ORIGIN AND WORK • 
 
 OP THE 
 
 AMERICAN 
 
 noiqe ^odiety 
 
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 Rev. DAVUD B. COE, D.D., Hon. Secretary. 
 
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 THE AMEEICAN HOME MISSIONABY SOCIETY. 
 
 1887. 
 
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THE ORIGIN AND WORK 
 
 OF 
 
 The American Home Missionary Society. 
 
 ITS PREDECESSORS. 
 
 When the American Home Missionary Society was organized, in 
 1826, several local organizations for home missionary work were in 
 operation, some of which originated in the last century. The Society 
 for Propagating the Gospel among the Indians and others in North 
 America was founded in 1787; the Missionary Society of Connecticut, 
 and the Berkshire and Columbia Missionary Society, in 1798; the Massa¬ 
 chusetts Missionary Society, in 1799. Others of a later origin existed 
 in the other New England States and in New York. Some of them 
 confined their operations within their own geographical limits. Others 
 sent missionaries to the destitute in the new settlements of Northern 
 New England and the remoter wilderness, even to the banks of the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 But, as these societies acted independently of each other, and with¬ 
 out much knowledge of the comparative wants of different portions of 
 the field, some sections were over-supplied with laborers, and others 
 were left in utter destitution. Moreover, the laborers sometimes came 
 into competition and conflict with each other, and the funds contributed 
 for their support were worse than wasted. It was evident that a more 
 comprehensive, economical, and effective system must be devised to sup¬ 
 ply the destitute portions of the country with gospel ministrations ; 
 but no direct steps were taken toward the solution of this problem till 
 1825, when the germ originated from which the American Home Mis¬ 
 sionary Society was evolved. 
 
 ITS GERM EVOLVED. 
 
 In January of that year, Nathaniel Bouton (afterwards pastor of the 
 First Church in Concord, N. H.) was riding in a stage-coach from 
 Andover to Newburyport, Mass., in company with several theological 
 
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 students, when the importance of enlarged operations in Home Missions 
 became the subject of conversation, and Mi*. Bouton suggested the 
 formation of a National Domestic Missionary Society. The subject 
 was warmly discussed during their ride, and on their homeward journey, 
 and in the evening, at Andover, and subsequently in the Porter Khetori- 
 cal Society, the Society of Inquiry, and the columns of tbe religious 
 journals. It was finally laid before a meeting of ministers, from several 
 States, who had assembled in Boston to ordain four students from 
 Andover Seminary for the work of Home Missions. A larger meeting, 
 composed of eminent ministers from Maine, New Hampshire, Massa¬ 
 chusetts and Connecticut, was held in Boston, January 11th, 1826, at 
 which the action already taken was approved, and a resolution adopted 
 recommending that the United Domestic Missionary Society of New 
 York become the American Domestic Missionary Society. 
 
 The United Domestic Missionary Society was formed in 1822, by the 
 union of two other local societies. It was undenominational in its 
 principles and spirit, was enterprising and efficient, and had recently ap¬ 
 pointed as its missionaries four young men from Andover Theological 
 Seminary. Its Executive Committee responded cordially to the over¬ 
 ture from the Boston meeting, and issued a circular to a large number 
 of the friends of Home Missions, in all parts of the United States, in¬ 
 viting them to meet in the city of New York for the purpose of forming 
 an American Home Missionary Society. 
 
 ITS ORGANIZATION. 
 
 In response to this invitation one hundred and twenty-six individuals 
 assembled in convention. May 10th, 1826, in the session room of the 
 Brick Presbyterian Church in the city of New York. They represented 
 thirteen States and four religious denominations, and were among the 
 most prominent and influential ministers and laymen in those denomina¬ 
 tions. A Constitution was submitted to the Convention by the Execu¬ 
 tive Committee of the United Domestic Missionary Society, with a 
 recommendation that it be made the basis of the conten plated National 
 Society. This Constitution was amended and approved, and the fol¬ 
 lowing resolution was adopted: 
 
 “ ResoUed, Tliat tbe Convention, having approved the proposed Constitution, 
 recommend to the United Domestic Missionary Society to adopt the same and 
 become the American Home Missionary Society.” 
 
 In compliance with this recommendation the United Domestic Mis¬ 
 sionary Society, at its Fourth Anniversary, May 12th, 1826, adopted the 
 following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That the recommendation of the Convention be adopted, and the- 
 
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 United Domestic ]\Iissionaiy Society now become the American Home Missionary 
 ;Society under the Constitution recommended by the Convention.” 
 
 In pursuance of this action the American Home Missionary Society 
 proceeded at once to the election of officers for the ensuing year, and 
 began its work. 
 
 ITS CONSTITUENCY. 
 
 In the Convention which organized the Society, and in its first corps 
 of officers, the Congregational, Presbyterian, Reformed Dutch, and 
 « Associated Reformed dene minations were represented. The Associate 
 Reformed churches shared but little either in its labors or its benefac¬ 
 tions. The Reformed Dutch churches ceased to co-operate with it 
 when their own Board of Domestic Missions was organized, in 1832. 
 The Presbyterian churches (New School) continued their co-operation 
 with it till the General Assembly instituted its Presbyterian Committee 
 -on Home Missions, in 1861. Thus the American Home Missionary 
 Society.' without any change in its Constitution or principles of action, 
 became the organ of Congregational churches only; and since that time 
 it has received from them, with occasional gifts from individuals in 
 other churches, its entire support. On the withdrawal of the Presby¬ 
 terian churches, its income fell from $183,000 to about $164,000, and 
 the number of its missionaries from 1,062 to 734. lu the twenty-five 
 years that have since elapsed its income has risen to about half a million 
 of dollars [$524,544.93 in 1885-6], and the number of its missionaries is 
 now 1,571. 
 
 ITS AUXILIARIES. 
 
 Those societies in New England which had extended their opera¬ 
 tions into the new settlements, transferred that part of their work to 
 the National Society, and they, together with the other New England 
 societies, entered into auxiliary relations to it which secured harmony 
 of feeling, uniformity of method, and efficiency of action over the entire 
 field. Each Auxiliary assumed the responsibility of conducting the 
 work within its own bounds, but at the same time co-operated with the 
 Parent Society in sending the gospel to the regions beyond. This 
 auxiliary system has been continued with the same results to the present 
 time. As the missionary societies of the younger States have reached 
 the point of self-support, they have assumed the relation of Auxiliaries 
 of the National Society on the terms stated in its Constitution. Eleven 
 of them now sustain this relation, and the period is not distant when a 
 belt of auxiliary States will span the continent. 
 
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 ITS OBJECT. 
 
 It was the object of the Society, according to the terms of its Consti¬ 
 tution, “ to assist congregations that are unable to support the gospel 
 ministry, and to send the gospel to the destitute within the United 
 States.” It was to supply the destitute, everywhere, but especially 
 those in the new settlements on the northern and western frontiers, 
 with the privileges of the gospel through the ministry of the Word and 
 the Church of God. It was to keep alive the flame of a pure, spiritual 
 worship, kindled by the fathers on these eastern shores, and send forth 
 the messengers of the gospel to rear altars to the Lord, wherever the 
 foundations of civil society have been laid, so fulfilling the promise, 
 ‘•His dominion shall be from sea to sea.” 
 
 ITS METHODS. 
 
 The early Domestic Missionary Societies sought to accomplish the 
 same object, through the same instrumentalities, but not by the same 
 methods. Most of their missionaries were commissioned for periods of 
 three or six months, to make missionary tours over large districts, 
 preaching, conversing with families and individuals, ministering to the 
 sick and afflicted, organizing churches, administering the sacraments, 
 then passing on to other fields. They were not allowed to accept any 
 compensation from the people whom they served. They received their 
 entire support from the societies employing them. This system was 
 necessarily expensive; and under it “the condition of the churches gen¬ 
 erally grew less and less promising with the lapse of time.” 
 
 The American Home Missionary Society does not undervalue such 
 itinerant labors; but it employs them as preliminary and preparatory to 
 its main work, which is to establish permanent churches, provide them 
 with a permanent ministry, and thus nourish them to permanent self- 
 support. It enters into partnership with each church, in sustaining its 
 minister, stipulating that it shall bear its full share of the burden—an 
 annually increasing share, if possible—till it can bear the whole. Thus 
 the outlay of the Society diminishes as the strength and efficiency of the 
 church increases, till it declares its independence, and its name is trans¬ 
 ferred from the roll of the Society’s beneficiaries to that of its patrons. 
 The stimulating effect of this system is seen in the fact that, during the 
 last ten years, more than fifty churches have been annually brought to 
 self-support; and its economical effect is seen in the fact that, from the 
 beginning, the average expenditure for a year of missionary labor has. 
 been but $263. And this expenditure includes not only the entire cost 
 of obtaining, sending out, and sustaining the missionary, but the aver¬ 
 age proportion of all the expenses in conducting the institution. 
 
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 ITS EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 In 1880 a clause was inserted in the Constitution, enabling it ‘‘to 
 send the means of Christian education to the destitute.” The experi¬ 
 ence of the missionaries, in some parts of the New West and South, had 
 convinced them that some intellectual training, under Christian auspices, 
 was essential to the best success of evangelical effort, and should be as¬ 
 sociated with it. It was also urged that such educational work, calling 
 for the services of Christian women as teachers, would make a powerful 
 appeal to the women of the churches generally, to provide for the pe¬ 
 cuniary support of their sisters who should give themselves to this dis¬ 
 tant and arduous service. Thus far a large part of the funds expended 
 in this Department has been derived from that source. At the urgent 
 solicitation of the New West Education Commission, the schools sus¬ 
 tained by this Society in Utah and the vicinity have been transferred to 
 that institution, but educational work is still continued in Georgia, 
 Arkansas, and the Indian Territory, on such a scale as tke condition of 
 the field requires, and the funds at the disposal of the Society permit. 
 
 ITS WOMAN’S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Christian women of our churches have always taken a warm in¬ 
 terest in the work of this Society, and them gifts have constituted no in¬ 
 considerable portion of its revenue. But, hitherto, their organized 
 efforts in behalf of this cause have been mainly expended in the prepara¬ 
 tion of “ missionary boxes” for the families of missionaries. The esti¬ 
 mated value of such gifts, during the last twenty years, has exceeded 
 $50,000 annually. They have added much to the comfort and useful¬ 
 ness, but not to the 7iumher, of the laborers in the field; and the supply 
 of such donations now equals, and sometimes exceeds, the demand; 
 while the Society’s constant and most pressing need is that of money to 
 send forth and sustain its missionaries. 
 
 In the hope of further developing, combining, and utilizing the 
 efforts of women in behalf of this cause, the Society, in 1883, organized 
 a Woman’s Department, with a Secretary at the Bible House, who, by 
 printed documents, by correspondence, by conference at the office of the 
 Society, and by personal visits to the friends of Home Missions in dif¬ 
 ferent parts of the country, endeavors to encourage and guide them in 
 their work. A good beginning has been made. Sixteen State 
 Woman’s H. M. Societies are now in successful operation, with their 
 town, church, Sunday-school, and family Auxiliaries sowing seed in 
 thousands of hearts, to bear fruit in thousands of useful lives. 
 
 ITS CHILDREN’S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 This quickened interest and organized action among the women 
 have awakened a similar interest and lad to corresponding action among 
 
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 the children. Within a few months fifty Home Missionary Circles of 
 children, in ten States, have reported their organization to the Society, 
 and have entered upon active service in behalf of this cause. Many 
 other organizations, under various names, but having the same object in 
 view, are engaged in similar labors. The number of these juvenile Aux¬ 
 iliaries is rapidly increasing; and though their work is but just begun, 
 yet, if we take into view the future service for which they are in train¬ 
 ing, they must be considered as equal in importance to any other of the 
 Society’s Departments. In the autumn of 188(3 they originated the 
 Children’s Bohemian Fund, for the support of the Bohemian Mission 
 under the superintendence of Rev. H. A. Schauffler, and they have 
 raised, in eight months, more than $1,500 of the $5,000 which they pur¬ 
 pose to secure. 
 
 Several pages in each monthly issue of The Home Missionary are 
 appropriated to the Woman’s and Children’s Departments; and those 
 who co-operate with the Society through these channels, are referred to 
 those pages for facts, arguments, and appeals, which may be of interest 
 and service to them in their work. 
 
 ITS FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. 
 
 When the Society was organized the foreign-born element in our 
 population was very small, and was increasing by the addition of only 
 about 10,000 immigrants annually. Most of these foreigners could be 
 reached with religious instruction in the English language; but for 
 those who spoke with other tongues, the Society undertook, very early, 
 to provide ministers of their own nation, in order that every one might 
 hear the gospel in the language in which he was born. But they were 
 few and widely dispersed, and not easily gathered into permanent con¬ 
 gregations. The laborers too were few. An adequate number of edu¬ 
 cated ministers, thoroughly evangelical in their views, could not be ob¬ 
 tained. 
 
 In 1853 the number of missionaries preaching in foreign languages 
 had increased to seventy-one. But it afterwards diminished, and the 
 average number from that date to 1882 was only forty. What were 
 these among so many ? 
 
 In that year 788,992 immigrants reached our shores, increasing our 
 foreign-born population to more than 8,000,000; and by adding the 
 children of foreign-born parents the number was increased to more than 
 17,000,000, or about one-third of our whole white population. It was in 
 view of such facts, and the peril to the country involved in them, that 
 the Society, in 1883 resolved to make a more distinct and systematic 
 effort in behalf of these foreigners, particularly those who had come 
 from Central and Northern Europe to our Western States. 
 
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 Three superintendents, each having peculiar qualifications for the 
 special duties assigned him, were appointed to take the oversight of 
 sepal ate departments of this work. One resides at Cleveland, O., and 
 has charge of the Slavonic Department. Another resides at Chicago, Ill., 
 and has charge of the German Departncent. The third resides at Min¬ 
 neapolis, Minn., and has charge of the Scandinavian Department. The 
 work, under their direction, has made rapid progress in these four years; 
 and the number of missionaries who have preached in foreign languages 
 during the year just closed is 136. 
 
 The difficulties in the way of obtaining suitable laborers for this serv¬ 
 ice continue ; but several Colleges and Theological Seminaries, particu¬ 
 larly those of the West, are co-operating heartily with the conduct¬ 
 ors of the Society in the endeavor to solve this problem. In some of 
 these institutions new departments of instruction have been opened to 
 qualify young men for this service. During the last year more than fifty 
 students in Chicago Theological Seminary were preparing to preach the 
 gospel in the German or Danish or Swedish language ; and if the churches 
 sustain these institutions in this enlargement of their work, the most 
 formidable hindrance in the way of missionary effort among our immigrant 
 population will soon be removed. 
 
 ITS GROWTH AXD FRUITS. 
 
 This Society has been in operation sixty-one years ; and though it 
 has been thrice weakened by the retirement of its partners, its friends 
 are permitted to rejoice as they contemplate its growth and fruits. The 
 number of its missionaries has increased from 169 to 1,571, or more than 
 half of the Congregational ministers in the United States who are en¬ 
 gaged in pastoral work. In its first year more than two-thirds of its 
 missionaries were stationed in the State of New York, and only 33 in 
 the Western States and Territories, where 988 have been employed dur¬ 
 ing the year just closed. Its annual income has increased from $18,110 
 to about $500,000, the number of congregations statedly supplied with 
 gospel ministrations from 196 to 3,018, and the annual aggregate of labor 
 performed by its missionaries from 110 to 1,117 years. It has collected 
 and expended in its work $11,596,692, and the aggregate of missionary 
 labor performed under its direction is 40,976 years. It has extended its 
 operations into every State and organized Territory in the Union, has 
 planted or aided about 4,950 churches and gathered into them 345,973 
 members. More than half of these churches have already been brought 
 to self-support; and many of them are among the largest and niiost in¬ 
 fluential churches in the denominations to which they belong. They 
 stand at the chief centers of influence in nearly every State and Territo¬ 
 ry from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. They stand, and to the end 
 of time will stand, as monuments of the missionary toil and sacrifice by 
 which their foundations were laid. 
 
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 And the same may be said of the Academies, Colleges and Theologi¬ 
 cal Seminaries, that have been established in the newer States and Ter¬ 
 ritories during the last sixty years. Nearly all of those connected with 
 the denominations represented in this Society, are indebted for their 
 existence and early nurture to its missionaries. In its first year, one of 
 its two missionaries in Illinois was devising plans which soon issued in 
 the establishment of Illinois College and Jacksonville Female Academy. 
 In the year following, the first missionary who bore the Society’s com¬ 
 mission in Southern Ohio, was nursing an infant school, which indeed 
 was less than all seeds, but when it was grown it became a tree—two 
 trees—Marietta College and Marietta Female Seminary. A little later 
 one of these missionaries kneeled on the snow at Crawfordsville, Ind., 
 and dedicated the spot to God as the site of Wabash College. Shortly 
 afterwards a company of missionaries at Denmark, la., initiated, discussed, 
 and adopted plans which resulted in the founding of Iowa College. 
 Three years from the date of the first white settlement in Kansas, the 
 General Association, composed of three missionaries and the delegates 
 from three missionary churches, planted the germ of Washburn College. 
 And so of nearly all the colleges and other higher seminaries in the 
 West. If some of them were not, like these, begotten by missionaries, 
 they are the adopted children of Home Missions. Missionaries were 
 their nnrsing fathers, and missionary churches were their nursing moth¬ 
 ers. What a work they thus accomplished for their own generation, for 
 all generations, for their country, for the world, for Christ! 
 
 By such methods the missionaries of this Society who have labored 
 in newly settled States and Territories, have taken a leading part in 
 rearing the whole structure, molding the whole character, determining the 
 whole future of those great commonwealths. In their noble systems of 
 public instruction; in their humane and reformatory institutions; in the 
 Christian ideas embodied in their constitutions and laws; in the preva¬ 
 lence of an elevated and healthful public sentiment; in the bulwarks 
 erected against vice and crime; in the growth of general intelligence, re¬ 
 finement and taste; in the whole fabric of society from the foundation to 
 the top stone, we see the handiwork of these wise master-builders. 
 
 But while we recormt the mercies of the Lord towards this Society, 
 and the great things which he has wrought through it in the past, we 
 hear his voice reminding us that “ there eemaixeth vet very much land 
 
 TO BE POSSESSED.”