No. 102 C W \ New China & The Church SI ’f»4fr Ip -2S 3 TEMPLE OF THE SUN IN THE GROUNDS OF THE ALTAR OF HEAVEN, PEKING. THESE GROUNDS HAVE BEEN TURNED INTO AN EXPERIMENTAL SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY— ONE OF THE MANY INDlCAi TIONS OF THE CHANGES IN CHINA. THE NEW CHINA N ever before have such sweeping changes occurred in any nation as have taken place in China in the last three years. The most startling of all was that from an absolute monarchy, thousands of years old, to a republic. No wonder China is busy with many and difficult prob- lems of readjustment. In our Western lands the changes that followed the break-up of the Middle Ages; the revival of learning, the religious reformation, the securing of consti- tutional government, the bestowal of the franchise and the introduction of labor saving machinery, were spread out over several centuries. In China these changes are all taking place all at once. CHANGED ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRISTIANITY Of several causes that have led to the changed condi- tions in China, Christianity has been, the most influential. The Vice-President of the Republic — Li Yuan Hung, who is one of the most beloved men in China has said ; “ China would not be aroused as it is today were it not for the missionaries .” Up to a few years ago there existed a great prejudice against Christianity but when freedom of religion was as- sured by the provisional constitution of the republic that 3 prejudice largely disappeared and Christians are no longer despised but regarded with respect and esteem. Under the Adanchu rule students of Mission Schools and Christian Chinese preachers w'ere not allowed to vote for delegates to the Provincial assemblies. Under the pres- ent regime they not only vote but may be members of the assemblies and have been appointed to many high offices. President Yuan has openly voiced his admiration for Christianity and the hope that its principles will be at the foundation of the new government. He contributes yearly ^1,000 towards Christian missionary work. Though not a Christian himself the manager of the Nanking railway said recently: “Confucianism has supplied China with precepts in the past, but China imperatively needs Christianity today to supply her with moral power. Many leading men are turning toward Christianity as the hope of China; it is a sign of the times.” There is a movement on foot in China to reinstate Con- fucianism as a state religion. Even this is a hopeful sign as it shows the desire of the Chinese literati, ignorant of the real weaknesses of Confucianism and of the power of Christianity, to find some moral basis on which the New China may be built. That China is realizing her need of moral strength and help wherever she can get it was evidenced by the Day of Prayer appointed for April 27, 1913. WHERE THE OLD RELIGIONS OF CHINA HAVE FAILED China has had Taoism for twenty-four hundred years, Confucianism for twentv-three hundred years. Buddhism for 4 eighteen hundred years and Mohommedanism for twelve hundred years. The one hundred years in which she has had Christianity in a modern form have done more for her than milleniums of other faiths. These old religions have failed to protest against evil and overcome it. They have failed to teach love for the suffering, the blind, the unfortunate and the outcast. They have left the sick to die on the streets unbefriended and uncared for. They have failed to create living ideals and to form a national conscience. The late Tuan Fang one of China’s strongest statesmen speaking at a meeting of Chinese business men in Shanghai said: “Our Chinese religions crown our hills with tem- ples but do nothing for the people in the cities at their feet. The Christian religion fills our cities with schools and hospitals which minister to the needs of our inhabitants.” CHINA’S GREATEST NEED Much as China needs a strong central government, commercial development, financial reorganization, educa- tional reform, her greatest need is moral character. She needs the power and uplift for individual and nation that Christianity alone can give. She s daily feeling the im- pact of American and European commerce, diplomacy, education, and — with shame let it be said — American and European vices. The question whether the new China is to be a Christian nation or not depends very largely on the adequacy of our Christian mission schools and their ability to supply the people with Christian readers, both ordained and lay. I 5 6 FEW OF THE CLERGY WHO HAVE BEEN TRAINED BY OUR AMERICAN MISSIONARIES FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA. WHAT HAS THE CHURCH DONE TO SUPPLY NEW CHINA WITH CHRISTIAN LEADERS? Many of our mission school and college graduates are in positions of leadership and influence for good in the new movement in China. Our Chinese clergy are not only splendid pastors and teachers but they are among the most public spirited men and most sought after leaders in their localities. Our young mission trained laymen are not onlv helping to build up a strong native Church but they are powers in the new national and civic life. The Secretary of the late Board of Foreign Affairs at Peking — late of the Chinese Legation at Washington and now Minister to Germany — is the son of a Chinese priest in our Mission. He ;s a former student of St. John’s College and a devout Christian. The chairman of the committee which drafted the tenta- tive constitution of the new republic was Mr. C. T. Wang, a Christian worker of wide influence, the son of a Chinese priest of the Church of England Mission. He was a trusted advisor of President Yuan in the early days of the republic, acting-minister of Industry and Commerce in Yuan Shih-kai’s first cabinet and is now Vice-President of the national Senate. Mr. Alfred Sze, now Chinese Ambassador to the United States and Mr. L. K. Koo, one of President Yuan’s secre- taries, are graduates of St John’s University, Shanghai. OUR CHURCH MISSION The American Church Mission entered China in 1842. A few years later the Church of England began work, fol- lowed recently by the Church of England in Canada. In 1912 the eleven dioceses established by these Churches 7 united in forming the Church in China — the Tsung Hua Sheng Kung Hui. This united Church has fourteen hundred Chinese helpers at work and hundreds more in training. Thus there has been created in China a Church which some day will be strong enough to govern itself, support itself, and extend itself without help from abroad. The three American dioceses are Shanghai, Hankow and Anking. They have : 3 — Bishops. 35 — Clergymen — foreign. 42 — Clergymen — native. 86 — Catechists. 37 — Bible Women. 285 — Native Teachers, and property valued at $1,347,837. OUR PRESENT RESPONSIBILITY During China’s present period of reconstruction Christ- ianity is face to face with the greatest opportunity she has had to Christianize great portions of the human race since Apostolic times. There is to be a new China; whether or not it is to be Christian China depends in a great mea- sure whether the Christians of the West will strengthen the work of the Christian Church in China. But the op- portunity is passing and in a few years time the new China will become fixed — for good or for ill — a blessing or a menace to mankind. What we are to do for China we must do now. Realizing the obligation resting upon the American Church the Board of Missions asks for the means to strengthen our forces and increase our equipment immedi- ately. It is a time above all others to make adventures and in- vestments for God in China. The Church should invest 8 $500i000 there in the next three years. W e should send one hundred and thirty-two new missionaries in the next five years. They should be classified as follows : Ordained Men 35 Women for Evangelistic Work 30 Physicians — men 1 0 Physicians — women 5 Trained Nurses 15 Educators — men 18 Educators — women 15 Business Agents — men 2 Business Agents — women 2 132 The Church should realize the solemn responsibility that rests upon her at this time and make earnest prayer that this ancient people and modern force may be brought into the family of God. The detail statements which follow from the Bishops in China indicate where some of the needs lie and what can be done with certain amounts. Correspondence concern- ing them should be addressed to Rev. ARTHUR M. SHERMAN CHURCH MISSION HOUSE 281 Fourth Avenue New York. Checks should be made payable to GEORGE GORDON KING, Treasurer 281 Fourth Avenue New York and should be marked “ For the New China Fund." 9 lO A GENERAL VIEW OF THE BUILDINGS OF ST. JOHN’S UNIVERSITY, SHANGHAI. DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI ST. JOHN’S UNIVERSITY S HANGHAI is easily the most important and influential city of China. St.John’s University was established in 1879 as a boys’ grammar school. It has advanced steadily in size and in the quality of its work until now it is universally recognized as the leading educational institution of the Orient. It has been called the “Harvard of China.” Students in all departments number about 400. There is no American college that comes as near to self-support as St. John’s. But its income is not sufficient to pay running expenses and provide new equipment. The institution has outgrown the original twelve acre trad: in which it started. In 191 1 opportunity offered to secure most desirable property of twelve acres immediately adjoining the college. It was the chance of a life-time and had to be accepted even though debt was incurred. The property cost ap- proximately $81,000. Of this St. John’s still owes $60,000. On $50,000 it is paying an annual inter- est charge of $3,000. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE For land $60,000 NOTE — There has been received in unspecified gifts for the New China Fund the sum of $30,383 of which $6,000 has been appropriated for the recently acquired property at St. John’s. 1 I DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI SHANGHAI Medical School T he work of medical missions in China has now passed the stage of the mere relief of suf- fering. Last year in its wards and dispensaries St. Luke’s Hospital treated 67,000 patients. On all sides there is a rapidly growing demand for foreign medicine and medical science. The most important work before medical missions in the future is that of education. The permanent value of what we have already done depends now on the training up of Chinese physicians and nurses. It will be many years before the Chinese Government will be able to provide scientific medical training. There are no Medical Schools in China except the Missionary Schools. We have the opportunity now by stressing this end of our missionary work, of making a strong Christian impress upon the coming medical profes- sion of China. Our three missionary districts in China have united in forming one medical school to be located in Shanghai in connection with St. Luke’s Hospital. We want to make it worthy of our other work in China. We have the land. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE For building $30,000 Furnishing and Scientific Equipment 5,000 I 2 $ 35,000 DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI SHANGHAI St. Mary’s School S T. Mary’s Hall is aiming to do for the young womanhood of China what St. John’s is doing for its young manhood. This school, started in 1884, has become one of the best known and most highly valued mission schools for girls in China. The cost of its past success is its present need. It is now crowded to the point of having more than two hundred students in buildings erected for one hundred. Large numbers of applicants are turned away yearly. No more significant change has occured in China than the growing demand for the education of its womenhood. Present conditions, in China require high grade schools for girls. It is earnestly desired to secure a new site and erect new buildings for St. Mary’s transferring the present buildings and site to St. John’s University in the campus of which they are located. A suitable plot of ground is now for sale. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE Land and Buildings $75,000 LATER NOTE — We have received $20,216 in cash and about $3,000 in pledges for St, Mary’s Hall. A cable has been sent to Shanghai authorizing the purchase of the land. 13 DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI WUSIH A GREAT centre of the silk trade on the Grand , Canal, The best China silk on the American market comes from this seftion. Population 1 00,000. Our work opened in 1 900. In the midst of a wealthy distridl, with many towns and villages of importance. Wusih might be made a strong base for wide evan- gelistic work, especially as the “School for Catechists” is situated here and provides students who can take part in such work. It also supplies trained catechists for opening new mission stations. We have a resident dodlor but no adequate hospital. The Chinese congre- gation has far outgrown the hall in the parish house where services are being held. More people want to come to church than can get in. We own all the land needed at present. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE Church St. Andrews Hospital School $ 5,000 Siooo 5,000 $15,000 NOTE — The church has been contributed and $665 for general purposes. For the Women’s Ward of this Hospital $3,000 has been contributed. $5,000 additional is needed for the complete equipment. LATER NOTE — The money for the school has been given by one individual and a further $2,000 promised for equipment. 14 DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI NANKING N anking or “Southern Capital” was the seat of the Ming dynasty three hundred years ago. It was the capital of the wealthiest vice-royalty of Manchu China. It is a large and busy city. Our work opened here in 1908. We have two ex- cellent missionaries in the city and a piece of land with a small chapel. Besides schools and residences we ought to have a large worthy church with which to reach some of the thousands of officials, students and merchants of this ancient capital. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE Land Church Residence, schools, etc. ^10,000 7.500 7.500 $25,000 NOTE — $1,500 has been given for Nanking of which $750 is designated for schools. 15 i6 SOME OF THE YOUNGER PATIEN'I'S IN A MISSION HOSPITAL DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI ZANGZOK A n important country town, seventy miles west of ^ Shanghai; population about 20,000; the centre of a district containing 500,000 people. In 1906 land and Chinese buildings were secured. These have been made the headquarters for a staff of Chinese workers. A recent gift of $5,000 has en- abled us to purchase land and erect thereon a suita- residence. Twenty-five villages are visited from Zangzok. As a rule the men outnumber the women in the congregations, seven to one. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE Church Hospital School and other buildings $4,000 4.000 2.000 ~ $10,000 17 i8 BOONJi UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO UPON GRADUATION EXPECT TO STUDY FOR THE MINISTRY. DISTRICT OF HANKOW WUCHANG HE intellectual center for 80,000,000 people is the seat of one of the principal viceroyalties in the old China. Our work opened here in 1868. Population 200,000, including thousands of government students. These, with the hundreds of officials and influential pri- vate citizens offer a magnificent opportunity. Our opportunity in Wuchang is greatly enhanced by the existance and prestige of Boone University, the leading educational institution of central China. With two large churches at strategic points in the city we should have a chance to influence religiously the leaders of central China and to dominate a city that dominates 80,000,000 people. Bishop Roots reports the need of St. Peter’s Hospital for equipment as the greatest present need in his diocese. During the Revolution, it was prominently before the Chinese through the Red Cross work of which the physi- cian in charge was President, and its opportunities for service have greatly increased. For several years St. Peter’s has sought to do its large work in rented Chinese buildings. In gratitude for Dr. MacWillie’s services ;^5,ooo has been contributed locally for a permanent hospital site, of which $2,000 was the gift of Gen. Li Yuan Hung, the Vice-President of the Republic. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE ST. MICHAFL’S Land Church Residence and other buildings $5,000 5,000 2,500 TRINITY Land Church Residence and other buildings $12,500 $7,000 5,000 2.500 19 $14,500 DISTRICT OF HANKOW ST. PETERS HOSPITAL Land with Chinese buildings suitable for temporary hospital and residences $20,000 New General Hospital (Men and Women) 15,000 Equipment Two dwellings for doctors and nurses 10,000 6,000 $51,000 NOTE — $1,687 has been contributed for St. Michael’s Church, $7,000 has been given for land for Trinity Church, and $1,750 for the building. $6,455 has been received for St. Peter’s Hos- pital in addition to the $5,000 raised in China. CHANGSHA HE capital of Hunan province, one of the M most conservative places in China. Population 3,000. Formerly bitterly anti-foreign. Our work opened in 1902. City was saved at the time of the Taiping rebellion which was stopped at this point by the vigorous opposition of the people of Changsha. Our unfinished church (work at a stand-still), crowded schools and immense opportunities call for the sums mentioned. Our Chinese clergyman is one of the best known and progressive men in Changsha. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE To complete the church Residence Land and school $5,000 3.000 6.000 $15,000 NOTE — The money for the church has been given. 20 DISTRICT OF A N K I N G NANCHANG H E capital of Kiang-si province. Population X. 500,000. Centre of education for the whole province, yet we have only a primary day school for boys. Our reputation here is excellent, because St. John’s and Boone Universities are so well known. We have been requested to undertake more educa- tional work, because our work is thorough and effi- cient, therein contrasting favorably with the govern- ment schools. A Chinese clergyman resides here and an American clergyman has just been sent. Teachers should be sent there as soon as possible ; and all necessary buildings erected. At present, we do not own a foot ot ground, and worry along in rented buildings. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE Land Church Residence Schools, etc. 7.500 3,000 4 , 501 ' NOTE — The sum of $1,000 has been pledged for land. $25,000 2 2 SOME OF THE K.IUKIANG CHRISTIANS AT THE DOOR OF THE CHINESE HOUSE WHICH AT PRESENT DOES DUTY FOR A CHURCH DISTRICT OF A N K J N G KIUKIANG A n important city on the Yangtse. The gateway into Kiang-si province. Population 40,000. Great centre for tea trade. Station opened in 1901. Church and Schools and one additional residence urgently needed. In 1911, an important out-station was opened. Others could be undertaken, if the equipment were increased. Our missionaries here act as chaplains to the English and American com- munity. We own all the land needed at present. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE Church $5,000 Residence and school 5, 000 $10,000 NOTE — $2,374 have been given for the church building. LATER NOTE— The money for the school, $2,500, has been promised. WUHU T H E largest treaty port in the district of Anking and one of the largest rice ports in the world. Population 125,000. We have a good Church — St. James, and boys’ school but greatly need a girls’ school and residence for women. We own all the land needed at present. EQUIPMENT NEEDED AT ONCE Girls’ School $4,000 Women’s Residence 3,000 $7,000 23 SUMMARY I. SHANGHAI St. John’s University St. Mary’s Hall Medical School $60,000 75.000 35.000 II. WUSIH Church and hospital 15,000 III. NANKING Land, church, residence and schools 25,000 IV. ZANGZOK Church, hospital, schools, etc. 10,000 V. WUCHANG Land, churches, residences, schools and hospital 78,000 VI. CHANGSHA Land, church and school 14,000 VII. WUHU 7,000 VIII. KIUKIANG Church, residence and school 10,000 IX. NANCHANG Land, church, residences and schools 25,000 X. New residences, location to be determined 9,000 $356,000 Amount contributed and pledged 92,000 Total amount needed $264,000 C Copies of this pamphlet may be obtained from The Board of Missions, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York, by asking for No. 202 2ND En. 3-14 lOM c. P. 24