co^^J^tcll^l'1^51' HX64111318 RA982.J55 W51 History ot the Jewis RECAP HQSPITAL^'^IBBOCI ATI By henry N. WESSEL, Secretary DECEMBER FIRST, 1908 f ^-^ A Columbia ?Hnibers!itp in tijE Cit j> ot i^to ^orfe Cottege of ^ijpgicians! anb burgeons l^eference Xibrarp Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2010 witii funding from Open Knowledge Commons http://www.archive.org/details/historyofjewishhOOwess ABRAHAM SULZBERGER HISTORY OF THE JEWISH HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION OF PHILADELPHIA BY HENRY N. WESSEL SECRETARY IK DECEMBER FIRST 1908 Vc. «> a V ^ ^v4„ oArC a K^ <^ , PRESS OF EDWARD STERN & CO., INC. PHILADELPHIA History of the Jewish Hospital Association OF PHILADELPHIA By Henry N. Wessel, Secretary THIS HOSPITAL WAS ERECTED BY THE VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ISRAELITES OF PHILADELPHIA AND IS DEDICATED TO THE RELIEF OF THE SICK AND WOUNDED WITHOUT REGARD TO CREED, COLOR OR NATIONALITY under the management of a board composed of members of the Jewish Hospital Association This inscription over the main entrance to the Jewish Hos- pital is expressive of the high ideals which actuated its founders in their noble work. It was instituted and has ever since been governed by Jews, and is managed in the broadest spirit of humanity. Originally formed for the care of the sick, it has, year by year, extended its sphere of useful- ness. New problems have been presented, considered and, under the leadership of men of most sterUng qualities, have been overcome. To properly compile its history, giving due credit to those who have so conscientiously labored in behalf of humanity, would be a restatement of volumes containing pro- lific records of unselfish charity, discriminatingly but widely distributed. The interest manifested by the people of all sec- tions of this city and State, in the support of the Association, demonstrates their appreciation of the disinterested labors of the management. From a small dwelling in West Philadelphia, which had been altered into a hospital for the sick and a home for the aged and infirm, it has grown to include twenty-two acres of ground, upon which are located twenty beautiful buildings, constructed, equipped and maintained with all that modern ingenuity and science has produced for the treatment of the sick, and the physical, moral and religious care of the aged and destitute. During the first year of its existence (1866) there were treated in the Hospital about 50 patients and in the Home there were 4 4 inmates. For the fiscal year ending April 30, 1908, there were treated 1,503 patients in the General Hospital, 75 patients in the Lucien Moss Home for Incurables, 103 patients in the Children's Ward, 4,581 patients in the Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary, 11 inmates in the Infirmary for the Aged, 211 pa- tients in the Guggenheim Building for Private Patients, and 44 inmates in the Home for the Aged, furnishing 115,864 days' support; 20,299 patients have been treated in the General Hospital since its opening in 1865; 562 patients in the Lucien Moss Home since its opening in 1900; 709 in the Guggenheim Building for Private Patients; 568 in the Henry M. Phillips and Simon Muhr Children's Wards; 40 in the Isolation Build- ing; 277 inmates in the Home for Aged and Infirm, and 130,174 patients have received treatment in the Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary since its foundation in 1878. The cost of supporting the various institutions in 1865 was less than $5,000; during the last year it was $151,887.31; and with this large increase in expenditure, the average annual expense of supporting one in- mate has fallen from $895 in 1872 to $650 in 1908. The Leg- acy and Endowment Fund, on May i, 1908, amounted to $444,- 897.25, much of which has been consumed in the construction of buildings, laying out roads, etc. There was but one med- ical assistant in 1865. At present there is a Chief Resident Physician, with six assistants and 67 consulting surgeons and physicians. All this could not have been accomplished with- out the aid of thoughtful and Hberal friends, who, by their generous bequests, legacies and endowments, have assisted the Association financially, whose hearts and hands were always ready, and whose responses for assistance were invariably of the most generous character. The Jewish Hospital Association of Philadelphia owes its initial existence to the philanthropy of Mr. Abraham Sulzberger, who, on the 14th day of August, 1864, initiated a movement in the District Grand Lodge, No. 3, of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, which resulted in the appointment of a provisional committee, consisting of Max Thalheimer, Chairman, Rev. Isaac Leeser, Vice-Chairman ; Abraham Sulzberger, Secretary, and Solomon Hofheimer, Raphael Teller, Lewis Ellinger and Sam- uel Weil, with directions to "take immediate steps to secure the co-operation of all Jewish societies and individuals for the pur- pose of founding a Jewish Hospital" within the limits or the immediate vicinity of Philadelphia. This committee, on the 1 8th day of August, 1864, issued circulars to the various persons who were deemed to be interested; they visited the various Lodges of the Order, to ascertain how many subscribers could be obtained, at a sum not exceeding five dollars ($5.00) per annum, towards the support of a Jewish Hospital. After having secured some three hundred subscribers, it was decided to popu- larize the movement by inviting the co-operation of the entire Jewish community. A meeting was therefore held in the Hall of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, on the 4th day of December, 1864, at which every congregation in the city of Philadelphia (with but one exception) was represented, and many societies sent delegates, representing every shade of opin- ion and nationality among the IsraeUtes of this city. It was at that meeting decided that a Hospital, conducted according to Jewish custom, was necessary, and that a Society for the conduct of such a Hospital should be organized. This con- vention, after very careful and patient consideration of the subject, adopted a Constitution and By-Laws, and thereupon called a pubHc meeting of the Israelites of the city of Philadel- phia, which was held at National Guards' Hall, Race Street, below Sixth, on Sunday, February 19, 1865, at which the Jewish Hospital Association was duly organized and Alfred T. Jones elected President; Isadore Binswanger, Vice-Presi- dent; Samuel Weil, Treasurer; Mayer Sulzberger, Secretary; Henry J. Hunt, Corresponding Secretary; and Messrs. Abra- ham S. Wolf, Isaac Leeser, Joseph Einstein, Samuel Hecht, Simon Ezekiel, M. Thalheimer, William B. Hackenburg, Simon Alexander, Dr. Judah Isaacs, M. M. Bayersdorfer and Heze- kiah W, Arnold elected managers, and Alexander Goodman, messenger. A membership committee was appointed and 650 members secured. On September 23, 1865, the Jewish Hos- pital Association of Philadelphia was incorporated by the decree of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Phila- delphia. Immediately after its organization, subscriptions were opened for the purchase of a suitable property, and a piece of ground of about one and one-fourth acres, located at the junction of Westminster Avenue, Haverford Road and Fisher's Avenue (Fifty-sixth Street), West Philadelphia, was bought for the sum of eight thousand dollars ($8,000). The building located upon this lot, and first occupied by the Jewish Hospital, is thus described in the first report of the then President, Mr. Alfred T. Jones: "A plain, substantial stone dwelling, partly two and partly three stories in height, unpretending in appearance, yet bearing an air of comfort and repose. Along the entire front runs a spacious porch, affording shelter alike from the sultry beams of the midday sun and the pelting of the piti- less storm, adorned with clinging vines and gemmed with budding flowers, while beds of pleasant green, and trees of grateful shade fill up the intervening space. Nature's foli- age adds beauty to the scene, and, stirred by gentle breezes, tempers the atmosphere and wafts sweet odors round. A short distance in the rear loom forth the portly dimensions of a commodious barn and stable, while a well of pure water and all the requirements of a country home abound.' ' At the first annual meeting, held January 7, 1866, the attention of the members of the Association was directed to the advisa- bility of extending the usefulness of the Society by adding to the Hospital an Asylum for the Destitute, Aged and Infirm; and in consequence of this, an amendment to the Constitution was approved by the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, on July 7, 1866, and the Association was given the power to establish an Asylum for the support and employment of the Aged, Infirm and Destitute, under such rules and regulations as might thereafter be prescribed in the By-Laws. On April 10, 1866, the Association took possession of the prop- erty, and it was altered to make it suitable for hospital purposes. Wells were dug, the cellar was remodeled, both interior and exterior improvements were made, involving an expenditure of $5,200. This work was done under the supervision of the first Building Committee, which consisted of Messrs. A. S. Wolf, Chairman, William B. Hackenburg, Judah Isaacs, Henry Mayer and S. Hecht. $2,350 was expended under the directions of the committee in the furnishing of the Hospital. Mrs. Mary D. Brown, of the Society of Friends, was the first "stranger to our faith" who, by her liberal gift of five hundred dollars ($500), assisted in the work of the Association. On June 28, 1866, two lots of ground adjoining the property on either side were purchased at an expense of $3,750, of which $750 was paid at the time of the purchase, and the balance liquidated in four yearly instalments of $750 each. By this purchase the Association became the owner of three and one-fifth acres of ground. On August 6, 1866, the Hospital was opened for the reception of patients, and on September 17, 1866, the first applicant was admitted as an inmate of the "Asylum for the Aged, Infirm and Destitute. " The dedication services were not held until May 28, 1867. In the first five months there were treated 28 patients, of which three were non-Israelites, and all patients, with two excep- tions, were treated gratuitously. There had been four admissions to the Asylum for the Aged. The first death which occurred in the Hospital was that of Isaac Hirsch, of Ichenhausen, Bavaria. It occurred on October 6, 1866, and resulted from the unskillful act of a dentist in extracting a tooth. The mortgage upon the prop- erty was satisfied in October, 1869, through the efforts of the Widows' Relief Association of the B'nai B'rith. During the fiscal year which ended January 9, 1870, it was found that the wards of the Hospital were too small to accommo- date all applicants, and that it had become necessary to limit the number of admissions to the Home for the Aged and Infirm. On November 4, 1869, a committee of the Board of Officers, con- sisting of Messrs. Lucien Moss, Mayer Sulzberger and William B. Hackenburg, having investigated, reported that they found the accommodations inadequate, the location unadapted, and recommended a sale of the property and the appointment of a committee on new buildings, with instructions to ascertain a suit- able place for the erection of a building for the purposes of the Association. The labors of this committee were hastened by notices received on July 8, 1871, that it was the intention of the municipal authorities to open Haverford Road through the Hos- pital property, from Somerset Street to Sixty-eighth Street, which would necessitate the removal of the western wing, at that time occupied by the steward's family and the physician. At the meeting on January 8, 1871, the Association approved the resolution offered by the Building Committee authorizing the purchase of a suitable site, the erection of all buildings necessary for a Hospital and Asylum, and the Board was empowered to devise ways and means to procure the necessary funds. On February 2, 1871, the Board of Officers created a building fund; in March, 1871, the Committee on Site was increased to 8 five; at the May meeting a plan was adopted, and on July 6, 1871, the present Hospital site was agreed upon as the most suit- able, and the following August it was purchased. On May i, 1871, the President, Mr. Abraham S. Wolf, issued a circular requesting contributions toward a fund of fifty thou- sand dollars ($50,000), and a Committee on Subscriptions to the Building Fund, consisting of seventy members, was appointed. That this committee performed its work diligently is shown by its report, made at the annual meeting held January 14, 1872, which shows that it had agreed upon purchasing the site on Olney Road near Old York Road, Twenty-second Ward, consisting of fourteen and one-half acres, of which about ten acres was on the south side of Olney Road and the remainder on the north side, the western boundary of which was the line of Thirteenth Street and the eastern boundary the line of Tenth Street, having a width on Olney Road of about 1,200 feet, and a depth of about 500 feet. The buildings consisted of a spring-house, barn, farmer's house and mansion. They stood back from the Olney Road about 150 feet, covered about 196 feet front and 45 feet deep. The price of the property was $18,500, of which $9,500 was paid on account. The corner-stone of the new Jewish Hospital was laid Wednesday, October 9, 1872, at 3 o'clock P.M., by the officers of the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Masons of Pennsylvania, in the presence of the members and contributors to the Hospital, Lodges of the various Jewish Orders, Mayor, Presidents of Select and Common Councils of the city, Judges of the different Courts and many prominent citizens. The Hospital building was constructed of double walls, with a space of several inches between them, the outside walls being of rubble stone work and the inside of brick. This plan was adopted to prevent dampness. It is a structure of somewhat irregular plan, about 80 feet in front and 45 feet deep, having as its west wing the old house, about 42 feet in front and depth, and the east wing 74 feet front by 28 feet deep. The center building is three stories high, having a basement of 10 feet, and the three stories being respectively 13, 12 and 10 feet in the clear. The wings were two stories high, the eastern wing having, in addition, a basement 10 feet entirely out of the ground. The center building was divided into two parts; the westernmost part, in conjunction with the old building, was used as a Home for the Aged and Infirm, and the easternmost part was used for the Hospital. The first and second floors of the east wing were the male and female wards respectively. The first floor of the building was approached by a double flight of steps leading through a ves- tibule, in which a lift ran from the basement to the third story. In the back of this hall is the main stairway, 4 feet wide, extending the entire height of the building. To the west of the main hall was the Home, which was divided by a corridor. On the north side of the corridor was a chapel, 21 feet by 36 feet 9 inches, and on the south side was the Directors' room, 14 by 16 feet, and a reception-room, 1 1 feet by 14 feet. The corridor connected with the old building, in v/hich was a lady managers' room, the female sitting-room, the reception-room and the library. To the left of the main hall on the south side of the corridor were the apothecary's room and the nurses' room, and on the north side of the corridor the nurses' diet kitchen, lavatory and bath- room. The ward was 72 feet by 24 feet, and contained beds for sixteen patients. The second floor was arranged on the same general plan. The front room over the main hall was the oper- ating room. In the Home there were three bedrooms over the chapel, two bedrooms and a bathroom for the use of the Home over the Directors' and reception-rooms. The second floor of the old building contained dressing-room, bedroom, bath and lavatory. The third floor had ten bedrooms, bath and lavatory, linen closets and large room over the operating room. A large tank in the high roof on the center building supplied the build- ing with water. In the basement the room under the chapel was used as a dining-room, and the other rooms were used for smoking-rooms, china-closet, etc. On the south side of the Hospital corridor was contained the kitchen, which was fitted up with range, sinks, etc. On the north side was the laundry. The basement of the wing, which was entirely out of the ground, was divided into storerooms and servants' bedrooms. The buildings were heated by steam, both direct and indirect radia- tion being at that time employed. Messrs. Furness & Hewitt were the architects and superintendents. In 1872 a special Act of the Legislature was passed exempting the Hospital property from taxation, and in that year the Hos- pital was awarded $1,300 for damages resulting from the widen- ing of Haverford Road through the Hospital's property in West Philadelphia. lO It required energy and perseverance to secure the money necessary to pay for the completion of the new buildings. On January 14, 1872, the subscriptions to the Building Fund were less than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000). On November 19th of that year, they had only increased to the sum of $36,600, and it then became a matter of very serious consideration as to whether sufficient could be secured to construct the building without soliciting aid from Israelites in other cities. On the evening of that date, however, a meeting was held, and it was concluded to place the matter of subscriptions in the hands of a committee of six, who labored diligently in this behalf, and on the 1 2th day of January, 1873, had increased the subscriptions to $48,322. The entire cost of the new building, including the farmer's house, dead-house and summer shed, was $88,379.88, all of which was raised by the subscriptions of the Israelites of Philadelphia, except the sum of $10,000, which was raised upon mortgage on the West Philadelphia property. Part of the funds — to wit, about $11,000 — necessary for the erection of the building was secured through the efforts of Lazarus Morgenthau, Esq., of New York, who presented to the Association an elegantly bound "Golden Book of Life," and generously volunteered his services in taking charge of it on the day of dedication. On September 14, 1873, the new Hospital and Home for the Aged and Infirm was dedicated and the Synagogue consecrated, and on the i8th of the same month the patients and inmates of the Home were removed to the Hospital and Home, amid con- gratulations and much happiness. Until the annual meeting of January 11, 1874, the contrib- utors assisting in the support of the Hospital were all known as "Members." The removal to the new location, the increased labors and the widened field of effort, naturally resulted 'in in- creased expenses, and for the purpose of providing for the pay- ment of these outlays, at that meeting members who were willing to contribute $25 were formed into a class and designated as " Patrons." The Constitution was also amended by the addition of a section providing for the election of an Executive Committee, which should be composed of the President, Treasurer and five members of the Board, and likewise for a committee of ladies, a medical staff and standing committees, known as the Com- mittee on Home and the Committee on Admissions. II The necessity for providing for a dispensary service soon became evident, and in the President's report to the annual meeting held January ii, 1875, an amendment to the Constitu- tion was suggested (and subsequently adopted) by which the Association would have the power to establish and maintain a dispensary. The Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania was applied to for aid in the erection of a Dispensary Building, and an appro- priation of $25,000 passed the House of Representatives, but failed in the Senate, notwithstanding that in the same year the agent of the State Board of Public Charities had reported that "a better arranged hospital, a more comfortable asylum, I have not yet seen. It compares favorably with the best in the land. I recommend it as a model for institutions of similar magnitude and for similar purposes for adoption in cities and in the country." In 1876, an appropriation of $25,000 for a similar purpose passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, but was vetoed by the Governor. It has always been the good fortune of the Jewish Hospital Association, in time of great need, to find someone to extend a helping hand, and, after failing to secure State aid, it was only natural that it should receive assistance from an independent source. Mr. and Mrs. Abraham Adler and Mr. August B. Loeb, public-spirited and philanthropic citizens, knowing the dis- tress then prevalent and the utter lack of proper medical treat- ment for poor out-patients, and desiring to perpetuate the memory of Mr. and Mrs. Adler's daughter and Mr.Loeb's wife, the late Mrs. Mathilde Adler Loeb, proposed to the thirteenth annual meet- ing of the Association to erect on the Hospital grounds, at the northeast of the main building, an edifice suitable for a dispen- sary, it being stipulated that the benefits of the charity were to be without distinction of creed, color, sex or nationality. The offer, together with the proposed plans and specifications, was submitted to the Board of Officers, which approved and accepted them. The corner-stone of the Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary was laid in April, and the building was completed and dedicated August 26, 1878. It is a full one-and-one-half-story building, with French roof and stone dormers, English Gothic cottage. The walls are faced in small pointed stone of a lively bluish color, and relieved with belt courses and arches over the windows, of 12 red, buff and black brick. The French roof is covered with black Pennsylvania and green Vermont slate. The interior contains a cellar under the whole building. The first story contains a waiting-room for patients, i8 by 15 feet; physician's room, 12 by 13 feet, apothecary's room, 12 by 15 feet. The second story contains three chambers and a bathroom. The waiting-room is wainscoted; three sides are provided with stationary seats for patients, while the fourth shows an ornamental walnut frame containing three divisions, the middle one with a life-size por- trait of Mrs. August B. Loeb, in whose memory the building was erected. The expense of maintaining the Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary was, for several years, provided for by Mr. August B. Loeb personally. He Hkewise, in 1883, endowed it in the sum of $2,500, and this he subsequently increased to $10,000. Mrs. Hannah Adler also bequeathed to the Association $2,000, the interest to be used for its support. It has been continuously open to the poor. Since May 27,1900, a small charge is made in discretionary cases. In 1907 a clinic for tuberculosis patients was established in the Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary and has proven of great usefulness. Abraham S. Wolf, the second President of the Association, died in August, 1880. By his will he provided, on the termina- tion of certain life estates and sundry contingent remainders, for the establishment of a Home, to be incorporated, named and styled "The Abraham S. Wolf Home for Aged and Infirm Poor Israelites." A special meeting of the Association was held for the purpose of considering this bequest; but on account of the peculiar wording of the will, it was found that a corporation was to be erected to take charge of the Home, and that the trustees were to be created out of the members of three Jewish Congrega- tions. This corporation was to build a home on the grounds of the Jewish Hospital Association, and might control the Home without consultation with the Association. It was felt that the moneys already donated to the Association, which, with the property owned, was worth upwards of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), were given to and held by the Association in trust for the aged and the sick, and that to abandon this trust would be attended with the gravest legal and moral difficulties. After negotiations, it was found impossible to complete satis- factory arrangements with the executors and trustees, and at a special meeting of the Association, held May 29, 1881, a reso- 13 lution was adopted reciting the impracticability of accepting the bequest, so far as it related to the erection of the Home upon the Hospital property. In the year 1883, Mrs. Gabriel S. Mayer endowed the first bed in perpetuity. It is known as the "Carl Theodore Mayer Bed." Miss Julia B. Eckstein paid one thousand dollars ($1,000) for the life privilege of a bed, and during this year the Board of Officers first designated Decoration Day, May 30th, as "Donation Day." By reason of certain investigations made by a special com- mittee, the Board of Officers recommended to the Association the erection of certain additions and alterations to the building, for the purpose of providing bathrooms, laundry, kitchen, engine- rooms, coal vault and stable, the expense of which was estimated to be about $15,000, and at the nineteenth annual meeting, held January 13, 1884, the matter of raising the funds necessary to defray the expenses of these improvements was referred to the Board of Officers with full power. It was found, upon further investigation, that the cost of making these improvements would require an outlay of $32,000, and it was therefore decided to make temporary repairs, which necessitated the expenditure of about $3,000. In the following year the stable, carriage sheds and other out-buildings were finished at an expense of $6,474.08. During the fiscal year ending January i, 1886, the encum- brances upon the West Philadelphia property were paid off and the Association thus held this property clear of encumbrance. In the President's report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1885, the attention of the Association was called to the ne- cessity for the erection of a suitable building for the proper care of the Inmates of the Home, and suggesting that the wing then used for the aged might be occupied as a ward for incurables. At the twenty-second annual meeting, held January 9, 1887, resolutions were adopted, referring to the Board of Officers the matter of providing proper accommodations for the Aged and Infirm and the care of Incurables, with instructions to prepare a plan for that purpose, and with that end in view, to confer with the various Jewish Orders that might desire to assist in accom- plishing this object. A committee of seven, on December 2, 1887, reported to the Board of Officers that the incurable and contagious diseases should be treated outside of the regular wards, that a suitable 14 Home for the Aged as well as kitchens, boiler-house and laundry, should be erected separate and apart from the Hospital; that the whole system of buildings should have a frontage on Thir- teenth Street as then laid out, and that the Home building should be first erected. This was approved at a meeting of the Board of Officers, held December 4, 1887, and at the twenty- third annual meeting of the Association, held January 8, 1888, the Board of Officers was directed to open subscriptions payable in four equal instalments, and was authorized to make necessary arrangements for carrying out these plans. In order to provide funds, the right was also given to any person, upon payment of $5,000, to name a room in either the Hospital or Home for the Aged, and amendments were adopted extending to the Home for the Aged the same privileges as were then in existence relative to the Hospital for the endowment of perpetual and life privilege beds. In January, 1888, the Board of Officers made its appeal for subscriptions, having first appointed a Committee on Building Fund, composed of one hundred members. Within six months the subscriptions amounted to $85,613.75, which was then supposed to be sufficient to pay for the new Home building, laundry, kitchen, boiler-houses and alterations to the roads and grounds. The corner-stone was laid October 9, 1888, being the sixteenth anniversary of the laying of the corner-stone of the Hospital building, and the Home was dedi- cated Thursday (Thanksgiving Day), November 28, 1889. The exterior of the building is in the Moorish style of archi- tecture. The facades are of stone, terra-cotta and variegated brickwork. The cornices are heavy copper mouldings and the roof is covered with slate. There is an air-space of four inches between the inner and outer walls. The site of the building is at the corner of Thirteenth Street and Clarkson Avenue. The building is L-shape, leaving a triangular plot between the building and Thirteenth Street. The principal entrance is to- wards the Hospital on the Thirteenth Street side. Halls, 12 feet wide, extend the length of the building. On the ground floor to the right-hand side is the Directors' room and the Ladies' Committee room. On the left-hand side is the Matron's room and general reception room (now used by the Superintendent for offices). Seven rooms for inmates open on the corridor, and on the left-hand side is the main dining-room, 40 by 23 feet, 15 next to which is the pantry, having a large lift which descends to the basement and communicates with a covered way leading to the kitchen. Adjoining the dining-room is the diet kitchen, and on the other side of the corridor is the sitting-room, 27 feet by 16 feet. At this point there is a second corridor, running at right-angles with the one described, at either end of which are iron staircases which extend to the third floor of the building. On the second and third floors are sleeping, bath and toilet- rooms, parlors and linen-rooms. In the basement are the cellars, servants' bedrooms and dining-rooms, pantry, store and smok- ing-rooms. The kitchen, laundry and boiler-house were placed midway beween the Hospital building and the Home, commun- icating with both by covered passages having slate roofs and closed sides. The kitchen is 42 feet by 21 feet, with a double set of ranges, sinks and all kitchen appliances; two large store- rooms for stores, refrigerators, etc. In the center of the build- ing is a large smoke-stack for the use of the ranges, boilers and the laundry. The laundry was entirely disconnected from the rest of the building by brick walls, having an entrance from the outside only. The entire building was heated by steam. The total receipts for the Building Fund to January i, 1890, were $90,462.70. The total cost of the new building, including the roads, furniture, insurance, portraits, advertising and sundry expenses connected with laying the corner-stone and dedication, was $105,610.58. The part of the Hospital building which had been used as a Home for the Aged was, about the first of September, 1890, occu- pied as a ward for incurables. It was opened with the use of three beds in the male and three beds in the female department. In March, 1892, the property adjoining the Hospital to the west and extending to York Road, containing about four acres, was purchased for the sum of $20,000, of which $5,000 remained on mortgage and $15,000 was raised by loan from the Chestnut Street National Bank. This was repaid out of a mortgage of $25,000, which was subsequently created. The proper treatment of the sick has been a matter of study for generations. Science has done much toward the cure of disease, and the medical fraternity, by a system of education, is eradicating conditions productive of illness. Nothing, however, is to-day considered of greater importance in the care of the sick than thoughtful, attentive and efficient nursing. i6 During the first eleven years of the Hospital's existence, not more than one male and one female nurse were employed at the same time. In addition to ministering to the actual needs of the sick, bathing, taking temperature, pouring of medicine, the application of poultices and surgical dressings, the male nurse attended the inmates of the Home for the Aged at meal-time in a serving capacity, watched over the patients at their meals, sorted the linen, was held responsible for the actual cleaning of the wards, was subject to call at all hours, and received as com- pensation $16.00 per month and leave of absence of one-half a day each month. The female attendant fared similarly. On January i, 1892, the Nurses' Training School was estab- lished, and on November 30, 1901, the Nurses' Training School Committee was created, and requisite rules for its government and the government of the nurses were adopted. It was intended thereby to establish a power to which the chief nurse or a scholar could appeal in the event of necessity, and also a committee which would have control of the school and its discipline. The term of instruction, which originally was two years, was changed to three years. Nurses were classified as Seniors, Juniors and Probationers, Probationers being the term applied to students for the first two months; the Junior period covers the balance of the year, and the last two years constitute the Senior period. Lectures are delivered by the staff of physicians and others not directly connected with the Hospital, upon all branches of medical, surgical, gynecological and obstetrical nursing, mas- sage and dietetics. Examinations are held and diplomas awarded. On May 30, 1908, the Training School consisted of one chief nurse, four head nurses and 49 pupil nurses, and since its forma- tion, beginning with the Class of 1 894, there have been graduated 102 nurses. A Nurses' Alumni Association was organized in 1903, its present membership being 52. The advance in sanitation of buildings and the adoption of preventative measures to combat disease resulted in the con- struction, in 1897, of a building known as the "Sanitary Tower." It is connected with the central portion of the main building on the south side, and corresponds with the architecture of the building as it then existed. It contains all the known modern improvements in sanitary and scientific plumbing, drainage and ventilation. There are a plunge, steam, vapor, needle, hot and cold shower-baths, the necessary toilet-rooms, nurses' laundry, 17 and the ground floor was used for servants' quarters. The ex- pense connected with this was $13,886.03. The West Philadelphia property had not been a source of much income; it had for some time been rented for school pur- poses at $750 per annum ; but at several meetings of the Associa- tion resolutions had been adopted looking to its sale either as an entirety or in lots. It was finally sold on April 25, 1898, for $30,000, the receipt of which enabled the Association to satisfy the mortgages upon its new property. The Incurable Ward was always a source of much grave con- sideration. Located in the old part of the Hospital, in close connection with the convalescing, among conditions which did not tend to best results, it stood as a mute appeal for further benefactions. Mr. Lucien Moss, a Director until his death, April 19, 1895, saw the necessity of providing in a separate building for the chronic invalids, where the care, attention and treatment would be better adapted to their ailments. He, therefore, by his last will, directed that upon the death of his widow (which occurred November 25, 1907), his entire residuary estate should pass to the Association for the erection of a new Home for Incurables, and for the support and maintenance of its inmates. The net principal received by the Association from this source was $184,069.27, and ten shares of the stock of the Mount Sinai Cemetery Association. Its erection was com- menced in the middle of June, 1899, the corner-stone laid Sep- tember 21, 1899, with Masonic ceremonies, and the building was dedicated June 10, 1900. The Lucien Moss Home is connected with the buildings of the Hospital by means of covered ways. It is 46 feet by 136 feet, is constructed of stone, brick and terra-cotta, with a roof of slate, and is of fire-proof construction. The stairway is con- structed of iron and is built around the hatchway of a lift, which is ample to carry a patient on a cot from one floor to another. Adjacent to the main stairway is the Memorial Room, which contains family portraits, paintings, bronzes and other relics, gifts bequeathed by his will. A main hall divides the entire building into two parts. Doc- tor's office, living-room. Matron's room, two double and four single bedrooms are on the first floor. A sun-parlor, facing the south, east and north, is on each floor. Bathroom, needle, vapor, shower and other modern baths, lavatories and nurses' I8 laundry are on each floor. Dining, serving-rooms and diet kitchens are on the west end of the first floor. The second and third floors also each contain two double and four single bed- rooms, bath and other necessary accommodations, such as apothecary's, operating, dark and nurses' rooms. An exterior fire-escape has also been provided. The basement contains four double bedrooms, originally used for servants, disinfecting room, bath, lockers, and examination room. The building is also pro- vided with the latest improvements in ventilating and heating system, all the foul air being drawn from the building, passing over the fire in the boilers before it reaches the outer air. All modern improvements for the comfort and convenience of the patients have been provided. Its usefulness has been extended from time to time, especially in the care and treatment of those afflicted with tuberculosis of the lungs. In July, 1903, large tents were erected on the lawn south of the Lucien Moss Home for the treatment of this class of patients. The erection of the Lucien Moss Home and other buildings necessitated the enlargement, in 1899, of the coal vaults, the building of additional greenhouses (one of which was erected by Mr. Henry Fernberger) and the construction of a new laundry building, at an expense to the Improvement Account of $5,252.07. The latter has from time to time been enlarged to care for the increasing work and to provide sleeping accommodations for the servants. Mrs. Rose Frank has for eighteen years been one of the most active workers in the upbuilding of the institutions under the Association's control, and since her removal a few years ago to New York City, her interest in the institution has not abated, though she is necessarily unable to give the kind of service she rendered while living here. Not only has she given unsparingly of her time and energy, but she has assisted in many other ways. On June 4, 1900, Mrs. Frank, then Chair- man of the Ladies' Visiting Committee, expressed to the Board of Ofiicers her desire to erect a Synagogue on the grounds of the Association, in memory of her deceased husband, Henry S. Frank, and to be used by the inmates of the Home and the patients in the Hospital. She provided that it should be dedi- cated to the worship of God in the manner of the Jewish faith, but might be used for such meetings of the Association as the Board of Officers deemed proper. 19 The corner-stone was laid January 27, 1901, the building was completed and dedicated with appropriate ceremonies, Thursday, September 12, 1901, and opened for divine services on the Sat- urday following, being the first day of Rosh Hashonah. It is located on the site of the old house, directly in front of the Hos- pital and Home buildings, and facing York Road. It is one of the most beautiful and completely furnished houses of Jewish worship in this country, designed after the architecture em- ployed in the Synagogues of Palestine in the first and second centuries, and the inscription over the outer entrance is literally copied from one of these. It is built of Indiana limestone, the woodwork being of oak. The entrance vestibule is flanked by two tall columns sup- porting the cornice. The frieze is carved in Hebrew characters. The vestibule is floored with mosaic. The auditorium is 33 feet wide, 28 feet high and 37 feet long, lighted by eight large win- dows, two being memorial windows in memory of the parents of the donor and her husband. The seats are of quartered oak, arranged along the north and south walls. In the center is the reading platform. At the east end is the shrine, containing the Scrolls of the Law. The woodwork is painted white and the interior hangings and curtains are of rich crimson satin damask. Appropriate inscriptions, candlesticks, gas fixtures, tablets and perpetual lamp are also therein contained. In December, 1900, a small lot of ground lying between Tenth and Twelfth Streets (about three acres), bounded on the south by Clarkson Avenue, comprising about twenty lots, was pur- chased to square the lines of the property, at an expense to the Association of $2,857.40. It is but natural to suppose that, with the advance in surgery, new fields of usefulness were opened to the Association. The operations at this time were performed in a comparatively small room, with artificial Hght and inadequate appliances. Mr. Marx B. Loeb (who had been Treasurer and a Director of the Associa- tion, and who was always deeply interested in its work) and his wife offered, on May 26, 1901, to erect and equip a building for use as an operating room, in memory of Mrs. Loeb's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Frank, and her brother, Henry S. Frank. This offer was accepted by the Association at its twenty-sixth annual meeting; the corner-stone was laid Sunday, June i, 1902, and the building dedicated October 4, 1903. 20 The building is two stories in height, 25 by 40 feet, is of fire- proof construction, connected with the main Hospital building by a bridged covered way, and is easily reached from all portions of the old Hospital, as well as the Guggenheim Pay Wing. The exterior walls are of gray Conshohocken stone in the basement and buff brick in the main story. The roof is built of steel trusses, and has an exterior covering of slate, copper and glass. The floors throughout are of iron girders and concrete filling, finished above with cement and tile. It is built at an acute angle with the main Hospital, so as to provide the best light- ing for the operating tables. A wide passage leads from the main Hospital building to the two recovery rooms, through the ether- izing room into the operating room. This room is 16 feet wide, 24 feet long and 15 feet high, is constructed on the octagon plan, and, in addition to windows, is lighted by a large skylight with a diffusing sash of ground glass. The walls and ceiUng are lined with opalite glass tile and the floor with hexagon sanitary tile. The room is fitted up with all the most modern appliances and apparatus for operations. The building is steam-heated. The instrument room is directly connected with the operating room, and a stairway leads to the basement, in which are located the robing-rooms, toilet, bathrooms, lockers, sterilizing and rooms for storage purposes. A small addition has since been made to the west of the building and is used for sterilizing purposes. The Jewish Hospital Association was enabled, from its in- come, to pay for all expenditures until the fiscal year ending December 31, 1876. From that time it has been taxed, by its beneficiaries, far beyond its receipts. To such an extent had this grown, that the management was yearly obliged to encroach upon its invested funds. Many of the other Jewish charitable organizations of this city felt the same needs, and to meet these conditions and permit the management of the constituent associa- tions to apply their time and attention to the needs of their several institutions, the Federation of Jewish Charities was organized in 1900. It is founded upon what is known as the Liverpool system, the purpose of which is the collection of regular yearly contributions and devoting its income to the support and assistance of local charitable institutions. It alone collects subscriptions as well as dues for the beneficiary societies, so that there is one central organization providing funds for the carrying on of the work. 21 By the laws of the Federation it was provided that none of the beneficiary associations should be permitted to collect any membership dues, give any balls, bazars, fairs, excursions, picnics or theatrical benefits, or solicit money or contributions, other than permanent endowments or legacies, from members of the Federation. The organization of this society was commenced by Messrs. Max Herzberg and Louis Wolf. During this year the Hebrew Charity Ball, which for forty-five years was an im- portant factor in contributing support to the Jewish Charities, was abandoned in so far as it had theretofore been conducted for their benefit. It was found, however, that, with all the efforts of the Federa- tion, enough could not be secured to meet the expenditures. In 1901, therefore, the Legislative and Executive Departments of this State appropriated $10,000 for maintenance for two years, and since then regular appropriations have been made, by reason of which much aid has been given which otherwise would have been denied. Originally, institutional treatment was considered as only fitting for the poor; but time has demonstrated that, with the facilities of modern hospitals, permanent restoration to health is more readily secured and the treatment there received more conducive to the return to normal conditions. We have, there- fore, of late witnessed the establishment of institutions for the care of the sick, other than those applying for charitable treat- ment. It was but natural for the progressive management of the Association's affairs to meet this demand, using it, at the same time, as a means of extending their aid to the deserving poor. On November 18, 1901, the late Meyer Guggenheim addressed a communication to the Hon. Mayer Sulzberger, informing him that his attention had been called to the annual deficit in the finances of the Jewish Hospital, and stating his behef that if a private hospital was built, a sufficient income might be secured to largely overcome this deficit. He, therefore, signified his willingness to donate a sum not exceeding $60,000 (subsequently increased to $80,000) for the erection of a private hospital, to be known as the Meyer Guggenheim Private Hospital. This munificent offer was gratefully accepted and a Building Com- mittee at once appointed. The corner-stone was laid Sunday, June I, 1902, and the building was dedicated October 4, 1903. 22 It is operated as a pay hospital and is planned without wards, the bedrooms being connected with bathrooms en suite. It is red terra-cotta and brick, with stone basement. The main front is on Thirteenth Street, the southern end being connected with the Hospital building by a new entrance hall. It has a breadth on Thirteenth Street of 145 feet and a width of 34 feet. It is broken by a series of pilasters, which extend over two stories, having Ionic capitals. There is an attic story above the main cornice, and the center pavilion is crowned with a pediment. The building is also entered from the south opposite the Home building. On the first floor are the resident physicians', recep- tion and bedrooms. A main corridor runs the entire length of the building, from the sun-parlor on the south to the fire-escape on the north. The building is four stories in height, with a cellar, and a loft over the center pavilion, from which the roof -gardens over the wings are reached. The plans of each floor are similar, having a diet-kitchen, sun-parlor and groups of private and general bath and toilet- rooms. The floors are reached by an elevator and by a stairway of iron and marble. The vestibule, entrance hall, corridors and staircases are wainscoted with white marble, and the floors are of mosaic marble. The building is heated with steam, modern plumbing is used throughout, and in addition to the toilet and bathrooms on each floor, there is in the basement a needle, vapor and sitz bath, as well as a large room for hydro-therapeutic treatment. The building is built to accommodate 42 patients, and cost, with furnishings, $91,344.82. It has been a source of much good to the community, both by the direct aid to pay patients, as well as indirectly to the poor. The construction of the Henry S. Frank Memorial Synagogue, the Loeb Operating Building and the Guggenheim Wing for Pay Patients brought in its wake many needed improvements. The old frame building, which had first been used for an Old Folks' Home, was demolished ; the old Synagogue was converted into two surgical wards of three beds each, divided by a wide cor- ridor connecting with the operating room; the Isaac Leeser Memorial Window was placed in the meeting-room of the Board of Officers; two children's wards were fitted up between the Hos- pital building and the Meyer Guggenheim Private Hospital. They both have a southern exposure, and are capable of re- ceiving sixteen beds for children. One has been designated as 23 the "Henry M. Phillips Ward." It is 13 feet 9 inches by 27 feet 4 inches, and was endowed by the bequest of Emily Phillips; the other is the "Simon Muhr Ward," endowed by the liberal gifts from the estate of that eminent citizen. It is 19 feet 6 inches by 17 feet 6 inches. New roads were constructed, and the entrance to the grounds removed from Clarkson Avenue to a point about 150 feet north, at which were erected six white granite columns, previously used as part of the U. S. Mint on Chestnut Street below Broad Street. The entrance to the Hospital was also changed to the southwest side of the Hospital building, almost directly north of the entrance to the Home building, and east of the line of Thirteenth Street. A serious drawback in connection with the training of the nurses was the lack of proper accommodations for their comfort. Their quarters were small and ill-arranged, and it was felt that when women perform the severe work necessary to the proper discharge of their duties, they should, when off duty, have reasonable comfort and conveniences and be removed from the atmosphere of the Hospital. It was also deemed advisable to arrange for the proper care of persons who might, while in- mates of the Hospital, develop contagious diseases, and that they might be properly provided for at some place without peril of infection to the other inmates. By reason of the Hospital being a part of the Federation, it was not deemed wise to urge appropriation for these highly necessary purposes, and the President, in his report to the thirty-seventh annual meeting, held May 29, 1902, called the attention of the members to these urgent requirements, stating that it was necessary to either "rely on the generosity of philanthropic friends or alternatively await the development and further extension of the Federation system." It was not long before both these appeals were answered. The attention of Mrs. Sarah Eisner was called to the con- dition of the nurses by her daughter, Mrs. Julius Sondheim, of the Ladies' Visiting Committee. On May 31, 1902, Mrs. Eisner advised the Board of Officers that she was prepared to donate a sum not exceeding $20,000 for the erection of a suitable building to be known as the "Eisner Home for Nurses." It was grate- fully accepted by the Board, the corner-stone was laid Sunday, October 26, 1902, and the building was completed March 6, 1903, and dedicated October 4, 1903. The site selected was east of 24 the Dispensary and northeast of the Luclen Moss Home, at the junction of Twelfth Street and Tabor Road. It is designed on the villa style, and is 33 feet wide and 66 feet long. The en- trance has a porch built of handsome stone arches upon the southern end, while on the northern end is a circular detached tower fire-escape. The structure is three stories with a base- ment; it is of gray Conshohocken stone in the lower story, the second story of red brick and the upper story of slated mansard roof. On the main floor are reception-room, parlor, sitting and bedroom, Chief Nurse's room, with bedrooms and bathrooms for nurses. The second and third floors contain bedrooms with baths. There is also a gymnasium in the basement and the building is heated with steam. The building will accommodate 35 nurses. The building for the care of persons who might become afflicted with contagious or infectious diseases while patients in the Hospital was erected through the beneficence of the Legis- lature of the State of Pennsylvania in appropriating, in 1903, the sum of $10,000. This building is situate on Clarkson Avenue, about 200 feet southeast of the Lucien Moss Home, and about 150 feet east of the stable. It is built of stone similar to the Hospital and Home buildings, is one and a half stories high, with six large rooms, necessary baths, toilets, kitchen, laundry, disinfecting rooms, apothecary's room, linen closet, bed and bathrooms for doctors and nurses. The Association was likewise aided in its labors by the appro- priation, in 1907, of $5,000 by the State of Pennsylvania for the erection of a Morgue and Laboratory. It is one story in height, is constructed of stone, on the line of Clarkson Avenue, west of the Isolation Building, and was completed at a cost of $6,687.55. On February 6, 1907, Mrs. Louis Fleisher signified to the Board of Officers her desire to perpetuate the memory of her sister. Dr. Rebecca Fleisher, by erecting solariums for the use of patients. They were built at the eastern end of the Hospital building and connected therewith. By this addition, the con- valescent ward patients are furnished suitable sitting-rooms and sun-parlors in which they spend much of their time. The solarium was opened to patients October 13, 1907. Conflagrations are, ordinarily, the means of much loss and distress. In a hospital they may be attended with dire conse- quences. The records of the Association show only two fires, 25 one on November 12, 1875, about 8 p.m., in the northwestern portion of the building, then used as the female department of the Home. Furniture was damaged in the sum of $100, and the building $322.92. The money realized from insurance was spent in installation of steam heating. The other occurred on September 29, 1890, in the Dispensary, and was caused by spon- taneous combustion. The damage was trifling. Notwithstanding this record, however, in view of the many additions to the build- ings and the erection of so many new buildings, the Board of Officers deemed it imperative to provide some adequate system of fire protection. Therefore, an independent 12-inch main was put in, extending from York Road to the pump house, connected with a fire-pump having a capacity of 750 gallons per minute; 12 outside fire-plugs, fire station on each floor of the main build- ings, sufficient hose to reach every point, axes, chemical extin- guishers and other necessary appliances were installed in 1907. A large fire-pump house is centrally located in the group of buildings. It is built of stone, and was constructed so as to provide against the danger of being crushed by falling walls. Besides the fire-pump, it contains a 40-gallon chemical engine, hose-cart, 600 feet of hose, extension ladders and other fire- extinguishing appliances. The entire cost was $12,287.29. The liberal donation, in 1907, by Mr. Felix Isman of a tri- angular tract, containing about one-half an acre of ground, at the northwest corner of Clarkson Avenue and Tenth Street, enabled the Association to square its property at that point. The latest addition to the beautiful group of buildings be- longing to the Jewish Hospital Association is the structure known as "The Pennsylvania Building." It is used as a Surgical Ward and Nurses' Home. It was erected through an appro- priation of $30,000, made by the State of Pennsylvania. The building was started on the sixth day of March, 1908, the corner- stone was laid with Masonic ceremonies on the second day of June, 1908, and was opened, completely furnished, on Thanks- giving day, November 26, 1908. The expense of the purchase of the furniture was borne by the Board of Officers and the Women's Auxiliary Committee. The building is directly north of the Lucien Moss Home, to the east of the Dispensary, and is close upon Tabor Road. Its architecture is in the style of the English Renaissance; the first story is of local gray stone rubble, the second and third stories are of brick. The roof is of slate. 26 The inside area is 35 feet by 71 feet. The first floor is occupied as a surgical ward; is 31 feet 8 inches by 28 feet 10 inches. The remainder of the floor, as well as the basement (which is entirely out of ground), is devoted to surgical bedrooms and bathrooms. At the northeast corner of the building is the fire-tower. The second and third floors are devoted to bedrooms, eleven in num- ber on each floor, together with necessary baths, arranged on either side of a central corridor, which runs the entire length of the building. It is electrically wired and is provided with steam heat. From time to time changes were made in the management of the affairs of the Association. On January 31, 1889, provision was made for the election, by the Board of Officers, of fifteen ladies, whose term of office should be three years; at the twenty- fifth annual meeting, held January 12, 1890, a class of members was formed, who, being willing to contribute $100 annually, were termed "Friends." This provision became a part of the Constitution by amendment adopted at the annual meeting, held May 28, 1893, at which time a class of members was pro- vided for who paid $10 annually, and who were known as Con- tributors to the Incurable Ward. At the twenty-sixth annual meeting, held January 11, 1891, a general committee of thirty-six, to be appointed by the Presi- dent, none of whom, however, were to be members of the Board of Officers, was formed, whose duty it was to visit the Hospital and Home during such months as might be assigned to them, and make a report to the President and the Board of Officers. This was subsequently placed upon the Board of Officers. At the same meeting, the end of the fiscal year was changed from December 31st to the last Sunday in May in each year, and provision made that the annual meetings, which theretofore had been held at Handel and Haydn Hall, Eighth and Spring Garden Streets, at the M ercantile Hall, and at the rooms of the Young Men's Hebrew Association, should be held at the Hospital. On April 9, 1894, provision was made for the designation as Honorary Directors of those who had served ten years or more (amended May 28, 1905, to make the term of service 15 years), and for a more speedy method of amending the Constitution. On November 5, 1893, there was formed an Auxiliary Aid Society, to assist in the financial support of the Association. At the thirty-fourth annual meeting of the Association, held May 28, 27 1899. the benefits of the Home for the Aged were extended to those residing in the City of Philadelphia or its immediate vicinity, and the provisions of the Constitution of Pennsylvania were accepted. Three Vice-Presidents were provided for by amendments adopted May 31, 1903, and Honorary Membership conferred upon members of the Ladies' Visiting Committee who served for more than twenty successive years. No history of the Association would be complete without at least the mention of the names of those who, by their untiring efTorts, have brought it to its present high position. A list of officers, etc., is hereto attached. How nobly they have labored is attested by those well-equipped buildings that have been reared, and by a continuous record of forty-three years' service in the cause of humanity. Many of them have joined the "great majority," but they have left for the present and future genera- tions an institution firmly established in the hearts of an appre- ciative community, fully equipped to help the distressed and afflicted. "A wise God shrouds the future in obscure darkness;" but the citizens of this State may confidently gauge their antici- pations by past records. The Jewish Hospital Association will, by the continued application of the broad principles which have in the past guided its management, not only continue to alleviate suffering and care for the poor and afflicted in their declining days, but it will also be one of the most important causes which will eventually unite mankind into one brotherhood. "For He who gave this vast machine to roll. Breathed life in them, in us a reasoning soul. That kindred feelings might our state improve, And mutual wants conduct to mutual love." 28 PRESIDENTS. Alfred T. Jones 1865-1871 Abraham S. Wolf 1871-1878 WlLLL\M B. HaCKENBURG 1878- VI CE-PRESI DENTS. Isadore Binswanger 1865-1869 Abraham S, Wolf 1869-1871 Abraham Goldsmith 1871-1891 Simon Muhr 1891-1895 Hon. Mayer Sulzberger 1895- SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT. Isidore Langsdorf 1904- THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT. Benjamin Wolf 1904- TREASURERS. S. Weil 1865-1869 William B. Hackenburg 1869-1878 Marx B. Loeb 1878-1880 August B. Loeb 1880- SECRETARIES. Mayer Sulzberger 1865-1869 Henry J. Hunt 1869-1875 Joseph L. Berg 1875-1880 Simon A. Stern 1880-1894 Ephraim Lederer. 1894-1902 Henry N. Wessel 1902- corresponding secretaries. Henry J. Hunt 1865-1869 S. Hecht 1869 -1875 Simon Pfaelzer 1875-1890 Jacob Wiener 1890-1891 Herman Jonas 1891-1902 Arthur A. Fleisher 1902- MESSENGER. Alexander Goodman 1865-1875 29 RESIDENT PHYSICIANS. Dr. a. Feldstein 1865-1876 Dr. George S. Kemble 1876-1878 Dr. Aloys Schappringer 1 878-1 883 Dr. Jos. B. Potsdamer 1883-1884 Dr. Morris S. Cohen 1884-1888 Dr. Bernard R. Lee 1888-1889 Dr. Jacob S. Pragheimer 1 889-1 890 Dr. William H. Teller 1890-1893 Dr. Jay C. Knipe 1 893-1897 Dr. Edwin A. Jarecki 1897- STEWARDS. S. W. Kronheimer 1866-1875 Moses E. Cohen 1875-1876 Moses Klein 1890- 1891 SUPERINTENDENT AND RESIDENT PHYSICIAN. Dr. a. Feldstein 1873 -1876 SUPERINTENDENTS. Moses E. Cohen 1876-1877 Max Thalheimer 1877-1890 Esther A. Davidson 1890-1892 Edward Gruner 1892-1896 Selig Rosenbluth 1896-1904 Berthold Hevessy 1904- MATRONS. Mrs. S. W. Kronheimer 1 866-1875 Mrs. Moses E. Cohen 1875-1877 Mrs. Max Thalheimer 1877-1890 Mrs. Edward Gruner 1893-1895 Dr. Anna S. Rosenbluth 1 896-1904 Mrs. Otillie Hevessy 1904- CHIEF NURSES. Miss Douglass Benson 1894-1897 Miss Elizabeth Hanson 1897-1901 Miss Anna Maybee Until August i, 1901 30 Miss Fannie Ochser. .August i, 1901, to July i, 1902 Miss Carrie S. Louer Sept i, 1Q02-1905 Miss Margaret P. Pridham 1905- MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS other than president, vice-president, treasurer, secre- tary and corresponding secretary, who are ex-officio members of the board, Alexander, S 1866-1872 Arnold, Hezekiah 1866-1869 Arnold, Simon W 1871-1875 Bayersdorfer, M. M 1866-1869 Blumenthal, Herman B 1887-1905 Bamberger, Maurice 1 897-1902 Blum, Gabriel 1904- Bamberger, Max 1905- Einstein, Jos 1866-1873 EzEKiEL, Simon 1866-1869 Ellis, Joseph D 1869-1870 Ephraim, Jules E 1869-1877 Frechie, Abm. M 1870-1871 Friedman, Herman S 1875-1878 Frank, Henry S 1880-1890 Fleisher, Simon B 1885- Fernberger, Henry 1897- GoLDSMiTH, Abm 1869-1871 Gans, Solomon 1869-1896 Gerstley, Louis 1894-1897 and 1903- Greenwald, Joseph L 1895- Ginsburg, Hyman 1901-1904 Gimbel, Benedict 1905-1907 Gimbel, Isaac 1907- Hecht, Samuel 1866-1869 Hackenburg, Wm. B 1866-1869 Hirsch, Michael C 1878-1881 Isaacs, Judah 1866-1880 Jones, Alfred T 1872-1884 Kaufman, Jacob 1875-1882 KoHN, Isaac 1878-1885 KoHN, Simon 1 1887- 31 KoHN, Arnold 1891-1896 KoHN, Abram M 1896- KiRSHBAUM, David 1897- 1903 Kind, Frank 1905- Leeser, Rev. Isaac 1866-1868 Levy, Judah 1869-1870 LoEB, Marx B 1873-1878 Lighten, Aaron 1878-1898 LiVERiGHT, Max 1884- Langsdorf, Isidore 1896-1904 Lit, Samuel D 1899- Lederer, Ephraim 1902- LoEB, Oscar D 1905- Moss, LuciEN 1869-1878, 1880-1895 Massman, Alfred E 1877-1886 MuHR, Simon 1881-1891 Rosenbach, M 1869-1880 RosENBAUM, Joseph 1871-1873 RosENBAUM, Morris 1899- Sulzberger, Mayer 1869- SULZBERGER, AbM I873-1887 Saller, Louis 1882-1891 Strouse, Nathan 1886-1887 Stern, Simon A 1894-1904 Steinbach, Dr. L. W 1895- Stern, Edward 1904- Snellenburg, Joseph N 1904- Thalheimer, M 1866-1875 Wolf, Abraham S 1866-1869 Wolf, Abraham 1870-1897 Wolf, Edward 1890-1897 Wiener, Jacob 1891- WoLF, Benjamin 1894- WisE, August 1894- WOMEN'S AUXILIARY COMMITTEE. Adler, Mrs. S 1870-1875 Arnold, Mrs. Hezekiah W 1 893-1 894 Binswanger, Mrs. Isidore 1 876-1 889 Berg, Mrs. Leon 1879-1880 32 Bamberger, Mrs. Max 1889-1907 Bacharach, Mrs. Augustus 1 891-1894 Dannenbaum, Mrs. Henrietta 1889- EiNSTEiN, Mrs. J 1870-1876 Engel, Mrs. Jacob M 1894-1898 Feustman, Mrs. B. H 1875-1882 Frank, Mrs. Rose 1878- FrIedman, Mrs. Herman S 1889-1891 Fleisher, Dr. Rebecca 1 889-1 891 Fleisher, Mrs. Moyer 1899- GoLDSMiTH, Mrs. P 1870-1876 Gimbel, Mrs. Isaac 1899- Gerstley, Mrs. Louis 1907- Hano, Mrs. Simon 1876-1881 Hackenburg, Mrs. Wm. B 1881- Hyman, Mrs. Adolph 1894-1895 Isaacs, Mrs. J 1870-1880 Jonas, Miss Frieda 1903- Kahn, Mrs. Abm. 1870-1873 Kaufman, Mrs. C 1875-1900 Langsdorf, Mrs. J 1870-1876 Levy, Miss Amanda O 1882-1885 LoEB, Mrs. Jacob 1889-1899 Liveright, Mrs. Simon 1889- Mayer, Mrs. C 1870-1875 Moyer, Mrs. M 1870-1874 Moss, Mrs. Lucien, 1873-1878, 1880-1883, 1885-1890 Mayer, Mrs. Levi 1875-1899 Marschuetz, Mrs. Joseph 1890- Muhr, Mrs. Fannie 1896- Newhouse, Mrs. Frank 1891-1893 Pollock, Mrs. Louis 1877-1878 Pfaelzer, Mrs. Morris 1882- Rubin, Mrs. Jos. H 1900- Stern, Mrs. Marcus 1878-1882 Saller, Mrs. Isaac 1880-1906 Saller, Mrs. Louis 1883- Selig, Mrs. Bernard 1889- Sulzberger, Miss Fannie 1 895-1 896 SoNDHEiM, Mrs. Julius 1899- Wolf, Mrs. A. S 1870-1879 ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE HISTORY OF THE HOSPITAL ALFRED T. JONES President 1865 — 1871 ABRAHAM S. WOLF President 1871 — 1878 MRS ABRAHAM ADLER '.^. < J3 WILLIAM B. HACKENBURG President 1S78 — 2 Q < Q U O < O U, W O X w LUCIEN MOSS MRS. SARAH EISNER MEYER GUGGENHEIM Z '6 Z; s o • = y; _ HON. EDWIN S. STUART Governor of Pennsylvania 1907 — 1911 < > >■ < o U c^ .— ( •"* f »^ ^ ^ f^ "^ ^ rt 'SI _> < g , , D-, w ^ o O . > ^ _1 en -1^ ^ W i w c- u H o o 1— ,