or boun¬ ties but who. in reliance on himself has grasped limited opportunities at the start to go on broadening them into a life of rich benefits for wide and lasting influence. One of the best expressed of many speeches in connection with the centenary of Andrew Carnegie was that of a Virginia editor, Douglas Freeman, of the Richmond News Leader, at the celebration in the wonderful Carnegie Mu¬ seum in Pittsburgh. He held that private phil¬ anthropy had done for the people what Gov¬ ernment would not and could not do, that, permitting men of power to acquire and dis¬ tribute wealth is far more advantageous tj the average man than taxing wealth . out o’! existence and that. American experience doe: not show wealth of itself perpetuating a dynasty with undue power. l. Speaking of the great endowed museums, he] | said that the men- who had put these treas¬ ures “where the humblest may see them and enjoy them gave to the Nation something that Congress would never have acquired so long as there- were raucous organization minorities to satisfy or pork barrel appropriations to win votes.” \ The truth of this should need no demonstra¬ tion, yet m this year of the Carnegie,centenary we have in the Administration in Washington | the proposition that, no matter how wisely men) ; making the most of their opportunities may use I. wealth and power, it is in the public interests I to set limits to business by regimentation and; | taxation on the false assumption that wealth . is necessarily used to hurt others. ANDREW CARIpgglE I . The 100th anniversary of tht I birth of Andrew Carnegie, steel j magnate, and philanthropist, is f| • being celebrated today. Mr. Car- ! negie is best;' remembered by most || I of us as the first multi-millionaire 1 $ ! who felt the moral obligations at- I ; tached to the ownership of great | | wealth. His fortune was approxi- i mately $600,000,000, and he gave | j away or transferred to others a ■; | total of $ 356 , 000,000 before bis | i death in 1919. His benefactions 1 | included libraries not only in § this country brit throughout the • world, with the communities fur- I nishing the site and maintenance, j ; land the Carnegie fund supplying ,| ; the building. This fund has pro- j I j vided for the erection of nearly |. | 2,000 libraries in the United i I States -and about 900 in other I I English-speaking countries. In addition Mr. Carnegie es- ] I tablished the Carnegie Institute 1 in Pittsburgh, the Carnegie Re- 4 d search Institute In Washington, I the Carnegie Corporation in New ; M York, the Carnegie Foundation [ for the Advancement of Teach- .1 i ing, the Carnegie Endowment M for International Peace, the Car- f || negie Il^rp. . fund and various | 1 other usdful institutions. j : | It would be impossible to cal-li ‘ i culate the aggregate good which ' has been done by these philan- [ thro pic agencies established by j •1 the ‘Trail’d of Skibo.” The en- ' ij.light enment which nearly 3,000 [ ;; libraries have brought to mankind j H is in itself a tremendous benefit. , || The encouragement of science " and research; the pensioning of V : faithful professors who have' $5 served for 15 years or more in: , any accredited college; the recog-'! nil ion of outstanding heroism and 'I 4 tiie furfrieVTrfg of wo^ld peace are 1 f only a few of the good things fl that have been fostered by the I p benevolences of the famous ! 1 Scotchman. Thqre is, of coune,. another side to the picture: Mr. Carnegie jjjgj HONOR DONOR. Today marks the lOOih anni-i versary of the birth of Andrew Car-! negie. Although he was one of TRe outstanding steel magnates and fi- § nanciers that this country has pro¬ duced it is probably true that he is remembered more for his benefac¬ tions and good works than for his; industrial accomplishments. Lynn pauses today, along with the rest of the' ,United States, - in hon¬ oring Carnegie’s memory and recall-] ing the ways in which she has bene-;"’ fited by his generosity. The Houghton branch library inf the western section of the city andj the W-ybma branch library on Broad-! ' way were both made possible through.il grants of money from the Carnegie V- Fund.* . In 19Op the Carnegie Endowment!, gave to Lynn the sum of $15,000, f or j two branch libraries the only stipu¬ lation being that the city should pro¬ vide the sites and meet the expense of maintenance. . Sites at either end of, .the city were selected and the li-' braries built. The Houghton branch was officially opened July 19, 1911 with Miss Elizabeth Mead as librar¬ ian' and the Wyoma branch was opened Sept. 20. 1918 with Miss Isabelle Murkland as librarian. Since that time these two institu¬ tions have been serving the interests of thousands of residents of all ages in the eastern and western sections of the city. On display at both the Houghton and Wyoma branches are pictures of Andrew Carnegie and posters bearing some of his idealistic statements' all of which were presented to the branches last week as commemorative gifts from the Carnegie Foundation. One of the donor’s most widely quoted statements regarding libraries I reads— “I choose free libraries as the |i best agencies . for improving the | masses of the’ people, because they i- give nothing for nothing. They only | help those who help themselves. They i never patronize. They reach the | aspiring and open to those the chief I treasures of the world—those * stored® up in books. A taste for, reading® drives out lower tastes. I prefer the® free public library to -most if notffi any other agencies for ,the happiness^:; and improvement of the community Lynn, by experience, has found thegt statements to be only too true par¬ ticularly in these days when people! are using the libraries in greater numbers and for more serious pur¬ poses than for a number of. years. m was-known as a “driver” while he f was accumulating his fortune, j ■ and practiced in the earlier part!’ of his career methods of dealing \ with his employes which he did not advocate in his speeches or 1 M's books, later in life. Many of his workers got anythiiy* but a “square deal,” and the Home-;: ^-stead strike in 1892 was not to 1 ] the credit of the steel master. ; On the other hand, Mr. Car- ' negie did notable service in de- i 1 velopiug the American steel in-: : dustiy, showing a genius for or-.; ganization and ad ministration. - j He may have been a hard man'; | for whom to work, resorting to H j tactics . which would be con-! ! di mnrid even more severely today ; I than they were at the time. But j he played a leading -part in es'ab- j - lislfmg ode of the-nation’s . great- i est industries. - And whatever his faults as an capitalist may have been, it must j b conceded that he made excel- i ; lent use of his.fortune. To him! was attributed the statement that 1 j it is a “disgrace to die rich,” and : j he did his: best'to make wise dis- j | position of hi's' enorm'us wealth. 1 | The hard feeling's generated by : his treatment of workers have y been largely forgotten, but the ! \ benefits which his money made ‘ possible are continuing. Mr. Car- j|: negie’s careeV miy t be cited in j a debate on'the question whether j or pressIOR of the worker is jus- 1 lined in casejswhere the employer ; irises most of has profits for the j ! good of mankind. At any rate, . the . many institutions ■which ; Andrew Cafubgie endowed are a , lasting moltument to his far- j seeing philanthropy. / a < tk G JL^ 'he*™ ^~yu-o wm A Bad Example ] ,In the other civilized countries of the world, the centenary of the birth of Andrew C arnegi e was an occasion in the observance of which it was possible for official personages in the highest stations to join, as they did, without the slightest embarrassment. Mr. Carnegie was a business genius with a philanthropic outlook who had the head to build vast enter¬ prises that yielded an immense for¬ tune and the heart to turn over ninety per cent of that fortune for the. beneficial use of his fellow men. It was possible elsewhere to honor him for all his attributes and achievements. In the United States there must | also have been an impulse among I those who are temporarily directing { the country’s destinies to join in the J observances of the anniversary which were arranged by citizens in ( the larger centers and in the hun¬ dreds of small communities that t have enjoyed his gifts of libraries or l otjper benefactions from -the Carne¬ gie foundation. Here was the person who first said—kt least first among those who were rich—that a man should consider it a disgrace to die wealthy. Here was a view that coin¬ cided exactly with a philosophy that has found repeated official assertion in this country during the past three years. The first impulse to cele¬ brate the birth date of the man who expressed it must have been strong. But second thought appears to have checked the impulse for none yielded to it. And the second thought may have been that after all, An¬ drew Carnegie who gave away an immense fortune, accumulated it before he gave it away, that its ac¬ cumulation was possible only because of the development of a big busi¬ ness enterprise, that for all he gave away he did presume to keep tithe of his wealth as his family’s, inheritance, and that *he moreover presumed to do his own giving. His wish to die without riches may have been entirely consistent with the social and economic thinking that is being done in Washington Hjj today, but Mr. Carnegie’s desire to fulfill that wish by first making a k great deal of money and then giving | it away violates fundamental tenets § of the new faith. k; ' /V> /C./<'W * 4 c ?^7, /?j* ' ’ "'CA RNEGIE CENTENNIAL. || T HE NATION WIDE and, indeed, almost international celebration of ttie | centennial anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie is extremely ffi- ; teresting. He was, as of course you remember, one of the first truly great ) captains of industry, a great steel master, and one of our earliest philan¬ thropists on the grand scale. ■. j IP HE WERE alive to-day he would no doubt be considered and de¬ scribed by some Brain Trusters as anti-social, a parasite, a bar to progress, j a reactionary, a tory and so on, as living captains of industry are being j described. YET HIS WHOLE career, and his philanthropies .which are still con¬ ferring their benefits on the so-called common people, are a vivid lllustra- ! tion of the value of the system of capitalism and of the fact that all peo¬ ple are benefited by any accumulation of. capital wealth, however and by whomever accumulated. IN VIEW OF the stock market boom it seems worth while to note that when the Laird of Skibo was ready, to retire, and sold out to the trust, he took his pay in bonds and not in stock. It believes that no one should be permitted to develop an enterprise big enough to yield a fortune, that n if wealth nevertheless begins to ac¬ cumulate the process should be checked at the beginning by confis¬ catory taxation, and that the re¬ distribution of the wealth thus made possible should be entrusted to the administration of political office holders whose sole concern, of course, is always the promotion of the public welfare, and never to in¬ dividuals or corporate groups which M may be slyly intent on . purchasing ) good will. No, Mr. Carnegie’s birthday could j not be celebrated officially in Amer- j ica. He may, in one enlightened j moment, have enunciated a right p principle, but after all he did believe g in big business, in making money, in private philanthropy—and he did j hold back some thirty millions or j more for the Carnegies. The man’s ! Lbad example outweighed his one en- | lightened utterance. The bad exam¬ ple must not be held up before the youth of Ahierien which is ho longer Urged to work for education as Car- negie-fcfmsblf did, making his life just so much less exemplary, but is invited to extend the hand palm up¬ wards toward Uncle Sam who will make things easy for everyone who agrees that Big Business, -good profits, large fortunes and, the de¬ sire to do good works through pri¬ vate philanthropy are all wrong. The Carnegie Centenary The centenary of the birth of Andrew Car¬ negie, famous ironmaster and patron of educa¬ tion, comes next week and at a time ,of the year when young and old are urged to give more attention to serious reading. Major ob¬ servances will, take place in New York city, Washington and Pittsburgh. The New York event will be in Carnegie Hall, opened for use in 1891; the Washington gathering will be in the Pan American Union building, built with Carnegie funds' in the Thtercst of world, peace, and the Pittsburgh celebration will be under the Hm auspices of the Capegie Institute. The Carnegie Corporation of New York is in general charge of the centennial observances and portraits of the benefactor will be unveiled in many libraries which received Carnegie grants. In 1900 Mr. Carnegie published a book on the “Gospel of Wealth,” and about that time he announced his plan to spend his fortune for good causes and die poor. From that time on he gave liberally to schools and libraries in jl this country and across the sea. He founded Carnegie Institution and other organizations com¬ bining the education and peace ideas, and en¬ dowed libraries throughout the United States. He also founded Hero Fund commissions here and in England. When Mr. Carnegie’s giving was at its hight the first fifteen years of the century some libraries refused Carnegie grants on the ground .that they might be .enslaved by the money pow- It was a time when the public in general Was deeply concerned about trusts. Later years appear to have developed no evidences of such contamination.’ In any- case, the movement to found and .- strengthen educational institutions and -expand philanthropies In general, so interest- J E Yng and, V ditful then, has been summarily cur- | tailed. L That'which is taken in taxes cannot be used .Mf for such private giving, and it promises to be | a big problem to obtain enough from taxation j to meet such necessary; ends. c<. icc ^ 1 * 3 * * * * * 9 ^ L ■'£. s£~-<£. yp ANDREW CARNEGIE, who died '*■ in Lenox, and the anniversary of whose birth is being celebrated, was a prolific writer—wrote letters in all circumstances and on’ ail manner of occasions—-to Johir Mar¬ i' ley, William. E. Gladstone and others. He wrote John Wanamaxer it was time for him to stop making money exclusively and give some of it away. He took another man to task for his book title “If Christ Should Come to Chicago.” He asked him if he wouldn’t consult him next time he picked, a title. Carnegie re¬ ferred to Scotland as his mother—to America as his wife. To many the Shadowbrook chap¬ ter of the Hendrick biography wi.il be the most appealing for it is there told about the last, quiet days. The old friehds had gone—Joe Choate, Richard. Watson Gilder, Mark Twain and the rest ... One nignt he was surprised in. the act of ex¬ amining the contents of a little box which he hurriedly replaced in a drawer when someone entered the room. After he died it was found to contain among other things a yel¬ low paper, kept for 50 years, on which he had recorded his purpose to dispose of the hulk of his prop- I erty before he died. A chapter is de- 1 voted to the period in his life when ; tlie world discussed his declaration ■ that it was a sin for a man to die I rich. .■ " A .BENEVOLENT TRUSTEE V .Andrewone hundredth , birthday anniversary is, and rightly I so, a world event. It rightly is a matter which interests this coun¬ try, since the country is strongly marked with evidences of the Car¬ negie benevolence. Because Carnegie—who started as a very poor boy—worked his way up to the position of very rich man and evolved the belief that a man who dies rich is disgraced, some in¬ teresting considerations arise from the Carnegie anniversary at this time. Mr. Carnegie, had he. lived re¬ cently, would have been a favorite mark for the “soaking” which, be¬ ing aimed at the rich, is supposedly in the interest in the poor. And yet Carnegie gave his vast fortune into institutions and trusts for the uses of the poor, without any of the costs in money and in debased morale that go with govern¬ ment spending. Carnegie’s theory was a system¬ atic one. He was no scatterer of money. This follows, if it were not otherwise known, from the fact that he was Scotch. He made no osten¬ tatious uses of money, but lived modestly and made sound provisions for the future of his - family, and when those objectives had been, reached he became, in thought, the’ trustee of his remaining wealth for the good of the public- The thought he translated into action. The li¬ braries which he built are count- : less. True, there have been differ¬ ences of opinion as to the value of these gifts—less differences of opin¬ ion, perhaps, than tendency toward ■cynical criticism. But Carnegie knew the value of learning, as gained by reading. He appraised the wealth represented by the accu¬ mulated learning of the world—and he made it possible for the typical American town, first, to want a library, and, second, to have one. And if there have been those to suggest that he might have made other uses of his money, an answer may be found in the question of how the government trustees money, and how practical it is, as it operates through political instrumentalities, in spending money. The Carnegie benefactions did not stop with libraries. In fact, they may be said to have begun there. Schools were aided and en¬ dowed. Churches were helped. And foundations were established whose work in the aid of scientific and medical research goes steadily for¬ ward. All this is a continuing service to public good, and without the em¬ ployment of any politically-chosen administrators or addition to tax cost. Not a dollar of the lponey was so spent as to influence votes or control the development of issues. It may be said that Carnegie, the money-giving rich man, v/ho found- ; ed"a great industry, made continu- | ous employment for thousands, con- \ tributed greatly to the progress and ( advancement of his day, and gave ji his millions in trust to serve public | good—that he was “different,” and not typical of the ownership of wealth in general. At any rate he brought the aver¬ age up, and left it pretty high by comparison with political methods of using money. AN EFFECTIVE REMINDER The presentation of a portrait of ■Andrew Carnegie;, to the Adrian | Public LiSrary and its display on 3 the occasion of the one hundredth : anniversary of the philanthropist’s I birth serve as an effective, if belat- ■ ed, reminder of the widespread en- ! joyment made possible by his mu- J nificence. I Mr. Carnegie’s total benefactions j have amounted to more than three hundred million dollars of which | i about sixty .millions have gone to 1 provide libraries in some 3,000 com- ; munities such as Adrian. Here, as | in the case of all library financing, the Carnegie Corporation allotted I money for building purposes only. j 'Equipment, furnishings, books and j x the maintenance of the libraries has 1 been paid for by the communities, " This policy has been in strict ac- ■ cord with Mr. Carnegie’s philosophy . that “indiscriminate giving is most- |ly sheer mischief,” and that “no •j community can be permanently ihelped except by its own co-opera- |. kion.” He always required, and the | J corporation that -distributes his jj if wealth always has required that} If every gift to a community shall be ji 1 conditioned upon the community’s | "'illingness and ability to support lit. He was willing to advance the I work but insisted that the public Interest in and the public connec¬ tions with the work be maintained | 9 to make it permanent. 1 If he could but know it, Mr. Car- 1 oegie would be gratified to learn J - hat the Adrian library has fulfilled I the requirements of his ideal. When 1 the present library building was I opened a quarter of a century ago I it; housed 19,000 volumes. Today 1 there are 39,000 carefully selected 1 hooks upon its shelves. Twenty-five i ---ears ago the annual circulation of ■ library books here was about 61,000. 1 Last year 114,000 volumes were taken 1 out by library patrons and 1934 I was not a record year. The peak I of the library’s circulation was 1 reached co-incidentally with the I depth of the depression and as con- iditions improved last year the de- I mands upon the library fell off. I That in itself—the fluctuation of 1 reader volume in proportion to the I extent of - enforced idleness—is an “1 eloquent testimonial to Mr. Carne- gie’s foresight in the manner in H Which he planned for the distri / : J| button of his fortune. One of his primary objectives was the attain¬ ts ment of that mental and spiritual ||j cultivation that raises communities to higher planes of social satisfac- fS| tion. That dream was realized dur- J ing the darker days of the depres- r .J| sion when the mental and spiritual fri discontent resulting from workless ,l;| days was eased by the gentle and X consoling ministry of books. e c ■> .. Carnegie j LasUMcmday they celebrated in Fitts- | burgh the 100th birthday anniversary off Andrew Carnegie, the steel master who . accumulated an enormous fortune m the manufacture of steel, who used his good fortune for the benefit of mankind Andrew Carnegie entered the United States a penniless immigrant boy. In the eteel business he amassed a great fortune, i0 ne of the greatest in the history of the world. Before his death he gave away some ! $350,000,000, all devoted in some manner to * the welfare of mankind. He built a great > technical institute which bears his name. , He built libraries in hundreds of cities j throughout the nation. He gave heavily to j charities of many kinds. He made Pitts- . burgh what it is today. He gave large gums for science and research. He gave j of his great wealth to whatever cause seemed to him would bring more happiness, more culture, more comfort, greater op- portunity to his fellowman. .; Would Andrew Carnegie have been able j to do all the good things he did do if be had been subjected to the burdensome j ! taxes, the impossible restrictions on Busi¬ ness and Industry which we of a later day believe is the proper thing to do. In his time had it been the policy of Government to “soak the rich,” would we have had the monuments which he erected because he loved to and because he had the money with which to do it? In the first place, . had present-day policies been the policies 1 of Carnegie’s time he would not have been able to have built the great indus triesjie did nor would he have been able to haVS amassed the great fortune which he spent so liberally for humankind. Chances are that like many rich men of today he, in j his disgust would have taken his wealth j, and moved back to his native land which j would have benefitted as did we of Amer- I ica. But he did not forget his native Scot-1 land. He spent vast sums there, too. Per-1 haps he would have spent it all there had j he been oppressed and browbeaten as.isj i the lot of the man of wealth in America J today Many a rich man in the United Spatesy. hopes some day to do some of the things i that Carnegie did/that Rockefeller. Mel- Ion, Morgan and other much abused men | are doing, despite the slanders they are| forced to bear. But Government in our modern times doesn’t propose to give,'; j them the opportunity. Government pro- poses to “soak” them, to take from them? their wealth, the product of their ingenu- ■; ity and ability. And when Government has , taken it, what becomes of it? It is frittered j away in political jobs, in vote-getting un-! dertakings. and when it is gone it has left j no trace. Much more for the good of man- : kind can be accomplished by allowing man j to amass a fortune, by making him feel | grateful to the land which made that j success possible than by taking from him i his wealth under pretext that it is to make j easier the tax burden of the more humble, j For, when it is all over, the more humble ; has just as great a burden. Government \ ever seeks more money to spend and. spends j it. But for what? mar" CARNEGIE MILLIONS ' Andrew Carnegie, born a hundred years ago (Nov. 25, 1835), is leaving a more lasting imprint upon the leaves ■ of history through his benefactions for education and science than through the millions of tons of steel that have been stamped with his name. In a real sense dollars cannot meas¬ ure accomplishments in education and j science. Money is fertilizer for viable ; ideas. But it is significant that Car¬ negie used his millions for giving , sustenance to such important factors f in American and international life. It is inspiring to look back and see that the spending of his money-was so well ! done on the .whole that the word j association with “Carnegie” today is ; just as likely to be “libraries” or ; science” as “steel.” Carnegie’s gifts exceed some $350,000,000 but no accurate total is. ever likely to be summed. It is not. important that it should be. Of this • total, $152,170,000 went to education through libraries and grants to col-; 1 leges. The Carnegie Corporation of New Yot'k received $135,000,000 as a trust, fund for. the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understand-- ing. Scientific research, was supported ; by $30,000,000. International, peace was i promoted with $12,500,000, pensions' used $14,000,000 and music benefited by $6,100,000, Carnegie’s own home¬ town “Dunfermline Trust” and other •sentimental gifts totaled $4,100,000. j Thus. education and science in the ■ broad sense received the bulk of the support. f ■ She Carnegie -Institution of Wash- | ington, with its Wide-flung and pro- ; duetive laboratories and its sky : probing J MU Wilson Observatory, is Chief among j .the ' science agencies using Carnegie’s f money. But Carnegie benefactions y have aided wide-spread . variety of , other science efforts. As important as the money he gave is the economic philosophy behind the giving. Rich men, he . said, have no moral right to their surplus accumu¬ lations. The .temporary custodians are in reality “trustees” for the public, As a practitioner of theory, Carnegie used 90 pet cent, of his. wealth for society, ;y. .. . ....... . -yd; I THE CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL j One hundred years ago today a lowly factory worker in Dunfermline, Scotland, : looked upon the wrinkled face and hairless H pate of another son, new-born to his strug-1 gling; family., 1 .ittie did the elder Carnegie « realize that he was giving the world one* who be a living refutation of all the jokes a that . e v e r. e on l d b c w r i 11 e n o r U >1 d about, f y what might politely be termed, the “over-’J thriftijness” of the Scot. Because, long be- hi fore lie died, Andrew Carnegie had given kj way something like $350,000,000! Jackson joins in the observance of the]® centennial of Andrew Carnegie’s birth. It! j is one of the beneficiaries of a belief he held-i all his life---an,d acted up oh —that men who pi accumulated great wealth were merely ;f trustees, hound by an unwritten law to dis-jv| 1 tribute that wealth for tin benefit of all tliep neo-pie. Mr. Carnegie’s disbursement took1 ihe form of public libraries, very largely, | although his other benefactions were many|| and varied. He has an enduring monument j | in the gratitude of. his own and future gen-i erations.for acts of generosity which haved created institutions of practical help .and! inspiration to all people. »iLAndrew Carnegie is obferved. It is a fitting^iiilmte that is paid ani ^hose / who direct the affaTrS s^riip ■ ‘Austin library' have not been found asleep. A most imposing array of books for juveniles as well as adults has been arranged throughout ji the library, upstairs and down, while a new ft picture of the “Laird of Skibo”—Carnegie—and j Mrs. E. M. Morse, prime in for a library, are displayed in the main room | of the building. Here, indeed, is a gold mine. Books of ad- venture^and travel, fact and fiction, tomes that deal with science, art and music are to be found along the shelves that beckon intriguingly to the boys and girls of today and yesterday. Given the knowledge to read and understand, a liberal education awaits the ambitious youth within the walls of the Austin library. It is a gold mine of material for those willing to but do the digging. In it may be found the nuggets j of knowledge that make for wisdom and under- I standing, for a broader and happier life and a ! finer appreciation of the problems of humanity. 1 Just as in the relay race, the runner touches I the hand of his successor and the contest is I carried on and on and on. Books comprise that connecting link between generations. They spur j the youth on to manhood and hold high the | torch of progress as knowledge is passed on I from decade to decade through the ages. _ Zz.. ^ f r • c / d? / 7^ ^ CARNEGIE’S CENTENNIAL When Andrew’"Carnegie was a lit¬ tle boy he looked wistfully through •he barred gates of a huge Scottish estate near the village of Dunferm¬ line where he was born. In the ‘British Isles such estates, covering "the richest lanfl, the finest woods, ■ the best lakes and -streams, were for the enjoyment of the. landed gentiy. When'Carnegie grew up, came to America and acquired a fortunes the steel business, he did not forget J|| his childhood longing to enjoy what I he saw behind those gates. So when the centenary of <3ar-i negie’s birth was observed this I week, the Dunfermline villagers jC flocked into the open gates of that ||j one time estate, transformed by; Carnegie’s gifts into the largest public park in Scotland. That was one of Carnegie’s char¬ acteristics, one that made him a power in industry and a figure to be reckoned with in American history. For the frugal Scotch lad who found his way to the top through an in¬ tense application of the virtues that sometimes are looked upon today as old-fashioned achieved far more than a personal fortune and fame for himself. It was because An¬ drew Carnegie remembered after he became wealthy his own youthful longings and his own struggles that he carved a distinctive niche for himself in American annals. An¬ drew Carnegie proved to the world, because he remembered, that great wealth can benefit not only its pos¬ sessor, but the world at large. c A— ‘ Y ANDREW CARNEGIE This week, is set aside to com-: E te thje centennial of the Andrew Carnegie, pro- •KaT"i TShort e); with the accent in the second syl- ; lable, canny ©cot, who came to j America^ when a youth, identified;) 'himself with the steel industry, jgrew fabulously rich, and became ] ! one of the world’s most famous j philanthropists. When a youth ihe noted the dearth of opportunity ! I tor young people to secure good | books, and when he grew up, he I ifulfilled an ambition of his. child- ? hood by endowing almost 3,000 li- 1 braries, his gifts approximating the I immense’ sum, of sixty-five million i dollars. Andrew Carnegie was a man who made hiis fortune in a perfectly le¬ gitimate- manner. He did not prac¬ tice rebating, nor did he euchre Others out of their property. If Oar- had held that notorious mortgage that took away from the Merritts the result of their enter¬ prise and faith in northern Mnne- sota ore mines, he no doubt would have entered into a partnership with the family, increased his own wealth and made the Merritts rich¬ er than their most ambitious dreams, Carnegie was a friend of those with whom he came in con¬ tact. He made his friends and as¬ sociates prosper. Against his -deal¬ ings there never has been a hint of suspicion of his taking advan¬ tage of another. Andrew' Carnegie had great faith in Mesiaba ores. It was his foresight that placed United States: Steel in its commanding position by con¬ trolling its own mines. The range owes much to the frugal but gen¬ erous Scot. It may be interesting to note that each of the Carnegie libraries is known as the “Carnegie Public Library,” wherever it may be, with one exception. That is the D. B. ; Henderson Public Library, Upper! Iowa University, Payette, Iowa. D. B. Henderson, a former speaker of the House of 'Representatives, was; very prominent in the affairs of the nation; and Carnegie was his- staunch admirer. Henderson was a; student at this school when he en¬ listed for the civil war, in which he lost a limb. Carnegie, in making the (school the donation at the behest of Henderson, said that any school who could make as good a man as Henderson out of a Scotchman, *was entitled to special considera¬ tion. ; ! We have never heard of any min /begrudging Carnegie the money he made. By his energy he created la¬ bor for those who needed labor. When he died he left hi® mqney working for the good of mankind. We are proud to do him honors ^*AMONM IDIfOfclAl u AS8CCIATION 1 t 9 3 5 The Carnegie Library Y ESTERDAY the Wor-thmfton Carnegiej library observed the centenary of An- <|rpw fj!a.rne.gie , s birth with an open! house and appropriate ceremonies. While paying tribute to the man who made thous¬ ands of libraries available to people through¬ out, the English-speaking world; the people of Worthington might-well offer commenda¬ tion to those who have directed The . local li¬ brary in the past three years. At present Worthington’s library is second to none in a city of this size; the improvement it has made in the past three jgprs is nothing short of remarkable. For man} 7 ' years the library here was neglected. It served the community, but only to a limited extent. During the last two weeks of 1932 The Globe presented a lengthy series of facts relative to. the library. It pointed out that it had fewer books than libraries in cities of comparable size; that its circulation per capita was below average; and that the an¬ nual appropriation made for it was actually less than operating costs even without the purchase of a single book. It further pointed out that since 1903 women had never been named to the library bdard. The study had immediate results. Five of the library board members resigned, stat¬ ing that their hands had been tied by lack of funds in efforts to improve the library, and that they wished to add emphasis to The Globe’s study by their resignations. The city council wasted no time once the seriousness of the situation was realized. Five women were appointed to the library j board; a special appropriation was made for repairing the building and another sum was set aside to purchase new books. Since that time a library expert has gone through the library, casting aside books no longer fit for use. Most of them have been replaced’ and several hundred more added. A juvenile;department has been established and: hundreds of books placed in it. Additional improvements have been made to the build¬ ing. At present the library board is function¬ ing actively; the council has given adequate funds with which the work can be carried out; and the Worthington library is today a vital force in community life. It is well pre¬ pared to meet the needs of the people and is constantly improving in order that it may serve to the fullest extent. If The Globe had made no other direct contribution to Worthington than the series of articles which led to these improvements, it would feel that its work had been well done. So at this time when Andrew Carne¬ gie’s memory is being honored, The Globe takes particular pride-in the library, feeling that it has played a part in improving one | of the greatest of all community assets—a free library. •.< : : r^^$upport the Libraries I In commemorating the centennial of | Andrew Carnegie, that grand old man I " who spent most of his wealth during I the latter years of an active life in plant- 11 ing public libraries in communities all, 1 over the nation, it might be well to give; | a thought to the support of these splen- t; % did and necessary public institutions. Asa matter of record, our public libra¬ ries do not get the financial, support they need and deserve. During hard times they suffer from insufficient aid. In an enlightening book, “Our Starv¬ ing Libraries,” R. L. Duffis, an author¬ ity on libraries and their condition, shows that sixty selected libraries in various places in 1933 spent about eleven million dollars for administra¬ tion, and less than a million for new books. The meager expenditure for books indicates that less than one cent per capita was spent to buy books for the libraries in the United States that ^Economizing officials usually . hit hard at the libraries and their little book funds, though they are more free with public finances in less worthy ways of spending,. The twenty million Americans who hold library cards are not organized. If they were officials would be more considerate of their rights. . . The modern public library as visioned 1 by Andrew Carnegie is an essential. People love it and benefit' from it. Be¬ cause the directors and administrators of libraries are fair and conservative is not a good reason why they should he denied the money needed to operate them and replenish their stocks of books. During the Carnegie observance and National Book week serious thought should be given to the need for; keeping the library shelves well stocked! with volumes. .“ .... J ty '£cp< 10 }%.fi~M.£ Jo. O UM>. & to the young Carnegie and other poor boys of the f community. From that opportunity came the steel ' * master’s life long interest in books and a full ap¬ preciation of them as an influence in community life. Before his death he had invested 60 million dollars in an effort to pass along the opportunity which had been given to him. Colonel Anderson may not have been the in¬ spiration of the Carnegie fortune but he may be rated as the father of the Carnegie library benevo¬ lences because he gave a poor young Scot a chance at books. Andrew Carnegie. Montana was not one of the many states enjoying extensive benefit from the philanthropies of Andrew Carnegie, yet it can afford to join in tributes to him bn the ner.asims^Lt.he inntv. anniversary of his birth because her represented a factor in American life which is very important today—the acknowledgment that the more successful American is in fact his broth¬ ers’ keeper. Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunferfcn-^ line, Scotland, Nov. 25, 1835. He gave $60,- 364,408 to establish 2,811 public libraries in all parts of the world. Carnegie’s first job was as a bobbin boy at Alleghany City, Pa., at $1.20 a week. Later he was telegraph messenger boy, »learned telegraphy and became an oper¬ ator for the Pennsylvania railroad. In A860 he knew enough about railroading to | be superintendent of the Pennsylvania’s Pittsburgh division and his railroad con¬ nections led him to invest in express com¬ pany stocks and in the securities of a new sleeping car concern. When oil was found ill |-° VYJ.1G.L1 VJXJ. was J.UUJUU . A in Pennsylvania, he put his dividends and 1 Si savins.*? iritn nil Iposoc in savings into oil leases and in the late H 11 j sixties became interested in iron and steel. M °re than 30 years ago he retired, one of ,*v .|the richest men in the world. Carnegie’s philanthropic gifts aggre¬ gate $350,695,000. To the Carnegie Eridow- iipent for International Peice he gave $10 - ---— 000,000 and to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching $15,000,-4 000. He created a $5,000,000 benefaction,] from which awards are made annually for 1 heroic deeds. Other millions have gone to i schools and hospitals throughout the world, | and as the nation approaches the 100th j anniversary of his birth it has the know!- ' edge that although he died in 1919, he made it possible for the causes in which he believed to live after him and to con- ; tinue their usefulness through the years | to come. ’ B f a- jks /Cmj. o? 4.j / (l * cc rfei C if. Y ® sterda y Was the centennial birthday of Att-i ^ drew Carnegie, the greatest of America’s rich men ■ Beginning on a wage of $1.20 per week, he made ; | money until he had amassed a fortune of $360- il 000,000. While making his fortune he said, “Cast aside business forever except, for others.” He late said.- “I consider it disgraceful to die a rich man. About this time he began investing his millions ini libraries, in colleges, in universities, in three great objectives, namely: the advancement of scientific . knowledge, the better protection of the academic eacher against the needs of dependent old age and illness, and the abolition of war on a firm moral and political foundation. Before his death he gave away 90 per cent of his fortune and bequests in his will took the remainder of it—he intended to give it all away, but death came to him suddenly and unexpectedly. In contrast with the greedy and avaricious Shylocks of Wall Street today, Andrew Carnegie, bulks large against the horizon of hu¬ manity and civilization. He was one of the truly great men of the world. He Lived For The Betterment Humanity Today- the memory of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie will be hon¬ ored in many places. Mr. Carne¬ gie made his millions, gave liber¬ ally diirirtg his lifetime to wor¬ thy causes! especially that of es¬ tablishing libraries. His business shrewedness not only accumulated great wealth for himself, but those associat¬ ed with himi in the steel indus¬ try garnered their millions. e He was criticized during his i lifetime, “even as you and I by his employees, his business associates and his competitors,! but he steered his business craft' successfully, provided work for thousands and gave of his means : for the betterment of humanity.: CARNEGIE AND GOOD WILL, Today, the 100th anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, seems an appropriate time to re¬ flect on some of the phases of pri¬ vate philanthropy, and to consider them in connection with President Roosevelt’s recent disparagement of this form of giving. It is his idea that corporations and large private fortunes “contribute to charitable causes to buy good will.” Carnegie, when well advanced in life, gave away 90 per cent of his wealth, some $350,000,000, and it was not given, we may assume, to buy good will, as the nation’s gratitude was already his and there was no need of buying more. Large sums of money, given for the public good by such men as Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, have brought about the develop¬ ment of no less than 108 philan¬ thropic foundations in the United States, administering a total of more than $1,000,000,000, from which approximately $60,000,000 is disbursed every year. A recent tabulation of important foundations in this country reveals the emphasis placed on constructive giving. Twenty-six foundations for .the improvement of child welfare make it clear that opportunity is provided for trained workers to in¬ vestigate the sources of mortality, disease and other enemies to the health and happiness of America’s children. Twenty-two foundations concern themselves with the health of the nation at large, while eight¬ een are devoted to social welfare. International relations are studied by twelve foundations. Government, agriculture, industry and business, religion, legal aids and social con¬ ditions are all represented by more than one foundation, while there is one each for the encouragement of such varied interests of mankind as aviation, engineering, motion pic¬ tures, heroism in life-savjng, civil liberties and the like. Nor are the fine arts of music and painting left without resources for the support of talented beginners. Not many years ago Carnegie li¬ braries provoked paeans in praise of their donor. Now they are. taken largely as -a matter of course. Scholarships to enable young people to complete a general education or to get specialized training were rare in Carnegie’s time. Today it is the rule rather than the excep¬ tion for mental and spiritual hun¬ gers to receive attention. The fair-minded observer will find it difficult to believe that these splendid legacies had no more exalted purpose than the “buying of good will.” It will occur to many, however, that the president’s in¬ sistence on taxing corporation gifts to charits’’ is queerly at variance with the new deal idea of promot¬ ing a more general distribution of wealth. If the rich wish to give, whatever their motive, why discour¬ age them in so doing? By this means swollen fortunes could be reduced without the help of a tax¬ eating bureau. But such contradic¬ tions in recent months have be¬ come commonplace. The new deal has been' full of them. It has a genius for including obstructions to its avowed purpose in every pro¬ gram it sets up. warn $/■< , ,.(?a C: hs sitt t )t^ < i &:£ $. ?w * ANDREW CARNEGIE Anyone familiar with, affairs in Carthage during the last 30 years, probably appreciates the healthful ef¬ fect of the local public library on the life of the community. It has influ¬ enced many thousands of residents both educationally and recreationally, and is influencing others daily. It is hard to imagine Carthage without such an institution—but the town had nothing of the sort ‘ until Andrew Carnegie, magnate of the Steel indus¬ try, furnished the money to build and equip it. Before Andrew Carnegie’s death he had erected and equipped 2,505 such libraries, and still others since his death have been started from the var¬ ious funds he left for library and ed¬ ucational purposes. It would be hard to overestimate the value of the work of such a man. Andrew Carnegie was bom in Scot¬ land just a century ago today. Work¬ ing in a factory when under happier circumstances he would have been in school, and growing to manhood with¬ out receiving the education which would have meant so much to him, he never forgot his handicap, not' even though he won great fame and for¬ tune in industrial life despite it. A major aim in life so far as his earn¬ ings were concerned was to help oth¬ ers to attain education without the difficulties which he had encountered. His theory as to the proper dispo¬ sition of private fortunes actuated him throughout his career, and ini jl900 he explained his views in a book, i The Gospel of Wealth,” which is ' irobably the best known of his var- ous writings. Retiring from business md industry in 1901 he devoted the rest of his life to furnishing capital for social and educational advance¬ ment. The Carnegie Corporation of New York, with a capital of $135,000,000 has aided American colleges and uni¬ versities, provided library training apt I service, and supported programs en¬ couraging adult education and train¬ ing in fine arts, modern languages and engineering. The Carnegie Foun- | dation for the Advancement of Teach- ; iing, capitalization of $30,000,000, is de- voted to aiding those of that profes¬ sion, and also dpes educational research ; work. The Carnegie Trust of Pitts j burgh, $28,000,000 has furnished cities | with municipal type libraries, concert ■ j halls, technical colleges, museums and [art galleries. The Carnegie Institution ' of Washington has a $32,000,000 cap- : ital for various branches of scientific ! research. Then, too, there is his .fund j for rewarding heroes of peacetime and for the advancement of the cause of peace by intelligent study of the causes and results of war. oun- He did not forget his native eon , , Ttip Carnegie Trust for the versifies of Scotland has tlO.000,000, half of the income of which goes m the four great Scotch umversit.es and the other half of wh.ch is used for fte payment or part payment of tional fees for students of Scotch bntn or extraction. The Carnegie Dumfe. line Trust—Dumferline was his home town-has about $ 4 , 000,000 which was used to establish various clinics, craft schools, a school of music and a physical education college. The Carne¬ gie United Kingdom Trust of about $ 10 , 000,000 carries out his library policy in the British Isles, has pub¬ lished special editions of Elizabethan music and many modern compositions, has established six rural community centers, has made various grants to the national theatre movement and to many musical and dramatic enter¬ prises. These are the main things, but there are a host of others of lesser size. . There have been many public-spir¬ ited rich men in the world but there have been few like Carnegie. He was .in a class almost by himself—and a | very fine class it- was. A GIFT THAT HAS LIVED M ONROE City is one of 3000 other English- speaking communities that is reminded this month of their debt of gratitude to Andrew Car¬ negie, the man who made possible the building of our Public Library. Although Carnegie is known to the world as an industrialist and benefactor, he found time to do much writing which is probably responsible for his great interest in public librar¬ ies. He wrote a number of books, among them being “The Gospel of Wealth,” “An American Four-in-Hand in Britain,” and “Triumphant De¬ mocracy.” Carnegie possessed a faculty for pithy state¬ ments, many of which crept into his writings. Some of his epigrammatic thoughts have been published in a series of illustrated posters for dis¬ play in libraries. They reflect something of the- philosophy which inspired Carnegie’s numerous benefactions and emphasize his. belief that popular education is the foundation- for a stable, progres¬ sive civilization. Among the quotations contained in the pos¬ ter series are: “I choose free libraries as the best agencies for improving the masses of the people, because they give nothing for nothing. They only help those who help themselves. They never pauper¬ ize. They reach the aspiring, and open to these the chief treasures of the world—those stored up in'books. A taste for reading drives out lower tastes. . . I prefer the free public library to most ^if not any other agencies for the happiness and improvement of a community.” “I am hot so much concerned about the sub¬ merged tenth as I am about the swimming tenth.” “Surely no civilized community in our day 1 can resist the conclusion that the killing of man by man, as a means of settling international dis¬ putes, is the foulest blot upon human society, the greatest curse of human life, and -that as long as men continue thus to kill one another, they have slight claim to- rank as civilized.” “Upon no foundation but that of popular edu¬ cation can man erect the structure of an enduring civilization. This is the basis of all stability, and underlies all progress. Without it, the State architect builds in vain.” ^ - ^ ^ /L -tj . oP 4 ' / Andrew Carnegie. , Yesterday was the 100th anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, and the fact justifies recalling some¬ thing about the life of a man who was one of. the world’s foremost philanthropists. Our own fine Joplin free li¬ brary came into existence, like hundreds of other libraries in this and other countries, by virtue of a gift from the famous Scottish iron and steel tycoon. Andrew Carnegie’s success was largely due to his love for his mother and his determination in early life to see to it that she should never want for anything in later years if he could help it. Like all extremely rich men, he was severely criticized at times for his methods. Among other things, it was said he forced his weaker partners, in time of stress, to sell their stock in the company to him at almost criminally low prices. Later investigators have said that what really happened was that when hard times came on his partners lost faith in steel but Carnegie himself never did and that the prices he paid for stock were fair enough un^pler the circumstances. Anyway, Andrew Carnegie had many fine qualities. They said he was irreligious, but he gave to churches more than 7,000 organs. And his theory concerning wealth would satisfy the most radical “share-the-wealth” enthusiasts of today. In his “Gospel of Wealth,” he said: “The day is not far distant when the man who dies leaving behind him million of available wealth, which were free for him to administer during life, will pass away ‘unwept, unhonored and unsung,’ no matter to what use he leaves the dross which he cannot take with him. Of such as these the public verdict will be: ‘The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced’.” C (w m*>v yj'LtO-'— L-A 7W. z^Z — ilWIiljtllllMIIHilin iii ■IMWWII'IIHIII I Andr ew Carnegie , Mmday of this week was the anniversary | offth|? 100th year since the birth of Andrew | CaVffegie and communities who have receiv- : ed the benefit of his philanthropy celebrat- 1.■! ed the event with appropriate observance, : There are many such communities in this ■ country and in Europe. There are 2811 Car- Jj negie library buildings in towns scattered over IJ this country that were built by Carnegie j funds. i News-Week gives an interesting-account of 1 the life of this most interesting philan- 5 thropist. Coming to this country with his ' parents in the early years of his life from I Scotland he worked as a bobbin boy in a cot- ; ton mill receiving $2.50 per week. Four years I later the Pennsylvania railroad gave him a §1 job at $35 per month. One day his boss told fe Andrew to buy Adams Express stock. His J mother borrowed $500 by mortgaging their m home. Before long they received a dividend || of $10. This led to other investments and at || the age of 30 Andrew resigned a district su- [J perintendency to become a capitalist. He chose the steel industry and his profits grew and multiplied. The nation was growing and expanding rapidly and steel was a most I necessary commodity as it is today. Native I Scotch thrift anT a fearlessness that mani- | tested itself when the home was mortgaged i to make his first investment Were factors in I helping him to amass a fortune which [amounted to 385 million dollars. Unlike most rich men, however, Carnegie | who was even penurious in many small * things, believed that a rich man who died 1 rich was disgraced. He was determined not to do that and was so successful in his many philanthropies that when he died he had dis- J posed of 90 percent of his wealth. Beside libraries he endowed many colleges, provid- 3 ed teacher’s pensions, endowed the American " Library Association, erected the New York II Academy of Medicine and many other HI ffl similar undertakings. He gave 35 million d dollars to the Carnegie Institution of Wash- : 1 ington and the Carnegie Nutrition Labora- | tory of Boston, where scientists study the 1 chemistry of t he human body; the Geolog- | ical-Physical Laboratory in Washington | where geologists delve into the origin of the earth; the Mount Wilson Observatory of California, the world’s capital for astronomi- I cal studies. kt From the civil war days, when Carnegie served as a telegraph operator, he had a hor¬ ror of war. Hence, he gave 10 million dollars to establish the Carnegie Endowment for In¬ ternational Peace. He built the 1 1-2 million dollar Peace Palace at the Hague, the Pan American building at Washington and the Central American Court of Justice at Costa Rica. A heroc rescue in mines in Pennsyl¬ vania led to the establishment of the Car¬ negie Hero Funds—five mllion dollars trust in America and a similar sum in Europe. The funds aid dependents of the who die performing heroic acts—except on battle fields. He also established a ten million dollar Carnegie Trust for the University of Scotland, half for research and half for student aid. He hinted that the latter might be repaid and 170 thousand dollars have been returned by the students who were benefited. Space permits only a mere outline of Car¬ negie’s philanthropies. The work of alloting his many gifts has been great task but hu¬ manity has benefited greatly by them. Had many other of our millionaires followed his example the social and political life of this country would have read differently from what it does. It behooves us to give credit, to this really great man not altogether for the gifts he has made but for the exam) ’ in altruism he has set to the wor ^ c j Lt tuAiL . * < /- CieZ /ft 4 ' ", t ' ’ ' , ' u t t " v 4 ' ‘ - .Vh;. ' - is , . a . m* .ri ( A:\NY PHILOSOPHER (/hNoy. .25 will be observed the kumb'eth ann-;Y.a«iarv of th.«,,hivth j, of Andrew-Caraggie. WHxm- we--think of Andrew Came-1 gie, the old Scotch, word, “canny” f, comes to mind. It was associated | in our thought with the characteris -1 tics of the old steel master. | Mr. Carnegie wag canny in the [ old archaic Scotch meaning of the ! word. Webster’s dictionary gives' the first meaning of the word, as it was used of oid. in Scotland, as “knowing, sagacious; prudent: ; also, wary; cautious.” Mr; Carnegie was all of these. His philosophy of life . was an extension of these at¬ tributes. The acquired meanings .of the word, such as self seeking, tricky, cunning, could not proper¬ ly be referred to him. Sagacity and prudence show in his philosophy for the rich man. n 'This, then,” he wrote, “is field S| to be the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious, living, 8hunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for, the legitimate wants of those depen¬ dent upon him; and, after doing So, to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust •funds, which he is called upon to, administer, and strictly hound as a. matter of duty to administer in (he manner which, in his judg¬ ment, is best calculated to produce i the most beneficial results for the' ‘community.” The most impressive duty of the state, Mr. Carnegie believed, was the universal education of the ! masses. In following out his phi¬ losophy, he provided, moderately in View of his great .wealth, for his dependents and demoted the rest of )v! AI y lir 7 w. CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION The Andrew- Carnegie centenary will be celebratecFTIy^tlie different Caniegie trusts in the United States and in Great Britain and the British Dominions, and Colon¬ ies, and by public libraries in the different parts of the world. Out of the $3 I 50',000,000 he gave away, Carnegie devoted more than $60,-11 000,000 to library construction work. He built 2,811 libraries. || These, with the , 8,182 dh.urch or- If : gans made possible ,by his contri-l| buttons, are usually regarded asffl the more personal of his many 1 benefactions. Carnegie’s memory will ,be hon- ored on Nevember 25 in his native 11 city of Dunfermline, Scotland, from II which he emigrated with his fam-i ily to the United States in 1848.1 Other ceremonies . will be held ini New York, Pittsburgh and Wash-1 ington, D. C-, while special pro-1 grams and exhibits will be ar-1 ranged by many Carnegie libraries. 1 The New York program will con- 1 sist of a, special cih-ora'I-orchestral 1 performance on November 25 in 9 Carnegie Hall, which Carnegie! [ built for the cultural advancement | of New York dity; a formal assem- I b'lv at the New York Academy oil Medicine on the evening of Novem-1 ber 26, honoring Carnegie for his® many benefactions in different fields for the advancement of man- kind, and a dinner on the evening’ of November 27 attended by those associated with Andrew Carnegie or engaged in carrying out his ben¬ efactions. In commemoration of the one- jhundredth anniversary of Andrew Carnegie’s birth, the Carnegie Cor¬ poration is presenting to all Car negie libraries in the United States and the British Dominions and Colonies, a portrait of Andrew Carnegie, framed for permanent display. The library in Stroms-- burg will receive one of these por traits but we are not informed how soon it •will be presented', to our city. | his fortune to public, 1 tells why he gave to public- libraries |H| a large share of*his money: “I choose free libraries as the I best agencies for improving thej|| masses of the people, because they H give nothing foi nothing. ’[’hey H only help those Who help them- 9 selves. They never pauperize. They B reach the aspiring, and open to |B these the chief treasures of the IS world—those stored in 'books. . . .1 i|| prefer, the free library to most if M not any other agencies for the hap A piness and improvement of a con munity.” He was sagacious and prudent ffl and he was also wary and can-, ffl tious lest his money be made the ia means of pauperizing tliose who.lffl were to benefit from its distribm ffl tion. He believed that man 8 should not be helped, but should ys> be enabled to help himself,, “I am not so much concerned;' Ip about the submerged tenth as i a. about the swimming tenth,” he Iffl once wrote. There are things in this Scotch man’s philosophy that we might j 8 Wm 8 § welfare. Be study with profit these i £ •'* v . '*> * / 7 c* ■'>" - If Andrew Carnegie had lived until to- day he would haTe'been one hundred years I old The date is being celebrated m vari¬ ous quarters of the world. Carnegie was I born in Scotland and came to Americans a : young boy. His family settled at Pitts- j burgh, Pa. „ and young Carnegie soon found a job as a messenger boy. Telegraphy was just, then coming into existence and young Carnegie learned the art and entered the : service of one the great railroads of that time. During the Cival War he served as a ;; telegrapher for the waf department. After the war Carnegie; became a stud- f ent in a free library in western Pennsyl- ; vania and from that undoubtedly started his great interest in public free libraries. He became interested in steel and estab- s lished the Bessemer process in America, which had a large part to do with making ) this a great steel nation. In 1881 he established his first free library, in his home town of Dunfermline, Scotland, the first of 2,811 free libraries he , established. From then on a varitable stream of libraries came from his hands. t Carnegie believed that wealth was not ■actually owned by any man but that he ; was merely.a trustee for it. He carried ■ this belief into actual practice and during I his lifetime gave away nearly all of his j wealth in public benefactions. His gifts l| amounted to over 350 million dollars and i he is said to have died. With only a small | fortune left in his hands. His money went j to a great variety of useful causes, libra¬ ries, churches, educational research, pen- J sions for teachers and employes of his steel companies, the promotion of peace among 1 the nations, the Carnegie Hero Fund and 'others. His peace .efforts' included the j building of the Peace Palace at The Hague, ' j and the ground and buildings for theiPan- • American Union. , t hv Alii, t'L. >U,A ' , o/ ; / ^<5 d * Carniege Centennial i-nt^ry oTt^bUuTTf^the great philosophist Andrew Carniegie. That jay and through the following week, all over the English speaking world is the thousands of libraries founded by him—celebrations are held and due honor is paid to him. Our own township library is housed in a fine building donated by him- and we too join in celebration. Monday afternoon and evening we keep open house. The Library Board | and Woman’s Club in charge. We ex¬ pend to the Township Board, the Vil¬ lage Officers, the School Board, and the faculty of the school; the min¬ isters of the churches, and all who are interested in education and the wel¬ fare of the library, a special invitation* j to attend this celebration, i One feature is to be an exhibition of old books published 100 years ago* or thereabouts. Anyone having such' volumes and willing to loan them, if they will bring them to the library j anytime before 2 ,p. m. Monday we I would appreciate the loan and they | will be cared for. Saturday afternoon Nov. 30, the Vmerican Legion Auxiliary will have i story hour, from three to four, to vhich the children of the first six grades are invited. c ju g HIS MONUMENTS It is most fitting, of course, that j| 4 the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Car negie, w ho made millions and who gave them all away, should have been marked with observances, both in Scotland where he was born, and in America, where his munificence was striking¬ ly felt. It was unnecessary, however, as the means of recalling the deeds of the great ironmaster, who made a science of giving. Throughout the nation there are hundreds of mon¬ uments, in the forms of libraries, church organs, research laborator¬ ies and the like, all in eloquent tes¬ timony of his thoughtfulness, his ^ “generosity. U U ^ * i At J j / ^ CARNEGIE^ DISTRIBUTOR j Andrew Carnegie, whose birth a century ago 1 is being celebrated this week both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise distributor of |j millions. iC Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had |;-;j plowed back into America 435 million of the | dollars he picked up so easily over here. He h kept only 15 millions, which proved ample. His f j benefactions in libraries and in health, scientific 1 1 and peace foundations “grubstaked a regiment | of prospectors on the frontiers of learning” and 1 understanding. They will bear fruit in a more j | civilized humanity for generations to come- i| Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multimillionaires it might not have been necessary for the Government now to take measures for sowing the national wealth more widely. h - >n .IT , You Can Lead a Horse to Water— ! jestepday was the one-hundredth anniversary of the'; birth W^Andrew Carnegie, noted philanthropist and steel magnate wh,000 to build, endow or equip almost 8,000 libraries, including the Raton Public Library. A large portrait of Carnegie has been hung in the library, a gift of the Carnegie corporation. Carnegie said, ‘T choose free libraries as the best agen¬ cies for improving the masses: of the people, because they; give nothing for nothing. They only help those who help j themselves. They never pauperize. They reach the aspiring, ! and open to these the chief treasures of the world—those stored up in books. A taste for reading drives out lower j tastes. X prefer the free public library to most if not any other agencies for the happiness and improvement of a com¬ munity.” Another great truth of his was, “The most imperative duty of the state is the universal education of the masses. No money which can be usefully spent for this indispensable end should be denied. Public sentiment should, on the con¬ trary, approve the doctrine that the more that can be ju- ; diciously spent, the better for the country. There is no in¬ surance of nations so cheap as the enlightenment of the peo¬ ple.” ■ . . Do you appreciate your library and the opportunities,,it- offers?. . / CARNEGIE’S CENTENARY, j It was* TOO ' years ago yesterday that An- ; drew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, co ¬ il land The circumstances surrounding his 1 birth gave no intimation that there wou d be j reason a century hence for referring : event. It was amid humble surroundings that he came into the world. Yet the birth of * century ago'-was rather widely observed yes¬ terday Pittsburgh has greater- reason than 'any other place for recalling : the life mid activities’of that Scotchman, ■but many ^ and smaller communities were the lec p 1 enCs of his benefactions. ' , . ' | I Andrew Carnegie was a ( product I i times in wltfch he lived. Conditions weret such 9 i as to enable him to succeed astonishingly- ■ Vtol which he set out. At the same tune i I he had the ability and the foresight to make I I u e of the opportunities offered. He amassed I i great wealth, but he did share a large part 1 of it with the public through the gifts he made ( Pittsburgh profited heavily in the foundmg : ( of the Carnegie Instate of Technology, a } great educational plant, and in the libraries 'J and museum which 'bear, his- name. V'\ C \ yj'A C-<- Kz. L - ■ c ‘ 11 His Wealth a Public Trust A rich man who is remembered not for what he accumulated but for what he gave away is being honored this week. Andrew Carne gie was born 100 tyears ago, on Nov. 25, 1835, in a weaver’s cottage in Dunfermline, Scotland. When he died, 84 years later, he had given away “for the improvement of mankind” $350,000,000, and had established foundations and trusts which, in accordance with his wish, will “continue to benefit humanity for genera¬ tions untold.” Andrew Carnegie did not quite succeed in his expressed intention of dying a poor man, but he proved tb the world that dis¬ tribution of wealth can be more romantic and exciting than the accumulation of it. So enormous was his fortune and so per¬ sistently did it pile up on his hands that he could not give it all away. To para¬ phrase the Scriptural quotation, it is easier for a camel to pass through the needle’s eye than for a rich man to get rid of all of his riches. Beyond a certain point it renews itself at a pace that outstrips the capacity to disburse it, but Mr. Carnegie fought the good fight against surplus wealth to the end. Observances in Mr. Carnegie’s honor! will continue for-three days, beginning with his birthday, in New York City, home j of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the largest of the six Carnegie foundations in the United States. Other communities ! which have special reason to remember his | benevolence will have observances. Be- j sides the New York foundation, his name ! is linked with these five: The Carnegie ] Institute of Pittsburgh; the Carnegie In¬ stitution of Washington; the Carnegie Hero Fund; the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. \ The details of Mr. Carnegie’s life and his eccentricities, good and bad, will be recalled on this centennial date of his birth. They will probably be forgotten quickly. What will not be forgotten is the immortal ideal he lived and died by— the ideal of wealth as a public trust which no man has a moral right to keep for himself alone. ' But preliminary to'these benefactions he laid 1 the foundation of great industries which sur¬ vive him. * He ‘had to do something to amass t the wealth which' finally became his. It did j hot come without planning or effort. The mills i he built gave employment to thousands of men. It may be that' Conditions now are such that not again can a man parting from scratch, ' and with nothing bu£ his'own energy to back him, achieve such an industrial eminence as fell to Carnegie. It may be that laws hereafter will prevent such an accumulation of wealth ! and the benefactions which accompanied it. Yet,- without the gift® that Carnegie bestowed a great many communities would be without the means of culture which his generosity sup¬ plied. In Dunfermline, Scotland, his birthplace, a news item records that there is no one who does not know the story of- Carnegie’s life or who has not the opportunity to share in what he did for the place. The' trust fund he established is stated practically to have changed life and living in that city. We may not have another Carnegie, but since such an one lived, there are reasons for recalling on the centennial of his birth what he did. and what he gave. C c-'t ' ' a [ji d. / ( c- l C , ip <\ 7 / 5 "" His Wealth a Public Trust RICH man who is remembered not for what he accumulated but for what he gave away is being honored. . Andrew Car¬ negie was born 100 years ago. on Nov. 25, 1835, in a weaver’s cottage in Dunfernline, Scotland. When he died, 64 years later, he had given away “for th4 improvement of mankind” $350,000,000 and had established foundations and trusts which, in accord¬ ance with his wish, will “continue to bene¬ fit humanity for generations untold.” Andrew garneg ie did not quite succeed in his .expresseTliitention of dying a poor man but he proved to the world that dis¬ tribution of wealth can be more romantic and exciting than the accumulation of it. So enormous was his fortune and so per¬ sistently did. it pile up on his hands that he could not give it all away. To para¬ phrase the Scriptural quotation, it is easier for a camel to pass through the needle’s eye than for a rich-man to get.rid of all his riches. Beyond a, certain point it renews itself at a pace that outstrips' the capacity to disburse it but Mr. .Carnegie fought the good fight against surplus wealth to the end. Observances in Mr. Carnegie’s honor will continue for three days, beginning with his birthday, in New York City, home of the Carnegie Corporation of New York the largest of the six Carnegie foundations in I the United States.- other communities! I *™ ch k av e special reason to remember his 1 . benevolence will have observances. Besides ! the New York foundation, his name is link- I “J these five: The Carnegie Institute j of Pittsburgh, the Carnegie Institution of \ Washington, the Carnegie Hero Fund the 1 ? eg l - e - Fo ™ da tion Writhe Advancement ! of TeaelTirlS'-ma'the Carnegie Endowment j for International Peace. The details of Mr. Carnegie’s life and his eccentricities, good and bad, will be recalled on this centennial date of his birth. They will probably be forgotten quickly. What will not be forgotten is the immortal ideal he lived and died by-the ideal of wealth as a public trust which no man has a moral right to keep for himself alone. ANDREW CARNEGIE, BENEFACTOR ||- One of the most inspiring stories of wealth in America which the youth of the nation may well follow as an example is the life of Andrew Carne¬ gie, the hundredth anniversary of whose birth is being observed in the United States and Great Britain. The significance of this Scot’s fortune lies not in the fact that he acquired great wealth hut that after obtaining it he spent it for worthy purposes. And it was not the whim of a dying man who, knowing that he soon would have no use for his fortune, passed it out willy-nilly to be frittered away. Rather, this great man' who started as a bobbin hoy in a cotton factory spent the larger part of his life mapping out a program by which he could best dispose of the riches he had gained to the advantage of the people. Carnegie was reported to have said he would consider it disgraceful to die a rich man and after his first $50,000 was made, his life was patterned around the desire to give with a purpose, not to hoard with a Midas-like love of coins. To the man whose fortune was founded in the steel industry, his money above that which he kept for living expenses was a means of benefitting all those who were willing to help themselves. It is estimated that of his total wealth of about $360,000,000 he gave more than 90 per cent for" the benefit and service of his fellowmen. / . Thus, more than $60,000,000 of the wealth In bad acquired during his life was spent on libraries, of which the Schenectady institution is one. He founded and endowed institutions at Pittsburgh and Washington, established a trust fund of $10,- 000,0<50 in Scotland to assist education at uni¬ versities, built a palace of peace at the Hague, in addition to a $ 10 , 000,000 endowment for inter¬ national peace, aided Tuskegee institute under Brooker Washington for negro education and es- ' tablished the Carnegie hero fund, to name a few of his benefactions. In effect, Andrew Carnegie began where many other multimillionaires left off. Nicholas Murray Butler points out that there are four possible stages of evolution of a wealthy man—the acquis¬ itive stage, the possessive, the contemplative and the distributive. The second period is as far as many rich persons ever get. But for Andrew Carnegie that was only a start. Having acquired great sums, he gathered wise advisers around him and carefully planned benefactions which would prove not only beneficial hut lasting. And having decided upon his methods, he set out to dispose of his money in the best manner. Stories of the Horatio Alger type cannot be |; anything but thrilling to the average American boy, but the life of Andrew Carnegie is most in- | spiring of all for it emphasizes not the value of | acquisition or possession of money but the purpose | to which it is employed after it is obtained. Andrew Carnegie easily could have retained | all of his money, either to increase his own. com- 1 forts or to pass it on to eager heirs, and he still 1 would have been considered a great and successful | man by many persons. But his was a loftier ideal; and greater vision, and his name will live in the I communities, which he aided long after the obvious, | external, concrete benefactions have disappeared,! for he brought to this country a more godly cou-|i cept of the purpose of money. A GREAT PHILANTHROPIST The memory of the poor boy who built a kingdom of, steel and gave most ;■*] of it awajk for the benefit of mankind was honored in Europe and America on 1 Monday whfen the centennial of the birth of Andrew Carnegie was observed. The American celebration rightfully centered in Pittsburgh, where the fortunes i of the great philanthropist were built. Andrew Carnegi£_was born in Dumfermline, Scotland and came' to this coun- 1 try as a lad. His first "j ob as a bobbin boj- at Allegheny City, Pa., brought him | the.princely salary of $1.20 a week. From that he progressed until in about 1900 he was able to sell his steel mterests to a group headed by J. P. Morgan, who ; forni’ecl the U. S. Steel company, for nearly'$500,000,000, and during his career made as many as forty of his partners millionaires. But it was not only Carnegie’s delight to make money, it was also his delight I to make money help others. He founded thfe Carnegie Institute of Technology and spent millions founding libraries, donating organs for churches, Contributing * io colleges and hospitals and in a myriad of other benefactions. To the Carnegie ' Endowment for International Peace he gave $10,000,000 and to the Carnegie' i Foundation for the Advancement of teaching, $15,000,000. He also created a J $5,000,000 benefaction from, which awards are made annually for heroic deeds, including pensions for those incapacitated through some fine act of their own, and to their widows and dependents. Declaring that it was no disgrace to acquire wealth, he maintained that he would consider it a disgrace to. die rich, and practiced what he preached, giving away $350,000,000 of an estimated fortune of $360,000,000. His life has ended but his influence and the benefit of his wise administration of a great trust from the Almighty still live. ! / ■ _ Still Improving Man’s Lot The civilized world joins today in marking : the centennial of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, | an outstanding philanthropist who in the dis- j position of his vast fortune showed the way. j for many another. And through his endow- ; merits and foundations, Andrew Carnegie who died in 1919 in still at work improving man’s | lot, a work that promises td continue to the end * of our civilization. | BonT at Dunfermline, Scotland, November | 25, 1835, Carnegie’s rise was phenomenal. His I first job was as a bobbin boy at Alleghany City, Pa., at a weekly salary of $1.20. Later j he was a telegraph messenger boy, learned | telegraphy and*. became an operator.. for the Pennsylvania railroad. In 1860, when 25 years old, he knew enough about railroading to be superintendent of the Pittsburgh division of, that line. ' As a result of his railroad connections, he invested systematic savings in express com¬ pany stocks and a new Sleeping car concern. When oil'was found in Pennsylvania he put his dividends and savings into oil leases and in the late 60’s became interested in iron and i steel. When 33 years of age, his income had reached $50,000 a year, a huge sum for those days, and he was determined that he should never earn more. However, as has been the case many times, through his ability and opportunity his field of service was steadily expanding and he soon found himself a .multimillionaire. ' When he retired more than 30 years ago he was one of the richest men in the world. Years before that time he had made his famous remark, that he would consider it a disgrace to die a rich man, and he carefully 1 considered the means for distributing his vast accumulation of wealth, enlisting the aid of j the ablest men of his time in perfecting his | plans. Of an’estimated fortune of $360,000,- 000, Carnegie gave away more than $350,000,- \ 000 . ] All, parts of the world benefited from more than $60,000,000 given to establish over 2,800 ; public libraries. Other millions went to schools^ and hospitals throughout the world, Carnegie Institute of Technology, his tribute I to Pittsburgh, being one of the outstanding recipients. _ . To. the Carnegie Endowment for Interna- j tional Peace he gave $10,000,000 and to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of teaching, $15,000,000. He also created a $5,- 000,000 benefaction from which awards are made annually for heroic deeds, including pen¬ sions for those incapacitated through some fine act of their own, and to their widows and . dependents. Trustees of his numerous funds and foun¬ dations were empowered to apply the income of their capital fund to some allied object of their own choosing if it proved too much for designated purposes. The residuary estate went to the Carnegie corporation, the prime object of which was to bolster the resources of any of the endowments which might need additional funds. Perhaps no better expression of his pur¬ poses can be found than Carnegie’s own letter of December 14, 1910, to those whom he first chose as trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: “When civilized nations enter into such treaties as named, and war is discarded as disgraceful to civilized man, as personal war (duelling) and man selling and buying (slavery) have-been discarded within the wide boundaries of our English-speaking race, the trustees will please then consider what is the next most degrading remain¬ ing evil or evils whose banishment—or what new elevating element or elements if in¬ troduced or fosterdd, or both 1 combined— would most advance the progress, elevation, and happiness of man, and so on from cen- j tury to century without end, my trustees; of each age shall determine how they can best aid man in his upward march to higher j and higher stages of development, unceas- ingly; for now we know that man was ere- ’ ated, not with an instinct for his own degra¬ dation, but imbued with the desire and the power-for improvement, to which, perchance, there may be no limit short of perfection even here in this life upon earth. “Let my trustees therefore ask them¬ selves from time to time, from age to age, how they can best help man in his glorious ascent onward and upward, and to this end devote this fund.” And so, Carnegie, in addition to his con¬ tributions to the welfare of his fellows and the upbuilding of our nation during his life-i lime, leaves the rewards accruing to his serv-l ee to continue a program which will contribute mmeasurably to the welfare of the world to he end of time. I „ ¥ -'hXj . j?, 'v 3i / /it. /.Y.x-r/t (A A FRIEND OF MAN More than casual interest is ai t. ached to observance of the cen- || tenary of the birth of Andrew Car- || negie this week. To a new genera- | tion growing up in America and in 1 Scotland, the name is only vaguely I- familiar, yet it will last for genera- j ions to come, long after the for- , tunes of some multi-millionaries of b the present day have been plowed . y,ack to whence they came. A poor boy, a Scot immigrant, made one oft the largest fortunes f.f history in steel manufacture in this country. The Laird of Skibo j'; did not forget his youth and his sarly struggles, as the son of . Scot weaver, born in a cabin, 10 b: 12 feet in size. He perhaps did not .ealize he was perpetuating his tame and his repute far better by g leads Of charity than he could have done by any other means. Andrew Carnegie needs no moriu- | ment. He lived and died in an age which had not yet seen steel be¬ come the supreme essential and g foundation of modern America, but he lived sufficiently long to become . toth praised and censured while iving for an innovation he set. \ Chis man Of amassed riches amaz- j d friends and critics alike by re¬ volving to die poor, even as he jj intered the world without assets ether than good ancestry and a jj ^een business sense. [ The first Carnegie libraries, his jj means of aiding the poor and un- j ier-privileged were received in i jome quarters with sneers. But ; they served as. an example to other j men of wealth, who soon entered | ) the field of distributing in part | what had come to them in business j fortunes. Carnegie endowed hun- | .ireds of schools and dozens of col- t - /A / 7 S. s ' f> Carnegie as Benefactor Had Andrew Carnegie lived to November 25, 1935, be would have been 100 years of age. j memory, will be honored, and justly so, | for he built 2,811 libraries and gave away j ?50. million^ in foundations and other ways, j Carnegie Vjvas born in Dunfermline, Scot- : land, in a weaver’s cottage, came to the United btates at the age of 13 in a whaling schooner and became a messenger boy, the first rung in a high ladder. Carnegie made a considerable amount of money in the days of cut-throat competition in the steel industry and added enormously to it When he sold out to the elder J. F. Morgan who formed the United States Steel Corpora¬ tion. Besides cash Carnegie took bonds. The com- , mon s . tock was frankly “water” and there I was discussion as to whether there was any I real value in the preferred stock. Speculators j took the stock while the wise one estimated j just how long it would take the billion dollar I concern to crash from its own weight. Cer- | tainly, it was considered too big for any man | or group of men to manage at headquarters j in Wall Street, or anywhere else, j As it turned out the bonds were all paid 1 off and the day came when so much money j was being made on the common stock that it j was deemed wise to declare a stock dividend, j A beneficent tariff which protected the prices i of-the finished product and free trade in labor I which enabled the importation of large num- | bers of workers may have contributed to the result. Still more prosperity to labor gener¬ ally in his day might well have built far greater profits. It is going to be one of the curiosities in the future, it is even today, that Andrew Carnegie, philanthropist, worked his men 12 hours a day seven days a week at desperate wages. His love for man didn’t take the form of doing anything about conditions in his own in- 1 dustrial family. Still, it can be said that he ft! conformed with the practices of the day andJr“ M when he got around to doing something with his money he made very good use of it ,for j the benefit of The population. / ji }U--u/J £ ANNIVERSARY OF CARNEGIE A hundred years ago yesterday there was born in a Scottish village, a boy destined to become one of the greatest financial figures in the world, and Whose benefications and philanthropies constitute an eternal memorial to his memory. He was born amid squalid surroundings and came to the United States as a boy, penniless. His name was Andrew Carnegie. , Carnegie, became one of the great steel barons of the world, but his wealth did not affect him. He believed in sharing his for* tune with others through the medium of im¬ proving their opportunities and to this ‘ end the country is dotted with the familiar pub¬ lic libraries whifch bear his name and which afford the man in the street the equivalent \ of a college education. Wilmington has no Carnegie Library but | it does have a memento of his generosity in the beautiful pipe organ that adorns St. Mary’s church and which is noted for its I depth and beauty of tone. . i. The story of Carnegie is one of inspiration; 1 to the average youth and his life work al source of gratification to hundreds and thou- sands of American citizens. Aw UA- -t- '»r vi jon, | I S and his- name will live in the eohraiu- j |||- Pities which he aided long,. 'a.i - ■ r ovious, external, concrete -b'o'nAuctions p|l have disappeared, for he brought to;l- : v,, ; this country a -more godly concent of; 1. the purpose of money. . j j ■* ' ■ His Wealth a Public Trust A rich man who is remembered not for; what he accumulated but for what he gave j away will be honored this week. Andrew,! Q&rn egie was born one hundred years ago,; onNov. 25, 1835, in a weaver’s cottage in; Dunfermline, Scotland. When he died, 84 years later, he had; given away “for the improvement of man-1 kind.” $350,000,000, and had established! foundations and trusts which, in accord-; ance v.t'h his wish, will “continue to beneTi humanity for generations untold.” Andrew Carnegie did not quite succeed in his expressed intention of dying a poor man, but he proved to the world that dis- , tribution of wealth can be more romantic and exciting than the accumulation of it. So enormous was his fortune and so per- | sistently did it pile up on his hands that | he could not give it all away. To paraphrase the the Scriptural quota¬ tion, it is easier for a camel to pass through the needle’s eye than for a rich man to get rid of all of his riches. Beyond a certain point it renews itself at a pace that almost matches the capacity to disburse it, but Mr. Carnegie fought the good fight against sur¬ plus wealth to the end. Observances in Mr. Carnegie’s honor will continue for three days, beginning with his birthday, in New York City, home of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the largest of the six Carnegie foundations in the United States. Other communities which have special reason to remember his benevolence will have observances. Besides the New York foundati. his name is linked with these five: The Car- , negie Institute of Pittsburgh; the Carnegie Institution of Washington; the Carnegie Hero Fund; the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, and the Carnegie Endowment for International -Peace. The details of Mr. Carnegie’s life and his eccentricities, good and bad, will be recalled on this centennial date of his birth. They will probably be forgotten quickly. What j, iwill not be forgotten is the immortal ideal he lived and died by—the ideal of wealth as J, a public trust which no man has a,moral | right to keep f„or himself alone. A o . £ C ' I JC .. c ■.vlr-C-V 4 Mi ^■%< c K* ■• J'Uhi 60 £ p THE CARNE GIE ANNIVERSARY Monday was the one hundredth anni- 1 versary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie and public libraries all over the United States are participating in a nationwide observance of the event throughout this v week. Every Carnegie library, including gig the institution here in Hickory, has been| ; * sent a framed portrait of Mr. Carnegie, as gifts from the Carnegie Corporation. eluded with the portrait gifts were sets ofgB seven attractive posters for each library, presenting choice, Carnegie quotations. It is interesting to note that although Mr. Carnegie did not begin his program of founding public libraries until 1881, a little more than a half ceptury ago, the oldest existing public library in America, is said to be the one at Peterborough, New Hampshire, established in 1833 just two years prior to Mr. Carnegie’s* birth. Thus it was by a strange coinci- . dence that the man who was to make pos¬ sible the establishment of public libraries |g by scores of communities throughout the United States within the past fifty years, first saw the light of day in Scotland at about the same time the public library germ was taking root in this country to which the young emigrant was to come and make himself wealthy and famous. The Worth Elliott Carnegie library here in Hickory is said to have been the last public library to be built with the aid of m Carnegie funds, and the gift to this com¬ munity was $14,000. The Scotch sagacity of Mr. Carnegie is well typified in his statement thJl: “I do not want to. be known for what 1 give, but fc for what I induce others to give.” In his bequests for libraries, therefore, his re¬ quirements were that every community accepting such a gift must furnish a site and agree to supply an annual mainte¬ nance fund of at least ten per cent of 3 amount of the gift. To the fact that the communities were obligated to maintain and develop their libraries, Mr. Carnegie is said to have attributed most of his use¬ fulness—for he knew that in assisting a community to help itself he was aiding in the development of a wholesome public interest and a realization of public re¬ sponsibility. Although no buildings are now being built by the Carnegie Corporation, the li¬ brary program has by no means been dropped, as the officials are now carry¬ ing out a ten-year plan which includes grants to the American Library Associa¬ tion for the promotion and improvement of library facilities, founding of a Gradu¬ ate Library School at Chicago University, and a number of other important activi¬ ties. In Great Britain, also, Carnegie en¬ dowments are being used for rural library extension work. There are at least two salient points every American citizen should bear in mind in paying tribute to Andrew Car¬ negie. First, the fact that an uneducated [ Scotch lad coming to Pittsburgh with his i parents at the age of eleven, demonstrat-1 ed as a messenger boy that one can edu-! cate himself by self-study and reading good books, and further that America is really the land of opportunity for the thrifty and persevering.. Secondly, by distributing a fortune of $350,000,000 in world-wide charities, wisely safeguarded by restrictions similar to* those surrounding the library grants, Mr. Carnegie pointed the way by which rich men might enrich society and demon¬ strate unselfishness. Two Anniversaries Within five days of each other this month the centennials of the births of two great Americans will be celebrated by their admirers. Just a hundred years ago on No¬ vember 25 in Dunfermline, Scot¬ land, was born that tough little Scot who did so much to transform American life, Andrew Carnegie. Five days later in 1835, as if the fates felt the need for matching the steel man with a sharp jester, Mark Twain was bbrn in Florida, Mis¬ souri. Now a century has gone over j both of them. The world of steel which Carnegie helped to build is filling,the earth with greater and greater armaments for more and more destructive war. And men everywhere as new war threatens are remembering the irony and the indignation which broke ‘through Mark Twain’s humor when he wrote, of war. They were a strange pair for the stork to bring in a single week. And yet though they went by, diverse ways no two men in our times devoted more of their think¬ ing in maturity than they to the wish * for peace. Mark Twain’s hatred of war grew perhaps out of a sense of the ridiculous in human life that would no longer be con¬ tained in a joke. Carnegie, who built the plants to make the steel, which is war, stands with old Al¬ fred Nobel, the inventor of dyna¬ mite who left a prize for peace, I in an advocacy of reason rather i than force which sometimes seems like the work of a man with a bad conscience. His Peace Palace at The Hague is all but forgotten now while men hope a little hopelessly for peace from the sessions in Geneva. But. he spent his; money, made in , part out of the steel of war, in a [| grand gesture toward the elimi¬ nation of war. More than a gesture, for a while at least he provided the only forum for peace in a world f which was hurrying on to 1914 and war. Mark Twain did not live to the World War. But Carnegie did. An old man of 84, he died the year after the Armistice. Now they come, together again on their anniver¬ saries. Very different men, they left , one preachment in common That war is ridiculous in a Reason¬ able world. Their centenaries could be no better celebrated than by remembering that this year. } t r v . Jb C / J' T CARNEGIE AS BENEFACTOR IT AD Andrew Carnegie lived to Nov. 25, ™ 1935, he would have been 100 years old. His memory will be honored, and justly so, for he built 2,811 libraries and gave away 350 millions in foundations and other ways. Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scot¬ land, in a weaver’s cottage, came to the United States at the age of 13 in a whaling schooner and became a messenger boy, the j first rung in a high ladder. i Carnegie made a considerable amount of money in the days of cut-throat competition in the steel industry and added enormously to it when he sold qut to the elder J. P. Mor¬ gan who formed the United States Steel Cor¬ poration. Besides cash Carnegie took bonds. ^ The common stock was frankly “water” and there was discussion as to whether there was any real value in the preferred stock. Specu¬ lators took the stock while the wise ones es¬ timated just how long it would take the bil¬ lion dollar concern to crash from its own weight. Certainly, it was considered too big for any man or group of men to manage at headquarters ih Wall Street, or anywhere else. As it turned out the bonds were all paid and the day came when so much money was being made on the common stock that it was deemed wise to declare a stock dividend. A beneficent tariff which protected the prices of the finished product and free trade in labor which enabled the importation of large num¬ bers of workers may have contributed to the result. Still more prosperity to labor gen¬ erally in his day might well have built far greater profits. Andrew Carnegie, philanthropist, worked his men 12 hours a day, seven days a week at desperate wages. His love for man didn’t take the form of doing anything about con¬ ditions in his own industry. Still, it can be said that he conformed with the practices of the day and when he got around to doing something with his money he made good use of it for the benefit of the population. ( , / f ; % p [il tl £ 7 / ' - • .. 'ytfrv /?&' s r MR, CARNEGIE’S MILLIONS Andrew Carnegie, the centenary of whose birth is being celebrated this week, died only sixteen years, ago, but already he is a legendary figure. The world in which he made so fabulous a success has passed away. His climb from poverty to riches that ran into the hundred of millions was an epic of an era which to younger gen¬ erations seems almost unbelievable. But the benefactions which Mr. Carnegie estab¬ lished remain. They have brought untold satisfaction to millions. Mr. Carnegie was not the first very rich man to give away money lavishly but he set a record of princely philanthropy which has been equalled, in all history, only by that of the Rockefellers. And his philan¬ thropies were distinguished, not merely by their generosity, but also by their intelli¬ gence. It would take the whole of this article merely to list his benefactions. Their total was stupendous and they were so widespread that it is not easy to dis¬ cover what they really amounted to—more than $60,000,000 for free public libraries; $10,000,000 for an endowment to work foe international peace; $15,000,000 for an en¬ dowment for the advancement of teach¬ ing; $5,000,000 for the reward of heroism; $11,060,000 or more for an institute of tech¬ nology in Pittsburgh and $22,000,000 for the Carnegie Institute of Washington; and so on and so on. The great thing about his gifts was that in almost every instance they stirred interest and activity on the part of others. He himself said of his gifts for libraries that they were less important in themselves than in the fact that they encouraged and secured a proper public support for libraries. A really great man, this hard-headed Scot whose own experiences in his poverty stricken youth made him eager, when he had risen to vast wealth, to do for others and to use that wealth as a trust, feeling that he would be disgraced if he died stil. -in full possession of it. He had the ac-i quisitive instinct but that instinct never, at any stage of his remarkable career, de4, y ; . v .. ... stroyed or eclipsed his other qualities. It ■was on character that he made his start towards riches. As a small boy he hac worked as a weaver’s assistant in a Penn¬ sylvania factory for a dollar a week. He became a messenger for a telegraph com¬ pany and learned telegraphy. He became s |j train dispatcher. Out of the kindliness 03 I his nature he let a fellow passenger on one j of the trains of the company tell hin ! about a sleeping car he had invented. He i got the man a hearing with the company ' officials, who previously had set the in- I ventor down as just another crank. V/.C. ... y l BENEFICENT-WEALTH. ‘4 ij A great many years, ago, when ANDREW^ C arne gie, even then .overfat and threat- •enecT with death, came over to New York ■to dedicate a hospital his wealth had founded, he made in substance this state¬ ment in the course of his remarks: Time will come when for a man to own very much more wealth ; than his earthly needs require will be counted as vulgar as to hoard ■ bread in time of war or famine. j Mr, Carnegie was one of America’s pre- -j pliers of wealth. He made his own fortune, starting at zero and going all the way into, the hun¬ dreds of millions during his long and achieving life. He was among the master successes in all the annals of America when it came to making money. More than that, Mr. Carnegie was born and grew up when social philosophies were •ambling' around in the brains of only the softy idealists and dreamers of Utopia. It was a brutally unsocial generation, that of Mr. Carnegie, when wealth was slow to recognize its responsibility to pov¬ erty, when privilege admitted no liability to society. Mr. Carnegie broke through that rude and crude culture of sheer selfishness and began to get rid of his multiple millions as rapidly as his good sense and patient judgment would permit. There was no panic about it — but a systematic study of the social needs of America, of institutions ministering to the underprivileged and the despised with a view to endowing them with his fortune, and in the end, Mr. Carnegie had succeed- edin lavishing his wealth upon society \ fin the form of bequests frorrTwhiCh Amer- plica will long continue to reap constructive nihelpfUlness. j If he was .a forerunner in such social enterprise, others have picked, up the torch he fung down and have continued to light the way with their wealth for needy and destitute humanity'. It has come to be more the rule than the exception that the great fortunes of America of recent years have not been transmitted according to the old principle . of family succession, but according to the m passion of the wealthy to leave behind ® them a perpetual, service to humanity.- To be sure. Mr. Carnegie’s prophecy has not wholly dome true. It is not yet counted -as vulgar to own more than one’s earthly wants or needs justify as it would be counted vulgar to hoard bread in time of war or famine, but there has never been a generation in American history when American wealth was so readily at the‘service of humanity and so eager to run the errands of social town who liad been wa.tching him let himi nepdg > have the money; let him have it because^ Left to be guided by this increasing so¬ ke had come to believe in Carnegie. The cial sympathy that is saturating American company was a success and Carnegie had The sleeping car proved to be practica ble and a company was formed to builc cars. Young Carnegie was given the oppor¬ tunity to acquire an interest in it. He hac no money but a banker in the railway his start. The rest of the story was easy for a man of his brains and energy. He simply saw one opportunity after another and seized it. But there were many /vivid chapters. Andrew Carnegie, however, is not re membered, nor will he be remembereu hereafter, because of what he . did in piling up one of the greatest of fortunes. He is remembered and will be remembered for the thought and character which he put into his benefactions- when he set himself to the task of giving his fortune away., Those benefactions have been outstanding ; in their constructive and continuing help¬ fulness. They have worthily honored their, founder, testifying eloquently to his fqre- sighfc and to his ideals as well as to his magnificent generosity. thought and purpose, the wealth of the richest in the country would continue to find such outlets as would lead to the bestowal of ; vast benefits upon society. Far better, in the judgment of this news¬ paper, that wealth be so voluntarily con¬ secrated to the public welfare, under the urge of personal conscience and obedience to duty, than that it be conscripted by the government and used in large measure wastefullv under such political control. _ CARNEGIE’S USEFULNESS GROWS WITH THE. YEARS Andrew Carnegie, tile centen¬ ary of whose birth a world grate¬ ful for his beu of actions celebrates this week, is remembered more i for the thought and character! manifest in distribution of his f wealth than for the manner of its accumulation. Naturally, the con-S struetive nature of his gifts, af-f fording a continuing helpfulness, | constitutes a memorial honorings the founder for both his acumen j ; and for his generosity. But in making his fortune Car : negie fought and won one of the nation’s greatest corporate battles and thereby demonstrated that money does not absolutely control all business of this country; be¬ cause Carnegie successfully with¬ stood the blasts of Morgan and Rockefeller in an era when those names meant control of whatever they /wanted, many another was given the courage to fight against oppression. After Carnegie had entered the steel industry, his business • marked by the gathering of as fine a group of executives as boost¬ ed by any outfit in the country. The Carnegie Corporation, taking business and meeting it as it found it, became skilled in pricing its [products, smart in profiting from rebates on charges made for ser¬ vices by other corporations, and it weathered the fire of hot alle¬ gations directed at many of its practices.' The Rockefellers want¬ ed the property and Carnegie of¬ fered it for $100,000,000. The deal fell through and there was feel¬ ing. Morgan sought to force Car¬ negie out by competition, but the Scotsman fought back with blow for blow. It was one of the titanic struggles of American finance. Finally Morgan realized he could not drive Carnegie out. He asked for a price. When Carnegie offer¬ ed to sell for $492,000,000, Mor¬ gan snapped “sold.” But more than U. S. Steel, for W'hich his Carnegie Corporation | was the cornerstone, Carnegie’s belief actions emphasize the char¬ acter and usefulness of the man who used his vast fortune that it continues active for the benefit of nearly every country, opening doors of opportunity to the under¬ privileged, pushing back the fron¬ tiers of human knowledge, furth¬ ering" world peace-—a monument I more lasting than steel. m v . f t l * CA^f^E# CENTENNIAI, : 1 CELEBRATION OF the centennial of the burth of Andrew Carnegie will take place in New York, Washington, Pittsburgh and other American cities and at Dunfermline, Scotland, where he was born, beginning on , November 25. The ceremonies will be elab- j Borate in the larger places and will include at ■ New York an address by the vice-chancellor of St. Andrews University, Scotland, which ' is one of the beneficiaries of a Carnegie J$ trust. It is testimony of the financial genius of | ^Carnegie that, while he gave away through' If trusts $350,000,000 in his lifetime, all of I them operate today precisely as he arranged | that they should. The Carnegie Corporation, 1 1 1; he Carnegie Institute, the Carnegie Founda- ; | tion, his funds for the pensioning college pro¬ cessors, his hero fund, his four great trusts m Great Britain, and his Dunfermline and I | Scottish university trusts in Scotland are I I functioning without friction. The Temple of I deace at The Hague stands as a monument f i t° his desire for international concord, and I thi oughopt America are public libraries \ | erected with funds furnished by him in part, ij It is hard to believe, though it is so, that, when at forty-five he began to give his wealth away because of his expressed belief I ,*■ that rich men have no right to their surplus ' accumulations, many persons of the time ;; greeted the statement with jeers and sug- | gested that self-glorification was- his motive. I /Yet he continued. His books— “Triumphant | iDemocracy,” “A Four-in-Hand Through | Europe” and some others—were targets for 1 the smart writers of the day. But he lived & .long enough to know that the world at last 1 appreciated the sinceri ty of his giving. - P i y, • < E. 1 'Jtrv //u’O' He “Cut New Windows” | One hundred years ago this week there was | born in Dumfermline, Scotland, a boy-—Andrew || I Carnegie— who has exercised, and whose plan- & | rimg^wtW continue to exercise, a powerful in- * i fluence for human betterment. Coming to | i America early in life, he became a fine example | j of the immigrant who accomplished things in | j this new country. While he possessed the ability | ! to make money, he also had a fine idealism that I i desired to make his life count for humanity. I ! It is because of. this idealism and the practical j ! accomplishments that have come from it j i .throughout the world, that ceremonies have been j ! held throughout the Nation commemorating his .1 I. birth anniversary. I In the New York Times magazine, Mr. L. H. J i Robbins says of him: “Hi3 ruling idea was that human life could be made better through the j diffusion of knowledge among those who hun- j - gered for it. He knew what the lack of access i to learning, meant to the mind eager to help it- | s eh. He gave the bulk of his money not to allay poverty, directly but to provide a chance for self- helpers to lift themselves out. He “cut new windows” in the house of darkness, leaving the result to the light that would stream through and to the genius of those who dwelt within.” Many a life has been brighter and happier by ; the benefactions of this man which are said to j have reached the stupendous sum of 400 millions I of dollars. Best known are the Carnegie libraries which dot the land. But there were I established other funds which have accomplished much for the general welfare, and which were so set up that they shall be of continuing benefit. He brought into being a new conception of the trusteeship of those endowed either by the ! wealth of material things or the wealth of mind. ! The Foundations he established are an enduring • i memorial. Now though he passed away sixteen I years ago, he is still giving away sums, through the income :from his endowments, for the general good. His name has become a symbol of service, v TLrv . &£ l ANDREW CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL One esterday An- I drern Carnegie was born and the world has j bdeimripher because he lived'. He was a j rich'ltfan in his own right, but his philoso- .■ phy of the trusteeship of wealth was such * that if every man of means followed it, : tlie world would never know want, (jepres- j sions, market collapses, unemployment.. | Andrew Carnegie said in one of his writ- 1 mgs: “This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth : To set an ex¬ ample of modest, unostentatious liv¬ ing, shunning display or extrava¬ gance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him and, after doing so, to con¬ sider all surplus-revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and ; strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which in his- judgment, is best calculated to ‘pro¬ duce the most beneficial results! for the community.” a Mr. Carnegie followed out this prin¬ ciple during his life; giving away his great surpluses for the benefit of the people. To- ] day his public libraries dot the nation as 1 lasting symbols of his belief that the saj- I vation of the nation lay in educating the people and that the best means of educa¬ tion was a free public library. Mr. Carnegie recommended seven fields of philanthropy for the rich man: 1. A university. 2. A free public library, provid¬ ed the community will accept and maintain it. 3. Hospitals, medical colleges, laboratories, and other institutions connected with the alleviation of hu¬ man suffering, especially with the prevention rather than the cure of human ills. | 4. Public parks, provided the Community undertakes to maintain, beautify and preserve them inviolate. 5. A hall suitable for meetings and concerts, provided a city will maintain and use it. 6. Swimming-baths, provided a municipality undertakes their man¬ agement. 7. Churches, provided 1 the. sup¬ port of the churches is upon their own ; people. , , , . ... K STEEL MASTER . . j When Andrew Carnegie came to America m 853 a lad of 13*6 sailed in a wood ship. When e “went West? to Pittsburgh, the Pennsylvania >wn full of kindly. Scots, he caught his first Hmpse of the New World from the deck of an Erie analboat. The age of steel was yet to come and j ae immigrant lad was the chief figure m the devel pment of an industry which meant so much to m- lustrial America. ■ ' • , , , The people of the United States are celeb dX ng the 100 th anniversary of the steel master s )irth. He came a long way from Dunfermline, rose ,o a seat among the mighty, walked with kings, but cept the common touch. That enormous fortune he rarnered in the long yea#! of business activity was Returned to the people in the shape of charitable and educational donations. America benefited from his generosity as did his native Scotland. He set an example to wealth not soon forgotten, le- turning to others less fortunately placed m the eco¬ nomic scheme of things a large share of the capital that he had accumulated by his own thrift and ini¬ tiative. /I. v V/ Si x , The Cainegie Anniversay Saturday Evening Post. r HE one-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, on Nov. 25 of this year, will doubtless be widely celebrated. A generation ago, the name of Carnegie was heard everywhere; the man himself was one of the country’s foremost figures. But he died in 1919, and a new generation with new in¬ terests has risen since then. His enormous gifts are no longer in newspaper headlines; the libraries he built are taken for granted. But Carnegie had a profound influence upon his time, for it was he who exemplified in his own life what he described in articles and books as the gospel of wealth. He gave away in his lifetime $350,000,000, amounting to some 90 per cent of his fortune, principal as well as the interest. He held that rich men were merely trustees for the public and should dis¬ tribute their “surplus” in ways that would best promote the welfare and happiness of the common man. It is not to be assumed that every man of great wealth should follow Carnegie’s example literally. There are few who have fortunes as colossal as his or who could sell their busi¬ nesses as advantageously as he did, ’so that his affairs were in an ideal condition for fyhat he called “distribution.” There are other instances of very wealthy individuals that readily come to mind, which suggest that the greatest social service is rendered by keeping fortunes intact in business. But a spectacular example of giving, like that of Carnegie, was badly needed in his time. That wealth should be held as a trust for oth¬ ers was a relatively new i lea. It was doctrine that should have been preached, and Carnegie proclaimed it effectively. There are always those who say that such fortunes should never be made and that these large sums ought to be raised by taxation and I spent by public officials. But the elimination | of- Jail private benefactions and the concentra¬ tion of philanthropic functions entirely in the I hands of tax raising and spending officials, is j not a policy that commends itself to thought- J ful men and women. l, C { L OlLO., ft k.y c CAiRNEGIE, DISTRIBUTOR A NDREW CARNEGIE, whose birth a century ** ago is being celebrated this week both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise distributor of millions. Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 million of the dollars he picked up so easily ovef here. He kept only 15 mil¬ lions, .which proved ample. His benefactions in li¬ braries and m health, scientific and peace founda- ions grubstaked a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers, of learning” and understanding. They will bear fruit in a more' civilized humanity for generations to come. Had Carnegie’s example b6en followed by other multimillionaires it might not have been necessary for the Government now to take measures for sow¬ ing the national wealth more widely. In a country where multimillionaires have ceased to be a nov¬ elty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Harnesses are all too rare. As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged individualist, but as a spender he was a social- minded and broad-visioned humanist. Tributes To Carnegie Alliance has reason to join with the rest of cities, of the Nation in tributes to the ■generosity of Andrew Carnegie, who was born Dunfermline, Scotland, November 25, 1835, and wlhose birthday anniversary is being celebrated this week. Carnegie gave; $60,864,408 to establish 2,811 public libraries in all parts of the world, many of which institutions are in towns and cities in Ohio. In ail, however, it is said that he gave away approximately $350^000,000. Coming to this country in 1848, a penni¬ less lad, Carnegie worked his way up ’ from a? bobbin-boy in a cotton factory in Alle¬ gheny, Pa., to be head of the Carnegie Steel Company, which the United States Steel Corporation took over in 1901 for $250,000,000. As he worked, Carnegie read and thought, and by 1889 he had evolved his doctrine of the trusteeship of wealth. Acting upon that principle, • Carnegie gave much to advance art and science, education, and world peace, which he included in his benefactions. To the Carnegie Endowment for Inter¬ national Peace he gave $10,000,000 and to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advance¬ ment of Teaching $15,000,000. He created a $5,000,000 benefaction, from Vvhich awards are made annually for heroic deeds. Other millions have gone to schools and hospitals throughout the world, and as the Nation celebrates his birth it has the knowledge that although he died in 1919, he made > it possible for the causes in which he believed to live after him and to con¬ tinue their usefulness through'the years to come. C *■?(.,' 'U.yCl' ^ ft'JH. Of. / 1 o' /f ANDREW CARNEGIE \E&a' hundredth anniversary of tin ibirth of Andrew Carnegie was celebrat _ed this week. He was born in Dunferm line, Scotland, Nov. .25, 1835. Carnegie’; first job was a bobbin boy at Alleghany City, Pa., at $1.20 a week. Later he was telegraph messenger boy, learned teleg¬ raphy and became an operator for thf Pennsylvania railroad. In 1860 he knew enough about railroading to be superin¬ tendent of the Pennsylvania’s Pitt? ■burgh division and his railroad cornice- tions led him to invest in express com¬ pany stocks , and in the securities of a new sleeping car concern. When oil was found in Pennsylvania, he put his divi¬ dend's and savings into oil leases and in jthe late sixties became interested im iron and steel. More than thirty year ago he retired, one of the richest men m the world. Carnegie’s philanthropic gifts .aggro- gate $350,695,000. He gave $60,364,408; to establish 2,811 public libraries in all parts of the world. To the Carnegie En¬ dowment for International Peace Im gave $10,000,000 and to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of M6,000,000, He created a $5, 000,000 benefaction, from which award are made annually for heroic deeds Other millions have gone to schools an< hospitals throughout the world, and as the nation observes the 100th anniver °rL^* s l^th it has the knowledg< that although he died in 1919, he made it possible for the causes in which he believed to live after him and to con nnue their usefulness through the year* to come. iff ' f ^yycJ^ s> p . ■t c C yC&a) p££ " ;' 'A ndre w .Carnegie’s Example ANE hundred years Tgo today Andrew Carnegie was | 1 born to humble parents in Scotland. When he was ^7 13 his parents turned to the New World, and so it came about that this unread lad from “Old ScPtia’ faced the harsh realities of a Promised Land where gold was said to lay in the streets, and brooks ran with., milk and honey. As a messenger boy in Pittsburgh, Andrew Carnegie received $2.50 a week, and a more happy, willing boy could not be found. There was only one thing lacking to make his life complete. That was access to books. There was no free public library. But when he read where a wealthy citizen named Col. James Anderson was opprilfrg" his own extensive private library to “working boys. Young Andy hastened to take advantage^ the offer. That hunger for good reading, for the materials that would improve his mind and thereby enhance the pros¬ pects of getting far in the industry of the New World, was never forgotten. And when great wealth came to him as a steel king, Andrew Carnegie did what he could to make sure no one, young or old, should be without books. Out of his fabulous fortune he gave more than $65,000,000 to build, endow or equip 2,811 libraries, of which 1,900 are in the United States and Canada, and the rest scattered in countries where .the English language is spoken. What a wonderful vision for a man who began humbly, to translate his thankfulness for good fortune into advantages to millions coming after him. It is not as easy to get into the United States as it once was. But now as in the time of Mr, Carnegie coming to these shores, the emigrants from Bonnie Scotland are welcomed for those qualities of thrift and perseverance which their illustrious forebear had in unusual degree. Andrew Carnegie was a great Scotchman, but a greater American. He vindicated a traditional policy , of easy access for those who have looked to America as the land of opportunity, and who have been worthy of the privilege of making this country their home. // ( l l Divided His Wealth Andrew Carnegie died at. 75. This be would have been 100 and for the mani- ; fold libraries he built -and other services 1 which his money to this day provides he is I being amply remembered' now. Carnegie was the Scotsman who seized on money ! with such avidity and skill that he was the | country’s first half-billionaire. ! Then he declared that it-, was a disgrace to die rich and saw to it that actually he \ died comparatively, poor. Nowhere _ near the poorhouse, of course; he had 15 millions I when he died.’ But-he had given 435 mil¬ lions away in America alone. His bene¬ factions were varied and great and, be. added, wise. Carnegie made his millions in a mighty scramble with steel. Tartly by the help of the government, which gave him by its tariffs a virtual monopoly on-the market here, he built a steel industry which he sold to J. Pierpont Morgan,' organizer of United States Steel at a stupendous price. With a genius not to be denied, by means j not too tenderly scrupulous and soft, he i 1 amassed his mountain of money. | Then, he gave it away. The man who ij brought on the Homestead strike with all h its misery and blood placed his name on jj $60,000,000 worth of public libraries, estab- 1 ‘ lished the Carnegie Foundation, the Car¬ negie Foundation for Peace, the Carnegie Hero Fund. More than 7000 church organs in America hymn their praise because Car- | negie gave them existence and voice. 1 Not' soon will the world forget that i phenomenon on which America will ponder j long: the Carnegie who pulled together ft these millions and then flung them back ii at us. ■ is year ; - . ! . al - & C '}h^v / 7 / " Carnegie, Benefactor During the next week, the centenary of his birth, it is well to recall that Zanesville profited in the fortune dis¬ tribution ’ of Andrew Carnegie who built the structure in which bur library is housed at Fifth street and Elberon avenue. Zanesville has one of the few institu¬ tions aided by Carnegie that does not bear his name. While he built Car¬ negie libraries in other cities he made an exception in the case of Zanesville and erected a building to house the John Mclntire public library. This special dispensation was made because Zanesville already had an established library but was in need of adequate quarters to take care of the collection of books that had been acquired by purchase and from gifts of private collections. With the completion of the building donated by Mr. Carnegie the Zanesville Atheneum became known un¬ der the name of a pioneer resident who, interested in many enterprises, amassed a fortune and, like Carnegie, left a large portion of it to give educational privileges to those who otherwise might not have these privileges. The life story of Andrew Carnegie is one of early struggle and eventual success. Much of his fortune was spent in the cause of education, other vast sums were spent to benefit the human race. He can be classed among America’s greatest benefactors. He was a great man. ./< f .< ^ " 1 h' , M ' r l 7 <’.■ p 5 Mi wii ■ bC* - ■t-U ,, tp- 07,'f7*" ' / iiiisiiiiii Carnegie’s Libraries Celebration of the hundredth anniversary M Andrew Carnegie’s birth is a reminder to Youngstown " that when this city needed pnoney to erect the public library building in {Wick Avenue Mr. Carnegie sent*the liberal Contribution needed to make it possible. Mr- Carnegie added that if he had not jfelt Youngstown was wealthy enough to pro¬ vide its own library facilities, he would have given more. The same principle entered into Carnegie’s feift, at a single stroke, of seventy-eight li¬ brary buildings to the city of New York. Re¬ fusing congratulations on his gift,' he said that he was not proud of having made it. “I’ll tell you,” he said, “what I am proud of. I am proud of having induced the second city in the world to bind itself to sustain free libraries throughout its limits for every one of its inhabitants.” In the centenary celebration in Pittsburgh this week the theme of the principal address was the service rendered the country by men of wealth, and the loss the public would suffet if Huey Long’s plan of limiting in¬ comes to $5,000 were adopted. The reminder was timely, for Carnegie brought, home to the nation the benefits of public libraries in a way that no one and nothing else could have done. Until then, American cities did not pay much attention to libraries. They needed a Carnegie to persuade them to tax themselves for books after he gave them their buildings. It is perfectly true that the wise use of wealth and power as exercised by Carnegie raised the standards of American life higher, than they could have been if the United-’ States had had a law. limiting all its citi- \ eens to the same income, so that no one s could rise above the dead level. \ & ' * i • * ! }u n) ;* / d CARNEGIE LIBRARIES All over the United States and in some other parts of the world there were modest celebrations in local libraries in honor of the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie. Mr. Carnegie was a prominent and successful in¬ dustrialist, with many ideas, more or less worth while, on the proper relations of industry to labor and to the commonwealth. He made a great deal of money because of his 1 special abilities and, like a number of other rich men, found that the most sat¬ isfying thing he could do with , that money was < to give it away. His philanthropy took various forms bpt he made a happy choice in the selection of one which had been neglected, as his chief vehicle for carrying his wealth to others. . He developed a systerh through which library buildings were erected all . over the United States and in those other countries in which he was especially interested. They are td.be found today in small cities of only two or three thousand inhabitants or leSs and in large ones. By the time he began his work, naturally, most of the iarger cit¬ ies had substantial libraries. His greatest work Was the provision of .adequate buildings where there were libraries inadequately housed and . in places where the gift meant a library for the first time. ; The books are a more important ..feature of a li¬ brary than a building, but, an appropriate building is an incentive to provide books. The gift for a building usually, perhaps always, contained some proviso as to proper maintenance of the library Strange as it may seem, there; are in every com¬ munity a number of prominent citizens to whom the books in . a library mean little, but who do take a great deal of piride in any sort of handsome public building. It is' safe to say that, Mr. Carnegie made a shrewd choice when he decided to give buildings and let the books be. provided for,. them, rather than to give books and trust to local ’ efforts to provide suitable buildings. : As a memorial the Carnegie library buildings, are- extremely effective. They , are sure to keep Mr. Car¬ negie’s name in the grateful remembrance of library patrons, that is in the remembrance of the more thoughtful part of the community, in large cities and small, all over the land for several generations to come at least. U //At/ lea. *3,/ o' DIVIDED HIS WEALTH Andrew Carnegie died at 75. This year he would have been iOO and for the mani¬ fold libraries he built and other services which his money tp this day provides he is being' amply remembered now. Carnegie was | the Scotsman Who seized on money with such avidity and skill that he was the country’s Tirst half-billionaire. ^ Then he declared that it was a disgrace to die rich and saw to it that actually he died comparatively poor. Nowhere near the poorhouse, of course; he had 15 millions when he died. He had given 435 millions away in America alone. His benefactions were varied and great 0 and, be it added, wise. Carnegie made his millions in a mighty scramble with steel. Partly by the help of the government;' which gave him by its •tariffs a virtual monopoly of the market .here, he built a steel industry which be sold to J. Pierpont Morgan, organizer of U. S. Steel, at a stupendous price. With a genius not to be denied, by means not too tenderly scrupulous and soft, he amassed his mountain Of money. Then he gave if away. The man who brought on the Homestead'"strike with all its misery and blood placed his name on $60,000,006. worth of public libraries, estab¬ lished the Carnegie Foundation, the Car-, j negie Foundation for Peace,, the Carnegie Hero Fund. More than 7,000 church organs in America hymn their praise because; Carnegie gave .them existence and voice. ! Not soon will the world forget that i phenomenon on which America will ponder long: the Carnegie who pulled together these millions and then flung them back at us. c 'H * o ? c? < jj ^ .. -■ OUR LIBRARY START Writers in his time had much fun with I Andrew Ca rnegjg jfor giving away libraries, ] For our part we felt that he was doing a , really great work and we are sorry that he [ did not make arrangements for the work to ! be continued when he was no longer able to I carry on. Ponca City would have waited I many years for a library had it not been for | this Scotch philanthropist and a handful of enterprising women. They worked together saw that Ponca City got a library back in 1907 and that library building, erected at a small part of the cost of such building now, has served and is serving the people of this f * community, which perhaps number ten times as many as then. But of course the building ' is inadequate. That is the reason we have / provided a hundred thousand dollar library : , building and are moving into it next week. 1 But Mr. Carnegie will not be forgotten. He ; is to have a picture in the new building and h it ought to be in oil, one that will be there l : when those now liviqg have; passed from the j scene. Because of his assistance Ponca City 7 has made great strides in serving the in- j tellectual needs of its citizens. c S i yL A-'i c ^--y ^ yi -t u 7,^0 Carnegie and Mansfield’s Library. j^TEXT Monday might well be made a day .of special ob~ servance at the Mansfield public library and in the city’s schools... This day marks the one-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, by whose gift of $35,000 in 1903 the erection of Mansfield’s public library was made possible. Today’s younger generation—including children who are still in school—might find something of value in turning- back the pages of history to the earlier years of the present century and learning something about the life and work of Andrew Carnegie, who was horn in Scotland and came to America as a 13-year-old boyj For awhile he worked as a weaver’s helper in a cotton ' factory at a dollar a week. But while he was doing this he i was learning telegraphy and soon found a position as a rail-1 road telegraph operator. Then he advanced to the superin-1 tendency of a division lor the same railroad. Later he got 1 into the steel business, made a remarkable success and be- 1 came extremely wealthy. It was his belief that rich men were “trustees” of the ■ wealth that came into their hands and that they should f j distribute their surplus in wnys that would contribute to I the common good of mankind. j Mansfield’s public library is an example of the vast num- ber of public libraries built in cities all over the United 1 States through gifts from a library fund into which Mr. T Carnegie put millions of dollars. I An estimate of his total benefactions for various purposes! reaches the staggering total of $350,000,000 and before his I death in 1919 he had given away more than 90 per cent of I his fortune. With the recollection of Mr j Carnegie’s gift to Mansfield,! it seems fitting to also recall the name of Miss Martha |j Mercer, long-time librarian, in those early days and largely I instrumental in securing the grant of money for the local library. Miss Mercer became librarian in 1890, when Mans¬ field’s library was in the Memorial Building, and continued in that capacity until 1914 when she resigned on account s of failing health. Her death'occurred in 1930. Her proudest J moment of achievement came on Saturday evening, Dec. 19, 1908 when .the new library on West Third street was formal- ; Jy opened to the public. If, by chance, there is a Mansfield school boy sufficiently * interested to turn to other sources for more infQrmation re- : garding the life of Andrew Carnegie there is that one phase * of his early life that may well be kept in mind—he wa's not paid more than one dollar a week untiP he EARNED more ! than one dollar a week! , J l U : u 'O : < THE IRONMASTER WITH A VISION The English speaking woi-ld next week Will observe the one-hundredth anniversary of a Scotchman who became an American and whose life constitutes one of the real romances of American life—Andrew C ar-^ negie. In thousands of cities and thousands of schools the story will be retold of the man who arose from a humble. position of toil to become one of the wealthiest of Ameri¬ ca’s iron and steel manufacturers, and who elected to use his. money for establishing and equipping libraries. . He might have done like others—left his money to scientific research in a certain field or fields. He might have established a religious foundation. He might have en¬ dowed schools arid colleges. Any of these would have been commendable. But An- ihW' Carnegie’s vision was broader than any or all of these objectives-—it included -them all and more. It provided for libraries, well stocked and well equipped. And when-a community has a well directed and properly selected-library, it has an en¬ trance into all the sciences, in fields of philosophy, arts, education, religion, within the covers'of its volumes. In addition to these there is entertainment of a whole¬ some sort, a place of relaxation, a haven from the world’s annoyances at least for a brief period. Truly the vision and the wise munificence of Andrew Carnegie has great¬ ly blessed many people. xix '■ ' — . £ jy l U cA b - t -hlE CARNEGIE CENTENARY, jH AT least two countries this week the _ centenary of the birth of Andrew Car- y negie has been observed with appropriate ceremonies. Radio listeners have' been treated to a description of' the weaver’s, cottage in Dunfermline, Scotland, where the famous steel maker was born a century ago. His wise use of his fortune for the advance-. ment of mankind has won wide pr.aise. It is appropriate that these ceremonies should be held at this time. The country is hearing a great deal about “sharing the wealth" and “taxing" bigness in industry. An organized effort is being made to dis-. credit the possession of riches. The "high and mighty" leaders of finance and industry have been pointed to almost as public ene¬ mies. Apparently the country has forgotten Andrew Carnegie’s peculiar philosophy of wealth by which the American people have profited. , Mr. Carnegie evolved the doctrine of trusteeship" in wealth. In his opinion a man should live modestly, make provision for his dependents and then hand the remainder of his money back to society. This philosophy he epitomized in his famous remark about it being a “disgrace" to die rich. Consequently the country now has any number of monuments to Mr. Carnegie’s philosophy and generosity. During his life¬ time it is estimated that he gave away about, $-350,000,000. Much of this went to the Carnegie Trusts, a group of philanthropic organizations endowed—according to recent reports—with $235,000,000. Nor can it be forgotten that in hundreds of cities the name; ___.• ~ ir, ' ^^i ? oecnriaforl W/ifh Carnegie is uniformly associated with libraries that are the result of his beneficence. Fortunately Mr. Carnegie’s gifts were HtfNOR TO ANDREW CARNEGIE ’Chickasha and Grady county, like triel •est q£ the United States was happy ^ A I generations of children. P dkh'more Instead of passing bis ncbesi on ■to - i Srew CarnTgie L wSthebook considerably better forhe ga T k St 9 entr r^hb^reteA . L nd dS in OWahoma. He had grown ifu v from the people of the city j wealthy ^ H j s fortune had been j ^^S: h ospiUi ) a»-a| f" gSX^'hfhL lived jj (find favor among the masses of t e peo j 1^ ——— made with the same shrewdness and fore¬ sight that marked his business career. Speakers at the centennial exercises have pointed out that his selection of trustees to administer his endowments was exception¬ ally good. Although not a university man himself, he gave millions to universities but left the trustees of his selection free to : exercise their own judgment. This week’s observances prove that Mr. -Carnegie left behind him something besides great wealth to be used for public purposes. He will be remembered for his theory of “trusteeship” in wealth—a theory widely accepted by other wealthy Americans, which has aided materially in the intellectual and cultural growth of the country. —--.-. -. — — ■———- szj? / c /s * ' LA GRANDE GRATEFUL Tre than passing- attention is being given here this week to the one hundredth anniver¬ sary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie. His name will be remembered wlifr ^e(^ ' »g ¥ , ate- f illness not only in this city, but in hundreds of other cities over the world. Because it was | Carnegie, a multi-millionaire, who provided | the greatest assistance to the public library I movement, and the educational momentum ! derived from his gifts has never slowed up | to any appreciably extent. ' It was a $12,500 gift from Carnegie that made possible the La GraMe library, and over at Union, a Carnegie library also, is functioning. Without his generous assist¬ ance, it is doubtful if either place would have an adequate library today. With his assistance, a new avenue of cul- | ture and entertainment was opened years ago to the thousands of people in this city and at Union, and to millions and millions of I people over the world.- To show that it has | been eagerly trod one only needs to refer to 1; circulation figures. From a comparatively j small volume back in 1918, the year when | the library was built, the circulation has I climbed to a total of 125,000 last year, i We, as a city and as individuals, always |must be grateful to Andrew Carnegie be¬ cause of his generosity and vision, which combined to create added opportunities for adult education and entertainment that otherwise might still be many years behind the present admirable standards. A v L & G A £ " )'U v J f //d $ A BUILDER OF AMERICA Of Augustus Caesar it was said: “He found Rome a village of stones and left it a city of marble.” It might likewise be written of Andrew Carnegie, whose birth a hundred years ago the world celebrates tins mont-h. “He found America a land of wooden towns and left it a na¬ tion of steel.” Born in an attic in an industrial city of Scotland, he found in America the opportunity which the land of his adoption al¬ ways gives to great men who recognize needs and bend their efforts to supply what a land requires. Emerson once said: f ‘An institution is the lengthened shadow of a great builder.” It was not with material things alone that Andrew Carnegie built. He placed his great fortune at the disposal of a nation, and our intellectual life is enriched today because Carnegie knew that to build men’s minds was as important as to minister to their bodies. All his beneficience was grounded on the principle of self-help. Whenever he extended aid to an institution or a community, he de¬ manded that his contributions be matched by sufficient local support to prove conclusive evidence of the fact that his money would not be spent in vain. He learned that the best way to have fun in life was to make others, do something worthwhile wjh the fortune he had accu¬ mulated. As long as America’s ambitions remain unsatisfied, the spirit that made Carnegie’s achievements possible will continue to animate its people and great men will build their lives into the life of a great nation. jT 4 J\/xUL»C . i - 44 Ai,- 4' A2/L c }L^)o7 / / ?" !Je Developed a Philosophy of Wealth of cities and towns throughout the of the birth rew C ^negie ye sterday, .. The cities and towns were those whose people have been, are and will continue long to be the beneficiaries of the canny little Scotch boy-'who came to the United States, made a fortune in steel and then turned it back: almost in toto to the .American; people through the es¬ tablishment of libraries and other philanthropies. Carnegie was the first American to become outstand¬ ing through gifts running, intp many millions of dollars. He established a; philosophy as to, riches i that has been adopted on larger and smaller scale by a host of Amer¬ ican philanthropists. He emphasized and put intp prac--. tide tire philosophy that great wealth is a trust, to be administered by its owner in the people’s interest. Ac¬ cording to his light 1 he administered it for the benefit, of people who wish to read, in addition to providing for many other philanthropies not only in this country but in other countries, particularly in his beloved homeland. [ C- it it c /(• V' 'c /i -& v ; ^9, /9 '3'2> CARNEGIE’S ANNIV ERSARY— | So vast were the gifts of Andrew Carnegie to this, his adopted land, I that the centennary of his birth is fittingly observed this week as an event of national importance. Carnegie has already gone down m history as a man whose innate generosity and great foresight combined to enable him to make the sort of contributions that will live so long as . OUt Because T their great number, the name of Carnegie is usua ^ associated with the many fine libraries he founded and which bear his name. But his benefactions did not stop there. The great institution o learning in Pittsburgh, also named after him, is a living monument, as “foundations for research his money has endowed. And one , cannot' forget, of course, the great Peace Palace at the Hague In making all these things possible, Andrew Carnegie was following to the letter his own formula for the conduct of a man of great wea , tarhiph reads as follows t . “This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display of extrava- ZZe; to provide nJdestly for the legitimate wants of those dependent |on him: and after doing so, to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer in the manner, which, in his judgment, is best calculated to the | most beneficial results for the community _ the man of wealth thus ( i becoming the trustee and agent for his poorer brethren. . ! Carnegie is unique hi this respect as are the Rockefellers, b I generous public gifts have by no means been confined to a ' ew “ America. Untold millions’have been donated in years gone y y Americans to perpetually endow certain institutions or specific functions performed by them. It is. hard to find a college or hospital, an orphan- | age or a semi-public organisation which has not benefittedon this wise. The will of our own GeneraUTrexler is a case in point. * . ■ Such a spirit is typically American and vie should honor it on such occasions as this. The art of giving is one we would do well to cultivate and, as more men of means become adept at it and enter into its spirit, the less we will h'ear of proposals to tax wealth out of existence or to a point where it must drastically reduce gifts of the Carnegie type. t C ClS&jLuCc L> A. I 'll/ it tv. ^ 7 / /'V/ 0 THE CARNEGIE'ANNIVERSARY * It is well'to recall the anniversary of the birth of the late | Andrew Carnegie. Not a few of America’s wealthy men had before his time made great gifts to the people of the country, y bearing with them possibilities of happiness through the flowery lanes of culture. Some of them gave for the preven¬ tion of ills physical, and for means of recovery.„ Most per¬ haps chose education in various forms—libraries, music, the arts pictorial. Peter Cooper established that great founda¬ tion to which for decades visitations have been made in study. Cornell’s gift is associated with his name. The founder of Vassar started the first woman’s college. Later came Smith’s | great gift to education. Johns Hopkins gave to both the mental and the physical rehabilitation of man. When in the commercial years following the Civil War big fortunes w6re~ piled up, many collected paintings and helped museums, like Pierpont Morgan, Frick, Clarke, Powers of Eochester. Flager I gave to music. Altman to painting. But Carnegie, deprived of earlier education, became a reader of good books and surrounded himself with learned men. Like the true Scot he had a reverence for learning. He was the first to openly declare his credo that no man ought to die rich; that he should turn back to the country most of what the country had permitted him opportunity to gather. And so, with exception of a smaller amount for the com¬ fort of his widow, he disposed of many millions in founda¬ tions for learning. He established hundreds of libraries. He | gave many organs 4o churches. He erected foundations of income for pensions of educators, and for assisting the cause of higher education. What the benefit of all this, it is not for any man to say, for such things have no accepted gage of value. But the country and the world may well honor a man who thought it shameful to amass wealth and not evep- , tually give that wealth for the benefit of the whole people. CL- - PHILANTHROPIST Observance of the centenary thej, birth of Andrew Carnegie on Nov. 2- »\rxr«z:xi ln rn TZ 1o"h-tSba ~.b lout the international .troubles which | threaten to bring about another war | as America observes the centenary of C CarnXfeWitute of Technology at I Pittsburgh, Carnegie Endowment for ! International Peace with head g Iters-at Washington, Carnegie Iouri nation for Advancement of Teaching . £ New York, Carnegie Hero *™* Commission and Carnegie IMtift#® Of Washington are among the pnnc pal philanthropic projects which stand as monuments to the name of the man who came to America from Scotland at the age of 13 and found- pn a fortune in steel. . \ In addition to these trusts, Carnegie gave millions to libraries, education¬ al institutions and charitable enter¬ prises of many hinds. I' The Carnegie Foundation for the, i Advancement of Teaching has had a ! profound effect on American educa tional standards. Founded _ for the purpose of providing pensions for I retiring teachers and professors, the foundation has succeeded in raisin^ educational standards to conform with provisions -of the foundation j •which required that the institution, to he eligible for such benefits, must conform to certain prerequisites. i Another'function of the foundation has been’to conduct investigations, which have been' the basis for im¬ portant reforms in educational meth- ‘ ^Carnegie Institution of Washington was founded in 1902 “to encourage m the broadest and most liberal ^man¬ ner investigation, research and dis- I covery and the application of know- ! ledge to the improvement of man- 1 1U The institution' directs its efforts to | I investigation in those fields not^ eg-. Jdinarily the province of est&bllshel | educational institutions. a Carnegie Tech at Pittsburgh has 1 had a rapid, afid successful growth .-. . ■ I since it was founded in 1900 and en- H dowed, at that time and later, to the .; I extent of about $15,000,000. The cause I of peace has also benefited greatly I because of endowments from the Car- 1 negie estate. | The Carnegie centenary will be, 1 principally observed in New York, ^ 1 Washington and Pittsburgh. 1 One of the features of the New . 1 York celebration will be a concert in . • I Carnegie Hall conducted by Walter I Damrosch who acted as master ot > j ceremonies when the auditorium was | Secretary of State Cordell Hull will | be' principal speaker at the Washing¬ ton celebration^ at the Pan American Union building.' Carnegie Institute at; Pittsburgh will sponsor the observ¬ ance there. In connection with the centenary,; 21,000 portraits of Carnegie* have; been distributed to libraries through-j out the country and will be unveiled ; with appropriate ceremonies, , ,i CL / . 4 ‘ < S•iw. ^o;/7 t5 ' r Carnegie Centenary ^Terday is the centenary of the birth of Andrew Car- negie, whose gifts to Pittsburgh and thq United States | and the whole world began a train of similar giving ■ which have provided greater advantages for mankind j; than any other age of the world has ever known. : Andrew Carnegie was a typical American, although <■ a native of Scotland. He had the qualities America need- |. / ed at the time when he employed them for the Common j The genius of Andrew Carnegie was untrammeled here. A poor boy, whose capital w:-s within his own heart, he built a gfekt industry, providing employment I , for vast numbers of workers, directly, and a vaster num¬ ber indirectly. j Carnegie knew what wealth is, and how to create wealth, and employed his knowledge so well that he dis¬ tributed hundreds of millions of dollars ,ior the blessing of his fellows in ways beyond the conceptions of the j masses. ' L . j- If the building of public libraries had been left to the action of politicians, few of the cities which have been blessed with Carnegie gifts of libraries would have them. Carnegie required local co-operation and quite a number of communities failed to induce their govern¬ mental bodies to accede to his demands. In those which obtained Carnegie libararies, the urge of the leading j citizens was necessary to secure the political action re- i quisite. Mr. Carnegie gave many organs to churches and contributed half the cost of many other organs. ; Had Mr. Carneige not had the opportunities to make money America provided, or had the political conditions ; under which he operated been such that the govern- 7 ment would have confiscated extortionate portions of ; his creations, there would be no such steel industry in , America as there is, and he would never have been able j to give away the hundreds of millions of dollars he gave. | Governments do not create wealth and when they p: exact robber taxes from those able to create it, they pre- j.. vent its creation, just as the man who killed the goose •; that laid the golden eggs effectually stopped the golden egg production. . . f Andrew Carnegie made a great contribution to the Welfare of the workers of the world. The steel industry j has always been a leader in the payment of high wages . in this country and although no steel workers in the world enjoy such rewards for their labor as the Ameri¬ can steel workers, the standards set by American steel industrialists furnished a goal for the steel industry all j . over the globe. As the wage standards of the steel workers advanc¬ ed the standards of all other workers advanced. " Andrew Carnegie was interested in learning, He had had few opportunities to acquire learning himself; he had had to dig for all he got, and he felt that if it had J been easier for him, he might have done better. | Perhaps. That is always a debatable question. j With the vest opportunities present generation Americans have, ah the result of the thoughtfulness of those who have gone before them, it is doubtful whether they will measure .up to the standards set for them. Andrew Carnegie was not one who depended upon others to do for him; he regarded himself as challenged ’ to do for others. He accepted the challenge, which too j, many present day youths view cynically. The achievements of Andrew Carnegie help us to , understand the importance of self reliance in the build- ; j ing of character and the urgency of maintaining condi- j ! tions that encourage young men to emulate him. Carnegie's Anniversary Two months from now, the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie will be celebrated throughout the " V ° rl As a scene of his early triumphs which eventually made him one of the world’s great philanthropists, Braddock should share in the celebration. . ; A community observance, marked by a program which might include a community business, choral, dramatic and political groups, would be appropriate. .„«****' u- r1 ■ . y.L.ti-bU.l' 'V Cj-H 0-)? , z CARNEGIE’S EXAMPLE TO OTHER . WEALTHY MEN. r The 100th anniversary of the 'birth \ inf. Andrew Carnegie, as tire son of | poor parents in Dmnferline, Scotland, | | lat£r to become one of the: world’s j ® vo.althest men, which was celebrated t 1 throught the world on Monday, was jj ' not without: ifiterest in CojmellsviUe J a nd the . coke region to which this city j; I gave- its name. Through his presentation of the . Carnegie Library and. organs ; to city ^ I churches our citizens have opportuu- '■% ' 3 ty, every day in the " week to recall the ■■ .benefaction®, of this .great philan-B Pthropist. During his lifetime he gave L : a.way practically . $3oO,QOO',{)(>Q for li- j. braries, organs and in other forms in I the United States add all oyer the | world. - Rather early in life, after he had acquired great) wealth, he expressed himself as believing it was a disgrace v J if a rich man did not die poor. Much L j as. lie strove to .give away* his. for- S tune he did- not achieve this objective, '■ | but he made provisions., for carrying w on many charitable enterprises after / : his . death. These covered activities. having a wide range as indicated by the names by which they are known. The Carnegie Pension Fund, h- has paid millions to former employes || of the. Carnegie Steel Company and ... I its various affiliated companies. The M 1 Carnegie. Hero Fund ha® given recog- | nition to acts of bravery by hundreds p) I of persons who hiave performed acts p .j Of* heroism in saving human life. The | :■ | Carnegie Peace Fund has earnestly, if |L vainly, sought to .promote peace in L the world. The Carnegie Foundation p: ‘ carries, on many of the continuing ;1? charitable activities which he ©stab- 1 | liehed before his death. The'Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg, rates as one of the foremost institutions of learning m where hundreds of young people are fitted for their, life work. ‘ PP In these and other activities Mr. Carnegie developed a new respoh- sibility for persons of great wealth, r | He not only distributed much of his v* own means while living, but he made ’i provisions by which it would continue |- i to much good. Ion,g after he had passed i from the scene of his accumulations. ■ In these thing®) he brought to other jjL men a realization that wealth is not a. personal possession, but a trust. He L may not have administered this; trust j! as many persons thought best, but he J . did point the way. by which wealthy i.. ; ! , men can distribute their; possessions f t -; I in such manner as to serve humanity, •and without depriving themeelve® .of |p : an ample share to care for the un-jjp (fruitful ytars of their lives. j' ■ / i'A-u CARNEGIE’S CENTENARY Many countries recently celebrated the centenary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, a true son of Scotia. The rugged climate of Scotland breeds character as the many braw lads and bonnie lassies who came to America give proof. Coming to this country in 1848, a penni¬ less lad, Carnegie worked his way up from a bobbin-boy in a cotton factory at Alle¬ gheny, Pa., to be head of he Carnegie Steel Co., which the United States Steel Corp. took over in 1901 for $250,000,000. As he worked, Andrew Carhegie read and thought, and by 1889 he had evolved his doctrine of the “trusteeship” of wealth. This held that a man of wealth should live modestly and make reasonable provision for his dependents, and then hand back to society the rest of the money that he had gained from it. That was the origin of his statement that it was a disgrace for a man to die rich. * Acting upon that, principle, Carnegie gave away approximately $350,000,000 and died a much poorer man than he had lived. Art and science, education, and world peace shared in his benefactions. There is charity which dulls incentive and ambition by giving people something for nothing. And there is charity which quickens in¬ centive and encourages the ambitious by providing the means and pointing the way to greater and nobler accomplishments. Andrew Carnegie had had to work hard for what he got out of the world and, for that reason, it would have been surprising if, of those two means of disposing of his wealth, he had not chosen the latter. r . ' "‘ WORDS AND WEALTH i _ The life story of. Andrew Carnegie must be indeed en¬ grossing to the ■younger generation, who connect him only with the Carnegie medals for heroism in civil life. His re¬ markable story is being retold these days in connection with the observance of the 100th anniversary of his birth, which is today. But the re-telling will hold the- interest of many of older year?, who can recall some of the actions of the man. It’s a two-fold story, the rise of the man from a humble station in life to a commanding position, and the amazing gifts which he made to agendes which Ke felt would aid man¬ kind, the common man, There is drama in the Alger-life story of his rise, an example to others. But there is greater drama in the story of this humble man who gave away 90 per cent of all his wealth. There never was such a giver in the past. He paved the way for benefactions. He made great wealth a ‘public responsibility. Perhaps the strangest part of the story of the life of j the man is the absence of criticism of the method by which ! he made his money. Perhaps folk were’less critical in those days, but certainly Carnegie’s name was not stained by the I muck rackets;? He was not held up to contempt and ridicule | hy the common man, as are so many great captains of in- | dustry who are unable to avoid that public loathing even though they give away millions, j Looking back over the man’s life, his, humble beginning | and his lack of education, one can well wonder from whence came those ideas which marked his later life—courage to de- j clare great wealth was a public trust, to give such sums for libraries, for education, for scientific research, for the 1 cause of peace. Carnegie answers that question himself in his autobiography. It came from a love of independence, en¬ shrined by the stories of those Scots patriots—Wallace and Bruce. But that love of the common man was put into words by another humble Scot who lived years ago, a plowman— Robert Burns, who sang of common things, the common man and declared—“a man’s a man for a’ that.” It may seem strange that the words of a poet, of so long ago should move a man of great wealth to set in motion forces which should strengthen democracy. There are still miracles in these later days. ' <■ /J L#? THE CARNEGIE CENTENARY D URING the Andrew Carnegie centenary ob¬ servance of this week we believe it is well to give some local recognition of the late steel master’s benefactions. Montgomery county churches have benefited’by them, in the presen¬ tation of Carnegie organs. There is a chance that after the Carnegie library foundation shall resume construction fund allotments, Norristown will be enabled to obtain a much needed new library building in this way. Andrew Carnegie gave away, or perhaps we might say transferred to others, $350,000,000. Born to poverty in a weaver’s cottage in, Scot¬ land, he rose rapidly in America from telegrapher to railroader to captain of industry arid to the foremost protagonist of triumpharit democracy. He might have had a British title, as his biographer has said; he preferred to be an un¬ titled American citizen. But his active mind “a dukedom was to him.” It girdled the earth with libraries, gave scientists the -freedom of the earth arid skies, brought the ministry of medicine to the many and recognized the heroisms of peace through his various foundations. He established the Hague Tribunal for the promotion of international peace and gave it a palace for its meetings in saying: “Surely no civilized community of our day can resist the conclusion that the killing of man by man, as a means of settling international disputes, is the foulest blot upon human society.” In many respects Andrew Carnegie was the greatest man of his generation. He played no favorites, was a great judge of men and always gave each worker a fair opportunity to show his best. Careful to the point of exaction in obtain¬ ing the largest amount obtainable in a transac¬ tion, he was generous to a fault in distributing his gains for worthy objects and the ameliora¬ tion of society, an animated anomaly of the Scotch tradition of thrift at the cost of penny- pinching. It has been well said of Carnegie that he sat as a master weaver at the Loom of Time and by his shuttle thrown to and fro gave to history a new pattern for democracy., .t/u. -j ANDREW CARNEGIE One hundred years ago yesterday, Novem¬ ber 25, Andrew Carnegie was born. Before he died, in 1919, when approaching his eighty- fourth birthday, he had given away $359 mil¬ lions. He built nearly 2,000 libraries in the United States and nearly 900 in other English- speaking countries; he established the Car¬ negie Institute of Pittsburgh, the Carnegie In¬ stitution of Washington, the Carnegie Corp. of New York, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, the Carnegie En¬ dowment for International Peace, and other highly useful institutions. In many cities throughout the United States this centenary occasion was celebrated by public spirited citizens. Perhaps no other citizen of this country left more enduring monuments to his memory for the benefit of mankind for generations to come Than Mr. j Carnegie. But his most useful work, as Business Week points out, was not this philanthropy, although this and little else will be praised at all the memorial meetings this week* Andrew Carnegie’s chief gift to mankind was his development of the steel industry. It has affected every other industry and nearly every phase of life on this continent. The nature of our civilization has been determined by one enormous industrial progress. Other j benefits flo v from this, as inevitably as high-j Ways are multiplied because of the motor car. The Carnegie Centennial From the soil’‘where Scottish kings lived in Dunfermline, came Andrew Carnegie to American shores at the age of twelve—and the rest of his long and useful life was identified with Western Pennsylvania. From a bobbin boy in Allegheny, he traveled the familiar stages of the suc¬ cessful American business man. He was the first’uniformed telegraph messenger boy ever seen in Pittsburgh. He took up railroading and finally he drifted into steel-making . . . The rest is legend. On the 100th anniversary of his birth, it is inspiring to review his life; how when he had reached 75 he had given away $300,000,000 . . . how he. founded 2,811 libraries, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ac¬ companied by the building of the Peace Palace at The Hague and last, but not least, the Hero Fund. Into the arts and sciences, his wide¬ spread contributions penetrated and his generosity was responsible for revolu¬ tionary reforms and improvements in American medicine, physics, chemistry; biology, archaeology and astronomy. ■ Someone described him as having “cut new windows” in the house of darkness for mankind. It is fitting, therefore, that the world should pay tribute to his memory this 1 week ... to the man who preferred to be a “distributor” rather than “philan¬ thropist” and who so eloquently refuted the common conception of “tight ; Scotchmen.” SOMETHING IN A NAME AS THOUGHT IS TURNED TO THE approaching birth¬ day of Andrew Carnegie, noted philanthropist who was born on November 2^7TdbaT citizens will recall that the beautiful and modern library building for Knoxville Negroes, located on East Vine Avenue, was made possible through the philan¬ thropic spirit of the aged millionaire. Time and time again this publication has endeav¬ ored to discourage use^ of the name “COLORED LIBRARY,” in referring to the institution made possible by Mr. Carnegie s financial aid, and instead, use of the right and proper name - CARNEGIE LIBRARY. Invariably, even those in charge of the institution refer to it as the “Free Colored Library.” Such not only indicates gross thoughtlessness, but a flagrant in¬ gratitude toward the donor that is indefensible and inexcus¬ able. Reports indicate that the Carnegie Library on Vin e Ave¬ nue will display posters, together with a large framed por¬ trait of Mr. Carnegie, and staging of a celegration. It appears that such a time would be opportune to inaugurate a cam¬ paign designed to educate the populace of both races to refer to the institution used by Negroes as the CARNEGIE LIBRA¬ RY! This is one instance wherein there is something in a f'A, tt* <&. ^ -A- a - ^ ^>6 /f & * | IN HONOR OF CARNEGIE. If one person could start now and j enjoy, until they ran out, all the happy hours Chattanoogans have experienced in reading the books of the Public Library, what a very long r and delightful life he would have! | The accumulation of hours would * begin shortly after 1887; when the original Library Association raised a fund by holding a bazaar in an old ■ | frame warehouse which stood on the I present site of the Tivoli theater. ; The Association maintained a col- If lection of books for several years in ' first one- rented space and then I another. Not until 1902, when Andrew Car¬ negie’s gift of $50,000 was made available, did the City establish the library which today serves hundreds of people. The members of the origi¬ nal board of directors of the Li¬ brary, as listed in The Chattanooga * Times of March 18 of that year, were 'Edward G. Richmond, president of ! ' Richmond Cotton Oil Company; : Doctor John H. Race, president of j Grant University; General R. w. ; Healy, president Ross-Mehan Foun- j dry Company; Lewis M. Coleman, a [ leading ldwyer, conspicuous in va- j rious tax reform movements; Milton j T. Freeman, president Dixie Plow j Company; A. N. Sloan, general agent.| Mutual Life Insurance Company; [ Henry Schwartz, a leading mer¬ chant; Paul S. Poindexter, of the Chattanooga Steel Roofing com¬ pany, and Z. W. Wheland, secretary and treasurer Wheland Machine P; Works and Chattanooga Machinery Company. It was fitting-that the ; Chattanooga Library Association ob- | served yesterday the one hundredth {} anniversary of Mr. Carnegie’s birth. £■’ Addressing the board of directors, Mr. E. Y. Chapin, who was re-elected President, said: If Andrew Carnegie had done no more than lead a cmintless multitude of his fellow-men« toward better re- | warded tasks, ,we should honor his memory today. If he had done no | more than to inspire the people of his t|-f generation with a keener desire for culture, and place the means of at¬ taining it within reach of their hands, we should- render him our tribute of respect to/~ />U ' C Carnegie, Distributor >L«w»llEW CARNEGIE, whose birth a ce|i- ^ OU7 ag tr i r-ffSTriprelebrated this week both in.his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver but a pro¬ foundly wise distribu&r of millions. •; Before he was 75 the old ironmaster • had plowed back into America 435 million R ^-of the dollars he picked up so easily oyer | here. He kept only 15 millions, which f- proved ample. His benefactions, in libraries | .and in health, scientific and peace founds- | Lions “grubstaked -a regiment of prospec¬ tors on the frontiers oi learning’’ and understanding. They will bear fruit in a j more civilized humanity for generations to come. Had Carnegie’s example been followed . by other multimillionaires it might not i have been necessary for the Government now to take measures for sowing the na¬ tional wealth more widely. In a country where multimillionaires have ceased to be la novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare. Too # many h ( of the very rich took all their savings and ^ | reinvested them in their own plants, in an Si effort to make more money or for want B of any idea of what to do with their ex- cess. That is why our most prosperous 1 years found the' industrial plant so over- | ‘built that one-fifth of it was loafing, and Z the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy |what it did turn out. as an earner Andrew Carnegie was a trugged individualist, but as a spender he jwas a social-minded and broad-visioned i, humanist. >. / %* ... ' “Gospel of Wealth” The world has just honored 1 , with unexcelled sincerity* ^ e | centenary of the birth of Audrey Carnegie, in November of 1835, at Dumfermline, in Scotland, a poor boy wh*o was to come to America with his way to make. A century now after that un¬ noted birth, men in every part of the world are praising the name of Carnegie, not for the fabulous fortune that he made, but for the huge proportion of it that he spent for the endowing of human welfare, for the stimulating of the soul of peace, by gifts so varied, go generous in size, and, so wisely placed that they are well counted upon “to work forever to improve man’s lot.” The Carnegie “Gospel of Wealth,” concerned itself with the distribu¬ tion of a fortune and not with the gaining of it. Of Carnegie’s vast millions, 90 per cent was spent by him for,,the good of his fellow men and for the cause he cherished, while he himself was still alive. His own hand guided the estab¬ lishing of these great foundations, and cherished their continuing spirit. It is for these, and not the fact of his amazing fortune that his name is a part of the language and life of the world today. It is not his fortune, but “the fruits of his fortune” that men are counting up with a renewal of gratitude,- one . hundred years, now since the year that he was born. f c 'Tim. HE SAW INTO j PEOPLE’S LIVES wj| r l be.,.eulogi'/.Wt~"this month. He sho; Id be. He did much for the people. ’ Carnegie gave away millions that public libraries might bh built. They have proven of great benefit to the world. Cleburne’s Carnegie library is one of its greatest assets. There you may read without charge and without mterrup- ti on the best books on the market today. , CleburneV library has more than 20,000 volumes. It is» supported by a tax against the people but the per capita cost is but about 38 cents. That’s cheap for a year s read- j ” Frankly we do not see how the efficiency of the library has been maintained with the small amount of revenue in¬ volved The fact that it has carried on in its outstanding manner through the years when tax payments werwlow is an indication that those in charge of it are good business people indeed. Cleburne has had a Carnegie (library for 30 years. Its contribution to the people can |ot be'measured in dollars and cents. ■ , . ,,, It is always in need of book! Cleburne people should look over their collections. They will find many volumes there that would serve a spleiidid purpose in the libraj, but are now of ho use to anybody. _ / The library is something tha| should receive the unstint¬ ed support of all the peopje. Carnegie Week. .., u Nearly- fifty years ago Andrew Carnegie enunciated the doctrine that ‘Tie who dies rich dies disgraced.” If Mr. Carnegie him¬ self died rich it was not because of any fault : of his own. Wealth, like poverty, is hard to get rid of. *• Mr. Carnegie gave away 350 million dollars in his life time and died leav¬ ing many millions more to carry on the philanthropies he established. Chief among them, of course, are libraries. Three thousand of them, scattered over the English-speaking world, with about 2,000 in the United States. The Scottish ironmaster deserved credit for establishing the modern library system by which books are made available to mil¬ lions who otherwise would be deprived of this means to a “‘more abundant life.” Be¬ fore Carnegie dreamed his dream, the com¬ mon man was not likely ever to have the privilege, of taking his choice of thousands of volumes on every subject under the sun. Books were for the well to do or those resid¬ ing in walking distance of 'a civic library. These latter were scarce indeed. Mr. Carnegie’s 100th anniversary fell on November 25. In his memory this is Carne- Igie Week. The millions who have enjoyed jthe books available at Carnegie libraries owe p to themselves to recall with gratitude the name of the man who contributed to their welfare and enjoyment of life. | The people of the English-Speaking worlds pye much to,tile Laird of Skibo. J 'Xj J'Ls-t) C 4 ^ ^ V CARNEGIE WEEK : Nearly fifty years ago Andrew Carnegie enunciated doc- Trine that “He who. dies rich dies disgraced.” If Mr. Car- I ■negie himself died rich it was not because of any fault of his ; own. Wealth, like poverty, is hard to get rid of. Mr. Car- j negie gave away.350 million dollars in his life time and died, | leaving many millions more to carry on the philanthropies ! he established. , Chief among them, of course, are libraries.. Three thousand of them, scattered over the English - speaking ‘world, with about 2,000 in the United States. The Scottish ironmaster deserves credit for establish¬ ing the modern library system by which books are made available to millions who otherwise would be deprived of i 'this means to a “more abundant life.” Before Carnegie j: dreamed his dream, the common man was not likely ever to j have the privilege of taking his choice of thousands of vol- ! umes on every subject under the sun, Books were for the well to do or those residing within walking distance of a civic library. These latter were scarce indeed. Mr. Carnegie’s 100th anniversary fell on November 25. In his memory this is Carnegie Week. The millions who have enjoyed the books available at Carnegie libraries owe it to; themselves to recall with grafitude the name of ■the';! man who contributed to their welfare and enjoyment of life. The people of the English-speaking world owe much I to the Laird of Skibo. ' V". — _ rygrcTO - .. r , UL _,, ..I, „ i „_._ _ |R|MMMPP|M|p|9pn . Arnutfv the l-ooth anniversary of the birth of Andrew 1 ■: d &V 4mb da rfwl jStnTpf IseXtVdln'IfndeeX'eity of his; ■ o a/-.v 0()6 000 before hedi£.d. QUfhis amoun h?ex rieridel*( firsl of the (treat group of 1 ttjrSgg Sss: i'^^hfiiron M^ter'.was'the first of the multi-mijiionaiifes: of the Aatidn to take the^ position that ? r fft wealth wa^. trust, rather than an individjallT owned. pWerty,aftd ’Mng 'of a^lthor as ^ell as a makerW ste^- rads-he enunciated this bit of philosophy of w,ealth. -This, 1 is lu.ld is be .the duty of tiro bat. otVculU,: ■ • -ToVt an e«..lpk ot*'od«A, ungytoWfionsMng, . •aispUy 01 oxtfavaname ; to provide m&deiately for the lc„ P - mate wants of those .dependent upon him ; and, aftu d ap so, to eohsider all siitplus revenues which come to him amply 1 :ie trust -funds; w»h .he* is 'called upon -to-.ddmimstep-and . ■ stftMy -bound -as-a matter , of dujiy to administer m the ; * manner which in his judg-mo.ll, is test calculated to produce, the most beneficial resurfs H? f|* e community. - - : “Surely ho ''civilize^ comtfWnity in *>Ur day, can'.resjst v . the conclusion that the. .billing T>:f : nw .ty W, ^ of settHnto -internati'onal.dispiite-s, is ’the. foulest blot upon human society, tho pattest curse of Human life, and that as long* as men continue, thus to kill jnfe- andtiher, th6y have slight, claim to rrffck as civilised.”;’ • “Upoii’ nd foundation; but 'that, of popular.'education can man erect -the- .structure of -an 1 enduring- civilization. ■ This is “the basis ; of all stability, aW underlies all prog-, dess. Without it,'the $fcate ,aroki|^t builds in vain/’^ C : ‘'The. most im'plj^ive cluty' / of the state -is the uuiypisa' rfducatiofi of ‘the masses. No nipkey which can be visefuHy spent for- this indi&ii:ensa,ble : encl.pshpuld,. he‘ clemed. Hubiic sentiment should, 'on ..the' contrary, ' approve the doctrine, that the moi'e ? that can be' judiciously spent, the- better for .the- country. TheTe is no msuraneb ol nations so cheap as the "■enlightenment-of thebpeoplc.”. ' , ; - :\, / - / “I choose ‘free--libraries as the best,‘agencies for im¬ proving the masses" of the'.-people/ because they give, noth¬ ing for nothing. They only help-those who help themselves. ' They never pauperVzp. ..They reach the aspiring, and,'open to these the chief tieasuies. of ‘the -world--Those stored up in books. A;'taste -for reading drives,out lower tastes . . . I pre¬ fer the free public .library to nap st if not any other agencies Tor The happiness arid improvement of a community. <• ' “f am not., so njuch ' concemed. about the .submerged tenth a's Tam a'K'out the swimming tenth." • L^t —' ’ 1 Among the • f irfet to' accumulate great wealth through irfrtastry, Carnegie wa-i one of the first* to give, it away by the millions. Bfhce his day wealthy men have made great - benefactions to the ,arts' and sciences and for vatious hu- jmamtarian purposes. It .is entirely possible that the , ex- ampre .Vet’ by Carnegie had pitieh. to do with directing the 'thoughts of these other men in philanthropic channels. As. a pioneer in great giving, ’hJ^U’ved -jLd^in'ct ana highly • ivaluable purpose in ouV economk-alul social develo imeni. Monday a repfoduction of a painting of 'Carnegie will he hung in theBryan 'Carnegie/library and attribute tg,-.thel generosity hs well as the high ideals of citizenship, Which imdde thi» library possible /or this community, will; be paid, -gin which residents who'realize-the value qf the library. - is hou ld be glad to take part *' . *• JLsv Carn egie C entenary ^.Jlovember 25 this year'Tharks the centenniaTmf the wirth of Andrew Carnegie who is known as America s- Attest library benefactor. The century since his birth' has brought great progress in the library world. - In 1835 there were only a ,few scattered libraries in this - country, most of them small college-and .subscription li¬ braries. The first free childrens library was established in that year in West Cambridge, Mass. In 1851 the Boston Public Library, one of the most important, whs established- Twenty-five years later the American Library Association ^as founded with approximately 300 libranes: in the Unit¬ ed States, and Canada. In those days the library was a retreat for scholars; Taking a book home would have seemed a preposterous idea. Wire netting' across the shelves protected the books. |n contrast, today there are some 10,000 libraries fn the United States, used regularly by more than 24 million peo¬ ple.. Themodern library has woifa place beside the public j .^schools as an instrument of education. It does, not wait for people to come to the‘library, but" reaches out into the . f&ommunity to find and serve new readers. Now, readers have free access to open shelves; no more %ire fences to protect the books. There are reading guides •fo help adult^ find books adapted to their heeds.' Book automobiles take books to readers and to schools in remote ■places. Express, mail, telephone and even airplan'e service make books accessible to thosfe who could not have them otherwise. ' , || The greatest impetus given the modern library came from Carnegie’s benefactions in the early 1900s- In 1881 >^e had given a library to his native town, Dunfermine, in Scotland. In his autoboigraphy he said, “My father, »had ^been one of five pioneers' in Dunfermline who'cOipbined *^nd gave access to their few books to their less fortunate neighbors. I had followed in his footsteps by giving my ‘native town a library—my first real gift;’ , His second gift y the Carnegie Corporation which ncluded grants to the American Lib- ■ary Association for the promotion md improvement of library facilities;; : the founding of the Graduate Lib-j ;rary School at the University of ^Chicago; aid to college libraries and to library schools; grants for rural j libraryjjextension; .library surveys, 'studies and demonstrations; grants for library "fellowships and scholar¬ ships and aid in promoting adult edu¬ cation through libraries. i In Great Britain, the Carnegie ■United Kingdom Trust, by means of grants to aid in establishing county! libraries, has made library privileges available to almost 100 per cent of ! the population where only 60 per Cent were served before. C 4HNEG IE, DISTRIBUTOR ^NRREW CARNEGIE, whose birth a century j ago was 'celebrated this week both in his || native Scotland and his adopted America, ;not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise dis- 5 l s! tributor of millions. • Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had 1 Plowed back into America 435 millions- of the I dollars he picked up so easily over here, fie l; kept only 15 millions, which proved ample, if His benefactions in libraries and in health, scientific and peace foundations “grubstaked . a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of f learning” and understanding. They will bear ; fruit in a more civilized humanity for gen- f: erations to come. Had Carnegie’s example been followed by L) other multimillionaires it might hot have been* ||| necessary for the Government now. to take M measures, for sowing the national wealth more | widely. In a country where multimillionaires f j« have ceased to be a novelty, the Carnegies, ?! Rockefellers.and Harknesses are all too rare. [f|| Too many of the very rich' took all their sav- ings and reinvested'them in their own plants, 0 in an effort to make‘more money or for want M of any idea of what to do with, their excess. That is why our most prosperous years found pi the industrial plant sp overbuilt that one-fifth f § of.it was loafing, and the masses so poor that & ! they couldn’t buy what it did turn* out. As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a- rug- M ged individualist, bu.t as a spender he was a j|; social-minded and broad-visioned humanist. II I Carnegie, Distributor NDREW CARNEGIE, whose birth a j century ago was celebrated recently j! both in his native Scotland and his adopted America/was not a mere giver, I but a profoundly' wise distributor of I millions. Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 mil- : lion of the dollars he picked up so easily j over here. He kept only 15 millions, which proved ample. His benefactions in ; .libraries and in health, scientific and peace foundations “grubstaked a regi- 1 ment. of prospectors on the frontiers of j learning” and understanding. They will \ bear fruit in a more civilized humanity 1 for generations to come. J Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multimillionaires it might not ' have been necessary for the Government now to take measures for sowing the j national wealth more widely. In a coun¬ try where multimillionaires have ceased : to be a novelty, the Carnegie’s and Rocke- fellers are all too rare. Too many of the very rich took all their savings and re¬ invested then! in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want J of any idea of what to do with their j • excess. . That is why our most prosperous ! years, found the industrial plant so over-, j built that.one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor.that they couldn’t buy ; what it did turn out. } I As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a i rugged individualist, but as a spender he J was a social-minded and broad-visioned j humanist.. ■ • . j Putting Wealth To Good Use Andrew Mellon, who has § serve^4s a’l for Socialist darts for yearkx be-- cause, the Socialists alleged* he used his&- vast wealth only for selfish purposes, has! now turned philanthropist and patron of" dhe arts,--having; set aside $10,000,000 for the establishment of a great art gallery in Washington! “The national public art gal- . lery or museum will have as its object the- education of the people of the United 1 States in the; fine arts and the cultural ad¬ vancement of mankind,” said Mr. Mellon,: in sibling over his gift. The building,; v which will house some of the greatest; paiutings of the masters, will not bear Mel- j ion’s name but will be known as the Na¬ tional Gallery of Art of the United States,; Thus Andrew Mellon joins the ranks of;| those outstanding men of wealth who have devoted, and are devoting their riches $o the benefit of mankind. Andrew Carnegie gave away practically in establishing public libraries for the benefit of those who were not able to pur¬ chase books. From Carnegie’s idea sprang ; the public, library plan which has gained such impetus that almost every small town, in America now has a public library. John D. Rockefeller has given away millions of dollars in establishing scientific institutions which have waged war on dis¬ eases, thereby saving millions of lives and contributing to the health and happiness of the human race. There are dozens of other rich men who have dedicated their fortunes to the public good. Mellon is the last .to adopt this pol¬ icy. The money that these men have spent I endowing libraries, hospitals, orphanages,; art galleries, and such other public institu¬ tions, has done far more good than it would have had it been seized by the gov¬ ernment and divided among the people,:' with each person receiving a few dollars,!' which would have been spent within a few days’, time, leaving nobody any better off,: than at the beginning. (T .- : 7 7 , /?**' .! CAMJSriffi, DISTEIBUTOR I A NDREW CARNEGIE, whose birth a ! century ago is being celebrated this I * week both in his native Scotland and his F<" adopted America, was "not a mere giver, !; but a profoundly wise distributor of mil¬ lions. Before he was 75 the old' ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 million of the dollars he picked up so easily over , J - here. He kept only 15 millions, which ! proved ample. His benefactions in libra- j f ries and in health, scientific and peace | foundations “grubstaked a regiment of, | prospectors on the frontiers of learning’ 5 and understanding. They will bear fruit f.’ in a more civilized humanity for genera-j tions to come'. '- Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multimillionaires it might not , have been necessary for the Government !-• now to take measures for sowing the na- fv tional wealth more widely. In a country ; where multimillionaires have ceased to be ' a, noyelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers' and f’ Harknesses. are all too rare. Too many of ! the very rich took all their savings and Ki reinvested them in their own plants, in an H effort to make more money or for want i S' of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is why our most prosperous years h; found the industrial plant so overbuilt that ' ' one-fifth of it. was loafing, and the masses ! *" so poor that they couldn’t buy what it did ' turn out. , As an earnest Andrew Carnegie was a f rugged, individualist, but as a spender ke f was a social-minded and broad-visioned • humanist. . c 7 Zj^otMZs 7 cr ~yt.'f~i> - /*,//? <3 <$' 100th Anniversary r AndrewCamegie -Hu^iffg the week of November 25 the Winnsboro Carnegie Library will join with other libraries all 'over the world in celebrating the one-hhndred- th anniversary of the birth o'f Andrew Carnegie, noted philanthropist and' steel magnate who gave nearly $65,- 000,0Q0 to build, endow or equip al-.j most 3,000 libraries—1,900 of them | in the United States and Canada and I the rest scattered throughout the Eng¬ lish-speaking World. It is estimated that 35,000,000 people receive libra¬ ry service from Carnegie buildings. Formal centeary ceremonies will be held in New York, Pittsburg and Washington and many other cities |In the 25th anniversary of our own •[library we paid tribute to our bene factor but again we join with all the l beneficiaries in expressions of appre elation of his noble gifts. ,1 Mr. Carnegie died in 1919, but the Carnegie Corporation, which he found ed in 1911, has continued his library' benefactions. No library buildings havd been built since 1917, when building activities were halted because of the World War, but the corpora¬ tion pad aided in-promoting the libra-’, ry' idea in other ways. j In America, a ten-year library pro¬ gram has recently been completed by \ the Carnegie Corporation which in¬ cluded grants to the American Libra- 5 ry Association for the promotion and j improvement df library facilities; the | founding of the Graduate Library School at the University of Chicago; ! aid to college libraries and to library j schools; grants for rural library ex- j 'tension; library surveys; studies and j demonstrations; grants for library j fellowships and scholarships and aid j in promoting adult education through j libraries. In Great Britain, the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, by means of grants to aid in establishing county j libraries, has made library privileges j available to almost 100 per cent of i the population where only 60 per pent j were served before. Every Carnegie library has receiv- j ed as gifts from fhe Carnegie Corpo¬ ration, a framed portrait bf Andrew Carnegie and a free set of seven pos-1 ters, designed especially for the an-! niversary, presenting Carnegie quo¬ tations in an attractiv form. | Our Library has received its quota which is greatly appreciated—the splendid likness by J. Louis Mora has been hung in the main room at libra ry and the posters are displayed inf show windows but will later be placed in reading room at library, i ty( K.. C.. ■ fc.y llA^ ./ ~zJ : ^ ^ ^ Mark Twain and Carnegie I — ■ ■ ■—-—_» : *TWO citizens of the world, residents of the United States of | America, one a native and the other an. adopted son, suc- I ces sful in their quest for distinction——one achieving fame, the | other acquiring fortune—will be'remembered this week on the j hundredth anniversaries of their- birth. Andrew Carnegie,, known ih Great Britain as ‘the star-spangled Scotchman,’ 5 was ; born at Uumfermline, Scotland, November 25, 1835.- Five days later, Samuel L. Clemens, khpwn to tbie-literary world as “Mark Twain, 55 , was born in the little Jtamlet of Florida, in • the .state .of. .Missouri. Neither One kne\y of the other until one accumulated a fortune and longed'to shine' in 4iterafui;e; and the other had scaled the heights as an author ? -and sought financial inde¬ pendent. v w..",' V- This is the centennial year ;and .week of these two great men Who gathered wealth and wisdom- to scatter both with lavish hands before passing from the scene of .their activities and tri¬ umphs. Mark Twain was never dull,' but many of his books were biting with sarcasrn,; fbr he liked to puncture pretense and to humble arrogknceLHis boyhood Stories’ are the best delineations of the average small town lad that ever will be written, because j his childish heroes were real b6ys performing pranks that have always been practiced or planned or dreamed about by these little fathers io big 1 ’men.- < r His "western sketches will preserve and' perpetuate tradi¬ tions rapidly fading from documents written by less gifted pens. His stoty of the great rivei* that .rolled by his home town of Han- | nibal, is a classic of steamboat days. His “personal recollections of Joan.of Arc” is a beautiful tribute to a patriotic victim of j brutal intolerance and will hold a permanent place in literature. Andrew Carnegie Was another kind of literary light. He amassed one of the largest fortunes ever controlled by a single brain. At the age of 65 he retired from business with wealth estimated to be in excess of $300,000,000, and began to carry out a plan and promise made 30 years before, when he said: “The man who dies rich dies disgraced.” He dispensed dollars for what he considered the most direct way of aiding the greatest number of people striving for intellectual advancement. He was not concerned with prof erring temporary assistance to those he might contact. He strove to extend opportunity for the masses to read and improve their minds, to get acquainted with the world’s leaders of thought in all ages. To place books within the reach of every mari, woman and child was his hobby, his obsession. He built, equipped and supplied public libraries without^ requiring recipients of his bounty to identify him with the buildings or books. In some states having scores of Carnegie libraries, not one bears that name. He gave colleges and universities organs:and scholarships; established foundations for historical and scientific research; created * hero funds’ 5 for families of men whose lives were lost in saving others; fostered symphony orchestras; and in these and similar ways had disposed of 90 per cent of his wealth when death put an end to his liberality. This week the Centennial of their birth is observed. They knew, and liked each other. Carnegie suggested the plot of “A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court.” In a speech, Mark complained that he "had “loaned Andrew a quarter once which had never been returned.” Two great Americans, one a native, the other an adopted son. Both citizens of the world who left as heritages to humanity the products of exception al g enius. I o" is the duty of the man of wealth “to set an example of modest, | - unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to | provide moderately for the legitimate wants to thpse dependent [: L upon him, and, after doing so, to consider all surplus revenues V which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon 11 ito administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty’to admin- ; . ister in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to 1 provide the most beneficial results for the community—the man 1' ! of wealth thus becoming the mere trustee and agent for his poorer brethren.” The range of his philanthropies reads like a directory of ‘3 social work. It includes medical research, adult education, & peace propaganda, work for the blind, pension systems, recrea- ' / tion and the arts. His most unique gifts, however, include the Carnegie institutes of Pittsburgh and Washington, the hero fund, the foundation for the advancement of teaching, the en- j&li dowment for international peace, the organ fund and the li- fjp brary gifts.. Through his sponsorship of the public library movement Mr. Carnegie became, without question, the greatest single force in our time for adult education. In different parts of the world he has furnished 2811 free public library buildings. His method was to build and equip a library on condition that the f , local authorities would provide the site and the maintenance. The people of Utah participated liberally in these gifts. Of the 44 municipal free libraries in Utah, 22 are Carnegie buildings—American Fork, Beaver, Brigham City, Cedar City, Ephraim, Eureka, Garland, Lehi, Manti, Mount Pleasant, Mur¬ ray, Ogden, Parowan, Price, Provo, Richfield, Richmond, Salt Lake City, Smithfield, St. George, Springville and Tooele. His social outlook was profoundly influenced by the politi¬ cal unrest of the ’40s in Scotland. He despised aristocratic gov¬ ernment and privilege in all its forms. Even before he emi¬ grated to America with his father, at 13 years of age, he had .idealized his adopted country as “a land peopled by our own race, a home for free men in which every citizen’s privilege was every man’s right. These,” he says in his autobiography, ' “were the exciting themes upon which I was nurtured.” Next Monday will mark . a date that has meant perhaps more than any other for the development of free public libraries since such li- “brafies were first conceived. For that date is the birthday anniver- ' sary of AndrewCarnegie, the steel magnate wh$ during his lifetime gave away $60,000,000 for the build¬ ing of 2811 libraries. He said he did it, because, while improving the masses of the people, . libraries do 'not pauperize them. Libraries never give something for nothing. The only- help those who are to help tbem- jselves. If Andrew Carnegie had. liv¬ ed he would have been 100 years of !.age next Monday. Though he' no -longer survives in the flesh, he still lives in these great forward-looking gifts that open the chief treasures of the world to all who can read: No wonder our public libraries, are tak¬ ing note of Monday in special ways. Fair Haven happens to have the only near-by library that was given by Carnegie, but libraries every¬ where will remember Carnegie and commemorate his anniversary be¬ cause of his great service to Ameri¬ can people in spreading the oppor¬ tunity for even the poorest to bene¬ fit by the education that conies from reading good books.—Middlebury Register. ; ,/x Yjy ■ ip & /fjy f - -' - ' ‘ 7 ;'" - He Earned to Give. Celebration yesterday in Pitts¬ burgh and..other American industrial I centers of the IQ 0 th anniversary of Andrew Carnegie’S; birth by no means' "Constituted the only observ¬ ance of the birthday of this famous American by adoption. Three thou- > sand miles away, in Duffernlline, ! Scotland, tiny . city where : Andrew Carnegie made' his humble begin¬ ning, hundreds of grateful Scots prepared to do homage to the man whose benefactions have made life more pleasant for men of all nations. . As everything else which has felt the magic of Mr. Carnegie’s gener¬ osity, the Duffermline of’today is.a far different' pity than /the one which ! / the steel magnate left as a boy, to j journey to America. / The town has j/been* modernized and given adyan-p j Stages it never could have procured /•except through the kindness of a ; : boy who did not forget his bjrth- ■>place after he had become one of the. wealthiest men in the world. _ ■’ There in the city whicji gave him birth, the major “ceremonies in hon¬ or of the memory of Andrew Carne¬ gie took place yesterday. Distin¬ guished- •/. Americans, i Englishmen, 1 Scotchmen gathered to do homage to j the man who was" the world’s great¬ est benefactor.In .'surroundings . which he made possible, through, the | medium ,.of one of. hi's/ innumerable j trust funds, these people' gathered/ in tribute to the'* ipfemory of a dy-' [ namic little Scotch, boy whose name j never will be forgotten . : The general story ot Carnegie’s j life is known to- ail. Jf is common 1 <■ knowledge that he came to America l a poor n boy and in/v an amazingly 1 sho.rt time had made a fortune in r steel. At 33 Carnegie was making/an i income of $50,OOP a year, a fabulous I sum of money for those times, and I right then he laid the ground work | for that. carefully-planned, system- v atically executed system of public l benefactions which has'benefited all ! parts of the world. I To him ‘ the amassing of wealth served only one purpose — to benefit mankind. Tiny hamlets- the country • over are the homes of Carnegie li¬ braries. European cities' scarred by | war .were rebuilt with Carnegie l funds. In Pittsburgh Carnegie Jhstiv j I tuts of : Technology stands as a won¬ derful monument to his memory. To- j I day trustees of millions of Carnegie funds set aside for the benefit of I ' man from “age to age” Carry out the Selfless wishes of this man who made millions to give to others. ' • Andrew Carnegie died in 1919 but it is- safe to predict that his name ’ and his good works never will be 1 forgotten. Each day, now and in the j future, someone, somewhere will j /.benefit from the^genei'ous far-sight- '. edness of the multi-millionaire who I appreciated the true use of wealth and saw that his dreams of‘giving ; to the /world became actualities. • ANDREJBL CARNEGIE The Centennial of Andrew Car¬ negie is being celebrated through¬ out America. His is an inspiring life, and a history Of his life should be placed in the hands of every young person in our • land: He was a native of Dunifernline, Scotland, the son of a poor miner. Coming to this country he natural¬ ly W ent to Pennsylvania to work;; in the coal minds. But from the start - he had visions of better things than, simple mining, that he would undertake to do. It wasj not long before he owned enter¬ prises of his,own, and this stead¬ ily increased until he became t power in the land, always highly respected and trusted by those who came in contact with him.j His big enterprise of course was' the Steel mill Which took his own| name. He operated various plants^ thafl provided material , for his mills; one of which was manganese and- as a minor incident in his | life he came to Staunton and un¬ dertook to operate manganese mines near Crimora, that was prob¬ ably the beginning of Crimora as a village. In Stauntoh he person¬ ally bought of Mr. Hager who kept a tin and stove establishment on S, Augusta street just South of ’the Augusta National bank, a number of stoves and- a lot' of cooking vessels for the temporary use of the men he set to work in the mines. We do not retail for how long he worked these mines. Mr. Carnegie worked hard lo promote the industrial develop¬ ment or our whole/country and his was an inspiring influence throughout. Naturally he accumu¬ lated a great fortune, which he and Mrs. Carnegie ^ho cooperat¬ ed fully with him announced they would dispose of in their life and die poor, and this they prac¬ tically did. Mr. Carnegie loved his f native land and especially the small village, t)umfernline, in, "I which he was born, and he spent, f; money lavishly op everything he could conceive of to beautify and : help the town. Naturally among 1 : these things were a park, a library, monuments, schools and the like. Everybody knows about the great Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh,; and the numerous libraries estab- lished in this country, and the large sums spent to help educate the Negroes. We advised that all youth should have access to a life of Carnegie. . Nothing would so brighter? up life v in these times for adults too as to read -with care a detailed and ^ sympathetic life of this great Am¬ erican by adoption. /V l /' ^ . ... „ tc Aac V /l.^i , c &s3 y ^ * $ # : - & & • - /A BENEVOLENT SCOT # One hummed years ago, a poor boy was lit * m ’ * ' born in the Tittle Scotch town of Dun¬ fermline, and today his centennial birth¬ day anniversary* is being observed by the presentation of oil painting portraits to nearly 3,000 free public libraries all over the world, .made possible by gifts of this boy who became one of the world's richest men. The Wenatchee Carnegie library is included among Jhose built with funds supplied by the man who became the undisputed leader of fhe world's steel industry. ..X larno ff te aw&y $3150,000,000 dur¬ ing his life timl, and endowed founda¬ tions with, something like $135,000,000 more at his death besides leaving about $50,000,000 to friends and relatives. He reversed many traditions, in fact it was because he had no.-regard fur axioms, usages or precedents that he amassed such a huge fortune. When the.s-teeL iindustry was, dead., nnurorif Hr A A-f 4-v. ~ grace to die, rich,, and that the” money he made was not his but that it had been given to him to administer as a sacred trust for the good of mankind. * J. Besides his libraries, he endowed the Carnegie Foundation, the Carnegie Insti¬ tute of Technology, the hero fund, the teachers old age pension fund, besides a museum of fine arts, of natural history and of music, and thousands of. gifts to colleges, - schools, churches and to the purpose of educating poor boys and girls all over the world. apparently beyond hope of revival in the middle- '90s ;he ; spent every dollar he had or could, raise in enlarging and imnrov- ing his plants.. Rivals shook their heads and called him crazy, but a few years later ? they awoke to realize that a flood of orders for steel had broken loose, which they Could not fill, but that Car- tJ^\/ WaS a6cepting ‘ getting rich . He also, reversed the tradition that the Scotch are parsimonious, he regularly gave away 90 per cent of each, year's in¬ come, retaining only 10 Der cent for him¬ self, a reversal of the tithing rule. He frequently declared that it Was a dig¬ it; u /t / /d A ' LIBRARY WEEK “Tic came to a land of wooden towns and left a nation of steel, ” says an advertisement of United States Steel cor¬ poration in commemorating the centennial of the birth of Andrew Carnegie. But it, is not as a steel-makbr, manu- f actitrerl^^ business man that the memory of An¬ drew Carnegie is revered most this week but as the one. who, in the utmost degree, stimulated the spread' of free.I libraries in the United States. In hundreds of American cities and town^,. with corner¬ stones dimmed by age, are library buildings which were constructed through the benefactions of the v canny little Scotsman. In these 20th century days we take free public li- baries for granted but when Carnegie was born in a Dun¬ fermline attic in 1825 there were no such institutions in the United States. In the century they have grown from nothing to 6,000 with 66,000,000 volumes. Deprived through poverty in his childhood of.easy ac¬ cess to books, Carnegie was almost reverent in his attitude toward bound volumes. “I choose free libraries,” he said, “as the best agencies for improving the masses of the peo¬ ple * # * They never, pauperize. They reach the aspiring,, and open to these the chief treasures of the world—those stored in books' * * * There is no insurance of nations so cheap as enlightenment of the people.” During his life harsh things were said of Carnegie but.' of the huge fortune he piled up, estimated at $390,000,000, , he gave away for libraries, to the Cargnie institution and other ben factions'and philanthropies a full 90 per cent, in¬ cluding principal and interest, an even greater distribution or sharing of wealth than, any dreamy idealist has vet had courage to publicly suggest. s Andrew Carnegie undoubtedly wanted his name re¬ membered without rancor after he had passed away. He was successful if this were his aspiration. But he'really loved books and put them on a high plane as an ediica- tional force. Even after the passing years have forced the destruction of the last of his library buildings his name ■will always be remembered as a, most potent factor in American education through the means of free libraries. As such it will ever be recalled at recurrent celebrations of Library week, which is being observed in Tacoma and else¬ where in the nation from November 25 to December 1. mmm «v_V ,-t, C(Fr h^j. -m, xfs -', .=*fe_^ NOTABLE CENTENNIALS Two notable centennials are being- observed this week. One is the anniversary of the birth, of Andrew Carnegie. The other is the anniversary of Mark Twafr^^^^ i he steel magnate and humorist were fast friends arid ' 2n the twilight of their lives met frequently for literal# discussions at Carnegie’s salons. -They first met on an ocean voyage and formed a fast friendship. Mark Twain complained on one occasion he loaned Carnegie a quartet and the steel king never paid it back. During Twain’s illness in 19i.O, his physician prescribed pure whiskey which Carnegie provided from the old Scotch ! . he ke Pt on hand. A short; time afterward, when Twain heard how Carnegie, a-life-long abstainer, had slipped on the ; ice while walking inTthe park and sprained his knee, - re- ; marked dryly: •' ' - f f . ’ “Mr. Carnegie should have sent me all'his whiskey.” Few residents Of this section of the country have not [ read Mark Twain’s narrative of steamboat days before the Civil War in his “Ifife on the Mississippi.” Twain at one ; time departed from his usual custom and wrote a serious J book, “Recollections of Joan of Arc.” This pub- i hshed under a. pseudonym for he' said people would never take him seriously. His beloved characters, “Tom Sawyer” j and “Huckleberry Finn,” will ever remain heroes of Amer- / 3can youth. “Huckleberry Finn” was regarded as his best work. ytoco^o. _ -M-Z - -•■=****- ”T " : ■ * ^0, 1 ' anniversary of Mark Twain. fasti 1 fluently foe w*an negie s salons, I hey ti f Mark 1 SStigp' HSw^idents of this section of the coun- : ofAfc ” This booh was published under A , “Huckleberry Finn” was regarded is . work. •) C/J / - / Cl, }LrV 3 . /: CARNEGIE MILLIONS' iAn Editorial by Science Service.) j Sta Tna real SOTseXliars cannot measure a^ompUshtnents in education and science. Money is £ ®f b ^ z .?D“ A giving it is significant that Carnegie used his v If: sustenance to such important factors Amencan and in $ernational life. It is inspiring to look back and see that the spending of his money was so well done on the whole that thfwd association with "Carnegie” today is just as, litolv fn bp “libraries” or “science. as steel. Carnegie’s gifts exceed some $850,000,000 but^no accur- ate totanfevef My to be summed. It is not important, SaUt sUuld V be. o/this total $152,170 OOO wen to eto tion' through libraries and grants to colleges. The Carneg rrn-nnration of New York received $135,000,00u as a irubi fund for the advancement.and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. Scientific research was .?3? P wi?h j 12 ? |(?6 i 000 000 International peace was promoted with Jp > > ; 000, pensions used $14,000,000 and music j $6,100,000. Carnegie’s own home town T rus t” and other sentimental gifts totaled $4,100,000. inu pducationand science in the broad sense received the balk t The Carnegie Institution of Washington,, with its wide-,-, flung and productive laboratories and its sky-probing M . Wilson Observatory, is chief among the i using Carnegie money. But Carnegie benefactions have, aided wide-spread variety of other science efforts. . I 4s important as the money he gave is the economic; philosophy behind the giving. Rich men, be said, ha^e PPj moral right to their surplus accumulations . The temporary, custodians are in reality “trustees” for the public. As a practitioner of theory, Carnegie used 90 percent ol his, wealth for society. NOTABLE CENTENNIALS Two notable centennials will be observed next , week. One is the anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie. The other is the anniversary of Mark Twain. The steel magnate and humorist were fast friends and in the twilight, of their lives met frequently for literary discussions at Carnegie’s salons. They first met on an ocean voyage and formed a , fast friendship. Mark Twain complained on one occasion he loaned Carnegie a quarter and the steel king never paid it back. During Twain’s illness in 1910, his physician prescribed pure whiskey which Carnegie provided from the old Scotch he kept on : hand. A short time afterward when Twain heard how Carnegie a life-long abstainer had slipped on the* ice while walking in the park and sprained his knee, remarked dryiy: '‘Mr. Carnegie should have sent me all his whiskey.” Few residents of this section of the country have not read Mark Twain’s narrative of steamboat days before the Civil War in his “Life on the Mississippi.” Twain at one time departed from his usual custom and wrote a serious book, “Recollections of Joan pf Arc,” This book was published under a .pseudonym for he said people would never take him seriously. His beloved characters ^ "Tom Sawyer” and “Huckleberry Finn” will ever remain heroes of American youth. “Huckleberry Finn” was regarded his best work. j J C C c H/iI. &£ , " CARNEGIE MILLIONS (An Editorial by Science Service.) I Andrew Carnegie, born a hundred years ago (November 25, 1835), is leaving a more lasting imprint upon the* leaves of histo|y through ; his benefactions for education and science than through the millions of tons of steel that have been stamped with his name. In a real sense dollars cannot measure accomplishments in edu¬ cation and science. Money is fertilizer for viable ideas. But it is significant that Carnegie used his millions for giving sustenanoe to such important factors in American and international life. It is in¬ spiring to look back and see that the spending of his money was | so well done on the whole that the word association with “Carnegie” I today is just as likely to be “libraries” or “science” as “steel.” Carnegie’s gifts exceed some $350,000,000 but no accurate total is ever likely to be summed. It is" not important that it should be. Of this total, $152,170,000 went to education through libraries and grants to colleges. The Carnegie Corporation of New York received $135,000,000 as a trust fund for the advancement and diffusion oi knowledge and understanding. Scientific research was supported by $30,000,000. International peace was promoted with $12,500,000, pensions used $14,000,000 and music benefited by $6,100,000. Car¬ negie’s own home town “Dunfermline Trust” and other sentimental gifts totaled $4,100,000. Thus education and science in the broad sense received the bulk of the support. The Carnegie Institution of Washington, with its wide-flung and | productive laboratories and its sky-probing Mt. Wilson Observatory, is chief among the science agencies using Carnegie money: But Car¬ negie benefactions have aided wide-spread variety of other science efforts. As important as the money he gave is the economic philosophy ! behind the giving. Rich men, he said, have no moral right to their i surplus accumulations. The temporary custodians are in reality } “trustees” for the public. As a practitioner of theory, Carnegie used \ 90 per cent of his wealth for society. c - ‘ cJ CK? ■ ' ’iC -A- L j " .- CARNEGiE-MttLIONS L ( An Editorial by Science Service) j Andrew Carnegie, bom a hundred years ago f (November 25, 1835), is leaving a more last¬ ing * imprint upon the leaves of history p through Ills .benefactions for education and 1 science than through the> millons of tons of| steel ; that have been stamped with his name. ' In a foal sense dollars cannot measure ac¬ complishments in education and science. Mon- .ey is fertilizer for valuable ideas. But is is sig¬ nificant that Carnegie used his millions for giving sustenance to such important factors in American and international life. It is inspiring 1o look back and see that the spending of his money w as'so well done on the whole that the word association with ‘.‘Carnegie 5 * today is just as likely to be “libraries” * or “science” as “steel.”. Carnegie’s gifts exceed some $350,000,000 but no accurate total is ever likely to be summed. It is not important that it should be. Of this total, $152,170,000 went to education through libraries and grants to colleges. The Carnegie Corporation of New York received $135,000,000 as a trust fund for the advance- nr. and diffusion of knowledge and under¬ standing. Scientific research was supported by $30,000,000. international .peace was promoted with $12,500,000, pensions used $14,000,000 and -music benefited by $6,100,000. Carnegie’s own home town ‘Dunfermline Trust” and oth¬ er sentimental gifts totaled $4,100,000. Thus ‘ education and science in the broad sense re¬ ceived the hulk of the support. The Carnegie' Institution of Washington, with its wide-flung and productive labora¬ tories and its sky-probing.Mt. Wilson Observa¬ tory, is chief among the science agencies using Carnegie money. But Carnegie ^benefactions have aided wide-spread variety of other science efforts. As important as the money he gave is the economic philosophy behind the giving. Rich men, he said, have no moral right to their sur¬ plus accumulations. The temporary custodians are in reality ^trustees” for the public. As a* practitioner of theory, Carnegie Used 90 per cent, of his wealth for society, f t VL_, 'JGvd&j ) o ^ / BORN 100 YEARS AGO TODAY ! It is 100 years ago today that Andrew Carnegi > wa c | born ^ Dunfermline, Scotland, and this centenary of I his birth is to be observed throughout the United: I States and Great Britain. And it is most fitting that ' ]t sb °nld be for Mr. Carniegie has rendered a service; ' tho influence of which will go down through the ages, I The history of the life of Mr. Carnegie is known to j most people. His rise from a poor immigrant boy to one of the wealthiest men in this country is quite com¬ mon knowledge And the list of his benefactions to communities throughout the country in the way of. public library buildings is also well known; but only | through reading and hearsay to the younger genera- i txon. In fact the name of Carnegie is now seldom ; used when referring to the libraries that he built. It is quite proper then that we in Antigo reflect for a moment upon the character of this man for this city like hundreds of others, was the subject of his I pnerosity. It was during the administration of the late Thos. W. Hogan that application was made to Mr. Carnegie for funds to erect a library building Word came back that $10,000 had been allotted to this city. Later this was increased to $15,000 as it ^was found that the first amount would not complete a building such as we had planned. It may seem amusing now, but it is a fact that when *ne announcement came out in The Journal that Mayor Hogan had sent a request to Mr. Carnegie for a con- tribution .a little storm of protest went up from some of our citizens. They protested against accepting any money from such a wealthy man, saying that he had secured the money by taking it out of the wages of the poor man and we should not contaminate our¬ selves with money from such sources- And Antigo wasn’t the on)y place that such protests were made. However, the protests had no effect upon Mayor |: Hogan and the money was received and the building v erected. That was back about 30 years and the library has - served this community since, that time. Mayor Hogan- j has since passed away, and Andrew Carnegie has - likewise died; but the good work that this library has ft performed since it was built has gone on and will continue on through the years. We in this community j are therefore appreciative of the fact that Mayor ; Hogan didn't waver when people came to him and ; said don t accept this blood money”, Tmt went right | ahead with the development of that institution, which [ be would be of great benefit to our people and : saw it through to its completion. We are likewise great ; ly appreciative of the generosity of Andrew Carnegie, | wil ° made the contribution, and through which we have in our midst an institution whose influence for [ good will grow wfth the coming years. Andrew Carnegie is said to have given away some $360,000,000. He said he didn’t want to die rich and he succeeded. He gave away 90 per cent of his great fortune, and most of it went into library buildings throughout this country. It i§ evidence of the high character of the man and is a refutation of the charges that the few made in those days, that he "squeezed the money out of his men” that he might gain public acclaim by making contributions. That wasn’t the thought in the mind of Cariiagie and time has brought out the true character of the man. ill m if i c $?>■, /fas' ANDREW CARTJEGIE . The hundredth anniversary Wxhe birth of Andrew Carnegie whose altruism and high ideals of service to the human race Impelled him to bestow in permanent philanthropic forms nine-tenths of the vast wealth he accumulated through his marvellous business talent and his great opportunities, is celebrated all over the world today. There are and have been other' great business fig¬ ures whom tjjie world knows as benefactors, but in re¬ gard to few of them indeed have we the, authentic evi¬ dence and record that- in the charts of their lives they made philanthropy a prime feature. But such a man was Andrew Carnegie. Very many, years ago he pro¬ claimed— and that; the’declaration- was from a depth of ' conviction his life proves—that he would consider it .diSgracefpl to die a rich man; and long before that, at | t'he age of little more than thirty, with an income of J $50,000 a year, he had. .set, down his belief that thejj, amassing of wealth was the worst species of idolatry i|| for the possession of wealth, alone'and expressing a pur. pose to devote himself especially to such public matter? as pertained to promotion of education and to acU VanCihg the welfare of the poor. Advancement of sci¬ ence. protection of the teacher against the ills of old age and sickness, and abolition of war by establishing peace on a firm international foundation, are accounted by some as three of his most outstanding interests in .his later years. On this anniversary,, the great benefactions of ; Andrew Carnegie and the lines of great achievement in various 'fields which will go on .‘and on through the ; coming years have been recited in many tongues and in many lands. The greatest eulogy that can be pro ; nounced upon him is that he was one who loved and : served his fallow man and left a name high and. bright on the roil of fame to illuminate the darker aspects of an industrial ag% c. h ( ^ X- Or ^ ^J&rn). 'Xf&o One Hundred Years , of Library Progress r^^prie hundred years ago November 25th, in Dd'mierline. Scotland, in an attic of a small cottage, Andrew Carnegie first saw the light - of day. Since among many benefactions this merry but most canny Scotchman, who came in his youth to America and piled up one of the greatest fortunes of the golden age of for¬ tunes, devoted some $65,000,000 to the erec¬ tion of libraries, the American library Associa¬ tion thought the date of And rew birth a fitting time to mark the beginning of a celebration of one hundred years of library progress in the United States. The story of Carnegie’s life and accom¬ plishments thdugh marred by such qualities as slave driving and the predatory methods which characterized the careers Of most American captains of industry in the nineteenth century t:,| is nevertheless one of the most interesting and thrilling in the annals of self-made men. Of | particular note was his inter/est in books, and f|| places in which to house them. Of a highly disputatious 1 nature (one biog¬ rapher says Andrew Carnegie’s ancestors loved a dram, a joke and. an argument) he was al¬ ways seeking information. As a consequence he was an omniverous reader, all bis life. It was, therefore not strange, after he had de¬ cided to dispose of a ihajor part, of bis fortune, that when approached with a request for money to build up branch libraries in New York City he should accede.- • Then began. his wave of library building until he had provided funds for over two thousand such structures. With his usual canny way of doing things he stipulated that Jproper sites should always be provided and a perpetual maintenance fund equivalent to ten per cent of his gift should be assured. Those were the terms under which the Laramie Carnegie library was built. Citi¬ zens provided the site, the county agreed on the maintenance and Mr. Carnegie’s $20,000 for the original building was forthcoming. Because of the tremendous impetus given to the library movement by Mr. Carnegie’s munificence it is, therefore, but natural that the American Library Association should link up the story of library progress in this country with the centenary of the little Scotchman’s birth. It is a Story, too, even more interesting and thrilling than the life of the “incredible Carnegie.” One hundred years ago there were practically no public libraries in the United States. There were libraries of course in the colleges and a few of the subscription variety, but of the public nature, as we know them, ■ - i • ; The”first authenticated one of a tax sup¬ ported nature and of continuous existence is that of Peterborough, New Hampshire, found- ; ed in 1833. The first children’s library was opened in West Cambridge (now Arlington) Massachusetts in 1852. Even the great Bos¬ ton Public Library was n6t founded until 1851. By 1876, when the American Library Associa¬ tion was founded, there were three hundred libraries in the United States and Canada, but; now in the United States alone there are over' ten thousand. Greater even than this extraordinary growth and far more significant is the change in the administration and uses of the public library. Started just as a repository of books Which were most zealously guarded, with ac-; r cess to them only enjoyed by the scholarly few the public library has now in this century of great progress become public in the true sense of that J;erm. Open shelves, with free and un¬ restricted circulation, have become the rule. In this way the public library has come to take a place along side of the public school an institution for everyone everywhere, and one of the great mainstays of American life. Its contribution .to. .the social and community life of the towns wherever libraries'' are to be» fpprid* is incalculable. All honor accordingly to the memory of the vigorous, thrifty Scotchman whose name plays so large a part in the story of this cen¬ tury of progress. Whatever the methods' of amassing of much of his fortune it now through the channel of libraries and the books on their shelves is finding its way into the hearts and minds of millions of our country¬ men, returning thereby to the real source of sd much of the nation’s wealth, the people themselves. In this century of progress the libraries of the land have become the centers of light and mental refreshment to all of the people. It , is a matter of pride locally that our own Car¬ negie library leads in all these good things and that it, too, on Monday, the Carnegie anni-; versary, will join the rest of the country,in! observing this century of progress. ml W i P T born to o' ' .-aver and Ins gop^ wife in Scotland, a lad who carved l ! 'lion as now, the “land of promise” to amass a inrlune m oil and steel". mass a Andrew Carnegie'became a super-captain of industry in a' p noi when fortune,s sncli as lie accumulated were few and! between. Ip the twilight of his life, he returned to W | | ive heath,to-bOcomp the Laird of Skibo and to round out his e ility Butntt Tf " 1 f* “-T^’ happiness »»d tran-i , dity. But not before he repaid, to the people of the land i l"'"feltte'u t a "v tho debt of latitude which * ° W d ~ apd ' w ^ cK all too few rich men fail to recog-J f^bnpl^f ?• aSi twenty pounds, and sailed for the United States of America. Forty-one years later the Scottish emi¬ grant lad, who had risen from a weekly wage of one dollar and twenty cents to an income of millions and the command j ; of giant industries, wrote his “Gospel of Wealth.” A man’s first duty,, he main¬ tained, was to provide a competence for his family, but “the rich man who died leaving great sums which he himself might have administered for the public good, died disgraced.” That was a strange doctrine for a millionaire in 1.889, and doubtless there were many cynics who thought that he would rest content with preaching it. But in the thirty ensuing years, until his death in 1919; Andrew Carnegie gave away three hundred and fifty million dollars, which included most of his annual income and the principal. If Two hundred and eighty-eight millions of this ^ immense sum he distributed in the United States—sixty millions for li¬ brary buildings, twenty millions for col¬ leges and mainly for the smaller ones, six millions for church organs, twenty-nine millions for a foundation for the ad-- vancement of teaching, ten millions for his Hero Fund, and scores of. millions for art, ! music and literature, as well as for scien¬ tific research and technical education. For the promotion of international peace, one of the high passions of his latter years, he created an endowment of ten million dollars. He gave ten millions to the Scottish universities and an equal amount to those of the United Kingdom. Nor was his native Dunfermline forgotten, the Fifeshire burgh where he walked as a penniless boy, pondering the lore of its bygone heroes, memorizing Robert Burns, gazing at the misty Pentland Hills, and dreaming of America. To his birthplace he gave, not only a splendid library and public baths, but also the picturesque and historic estate of Pittencrieff Park and Glen, together with a trust fund yielding one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars a year for the maintenance of the park, for the exhibition of works of art and science, and for the promotion, of horticultural and educational interests among the people. A story-book career indeed was Andrew Carnegie’s, not merely in its courageous conquest of things and its building of a mighty fortune, but chiefly in its creative idea of how riches should be used. Sum¬ marizing Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth,” the distinguished author, Burton Jesse* Hendrick, writes in the Dictionary, of American Biography, “He accepted, on till whole, the established economic and po¬ litical system; he remained to his death a disbeliever in socialism. Yet he recog¬ nized that the accumulation of enormous sums in thb hands of industrial leaders, was a result of capitalism that held great possibilities of evil. So far as these lead¬ ers stimulated industry and performed their part in unloosing natural and hu¬ man energies for the growth of society, they were a valuable national asset; in¬ deed, Carnegie believed they were indis¬ pensable. But their reward, if used for their own selfish purposes, far exceeded the value of their services. Carnegie granted that the people as a whole had created the fortunes concentrated in in¬ dividual hands; what the community had piled up should be returned to it. The millionaire who properly recognized his own position was merely a ‘trustee;’ he held his surplus wealth for the benefit of his fellows. . . . The accumulator of great possessions was prima facie an ex¬ ceptional person, and it became his duty to use the talents which had made his fortune by distributing it ‘for the improve¬ ment of mankind.’ ” . So thought and so did Andrew Car¬ negie—a gospel as old as Christianity, as new as the New Deal, and as keenly resented, in some quarters, as them both. ft ^ d, ? 9 CARNEGIE' TRIBUTES Indiana lias reason to join with f the rest of the nation in tributes to ! the ..-generosity of Andrew Carnegie, I who was born in Dunfermline, Sppt-i land, November 25, 1835. He gave 360,3 64,408 to establish 2,811 pub-1 lie libraries in all part-S of the world, f and J53 of these institutions are in Indiana towns and cities. Carnegie’s first job was as a bobbin boy at AlleghanyCity, Pa., at $1.2Q, a week. Later he was telegraph nibssenger boy; learned telegraphy arid became an operator for the Pennsylvania railroad. In 18 60 he knew enough about railroading to be superintendent of the Pennsylvania's'. Pittsburgh division and. bis railroad J connections led him to invest in ex¬ press company stocks and in tlie se¬ curities of a new sleeping car con-' ::ern. . ’ -. When oil was found in Pennsyl¬ vania, he put his dividends and Bay¬ nes into oil, leases-and in the late :ixtie» became interested in iron and steel. More than thirty years ago he etired, one of the richest men .in the world. . Carnegie’s philanthropic gifts.- ag-r Legate $350,69 5,000. To the Car¬ negie. Endowment for International Peace he . gave $10,000,000 and to the Carnegie Foundation for the Ad¬ vancement of Teaching $15,000,00.6, He created a $5,000,000 benefaction, from which, awards are made an¬ nually for heroic deeds. Other mi;l-. Honskhave "gone to schools and hos¬ pitals throughout the world, and; as- the nation approaches the 100th an¬ niversary of his birth it has tlie knowledge that pi though he died in 1919, he made it possible for the eausbdrin which lie - believed to live after him and to continue their use- fifihe&s through the years to come. f\} V'/. ____ "lAp f y / ? \3 ■S CARNEGIE CENTENARY I CelebrafuM this'^year of the centenary of ( Andrew Carnegie’s birth recalls that in his r library benefactions, which gave 1,946 li¬ braries to the United States, Indiana fared better than any other state. Carnegie built .164 libraries in Indiana. California was sec-; ond with 142 and Illinois and New York were tied for third with 106. In addition to the 164 public libraries built with Carnegie funds* he aided in the construction of two college libraries, at DePauw and Earlham. Carnegie also provided endowments of $75,000 for Notre Dame, $50,000 for Wa¬ bash, $25,000 for Butler and an $18,750 building for Moores Hill. He appropriated $50,000 for the library building at DePauw; and $30,000 for the library at Earlham. Other funds have been appropriated for Ind¬ iana colleges in later years by the Carnegie! corporation of New York. When Andrew Carnegie began his library! work in 1881, few .American communities had free public libraries. The momentum he| gave to the public library movement in America resulted in libraries for virtually! .every town. The conditions of Carnegie’s library gifts! were that the community had to provide the! site for the building, possess or obtain the! books and suitable equipment and pledge an; annual appropriation for maintenance, usual¬ ly 10 per cent of the amount of the Carnegie gift..With this assurance that the commu¬ nity would take interest in the maintenance of the library, Mr. Carnegie paid the cost off the, building. i }tlUJ■-* X-CjHt-Cut (% ('■ • - 7/ CARNEGIE CENTENARY I The public library nowadays is sol M frequently taken as a matter ofp•■,■ fjj course that we are likely to forget] the important part played by An¬ drew Carnegie in starting the library | movement in this country. This. 1 year marks the hundredth anniver¬ sary of Carnegie’s birth, and the oc¬ casion makes it an appropriate time to recall some of the great ' steel ; ' ' ’ll man’s benefactions. Few persons will remember, for instance, that in Carnegie’s library gifts, Indiana fared belter than any other state in the union. AH of us know of course that one of the 164 libraries built in Indiana is located in Goshen. Carnegie built - a total o 1,946 public libraries, and af ter indi taa, California received the largest number with 142. Illinois and New J York were third with 106 each; ohm fourth with 104, and Iowa got 104 In addition to the public libraries in Indiana Carnegie built two colieg libraries, at DeFauw and Earlham and provided endowments for li¬ braries at Notre Dame, Wabash, Butler and Moores Hill. When Carnegie began his library work, there were, few public libraries in the United States. Today nearly every city and town of any size has one. ./J st j '/t i A CsC ^ ^ it I t y THE LIBRARY AS A FITTING MEMORIAL .Tile one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie is being fittingly observed in Chi¬ cago Heights due to the alertness of the staff and the trustees of the Chicago Heights Free Public li¬ brary, a gift to the city by the great philanthropist. The Chicago Heights library has always played an important part in the intellectual and cultural life of the city, always during the 33 years since its founding the doors of the institution have been open for service to the public. Its career has not always been evidenced by the tranquility ( ever pres¬ ent in the atmosphere of the place, for jthere have been periods when financial stress threatened its very existence. But the courageous efforts of those in active charge and the trustees who have given freely of their services, have brought the library through to a point where its future gives promise of being as enduring as the community itself. The community should never underestimate the value of the library to Chicago Heights. It is a haven for those seeking lasting entertainment and enlightenment found only in good literature. Like¬ wise it should not underestimate the loyalty of the present staff of the library and the efforts of the trustees, one of whom, Mrs. Homer Abbott, has served continuously since 1914. The Chicago Heights Free Public Library stands as a true memorial to Mr. Carnegie and to the fore- sighted men and women who secured the endowment for Chicago Heights. CL {ItU . <-ru ’ HEBtjnSTBSl ABIES 1 Celebration this year of the cen-, ■ diary of Andrew Carnegie’s birth | '■ecailffl- that in'Whegie’s library eim faction, which gave 1,9 46 ibraries to the United States, Xnd- ana fared better than any other | .rate b£ the Union. • . I mm Carnegie built 164 libraries m M Indiana, including the one at Cul- ™ ver. California was second with 142’ Carnegie libraries, Illinois• and New York third with 106; l§i iand New York tmra wuu Si Ohio fourth with 10 5 and Iowa 164 Carnegie public ’libraries in * Indiana, Carnegie funds were p used for the -.construction of two college libraries, at DePauw and Earlham. Carnegie also provided endow¬ ments of $75,000 for Notre Dame, 4 50 00,0 for Wabash, $25,000 for ] Butler, and an $18,750 building (for Moores Hill. He appropriated $50,000 for the library building at DePauw and $36,000 for the lib¬ rary at Earlham. Other funds have : been appropriated for Indiana col¬ leges in later years by the Carne- : ie Corporation of New York. When Andrew Carnegie began his library work in 1881, a few American .communities had free public libraries. The momentum he ■ gave to the public libi ary movement in America resulted in | libraries for virtually every town, j The conditions of Carnegie’s library gifts were that the com¬ munity had to provide the site for the building, possess or obtain the books and suitable equipment, and pledge an annual appropria-; tion for maintenance,, usually 10: per cent of the amount of the, Carnegie gift. With this assurance | that the community would take; interest in the. maintenance of the; library, Mr. Carnegie . paid the I cost " of the building. . \ /x + X. ? ^ /7 C arnegie s Indiana Gift!. INDIANA'S bookish inclinations may be reflected 1 by the report that, it ,h£^J|oore Carnegie libraries than any other state ip. thiCijnion. This is the cen¬ tennial year of Andre# Carnegie’s birth and statis¬ tics regarding his library benefactions were worked out in connection with the celebration. There are 154 Carnegie libraries in Indiana be¬ sides college libraries at DePauw and. Earlham and benefactions to other Indiana educational institu¬ tions. California is second with 142, Illinois and New York third with 106 each, Ohio fourth with 105 and Iowa fifth with 101. Carnegie also provided endowments of $75,000 for Notre Dame, • $50,000 for Wabash, $25,000 for Butler, and an $18,750 building for Moores Hill.' He appropriated $50,000 for the library building at De¬ Pauw and $30,000 for the library at Earlham. Other funds have been appropriated for Indiana colleges in later years by the Caqiegie Corporation of New York. When Andrew Carnegie began his library work’ in 1881, few American communities had free pifblic libraries. The momentum he gave to the public library movement in America resulted in libraries for virtually every town. The conditions of Carnegie’s gifts were that the community had to provide the site for the building, ! possess or obtain the books f and suitable equipment and pledge an annual appropriation fop maintenance, usually 10 percent of the amount of the Carnegie gift. With this assurance thpt the community would take interest in the mainiena^e of the lib-1 rary, Mr. Carnegie paid the cost' of the building. I ;< ccj Sec ^ / l/x a? 7 / 7 £> A Rugged Individualist. Andrew C^rmegie’s centenary Monday recalled the career of this little Scotchman, the son of an old- country weaver, who amassed millions in steel. In the days of an expanding America he ran his fortune higher and higher. His estate at his death comprised a paltry 22 million. The rest had been given away like peanuts. As he ascended the golden ladder he allowed as¬ sociates to come part way with him. He was proud of the fact that he had created forty millionaires, who! were called his “partners.” Even Morgan has done 1 no*" better than that. His career after he entered the steel business on j a small scale was one of growth and expansion. He | formed a partnership with Frick because Frick had j coke interests and Carnegie thought his own mills I were paying too much for that product. In his career i in steel Carnegie witnessed the introduction of the | Bessemer and “open hearth” processes. When he j disagreed with his old partner, Frick, he proceeded to f buy up Frick’s interests. It was the day of the trust | and large combination of capital and industry. Rivals i were developing who threatened his power and he f decided to liquidate. Eventually he interested J. P. j Morgan, Sr., who was already a rival and the out- 1 come of the negotiations was the purchase of the Car- j negie interests by the Morgan group and the forma- '1 tion of the United States Steel corporation. Carnegie [ received the equivalent of $500,000,000 for his interests, a price he had originally himself set. Carnegie then set about practicing a “gospel of wealth” he had evolved in his younger days. It was to the effct. that the man who died rich died dis¬ graced. Carnegie libraries began to appear in cities and there were “foundations” and trusts, fore he had finished, the name Carnegie was in the facades of 3,000 libraries in the United and other lands. He had hoped to retire at thirty- five when he had an income of $50,000 a year but he did not do it. Carnegie as a boy had been bobbin-boy in a tex¬ tile mill and Western Union messenger. He was at one time a division superintendent for the Pennsyl¬ vania railroad when “rebates” were given to good shippers, rising from a post as telegraph operator to that position. He served in the army transpoi department during the Civil war. He was a “si man in real life. Andrew Carnegie Centenary Observance The.; century of progress ip Tib- j x-ary development from the birth of Andrew Carnegie in 1835 to the | present time affords contrasts which seem extraordinary in view of the comparatively short span of years. The librarian of the ear¬ lier days was a keeper of books and the library was a storehouse whose treasures were jealously guarded and used only by the learned few. Wire netting often, screened the shelves to keep the’ patrons from handling the books. Children were not permitted in most of these retreats of the schol- lar. The thought of taking a book home from the older libraries would have seemed preposterous. Today there are in the United | States alone some 10,000 national, | state, county, municipal, school, ' college and university libraries. They are regularly used by more than 24 million people and - they circulate hundreds of millions of books a year. The modern library has won a place beside the public school as an instrument of educa¬ tion and the present-day librarian does not wait for people to come to the library—he reaches out into the community to find and serve new readers. Some of the noteworthy features of libraries today which were lacking’a hundred years ago are: Free access to open shelves so readers may browse among the books. Children’s rooms with specially trained librarians to devote their time wholly to the needs of .boys and girls. Readers’ advisers to diagnose and prescribe for the particular needs of individuals. Provision for those who cannot come to the main library by means of branches and traveling libraries. Reading guides to help the se-^ rious reader select from millions of books the ones best adapted to his needs. Special services to schools and the taking over of their job when formal schooling,, is over. Book automobiles to take books to readers in remote places. Express, mail,. ...telephone and even airplane Service to make books accessible to those who could not have them otherwise. Special service to factories, stores, mines, hospitals, prisons and asylums. Books in raised print arid talk¬ ing books for blind patrons. All of these changes are in harmony with the principles underlying the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie. “I do not want to be known for what I give” Mr. Carnegie once said, “but for what I induce others to give.” It was his desire to make his gift valuable, not merely be¬ cause of its value in dollars and cents but because of the civic in¬ terest it created in the library idea. Every community accepting the offer of a Carnegie grant was re¬ quired to furnish a site and agree to supply- an annual maintenance fund of at least ten per cent of the amount of the gift. To the fact that the communities were expected to maintain and develop their libraries, Mr. Carnegie attrib¬ uted most of their usefulness. He believed in helping the community to help itself without minimizing the public interest or responsibility. 1 Carnegie Centennial In connection 5 with the observ¬ ance of the Andrew Carnegie cen¬ tennial, Nov. 25, 26 and 27, framed j portraits oi tne famous fianeier and philanthropist will be pre¬ sented to all of the libraries that his gifts made possible in this and other English-speaking countries. Mr. Carnegie was born Nov. 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Scotland, and came to this country as a poor boy, making his fortune here and using much of it, prior to his death, in making public benefac¬ tions. During these later years, public libraries have become so much a part of the American life that few of us realize exactly what Andrew Carnegie^did for the advancement of education and civilization when he presented to the public 2,811 public libraries, of which 1,946 were built in the United States. All of us who are. past 35 years of age probably can remember of hearing older relatives, especially parents and grandparents, dis¬ cuss their efforts to obtain good reading material during the nine¬ teenth century. In most cases, some few families in a neighbor¬ hood had been able to purchase a few good books, and these were exchanged and lent to others, read and re-read until they were completely worn out. We can re¬ member of hearing our mother tell how fortunate her family was thought to be because it owned a complete 'set’ of the works of Sir Walter Scott, and how many times these books were read by the fam¬ ily until they' were treated as old and familiar friends. She told how carefully books were read and di¬ gested, not sketched hastily as we are prone to, read books today, but each word read and given its proper value. At the time that they were made, many of Carnegie’s gifts were passed over lightly—much as is the work of the Rockefeller Foundation today—and few peo¬ ple realized what he was doing to broaden and educate the minds of those who compose the American public. It is only by imagining what Shelbyville, and all of these other small cities, would be like ^ today if they had no public li- j braries that we can realize what ( his philanthropy has meant. The j manner in which many of them j (and among, them, the one located here) have been neglected is to be I regretted.' There are many universities on j 'the shelves of every public library J I if the public chooses .to, .use them. ! 0 S- r) l ■ / nt LC(.i£ Ql2*'-Cc < U t£-Ci „ a . ^ c A/ : f?-3 ^ ' * Celebration this year of the centenary of Andrew Car¬ negie s birth recalls that in Carnegie’s library benefactions, winch gave .1,946 libraries to the United States, Indian;, lared ^ better than any other state of the Union. Carnegie- built 164; libraries in Indiana. California was second with 142 Carnegie libraries, Illinois and New York third with 106; Ohio fourth with 105 and Iowa fifth with, 10 L In addition to the 164 Carnegie libraries in Indiana, Carnegie funds were used for the construction of two coi- lege libraries, at Deltauw and Earlham. Capiegie also provided' endowments, of $75,000 for Notre vrli 11 ! 6, f'J?’ 00 ? aJjashf $25,000 for Butler, and an $18,- 750 building, lor Moores Hill. He appropriated $50,000 for S°iw b n ll ' y hU r£l ng at DePauw and 5 $30,000 for the library at ^aimain, Utlier funds have been appropriated for Indi- New C Yorf S ^ ^ >WS by the CarnegieCorporationof I When Andrew Carnegie began his library work in 1881 | few American communities bad free public libraries. The 1 momentum he gave to the public library movement in Amen i ! ca resulted m libraries for virtually every town. The.conditions of Carnegie’s library gifts were that the •ommumty had to provide the site for the building, possess .... obtain tiie books and suitable equipment and pledge an annual appropriation for maintenance, usually 10 per cent ?h,?tr, 8M0 “ nt ° f -t he Ca ™ egie gift With this assurance that the community would take interest in the mainte- "uildin^ tbe lbrary ’ Mr * Carnegie paid the cost of the 7 .C < C - 'Q.'YL'jA- -- ( r. t) <-3 ■ Ca rnegie Anniversary Of Andrew Car- . LQueua than any other state 01 the Union Carnegie built 164 libraries in TnHPmo n v-e anSSSHF usaa* few AmeiCim'communitifes 6 T’ I that the or obtain the book? and siS^u •>!.mual appropriation for maintenance, dually 10 ne/Unt of. the amount of the Carnegie °’i.ft Witn ^ 361 cen ^ tnat the community would take interest in^thp 1ssur ? 1 l ce au c “® - £ aTtp : O • ..V, (. V.-fA . /S> / f. / ? * '' ■ varuegie: Centeimrij, CelCnation this year of the -centenary* of. Andrew Carnegie’s birth recalls that] in JiiY library benefactions, 'which, gave ; l,9d6 libraries to the United States, Indi¬ ana fared better than any other state. Car¬ negie built 164 libraries in Indiana, Cali¬ fornia was ^second with 142 .and Illinois and New York were t^ed fpr third with .106. In addition to the .164 public librar¬ ies built with Carnegie funds, lie aided in the construction dTTwb col[ege libraries, j at DePauw. and Earlham. Carnegie also provided endowments of . $75,000 for Notre Dame, $50,000 for Wa- ; •bash, $25,000 for Butler, and an $18,750^ building for Moores Hill. He appropriat/l ed $50,000 for the library building at He- : Pauw and $30,000 ..for "lhe> library at, Earl- j ham. Other funds have been appropriat- j ed for Indiana colleges in later years by j the Carnegie corporation of New York. j When Andrew Carnegie began his li-‘ |> br ary work in 1881, few American corn- | munitios had free public libraries. The j momentum he gave to the public library j movement in America, resulted in libraries j for virtually every town. The * conditions of * Carnegie’s library ! gifts were that the community had to pro- } vide the site for the building, possesses ] or obtain- the books and suitable equip- j rnept and pledge an annual appropriation j for maintenance, usually 10 percent of the 4 -pOunt of the Car.negie. gift. With fb M assurance that the-community would take fi . interest.in the maintenance of the library, * MY. Carnegie, paid the cost of the; build- 4ng.:"' rt h ah h^ L -- Anniversary Celebration this year of the centenary of Andrew Car¬ negie’s birth recalls that in Carnegie’s library benefactions, which gave 1,946 libraries to the United States, Indiana fared better than any other state of the Union. f! • Carnegie built 164 libraries in Indiana. California was Hsecond with 142 Carnegie libraries, Illinois and New York |third with 106; Ohio fourth with 105 and Iowa fifth with 101. In addition to the 164,Carnegie libraries in Indiana, Carnegie funds were used for the construction of two col- liege libraries, at DePauw and Earlham. Carnegie also provided endowments of $75,000 for Notre Dame, $50,000 for Wabash, $25,000 for Butler, and an $18,- 750 building for Moores Hill. He appropriated $50,000 for lithe library building at DePauw and $30,000 for the library at Karlllam. Other funds have been appropriated for Indi- f ma colleges in later years by the Carnegie Corporation of i||New York. When Andrew Carnegie began his library work in 1881, K‘few American communities had free public libraries. The I nomentum he gave to the public library movement in Amer¬ ica resulted in libraries for virtually every town. The conditions of Carnegie’s library gifts were that the S | 1 ommumty had to provide the site for the building, possess I§1B i :’pr obtain the books and suitable equipment and pledge an ual appropriation for maintenance, usually 10 per cent of the amount of the Carnegie gift. With this assurance that the community would take interest in v the mainte- jjwnance of the library, Mr. Carnegie paid the cost of the I lil . wi building. ^mSKm There is a strange paradox in the public’s acclaim anc^j tribute to Andrew Carnegie on the occasion of his centennial anniversary. Just now public leaders are knifing bigness. For political, effectiveness they point an accusing finger at anything that | smatters of wealth or success. The Mellons, the Morgans, the Rockefellers'; .and other multi-millionaire eitizens have been maligned and scorned and another group would, eonliscufe all wealth, for re-distribution. In the midst of all this modern prea ehincnt and thought] this nation will pause today to honor the memory of one oi the world’s wealthiest men. He is none other than Andrews ; Carnegie. Mr. Carnegie turned his wealth to the benefit of man¬ kind. He spent his early years amassing a great fortune and j i hten spent his latter years organizing trusts and distributing[ $350,060,000. He died a comparatively poor man. I A young Scotch boy, he came to this country in 1,848 and | he grew up with the industrial development of a great nation.j He had little worldy goods at the start. He was a messenger i boy, a telegrapher, a railroader and finally an industrialist. I He gained a large part of his schooling, reading in a free li-j Jbrary at Western, Pennsylvania. He laid his industrial sue - 1 cess to the training and information he received at this first y free library, and he never forgot it. When fortune smiled upon him he determined to place! free libraries at the disposal of other boys so that they, too, might enjoy benefits that generously affected his life, lie did. He sat Up 281.1 f ree public libraries in the English speaking §1 countries ol the world, in addition to establishing many trust B funds to aid humanity. Mr. Carnegie, though tinged with the smut of wealth, per- $1 formed a great service for mankind. He put. his great wealth I and his fine intellect into a lasting investment. Public librar- ies are now part and parcel of every enterprising city. (Janie- 11 gie led the way. What Carnegie has done, other men of wealth ha ve clone I® in other ways. The Morgans and Rockefellers have given mil- < : lions to public enterprises. Hospitals, universities, schools, B churches, laboratories have enjoyed financial aid. Science has® progressed, and mankind lias benefitted by their great contri- ife but ions. Without wealth and without tile contributions of B benefactors, large and small, science, medicine and education J would not have advanced in this country. Most men of wealth return great portions of it to the up- wj building of the people from whom they got it ; they invest it I in enterprises that will aid posterity. Andrew Carnegie, whose P birthday the nation observes today, was one of these great® benefactors whose, wealth went to a lasting cause. Money in the hands of high-minded men is not the root® of all evil. — Red Oak Express. a ; - r < li¬ brary gifts were that the com¬ munity had to provide the site for the building, possess or obtain the books and suitable equipment, and pledge an annual appropriation for maintenance, usually 10 per cent of the amount of the Carnegie gift. With this assurance that the com¬ munity would take interest in the maintenance of the library, Mr. Carnegie paid the cost of the build¬ ing. Forward looking citizens of Pu¬ laski county took advantage of the opportunity anct secured three of the buildings, at Monterey, Fran- cesville and Winamac, which stand as monuments not only to Mr. Carnegie but as well to those who made it possible for the communi¬ ties to' enjoy his beneficence. /'Cl. £ THE CARNEGIE EXAMPLE (New YorkHeraM Tribune) Perhaps the most striking memories recalled by the centennial of Andrew Car¬ negie’s birthday was the extraordinary variety of his interests and gifts. In the public mind;it is the scores of libraries which have become identified trith the name. The amiable weakness for seeing his name carved in stone on a build¬ ing has served, oddly enough, to push into the background many of the other fine gifts, the creations of a true generosity and a bold imag¬ ination. Immortality is a willful jade, in short. She selects what appeals to her for public preserva¬ tion, and neither organization nor the mere power of money can alter her decisions. Among the many different gifts, from the Peace Palace at The Hague to beloved Carnegie Hall in this city, it is undoubtedly the vast funds granted to education, both toward the betterment of the. lot, of the professor and, even more significant, toward the advancement of research and learn¬ ing, which best deserve to be Andrew Carnegie’s monument. It the "present celebration '-does nothing else than to remind the public of these' great donations it will have- justified itself. c A V e /C /< c /'JLt.-uw '. JL JjA k THE CARNEGIE EXAMPLE (New York Herald Tribune) If Perhaps the most extraordinary given to memo- f| 1 I f ies b y the centennial of Andrew Carnegie’s birthdhy «& ' ;.f was the extraordinary variety of his interests and I I gifts. In the public mind it is the scores of libra- B • I ries which have become identified with the name. H J The amiable weakness for seeing his name carved in fei stone on a building has served, oddly enough, to if j push into the background many of the other fine ® | gifts, the creations of a true generosity and a bold If i imagination. || j Immortality is a willful jade, in short. She selects H j what appeals to her for public preservation, and §j? I neither organization nor the mere power of money n| ;.j can alter her decisions. Among the many different || j gifts, from the Peace Palace at The Hague to beloved I I Carnegie Hall in this city, it is undoubtedly the vast ffl 1 f un ds granted to education, both toward’ the better- H j ment of the lot of the professor and, even more sig- B| j nificant, toward the advancement of research and i learning, which best deserve to be Andrew Carne* B| | f ie ’ s monument. If the present celebration does noth- || j ing else than to remind the public of these great §f| 1 donations it will have justified itself. • , M j ^ c hud _ hjnr Jr? y ^ - CARNEGIE AND TWAIN. One phrase borrowed. frequently by An¬ drew Carnegie—“sweetness and light" —probably best expresses the benefits accruing to mankind through the lives of two great Americans whose birth¬ day centenaries are to be celebrated next week—Carnegie and Samuel L. Clemens, beat known as "Mark Twain," , The benefactions—he called them dis¬ tributions—of Carnegie were motivated by a desire for "the improvement of | mankind.” To this purpose, he be¬ stowed upon such organizations as li¬ braries, universities and research funds more than $350,000,000. He also brought into, the councils of the rich a new appreciation of benevolence. Rich I men, Carnegie said, had no moral right i to their surplus accumulation; They I were entitled to a liberal competence, ■i he held, but beyond that they were : trustees for the public; their task was | I to see that their surpluses were dis¬ tributed in ways that would best pro¬ mote the welfare and happiness of man. To "sweetness and light” Mark Twain, too, contributed greatly and immor- I tally. Through his enrichment of the 'world’s source of chuckles. Twain helped to convince mankind that life was something not only to be lived in- j dustriously and well, but to be enjoyed. He taught the world something of the pure gusto of existence, this Missou¬ rian who could strip a situation to the essentials and, With disarming good [ nature, put l^s finger on the truth. His humor was the lasting sort defined by Carlyle as springing "not more from the head than the heart. It is not con¬ tempt; its essence is love. It issues not in laughter, but in smiles that lie far deeper.” The centenaries of, these two men are occasions of significance for America, & nation justly proud that it has given to the world two of its great moderns. / . A ^ ; } d - The Pirmis ?ff A Fortune / Throughout this week, the peoples of every cilivized na¬ tion on the earth" celebrated the centennial of the birth of| Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate and philanthropist. They?., not only commemorate the genius of the little Scotch wizard] of fiiiance, who amassed the second largest fortune in thej world, but they also paid tribute to his generosity and to his j’ kindness as he endowed over'$300,000,000 to various causes. He established numerous libraries," several technical schools, and trust funds for the advancement of peace, heroism, and learning. The worid* today is better because Andrew Carne¬ gie lived. The inspiration of Carnegie’s example serves as a lesson to every poor boy, who. thinks he hasn’t a chance. The life .story of that steel magnate who immigrated to America a poor boy from Scotland, and rose to fame and fortune is familial* to us all, but one that never wearies in the telling. In the Autumn of Carnegie’s life, he was wont to assemble a group of literary men, artists, and scientists at his far-famed Skibo Castle. Thus he helped the individual genius of each person toward the common' goal of truth and knowledge. Truly his generosity may be recorded by the world,’ but never sufficiently acknowledged. ( _ Jy/ci *. CrC /(C-cL A XL tt it ^vvL ,. ( 7 ^ <5 CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL. On the 25th of this month the centen-j nial of the birth of Andrew Carnegie j will be observed in Scotland and in this / country. Mr. Carnegie lived to such aj ripe old age, and the 16 years since his I death have slipped past so quickly, that! it is something of a surprise to be re- 1 minded that his remarkable career be¬ gan a century ago. Mr. Carnegie’s benefactions, the En¬ dowment for International Peace, the Hero Funds, the institutions at Wash- j i^gton and Pittsburgh, the gifts to j Scotland, all keep his name and life in j the minds of millions, but the libraries j have probably meant more to more j people than the other gifts, j No one can say how many lives, have | been brightened, for those with little or | not hing to spare for amusement and i e ducat.ion, through these libraries. For millions within reach of the libraries books have been made as obtainable as p could be wished. Anyone with the time I and ability to read can find a liberal' education or a pleasant diversion at little or no expense, if his city has a library. Not because he made so much money, nor even because he gave so much away, but because he gave it in a way to fill a need that he himself had felt as a poor youth, Andrew Carnegie will be remembered by millions this month. ; C I n "u- ^ Ui > LiL . iTHE CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL 'he centennial celebration of the birth of Andrew Carnegie will be observed November 25, 26 and 27 throughout United States, Canada and Great Britain. As a part of the celebration, the Carnegie Corporation of New York is presenting to all Carnegie libraries in the United States and the British Dominions and Colonies, a reproduction of a portrait of Andrew Car¬ negie by Luis Mora, framed for permanent display. Between 1881, when he built his first library gifts ceased, Carnegie donated 2,81.1 public libraries in the English speaking world. Of these 1,946 were built in the United States. Carnegie was bom in Dun¬ fermline, November 25, 1835. T37- C-^ /9<5 y r ■ ' ' ' ; - ■ ■ ■ ' J Centennial for the Great Builder of Libraries In November the centennial of the birth of Andrew Carnegie will be celebrated—the man best known,-pefhaps, for his enormpus benefactions to establish libraries. Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scot- i land, on Nov. 25, 1835. But it was in thys ctHwitiy that he made his enormous fortune and where his trust funds were established. It was in Dunfermline that he built his first library and even today he is remem¬ bered there as “an awfu’ man to read.” In the United States he built 1,946 libraries and 865 in other parts of the English speaking world. Nor was this all of his benefactions. He created the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh in 1906 which conducts an institute of tech¬ nology, a museum of fine arts, a music hall, a museum of natural history, a public library and a library school; the Carnegie Institution of Washington, devoted to scien¬ tific research; the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission, to "recognize heroic acts per¬ formed in the peaceful walks of life; the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, to provide retiring pensions for teachers and to advance higher educa¬ tion; the Carnegie Endowment, for Inter¬ national Peace, to serve the purpose In¬ dicated by its name; and the Carnegie Cor¬ poration of New York, for the advance¬ ment and diffusion of knowledge and un¬ derstanding among the people of the United States and the British dominions arid colonies. When Carnegie died, he was a. man of f only moderate wealth, as estimated in pres¬ ent day terms. During his lifetime he had given away or established endowments to¬ talling $350,000,000. Though there is no adequate biography of Carnegie, much has been written about him and he wrote considerable about him¬ self. Perhaps few i people realize that the steel business, important as it was to Car¬ negie’s career, seems almost to have been merely an avocation. His early ambition inclined to journalism. The use to which his great fortune has been put, through his wise planning, has been a model upon which many American benefactions have been based. All of it goes to the help and advancement of mankind. /a/ ; }H4. < ~"Wt'T) f / fs$ ^ c IfUrut,^ JL « pte-f/P Aft 4^< , ,dU, Aec, J,/?3S IVlLVr W1IX SUBSTITUTE? The recent reviews of . his manner of tributing a vast fortune which have atte ! the observance of the 100th anniversary i the birth of Andrew Carnegie give rise I to the question of how such enterprise I social advancement as he sponsored may financed In the future. Andrew Carnegie ca me to America as a i of 12 and, ‘‘starting, from scratch,” he in life became one of those commonly kx*w»**, great .captains of industry, and not al- vs comnlimentarily referred to as “mag- ways complimentariiy referred -- — —- nates” or “moguls.” He amassed his fortune out of the world’s, remaking of its rails, 1 , bridges, freight cars, battleships, merchant J I ships and tall buildings; its wire fences and its pipe lines. But the world remembers him not because of the fortune he amassed but | because he pioneered in a new realm of giv¬ ing. He did not like the term “philanthro¬ pist,” regarding , himself rather as a bus- | todian and “distributor” of the wealth that g | came to him. £ - Before Andrew Carnegie was 75 he hadl . ‘ [ given away more than $300,000,000. There I still remained $150,000,000 and of that he* J gave $125,000,000 to the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Then, remembering a EGINNING November twenty-fifth, theii _) are being held this week in literally hundred ^communities observances of the 100th anniveif sary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, notecPphiT anthropist, whose benefactions TT the gifts of A braries has been one of the greatest educational f.orces in America. Hook-hungry himself when { messenger boy in Pittsburgh, the Scotch lad earlfg learned the joy of reading when the wealthy Coif"' James Anderson opened his library of four hunl dred volumes to “working boys.” Realizing thJ great need of hooks, Carnegie after becoming wealthy as a steel magnate, gave 1 of his large foil' tune nearly $65,000,000 to build, endow or equip, 28IT libraries, of which. 1900 are in the United! States and Canada. Upon the occasion of the one! hundredth anniversary of the birth of Carnegie in] '1—IW *mm ma P unfermIine » ScotIand > is fitting that attfentioJ be turned to- the public library movement of which] H he mi ’gbt well he called the father. In 1881 the! gift of a public library to his native village initii atec l his philanthropic program which 1 to hp 51 mncfi xr i 1 E/-v—U1 * « .i.L has cause lie had overlooked, he reduced the remnant of his personal fortune to $15,- 000,000. Carnegie gifts built 2,811 libraries, and pushed back the frontiers in almost every field of learning. His, foundation for the ad¬ vancement of teaching has brought security _ in old age to thousands of college teachers, 1 has helped in the reform of American medical [education, and is now at work on survey, that may have a revolutionary effect on gen¬ eral education. Andrew Carnegie was only one of many ; who found the wise distribution of their for- Itunes even more difficult than amassing [them. But we are now pioneering an era in [which it seems to be the determination that I no tremendous fortunes shall ever again be i amassed. And endowed colleges, together j with endowed enterprises of every kind' are [looking with extreme apprehension to the [future. Can and wil! the already overbur- I dened government treasuries take on also the burden of substituting for these once-preval- | ent philanthropies, or will they be allowed to ! languish and die? This is a question that a j great many are already viewing with a grave ; concern. * x -- V» *xxv,xi x Jll», ^lUVViU to be a most vital force in. public education. Car-] negie’s idea was not to give and finance librarieJ as he felt that it was the duty of the govemmenii to do its part, but he adopted the policy of givinj the buildings in which, the books would be placed! lie lealized that many communities would • co-op-1 eiate if the buildings were given free.and he late™ said that it was not the gifts which he himsellf made that gave him the greatest satisfaction bill the fact that he had persuaded others to give. Hil said, “I chose free libraries as the best agenciY.I- for improving the masses of the people, because! they give nothing for nothing. They help who help themselves. They never pauperize, reach the aspiring, and open to these the treasures, of the world—those stored in books.”, Payette is one of the communities that was priv- H, i Ie £ e( ] t0 receive a Carnegie gift of a library build¬ ing. It was established here in 1910. There is be¬ ing carried on in connection with the centenary! observance of.the benefactor’s birth an effort tol improve libraries and to add to the volumes so that* 1 the efficiency of the institutions may be increased 1-1 Such an attempt is being made in this community! I and the library board and the librarian have -asked® individuals and clubs .to make gifts of books inir: memory of the great philanthropist whose influ-lf ence for the uplift of the masses cannot he fath-Ml omed. If'! . t - J ^ ’ "yL#—)) . / the laied of skibo of Noyember the people of the United 1 | S ’, coti * n which missed the news 1 of that pmneer philanthropist’s activities will be interested IUI tale through "the EU™* ** H " new and fascinating U tluough the daily press a week or so hence. ^esperfoUtLTortt in ^ * * ** 4: Dunfermline in 1835; came to America in a'wbllLg^hooncr 1 ana ■* pro|&s W ’ th mtereS ,‘ h ° W he es tahlished the Bessemer 7 library, he began with Dunfermline and built 2 811 “"™ *■» English..p.aking ™, H ’ I 1 ° f h , 1S Ue had be en employed in tile gigantic task of amassing bis wealth, he found that the distribution of t itter yearswas an even greater job. There wore times when he was afraid he wouldn’t finish his tout up v n Was of his days. He lived in accordance wfth hVowl lilo” as best expressed by his favorite poet, Robert Burns GwnI owmreproaey,,o„e do fear,” a good enough phil^ph^ C <- 7 >Unt . C 4 7j /fa\ ■ THE CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL * • The hundredth anniversary of Mark Twain’s birth is swiftly followed by the hundredth anniversary of Andrew Carnegie’* birthday. Celebrations have been held in the United States and the British Isles in honor of the old iron master, who came to the United States a poor Scotch boy, accumulated a fabulous fortune and gave much of it away before his death. The story of Carnegie’s life is filled with more interest and j romance than that of most of our great millionaires. Not only . that ’ ^rnegie was an unusual nabob by reason of the fact j that he wrote his autobiography, for he was almost as eager to shine as a writer as he was to possess the earth. He seemed to prize the friendship and acquaintance of literary men with a peculiar avidity. Like many another man vouchsafed but little schooling in his youth, he looked on book learning with a feeling akin to adoration. Perhaps if d;re necessity had hot forced him to hustle for a living and practice the Scotch thrift his mother taught , him at her knee, the world would have been blessed with an indifferent ]: author instead of another Midas. As it turned out however, young Andrew went to work as a telegraph messenger, became an operator, had to do with the dispatching of trains for the northern armies during the Civil war, and after the war found himself a coming man in that section of Pennsylvania where fortune after fortune was to be piled up before the nineteenth century had passed. oroSti^r 6 th , 6 - icheSt ° f the Pittsbur * h millionaires, and probably the most pious. Certainly he was the most sagacious. When the first Pierpoht Morgan determined to buy him out ; Carnegie named his own price. Then he set about reducing his j 0a l° ] f wealtb by building peace palaces and public libraries. - „ e e . scop ® d “to ten lines, that was the career of Andrew | Carnegie. We can name only one man—Rockefeller—who made | S 0re rao ? ey t . ha .“ he dld > and he H ved during the period when in Wilf 68 * fortu f es . thls c °uutry has known were gathered n. Will we ever look upon his like again, or the like of his contemporaries such as Rockefeller, Jay Gould, Commodore Vanderbilt, James J. Hijl, to name only the most illustrious ? So ar from anticipating another race like them, J. P. Morgan the other day predicted the extinction of all American fortunes Sme1ie hlrt s n e - ars 1 V he Present rates of taxati ™ continue, welbh h B fn d contem P oraries pocketed their tremendous wealth before the government began taking nearly fifty ner cent of every million of income. P — o w w V/ - 1A vwiicvi y Although certain usually reliable reference books give the year of Andrew Carnegie’s birth as 1837, there is in progress under the lead- eiship of the Carnegie Corporation of Nfew York a-countrywide cele¬ bration of today as the centennial of his arrival into a world he thoroughly enjoyed. The reference books are also somewhat at vari¬ ance as to early adventures in busi¬ ness, at least one of them being worded so ambiguously as to make it appear he arrived from Scotland as a grown man and instantly ob¬ tained an important railway posi¬ tion. Suffice it for this review that he was brought over as a mere lad by his parents and went to work as a weaver’s assistant at an age that would run counter to our mod¬ ern conception of the appropriate¬ ness of things. Yet in. after years he never held that ,up against any ' body, but took great pride in hav¬ ing accomplished so much without! having enjoyed regular schooling.! No man ever had greater love for i an adopted country, although he! spent much of his later life in the land of his origin;, no man ever hau greater faith in the United S,tates. His "Triumphant Democracy ” j might be read with profit by many f who today denounce our system off J government as a failure. Perhaps a decade before Mr. \ Carnegie died, his career in the I steel business was critically ex-1 amined and the findings' printed 1 with many facsimile letters, tele-1 grams and other papers in supposed I support of the assertions. The au-1 thors undertook to show that “Andy” was never much of a steel maker; that he was never much of j an executive; that he picked extra- f ordinarily capable partners and Jit' spurred them on to pile , up his | wealth, only to cast them aside if j they gave indication of threaten-! ing to block his purposes or share his laurels. Much was made of the! phrase, “Andy rides the band wag- ! on while the others work.” Even if one were disposed to ac¬ cept the picture of Carnegie’s life as thus dri^wn, one would never¬ theless have to concede that the ability to pick as partners or sup¬ erintendents men of the first cali-: ber is the very highest test of an outstanding executive; that the au¬ thors admitted Carnegie’s work on the band Wagon kept profitable ; ; business flowing to his mills. He | may have had a selfish side in | dealing with his partners and sub- : ordinates; he may have crushed I ruthlessly numbers of his business rivals, and he may have been rath er vainer tha,n the average man is | rated by his acquaintances. But t with all thsft granted—merely .fori the sake of the argument—one who I lived and observed in the last | thirty years or so of “Andy’s” career ■ will still contend that he played a very commendable part in our pub¬ lic life with his optimism, his fre¬ quent speeches and his numerous writings; that even if a huge por¬ tion of his vast fortune was “um : earned increment,” resultng solely; from his holding out when the House of Morgan was assembling! the United States Steel Corpora- , tion, he nevertheless manifested:; surprising originality in giving :; away the bulk of his accumulation before he died, the while doing a great deal, of good in many di- - verse directions. He was not a conventional phil¬ anthropist. If he gave directly to relieve sufferings, as to hospitals or similar institutions, or again to, individuals who were in want, lit¬ tle parade was made of it. He gave ? rather to those who were able to help themselves. He was the great' library builder, but he gave only: to communities guaranteeing to| maintain a building upon a percen-j tage basis. Something of the same!, conditions attached to his gifts : of church organs. Yet in other in¬ stances-he built merely to support : an ideal, as in the Pan American Building at Washington and the Palace of Peace at The Hague. TheJ; greater ■ number of his “corpora-; tions,” “foundations” and the like}' promise to function worthily fort many a year to come. MONUMENTS THAT LIVE. M ||| j Had Andrew Qarnegie lived until yesterday r | | he would have been 10(3 years old. Lived? E Yes, as we speak of physical life in relation to I |g its existence. But in spirit, in beneficent deeds | Hwf and in memory the expanse of his life is im- 1 measurable. It spreads over this land of his | k| adoption and extends into his native country f M of Scotland as well as into various other j foreign nations. The monuments established $ ;> by his generosity promise to be more enduring | (fl than those .that commemorate dynasties and | |f> conquerors. In the distribution of his great i i fortune he put into practice his belief that the [ ^ posesssion of wealth is a trust. Had he lived | j a few years longer he would have died poor : :. ; ’A eo far as this world’s goods might be con-jf M cerned. As it was he had given away hun- I dreds of millions of dollars for purposes that | might redound for the welfare of the race and | || the.advancement of civilization. If rivals were T ffi sought the nearest to be found would prob- | m ably be the Rockefellers. And hie beneficience was not of the emc ; l j$! tional kind. It was deliberately and carefully B planned. In many instances it imposed duties 1 $jl and obligations upon the recipients. The Tern- y H P'r P-s?.ce at The Hague and the Pan-Ameri- s • can Palace in Washington ? presupposed the I MB' i ■... . ...ion of their purpose'by the nations of | |g the world, anticipated that they would en- r [ ]’■ courage the promotion of international peace, »£ ggH As a veteran-of our internecine strife he knew || || the horrors of war and was a pioneer in the I. H latest movements for its curbing and euppres- |y Hr sion. He had confidence in the eventual better |v K| judgement and action of the race. Undoubtedly this belief in the salutary mo- || £g| tiveti of men and nations led him to build li- If H braries in English-speaking countries and to h H further education in many other forms. One f ||| of these outstanding importance is exempli- |$| fied in the Carnegie Fund for retired educa- jjj|: || tors and for the encouragements of men and lit HH women to enter the teaching profession and to continue therein. The Carnegie Hero Fund f\ t> as also been an incentive to many brave p deeds, especially those in which live 6 have 11 || been saved. In every activity of a wholesome jC - .and progressive character Carnegie was inter- * -U, ested and with few exceptions was a liberal || ;•* , supporter. Necessarily there were limitations ^ HI to his benefactions and contributions but those |1 g| that be did not aid were ones usually able to 111 care for themselves. \ Among what are now considered as memo- j Ijp rials to .him and his generosity were his re- ;■ H search endowments. At the present time and j H during the last few years studies and surveys | Hi in the fields that might prove beneficial to Bi • youth have been conducted and the findings ’ ■ have been of marked assistance to the move- , ment for the aid of the boys and girls of the I na -tion. Many other monuments to the memory [ H °f Carnegie might be cited and the exercises 11 attending his centennial are most appropriate l|| and fulJ y merited. They give assurance that a j life such as his does not cease with physical |l|l death, that it is more enduring than the com- p position of the Pyramids and the monoliths of granite. ' il ■ , r l'L ( ■/—, *z2 s/ / J C? d WBaii braddock should be included ; . ,; ° n November 25, 26 and 27 M the nation will hold a efenten nial celebration commemorat ing the contributions of An- arevy Carnegie to the cultural mm m J^ veI opment . of.the United ; v| States. Under the. auspices of |. ; [six Carnegie trusts, the cele- I H |b ratl ons*will be held in Pitts- I I burgh, New York, Washing- NIH J t0 ? and °ther large cities. I It is not fitting that Brad- dock, in which stands a monu- ' I rA* 0 ? ne of Carnegie’s first ■ gj contributions to the culture of the land, should not be includ¬ ed in this celebration. To .Braddock went the honor of . ; fc% v Tv the £* st free Iibrar y -donated by Carnegie. This I was 46 years' ago, when, free 'libraries were almost unheard Kvih n £ rchestra -Aral program wilt ^ be presented in New v°rk s Carnegie Music Hall on November 25 to commemorate the opening of the hall in 1891. At that time the Braddock li- Ut?cmf ha i Elready been in °P er - [ation for two years [ J* W0ldd be a fine thing for some public-spirited organiza- 4 tlon to sponsor a simila?pro- ■H : HalT ° Ur ° Wn Carnegie i t™ 1 , rhe / e enough excel¬ lent choral and instrumental gram. iW K An ?/”i Carnegie’s affec- Iwl I ? r . ad 5 io 1 ck wa s second on- hls beloved Skibo. Llt’s Wl?ot keep it a secret 1 f ~ A Cd- -o>.. -i ..A / ^ 4 » fcarnegie Centenary The one hundredth celebration of the birth of Andrew Carnegie was observed last week at different points in the world where the great Scottish steel king had left, the im¬ press of his personality and erosity. Born of poor parents, in Dumferline, Scotland, Andrew Car¬ negie grew to be one of the world’s wealthiest men ' and one of its greatest philanthropists. His activities in the United States brought him closely in touch with Greensburg. Indeed, it was here that his great love for literal ture is believed to have been born and this later resulted in his giv¬ ing many magnificent libraries to cities and boroughs throughout the' country. As a very young man, Andrew Carnegie had learned telegraphy and it was while serving as a sub¬ stitute at the telegraph office, then located at the old station in Greens¬ burg, that he acted as messenger, himself. This part of his work took him frequently to the home of Wil¬ liam A. Stokes, now a part of the Seton Hill property. Formerly it was used as a boys’ school but at present it is called a practice house. This little bit of information was unearthed by the late W. R. Barn¬ hart of Greensburg, when he visit¬ ed Mr. Carnegie at his Scottish Highland home, Skibo Castle, Dor¬ noch, Sutherland, Scotland, some years before his death. Seeing the motto inscribed over the library, Mr. Barnhart made inquiry concerning it and the story was related by Mr. Carnegie in a letter given to his visitor from Greensburg. The letter was written with pen and in Mr. Carnegie’s leg¬ ible handwriting, signed and pre¬ served now as a valuable keepsake and is as follows: “Skibo Castle, Dornoch, Suther¬ land, Scotland. “The first grand house I ever was invited to Spend Sunday in was that of Will A. Stokes of Greens* burg, Pa. I was then, I think, sev¬ enteen. “I admired his grand library. Upon a marble ‘book,” center of fireplace arch, there was carved these words from Bacon: “ ‘He that cannot reason is a fool, He that will not, a bigot, He that dare not, a slave.’ “I have dared to reason and re- Mr. Carnegie quite some years before his death expressed the be¬ lief that it was a disgrace if a rich man did not die poor. He cer¬ tainly did his part to distribute the wealth he had amassed. On more than one occasion, Greensbttrg turned down Carnegie gifts. Per¬ haps the greatest error along this line was when the city refused the offer of a library because of the fear that the cost of the upkeep j would be too great. The Second j Reformed Church here did accept I the gift of an organ from Mr. Car¬ negie. Many of his" charitable foun¬ dations did reach Westmoreland county, largely on account of the interlocking relationship betwfen the Carnegie Steel company and* failed so miserably in being able ject all that it disapproves and to their plans into operation, follow onlv ‘the inde-e within- non- I" the H. C. Frick Coke company. The Carnegie Pension Fund has paid millions to former employees of tile Carnegie Steel company and its various affiliated companies. The Carnegie Hero Fund has given rec¬ ognition to. acts of bravery by hun¬ dreds of persons who have per¬ formed acts of heroism in saving human life. The Carnegie Peace Fund has earnestly, if vainly, sought to promote peace in the world. The Carnegie Foundation carries on many of the continuing charitable / activities which he es-j tablished before his death. The Car- j negie Institute, Pittsburgh, rates as | one of the foremost institutions of learning where hundreds of young j people are fitted for their life work. In these days when there is so ! much talk about the redistribution j of wealth, it might be well for us: to pause and ponder over the use-1 fulness of some of the foundations j which have been set up by such j : men as Messrs. Carnegie and Rocke¬ feller. The pension funds established have tfeen a Godsend to many of the beneficiaries. The hospitals, the I libraries and the research labora-f tories have contributed greatly to| Ihe culture and needs of mankind, jj Therefore, it would seem wise to [ at least give reasonable considera- i tion to the benefits which may have) come from well developed plans of Jj this kind by men who have faced the vicissitudes of life themselves while they were building their for¬ tunes as against the theorists who preach so strongly of what the less fortunate are entitled to, but* have follow only ‘the judge within: con¬ science, the product of Divine rea¬ son. Andrew Carnegie,” I “To W. R. Barnhart, Esq., of j? Gfieensburg, Pa., who has kindly i called upon me this morning and! asked me to copy the words. “Skibo Castle, July 1, 1905.” Jf j/ti, '(l <■:' VLp O V / f'Si* Andrew Carnegie. j QEREMONIES at the one-hundredth an- I niversary of the birth of Andrew Car¬ negie have been entirely fitting. The li- I braries carrying ., his name have* appro- ■ priately, taken the lead. Andrew Carnegie rendered a remark- j able service to the cause of knowledge in T the United States.. He was many times a | millionaire. We was .Scotch. Thereupon he became the target for more barbed j shafts than have fallen to the lot of many | givers-away-of-large-sums. He was ac¬ cused of having been a renegade and | heresy charges were filed against him— j according to the funsters. Caledonian so- i cieties were supposed to have treated him |.as the English treated Joan of Arc—pro¬ vided they could return him to his native [heath for the bonfire effect. He was siip- j- posed to have undone all of the previously j established Scot thrift. Another theory I was that realization of the possession of j more money than the whole of Scotland I overthrew his reason. : Be all as they may, the millions of Andrew Carnegie, made in American steel mills, have gone into books and homes for I them that the generations may read them. Pie belongs in the front rank of public benefactors. There has been a> boy or a girl placed in touch with proper reading matter for each dollar of his donated mil¬ lions. His “canniness” realized handsome returns from his investment. THE CARNEGIE CENTENARY Tomorrow will " mark the centenary of thei birth of Andrew Carnegie, the great §teel mag¬ nate, who in 1889 in a magazine article upon the subject of wealth, visualized, the millionaire as simply “a trustee,” intrusted for a season with a greater part of the increased wealth of ; the community, but administering it for the' community far better than it could or would have done for itself; his philosophy being that { the creditable use of surplus wealth was to ex- [ pend it year by year for the general good. . In l popular parlance Mr. Carnegie’s ideas have been compressed into the phrase that “the man who dies rich dies disgraced,” a quotation which | •does not chance to be exactly literal. None of the builders of great fortunes it has » been said began closer to the zero mark than f did the canny Scot, whose business career in, I his adopted country began at the age of 10 at a t wage of 20 cents a day, but had expanded into the capitalistic rank before he was 30. On Mr. % Carnegie’s retirement in 1901, he consolidated his various steel interests into the Carnegie I Steel Company, which went into the United “ States Steel Corporation at a valuation of half a billion dollars. It has recently been stated that during his lifetime the benevolent Scot gave away $.350,- 000,000, or about 90 per cent of his fortune, his \ philanthropies going into foundations, institu- , tions, funds of various kinds and public library buildings to the number of 3,000 or more, to the cause of peace and education. The Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh, one of this country’s noteworthy technical schools, was an expres¬ sion of his beneficent ideas. The Pan-Ameri¬ can building in Washington was one of his gifts, and another was the Peace Temple at the Hague. Vanderbilt University has benefitted to the extent of nearly. $3,000,000 by his benevo- | lent views upon wealth, the gifts going mostly, to the school of medicine and the first $1,000,-1 0OO, it may be said, being received at a most® opportune time. Nashville’s beautiful public I library building was a gift from him, repre- ‘ senting an outlay of something like $100,000. : Very recently there has been completed under , the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington the publication of the corres- I pondence of Andrew Jackson in seven volumes, including the index, one of the most important f historical contributions which the country has ■ received in recent years. Commemorations of the centenary of Mr. Carnegie’s birth will be held in New York City, Washington and Pittsburgh. Dr. J. H. Kirk¬ land, Chancellor of Vanderbilt, as a trustee of ' the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement I of Teaching will attend the'observance in New • York. An incident of the commemoration in New York will be a choral-orchestra per- I formance tomorrow evening signalizing Mr. | Carnegie’s benefactions to music. Washington’s observance will be staged at the Pan-American Building with Cordell Hull, chairman of the • Pan-American Union, as the orator of the oc¬ casion. 6 CL, r / y /9r3 6 ■A World Benefactor • ;0i\ : November 25, 1835, there was born in fj *| a weaver’s cottage in Dunfermline* | ) Scotland, one who was destined to fill dn . ; large place in the history of the succeed- . . ing century. His name was Andrew Car-J negie; and the centenary of his. birth is to :; be celebrated with suitable exercises ' ' throughout the English-speaking world H.wherever his benefactions are enjoyed. The direction and details of these pro¬ grams will be; in. charge, or at least will be : suggested by the Carnegie C entenary. Committee of New York. Andrew Carnegie, it will'be remem-J bered, emigrated to the 'New World in 1848 where he became one’ of the greatest . ' of industrialists and benefactors. He de¬ moted his wealth to popular education, ^scientific research and the advancement oi ■< world peace, which reached the sum of : ■ 1350,000,000. He built. 2811 free public libraries in the , English-speaking world, of which 125 are in ’ J . Canada; and in addition, his contributions yt • ; made possible .121 organs in Canadian churches. • H For the diffusion of knowledge andyi understanding among the people of the United States and British dominions and ^colonies, he set aside endowments oil j$6,241,126 in Canada; $624,309 in Australia;! i$414,878 in New Zealand; and $1,388,998 in South Africa. j; The institutions of Nova Scotia have |'had their shake of Andrew Carnegie’s • jlargess, and they continue to receive from! the officials of the various Carnegie Cor¬ porations, Foundations and Endowments sympathetic and generous consideration "tra m time- to time. / An IuaC ' w ' 1 '. \ n V f ,, fp 1 i : . CARNfiGIE "CENSUS j The^ centenary of the birth of Andrew! Carnegie, ironmaster and philanthropist, is beir ? celebrated, and the. newspapers are recalling events in the career of this extra-' k 1 ordinary man, whose name was practically l a . household word everywhere. It is only! sixteen years since he died, so many of his friends are still in active service. Carnegie 1 was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835 and was brought to. the United States by [his father in 1848 when he was but thirteen [years old. The boy began to earn his own' living immediately in Pittsburgh, as a tele¬ graph clerk with.the Pennsylvania Railway. Before long he was „a sectional superintend¬ ent, and when the Civil War broke out he was engaged in railway work on an import¬ ant scale. After the war he opened an iron works in Pittsburgh, which before long was m a flourishing condition. Carnegie was a man of great energy and determination, and :in a few years was the head of an enormous ^combine. In 1901 he retired and his com¬ panies became the nucleus of the United States Steel Corporation. He returned to his pative land, purchased Skibo Castle and l919 me the Laird ‘ His death occurred in ‘ Carnegie’ 8 claim to fame rested upon Ms-, I 1 philanthropy, which began when he was in 1 f I s ear1 ^ dirties. It is declared that in his !- lifetime he gave away at least $350,000,000 which amounted to 90 per cent, of his for-1 tune. His object was to live on 10 per cent.?' of his income and devote the rest to bene- 1 volent purposes. Carnegie libraries were! jestablished in the United States, Canada and ? If the United Kingdom, and Carnegie Institutes!' Ij^ere founded at Pittsburgh and Washington.! fiThere were also hero funds, funds for needy! ■Students, and trusts for various philanthropic! ■schemes. International peace was an obses-fl ||sion with him, and he built the Peace Palace® gat The Hague and established the Carnegie# ^Endowment for International Peace. The* ■nations abandoned The Hague Peace Palace ; (and are completing a far costlier and motel) I elaborate one at Geneva, v ..while war goes on.S J Carnegie was sometimes scoffed at for hisB IIpeace endeavors, but that did not deter him.)' He continued to preach peace and demo-! I cracy and the obligations of great wealth ? ;. and his arguments in behalf of these causes!’ 1-e as applicable today as when he was® fluttering them. In a letter of instruction toll ; ! ^his trustees he said his chief happiness rested® ; |n the thought that even after his passing || the wealth he regarded as a trust would® A?continue “to benefit humanity for genera-! i ti0ns untold.” His wish seems to be in the- Mway of realization. Certainly, students and! : > other readers in many parts of the English! g speaking world have reason to be grateful! for his libraries.. ..... j % THE CA &NEGIE CENTENARY The name of Andrew Carnegie has long been > a familiar one throughout the English-speaking [ world. Among Carnegie’s numerous benefactions j the great Foundation for the Advancement of 1 ’ Teaching, is one of the most famous. In the-; public mind, fiowever, the name of Carnegie is' . probably more closely associated with the thou¬ sands of libraries which as a result of his gen- 1 erosity are now to be found in so many cities anc| towns far and near. The Carnegie Foundation has carried on its beneficent activities for many years. By its carefully thought opt policy it has . greatly improved the quality and effectiveness of | the cultural education of universities and colleges on this continent, and has established high f standards of attainment in professional schools, such as those of medicine and law. It is perhaps a questioh for debate as to the 'relative value of universities for the few and public libraries for the many, the promotion of scholastic and professional education for a com- paratively limited number in institutions of higher learning on the one hand, and the en- couragement of self-education by means of the popular libraries for a great multitude of people Jin all walks of life, on the other. Whatever, [ opinions and arguments may be advanced on j either side of, this question, it is likely that, gen- } erally speaking, the Carnegie libraries are more ; familiarly known to the public than the Carnegie l Foundation. The Carnegie Library project was and is a highly useful means of public entertain- i ment, and at the same time a significant edu¬ cational experiment. That these libraries have l added greatly “to the public stock of harmless j pleasures” will be admitted by everyone, and! | those who would deny that public gratitude is due for the same must be very few and very, | bitter, indeed. Education is very far from being an exact | science, although the principles underlying the j art are drawn from sciences of undoubted \ validity. The experimental character of much I that goes by the name of education is indicated | by the emphasis laid upon method in edu- j j cational theory. Even when educators are in \ j substantial agreement as to aims and purposes, [ ] there is still ample room for difference of opinion: as to the best method or methods of attaining J j the end in view. Practical experiment plays a ; considerable part in solving such problems. The T | Carnegie libraries thus constitute an edu- 1 cational experiment, an experiment conducted on , a large scale, in a variety of conditions, over ( : several decades. It has been made possible by | j the co-operation of two factors, the initiative of | ; Carnegie with his generous benefactions, and ( | the approval and support of local communities. ; Libraries are old institutions. In earlier years | they were intended for, and for obvious reasons ' almost exclusively used by, a comparatively small . .numerical section of the community. At present, when everyone has at least a tincture of educa- : , tion, the modern public library*can and does (' ' supply great numbers of people with books, vary- § ing, of course, in cultural quality and informative ", • content. Statistics are, no doubt, available to show how many of the books thus circulated among the public have permanent value and how many are of purely ephemeral character. There may be some difference of opinion as to what is achieved by the immense circulation of very “light” literature among the habitual readers thereof, but in the nature of things there can be no dependable statistics upon the subject. .. Nevertheless, there can be little doubt that per- || 4 manent benefits of an undetermined character are conferred upon those who diligently make use . of their opportunities. The modern library board and the modern J library staff are fully alive to the importance of the experiment in which they are engaged. It has / been said that the ambition of the modern library . staff is to occupy a position in the educational , world comparable with such agencies as the high i; school and the college. It is a worthy ambition, : and probably a realizable one. The Carnegie Centenary affords an opportunity } to express the opinion that Victorians pay willing: tribute to the memory of the open-handed Scot who gave them their public library. It affords a further welcome opportunity to express the opinion that great numbers of people in Victoria and vicinity appreciate to the full the efficient; and ever-courteous services performed by the' : Library Board and staff of the local Carnegie: Library. L L i )CC K '^Sc fctU Z CARNEGIE WEEK mOY&AY MARKS THE ONE-HUN- i I ’dredth aniversary of the birth of Andrew Car- wherever there aie libraries and educational institutions and interests founded or promoted by that great philanthropist the occasion is being commemo¬ rated by appropriate ceremonies inaugurating what is being'designated Andrew Carnegie Week. , Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and when ten, years old emigrated to Pennsylvania with his parents. The family were poor, and the lad had little opportunity for education. Starting work as bobbin boy he became, in turn, messenger boy, clerk, telegraph operator and railway worker, eventually finding himself in the iron business in a very small Way. From that humble, inauspicious beginning he was to evolve into the head of the vast Carnegie Steel in¬ dustry, which in turn became absorbed into the still Vaster United States Steel Corporation. Ever a keen practical philanthropist, convinced that the best means of helping society was in aiding society to help itself, he devoted large sums to institutions which in his judgment would most effectively serve this purpose. He established and aided technical schools and colleges, laboratories, libraries, not forgetting Worthy causes for the relief of distress, provided hero and superannuation funds, and all over the world the influence of his benefactions has spread like a tidal Wave., At the time of his death in 1919 he had pro¬ vided more than $200,000,000 for these purposes, of ; Which $65,000,000 were appropriated for libraries. Andrew Carnegie’s intense interest in libraries was inspired by his realization of the incalculable value .• of these establishments to community life, a. realization' which Came out of his own. experience. A library had j been one of the foundations upon which he had erected ; his amazingly successful career, and he felt that in making such facilities readily available to people on a wide scale he Would not only be laying a similar foundation for many others but would be providing in a general way cultural advantages for whole com¬ munities which otherwise would be either without them or would have them only in a limited sense. He saw ialso the possibility of the library as an agency for moral uplift, for the diversion of public interest to things worth while, for the stimulation of ambition and enterprise, for wholesome recreation, in sum, for the * development of a better citizenship. The public library has become so fixed an insti- j tution in community life that it is taken as a matter j of course, and the extraordinary part it plays in community life is often overlooked. Only if it were withdrawn would there be a fair realization of the place it fills, of the infinite diversity of its influence and the inestimable benefits derived from 'it. More than 50 per cent of Victoria’s population are borrowers’ from die Carnegie library here, which was established^ with the original gift of $55,000 out of the Carnegie Fund, and no doubt a similarly large percentage of the' public takes advantage of the libraries established out 1 of the same fund in i,000 other communities on this c6ntinent. i Libraries must be kept up to date. They must be competently conducted, and this calls for special train¬ ing and experience. It also demands adequate financial provision* which in Victoria is modest against the scope of the library’s usefulness and the demands upon it by the large proportion of borrowers. r Carnegie Week iwill serve the double purpose of emphasizing the val¬ uable public service rendered by these institutions and. fittingly commemorate the birthday of the great humani¬ tarian whose bounty made them possible. CARNEGIE!. . ' !j I dreds dffiST “* “* ™>“- HunJ i truth of this Serous printed articles attest to the! { Int w C e7y7L:ZZ7oft mt ***? **" *° ™ his wealth.! I ss— S3 ^ “=8 f /u-OyC-C, y/ C-„V u , /Lebn possible without a suitable building. THE CARNEGIE CENTENARY i . - i A hundred y«ars ago on Monday a babe was horn in Dumfermline, Scot- taua, wiiu wa%-destined to attain great 1 wealth and to exercise an immense • influence on the world, by the means by which he made his money, the | manufacture of. steel rails, and by the objects on which he spent much oif it, the building of public libraries and pipe organs. Celebration of his birthday were held in many places. .One to which some listened' here 1 over >the radio was held in Dumfermline, j Scotland, his native town. A message iwas sent out by radio from the little j attic room in which he first saw the light, son of a poor weaver, who by ' the stress of the times was forced a few years later to seek a new home in America; then from the library that he first founded where a meeting was held presided over by Lord Elgin who introduced the speakers, Sir I George Adam Smith, the great uni- * ■ versify head, and Mr. John H. Find¬ lay,, associate editor of the New York Times. It was a fitting tribute to the memory of a great man. Mount Forest, as we have noted be¬ fore has two mementoes of Andrew Carnegie’s generosity, its public li¬ brary, and the organ of Westminster Church. The library wa s erected in 1912 on a site donated by Mrs. Lux- ton; the organ was installed in 1910, being opened by that then promising young musician, now Sir Ernest Mac¬ Millan, after # proceedings that were mai’ked in both cases, by a good deal of tact, care and perseverance. It is doubtful if to-day we should have had either of these worth while institu¬ tions, if it had not been for the assis¬ tance given by Andrew Carnegie, and it is at least decorous that it should be acknowledged once in a while. X t jf- / yj <)' | CARNEGIE CENTENARY ["! puripg the. week of November 25 'libraries all over the world are ce- I lebrating the one-hundredth anni- I versary of the birilt 1 of Andrew j Carnegie, noted hilanthropist and | steel magnate who gave-nearly $65- j 000,000 to... build, endow or equip t almost 3,000 libraries—1,900 of them f in the United States and Canada i and the rest scattered throughout ; the ‘English-speaking world. It is i estimated that 35,000,000 people re- j ceive library service from CarnejjjH buildings. ~}trv . %y Mr. Carnegie, writes Mr. I i'endrick, “distributed about .$20, I >00,000 in gifts to American col 1 eges, mostly in sfoall sums.” ■| Mr. Carnegie-preferred to make J-iis bestowals on .boys and girls 8§ vhose status in life resembled his $ >wn childhood. Besides giving to churches a? fi ill faiths, to education, to the* ^:ause of peace, to scientific re- carch, and to a multitude of other 1 rorth y objects, Mr. Carnegie en- H a ged in many private charities. ; I The story of what Andrew i uarnegie did with his money nakes a very fine chapter in the •ecord of humanity; the story of iow he acquired his enormous ortune, his battles with labor and | vith his competitors could not ha f enacted today. f trustees for the people I i of the birth of An- f \|i^?aniegi 0 which fell last month recalls the mgmory. of 0 'ne of the re-1 markable men- of the last century, one of that class which has been the tar- * Set of the radical and has been re-1 garded as one of the symptoms of the! diseased condition of our social order the multimillionaire class. I It is probable that Andrew Carnegie] fcouid not hdp acquiring the fortune! ’ll that 5l0 ' accumulated. There are very ! jfew in the world who have the gift I - J of maklng mone y. but those who pos- 1 1 J j sees this gift gre np^iofe able to stop j! ; I makmg money, than is the born musi- ■ J cian abie to stop composing music, or | B the born artist able to stop painting I® ^Pmtures. if they do stop .the world ' • ls Poorer for their abstention It is recognized that the works of SI a Shakespeare, a -Da Vinci or a Moz- , 1 art are the property of the world, and V- that the artistic genius which produc- M ed them has- made a valuable contri- - bution to. civilization. The genius of >-* a Carnegie or a Rockefeller is tool often regarded as something destrue- 1 - tive and to be curbed. Although it I | ma y be loosely said that any. | had the opportunities of CarneeiJ 'ifus U f d mad ® Uis fortune > tkere is V flust as much truth in this assertion r “as that -of the fellow who said that 1 f^or 1 •?' haVe Writt6n Camlet, : 1 j if only he had thought of it. • "To the man who has the gift C f making money it is difficult to J . 6tam from doing so. This is no- morl ° a precIat01 ' y instinct than if W m demand for self-expression of a it is tlw attitude ot the man at -earth to this m that matter” anji t happens that Andrew Carnegie lei? VS ““if hiS b °° k “ The GoepeI 01 V- 1 v aun, his conception of what tiisf-- Uttiiude Should be. m this hooff -states Ins Meal ot the duty ot the rich Krt f“. “ ;° , set a ” “ample ot unoetenta- g ous living, to provide moderately tor - 1 1™ .rf, 0t “* and to ’M Ito be a •« fust funds I ®to be administered tor the benefit o< [ , . ®bis community. Tlio re m ^ to ilsi()i , v j| I [of .the growth ot_ the Carnegie tor- hi .tunes Which have been eeiseS-upon to P ■prove that he was a ruthless and un- 1 -scrupulous business man. But the. pact remains that he had the highest J business principles and was oue or I-tile great iiidustrialtats who always | oft f ** aSaiiwt -''t-ncuiation andj Parted company, with any associate' who dabbled m. speculation. L Carnegie had no illusions as to the ( part that money could play in the bet- 1 terment of the conditions under | which the human, race lived. Enlight- J enment and education he placed far! above wealth and he regarded M ' ! mereJy a t001 which could i be used to bring these treasures ih^ff ' self !?i ° f ° therS< liG ^rdm e him- if » * ong as - lie lived, as the tf us- 1 ee of his wealth for m beneiit of fa 116 so far . as it was humanly possible, to leave! * his money in the hands of those who ; would carry on his ideal of drustce- He lived through an age when the < possession of great wealth marked the ; possessor as a target for abuse, but to- j day, a hundred years after his birth ; he worId ***** has-been able to form a more correct estimate of the I Carnegie Character. ■ I c GIFTS A LESSON IN TAXATION. The centenary of the b^rth of Andrew Carnegie has served as .the text for a discussion on the ultimate distribution of accumulations of great wealth. In recent years most civilized countries have increased taxation on estates with the avowed purpose of augmenting gov¬ ernmental revenues , and, to that extent, of benefiting the whole community. That policy was carried to an. extreme in the United States when Congress last/session at the instance of President • Roosevelt passed hurriedly and practically without . discussion the Federal Estates Tax Bill. It was then stated that one object was to' set limits on wealth.' The plainest statement we have seen against such a policy is that by Mr. Douglas Southall Freeman, editor of the Richmond News-Letter, and winner of the 1935 Pulitzer Prize for Bio¬ graphy. Speaking in Pittsburg, seen© of many of Carnegie’s activities, benevolent as well as industrial, he attacked the new law from the standpoint of the. national welfare. Taking the known gifts of Carnegie and the Rockefellers, from the beginning of their large scale bene¬ ficences, he added all*gifts of $2,000,000 (except those specifically to church activities) between 1903 and 1928. H© found that 54 persons had made gifts in excess of $2,000,000, and that their known benefactions had amounted to $1,525,000,000. Thfet Is to say, less than three¬ score persons combined to give to the American people considerably more money than was expended for the government of the United States in any year of peace prior to the Great War. Mr. Freeman pointed to the contributions made to society by the privately endowed un¬ iversities alone. In-music, what the Govern¬ ment has been unwilling to do, private philan¬ thropy has achieved. While governmental pro¬ tection has been extended to distressed child¬ hood, to the prevention of disease and protection for old age, Government has simply done, from necessity what individual Americans have done for love of their fellow men. “In summary,” he mid. “22% of the gifts above $2,000,000 were | for education: 18% were for cultural needs— libraries," music, books, Works of art, museums and the restoration of historic, places; another' 18% went for the relief of human distress through hospitals, orphanages, homes fd^-theW aged and a multitude of other'things; lS^Wasflf so widely scattered as to defy classification; 2%fh went for the promotion of scientific research.® ujl scieuuiic researciij apart from universities, medical institutions and !■ engineering schools; 2% went for the promotion fii of world peace, and 20% for general beneficence, I to be spent through great foundations,” I v There is irony, in Uie fact the centenary year f of Andrew Carnegie should have brought the f practical confiscation of private wealth. That f ; manufacturer gjive away some $350,000,000 for j the purposes noted .above and. left a compara- f j tively small sum to ljjs. relatives. ' t ^C 'v/ / ( -A OL - c ■ /Sae- '*,• '/,cO A.*s<. •>, -/'rf-r zffc.A X A propos de bibliotheques K OUR PUBLIC LIBRARY — " pS FUTURE' Aux' Etats-Unis on se prepare a commemorer lei ;f centieme anniversaire de la naissance d Andrew Carnegie. * • le “roi” de 1’acier, ne en Ecosse le 25 novembre 183l>, decede en 1919 aux Etats-Unis ou il avait edifie une | colossale fortune. , .J y La vie de Carnegie se divise en deux penodes : ji celle pendant laquelle il a amasse, et celle ou il s’est | applique a distribuer ses richesses. Ses dotations et dona-| tions pour le progres et le bonheur de l’humanite ont eteEJ evaluees a plus de 350 millions de dollars. ^ | 7 , Une de ses oeuvres de predilection, on le sait, a ete p | la creation de bibliotheques, qu’il tenait pour aussi' ■ necessaires au bien public que 1 instruction primaire. 11 f a verse plus de 60 millions de dollars en subventions pour Fetablissement de pres de trois mille bibliotheques dans;, toutes les parties du monde. Le Canada en possede pour, sa part 125. Il y a une trentaine d’annees, Andrew‘Carnegie j M| offrait a Montreal une somme de $200,000 comme con¬ tribution a Ferection d’une bibliotheque publique, a la condition que la municipality se chargerait de Fentretien et s’engagerait a consacrer chaque annee une certaine somme a Fachat de livres. Apres de longues hesitations, Foffre fut repoussee. On pourrait aujourd’hui trouver que ce fut, de la part de nos administrateurs, une decision; malheureuse, puisque nous sommes aujourd’hui, a cet egard, dans la merne condition d’indigence qu’au com¬ mencement du siecle. Il fist vrai que, quelques annces plus tard, les Messieurs de Saint-Sulpice nous ont dedom- mages de la perte d’une bibliotheque Carnegie en en A| etablissant une a leurs frais qui a manifesto une rapide f X croissance; rhais lorsque, il y a quelques annees, la municipality a ete invitee a contribuer a son soutien, hA j elle Fa laisse fermer. La municipality, en 1914, a d’autre 1 part construit une bibliotheque magnifique, mais elle a h . depense dans la construction avec extravagance, ne se j§|j reservant pas de ressources pour la garnir de livres. Toronto est incomparablement mieux partage. Les ||7: bibliotheques municipals de cette ville representent une * raise de capitaux de $1,618,000 et contiennent environ | Aj 600,000 volumes. Au maintien de ses bibliotheques f- publiques Toronto consacre annuellement environ un demi-rniilion de dollars, preleve sur le produit des impots. THE Footh anniversary of the birth- I ^AJay of that great Scot, Andrew Carnegie, has recently been observed. Some few cynical non-Scots, observes an exchange, may smile at the thought of a Scotchman giving away anything, but Carndgie gave away $350,000,000, or 90 percent, of his wealth. Like all true Scots, he was a great lover of education and re¬ garded ignorance as t he ' .cause of j " most human fnisery and injustice.' Hence he sought;through endowing libraries to . uplift- ^ass intelligence and’charactef. Today it is estimated that more than 35,000,000 are served from Carnegie institutions. Like other places on this continent Prince Edward Island has benefitted from the- generosity of this famous philanthropist through the means of the library demonstration service established by the corporation bear¬ ing his name. The trial • period of three years for this service expires next June, and it is to be hoped that the conditions for its continuance wilPbe.m^f by the Provincial Government. Meanwhile the situation in regard to_/the future of the Summerside branch is uncer¬ tain. The opportunity of greatly ex¬ tending the size and scope of the library is given to our people, but this boon- cannot be ours if we do not' possess a properly equipped lib-, rary accomodation with all necessary facilities Ao provide the service it Should for, the community. It is to be hoped that the citizens will stand behind whatever move ; ma y be found practical and com¬ mendable. -in the solving of this < A cote . piteuse figure. de Toronto, Montreal fait en verite bien > p" it-1 /

«> and of his dominance of thei J; | steel mdnslay need not be told again. It is im worw”,?i 0 " 3 ? 0,6 !itUe ironm aster that the- (rib, m „ ,n ‘ crested - These benefactions—‘‘dis-1 ItnbuUons Carnegie preferred to call them — were undertaken not in the way of charity, but as a point of duty. Carnegie regarded himself 1 no as the owner of the wealth he accumulated Ms di^r 1“? Wr , pmi ° —« Carnegie did nohike to be referred to as a philanthropist. He made charitable donations, many of them; but these, he insisted, were quite apart from his distributions. He wasn’t much interested in the submerged tenth, he said, but I £ tenseIy interested in-the swimming nine-tenths, ! ! He recognized that there was a necessity for remedial institutions, but held these should be looked after by the government. His job as he andTvV" W3 0 Ot tQ m ° P UP after ^ance and poverty and crime had done their work, but uplift mass intelligence and character to the point where there would be no ignorance or poverty or crime. 4- A? 3 «NH fond of reading, and in his youth short of good reading matter, Carnegie had a lively interest in libraries. It was his op,mom that public libraries were as essential to the deve opment of good citizenship as elemen- | . taiy education was. So he established libraries spent 560,000,000 on'them. but did not ”dow them or provide for their maintenance. He didn’t f wish to bear the whole burden. He preferred to do 1 stimula! 7! n ^ h ° Pe that othera would be i stimulated to do much. Canada has .125 Carnegie . libraries and has received generous assistance in a variety of ways from the Carnegie Corporation. of fbe* dld " 0t mono P° ,iZ3 ‘he attention of the little ironmaster. There was assistance to universities in various parts of the world there was assistance to scientific research. There were there es ‘ ablishmente ’ there were pensions, there were church orgahs—Canada has 121 of pSiSM Camesfe End ~ AT- ^ jt t'iA -A. *• , //<3^ t / Honoring Andrew Carnegie 3er§»Wes are taking place this week- m i endfih t&Jnited States and in Scotland I in fenory of the humble Scottish lad who ! became the greatest sfdel magnate of a hectic era, and also the greatest philan- | thropist of his or any other generation. The evil that men do lives after them, the good is oft interred with their bones, says Shakespeare, and at this time there will probably be many who will recall the i ruthless treatment that Andrew Carnegie meted out to his employees m his haste to build up a great fortune and a great m- dustrial^ empire, his ^hness leadmg to strikes .and loss of life^ ^ ^ , edly he was a relentless boss of the I tyrant type, even to his closest associates - his busines self being an absolute contrast It A social self. His one thought m business was production and more p “/vingt he did in the days when| the United States was at the height of its R . mowing pains, being covered with vast networksof railways-, and towns .and cities were springing up rapidly, r ^ mr1 ^ ! millions of tons of steel annually. To ' • | compete with rival firms it was nece^ ft to get labor as cheap as possible, and An I drew Carnegie, despite the vast profits he | 'made, had no scruples about sw eatmg y ; his thousands of workers. He was, how- ; I i ever a moral coward, and the last reduct- . i ion he ever put into.effect he ordered done , j after he took ship for a long holiday m f I Scotland, which enabled him to put the blame on his manager at Pittsburgh. He I was, too, an implacable enemy, and during his latter years, conducted a bitter feud I I against Frick, who had been one of his ffi most valuable helpers in the days of rising to prosperity. But Carnegie should be remembered for li ! his tremendous benefactions. Having 1 1 formed combine after combine, ultimately | | leading to the establishment of the United j j j States Steel Corporation, he quit business : taking with him a final payment of $500,- ] 000,000 as his share of the deal. But J 1 when he died at Lenox, Mass., on August | | !'28, 1919, his estate was only proved .at | ; | $25,000,00. The' rest he had given away # during the 18 years of his retirement, i Probably very little of Andrew Carne- ! gie’s money was made out of guns, shells j or warships. Rather was it made out of 1 industrial uses. International peace was I almost a phobia with him. He built and .’owed the Palace of Peace at the Hague ] ■ and gave many millions more to peace Organizations. Deprived of much educa¬ tion himself when a poor boy in his native Dunfermline, he gave, millions for lib¬ raries in the United States, Canada and Great Britain; millions to hero funds in may lands; millions for university-educa¬ tions to poor Scottish lads of promise, '{millions more in private charities and for .organs in churches. He was inordinately j £1111 fond of music,' particularly organ music, |.< Hand kept his own organist at his Highland j | '|p acme, Skibo Castle—also a piper. In spite of his ruthless and dynamic . business administration he was a kindly man in private life, and bore a deep love Cor his American wife, who was a young woman when he married late in life. Of |tier he once said: “My life has been made so happy by her that I cannot imagine myself living without her guardianship. Some talk of their home in heaven. The best wife a man ever had has made a heaven at home for me.” Let the good that Andrew Carnegie did le remembered and the evil forgotten, j. V. / y /C-C -y V l- tt ^ v 1-VH f Andrew Carnegie 'THE unveiling of ttjc portrait of. T Cirn'isie in the Saint Joh„ Pu “' C (.■X.hS#L Sift, recalls the remarkable cam* LtLalPof lowly origin who became mne of the earlTleaders of American 1 " dust ' y and scale, a man who amassed . ter received tens of mil mas and grants for steel workers’ pension*, the W S Peace Palace, and trusts g&jZ American industrialist of his A „ hanies of the Scottish lad » ho cr “ S ' d ' of f weIve a „d to Pittsburgh in 1848 at the age * ^ \found his. opportunity there was oltsTaract 1 ^ho knew phenomenal. O Hoaard Bridge, in his him intimate!?, “Carnegie’s sunny reminiscences, has written- 8 loVed personality, radiated w-armth^nd^ ^ ^ „ 1 to find Ms * t consistently happy H. enjoyed the .mrpetua. ■■H mlr This 0 U 1 thfman the one hundredth annher- particular reason to honor Ins m emor. ■ 'M 6^ 3 f yy C . A Ab, c lUn.<4 Andreiv Carnegie Windsor and countless other communities have benefitted from the fact that a Scotsman named Andrew Carnegie thought it an excel¬ lent idea to make it possible for everyone to read good books. Yesterday was the 100th anniversary of Car- ; negie’s birth in Dunfermline, Fifeshire. All this week, in various countries, ceremonies honoring his memory will be staged. In the Windsor Public Library, a building made pos¬ sible by the industrialist’s, generosity, a new portrait will be unveiled. The world does well to pay tribute to Andrew Carnegie, the man who said: “I want to see the time when every little town of a few thousand people has its library where all may read and benefit therefrom \|ithout cost to. themselves.” /t to Andre w CsSnegie* whose great works are being recalled S” the English-speaking world-and even | Wo fhr S2 50 a week, he had no money for books ssStyfeeesrafiS priyate^iiDrd , y offer< Every Saturday af- Mm nS $ 65 , 000,000 to build, endow, or eqmi ... § 811 libraries. Some 1,900 of these are m the jf -United States and Canada. The rest are scat¬ tered throughout English'-speakrng coumA^iii » Only a few communities ih North America possessed public libxaries when Andrew Carne¬ gie began th#,t great .work with which his name will always be associated by establishing a lib¬ rary in his native Dunfermline in 1881. But a movement in this direction had begun to gain momentum and Carnegie’s offer to provide buildings furnished the necessary stimulus. “I chose free libraries as the best agencies for improving the' masses of the people,” he said, “because they give nothing for nothing. They help those who help themselves. They never pauperize. They reach, the aspiring, and open to these the chief treasures of the world— those stored up in books.” By 1901 his library programme was surging forward on a wholesale scale, sometimes at the rate of Two or three a day—each city conform¬ ing to the specified conditions of supplying a site, stbeking the building with books, and pro¬ viding the upkeep. In 1919 the Carnegie Cor¬ poration, the millionaire’s successor in library- giving and other public work, stopped making gifts of this kind as it was felt that the free public library had attained a permanent stand¬ ing in the community. All parts of the Anglo-Saxon world now have Carnegie libraries. His gifts range from a $1,000 appropriation for some small American village or for some little island off the coast of Scotland; to pretentious city structures. Brock- ville is .Included in the list, notwithstanding se¬ vere opposition raised when it was suggested that the community should take advantaj the Carnegie Fund to equip itself in this re: /Lx c a t. s( _ :)Lc PC t L 3k -6 ( 3 c£, Y~ CARNEGIE DAY I J ^V. r< * f^ e en< ^ of November tbe| een|ena'ry of the birth of Andrew Carnegie is to be commemorated. Most cities, but not Brandon, have every* reason to join in the observance of the day. He furnished sixty millions to erect free public libraries, which have saved young folks from the streets, from crime as well -as from idle leisure , and ignorance. Carnegie’s benefactions were always given to public objects or welfare work of the utmost importance. Although Andrew Carnegie is known to the world as* an industrialist' and benefactor, he found time to do much writing. He possess¬ ed a faculty for pithy statements. One of these was as follows: ' ‘I choose free libraries as the best agencies for improving the masses of the people, because they give nothing for nothing. They only help those who help themselves. They" never pauper¬ ize. They reach the aspiring, and open to these the chief treasures of the world those stored up in books. A taste for reading drives out lower tastes. ... I prefer the free public, library to most if not any other agencies for the happiness and im¬ provement of a community.” ; This man who built 2811 libraries' made a list of the best fields for phil¬ anthropy. Andrew Carnegie defined them thus: 1. A university. 2. A free public library, provided the community will accept and maintain it. • 3. Hospitals, medical colleges, labor atones, and other institutions con-*;, nected with the alleviation of human | suffering, especially with the preven tion rather than the cure of human ills. 4. Public parks, provided the com¬ munity undertakes to maintain, beau¬ tify and preserve them inviolate. 5. A hall suitable for meeting^ and concerts, provided a city will main¬ tain and use it. 6. Swimming-baths, provided a mu- nicipality Undertakes their manage¬ ment. 7. Churches, provided the support of the churches is upon their own peopl c §6./y^c> •: j / " THE CARNEGIE AmSyIkSAkI^H in many parts of 'the English spe^gjng world are celebrating this week the Vone-Eundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew 'Carnegie, noted philanthropist and steel magnate who gave nearly $65,000,000 to build, endow or equip almost 3,000 libraries -— 1,900 of them in the United States and Canada. 1 The Kitchener and Waterloo public li¬ braries, two of the many institutions to have benefited by the Carnegie grants, join in paying respect and honor to the‘great bene¬ factor who has done so much for the. reading public. The Kitchener library was fortunate in obtaining three separate grants. The first was received when the library was estab¬ lished and the remaining two wheij, the build¬ ing was enlarged.- Andrew Carnegie was born in Scotland, Nov. -25, 1835, and emigrated to the United States in 1848. He became a telegraph oper-1 ator and later a railway superintendent. His | venture into the steel industry was the means of amassing a great fortune. He retired from i business in 1901 and devoted himself entire- 1 ly to philanthropic and social welfare pur- 1 poses. His death occurred Aug. 11, 1919. L Carnegie set an example that might well | be emulated by those on whom fortune has ?; smiled to the extent of many millions. . A. U Lc-C- U fa c nt, •/ o~ / 9 <$ ■ifBliMHBmftitiiii.. Andrew Carnegie ' ^-4i'ew^Carnegie,. whose fortune has been, is being and will con¬ tinue t-o be usetfTor "the bene,fit of the public in his native country, of Scotland; in the United .States, the land in which he acquired his im¬ mense wealth; in Canada and other British dominions and, indeed, throughout the world, was born in a weaver’s cottage in Dunfermline in Scotland, on November 25, 1835. The centenary will be celebrated ’ in appropriate fashion on the 25th, 28th and 27th. At the time of his death Mr. Carnegie had spent no less than sixty 'million dollars on library buildings, the total number of which then amounted to 2,811 of which 12o are to be found in Canada. The philanthropist’s object was to im¬ press upon municipal authorities the importance of education to a com¬ munity; he provided the money for erecting the library, if requested to do so, but stipulated that the municipality should find, the site, buy the books and set apart an adequate sum annually for maintenance. Though the Carnegie libraries are the best known and most popular memorial to hi s memory, one being established in Berth nearly 28 years ago, they are only a part of his lavish munificence for the. promoting, of human welfare. Not the least of his services' to society was the ex¬ ample he set to other men of wealth, by preaching the doctrine, which he so faithfully practised himself, that money .should e regarded as ' a sacred trust to be used for the general good. 'To education/ especially science, he looked as the .instrument Of man’s emancipation. He came to the rescue of the Scottish universities with millions of dollars, poured money into the colleges of the United) States, provided annuities for teachers, raised the standards for medical training, brought practical aid to research, founded the Carnegie Institute in Washington, the Mount ■ Wilson Observatory, the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburg and the. Insti- j tute of Technology; helped out individuaal workers in the field' of science with gifts which enabled them to conduct their epoch-making expert- j ments,.such as Dr. Robert Koch and Madame Curie; took a personal in- ! terest in the career of Booker Washington, granting him a pension and 1 contributing hundreds of thousands of dollars to the Tuskegee Insti¬ tute; m addition to which he endowed many pension ’schemes and the Carnegie Hero Fund. Then too, there are the Carnegie organs-121 in Canadian churches alone—half the cost of which came from his estate. This does not by any means exhaust the list of his benefactions. Tne cause of world peace owes to him, a perpetual debt of gratitude for | the endowment of International Peace which bears his name and which I is engaged in continual effort to banish war from the world. It i s em- t inently fitting that the hundredth anniversary of the birth of the great | industrialist should be suitably commemorated ! s - ■ is % C; fa, uhfe / V/o’V Ca rnegie s Centenary | .. (From the New York Times) § I ,^ e celebration of the centenary pf the birth of Andrew Carnegie! i ust been announced will tell the new century in wha gratitude, esteem and .Section' |these first hundred years heldi mm. In his letter, of instructions to his trustees he* spoke of “nn chief happiness” in the though that even after he passed awa^ the wealth that came to him t'c administer as a sacred trust for the good of his fellowmen would continue “to benefit humanity foi« generations untold.” But it will be not. alone' hisP benefactions that will be remem H bered by. these generations. Hi gospel of wealth, his belief in a triumphant democracy and his ad¬ venture for. world peace, which found expression in his varied and vast gifts to his own day and gen¬ eration, will be cherished as his PI Af'L c ° ntributions to civilization. At this moment special attention may be called to one of these- his practiced L^ c L, he Poached and pracuced, his ‘theory.” which hn of a wfijff' oS "wwn»H be%nh , ,L ea ? 1 th ~- res P°Psi bihties to De voluntarily met and not Jeff in ; Istal^h 16 ^ 1 compulsions. It i°! a^L HP’ a ^ Ber that he perf a ? kind ” $350f000T00? V orfnf cent ei fi age °/'-' hls for tune. 90’per i 1" np?^P^ f PU H 1C use and kept 10. This J a °f h) L self and bis heirs. I fins was no un considered im-i .. provisation.” When he™oX 1 33 -Years old he pledged himself I nhjf” V f aW n y each y ea r bis “sur-f plus for benevolence. This ‘he 1 made his “duty” and it became not only his personal contribution I to the social problem but a P er-h. suasive example for others! Li¬ braries and • laboratories, centres® and galleries of krt, weSr . but thq visible evidences of a r clearly conceived and nobly °x e ! f Icuted purpose. * ,** j Andrew Carnegie, whotfe fortune -has been,.is being and \vill| continue to be used tor the benefit of the public in hia|natrve| country, Scotland; in the United States, the land. in which hj acquired his- immense wealth; in Canada and other Lntish, do¬ minions and, indeed, throughout the world, was born in a weav-| '> r ’s cottage in Dunfermline, Scotland, on November 2o, 1835. The centenary will be celebrated in appropriate fashion on the yg 25th, 26th and 27th of next month. At the time of his death Wgfi Mr. Carnegie had spent no less than, sixty million dollars on| 1 library “buildings; the total number of which then amounted to || > are to be found in Canada. .The^hilanthrop-M 1 ist’s object was to impress upon, municipal authorities the im m portance of education td a community; he provided the^money^ for erecting the library, t requested to do so, out stipulated tha A the municipality should find the site, buy the books... and s et-M apart an adequate sum annually for maintenance. • ; Though the Carnegie libaries are the best known and most- g popular memorial to'his memory, they are only a part yi ! his la- vish munificence for the promoting of human welfare Not the IJi ’least of his ser vices to; society was’the example he «et tq other i| v . men of wealth, by preaching!thi doctrine, which he so taiJru -y| I practised himself, that money #ould be regarded as a sacred | [trust to be used for the general good. To education, ebpeciayj, [science, U looked as the instrument of man’s emancipation. 1 *1 tcame to the rescue .the Sottish universities with millions off ; dollars poured money into the colleges of the United States, P o- Ivided annuities for teacher* raised the standards oi ■ training, brought practical aid to Research, founded the Carucgiel ^ Institute of Washington, the Mount Wilson Observatory, ih m Carnegie Institute':of Pittsburg and the Institute to technology, W helped out individual workers in.the field of science with gi«»|jg which enabled them to conduct their epoch-making experiment, |y such as Dr Robert Koch and Madame Curie; took a personal in-4 terest in the career of Booker Washington, granting him a pen¬ sion and contributing! hundreds of thousands of dollars to the Tuskegee institute; in addition to which he endowed many pen-, sion schemes and the Carnegie Hero fund. Then, too, there are L the Carnegie organs—121 in Canadian churches alone—halt the. icost of which came from his estate. I This dues not by any means exhaust the list of his benetac-1 lions. The cause of world peace owes to him. a perpetual debt ott .gratitude for the endowment of international Peace which,; bears his name and which is engaged in continual effort to barnsh [war from'the-world. It is eminently fitting that the hundredth, ! anniversary Of th(; huff S Lulgreat industrialist should be, suitably commemorA 1 ed. : V :L enlwn Spectator^ J w 6 /c 4 :C L c f/,c a . / q/t /X?o- ANDREW CARNEGIE CENTENARY. | J‘li0 «e|tenary of the (birtla of An- Pr^KjCajpegie, ironmaster and phil- --^-Opist, is being, celebrated,* and | the" newspapers are recalling events in the career of this extraordinary man, whose name was practically a J household word everywhere. It is only ;:i sixteen years since he died, so many ■ of his friends are still i n active ser- |p vice - "Carnegie was born in Dunfcrm- jVXdine, (Scotland, in 1S3.6, and was ■ •' brought to the United States by his , father in 1848 when he was but thir- sj§||. teen years old. The boy began to earn .^|;| ll i® own living immediately in Pitts¬ burgh as a telegraph clerk with the - Pennsylvania Railway, Before long, H was . a , sectional superintendent, and" when the 'Civil War broke out he was en o a S e 'd in railway work on an im ■' Portant scale. After the war he open; ^fed an iron works in Pittsburgh, which before long was in a flourishing con H|j dition. Carnegie was a man of great Henergy and determination, and in a t.'few years was the head of an enorm¬ ous combine. In 1901 he retired and .■his companies became the nucleus of, • the United States Steel Corporation. \ He returned to his native land, pur- |p chased Skilho Castle and became the ,Laird. His death occurred in 1919 Carnegie’s claim to "fame rested upqn his philanthropy, which began when he was in his early thirties. It is declared that in his lifetime he gave || away , a t least $350,000,000 which . amounted to 90 per cent, of his for¬ tune. His object was to live on 10 per cent, of his income and devote-the rest to benevolent purposes. Carnegie libraries were .established in .the - ■ ^ 111 .1X10 United iState®, Canada and'the United Kingdom, and Carnegie Institutes were founded at Pittsburgh and Wash¬ ington. There were also hero funds, funds, for needy students-, and trusts for various philanthropic schemes. International peace was an obsession with him, and he built the Peace Palace at The Hague and established the Carnegie Endowment for Inter¬ national Peace. The nations aband¬ oned The Hague- Peace Palace and -are completing a far costlier and more elaborate one at -Geneva, while war goes -on. , Carnegie, was sometimes scoffed at for his peace endeavors, but that did not deter him. He Con¬ tinued to preach peace and democracy and the obligations of great wealth, and his arguments in behalf of these causes are as applicable today as When he was uttering tliqin. In a let¬ ter of instruction to his trustees he said his chief happiness rested in the thought that even after his passing the- wealth he regarded as a trust would continue “to benefit- humanity for generations- Unfold.” His wish seems to be in the way of realization ill M nr,^, //, /Ms ' . r , ' 'X \ -j te Came I HROUGHOUT the world, but particularly in j. tIie Suited States where he lived the greater part of his Jife, and in Scotland where he Was I forn,'preparations are being made to celebrate? j the I’QOth .anniversary of Andrew Carnegie’s >irth. • Superlatives are dangerous, but it is safe 0 say that to many people Carnegie is the greats F st Philanthropist of the age. He was certainly outstanding in his unremitting pursuit of an ideal ° which he clung: on those to whom great wealth is granted a definite responsibility is laid ;o to utilize it as to promote the welfare, hap¬ piness and advancement of their fellow men. In this Carnegie never faltered , and. the many foundations that bear his name, not to speak of uncounted others equally beholden to him but not so identified, bear witness to a life devoted to the steadfast development of what the man (believed to be most worthwhile. Research, lgdical training, higher standards of teaching all irofited by this rich , man’s benefactions. One commentator remarks: “To education, especially science, he looked as the instrument of man’s emancipation. He came to the rescue of the Scottish universities with millions of dollars, {poured money into the colleges of the United States, provided annuities for teachers, raised the standards of medical training, brought practical lid to research, founded the Carnegie Institute >f Washington, the Mount Wilson Observatory, » the Carnegie Institute' of Pittsburgh and the 1 Institute of Technology; helped out individual workers in the field of science with gifts which mabled them to conduct their epoch-making experiment, such as Dr. Robert Koch and I Madame Curie; took a personal interest in the I career of Booker Washington, granting him a J pension and contributing hundreds of thousands J -of dollars to the Tuskegee institute; in addition to which he endowed many pension- schemes and |jthe Carnegie Hero fund. Then,'too, there are III the Carnegie organs—121 in Canadian churches I • HE al ° ne the cost of which came from his lllll estate. Ibis does not by any means exhaust the M|list of his benefactions." The cause of world " peace owes to him a perpetual debt of gratitude ! for the Endowment of International Peace which bears his name and which is engaged in continual effort to banish war from the world.” It is perhaps in the Carnegie libraries that the philanthropist’s name is kept most constantly before the general public. It is fitting therefore m [that these libraries should lead in doing honor I [to their benefactor on the 100th anniversary of \ his birth. Since a portrait of Andrew Carnegie jj ‘s to be presented to every one of these libraries, jit is natural that its unveiling should be the pivotal point of the centennial celebrations of the [birth of a baby boy in a weaver’s cottage in [Dunfermline on November 25, 1835. At the! •time of his death Carnegie had spent $60,000,000 on 2,811 libraries, of which 125 are in, Canada, and one is in Saint John. Carnegie’s method f was to give money for the erection of a suitable [building when requested by municipalities that * would, provide the site, stock the library with' books* and set Apart an annual appropriation for; efficient J hiaintenance. A public library is an activity that very intimately concerns all- classes of the public, and it may be said in particular those classes which show themselves most desir¬ ous of self-improvement. The Saint John Public f Library is a public project assisted by Carnegie’s munificence and it will therefore be but appro- for the public to show its interest in the celebration. After that, it may well and sustain its Interest in the library. ■*> rK e 1 ^ K/V- oLj / c /J* KigUfi&ttiiM&i. MnemMs* ■&2£^4ES&*t' : ’- "**A''.- Y ANDREW' CARNEGIE ■iENTENARY This year, the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, recalls to memory once more the name which, a few years ago, was a I household name. The story of the Scottish boy, who came to the United States as a poor immi¬ grant in 1848, and amassed before his death the j huge fortune of more, than*, $400,000,000, was one -of the tales of wonder of the generation just past. A very short time after he came to; this con- i tinent, Carnegie went to work as a telegraph j clerk with the Pennsylvania Railroad, By the j time of the outbreak of the Civil "War, he had i become a railway figure of considerable import* j ance, and: during the war several very important matters of transportation were entrusted to j Mm. After the war, he opened an iron works in Pittsburgh, which in a relatively short time be- | came a huge combine. Upon Carnegie’s retirement I In 1901, the iron works became the United States ; | Steel Corporation. From that time until his death In 1919, Carnegie lived in Skibo Castle, in Scot- land. It is for his 'charitable donations that Andrew Carnegie is remembered today. He began in his early thirties to live under the plan which led him, ;; during his lifetime, to give away at least $350,- ’C 000,000. The plan was that he would live on 10 [ per cent of his income, and devote the rest to | charitable purposes. Always interested in educa- I tion, he gave a great deal of money to establish ' libraries, the benefit of which we know in Prince 1 | Ediward Island. As a direct result of his com- ; fcributions, thousands of libraries were established throughout the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom,. Two large Institutes were founded at Pittsburgh and at Washington. Hero funds were set up, grants for needy students, and trusts for widely varied charitable institutions. In the cause of international peace, he built the Peace Palace at The Hague, and established the , } Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. i Often scoffed at and ridiculed by his enemies, j Carnegie refused to turn aside from practical ap¬ plications of what he believed to be the principles of democracy and peace, and the obligatiomsi of I great wealth. In a letter to his trustees, he said I that even after his death the wealth he regarded I as a trust would continue “to benefit humanity ! for generations untold.” At this, the hundredth anniversary of his j birth, his prophecy bids fair to come true. ^ ! V- 4 * 1 „ Miscellaneous news stories and editorials re Carnegie Centennial. % t >7 v * *A t i ilili 8fs || .'./v./.A. ' 'k^.Vv* ■ * . - ‘ 1 n d msmmmm ; lif t r a i (,i . W<. ' ,r 'A „ M&, (Yi* P?u;i ; ‘ ? , ’ -, ' IjP ! t v ' ■ ' < «, U 1 :* zU'i "V; f ,v /' 7 .• ‘.,;\l Y:!' v»H^v / < c *- ■> / °/'2 '/ 3:> ■CARNEGIE "CENTENARY.. Celebration,.tbis-year of the centenary of An- «drew.. Ca'roegie’s birth recalls that in Garnegie’s library benefactions, which gave 1,946 libraries to th^tJnited States, Indiana fared better than any f otfyer *tate of‘'the Union. Carnegie built 164 f libraries iri Indiana. Califbrxn^-'was second with 142’ Carnegie libraries, Illinois yand New York I third with 106, Ohio fourth with "105 and Iowa j fifth with 101. In addition to the 164 Carnegie public llbraribf in Indiana, .Carnegie funds were used for the'construction of two college libraries, i , at OePauw pd Earlham. Carnegi^Aksp provided endowments of $75,000 1 for ^btre'DapKi, $50,000 fc^r-Wabash, $25,000 fori | Butler^' and' jam $18,750 building for Moores Hill, j He appropriated $5p,000 for the library building I | at DePau¥i ; anl $30,000 for the library at Earl-1 ham. Other, funds have been, appropriated for j Indiana colleges in later years by the Carnegie J Corporation of New York. When Andrew Carnegie began his library f work in 1881; few American communities had ' free public libraries. The momentum he gave to ■ the public library movement in America resulted Sin libraries for virtually every town. The con¬ ditions of Carnegie’s library gifts were that the . community had to provide the site for the build- |Jijj ing, possess or obtain the books and suitable ; equipment and pledge an annual appropriation for maintenance, usually 10' per cent of the I amount of the Carnegie gift. With this assur¬ ance that the community would take interest in the maintenance of the library, Mr. Carnegie paid the cost of the building^ Fort Wayne’s Hero It is more , than usually fitting that the Car¬ negie Commission’s posthumous award to a eour- | ageous Fort Wayne man should have been, muni e J in the month that marks the one hundredth an- | niversary of Andrew Carnegie’s birth. A canny Scot who amassed a fabulous for- j tune, Carnegie : devoted * Ms later life to j spreading knowledge throughout America and I : to building up. the hope of individuals, less for- 'tunate than he. 'is' g ij If he were alive today,, the steel:king would ; be liappy to know of'the joy whipK has come j to the widou and the mother of thedafe Donald j Jackson Smith. . dTTd' Smith gave his life with’ eompHe' disregard J of self to the vain attempt to rdi#i.*e a helpless J girl. Well aware of his rupMqwij^pbysMal eon- j- dition, be nevertheless was^w^iing to dake bis I- life for hers. As a result, hd made the supreme J sacrifice. ■ A| Through the.' C'arn,egie Auspices, Smith’s! widow will receive a, monthly pension of #0,1' and his mother will receive $10. The money will help them through difficult circumstances. ;Cg, ■ f More important, even, than, the money, is the medal which will always'he theirs to remind j them of the character and fortitude v or husband | and of son. ... Tj Fort Wayne has reason to he proud of this I man who knew no fear. And the Carnegie com- . mission should he glad to know that the award * signifies so striking an act. 'I O' . f / aAR 6 NEGTE LIBRARIES,’ Celebration this year of the c entenary of An -! dreVdyarilegle’s ’Hlf*t.h^eoa|l*», t t.Imt in Carnegie’s ii- 1 hrary benefactions, whieh .gave Lb-16 libraries to the United States, Indiana, fared betted than any other state in the. Union. If ^ i, - . Carnegie built 164'libraries In Indiana. Jn addi¬ tion to the 164 Carhdgie public jihraiies in Indiana, Carnegie funds were used for tin construction of two college libraries, at DoPauw and Earlham. Carnegie also provided en down tents of $76,000 for Notre "Dame,. $50,000 for Wabash, $25,000 for But¬ ler, and an $18,750 building for Moores Hid. He ap¬ propriated $50,000 for the library . building at De- PauW and $80,000 for the library at Earlham. Other funds have been appropriated for Indiana colleges in latel* years by the Carnegie Corporation of New York. ’ , When Andrew Carnegie began Iris library work in 188L, few American communities had free public libraries. The momentum, he gave to the public li¬ brary movement in America resulted in libraries for virtually every town. The conditions of Carnegie’s library gifts Were that tlie community had to provide the site for the building, possess or obtain the books and suitable equipment and pledge an annual appropriation for maintenance, usually 10 per cent of the amount of the Carnegie gift. , With this assurance that the community would.take interest in the maintenance of the library, Mr. Carnegie paid the cost of the building. The Hartford City public library, a gift from Mr. Carnegie, has been very successful. It is .a com¬ munity institution that has dohe a great deal of good. OC-<-- C< < ft, fjr y L (UR^yBC^^^CE^^TENNIAL. On the 25th of this month the centen- m&kof the birth of Andrew Carnegie vxjll be observed in Scotland and in this counfry. Mr. Carnegie lived to such a ripe old age, and the 16 years sinqe his death have slipped past so quickly, that it is something of a surprise to be re¬ minded that his refnarkable career be¬ gan a century ago* Mr. Carnegie’s benefactions, the En¬ dowment for JntetJiational Peace, the Hero Funds, the institutions at Wash¬ ington and Pittsburgh,, the gifts to Scotland, all keep his name and life in the minds of millions, but the libraries have probably meant more to more people than the other gifts. No one can say how many lives have been brightened, for those with little or nothing to spare for amusement and education, through these libraries. For millions within reach of the libraries books have been made as obtainable as could be wished. Anyone with the time and ability to read can find a liberal education or a pleasant diversion at little or no expense, if his city has a library. Not because he macle so much money, nor even because he gave so much away, but because he gave it in a way to fill a need that he himself had felt as a poor youth, Andrew Carnegie remembered by millions this month. had felt as ?ie will bJj monthy^ Su, most of his mil- | ijioijs by a meE|itf<4-Uia^4s increasingly. recog- j • razed in this generation as contrary to public ! interest. 1 hat is to say, wnile he acquired some of his wealth by making and selling an useful commodity, he made much more by juggling the paper of corporations. For years after his retirement from business, the American public was taxed in one way and another .to build j actual values, behind the towering fronts of paper Carnegie erected. 1 his being,'the case, it was a peculiarly happy choice that he; made, when he chose for j his principal philahthjopy the scattering of I libraries among'jhe towns aiid.. . cities of the United States, i hesel institutions have been priceless public assets; helping to preserve the ! morale of the people during years of.economic j crisis brought on by just such reckless buccan- j e'erirg practised-: -by Carnegie and his asso- - j . Ilians of Americans, reiuseci'work, have been enabled through the libraries to continue education, puzzle out the methods by which ■ they have been fleeced, and find healing en¬ tertainment. The Carnegi^ peace foundation, '% well-intentioned enough, has exerted little in- : ftuence on the world.. The .Carnegie pensions for professors have bene fitted all too small a group of teacherf, and thosegenerally the ones ! least in need of pension aid. The hero'awards | are a sort of pleasant embroidery upon nation- I al life rather than an impo.lant social factor. - 1 he Carnegie public libraries constitute a j great American people’s university, increas- - ingly useful as time passes. It is appropriate \ enough that the principal observance of Mr. F Carnegie’s centenary is found in these institu/ ; tions. ' / \ t /„ c - //, j the CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL | One years ago today a lowly b j facfcoiy': worker in,, Dunfermline, Scotland, ibokecUti)°n tlie wrinkled face and hairless j j P^^ol another s/fp, new-born to .his strug-f .gling^ family. Little did the elder Carnegie! realize that lie was‘giving the world one 1 who be a living- refutation of all the jokes I that ever could be written or told about, |. what might politely he termed, the “over- f thriftiness of the Scot. Because, long be- id Tore In died, Andrew' Carnegie had given j .away-^SQinel liing- like $3 50,006,0(30 ! Ja,.c'ksofi joins..in the 'observance- of the ' j ' centennial ot Andrew Carnegie’s birth. It is one of 1 the beneficiaries of a belief lie’held all his life—-and acted upon— that men who p accumulated great wealth • were -Merely ; trustees, hound [by aty unwritten law to dis- T ; tribute that wealth lor the benefit fell the people. Mr. Carnegie’s disbursem en. ifook ( >; •the form 'of public libraries,-very largely, iS although his -other .henetactions were many, ® and varied. He has tin enduring monument in the gratitude of his own and future gen- orations for acts of'^merosity vdiich have m created institution’s uf. practical help and I inspiration to all people, a 1 iU'L^sn^ ' fib' &tnxJ&L - "fail'**' LIBRARY RECEIVES CARNEGIE PORTRAIT _ - 1 The Union Springs Libi^ry is the recipient of a framed por¬ trait of Andrew Carnegie, sent in commemorirttOT' of the 100 an¬ niversary of his birth, which is being celebrated all over the World with appropriate exercises November 25th. Mr. Carnegie be¬ gan his program of founding and aiding Libraries in 1881, by giv¬ ing a building to his native town of Dunfermline, Scotland. In 1890 ' he gave one to Allegheny City, Penn., which was his first home in America,, and thus began his library benefactions which in 1917 had resulted in gifts of approximately $65,000,000 ' to to build, equip or endow nearly 3,000 libraries, 1,900 of them in the United States and Canada, and the balance scattered throughout the English speaking world. Our beautiful library, the nu¬ cleus of which sprung from the hearts of loyal women, who after many years of struggling saw their dream come true, through | the generosity of Andrew Oarne- gie, whose interest in libraries began, when Colonel Anderson of Pittsburg, Penn., opened to him a poor messenger boy, a library of some 400 books and allowed him to take books home to read. Thus started a comprehensive ed- , ucation acquired entirely by his own efforts through the reading | of books, in gratitude for which I he had an overwhelming desire to make free access to books pos¬ sible to others. 2 • t/ctA-Qcij Anent Libraries I choosy free libraries as the best agencies for improving ,the masses of people, because they give | • nothing for nothing. They only. g jjjhetp those who help ■■themselves, j[ They never pauperize, ffhey reach | the aspiring, and open to these the chief treasures of the world—-those stored up in books. A taste for reading drives out lower tastes.... I prefer the free public library to most if not any other agencies for the happiness and improvement of ! a community.—An dr ew C arnegie. ^ . C )I CCC.. A . jf' Social Security Plans WE SPENT Friday studying the new social Service act of the government which is the initial step toward putting pld age pensions and unemployment insurance into effect. No less a personage than A. J. Altmeyer, a member of the new hocial security board of Washington, presented the program. In the audience which was practically all Michigan all Michi¬ gan small city newspaper publishers comprising the Michigan League of Home Dailies, who were sponsoring the meeting, was Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg. It was recognized as a serious occasion. It was definitely agreed by the experts that a larger measure of state and government aid is definitely scheduled to a large group of our population. ‘ Tliey will either get it under some such orderly plan as is. proposed by this legisla¬ tion or they, will take it by force at the polls,” was one ex¬ pression. , There is a definite number of permanent relief persons to plan for, for all times, it is apparent. There is the pressure' of groups like those who are seeking the Townsend plan to force the issue. The call today, is to get the demands into such shape as will permit their orderly reception and satis¬ faction as far as funds can be provided to meet them it was pointed out. Michigan has a state old age pension law and it is. be¬ lieved that this advanced legislation will enable it to qualify for most of the benefits which the federal act allows to states which cooperate. V Payroll taxes are to provide , the sources of revenue so far as the government funds are concerned and state funds to meet the additional requirements. The fear of industry now is that it cannot carry the load which starts January i. This remains to be seen but; the authors of the, legislation be¬ lieve it can be financed and that its benefits will outweigh its disadvantages. \ * # * * ; THE NATION, or that part of it which is interested, is noting the 100th anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carne¬ gie. His life is marked as one of the bright chapters of Amer- ican ^dustrial history. He amassed great wealth and gave away $350,000,000 in philanthropic adventures. He endowed schools and especially libraries. There are not many localities Tn h p 1C nf po f ses f a Car negie library and Dowagiac is one of the fortunate places. It would not be amiss if during this commemoration, a little service or session of those who have a heart interest in the library be held just to pay a trib¬ ute to the memory of this. man. y (4 < ! pI? E ! II tu ICACIES ° f enforcin £ neutrality arise in the, case of od. Ra y says that if the United States enforces an embargo on oil, it will be deemed an unneutral and hostile act and will be resented when there is an opportunity. Evi- ’ th^ir paying we are neutral and stopping trade with wzr T wnf na !° n w iS n0t neutralit y at all, but a cause for j|ar. It was so m the World War and it will be so in all inter¬ national relations. At the same time American travelers are rqughed m Italy. And in the United States the German am! bassador is heckled by folks who do not like Hitlerism! Hmv does one proceed m the face of such manifestations ? As" Self Starters | Newspaper specials are replete [ . with stoats of men , who are strik-1 | ing out Along new; lines to. win sue- j .|;;cess. Il^is generally admitted that! tfie tjme is^rather'far' distant when eails will bS^-tesued for men in herds to step into paying jobs at tidy wages, all merely to do as they - are told and work with their hands ' and not their brains. The men with ingenuity to see a chance and to take advantage of it is somehow pulling through,; while his more fastidious neigh- " bor is yet on the waiting list. In the past five years there has been / a complete transformation. In 1928 anybody could get a job any¬ where, and the employers were coaxing people 'to .take places on their payroll. When the. jolt came, whichv af¬ fected everybody, great numbers of them, by reason of conditions within themselves or entirely out¬ side themselves, will never be able to find the way back again “ into industry. / Not a few have had the experi- ence of seeing^ some one else ! step & into the ; very same comfortable . protecting, weiPpolished shoes which they themselves, but for. a kink in circumstances, or a \rrong move at the critical moment,.. might be wearing. Since the whole "'pbpufaVimf has- been divided into riyo' classes “Them as has" and' “Therii %s haint,” there have been - distinct . lines of- sympathy drawn, .some i ; persons devoting, their 'entire Vime ( j/' to the support of. the very' poor There are those- who insist that- the ' f' ones who' do not. work because of: I disability or disinclination #i’e en¬ titled to reward as 'good as the i best. Others would put a premium on ability and health and strength and willingness, and give rewards to those who excel. - Thus the uni- U form wage scale is subject to attack i from both sides of th-e line. Andrew Carnegie, whose cen- fe tenary is soon'’to 'be observed, is - quoted as saying that , he was less ; concerned regarding the submerged I tenth than the swimming tenth: -In other words, the workers inter¬ ested him more than the^di'&nes. In his .steel! /business the- could use men who were up and going, and willing to go along with him and make fortunes for themselves as he had done. When he had money to give away he contributed i to church organs and libraries, be¬ lieving that people who g0 to church may receive inspiration and encouragement through good music and that people who go to libraries to read may there learn something ! to benefit them. It will be freely admitted by any one who thinks for a mp- ment, that the people who work are always obliged to carry those who do not, and that there are always persons who insist upon being carried and also having a full share of the good things without ef- \ fort on their own part. m W' CARNEGIE—THE CANNY SCOT This $ay marks the centenary of the bir&%f Andrew Carnegie, who, in the era of developing America, l[ rose from a Scotch bobbin boy, at a little more., than a dollar a week, and from a ' telegrapher, whose | stipend was $'2.'50 v every seven days, to become the possessor of an hon¬ estly-earned fortune, estimated, at its peak, at $400,000,0(M>, all but about 23 millions of which he gave away for philanthropic purposes. [Not only that, but he prided him¬ self, in his later years, that he also created more than 40 millionaires, who were his partners. Never in the history of the world has th’ere been anyone quite com¬ parable to this many-sided genius who alternately amazed and amused mankind. To the present generation he is becoming a somewhat shad- , owy figure. Blazoned on literally I thousands of public libraries and numerous other institutions he founded, his name will ring down the centuries, but what manner of man he was and how he became a Croesus and then prodigally 'dis¬ persed almost all his riches is re¬ membered principally by a genera¬ tion whose orbit centered around the days of the Spanish-American War, Books .have been written to ex¬ plain Andrew Carnegie. His biog¬ raphers do not always agree, some¬ times for' obvious y-easons. But his engaging habit of self-revelation make certain'facts incontrovertible. Most $5*0,000 per annum. Beyond This never earn, make no effort to > jjftCFease fortune but spend the sur¬ plus each year for benevolent pur¬ poses. Cast aside business forever, ■except for others. Settle -in Oxford land get a thorough education, mak¬ ing the acquaintance of literarj hnen—this will take three yeafs' active work. iPay special attention to spedking in public. 'Settle then in- London and purchase a con- ■ rolling interest in some newspaper live review and live the general Tmnagement of it attention, taking ■ part in public matters; especially rose connected with education and ,'nprovement of t he po orer classes. "/ay'j “Man , must have an idol—the- -massing of wealth is one of the yorst species of idolatry—no idol j nmre debasing than the worship, of moriey. Whatever I engage in I must, push inordinately; therefore should I be most careful to choose #h$t life which will be the most < le rating in its character. To con¬ tinue much longer overwhelmed jf-y business care and with most of T'y thoughts wholly upon, the way Si o/make more money in the short- ' iV time, must degrade me beyond ij-ope of permanent recovery. I will Resign business at 35, but during (he ensuing two years I wish to /pend the afternoons in receiving jT-tructlon and in reading syste¬ matically.” LBut -the. or those pious lines did not follow that program S at that time, although he heeded B some of the precepts at a later date. * - Andrew Carnegie first saw tlx > light of day Nov. 5, 1835, in a tiiF cottage in Dunfermline, Scotland.' To. his mother fell the great de¬ cision and, with customary courage and finality, she decreed the family should try new fields. Accordingly' in 1848, when Andrew was 13, the hegira began in the sailing vessel, Wiscasset. The family was welcomed to “Slabtowti,” across the river from Pittsburg,' by old friends, and rela¬ tives' from Scotland but his fath¬ er’s success in the New World was indifferent. Upon the mother de¬ volved the. responsibility of keep¬ ing the little brood together,' which she did by helping a neighborhood cobbler. Then the father got a job in a cotton mill and in the same place little Andy earned his first “regular money” as bobbin boy. When the Civil War began Car¬ negie’s superior, Tom Scott, was made Assistant Secretary of War. Scott took Carnegie to Washington, where, as chief of the Army tele¬ graph, he came in contact with Lin¬ coln and otSe,r : , celebrities. His/ strenuous work affected his health and when he obtained a leav/e of absence, he repaired to his old home in Scotland, for a rest. Returning to Pittsburg, he took up, the threads of his career. He en¬ tered the- iron-making business, in a small way 1 , and from the out¬ set, was successful. By 1867 his iron business was really prospering .and he began: operations in Wall .Street, where his huge forth® was to he rounded out. • When Bessemer steel came into use Carnegie, although at first un¬ impressed/get aboard. . In 1881 he consolidated his prin¬ cipal hdlding under the name Car¬ negie Brothers & Co., Ltd., in which he held firm control. Before long he formed an alliance with -Henry C. 'Frick, who' controlled fabulously rich Connellsville coke production and together they took over the Homestead works, where .Carnegie’s name was to becomej.&sting an¬ athema to organized labor. Before the turn of the century the annual profits ‘of' the Carnegie j company exceeded >$'20,000, 1 000, but I had feeling was growing between j ■ii of milIion6 > was appraised at $22% J|||S81,575, his «|ha widow receiving one- Frick, now chairman of the board and the Laird of Skibo, the desig- J nation Carnegie had won through ' acquisition of the Scottish castle of that name. The row had .its genesis- in Carnegie’s ' demand that the Frick company sell the Carnegie company poke at a Idwer price. A legal battle followed resulting in merging the steel and coke com¬ panies^ with a capitalization of $320,000400. Carnegie set the stage carefully, filling the public ear with tales of vast expansions he planned. The game worked and eventually J. P. [ Morgan, Sr,., who had already be¬ come a rival power in the world of steel, and hie associates became the prospective customer. A period* of adroit maneuvering was climaxed by. the- world’s record purchase of all time, acquisition by the Morgan group of the Carnegie company to form the United Statee Steel Corp., at the equivalent of half a billion dollars, a price originally set by the unbeatable Scot. This stupendous transaction left I Carnegie the master'of a fortune estimated a s high'as v$4'00,4b0,000 I, and he set about practising a >“Gos- I pel of Wealth” he had devised years | before. Before the eyes of an astonished world he began a systematic distri¬ bution of almost, all the enormous riches he had piled up. Before he was through his benefactions to¬ taled more than $350,000,000. His first large philanthropy was creation of a $4,000,000 pension fund for h’e. workmen. Soon he be¬ came engrossed in the possibilities of helping groat masses of men ; I women and children by , building libraries, and the name Carnegie was carved on the facades of near¬ ly three thousand libraries that dot this and other lands. In quick succession Carnegie spent $22,300,000 'founding the Car¬ negie Institution of Washington, which - explores many important fields of science; nearly $27,000,000 on the Carnegie Institute of Tech¬ nology in Pittsburg; $10,000,000 to endow r.he Carnegie Ilero Fund; $30,000,000 on the' Carnegie Foun¬ dation for the Advancement of, Teaching, to ameliorate the condi¬ tion of low-salaried professors; $280,'000 backing Brander Mat¬ thews’s simplified spelling crusade; $10,000,000 on the Scottish Uni¬ versities Trust; a like amount on the United-Kingdom Trust, also to aid colleges; more than $6,000,000 several thousand organs for ■churches; $4,000,000 for pensions of comrades of his telegrapher days; $1, 500400 to build the Palace of Peace at The Hague and $10,000,000 jj, to found the Carnegie Endowment! |or .International Peace, Finally hop did, not forget his native'Scottish•. l ;- birthplace, creating a $3,750400 f; Dunfermline Trust to brighten ex- j istence there. \ H e died Aug. 11, 1919 , the end I coming ait his estate, in the Berk- j shire Hills, of Massachueetts. ! His estate, once in the hundreds! ’Ccbjjfr Random Thoughts. In the Andrew Carnegie centenary broad¬ cast last week from Dunfermline, Scotland Carnegie’s birthplace,:one of the speakers was the earl of Elgin. He was introduced as Lord “Elgin,”/ the “g” hard as in “get.” In the United. States the name usually is pronounced with a soft “Eljin.’’ The difference in pronunciation recalled a day in the British Musuiem when two lec¬ turers were heard the same morning discours¬ ing- on the Elgin marbles. One called them the “Elgin” marbles, with the-hard "g;” the other the “Eljin” marbles.' The question was put up to an eminent - literary Scot, H. N. Brailsford, who gave -the explanation that “El¬ gin” is a Scottish name and in Scotland is pronounced with the hard “g,”, whereas the English usually call it “Eljin,” In connection with the ceremonies • the oc¬ casion is recalled twenty-seven years ago when Andrew Carnegie appeared before the ways and means committee of the house in Wash¬ ington to argue for lower steel tariffs in the hearings that led up to the Payne-Aldrich bill. He was a little old salty , man, and his testimony was lit up by human flashes. The steel industry, he said, had outgrown the need of tariffs; we could beat the world in making steel. “But,” he added, “you won’t find my; associates taking, that view. They have been made so soft by depending on tariff protection that they are scared to death at any suggestion that they don’t need duties.”- A committee member suggested if anything happened to the United States Steel Corpora¬ tion Carnegie could turn over his Interests to Charles M. Schwab and know Schwab would take care of the steel business for him. “Not quite,” Carnegie protested. *Tbrought up Charley. He’s a smart boy; I should say a genius. But you know how geniuses are. I d -have to look after the business end m3 7 self. In our association Charley supplied the genius and I supplied the common sense. Together we made a great team.” /y/y y jcx. ff c 'uztcC ^NDREW Carnegie ami' -Ethelbcrll Nevin had" '4]ie same birthday _ November 25th; both \e& enduring impress on the world, in widely differ- 1 ent w#sp, in equally different ways, both aitamed success through-;, individ ual genius and initiative and unremit¬ ting hard work, in the best American . tradition. And, equally in American tradition, each owes his right to remem¬ brance, not to what he did for his own personal profit, but to what he poured forth for the highest form of enjoy- I ment, the truest cultural betterment ■ I of hls fellow men of his own and future I generations. ■ I What need to emphasize the gulf- vmde contrasts between the two? — one the shrewd, daring master of men and machines whose epic of steel brought mm the means to endow the benefac¬ tions he considered their noblest use- ifhe other, the gentle musician who bravely faced a lifetime of laborious struggle in hope of becoming a piano virtuoso, whose beautiful soul could nse above that struggle to give the world those sweet harmonies that remain to express each human heart’s deepest and finest emotions. The con¬ trast is obvious, the parallel tenuous indeed — except at the level where one realizes afresh how greatly, in human destiny, spiritual values -transcend those of the daily give-and-take of our ordinary concerns. There it-Is easy to say, our world is lastingly the better for the life and works of these two men — both of them. <•<« £••• -; 77 1 r CARNEGIE CENTENARY. /YN November 25th the centenary ^ of the birth of the late Andrew Carnegie was celebrated throughout the English-speaking world. Andrew Carnegie was a son of Dunfermline, who emigrated at an early age to the United States of America, saw the possibilities of work with steel and won his way to wealth by one colos- O"' ^am bio on the continued pros¬ perity of the United States. It was in some ways a hard path which he trod, but it had its compensations, including the friendship of Rosebery, Morley, Herbert Spencer, and Bes¬ semer the great scientist. The story of the Bessemer process of making steel, told by Mr Burton J. Hend¬ ricks in his life of Andrew Carnegie is as fascinating as the story of the first Pullman Car or of Carnegie’s genius as a telegraphist, or as officer in charge of a great railway division. It is as a friend of mankind that he is now chiefly remembered, for he held that it, was one of the duties of a rich man to administer his riches only for the national good, yet he would help no class of citizens who were not prepared to help them¬ selves. He gave no library build¬ ings, no baths, unless the citizens who were to benefit by the gift would bind themselves to look after the upkeep and not let his gift go to rack and ruin; and experience has shown what a very wise provision that was. New Zealand has bene¬ fited from his benefactions in sev¬ eral respects, notably in the g’ft of libraries to various cities and towns and the provision of training abroad for nersons engaged in library and other educational work. By far greatest gift in recent yea v s has been that made bv the Carnegie Corporation of New York, one of the many trusts by the foundation of which Mr. Carnegie ensured that his work would go on after his death: the grant of funds to. the librarv surveyors who brought down the Munn-Barr Report on New Zea¬ land libraries, which.' through the efforts of the New Zealand Library Association and others interested, has resulted in a general revival of interest throughout the country and brings infinitelv closer the prospect of a National Central Library and a rural library system of the same na¬ ture as those administered in Great Britain and the United States at a small cost per head. cellent biography of the great Judge, showing the dignity of his court¬ room, the impassivity of his manner and the strict justice of his sentences. £ The nickname “The Hanging Judge” % can be nothing but unfair, for after all a Judge’s duty in a murder trial does not extend to the selection of sentences. Once the verdict has been found, his work is confined to passing the sentence of death. None the less Sir Horace Avory was stern % and impartial in his summings up and in his directions to the jury, and any appeal for mercy on im¬ proper grounds always fell on deaf ears. He had a passion for accur¬ acy and far from being the merciless and retributive figure he has some¬ times been painted, he helped to dignify both prosecution and Bench by confining his sphere within in- flexible bounds. The Prosecutor was no advocate against a person: his g task was merely to expound the | evidence for the crown. The Judge 1 went no further and had no right to brow-beat the witness. Mr. Lang | has made an excellent work in com- oiling this biography, containing as | it does short summaries of such % cases as those of Jabez Balfour Whitaker Wright. Adolph Beck, 1 Hatry and the libel on Mr. Churchill. While imbued with the hero-wor- | ship which usually becomes a char¬ acteristic of the biographer of a great man, as he comes to realise the full implications of a character he has for a time admired, Mr. Lang is appreciative rather than critical, l but he gives enough in definite fac- ! tual form to make quite certain the | fact that he is not Avhite-washing an unattractive personality, but paying due tribute to one of those figures who have made the British Bench what it is, and upheld the dignified traditions of the administration of 1 justice. ^ (VAj. rVVco£-/ Carnegie The hundredth anniversary of the birth of any human being of out- standing achievement is perhaps the ' most appropriate occasion for re- ■r viewing his life, and work. Andrew - Carnegie, ironmaster, manufacturer* y'y; philanthropist and great American jg|| citizen, was born one hundred years . ' ago today In Dunfermline, Scotland. The measure of his greatness rests not only on the skill, industry and ^ business genius which enabled him A#;to rise from abject poverty co vast wealth, but on the use to which he % • put that great fortune. It is estimated ■a. that at the time of his death he had distributed ninety per cent, of his P jj wealth in various channels of social , welfare. Carnegie steel was a great factor ; in the industrial progress of the world, but its maker left a more A . lasting imprint upon the pages of /' • history through his remarkable ben¬ efactions for science and education. His conviction of a rich man’s duty in fields of social service developed I slowly through the years but did I II not come to full fruition until he was nearly ready to retire from ac-’ ^Stive participation' in business. Meanwhile, for more than a half- I century he had been progressing in a manner that makes one of the ro¬ mances of American business. Soon /.:y; after he had been brought to this H| country by his parents, and before ;j. he had reached his teens, he was obliged to go to work as a bobbin boy in a factory at twenty cents a ^ ’ day. It is probably a common belief that he “grew up” in the iron busi- 11 ness but as a matter of fact he | reached that field of activity only by a long and circuitous route. From lip! the weave-shed he went to the engine room and then into clerical work. After spare-time study of telegraphy «H| he became an operator, then a train |2 dispatcher, then secretary to the gen¬ eral superintendent of the PennsyL vania Railroad, then a division su- , *' perintendent. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was placed in charge of the eastern military railroads and ' ■ telegraph lines, and it is said that • while engaged in his duties he was •- the third man wounded on the Union i side. It was experimental work in the replacement of wooden bridges with L iron structures that led him into the iron business. Having become a ; small Capitalist by virtue of his thrift he organized a bridge building com- pany, which soon established fur¬ naces and a rolling mill to supply its own material. It was this concern that introduced the Bessemer process from England, and progress was rapid after that. Twenty years later Mr. Carnegie had acquired control of eight other steel mills centred around Pittsburgh. Another decade saw these concerns consolidated as the Carnegie Steel Company, which in a few yeai l S* , ^s transferred to the United States Steel Company at a valuation of a half-billion dollars. Mr. Carnegie now began in earn- est to dispose of his wealth. The total of his gifts may never be ac- :' curately known, but it is said to be in * excess of $350,000,000. The more im- || portant donations have been fairly well tabulated. Public libraries and grants to colleges accounted for the l'distribution of $152,170,000. The Car¬ negie Corporation of New York re¬ ceived $135,000,000 as a trust fund for the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. Thir- , ty million dollars went to scientific research, and the cause of interna¬ tional peace was promoted by twelve ■ and a half millions. Fourteen million dollars was set aside for pension funds, and music was a beneficiary to the extent of six million dollars. His birthplace was remembered in the founding of the $3,500,000 “Car¬ negie Dunfermline Trust.” More than three thousand munici¬ pal library buildings erected at a cost of sixty million dollars now re¬ flect the Carnegie interest in public enlightenment. The greatest single foundation is undoubtedly the Car¬ negie Institute at Pittsburgh, a great technological school which has re¬ ceived twenty-five million dollars. Of equal importance; perhaps, is the Carnegie Institution at Washington, which is chief among the scientific agencies established or supported by Carnegie money. Quite as important as these huge gifts of Carnegie money is the social and economic philosophy underly¬ ing the giving, it was Mr. Carnegie’s belief that rich men have no moral right to hoard and monopolize their surplus accumulations. Men like him believe that they are moral custo¬ dians of their wealth and that it is their duty to distribute a generous " part of that wealth in ways calculat¬ ed to accomplish a substantial public good. A present-day school of the¬ orists believe that great wealth is an economic and social sin and that it is the duty of Government to take away the money of rich men and di vert it to other channels. The various living monuments to Mr. Carnegie’s sound economic sense and clear social insight stand today as a great moral object lesson In the r otber°l, Ve 7 aent ex ^ etim ^k on the other hand, we have a vivid pic¬ ture of the inevitable course of Gov f ^ e n d men ^ administr ation of appropri¬ ated, and expropriated wealth. ? he bene fi egle + meth0d P^tuates the j beneficent use of wealth; the Gov- j ernment method entails not the be- ^neficent redistribution of wea th s it Purports to do, but its progressive dissipation. In the end it means ttfe disappearance of wealth, both indiv- idual and collective. It builds up steadily and surely toward an ideaD istic state of national poverty. Al- in a t£ J J s evidence of this trend in the decreased ability of citizens to STL* 6 n f Cessary su PP 0 rt to their in S ““: scientifl<:andcharitabte 1 'Scxu./h-t. (p Lxa 'mi*/ PLAN PROGRAM Will Observe Carnegie Cen tenary at Local Library The Andrew Carnegie centenary observation will take place next wek on Monday night. As its part in the observation, the Carnegie pub¬ lic library board is sponsoring a fine- program to be presented at the library Monday evening at 8 o’¬ clock,, to which the public is cordial¬ ly invited. The program will be opened with i address by Mayor iS. N. Clark after which a picture of the late Andrew Carnegie will be unveiled. Talks will also be given by Mrs Russell Price, representing . the Child’s Conservation League, and Mrs. Edward Beidle.r, representing the Woman’s Music club; Miss Ger¬ trude Mittermaier, representing the Reading club, and Mrs. A. L. Walton representing the Usando club. There will also be an address by Attorney L. M. Bowers, president of the library board, who will also read an article concerning the dedi¬ cation of the library. Miss Cora IKenan, librarian, will give a talk re¬ lating to the history and progress of the library. The members of the library board and their wives will serve as hosts and hostesses. On Wednesday afternoon, November 27, from ,3 to '5 o’clock a tea will be held in the library basement for the ladies of the community in charge of Mrs. James Holloway and committee. > I > ^ \ TPHEIRK were celebrations in key- cities last week marking the 100th birthday of Andrey Carnegie, which g recalled that visitors t'A MS ' birth- Jf pIace ln Dunfermline, Scotland, are 1 shown the town’s fine opera house, presented to it by the Scotch steel maker. It was, formally opened by the Turner English Grand Opera Co. and the original, program on satin 1 adorns the theatre’s vestibule. The 4 opening opera was “The Bohemian j Girl ” an 6 one of the greatest philanthropists of all time. Successful beyond imagination in business, the young Scot early planned to deyote his interests to the improvement,of man’s lot. To¬ day, many fields owe debts to his generous giving"^L-and deep interest. The causes of world- peace, educa¬ tion and science • were among the principal beneficiaries of the Car¬ negie fortune. ‘ To place education within the reach of all was one of Carnegie’s aims and this ideal has been at¬ tained by Carnegie Tech in Pitts¬ burgh and by the thousands of public libraries which the Carne¬ gie funds financed. Here * in Lynn, the Wyoma branch library was built with the aid of a Carnegie grant. The same generosity aided the construction of the library in Saugus Centre. kJ oto, CA RNJEfilE CENTENARY , One hundred years ago, Novem¬ ber the 25th was the birthday of Andrew Carnegie. All over this country public libraries are pay¬ ing tribute to him on the centen¬ ary of that date. The Carnegie Corporation of New York has pre¬ sented the , Lakewood Public Li¬ brary with a framed portrait of Mr. Carnegie; and a set of seven posters which present • Carnegie quotations: in an attractive form. These will be • 'exhibited in the, Lakewood Public Library during the week qf the centenary date. 'ft", Ss,N\.W n t vyA > L 43 OR, CAPITAL end Busin.es Abilty are the three j legs o%^hree-legged..-stool. Neither is first; neither is sec- jond, rieitner-.is third. There is no precedence, all being equally necessary. He who would sow discord among them! |i8 an enemy offrll.—A npri^k£arn^ie. " ^J\ /One Hundred Years of Library Progress One hundred years ago November 25th, in Djimferline, Scotland, in an attif of a small j cottage,"Andrew C arnegie first saw the light of day. Since among many benefactions this n^erry but most canny Scotchman, who came in his youth to America and piled up one of the greatest fortunes of the golden age of for¬ tunes, devoted some $65>j)pp # 000 to the erec¬ tion of libraries, the American Library Associa¬ tion thought the date of Andrew Carnegie’s birth a fitting'time to^ma^k the beginning of a celebration of one hiindh'ed year's of library progress in the United' States.' ■ The story of Carnegie’s life and accom¬ plishments though mafred by such.qualities as slave'driving and the predatory methods which ~ characterized the careers of most American captains of industry in the nineteenth century is nevertheless one of the most interesting and thrilling in the annals of self-made men/ Of particular note was his interesttin books and places in “which to hou$e them. - Of a highly disputatious nature (one biog- rapher says Andrew Carnegie’s ancestors loved a dram, a joke and an argument) he was al¬ ways seeking information. As: a consequence he was an omniverdus reader;all his life. It was, therefore not strange, after he had de¬ cided to dispose' of a major part of his fortune, that when approached with a request for money to build up branch libraries in New York City he should accede. Then began his wave of-.library building : ' until he had provided funds for over two thousand such' structures. With his usual canny wAy^of doing things he stipulated .that proper sites should always be provided and a perpetual-maintenance fund j equivalent to ten per 'cent of his .gift shopjd be i assured. Those were' the: terms., ufider which the Laramie Carnegie, library was bjiiilt. Citi¬ zens provided the site, the cojpity -agreed on the maintenance and.'Mr. Cafiiegie’s . $20,000 for the original building was forthcoming. \ Because of the tremendous impetus given ! to the library movement by klr. Carnegie’s munificence Jt is, therefore, but natural that the American Library Associatin'should, link-1 u ; p the story of library progress 1 in this country | with th® centenary of the little'Scotchman’s birth. It is a story, too, even more interesting j and thrilling than the life of the ‘‘incredible : Carnegie.” One hundred years a-gp there were practically ho public libraries in the United j States. There were libraries of course in the colleges and a few of the subscription variety, but of the public nature, as we know them, none. . The first authenticated one of a tax sup¬ ported nature and of continuous existence is that of Peterborough, New Hampshire, found¬ ed in 1833. The first children’s library was opened in West Cambridge (now, Arlington) Massachusetts in 1852. Even the great Bos¬ ton Public Library was not founded until 1851. By 1876, when the American Library Associa¬ tion Was founded, there were three hundred j libraries in the United States and Canada, but j now in the United States alone there are over | ten thousand. Greater even than this extraordinary growth and far more significant is the change in the administration and uses of the public -library. Started just as a repository of books which were most zealously guarded, with ’ac-" Vo. - u \ \ The country is honoring the memory of Andrew Carnegie by observing the famous Scot'shwadredth birthday. Had he lived under the New Deal, Mr. Car¬ negie would have been in disrepute be¬ cause he was successful, and the tax- gatherers would have taken from him the millions that went into libraries arid other blessings for mankind. cess- to them only enjoyed by the scholarly fev the .public library has now in this century o great progress become public in the true sens* of that texm! .^pen shelves, with, free and un restricted circulation, have become the rule. In this the -public library has come tc take a placj .along .side of the public school an institution for* everyone everywhere, anc one of the g^jjat mainstays of American life. hf e of the towns Wherever-libraries are to be found is incdci^able. All honor .accordingly to'the memory of the vigorous^fhrifty ScotclfcW. whose name plays so laljge. £, part jn .the story' of this «en- , tury of progress. Whatever the meiho'Js W amassing of much of- his fortune it'‘now through the channel, of libraries and the boats on their shelves is,finding,-its Way into -the hearts and minds of millions Of .our country¬ man, returning thereby to;‘the"real source of! So much of the nation’s " 'Wealth, the people ! themselves. j In this eetitilry -of-.progress the libraries of the Jand have become the center? of light and mental refreshment to all of the people IiJ a matter of pride locally that our own Car- negie ..library deads in all these good things j anA that it. tqp, on Monday, the Carnegie anni- I UiJI join the rest of the country in | observing this century of progress. HE TRANSFORMED GIVING Numerous and varied tributes .have ! been paid.to the memory of Andrew Ca rnegie rec ently, but none has been more' fitting than one voiced in New York last week -by James Irvine, prin¬ cipal and vice-president .of St. Andrews | university of ; Fite,, Scotland, when he said r : , He (Andrew Carnegie) builded Wisely, for he acted on the simple basir, of belief in hu¬ man nature ... No doubt he made mistakes, but where he erred it was; thru -excess of zeal or by reason of undue faith in others. He was indeed the fatheh-bf'giving on the grand scale and more than-jany‘other man of his time he transformed giving from an ill- developed art into a well-regulated science; above all, for the reason that he regarded j benevolence as a duty, there was no savor of charity to make hitter the Acceptance of his gift . . . Others have followed his exam¬ ple and the combined effect of' the i large spending trusts now operating for the gen- ereal benefit of humankind is beyond our j calculation. STEEL MASTER. When Andrew Carnegie came to America in 1853,‘ a lad of 13, he ; sailed in a wooden Ship. When he! “went West” to Pittsburgh, the-... Pennsylvania town full of kindly! Scots, he caught his first glimpse® of the New World from the deck. of an Erie canalboat. The age of If steel was yet to come and the im-i migrant lad was the chief figure in the development of an industry which meant so much to industriali America. The people of the United States j today celebrate the 100th anniver- i sary of the steel master’s birth. He j came a long way from Dunferm- j line, rose to a seat among the! mighty, walked with kings, but kept the common touch. That enormous fortune he garnered in the long; -years of business activity was re- ; turned to the people in the shape of charitable and educational do- | nations. America benefited from i : his generosity as did his native j Scotland. He set an example to wealth not soon forgotten, return- ing to others less fortunately placed-in the economic scheme of | things a large share of the capital that he had accumulated by his own thrift and initiative, y Steel is today the greatest indus¬ try in America, a significant barom- | eter of business.^ Andrew Car- - negie made steel, dreamed dreams . of skyscrapers towering to the sun, * ; of railroads carrying freight from i sea to sea, of ships linking con- j; , r tinents. If alive today, Andrew Car- ■' negie would be displaying leader- ship to meet the problems of the ) new economic era. America pays tribute to the steel 1 master. His rise to power is the! saga of a country which keeps op- portunity open to all. The recital^ of Andrew Carnegie’s contributions to library and university is a long ■ one, its record fittingly inscribed in the nation’s hall of fame. This na-« tion would like to welcome more ■. newcomers like Andrew Carnegie. BELATED TRIBUTE TO CARNEGIE. Time heals most bitternesses, even inf labor disputes, and it will not be surpris¬ ing if the tribute to be paid in St, Louis this month to the man who gave a million dollars to make the Central Public Library and its branches possible meets with aS hearty public response. Andrew, Carnegie’s name was barred from the lit^ary except for an obscure inscription on the back wall outside. St. Louis took his money but put the soft pedal on its “Thank you.” The gif^ inspired the city,to support itf library and provided, the homes -for a vast collection of bookjs since- acquired. The donation came, however, at a time when labor riots in the Pittsburgh steel mil’s were fresh in everyone’s mind and when Mr. Carnegie’s name, was anathema to union! labor. It needed more courage Than any city administration could muster to pay! him the honor due. Now the local library, in conjunction with the American Library Association, isi observing the centenary of the -birth of : this donor of many libraries. For more' than thirty- years St. Louisans, including! organized and unorganized workers, their! children and grandchildren, have benefited! from his gift. It would be no more than justice that this observance include the! placing of a tablet on the Central Library front, or inside, commemorating it. La- ^ \o\ %j6V^ /flie Fine Art Of Doing Good The nation is going to celebrate the cen¬ tennial of Andrew Carnegie 's birthday next montl Andrew Carnegie was something more than a good man. So many of us would like to do good if we had the money, dnd so many with money think they are doing good merely by parting with it* , But Andrew Carnegie lad perhaps the keenest insight into, the jeal. elements of being good and doing good than any other man of his period. ,: r t- Out of a wealth of sensible and lovely things he wrote you come to a profound stop to study this utterance: “I. choose free libraries as the best agencies for improving the masses of the people because they give nothing for nothing. They only help those who help themselves. They never pauperize. They reach the aspiring, and open to these the chief treasures of thh World—those stored up in /books.” It takes a wise man as well as a good man to realize that none can help anyone who will not help himself. , Andrew Carnegie knew the fine art of doing good. h | a ^ j > - d.X \ (J l ^ ' WITH the celebration, today, of the 100th anni¬ versary of the birth of Mr. Andrew Carnegie, there comes the impulse to think of the many different ways in which his name is used from day to day, year in and year ibut,—without associating it with the man himself. . Latrobe church-goers listen every Sunday to at least three organs which came thru him as gifts. In hundreds of towns there are Carnegie libraries. Year by year there are reports covering the Carnegie Pension Fund, the Carnegie Hero Fund, the Carnegie Peace 'Fund, the Carnegie Foundation, the Carnegie Institute. Carnegie Tech is never absent from the j sports pages. Yet it is only on special occasions that we think! definitely of the man who not so many years ago set • out to distribute one of the world’s great fortunes, in keeping with the declaration that he intended to die poor., .. . Y There can be no question as to the worthwhile way in which he put his wealth to work.for the public good. His monuments are everywhere; his name is; spoken daily in hundreds of cities. But to the rising!; generation, a centenary celebration is timely, in that/ it serves to recall the career of the man himself. It really wasn’t so> many years ago That Mr, Car- ? negie was a living, vital personage, still trying tuI place the wealth which had been an incident to his ability in the realm .of business. The Bulletin’s file? would reveal numerous incidents in which he figured, — a pension given tq some one whom he had known white he was helping to build the Pennsylvania Rail¬ road, — and to operate it; a letter he had written to an old acquaintance From 20. to 30 years ago there were quite a number living in Derry, who had known Mr. Carnegie. ' * There are two: letters to the Bulletin from Mr. Carnegie, stored away some place. One was in ac¬ knowledgment of a copy of the paper containing a review of the career- of .Mr, Oliver W. Barnes, the enignecr who had laid put Latrobe, and who had been a. great friend of Mr. Carnegie’s in the early days of railroading. The other had to do with a plan to name the local hospital after Mr. Barnes, but it never materialized. ’ . Mr. Carnegie not Only did a great deal of. good with his wealth,—-a* good which is continuing and which will continue for years to come; he also turned the nation’s thoughts to the Responsibilities associated with great wealth; he put his wealth to work in a way that has meant much for human welfare, and lie prompted others to do likewise. Thoughts of his career.and the huge fortune which he accumulated— and then, gave away—come at a time|{ when wealth is a. matter of controversy. Men of | great wealth are being censured, and there are do- mands for laws that would prevent the accumulation [ of wealth in the hands of a.few. Yet underlying; the (tern, -of wealth' there is the far greater item'of achievement, with wealth as a mere incident of the struggles toward quite different g° a l s * \ . „ i There will have to be wealth in the hands of at | f ew , to make achievement possible, and as an incident || of achievement. , • Mr. Carnegie gave a good example as to what to do | I with wealth. PROFITS OF WAR The celebration of the centenary of Andrew Carnegie’s birth serves to illustrate the fact that the Civil war set the stage for two American dynasties, one of which is still potent in the life of the nation, the other long since decayed. The first was a dy¬ nasty of wealth and actual power, founded by young men who, by one meahs or another, evaded hazard¬ ous service on battlefields. Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, Sr., were the outstanding rulers in that royal house. Their mark today still pierces deep on the face of the land; only within the last, half dozen years have time and events begun to erase it. The other was a dynasty of superficial power, established by officers and enlisted men who Went Away to conflict, who came back with wounds and prestige, and who for a generation thereafter held nominal control of the national government. Mostly they are a memory now, influential only as dead heroes, revered with lip service, but not any more an actual force in everyday affairs. They were the “bullet-headed generals,” in Hawthorne’s phrase, with Grant the first of their line. The lasit was Mc¬ Kinley. The pistol shot that sounded his Assassina¬ tion was a whole funeral oration thus briefly and ironically reciting the transitory character of the profits that war pays to its heroes on the front. But the pay-off to “soldiers” who remain in comfortable berths is another story altogether, often repeated but apparently never comprehended by the actual combat units. Carnegie and the elder Rocke¬ feller were vigorous young men when the Civil war first erupted. But somehow they never got near the firing line. Not that they were technical slackers, of course—Carnegie himself was a clerk in the War department. It just happened that they perceived the trend of the industrial empire which was to re¬ sult from the bloody mass. And they preferred em¬ pire-building to blood-letting. Bo they stayed behind, Carnegie to build his steel plants, Rockefeller to pre-empt ore fields and con¬ solidate oil companies, Jay Cooke to finance the gov¬ ernment, and the fabulous railroad-builders to profit from the tolerance and obtuseness of the “bullet¬ headed generals.” That their prudence constituted a more perman¬ ent foundation for power than the valour of the gen¬ erals may be seen in the stock market quotations for today. The steel company which Carnegie found¬ ed is still a “market bellweather”; the Rockefeller interests make up a column in the quotations and his birthday is a national event. And the steer and oil magnates and others of their kind who have taken over the Carnegie and Rockefeller properties and principles are still, with lustre only slightly dimmed, the great voices of the country. They have been bellowing rather than commanding for. the past three years, it is true, but the chances are that next year or four years thereafter they will be reinstated on their thrones by the descendants of the bullet- headed generals and the bullet-headed privates who fought the Civil war. In this flowing of the streams of power there seems to be a discernible principle; but not one that will he approved by the mere ardent fiag-wavers. The reasonable conclusion is that war is splendid and profitable—for those who are able to remain behind the lines and reap the economic harvest fer¬ tilized, by bloodshed. The fate of those who work and shoot is somewhat more dubious. Lucky, they get promoted and enjoy ephemeral butterfly honors. Unlucky, they get killed to lie unremembered in cornfields through which pass the railroads and steel and oil acquired by empire-builders who gave the orders. Thus the profits of war at all times and in all places. This week we thrill at the historic exploits of Mussolini's sons who slaughtered Ethiopian na¬ tives from airships. Next year, who will remember their names? But Mr. Rockefeller rules his estates and his million employes, and libraries everywhere are honoring Andrew Carnegie. STARLING Sc/\A-aa. \\\> i% The Way To Kill fhe Tax Goose A NDREN&LCARNEGIE, born a hundred years ago, gave away $300,000,000 made in steel. W& made most of it before the idea in taxes \{as to “soak the rich.” He was against income Taxes and,favored governments taking theirs in the shape of inheritance taxes when a rich man died. \\ Carnegie^s argument was that income taxes impaired, by diminishment to the Extent of the amount jTkeh, the capital needed to keep a business' going.Most persons and national, state and Total /governments .have gone Car¬ negie one better-and we have- income and in¬ heritance taxes that are burdensome. Were Carnegie’s theory-of inheritance taxes exclusively today’s-law it might have disastrous results. Take the Ford wealth as an illustra¬ tion. If the major tax were an. inheritance tax and to apply when Ford passed on, what would happen ? The government would step in and demand its tax. % Much o^ the Fofd wealth* as with most busi¬ nesses; is not in cash or in other liquid form. Even surplus—material and: supplies—-is not easily transformed into cash, at times and in situations forced to raise taxes would go at far less than real value. That would , be impracti¬ cal, too, because industry could-not sell its sur¬ plus materials needed for its,1i.nished products unless it wanted to shut shop.*' " • In such circumstances tKe' Fofdjheirs .could perhaps offer the government. ; a ^vacant lot. The government couldn’t-use* it,, nor could jt use one or more-of the Ford-buildings or a slice of one. Yet the Ford estate would have to raise the money. Of course,, it could call in the auctioneer and sell the plant and equipment, but 100,000 workers receiving- a minimum of $7 a day would go. on the dole.. Are there not any other alternatives? Yes,, in. the case of Ford it might be possible to go to usurers or to Wall Street to borrow money. That would mean taking the Ford heritage and turning it over to financiers. They would take control through stocks and bonds and mort- | gages to back their cash loans. Instead of auto- | mobile makers financial wizards of ignorance, j as far as automobiles were concerned, would 1 run the works. Their concern would be finan¬ cial returns first and low-priced automobiles secondly. Would such a finish for individual ingenuity, thrift and honest building be fair, and what would happen from the standpoint of the indi¬ vidual and the public interest?. Business men other .than the Fords, smaller than the Fords, could not leave to their heirs any estates in many cases. The businesses they have set up would go,'fade out of the industrial picture altogether. What incentive would it be to acquire capital through work and thrift and put it into industry if later it were to be virtually confiscated by taxes. p I - Taxes, it is'recognized, are necessary. We have income and inheritance taxes today. They are at the peak now. If they go much higher the rate of taxes will dry up some of the sources of *tdxes. That will spread higher taxes to all regardless of their incomes or holdings. People who think the rich man alone will suffer if taxes go sky high make a serious mis¬ take. The rich man in this country doesn’t hoard his riches. He puts wealth into plants and equipment and jobs: Unreasonable income or'inheritance taxes, or- bbth, can destroy riches and wages. People who urge the government into extravagance like bonuses and similar expen¬ ditures, should remember that everything must be paid for, finally, out of taxes and that there is a limit to the production of taxes To kill the goose that lays the tax eggs is supreme folly. If taxes had eaten up the Carnegie millions there would riot have been $300,000,000 in benefactions, not to mention a steel business thaCgave'jobs and paid'wages to tens of thou¬ sands of men. F VAAxfcy ; C 9 f^ ( H\a<\ V “b? THE IRONMASTER WITH,.A VISION speaking world next Week will observe the o»e-hun^-fec|th anniversary of * Scotchman who became ' an American whose life constitutes -one of the real romances ot American /life— Andrew Car hligier n.: y ,, win of .school's’ the story arose^lro^Ni humble position o-i toil to uecotnc t% wealthiest of Ameftca’s. iron and steel raanu^ctiucivs; and "who elected to use his- money fori estabhshiiwBliP^Tii^ng Ubrarios:* . ! done like others.-^—left his money to scientific in 'fipld TiAlflk;' - _ establish^ He tl research li'shed u r'enl and colleg %iai.n field, or 'fields. He mi bus. foundation, e Mo', bright -have of. thc^W^'W fc* But Andretv, ChYnegie’'s- vision w,as-feQa' of these objectives—it included Pfo'ln if- vided for libraries, well stocked %4 vm a community has a well directed atiS “"prbpeH it has an entrance into all, the 1 , sciences; '-in fjll arts, education, religion, within the ' covers Wi In .addition to these .there' ii ■entertainment 'bf a wholesome sort, a place of relaxation, a haven from the., world’s -an¬ noy ances at least for a -brief period. I \ .Truly the vision and the wise' munificence of Andrew i Urnegie has greatly blessed many people.—Fredrick Leader. . -,estal bis j : ; ) I o. j all | y.Tro- Whc.n;. library,: philosophy,i its;' volumes. ; ' 1 series of four broadcasts as part of the celehration of the hun- dreth anniversary of A ndrew .Carne gie's • birth will begin on WJZ-NBC at 10 o’clock. The first program,^by^se of the drama, wffl depict the early Iff e, of the. industrial leader. . . VA- Frank; Smaon$’ band, which last year, had a! Sunday eyeniug series coming back, hut for night concerts on WJZ-NBC on WEAEf , at 10-:3p."v;f the birth, of that great •otland, Andrew Carnegie, whe v-fTf' the few men wh n-tove immor- j talizeS^tMEhseives by the wise use of i money. | . Nobody knows how many hundreds f millions Carnegie gave away, but; wherever he gave, he put the name; Carnegie on the; library, the church,: the school. That name Will endure In American; public life for some hundreds of years. New generations of : school children during the life of . this republic will learn about the penniless boy who came to Ameripa with nothing but a great ambition and a fine courage and became the outstanding salesman of his country. t* Some people would like to see the time come when a man could not hope to r get together the fabulous fortune of a Carnegie, a, Ford, a Morgan or a' Rbckef eller, thinking that all profits should be divided with the worker When the plant is Small. We wonder whether any govern¬ ment has ever dispensed millions for the ’public good with the intelligence of a Carnegie or a Rockefeller and we hope that the future, will increase the number of shrewd men who can multiply money for the promotion of the general welfa.re. lib ■ *■-— Jo & ^JL C^ccCl c "7 3 > / ?»' With Other Editors Than Ours ' Carnegie Centenary (‘Gosfien News-Times) The public library nowadays is so frequently taken as a matter of course that we are likely to forget the important part played by An¬ drew Carnegie in starting the li¬ brary movement in this country. This year marks the hundredth an¬ niversary of Carnegie’s birth, and the occasion makes it an appro¬ priate - time to recall some of the great steel man’s benefactions. Few persons will remember, for instance, that in Carnegie’s library gifts, Indiana fared better than any other state in the Union. All of us know of course that one of the 164 libraries built in Indiana is located in Goshen. Carnegie built a total of 1,946 public libraries, and after Indiana, California received the largest number with 142. Illinois and New York were third, with 106 each; Ohio fourth with 104, and Iowa got 101. In addition: to the public libraries in Indiana Carnegie built two college libraries, at De- Pauw" find Earlham, and provided endowments for libraries at 1 Notre Dame, Wabash, Butler and Moores Hill. J SThen Carnegie began his library irk there' were few public li¬ braries in the United States. : To¬ day nearly every city and town of any size has one. kitchen as the normal scene;’, of ji their activities. When the question! was asked how the love of a hus-j band was to be retained, the an¬ swer was, “Feed the brute.” Many, women today still take, pride in their ability to turn raw food into nectar fit for the gods. But as a rule, the young woman of today does not like the kitchen. Messing with pots and pans goes against her modern nature. If she’ has gifts of any kind, the kitchen does not seem the scene in which those* gifts, can be developed. If she longs for mar¬ riage, the kitchen doesn’t seem the place where sne will find her mate. These feelings are normal and should pot be. - condemned. Still, human welfare depends on the kitchen. If it doesn’t function right, life is crippled. Vcl/ sharply critical^oTthe New Deal's should be discussed upon such ar' * the would be out of the d" t , pay » ^ * 1 career of Andrew jessed! the chief critic lyes from Richmond. pleasing- to sonfe -oi -Cy vv\«}Vvu :UR PUBLIC LIBRARY IS A CARNEGIE INSTITUTION V ; } f^ext week the Willmar Public Library, Miss Amy Hlanscom, li¬ brarian, will join with other librar¬ ies all over the world in celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, not¬ ed philanthropist and steel magnate who gave nearly $65,000,000 to build endow or equip almost 3,000 librar¬ ies. Besides the libraries Andrew Car¬ negie founded the Carnegie Insti¬ tute of Technology at Pittsburgh, Pa., at which institution 1 'Horace F. Spencer received his war training, the life and philanthropies of An¬ drew Carnegie thus being of double interest to us. The life and scenes of Andrew Carnegie’s life are depicted else¬ where. “Andrew Carnegie’s p • Andre^.^Camegi^’s hundredth birthday j anniversary wits observed by—tiT^T^rnegie library here, Monday, tay“ the hanging of a Keaufiful portrait of the philanthropist who made the building here possible. It was in 1904- that he presented the city with the .H2.500 which was used in the construction. Carnegie’s Scotch training made him, un¬ derstand full well the folly hi leaving money to individuals* A staunc^bejiever in educa¬ tion, he visioned the tremendous influence which the public library wields,-and proceed¬ ed to build libraries all oyb^ ihe land. He spent millions';; in this Had he di¬ vided this money among the people of the United States, it is estimated'that the share for everyone would have been $3. However, the gift as he made it represented several hundred dollars in education, enjoyment and profitable recreation to every person. “ ;A library opens up a vast treasure house of knowledge and enjoyment to the user, whereas, cash money is of little value unless spent properly. It is estimated that twenty- five million people avail themselves of Car¬ negie libraries every year, and that is a mon¬ ument which would be hard to equal at an|r $J%e. / 'as .'\S& The Santa Claus of Libraries soeciarS in - th ® Blooaiiu «toa and many other libraries o , 1 m em . bear i ng 011 t^e.yCentg^a^. anniversary of the birth o memSSrViT ° f a J ' amous Am « rica * citizen whos< memory is cherished for uhi^W’ htason^. Mr Carnegie.''who made.nviihons in the steel industry, said that il was a disgrace iu V tli< mg tf'dn rich. He ,tried to carry out his belie; m his own cave by giving his lifetime great sums of monej fox various pul,he educatiodalldMifuiiom. One.such is Science hall on the campus of Illinois Wosioyarfhmh ersity, which was built largely with funds from the Carnegie- fbundatin. ‘ - '.‘ Mr. Carnegcy social peTs were library £ His money helped to finance scores of i-isliimions in towns ail over the country, large and small. It is estimated that his total gills for Wh use we^ over mxty-five million dollars.' Pattons ^ C|rnfee%lt libraries will total thirty-five million people.. His benefactions have' benefited perhaps as many persons as those of any other man who achieved great wealth iu the clays of “rugged individualism,” when it was thought such achieve¬ ment carried no odium, such as certain theorists wouid lead us to be¬ lieve today. Fairmont public library is jifg the 100th anniversary of fte birth pf Andrew Carnegie, who. # f 6uM» _ rrrfiTOy of posters may be seen in the lobby, and in the main room a reproduction of an oil painting of the ironmaster has been hung. The library announces receipt of a new supply of books for children, which so interested grade school pupils that they Visited the children’s room in a body. r- \%Av Had Andrew Carnegie lived until last Monday, he would have been 100;;, -, ! years old and all over the country ■ ; the centenary was celebrated and Mr. i Carnegie memorialized as among .the HR greatest of philanthropists. Which was deserved, too, for he gave nme-M tenths of his colossal fortune for the| :» uplift of his fellow-men, his benef-j J icences taking the form of P ubllc |M libraries in nearly every important, city in the land, besides benefactions| along various other lines. But we, are old enough, to remember when Mr, Carnegie was the most abused man f in the country. He had started on nothing, true-but he had succeeded); and made and saved a lot of money-j It mattered not to his defamers tha | thousands of others had prospered J with him, that other men had grown. wealthy hanging to the coattails o the canny Scot and that countless thousands had found livelihood and, opportunity because of him. We wonder if there are today other men / of success and wealth who are the , I targets for calumny, largely instigated; by petty politicians, who will, be the 1 heroes—the “great philanthropists - 1/ |of tomorrow? AVAXMic/tXV, i Carnegie and the Library- To the Editor of "The Tribune: Andrew Carnegie, • whose one- hundredth hirthtte^' is being cele¬ brated in the public^ libraries of America today, believed' that the greatest good to the public came first through universities, second through '* free ./public libraries, third through hospitals and medical laboratories an^t /fourth through public parks. In this way'-he di¬ vided the values, into .four kinds: Mental growth, social growth, physical health and recreation. It is significant that hb gave most of his; money to the .libraries. He said/, about them that they did for the individual what the schools did, and /that they did it throughout his life time. : On this ofie-hunijrpdth anniver¬ sary ,, of the birth of the greatest philanthropist; who ever lived, it is worth while, remarking that the Minneapolis public library is adding one important. function this year. It is making itself the' center of a network of public lectures and for¬ ums presented by . the most able men. in the vicinity and offered free of charge to the public. No subjects are barred and ho discus¬ sion is stifled. Frpm science to so¬ cial development; fr.om the frog to man; from , talks for children to research into. modern philosophy, the library is pushing its gift of information and knowledge. What better agency could’ there be than one which has no concern with doc¬ trines and' seeks only: to spread light? What' better' agency could Andrew Carnegie have chosen for the spending of $65,000,000?. What better person than ^tiss Gratia A. Countryman, to head a/ .city-wide forum! How like Andrew Carnegie she is in her forcefulness, her hearty outlook, her genial friendliness, her familiarity with people > in all walks of life, her: readiness to throw herself into one: viewpoint and .then another with! j whole-hearted sympathy. Carnegie, j | the lavish spender of millions, for; I the public good! Gratia, Country- j man, the lavish spender of tireles* | physical and mental effort in every (public enterprise that calls to her! c. l. s. : V\ ©va Vc-rv Carnegie —Benefactions Remembered Special to The Christian Science Monitor PITTSBURGH—The centenary of Andrew C a rn g&s& .birth, coming to a world greatly troubled" by disparities in wealth, evoked that most disarming of memories today—a man who converted much of his profits to the common good. V V V-\tCvktJV VI YY Had Andrew Carnegie lived | until last Monday, he would have been 100 years old and all over | the country the centenary was celebrated and Mr. Carnegie memorialized as among the great |est of philanthropists. Which /was deserved, too, for he gave nine-tenths of his colossal for¬ tune for the uplift of his fellow men, his beneficences taking tin form of public libraries in nearly every important city in the lane besides benefactions along var¬ ious other lines. But we are old enough to remember when Mr, Carnegie was the most abused man in the country. He hat started on nothing, true, but ht had succeeded and made and saved a lot of money. \.v,a \k/vwo^ - n \v • v\XvV>.> Celebration of Andrew Carnfi°Je’s centennial yesterday by the cfiyliS? Citj : Club ’ s pIans to observe Mark Twam s centehhial tonight, re- ails the part both of these famous men played in founding and support¬ ing the library in Redding, Conn _ Before Mark Twain,/died in Redding M m 1910 he resolved to give his large i collection of books to the town as the nucleus of a public library. Rooms F were fitted up with, shaves and oth^r appurtenances, thtfjbooks stacked and I r! u 8 '^ ed a ri ' eat ' librar - v was the I result. Mr. Clemen’s portrait, painted { m Dublin, N. H„ adorned one end of the principal rqpm and the library was named for him. | . • Bat he] r> tbe modest undertaking I in that small community, an appeal P-! was made by'the library trustees to,® Andrew Carnegie, whose generous fig help along such lines had become il proverbial. Carnegie donated a sub- If stantial sum annually until his death ■ and since that time a similar amount « has been given by the' Ca meos f. dation. Carnegie, it will be recalled IH gave $200,000 to the Springfield public H library. ° \\\0& V-ib Dr Conant On Research The view, not infrequently ex¬ pressed of late, that brakes should be put on scientific research) was strongly opposed by Dr James B. Conant, president of Harvard uni¬ versity, in his address in New York Wednesday at the centenary cele¬ bration of Andrew Carnegie’s birth¬ day. He thoug^r**ffi§awiis view was a product of “the present sad ‘years” and would disappear with brightening skies. He predicted that the next 25 years in American history will tell whether intellec¬ tual freedom, and progress, will be continued or halted in this, coun¬ try, but he may have meaht merely that the next 25 years will be criti¬ cal; in so short a period a very long future could not be deter¬ mined. Fear of the consequences of too rapid an advancement of knowledge does not necessarily imply hostility to science; probably it arises more frequently from doubt of the ability of society to digest so much new knowledge, particularly of. kinds that cause great changes .in tech¬ nology. This 1 ’ ineludes tire ? tech¬ nology of war, which |as : been made far more deadly and destruc¬ tive by the inventions of recent dec¬ ades. A quarter of a century ago it could be argued that this very development of the machinery of war was fast making war impos¬ sible, but few nowadays would ven¬ ture on this defense of the dark¬ est side of scientific progress. Even without regard to the deepening shadow of war many people have seriously doubted j whether the social and economic fabric could indefinitely stand the terrific acceleration imposed on it b,y the technological changes re- j suiting from extensive and sys¬ tematic research. Periodical smashes and enforced idleness for millions of workers, they have argued, are inevitable unless diange can be slowed down to a more manage¬ able rate. Such “scientific plan¬ ning” has been advocated, but Dr Conant rejects the idea, holding that it would mean dispensing-with “exceptional men, free to do what ‘they want in their laboratories and ‘free to write what they want in ‘their libraries.” It is indeed difficult to reconcile control of any sort with the ideal freedom of the scientific worker, yet in one way or another the prob¬ lem of disposing harmlessly of an excess of new knowledge will have to be solved. Having opposed the fixing of any ’speed limit, Dr Co¬ nant might on another occasion suggest how the acceleration of research can be made less danger¬ ous to the civilization that make* research possible. V\y a? \ a V' BENEFICENCE TO END? Centenary, of -the birth of Andrew Ca rnegi e, whose beneficences; dqf and enrich the land, has been made" occa¬ sion for debate on 'the futifr^ of great wealth. Has the United <6ta'tes ',s&m the last' of . - fortunes, /as /great. / as Camegiete? • - v If we isceft' |th$ /last . ofh.them, what doeii th^'i/iitUf«^ic>lc] for’ private endowments^ How much poorer the lanuy^ ^^ ^ 1 today with¬ out the . i ts, of VreU^Voalth is ,-appar- eni, to any one whfe-:;#ill look- arpund at endowed libraries,/' *%tools, univers¬ ities, " consemtor.^^^^itifie bodies. These make .our livS-trieher, happier, safer.' Wealth/ that was saved by the few. has been ' diverted .most richly ;. to the many. ■■ New tax trends are. ing great wealth. ..Lo^slators/ at .;^fu prompting . of vot^R.^'^Ve - b'ecbme suspicious of large, personal: fortqftibs. i ‘Sfe part centralized \yealth played in! the financial debacle of 1929 has made! people suspect the power of centralized wealth. In speaking of the consequences to be .expected of ,the present trend in taxation, Douglas Southall, Freeman made; the’ following observations during an .address concerning Carnegie’s bene-1 1 factions[ • lit must be plain tb' thoughtful men that if federal appropriations continue.; to ,.be set at staggering figures in the, expectation of large; revenues from the; estates ' of the vici*, the exhaustion of those .estates will .-fiot 'mean 'a reduc¬ tion of the cost of- gbvernment but a widening of the bracket of taxation. “The destruction of the wealth of any class is an invitation to assail the wealth of those who have a little less, and'then of those who . have still less. “I do ..not thitik, however, that the average. citizen will.' accept- the argu¬ ment . that , the estates-tax clause of the act of 1935 was necessary to deprive a few great families of undue economic power. . . . Fortunes have been kept in America., in a few instances for three generation^; but great industrial power has not been.” The centralized power that makes it necessary for governments to tax great fortunes to exhaustion is more to be feared than the power which such fortunes exercise. Even if great, wealth is manipulated unscrupulously, its very manipulation m\Xs( cause it to be used productively, thus adding tp the com¬ mon wealth of. the; 'nation in which many people share directly: Wealth that is'appropriated through taxes only gpes to'swell governmental. spending. Great prbportionS’of it -are eaten up in bureaucratic' manipulation, which produces nothing but more lavish spending. »../■ - If we listen to demagogues who say we can solve our tax problems by con¬ fiscating wealth, we may end by pay¬ ing those same demagogues out of our own skimpy incomes, and at the, same time be- deprived of the benefits' the wealth would have brought, us. Selfishly, we may be deluded by the | golden promise of tax-confiscated J wealth. For national preservation we | must leave disposition of earnings to the individual,: beyond the barely j necessary taxes for operating the ad- ; ministrative machinery of government., 1 —. \bs iwn w r*" /\ ANDY’S PORTRAITS. THEY’VE been. celebraii-Hg Old Andy’s birthday all over the American map re¬ cently, unveiling 2,000 portraits of him in t he libr aries and dedicating radio and thea- te]Tp^ramTW1M''Eittle Scotch Steelmas- : ter. ■ | fafet After reading the facts of Andrew Car-, negie’s life, particularly with regard to how j he "managed some of his partners, man- J handled his unsuspecting competitors and: even slipped something over on J. P. Morgan jj I, it is difficult to endow the Canny Scotl with a halo any bigger than enough to cov-J er his head. v, Mr. Carnegie gave away libraries (always J stipulating that the beneficiaries should bind I themselves to annually spend 10 per cent of I the cost to maintain them!) so some 2,000 j American communities have been honoring | him for making it necessary for those mu- j nicipalities ta assess taxes in his honor. | Our own community, for the benefit of j those who do not know, also has a public j library, but it is .no Carnegie gift. Strange j as it seems, somebody in our community | along about the turn of the century saw no j great good in tying up with Andy and his benefactions. We built our own book-warehouse, we buy our own books—such as they are—and i manage pretty well to get along without the Carnegie Foundation. So we haven’t been able to sponsor any Carnegie pieture-uhveil- ings this year, thus missing a rare opportun¬ ity to be standardized. \^ c 0\^ ARNEGI I To commemorate the lOOtTT’Sffii- versary of the birth of Andrew Car¬ negie, a reproduction of Louis Mora’s portrait of Mr. Carnegie- -will be hung in each of the 21 branches of the Brooklyn Public Library Mon¬ day, it was announced today by Mil- ton J. Ferguson, chief librarian. .The steel magnate was one of the prin¬ cipal benefactors of the Brooklyn Public Library system. VT ^ bOES INDUSTRY HAVE a soul? It depends on who is at the head of that in¬ dustry. No one could have said that An¬ drew" Carnegie during the years that he was head of the steel industry did not have a soul in more ways than one. No one can say today that men like Henry Ford and others, who have had a heart for their em- iiployees and have donated millions of dol¬ lars to worthy and needy enterprises, do not have a soul. That is the commendable thing about American industrial life. The above is not true of all industrialists, but when we have separated the good from the bad, we will find much good in them. \V^vV. V \w\ 3 s OUR CARNEGIE LIBRARY. IN honor of the late Andrew Carnegie, who gav$ the money for the erection of the Lincoln Public Library building, a portrait of Mr. Carnegie will be hung m the library during the celebration of the Carnegie centennial, which will be ob¬ served throughout the United States November 25 to 27. Elsewhere in today’s Courier appears a reproduction of this portrait by which Lincoln will honor the memory of its benefactor. While Mr. Carnegie gave the gilt that made possible the handsome library building that has become the permanent home of the Lincoln Library Association, it was the civic interest and public devo¬ tion of many of our local citizens who made the free library possible. The Lincoln Library Association was formed as early as 1874 and anpng its substantial benefactors were tie late Judge Stephen A. Foley, Mrs. Louise Scully and others, as well as a tog list of citizens who have served tirelisly on the library boards. . Through the far-sighted pocy of Mayor W. O. Jones and the cityiouncil ill IVUI a gift of $25,000 was obtained from Andrew Carnegie for erection of the library building* formerly housed in the city hall. The city undertook to provide for the support and maintenance of the library, which has grown into one of the finest that can be found in a city of this size. Miss Ida Webster, who has been librarian since 1894, the year before the library was transferred to the City of Lincoln, has been indefatigable in her service to the public. It will be her happy duty to hang the portrait during the Car¬ negie centennial, and it will remain on the walls of the library as a testimonial to a community benefactor as well as to the efforts of our public spirited citizens who made the library possible. Today is the 100th birthday anniversary of Andrew; . I jggmegie, who .was bom in Scotland, came to Amer* V; oa as a poor boy at the age of 13, and became one of | I he world’s richest men and greatest philanthropists.; ^ 7rom the fortune he amassed as a steel manufacturer !■ >e founded the Carnegie Corporation of. New Yovs.l | I For the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and: ^ Lmdei’standing among the people of the United States”; ® | he Carhfegie Endowment for International peace, || which he originally endowed'with $10,000,000; the ^ al “j »| I negie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, I I also endowed with $1(1,000,000; the . Carnegie Hero Wj I Fund, Foundation, with $5,000,000 endowment; the|g | Carnegie Instituteof Technology, with an original fg endowment of one million,, but increased from tim~ | pj i to time a total’ of, 26 millions; the Carnegie Insti- j | | tute of Washington, ta encourage .investigation, re- < | I search ; and discovery, to Which he contributed in ail m 122, million dollars; besides many millions for the | I founding of public! libraries and mfrny other philan- i d I thropies. He began work as a cotto^weavei-’s assistant Ij 1 for little more than a dollar -a week v At 14 he be- | | came 1 a messenger boy for a telegraph company, learn- led telegraphy and became a telegi'apb/Operator and jg isuperintendent of the .Pittsburgh (Division. , The be- i ( | 1 ginning of his fortune was made by wise investments 3 in oil lands in- Pennsylvania, and during the Civil w j| I he rendered valuable service to the War Department j I as superintendent of military railroads and govern- | mentment telegraph lines.. After the war he engaged g I in the manufacture of iron and steel and introduced !■ | the Bessemer process -of making steel in the United i I States. In 1912 alone his donations to various causes 1 I amounted to $130,403,000, .after which only $25,000,000 | Hof his.once huge fortune remained. Carhegie died in || '1919, at the age of 84. Mark CTarnegie Centenary j The one-hundredth anniversary 1 of the birth of Andrew Carnegie! on Monday, Nov. 25, will be com¬ memorated in. the Brooklyn public 1 ; Library system by the hanging of! a reproduction of Louis Mora’s;; portrait of Mr. Carnegie in each; of the 21 Carnegie Library; branches in the borough, accord-! ink to an announcement made by ! A/Tilfnn _T TpArr/ncm") CARNEGIE TAX LESSON. For the whd|e of his-long life, Andrew Carnegie . lived under a‘ laiss'ez faire cap¬ italism which set no limit to .the wealth a man might acquire or to the - industrial ppwer he might exercise so long as he kept within' : Ia,ws conceived and enforced in the spirit of the American Bill of Rights. Now, in the year-that rounds the century of" Andrew Carnegie, we are faced with the new theory that no matter how wisely a w man may use both wealth and power, it is in the public interest to set limits to his wealth by means of taxation, lest his power be used to the hurt,'of his fellow-citizens. Thus in 193;5. separated from 1835 by some¬ thing besides-a luridred ye^rs-.'The revolu¬ tion expressed ifi the new federal Tax Law gives a special significance to the centenary of Andrew Carnegie. DOUGLAS S. FREEMAN. ' An'-' If Wealth Were “Shared. pOU*®' f °' ^e^Sly^^n the assump- tijere are several, are usu * ? and not shared, tien that wealth l9 ^ P anent iy richer and that the few are grow gP ^ ^ many de - the many P erm ^ e ^ taver from the improved riving no benefit wfc nm ig false . There position erf: the e J ^ t ion, hut where real wealth are net he* Ion* in ohe °‘ "ax there » “"ho^»"eI the birth ot Andreg Cei^gie , ^ other economic not have been m lived. Carnegie, it is system, than bulk oI his great true, made outright gifts die re i a tively | wealth, and achieved fortunes which [ a Poor man ^^fceteUers, whose —’.r evciy quarter of the world. contributions to Henry Ford, it .smA^sno^ ^ ^ ^ philanthropic causes, but ba3 not be en of building up of ins■“O™ had dcniea himself pro- general social value. coU i d have made i "^"day wage^but = uld lions. aVinrers demand that great In general the wealth h excess dis trihuted fortunes be broken ^ ^ advocate of that among those who permitted wealth . plan always places th. . * P ^ ^ ; considerably higher rece i V e, not to give. Let possessions. He expects to re^ ^ ^ ^ that be done, and there ^ poor> and again There will still be the redistribut ion, with a there will be a dem general average is continual scaling down until a ge reached. indolent and dissolute Under such a plan and the process would always be short w ith industry I of redivision would > i ^ ^ elements that go W During the week of Dec. 1 an un- A usual anniversary will be celebrat- : cd in the Ames public library. This 3 is the 400th year since the Bible was first translated and printed in English. The library is planning a 1 display of old Bibles to be gathered 1 from those in the community who \ are willing to lend them, with the promise! that they will be safety | kept andv returned in good condi-1 'tion. Those who have old or ether-' * wise interesting Bibles are asked to notify the library or any of the ministers of Ames. Further plans for the Celebration will be announc¬ ed later. The library is the richer for sev¬ eral fine' gifts made during the past few weeks. A map made by Mrs. Pelzer of Iowa City has been plac¬ ed in the library by; the Sun Dial Chapter of the D. A. R. A fine por¬ trait of Andrew Carnegie has re-, cently bseh presenteJrH^the Car¬ negie; corporation. Most useful and valuable is the gift of an anonym¬ ous person, “A Graduate of Yale," who has given the library a group of rare and expensive books valued at about $60. This same person has j also made arrangements whereby the library will acquire a set oi I “The Pageant of America," pub- | lished by the ,, Yale University Press, at a greatly reduced rate, These things not only show that | the curtain, of hard times is lifting, || ! but they show a very fine spirit ac- Portrait of Carnegie Given to Nyack Library A portrait of An drew . Carne gie, the centenary of whdsb birthday is being observed, has been pre¬ sented by the CarnegieCmjpra tion of New* York City toThe Ny¬ ack Library and is on exhibi¬ tion there. It has not been permanentlv placed. A portrait of Mr. Carnegie was presented by the Carnegie Corporation to each of the Carnegie libraries in ob- :• servation of his birthday'. Posters containing quotations from his writings have also been sent to the Nyack Library and the other Carnegie libraries. They have been placed about the room. Miss Helen Powell, librarian at the Nyack Library, gave a talk at the Library Street school. Ny¬ ack, last- week in observation of National Book Week, and left one of the posters on education there. Mr^ Carnegie urged the spending of as 'much money as possible on eduparon. One of the most effective of the posters is that on world peace, showing crosses on a hillside, and with an excerpt from Mr. Car¬ negie’s writings calling the killing of man by man one of the foulest Slots on human society. \ /'\ L-M^-3 CENTENARY PROGRAM AT CARNEGIE LIBRARY -. | —0— The splendid program given at the local library on the evening of November 25; in honor of the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, was delightfully received by a large group of people. The musical numbers were much enjoyed, as were the fine talks of the evening. Especially good was the sketch toy the childrens group. The increasing interest in the; library and its work is noticed 1 , as signified by this fine atten¬ dance. We should fully avail ourselves of the splendid oppor¬ tunity thus afforded toy enjoying the advantages of our local libra- rv A juL—«-, \ (. y • "\\\\v> Carnegie To Be Honored Birthday Observance Planned for Week of Nov. 25 Preparations have been completed in several hundred communities and many colleges and universities for observances during the week, of November 25 of Andrew Carnegie’s birthday centenary, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, 582 Fifth Avenue,-'announced yesterday. The corporation is one of six philan¬ thropic organizations established by Mr. Carnegie. A. new portrait of Andrew Car¬ negie will be unveiled in two thou¬ sand libraries which have already received it from the Carnegie Cor¬ poration. It is a reproduction of a painting by Luis Mora, selected by the Carnegie Centenary Committee. Sixty-nine libraries have received the picture in New York City. There are critics who >' Sure think that Mark Twain was j It Was not always at the top of his Twain? form, and they cite the ; Andrew Qjimegie anecdote. | Somebody is supposed to nave made a remark ,about Mr. Carnegie’s tainted money in Mark Train’s presence, and j the‘humorist replied quick as a flash— j no, no,.;th^t is a mistake, Mark Twain •never sgqk$. quick as a flash, he always drawled—abd the humqrist replied, with Ijiis inimi.tqb^ drawl,' “That's right, ’tain’t mirife v aiidytain’t yours.’’ Some people think this- Mark Twain riposte wasn’t so hot, and we may well agree. Bht'\yhat makes people think that Mark; Twain ever said it? The | mere fact {hat Sofnebody recalls hearing : Mark Twain make that joke means very ] little in such'matters., People remem- 1 her the most extraordinary things, even i about themselves. ‘The other day' George Ade |,old. the story about how | Will Rogers 'went to a - fashionable party and-was asked toft entertain the guests, and sent a bill, for services fen- ! dered. That story has been told about i half a dozen famous- men. It has been j told about Chaliapin and Heifetz and | probably Edwin Booth; and SAkAH Bern- f hardt, arid, very likely, would have been j told about Shakespeare and Queen | Elizabeth if it had b.eefi the custom then for strolling players*to mingle in ! high society. jblc ■ , On the twenty-fifth of November the people of the United States, Scotland and the British, dominions will be. thinking a great deal about Andrew'Cayne'gie, ’ for .that will'be the cen¬ tenary of his birth. A rising generation which missed the news of that pioneer philanthropist’s Activities will be interested in the story which will come to it as some new and fascinating tale through the daily press a week or so hence. And that generation is Certain to have, a great deal of respect for the boy who' was born in a weaver’s cottage at Dunfermline in 1835; Came to America in a-whaling schooner in 1848; became- a messenger boy in Pittsburgh and got his beginnings of book knowledge in-a free library. It will read With interest hoW' he established the Bessemer process in the American steel industry and how in later years, j, remembering that he had been jgiven his bwn first real chance j by a free library, he began with'Dunfermline and built 2,811 ^ JibrnDcs throughout'the English-speaking world. ‘ He saw, or thought he saw, that ttlotiey was important only { in .the ratio of good which it .might do, and so in his later | years he gave away $350,000,000 ; through the establishment of j trusts, foundations and other benefactions. -Even as the early | part of his life had been employed in the gigantic task of j amassing his wealth, he found that the distribution of it in later j years was an even greater job. There were times.; when he was : afraid he wouldn’t finish his task before he came to the end] of his days. He lived in accordance with his~ own philosophy as best expressed by his favorite poet, Robert Burns, “Thine own reproach alone do fear,” a good enough philosophy for anv man. —. -- 21 / \vVo V\o The hundredth anniversary of the ; birth of Andre w Cabx egie is cele¬ brated todayj bdt-th'ere is no great need for much formality; the iron¬ master has thousands of monu¬ ments here in the shape of free libraries and church organs. Of- i perhaps greater importance are his | endowed institutes for scientific re¬ search and the advancement of j teaching. Andrew Carnegie’s Birthday Is Noted Throughout World One hundred years ago on Novem* her 25, 1835, Andrew Carnegie iwa-f | horn in a modest weaver’s cottage at DernfermKn, Scotland. Today, all | over the world 1 the name of Andrew I Carnegie has become known because l of bis benefactions to mankind. At? | the age of thirteen years the Car-; | negie family emigrated! to America* | where as a boy he found employment | 0 f various sorts which finally brought; 1 him to the manufacture of steel,, ] from which he amassed his great i fortune. Mr. Carnegie felt his fortune was |a trust held for the benefit of man- I kind; as such the Carnegie Founda- 1 tion distributed the wealth to his various phiianthrophies conscious of | the fact that through the libraries he was able to get in contact with the j greaest number of people. Mr. Car- J | n egie built libraries m all parts of the j | world. i ■ - 1:1 < ■ *■ 1 ••! gaugerties is the proud possessor of one which was built in 19*15 and which filled a long felt want and is a constant reminder of the generosity of Mr,. Carnegie. N - In commemoration of the Carnegie centennial the Saugerties Public Library has received a splendid por¬ trait of Mr. Carnegie which will he greatly appreciated by the commu- i Vntv. CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL'” Centennial on Monday; The /A birth of Andrew ' Carnegie in Dun- | fermline, Scotland. The Scotch- ! born U. S. steel magnate will be : honored in Washington at the Pan American Union for his efforts on Pan-American amity. Elsewhere, his philanthropy will be widely re- ' membered. vf\,y 0 ' EXCEPTIONAL MEN. President Conant’s speech at the ' dinner given by the Carnegie Corpora¬ tion made skillful use of Andrew Car- | negie-’S expressed purpose in the foun- j dation of the Carnegie Institution, to seek the exceptional man and never to interfere with his freedom of action. That principle applies not only to busi¬ ness and philanthropy but to all human affairs. What is to he thought of the theory that there should be a halt, a breathing spell in the pursuit of scientific knowledge? Has there been such a flood of it in recent years that the moral faculties would be sub¬ merged ? Must the economy of scarcity make science its subject and victim; must there be a planned and managed science ? No, said Dr. Conant in effect. The advancement of knowledge must con¬ tinue with undiminished energy and courage. Fear must not hold back intelligence. “ Exceptional men ” must be “ free to do what they want in their “laboratories and free to write what “ they want in their libraries.” Dr. CONANT'S proposed national scholar¬ ships and new university professor¬ ships are another manifestation of the search for exceptional men. The brick- and-stone age is past. The beneficence of givers to American universities,, pro¬ vided that generous race doesn’t have its spine broken by taxes not for j revenue but for the destruction of ; “ wealth,” may be more profitably di¬ rected to the discovery and use of the j best brains. Efforts to find genius may often fail, ; but will always be worth making, f Often it arises in unexpected places, escapes the academic net, develops in strange ways, almost, it might be said, according to some law or instinct of its own being. Colleges and universities are more eager for it, more hospitable to it, doubtless less near-sighted than they have sometimes been when it was right under their noses. Take Charles Sanders Peirce, for example. As a Harvard undergraduate his rank for the four years was seventy-first out of ninety-one; in his senior year seventy- ninth. Suppose he hadn’t been the son of a famous mathematician. Would the dons of the Fifties have discovered his merits? Take Willard Gibbs at Yale. He won prizes in college. He too was a scholar’s son. Professor of Mathe¬ matical Physics at Yale, he got a world¬ wide fame by his writings, but didn’t attract students. He said that in the whole period of his professorship only some half dozen students were fit to take his courses. This, we may say now, was all to the good. We should j perhaps admire him even more if he had had but one student. One has a cer¬ tain malicious pleasure in recalling that Charles Peirce, whose post¬ humous fame is so great, applied to the Carnegie Fund for help in getting his works published. His application was rejected, says Dictionary of Amer¬ ican Biography, “ the official reason “ being that logic was outside the scope . “of the Fund, not being a ‘natural “ science.’ ” Birds of this sort are of the rarest. When caught, good care should be taken of them. At Cambridge they wifi be sure of it if Dr. CONANT gets the money for his scholarships and professorships. L / No Carnegie Service. We fib* City, apparently unenthiised , jver Andrew Car negie, has as yet | announced no program, celebration, )r party in celebration of the library j river’s iO 0th birth anniversary,, though other cities and towns thro- out the nation are doing so. The library board here has -taken no act¬ ion. A painting of Carnegie and-a: number of special Carnegie philoso¬ phy posters' have been received, at the library here. The picture has; aeen hung in the library. “ On Monday, November 25th, the Al¬ bany Carnegie library joined with ot|fe$\ libraries all over the world in celebrating the 100th birt hday anniver¬ sary of Andrew CarnegieTnSted philan¬ thropist and steeTTmrgnate, who gave millions of dollars in benefactions among them being the establishment of thousands of libraries, in which number is included the one in —Albany Ledger. in which in Albany, f CafflBfTeTDistributor "'lSHcKew”t5iffi68f6, ' -whose- • birth a century ago is being celebrated-this. week both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but h profoundly wise distributor Of millions. j ' VjSefore he was 75 the oldl ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 million of the dollars he picked up so easily over here. He kept only 15 millions, which proved ample. His benefactions in libraries and in health, scientific and peace foundations “grubstaked. 1 a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of learning” ! and understanding. They will bear fruit in a more • civilized humanity for generations to come. j Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other | multi-millionaires it might not have been necessary for the Government how to take measures for sowing the national wealth more widely. In a country where multi-millionaires have ceased to be a novelty, the . Carnegies. Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare. Too many of the Very rich took all their sav¬ ings and reinvested them in their own plants, in an | effort to make more money or for want of any idea j of what to do with their excess. That is one reason j why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant so overbuilt that one-fifth, of it was loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy what; it did turn out. , ■ . As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged m-,} dividualist, but as a spender he was a social-minded f and broad-visioned humanist.—Birmingham — ----- *B**"*~~-*~*---'~ -- - -- - -- - 4vw< W- Carnegie and the Library. To .iJiMmJti ihfrr >**P '’Pfr.i : ■ew Carnegie, whoj hundredfitoJjirthday is being ci brated/m the public libraries Joday, believed that the to the public came ugh universities, second free public libraries, iugh hospitals and medical laboratcfrl^r- Sna fourth,.- through public parks. In this way he di¬ vided the values into four kinds: Mental growth, social growth, physical health and recreation. It is significant that he gave most of his money to the libraries. He said about them that they did for the individual what therapfools did, I that they %id itrw&ughout his life time. On this one-hundredth anniver¬ sary of the birth of the greatest philanthropist who ever lived, it is worth while remarking that the Minneapolis public library is adding one important function this year. It is making itself the center of a network of public lectures and for¬ ums presented by the most able men in the vicinity and offered free of charge to the public. No subjects are barred and no discus¬ sion is stifled. From science to so¬ cial development; from the frog to man; from talks for children to research into modern philosophy, the library is pushing its gift of information and knowledge. What better agency’ .could there be than one which has no concern; with doc¬ trines and seeks , only to- spread light? What better agency could Andrew Camegid, have chosen for the spending of *165,000,000? What better roei'son than Miss J-ratia A. Counirymcn,. to head a |ity-wide forum! How like Andrew Carnegie she is in her forcefulness, ler hearty outlook, her genial riendliness, her familiarity with people in all walks of life, her eadiness to throw herself into one •iewpoint and then another, with yhole-hearted sympathy. Carnegie, he lavish spender of millions, for 1 he public good! Gratia Country- lan, the lavish spender of tireless! ihysical and mental effort in ever yj mblic enterprise that calls to her! C. L. S. | CARNEGIE CENTENNIAL Annual Founder's - ,day celebra¬ tion of the Carnegie Institute will be combined this year with the one hundredth anniversary of Andrew Carnegie’s birth, on November 25, Samuel , garden Church, the presi¬ dent,; hats announced. Local celebrations will also be held th «00 cities all over the United I States that have libraries that were endowed by .this great philantropist. The,-Times Junior Stamp club will sponsor a cachet for the occasion j for letters ; mailed from Pittsburgh, ! I Pa., where Carnegie started his; ca- ! ^ eer as a steel master, and also from ! Carnegie, p a ., which is named after 1 il him. Andrew Carnegie was born in Dun¬ fermline, Scotland, 100 years . ago and the day; (November 25,) has been ade¬ quately observed by admirers of the 1 famous steel manufacturer who : is credited with having given away, for various purposes, the mast amount of $350,000,000, which recalls a meeting that was, held in Carnegie’s magnifi¬ cent mansion i,n New York 'im years gone by. The" assemblage was spon¬ sored by the NitJbnal Civic Federation. 1 Three hundred $ guests attended—the . line-up being as follows: The Public, /100; Capital, 100; Labor, 100. | Bradford was y represented by the | present writer : who. also, belonged to | the Federation., The meeting was very I interesting ., and the keynote of the . I speaking was a* stragg plef ,fbr indus- : j trial peace. Mr. Carnegie was 1 an ideal' host and everybody., was .made to feel i at home. Carnegie Was interested. In ! Bradford owing to the library he had » given to this city and likewise, on ac- 1 count . of oil. He showed a large paint- | ing of | -the Scottish, town where he i was bom, • j Andrew ; Carnegie did ir n ot -favdr the 'idea of carrying "the"appel^tion of ,! “philanthropist.”. The designation of “distributor” was more pleasing to I him. • - , V , . ’ ■' I Carnegie; well deserved to ■ be remem- f bered. He was" a marvelous giver of I: |j wealth and helpfulness, and his start! I was onu a 'Spiall 'scale. At the: Civic! . tj Federation- party a buffet luncheon 1 ,/, was served and after it had been dis- i I posed of the renowned. “Andy” round- j ; ed up the 300 guests, clasped hands! , with, them and led in the singing of {. | I “Au$- Lapg Syne.” Carnegie, Distributor Andrew Carnegie, whose birth a century ago is beifigcelebrafedThls week both in his natiirf Scotland; and his adopted America, was not a mere'giver, but ^profoundly wise distributor of millions. ^Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had plowed ! back into America 435 million of the dollars he picked i up so easily over here. He kept only 15 millions, which ! proved ample. His benefactions in libraries and in ] health, scientific and peace foundations “grubstaked j a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of learning" j and understanding* They will bear fruit in, a more ■ j civilized humanity for generations to come. i Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multi-millionaires it might not have been necessary | I for the Government now to take measures for sowing | the national wealth more widely. In a country where multi-millionaires have ceased to be a novelty, the Camegies. Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare. Too many of the very rich took all their sav¬ ings and reinvested them in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is one reason i why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant so overbuilt that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy what it did turn out. • As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged in- ‘ dividualist, but as a spender he was a social-minded and broad-visioned humanist.—Birmingham Pogfc*-^ \a~- " \'XY5\3r \ Amdrew Carnegie Needed No Government' Aid Even Though Underprivileged “He came to a land of wooden houses and left it a nation of steel” is the striking title of a tribute to Andrew Carnegie published by the United States Steel Corporation. The centenary [ fill.. birth is being celebrated this year and nothing is more needed today than a good look at this Scotch boy who helped so largely to make America the great nation which she is. Let everyone, from the President clear on down to the humblest citizen upon relief, stop long enough to make a fair appraisal of the life of Andrew Car¬ negie. Born in an attic in Dunfermline, Scotland, a hundred years ago this week, neither he nor his parents were in despair because of poverty. The Tug-; wells and the Frankfurters and all of the rest of the Abundant Lifers would tell you that nothing good can come out of such miserable quarters as that Dunfermline attic. Where a man starts is far less important than where he finishes. Scotland has. made many contributions to America but the best of them concern the fact that humble beginnings are neither a disgrace nor a serious handicap. The Scotch are made the butt of much super¬ ficial humor because of their frugality, yet the qual¬ ities which distinguished the Scotch and the Puritans were the effective undergirding of Yankee ingenuity; they brought undreamed-of prosperity to American Industry, and ecenomy upon the part of a God-fear¬ ing, courageous people is a better guarantee of sue- : cess than the mere fact that there are no slums and j all of the people are comfortable and well-entertain- j ed. : ¥ff; • Andrew Carnegie had a good chance to be an underprivileged boy, but he did not stay that way. | When America again strikes her pace she will have; a place for every forgotten man. That place will be: provided by private initiative—not through govern¬ ment planning. After Andrew Carnegie made his pile! he set the perfect example. He quit work himself and | allowed younger men to he advanced. Then he de- f voted his life to distributing his surplus. Fairfield has two public libraries each of which was erected! with Carnegie money. That was marvelous justice! for an agricultural section of the country thereby | got back at least a part of what it had paid to make J the Pennsylvania steel towns prosper. Lets have a | Carnegie commemorative stamp—one that lauds in- j dividual effort, frugality and hard work.—Fairfield Carnegie Portrait Public Library AJ^Ltiful portrait of Andrew Carn'£Bif. ,/,has been received at the I Public ' library from the Carnegie CcrlJDratjbiu. in commemoration of theTCOth celebration of his birth day which YWh, be, celebrated dur¬ ing the w$Sk ,:of November 26th.j This portrait and a number of pos-l ters have been sent to all Carnegie | libraries’: \nYAV>_ Carnegie Portrait Public Library! A bc/utiful portrait of Andrew Ca£tt€gif; has been received &t'jhe Public. Library from the! Carnegie; Corporation, in commemor ation of j the iooth.teelebration of, his birth¬ day whlo|i. will be celebrated dur¬ ing the 'week of November 25th. This portrait and a number of pos¬ ters have been sent to! all. Carnegie libraries. A.' y Mm PORTRAIT OF CARNEGIE IS RECEIVED BY LIBRARY HERE The public library here has received a portrait of the late Andrew Carnegie , from the Carnegie Corporation. Dur-, ing the week of November 25th the . Boonville public library will join with , other libraries all over the world in t celebrating the one hundredth anm- ( versary of 'the birth of Andrew Car- , negie noted philanthropist and steel, magnate who gave nearly $ 65 , 000,000 | to build, endow or equip almost 3,000 , libraries, 1,900 of them in the United • States and Canada and the rest scat- , j tered throughout the English speak¬ ing world. It is estimated that 35,000,- | 000 people receive library service: from Carnegie buildings. Formal centenary ceremonies will be held in New York, Pittsburgh and j Washington. Plans are being forum- , lated by our local library to do its part j in paying tribute to the great bene- ( factor who made possible our library j Mr. Carnegie died in 1919, but the . Carnegie Corporation, which he found- j ed in 1911, has continued his library , benefactions. No library buildings i have been built since 1917, when build¬ ing activities were halted by the world | war, but the corporation has aided n j promoting the library idea in other ways. In America, a ten-year library pro gram has recently been completed by the Carnegie Corporation which in¬ cluded grants to the American Li¬ brary Association for the promotion and improvement of library facilities, the founding of the Graduate Library School at the University of Chicago; aid to college libraries and to library schools; grants for rural library ex¬ tension; library surveys, studies and demonstrations; grants for library fellowships and scholarships, and aid in promoting adult education through libraries. „ . _ In Great Britain, the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, by means of grants to aid in establishing county libraries, has made library privileges available to almost 100 per cent of the population, where only 60 per cent were served before. 0 \NW V* 5 LIBRARY NOTES. Story Hour at the Public Li¬ brary last Saturday was enjoyed by an unusually large number of children, Fifty-eight boys and girls between the ages of four and twelve listened attentively to | a splendid program of music and I stories. Miss Maxine Stearley played a beautiful piano solo. Miss Willa Mae Shirey sang, "There Little Girl Don’t Cry” and || "The Cuckoo.” Mrs. Dan Jones gave a juvenile biography in her. charming man¬ ner and Miss Margaret Fisher in her usual animated way talked about Andrew Carnegjfl ».And told several very pretty Thanksgiving stories. The children were so well entertained they all agreed to come back and bring some one else for the Christmas Story Hour. I- Anniversary of Andrew^amegie i :" T ‘■■ Sr I Th^IhOth anniversary of the birth | oT*9ufdrew Carnegie, the man who spoilt $65,000,00^ in giving free pub-| lie libraries tp readers throughout | the English-speaking world, is being! observed in the: .. form of a .‘?book 1 week”':'at the. Hoqxiiam library. j A large framed’ ''pprtVaifc of Car- j neg$e,s;-w»s received, here several | weeks , ago from-the. . Carnegie cor-1 poratj^p/ New children’s hooks purchased especially for the occasion are on display on a table in the young people’s ’ room. Children • are / com¬ peting in a contest'to name book characters depicted on a large poster. The winner will be allowed to choose as his own any one of the new books. The contest will be| concluded Saturday afternoon with a children’s hour at 2 o’clock,. -f W\7-\\Y ' CARNEGIE AN EXAMPLE The 100th anniversary of the birth of An¬ drew Carnegie, who came to this country as: a Scotch emigrant and who made Pittsburgh the steel city, was the occasion for Douglas Southall Freeman, Richmond, Va., editor and wiiiner of the 1935 Pulitzer prize for his bi¬ ography of Robert E. Lee, to cite some flaws iii £he theory of share the wealth and soak tie inch. The life and benefactions of Car¬ negie offer an excellent example of some of the falaci6s of the soak the rich theory. “For the whole of his' life,” Freeman. “An¬ drew Carnegie lived, under a laissez-faire capitalism which set no limit to the wealth a man might acquire or tq the industrial power he might exercise so long' as he kept within laws conceived and enforced in the spirit of the American bill of rights. Now, in the year that rounds the century of Andrew Carnegie, we are faced with; the new theory that no matter how wisely ? a man may use his wealth, it is in the public interest to set limits to his wealth by means of taxation, lest his power be used to the hurt of his-fel¬ low citizens.” The benefactions of Carnegie, the Rocke¬ fellers, the Fricks and others have amount¬ ed to over a billion dollars and the distribu¬ tion of large fortunes is not likely to be ac¬ cepted as a permanent national policy. ... . This Is the Carnegie Centennial, Book Week, and^StfTtyfark Twain Centennial all rolled in one. There could be no better way of celebrat¬ ing the triple festivity than to walk into the nearest Carnegie Li¬ brary, borrow one of its copies of “Life on the Mississippi” and read it. \v. _ oa > N © \ U ^ \ A e month fromj ftday...come s the birth- ay Y Andrew Carnegie and had he lived : .Ywtrnld have “reached the ripr'- * 1 one hundred years onf'that d as Roswell is concerned, Ca: known here for the fact that ll ed the funds for the erection o: gie Library here. \°y^\vv Carnegie Centennial In connggj&tfi with the observ¬ ance of the Andrew Carnegie cen- tenniak Nov. 25, 28 arid 27, framed portray or me famous fiancier and jphilanthropfet will be pre¬ sen tethe libraries that his gifts made possible in this and other English-speaking countries. Mr. Carnegie was born Nov. 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Scotland, and came t6 this country poor boy, making his fortune here and using much of it, prior to his death, in making public benefac¬ tions. During these, iater years, public libraries have become so much a part of the American life that few of us realize exactly what Andrew Carnegie did for the advancement of education and civilization when he presented to the public 2,811 public libraries, of which 1,946 were, built in the United States. All. of us who are past 35 years! of age probably can remember of' hearing older relatives, especially parents and grandparents, dis¬ cuss. their efforts to obtain good reading material .during the , nine¬ teenth century. Ip most 3 _ cases, some few familial iq neighbor¬ hood had been able to 1 purchase a few good books, and these were exchanged and lent to others, read and re-read-tuntil they were completely worn but. We can re member of hearing our mother tell how' fortunate her family was thought to be because it owned a' complete ‘set’ of -the works of Sir, Walter Scott, and b,c)w many times : - these books were read by the fam¬ ily until they were treated as old| and familiar friends. She told how; carefully books. were read and duj gested, not sketched hastily as are prone to read books today, but 'each word read and given it: proper value. At the time that they were made, many . of Carnegie’s gifts were passed over lightly—much as is the work of the Rockefeller Foundation todayljand few peo-i pie realized what die was doing to j broaden and educate the minds of; those who compose the American public. It is only by imagining' what -Shelbyville, and all of these other small cities, would be like today if they had no public li¬ braries that we can realize what his philanthropy has meant. The manner in which many of them (and among them, the one located here) have been neglected is to be regretted. . J| . . There are many universities on t the shelves of every public library if the public chooses to use them, j £ *y'n\y> an^y^. ; '■.-., This Is the Carnegie Centennial, Book Week, shcTthe. Mark Twain Centennial all rolled in one. There could be no better way of cele¬ brating the triple, festivity than-to walk into the nearest Carnegie I Library, borrow one Of • its copies of “Life on the Mississippi,” and read it. W\V\\h< y l' 1 The) Andrew-CamL 0 L rntfrcTTiTTal vhiira began a three days’ celebra-; vionWstei’day leaves «nna%jto pon¬ der over. Today much is, b(eard ox share - the - wealth progrgflfc and ( practically everyone without* a red cent to share, is offering-a solution to such a problem—a plan in Which he makes sore he will share equally I well with- the Others. Mr. Carnegie preached no : panaceas, but during a 'long and useful life he evolved a plan ofhis -:.own. The Biblical m- I junction* wfeich stipulates 10 per® cent as the amount a God-fearing | man shall devote to his brothers’; welfare, not only met with Mr.j Carnegie’s hearty approval but he! went it many times better by revers- j ing the order and keeping only 10 1 per cent for himself ahd heirs, and giving away 90 per cent for public; use. Mr. Carnegie in his lifetime! gave away $ 350 , 000,000 “for the im-j provement of mankind.” Given an; - equal chance would you have done' as well? / \\V-' WHITING PUBLIC LIBRARY During the Week of. November the Whiting Public Library will join with other libraries all over the world in celebrating the one- hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegie, noted philan¬ thropist and steel magnate who gave almost $65,000,000 to build, endow or equip nearly 3,000 librar- i es _l ) 900 of them in the United States and Canada and the rest scattered throughout the English- speaking world. Jt is estimated that 35,000,000 people receive library service from Carnegie buildings. I Formal centenary ceremonies will be held in New York, Pittsburgh ! and Washington. A portrait of An¬ drew Carnegie has been presented to the Whiting library by the Car¬ negie corporation of NeV York and has been hung in the'teadin& room of the library. Seven posters pre¬ senting Carnegie quotations in at¬ tractive form will be displayed throughout the week. Mr. Carnegie died in 1919, but j the Carnegie corporation, which he' founded in 19lt; .’Bjpj lK Books in raised print and talking ; books for blind patrons. All of these changes are in har¬ mony with the X principles under- j! lying the philanthropy of Andrew j Carnegie. “I do not want to be s k frown for what I give,” Mr. Car- J; negie once said, “but for what I J. induce others to give.” It was his j desire to make his gift valuable, 1 not merely because of its value in j dollars and cents but because of jj the civic interest it created in the library, idea. Every community accepting the ; offer of a Carnegie grant was re- f quired to furnish a site and agree j! to supply an annual maintenance [i fund of at least ten per cent of the j! amount of the gift. To the fact that I the communities were expected to ■ maintain and develop their librar- [ ies, Mr. Carnegie attributed most ; of their usefulness. He believed in helping the community to help it¬ self without minimizing public in- ! terest or responsibility. THE CAR NEGTF, ^ENTFMATI.AT.. Tlii« JOOtlj anniversary of Andrew Carnegie’s birth will be celebrated N qy. 25^ ,, with a number of cere- mottiSTln his native Scotland and in this country. Carnegie’s name will live through the 2,811 public libraries he built and 'gave to the communities in which they were constructed at a total cost of $60,000,000. Nor was this the extent of his contributions. He gave the money for 8,182 church organs, and in all gave away $350,- 000,000 for schools, hospitals, sci-i entific laboratories, public parks, swimming pools and communitl 1 halls. Carnegie believed in the educai tion of the entire people. “The most imperative duty of the state,” he; said once, “is the universal educa¬ tion of the masses. No money which, can be usefully spent for this indis-f pensable end should be denied. I There is no insurance of nations so cheap as the enlightenment/of the > people.” He ■' believed in reading, /“saying f that “a taste for reading drives out : | lower tastes." He had a deep hatred for war, saying that -‘the killing of man by man, as a means of set- ; -ling international disputes, is the' foulest blot upon human society, , :; and so long as men continue thus [ to kill one another, they have slight ' claim to rank as civilized.” j Carnegie held as the duty of a I man of wealth “to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance” and to consider his wealth “simply as trust funds, which, he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to ad¬ minister in the manner which In his judgment is best calculated to pro¬ duce the most beneficial results for the community.” Carnegie would have been Im¬ measurably shocked by the spec¬ tacle of George Vanderbilt's decision o be a millionaire loafer for life, ir by Barbara Hutton What’s-Her- T ame, in keeping titled ' foreigners i the style to which they have been ccustomed.—Arkansas City Tra 1 ;ler. ,©A> This Is the Ca rnegi e Centennial, Book Week, and^tKe. Mark Twain Centennial all rolled! in one. There could be no better way of cele¬ brating the triple festivity' than to walk " into the nearest ^Carnegie \ library, borrow one of its. copies ) of.! “Life bn the Mississippi'’ and ri read it.' ; A m f^raiToOth ANNIVERSARY §F CARNEGIE’S BIRTH wa>wefking for $2.60 a week. He had no money for books and there was not a library in the town. Then one day he heard of a wealthy mian, Col. Jallies Anderson, who had opened 'his private library of 400 volumes to “working 'boys. Andy y accepted .the. offer. Every Saturday afternoon he went for a new book iii exchange for the one he had carrieli under his arm all week to read at odd moments. Is it surprising, then, that Andy, who grew' up to be the widely known Andrew Carnegie', steel magnate and philanthropist, should dot the Anglo- Saxon world with libraries? Out of his vast fortunes 'he gave nearly $65,000,000 to build, endow, or equip 2811 libraries. Some 1900 of these are in the United St-dtes and Canada. The rest are _ scattered throughout English-speaking coun¬ tries. ' 1111111 , . This month a senes of posters and j a portrait of Andrew Carnegie are displayed in libraries to remind mil¬ lions of persons that just 100 years ! ago, on Nov. 26, this son of a weav- i er was born in Dunfermline, Scot¬ land. His centenary turns attention again to the public library move¬ ment of which ho. was so inextric¬ ably a part. As great a change took place in the village of Dunfermline shortly after Carnegie’s birth as has trans¬ pired in th© library situation in the English-speaking world in recent years. Then some 4000 looms hum¬ med in the village; Almost every cottage had its loom shop. _ The greystone Carnegie cottage with red- tiled roof was no exception. * * * Came the great change. Factories rose and the hum' of the hand looms in Dunfermline homes died down. When Andy’s father had finally sold his fourth and last loom to get mbngy for the necessities of living, he packed his family into a whaling schooner, square-rigged for the merchant service, and turned toward North America. Thirteen-year-old j Andy was soon to. be delivering tele- graph messages in Pittsburgh. | Years afterward Andrew . Carnegie j remembered his home village of Dunfermline with one of his first important gifts—a public library for the town. This gift in 1881 initiat¬ ed his library-giving program which was to make libraries a vital part of public education. Only a few North American com¬ munities possessed public libraries when Carnegie gave his first one to his homle town in Scotland. It is true, the first library on' American soil was established two centuries before iCarnegie’s birth, at Harvard University in 1638. Approximately a> century later, in 1731, Benjamin Franklin, “father of the circulating library,” was intrumental in getting _>a “subscription library” started m | Philadelphia. It circulated books to members only. ft But the history of the modern ' public library in the United States really began when states adopted laws’authorizing cities and towns to H organize public libraries and to- *evy taxes for their support. In l 8 . 4 ", a in Massachusetts a law of this kind was first adopted. Between 1850 ; and 1890 demands-for public librar- | i©g gre'W as peopl© argued _f or thera in the same way that they argued for tax-supported schools. Bv 1880 public opinion was thoroughly’arous¬ ed. The movement now needed only some practical stimulus to make the library an acknowledged fact m thQ American educational system ano. Hj£M Andrew Carnegie met the situation by setting aside a large porton of his fortune for the building of libraries throughout United btates and Canada. Christian Spence Monitor:— “The United States and the world jjoin in celebratMg the 100th birth- j day of Andrew Carnegie. Upon the screen of remefnbrance is projected Tp miFMEMORIAUZES CARNEGIE The the day of the Carnegies is past. But the days of those vast possibili¬ ties; j out of which the Carnegies sprang are not past. They will nev¬ er pahs. Carnegies are the children' of opportunity — New Carnegies the titantic figure of the son , of a , Ff , " A., , ~ ~ s , . . , , i have; but properly to focus their ef- Scdttish weaver who immigrated tot F - . . w. America, became the first great steel king, and during his lifetime gave' away $350,000,000 for the benefit of nankind. His benefactions unfin¬ ished, he endowed the Carnegie Corporation of New York with 1124,000,000 and the United King¬ dom Trust with $10,000,000 to carry the business of giving. “My wealth came to me as a sacred 'trust to be administered for the good of my fellowmen,” he once said. The world commemorates not only the vast extent but also the quality of Andrew Carnegie’s bene- factions—-His giving was calculated always to enrich the recipient but never to menace independence with a sense of charity. Andrew Carnegie exemplifies, as much as any other man who has lived, the extent of individual op¬ portunity in the New World. Born in Dunfermline, ancient capital of Scotland, he loved the rugged heights where the Scottish kings dwelt and absorbed something of their conquering . spirit. At 13 he ended his school days in the gram¬ mar grades and came to America with his immigrant parents. He began in a boiler room, moved to a rolling mill, and became the big¬ gest figure in the industrial United States because he could see and grasp the opportunity that lay in steel. Carnegie became one of the world’s richest men—Yet what he drew out as his personal share was but a tiny part of what he added to the expanded kingdom of steel. Carnegie led two almost separat¬ ed existences. It was after he had been the world’s greatest iron mas¬ ter that he became the world’s greatest philanthropist. He never reduced the steel day below 12 hours; his men were driven accord¬ ing to the old school. The new morality had not come; Carnegie was not ashamed of being a preda¬ tory lord. But what a dream he brought into human experience! He came over in a wooden ship to a land of wooden towns; He trav¬ eled three weeks from New York to Pittsburgh by the Erie Canal. Before he was middle aged ste< rails joined Pittsburgh to York and steel Pullmans rolled ov¬ er them in 10 hours. He saw wooden ships replaced by floating steel hotels—Carnegie became a master builder to meet a mighty American need. to Win victories greater than 'ever did Carnegie couid dream.” When Andrew Carnegie realizedl his capacity for business success he put the ancient rule of tithing into reverse. The Biblical stipulation was 10 per cent of income as the amount a man should devote to his brother’s welfare. Carnegie decid¬ ed to retain .10 per cent for himself and heirs and devote 90 per cent to benefactions. He never became a philanthropist in his own sight, but only a “distributor.” He distributed 1946 free public libraries in the United States and 865 in other countries. He was willing to listen to any town that felt the need of a fine library building. He would supply that building, but he asked the people to add to their own sta ture by supplying the books—His sound policy was always helping people to help themselves. The man who' received only i grammar school education distrib uted $20,000,000 to American col¬ leges, mostly in moderate sums. He would always help out a college in making an expansive move. Be¬ stowals that gave him the greatest delight were for the cultural as¬ sistance of boys and girls whose status in life resembled his own childhood. He gave to churches of all faiths, to education, to scientific research, to the cause of peace, and to interests more varied than any¬ one ever kftew. Many private char¬ ities he kept secret. One day his secretary told him he had given away $325,000,000'^for public pur¬ poses—“Good heavens!” cried Mr. Carnegie. “Where did I ever get all that money?” In commemorating Andrew Car¬ negie the United States is looking into the face of a forceful and typi¬ cal expression of itself. Carnegie was a great master builder, a great captain of industry, a proudly suc¬ cessful leader, a genuinely delighted benefactor, and a great man who had his faults. The new morality which through a sense of justice gives back more at the source of large reapings had not, in his time, taken definite form in human con-- sciousness. America today has many so-called limiting laws, changed situations, hardy handicaps. But it has far greater spiritual vision. Re¬ viewing Carnegie should mean re-1 inspiring America. Many would say w\ THE CARNEGIE ANNIVERSARY Libraries in many parts of the English speaking world are celebrating this week the one-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew Carnegjie, noted philanthropist and steel magnate who, gave nearly $65,000,000 to build, endow or' equip almost 3,000 libraries _ l,9QQfpfjM?m in the United States and Canada!/j|^ ThSj Kitchener and Waterloo public li¬ braries, tyyb 6f the many institutions to have benefited %y the Carnegie grants, join in paying respect, and honor to the great bene¬ factor who has done so much for the reading public. The Kitchener library, y/as fortunate | in obtaining three separate grants. The first j was received when the library was estab- 1 jished and the remaining two when the build* I ing was enlarged. - Andrew Carnegie was born in Scotland, ov. 25, 1835, and emigrated to the United .fates in 1848. He became’a telegraph oper- ,tor and later a railway superintendent. His enture into the steel industry was the means amassing a great fortune. He retired.from lines* in 1901 and devoted^himself' entire¬ ty philanthropic and sociil welfare pur¬ ges. His death occurred Aug/11, 1919. Carnegie set an example that might well he emulated by those on whom fortune has smiled to the extent of many millions. A \ 'S - (^) cWw/'yA'ys Centenary Of Carnegie’s Birth T People the world over joined 1 Monday in honoring'fhe 100th an-1 niversary of the birth of one of the world’s greatest benetectors, An -1 drew Carnegie, who was born poor in a weaver’s cottage "of Denferm- line, Scotland, on Nov. 25th, 1835. When steam looms superceded hand weaving, they drove his father to the United States and Andrew had to take up another trade. During his life time he made hundreds oi millions and gave most of it away. He once Said it would be a disgrace to die clutching undistributed wealth. The ironmaster’s fortune is still active for the benefit of every coun¬ try—opening doors of opportunity to the underpriviledged, pushing back the frontiers of (knowledge, furthering world peace. wL i | . ' *t»r l| «'■+* WMfr /j ' taP XT - w 1 ( 'U ' ill 1 ! At ®r .fi'fJr isv,:... 47 . * , ’.t^iS>'a ^ f < PI* $» \ vV ‘13S\. ■ '*.-'■ a; '"''V,!;; : V " . j, s : •' ’ : ci\i j w ' ' , ' ;? •> •-; ’> •, ,. ::■' ? i# ' J MS....-. pH ita, ■rttW ; •h> ; ' M | f| , | jfjjp iacttC was -fittingly observed. # the Essex Public ^brary Boardi on Monday, November 25th. . A banquet and program were given in the basement of the library at which members of the bhe town council, the Boai'd of Edu¬ cation,' the Ministerial Association the staffs of the Pob| lc and Eigh Schools, the Rotary Club and their wives were present. Mrs. R. M. Phanman, chairman of the Library BOSS' prftided and glowing tri¬ butes were paid to the memory of Andrew Carnegie, who did so rnuch to enable people to procure good reading fo* a small sum. | :4t is impossible to : estimate the I amount Of good done by Carnegie lib¬ raries ’throughout the’ English-speaking VprldS but it is safe to say that it I ha# Men enormous. The Scottish steel master dona ted nearly $65,000,000 towards the spread of knowledge and the Carnegie Foundation is continuing the good work. Carnegie rarely gave the full amount required to build a library, contenting himself with an offer to supply a substantial part if local authorities found the balance. About 3,000 communities in several countries did sol Last Monday, No¬ vember 25th, was the one hijpd^edth anniversary of Carnegie’s birth and the occasion was marked in a fitting way wherever his libraries are lo¬ cated. _ On Tuesday public libraries throughout the world observed the 10 (fth anniversary of the bh*th of Andrew Carnegie, noted philanthrop¬ ist and steel magnate, who gave near¬ ly $65,000,000 to build, endow and equip almost 3,000 libraries. Of the total number, U,900 libraries are in the United States and Canada and the rest scattered throughout the English-speakiing world. It is esti¬ mated that 35,,000,000 people receive library service ;from Carnegie build¬ ings, thus perfuming a service of incalculable valu<| to the welfare of mankind. Mr. ;Carnegie died in 1919, but the Carnegie Foundation has continued his library benefac¬ tions. It is one of. thq most strik¬ ing examples of the wise use of great wealth for the public uplift. atr ^LxlC Choses du te mps Le centenaire Carnegie i X o il n’y a guerT'de graftdes villls de l’univers ou on n’a pas celebre le centieme anniversaire' de la nais- sance d’Andrew Carnegie. La fleur de chaque na¬ tion reconna'C et admire la grandeur de ses oeu¬ vres. Carnegie, le nom devient un symbole pour tous ceux qui out l’ideal de croire que la “beaute de vivre” du poete est surtout d’etre utile a ses sem- blables. Le plus admirable dans la vie d’Andrew Carnegie ne saurait etre et n est pas l’acquisition d’une ri- chesse fabuleuse. II y a la ia formidable enetgie, la puissante force de caractere d’un conquerant. Que le jeune Ecossais, immigre aux Etats-Unis a l‘age de treize ans, soit devenu a Ibrce de travail et d’intelli- gence plus de cinq cen^; fois millionimire, le fait est digne de l’attentioh defe historiens, comrae merveil- leux accomplissement de.la volonte humaine. Jusqu’ici Carnegie sert Carnegie ; il n’est que le vouloir exceptionnel qui a r4ussi dans ses vastes en- j treprises. Mais Carnegie est grand quand il veut que sa puissance materielle serve Ijlumanite. Com- ble de richesses et d’honneui'S, v j^ant adquis le pouvoir de r' '.uire les foul . af^ifplavage de sa fantaisie, Andrew Carnegie n’eut' pas, comrae d’au- tres qu’on pent accuser de ^ es raisins trop verts, l’intuitiun de la vanite des'Moires huipaines : il la vecut. Alors, parce qu’il n’etait’ pas un medio¬ cre chanceux, mais en realite un |omtne superieur, il comprit, Carnegie, l’omnipptent Carnegie, com¬ ment il egt possible a nn multi-millionnaire de “pas- ser par la orte etroite;” * Le richissime “rpi de 1’acier” fut tres charitable | pour ses parents, ses rares amis et ses compatriot tes. Mais il a fait en sorte que sa charite s’univer-1 salise et soit djrable. Parlant ru peuple americain a la radio, du cottage de Duiif fermline en -Ecosse, la | meme ou naquit Andrew Carnegie, M. John H. Fin-! ley, 1’lin des direeteurs du Tirafes de New-York, a| resume en ces termes les plus belles oeuvres du! grand homme : 11 a ceinture la terre de bibliotheques ; il a donne 1 aux shvants la liberie sur le sol et dans les airs ; il a mis les progres' de la science medicalc & ta por- tee des masses, et il a reconnu les detes d’ktroisme en fttveur de la paix... . Andrew Carnegie avait foi dans le progrAs :He; 1’humanite ; il croyait que le savoir devait re'ndre les guerres impossibles en ouvrant a tous les.hommes la perspective d’une nouvelle clestjn.ee. Il comptaiti sans l’attachement fanatique dUS^Rfepples a leursi. prejuges et il ne pouvait pas prevolt. que certains; hommes se feraient les gardiens de^Ri$rtorance pour; assurer leur domination. . Qu’importe ! Gra,ce aux diverges-., fondations dc Carnegie, des millions d’etres .Ku^iihs ont quanc|r meme echappe a l’emprise'de l’ignora|ce et des pr&- jugeS. Et nous ne voyons que 1’auM du jour ensoj leille dont Andrew Carnegie aura ete en partie l| principe de lumiere.—-H.G. ---- VO ,\vS- vU \\„A, \\\."\\ •>.' Centenary of Carnegie's Birth On Monday of this week, Nove,m- "beif twenty-fifth, both in Great Bri- ta,ip and/the United States, the cert- tenaryof the birth of a famous Scot. Andrew Carnegie, was celebrated, and, with fullest assurance it may be said that his ■ name will be re¬ membered in, the years to come. Carnegie was: born in Dunferm¬ line, Scotland, on- Nov. 25th, 1835. He amassed, a great‘.fortune, which, at its maximum amounted to $360,- 900,000 and of the total he. gave more than ninety per cent, for the benefit and service of his fellowmen. Most men of great wealth usually are puzzled as to the disposition ,^f their money, and it is poured''' large sums upon the me'mb their immediate families', m th< ^recking the lives of their cbi3 and grandchildren until the acctf lation is fortunately dissipated, it is dissipated, only after it has§^.. lFi its demoralizing work. It vtas not so with Carnegie’s millions. # Early in life this man had a truly amazing insight into- the. prpper meaning and significance of wealth, and at the age of 33 had an income of $50,000 a year. At that time he said “Beyond this never earn—make no effort to increase fortune, but spend the surplus, each year for be aevoient purposes. Cast aside busi¬ ness forever except for others. There A Monday, the, 25th of November, is the one f /undredth anniversary of the birth of Andrew | larnegie. He was born at Dumfermline, Scotland. e came with his parents to America in 1848 and | Settled at Allegheny City. As a lad his first job j jv as that of “bobbin boy” at a salary of $1.20 per L week, long hoinA Even from that pittance he | laved a part; of. Bis salary. Next we find him as jf i messengerA>0.y; .still saving a part of his wage ; as he learned tel^raphy. Ho was soon an oper- : ator for a railroad company, and when the Civil [ War broke outAc’Aeiit to Washington-and organ- I ized a Military Telegraph; Corps. His first in- | vestment was in Adams-Express Co. stock, bor- rowing the money from an uncle. After the war | he sensed the advantage of the sleeping car and | invested in the Woodford Sleeping Car-Co. Both j; of these investments turned out well.. He : also j- became interested in valuable oil lands. In 1868 { he went to England and learned what he could of j Bessemer steel processes. Coming back to America he invested in steel companies and was-soon the / owner of several large mills. His fortune- grew . rapidly from thi& date and soon he was worth many millions, of dollars. Having made; his * for- s tune, he set about giving it away,- apd before.he 1 died gave away $350,695,000. Andrew.. Carnegie p reminds us of some Other rich Americans—he was U so different. The thrifty Scot made money that | he might use money to serve his dky‘ and gen- eration, and not for the purpose of making a dis-j play of his wealth, or "piling it up for future gen- j erations to squander on women and wine. ; It is of his benevolences that We want to speak this Saturday Night. He stablished 2,911 libraries j throughout the world, one of them in; Jefferson City. This was at a time when the need of li- 1 braries was much greater than they are today. More than sixty millions of dollars was; invested in free public libraries. He gave the University of . Scotland ten million dollars at one time. He founded and endowed the Carnegie Institute at Washington for research work, giving it twenty- two millions; the Carnegie Corporation of r New j York; the International Peace foundation was organized with ten million dollars; the Carnegie > Foundation for the advancement of teaching was « is no idol more debasing than the worship of money.” A score of years later Carnegie wrote his famous article which was published in the “North American Review” and in this he stated that he “should consider it disgraceful to die a rich man.” At - his summer home in Skibo he outlined his plan for the distribu¬ tion of his wealth long before it took place. v His thoughts for the ad4 vanceiraent of progress and the ele vation and happiness of man. Said the great philanthropist: “Let my Trustees therefore ask themselves fromAime to time, from age to age how they can best help men in his glorious ascent onward and upward and to this end devote this fund.” . Carnegie’s Endowment for Inter¬ national Peace had just been organ¬ ized when the great war broke, and millions of dollars from this fund have been used for the purpose of restoring institutions devastated in | France and Belgium. The whole energy of the Carnegie Endowment hae enjoyed the counsel and co-oper l ation of leading statesmen, scholars land men of affairs in almost everj jland, and is being devoted'to the ed ucation of public opinion toward tin dcceptance of those policies and in stitutions of international co-opera tion upon which alone depend th< prosperity of every people and th peace of the world. Truly, a great man the century o whose birth was celebrated on Nov 25th, 1935. given fifteen million; the Carnegie Institute for Technical Education at Pittsburg, eleven millions and other millions for endowment; small colleges were given eighteen millions; the Red Cross many millions; the Cranegie Hero Foundation five mil¬ lions; and a great many other benefactions too nu¬ merous to mention. When he died he only had left something between twenty-two and thirty mil¬ lions of dollars and his will disposed of twenty millions of that to a Carnegie Corporation. Here was a rhan who began life working .at 20 cents per day, made millions ip which me found great pleasure and satisfaction, and then giving it all away to bless mankind. In administering upon his wealth he found evkn1 greater pleasure and satisfaction than he did in making it. In our judgment Andrew Carnegie ranks A-l in the cat¬ alogue of Americalfe rich men, andAve afe telling his story thus briefly that the yminger genera¬ tion may appreciate him .tv/t-.- u qy w hen jkis cen- • J ' : - ■- - ■ 100th Anniversary oi Birth of Andrew f Carnegie I Give, Bracebridge Library Building ' in 1906 Last Monday,. November 25th, was. the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Mr. Andrew Carnegie, world- famous 'Pittsburgh philanthropist Who. . gave many millions" to : public pur¬ poses, especially libraries. Born No A vember 25th, 1835, he died August 11th, 1919. In 1906 he gave. the. Town of Bracebridge its present fine library building. At that time the members of the Bracebridge Library Board were His Honor Judge William C. Mahaffy. (chairman) and Messrs Peter A. Smith, Alfred Hunt, F. P. Warne, James Whitten, J. jVL Ballan- tyne and H. J, Bird, Jr. . ,Mr. Moses j1 J. Dickie was - Librarian and Secre-1 I tary-Treasurer of the Library Board. Before the present Carnegie Lib-; vary - wa.s built, the Bracebridge Free! Library occupied the-upstairs of the j \ building on the west side of-Manitoba 1 • street then owned by Postmaster I l p « rr y and now owned by the Misses j J MacMillan. The Bracebridge Club j now occupy the premises where the ] | | old Free Library was. At that time | \ the Post Office. was located on the! i ground floor of that building. | Last Saturday a portrait of the. ';! late Mr. Carnegie was hung in the ^ Bracebridge Carnegie Library. This jjl picture, was' -sent.' by the Carnegie ; i corporation which administers philan- ; thropic work with money provided by i f the late Mr. Ganlegie. j 'The late. John Walker of Pitts- j burgh, Pennsylvania, and Buck Island,, Lake Muskoka, was at one; time aj partner of Mr. Carnegie. .Mr. Walk- ■’ ■< er lefi ; the Bracebridge Carnegie Lib- ' I! rary many valuable books.- j! The late Andrew Carnegie was born in .humbIg|surroundings at Dun- ; femiine, ,1’iieshire, .Scotland,- but in j ? 1848, when a small lhd, he came, with j his family,; 5 , to Allegheny City,-, now | ; a part; of "the great City of Pitts- i - J burgh in Pennsylvania. Pe worked as a bobbin-boy in a cotton factory, later on as a tele¬ graph . clerk and operator. After holding the position as secretary, he was made t gfiperintendent of the Western Division of the Pennsylvania Railway^lkHe worked thereof or sev¬ eral years, only- being absent while serving in the militia during the Civil ■War. v . He made his'first start toward his great'wealth -when he introduced the sleeping-car on the Pennsylvania R. R. and when he purchased the Stor- 'ey Farm - on "All Creek; which later yielded a harvest in oil wells. Fore¬ seeing, the'importance in which steel and iron wo.uld.be held, he visited England to sc^ methods of making Bessemer stO^.l/ He started a bridge wo^ks, . a , ste;<;i Aail niill',; bought a rival;-' steoL works - and by; 1888 con- j trolled an, e^.eiisive -plant' served by I tributary.,coji'l and iron fields, a rail- j way 425 mife| long and a line of lake J steamshipsAy.- In 190 Aj J. IpidrppntMMbVgin and f Mr. Carriegie organized; the U.S. Steel .C.ofpd||tion And; ish or tly after/ Mr. Carnegie, .retired with the pur clihse-.-price of his- several interests, 1 IlCO.OOOdlO^V" Now . his ^Attention,, was turned to philonthropfo v.lyks. he wrote 1 several books on' ■ soffial, gconolhids.'j •He bought,^ castle,, .in., 'Scotland,., and? spent his ..time .between there|.'and ■.New York. : ' M, Ambng -his philanthropies- ‘was the | provision for public libraries in ' : U.S., Canada and other' .English speaking countries. - By- 190'S he had .distribut¬ ed .to' this alone over .$50,000,000; He started - the Carnegie . Institute at Pittsburgh with -'$10,000,000 in 1901 and a similar "ohe at Washington in 1902. In Scotland he aided universi¬ ties and helped many institutions for education. He founded pension funds for his employees and later on,; for college professors. His benefactions in the shape of buildings and endowments for education, and research are too numerous for detailed enumeration. Mention must be made, however, of the Carnegie Hero Fund Commis¬ sions both in UjS. and U.K., the erec¬ tion of the Temple of Peace at Hague and the Pan-American Palace at Washington. He was a firm believer in the future and influence ..of the English speaking people, in their forms of government and alliance in the inter¬ ests; of peace and the abolition of war. • . --■ | Last week the 71 dredth anniversary oj the birth of Andrew Carnegia was celebrated all over the country. We as a Carnegie buill library received a beautiful oil painting oi Mr. Carnegie, and are very glad to have this reminder of the man who did so much fox libraries ond library service. Some of • the figures are unbelievable. For instance, he gave $65,000,000 dollars to build, endow ox equip 3,000 libraries—1900 of them in the; United States and Canada, the rest scattered throughout the English-speaking world. It is estimated that 35,000,000 .people receive li¬ brary service from Carnegie buildings. Mr. Carxxegie died in 1919,, but the Ca rnegie Cor¬ poration, which he founded in 191L*?fas , *CMx- ti rated his library benefactions. No libraries have been built since 1917, but the Corpora¬ tion has aided library service throughout the country in other ways. In 1881, Mr. Carnegie gave his first library to the tawh of his birth, Dunfermline, Scotland. His interest in. li¬ braries began when a Colonel Anderson of Pittsburgh opened to him, a poor messenger boy at that time, a library of some 400 books and allowed him to take books home to read. Thus started 1 a comprehensive education ac¬ quired entirely through' Ins own efforts from the reading of books, in gratitude for which ae had an. overwhelming desire to make "free access to .re gratel 5 possible for others. And we l for our building. \\VT J' libraries, from one end of the; country to the other| \f ar^f mWoring the centenary of the. birth of Andrfp# !' Carnegie who built, or helped to builclT^nearTy’fy^OO fr€^-pt^4e^hteaags„in this country as well as hundreds in Europe. The free public library - is strictly an American institution. It was conceived in the fertile ; brain of the great- philosopher Benjamin Franklin,'and given its'greatest impetus a hundred years later by the one-time poor Scotch emigrant boy. Our libraries are indeed character builders, ranking along . with, t-hc i m home, the church and the school in the making of goo^ ffe, citizenship. / THE CENTENARY OF ANDREW CARffiGIE Just as .Henry Clay was referred to as the “Mill Boy of the Slas’hes,’’ ;j so one can refer to Andrew Car- i neigie as the “Loom .Boy of Dun- j fermildne.” It was in this 'Sleiottfeh village, that Andrew Carnegie was born one hundred years ago and the world is; now celebrating that event as the birth of a boy who became famous. The career of Andrew Carnegie from loom- boy to the head of the biggest privately ow,ned steel works in the world has been multiplied many times in other fields of in¬ dustrial endeavor. But Mr. Carnegie Was more than an iron m'aeter. He was the first multi-mill ion air e in- idustriiailist who enunciated the doc¬ trine that the wealth he had accum- j ulated was his only as a trustee for the ultimate public benefit. Carnegie was one of the few, men Who lived up to what he preached from the day he retired from the steel business. After .selling out to the late J. P. Morgan, he began the distribution of his wealth in accordance with his' own ideas of where it would do the most good. Like a'll 'Scotchmen he reverenced learning and his first thought was to build and endow .public libraries, 'having in this: manner established free public libraries not only in the United IStates but in many other countries. He next devoted his at¬ tention to the health of the people iby contributing , millions to medi¬ cinal research. Always a pacifist and opposed to war, Carnegie .gave the money to build the Palace of 'Peace at The Hague and to endow the Carnegie .Foundation. As an industrialist Mr. Carnegie was noted for the many millionaires he had created. It was his method to have his chief lieutenants' share in the ‘wealth which their brains had accumulated. He was not al¬ together successful! In Ms treatment of labor. The famous strike at the Homestead mines, one of the sub¬ sidiaries of the (Carnegie Steel Work's, is still remembered, al¬ though not by his eulogists. In his leisure moments Mr. Car¬ negie wrote books (celebrating the triumphs of democracy. He was a horn Republican and although he enjoyed the comb any of kings he iremained a Republican all' Ms life. The tributes that are being paid to him are well deserved, for Andrew Carnegie was. not Only a great in¬ dustrialist but also a great citizen. < At the time of the occurrence of the .centenary': of the, birth of Andrew C arnegie r ecently, it. was 1, .pointed out in various ^ quarters ‘ that the great steel baron was one of .tlie nation’s outstanding 'philan- j thropists. He gave libraries, | | schools,, church organs and en-j • y dpwed. foundations. The ’question |j was raised, would Mr. Carnegie ; have been able to do this if there I had been estate, gift and income j ‘ taxes that.; would have taken a j large portion of his' wealth; So far ; as incoxhe" takes, arq concerned, | j it would not have madq much dif- • ference, because- charitable gifts are exempt from taxes, ‘ and it is j the practice among*the wealthy to j xnake gifts to charity rather than I to pay more , money over ' i o f the ! government in taxes. As to estate ; and gift taxes, it is impossible to j say what effect they would' have j had, for they have not yet been j enacted, at least by the*' Federal j Government, so no data on their I effect is available. Naturally a I gift tax would reduce the amount of the gift available for the 'pur¬ pose , intended, but it yannot be said assuredly that, this would .de¬ ter anyone philanthropically in¬ clined from making the gift, A ! VA." h -- Governor Designates Library Week Governor Henry H. Blood has designated the week be ginning No¬ vember 25th as Library Week. Andrew Carnegie, the Pati-on Saint" 6T^uhlmnmTf.aifte9,^as born November 25, 183 5j and libraries throughout the United States ar3 ceiebrati'ng hils 100-th birthday, Mies, was born. November 25th, 183c ana libraries 'throughout the United States are celebrating his birth¬ day next Monday. j Governor Blood has designated j the week beginnig November 25 as Library Week and it is hoped that-all■■ citizens will take special interest in their local libraries this week, Miss Elsie Hales, County Li¬ brarian, invites you to visit the library, particularly during Li- prary week. Ttye Beaver library was es- tblished in 1915 and has since then. : been maintained through county funds. Many donations of hooks and other material have been; made in these many years and'at-present we have one of the finest and most complete li- raries in the state. V. ^ /v :tc r This is Andrew C arnegie centen- H Ifry week. The Hot Springs li- ||i brary is a Carnegie library. •‘I choose free libraries as the m ) best agencies for improving the || masses of the people, because they give nothing for nothing,” Carnegie ||,-i said. “They only help those - who ■ • help themselves. They never paup- rj ■ erize. They reach the aspiring, I | and open to those the chief treas- 1 ures of the world—those stored' lap if in books. A taste for reading |. drives out lower tastes. I prefer 11 the free library to most if not any || other agencies for the happiness I.' ^nd improvement of a community.” |:: vjtuduJLo, Ca^egie Centennial The Waukesha Public Library, in grateful observance of the cen¬ tennial anniversary of the birth of Andrew Ca rnegie at Dunfermline, ScbTTaE37on w ^ov. 25, 1935, has.hung in the foyer of the library a new portrait of Mr. Carnegie, given by the Carnegie Corporation in cele¬ bration of this anniversary. The Waukesha Public Library building .was made possible by a grant of $15,000 from Ihe Carnegie Corporation in 1904. Through the benefaction of Andrew Carnegie, 63 library buildings in the state of Wisconsin have been;, erected. In all his grants to libraries amounted to 60 millions of dollars. Mr. Carnegie’s interest in lib raries was an expression of his philosophy of self-education: “The library gives nothing for nothing it helps i only those that help them¬ selves, it does not sap the founda¬ tion of manly independence, it does not pauperize, it stretches a hand to the aspiring and places a ladder upon which they only can ascend by doing the climbing themselves. This is not charity, this is not philanthropy, it is the people mselves helping themselves b; ;hemselves.” Nn yuu 7 7 > LS%ARY WEEK yUCCp^lDING to members of the Carnegie free library board of Ogden, TdB’Pary" week, which begins tomorrow, will see an interesting likeness of Abbot R. Hey wood and an oil reproduction of Andrew Car¬ negie on display in the main lobby of the library, That is as it should be for Andrew Carnegie made the library possible, and Abbot R. Hey wood gave-the; funds which brought about the remodeling";6f tfyat part of the building which is to. • the boys and girls of Ogden %ho visit the library. • . ; #. .. ‘ v .a % 'IK Andr CARNEGIE LIBRARY % .ndrew Carn egie’s birthd ay centen- xfial will be celebrated in November. To I Carn& gi’Oi '"sB^d wood, as well as several i; thousand other cities, owes its public!; library, and thence a lasting gratitude J On the subject of libraries, Carnegi#! said: T choose free libraries as -the best agencies for improving the masses of the people, because they give nothing .for nothing. They only help those who help themselves. They never pauper¬ ize. They reach ,thfe aspiring, and open to these the chief . treasures of the world—those stored ’up in books. A taste for reading di'iVes out lower -tastes,! .* • ! I prefer the free public library to most if not any other .agen¬ cies for the happiness and improve- '.ent of a community.” CELEBRATION POSTPONED A celebration -of the’ birthday of drew Carn egie., famous philan- optstT tnis afternoon at the Car- ! Andrew . i throp' , " .... negie Negro library here, has been postppned indefinitely because the . building is being- renovated, Miss; , Helen Harris, city, chief librarian, 1 "said last night.; .Posters concerning Mr. Carnegie’s life will be displayed ( jtoday at both the Carnegie and U-T \ libraries. A Movable Anniversary \ A notable anniversary Occurred during thO pUst week—an anniversary XhicK had its national aspect and also its local signi¬ ficance, for on Nov. 25 the nation was re- j minded that 100 years ago Andrew Carrie- 'l gie was born. .—-— ; ; ..Carnegier -Seotcbman by birth, amassed many millions in the steel industry, but ] gave much of it away, free libraries having I been established iA m an y cities of the j country during h^is life time and as a gift i from him. 4 : ;X: Jackson was fortunate enough to se¬ cure one of these. In 1903 there Was built today’s impbsing structure on the corner j of College and Church streets. During ! the years that hav&y$fcWvened since its establishment thousands of people have entered its portals .jo seek information in some reference^ bonk, to refresh their memories on some character in fiction or histoid to read the daily newspapers or to sti some particular subject with plenty terial at hand. " Not only have Jacksonians availed them¬ selves of the great privilege offered by this library, but students of the old M. C* F» Institute, Union University and Lambuth College as well as the public schools in city and county have likewise done so. The in¬ stitution has proved itself invaluable from this standpoint. The $80,000 given for the construction of the library went for that purpose. It has - been maintained through the years by city and county donations. This has been money well spent. Jacksonians of succeeding days should feel much indebted to that group of enter¬ prising citizens who in 1903 went a*fter and secured this donation. The libraries which Carnegie gave went for the most part to cities much larger than Jackson, but we had enterprising citizens here then as now and f they left no stone unturned to grasp this opportunity. These citizens have left a great heritage. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Carnegie the libraries which he established received a splendid portrait of this fine old Scotch-American, and those who have reaped the fine benefits of the Jackson library will no doubt pause in adoration as they pass the portrait in the local building. . A A BIRTHDATfS- • The Watertown public library will observe the 100th birth anniversary jot A,ndrew Carnegi e next Monday. 1 ^^W^rUlJtAA^ A TRIBUTE TO ANDREW CARNEGIE I Editor The Advertiser: Your timely article on the hundredth anni- 1 versary of Andrew Carnegie, impels me to add a personal tribute to this great and good man. To rise from the son of a pot: weaver in Scot¬ land, to one whose wealth amounted to a half I billion, is remarkable but it is by no means the. most remarkable feature of his practical life. Mr,. Carnegie, although a small man, was a tremendous worker and all of his “start” in life was by the sweat of his brow for from 12 to 18 hours daily. Later he developed abilities which earned him the name of “The Canny Scotsman,” in his business operations. Let me be definite and emphatic in this state¬ ment. Mr. Carnegie made money, but he never made it by squeezing the poor, choking opposi¬ tion or stifling competition. He was too big a man for that. Moreover, he was a friend to man in every possible way. He saw in Charles M. Schwab, a lad of brains and pleasing personality, and he saw to it that Schwab had a chance to make good, which later he did. He wished the U. S. to advance and so he gave almost 2,000 li¬ braries, several of which are in Alabama. He al¬ so invested in mankind’s advancement freely and scattered his benefactions widely where many might benefit. Although a steel master, or iron master, he hated war and put a fortune in the cause of peace, despite the fact that iron is the first ne¬ cessity in war and his company stood to profit greatly. How unselfish he was. Though of, limited education, he gave more for the cause of liberal education than any oth¬ er American. He said it was a disgrace to die rich, and in spite of giving away hundreds of millions and creating the Carnegie Founda¬ tion for the advancement of teaching and giv¬ ing aged professors retirement funds, he died at the age of 84 years, worth easily one hundred fifty million. But doubtless he felt he would live long enough to give most of this away and I for one believe he did. Certainly one who could give away 2,811 libraries will be helping educa¬ tion and culture for untold generations. As a member of the board of trustees of Cor¬ nell University one of Mr. Carnegie’s striking investments in youth might be mentioned. A ter¬ rible scourge of typhoid seized students and almost closed the University. Many students were already poor and had been put to heavy expenses for hospitalization. Mr. Carnegie paid;. ! the expense bill of 80 men and women in en¬ tirety who contracted typhoid. Has any bene- I faction similar to this been known before in I history? To speak of his benefactions would be to write j a volume. Doubtless his greatest gift was for j hard work coupled with intellect such 'that he 'V<0f was a first class businessman. As an educa-. tional administrator he must rank first in America. This is- all the more striking when it is remembered that he had little formal edu¬ cation but succeeded in spite of it. His life bears the hallmarks of intellect of high caliber and of an energy that only death H could quench. Culturally, he was a man of rare f, personal qualities and a delightful companion, He often was awakened by a pipe organ in his New York home, and like.d nothing better than to listen to Scotch bagpipes and music. Men’s opinions of Mr. Carnegie were as golden as was h}s great wealth, with which he wanted to ben¬ efit mankind., He had eyes to see into the very heart of things and to give an acute dissection and noth¬ ing seemed to defy his analysis.' His was a post graduate course in the college of huma^' difficulties and his life course marked himjfs a most successful student. One should mentfpn his strength and persistency which were as great.'as his intelligent efforts. He lived with the splendid heroism of a man who had weighed life and found what it was worth to himself and to others. Truly his life stands out as one upholding the finest tradi¬ tions of America and I am glad to add this friendly testimonial, insufficient though it may be. HOWARD C. SMITH Weogufka, Ala., Nov. 27, 1935. CARNEGIE, DISTRIBUTOR— f /^ndr'ew Carnegie, whose birth ^ century j i is bein^ceteb-rated this week bdtfiHn his i j J^tive Scotland and his adopted America, was | j not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise distri- ? butor of. millions. Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 million of the i dollars he picked up so easily over hete. He l j kept only 15 millions, which proved ample. \ His benefactions in libraries and in health, j scientific and peace foundations, “grubstaked I a regiment of prospectors r on tlie frontiers .of lear'inng” and understanding. They will bear j t‘ r nit in a more civilized humanity for genera- j tions to come. | Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multi-millionaires it might not have been ! necessary for the Government now to take I measures for sowing the national wealth more! widely. In a country where multi-millionaires i I have ceased to be a novelty, the Carnegies, j j Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare, j I Too many of the very rich took all their sav- I ings and Reinvested them in their own plants, i in an effort to make more money or for want | of any idea of what to do with their excess- That is 1 one reason why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant to overbuilt that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor' that they couldn’t buy what it did not turn out. ( As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rug- j ged individualist, but as a spender he was a j social-tninded and broad-visioned humanist.— I Birmingham Post. ------—------. - -..- - A2 VlK. The Light Of Other Minds Editorials of Interest Gleaned From the Outside Press. Academic Freedom Ambassador Hans Luther of Germany visited Mad¬ ison not long ago and students of the University of ; Wisconsin so heckled him at a meeting that he left in a state of mind that combined rage and disgust. He J was there by invitation to give his side of the Ger¬ man picture, to explain what, why and how from the j Nazi point of view, and the students insisted on ask¬ ing questions about highly controversial subjects. They obviously had no desire for anything except j the embarrassment of their guest, according to the j testimony of the Milwaukee Journal. That being the j case, they displayed both inexcusably bad manners i and a horribly distorted idea of what academic free- j dom ought to mean. It does not follow, of course, that the presence of Dr. Luther at Madison involved any obligation to ■ agree with him or to believe in his sincerity. It as¬ suredly did not obligate anyone who heard him to j remit any jot or tittle of whatever hatred for or dis- i gust with Nazism may have been held previously. The I circumstances, however, did dictate a courteous hearing and a restriction .of questions and answers to . the matters prearranged for discussion. It is entirely evident that Dr. Luther could not with either propri- ( ety or safety comment on certain phases of the Nazi | regime before any sort of an audience. He should 1 never have been invited to Madison unless such limits f had been placed and enforced. An eminent German expert on municipal affairs visited Memphis not long ago and made an address at Southwestern on the methods used in training German public servants. It was predicated in ad¬ vance that he would not discuss politically controver- j sial matters, and the audience, which fired questions ; at him briskly at the end of the formal talk, politely and appropriately observed the restriction. There is a power of virtue in keeping things sepai’ate, as some one of Rudyard Kipling’s characters was fond of-ob- serving. The group at Southwestern doubtless had its own curiosity about Nazism in its controversial ■ phases and its own ideas about them, too. but it. 1 realized there are times and places for all things. The main body of students at the University of I Wisconsin, by the way, led by the Daily Cardinal, the student newspaper, pungently and sanely tie- i plored the performance here in question. The student ! hecklers desired to have their say, shut off every i other opinion, and insult anyone who proposed to i differ with them. It is the usual way of partisans and propagandists, but it ill comports with education in its true sense.—Commercial Appeal. -O-* Carnegie, Distributor Andrew Carnegie, whose birth a century ago is being celebrated'this week both in his native Scotland 1 and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise distributor of millions. Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 million of the dollars he picked up so easily over here. He kept only 15 millions, which | proved ample. His benefactions in libraries and in f health, scientific and peace foundations “grubstaked a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of learning” and understanding. They will bear fruit in a more civilized humanity for generations to oome. Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multi-millionaires it might not have been necessary for the Government now to take measures for sowing the national wealth more widely. In a country where multi-millionaires have ceased to be a novelty, the Carnegies. Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare. Too many of the very rich took all their sav¬ ings and reinvested them in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is one reason why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant so overbuilt that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn't buy what it did turn out. As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged in¬ dividualist, but as a spender he was a social-minded and broad-visioned humanist.—Birmingham Post. --—O—--- “William Allen White says a sagacious, if obvious, thing when he remarks in an article written for a ■ Princeton University publication that the Republican . party ‘cannot hope to succeed if it offers a nonde¬ script candidate upon a platform of indictment.’ Mr. White states the case with his accustomed clarity: | ‘The Republican party, which is supposed to be the party of ‘brains’ and wealth, must realize that it cannot demagogue its way into power by indictment of the Democrats without offering some definite, j constructive program to replace the program of the | party they seek to overthrow.’ The Sage. of Emporia ; has never uttered truer words.”—St. Louis Post-Dis¬ patch. (Ind.) --O-- “In the large, the depression was the elimination : Of; unhealthy, however innocent, arrangements in agriculture, in business and | in finance."—President Roosevelt. \ ^ \ \\y > %e Honor Andrew Carnegie A hundred years ago today Andrew Carnegie was born in a little town in Scotland. A'few years later his ! family braved a seven-week trij) across the Atlantic to a new home in America. He was 13 years of age i when the family settled near 'Pittsburgh and Andrew started upon his career that was to mark him as. one of the most beloved of Americans.. He successively served as messenger boy, telegraph operator, sleeping car manufacturer, oil operator, su¬ perintendent of railroads during the Civil War, * steel manufacturer and later steel corporation magnate. In 1901 the Carnegie Steel Co. was merged into the IJnited States Steel Corp. He came into a land of wood¬ en towns and left a nation of steel. The millions of dollars he took from the nation he returned for worthy enterprises; most noteworthy, of course, were his library donations, The education that was not his, die* wanted, to place within easy reach of all 2 11 g In 1911 he established the Carnegie Corporation with an endowment of $125,000,000, an amount.. that was increased upon the settlement • of the Carnegie es¬ tate for the advancement and diffusion'.of knowledge and understanding among the people of the United StatesJ.V ... • f ' . ' ... Though he is. best knovfri for his library, contribu¬ tions, his other philanthropies would All the. page. 'He: died iii 1919, his fortune ehcJoWed in funds i that will continue to serve. Americh ifor hcuntless Uyears.: , It is fitting that this outstanding pa^pitalist be saluted on the date of his birth: ; ; ; \J Good Books Available nPHIS YEAR MARKS the hundredth anniversary of the birth .. ‘ of Awdrftw A™*"™"" came one of the nation’s nbhest men and who used his money for the advancement of knowledge. The great scientific institutions which operate under his foundation are premier in their line, but it is the public li¬ braries of the nation which bring Carnege closest to the people. Almost no town hi America missed out in getting some money from Carnegie to further or found the local public library. The free access to books which our public libraries afford to the people is in no small measure a factor in the high percentage of literacy in this country. This community has excellent library facilities, yet many residents here do not make use of them. The world’s best books, greatest masterpieces, are available to local residents, free of charge; the librarians can help in finding what is wanted, or make valuable suggestions. Two Cemtiiry Anniversaries j America pauses this week to honor I the memory of two noted characters in the nation’s history, albeit of ex- tremely divergent characteristics. The one hundredth anniversary of | the birth of Andrew .Carnegie o c- 1 curred on Monday, wfiile today”marks I the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twuih). Both of these men are well remembered by the present generation, as outstanding in their lines of endeavor, therefore, it is with a sense of refl acquaintanceship that Americans pay sincere homage M to them this week. Coming to the United States from ; Scotland early in his teens, Andrew Carnegie, with the canny shrewdness of a Scot, amassed a fortune in the „ steel business which made him one of the richest men of our times. Through it all, however, Mr. Carnegie never lost sight of humanity during his aggressive though peaceful life. ; Monuments to his goodness are to be found in over 2200 municipal i libraries which have been erected j through the Carnegie Foundation to provide recreation and education for the rich and the poor alike. River- | side Carnegie library is one of these. He was also a generous giver to many \ educational institutions. Andrew Carnegie was an enthusi- | astic promoter of peace. He wanted ■ peace for mankind, and to this end | created an endowment that drew J these words of praise from Secretary of State Hull in an address at Wash¬ ington on Mr. Carnegie’s centenary ! day: Among the many high purposes to which Andrew Carnegie gaye the best years of his j life, the one which commanded his greatest enthusiasm and devotion was the maintenance of peace throughout the world, but especially | on the American continent. The establishment of the Carnegie endowment for international peace is the outward expression of his dedica- j tion to this great cause. * * * I It would be a fine tribute to Mark | Twain if the American people would I sit down in their respective homes | and re-read one of the great story | teller’s wonderful stories over the | week-end. It would also be a great f treat to the readers of the nation. We | believe the general public could do f itself a good turn by renewing its j interest in old-time favorites and get- [j ting acquainted with unread, volumes, t Samuel L. Clemens, when not ab- i sorbed in his writing, loved to specu- j late and was constantly investing in I hair-brained schemes such as gold mines, old farms, printing machines, and so forth. Famous as a humorist, and always laughing, there is a some¬ what bitter strain in all his humor as ; though he did not enjoy life to the : ■full- A : V\\^o\vG His early life was alternated be¬ tween mining and newspaper work. Later he embarked in the publishing 1 business which ended disastrously. 1 Mark Twain was one of America’s noted humorists, with a trenchant satire which marked him as one of | the most appealing > authors of the I period in which he lived. California ; has reason to honor Mark Twain with a great deal of satisfaction for \ it was in this state he found the locale for some of his most attractive stories. In Calaveras county he en- j gaged in placer mining without much I success. He was a newspaper report- j er in San Francisco and 70 years ago i traveled over California and Nevada delivering humorous lectures. j The list of Mark Twain’s works j contains many volumes whose droll [ humor and brilliant satire have set j the entire nation smiling.. We have . always been particularly susceptible ; to “Tom Sawyer” and “Huckleberry :■ Finn.” We regard these two stories"j as the most appealing boys’ stories j ever written. I Film rights to' many of Mark . Twain’s stories have been. sold for j fabulous amounts, in fact it is said * that since his death, 25 years ago his writings have made more thank; twice as much as during his entire J life time. | Great men with the goodness of j Andrew Carnegie and the literary ; genius of Samuel Langhorne Clem-; ens, will live in the minds of their fellowmen through the years. It is! well, however, that on anniversary occasions such as the present we recall their virtues and point out to rising generations the characteristics; which made them great. 4 >< WEALTH—A MEANS, NOT AN END During the past week, commemorative exercises have been held in hundreds of American cities and small towns, honoring the birthday of one of America’s first multi-mil¬ lionaires—Andrew Carnegie. But the birthday of the little Scotsman was not Kbirore^just because he amassed a huge fortune. Others of his contemporary Americans achieved that dubious distinction—some even achieved the title of “robbef barons.” Had all these chosen to use their wealth as Carnegie willed his should be used, there would be less criticism of and class antagonism toward the men whose wealth produced America’s “gilded age.” That the amassing of Carnegie’s fortune was devoid of some of the evil methods and unfair dealings of the day cannot be avowed, but that he early realized the evils of concentrated wealth and appre¬ ciated the fact that only through public cooperation can an individual acquire wealth, distinguished him in a period that was marked by the sudden amassing of great fortunes. The name, “Carnegie,” to the present generation of Amer¬ icans first suggests public libraries, as the whole nation is dotted with these mediums of information and pleasure through the benevolence of the poor Scots boy who became the rich American man. But the library field is not the only one in which Carnegie funds are used for service and benefit to mankind. Carnegie Technology Institute, to promote sci¬ entific progress, stands as a perpetual monument to the man in the state where his wealth was made. The Carnegie Hero Fund for recognition of heroes of peace and a pension fund for college and university teachers incapacitated by illness or old age are the trusts through which individuals may spe¬ cifically benefit. More far-reaching is the Carnegie trust for the ‘ estab¬ lishment of peace,” to which much credit is due for the peace education that is permeating the world in spite of all the deterrent influences against it. Andrew Carnegie not only believed that concentrated wealth was “an almighty curse,” but he. demonstrated that belief by giving 90 per cent of the 360-million-dollar fortune he acquired to benefit his fellowmen. He was even so “rad¬ ical” as to advocate an inheritance tax back in the days of another Roosevelt’s “square deal.” Other wealthy Americans have and are using part of their wealth for benevolent purposes, but Andrew Carnegie, we believe, has the distinction of being the first multimillion¬ aire who came by his wealth through his own efforts to re¬ alize that money is not just an instrument 'for creating more money. To him is attributed the expressed sentiment that : “to die rich is a disgrace.” That he died enriching others accounts for the commemoration of the hundredth anniver¬ sary of his birth. An f e w Carnegie, widely-known ric] man a business force and the person back o the r^rnegm libraries which dot the land had some sound ideas. Some of his notioni have been given publicity on posters beim used now m commemoration of the one hun dredth anniversary, November 25, of hi< birth. Waverly is blessed with a Carnegie library and it is fitting that we should note Carnegie had something to say concerning his favorite benefaction. s What he said was: “I choose free lib¬ raries as the best agencies for improving the masses of the people because they give noth- mg for nothing. They only help those who e p themselves. They never pauperize. Ihey reach the aspiring, and open to those the chief treasures of the world, those stor¬ ed up m books. A taste for reading drives out lower tastes. I prefer the free public li- brary to most if not any other agencies for me happiness and improvement of com¬ munities.” ANDREW CARNEGIE. Last . week the world observed the 100th anniversary of the Scotch-American, And rew Carneg ie, the poor mes¬ senger boy whose visions of thZd^Sepmenlrof steel made one of the greatest fortunes in the development of this metal and virtually gave it all away before his death. Every school child knows about the man who gave public libraries throughout the United States. He turned Pitts¬ burgh into one of the world’s famous steel Centers and made 40 of his associates millionaires. He was born in Scotland and came to America as a boy. His centen¬ nial anniversary was celebrated throughout this country and Scotland. In Washington, Secretary of State Hull, in a speech praised the steel magnate for establishment of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Re¬ calling the close friendship between Carnegie and Mark Twain, Cyril Clemens, president of the International Mark Twain Society and a cousin of the humorist, recounted in St. Louis the story of a man telling Twain that “Carnegie money is all tainted!” “Yes, it is,” remarked Mark Twain, “ ’tain’t yours and ’tain’t mine.” Carnegie Week Sacramento this week joins in the nationwide observance of the 100th anni-S versarv 6f An^iew Carnegie’s *birth. As is, fitting:; the city freeTibY&ry, endowed by ACarm-ie, takes the leading part in the! , ceremonies. Andrew Carnegie, born in a weaver’s cot-j tage in Scotland, gave away $65,000,000 for the establishment, endowment or equip-! ment of nearly 3000 libraries. A poor boy to whom the loan of a book was a boon! incalculable, his desire was to make books available to everyone. He was one of the first Americans to recognize great wealth as a public trust. His philanthropy took on various aspects, but it is for his remarkable benefactions to American culture, in es¬ tablishing hundreds of libraries, that he will chiefly be known to posterity. Open house at the city library gives Sacramentans an opportunity to acquaint themselves thoroughly with the work of this big community educational force, if they have not already done so. Only a small part of the actual work of the library is apparent in the reference and reading rooms the average library patron visits. Behind the Scenes is a big ahd loyal organ¬ ization whose duty it is to maintain the library at its present point of prestige and efficiency. i \ 100 Years of Library Progress Observance of Andrew Carnegie’s birthday centennial took place simultaneously in 3,000 Carnegie and many other libraries thruout the world from November 25 to 27. In New York City festivities arranged by the Carnegie foundations opened with a special" choral- orchesfraf performance at Carnegie Hall, with a program reminiscent of Tschaikowsky, who in 1891 journeyed to this country to take part in the five-day festival which opened the Hall. Sir James Irvine, principal and vice chan¬ cellor of St. Andrews University in Scotland, represented the four British Carnegie trusts at the memorial in this country, while John H. Finley, associate editor of the New York Times, addressed the assembly in Dunferm¬ line, the ancient capital of Scotland where Andrew Carnegie was born. American libraries observed the centennial in their individual communities so as to bring the library movement and its needs to the fore with local citizens, according to news sent to A. L. A. Headquarters. Radio broad¬ casts by a number of librarians told listeners of the remarkable growth in library facilities for both adults and children since the days when the Carnegie building program gave local public libraries a fresh start. Financial support to provide adequately for this in¬ creased use of books and services was stressed by others. Brief notes of library development fostered by Carnegie gifts were prepared by one library, to be read by broadcasters when they gave station announcements. Theaters ran trailer films; bookstores donated window displays; and newspapers were generous with editorial and news space. Librarians themselves invited local groups, prominent townsfolk, and teachers to join with them in holding open house at the library. For these occasions exhibits were arranged which would show visitors some of the unusual features of their work, such as the talking book for blind patrons. Citizen sup¬ port and interest were enlisted by other librarians who used the occasion to renew their plea for adequate library quarters, show¬ ing with pictorial graphs the library’s growth since their Carnegie Njibrary was built. Pro¬ motion of a citizens’ library council, whose members would interest their friends and associates in the library, was introduced into another city’s activities. ; UV\W Success A MAN who wrote books on “salesmanship and success” died the other day and left an estate of less than $1,000. They put over the story: “Success Author Dies Poor.” • That was true if his only conception of success was amassing money. And it was wide of the mark if this particular man found success in influencing the lives of others to improve their condition. Andrew Qarnegie’ s success was not in making $350,000,000 but in disposing of it for the betterment of the human race. Success means different things to different men. K. jn. A'\ V SUCCE&S The man who wrote books died the other day, leaving an dollars. They put over the Poor.” on salesmanship and success | estate of less than a thousand story: “Success Author Dies That was true only if his conception of success, was the amassing of huge sums of money. And it was wide of the mark it this particular man found success in influencing the lives ot others to improve their condition. ™£u dl i ew C arne g ie ’s success was not in amassing $ 350 , 000 ,- 000 but rather in disposing of it for the betterment of the human race. Success means different things to different iJiv | CARNE GIE. DISTRIBUTOR ! New Y ork 'World - Telegram : Andrew Carnegie, whose birth century ago is being celebrated tl year, both in his native Scotland ai his adopted America, was not a me giver, but a profoundly wise distril utor of millions. Before he was 75 the old ironma ter had plowed back into Ameri< 435 millions of the dollars he picke up so easily over here. He kept on 15 millions, which proved ampl His benefactions in libraries and i health, scientific and peace founds tions “grubstaked’ a regiment c prospectors on the frontiers of learn ing and understanding. They wi bear fruit in a more civilized human ity for generations to come. Had Carnegie’s example been fol lowed by other multi-millionaires i uugiit not have been necessary fo: ( the government now t to take meas- uies for sowing the national wealth , more widely, in a country whert j multi-millionaires have ceased to be ! ^°Z r eit y> the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare. Too many of the very rich took all their savings and re-invested them in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant so over-built that one-fifth of it w*s loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy what it did turn out. j As an earner Andrew Carnegie was [a rugged individual, but as a spender he was a social-minded and broad- yisioned humanist. Rural Libraries. With the help of Andrew 1 Carnegie, the cities and towns of the United States have [ been pretty well supplied with free public I libraries even though maintenance Ms been j difficult in recent years and few libraries are able to do all that they feel they should, j Because of this city people are likely to forget j that many of the citizens of Minnesota do not i live within reach of libraries. There is a movement in progress to supply isolated places with boxes of books, exchanged . from time to time, by means of county library i systems, as some Minnesota counties have been, doing for years with success. A little money goes a long way in such library service and as finances permit such work should be extended. There are many government expenditures less defensible than those for free libraries, rural and urban. vw | Honor Carnegie j The Detroit Public Library last jweek honored the centennial of the /birth of Andrew Carnegie through ;whose benefactions the Main Li- > brary and eight branch libraries [were made possible. The program here started with a ; dree planting on the lawn of the ’ Main Library on Monday, Novem- j ber 25, the 100th anniversary of I the philanthropist’s birth. Follow- ( ing this, at the Art Institute a rep- resentative group of people heard eulogies from Rabbi Franklin, f Councilman * John W. Smith, Rev. ' : Albert Poetker and Rev. Hugh ; Jack. Mayor Couzens and Mr. Strohm, librarian, spoke. I Redford Branch is displaying an j interesting group of Carnegie pos- j ters, one, a picture of the steel ; j king; the others embody the phil- : j osophy of the man in sayings taken ( from his writings. Book jjjWeek This week, Noyi 17 to 23rd, marlces the nineteenth , annual observation | of Children^, .Book Week. “Reading 1 i for Fun” is the general theme used [ in the celebration -this year, and it f seem an especially good one, as most jj boys and girls who read do find it js-j fun. The children of the grade school I have made some . very interesting j; posters concerning books and read- '! ing which are on display in the! children’s corner 0 f the library. All ii of the patrons of the library are in-' vited to. come in and see the exhibits. One very clever exhibit, worked out by the children of the Third j Grade, is scenes from the books 1; “House at iPooh-iGomer” and “W'innie- the-Pooh” made from coloured model¬ ing clay. Posters from this grade represent other scenes from the same ; two books. The seventh and eighth grade art I classes have a number of posters on j display, and the sixth and fourth I grade have some 1 posters illustrating f their favorite books. Children from the Maple Grove country school have on display some themes telling of; favorite books and what fun reading : is. w - ), { " ' " I Two Anniversaries } Next week marks the one-hundred¬ th anniversary of the birth of two i world-famous figures, both of whom j- : deserve mention: in the world of l J books, and libraries. An^yj^jg^r- | negie was born November 25, 1835, ! and later became'" .sq interested in ; libraries that he gave sixty-five mill¬ ion dollars to forwarding [the library i movement. This anniversary is being celebrated all over the country, with formal ceremonies in New York, Pitts burgh and Washington. A very beautiful portrait of Carnegie has been received at the library from the Carnegie Foundation, as the Milford Library i s a Carhegie library. The library does not now receive any sup¬ port from the Foundation, but the building was erected with its help. Samuel L. Clemens, or as more people know him, “Mark Twain” was born on Nov. 30, 1835. One of the mosit original and best loved of all j American writers, fyis controversy has always raged, as to whether or not Mark Twain contributed any¬ thing to American literature, still ; his\,“Huck Finn” and “Tom Sawyer” remain ^ perennial favorities with adults as Well,- as chil di-ei^...... - — M ... . ■■ " I The C arnegie Example Perhaps the most,. extraordinary job given to memories by the cen¬ tennial of Andrew Carnegie’s birth¬ day was the extraordinary variety of his interests and gifts. In the f public mind it is the scores of li braries which have become identi¬ fied with the name. The amiable weakness for seeing his name carv¬ ed in stone on a building has serv¬ ed, oddly enough to push into the background many of the other fine gifts, the creations of a true gen¬ erosity and a bold imagination. Immortality is a willful jade, in short. She selects what appeals to her for public preservation, and neither organization nor the mere power of money'can alter her de¬ cisions. Among the many different gifts, from the Peace Palace at The I Hague to beloved Carnegie Hall in 1 New York, it is undoubtedly the vast || funds granted to education, both to- j ward the betterment of the lot of $ the professor and, even more sig nificapt, toward the advancement of research and learning, which Y. best deserve to be Andrew Carne- ' gie’s monument. If the present cel- N ebration does nothing else than to - remind the public, of these great H donations it will have justified it . I /I I N THE be. Carneg WORLD, this mobth; will gted the centenary - of Andrew Car- s born November 25, 1835, at Dun- land, a ltd:' emigrated to the. United 8. Libraries everywhere, whether bene- >t, are invited byThe American Library Association to take psrt iri a special program in honor of the date. 1 '• The C arne . ^ia«> ^Tt!Toration was " Established , in 1911, building libraries. Mr.' Carnegie provided 'fifty million dollars for this purpose. Later, some fourteen millions more were distributed. Despite the fact that the final grants were made in 1917, the corporation still receives about a hun¬ dred requests every year for buildings., Many de¬ mands are made that the corporation do something about conditions in these libraries. But the corpo¬ ration does not own, control, supervise, administer or advise. The$e. free public libraries are going concerns and must stand on their own feet. In the years mentioned, a total of 2,507 build¬ ings were erected, 1900 of them in the United States and Canada. After a survey of conditions made by Dr. Alvin S. Johnson, director of the New School for Social Research, he suggested that the Carnegie Corporation urge upon the American Li¬ brary Association the assumption of services to these libraries, and he urged a grant of funds for the purpose. It was a remarkable work that Mr. Carnegie a did, and his corporation is likely to continue i^ Hundreds of towns and cities that would otherw be without library privileges, now have handjwfrne buildings and valuable collections of books. What Others Say Carnegie, Distributor. New York World-Telegram. Andrew Carn egie , whose birth a century ago is being celebrated this year, both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise dis¬ tributor of millions. Before he was 75 the old ironmaster had plowed back into America .435 millions of the dollars he picked up so easily over here. He kept only fifteen millions, which proved ample. His benefactions ‘in libraries and in health, scientific and peace foundations “grubstaked’ a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of learning and understanding'. They will bear fruit in a more ;• civilised humanity for gen¬ erations', to come. V 1 Had Qarnegie’s example been followed by other multi-millionaires it might not have been necessary for the government now to take measures for sowing the national wealth more widely. In a country where multi-mil¬ lionaires have ceased to be a novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare. Too many of the very rich took all their savings and re-invested them in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is why our most prosper¬ ous years found the industrial plant so over¬ built that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy what it did turn out. As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged individualist, but as a spender he was a social-minded and broad-visioned humanist. ■ ' CARNEGIE AS AN EXAMPLE. A booklet on “The Benefactions of Andrew Carnegie,” recently, issued by his biographer, Burtop J. Hendricks, is timely in view of the “so4k the rich” and “share the wealth” theories promulgated in Washington and elsewhere. The attitude of the President and some others, if they had been in effect a few decades ago, would have made Carnegie’s fortune impossible and his benefactions but of question. Andrew Carnegie’s example, therefore, should be given, thoughtful consideration by those who are dis¬ posed to be impressed by appeals to tax’ wealth to the point of confiscation, Andrew Carnegie gave away $350,000,^00 dur¬ ing his lifetime and left endowment fufids that are carrying on humanitarian efforts that will be of inestimable benefit long after the “share the wealth” clamor has been forgotten. He showed special interest in the building up of public libraries and gave the funds for 2,811 li¬ brary buildings, to be maintained by the local communities. He gave millions for the cause of education. Thousands of teachers in the insti¬ tutions of higher education have been enabled to retire on pensions paid by a fund he ,had es¬ tablished. * The great Carnegie Institute of Technology was established and endowed by him. ; He set aside a fund of $30,000,000 that is being ad¬ ministered in Washington to carry on !medical and scientific research work. Nobody can esti¬ mate the importance of such a fund to humanity. It makes possible progress that would not be at¬ tempted otherwise. Mr. Carnegie contributed generously to promote the cause of world peace I and erected the beautiful building in The Hague j for the use of the World Court and, other inter- j national * agencies for better ' -understanding [ among the nations. If we had had the Roosevelt “soak the rich” tax system , when Carnegie was' a youth there would not today be the libraries, the pension funds, the school and scientific research organi¬ zations provided by the ironmaster. There would not even be the great steel corporation he cre¬ ated, along with others that have followed. They have made quantity production and low costs possible as well as providing employment for millions. Yet, under the share the wealth theory, Mr. Carnegie and all he accomplished must have been mistakes. j o\ _' ■ A thought that conies to many in connection with the tributes paid to An dr^ Jfi amegie on the centennial occasion is that there would have ■been, l’ew if apy Carnegie libraries and his peace and research foiindations would have heen meager, Indeed, had he lived under New Deal tax Yestrictions. That may not be at all dis¬ turbing „to the zealots for'Socialism and Com¬ munism, buIji it is worthy, of passing note, not¬ withstanding. , . THE CARNEGIE EXAMPLE (New York Herald Tribune) Perhaps the most striking mem¬ ories recalled by the centennial of Andrew Carnegie's birthday was the extraordinary variety of his interests 1 and gifts. In the public mind it is the scores of libraries' which have become identified with the name. The amiable weakness for seeing his name carved in stonq on a building has seiwed,, oddly enough, to push in¬ to the background many of the pother fine gifts, the creations of a jtrue generosity and a hold irnag- |ination. Immortality is a wilful jade, in short. She selects what appeals to her for public preservation, and neither organization nor the mere power of money can alter her de¬ cisions. Among the many different gifts, from the. Peace Palace to The Hague to the beloved Carne¬ gie Hall in this city; it is un¬ doubtedly the vast, funds granted to education, both toward the bet¬ terment of the lot of the profes¬ sor and, even more significant, toward the advancement of re¬ search and learning, which best deserve to be Andrew Carnegie's monument. In the present celebra¬ tion does nothing else than to re¬ mind the, public of these great donations it will have justified itself. VO p\|CUO»» "1vnV£V / / CARNEGIE’S CREED il" Audipw Carnegie's .. .rise to! f weallfi reans^ttt^airAlger novel.' 1 staging as a bobbin boy ;in at | cotton mill he became, aV tele-1 ! graph "Messenger and later £K|35 ■ a week railroad clerk. At tlie j age of 30 years, through wise in- | vestments he resigned his job to become a capitalist. In 1899 he I was one of the country’s richest 1 men and he then said that a | man who died rich “died disgrac- | ed.” He felt that the rich should ! accumulate and then distribute, | Critics laughed at him as he | squeezed the pennies even when j one of the world’s most wealthy i men. When he died, it was ! found that he had given away or i put into trust funds for public) | use. 90 per cent of his $385,000,- ; j 000 fortune. Would that other! ; financiers had such worthy) I ideals. _ ~ J CARNEGIE LIBRARY NOTES JV-C CXT"*-*-' \ / CARNEGIE, DISTRIBUTOR Nmw York World-Telegram: /Andrew Carnegie,^whose birth a rX tury R g.xJ^^ritTig celebrated mis f year, both in his native Scotland j and his adopted America, was not a | mere giver, but a profoundly w|se / distributor of millions. Before he was 75 the old ironmas- ; j ter had plowed back into America f 435 millions of the dollars he pick- f ed up so easily over here. He keptj only 15 millions, which proved.! ample. His benefactions in librar- j ies and in health, scientific and! peace foundations “grubstaked” a l regiment of prospectors on thej- frontiers of learning and under-) standing. They will bear fruit in a more civilized humanity for genera¬ tions to come. Had Carnegie’s example been fol¬ lowed by other multi-millionaires it might not have been necessary for the government now to take meas¬ ures for sowing the national wealth more widely. v In a country where multi-millionaires have ceased to be a-novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefel¬ lers and Harknesses are all too rare. Too many of the very rich took all their savings and re-invested them in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want of any idea of what to do with their excess. That is why our most pros- j porous years found the industrial | plant so over-built that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy wha.t it did. turn out.. As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rugged individual, but as a spender lie was a social-minded and broad-visioned humanist. A THE CARNEGIE EXAMPLE. ' CN-ew York Herald-Tribune) (Perhaps the most extraordinary jog given to memories by the eent^nnijal of Andrew Carnegie’s birthday was the extraordinarir^ariety 8f his inter¬ ests and gifts. In the public mind it is the scores of libraries which have become identified with the name. The amiable. weakness for seeing bis name carved in stone On a building has seryed, Oddty enough, td push into the background many of the other fine gifts, the creations of a true generos¬ ity and a bold imagination. Immortality IS a willful jade, in short. She selects what Appeals to her for publifc pieServatiOih aiid nei¬ ther organization nor the mere power of money can alter her decisions. Among the many different gifts, from the Peace Palace at The Hague to beloved Cdriiegie Hall iri this city, it is undoubtedly the vast funds granted \ to education, both toward the better- jj ment of the lot of the professor and, ; even more significant, toward the ad¬ vancement Of research and learning, Which best deserve to be Andrew Car¬ negie’s monument. • If the present celebration does nothing else than to remind the public of these great do- \ nations it will have justified itself. Ills example reinforced his words. Because of what he did, his descrip- * tion of his ideals has a real eloquence j today. .Let us set them down for I their present lesson and warning: j ‘This; then* is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: To set anjj example of modest, unostentatious liv¬ ing, 7shunnihg display of extravagance; to provide moderately for the legiti¬ mate wants of those dependent upon him; and aftei doing So, to consider all surplus feveiiuqg which coinie to him simply as trust fUhds, which he cailfed upon' to administer itt the manner which, in his judgment, is best ealbulatfed to provide the most beneficial results for the community— the man of wealth thus becoming the mere trustee and 1 agent for his poorer Brethren.” It would be impossible /even rough¬ ly to estimate the gifts of the last generation made in America. The Car¬ negie example has hot been followed literally by many. But its spirit has been accepted and followed by count¬ less thousands of Americans, of mod¬ est wealth and of great wealth, as the continuing stream of gifts :to hospitals, to Churches, to schools, to museums, to . universities, to libraries, to every other noble cause, bears witness. One of the questions clearly before the nation today is whether this stream is or i£ not to be dried up. Hill! ‘If I ever get to be rich,” said a 1 poor boy in Pittsburgh one day, “I’m j going to see to it that every man, I woman and child in the country | has access to a free library.” | That was nearly a hundred years | ago; and the poor boy’s name was ' Andrew Carnegie; He was working dong hours, for low wages; put he somehow found time to read the books which he was allowed to take B from the private library of a benevo- lent man named Colonel Anderson. (Colonel Anderson was interested in ;he problems of working boys, and realized how few places there were for them to get the kind of books they needed; so he allowed them -each week to take out a book from his library, bringing it back the next week to get another one, much as we do now in a public library. It seemed a small service; but by means of it Colonel Anderson un¬ consciously started a whole system of public libraries; for one of his working hoys was the man whose name has became immortal through his benefactions in the library world. Andrew Carnegie said “I have been a^coficentrator all my life . . . I am in the library manufacturing business, and beg to be allowed to concentrate my time upon it till it is fulfilled. If ever it is filled, I shall, of course, have to look out for j other employment.” Of libraries he said, “I think a free library, maintained by the peo- pie, fruitful in the extreme, .because j the library gives nothing far noth- ; ing; because it helps only those that | help themselves; because it does notj sap the foundation of manly inde- j pendence; because it does not pau-! perize; because it stretches a hand to the aspiring and places a ladder upon which they can only ascend by doing the climbing themselves. You cannot boost a man up a lad¬ der! This is not charity, this is not philanthropy; it is the people them¬ selves helping themselves by taxing themselves.” On Monday of this week the coun¬ try celegrated the birthday of this man who “helped people to help themselves. The library is celebrat¬ ing it with exhibits which will be up all week; and is calling special attention to the very fine portrait of Mr. Carnegie which now hangs in the reference room of the library, and which was sent to us by the Carnegie Corporation in com- memorto>n of this important cen¬ tennial. % " - "HONOR CARYEGTFS IMPTHDAY About *0 friend*- of the Farmington Public Library gathered at the libr¬ ary Monday evening to honor the birthdav anniversary of Andrew Car¬ negie. A short program appropriate to the occasion was given and those present were again impressed with the many beefits received bv this community since Mr. Carnegie as¬ sisted in locating one of his many benefactions here. 'b'v —v';_. —< Good Books Available i YEAR MARKS the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Andr eyf Carnegie. American of Scottish birth who be¬ came one of the nation’s richest men and who used his money for the advancement of knowledge. The great scientific institutions which operate under his foundation are premier in their line, but it is the public li¬ braries of the nation which bring Carnege closest to the people. Almost no town in America missed out in getting some money from Carnegie to further or found the local public, library. The free access to books which Our public libraries afford to the people is in no small measure a factor in the high percentage of literacy in this country. /\^Wc3Lst V% CARNEGIE service TfttrSlendon' public library was the scene of a very impressive program on Monday evening when the township joined with the vil¬ lage to commemorate the 10 0 birthday anniversary of Andrew Eaftmigie. The library doors were opened at seven o’clock and the program began -at eight with H. E. Cust¬ ard aa to aster of . ceremonies. Community singing was led by Miss Ruth Tomlinson with Mrs, Ernest Warrick at the piano. There followed a short review of the history of .the library by Mrs, Edith TTickmott. In 18 82 a group of women, led by Mrs. IT. C Clapp, founded what was ..known as the Ladies’ Library association and seven years later in 18 8 9 Mrs. Amelia Flanders made i canvass, obtained signatures for a Tree township library, land th organization was completed in April of that year. Mrs. Alec. Oust anl was secretary of that organi- zaztion. They received a donation of 197 books from the Ladies’ Library association. In 1905, Mrs. Alec Custard and HI. L. McClellan applied to the ^Carnegie' institution for the don ation available through that in¬ stitution, and in the spring of 190 6 ,the present building was ready to be the permanent home of Mention's library. At first the library was open to patrons only on Saturday afternoon, but time went on, it was possible for the public to visit the library oft- ener and at present the library is open on Monday, and Wednesday afternoons and Saturday after¬ noon and evening. Since the beginning, there have been 61 persons to serve on the library board. The librarians have been Mrs, Nettie Bennett, Mrs. Orla Miles, Mrs. Ella Ingersoll, Mrs. Fannie Dukette, Mrs. C. A. Calkins, Mrs. Margaret Martin, Mrs. Grace Osgood, Mrs. Strickland, Mrs. Viol^ Bei the present librarian, Mrs. Belh Autin. The late Mrs. Nellie Strick Ignd* served in that office . fo thirteen years and Mrs. Grace Os good served eleven years. Following this history, Mis ibel Swearingen spoke for Mrs. Viola Perry explained lia! Flanders was a gift of McClellan. Mrs. Flanders Stewart was first a possessio the Meridon school and the < of 1 880 bears his signature moderator on the diplomas. A his memory had faded in minds of on-qoming students, portrait was presented to tit. hrary where it can be viewe< those who. remember him* don township and received medical education in Ann Ai Following this talk by : , , Ab[fiIL£.^. AlAJINEGIE \ [ La^week those people who re- \ mem^red celebrated the biiihday of j a certain well-known land ,well-re- j t membered man. He was born in Dunfermline,? 1 Scotland, on November 15, 1835, and I J came to this country with his fam-f ; jl P in 1848 and settled near Pitts-: ,i burgh. His first job waa a weaver’s' j assistant. After that he became al I telegraph messenger and learned telegraphy. .Then he became a tele¬ graph operator on the Pennsylvania railroad. After a series of promotions j he was superintendent of the Pitts- j bur gh division. He iwas a partner to I Woodruff of the Woodruff Sleeping j Car Company; here he made the i basis of his fortune. . j After the Civil War, he developed different iron works in Pittsburgh. After introducing a different kind of steel in America, his company pro¬ gressed quickly. Several large com¬ panies, including his own, were con¬ solidated in 1899 into the Carnegie I Steel Company. In 1901, it became? the United States Steel Company. Andrew Carnegie was a capitalist, manufacturer, philanthropist, and | author. He is mostly remembered by the funds he gave for the building of many libraries in local communi¬ ties. Two of his libraries in this) | «o«nty are at Wellington and well. He died in 1919. 831 Visit Library A check-up today revealed that 831 persons registered at the Stur¬ gis Public Library last week, a week . in which, respects were jjaid to An- f drew Carnegie, ip observance of the I one hundredth anniversary of his I birth. ■ ■ The registration was requested by j the Carnegie Foundation, in order to determine the humbev of persons : using the city library. Registration i by days at the locals institution i were,:' Mqpday. 265, Tuesday 152. ! Wednesday 108, Friday 117, and Sat¬ urday 189. . It will be observed that the. figure,' of 831 represents the | number using the library on only five days, as, the library was closed j Thursday. - I, A registration of persons using; the library this week is also being ’ conducted. teresting manner. the biography of Carnegie. Mrs. Radia Brumfield paid fitting tribute to Carnegie and 1 portrait recently received frc grade. The program closed with numbers by the Choral-club. e d W\ "»-*v \ 4? 4“ r ' | • ©Tribute to Carnegie * Busy America, the land described by 0 ■t 1 s foreigners as always in a hustle . to plunge into the unknown future for bet- ter and bigger conquests, always finds time to pause in honor of the memory , of the past’s good and great. f We refer to the one-hundredth anni- 1 versary of the birth of Andrew Car¬ negie observed this week. Official s ■s |pf e United States, in the person of Secre- ; tary. of State Hull, led the procession of homage that wound its way through the ? steel industry to Wall street and thence j to many cities and hamlets across the | length and breadth of the nation. ,s For Andrew Carnegie never lost sight l- n 'l ,;'b | ;' ■ \' |iPa i <■{"$ . ;' fi ,4". '4 , ■f of humanity in his task of building up a fortune from a more humble start than 1 ? the majority of Americans who “made?? good.” Monuments to his goodness are! to be found in numerous localities where | e. |L t \ ,> > " THE C ARNM Hfr ANNIYERSARY Last week, all Carnegie organi¬ zations in the country celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of -the man after whom they were named. Andrew Carnegie’ is one figure in the development of America who is so inextricably interwoven into the fabric of our national life, that no periodical celebration of his birthday can do justice to the un-; usual character of the man him¬ self. There is scarcely a depart¬ ment of structual growth in our country for the past half century that has not been stimiulated by Some phase of his personality. Not, less than his manificant generos¬ ity, was his business acumen and| sagacity shown in the manner in; which he distributed his wealth.; His name will always stand syn-| onymously with America’s growth.; Va~\V\Y> s THE CARNEGIE EXAMPL1 New York Herald Tribun^f Per¬ haps the most extraordinary jog given to memories by the centennial of Andrew Carnegie’s^ birthday was the extraordinary variety'of his in¬ terests and gifts, in the public mind it is the scores of libraries which have become identified with the name. The amiable weakness for seeing his name carved in stone on a building has served, oddly enough, to push into the background many of the other, fine gifts, the creations of a true , generosity and a bold imagination. , , Immortality is a willful jade, in short. She selects what appeals to her for public preservation and neither, organization nor the mere power of money can alter her de¬ cisions. Among the! many different gifts, from the Peace palace at The Hague to beloved Carnegie hall in fchjs city, it is undoubtedly the vast funds granted to education, both toward the betterment of the lot of the professor and, even more sig¬ nificant, toward the advancement of research and learning, which best deserve to be Andrew Carne¬ gie’s monument. If the present celebration does nothing else than to remipd the public of these great donatiptfs it: will have justified itself. mumm iiH HIS WORK LIVES B ECAUSE this is the centennial year of the birth of Andrew Carnegie there have been published several biogra phiiar sketches of this canny and hard-headed Scotchman who became one of the industrial lords of his adopted country. His financial success in, an era of unrestrained individualism in busirifess was notable in his time. He was an outstanding figure in. a field in which ruthless methods' were common among the driv¬ ing leaders who built great plants and businesses without too nice a concern about the fate of those with whom they dealt. In the groVing days of steel making in which Carnegie had a leading parti only sti’ong men could survive the drastic competition : and he had the power and aggressive nature to hold his own among them. But the world soon forgets such men as the scene shifts and new industrial methods and leaders come into the .public eye. Simply as a hard bargaining steelmaker, Andrew Carnegie would not long have been‘"remembered despite his millions. But the man who made steel with such intense concentration of purpose for many years found other interests after a time and he set out on a vastly different activity in his later years. Seek¬ ing use for his millions his nature responded to the idea of building structures of lasting worth and he gave immense Sums for great institutions of a greatly varied type; But he hit - upon one special activity which filled a popular need of the country and over the. land from one coast to an¬ other library buildings have been built where they did not exist before from the fiinds which he gave so freely for that purpose. Bearing his name, they have carried over into the consciousness of a later generation the memory of Andrew Carnegie and have made the cen¬ tennial of his birth an occasion of some conse¬ quence. Naturally the small communities of the nation were the ones most lacking in library fa¬ cilities and the gift of the Carnegie buildings did result in the establishment and the maintenance of most useful institutions of that type among the people of the country where they were most needed. It was a grand gesture perhaps as some critics have cried but it was a fortunate idea, for it gave to the country educational facilities in the shape of books available for popular use that would not have been secured otherwise. Beside this contribu¬ tion to the social welfare of the nation his in¬ dustrial and business achievements in the end will appear of little consequence. The small libraries which are extending every year the habit of read¬ ing and study among the adults pf the nation constitute a work which will live long in American memories. They constitute the real achievement that keeps alive the name of Carnegie. Gave Away §850,000,000.00 Andrew Carnegie grave away $850,- 000, 0Q( L00 during his lifetime, for I the benefit of mankind, his idea of ithe tithe being to give away 90 per- f \ cent m his income and keep 10 per- j cent f for his own use. ‘My wealth : co-mdv j.o as a public trust,” he I said, “to be administered for the ( good of my fellowmen.” Carnegie made his millions out |jOf steel. His parents were penniless, 'when they brought him to thi/ ; country from Scotland, when he was 13 yetars old. He began his wortnng career in a boiler room, and event¬ ually became the outstanding in- j dustrial figure in the United States. : The 100th anniversary dl his birth was celebrated, by ‘ thiof America cole-1 Orates the centennial of the birth of two of her . great men, Andrew I Carnegie and Mark Twain. Born a I hurrareKf'^ars ago in Scotland, An- [ drew Carnegie,, some 79 years later, § after ad* j'ags-to-riches’ ’ career, gave jt! the funds for the building of the! public library in, Clarksdaic, Miss , I one of 3000 similar institutions which he provided for the English- i speaking world. The library in Clarksdaic was f one of the last to be built fromj the trust established by Mr. Car-v negie for the promulgation of learn- J ing. None have been built since § 1927, partly because of the interrup¬ tion in building activity which oc¬ curred during the;War, and' -partly because *of the realization of the men at .the head of the trust that the,-money might be of more use in spreading rural library facilities through the use of book trucks, in aiding institutions established for the training of librarians, and in promoting adult education through libraries. : This -latter activity is tied up with another of Mr. Carnegie’s phi] anthropic enterprises, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace/ which works with the Clarksdale library and many other institutions in promoting bettor international understanding. On display throughout the week at v the local Carnegie Library will be a portrait of Mr. Carnegie es¬ pecially prepared for the centennial. It reveals both the shrewdness which enabled him to gather to¬ gether so many tens of millions of dollars, and the simple kindness which enabled him to give most of it away again, believing firmly, as he did, that it would be ‘‘disgrace- m. to die^ a rich man”. ROMANCE ISN’T DEAD. i In many: cities yesterday there [was some' Sort of observance to .{ cohitiiernbfate the life and works pf j Andrew Carnegie. It was the one j hund? l 8trcff B arifiiv6rsary of his birth. I Two outstanding celebrations were | held in. New York. City and in | PittsburgV^he litter-a place iden- | tified with the genius of the Septch j weaver who became, the sultan of steel. Carnegie built from, steel one j of the greatest fortunes in history j and gave, virtually, all of it away be- | fore his > death. From . the poor J weaver’s ' cottage in Dunfermline, 1 Scotland ( where Carnegie was born, [was broadcast over art international hookup a centennial celebration in tribute to the life ^nd enormous benefactions of the Scot, who once j hustled about American streets as a f, messenger boy, who became a rail- t road superintendent and eventually I turned Pittsburgh into one of the I world’s famous steel centers. He I made 40 of his associates million- | aires. • j Sir George Adam Smith, principal land vice chancellor of the College J of St. Andrews, praised the phil¬ anthropist, who never had a college education, for. widely endowing higher institutions of learning. Dr. John H. Finley, associate editor of the New York Times, also speaking from the Weaver’s cottage, now a museum, declared the steel rail, In which Carnegie made his fortune, was perhaps the greatest single factor in development and expan¬ sion of the United States. Cere¬ monies of observance for the man who gave public libraries through¬ out America were held at Columbia university and Princeton university ^ in Pittsburgh and in the New York Music Hall, Carnegie gave the city. ■In the Music Hall the philanthro¬ pist’s widow was the guest, of honor, j Speaking as chairfnan of the gov¬ erning board of the Pan-American union, Secretary of State Hull in Washington praised the steel mag¬ nate for establishment of the Car¬ negie endowment for international peace: “Among the many high pur¬ suits to which Andrew Carnegie gave the best years of his life, the one which commanded his greatest enthusiasm, and devotion, was the maintenance/ of peace throughout the world, but especially on the American continent.” Recalling the close friendship: between Carnegie' and Mark Twain, Cyril Clemens, president of the international Mark Twain society and a cousin of the humorist, recounted ythe story of a man telling Twain that'“Carnegie’s money is. all tainted!”’ “Yes, it is,” replied Mark I Twain, ’tain’t yours and 'tain’t mine.” V^xXvr Av^ Car»gg|g Benefits to the Blind. To the Editor of The New York Times: Among the humanitarian works which j have been made possible through An¬ drew Carnegie’s generosity are some unknown to the general public because ? they affect but a small proportion of | the population. j We feel we cannot let this occasion I pass witho.ut making known the fact ; that a grant and assistance to the ! American Foundation for the Blind by the Carne g i ft Cor poration, in addition to the personal interest of its trustees, and particularly Dr. Frederick P. Kep- ; ; pel, made possible a study of methods of embossing which resulted in perfect- jj ! ing a process cutting the cost and bulk of books for the blind in half. It made available to blind people a wealth Of literature such as they had theretofore never dreamed of possess¬ ing. Ample and well-filled libraries now supply this reading matter to the blind free of cost. In addition, within the last year fur- J j ther assistance from the Carnegie Cor¬ poration enabled the American Founda¬ tion for the Blind, through intensive * research, to perfect the “talking book,” a special type of phonograph which makes possible the publication of books on disks. M. C. MIGEL, President American Foundation for the Blind. New York, Nov. 27, 1935. The 100th Anniversary Of Carnegie’s Birth ^ndredth anniversary of tlie birth of Andrew ; Carnegie_is being observed. A few days ago the great Carnegie 1 hall m New York City was the scene of a concert in honor of f the great steelmaster. His widow attended the concert in that P immense building which was given to New York City by her I -famous husband when he was distributing his millions that bene¬ fits therefrom might be widespread. All over this land there ar.e pipe organs in churches and | many of these organs were made possible by contributions from Mr. Carnegie. Statesmen from all over ? the world* have come to New I York City to attend ceremonies honoring ther one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Mr. Carnegie for. he made possible l the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in the hope f ®f furthering more pacific relations. rf 1 When Andrew Carnegie-Was a little boy he looked wist- \ fully through the .barred gates of a huge Scottish" estate near ji the village of Dunfermline where hqj was born. 'In the British Isles such estates, covering the richest land, the finest woods, | the best lakes and streams, were for the enjoyment of the'land- { ed gentry, When Carnegie grew up,, came to America and acquired a fortune in the steel business, he did “not forget, his f childhood longing to enjoy what he saw behind those'gates. : So when the centenary of Carnegie’s birth'was observed a few days ago the Dunfermline villagers flqeked intp the open 1 gates of that time estate, transformed by Carnegie’s-gifts into I the largest public park in Scotland. ' | That was one of'Carnegie’s characteristics, one that made 1 him a power in industry and a figure to bp reckoned with in I American history. For the frugal Scotch lad who found his way i to the top through an intense application of the virtues that ! sometimes are looked upon today as old-fashioned achieved far! more than a personal fortune and fame for himself. It was I because Andrew Carnegie remembered after he became wealthy j his own youthful longings and his own struggles that he carved | a distinctive niche for himself in American annals, Andrew'} Carnegie proved to the world, because -he remembered, that j great wealth can benefit not only its possessor, but the world ! at large. v.!>' , - V^,,V’-Ch£L V ^ Andrew Carnegie. rsTsYHWWre hundr|dth an¬ niversary of the birth of ’Andrew i Carnegie, a rich man who''had ‘ hard to die poor, a man, it seems, ahead of his time. Carnegie came from Scotland ’ on the same boat with Robert I Morrison, his cousin and father of Mrs, Carrie A. Wagoner, 4523 Pierce street Carnegie landed with a- lone dollar. Mr. Morri¬ son, bound for Illinois to be a farmer, left him at the dock, j and Mrs. Wagoner thinks, never j saw him again. Y Andrew C arneg j feSSH J cotton mill for a little ovef a ''his tflT ek ' He contin ued to v, tendS- nf P fn nti l he Was « u Pe of ih nt r> 0 ~ the Plt tsburg divi i the Union Iron WoSs In isr/ WI&§i Fhan n a™ r „ e t h ““ n iJ, to . b^eActioi jn 1919 61 Amer ican. He die Christmas Seals rpHIS week, while the centennial of the V birth of Andrew Carnegie was being observed, letters containing Christmas seals of $42,250 face value were mailed to '28,000 residents of Toledo who are asked to buy these tokens of help in the fight against tuberculosis. ; > ■ > number of institutions of higher educa- | tion, as well as hundreds of public libraries j are .enduring monuments to the Scotch iron- master’s memory, it may be that he was ’ No. 1 Public Benefactor, and yet he made no sacrificial offering out of his millions for his fellows. A The man or woman of small means who buys a few dollars’ worth, or even a few cents’ worth of Christmas seals may be entitled to more credit than Mr. Carnegie. U) ‘ A.‘‘True Philosophy of Wealth ‘ •“ during the current week the centennial anniversary of tEiTFirth of Andrew Carnegie was observed. In times like the present when the tendency is to disregard the person¬ ages and the events of the past which contributed to the building of the nation it is well to be reminded occasion¬ 'd 11 A °I those people and things which brought the United States to its present stature in the family of nations. ' K is true that the rapid national growth during which gieat industrial fortunes, were amassed was productive of social ills as well as benefits, but it is fortunate that the Latter have been much more lasting than the former. Much of today’s culture, science and education is based upon the wise distribution of industrial fortunes. We are indeed i ’ ortunate that in many instances the builders of great for- I tunes have been wise in the distribution of the surplus. .Outstanding among these wise: philanthropists has been Andrew Carnegie, born in a humble weaver’s cottage in Dunfermline, Scotland, one hundred years ago on Novem¬ ber 25. If more of the nation’s great industrial wealth were! administered according to the philosophy of giving evolv¬ ed by Andrew Carnegie there would be much less opposi- j tion to the capitalistic system and much less enthusiasm j for every new “ism” that is put forward. Carnegie outlined his gospel of trusteeship thus: “This then, is held to be the duty of every man of j! wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentious liv¬ ing, shunning" display or extravagance; to provide-moder- ! ately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon ? him, and, after doing - so, to consider all surplus revenues I which come Jo him |mply as trust funds, which he is call¬ ed upon to tadmMsfc, and strictly bound as a matter of j duty to administer in the manner which in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for I the community.” j Had Andrew Carnegie lived to No- j vember 25th, 1935, he would have been j| & one hundred years old. His memory jj will be honored, and justly so, for he built 2,8il libraries and gave ;«away three hundred fifty millions in foun- 1 dations and other ways. Carnegie was | born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in a J weaver’s cottage, cam© to the United |; 1 states at the age of thirteen in a ] whaling schooner and^became a mess- enger boy, the first rung ;in a high lad- ! ,der. Carnegie made a considerable! i amount of money in the days of cut- j throat competition in the steel indus¬ try and added enormously; to it when : he sold out to the elder J. P. Morgan who .former the United States Steel Corporation. Besides cash Carnegie took bonds. The common stock was frankly “water” and there was discus- j sion .as to whether there was any real ‘ value in the preferred stock. Specu¬ lators took the stock while the wise ; ones estimated just how long it would 1 take the billion dollar concern to crash from its own-weight. Certainly, S it was considered too big for any man | or group of men to.manage at head¬ quarters in Wall Street, or anywhere | else. As it turned out the bonds : were all paid and the day came when so much money was being made on the common stock that it was deemed wise to declare a stock dividend. A bene- ficient tariff which protected the prices of the finished product and free trade in labor which enabled the importa¬ tion of a large number of workers may have contributed, to the result. Still more prosperity to labor general- : : ly in his day might well have built far greater profits. Andrew Carnegie, philanthropist, worked his men twelve hours a day, seven days a week at | desperate wages.- His love for man * didn’t take- the form of doing anything | about conditions in his own industry. Still, it can be said that he conform- ; ed with the practices of the day and - —-;- 1 when he got around to- doing some- . | thing with his money he made good j use of it for the benefit of the popu- | lation. V>A ^ Carnegie Week f This week'lEe* J. 0 flu V ' nx Y> ^PG T F MXJ^rfOX^ (An Editorial by Science Service.) Andrew Carnegie, born a hundred years' ago (November 25, 1835), is leaving amore lasting imprint upon the leaves of history -through his benefactions for education and | science than through the millions of tons of j| steel that have been stamped with his name. | In a real sense dollars cannot measure ac-I complishments in education and Science. j Money is fertilizer for viable ideas. But it is significant that Carnegie used his millions for giving sustenance to such important ! factors in American and international life. J It is inspiring to look back and see that the spending of his money was so well done on the whole that the word association with “Carnegie” today is just as likely to be “li¬ braries” or “science” as “steel.” Carnegie’s gifts exceed some $350,000,000 but no accurate total is ever likely to be summed. It is not' important that it should be. Of this totalj : $.lp2,170,000 went to edu¬ cation through libraries and grants to col¬ leges. The Cahnegie Corporation of New York received $135,000,000 as a trust fund i for the advancement ahd diffusion of knowl¬ edge and undertaking. Scientific research j was supported by $30,000,000. Internation¬ al peace was prompted with $12,500,000, j pensions used $14,000,000 and music bene- 1 j fited by $6,100,000. Carnegie’s own home! ‘ town “Dunfermline Trust” and other senti¬ mental gifts totaled $4,100,000. Thus edu- i cation and science in the broad sense receiv- • ed the bulk of the support. The Carnegie Institution of Washington, ! ■ with its wide-flung and productive labora -\ ■lories and its sky-probing Mt. Wilsbn Ob-j servatory, is chief among the science using ; Carnegie money. But Carnegie benefac-j 1 tioris have aided wide-spread variety of other! science efforts. As important as the money he gave is the economic philosophy behind the giving. Rich men, he said, have'no moral right to ■ their surplus accumulations. The tempor¬ ary custodians are in reality “trustees” for . the public. As a practitioner of theory, Car¬ negie used 90 per cent of his wealth for so¬ ciety. I • ACl ° AixiNiyJbKSARY— aJU* T“ e the Sltt8 ’ °' t0 ‘Wvhta-adopted land of aa ton7 y ^ ° b! *™ d this ™ « ! " of national .mportanoa. Carnegie has already gone down ir “ =»“■•==r.:=“ learning in Pittsburgh, also named after him, is a living monumlnt oanndtV < ’ Un t d T nS fOT research hls has endowed. And one cannot forget, of course, the great Peace Palace at the Hague to thelett h th6Se thtagS P ° SSible ' Andre ' v Came S ie was following Vhich re! l0r 016 “ ° £ a ° £ “This then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth- To set ai example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display of Ltrla gance, to provide modestly for 0>e legitimate wants of those dependen n him, and after doing so, to consider all surplus revenues which com, to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to adminUt 7 the manner, which, in his judgment, is best calculated to provide th most beneficial results for the community _ the man of weahhYu becoming the trustee, and agent for his poorer brethren " Carnegie is unique in this respect as are the Rockefellers bul Such a spirit is typically American and we should honor it on such pccasions as this. The art of giving is one we would do well t c “tivale and as more men of means become adept at it and enter into its s'irh Mint'wb* 6 W t hear ° ! Pr0posa,s t0 tax wea, th out of existence or to a P nt where it must drastically reduce gifts of the Carnegie type. W HE1N announcing his plan | to pension Civil War j telegraphers who never got anything but soldier’s pay from i the Government, Andrew Carnegie i tendered a dinner in honor^of j “Old Timers,” All of the high 'officials of the \ Western Union, Telegraph Com- j pany were his guests at 2 East ! Ninety-first Street, New York. I The, toastmaster, James Merri- j hew, born in Philadelphia, intro- i m duced a quartette including An- j drew. Carnegie, who had been a j : telegraph operator under Thomas | A, Scott, the old president of the ' Pennsylvania , Railroad; Thomas , A. Edison, the inventor of nearly $ everything; -Col, Joseph Green, oldest, living operator; and the Editor of. the-Sunday Trans-'! :,■. script. When it came the turn to j present- to - the diners the last j named, the Chairman described him as -’The youngest and best of \ all the ‘' telegraphers”--but Car- : ne 8 ie arose and said, “He may be | the youngest, but he’s dinna the £| 1 b cst ‘” Ihere is a lot a claptrap now ij being published .about Carnegie h because of his Centennial anniver¬ sary- One of . his close kin lives quite humbly with her children f not ten miles from our City Hall i \ apd she fias pictures and little ; gifts and* mementoes from the Carnegie fof humble days that would make sob sisters rival the I Atlantic’s tides. 1 ^ \ A FRIEND OF MAN 100 fh Xt n?^ nday the ^ orld wil1 ob serve the 100th anniversary of the birth of a man who was a friend of man. Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfer-i mine Scotland, Nov. 25, 1835. At the first d krary in Western, Pa., Carnegie studied and laid the basis for his businfss “• ** * —<• “ S" 917 bis gifts made possible 2,811 public libraries m the English soeakine- E?2 d . °tt t !l e totai num ber 1,946 were budt m the United States. world honors the memory of An- 5 n 6 n Carne & le > and next Monday the world will pay tribute to the man who bfnSo * * the dlfflcultie s a poor man has ,iin obtaining an education, founded a li- opportunity™ that giV6S t0 everyone equal I .- --- NV\ TH \S' When A Bobbin-Boy Is Superannuated In an article in these columns a few days ago on the celebration of the 100th birthday of Andrew Carnegie, it appeared that early in his . career, that led from poverty to. affluence, he was a “16 year old bobbin-boy.” That was an error, traceable to "any. one through whose hands the article passed from the writer to the printed page. The error may be’ attributed to the prevailing and increasing prejudice in this i country against child labor. But facts are fact?.. It was at. the tender year of 10 ■ that Mr. Carnegie became a bobbin boy; iff years vwould have been an advanced age for a bobbin boy. He would 6e superannuated. The error, however, was mot one of vital importance, blit it serves as a pretext for a few remarks , on the subject of child labor, which fdr some years has been agitating the country, and is likely to do'so for some years to come, or until; there has beep , a final disposition of the child labor amendment to the constitution, .which i has been pending for several years, i but lacks, ratification by at least six j legislatures. . * No one can, of n bourse, 'rise in de¬ fense of the abuse, of child labor in either factories or sweat shops, or of child f labor pf a character to stunt the physical or mental development of a child. But there is a reasonable pro¬ test against such a prohibition of labor as would keep a child of 16 years of age in idleness^ It mhy be presumed that Mr. Car¬ negie was stunted'neither mentally nor physically by his services as a bobbin boy at the immature age of 10, at 20 cents'a day, or by later, service in an engine room, and as a’telegraph mes¬ senger boy, at ages which in many states, ?&r under the proposed amend¬ ment, would bar him now from the employment by which he supported his mother and a smaller brother. In the course of several years, we have watched boys of ages from 10 to ,14 pass thnltigh the circulation de¬ partment of this paper. .Some of them are pow successful business or profes¬ sional men, mining engineers, others,' high in the railway service. Not all newspaper boys have been successful, but we are sure that a larger number of them have succeeded than could have been shown in an equal number of boys who had been denied that schooling. All ot^ them with whom we have since been in contact speak with pride of the accolade they then received. . \ CARNEGIE, DiS l Kitsu iuk- | Carnegie, whose birth a century | ago is being celebrated this week , both in his native Scotland and his adopted America, was not a mere giver, but a profoundly wise distri¬ butor of millions. Before he was 7.5 the bid ironmaster had plowed back into America 435 million of the dollars he picked up so easily over her‘e- He kept only 15 millions,-which proved ample. His benefactions in libraries and in health, scientific and peace foundations, “grubstaked a regiment of prospectors on the frontiers of lear'inng” and understanding. They will bear fruit in a more civilized humanity for genera¬ tions to come. ; ■ „ Had Carnegie’s example been followed by other multi-millionaires it might not have been necessary for the Government now to take measures for sowing the national wealth more widely; In a country where miilti-millionaires have ceased to be a novelty, the Carnegies, Rockefellers and Harknesses are all too rare. Too many of the very rich took all their sav¬ ings and reinvested them in their own plants, in an effort to make more money or for want of any idea of what to do with their excess- That is 1 one reason why our most prosperous years found the industrial plant to overbuilt that one-fifth of it was loafing, and the masses so poor that they couldn’t buy what it did not turn out. As an earner Andrew Carnegie was a rug¬ ged individualist, but as a spender he was a social-minded and broad-visioned humanist.-_ Birmingham Post. 1 \ ° \^X C J1! J ; A. WORLD-POWER . To -niorrow is the anniversary of Andrew Carnegie: birthday, the man who gave $60,000,000 to public librar ies. In addition to that enormous sum he gave anothe: $290,000,00 to charitable purposes. The magnitude of the amounts'is so stupendous as tc be beyond the grasp of the average person. Hospitals} colleges, laboratories, and similar institutions for the' relief of suffering humanity; public parks and swim¬ ming* pools and churches were among the .organizations donated by Mr. Carnegie, as well- as 8,182 church organs. he late' Mr. Carnegie was-: a Scotchman by 1 birth having been born at Dunfermline, Scotland. He came to this continent in *8 to later: become a world-power m industry and finance. It can be truthfully stated, he rolled in wealth, but to his everlasting credit, he shared it lavishly. Many Canadian towns have libraries on a scale their own re¬ sources would never have permitted, thus placing good books within the reach of people who might otherwise have been deprived of those privileges. Great wealtlh has great responsibilities, but Mr Car negie, by his benefactions for the .benefit of manidnd left memorials that will be cherished for years to come’ bWI ; Honoring Andrew Carnegie Ceremonies are taking place this week- , end jin. United States and in $cotland- 1 inlrd^mol-y of the humble Scottish'lad who j befcame the greatest steel magnate 1 bf a : hectic era, and also the greatest Aphilan- I thropist of his or any other generation. j" The evil that men do lives after them; 1 the, good is oft interred with their bones, I says Shakespeare, and at this time there Will probably be many who will recall the ruthless treatment that Andrew Carnegie meted out to his employees in his haste to build up a great fortune and. a great in¬ dustrial empire, his harshness leading to strikes and ids.-, o*C life. Undoubt¬ edly he was a relentless , boss of the \ tyrant type, even to his closest associates, I his busines self being an absolute contrast I to his social self. His one thought in | business was production and more pro- 1 duction, living as he did in the days when J the United States was at the height of its f growing pains, being covered with vast I networks of railways, and towns and I cities were springing up rapidly, requiring millions of tons of steel annually. To j compete with rival firms it was necessary | to get labor as cheap as possible, and An- | drew Carnegie, despite the vast profits he made, had no scruples about “sweating” his thousands of workers. He was, how¬ ever, a moral coward, and the last reduct- i ion he ever put into effect he ordered done ! after he took ship for a long holiday in Scotland, which enabled him to put the j blame on his manager at Pittsburgh. He j was, too, an implacable, enemy, and during his latter years, conducted a bitter feud against Frick, who had been one of his most valuable helpers in, the days of rising j I to prosperity. I But Carnegie should be remembered for ■ his tremendous benefactions. Having j formed combine after combine, ultimately ; leading to the establishment of the United | States Steel Corporation, he quit business i taking with him a final payment of $500,- j D00,000 as his share of the deal. But ’ tyhen he died at Lenox, Mass., on August E8, 1919, his estate was only proved at 1^25,000,00. The' rest he bad given aWay during the 18 years of his retirement. Probably very little of Andrew Carne¬ gie’s money was made out of guns, shells or warships. Rather was it made out of Industrial uses. International peace was almost a phobia with him. He built and endowed the- Palace of Peace at the Hague and gave many millions mtfre to peace organization!?. Deprived of much educa¬ tion himself when a poor boy in his native Dunfermline, he gave millions for lib¬ raries :ih the United States,, Canada and Great Britain; millions to hero funds in may lands; millions for university educa¬ tions to poor Scottish lads of promise, millions more in private charities and for organs in churches. He was inordinately fond of music, particularly organ music, and kept his. own organist at his Highland home, Skibo Castle—-also a piper. In spite of his ruthless and dynamic f business administration he was a kindly man in private life, and bore a deep love j for his American wife, who was a yoting if woman when he married late in life. Of | her he onee said: • “My life has been made so happy by her that I cannot imagine myself living without her guardianship. Some talk of thfeir home m heaven. The best wife a man ever had has made a; heaven at home for me.” Let the good that Andrew Carnegie did >e remembered and the evil forgotten ’i / "WV * x 8 H4| I « m -. I’ -if Vv \W ANDY’S PORTRAITS. THEY’VE been celebrating Old Andy’s birthday all over the American map re¬ cently, unveiling 2,000 portraits of him in the libraries and dedicating radio and thea¬ ter programs to the Little Scotch Steelmas- ter. After reading the facts of Andrew Car¬ negie’s life, particularly with regard tO'Tibw he managed some of his partners, man¬ handled his unsuspecting competitors and even slipped something over on J. P. Morgan I, it is difficult to endow the Canny Scot with a halo any bigger than enough to cov¬ er his head. Mr. Carnegie gave away libraries (always stipulating that the beneficiaries should bind themselves to annually spend 10 per cent of j the cost to maintain them!) so some 2,000 American communities have been honoring j him for making it necessary for those mu¬ nicipalities to assess taxes in his honor. Our own community, for the benefit of those who do not know, also has a public library, but it is no Carnegie gift. Strange as it seems, somebody in our community aloiig about the turn of the century saw no great good in tying up with Andy and his i benefactions. We built our own book-warehouse, we ; buy our own books—such as they are—and j manage pretty wejl to get along without the I Carnegie Foundation. So we haven’t been | a hle to sponsor any Carnegie picture-unveil¬ ings this year, thus,missing a rare opportun¬ ity to be standardized. ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF LIBRARY PROGRESS KUCARNEGIE annIveksak-x j' Th’on^^A pulpits of, most city ^Csterday reference was r ,„ ’h-e fact that to-day -is diday anniversary of the •I late. Andrew Carnegie, to whohi ' among other things Peterborough oweh: an. endowment for the Pub¬ lic,- Library. John Morrison, ' an elder, in^is reference to the late Andrew -‘.Carnegie at the Silver Jubilee anniversary of Knox .United Chtnch reminded the congregation , “This fine organ we have • was.. mad e possible thrpugh a contribution from the Andrew Carpegie -Trust.” The organ was' installed at the time Knox Church was completed twenty-five years ago during the pastorate of the Rev. H. J. Keith, and the $5,000 which the organ •cost was given by friends of the pastor in Peterborough and Mon¬ treal and included a substantial donation from the Carnegie fund, an official of th e church toM/ The Examine:\--H.R. 1 |X^HE CAIWEGIE CEWTESABT A hundred years ago on Monday a babe was born in Dumfermline, Scot¬ land, who was destined to attain great wealth and to exercise an immense bv Wafa 01 !" 16 F ° rW - by the “kmm! y which he made his money, the manufacture of steel; rails, and by the object^ on which he spent much of it, j the building of public libraries and P Pe organs.. ^Celebration of his birthday were held in many places , One to which some listened here, over I q,mi i°. WaS held in ■ Dum fermline, Scotland his native town. A message TtticTnn ° Ut by , radi0 from the little attic room in which he first saw the ght sen of a poor weaver, who by the stress of the times, was forced a ,few years later to seek a new home tw f m l nca; then ^om the library ttat he first founded where a meeting wa s held presided over by Lord Elgin io Introduced the speakers, Sir I George Adam Smith, the great uni- 1 versity head, and „ r . John S ™ S™^ SS0 , C . Iate e4itor of the ' New York Times. It was a fitting tribute to the memory of a great man. . f “Tt ^° rest> as we have noted be- ! foi@ has. two mementoes of Andrew 1 Carnegie’s generosity, its public li- h brary, the organ of Westmingter [fl 1912 on u ! i brary Was erecte(1 in I rr 2 ° n a Slte ' donated by Mrs. Lux- I ton, the organ was installed in 1910 I being opened by that then promising’ MHlan n ° W Sir E ™est Mac- 1 MU lan, after proceedings that were marked in both cases, by a good deal i f tact, care and perseverance. It is B 'eSr o f ! ^°' dayWeSh ° nl4 haTO b ^ Honftf •, ,7 6 worth whlle institu- tions, if it had not been for the assis I ttTafles f y Andrew Carnegie, and- I It is at least decorous that it shouldHi be acknowledged once in a while. iX- %IWemb 'ember 25, 1935, was th e an¬ niversary of the hundredth birthday of Andrew Carnegie., A poster com- meiTL 1 11 Li event is displayed in i the library and it reads thus: “I choose Free Libraries as the best agencies for improving the masses J of the people because they give noth ! ing for nothing. They only help I those who help themselves. They never pauperize. They reach the as¬ piring, and open to these the chief treasurers of the world, those- stored up in books,. A taste for reading drives out lower tastes. I prefer the free Public Library to most, if not any, other agencies for the happiness and improvement of a cohrmunity,” Today there are in the United States alone some 10,000 national, state, county, municipal, school, col¬ lege and university libraries. These are regularly used by niore than 24 million people and they circulate hundreds of millions of books a year. v\ V f % LIBRARY NOTES ' V> T - e^oose free libraries as the best! agencies for improving the masses of j the people, because they give some-1 thing for nothing. They only help those who help themselves. They never pauperize. They reach the as¬ piring and open to those the chief treasures of the world—those stored up in books. A taste for reading drives out lower tastes ... I prefer the free public library to most if not any other agency for the happiness and im¬ provement of a community. So said Andrew Carnegie, the man who believed se-at he said that he gave over 65hnulicn dollars for the endowment of 2,865 library buildings in the United 1 States, Can¬ ada, and Great; Britain. On Monday, Nov. 25 many public libraries throughout the nation were commemorating the 100th birthday anniversary of Andrew Carnegie, who was born in Duhfernine, Scotland, on Nov. 25, 1835. He came to this coun¬ try whith his parents when he was 13 years old and the stofy of his life reads like many an American saga of the poor boy who worked his way up ? to fame and fortune. Carnegie attri- f buted much of his success in the steel I business to the opporunity he had of using a library While a boy. Our owh library shows each week The: last two weeks the librarian re¬ ports 76 books and 37 magazines loaned. Borrowing words from Anne Lind¬ bergh’s own book we shall try to bring you a little of the magic nar¬ rative found in “North to the Orient.” “There is always a back stairs to magic and it is just as well to keep it in. mind to know >where it is and how to clamber down. The back stairs of aviation-magic is sometimes a par¬ achute and sometimes a rubber life¬ boat.” Another dxerpt:- It is not in the flying alone, nor in the places S alone nor alone in the time; but in a peculiar blending of all three, which resulted in a quality of magic. . . It; was not that we arrived in Baker j Lake on August third; by plane but that three hours of flying had brought us from the modern port of Churchill to a place where no white woman had ever been before.” “Mrs. Lindberg has the seing eye 1 and singing heart, and what ever be¬ falls she presents an account glowing with animation and emotion. . . This is I a thoroughly charming book.”—-Sat- urday Review of Literature.