vm iViSri^' •'.:!!:' «.!i ;m:''«i>'""T"' T-K^ \ % 7:,... ; ■';i' 'I'l'K ' I'd "' 'fi'"" ""■111. III u ■( 1. '"■•!!! •'It' ... '^-^}f■ "'■ .iiii '■ '1 ■ \\" •ir III! 'U )'•■ , . '-'ill ivr ■■■" '!• 'IIII , (. "%/a "li'tlH^ 1 ))' Columbia 23nit)er)8(itj) THE LIBRARIES iii ' ■ •■iV.,' ,1 Mij' ■ '- iijt , ,■ ' 'i ■ -. '■ ' ■'' ■;'!• ' ,'•!■.. "iiii ,:: V HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN INDIANA. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOLUME I. ILLUSTRATED^ Edited and Compiled by Col. Charles Blanciiard. LOGANSPORT. IXD. A. W. BOWEN & CO. 1898. FROM THE PRESS OF WILSON, HUMPHREYS & CO., FOURTH ST., LOGANSPORT, IND. PRBFACE. HE Publishers offer this history of the CathoHc Church in Indiana, two volumes, to the public, but especially to the Catholics of the state, conscious that while it may not prove to be all that might have been expected, it is never- theless meritorious in that through much labor and research a degree of completeness and exactness has been attained. Nothing of great importance has been overlooked or minimized nor has any considerable number of lesser matters been either neglected or exaggerated. Facts and events are eloquent even when simply narrated, and they are argumentative, too, when pre- sented in the relation of cause and effect. As. set forth in this history they tell of a Providence that directs the affairs of the church and bids Christians hope for the increase of the kingdom of God on earth. Being connected even as instruments in the furtherance of these things — -a great distinction when properly considered — may we not indulge the hope also that our labors may meet with the approval and receive the substantial support of those in whose interests they have been performed ? The history proper was prepared by Mr. M. W. Carr, of Indianapolis, and Rev. Bonaventure Hammer, of LaFayette, ably assisted by Very Rev. Chancellor Denis O'Donaghue, rector of St. Patrick's church. Indianapolis. The parochial sketches, mentions (iil) PREFACE. of educational institutions and biographies were written by others, prominent among whom we may mention Prof. James F. Edwards, of the university of Notre Dame, Rev. H. Meissner, of the church of St. Charles Borromeo, Peru, and the \'ery Rev. M. E. Campion, of the church of St. Vincent de Paul, Logansport. We also acknowledge our indebtedness for valuable assistance to the clergy of the state, and especially to the right reverend bishops of Indianapolis and Ft. Wayne, whose generous letters of approval and commendation are here appended. A. W. BOWEX lS: Co., Logansport, December, 1898. Publishers. LETTERS OF APPROVAL AND COMMENDATION BV RKiHT REV. BISHOPS CHATARD AND RADEMACHER. A. W. BOWEN & Co. Dear Sirs:— Having been informed that you contemplate publishing a history of the Catholic Church in Indiana, and on a plan which promises to be of value, from exact statistical information from authentic sources, I hereby express my best wishes for your success. Yours faithfully, t F. S. CHATARD, Indianapolis, P'ebruary 18, 18!'7. Bih/iop of Vincennes. A. \V. BowEN & Co. Dear Sirs: — * * * I, therefore, take pleasure in giving my cordial approbation to your project, and in recommending it to the liberal patronage of our people. With sentiments of sincere esteem, Yours respectfully, t JOS. RADEMACHER, Ft. Wayne, July 23, 1897. Bishop of Fort Wayne. (iv) OOIMTTH^NT^S— VOI^. I PAGES Chapter I.— Preliminary Reflections — St. Brendan, an Irish Monk, the First Discoverer ot America — The Country Cathohc by Discovery — Exploration and Christianization 21-30 Chapter II.— Obstacles to the Spread of Catholicity in the United States — British Penal Laws follow Catholics to America — Catholics vs. Pro- testants for Liberty of Conscience 31-41 Chapter III.— Early Pastors— Papal Bull Creating the Diocese of V'in- cennes — Consecration and Installation of Bishop Brute — His First Pastoral Letter 42-60 Chapter VI. — Administration of Bishop de la Hailandiere, Second Bishop of Vincennes — The First Diocesan Synod — The Bishop's Resignation — His Death — Bishop Bazin's Short Reign 61-74 Chapter V.— Right Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, Fourth Bishop of \'in- cennes — State of the Diocese in 1849 — The Bishop's Labors and their Rich Rewards — His Death and Characteristics 75-90 Chapter VI.— Right Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, Fifth Bishop of Vincennes — His Consecration, Reception and Installation — Twenty years of Progress — Diocese of Indianapolis 93-105 Chapter Vll.—Sketch of Right Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, Fifth Bishop of the Diocese of Vincennes, now the Diocese of Indianapolis — His First Pastoral Letter Sent from Rome 106-115 Chapter VIII. — Extracts from Bishop Chatard's Lectures on Very Impor- tant Subjects which will be found both Instructive and Edifying for both Catholics and non-Catholics 116-131 Chapter IX.— Diocese of Fort Wayne— Early Times— Fathers Claude Allouez, Adrian Grelon, Lewis Hennepin — LaSalle, the Explorer — Father Stephen Theodore Badin — The Diocese of Bardstown, Ky., etc 132-150 Chapter X.— The Deceased Bishops — John Henry Luers — His Life and Services — Joseph Dwenger and his Long Administration 151-178 (7) CONTENTS — VOL. I. PAGfiS Chapter XI. — The present Bishop of Fort Wayne — The Right Rev. Bishop Rademacher, D. D. — His Admirable Administration 181-189 Chapter XII.— The Deceased Vicars-General of Fort Wayne Diocese — Julian Benoit— Joseph Henry Brammer 190-217 Chapter XIII. — The Catholic Churches in the .State of Indiana — The Priests in Charge and their Congregations — Historical and Statistical Facts 218 481 Chapter XIV. — Bishop Brute, the Father of Free-school Education in Indiana — Catholic Education and Parochial Schools 482-535 Chapter XV. — The Higher Order of Catholic Educational Institutions of Indiana — Academies, Colleges, Universities, etc 536-581 Chapter XVI. — Monasteries, Convents and other Catholic religious houses in the State of Indiana 582-604 Chapter XVII.^Catholic Charities — Hospitals,Orphanages and other elee- mosynary Institutions in the State 605-615 Chapter XVII (continued). — Catholic Sodalities and Fraternal Organiza- tions — Ancient Order of Hibernians — Catholic Knights of America — American Sons of Columbus — Catholic Benevolent Legion — Young Men's Institute 616-652 Chapter XVIII. — The Spanish Inquisition not a Church Institution but a State Court — Falsehoods and Misrepresentations Published by so-called Historians 652-673 Chapter XIX. — Retrospect, Summary andConclusion — The Spiritual, Edu- cational and Material Progress of the Catholic Church in the State of Indiana 674-680 (vi) i]mob:?c— voi^. I Allouez, Father Claude. . 132-135-137 Annalists. The 25 Radin, Rev. S. T., Biography.. . . 143 Badin, Death of Father 148 Balboa, Discoverer of the Pacific Ocean 30 Bazin, Administration of Bishop Johns 70 Bazin, Biography of Bishop John S. 73 Bazin, Consecration of Bishop John S 68 Benoit, Biography of Right Rev. Julian, V. G \ 190 Benoit, Builder of Fort Wayne Cathedral 196 Benoit, Confirmed Vicar-General 197 Benoit, Death of Vicar-General.. 201 Benoit, Early Labors of Father. . 193 Benoit, Eulogy by Bishop Dwen- ger 204 Benoit, Indians' Affection for. . . . 195 Benoit, Investiture of Father. . . . 198 Bessonies, Very Rev. Aug., Ad- dress of Welcome to Bishop Chatard by 96 Bessonies, Very Rev. Aug., Ap- pointed Administrator of the Diocese of Vincennes 80 Bessonies, Right Rev. Mgr., Ap- pointed Domestic Prelate to the Pope 104 Bessonies, Aug. Golden Jubilee of 105 Brammer, Biography of Very Rev. Joseph H 212 Brammer, Death of 217 Brammer, Founder of St. Vincent de Paul Society at Fort Wayne 216 Brammer's Personal Characteris- tics 215 Brandon Hill, Ireland, the See founded by St. Brendan 28 Brendan, Saint, Discoverer of America 21 Brut^, Appointment of Bishop . . . 142 Brute, Biography of 59 Brutii, Death and Burial of Bish- op 59 Brute's Educational Enterprises. 58 Brute's F^irst Pastoral Letter 51 Brute's First Pontifical Mass at Vincennes 55 Brute's Travel of Inspection through Half his Diocese 56 Carroll, Bishop, Thoughts on Re- ligious Enfranchisement 85 Cartier and Champlain, P^rench Explorers of Canada 30 Cathedral, Erection of the Fort Wayne 161 Catholic Churches of Indiana... 218 Anderson township, Perry coun- ty—St. Mark's 218 Albion, Noble county — Sacred Heart 218 Anderson, Madison county — St. Mary's 219 Auburn, De Kalb county — Im- maculate Conception 220 Aurora, Dearborn county — Im- maculate Conception 221 Avilla, Noble county — Assump- tion of the B. V. M 228 Barr township, Daviess county -St. Mary's 224 Batesville, Ripley county— St. Louis' 225 Besancon, Allen county — St. Louis' 225 Bloomington, Monroe county — St. Charles Borromeo 226 Bradford, Harrison county — St. Michael's 227 Brazil, Clay county — Annunci- ation 229 Bremen, Marshall county — St. Dominic's 230 Brightwood, M.irion coun'y — • St. Francis de Sales' 230 Brookville, Franklin county — St. Michael's 232 (vii) INDEX — VOL. I. Brownsbur^, Hendricks county — St. Malachy's 266 Cambridtre City, Wayne coun- ty -St. Elizabeth's 233 Cannelton, Perry county— St. Michael's -^'^ Cedar Grove, P>anklin county —Holy Guardian Angels'. 236 Celestine, Dubois county— St. Peter's Ccelestin 237 Columbus, Bartholomew coun- ty—St. Bartholomew's 239 Connersville. Fayette county— St. Gabriel's 240 Covington, Fountain county— St. Joseph's 241 Crawfordsville, Montgomery county— St. Bernard's.... 242 Crown Point, Lake county— St. Mary's • •■. 242 Daviess county, Churches in. . 243 Decatur, Adams county— St. M ary 's 249 Dover, Dearborn county — St. John the Baptist's . . 251 Dubois county— St. Anthony's. 252 St. Henry's 253 Dyer, Lake county— St. Jo- seph's 254 Earl Park, Benton county— St. John the Baptist's 254 Ege, Noble county— Immacu- late Conception 254 Elkhart, PLlkhart county— St. Vincent de Paid 255 Elwood, Madison county— St. Joseph's 257 Enochsburg, Franklin county — St. John's 258 Evansville, Vanderburg coun- ty—Assumption 258 Holy Trinity 261 St. Marv's 264 St. Boniface's 265 Sacred Heart '^^68 St. Anthony's 270 Ferdinand, Dubois county— St. Ferdinand's 273 Floyd's Knobs, Floyd county —St. Mary's Assumption.. 274 Fort Wayne, Allen county- Immaculate Conception.. . 274 Mother of God 276 St. Paul's 279 St. Peter's 280 St. Patrick's 281 Frankfort, Clinton county— St. Mary's 282 Frenchtown, Harrison county —St. Bernard's 283 P'ulda, Spencer county— St. I^oniface's 284 Fulton county— St. Ann's 286 Garrett, De Kalb county— SS. Peter and Paul's 285 Goshen, Elkhart county— St. John's 287 Greenca.stle, Putnam county— St. Paul the Apostle 289 Greensburg, Decatur county— St. Mary's 291 Hamburg, Franklin county— St. Ann's 291 Hammond, Lake county— St. Joseph's 292 St. Casimer's (Polish) 292 Hanover Center, Lake county —St. Martin's 293 Hartford City, Blackford coun- ty — St. John the Evan- gelist's 294 Haubstadt,Gibson county— SS. Peter and Paul 295 Henryville, Dubois county— St. Francis Xavier 295 Hesse Cassel, Allen county— St. Joseph's 296 Hobart, Lake county— St. Brid- get's 296 Huntingburg, Dubois county- Visitation B. V. M 297 Huntington, Huntington coun- ty— St. Mary's 298 SS. Peter and Paul's 300 Indianapolis, Marion county- Assumption 303 St. Anthony's 303 St. Bridget's 304 Sacred Heart of Jesus 305 St. John's 313 St. Joseph's 315 St Mary's 317 St. Patrick's 320 Ireland, Dubois county— St. Mary's 321 Jasper, Dubois county— St. Jo- seph's 322 Jeffersonville, Clark county— St. Anthony's 324 St. Augustine's ._ 326 Jennings county — St. Ann's. . . 329 Kendallville, Noble county- Immaculate Conception.. 331 Kentland, Newton county— St. Joseph's 331 Klaasville, Lake county— St. Anthony de Padua 332 Knox county— St. Rose 333 St. Thomas 333 (viii) INDEX — VOL I. Kokomn, Howard county— St. ratrick's 334 LaFayette, Tippecanoe county —St. Mary's 83fi St. Boniface's 339 St. Ann's 343 St. Lawrence's 346 LaGro, Wabash county — St. Patrick's 347 Laporte, Laporte county— St Joseph's 349 St. Peter's 349 Laud (Nix Settlement), Wit- ley county — St. Catherine's 350 Lawrenceburg, Dearborn coun- ty — St. Lawrence's 351 Lebanon, Boone county — St. Jochim's 354 Leopold, Perry county— St. Augustine's 355 Legonier, Noble county — St. Patrick's 355 Logansport, Cass county — St. Vincent de Paul 356 St. Joseph's 358 St. Bridget's 360 Loogootee, Martin county — St. John's 361 Lowell, Lake county — Lowell Parish 364 Madison, Jefferson county — St. Mary's 364 St. Michael's 366 Maria Hill, Spencer county — Help of Christian's 369 Marion, Grant county — St. Paul's 407 Martin county — St. Joseph's... 370 St. Martin's 371 Millersburg, Elkhart county — St. Henry's 373 Millhousen, Decatur county — Immaculate Conception. .. 373 Mishawaka, St. Joseph county —St. Joseph's 374 Monroeviile, Allen county — St. Rose of Lima 375 Montgomery, Daviess county — St. Peter's 376 Monterey, Pulaski county — St. Ann's 380 Morris, Ripley county— St. An- thony's 380 Mount Pleasant, Martin county —Haw Creek 382 Mt. Vernon, Posey county — St. Matthew's 383 Muncie, Delaware county — St. Lawrence's 384 Napoleon, Ripley county— St. Maurice's ,386 Navilleton, Floyd county St. Mary's 387 New Albany, Floyd county — Holy Trinity 389 Church of the Annunciation 390 New Alsace, Dearborn county —St. Paul's 392 New Haven, Allen county — St. John the Baptist's 393 Nix Settlement, Whitley coun- ty—St. Catherine's 350 North Madison,Jefferson coun- ty— St. Patrick's ,393 North Vernon, Jennings coun- ty -St. Mary's 394 Obertsville,Gibson county— St. Bernard's 395 Oxford, Benton county -St. Pat- rick's 396 Peru, Miami county-St.Charles Borromeo 397 Plymouth, Marshall county — St. Michael's 402 Portland, Jay county — Immac- ulate Conception 405 Prescott, Shelby county— St. Vincent's 408 Remington,Jasper county — St. John's the Evangelist 409 Rensselaer, Jasper county — St. Augustine's 410 Reynolds, White county — St. Joseph's 411 Richland township, Benton county— St. Ann's 414 St. Mary's 415 Ripley county— St Magda- line's \... 416 Rockville, Park county— St. Joseph's 417 Rome City, Noble county— St. Peter's 419 Rushville,Rush county — Mary Immaculate 419 St. John, Lake county— St. John the Evangelist 420 St. Joseph's Hill, Clark county — St. Joseph's 421 St. Leon, Dearborn county — St. Joseph's 422 St. Maurice, Decatur county — St. Maurice's 372 St. Peter's, Franklin county — St. Peter's 423 St. Vincent de Paul, Allen county 424 St. Wendell, Posey county — St. Wendel's 425 (ix) INDEX — VOL. I. Schererville, Lake county— St. Michael's 427 Schnellville, Dubois county- Sacred Heart 427 Seymour, Jackson county— St. Ambrose 428 Shelbyville.Shelby county— St. Joseph's 429 Sheldon, Allen county— St. Alovsius 431 Shoals, ' Martin county — St. Louis 432 South Bend, St. Joseph county —St. Joseph's 433 St. Patrick's 436 St. Mary's 437 St. Hedwig's 438 Tell City, Perry county— St. Paul's 439 Terre Haute, Vigo county— St. Joseph's 440 St. Benedict's 447 St. Ann's 453 St. Patrick's 455 Tipton, Tipton county— St. John the Baptist 457 Trov, Perry county— St. Pius. 459 Turkey Creek, Lake county— SS. Peter and Paul's 459 Union City, Randolph county —St. Mary's 460 Valparaiso, Porter county — St. Joseph's 462 Vanderburg county — St. Jo- seph's 462 Vigo county— St. Mary's of the Woods 464 Vincennes, Knox county— St. Francis Xavier 466 St. John the Baptist 470 Wabash, Wabash county- -St. Bernard's 471 Wanatah, Laporte county- Most Precious Blood 471 Warrick county— St. John's.. . . 472 Washington, Daviess county— St. Simon's 473 St. Mary's 476 Whiting, Lake county— Sacred Heart 477 Winamac, Pulaski county— St. Peter's 478 Yankeetown, Warrick county— St. Rupert's 479 Yorkville, Dearborn county — St. Martin's 480 Catholic, the Term 26 Catholic Toleration Act in Mary- land 32 Cauthorn's History of St. Fran- cis Xavier Cathedral, Vin- cennes 47 Charitable Institutions 605 St. Ann's Providence Orphan Asylum, Terre Haute.... 614 St. Anthony's Home for the Aged Poor 613 St. Elizabeth's Hospital, La Fayette 611 St. John's Hospital at Ander- son 605 St. Joseph's Hospital at Fort Wayne 605 St. Joseph's Hospital, Logans- port 614 St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, La Fayette 609 St. Vincent's Infirmary at In- dianapolis 608 St. Vincent's Orphanage at Fort Wayne 607 St. Vincent's Orphanage, Vin- cennes 615 Chatard, Address of Welcome to. 94 Chatard, Awards of Merit to 107 Chatard, Biography of 106 Chatard's Condemnation of Mixed Marriages 101 Chatard, Bishop Francis Silas' Consecration 93 Chatard's First Pastoral Letter. . 109 Chatard's First Sermon in Vin- cennes 98 Chatard's Installment 94 Chatard's Lecture on Early Chris- tianity 125 Chatard's Lecture on the Exist- ence of the Soul of Man 123 Chatard's Lecture on Tenure of Land and Eminent Domain. .. 116 Chatard's Personal Character- istics 108 Chatard's Response to the Ad- dress of Welcome at Vin- cennes 95 Chatard's Response to the Ad- dress of Very Rev. Aug. Bes- sonies 97 C^hegoimegon and Pointe du St. Esprit 132 ChineseDiscovery of America.. . 21 Christopher Columbus 26 Church Record, First in Indiana, 1749 47 Church, First Catholic on Lake Superior 133 Community of the Sacred Heart Indianapolis 589 (X) INDEX — VOL. T. Convent of the Franciscan Fathers ;it Olch^nhur^^ 596 Convent of the luiniacuhitc Con- ception at Ferdinand 586 Convent of St. Joseph at Tip- ton 601 Convent of the Sisters ol St. Francis at Oldenburg 596 Cortez, Founder of Mexico 30 Declaration of Independence brings Religious Liberty 34 De Soto, Discoverer of the Mis- sissippi river 30 Diocese of Fort Wayne— Early Times 132 Diocese of Indianaiiolis — Parish- es and Churches after the Ad- vent of Bishop Chatard 103 Diocese of Vincennes, Change of Name to that of Indianapolis. . 105 Diocese of \'incennes, Chicago's Separation from 67 Diocese of Vincennes, Condition when Bishop de St. Palais took Charge 75 Diocese of Vincennes, First Synod in the 165 Diocese of \'incennes, Papal Bull creating 50 Diocese of Vincennes, Progress of and Quietude in the, during Bishop Chatard's Ad- ministration 102 Diocese of Vincennes, Second Synod in the 100 Double Tax for Education 483 Dwenger, Rt. Rev. Joseph, Biog- raphy of 170 Dwenger, Death of Bishop 175 Dwenger's Trip to Europe 171 Educational Laws in Canada 484 Educational Institutions of the Higher Order 536 Holy Angels Academy, Lo- gansport 538 Jasper College, Dubois county 575 Notre Dame University 543 Our Lady of Loreto chapel, Notre Dame 568 St. Ignatius Academy, La Fay- ette 537 St, Joseph College, Rensselaer 570 St. Mary's Academy, Indian- apolis 536 St. Mary's Academy, Notre Dame 565 St. Mary's Academic Institute, Vigo county 577 St. Mary's of the Woods estab- lished 77 St.Mcinrad's College and Sem- inary, Sjiencer county 571 English Intolerance of Cathol- icism in America 39 English, Hon. William H.'s, Opinion as to the Treat- ment of the Patriot Priest of the West 45 Flaget, Rt. Rev., First Bishop of Kentucky 46 Free-school Education in In- diana 58 Free-school Education in In- diana founded by Bishop Brute 482 Gibault, the Patriot Priest of the West 43 Golden Jubilee of Pope LeoXlil 105 Grelcjn, Father A drian 137 Guendling, Rev. Charles B 610 Hailandiere, Bishop de la 62 Hailandiere, Biography of Bishop de la 69 Hailandiere, Death of Bishop dela 69 Hailandiere's Installment 165 Hailandiere, The Resignation of Bishop 69 Hennepin, Father Lewis 137 La Salle, Explorer of the Great Lakes 30 Lief Erickson, the Norseman's Discovery of America 22 Lord Baltimore and Religious Liberty in Maryland 31 Luers, Bishop J. H. and, his ad- ministration 151 Luers, Address of Bishop, relat- ing to the Orphan Asylum in Jasper county 167 Luers, Biography of Bishop 169 Luers, Consecration of Bishop.. . 156 Luers, Death of Bishop 169 Luers' visit to Cleveland 169 Luers, visits of Bishop, to Rome. 164 Mission, First on White river. . . 48 Monastery of the Poor Clares. . . 582 O'Brazil, the Enchanted Land of Beauty 24 Oddities of colonial legislation. ..32-38 O'Donaghue's Rev. Denis, ad- dress of welcome to Bishop Chatard 99 (xi) INDEX — VOL. I. O'Donaghue's (Rev. D.) facts and figures 104 Parishes, Original, Priests, and Missions of the old Diocese of Vincennes 61 Parochial schools alphabetically arranged according lo loca- tion 487-534 Parochial schools in the Diocese of Fort Wayne Parochial Schools in the Diocese of \'incennes (Indianapolis).. . Ponce de Leon and Florida Post (or fort) Vincennes — Its Early History 42 Priests, Jesuit, among the Indians along the rivers 48 Prominent Catholic officials in Revolutionary days 37 Proscription of Catholics in New York and other states Protestant Inconsistencies in Legislation Protestant Intoleration in Mary- land 580 579 30 33 38 32 Radamacher, Biography of Bishop, of Fort Wayne 181 Radamacher, Installation of, at Fort Wayne 182 Radamacher, Personality of . . .. 186 Radamacher, Sermon of Bishop (of Tenn.), at Bishop Dwenger's Obsequies 176 Retrospect and summary of the contents of this work 674 St. Brendan, the Irish Monk and Navigator, the First Discoverer of America St. Palais, Right Rev. Maurice, Appointed Fourth Bishop of Vin ennt'S St. Palais, Maurice de, Appointed vicar-general by Bishop Bazin St. Palais, Biography of Bishop 83- St. Palais Illness and Death of Bishop de St. Palais, Bishop de. Encourage- ment of Educational, and Eleemosynary Institutions. . . . St. Palais, Interment of the Mor- tal Remains of Bishop de St. Palais, Visits to Rome Sodalities and Fraternal Organ- izations American Sons of Columbus. .. Ancient Order of Hibernians. Catholic Benevolent Legion . . Catholic Knights of America. . Young Men's Institute Spanish Explorers and Priests. . Synods — the Third, Fourth and Fifth in Indiana Trading Posts, First Violation of the Spirit of the Declaration by Protestant State Governments 21- to 73 142 80 8 89 79 616 642 616 646 628 648 29 101 141 36 White Man, First in Indiana a Catholic Priest Washington's Detestation of Burninij the Pope's in Effi- gy- •■• .-.••• Weinzoepfel, Rev., Malicious Accusations against 67 47 37 ILLUSTRATIONS— VOL. I. Rt. Rev. John .S. Bazin, \'incennes '^^ Rt. Rev. Julian Benoit, Fort Wayne l^^l Rt. Rev. Simon Gabriel Brut^, Vincen es 53 Rt. Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, Indianapolis 92 Rt. Rev. Celestine De La Hailandiere, Vincennes 63 Rt. Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, D. D., Vincennes. 82 Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger, D. D., Fort Wayne 173 Rt. Rev. J. H. Luers, D. D., Fort Wayne 159 Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher, D. D., Fort Wayne 180 Very Rev. J. H. Brammer, Fort Wayne 213 Bishop's Residence, Fort Wayne. ......../ Between 188-189 Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Fort Wayne ) Church of the Immaculate Conception, Oldenburg. ( Between 596-601 Holy Family Church \ Immaculate Conception Convent, Ferdinand, facing 586 Jasper College, Jasper, facing 575 Library Hall, Fort Wayne, facing 216 St. Augustine's Academy, Fort Wayne, facing 499 (xii) ixniix— VOL. I. Interior St. Benedict's, Terre iiautc Hctween 442 447 St. Joseph's Hall, Indianaixjlis ;{J4 -^ir^ St. J()sc|)li s 1 lo.spital, Fori Wayne (\()4 St. Joseph's Parsonage, Indianapolis, between .','A4 ,31') St. Mary's, Decatur, facing 9^cj St. Mary's Academy, Notre Dame (one view in \'oi. II) ...... :^y) St. Mary's Chapel, Notre Dame \ ' ' ' ;,(;;{ St. Patrick's Church, Indianapolis ' ;^.^'(j I'niv ersity of Notre l)ame hio }>4\ IINLOEZX:— X^OI^. II Al)bink. B 84 Adams, j 47 Adelsperger, T.... 48 Adels|)erger, \V. J . 48 Ahaus, H 28 Ahern, J. F 20 Ahlering, H. M.... 1444 Alcrding, H '.iS Anderson, S 24 Arnold, S 25 Arvin, A 27 Arvin, J. P 28 Audran, E 33 Auer, R 36 Baehner, J 37 Baker, J 38 Baker, J. F 39 Baker, K 50 Barber, S 51 - Barnett, I. S 1401 Barrett, E. F 57 Barrett, J. F 56 Barrett, T. F 74 Bartholome, S 1453 Bath, M ,58 Bath, S 58 Bathe, J. H 1258 Bartoszek, VV ,M) Bauer, F. A 61 Bauer, |. 1 68 Bauer, j. T 60 Bayard, J. L 69 I^ayer, J, 70 Beach, M. Mrs 70 Beadell, H 71 Bechtel, H. J 72 Becker, F. C 73 Beckett, J. E 77 Beckmann, J. G. . . . 79 Beckmann, J. H 80-81 Bei.sel, J. I 81 Belledin, B 78 Benckhart, G. A 83 Benzinger, M 1402 Berens, C. J 89 Berens, P. J 90 Berg, J. B 91 Bessonies, A 45 Bey, A. VV 92 Bey, J 92 Bever, | <)4 Beyer, j.,Jr 94 Biederman, W. J... 1448 Biegel, B 95 Bilger, C. F 95 Birk, J 100 Blank, J in] Bleckmann, J 101 Bless, T. A 1167 Bloom, H. F.,Mrs.. 102 Blum, J. B 103 Bobilya, L. J 104 Bockting, H. H... Ill Bockting, S Ill Boeckelmann, H. A 112 Boersig, J. A 113 Boersig, J. H 1398 Bogeman, J. H 119 Bogeman, F. L 113 Bogemann, M. H. .. 114 Bohnert, E. A 120 Bonner, P 121 Book, J. W 62 Bookage, H 123 Boone, F 122 Bourgholtzer, ] 125 Bouvy, J. L..." 134 Bowen, P 131 Bower, G. P 133 Bradley, M. A. Mrs. 132 Bradley, J. R 135 Bradley, W 136 Brannon, J 141 Breen. J. N 1403 Breen, P 137 Breen, VV. P 142 Breger, M.W 143 Brehmer, C. A 144 Bremerkamp, H. H. 145 Brennan, [.A 151 Brennan, W. H 147 Brett, M. L 1,52 Brindley, H. F.... l.-)4 I'rockamp, (. H.T. . 1.55 Bnuieii, J.." l.")6-157 Broderick, T 1,58 Brokamp, H. J 161 Brouillette, P 162 Brown, VV. M 167 Brucker, \^ J 163 Brueggemann, B. H. 1298 Bruggner, D 168 Brunner, V 1399 Buchert, M 1H9 15u.hheit, A. M. ... 91 Buchner, A. I 174 Buckley,].." 175 Budenz, H 176 Bultman, H. H 177 Bultman, W 178 Burke. A 179 Burke, J 186 Burke, M. F 191 Burke, P. J 187 Burkholder, P. S... 188 Burns. J 193 Burns, M.J 199 Bush, A., Miss 201 .Bush, J., Miss 201 Butler, C. P 201 Bverlev, T. E. A. . . 206 Byrne, J. F 205 Byrne, M. J 207 Cahill, M 213 Cain, I.I) 218 Calhan, J 214 Callahan, C 216 Callahan, M 217-225 Callahan, T. E 219 Calvelage, A. H 226 Campbell, F 228 Campbell, J. J 1312 Campbell, J. M . . .. 227 Campbell, T. H.... 228 Campion, M. E 62 Caney, M 229 Cangany, P 235 Cannon, F 243 Cantwell, E.J 236 .(xiii) IXDIIX VOL. II. Cargett, 1., Mrs.... 237 Carlon, j. M 249 Carney, W 250 Carr, J.T 251 Carr, J. ¥. 253 Carr, M 255 Carr. M. \V 1397 Carroll, I 252 Carroll, "T. P 261 Carson, \V 275 Carton, W. T 262 Casev, T. P' 263 Cauthorn, H. S . . . 99 Cavanaugh. T. 1 . . . 276 Chartrand, J ..'.... 268 Cheseldine, A.,Mrs. 269 Chomel, A 277 Clark, C. S 278 Clark, I. L 281 Clark, yi. I 279 Clarke, G.' E 288 Clarke, A 280 Cleary, M. D 294 Coffee, D. D 357 Cogan, W. I 366 Colbert, D." J 356 Coleman, P 359 Colerick Familv... 299 Coll, D. C....'. ... 300 Collins, E. A., Miss 301 Condron, M 302 Connolly, W. A.... 303 Connor, C 310 Conrad, C. J 141 Conrad, F 304 Cooney Bros 306 Cooney, \V 305 Cooney, M 311 Corbv, W 312 Costello.H.F 319 Costal io, J 320 Crannan, T 293 Crawford, W 321 Crawley, P 323 Cronin,'T.: 322 Crosson, P. J 324 Cumniings, M 324 Cunningham, \V. ].. 106 Curran, C 331 Curran, E. 1) 325 Curran, J 332 Czyzewski, \' 3.33 Daily, J 334 Dandurand, F. J... 119 Dant, A. J 335 Daub, A. P 337 Daunhauer, A 343 Davey, J 344 Dawson, T 345 (xivT~ Dean, T 346 Deerv, ]. H 347 Dehler,"\' 348 I )eininger, I ' 354 Delaney, j. F 126 Delaney, T. F 355 Delaney, P. \V . ... 349 Dempsev, J 369 Denk, R. J 376 Denver, F 370 Deshler, H. G 1444 Dewenter, A 3(>7 Dewenter, J. C . . . . 367 Dhe, C 158 Dickmann, J 371 Dilger, E 375 Dillon, P 377 Dinnen, J. R 1407 Dippel, H. C 382 Dittmer, F 382 Dittoe, A. J 383 Dober, E 390 Doerschuk, F 389 Doll, F. A 391 Dommershausen, J . 394 Donahue, T 392 Donnelly, M 148 Dooley, M. M 393 Dosch, J 401 Dowd, F. B 407 Downes, W 395 Downey, W 402 Doyle, D 407 Dovle, J 4n9 Doyle, J. W 416 Doyle, P 409 Dubail, E.F 415 Duehmig, D 1306 Duesterberg, J. M.. 417 Dulfey, P. J 418 Dugan, J 419 Dunn, J 428-442 Dunn, C. F 420 Dunn, J. E 433 Dunn,T 421 Du ham, ]. P 434 Durlauf, Si. F 435 Dwyer, }. J 445 Dwyer, }. \V 444 Eagan, D 446 P^bner, 1 447 Ebner, "I. L 164 Eckert," J 452 Egan, D. J 457 Egan, J 458 Ehinger, E. X 460 Eisenring, T. F 4()5 Eisert, J.C 1441 Elbreg, G. \V 170 Ellering, A. M 765 Endress, F 1445 Engel, C 1456 Powers, }i 466 Fahlbush, G 467 Faller, E. M 180 Fallev, A 191 Falley,J. B 467 Falvey, T 469 Fanning, J 477 Fanning, I. H 479 Fanning, "J. \V 202 Fanning, P. E 470 Fanning & Grannan 478 Farrell, M. H 471 Farrell, R. W 490 Faust, F. P 492 Faust, J. 544 Featherstone, D. . .. 491 Feigen, A 1311 Fein, H 493 Feiten, J 494 Fernkas, ) 495 Ferstl, J. "B 499 Fichter, L 194 Fife, E., Mrs 500 Fihe, J. H 501 Filcer, J. H 505 Finan, E 506 Finn, D. W 507 Finn, J. F . 515 Fischer, \' 518 Fisher, A. J 517 Fitzgerald, C 519 Fitzgerald, P. H.... 962 Fitzgibbon, E 525 Fitz Gibbon, T 531 Fitzgibbons, J. S.. .. 527 Flach, 1 ". 540 Flaherty, J 539 Flaherty, T 541 Fleck, G. C 543 Fleischmann, M.. . . 208 Fleming, \V 542 Flvnn, \V 223 Foley, J. P 545 Fox, C. Mrs 552 Fox, M 557 Fralich, F. J 563 Frank, \' 546 Frederick, E. C. . . . 553 Freel, J 564 Freiburger, 1 565 Frewin. J. J 230 Frey, J. r 566 Friedman, M 574 Fries, 1. A 567 Frisz, "1 568 INDEX —VOL Krisz, J. W 140;t l-ritch, A '""hO Krit/cr. I. 1 ')"•'> Kronicvcr, |. W... . •'iBd Irund, H. \\' 587 Fullenkaini.. J J.... 580 Gabriel, j. J. M.... 581 Gallat,dier, 1 590 Gallagher, j. H.... 588 Gallivan, i\i. D 590 Ganser, F. X 598 Gamier. J. B 29(5 Garrigan, M K^H Garrity, j 597 Garstang. R. W . . . . 599 Gasper, J. L 6 Gueguen, 1 244 Guendling, J. H.. .. 1431 Guethoff, P. A 1410 (Hietig, H.W 668 Giithneck, M. 1 670 Ilaase, C 144'.» Ilahig, 1 672 llalcv, M 675 Hallen, i 673 Haniill, P 674 Hamilton, G. A. . . . 675 Hammer, B 238 Ilaudlin, I). I 681 Hanf, H. F ". 682 Hanley, J 683 Hannagan, S. J.... 684 Harbison, J. E 687 Harrigan, C. A 685 Harrington, C 688 Harrington, j. |.... 689 Harry, I. L.." 691 Hartman, D. C 690 Hasenour, G 306 Haskamp, 1 692 Hauck, J. } 692 Haverkos, J. H 701 Hayes, M. 1 693 Haves, W.'M 694 Hazinski.M 695 Healey, J. H 700 Healey, M 702 Heck. M 396 Hedian,T. G 703 Heeb, P. L 708 Heeb, W. E 705 Heffernan, L) 705 Heffernan, M 707 Hefron, D.J 709 Hegartv, J. H 710 Hegger, J 410 Heichelbech, F. B. . 718 Heitz, G 711 Hellhake, H. A 712 Helm, C. J 713 Henneberger, A. . . . 719 Hennessy, J 720 Hennessy, J. F 720 Herbert, A. H 721 Herbig, J 723 Herr, H. P 723 Herzog, A 724 Heusler, B 725 Rickey, A., Mrs.... 725 Higgins, M 726 Hiilebrand. J. H.... 422 Hinsberger, J 728 Hirsch, A 731 Hitzelberger, A 729 Hock, G. V 732 Hock, J 730 Hot^man, ]. A 737 HotYman, J. J 7;!7 Hogan, I) 738 Hogan, M. H 740 Hogan, P. J 742 Hogan, T. W 739 Hogan, W. S 743 Hollra , P 744 Holiel,G 745 Homme , P . . 745 Hooley, P. J 747 Hoose, J 748 Horan,M 750 Hottenroth,G 746 Howard, E 751 Howard, T.E 264 H libers, J 758 Hudson, H.T 757 Hueser, J. H 912 Hughes, J 759 Hulman, H. 436 Hulsman, F 7t)2 Hunt, I.T 7(iO Hunter, J. C 703 Hupe, C 763 Hurley, D 764 Hyland, C. E 767 Imhoff, W. J 768 Inderrieden, J. L. . . 770 Ittenbach, G 448 lackson, L 769 Jacob, M. A 776 Jahn, J 772 Jakob, E 777 Jarboe, I 777 Jefferson, M. L 454 jeup, B. J. T 779 leup, J. B 430 jochum, W. A 4(iO Johnson, C 780 lohnson, J 1259 Johnson, J., Jr. 1260 lohnson, J. \V 781 Jordan, J. F 782 Joyce, H 1450 Joyce, P. A 783 Kamp, P. G 785 Kaough, W 784 Kapps, J.A 786 Kasper, J.J 788 Kastner, P 789 Kauffman, D. E.. . . 793 Kauj)pert, G 794 Kavanaugh, M. T. Mrs...". T95 Kearney, E 796 Keating, ] 797, 798 Keating, "I. F 800 Kebler,J.A 799 IXDl.X — VOL. II. Keegan, T. J ^^01 Keenan, I. H 480 Keenan, 1 480 Keenan, T 488 Keheliek, P. A fc04 Kehl, H 803 Keller, H.E 805 Kelley, M. M 814 Kellv, f. H 80H Kellv, "P 807 Kenipf, M 811 Kennedy, M. H.... 813 Kennedy, M. F.... 816 Kenney, E. T 815 Keogh, J. W 817 Keough, 1' 818 Kersting. D 489 Kervan, J 819 Kessing, C. H 820 Kexel, R 822 Kidvveli.T. P 823 Kiefer, j 821 Kilfoil, T 824 Kilroy, E. B 825 King, F. A 825 Kinser, T. W 829 Kivits, A.P 831 Klein, A. J 833 Klein, J 832 Klueber, J., Jr 832 Knabe, A 496 Knapke, R. 1 836 Kobvlinski, C. M... 841 Koehne, H 270 Koerdt, F 256 Kohne, A 834 Kokenge, C 835 KorpahC. V 842 Kramer, M.J 843 Kreutzer, F. \ 846 Kreutzer, J 845 Kroeger, B .*. . . 338 Kroeger.B. A 1315 Kroeger, A. | 326 Kroir. H. F. 1 360 Kubacki, J. F 472 Kuebler, S 844 Kidilniann, J. R 1454 Kull, A. F 854 LaCoste. H 853 LaCroix, J. D 855 Lahev, M 856 Lambert, F.J 857 Lanijiert, F 858 Landwerlen, I 859 Fang, C. I..." 865 Fannert,'G. J 502 LaPlante, C...:.... 514 LaPlante, J. B 508 (xvi) LaPlante, P...... Larbe.s, J ..... . Larkin Bros Lavelle, T Leary, M Ledvina, E . . . . Leinigruber, A. . Lenaghan, A. F . Lenaghan, C. . . . Lenaghan, J. N . Lengerich, B. . . Lenhart, J. S. . . . Lenihan, D Lichtenfeld, J. F Liesen, W Litot, G. A Lodde, H. B.... Loesch, G. |. . . . Logan, M.". ... 889 Logan, M. B Logan, T. X ... Lordemann, F. . Luebbermann, F Luers, J. H Luking, H Lynch, D Lynch, P Lyons, J. H McBarron, E. 1 McCabe, D... McCabe, J.... McCabe, M. .. McCaffrey, H. McCarthy, J. J McCarthy, "J. R. McCarthy, P. R . McCarthy, W. C McCartney, J.J. McCartv, [. J. . . McCarty, J. \V . . McCloskey, B... McCloskey, M.,M McCue, y'. McDerniott, P. . McDermott, R. . McDermott, R,. J McDonnell, T. R McGintv,C. .. McGinty, J. . McGovern, T. McGrath,^. M McGraw, M . . . McGroarty, I . . McHale, P. F . McHugh, T. I. McHugh, J, F McKeever, T. . McKeever, G . . McKenzie, T. W A 508 McKinnie, W. M. 86() Mrs 957 867 McKone, T 959 868 McLaughlin, 1 958 869 McLoughlin, T. A. . 960 520 McMahon, A 961 870 McMahon,P. T.... 968 871 McManaiiion, A. . . . 961 879 McManus, M 969 878 McMorrow,J.H.... 560 880 McMuUen, D. J . . . . 551 881 McXamara, ]. K . . . 948 882 McNeils, J 972 1443 McNeils, M 576 887 McXelis, P. H. . 570 888 McNulty, J 1413 883 Mack, J. F 971 1316 Madden, E., Mrs. . 973 -891 Madden, R. M.... 974 888 Madigan, J. J 978 634 Maher, P. J 977 891 Maher, W. A 981 893 Mahon, P 980 892 Mahoney, J. H. . . . 582 899 Mahoney, J. J 981 900 Mahoney, M. M 600 528 Mahoney, M. F 989 903 Maley, T 991 ALiloney, M 992 904 Mandabach, M 997 911 Manning, J. F 994 914 Manning, J. M 995 902 Manstield, M. R... 996 1411 Marchesseau, F. L. 1432 916 Mark, J. A 998 923 Markey, T. J 998 554 Markle,A. W !t99 924 Martin, A. A 1001 915 Martin, T. S 1000 925 Mathews, E. W.... 1006 926 Matthews, J. P 1008 927 Mattingly, J. F 1009 927 Maujay, C 1009 1431 Mauntel, F 1010 934 Maute, F 350 928 Mazelin,E. D 1011 928 Meer, H 1012 933 Meer, J. H 1016 93() Meil)er, | 1014 938 Meighan, IF. . . 1017 il36 .Meissner, H 372 943 Melchior, J. T 1023 939 Melle, G. T 1028 944 Merkl, J. J 1166 1317 Merz, A. J 1018 946 Mesker, T. .S 1434 945 Messmann, A 1017 955 Messnier, J A 1450 949 Meyer, P 1029 956 Michel, A 808 INDKX— \()L. Milet, R. \ 10;{0 Millt-a, T. }' UVM Miller, II \{):\2 Miller, I io;{ti io4;{ Miller. :\1 Km Miller, X 1042 1044 Miller, W. C 1045 Miner, W. | 1045 Moan, P..". I041t Mock, H. M 1047 Moe ch, L. A 592 Moffitt, P. W 1050 Mohan, J 976 Moloney, J (il() Moaience, A 1048 Mona^han, D. Ir. .. 1051 Monahan, 1). . .' ... 1052 Moore, K 1058 Moore, I OOH Moore, \\'. K (i26 Moorehead, T. W.. 1054 Morbacli, C. W 1059 Moran, ] lOfiO Moran, P. T 1055 M origan, W 1062 Morgenroth, F 1068 Moriartv, W. C 1064 Morin, ] 1066 Moroney, D. M iMM^ Morris, K„ Mrs 1067 Moss, G. H 1414 Movnihan, P. | 1451 Mueller, J. B.". 106S Mueller, M 1079 Mueller, M. J 1069 Mug, J. T 1069 Mulcahy, D. J 1071 Mulhaupt, F. J.. . . 1072 Mullally, E 1073 Mullallv. I. P 1078 Mullen, I F 1078 Mullin, i 1077 Mulvine,' T .*. 1080 Mundi, I F 1081 Mundwiler, F 878 Murphv, F 646 Murphv, I 1085 Murphv, \1. 1 1082 Murphy, M. \V 1084 Murphv, P 1088 Murphv, P. L 1086 Murray, J 10«9 Naughton, P 1088 Nees, J. A 1087 Nees, T 1090 Neilan,-T. H 1091 Neubauer, F 1215 Neunian, |. M 1095 Niblick, W. H 1096 Nichols, J 1097 Niermann, 1 109M Niesse, H 1099 Nolan, W. 11 l|(i(i Noll, M F liol Nordhaus, j. \V 1102 Obrecht, J. N 1108 Oechtering, A. 15. . . 1104 Oechtering, J. 11 . . . (556 O'Brian, W. F 1106 O'Brien, |. A 1108 O'i^rien, "|. J 1109 O'Brien, M 1114 O'Brien, M. ( 1115 O'Brien, P...". lllfi O'Brien, T 1117 O'Brien, W 1118 O'Connell, D 1119 O'Connell, J 1120 O'Connell, T 1121 O'Conner, B. S 1128 O'Connor, C 1124 O'Connor, J 1122 O'Connor, P 1125 O'Connor, R. J 1128 O'Donaghue, 1) 21 O'Donaghue, T 676 O'Donnell, D 1126 O'Donnell, L. H.... 1188 O'Donnell, M 1136 O'Flaherty, T 1134 O'Flaherty, M 1139 O'Hara, A 1140 O'Hara, H 1142 O'Hara, J. W 696 O'Loughlin, J 1141 O'Mahoney, P. |. .. 1148 O'Neal, J .... 1143 O'Rourke, P. S 714 O'Rourke, "V\^ S... 717 O'Toole, P 1145 Padgett, A. 1 1153 Padgett, J. A 1146 Page, J., Mrs 1152 Pa(|uet,L. R 732 Paradise, H 1154 Perlev, S. S 1147 Peters, J. J 1155 Peurrung, f. P 1166 Pfau, H 1160 Pfeiffer, [. P 1157 Phelan, I 1158 Piening, C 1159 Pierrard, H 752 Poirier, j. B 1160 Poulin, F 1168 Power, M. J 1319 Pratt, R.J 1162 Prenatt, M. G., Mrs. 772 Pressler, G. R llf;4 I'rice, M ]]v,4 Purcell, .M. F 1165 Quigley, J. I- 790 Uiiill. J 1170 god-mother.— Sebast. Lud. Meurin. From that date until 1836 there were about thirty prominent among the itinerant missionaries and pastors who ministered to the faithful at Vincennes and vicinity. Henry S. Cauthorn, in his elaborate history of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral, gives lengthy sketches of most of these priests, together with the dates of their arrival and departure. *History of Indiana, by Goodrich and Tuttle. ~147] A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Thus we find that Rev. Louis Vivier arrived at Vincennes in 1753 and left there in 1756; Rev. Julien Devernai, 1756-1763; Rev. Father Gibault, 1 770-1 789. It was onl}' during the last four of these years that Father Gibault was resident pastor of Vincennes, for in 1784 Rev. Louis Paget is recorded as having ministered there, as did others also between 1770 and 1789. Rev. Joseph Flaget came in 1792 and left in 1795. Rev. Francis Rivet came the same year, 1795, and remained until 1804. He was the first priest to draw a revenue from the government; for congress, on the recommendation of President Washington, who was besought in the matter by Bishop Carroll, of Baltimore, had appropriated a $200 annuity for the support of the Catholic priests at Vincennes. Rev. D. Olivier made occasional visits from 1804 to 18 14. The other missionaries halting at Vincennes during these years were Rev. Urbain Guillet, a Trappist monk, 1808, Rev. Charles Nerinckx and Rev. Steven T. Badin. Rev. Guy J. Chabrat attended Vincennes from 181 5 to 1817, with intermissions, during which Fathers Badin, Richards- and Rosati officiated. Father Blanc, 1818-1820; Father Champomier, 1823-1831 ; Father Picot, 1831-1833; Father Lalumiere, 1833-1836, and Father Petit also in 1833. Among the missions established by the black-robed Jesuit priests among the Indians along the rivers of Indiana, and to which enough importance has been attached to have them men- tioned by some writers, one has been overlooked, but about whose existence prior to 1795 there can scarcely be a doubt. It was located on the White river, at the juncture of Marion county with Morgan and Johnson counties. In fact, it was in Decatur town- ship, Marion county. Mr. John Dollarhide, the father of C. T. Dollarhide, of the Bowen-Merrill company, of Indianapolis, heard of the mission after he left his home in Randolph county, N. C. ; and when he settled in the vicinity of the mission, in 1820, he verified nearly all that had been told him concerning it — not only that there had been a clearing made there twenty-five years before, * Rev. Father Richards was elected delegate to congress from the territory of Michigan in 1823. He served his term. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. as he judged from the growth of young trees and underbrush, but also that certain articles belonging to the Indians had been unearthed, together with human bones from what must have been the mission cemetery. Judge Franklin Harding, of Johnson county, Ind., who died . a few years ago. said that Maj. Harding, of Kentucky, a relative of his, told him that the mission was destroyed by a band of men from his state in 1/95- and that no quarter was given the Indians. Dr. Ryland T. l-3rown, in one of the Indiana geological reports, refers to the positive existence of the mission, but says that it was not destroyed until 1808. and then not by Kentuckians but by a company of men from Madison, Ind. William Landers, the father of Hon. Franklin Landers, of Indianapolis, declared before he died that he had met and knew, before 1820. an Indian who was educated in the rudiments of Christianity and civilization at the mission referred to, and which he said was conducted by Jesuit priests. About six years ago, 1892, there were printed in the Indianap- olis News many facts according with the above, from the pen of Judge Banta, of Franklin. Ind. In 1833 the needs of the Catholic communities lying north of the Ohio river were represented to Pope Gregory XVI. who. on May 6th of the following year, erected the diocese of Vincennes. Vin- cennes was the thirteenth diocese established in the United States, that of Baltimore, 1789. being the first; the others were as follows: New Orleans, 1794; New York, 1808; Boston, 1808; Philadelphia 1808; Bardstown, 1808; Charleston, 1820; Richmond, 1821; Cin- cinnati, 1821; Mobile. 1824; St. Louis, 1826; Detroit, 1832. The Papal bull creating the diocese of Vincennes is said to be a choice piece of church Latinity, following no previous rule as to matter or form, going straight to the point aimed at; overflowing with a spirit of zeal, and while simple is yet quite brilliant, with a finish as elegant as that of some of the masters. Bishop Brute, the first bishop of the diocese which this bull created, and who was himself a finished scholar, thus renders the Latin into very A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY good English. We present his translation of that important docu- ment as follows: PAPAL BULL CREATING THE DIOCESE OF VIXCENNES. Gregory XVI, Sovereign Pontiff. For a perpetual memorial. Among the very great and weighty cares and anxieties which continually burden and harass us in the government and administration of the Universal church entrusted to us- by Divine Providence, the most urgent assuredly is that which regards the state of all the dioceses throughout the entire world: for in us it belongs, in virtue of our supreme power and judgment, to establish them, to determine and change their limits, as times and circumstances, and especially the spiritual good and advan- tage of the faithful, appear to require it. Since, therefore, by the united suffrages of our venerable brothers, the bishops of North America, it has seemed very fitting,, in order to extend and strengthen the Catholic religion in the province or state of Indiana, to erect and establish, with certain fixed limits, a new diocese, whose see shall be at the city of Vincennes, we have referred for examination, a subject of so much importance to the congregation of our venerable brothers, the cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, who are placed over the concerns of the Propaganda. Having therefore weighed all things maturely, and considered particularly the- spiritual good which would accrue to the people of those countries, by the advice and counsel of the same, our venerable brothers, we are assured that the establish- ment of this new diocese and episcopal see would be very useful. Of our own will, therefore, and of our certain knowledge, and in the plenti- tude of our apostolic power, we, by these letters, do erect and establish in the province or state of Indiana, in North America, a new diocese, of which the see shall be the city of Vincennes, from which city the diocese shall receive its title.- The extent of the diocese shall be the state of Indiana, and one part of Illinois, the other part to be attached to the diocese of St. Louis, so that the limits of each, diocese in the state of Illinois be determined in the following manner: Beginning, from the river Ohio, which separates Kentucky from Illinois on the south, directly- from Fort Massac, let a right line be drawn through the eastern boundaries of the counties of Johnson, Franklin, Jefferson, Marion, Fayette, Shelby and Macon, to the Grand Rapids of the Illinois river, which are eight miles above the town o£ Ottawa, in the county of Lasselle, and hence to the northern boundary of the state,. so that the western part of the state of Illinois belong to the diocese of St. Louis,, and the eatsern part to the diocese of Vincennes. We therefore ordam that these' letters are and shall be inviolate, valid and efficacious; that they have and retam their full power and entire force, and that each and every article specified by us, be strictly fulfilled, and thus, as aforesaid,, be without authority judged and defined, by all ordinary judges whatsoever, and even delegated auditors of causes, the apostolical palace and the cardinals of the Holy Roman church withholding from each and all of them any right to assign a different judgment or interpretation; and that if any such be attem[ited knowingly, or through ignorance, by anyone, whatever may be his authority, the same shall be null and void, apostolic constitutions and ordinances and all other things to the contrary notwithstanding. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Given at RoiiR', al Si. I'ctfi's, under tin; linii of the P^isherman, the Gth day- of May 1834, and in tlje fourth year of our Pontificate. For Cardinal Albana. A. PICCHIONI. THE FIKST 15ISII01' OF VIXCENNES HIS FIRST PASTORAL LETTER. The diocese of Vincennes having been created, the next thintr be done was to supply it with a bishop. Who was to become that dignitary.'' Teaching moral, theological and classical learning in Mount St. Mary's seminary, Maryland, was Rev. Simon Will- iam Gabriel Brute de Remur. He was chosen for the position, and was consecrated at St. Louis, October 28, 1834, by Bishop Flaget, assisted by Bishops Rosati and Purcell. The zeal of the newly-made bishop caused him, the day after his consecration, to address his first pastoral letter to his scattered flock in the wilds of Indiana and Illinois. It is as follows and is an index to the saintly character of Bishop Brute: Simon, by the grace of God and the appointment of the holy see, bishop of Vincennes, to the faithful of our diocese. Grace be unto you from God the Father and the peace of our Lord, the Savior Jesus Christ. Beloved brethren. Divine Providence sends me amon.i,^ you as the first bishop of the newly-erected diocese of Vincennes. Through the unanimous call of the bishops assembled in council in Baltimore last year, and the appointment of the common father of the faithful, Gregory XVI, the vicar of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ on earth, as expressed in his bull of May last, unworthy as I am of so great an honor, and of myself unequal of the charge, my only trust is in God; and, therefore, earnestly calling for your prayers, that 1 may obtain His Divine assistance, I come to be your chief pastor. . I come to be a first link in the succession of those who, for ages to come, we do so trust in God, are destined to attend their co-operators in a divinely instituted ministry to your spiritual wants and those of your future progeny. When you are thus entrusted to our care by the great Shepherd of our souls, the warning of the Apostle of the nations, to us and to our successors in the same charge, in the bosom of the Catholic church, is to be received with the sacred mixture of fear and confidence that it necessarily creates. "Take heed to yourselves and to all the flock over which the Holy Ghost hath placed you bishops to rule the church of God which he hath purchased with His own blood." Saying " yourselves are all the flock," the divine word, my brethren, forcibly marks that the interest and duty, both of the pastors and flock are the same: To- live in the same obedience and fidelity to their Lord and his church, having made it an inseparable allegiance; to embrace his law, receive his grace and save together their souls for the life to come. For, my brethren, every day spent on this earth makes us draw nearer and nearer to eternity and that judgment of (iod that awaits every one of us. Amidst all the anxieties and distractions of the present life, a A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY last day is approaching. Death will soon bid us go and leave all the occupations, pains and pleasures of this world, to be shared by other passengers, like ourselves, passengers of a day. Death will soon call us to " stand at the tribunal of Christ " to receive from him the sentence of condemnation, happiness or misery through that immense eternity. Yes, beloved brethren, let one common interest and purpose cement our union in Christ; to save together our souls. To reach heaven and avoid hell is our common aim, to live a good life and do penance (for who needs not penance?) our common duty. Giving glory to God and cherishing peace with all is our consola- tion on earth; " faith, hope and charity, these three things," must prove our whole treasure, as they are the only certain pledge of real and lasting happiness. Such, my brethren, is the whole object and seal of our union in Jesus Christ. He came to save us on the cross; we will trust and serve him as our Lord and Savior. He taught first his divine doctrine, then instituted his church to preserve it unchangeable to the end of time. We will, the pastor and flock, with one heart, follow his doctrine, obey his only true church, the sacraments of his grace, and, above all, the Eucharistic sacrifice; we will ever consider it as the richest legacy of his love, established by him for our blessing; therefore, neither to be neglected nor abused. Our baptism we will faithfully remember; in penance, through sincere confession and contrition, we seek the remedy of our sins; in communion, the sup- port and joy of our souls. Your bishop, beloved brethren, entering thus on his duty, begs humbly and earnestly your prayers, and entreats also fervently the God of Mercy to bless you; to fill you with that spirit of peace, charity and piety which has the best promises, both of the present time and of the life to come. Jesus Christ said: " I am the way, the truth and the life." IMayhe ever find the pastor and the flock his faithful followers and receive them together in the kingdom of his glory; may he give rest to those who have gone before us, your departed friends, for whom we shall hence- forth unite our prayers to yours, especially at the divine sacrifice. With you, we shall honor the saints who reign triumphantly in heaven, call for their protection and that of the angels, to whom, says the divine word, our Lord " hath given charge over us, to keep us in all our ways." We place our cathedral under the special protection of St. Francis Xavier, the whole diocese under that of the glorious mother of God, the Blessed \"irgin Mary, toward whom it was, m all ages, the spirit of the church that all Christians should entertain the most tender devotion. Beloved brethren, "we are the children of the saints," as we pass on earth to go and meet them in heaven. Permit me, then, to conclude with these few words more of the divine scriptures: "The grace of God and Savior hath appeared to all men, instructing us that, renouncing iniquity and worldly desires, we should live soberly and justly and piously in this world, waiting for the blessed hope and the coming of the glory of the great God and our savior Jesus Christ * * * a people acceptable, pursuing good works * * * he who shall persevere to the end shall be saved * ■* * the grace and peace of our Lord be with you." Given at St. Louis the day after our consecration, 29th, 8th month, 1834. t Si.MON, Bishop of \incennes. (52) RT. REV. SIMON WILLIAM GABRIEL BRUTE, FIRST BISHOP OF VINCENNES. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. As if impatient to begin his labors in his new diocese, Bishop Brute, in company with Bishops Fhiget and Purcell, left St. Louis the following Monday after his consecration, November 3, and journeyed on horseback to his future home, arriving at Vincennes November 5, 1834. Mr. Cauthorn, in his history of St. Francis Xavier's cathedral, says that the coming of their new bishop had become known to many of the citizens of Vincennes, and a large number of people of all denominations crossed the Wabash river to meet the approaching prelates and escort them into the town. The installation of the new bishop took place in the cathedral that evening, and the sermon was preached by Bishop Purcell to a con- gregation which completely filled the sacred edifice. The remainder of the week, continues Mr. Cauthorn, was devoted to religious exercises in the church. Many clergymen from a distance were in attendance, including Fathers Abel, Hitzel- berger and Petit, who were all able, learned and eloquent men. Two services were held each day in the church, one at ten o'clock in the morning, and another at six o'clock in the evening, at which sermons were preached in French and English. On Sunday, at ten o'clock. Bishop Brute for the first time officiated pontifically in his cathedral, and Bishop Flaget addressed a large congregation in French. Vesper services were held at 6 o'clock in the evening, and Bishop Purcell delivered a sermon in English. Almost the entire population of the town attended all these services. On the following Monday the visiting prelates and clergymen left for their respective homes, and Bishop Brute found himself literally alone in his wild and thinly settled diocese. And it was from this moment on, during the time he was bishop of the diocese, that he gave evidence of and developed, contrary to all expecta- tions based on human reasoning, the wisdom and peculiar fitness of his selection as bishop of the new diocese. When Bishop Brute came to Vincennes in 1834, it was a very small and poorly built town. The cathedral was situated in the most populous part; but there was not (excepting the cathedral and the small pastoral residence) a single brick dwelling in all that part of the town. The houses were mostly built of logs and plas- tered over with adobe, of a uniform size and appearance, being 4 (55) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY only one stor}' high, with a small porch in front, and generally- whitewashed. He had in all his extensive diocese but three priests, and two of these were stationed at a distance of not less than 200' miles from him, and the third, Rev. Lalumiere, who was the first priest ordained specially for the diocese, was stationed some thirty miles distant. The cathedral was wholly unfinished, being no more than the four bare walls, unplastered, and the eight large square timbers supporting the roof were entirely bare, with no sanctuary or any kind of ornamentation. It presented a very des- olate appearance. The entire revenues of the church did not amount to over $300 per annum, and the most of this was paid in produce. The $200 donated him by the Sisters of Charity, when he was appointed bishop, had been necessarily spent in his trav- els before he reached his diocese; and the revenues at his command were nothing compared with the needs and demands of the diocese. The outlook, it must be admitted, was anything but encouraging, and sufficient to dampen the zeal of any ordinary man. But Bishop Brute, student and recluse as he had previously been all his life, did not repine, but at once commenced to perform the work that had been assigned him. He first visited all the Catholic settlements within a radius of thirtv miles of Vincennes, to ascertain for himself an accurate knowledge of their true condition. These visitations were often made on foot. After having thus made himself personally acquainted with the status of Catholicity in the vicinity of Vincennes, he deter- mined to make a similar inspection and obtain an accurate knowl- edge of all parts of his vast diocese. For this purpose he deter- mined to visit one-half of it in person, and delegated the Rev. Lalumiere to visit the other half. The eastern portion of it was first settled, and at the time was provided with better accommoda- tions in the way of roads and inns. The western portion was still almost an unbroken wildneress with few settlements, and the.ie at great distances apart, without any roads, inns or other accom- modations for the comfort of travelers. It would be according to the natural course of human action that the superior would take for himself the lesser of the two evils, and' devolve upon the inferior the greater. But Bishop Brute did (56)~ IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. not thus act. He assigned the eastern portion of -the diocese to Rev. Lalumiere, and determined to take upon himself the inspec- tion of the wild and unsettled western part. Accordingly, on horseback he started from Vincennes, and threaded his way through the wilds of Illinois to Chicago, and thence around lake Michigan to the various Indian missions in the northern part of the state, and returning home along the course of the Wabash river. He was everywhere joyously received by the Catholics in the few settlements he found in his route, many of whom were Indian converts. When he returned to Vincennes, after this long and laborious journey through a wilderness country entirely un- known to him before this visit, he was fully advised by a personal' inspection of the present and prospective wants of that portion of the diocese he had visited. Rev. Lalumiere, having a much easier and pleasanter task, had already returned from his tour of inspection before the bishop returned. When he made his report of the information he had obtained of the eastern portion of the diocese, the bishop was fully acquainted with the condition and prospects of his entire diocese. The knowledge thus obtained at once convinced him he must procure material aid from outside sources, to enable him to successfully and quickly build up the new diocese committed to his care. For this purpose he determined to visit Europe and solicit aid, that being the only quarter where he could reasonably hope to meet with success. Accordingly he again visited his native France on this mission. He met with a generous reception from all classes and succeeded beyond his most sanguine expectations in procuring the necessary funds, and also a number of priests for his diocese, who were needed as much, if not more, than the funds he had col lecled. Having successfully accomplished the object of his visit, he lost no time in hastening back to his wild field of labor with a large sum of money, which had been cheerfully and voluntarily given him. After his return to Vincennes it might have been reasonably expected that his first care in the expenditure of the funds- he had obtained would be the finishing and decorating of his cathedral, and providing for his own personal comfort by the erection of a suit- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY able episcopal residence. At least, such would have been the course pursued by a worldly-minded man. But again Bishop Brute, by his course, was to disappoint the reasonable expectations of most people. He postponed these matters for future considera- tion, and devoted himself exclusively to provide for the education of the children, and of those who were destined to enter the min- istry. For the education of the clergy, he first erected a two-story brick building near the cathedral. He also began active prepara- tions to establish and put in operation free schools for both boys and girls, without any regard to religious belief. In a communica- tion published in the Sun, he announced that the schools he pro- posed to establish should be free for all persons. - " " Before that time, educational matters in Vincennes, as well as throughout the entire west, had been neglected, and the only educational facihties available were private schools conducted by individuals for pay, or through private tutors specially employed by such families as were able to do so. But Bishop Brute was not discouraged by the doubts expressed of his success, but went on with his arrangements and succeeded in bringing here Sisters of •Charity from Kentucky and inaugurated his free-school system for both boys and girls, and also a night school for the convenience of «uch as could not attend in day time. He also founded a college for higher education. These schools were all well attended and ^were perfectly free for every one. This was the commencement in the state of Indiana of free- school education, and it must be remembered that it was more than twenty years before the present free school system of the rstate was authorized and organized under the constitution of 1850. In view of these facts am I not justified in claiming that, at least, so far as Indiana is concerned. Bishop Brute was the originator ^nd founder of the free-school system. The schools he thus established in 1834 have been success- fully maintained and continued by his various successors until the present time. A diocese whose teaching body consisted of a bishop and three priests with a charge of not over 1,500 souls was not a very important institution. But situated in the then wilds of Indiana (5bj IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. and eastern Illinois, and as far back as the year 1834, it was of consequence under the circumstances, and as history has since shown it to have been. It has been twice subdivided since that day to make place for the dioceses of Fort Wayne and Chicago; and at the death of Bishop Brute, in 1839, it had twenty-four priests, twenty-three churches, two religious communities, one seminary, one college, one female academy and two free schools. The man who first stood at the helm of the church in these parts, who laid the foundations of future dioceses and institutions of the church, who set the example of the Good Shepherd, and cared for his sheep both in season and out of season, was RT. REV. SIMON WILLIAM G. BRUTE, who was born at Rennes, in France, March 20, 1779; was ordained priest, in France, in 1808; landed in America, 1810; was created bishop in 1834, and died at Vincennes, June 26, 1839. These are the dates of the chief events in the life of Bishop Brute, while his life of sixty years, devoted to religion and the uplifting of human- ity, is in itself an epoch. Passing over mere family record and the details which others delight to dwell upon, we find the head and the Jieart of this great and good man far more than we are able to do justice to. Intellectually, he had few superiors in his day. This means not merely his power of mind and thought-range, but rather his thorough and practical knowledge on a great variety of subjects — theology, philosophy, history, mathematics and medicine — not for- getting what he himself was accustomed to call " The Science of the Saints. " To a naturally bright and inquiring mind he added much by an early-acquired habit of study and of attention to detail. He had finely developed faculties for order, organization and executiveness, which, with a reserve of ripe scholarship, were of incalculable advantage to the cause to which he devoted his life. In the moral order, he excelled. The grandest elements in the saintly Brute were the moral. His piety and humility were equaled only by his charity. In him nearly all the moral virtues appeared to have had their proper abiding place. His very manner breathed forth virtue. Hopeful, trusting, patient, prayerful, he (59) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY denied himself to such a degree that he almost annihilated self — eliminated it from all he said or did or suffered. The ideal ecclesiastic, the typical bishop, the self-sacrificing follower of the Master — it was fitting that such a holy man should have been the first bishop of the " diocese in the wilderness." He has had able and zealous successors in the see of Vin- cennes, but none of them are to be preferred before him in the things that belong in the life and work of a bishop of the Holy Catholic church. Bishop Brute was buried beneath the altar of his cathedral at Vincennes, June 28, 1839. A large number of ecclesiastics and a multitude of his fellow-citizens, who admired and loved him in life, were present at the last sad rites over him, now that he had " gone home." After about five years of episcopal labors he laid down his burden, which was taken up by his vicar-general, Very Rev. Father Hailandiere, who was consecrated bishop, in the the chapel of the Sacred Heart in Paris, August 18, 1839. (60) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. CHAPTER IV. ADMINISTRATION OF BISHOP DE LA HAILANDIERE, SECOND BISHOP OF VINCENNES — THE FIRST DIOCESAN SYNOD — BISHOP's RESIGNA- TION — HIS DEATH BISHOP BAZIN's SHORT REIGN. THE diocese of Vincennes had prospered under the administra- tion of its first bishop, the saintly Brute. It had increased from a very small beginning as a diocese in 1834 to a see of some importance five years later, when it had twenty-four priests, twenty- three churches, and institutions of learning growing in flattering proportion. In 1837 the first directory of the diocese gave the following facts as to parishes, missions and priests: IN INDIANA. Vincennes, Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier, Right Rev. Simon G. Brute, D. D., Rev. Clestin de la Hailandiere, Rev. John Corbe. Black Oak Ridge, Daviess county, St. Peter's, Rev. Simon Lalumiere; St. Mary's, Rev. Maurice de St. Palais. Chicocos, an Indian village on the Tippecanoe, is attended by Rev. Mr. Deseilles, of Michigan. Duchee River, visited occasionally. Dover, Dearborn county, St. John's, every other Sunday, Rev. Joseph Fer- neding. Fort Wayne, Allen county, St. Joseph's, Rev. Claude Francois; St. Mary's, Rev. Louis Muller. Huntington, attended from Fort Wayne. Logansport, Cass county. Mount Pleasant, Madison, Rev. Patrick O'Byrne. New Alsace, Dearborn county, St. Paul's, a large German congregation, attended every other Sunday by Rev. Joseph Ferneding. New Albany, and the Knobs, P'loyd county, attended occasionally by Rev. Ignatius Reynolds, of Kentucky, and Rev. Joseph Ferneding. Peru, Miamiport, Wabashtown, Salomic, Gros, occasionally visited by Rev. M. Ruff. Rising Sun, Richmond, Shelbyville, Columbus, Indianapolis, occasionally attended. (6TT A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY South Bend, St. Joseph county, and St. Mary's of the Lake, Rev. S.'T. Badin,. of Michigan, and Rev. Mr. Deseilles, of Michigan. There are stations on the Ohio river, which are visited by Rev. EHsha Dur- bin and Rev. Charles Coomes, of Kentucky. Terre Haute, Merom. LaFayette, Shaker's Prairie, occasionally attended. Washington, Daviess county. Rev. Simon Lalumiere. IX ILLINIOS. Chicago, Rev. Irenaeus St. Cyr and Rev. Bernard Schaefer. Paris Prairie, Edgar county, Thraw^l's Station, Riviere au Chat, Coffee Town^ Lawrenceville, visited from Vincennes. Shawneetown, Carmi, Albion, visited from Kentucky, by Rev. Elisha Durbin. Father Hailandiere, who had accompanied Bishop Brute from France, in 1836, was again in that country in 1839 collecting assistance in money for the needs of the diocese and inducing young ecclesiastics to accompany him to the scene of his labors in Indiana, when the sad news of the death of Bishop Brute reached him in Paris. Having been previously preconized coadjutor with right of succession to Bishop Brute in the diocese of Vincennes, he was thereupon consecrated bishop, as above stated, in the chapel of the Sacred Heart in Paris by Mgr. De Forbin Janson. who was assisted in the ceremony by the bishops of Versailles and Beauvais. Bishop Hailandiere had done more work while in France than the mere collection of money, or the inducing of acceptable young men to prepare to enter upon mission work in the western wilder- ness. Besides these he had higher aims, for he had an eye to future permanent and much-needed educational institutions, the resolve to establish which he held in common with his saintly pred- ecessor; to carry out these ideas he devoted himself to securing the co-operation of French educational religious orders in founding colleges in his diocese. Hence the Eudists undertook to found a college at Vincennes; the society of the Holy Cross sent a delega- tion of Brothers with a priest at their head to found a college, schools for boys, and the congregation of the Sisters of Providence to establish schools for the education of girls in the several parishes. It can be seen from this how faithful Bishop Hailandiere was in carrying out the intentions and desires of Bishop Brute in the matter of education. To- these two bishops the Catholics of RT. REV. CELESTINE RENE DE LA HAILANDIERE, SECOND BISHOP OF VINCENNES. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Indiana owe the existence in their midst not only of fine parochial schools but also of such famous institutions of learning as St. Mary's acjdemy, Vigo county; St. Mary's academy, St. Joseph county; and the university of Notre Dame. The individuals accompanying Bishop Hailandiere on his return from France to his diocese in 1839 were Father Sorin, founder of the university of Notre Dame; Father Bellier, founder of St. Gabriel's college, Vin- cennes; Mother Theodora Guerin and Sister St. Francis Xavier — all of these persons of worth and ability, as their record shows. Having been installed in his cathedral as bishop the Sunday after his return from France, November 14, 1839, he thereupon redoubled his efforts to develop his diocese both spiritually and materially. He expended the money which he collected in France, not alone in finishing and beautifying his cathedral, but also in building churches, asylums, seminaries and hospitals in various parts of his diocese. He also secured property for church pur- poses in nearly all the populous and promising centers in the state, and was singularly happy in his choice of locations for the various- institutions which, since his day, have grown to great importance — notably the university of Notre Dame and St. Mary's of the Woods. In the early years of his administration, as well as later, either consuming zeal, or else the lack of ability to direct others, com- pelled him to be first in every work and to be the active man in its direction and management. He could find no one to do things as he wished them done, perhaps because he did not know how to give the proper directions, or because to a degree he lacked confi- dence in the ability of others to do at least some things well. Because of this he was practically without assistants, although he had good ones. He had the machinery, but did not know how to employ it to advantage. Others could put the wheels in motion, but they were not in authority. Bishop Hailandiere convoked, May 5, 1844, the first synod held in the diocese, at which twenty-five priests were present, with eleven absent. The object of this meeting of the clergy was to regulate discipline in accordance with instructions from Rome, touching missionaries in a missionar}' country. (65) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY The priests who attended the synod were Revs. John \'abret, Stanislaus Buteux, John BelHer and John B. Chasse, members of the Eudist order, whom Bishop Hailandiere brought from France in 1838, when he was Bishop Brute's vicar-general, to establish a college at Vincennes. Also Rev. Michael Shawe, the eloquent Englishman; and Rev. John Corbe, who came to the diocese in 1836. Rev. Aug. Bessonies and Rev. John Timon, the latter of "whom became bishop of Buffalo, and the former raised to the dignity of bishop of the Papal household and yet lives (1898) at the cathe- dral, Indianapolis. Next were Rev. Louis Neyron, M. D., who served as a surgeon in the Napoleonic wars, and Rev. Simon P. Lalumiere, a native of Mncennes and the first priest ordained specially for the diocese. Then there were Rev. Vincent Bacquelin, who was killed by a fall from his horse near Shelbyville, where he was on the mission, in 1846; and Very Rev. Aug. M. A. Martin, vicar-general for the diocese, who went to the diocese of Louisiana in 1845. Also, Revs. Julian Delaune, who became president of St. Mary's college, Kentucky, in 1846, and Pierre Ducondray, who was a near relative of Bishop Hailandiere. The following ten names make up the twenty-five who were present: Revs. Michael Clarke, Michael O'Rourke, C. Opperman, A. Parret, C. Schnieder- Jans, T. Mullen, T. Courgault. William Englen, A. Munchina, Joseph Rudolf. The eleven priests who were absent were not so from choice or disinclination to attend; a retreat for the clergy having preceded the synod, it was necessary that some priests remain on duty attending to the wants of the people. Those thus employed were the following: Revs. E. Sorin, R. Weinzoepfel, J. Benoit, M. de St. Palais, F. Cointet, H. Dupontavice, F. Fisher, J. Gueguen, J. Kundeck, T. Meinkmann and T. Marivault. The priests who attended were struck with the bishop's love of order and his desire that a record of everything be kept. They could see this on every hand, even in the improvements made in temporal affairs in the city of Vincennes, which at that time had a population of over 3,000. To their eyes, accustomed to look •only upon the forest and the struggling little village of two or three log shanties, Vincennes appeared to them a very worthy episcopal '(66) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. city, and some of them expressed surprise that the bishop had it in mind to look for another city in which to fix his .see. He had, indeed, already resolved upon the removal of his see, the necessity for which, and the arp^ument, lay in the fact that prospects were not brig:ht for bettering communication by travel between Vincennes and the other portions of the diocese, and also on account of the still more formidable fact that the future, as he saw it, held nothing of promise in store for the city of Vincennes itself. His foresight has been signally verified and his wish carried out" too, as Indianapolis, with its 200,000 population, has been not only made the episcopal city but also the city whose name the diocese is to bear from this year of 1898 on. In 1844 Chicago was separated from the diocese of Vincennes •and Bishop Hailandiere withdrew from that field, also Father de St. Palais, who was to be a future bishop of Vincennes, and JFathers Dupontavice and Gueguen. •Among the affairs which had distressed Bishop Hailandiere A\^as a difficulty in the then town of Chicago which smacked of the nature of a schism. After others had failed to remove the trouble the good bishop himself happily succeeded in the work. He next had to face the infamous charge of rape preferred by an evil and designing female, named Schmoll, against one of his priests. Father Weinzoepfel, at the town of Evansville. At that time the spirit of bigotry, imported from the east, was being fanned into a consuming flame in Kentucky and Indiana. In consequence the accused was cast into prison. Later he was brought to what was miscalled a trial, at which he was convicted and sentenced to prison for five years by a judge who lived long enough himself to know that even the common people knew of his wickedness. " Divorce this case from the Catholic church," said Judge Pitcher, who was one of the attorneys for the defense, "and such a prosecution would not be listened to or tolerated by an honorable court." Father Weinzoepfel was pardoned by the governor in Febru- ary, 1845, after he had been in prison from the 12th day of March of the previous year. Not only the governor of the state but the •entire community were convinced of the innocence of the priest. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY For a time the effect of the affair was bad, but later even the wicked woman herself and her husband confessed that she had been bribed to so charge the priest with guilt, but that he was innocent, and that she was a perjurer. Bishop Hailandiere believed in the innocence of Father Wein- zoepfel and would not during his life permit the priest to retire to a monastry, which he had wished to do. So universal was the sympathy for the outraged priest that on the 4th of September, 1 88 1 , in the city of Evansville, where his life was in danger forty years before, and where he was accused by the female, Schmoll, he laid the corner stone of the church of St. Boniface in the presence of a vast assemblage of the people, who were present as much to give testimony of their faith in the good priest as to assist at the sacred ceremonies. In 1845 Bishop Hailandiere again visited Rome, this time to lay his troubles before the then reigning Pope, Gregory XVI, and beg to be permitted to resign his office. He was driven to this because of the lagging of affairs in his diocese — a standing-still which was accounted for because of the hard times and lack of means to make improvements, and in part also because the good bishop was himself wanting in executive ability. The Pope, how- ever, would not accept the bishop's resignation, but sent him back to his diocese loaded with presents and blessings both for himself and his liock. Bishop Hailandiere, on his return, brought more priests and students for his missions, renewed his efforts for the good of religion, and to a degree had resigned himself to the obedience of dwelling in the midst of discontent. His labors were ineffectual, and the situation became so sufficiently pronounced the following year that, in 1847, at his most urgent request and for the good of the diocese which he loved, he was relieved of his great burden and his successor. Father John Steven Bazin, of Mobile, Ala., was appointed in his stead. Bishop Hailandiere remained to assist at the consecration of Bishop Bazin. After this event he visited for his health for a few months in the south and was at Philadelphia on his way back to France when he learned of the death of Bishop Bazin, after just. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. six months of administering the diocese. He continued his jour- ney to New York, where he met Bishop Hughes, and from which point he wrote letters to some of the Vincennes priests prophesy- ing that one of their number would most likely be chosen bishop.* Arriving in France a " Bishop without a see," he retired on his family estate, which afforded him a living until his death. This estate was situated at Triandin, near Combourg. By economy he always saved some money, which, from time to time, he sent to aid his old diocese of Vincennes. The last remittance was the year before his death, 1881, when $750 was the amount he had saved up for his beloved diocese. He died May i, 1882, in his eighty-fourth year, and, at his own request, his body was trans- ferred to the city of Vincennes, where it was interred November 22, 1882, with all the solemn rites of the church. Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, celebrated the mass on the occasion, and Bishop Chatard, who had succeeded to the see of Vincennes, preached the sermon. A memorial service was held in St. John's church, Indianapo- lis, June 7, 1882. at which a panegyric was delivered on Bishop Halandiere by his nephew. Rev. E. Audran, of Jeffersonville. BISHOP CELESTINE GUYNEMER DE LA HAILANDIERE. The second bishop of Vincennes was eighty-four years old lacking one day when he died. In 1836 he left Combourg, France, the place of his birth, and accompanied Bishop Brute to Indiana. In 1839 he was consecrated as the successor of Bishop Brute for the see of Vincennes. Having been born May 2, 1798, he was in his day the youngest bishop in the United States. In physical appearance he was a large man, imposing and fine-looking. His heart was in keeping with his make-up, for he was generous and devoted to his trust. This was evidenced by his substantial love for the diocese of Vincennes during the thirty-five years of his ^Although Rt. Rev. Bishop Ue La Hailandiere had resigned of his own accord, when the time came to leave the diocese for which he had worked so hard, and which he loved so much, his courage failed, and he was very anxious to remain at Highland, and form there a house of missionary priests, to give missions in the diocese and elsewhere. But Bishop Bazin, fearing some misunderstandmg in the future, refused to accede to that request, and Bishop De La Hailandiere"s feelings were severely hurt by that refusal. — Rt. Rev. Aug. Bcssonies. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY life after he resigned as its bishop. He was a man of wonderful' energy and force of character, while his intellect was far beyond the average. Bishop Hailandiere's resignation of his office in the face of difficulties has been regarded by some priests as an evidence of weakness. On the surface it would appear so, but in reality he was not a weak man. The fact is, he was strong. He knew the nature and source of the troubles which impeded his progress; he knew how to remedy them, too; but there is such a thing as not being able to carry out one's ideas. To have a theory — the right theory — and to reduce that theory to practice, are very different things. Some men, otherwise weak men, are equal to doing such a thing, while other men, acknowledged to be strong men, are unequal to the work. It was so with Bishop Hailandiere. He was unequal to marshaling the forces within his control to accomplish a task of which he had the clearest insight. This good man, to those who knew him well, presented a pic- ture in which the colors were happily blended, with here and there the shading rather pronounced. The contour was grand, the detail worked to a nicety, while certain features were not only beautiful but very prominent. The man thus painted will never be forgot- ten in Indiana as the second bishop of the diocese of Vincinnes. BISHOP JOHN S. BAZIX'S ADMINISTRATION. Right Rev. John Stephen Bazin was consecrated bishop of Vincennes, in the cathedral of St. Francis Xavier, at Vincennes,. October 24, 1847, and he died April 23, 1848, after a reign of just six months, less one day. He was in his fifty-second year at the time of his appointment, and when he received the papal bulls announcing to him his selection for the see of Vincennes he was vicar-general of the diocese of Mobile, Ala., in which diocese he had labored for seventeen years. His own beloved bishop, the Right Rev. Michael Portier, of Mobile, performed the ceremony of consecration, assisted by Bishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, and the retiring bishop of Vincennes. Bishop Purcell preached the sermon on the occasion, and he voiced, in his own eloquent and happy way, many of the sentiments expressed L., RT. REV. JOHN STEPHEN BAZIN, THIRD BISHOP OF VINCENNES. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. by the newly consecrated bishop in his first and only pastoral let- ter. These sentiments were kindness, devotedness and a holy zeal for imparting to the youth of our country a knowledge of the truths of the Catholic religion. Bishop Bazin was a native of the arch-diocese of Lyons, France, having been born in 1796. He emigrated to this country in 1830, and was in his fifty-third year at the time of his death. He was the possessor of many excellent qualities of both head and heart, which, had he lived, would undoubtedly have been exercised to good advantage in Indiana. He would have been loved by both priests and people for his gentleness of disposition, and for the true missionary spirit which was his by both nature and cultivation. An index to the esteem in which he would have been held in Indi- ana, had he lived, may be found in the high regard which the people of Mobile entertained for him from the day when he began his ministry among them. The knowledge of what he was to the people of the south, coupled with the little that was known of him personally during his short administration as bishop of \'incennes, has already endeared his memory to those who read the history of the early days of the church in Indiana. On his death-bed he appointed as his vicar-general Father Maurice de St. Palais, who was later chosen to succeed him in the see of Vincennes. His remains lie next to those of Bishop Brute, in the old cathedral of St. Francis Xavier at Vincennes, where neither priest nor layman ever enter without breathing a prayer or voicing a kindly sentiment for "poor Bishop Bazin." The early days of Catholicity in Indiana, so fraught with vicissitudes and trials, and during which both priests and bishops were called upon to make so many sacrifices, wear for^us of to-day a tinge of the melancholy blended with the heroic. What emotions are stirred by the picture of a lonely priest treading his way through the unbroken forest, fording swollen streams, sleeping in the open air, going for days without even the scantiest nourishment — and all that isolated Catholic families in the wilderness, or roving bands of savage Indians might have the graces and consolations of the religion of Christ brought to them! And then to see the bearers of the glad tidings set upon by the A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY savages, and in many instances brutally murdered while heroically and lovingly spending themselves for the good of others — the con- templation of such heroism and devotedness stirs the soul so deeply and complete!}' that, in our day of ease and convenience and rosy surroundings. Catholic men and women ought to be inclined to leap from cushioned pews and frescoed walls and from an atmosphere heavy with soul-soothing music, but to exclaim before all the world: " Oh, Lord, we are not worthy of such ease and delights! " And how true and fitting would be such an exclamation in these last years of the nineteenth century! In this day of the supremacy of the dollar, and of the prevalence of much worldli- ness, how deaf have the people become to the voices of the past, and how blind to the scenes of the struggles and privations of the early missionaries and of the Catholic pioneers in Indiana and the west! The fact is that Catholics have so much to be thankful for that the notion of their great indebtedness ought to overwhelm them. (74) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. CHAPTER V. RIGHT REV. MAURICE DE ST. PALAIS, THE FOURTH BISHOP OF VIN- CENNES — STATE OF THE DIOCESE IN 1 849 — THE BISHOP's LABORS AND THEIR RICH REWARDS HIS DEATH AND CHARAC- TERISTICS. IN the previous chapter we have seen that Bishop Bazin, on his death-bed, appointed his vicar-general, Very Rev. M. de St. Palais, administrator of the affairs of the diocese of Vincennes, until such time as a bishop would be chosen. Father de St, Palais acted in that capacity from April 23, 1848, until October 3, of the same year, when, he was himself precognized bishop by Pope Pius IX, who had been elected Pope, June 16, 1846. His conse- cration took place in the cathedral, at Vincennes, January 14, 1849. Bishop Miles, of Nashville, was the consecrating bishop, assisted by Bishop Spalding, of Louisville. On the occasion there was a vast audience, and a large number of priests were present. The Catholic population of the diocese of Vincennes was about 30,000 in 1849, and there were then just thirty-five priests to attend to their spiritual wants. The names of the several par- ishes and missions, or stations, to the number of fifty, and the priests in charge of the same were taken from the records by Father Alerding, and are here given, to show the state of the diocese when Bishop de St. Palais took charge: 1-2. Rev. Ernest Audran and Rev. John B. Chasse at \'incennes, cathe- dral of St. Francis Xavier. St. Rose of Lima at Faux-Chenel, and St. Thomas in Tueret's Prairie, both in Knox county, and Carlisle, in Sullivan county, were attended from Vincennes. 3. Rev. Conrad Schniederjans, at Vincennes, m charge of the German congregation. 4. Rev. John McDermott, at Washington, Daviess county, St. Simon's •church. 5 "Jib) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY 5. Rev. Bartholomew Piers, at St. Peter's, Daviess county, attending also to St. Patrick's, same county. 6. Rev. Patrick Murphy, at St. Mary's, Daviess county, attending also to Mount Pleasant, in Martin county. 7. Rev. Joseph Kundeck, at Jasper, Dubois county, having charge also of St. Celestine's, same county. 8. Rev. William Doyle, at P^erdinand, Dubois county, attending also to Troy, in Perry county. 9. Rev. Augustine Bessonies, at Leopold, Perry county. He attended also to several stations in Spencer, Warrick and Crawford counties, besides Rome, Fredonia, Leavenworth and Rockport. 10. Rev. Anthony Deydier, at Evansville, Vanderburg county, church of the Immaculate Conception. IL Rev. Roman Weinzoepfel, at St. Joseph's, in Vanderburg county, who attended also to St. Wendel, in Posey county, and two other stations. (Vernon^ in Posey county, was visited by Rev. E. Durbin, from Kentucky.) 12. Rev. Hippolyce du Pontavice, at Madison, Jefferson county, St. Mi- chael's church. 13. Rev. Daniel Maloney, at Columbus, Bartholomew county. He attended also to Scipio and St. Catherine's, in Jennings county, and to Mar- tinsville, in Morgan county. 14. Rev. Adolph Munshina, at St. Magdalen's, in Ripley county, attending also to Rockford and Vernon, in the same county, to St. Ann's, in Jennings county, and to Muehlhausen, in Decatur county. 15. Rev. Louis Neyron, at New Albany, Floyd county, who attended^ besides, to the Knobs, church of the Assumjjtion, and to Jeffersonville and Charlestown. 16. Rev. John Dion, Lanesville, Harrison county, who visited, also, Miller's settlement in the same county, and two other stations. 17. Rev. Martin Stahl, at New Alsace, Dearborn county, St. John's church. 18. Rev. Andrew Benet, at St. Joseph's, Dearborn county, attending also to St. Paul's and Lawrenceburg, same county. 19. Rev. William Engeln, at Brookville, Franklin county, having charge also of St. Peter's, and St. Mary's of the Rocks, same county. 20. Rev. Joseph Rudolph, at Oldenburg, Franklin county, attending,, besides, to Enochsburg, same county, and to Pipe Creek, St. Nicholas church, in Ripley county. 21. Rev. Anthony Carius, at Richmond, Wayne county, St. Andrew's church, visiting, besides, Cambridge, Hagerstown and Abbington, same county,, and Laurel, Franklin county. 22. Rev. John Gueguen, at Indianapoli.s, Marion county, visiting, also, St. Vincent's, Shelby county; Strawtown, Hamilton county; Cumberland, Hancock county, and Pendleton, Madison county. 23. Rev. Michael Clarke, at LaFayette, Tippecanoe county, St. Mary's church, attending, also, to Covington, Delphi and other stations. 24. Rev. John Ryan, at La Gro, Wabash county, having charge, also, of Huntington, in Huntington county. (76) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. 25. Rev. Talrick McDoiniott, at Logansport, Cass county, attending', besides, to Peru, in Miami county. 2() '27. Rev. Julian Henoit and Rev. Edward Failer, at Fort Wayne, in Allen county. They attended, also, to Hesse Cassel and St. Vincent's, same county, and io several stations in LaGrange, Steuben, Noble, Whitley, DeKalb and Wells counties. 28. Rev. Edward Serin, South Hend, St. Joseph county. 29. Rev. E. Delisle, South Bend, St. Joseph county. 30. Rev. Francis Cointet, South Bend, St. Joseph county. IM. Rev. Francis Gouesse, South Bend, St. Joseph county. 82. Rev. Theophilus Mainault, South Bend, St. Joseph county, Our Lady of the Lake. These fathers visited, also, from their institution, Mishawaka, St. Joseph county; Michigan City, Laporte county; St. John's, Lake county; also,. Goshen, Leesburg, Plymouth and other stations. 38. Rev. Simon P. Lalumiere, at Terre Haute, Vigo county, attending, besides, to Montezuma, Clinton and Merom. 84. Rev. John Corbe, at St. Mary's of the Woods, near Terre Haute, Vigo- county. 85. Rev. A. Granger, at Indianapolis, master of novices for the novitiate of the Brothers of St. Joseph. At the time when the above records were copied (1849) the educational affairs of the diocese were not only promising, but pretty well established. It was then that the university of Notre Dame, founded by the society of the Holy Cross, was in its infancy and began to show the first indications of what it is to-day. The same was the case with St. Mary's of the Woods, established by the Sisters of Providence, who were also in charge of parochial schools at Vincennes, Jasper, Madison and Fort Wayne. The Brothers of St. Joseph, an educational order, had their novitiate at Indianapolis, and conducted schools both there and at Wash- ington, Daviess county, Fort Wayne, Madison and Vincennes. The Theological seminary, located at Vincennes, was at that time conducted by the priests stationed at the cathedral, and seven stu- dents were being prepared in it for the- priesthood. With this promising and comparatively prosperous state of affairs obtaining, Bishop de St. Palais was not obliged, nor was it according to his nature, to rush things. He proceeded in the even tenor of his dignified way, not only to conserve what had been established, but also to direct and develop whatever appeared of promise to further the interests of religion, education and active charity in his diocese. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY The foreign assistance, heretofore relied upon, received, and used for seminary purposes, not then being available or likely to be again, he established, in 1850, the Easter and Christmas collections, yet in force, the one for the benefit of the seminary and the other in aid of the orphans. The good bishop was about equally devoted to both, with the claims of the orphans and widows appealing more directly to his very kind and generous heart. Hence the orphanage and the seminary, both at Vincennes, received his closest attention, and, indeed, called forth his very best efforts, the former particularly, for, later, it became one of his dearest charges. So well had it gone with the religious educational institutions established in the diocese, and so considerate of them was the bishop at all times that, on these things becoming known in France, Bishop de St. Palais had but to invite, and almost any of the prominent orders, male or female, were ready to come to him. Hence the presence in his day in Indiana of the Benedictines, Franciscans, an increased number of the Society of the Holy Cross, the Brothers of the Sacred Heart and others. The Ben- edictine order had established, in 1852, a branch of its great mon- astic institution at what is now known as St. Meinrad's, but more jjroperly described as Harrison township, in Spencer county, Ind. The site of the abbey comprises 160 acres. It is now the ecclesi- iastical seminary for the diocese of Vincennes, and in Bishop de St. Palais' day received his warmest encouragement. At this writ- ing it is one of the great ecclesiastical educational institutions of the west. The same was the case respecting the pre'sence in the diocese of the Sisters of St. Francis, the Sisters of the Good Shep- herd, the Sisters of St. Joseph, the Ursuline Sisters, the Nuns of the Order of St. Benedict, and the Little Sisters of the Poor. Touching the work performed by the priests in those days, it 'can be said that they labored faithfully and well, with the best results following. The priest has his obligations as well as the bishop has his, and, independent of the presence of the bishop, the good priest always walks in the way of duty. But while priests are spiritual directors and leaders of the people, they are yet only men, with their own share of human nature about them. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. From this it can be inferred that a bishop, who possesses to a great degree those natural virtues that are expected to shine forth in the character of the real gentleman, will have a more potent influence among his prietss than will a bishop who is deficient in this respect, no matter how well equipped he may be in others. It may not be history to branch off as we have in the para- graph just written, but the application and the fact run together in- affirming that few bishops were ever better loved by their priests^ than was Bishop de St. Palais by his. This was so not only regard- ing those who accompanied him from France, and those who were in the field when he arrived, but it was especially so in case of the ninety priests who received ordination at his hands. They all respected, revered and loved him, and the instances were few where strained relations ever obtained between them. In no case was this more practically demonstrated than in 1857, when the diocese was divided a second time and the north- ern half of Indiana was set apart as the territory of the diocese of Fort Wayne, of which Rt. Rev. John H. Luers was appointed the first bishop. The priests of the northern half of the diocese of Vin- cennes, while obedient, were yet loath to part from Bishop de St. Palais. Many were the expressions of tender regard exchanged between them and their old bishop, and at his death those of them yet alive mourned him with a filial tenderness that was most affecting*. Bishop de St. Palais visited Rome three times according to the obligation of his office — in 1849, 1859 and 1869. During the last visit he assisted at the Vatican council, in which he showed himself a firm, logical believer in and advocate of the decree of the council touching papal infallibility. He returned to his diocese shortly after the close of the Vatican council, impressed more than ever with his obligations to his flock and with seemingly an increased love for both priests and people. While in France both his love * One of the few exceptions to the general rule of kindness obtaining between the priests of the diocese of Vincennes and Bishop de St. Pahiis was a petition sent to Rome by a large number of the German priests complaining that in the appointment to the more important and lucrative parishes the bishop favored the French and Irish priests. This charge had a bad effect upon the health of the bishop, and at his funeral Bishop Dwenger more than intimated that it had hastened the death of Bishop de St. Palais. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY and his sense of dut}^ in these respects were put to the test by more than an intimation that one of the most prominent arch-episco- pal sees of that country could be his were he willing to accept the the charge. He refused to consider the proposition, as to do so would not comport with his love for his "dear church in Indiana." June 28, 1877, Bishop de St. Palais was stricken with paraly- sis at St. Mary of the Woods, Ind., where he was in attendance at the commencement exercises of that favorite institution. He lived but nine hours after he was taken ill, and for the fourth time the diocese of Vincennes was widowed. He was buried July 3, in the cathedral at Vincennes, the solemn services having been performed by Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, assisted by Bishops Foley, of Chicago; Baltes, of Alton; Spalding, of Louisville, and Dwenger, of Fort Wayne, which latter preached the funeral discourse. Over 100 priests were in attendance and the funeral cortege was the largest and most imposing ever witnessed in Indiana. Bishop Purcell, after the funeral, appointed Very Rev. Aug. Bessonies administrator until the appointment of a bishop. This action by Bishop Purcell was rendered necessary, since Bishop de St. Palais had left no will and was unable to speak after he was stricken with paralysis. Bishop Chatard, after his appointment, continued Father Bessonies in the administratorship until his arrival in the diocese. After a ministry of forty-one years in his diocese, twenty- eight of them as bishop, he died conscious that his labors and those of his priests were rewarded with good results. Of this fact the proof is that the diocese of Vincennes in that year (1877) had a Catholic population of over 90,000, with 127 priests and 151 churches, the educational and charitable institutions being well in keeping. If greater or more minute details were required to show how successful Bishop de St. Palais' administration had been they might be forthcoming, but they would scarcely comport with the scope of this work. To tell the story of conversions, of which there were many; to recite the number of contributions and bequests, which were by no means few; or to recount the difficul- ties or merely local happenings connected immediately or remotely ■'»*, -"^y^s '. <~" RT. REV. MAURICE DE ST. PALAIS, D. D. FOURTH BISHOP OF VINCENNES. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. with the organization of this or that parish or mission, would be to cumber these pages too much with matter of no general interest, and therefore scarcely worthy of being preserved. But as a mod- erate amount of matter of this character has been happily woven into a sketch of the good bishop's life by the Hon. Henry S. Cau- thorn, of Vincennes, Ind., we will here reproduce it, and for the additional reason that it is a very clever recital of the life and labors of that great and good man. SKETCH OF BISHOP DE ST. PALAIS. James M. Maurice De Long D'Aussac De St. Palais, the fourth bishop of Vincennes, was born at La Salvetat, in the dio- cese of Montpelier, in France, on the 15th day of November, 181 i. He descended from a very ancient and noble family, and could trace his ancestral line of descent back through centuries. His family was very wealthy, and always took an active and prominent part in public affairs, and many of its members acquired fame and distinction in the military service of the country. Members of his family, centuries before his time, were known to have taken a prominent and active part in the crusades, and also in the long and bloody wars against the Moors. Young de St. Palais very early gave evidence of more than ordinary abilities, and as he was destined to inherit great wealth and titles of nobility, his parents determined to give him an educa- tion fit for the e.xalted position he was sure to occupy in course of time. For this purpose they sent him away from their home in the south of France to Paris, then the grand center, both political and intellectual, of European civilization, where he received a clas- sical education in the celebrated educational institutions of the French metropolis. Having completed his secular studies, and when thoroughly prepared to enter upon the brilliant career in any sphere of civil life which his native talents and acquired attain- ments, in connection with his birth and wealth, assured, to the surprise of his family and friends he announced his determination to renounce all the glories and honors the world could give him, and devote himself to the service of the church as a priest. He accordingly at once entered as a student in the celebrated semi- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY nary of St. Sulpice in Paris, where Bishops Brute, de la Hailandiere and so many other distinguished prelates of the Catholic church were educated. In this justly celebrated seminary he prosecuted his philosophical and theological studies, and in the year 1836, when he was twenty-five years old, he was ordained priest, about the same time the sainted Bishop Brute was, in France, seeking missionaries for his diocese, and it has been said that he was ordained priest by this good man. However that may be, it is certain that on this visit to France of Bishop Brute he became acquainted with him, and his fervent soul was aroused by his recital of the pressing want of priests in his diocese, and that he determined to leave his native country, with all its charms and fascinations, his noble and wealthy kindred and the friends of his youth, to go to a strange and wild country, and literally bury him- self from the presence of all refined and civilized life in the forests of the west. He therefore accompanied Bishop Brute on his return to his diocese, and arrived at Vincennes in 1836. He was then a young priest, it being the same year of his ordination. His first work in the diocese was at a station about thirty-five miles east of Vincennes, in the very heart of a wilderness country. Here this man, an heir of wealth and to lordly titles born, settled down to his work with apostolical zeal, destitute of the comforts and many of the necessaries of life. From what I know of the locality in which he commenced his ministerial career in this diocese, and that knowledge applying to it at a much later period, I am warranted in saying that, on many occasions, he was compelled to prepare his own dinner, if, indeed, he was so fortunate as to have anything to prepare. From this station in the woods he also administered to the spiritual wants of the few scattered Catholics in the neighbor- ing counties around him. The Catholics within the range of his administrations were all very poor, as is the case generally with the early pioneer settlers of any country. But Father de St. Palais, notwithstanding their poverty, devised many novel and unheard-of ways and means to . obtain funds to build churches and advance Catholicity through- out the wide region he visited in the discharge of his priestly func- tions. He here patiently and quietly labored literally in the back IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. woods until 1839, when he was sent by Bishop de la Hailandiere to Chicago. At that time Chicago was a very small place of only a few thousand population, but already gave evidence of the wonder- ful results which have since been realized and materialized by its phenomenal growth. Unfortunately a schism in the church had been productive of much harm, and it had baffled the skill and ability of many able prelates in the efforts made to heal it. But Father de St. Palais, by his affable and genial disposition, uniform evenness of temper which it was almost impossible to disturb, at length succeeded in procuring perfect unity by reconciling all dif- ferences that had previously existed. He remained in Chicago for five years, and was then sent by Bishop de la Hailandiere to Logansport, Indiana. At the time Father de St. Palais was min- istering to the wants of the Catholics at Chicago and Logansport, there were no facilities for travel as now, and in fact very poor roads of any kind, anywhere, and in places none at all, so that in visiting his flock, scattered here and there for miles around and far apart, from the place where he was stationed, he was compelled to make the transit of his pastoral visitations on horseback, and to travel such long distances through a sparsely settled country that he was frequently compelled to pass the night in the woods without any shelter, and on account of the scarcity of inns for the accommo- dation of travelers, he was compelled to carry his scanty supply of provisions in his saddle-bags. But his amiability and kindness endeared him to the people so that they loved him and the surviv- ors yet hold him in kind remembrance. Father Campion, the present pastor of St. Vincent de Paul's church in Logansport, in the diocese of Fort Wayne, delivered a lecture in St. Francis Xavier's cathedral in the year 1891 to the Catholic Knights, in the course of which he aullded to Father de St. Palais and his min- isterial labors at Logansport, and said his memory was still fresh in the minds of his former parishioners, who loved to speak in praise of him. He remained in Logansport about two years, when, in 1846, he was transferred to Madison, Ind., which may be said to have been the first station which this cultured and noble-born priest had in this diocese where he was surrounded with anything like com- ib6). A HISTORY OF CATHOi^ICITY fort and convenience. He remained there but one year, as on the accession of Bishop Bazin to the episcopal chair of the diocese, he called Father de St. Palais to \'incennes and appointed him vicar general and superior of the ecclesiastical seminary. He did not discharge these functions very long, as Bishop Bazin lived only six months, less one day, after his consecration. On his death bed Bishop Bazin appointed Father de St. Palais admin- istrator of the diocese during the vacancy of the see. Pope Pius IX appointed him bishop of the diocese on the third day of Octo- ber, 1848, and on the fourteenth day of January, 1849, Bishop Miles, of Nashville, assisted by Bishop Spalding, of Louisville, and Father Dupontavice, consecrated him bishop in the cathedral of St. Francis Xavier. His appointment as bishop was received with joy and delight by both the clergy and laity. He had been for a long time con- nected with the diocese, and had come to it in its infancy before the Catholics in it were organized and formed into congregations; had witnessed and assisted in its growth and development, and was well acquainted with all its .affairs. He .issued his first pas- toralietter in October, 1849, and in it he disclosed what subjects should receive his special care during his episcopate. The most prominent among these was the protection and care of orphan children. This declaration in his first pastoral letter was strictly adhered to by him during the many long j'ears he was the head of the Catholic church in the diocese of Vincennes, and justified the peculiar appropriateness of the floral inscription that was erected in St. Xavier's cathedral, over the railing in front of the sanctuary, on the occasion of his funeral, "The Father of the Fatherless. " His care and concern for the orphan children of his diocese may be said to have marked and distinguished in a special manner his epis- copate. When, in 1863, he erected on the Highland tract, near Vin- cennes, the splendid asylum for boys which was destroyed by fire in the spring of 1889, and when the majestic and artistic propor- tions of the structure loomed up in full view of the city, he was approached by many persons who requested him to change its use and purpose, and establish in its stead a college and devote it to IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. educational purposes, as it was too fine and cost!}' a building to be devoted to an asylum for orphan children. But Bishop de St. Palais would not listen to such suggestions and would always reply that, so long as he was bishop of the diocese, it should always be the home of his destitute orphan children. This love and devotion to the orphan children did not wane but increased the logner he con- tinued as bishop. He not only devoted his attention to the care of the orphans, but also paid special attention to the education of priests and the support of the ecclesiastical seminary, for the purpose. He pro- vided for an annual collection for the theological seminary, to be taken up on Easter Sunday. When Bishop de St. Palais took charge of the diocese in 1849, which then comprised the entire state of Indiana, there were but thirty-five priests in it, only fifty churches and chapels and a Catholic population of only about 30,000. When he died in 1877, the state had been subdivided and the diocese of Fort Wayne had been erected, embracing about one half of the territorial area of the state; and yet the portion still embraced in the diocese of Fort Wayne contained 117 priests, 151 churches and a population of about 90,000. His administration was uniform and regular. He did not attempt to stimulate or push matters, but let everything take its course, and simply guided and controlled it as it was carried along by the logic of events. He was of an amiable and affable disposi- tion, and it took something extraordinary to ruffle his smooth and gentle temper. When he would indicate or manifest impatience or displeasure the half-formed frown that could scarcely find time to gather on his brow was only temporary, and he would soon resume his usual composure. Any sign of anger would disappear before the force and warmth of his kind and affectionate heart as quickly as the morning mist fades before the face of the rising sun. Although he did not, apparently, force matters, yet he neglected nothing. He pursued the calm and even tenor of his way, and devoted all his time to the discharge of his episcopal duties. He noiselessly and quietly passed through his diocese, without seeking, and even wish- ing to avoid, all ostentation and display. He dearly loved the A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY diocese of Vincennes, and would not think of severing his connec- tion with it. Owing to the position and influence of his family in France, he could have, if he had consented, been raised to one of the largest and most desirable archepiscopal sees in France. On account of the kind and hospitable treatment Louis Napoleon received when an exile from France, at the hands of Louis de St. Palais, a brother of the bishop and an officer in the French naval service, when later Napoleon became emperor he wished to requite the kind offices of Louis de St. Palais by securing for his brother, Bishop de St. Palais, the archbishopric of Toulouse, then vacant, and one of the most important in France. But this honor Bishop de St. Palais declined, preferring to remain in the diocese of Vin- cennes, which he had assisted in founding and building up, in which he had labored for so many years, and in which he wished to die and be buried. During his administration many churches, asylums and institu- tions of learning were built, and the visible and material appearance of the diocese improved. He was also instrumental in bringing into the diocese as many as five of the male orders of the church, including the Benedictines and Franciscans, who have accomplished so much good. He also occasioned the coming of as many as seven of the female orders in the church, whose labors and services have been equally beneficial. During his episcopacy he made as many as three visits to Rome, the grand center of Catholic light and unity, the two after the first, 1849, in successive decades — 1859, 1869. His last visit was in attending the Vatican council, which promulgated the decree of the infallibility of the Pope in spiritual matters, and which dogma he firmly advocated. He was officially connected with the diocese of \'incennes for a continuous period of forty-one years, from 1836 to 1877, thirteen of which he spent in discharging the arduous duties of a missionary priest in a new and wild country, and twenty-eight as the head of the diocese. In the latter part of June, 1877, he attended the commence- ment exercises of St. Mary's institute for young ladies, near Terre Haute. He was apparently in his usual health, and the day pre- IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. vioiis to the paralytic attack which caused his death, he was present and took a prominent part in the commencement exercises of that institution. On the morning of June 28, 1877, on arising at five o'clock, he was prostrated by a stroke of paralysis and died the same evening at five o'clock. The news of his death was soon known all over the diocese, and was not only a great surprise to every one, as he was supposed to be in excellent health, but was a source of general sorrow and regret. His body was embalmed and transferred on the 30th day of June following to Vincennes, where his remains, incased in a fine casket and robed in his episco- pal garments, were placed in St. Rose's chapel, across the street from the episcopal residence, where they remained lying in state, and were visited and viewed by many thousands of his friends and acquaintances until July the 3d following, when the last sad and solemn service of the Catholic church prescribed for such an occasion was performed in St. Francis Xavier's cathedral, and his funeral took place. The church for this occasion was heavily^ draped in mourning, elaborate floral decorations and other artistic preparations were made, and the interior of the old cathedral, within which so many grand ceremonies had previously taken place, never presented so marked and memorable a display. An excellent photograph of the interior of the church as it appeared on this occasion was taken, and numerous copies of it made and obtained by persons in many parts of the diocese. The trains on all the railroads entering Vincennes brought numbers of people from all parts of the state, including many distinguished public men. The citizens of Vincennes attended in vast numbers. To prevent confusion persons were stationed at the various entrances of the cathedral to regulate and control admission to it. A funeral procession was formed that escorted the remains through the prin- cipal streets from St. Rose's chapel to the cathedral. The casket containing the remains was carried on a hearse drawn by six horses draped in mourning. Many distinguished prelates and clergymen were in the procession, and all the various Catholic societies con- nected with the Catholic churches of Vincennes, the orphans from the asylum and a great number of citizens in carriages and on foot. The procession was the largest ever known in that city. (89) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY The high mass requiem was celebrated by Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, who had been so often brought within the venerable walls of St. Francis Xavier, sometimes on joyous and sometimes, as in this case, on solemn occasions. He was very properly assigned this sad and melancholy duty. Bishops Baltes, of Alton; Foley, of Chicago; Spalding, of Peoria; Dwenger, of Fort Wayne, and over lOO priests were in the sanctuary and church. Bishop Dwenger, of Fort Wayne, delivered the funeral oration. After the solemn ceremonies were concluded, the casket con- taining the remains was carried by clergymen present from the church to the basement chapel, and there deposited in a vault pre- pared for them beneath the sanctuary floor of the chapel, in front and on the gospel side of the altar. (90) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. CHAPTER VI. RIGHT REV. FRANCIS SILAS CHATARD, FIFTH BISHOP OF VINCENNES HIS CONSECRATION, RECEPTION AND INSTALLATION — TWENTY YEARS OF PROGRESS DIOCESE OF INDIANAPOLIS. THE diocese of Vincennes had been signally favored during the years intervening between 1849 and 1877. It was in those twenty-eight years that the dignified Bishop de St. Palais witnessed the progress of the church, keeping pace with the passage of the years. Each decade showed an increase of population, churches and priests. Happily, Providence provided for a continuance of these bless- ings by giving to the diocese its present bishop, who, for twenty years, has now (1898) been guiding the ship of the church in these parts with a hand made steady by power from on high. With the power that made steady and sturdy the hand on the tiller, came, also, the divine light to illuminate the course-way. The sea was rough at times; rocks and shoals were plenty in the passage; but aided by Him who " doeth all things well," the voyage has thus far been a prosperous one. Dr. Chatard, a native of Baltimore, Md., and, at the time of his appointment to the see of Vincennes, rector of the American college at Rome, was divinely chosen through Leo XHI to con- tinue the good work most faithfully prosecuted by his worthy pred- ecessor. He was consecrated at Rome by Cardinal Franchi, pre- fect of the Propaganda, May 12, 1878, and arrived at Vincennes, Ind., August II, when the citizens, without distinction of creed, headed by their committee, received him with great distinction. The mayor of Vincennes was included in the committee and Judge Niblack of the supreme court was its chairman. The address of welcome was delivered by Hon. H. S. Cauthorn. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Bishop Chatard was duly installed by Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, and solemnized pontifical high-mass, surrounded by thirty-five of his priests and in the presence of a very large con- gregation. The committee of priests, consisting of the Very Rev. A. Bessonies, A. Scheideler and Father Audran, who had gone to Cin- cinnati to meet the bishop and who had charge of all the arrange- ments for his reception and installation, acceded to the wishes of the Sisters of Providence to give the new bishop a reception at St. Mary's of the Woods Young Ladies' academy. The function was performed at that institution, August 15, on which occasion a number of novices received the veil, while others made their final vows. The exercises were very imposing and the arrangements were faithfully carried out. August 17, Bishop Chatard reached Indianapolis, his future home. He was permitted by Rome to make the capital of the state his episcopal city while he retained the title of Bishop of Vin- '•cennes.* Indianapolis rejoiced in the distinction of having the new bishop take up his abode among its citizens; and, as if to give proof of the fact, its reception of Dr. Chatard was most cordial, generous and imposing. The governor of the state, Mr. Williams; the mayor of Indianapolis, Mr. Cavan; the clergy, the Catholic societies, and the great body of the people welcomed to their city the head of the church in southern Indiana. THE ADDRESSES OF WELCOME. Governor Williams in welcoming the bishop said: 1 feel the greatest imaginable pleasure in having the honor of welcoming to this state such a distinguished personage as the future bishop of the diocese of Vincennes. Your predecessor, the Rt. Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, I knew well. He was a gentleman whose memory still lives, and will ever live, in the minds of not only his people but the people of the state of Indiana, for the many kind acts he has performed and the great work he has accomplished. * Even as long ago as 1878 the increase among the Catholic people of Indi- ana impressed the thoughtful with the notion that sooner or later the state of Indi- ana must be divided into three dioceses, the southern section retaining the name, Vincennes; the middle that of Indianapolis; and the northern its present name, Fort Wayne. {M) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Mayor Cavan's address was as follows: Right Rev. Hisliop: .Some lime ago our people were informed of y(jur appointment as bislui]i of X'incciini's, and it met with a unanimity and enthusiasm of approval perliajis without precedeht, and from that moment the open hand and heart awaited your coming— a welcome more tenderly told you in the warm clasp and kindly eye, than in words. I scarcely feel as if I were welcoming a stranger to-day, but rather one whom we have all known. You have won the confidence and love of these people before you came. ^■ou have come to a held of great responsibility and labor, but your toils will be lightened and sweetened by the devoted aid of your fellow laborers— among them the good Father Bessonies,who, like the Master he professes to serve, is continually going about and doing good. His footfall is a familiar sound in the homes of sorrow and by the couch of the dying, while he points the bereaved to a better land above, where sorrow never comes and the weary are at rest. Much gratified at your selection of our city for your place of residence and wishing you long life and hajipiness and a mission of great usefulness, to the many welcomes you are receiv- ing, I wish to add and to mingle my own. BISHOP CHATARD's RESPONSE. In response to the addresses of the governor and the ma3or, Bishop Chatard said: Although words are inadequate to the e.xpression of my feelings on this occasion, I desire to thank your Excellency, the Governor, for thus coming to wel- come me on the occasion of my hrst visit to the capital of Indiana. In speaking of my predecessor, Monsignor M. de St. Palais, as a devoted Christian and a benefi- cent citizen, you have said that which I know full well to be a fact. He was one who sacrificed name, friends and much else that was dear to him for the purpose of serving God and promoting the interests of the church in this diocese; and when I remember the great virtues by which my predecessor was distinguished, I feel almost dismayed in coming here to fill his place. Inasmuch, however, as I count not so much upon my own abilities as upon the power of God to sustain me, I know that there is no reason to be dismayed. I thank God that I have been called upon to labor in the name of God, for the good of his church; and let me add that, so far as I am able, I shall always endeavor to co-operate with the civil authorities so as to make our jieople better citizens. The Catholic church always teaches respect for the authorities because it recognizes all authority as coming from Almighty God, and therefore no one among our people that is not a good citizen can be a good Catholic. The Catholic church teaches everyone respect for the rights of others, and it also teaches its followers to despise all those persons who in these days engage in socialistic and communistic movements. There are many persons who profess to have pet theories for the bettering of the people that are really the enemies of society, and the Catholic church warns its followers to beware of all such ]iersons, and enjoins them to stand by the constituted authorities. As you are well aware, I have been absent from this country a number of years, during which I have resided in Rome — a city which is of the deepest interest 6 ~l95j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY to all classes of people throughout the civilized world. Rome offers the most abundant facilities to the scholar and the theologian to follow many interestmg branches of study; but notwithstanding all this I have cheerfully left my home in that city, where I have lived so many years, to come here and labor for the good of those who are committed to my car©, and my hope is that our lives may be spent happily together, profitably for all of us, and for the interests of the church. The next day, August i8, Bishop Chatard celebrated pontif- ical high mass at St. John's pro-cathedral. Every seat in that spacious edifice was occupied, while hundreds were obliged to stand. The church was tastefully and beautifully decorated. Around the sanctuary were blooming oleanders, and from one of them in a prominent place was suspended a neat cross of white daisies. At either end of the sanctuary hung the American Hag, and around the walls were placed the papal tiara and escutcheon sur- rounded by papal and American liags. The stations of the cross hanging along the walls of the cathedral were decorated with evergreens, and above them were hung festoons of red, white, blue and yellow. The canonical reception of the new bishop took place at the main door of the cathedral, where Very Rev. Aug. Bessonies resigned his administratorship of the diocese into the bishop's hands and delivered the following address of welcome in behalf of the priests. That portion of it reproduced in Father Alerding's history from the press of the following day is here given: VERY KEV. FATHER BESSONJES' ADDRESS. Rt. Rev. Bishop: I feel much honored and truly happy to welcome your lordship to your new home — to the city of Indianapolis. You will find, no doubt, a great difference between the Eternal city and this city, the existence of which dates back scarcely half a century. But here, as well as there, I assure you, you will find loving hearts ready to appreciate your worth. As administrator of this diocese, the task of welcoming you has devolved upon me. Others of your clergy would use words more eloquent and flowery, but none, I dare say, could speak to you with more candor and sincerity. You are personally a stranger to most of us, and still pretty well known to us through your friends. A voice has been heard from the north, from the south, from the east, from the west, and even from across the broad Atlantic, proclaiming your praises. " Your bishop," said to me a prelate from the north, " is another St. Francis of Sales." A bishop from the south, one intimately accjuainted with your lordship for years, writes to me: "You have an admirable bishop, and one, I am sure, who will satisfy the wishes of all— pious, learned, dis- interested, and full of zeal for the interests of religion." From the east rises the voice of the Sisters of Charity, those angels of peace who know you so well and IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. sinj^ the Te Deum on hearing of your nomination. The west speaks also, and irr n(» less flatterinc: terms. " Father Chatard," says the Western Watchman, "who is appointed bisliop of V^incennes, is a very elegant and courtly gentlemaq, a man of consummate administrative abilities, and a strict hut considerate disciplinarian." From across the broad ocean, one of your predecessors in the see of Vincennes sjieaks <»f one of the qualities required by St. Paul for a bishop, and praises the hos- jijtality of the Chatard family, so generously extended to him when attending the council of Baltimore, in years gone by, and is thankful to God for such choice. He then, no doubt, gave his episcopal blessing to the bright little boy who was to be one day his successor in the see of Vincennes, and that blessing has produced its fruits. But besides the flattering testimonies rendered to your worth by all those that knew you, we have already a safer way to judge of your merits: I mean your first pastoral, which does credit to your head and heart, and has made you hosts of friends. The idea of sending such a messenger before you must have been an inspiration from above, and, judging the tree by its fruits, we could not desire a better bishop. Your lordship will be the proper link to connect the past with the- future in this diocese, and your ashes will not be dishonored when they go to rest with those of the saintly Brute, the too short-lived good bishop Bazin, and those of your immediate predecessor, whose labors extend over a period of forty years as priest and bishop, and whose memory as the kindest of prelates is now, and will, I hope, remain in veneration for all generations to come. THE bishop's response. Bishop Chatard, in response to Father Bessonies' kindly wel- come, excused himself from making a lengthy address, and said: While I am satisfied that your people have been devout and zealous in the past it is no guarantee that they will continue so in the future unless they depend upon God for His assistance through the power of prayer. The success of my life and yours must be obtained through prayer. As regards the clergy, I know enough already. Their reputation has gcjne abroad throughout the whole country. I know them to be full of zeal in disinterested work for the glory of God. I know of your schools and your charities. They are known all over the land. I know also the zeal of the laity and how they show their zeal, which comes from the Holy Ghost. I thank you again for your presence and good wishes, and would ask that you remember me in your prayers. I thank you. Father Bessonies, for your administra- tion. God grant you grace to continue it. During the mass which followed Bishop Chatard delivered his first sermon in Indianapolis. The tenor of his discourse and the manner of its delivery completely won the hearts of the people, both Catholics and Protestants. It was on the divine authority to teach. ~{97) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY KT. RKV. DR. CHATARD's SERMO>f. He took for his text the fifteenth verse of the tenth chapter of Romans* "And how shall they preach, unless they be sent?" "These words," he said, " were written by an inspired writer; by one whom God Ahnighty had chosen as his minister throughout all eternity. Faith implied belief in authority, a teaching authority. You cannot believe a person who comes to you to speak for himself, but you must accept one who comes to speak, for another with his authority. If an officer of the law comes to serve a summons, or make an arrest, you would demand his credentials and authority, and having seen them, would obey. So, if a man comes to you to preach, you must know clearly whether he preaches for himself, or whether he comes with the commission of Christ. In all ages, where religion has been preached, the hearers have demanded to see the credentials. * * * j come to-day entering upon the responsible duties of the head of the church in this diocese by the commission of the successor of St. Peter, the vicar of Jesus on this earth. He gives the credentials and sends his ministers forth. The people want to know who he is. This happiness I pos- sess, of having been sent to you by the vicar of Jesus. I now have the happiness to speak from the lips of him who sent me here. In the last interview I had with him he told me that the first time I should meet you to speak of faith. I would ask you to call to mind that without faith you cannot please God; without faith all actions are vain. Faith is the corner-stone of our edifice of life. If you have faith, and listen to Jesus and his ministers, you will have all the means of leading happy lives— supernatural lives, permeated with the grace of God. Those who are in faith with God are living, however humble their station, lives pleasing to Almighty God. Each action in such a life has a degree of merit which will live to eternity. He told me further to implore you to keep your faith, and help those around you to keep theirs. Don't expose yourself so as to lose faith. If you trifle, you may lose. There are men and women who have lost faith by hearing attacks which they could noli refute. They were too weak, too heedless, and were lost. The great majority hold to their faith with tenacity, but the number lost is not small. Advance in every way Catholic education, not because we hate other religions, but because it is our first and greatest duty to preserve that priceless boon — faith. Let us bend every effort to preserve our faith, obey cheerfully our directors and rulers, who come in the name of Christ, because we know that all authority comes from on high. Our weakness will then be buoyed up, we shall become strong, we shall lay up treasures for the real life which lasts through eternity. We will see all our good actions shining like jewels in our crown." In the afternoon the Catholic societies assembled and formed a pjocession nearly a mile in length. The Irish societies composed the first division and the German societies the second. Between the divisions were Bishop Chatard and other clergymen in carriages. Rev. Denis O'Donaghue, in behalf of the societies, arose in his carriage and, in his own eloquent style, welcomed the bishop to the diocese. He delivered the following address: <98) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. RKV. FATHER (J DON.VtiHL K S ADIJRESS. On the part of our Catholic societies and Catholic people, I have tlie jileasure and privilege of extending to you a hearty welcome to the cafiital of Indiana. We have for some time looked for your coming among us, and we are glad that ycju are now here. We have come together this evening to testify our appreciaticjn of your high (jualities and to thank you for the favor you do us in making this city your permanent home. We would wish to know better how to receive you and how to honor one occupying the exalted station you do, but we are sure you will ascribe any deficiency m this regard to inexperience rather than to any lack of good will on our part. You come to us from the Eternal city, clothed with authority from the vicar of Christ, and as such we bow to you in filial reverence and obedience. Your presence in this important city will be productive of good, not only to your own flock, but to many others besides. The great church of which you are a bishop will become better known, its doctrines will begin to be more thoroughly examined bv a community that does not understand them, and its teachings will satisfy the minds of sincere searchers after truth. Statesmen and philosophers of this day are beginning to recognize the great truth that the Catholic church is the strongest conservative element that human governments can find to rely upon. Bilt yester- day the chancellor of Germany was ready to trample on the church of his ances- tors, and thought no law unjust that looked to its overthrow; now this eminent statesman shows signs of readiness to negotiate with the authorities of Rome. The stability of his empire, built on irreligion, is threatened by the socialistic ele- ments whom he has taught to forget God, and who have themselves learned to disregard individual rights and human laws. The Catholic church here has a mis- sion to fulfill equally as important as in the old world. Infidelity is overleaping the barriers that held it in check in this land, and those who would escape the ravages are looking to the church as the only power to stay its progress. The gospel of Christ, preached by those whom he has placed to rule his church, w-ill triumph in this important conflict. \Ve greet you, IMonseigneur, as a soldier of the cross, whose mission is a mission of peace and good-will to all men. We trust you will never find us" unmindful of your wise counsel, and we assure you that you will not have reason to regret the confidence you repose in us as dutiful and grateful subjects. Accept this slight testimonial of respect which we wish to pay you on this, your first day among us, and allow us to indulge the hope that we may long possess the privi- lege of being guided by your good advice and pious direction. In the death of your sainted predecessor we lost a father who loved us. In the person of your- self, Providence has sent a successor worthy to walk in his footsteps. We promise that the respect and love we gave him will be given to you, and in return we ask your prayers and blessing for our temjioral and eternal welfare. The bishop's response was in his happiest vein and was along the Hnes of the address of welcome. The welcoming ceremonies over, Bishop Chatard at once set- tled down to the business of governing a diocese of nearly 90,000 Catholics, having in it 127 priests and 151 churches and missions. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY He saw the great work he had to do, and, humanly regarding it, he must have quailed before it; but, trusting in help from on high, and in the power of prayer, as he declared in his sermon and addresses, he resolutely entered upon his arduous labors. Recognizing the need for a synodical gathering of his priests, Bishop Chatard called them together on the loth of the following December, 1878. This synod, the first under the present bishop and the second in the diocese, met in St. John's church, Indian- apolis. Of the 127 priests in the diocese, eighty-two were present. The following were in attendance. Rev. Very Rev. H. Alerding. Ernest Audran. Denis Abarth, O. S. F. Rev. Aug. Bessonies, A'. G. Ferdinand Bergmeyer, O. S. F. Leonard Brandt. Bernard Brueggemann. L. M. S. Burkhardt. Clement J. Conrad. John B. Chasse. Daniel Curran. , Francis De Langie. Januarius M. D'Arco. Aloysius Danenhoffer. John W. Doyle. John Dion. Joseph Dickmann. John H. Diestel. William Doyle. Julius J. Duddenhausen. C. Ehson. O. M. C. Bernard F.vvers. Edward Faller. Arsenius Fahle, O. S. F. P. R. Fitzpatrick. Joseph Fleischmann. Meinrad Fleischmann. John P. Gillig. John J. Gabriel. Francis X. Girolt. Mathias A. Gillig. Louis Gueguen. John Gueguen. Michael Guthneck. Isidore Hobi, O. S. B. Michael Heck. Ferdinand Hundt. Henry H. Kessing. John 15. Kelley. W. Kemper. Francis Ignatius Klein. Rev. Alexander Koesters. " T. X. Logan. " Joseph Lesen, O. M. C. " Eugene F. McBarron. " D. Marzetti. " John McCabe. " C. McEvoy, O. M. C. " Patrick McDermott. " J. Mougin. " Andrew Michael. " J. M. Missi. " Aegid. Merz. " Denis J. McMullen. " Joseph Merckl. " Alphonse Munschina. " Francis M. Mousset. " Denis O'Donovan. " Timothy O'Donaghue. " D. O'Dongahue. " Leo Osredkar. O. S. F. " Hippolite Pierrard. " Hugh Peythieu. " James Pfeiffer. " Frederic \V. Pepersack. " Bartholomew Piers. " Michael Quinlan. " Francis J. Rudolf. " \'ictor A. Schnell. " J. P. Sassel. " Anthony A. Schenk. " Francis Seegmueller. " J. B. H. Seepe. " Caspar Seller. " H. J. Seibertz. " Anthony Scheideler, V. G. " E. J. Spelman. " Florentine J. Sondermann. " Francis Torbeck. " Frederick \'icfhaus. " Roman W'cinzoepfel. " George Widerin. (100) IX THE STATE OF INDIANA. Immediately following the adjournment of the synod, the bishop issued a pastoral letter in which he treated on such topics as then were needful to be discussed, and on which, doubtless, the synod had taken action. These topics were: The Church of God, The Clergy and the Laity, The Sacrament of Matrimony, Catholic Schools, Secret Societies, Catholic Societies. The evils resulting from mixed marriages becoming quite glar- ing and numerous in the diocese, the bishop, a short time after- ward, found it necessary to disapprove of and condemn such mar- riages. To do this most effectually, he issued another pastoral replete with instructions to both priests and people, especially exhorting and directing the former to see to it that purely Cath- olic marriages become the order — the strict rule — thereafter; and that mixed marriages be tolerated only for good and sufficient cause. The Third synod was held at St. John's church, Indianapolis, November 30, 1880. At this gathering of the clergy seventy-nine were present. The matters concerning which action was taken were the schools, the orphans and cemeteries. The Fourth synod took place, also at St. John's church, Indi- anapolis, November 9, 1886. There was an attendance of ninety- six priests. The regulations of the Baltimore council of 1884 were put in force, and the division of the diocese into seven deaneries or districts was effected. The districts named were Vincennes, Evansville, Cannelton, New Albany, Madison, Lawrenceburg and Indianapolis. A dean was later appointed to have charge of each district; that of Indianapolis was not given a dean. The law relat- ing to irremovable rectors was also adopted, and the following ten parishes were named, the pastors of which were declared subject to the law: St. Mary's, Indianapolis; St. John's, Vincennes; St. Mary's, Richmond; St. Andrews's, Richmond; St. Simon's, Wash- ington; Assumption, Evansville; Holy Trinity, Evansville; St. Mary's, New Albany; St. Patrick's, Indianapolis; Holy Trinity, New Albany. The Fifth synod was held at St. John's church. Indianapolis, May 3, 1 89 1. There were ninety-four priests present. The busi- ness attended to was regarding the regulation of schools and A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY school books, making provision for the maintenance of infirm priests, and the estabhshment of rules touching Christian burial. It is as difficult to give statistics touching the spiritual as it is to photograph a soul. Yet there are signs which indicate results in this respect, and which may be consulted if we wish to arrive at conclusions regarding the great influence of the Catholic church among its adherents in the southern half of. Indiana. In the diocese of Vincennes, since the advent of Bishop Cha- tard, twent}' years ago — 1 878-1 898 — there have been but two public interruptions of good order — disturbances by two priests in paro- chial temporalities. These have been happily righted, and the parties thereto have submitted to the governing ecclesiastical authority and are now at their posts, zealous for the cause of relig- ion, and are as warmly regarded by the authority as if no disagree- ment had occurred. This shows what religion can accomplish, and how justice and mercy, together with charity, can work won- ders among men. While such troubles are to be avoided and regretted, yet, when properly adjusted, good often results, since the healing process is an object lesson, not only to the faithful^ but even to those not of the faith. That the governing spirit of the diocese is of God, and that it has been alert and cautious in all things pertaining to both the spiritual and the temporal, can be seen in the increase and pros- perity which have marked the affairs of the Vincennes diocese thus far. In the last twenty years, or since the present bishop took charge, in 1878, there have been twenty-six new parishes organized, and in each of them a new church (and in many instances a new school) has been erected. Each of these parishes has its resident priest. The estimated cost of these improvements exceeds $550,- 000. Beside these, there have been ten new missions established, and a church built in each; and in nineteen of the old parishes new churches have been erected, the cost of which, including new schools, will not fall far short of a half-million dollars. It would be safe to say that one and one-fourth million dollars would not exceed the amount expended in making temporal improvements during the past twenty years in the diocese of Vincennes. The people who have contributed this money, and the men who have I.N THli STATE OF INDIANA. looked after its judicious expenditure, give the evidence that the spiritual is not neglected, but fostered and furthered in connection with these temporalities. The temporal is often an inde.x to the spiritual. The twenty-six new parishes and churches referred to are located or named as follows: At Indianapolis — St. Bridget's, St. Francis, Holy Cross, Assumption, St. Anthony's, SS. Peter and Paul's. At Evansville — St. Boniface, Sacred Heart, St. Anthony. At Terre Haute — St. Patrick's. Then follow those at Bedford; Navilleton; Cedar Grove; Clin- ton; Henry ville; Sullivan; Posey ville, Posey county; Siberia, Perry county; St. Ann's, Jennings county; St. Denis, Decatur county; St. Joseph's and St. Martin's, Martin county; St. Michael's, Daviess county; St. Thomas, Knox county; Yankeetovvn, Warrick county, and Boonville, in the same countv. The nineteen new churches erected since 1878, in parishes previously organized, are located or named as follows: Columbus; Connersville; Greensburg; Greenfield; Hayden, Jennings county; Huntingburg, Dubois county; Martinsville; Mt. Vernon; Princeton; Rockville; Rushville; Morris, Ripley county; St. Anthony, Dubois county; St. Croix, Perry county; St. John's, Warrick county; St. Benedict's, Terre Haute; Troy, Perry county, and St. Simon's, Washington, Daviess county. The ten new missions and churches are: Coxville, Fontanet and Rosedale, Park county; St. Michael's, St. Peter's, Laconia and Locust Point, Harrison county; St. Joseph's, Crawford county; Linton, Green county, and Adyeville, Perry county. Of the 172 priests active in the diocese at this time (1898), 130 are of the diocesan clergy proper, as distinct from the mem- bers of religious orders. Those ordained by Bishop Chatard and now laboring in the diocese are as follows: Rev. C. Conrad. Rev. F. Roell. M. Guthneck. " H. Fein. A. Riehle. " P. Baron. J. J. Macke. . " J. F. Bauer. A. P'eigen. " J. Hegger. F. Luebbermann. " A. .Schaaf. C. Bilger. " J. Thie. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Rev. C. Schwartz. M. Andres. C. Curran. P. Hommes. T. McLaut^hlin. J. Rvves. ^ VVm'. Wack. A. A. Kaelin. * A. Peckskamp. J. Matthews. M. Bogemann. J. M. Zoglniann. Geo. Loesch. Theo. Mesker. F. H. Gavisk. J. A. Urich. K. Schott. F. J. Neuhoffer. C. Strieker. J. H. Hillebrand. Jas. Byrne. F. B. Dowd. J. H. Boersig. H. Moss. Rev. J. F. Weber. " J. F. Stanton. " J. F. Mattinsly. " Jos. Chartrand. " Chas. A. Clever. " Stephen Uonohue. " J. Scheefers. " \Vm. Jochum. " J. Haskamp. " L. P'ichter. " Jos. Gerdon. " J. A. Kohhiiann. " E. Ledvina. " J. P. O'Connell. " J. J. Wade. " J. Gorman. " M. Toelle. " F. X. Unterreitmeier. " Wm. Liesen. " F. W. Wolf. " Jos. Haas. " J. Loibl. " Jos. Schaub. " E. Ketter. From information at hand, and from careful estimates made by Very Rev. Chancellor O'Donahgue of the diocese of Vincennes {in 1898) the following facts and figures are of consequunce, since they more fully set forth the state of the diocese: 1. Priests, both diocesan and religious, 172. 2. Churches, not including chapels, 175. 3. One diocesan seminary, with thirty-three students. 4. Two Novitiates for religious communities for men, twenty-five students. 5. Two colleges and academies for boys, students 200. •6. Eighteen academies for young ladies, pupils 3,000. 7. Ninety-seven parochial schools, pupils attending 13,934. 8. Two industrial and reform schools and one charitable institution. 9. Three hospitals and two homes for the aged poor. 10. Total number of young people under Catholic care in the diocese, 16,550. 11. Total marriages during previous year, 952. 12. Total baptisms " " " 2,657. 13. Total burials " " " 1,755. 14. Catholic population, liberally estimated at 120,000. 15. Total expended in twenty years, in making temporal improvements. 81,250,000. Among the events of note in the diocese was the investing of Rt. Rev. Mgr. Aug. Bessonies as domestic prelate to the Pope by Bishop Chatard, April 28, 1884. He was appointed the 22nd of the previous January. Another event was the celebration of his (104) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. golden jubilee by Mgr. Bessonies February 22, 1890. This grand old man of the diocese, while not the oldest. in years, is yet the old- est in service as a priest. In 1887 the golden jubilee of Pope Leo XIII was grandly cele- brated in Indianapolis. A public meeting of 5,000 Catholics was held in Tomlinson Hall, which was addressed by Bishop Chatard, Very Rev. A. Scheideler, M. W. Carr and George Wolf. In the spring of 1898 the brief from the Holy Father, Leo XIII. was received by Bishop Chatard, granting permission to change the name of the diocese from that of Vincennes to Indi- anapolis, entailing all the legal changes that must result as an effect of the brief. It makes Indianapolis not only an episcopal city, but also the see city and seat of the ecclesiastical authority for the diocese. It also empowers the erection of a cathedral, which long-expected work will be undertaken in the near future. The issuance of the brief referred to is the latest event of importance in the history of the former diocese of Vincennes and the present diocese of Indianapolis. The following letter announcing the change in the title of the •diocese was addressed to the priests by Bishop Chatard: Reverend Sir: A brief from the holy see, bearing date March 28, 1898, for reasons approved of by his HoUness, and on the recommendation of the Most Rev. Archbishop of Cincinnati and of all the right reverend bishops of this province, changes the title of the diocese of \'incennes to that of the diocese of Indianapolis. We notify your reverence of this act for all legal effects following from it, and that all communicatians to the ordinary of the diocese may be so addressed. . ' FRANCIS SILAS, Indianapolis, Ind., April 30, 1898. - Bishop of Indianapolis. (105) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER VII. SKETCH OF RT. REV. FRANCIS SILAS CHATARD, FIFTH BISHOP OF THE DIOCESE OF VINCENNES, NOW THE DIOCESE OF INDIANAPOLIS HIS FIRST PASTORAL LETTER SENT FROM ROME. THE fifth and present bishop of Vincennes, now the diocese of Indianapolis, was born in Baltimore, Md., December 13, 1834. Following the example of two generations of his family, he became a doctor of medicine, and after graduation, in 1853, he practiced for two years in the Baltimore infirmary attached to the university, and in the city alms-house hospital as one of the resi- dent physicians. Without becoming dissatisfied with the medical profession as a profession, or losing to any degree his love for it as a science, he forsook the calling to devote himself to a higher one. He felt himself called to the ministry that concerns itself about the soul rather than the body, and he forthwith applied to Archbishop Kenrick, then of Baltimore, to be permitted to proceed regularly in obedience to the "kindly light" that would lead him on. Having graduated in the classics from Mount St. Mary's college before he began his medical studies, he was therefore well prepared to begin his divinity studies, to complete which Archbishop Ken- rick sent him to the Urban college of the Propaganda, at Rome, Italy. During six years he applied himself assiduously to the study of philosophy and theology, and in 1863, after a rigid public exam- ination, he won and received the title of doctor of divinity. Shortly afterward he was appointed to the vice-rectorship of the American college at Rome, which position beheld until 1868 when he became rector of that famous institution. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. For ten jears Dr. Chatard presided over the American college as its rector, concerning himself, not alone about its sphere as an educational institution, but also about its finances, which, owing to multiplied demands, stood much in need of atten- tion. On account of failing health his physician recommended a ■change of chmate. This change was had by making a visit to his native land. While thus recuperating. Dr. Chatard, by authority of Pope Pius IX, made appeals to the American bishops in behalf of his college. He was gratified with the responses he received and was thereby enabled to relieve the institution from embarrassments occasioned by insufficient revenue. Dr. Chatard's remarkable success in managing the American college attracted the attention, not only of the bishops of his native land, but also and especially that of the Pope, who gra- ciously recognized him on all occasions, and signally honored him when opportunity offered. Besides presenting him with a large- sized gold medal of exquisite design and finish as a token of approval, and of his own personal regard, he further 'honored him by appointing him one of the chamberlains at the papal court, giving him authority to arrange for all audiences for Americans with the Pope. The conferring of these distinctions was followed byhis appointment as bishop of Vincennes, which occurred (1878) while he was in the United States in the interests of the American college. These facts and this outline of the career of Dr. Chatard are an index to the ability and character of the man. while they serve at the same time to indicate the things upon which his ripe scholar- ship is based. Besides the advantage of six years of training as a student in the Urban college, he has had fourteen years of experi- ■ence in conducting the American college, and also the opportunity of consulting the Vatican library and the rich archives of St. Peter's church. Mingling with the greatest men of his day, many of whom he met during the Vatican council, and having learned, by obser- vation and contact, the things essential to the administration, both spiritual and temporal, of the greatest institution in the world, the ■Catholic church, he found himself thoroughly equipped to govern the diocese of which he was appointed bishop. "(107) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Always a diligent and patient student, and from his acquaint- ance with books, knowing where to look for the widest informa- tion on nearly all questions; appreciating knowledge both for its own sake as well as for the good uses to which he invariably finds occasion to devote it, Bishop Chatard stands forth a man whose mind is well stored with the ripe fruits of more than fifty years of earnest inquiry and study. A doctor in divinity as well as in medi- cine; a philosopher, and a scientist of no mean attainments; a stu- dent of human nature and a master in sacred science; a fluent speaker; a profound thinker; a linguist of note, and a writer of elegance and force, he combines grandeur of soul with superiority of intellect. By nature Bishop Chatard is a dignified man. With dignity he possesses force and decision of character. As a man among men his distinguished personality and great learning render him eminent. The high office of bishop loses nothing by his filling it, nor would a higher be unbecoming to him. Religion with him is a reality — a fact, not a sentiment. It is a business — the most seri- ous business of his life. It implies obligation, and obligation ful- filled is duty done. While serious almost to the point of severity in dealing with grave matters, and resolutely fixed in his rulings where new information to the contrary is not forthcoming, he yet manifests a patience so christian, a tolerance so remarkable, and a gentleness of character so peculiarly his own that no one has ever mistaken them for mere yielding or weakness. Firmness, force of character, great executive ability, rare culture, refinement and charm of manner are elements so notable in the personality of Dr. Chatard that even those who know him best find it difficult to say which one is the most prominent. The fact is, each is superlative when occasion calls. While all may not love Bishop Chatard, since all are not equal to understanding or compassing either him or his official acts, there is yet to be found any one who does not respect, admire and revere him both as a man and as a christian bishop. During the twenty years which Bishop Chatard has ruled as head of the church in the diocese of Indianapolis, his spiritual zeal and his great mental vigor, backed by a healthy body,. (TOST IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. inclined and enabled him to both speak and write much in his capacity of bishop, and along lines purely spiritual. He began his career as bishop by addressing a pastoral letter to his diocese, dated at Rome and written immediately after his consecration. That letter has been esteemed as among the ablest of modern times, connecting our day with the times of the early fathers and the immediate successors of the apostles. His discourses, too — his sermons — have been replete with profound thought, apt in application to times and occasions, and happy in arrangement of the matter. That one delivered on the occasion of the re-entombment of the remains of Bishop Hailan- diere was of such rare merit that the desire of Archbishop Elder, of Cincinnati, to have it published in pamphlet form was carried out. All of Bishop Chatard's lectures are rich in thought. While excellence in arrangement and choice of language as to fitness and force are always in evidence, yet it can be seen that thought is invariably given first place. It can therefore be said of Dr. Cha- tard that, when he speaks, he says something. In giving some extracts from a few of his lectures and dis- courses, we will begin with his first pastoral, which, because of its importance as well as because of its being his first, and, besides being sent from Rome in advance of his coming, has special claims upon space in a history of the diocese. It is as follows: BISHOP chatard's FIRST PASTORAL. Francis Silas, by the grace of God and favor of the Apostolic See, Bishop of Vincennes, to his clergy and people, health and life everlasting from the Lord: Raised by the voice of our Chief Pastor to the see of Vincennes, it has seemed to us most fitting, dearly beloved brethren, to follow the custom of those bishops, who receive episcopal consecration in the Holy city, and address you in a few words, as a pledge of that charity of Christ which tills us with zeal for your welfare; and as a means also of recalling efficaciously those counsels that regard the direction of your life, the prosperity of our church, and the diffusion of our holy religion. We set about this very useful work all the more willingly, because we have before our eyes the lives and actions of our predecessors of most worthv memory. In them was to be seen a remarkable zeal for souls. They belonged to that chosen band of apostles who, following the footsteps of the saints, left home, rela- tives, their native land, that they might bring the Catholic faith into our beloved country; that they might reveal the light of truth to our people; that they might teach the sound principles of right living; that they might be to us, God so dispos- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY ing and aiding, an example. We certainly owe to these men, dearly beloved brethren, a debt of gratitude and of special honor. They were your fathers in the faith; they begot you in the word of truth; and, for the sake of you all, abandon- ing the comfortsrof life, they laid, in the midst of every kind of trial and sorrow and trouble, the foundations of this church, which has grown so much and spread so widely. We say nothing of that remarkable example of piety, Simon Gabriel Brute, first Bishop of \'incennes, whose memory is in benediction with you. We say nothing of the other bishops, whose virtues are well known to you. We shall speak of him who, lately your bishop, has been called to receive his reward, Maurice de St. Palais. He was indeed a man distinguished for the qualities of his mind and heart, full of dignity of life, noble of birth, and nobler still by reason of his virtues. He ruled this church of \'incennes for nearly thirty years. Under his guidance it flourished always, grew steadily, and by his prudence and wisdom was preserved from whatever might have troubled the peace, of his people. So great a blessing did this pastor merit for his flock, that the diocese of Vincennes may well be held as a model to others. These examples, dearly beloved brethren, we willingly confess, are to us a source of diffidence and of strength; of diffidence, w-hen we look at our own lowli- ness; of strength, because they are a stimulus to us to imitate what our predeces- sors did in so praiseworthy a manner, not trusting to ourselves, by relying on that Divine assistance which was always with them and completed their labors. What was it, dearly beloved brethren, that caused them and others, distin- guished for wealth and birth, and generous hospitality, to leave their country? What else but faith? They understood well the value of this heavenly gift; and that they might bestow on others this gift, valuable far beyond gold and gems and every earthly treasure, they offered themselves a sacrifice — nay, a holocaust to God. And if they so prized this priceless boon, we certainly are not to think lightly of it. Although, by the mercy of God, it is now common to many of our people, its value is certainly not diminished. In fact, the very sight of its fruits among us must make us esteem it still more. And that we may have this greater appreciation of it, permit us for a moment to speak of it; for we do not, perhaps, sufficiently consider its nature. Faith, so speaks the sacred council of Trent, is the root of justification; without it, says St. Paul, it is impossible to please God; Heb. xi, (). As the root is first with regard to the tree, so faith is first with regard to supernatural life. As no tree comes up from the ground unless the seed be first planted, so unless this seed of faith be first sown into the soul there is no spiritual, no supernatural life. Nay, the very first longings and tendencies toward God, to embrace the teachings of Christ, have their origin from God. -So spoke St. Augus- tin; for when, thinking of this great gift of faith, he attributed to nature these first movements of the heart toward God, he came upon the words of St. Cyprian, commenting the text of St. Paul: " What hast thou that thou had not received ; " I Cor. iv, V. 7. Enlightened by the grace of God, he understood forthwith that he had erred, taking credit to himself and not giving thanks to the Almighty. This error he confessed ingenuously, and to the edification of all.* The same truth was taught by the second council of Orange, in the sixth century; and the very words of St. Augustin, used by this council, the venerable council of Trent adopted. * Lib. de Praedestinatione, ss. c. 3. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Vi)U Sfc, therefore, deiirly lieloved liretliren, Iidvv ardently G(k1 has loved us, taking pity on our poverty, giving to us the principle of life everlasting, and bestowing on us the adoption of sonshipl For it is l)y this gift of faith that we are called and are the sons of God. Such being the case, dearly beloved, we have, in consecjuence, a two-fold duty; a duty of preserving this faith for ourselves and those under our charge, and a duty of spreading this faith among those who are outside the unity of the church. And first, with regard to our duty of preserving the faith for ourselves, and for those dejiending on us, we are to study- the means suitable for that end. The words of Christ to his apostles and those to his disciples immediately occur to us: "Go teach all nations," Matt, xxviii, 19; and " Who hears you hears me," Luke x, 16. In this obedience, in this jiious disj>osition to believe, whereby we heed the voice of our Pastor, and follow hnn, the security of our faith is founded. This is no difficult task for us; for you know well, dearly beloved brethren, that our Lord gave explicitly to the Apostle Peter the office of teaching, when, in the presence of the other apostles, he said: " I have prayed for thee that thy faith fail not." * * * " Confirm thy brethren," Luke xxii, 32. From these words it is clear that Peter and his successors had [)ower to teach to the end of the world; that we have imposed on us a duty of obeying; and that Peter and his successors perform their ofifice when teaching the whole church, without danger of error. The Angelic Doctor, St. Thomas Aquinas, understood this well; for he wrote, commenting on the above words: "The faith of the church cannot fail, since the Lord said to Peter, I have jjrayed for thee that thy faith fail not," Qa. Qae. Quaest, II,art. vi. The tEcumenical council of the Vatican confirmed, by the assistance of the Holy Ghost, this doctrine, defining the infallibility of the sovereign Pontiff. This teaching was not new, but, on the contrary, entirely consistent with the principles of the first ages of Chris- tianity. We shall say nothing of the words of Pope St. Clement, writing to the Cor- inthians in danger of schism, St. John, the apostle, being still alive, and telling them they were to observe what he had prescribed for them in the Holy Spirit. We shall say nothing of what St. Cyprian writes, speaking of the unity of the church. The beginning is from unity, and the primacy is given to Peter, that the church may be shown to be one. We shall even omit speaking of the remarkable passage of St. Augustin to the Pilgrims: "The acts of two councils have been sent to Rome; thence the answers have come; the matter is at an end; would that once for all error would cease." Nor shall we delay in speaking of the letter of St. Jerome to Pope Damasus, where this holy and most learned man, of sublime intellect, and well acquainted with almost all the churches of his day, distinctly writes: "I, fol- lowing as first no one but jChrist, am joined in communion with your holiness, that is, with the cathedra of Peter; I know the church is built on that rock. Whosoever eats the lamb outside of this house is profane. * * * Whosoever does not gather with thee, scattereth; that is, whosoever is not of Christ belongs to anti- Christ." We shall pass over all these. Two facts only shall we mention as briefly as possible. The Christians of the Pentaj)olis appealed from the patriarch of Alexandria or Dionysius, that is from the bishops of the chief church of Egypt founded by St. Mark the Evangelist. To whom did they appeal? To the Roman pontiff of the same name, St. Dionysius, and this is a matter of faith. Pope St. Dionysius, in the discharge of his supreme duty, informed the patriarch of the accusation laid 7 ~(Trr) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY against him, and after receiving his exculpation, declared him not guilty. Having heard the sentence of the Roman pontiff, these Christians of the third century withdrew their charges and obeyed the patriarch. At the same time the faithful of Rome were establishing their cemeteries and ornamentmg them with sacred symbols. Nothing is to be seen more frequently in these catacombs than the figure of a man striking a rock with a rod, and water gushing out from the rock. What is this figure? Certainly not Christ, who is, as St. Paul says, the rock struck with the rod; "the rock was Christ." Nor is it Moses, save as a figure, for Moses belongs to the old dispensation. There remains the antitype Peter, of whom this is in reality the image; for there have been found in these cemeteries paintings on glass, representing a man with a rod striking a rock, from which water flows, and over the head of the man they have the name " Petrus." These Christians of the Roman church thought that Peter in the New Law held the place of Moses in the Old Dispensation. Nor did the Romans only so judge, for that old writer of the church of Syria, St. Ephrem, m his sermon on the Transfiguration of our Lord, making a comparison between Moses, who was speaking with Christ and St. Peter, does not hesitate to say that Moses was the economus, or administrator of the Father, while Peter is the procurator, or agent, of the Son, even of God. It becomes us, therefore, dearly beloved brethren, to have the spirit of these early Christians, and to cherish it. Let us not like wanton children refuse to harken to the voice of our Father and teacher; let us not, with mdocility and rebel- lious m^nd, look with suspicion on the acts of our Supreme Pastor; let us not, elated by the pride of self-conceit, put ourselves, as it were, on our guard against our Father, as against an enemy. Let us, the rather, as children filled with reverence, respect his voice, if possible anticipating his wishes, wit^i that dispostion which is a gift of the Holy Spirit, from whom it comes, that we dwell together of one mind, in our Father's house. Whoever has such a disposition will never be cause of grief or sadness to our holy mother, the church. But the faith is, moreover, to be kept inviolate for those who depend on us, for the children, the hope of the church, whose minds, in their tender years, receive, like soft wax, every impression. How is the faith to be preserved for them, save by Catholic education? If you wish your children to be truly Catholics, you must neglect nothing that may guard them against the pestiferous spirit of unbelief and the contagion of bad example. The learned Cardinal Paliavicini, in his history of the council of Trent, wisely observes, that citizens are what their education makes them. A most true remaik. For experience teaches that, at least, ordinarily speaking, men receive in their earliest years the impulse that rules and directs their whole life. Thus, Catholic education brings with it a two-fold advantage: while it imbues youth with sound Catholic doctrine, it also makes them good cit- izens — a most desirable thing in this republic of ours, inasmuch as this form of government allows the greatest liberty — license, in fact, whence there arises danger to the safety of the country. For if " the throne is made strong by justice," Prov. xvi' 12, by injustice and by vice government is overthrown. Religion, education of youth, is therefore the more necessary, the freer is the form of government; lest, owing to neglect of education of this sort, the whole edifice of the state, under- mined by vice, crumbles to pieces. But while we speak of the citizenship of this world we must not forget, dearly beloved brethren, that we have here no perma- (Tl2r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. nent citizenship, but look for aiU)llic;r. For we are fellow-citizens of the Saints, and of the household of God. Our true country is heaven, where an unending life awaits us. We arc- to Ix- citizens of that country, and of the citizens of that coun- try it is more truly to be said, they are what th<-ir education made them. Lift up your eyes on high; see the saints who reign with God, and give such an education to your children as will render them worthy of their company. We acknowledge, dearly beloved, that we, reading of our diocese, we have had no greater consola- tion than what was derived from the fact of so many children of both sexes receiv- ing a sound Catholic education. We thank God for this, and we delight in prais- ing the provident care of our illustrious i)redecessors, and the zeal of those engaged in teaching. Moreover, that you may know how acceptable to us is this exem- plary assiduity in the attendance in the schools, and of those who direct them, we have asked the sovereign |)ontiff, Pope Leo Xlll, his apostolic benediction for all those who have in any way interested themselves m these schools, as well as for the scholars, and tliis blessing the vicar of Christ has given with marks of special commendation. What we have written above, dearly beloved brethren, regards you who are certainly our cliief care. We are not, however, to neglect those who have not yet tasted of the gift of God, but whom we embrace in christian charitv, and whom l)oth you and we earnestly desire to see belonging to the flock of Christ. Were- anything needed to kindle your zeal for these souls, it would be enough to think of their condition. We shall say nothing of those who have once doubted, and who- refuse to heed the voice of conscience; they resist the Holy Spirit. We speak of those who in good faith have followed non-Catholic tenets, and belong to various sects. These are the larger portion of the people within the limits of our diocese. If any one should say that the people of the United States, because of their innum- erable religious divisions and of the ease with which anyone endowed with talent and elocjuence can find hearers, are light and by no means zealous of religion, he would be wide of the mark. It is far otherwise. Since the principle of private judgment has logically wrought its result, it is only consistent that each one should al)ound in his own view, should reject authority in matters of faith, and follow his. opinion. That hearers are so numerous is a proof of the desire in each one tO' know religious truth and embrace it. We are to have this steadilybefore our eyes. For when we recall to mind this fact, we shall more easily bear with our non-Cath- olic brethren, even acting against us, knowing that they are acting according to conscience, since they think they aredomga service to God. With that good faith which has been brought about in them by early education, and by circumstances of life, we shall abstain from all bitterness and curb our tongue lest it speak harshly. Nay, more: Moved by charity and mercy for them, we shall do all we cart to have them come into fold. We should be urged to this, especially by the con- sideration of the state of those even who have been rightly baptized, and are still outside the church in the fullness of their good faith. They are all, in fact, in real danger of losing their souls. Though it may sometimes happen that non-Catholics live so justly as not to have lost the first grace of baptism, it would be rash to say that this is of conmion occurrence. For if those who are in the church must not unfrequently accuse themselves of sin, what is to be said of those who have not the means of salvation instituted by Christ? Non-Catholics have not the Holy Tribunal of Penance for the remission of sin committed after baptism; they have ~1M) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY not the Sacrament of the body of the Lord, whence Hfe is given us; they have not the sacramentals, indulgences, and those other beautiful practices that reveal to us the love of the heart of Jesus, and through which our exile on earth receives help and consolation. Being without these aids, they can be saved only by extraordi- nary means. No one, however, has a right to extraordinary means, for God has not promised them; how rash, therefore, it is to look for them, there is none who may not understand. We, who have received the light, must, therefore, come to the assistance of these our brethren; we must embrace them in the bowels of the charity of Christ; we must bear with them even when rising up against us; in hue, we must do all things to them, as St. Paul says, to gain them for Christ. To succeed in this there is certainly nothing better adapted than they should see in us an example of vir- tue. The heathen used to say of the early Christians, as you are aware, "behold! how they love one another!" If those who are outside the church will have seen always in us christian charity, brotherly love, unity of mind, freedom from all party spirit, there is no doubt but they will begin to admire our faith, then love it, and finally be induced to embrace it. To example must be joined instruction in the faith. Not to everyone does this office belong. To you it pertains, priests of God, on whom God has bestowed His .Spirit, giving increase to the seed planted by you. Not only are you to instruct those that belong to us; but on fitting occasions we must zealously care for those without the church, explaining clearly those points of revelations that may •enlighten them, and show them the way of salvation. In the discharge of this duty, you well understand how important it is to abstain from all censure, and from every word that may in any manner irritate. Let everything be done under the guidance of charity, and the blessing of God will descend upon your work and make it profitable unto eternal life for yourself and for others. In reading over the list of churches, of religious houses, of the regular clergy and of the virgins consecrated to God, as well as of other institutions of christian ■charity in our diocese, we are struck with the fact that so many important works •could have been completed in so short a time. We are not ignorant, dearly beloved brethren, of the great sacrifices you were obliged to undergo before effect- mg so much. These churches and institutions reflect honor on you in the sight of God and in the sight of men. Posterity will call this century the golden age of our church in America. But not for all this are we to rest; much yet remains to be done. As long as one remains who is not of the fold, we labor. In a special manner must we sedulously and earnestly direct our energies that the little ones of the flock do not perish through neglect on our part. All this imposes on us a very heavy burden; but we must bear it manfully. Do not give with regret of your ■earthly substance, dearly beloved brethren, for purposes so acceptable to Almighty God. For those gifts of this world, he who is the giver of all good gifts will repay a hundred fold with spiritual treasurers, and will lay up for you riches to ornament that life which lasts not seventy or eighty years, but is eternal. While, brethren, you are engaged in the works of such moment, we know that you by no means forget our Father, and the supreme head of the church, Leo, by Divine Providence the XIII of the name, but that in all your prayers you beseech Almighty God for him. We exhort you to perform this sacred duty yet more earnestly. For in these times, full of sorrow for the Roman church, the IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Holy Spirit has placed him in the chair of Peter, where by word and by example^ followini,^ in the footsteps of his inniieciiate predecessor, of holy memory, he is guardmg with the greatest fortitude the rights of the church. Therefore, pray to God His holy spirit may ever be present in His Vicar with his holy gifts, so that he may worthily lead the flock of Christ in the way of salvation, and keep it from every appearance of evil. That a merciful God may aid us in our work in the cause of religion, let us observe faithfully the laws of the church, which are the means of knowing God's will and of doing it. Let us follow the spirit of the church, the guide of our life, for she has the spirit of God. Let us adopt the customs approved by her prayers, devout practices of every kind. Let us cherish especially devotion towards the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and towards the Ever Blessed and Immaculate Virgin Mary, and instil them into the minds and hearts of the young. By the aid of such evotion we shall lead lives peaceful, holy, pleasing to God, useful here and in. eternity, for, says the Apostle, " piety is useful for all things." Let us also pray the Holy Spouse of B. V. Mary, St. Joseph, the patron of the church, and the Holy Apostles, Sts. Peter and Paul, whom we have chosen to aid us by their powerful protection, in the discharge of our episcopal office, that everything may be prosperously done to the greater honor and glory of God, and to the welfare of souls, " and the peace of God, which surpasseth all understanding, keep your hearts and minds m Christ Jesus." Amen. Given at Rome, outside the Ostian Gate, this 12th day of May, 1878, Feast of the Patronage of St. Joseph, and the day of our consecration. (115) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER VIII. EXTRACTS FROM BISHOP CHATARD's LECTURES ON VERY IMPORTANT SUBJECTS WHICH ^VILL BE FOUND BOTH INSTRUCTIVE AND EDIFY- ING FOR BOTH CATHOLICS AND NON-CATHOLICS. ON a very important subject, in 1877, Bishop Chatard, on invi- tation, delivered a lecture before the Leonine Union, the cen- tral Catholic society of the capital of Indiana. His treatment of the question showed his versatility and his wide range of knowledge and reading even outside his special studies as an ecclesiastic. We quote in part from his introductory remarks, and continuing as suits our purpose as follows: TENURE OF LAND AND EMINENT DOMAIN. "It is an easy stumbling-block in the path of those who are wayward, that primarily, God made the earth and gave it to the children of men in common; and that the natural law contains no dictate which says that land shall be in one way more than in another. The theme, consequently, suggests itself to a philan- thropist of fanciful mood and of unpractical ways, how shall land best be held, in common or otherwise.' and he decides that it is far better that it be held as it was originally given, in common. From that to the condemnation of those who defend individual ownership of land the passage is easy. Then the historical student goes to work to investigate how from the land being common prop- erty, it came to be possessed as private property. He goes back till he comes to the dawn of civilization, or to the days of bar- barism, and he hunts for the germs of the idea of individual pos- session, and on his researches others may base heir theories on the subject. Thus, in his Constitutional History of England, Professor oTeT IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Stubbs, of Oxford, goes to Germany and investigates the manners and customs of the Saxons and other tribes who contributed their quota to the invasion and conquest of England. It is interesting to hear what he says, for it is from England, the mother country, that our own common law, which regulates this question of land tenure, has come; though, as I shall have occasion to develop, the idea of holding from the crown or the state, which, it appears, underlies the system, is rather 2, fictio Juris, a fiction of law, and, at all events, merely an accidental mode of tenure, and by no means from the essence of -things. "I would premise, lest there be misunderstanding, that Pro- fessor Stubbs, to my knowledge, nowhere argues in favor of hold- ing land in common. But he quotes ancient writers to sh/jw what was the original custom among the Saxons. On page 19 of vol- ume I, after speaking of the writings of Julius Ca'sar, he quotes the historian, Tacitus, saying that 'possessions of land are held by all, by turn, that is in common, which they presently divide up accordingly to the rank of dignity of the cultivators.'* ' ' Commenting on this passage, Prof. Stubbs goes on to say it is evident there were classes among the.early Germans — the noble, the well-born, the freedmen and the slaves. 'But,' he adds, 'the inequalities in the use or possession of land involve no inequalities in social or political rights.' These tribes, therefore, seem to have held their possessions originally in common, and to have divided them up annually, or periodically, according to the importance or need of those who cultivated them, on the principle that those who had greater need on account of their flocks, or greater merit in defending the country, should be more bountifully provided for; which, I think, all will look upon as the beginning of that unavoid- able inequality in the distribution of wealth which always and everywhere manifests itself among men. Further, on page 23, the professor tells us that the slaves paid rent, which shov\'s that even this tenure in common had its modifications. Speaking of the gradual change from possession in common to that of the individ- *"Agri pro niimero cultorum ab universis in vices fal. in vicis) occupantur quos mox inter se secundum dignationem partiuntur." Dr. W'aitz contends for in vicis. "ITTt") A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY ual, Prof. Stubbs goes on: 'Without conjecturing iiow the change took place, we may safely assume that, although traces still remain of a common land tenure at the opening of Anglo-Saxon history, absolute ownership of land in severalty was established and becom- ing a rule. \\'e may, then, regard the land as referable to two great divisions: that which was held by individuals in full owner- ship, and that of which the ownership was in the state.' The former, because recorded, was called 'book-land'; the latter was known as 'folcland', or public land. "We come now to the period in which the feudal system pre- vails and still further modifies the tenure of lands. This system came from the peoples that invaded the Roman empire, and was founded on conquest. The conquerer allotted the land to whom he pleased, and the holder held his possession or feud from his sovereign, the donor. Blackstone, on the Rights of Things, book II, chap, i, pp. 45-46 (Sharswood's edition, 1875), says on this subject, allot- ments of this nature, ' all sprang from the same right to conquest.' Prof. Stubbs, referring to the Germans (vol. I, p. 35), remarks: 'The military princeps has but to conquer and colonize a new territor}^ and reward his followers, on a plan that will keep them faithful, as well as free, and feudalism springs into existence.' "From what has been said it is evident, first, that the pos- session of land in common, where it existed, was found to be impracticable on a large scale and in need of modification, and it finally gave way to individual ownership; and, secondly, that the feudal, in which all hold from the sovereign, is an artificial condition of tenure. Possession in common, therefore, being impracticable, and the possession by the sovereign of all land being a forced and not natural condition, it would follow, it seems, that neither pos- session in common nor the feudal system is according to nature, that is, according to what reason demands, although not contrary to reason. " What will our reason teach on this subject.' What will the study of the essence of things make us understand.'' " Let us consult the masters to whom the world looks for guidance, and hear what they have to say. " - " - Here the bishop quotes at length from Sir William Blackstone^ (TisT { ^€, IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. St. Thomas, Taletus and Cardinal Cajetan, establishing beyond dispute the correctness of the principle of individual ownership of property, and then continues: "While nearly all who call themselves Catholics will be found holding strongly to this doctrine of individual ownership of land, there are some who unwittingly play into the hands of the ene- mies of the truth, owing to the confused idea they have concern- ing the rights of the state over the property of individuals. They confound what is known as the right of eminent domain with a right of possession to the land itself, attributing, at least in the abstract, such dominion to the state. This is a fatal error; for there cannot be two possessors. The concession that the state is a possessor even in the abstract gives up the whole case to the communist and socialist; for the principle carried out legitimately would make the individual only a tenant at will. It is for this reason very important that we should have a precise idea of what eminent domain is. "It is not, in the first place, a dominion properly so called, which implies ownership. The term ' dominiiun altuni' was used by Suarez and others to signify a certain power, but not to exclude the ownership of the individual. The theory, which originated in feudalism, that all land in England vvas held of the crown, origi- nated in the right of conquest. But this conquest is an accidental thing, >^nd any right which flows from it must have the same acci- dental nature, for it can not rise higher than its source. This theory, therefore, does not pertain to the essential ideas of natural right, to which alone we are to go for principles by which our judg- ment is to be formed. The same thing is to be said about various ways of tenure of land in different countries. It is said, with how much truth I confess I am not able to say, that the land in Ireland was not held in private ownership in early times, about the fifth century, but in common by the people. It would seem to have been a system such as Professor Stubbs speaks of as obtain- ing in Germany among the Saxons. It may have been patriarchal, a system possible where the people are not numerous, and are very closely allied with each other by blood or interests. But just as in the case of the Saxons it was found impracticable to hold land "(119)- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY in common, just so patriarchal systems are doomed to disappear and be succeeded by a tenure more in accord with the exigencies of society and with the dictates of human reason; for, as we have seen, supposing no prior owner, and placing men face to face with the question what they are to with the land upon which they are to dwell, the solution will be that individuals are to own the land, and the community is to protect the rights of each one. "One or two preliminary remarks will help us to understand better what eminent domain is, regarding which we shall consult authorities, as I have just done. Government exists for the ben- efit of the people subject to it, and authority is a trust to be used for the good of those under it. All authority comes from God, and it is to be obeyed for conscience sake; who resists the author- ity of the state resists the ordinance of God. But the state must proceed by law, which is an ordination of reason emanating from the person or persons having the care of the community, and made for the common good. Reason is the life of law. The state, therefore, has'to act for the public good according to reason. Its rights, therefore, are not unlimited; reason limits them in the first place, and the public good in the second place; though the rea- sonableness and the utility of a law^ are, in themselves, insepar- able. The state, therefore, can not arbitrarily and unnecessarily interfere with the rights of individuals. But there come circum- stances in which reason itself dictates that the state must interfere and put in abeyance the rights of individuals, for protection or general welfare; occasionally, in cases of necessity, even destroy property, as in times of war. In the present instance I am not called upon to examine the various phases of this supreme' power inherent naturally in every state. I here call attention to it in regard to the property, the landed possessions of a countrx-, and ask the question, what is meant by eminent domain, the name by which this power is known.' " " "" "" * "" Regarding the nature of eminent domain, as quite distinct from private or individual ownership, he quotes Henry E. Mills, Judge Cooley, Chancellor Kent, and such theologians as Suarez and J. Costa-Rosetti, S. J., and then continues and concludes: " Eminent domain differs from ownership: f, which separates the crypt from that of St. Ca?cila. She was m a sarcophagus, richly clad in a robe of golden tissue, with ornaments of gold upon her person; the delicate body lay on its side, her head, nearly severed by the lictor's axe from the neck, enveloped in a light veil and turned to one side, the face downward, while her arms lay naturally with the hands in front, one hand with one finger extended, the other with three — she thus professing her faith in one God in three persons. The remains were reverently taken up and carried to her house in Rome, across the Tiber, which had been the scene of her martyrdom, which she had left to be used as a church, and deposited under the high altar. There they remained until Cardinal Sfondrati, in the year 1599, by permission of the Pope, in repairing this church, opened the tomb and recognized officially the authenticity of the relics. The urn was opened in the presence of the cardinal and many others, among whom were Bosio, the archieologist, and Maderno, the sculptor, who made the beautiful statue of St. Cascilia, so much admired, which is now under the high altar of the church. Let us leave this place, though so full of edifying and refreshing memories, to wend our way through the labrynth of corridors. Through an opening in the side of the crypt, we find ourselves in a corridor lined on one side and the other with empty loculi. They once had occupants; the marks are there to show that — a tile still in its place or a crumbling bone. Look well into them, and see the nature of the rock; how the mark of the pick, as fresh as if made yesterday, makes it evident that it yielded easily to the stroke. Cold and heat have had no effect on it. We are too far underground for that. W'e pass on. Here right before us is an open door- way. We enter and find ourselves in a small room perhaps ten feet square and seven in height. It is full of loculi. But the ceiling and the spaces between the burial places have been plastered and painted. Over your head you see a repre- sentation of the Good Shepherd, so often met with in the catacombs. At your left IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. on I'ntering you see on the wall a fresco-painting. There is a man with a rod in in his hand, and lie is striking a rock from which water is flowing. The subject is evidently Scriptural. It recalls Moses striking the rock in the desert. But it is not Moses. The very opi)osition, so marked in the New Testament, to every Judaizing spirit, would itself exclude the frequently recurring figure of Moses. The rod in the hand, typifying power, might lead one to think it might be the pro- phet like unto Moses, to be raised up — Christ Himself. But Christ is not the one who strikes, but the thing struck; for St. Paul says: " They all drank of the spir- itual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ. " A matter-of-fact argu- ment helps us out of the difticulty and tells us who this figure is. Discs of glass have been found in the catacombs at the tombs, illuminated by gold and black, which were covered over with a second plate of glass and annealed in a furnace, so as to hermetically seal the edges and so protect the figure. .Several have come to light representing this picture we .see before us, and one of them is now in the Vatican library. Over the head of the man striking the rock is read the name Petrus, Peter. Peter is the antitype of Moses; he is the leader of the New Dispen- sation. So speaks St. Ephrem of Syria in his sermon on the transfiguration on the Mount. Moses, the cLXonome of the Father, he says, saw Peter, the procurator of the Son. * * * Bishop Chatard's lectures, each being complete in itself and the parts much dependent upon one another, ought not be pre- sented except as a whole. The selections given read better when read with the whole lecture to which each belongs. (131) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER IX. DIOCESE OF FORT WAYNE EARLY TIMES FATHERS CLAUDE ALLOUEZ ADRIAN GRELON — LEWIS HENNEPIN LA SALLE, THE EXPLORER FATHER STEHHEN THEODORE BADIN THE DIOCESE OF BARDSTOWN, KY. , ETC. IN this chapter we shall record, on the authority of John Gilmary Shea (The Catholic Church in the United States, Volume I, " In Colonial Days"), the little that is known about some of the early missionaries whose feet trod the soil of what is now northern Indi- ana. These missionaries were few, and were more given to doing God's work than to keeping a record of their self-sacrificing labors. Yet such of them as belonged to the order of Jesuits were obliged to send annually an account of their work to the general of the order in Rome, and these relations are now one of the historian's sources of information, and from these relations the following facts are gleaned. EARLY TIMES. Father Claude Allouez, S. J., was born in France at Saint Didier en Forest, and studied at the college of Puy en Velay, where he was under the direction of St. Francis Regis. Entering the society of Jesus with one of his brothers, he was sent to Can- ada in 1658. His first labors were near Quebec, but he left there on the 8th of August, 1665, for his great western mission. On the following first of September he reached Sault Ste. Marie, and after a brief stay at St. Teresa's bay landed, on the first of October, at Chegoimegon. There he erected his bark chapel, dedicating it to the Holy Ghost, the spot taking the name of La Pointe du Saint Esprit. The population of Chegoimegon was a motley gathering of (T32r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Indians belonging to eight different tribes. When Father Allouez arrived in their midst they were preparing to attack the Sioux. He persuaded them to hiy aside their weapons, and to remain peace- fully in their wigwams. Soon the news of the chapel he had erected spread, and Indians came from various parts to see and hear the "black-gown;" some to be instructed, others to mock and jeer. Others brought children to be bapti^^ed, and some Hurons, whose ancestors had been Catholics, sought to revive the faith now almost extinct in their hearts. The medicine-men were the missionaries' great enemies, and early in 1666 they incited the Indians of a neighboring town, where the missionary had erected a chapel, to destroy it and rob him of his few possessions. He was forced to return to Chegoimegon, where the Hurons proved more docile, as another Jesuit, Father Garnier, had instructed them in the faith. Father Allouez bap- tized some whom that saintly missionary had instructed. The Pottawatomies at La Pointe showed better dispositions for conversion than the OttaWas, whereas the Sacs and Foxes remained obstinate. From their great river came also the Illinois, who listened to his instructions and went back to their distant home bearing with them the first tidings of the gospel. Bishop Laval, of Quebec, appointed Father Allouez his vicar- general in the west, the document attesting his first ecclesias- tical act relating to the church in that part of the country. It is dated July 21, 1663. Father Allouez went to the western extrem- ity of lake Superior, where he met a band of Sioux, and endeav- ored through an interpreter to preach the faith to them. He learned that beyond their country lay the Karezi, after which their land was cut off. He also met Kilistinons, whose language resembled that of the Montagnais of the lower St. Lawrence. In 1667 he penetrated to lake Alimibegong, where he revived the faith in the hearts of the Nipissings, whom the Fathers of the Huron mission had formerly instructed. He celebrated the feast of Pentecost among them in a chapel made of branches, but with a devout and attentive Hock, whose piety was the great consola- tion of his laborious ministry. The Catholic church had begun her work on lake Superior A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY with great energy, and Father Allouez, who by this time had acquired a thorough knowledge of the whole field open to mission- ary labor, descended with a trading flotilla, in the summer of 1667, to lay his plans before his superiors. In Quebec he spent only two days, and then returned with an associate. Father Louis Nico- las, to pass through the hardships of the long and dangerous jour- ney. He bore with him a pastoral of the venerable Bishop Laval, whose authority he had invoked to aid him in checking the unchris- tian lives of some of the early French pioneers. The labors of the missionaries found other obstacles than the pagan ideas and practices of the Indian tribes. The bad examples of some fur- traders who, having thrown off the restraints of civilization, plunged into every vice, produced a most unfavorable impression on the Indians, who contrasted it with the high morality preached by the missionaries. To remove the scandal, as far as possible. Father Allouez appealed to Bishop Laval. The following is probably the first official act, applying directly and exclusively to the church in the west. Francis, by the grace of God and of the Holy see, Bishop of Petrasa, vicar apostolic in New France, and nominated, by the king, bishop of said country: To our well-beloved Fr. Claude Allouez, superior of the Mission of the Society of Jesus among the Ottawas, health: On the report which we have received of the disorder prevailing in your mis- sions in regard to the French who go thither to trade, and who do not hesitate to take part in all the profane feasts held there by the pagans, sometimes with great scandal to their souls, and not to the edification which they ought to give to the Christian converts, we enjoin you to take in hand that they shall never be present when these feasts are manifestly idolatrous, and in case they do to the contrary of what you decide ought to be done or not to be done on this point, to threaten them with censures if they do not return to their duty, and, in case of contumacy, to pro- ceed according to your prudence and discretion, as also towards those who are given in an extraordinary degree to scandalous impurity, to act in the same manner. Given at Quebec, this 6th day of August, 1667. Francis, Bishop of Petrtea. The mission stations in charge of Father Allouez and his Jesuit brethren were Sault Ste. Marie and La Pointe du St. Esprit at Chagoimegon, each provided with a chapel. At the last mission, about this time, bands of a very great number of tribes had gath- ered, flying from the war parties of the Iroquois, which had car- ried desolation around the shores of lake Michigan, as of old IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. amid the nations seated on lake Huron. This gave Father Allouez an opportunity to announce the faith to many tribes, to obtain a knowledge of their language, and the routes leading to their coun- try. The Iroquois were the great obstacle, and peace with them was essential. The Ottawas (Queues Coupees) at La Pointe, among whom he labored two or three years, showing little sign of conversion. Father Allouez at last announced his determination to leave them and go to the Sault, where the people showed docility. Finding him in earnest, the chiefs called a council in the autumn of 1665. There they decided to put an end to polygamy, to abol- ish all offering to the Manitous, and not to take part in the heathen rites of the tribes that had gathered around them. The change was sudden, but sincere. The whole tribe became Christians, and, by its numbers and love of peace, gave great hopes for the glory of the church. To obtain more missionaries and means to establish stations at Green Bay and other points, Father Allouez, in 1669, went to Quebec, taking several Iroquois whom he had rescued, and through whom he hoped to effect a peace between the Five Nations and the western tribes. This happy result followed. In November, 1670, Father Allouez set out in canoes of the Pottawatomies, accompanied by two Frenchmen, and, amid storms and snow, toiled on till they reached lake Michigan. Skirting its shores they arrived at Green bay on December 3, the feast of St. Francis Xavier. The next day Father Allouez celebrated the first mass in that part, which was attended by eight Frenchmen. A motley village of 600 Indians, Sacs, Foxes, Pottawatomies and Winnebagoes, had gathered here to winter, and similar groups were scattered at intervals around the bay. The missionary spent the winter announcing the gospel, first to the Sacs, instructing them and teaching them to pray, having adapted the Algonquin, Our Father and Hail Mary to their dialect. In February he vis- ited the Pottawatomies, convening the chiefs and then visiting each cabin. In both villages all sick children were baptized, and adults in danger were instructed and prepared for death. The winter wore away before he had made a thorough visitation of all (135) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY these villages, and, to his regret, he saw them begin to scatter. He had lived on Indian corn and acorns, had toiled and suffered, yet could feel that something had been accomplished. In April he ascended the Fox river, passed a Sac village with its fish weir, passed Kakalin rapids, threaded Winnebago lake, and kept on till he reached the crowded town of the Foxes, where he was greeted as a Manitou. The chiefs came to the council he convened, and there he explained the fundamental doctrines of Christianity, the commandments of God, the rewards and punishments of eternity. He consoled them for their recent losses at the hands of the merci- less Iroquois. They responded at a later council, and urged him to remain to instruct them. Thus began the mission of St. Mark, so named from the day of its first work. Then he took to his canoe again, and, returning to lake Win- nebago, ascended Wolf river to the Mascoutin fort. Here he found a tribe ready to welcome a missionary. Returning from this excursion he found that by a short portage he could reach the great river Messi-sipi. He visited the Menomenees, with their cor- rupt Algonquin, and the Winnebagoes, whose language, of the Dakota stock, was utterly unlike any language he had yet heard. He set. to work to study it, and to translate the Lord's prayer and the Angelical salutation, with a brief catechism, into their language. Such was the first announcement of Christianity in the heart of Wisconsin. Father Allouez continued his labors around Green bay, greatly encouraged by his reception among the bands of Miamis and of Illinois near the Mascoutin fort. The gentle and sweet disposition of the great chief of the Illinois won the heart of the missionary, who built great hopes on the favor of one who could unite these traits with that of great valor in war. Father Allouez planted his little house and chapel at the Rapids des Peres, from which he attended the tribes on the rivers beyond the missionary station, whilst his companion. Father Andre, attended the tribes on Green bay. In October, 1676, Father Allouez set out from Green bay to proceed to Kaskaskia, where Father Marquette had founded a mis- sion, but winter set in so suddenly that he could not proceed till .(mT IN THli STATE OF INDIANA. February. When he reached Kaskaskia, at the close of April, he planted a cross, and began his labors. Father Claude Allouez closed his long labors by a happy death on the 27th or 28th of August, 1689, in the seventy-sixth year of his age, having been nearly thirty years on the mission around lake Superior and lake Michigan, which he had created. There is suf- ficient evidence of his visits to the country now comprised in north- ern Indiana to claim for him the credit of being its pioneer mis- sionary. Of Father Adrian Grelon, S. J., who probably visited north- ern Indiana, we find the following in the United States Historical Magazine, 1893: The labors and sacrifices of the French Jesuits in North America during the seventeenth century have never failed to awaken admiration and interest. Among these heroic men was a certain Father Adrian Grelon. He was appointed to the missions among the Hurons, a great tribe living between lake Erie and lake Huron. In time the Hurons were almost exterminated by the five Iroquois nations of New York, who had obtained firearms from the Dutch. The surviving missionaries accompanied a band who went down to Quebec. Father Grelon was sent back to France. There he solicited the Chinese mission, and set out for the far east. It is probable that he crossed Spain to take passage at some S]ianish or Portuguese port, and on the way, to his astonishment, discovered in a Spanish convent an Iroquois who had been sent to Spain, educated and ordained as a priest. On reach- ing China, Father Grelon was stationed at different missions, and labored with zeal. He wrote a book on China, which is a curious addition to the Jesuit relations of Canada, being by an old Canadian missionary. In time he penetrated Chinese Tartary, and there, to his great surprise, found in one of the camps a Huron woman whom he had known in America. She had been sold as a slave from tribe to tribe till she reached that jilace. Father Grelon reported this strange circumstance to his superiors and to the learned of Europe, and was the first to afford any proof that -America and Asia at the north approached very closely, as was afterwards found by navigators to be the fact. The Franciscan Father Lewis Hennepin, the explorer of the Mississippi, whose travels are described by himself in a work written for his friends in Europe, in his explorations must have touched the northern part of what is now the state of Indiana, as will be seen from the following condensed account: Father Lewis Hennepin, a native of Holland, joined the Recollect branch of the Franciscan order, and belonged to the province of Paris, France. It was, as he himself says, the perusal ~(T37) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of the accounts of the operations and voyages of the missionaries of his order which awakened in him a desire to follow in their foot- steps, and he was especially charmed with the narrative of the missions in America, which, according to the statistics of the general chapter of the year 1621, had made 500 converts. In 1676 he was sent by his superiors as a missionary to Canada. He began his first labors at the source of the St. Lawrence river at the foot of Lake Ontario, where he founded a church in the vicinity of Fort Frontenac. His genius was rather adapted to make grand explor- ations and discoveries than to be restricted to a stationary life. Leaving Fort Frontenac on the 5th of December, 1678, he sailed up lake Ontario to the mouth of the Niagara river, in a bark of ten tons burden, the grandest that had hitherto navigated these waters. Here further progress was obstructed by the great falls of Niagara, and he is supposed to have been the first European to look upon this stupendous prodigy of nature. Father Hennepin and his sixteen companions chanted the Te Deum in thanksgiving, and on the iith of the same month he offered up the holy sacrifice the first time in sight of the great falls. They were now obliged to construct another vessel, at some point above the cataract, in order to continue their voyage on the waters of lake Erie, and Father Hennepin had to carry his missionary outfit on his shoulders, around the falls, a distance of some twelve miles. They commenced constructing a new vessel at the mouth of a small stream, in the Niagara river, about five miles above the Falls, and the thousands who now yearly pass along the railroad from Buffalo to Niagara may hear the conductor, as he nears this locality, call out " La Salle" for the stream, and the place still bears the name of this companion of Hennepin. The \essel being completed, it was blessed according to the Roman ritual, and launched on the waters of the Niagara, accompanied with three salutes of cannon, the chanting of the Te Deum and shouts of joy. Before proceeding on his voyage, Hennepin returned to Fron- tenac, and procured theassistance of Fathers Gabriel de la Ribourde, Valentine Le Roux and Zenobius Membre. Father Milithon accompanied them to Niagara, where he remained. All things being now in order, on the 7th of August, 1679, the little vessel,. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Griffon, having on board the missionaries, La Salle and twenty- eight others, entered the waters of lake Erie and sailed to the westward. The Te Deum was again chanted, and the discharge of their artillery of seven cannon astonished the savages. They were then opposite the place where now stands Buffalo. The Griffon was the first vessel which navigated the waters of lake Erie, and being sixty tons must have appeared of surprising dimensions to the Indians, accustomed only to their small canoes. The first cape which they discovered was named St. Francis. On the I ith of August, they entered the strait which joins lakes Erie and Huron, and as it extends itself midway, so as to form a small lake, was named St. Clair, which name it still retains. On the 23d of August, they reached lake Huron, in the vicinity of which the Recollects had carried the light of the gospel more than halt a century before. Here another Te Deum was sung in thanksgiving for the happy navigation of unknown waters and dangerous pass- ages. Not being able to proceed further on lake Superior on account of the falls of St. Mary, they passed to the Lake of the Illinois, now lake Michigan. Contrary to the advice of the missionaries, La Salle now wished to send the vessel back, loaded with skins, in order to pay some debts; but it was wrecked, as is supposed, before proceeding very far. The}' were now compelled to continue their explorations in canoes, and, passing by many incidents, we note that in the pass- age from the lake to the Illinois river, they were obliged to make a journey of three leagues by land, carrying their baggage on their shoulders. On reaching the river they erected a fort, which they named Crevecceur, on account of the distress which they had suffered by the desertion of a portion of the company. Here they awaited for some time the return of the Griffon, but she never came, and La Salle resolved to continue the exploration, with the understand- ing that when he reached the Mississippi he should turn to the north. Father Hennepin, having as his companions Anthony Augille and Michael Ako, set out in a canoe on the 28th of February, 1680, leaving at Fort Crevecoenr Fathers Zenobius and Gabriel. After eight days they entered the Mississippi, but instead of turn- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY ing to the north, according to the desire of La Salle, who sought for himself the glory of exploring those regions, Hennepin was obliged, by the threats of his companions, to proceed first to the south, and then return to the north. On the 21st of March they encountered a tribe of Indians, called Taenzes, who treated them with great respect and kindness, and having passed the calumet of peace, with signs of joy, they commenced to pay them the same honors which they rendered their chiefs. They also kissed Father Hennepin's habit, whence it was concluded that these Indians had some knowledge of the Spanish Franciscans in New Mexico, in whose vicinity they now supposed themselves to be. They halted on the 23d of March, which was Easter Sunday, and not being able to celebrate mass for want of wine, they kept the solemnity with pious devotions. Continuing their voyage, they reached the mouth of the Mississippi and the gulf of Mexico, where they found no inhabitants whatever. Hennepin desired to remain here for some time in order to make observations, but his two companions, who cared little for such researches, obliged him to return. They raised a large cross of wood, twelve feet high, to which Hennepin attached his name and the names of his companions, together with a short account of the voyage, and, kneeling, they sang the hymn of the holy cross, Vexilla Regis prodcunt. In the beginning of April they began to ascend the Mississippi, and for twelve days met with no mishap, being kindly treated by the different tribes of Indians along the river; but the thirteenth was an unfortunate day for Father Hennepin. He was taken pris- oner by a band of Sioux Indians and marched off to a neighboring village, where the Mississippi ceases to be navigable, on account of the falls, which he named the falls of St. Anthony, in honor of the great saint of his order under whose protection the expedition had been placed. He was kept a prisoner for three months, dur- ing which time he suffered much from the savages, and was more than once in danger of being put to death. Yet, he did not fail to preach the great truths of the gospel, as well as his slight knowl- edge of the language would permit, and was at last in some meas- ure consoled by being able to secure the salvation of at least one soul, having baptized a dying infant, to whom he gave the name of (HOT IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Antoinette, in honor of St. Anthony of Padua. Finally, in the month of July, he was released from his captivity by the exertions of Duluth, who had the previous year explored the country of the Sioux and contracted friendship with them. On his return to Quebec, his religious brethren were greatly astonished. They had been informed of his death more than two years before, and had celebrated his obsequies with a requiem mass. La Salle, the foremost pioneer of the great west, recognized the Wabash river as the great highway of western discovery. This is implied in his letters to Count Frontenac, written in the year 1682 or 1683, wherein he states that the route by the Maumee and Wabash rivers was the most direct way to the Mississippi. France claimed, under the title of New France, the entire valley of the Mississippi— everything west of the Alleghanies — a claim which gave rise to the French and Indian war, wherein Washino-- ton gained his first laurels as a commander, and which closed with the treaty of Paris. Now the military commanders gave way to the traders, and through the great valleys of the west the mer- chant and the priest went forth together. The first trading post was at Fort Wayne, the next at Vin- cennes, then, in subsequent years, came others between them, notably that of Ouiatenon, ten miles south of the present city of LaFayette. On the west bank of the Wabash was also another, about three miles north of the site of the city. By the treaty of peace, the Northwestern territory was not recognized as part of the United States, but continued to be New Fra-nce. The first western American-born priest was born below the city of LaFayette, at the then Fort Ouiatenon. His name was Anthony Foucher. He was ordained on the 30th of October, 1774, for the diocese of Quebec. The ecclesiastical jurisdiction]of all this western world resided in the diocese of Quebec. Under, this jurisdiction the territory of Indiana continued to remain until the year 1808. In that year, by a decree of Pope Pius VII, the]see>f [Bardstown, Ky., was constituted, the boundaries of which embraced the territory of Indiana. It extended northward to lake-Michigan and lake Supe- rior, and westward to the Mississippi river. Through gradual A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY changes its area was limited by political and ecclesiastical legisla- tion. In 1816 Indiana was admitted to the Union under an act of congress defining its present boundaries, but it was not until eight years afterward that it was established as a separate diocese. The year 1834 brought the appointment of Bishop Brute as the first bishop of Vincennes. His name worthily begins the series of prelates to whom, by Divine Providence, the spiritual interests of Indiana were confided. He succumbed to the rigors of the seasons and the burdens which his own tireless industry brought upon him, yielding his soul to heaven on the 26th of June, 1839, and leaving to earth his illustrious example and his revered name. His successor was Bishop de la Hailandiere. consecrated bishop of Vincennes in 1839, at Paris, France. He resigned in 1847, and was succeeded by the Right Rev. John S. Bazin, conse- crated on October 24 of the same year. His promising adminis- tration was cut short by death on April 28, 1848. The Right Rev. James Maurice d'Aussac de Saint Palais, fourth bishop of Vincennes, like all the early bishops of Indiana, had his origin in the fair land of France. Born there in 181 1, he entered the Sulpician seminary, in Paris, in 1830, and was ordained priest in 1836. In the same year he came to America at the invitation of Bishop Brute. Successful in church work in southern Indiana, he was, in the year 1839, sent to Chicago. He had to face a hard task there; persevering, however, he built St. Mary's church, which later became the first cathedral of that city. Afterward, successfully stationed at Logansport and Madison, he became vicar-general, and in the year 1849 was consecrated bishop. He induced the settlement of the Benedictines, Francis- cans and other orders in Indiana. An ardent, laborious, indefati- gable prelate, it was through his extensive travels and correspond- ence that the zealous and wealthy Catholics of France and other European countries first came to the banks of the Wabash and its tributaries. He died June 28, 1877. The Jesuit missionaries that may have visited Fort Wayne when it was a mere trading post have left no record of their labors. The few Catholics that resided there were visited, for the first time on record, on the istof June. 1830. by the Rev. Stephen Theodore A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of the Miami canal, it connected Cincinnati, on the Ohio river, with Toledo on the lakes. Here the emigrants determined to settle. Locating themselves upon a farm in the neighborhood of the town, the boys united their labors with those of their father in supporting the family. But John was placed as clerk and assistant salesman in the store of a Protestant merchant in Piqua, where his strict integrity and attention to business won for him the respect and confidence of his employer and all who saw him. But alas, while gaining the encomiums of men, he was losing grace with God. Without deviating from the moral lessons of his youth, he was fast neglecting and forgetting his religion. Upon one occa- sion, when the young clerk returned home for a short vacation, it fell to his lot in turn to recite the night prayers for the assembled family. To the amazement of the father, his son could not remember a word of his prayers. The bishop often afterward jocosely said, whilst reciting this incident: " The subsequent inter- view between my father and myself was of such a striking nature that I received sufficient reasons to promise to relearn w-hat I had forgotten. It was a sore lesson, but one which I never forgot." A most effectual change now manifested itself in his -thoughts and feelings. The things of God now greatly engrossed his mind. He began to perceive that those who labor for the salvation of souls were the favored ones of heaven. He even began to sigh to become one of the dwellers in the sanctuary. But how could he acquire the education required for this exalted station, or even cherish a hope of ever attaining it.'' Events, however, showed that heaven had marked him out for one of its own. It was not long afterward that Archbishop Purcell, the successor of the saintly Fenwick, visited the vicinity of Piqua, in order to confer confirmation. On the roadside, as he was riding along, he over- took a lad trudging right manfully in the same direction. Im- pressed with the boy's appearance, the prelate reined up his horse, and the following conversation ensued: "Where are you going, my son.^" asked the archbishop. "I am going to mass, sir. " an- swered the youth. "It is a long way to walk, my boy, and you may get up behind one of these gentlemen," replied the arch- bishop, pointing to a priest who was riding by his side. " Thus," <152r IX THE STATE OF INDIANA. said the archbishop, in preaching the funeral sermon of Bishop Luers, "did I become acquainted with your bishop thirty-six years ago." The conversation which followed disclosed the young man's religious aspirations, but in his situation there seemed to be no hope of attaining the object of his desire. But the archbishop inspired him with hope, and remarked to him: " Fear not, my son; if God has destined you for the sanctuary, and has given you a vocation, he will in his wisdom provide the means. But you must pray that God's will may be done." From that moment the desire of devoting himself exclusively to God's service took posses- sion of the heart of young Luers. He became fond of study, and was rarely afterward seen by the companions of his sports. Gen. M. D. Morrison, then one of his companions, and later a member of congress from Indiana, has related, since the bishop's death: "Bishop Luers, when quite a boy with us in Piqua, suddenly stopped playing with the boys, and this being something unusual, we often asked, ' What has become of John Luers.'' The reply was given, ' Why, he's got hold of some old Latin books, and he is studying them; he is going to be a Catholic priest.' The next thing I heard of him was, that he had gone off somewhere to school." The old seminary of St. Francis Xavier, in Brown county, Ohio, conducted by the Lazarists, a religious congregation dis- tinguished for training young men for the ministry, was the only alma mater of Bishop Luers. To its classes and privileges he was introduced by Archbishop Purcell, to whom he applied to be received as a candidate for the priesthood. He could not have fallen into the hands of better masters for worldly science, and above all for the science of the saints. It was at the feet of the ^ood sons of St. Vincent that his natural qualities were developed by study and sanctified by grace, until he became a fit instrument in announcing the word of God and in performing his divine min- istry. During his seminary life none gave more evident marks of a sacred vocation, none was more edifying in conduct, none more proficient in study. Bishop Luers did not possess what would be called a quick or brilliant mind, but, what was far better, a pro- found mind. He thoroughly understood the sciences he applied "(163) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY himself to, and mastered them in all their depths and ramifica- tions. His good memory enabled him to treasure up all he acquired, and to draw upon his well-stored mind with aptness and facility. The reports sent by the superiors of the seminary to Archbishop Purcell from time to time were of the most satisfac- tory character. To a close application to study he united solid piety, ardent zeal, and a generous desire to devote himself to the service of God and the good of his neighbor. Having been found worthy of the exalted office to which he aspired, he was ordained sub-deacon by Archbishop Purcell in the cathedral of Cincinnati on All Saints' Day, November i, 1846; deacon on the feast of St. Charles Borromeo, November 4th, and on the feast of St. Martin, November iith, in the tvventy-fifth year of his age, he was ele- vated to the holy priesthood. He was the last priest ordained from the old seminary in Brown county, which is now succeeded by the Ursuline convent of St. Martin. He zealously embraced the new career of usefulness and labor now opened to him. Archbishop Purcell exhibited great discern- ment in selecting him, though so young a priest, for one of the most important posts in the diocese. The congregation of St. Joseph was struggling to erect a church, the walls of which were half up. but a heavy debt was hanging over them and paralyzing every effort. In this emergency Archbishop Purcell appointed the young priest pastor of the new and struggling congregation. From that moment new life was infused into the enterprise, and it was not long before the archbishop had the consolation of dedicating to the service of God that first fruit of his labor. Not only was the church of St. Joseph finished, but it was also cleared from all incumbrances. But his work was really now only begun. He realized in his own person a remark which he frequently addressed to his own clergy when he was bishop: " I have somewhere read that more men rust out than wear out; a piece of mechanism is more apt to get out of repair when not employed than when per- forming its accustomed labors." He took a census of the chil- dren of his parish, and discovered one thousand young ones need- ing instruction. He also found that many parents could be reached only through their children. It was chiefly through the rising gen- IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. eration that the faith could be preserved in a city Hke Cincinnati, where infidehty and irrehgion stalked abroad in the open day, spreading moral poison through all the walks of life, showing con- tempt for Christianity by devoting the Lord's day to frivolity, self- indulgence and amusement, and in throwing open the places of dis- sipation to both sexes and to all ages and conditions. Catholic schools were the weapons he used against these evils. Soon a sub- stantial school-house arose, and the children were gathered in num- bers under its roof. He thus had the happiness of seeing those whom he had baptized now reared in the faith, and in a pure and holy life. He made it a rule, while in Cincinnati, to visit the schools every day. How acceptable must have been the atonement for the sins of that cit}', when from the hearts of so many innocent children arose the prayer of faith and love on high, "May Jesus Christ be beloved!" Twelve years of zealous pastoral labor and devotion to the good of his flock rolled around, during which Father Luers won the esteem of his bishop and the love of his people. In the mean- time great changes were being wrought in the Catholic church of America. When he was appointed pastor of St. Joseph's, the three states of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana were under the spiritual rule of one bishop. Catholics were few in numbers, except in the large cities and towns, and did not usuall}- belong to the wealthy classes. Their ranks had been increased to some extent by conversions from the sects. But during the years 1847, 1848 and 1849, causes w^ere at work in Europe which greatly affected the growth in population of the United States, and more than a corresponding increase in the Catholic population. The tide of immigration poured its masses into the United States, and in the three states of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana twenty thousand Catholics were added to our population annually. A multiplication of Catholic dioceses resulted from these causes. Northern Ohio was erected into a separate episcopal see, located at Cleveland. In 1853, Kentucky felt the swelling tide, and the eastern part of the state was formpd into the diocese of Covington. Indiana had not yet increased her Catholic population to the same extent, owing in part to the location and physical formation of the state. Her ~(155j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY shape is long and narrow, being two hundred and seventy-five miles long, and about one hundred and seventy-five miles wide. A trav- eler from Ohio, on reaching the Wabash, would imagine himself in a different country. The southern part of the state, in which Vincennes is located, is high, hilly and rolling; that portion which lies north of the Wabash is level, flat and, in 1846, was marshy, requiring a vast expenditure of labor and money before it could be rendered available for cultivation. Besides the more favorable condition of southern Indiana in respect to soil and topographical formation, it was thrifty and prosperous, and was readily and con- veniently reached by immigrants following the Ohio, then the great highway of travel. But northern Indiana was the route to the great northwest; railroads were constructed across her bosom, ditches were opened at the public expense, and competition of travel enlivened and enriched her territory; and what had been regarded as a vast morass, now became a blooming garden. The university of Notre Dame, located at South Bend, contributed its share in changing the face of the country; Fort Wayne, at the junction of the St. Mary's and St. Joseph's rivers, suddenly became a place of importance, as did also Logansport, LaFayette, Laporte and other flourishing towns, in which churches had been erected and schools established. It was under these circumstances of progress and development, added to the remoteness of the northern part of the state of Indiana from Vincennes, that the Right Rev. Bishop de St. Palais proposed its erection into a separate diocese. The military highway, known as the National road, which divided the state in two, was chosen as the dividing line. The provincial council adopted the suggestion, and Rome ratified the action of the council. It was thus that the diocese of Fort Wayne was created in 1857. The wisdom of the council was still further manifested in the selection of Father Luers as the first bishop of Fort Wayne, a result least anticipated by himself and by the congregation of St. Joseph's. He humbly bowed his head to the mandate of the Holy Ghost, expressed through Rome and the council, exclaiming: " Behold thy servant, O Lord! " He was consecrated in the cathedral of Cincinnati, the same temple that had witnessed his IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. ordination as a priest, by Archbishop Purcell, on the loth of Janu- ary, 1858. The assistant prelates were the Right Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, bishop of Vincennes, and the Right Rev. George Aloy- suis Carrell, bishop of Covington. The assistants in the pontifical mass were the Very Rev. E. T. Collins, vicar-general, archdeacon, and the Rev. Messrs. J. Albrinck, of Pomeroy, and C. H. Borgess, of Columbus, later bishop of Detroit, deacon and subdeacon. The solemnity of the occasion was increased by the presence of the rep- resentatives of many religious orders, among whom was the Right Rev. Boniface Wimmer, mitred abbot of the Benedictine convent of St. Vincent, near Latrobe, Pa. The consecration sermon was preached by the Right Rev. Martin J. Spalding, then bishop of Louisville, Ky. , and later archbishop of Baltimore, Md. On the day of his consecration a tribute was rendered to the newly consecrated bishop, which was a striking evidence of his recognized worth and services, and of the pious gratitude of his devoted f^ock. The entire congregation of St. Joseph's came forth in the afternoon of January loth, to testify their love for the pastor whom they were about to lose, their appreciation for his labors, and their admiration for his virtues. The new bishop was requested to meet them at the altar of St. Joseph's, the scene of his long and faith- ful missionary career. The sanctuary was brilliantly illumined, the church thronged to overflowing. A framework erected in the sanctuary bore, in the midst of light, appropriate texts of scripture; the choir commenced the proceedings with a hymn. The Rev. Mr. Stehle, aided by the Rev. Mr. Sommer, who were afterward charged with the care of the congregation, arranged rich offerings appertaining to the episcopal office on a credence table and an address was read to the new bishop. The little boys and girls of the school, handsomely dressed, the girls in white and wearing bright crowns, the young unmarried men and ladies, the fathers and mothers of families, the officers of religious societies and all the German Catholics of Cincinnati, through their able representa- tive. Rev. Father Otto Jair, O. S. F., later vicar-general of the diocese, had a word and a gift for their right reverend friend, the delivery of which was interspersed with music from the choir. It was a heart -offering from all present to the merit and virtues of "(157). A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY the faithful pastor now leaving them. The archbishop and the right reverend bishops of Vincennes and Covington, who were in the sanctuary, were deeply affected by this exhibition of an entire peo- ple's gratitude and faith. A large delegation of both Catholics and Protestants from Fort Wayne met the congregation of St. Joseph at Cincinnati, and thus voices of gratitude, benediction and fare- well were mingled with those of future joy, loyalty and promise. And after the exercises in the church were over, the newly conse- crated prelate visited the schools, and there to see and hear the tokens of sorrow everywhere visible became perfectly painful; and it was only after repeated assurances that he would often visit them could their grief be restrained. Kneeling to receive his blessing, with a thousand wishes for his welfare, the impressive scene closed. In a day or two afterward Bishop Luers departed for his new home, and lost no time in taking possession of his see, and in com- mencing the exalted and arduous work before him. He arrived toward evening, alone and unannounced, carrying his traveling- bag in his hand, at the door of the residence of the Very Rev. Father Benoit. A day or two afterward, when the gentlemen who had in charge the preparations for extending to the bishop a public and honorable reception at Fort Wayne, came to the house to inquire when he was expected to arrive, great was their surprise, when the bishop opened the door for them and answered their inquiries in person. Their disappointment was lost sight of in their admiration for his humility, while the bishop enjoyed himself mirth- fully at their expense. Bishop Luers found his diocese even poorer than he expected. A small frame church, which had grown almost dilapidated in the service, was his only cathedral. A neat brick building, erected by the Rev. A. Bessonies during an absence of Father Benoit in Louisville, was the episcopal residence. In Father Benoit the bishop found a zealous and invaluable vicar-general and co-la- borer. The diocese of Fort Wayne embraced a territory one hun- dred and twenty miles long and one hundred and seventy miles wide, comprising thirty-eight counties, with a scattered population of 20,000 souls, whose spiritual wants were supplied by eleven secular priests and three priests of the Congregation of the Holy RT. REV. JOHN HENRY LUERS. (DECEASED.) IN THI£ STATE OI' INDIANA. Cross, engaged on the missions. Tiiese twenty churches, if such they could be called, were mostly of the poorest description, and wholly unable to accommodate one-half of the congregations. Many places were destitute of both churches and priests. The bishop seemed to possess the faculty of ubiquity in his efforts to supply their necessities himself. He was from this circumstance seldom at home, and it might be said that his episcopal residence was a railroad car. On one day he would be in a remote corner of his diocese, and in a day or two afterward he would be heard of in quite an opposite quarter, preaching, offering mass, and admin- istering the sacraments. His answer to the many petitions he received for resident priests, was a generous effort to bestow upon the congregations the efforts of his own ministry. He fervently prayed for the advent of more priests in his diocese; and within the first year of his episcopate two priests were ordained for the diocese, and he welcomed them as messengers sent from heaven in answer to his prayers. So earnest were his efforts in this regard, that in two years he could point to eight more clergymen ordained by himself. He had also eight ecclesiastical students in preparation for the sacred office in various seminaries. This supply scarcely diminished the demand for priests, for in the same short period his Catholic flock was increased by more than 25,000. Bishop Luers gave his early attention to the work of erecting a cathedral worthy of his diocese. Father Benoit had already matured plans for that purpose, and in the spring of 1859 the pres- ent cathedral, a Gothic building 180 feet long by eighty feet wide, with two towers in front, was undertaken. The corner-stone was laid by Archbishop Purcell on Trinity Sunday of that year, and such was the energy of the bishop and his vicar-general, that it was under roof before winter. It was thrown open to the thou- sands who crowded to see its graceful proportions, and to attend a grand fair held within its unfinished walls, in order to defray the expense of its completion. Other places soon emulated Fort Wayne in its erection of fine churches, in which they were warmly encouraged by the bishop, who had the happiness every year of laying the corner-stone of two or three fine churches, ranging in value from $15,000 to $40,000. In these works he was warmly A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY seconded by his zealous clergy, most of whom he had educated in the diocese and under his eye, and who were devoted to him as he was to them. He was remarkable for his affection for his priests. The same interest he manifested in them while the}' were students of the diocese continued and increased when he recognized in them the laborers in the Lord's vineyard. It was remarkable that he never spokedisparingagly of any of them, but delighted in commend- ing and encouraging their labors, and in speaking of them in praise. He also took pleasure in assisting them, and in sharing with them the labors of the mission. He would frequently travel all night, at great inconvenience, in order to arrive at an early hour at places where he was announced or expected. On his arrival he would repair to the confessional, and hear the confessions of the people until his time for saying mass arrived. He was devoted to the celebration of the holy sacrifice, esteeming it the greatest privilege of his life. It made no difference at what hour of the night or morning he arrived at a place, he was found at the altar at the early hour of six. He used to say: " God derives more glory from the celebration of one mass than from the praise of all the angels in heaven. Ought not priests give to God that glory, at no matter what personal inconvenience.^" This love of the holy sacrifice sometimes brought him in contact with strange characters and amusing occurrences. On one occasion he arrived at the house of a priest at an early hour; the priest was ill, and was attended by an odd, though well-meaning character as a nurse, who on hearing loud knocks at the door, threw up the window and addressed the intruder as follows: " Be off out of that! Don't you know his reverence is sick, and can't go out on sick calls.? A pretty time of the day you are calling." The window closed amid a shower of abuse on the unknown bishop. He quietly walked, valise in hand, to the convent, where he met with a cordial reception. He said: " There was a man down at Father 's house who ordered me to rather warm quarters, but I thought it better to come and say mass." The visit was well timed, for the good nuns had not enjoyed the consolation of mass in their community for some time. Bishop Luers was prompt, and at the same time prudent, in (162) IN thp: state of Indiana. checking and correcting any irregularities he observed in the man- agement of ecclesiastical interests. A custom prevailed in many of the congregations of having one or more laymen to aid the pas- tor in providing and managing the temporalities of the churches. Bishop Luers discovered that this custom, in several cases, led to enroachments upon the rights of the pastor, and savored some- what of lay trusteeism, which had been fruitful of such serious evils in other dioceses. He resolved to arrest the evil at once. He availed himself of the first retreat of the clergy, and of the synod following it, to apply the correction. He was in the habit of hold- ing a biennial retreat for the clergy; he now made arrangements for hojding these spiritual exercises at the university of Notre Dame, an accommodation which resulted in great advantage to the clergy and diocese of Fort Wayne. He gav6 notice that the next retreat would be held at the university of Notre Dame, on August i8th, 1863; its exercises were conducted by the gifted Father Smarius, S. J., and after the retreat followed the diocesan synod. At this assembly, Bishop Luers, in a few well-timed remarks, exposed the evil he desired to correct; statutes were enacted for that purpose, regulating the temporalities of the churches, the relations of the clergy and laity to the temporalities, and defining the duties of all. The result was the ultimate withdrawal of laymen from all control over church temporalities, and the establishment of peace and good understanding throughout the diocese. Bishop Luers was distinguished for his devotion to the Holy See. He had long desired to go in person to visit the shrme of. the apostles, to inhale the religious and inspiring air of the Eternal city, to manifest his loyalty to the vicar of Christ on earth, and to receive the blessing of our Holy Father Pius IX. He had a profound appreciation for the grand and symbolic services of the church, and had ever endeavored to present them to his people, in his own chaste but modest cathedral, with becoming beauty and solemnity. To visit the grand basilicas of Rome became a cher- ished object with him, and especially that mighty pile in which the genius of religion became enshrined under the magic touch of Michael Angelo, and in which, (163> A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY From each carved nook and fretted bend, Cornice and gallery seemed to send Tones that with seraphs' hymns might blend. He started upon his pilgrimage to Rome on the 2 2d of May, 1864, accompanied by his chaplain, Rev. A. Oechtering, leaving the administration of his diocese in the hands of Father Benoit. His European tour was most gratifying to him, and at the same time most beneficial to his diocese. He visited Louvain, that old Catholic monument of learning, and by his earnest appeals and winning manners secured the services of four young Levites for the diocese of Fort Wayne. At Rome he was received with great kindness and affectionate regard by the Holy Father, who con- ferred upon him a mark of his confidence and esteem, in empow-. ering him to draw up a constitution and rules for the community of the Sisters of the Holy Cross in America, as an independent organization from the mother-house of the same congregation in France. These good sisters had struggled through difficulties for years; it was impossible for the superiors in France to understand the position and requirements of the community in the young and growing west, and nothing but embarrassment grew out of the relation. The Holy See, after long but prudent delays, confided their interests to Bishop Luers, who on his return, with the assist- ance of Father Sorin, provincial of the Congregation of Priests of the Holy Cross, apd of Mother Angela, superioress of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, prepared a new constitution and rule for the congregation in America. His work was approved by the Holy See, and under their new institute the good Sisters have advanced in prosperity and usefulness a hundred-fold. Bishop Luers found in the Congregation of the Holy Cross, with its priests, brothers and sisters, most valuable auxiliaries in the great and good work he achieved for his diocese. He honored and cherished these co-laborers with paternal affection and encour- agement, and they, in their turn, enriched his diocese with the fine university of Notre Dame, and took charge of eleven female academies, an orphan asylum, six religious institutions, and forty parish schools. Such has been the growth of the Congregation {164) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. of the Holy Cross in the diocese of Fort Wayne, that they have been able to carry the blessings of their institute to many other dioceses. They numbered at the time of Bishop Luers" death twenty-one priests in the diocese, six scholastics, ninety-one pro- fessed brothers, fifty-two novices and ten postulants"! Besides these were the excellent Sisters of Providence, introduced at Fort Wayne by Father Benoit, while it was embraced in the diocese of Vincennes. The sisters established, under J^.ishop Luers the . academy of St. Ignatius at LaFayette. Under Bishop Luers' admmistration were also introduced into the diocese of Fort Wayne the Sisters of the Precious Blood. In his visitations of the diocese, and in his labors among his Hock, Bishop Luers was untiring. He frequently went through his diocese, visiting one town or village after another, instructing the people, conferring confirmation and first communion after hav'^ ing first prepared the recipients of these sacraments in many instances himself, hearing confessions, laying corner-stones of new churches, dedicating and consecrating new temples of the faith already finished, projecting and providing sites for other, founding parish schools and placing them under the care of the brothers and sisters of religious communities, and performing every work of the holy ministry and every deed of christian charity. " In all these labors he took pains to present the ceremonies of the church to the public eye with imposing splendor and touching effect. He preached frequently and with great impression upon his hearers Although he commenced his studies late in life, it was remarked of him that in his discourses he gave proof of a thoroughly trained and educated intellect. The progress made by religion in his dio- cese during his administration attests his zeal, his energv and his labor. Fifty churches and ten chapels were erected in the dio- cese of Fort Wayne during his episcopate, in addition to the building of the cathedral, and six new churches were in the course of erection at the time of his death. The whole number of the clergy at the commencement of his administration was twenty; at his death he left over twenty-one priests of religious orders forty- eight secular priests and ten clerical students. Houses of charity and education were multiplied, and the Catholic population of the "(165) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY diocese was more than doubled during the thirteen years that he governed it. Bishop Luers was remarkable for his charity to the poor, and to the orphans especially he was a provident father and most ten- der and solicitous guardian. His heart was pierced with grief at the sight of the many orphans who were left destitute by the Civil war. Many of 'them were Catholics, and while the state felt great sympathy for them, it was but too clear that their greatest danger consisted in the public provision which was about to be made for their support, and which, while it generously provided for their temporal wants, would expose them to the greatest misfor- tunes in eternity, the loss of their faith. Bishop Luers resolved to devote himself to this good work with all the energy and zeal of his character. He purchased a tract of land in the suburbs of Fort Wayne in the spring of 1865, as the site of his orphan asy- lum, and Father Benoit and his successor, the Rev. E. P. Wal- ters, undertook to solicit subscriptions for the erection of the necessary buildings. In the fall of 1865, a solemn jubilee was proclaimed by Pope Pius IX, and among the conditions for gaining the indulgence was that of bestowing alms upon some object of •charity designated by the ordinary of the diocese. Bishop Luers gladly availed himself of this opportunity, by designating the orphan asylum as the object of their charity on this occasion. He -addressed several eloquent and earnest pastorals to his flock on this subject. Th^ following extracts from that which he issued on the feast of the Assumption, 1866, will illustrate his zeal and efforts in this good work. " In our day, many sympathize as little with poor Jesus as did the Jews of old, who only longed for a rich Messiah. They seek Him to this day without finding Him, as Christ Himself told them. The promises of God in regard to the poor are disregarded, because the baneful vices of avarice and pride have taken possession of their hearts, as was the case with the Jews and their imitators in all ages. The spirit of religion and the love of neighbor impelled our forefathers to erect magnificent churches, schools, orphan asylums, hospitals, universities and other like institutions, to give learned men and saints to the land. Within these institu- IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. tions men were trained for the object of their existence, and while the Te Deum resounds within those time-honored walls, it is re-echoed by the saints above, who erected those buildings." Bishop Luers intended to commence the erection of the asy- iiiin in the fall of 1866, but unavoidable delays occurred in carry- ing out his plans. In the meantime he learned that a large tract of land in Jasper county, affording a more suitable site for the proposed establishment, was offered for sale. At the retreat of the clergy held at the university of Notre Dame, in 1867, he announced the proposed change of location to the pastors, who cordially approved his views and pledged themselves to their sup- port. Inmiediately after the close of the retreat. Bishop Luers issued an admirable address on the subject of this cherished work, from which the following extracts are taken: Dearly IJclovfd 111 Christ; Tlu; number of orphans has lately increased to such an extent, that the erection ot an asylum for them has become an imperative riccessity. It is a holy duty, incumbent upon us all, to take care of the spiritual and bodily wants of those who have no longer father and mother to do it for them, and who like strangers now wander over God's wide earth imploring our pity, mercy and love. A year ago 1 purchased twenty-five acres of land adjoining this city, for the j)urpose of building such an asylum upon it, but as yet it has not been commenced. On this all-important matter I consulted with the clergy lately assembled in spirit- ual re'treat at Notre Dame, and as building materials and labor are yet very high, the building to be erected would cost from $30,000 to S85,000, which amount would have to be on hand immediately. To obtain this seems to be a matter of impossi- bility. It was therefore unanimously agreed to accept the favorable offer of the Spiltcr farm at Rensselaer for $18,000. This place contains 933 acres, 650 of which are under fence, 200 under culti- vation, 200 wood, the balance prairie. There are on it two dwelling-houses, one of which contains twelve rooms, affording accommodation for forty or fifty orphans. Experience teaches us that not a few of those who have been raised in the iisylums of our large cities, for want of suitable employment and from other una- voidable causes, have not realized the expectations, considering the extraordinary care and attention bestowed upon them. Here, upon the farm selected, the chil- dren can have employment suitable to their age and strength, and growing up with industrious habits, they can become men who will be an honor to the institution and a source of con.solation to their benefactors. Having purchased the farm. Bishop Luers appointed Rev. George Steiner, Rev. J. Mayer, Rev. P. P. Cooney and Rev. E. P. Walters to solicit contributions throughout the diocese, and to prepare the building for the reception of the orphans. Rev. "1T67) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Joseph Stephan was placed in charge of the property and of the immediate preparation for the orphans. The bishop struggled through many discouragements. In September, 1868, he had the happiness of seeing the Sisters of the Holy Cross welcoming to the farm-houses thirty-five destitute orphans. Soon the number increased to sixty. He gave a considerable portion of his time and personal attention to the improvement of the farm, in seeing it fenced, drained and cultivated. He used to mark out some special w^ork for the children, and then superintended its performance. He took part in their devotions and in their sports. He was ever a most welcome visitor to the asylum, and his visits were hailed with joy and announced by every tongue. He never allowed a Christmas to pass without an appeal and collection in favor of the orphans. After his death it was discovered that he had his life insured for their benefit to the amount of $10,000. His affection for his clergy has already been mentioned. He felt a deep interest in all that concerned the priests of his diocese, and especially in providing for their support in old age. He earnestly favored the plan of providing for the support of aged priests throughout the United States, and called the attention of the second plenary council of Baltimore to this important subject. In the absemce of any general provision on this point, he adopted a plan for his own diocese, and encouraged the formation of the Catholic Clerical Benevolent association of the diocese of Fort Wayne. Bishop Luers on many occasions became a champion and defender of the faith, and silenced its assailants by his sermons and lectures. On one occasion he was attacked by the secular press for his advocacy of Catholic schools for Catholic children, his remarks being grossly misrepresented. He replied in a card, from which the following extract is taken: "It is with me a matter of sincere regret that our non-Cath- olic friends will not understand the Catholic position upon the so-called public-school question. We do not object to Protest- ants sending their children to the public schools, nor to their sup- porting them by a tax or in any other way they may deem tit. We have not the slightest intention of interfering with their exist- IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. ence. They may, perhaps, think they are well adapted to the wants of those who patroni;^e them; but Catholic parents, who realize the sacred obligations of preparing their children not only for this life but for the life to come, prefer to see their children in schools where religious instruction and moral discipline go hand in hand with secular education. Many Catholics regard it a hard- ship that they should be taxed to support a school system that they do not and cannot approve; but in Indiana it is the creature of the state constitution, and until that instrument is changed or amended in this particular, Catholics, as law-abiding citizens, must continue to bear their share of the burden, as well as assume their share of the responsibility." Bishop Luers attended the provincial councils of Cincinnati, and sat in the second plenary council of Baltimore, which assem- bled on the first Sunday of October, 1866. He was one of the prelates excused from attending the general council of the Vatican, 1869. on account of the pressing necessities of his own diocese, and in order that he might also exercise the functions of the epis- copal office in favor of neighboring and other dioceses. During its continuation he administered confirmation in almost every county of three states, and holy orders in most of the ecclesiatical seminaries. It was while rendering services in another diocese that he was stricken down in death. At the request of Very Rev. Edward Hannin, administrator of the diocese of Cleveland. Bishop Luers went to that city, where he arrived on the evening of June 28, 1871, to confer holy orders on some of the ecclesiastical students of the seminary. On the following morning hesaid mass at half past five, and then gave minor orders to three seminarians and deaconship to another. After breakfast he started on foot, satchel in hand, to take the train for another diocese, where he was to perform a similar serv- ice, intending to call on the way at the episcopal residence in Cleveland. A carriage had been ordered to the seminary for him, but, as he felt so well, he preferred walking. When within a few rods fron\ the bishop's house, he fell, from apoplexy and the burst- ing of a blood-vessel. Those who ran to his aid, perceiving that he was an ecclesiastic, carried him to the bishop's house, where "(169) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY he received absolution, extreme unction, and the last indulgence. He expired in fifteen or twenty minutes after the fall. His remains were carried, in a funeral train draped in mourn- ing, from Cleveland to Fort Wayne, escorted by clergymen and laymen from both dioceses. Other delegations joined the sad and solemn funeral at various points on the way, and on arrival at Fort Wa^'ne every honor which veneration, love and religion could sug- gest was paid to his memory. A delegation from St. Joseph's church, Cincinnati, went to pay their last tribute of love and grat- itude to their former pastor. His funeral took place at the cathe- < ?o W K ■* C/) t-^ 1— ( z d p W ^ o w \ 1 IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. they have made in the purification of their own minds and hearts and the refiex condition which has enabled them to bear up against worldly temptations and the trials and asperities of the flesh, and to sacrifice their own comfort to the welfare of the flocks over whom they have been called upon to preside, and to the good work of the church, in the erection of school-houses and temples of worship, the gathering together of the young in the parochial schools and the cure of souls in missions barren of sanctified influ- ences, the holding together of those who have tempted to wan- der from the true faith, and to fortify themselves by abstinence and lives of austerity for the holy offices to which they have devoted their lives. All this and more, Bishop Rademacher has done, and all this and more he will do; but, of all his good and arduous work, this may be considered the chief. (189) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER XII. THE DECEASED VICARS-GENEKAL OF FORT WAYNE DIOCESE JULIAN BENOIT — JOSEPH HENRY BRAMMER. THE Right Rev. Monsignor Julian Benoit, \'. G., was born at Septmoncel, in France, on the 17th of October, 1808. At an early age he was sent to St. Claude, the episcopal city, to enter college. He remained there from his eighth to his sixteenth year, when he began to study philosophy in the seminary of Vaud. Scarce seventeen years old, he began the study of theology in the seminary of Orgelet. Having completed his theological course and not as yet having attained the required age for ordination, he taught for one year in the preparatory seminary of Nozeroy. Thence he went to Lyons, where he taught for four years and wrote for a leading journal of that city. There he also received the sacred orders of subdeacon and deacon. * About the close of his fourth year as college professor, the Right Rev. Simon Gabriel Brute, bishop of Vincennes, Ind., came to Lyons in the interest of his diocese and made the acquaintance of the young deacon, Benoit. The latter was greatly impressed with the American bishop's saintly life and offered himself to serve in his diocese. He was accepted, and after the necessary permis- sion was obtained from his own bishop, he was soon on his way westward. He sailed on the ist of June, 1836. After a long and tedious voyage of fifty-two days he reached New York, and pro- ceeded thence to St. Mary's seminary, Baltimore. He was ordained priest by Bishop Brute in the seminary of Mount St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md. On the day after his ordination the new church at Frederick, Md., was dedicated. There were a great many distinguished prel- ates and other notable ecclesiastics present on that occasion, with (TooT RT. REV. JULIAN BENOIT, V. G. (DECEAS ED.) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. all of whom the young priest became acquainted. After the dedi- catory services had been performed with the usual ceremonies, Bishops Brute. Purcell, Father Reynolds, then pastor of the church in Louisville, and later bishop of Charleston, S. C. , and Father Benoit started on their journey over the mountains by stage to Wheeling, where they embarked on the Ohio river for Cincinnati. After a sojourn there of three days, the journey was continued to Vincennes, which was Bishop Brute's residence. Father Benoit was at once appointed pastor of the village of Leopold, near Evansville, and as the Wabash & Erie canal was then being constructed, he was also to look after the spiritual wants of the laborers on these public works. After a time on this mission, he was sent to Rome, on the Ohio river, where he re- mained one year, after which he was sent to Chicago, 111. , as assistant to the pastor. Father O'Meara. From Chicago he attended Lock- port, Joliet, and several other canal towns. Then he was recalled and sent to his first mission, I^eopold. After three and one-half years of labor in these missions, for which time he had received the munificent salary of sixty-three dollars, he was sent to Fort Wayne, where he arrived April i6. 1840. The remnants of the old fort, Wayne, still stood when Father Benoit arrived in the town of that name. The old council house of the Miami Indians remained; it stood on East Main street, a lit- tle west of the fort. The place was frequented by the Miainis, who lived in northern Indiana, about Fort Wayne, Huntington, and Peru. They had a war-chief and a peace-chief. The name of the first was Godfrey, who died in 1840, just previous to Father Benoit's arrival in Fort Wayne. The name of the peace-chief was John B. de Richardville. He died in the fall of 184 1. He was noted for his shrewdness, both among his own people and the whites. At Fort Wayne Father Benoit found a frame church, rudely built, not plastered, with rough boards for benches. The dimen- sions of the building were 35 X65 feet, and a debt rested on it of $4,367. Half the present cathedral square had been purchased for the church, but had not been paid for. In the course of time, under the management of Father Benoit, the other half of the "(193) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY square was secured, and the whole block paid for. During the first six months of his residence in Fort Wayne, Father Benoit boarded with Francis Comparet, after which time he rented a small frame building and began his own housekeeping. At this time his missionary work extended from Fort Wayne and vicinity to Academy, Besancon, Hesse Cassel, New Haven, Decatur, LaGro, Huntington, Columbia City, Warsaw, Rome City, Lima, Girardot and Avilla, with sick calls as far as Muncie. It should be borne in mind that the only way then to reach these places, except a few canal towns, was on horseback. Help was sent him, as the labor was too great for one priest, and his first assistant was Father Hamion, who died in 1842. The next was Father Rudolph, who came with Father Benoit from Europe in the fall of the same year. Father Benoit had started for France in 1841. Father Rudolph remained with Father Benoit at Fort Wayne about three years. Then he was sent to the southern part of Indi- ana, where he became the founder of the famous Sisters' convent and church-buildings in Oldenburg, Franklm county. The canal between Fort Wayne and LaFayette was begun in 1835. In 1840 it was continued to ths Ohio boundary. Fever was prevalent among the laborers, and calls were frequent for the cler- gy, who endured many hardships on these visits. Father Benoit was twice asked by Bishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, to attend to the spiritual wants of the Catholics at Defiance, in northern Ohio. He represented to the bishop the great burden already upon him, but on the request of Bishop Brute, to whom Bishop Purcell had ap- plied, he cheerfully added the new charge to his already numerous duties. In 1845, Father Benoit brought the Sisters of Providence from St. Mary's of the Woods, Vigo county, to Fort Wayne, to open a school. Their humble beginning in the work which their benefac- tor so happily planted has since grown to great magnitude. He furnished their house completely, and helped them when it was en- larged by a donation of $5,000. He also opened a school for boys, in a shop on the corner of Clinton and Jefferson streets, where he afterward built the present brick structure, as also the old episcopal IN THE STATK Ol" INDIANA. residence on Calhoun street, which afterward gave way to Library hall — all out of his own funds. He also erected the present episcopal dwelling, toward which the diocese contributed about $2,000, whilst he expended about $14,000 upon it. Father Benoit had made some prudent, and, in some instances, rather venturesome investments and speculations in real estate about the opening of the late Civil war. From these invest- ments grew his handsome fortune, all of which he disposed of before his death. To few only is it known what a large amount he gave in secret charities. In one year he distributed nearly $2,000 to deserving poor people who had made known their wants to him. A short time before his death he gave to St. Joseph's hospital the sum of $2,000, and live days before his demise he entrusted $400 to Father Brammer, to be expended by the St. Vincent de Paul society for the poor of Fort Wayne. •In 1848 the Indians received orders from the government to leave their reservations about Fort Wayne and to go to the territory of Kansas. They numbered about 800 and were led by Chief Lafon- taine, whom, together with his wife and children, Father Benoit had received into the church. The Indians, however, refused to leave unless Father Benoit would go with them. But Bishop de la Hail- andiere of Vincennes.then governing the diocese, refused to consent, desiring that Father Benoit should not leave his congregation. Fin- ally the government sent on some troops. The captain called on Father Benoit and begged him to lead the Indians away peacefully; ♦' for, unless you go with them, " he said. " they will not go, and I will be obliged to hunt them down like wild beasts and kill them." Upon these representations Father Benoit secured the services of Father Neyron, the only other survivor of .twenty- two priests who came to Indiana when Father Benoit came, and started for the west with the Indians. The tribe started overland, in the summer of 1849, and Father Benoit went by canal-boat to Cincinnati, thence on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to St. Louis, where he took stage for what is now Kansas City. He finally reached the reservation marked out for the Indians by the government, and stayed in the encampment about two weeks. He returned home by stage the entire route, traveling day and "095") A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY night for nine days in one continuous trip. Out of six persons in the group he was the only one to endure the hardships of the jour- ney without interrupting it. Some time after his return to Fort Wayne Father Benoit was visited by Father Badin, who remained with him for six months. In 1853, Father Benoit obtained permission to go to New Orleans, but returned after a short time. In i860 he visited that city again, and this time remained about seven months. On both occasions he preached the lenten sermons in the cathedral in his native tongue. His visit on this last occasion was to solicit funds for the building of the Fort Wayne cathedral. Just before leaving Fort Wayne, he left $1,000 with. the building committee, Henry Baker, Michael Hedekin, Morris Cody and Jacob Kintz, who, under his directions, laid the foundations of the present cathedral. Together with these gentlemen. Father Benoit, after his return from New Orleans, began gathering a subscription for the new building. Dur- ing the several months devoted to this work they raised a list of $18,000, of which the sum of $4,000 was never paid. About the time the building was completed, a fair was held which netted $2,600. The building was begun in i860. The corner-stone was was laid on Trinity Sunday by Right Rev. Bishop Luers, the ser- mon being preached by Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati. The first brick was laid on July loth. In the autumn of 1861 the stately edifice was finished and dedicated. The architects were Father Benoit and Thomas Lau, the latter also contracting for the car- penter work. The brick work was done by James Silver. The cost of the church, exclusive of pews, organ and altars, was $54,000. From these statements can be gathered what credit is due to Father Benoit in building the cathedral. Father Benoit's first appointment as vicar-general was in 1852, for the diocese of Vincennes. After the erection of the diocese of Fort Wayne, Bishop Luers appointed him his vicar-general. Dur- ing Bishop Luers' visit to Europe, in 1865, Father Benoit was administrator of the diocese. In the autumn of 1865, Father Benoit started on his second visit to Europe, and was absent thirteen months, of which he spent four and one-half months in Rome. He was a frequent vis- (196r IN THE STATE OI" INDIANA. itor at the office of Cardinal Barnabo, with whom he transacted business for different parts of France and America. Twice he was received in [irivate audience by His Holiness, Pope Pius IX. Dur- ing this visit, while sojourning in France, he was offered the posi- tion of vicar-general of his native diocese of St. Claude, but he preferred to return to the people whose language he had labored to acquire and whose customs he had made his own in order to lead souls to God. In 1866, at the second plenary council of Baltimore, Father Benoit acted as theologian of Bishop Luers. At this bishop's death, he again became administrator of the diocese until the con- secration of the new bishop. Right Rev. Joseph Dwenger, April 14, 1872. In 1874, he went to Europe as a member of the first American pilgrimage, and was absent from May till September. Rome, with her celebrated shrines and hallowed spots, was the objective point of these pilgrims from the United States. On this occasion. Father Benoit again visited the mountain home of his boyhood days, but his father and mother were no longer among the living. They died in 1852, ten years after his first visit to Europe. Bishop Dwenger confirmed him in the office of vicar-general, and in 1883, when the bishop made his official visit to Rome, appointed him administrator of the diocese. Just previous to his departure, Bishop Dwenger was waited on by the clergy of his diocese, and asked to convey to the Holy Father their desire to see Father Benoit invested with the purple and with the honors and title of monsignor. The bishop told his clergy that such had already been his own plan, heartily concurred in their wishes, and stated that he would cheerfully present them to the Holy Father. In accordance with this, a telegram from Rome to Father Benoit, dated June 12, 1883, informed him of the honor bestowed on him, and the papal brief was received shortly afterward. Translated from the Latin, the brief reads as follows: To our beloved son in Christ, Julian Benoit, \'icar-General of the diocese of Fort Wayne: Beloved son, health and apostolic benediction. It ^s our custom to honor ecclesiastics who seek not their own, but seek tlie thinj^s that are of Jesus Christ, and to signify with a willing heart marks of pontifical benevolence to men that fill their important and grave office in the church with zeal and prudence. It is made known to us that you excel in these praiseworthy labors. 'I'herefore, we "(197) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY have concluded to honor you with our particular good will, absolving you from any ex-communication, interdict, or any other ecclesiastical censures in whatever man- ner, or from whatever cause, incurred, if perchance such have been incurred. In testimony whereof we, by our apostolic authority, hereby constitute you a chaplain to ourself, or prelate of the papal household, and we place you on the roll and among the number of such prelates. We grant you, therefore, beloved son, permission to wear the purple and mantelletta, and to enjoy all the honors and privileges, and indults, that are customarily enjoyed either from prescribed right or from custom and use. Given at St. Peter's, Rome, under the seal of the Fisherman's Ring, this 12th day of June, 1888, in the sixth year of our pontificate. Leo XIII, Pope. It may be well to state here that it is an old formula of law in the church, that no personal favor can be granted to any one by the church, if that person should chance to be under censures. Hence the expression of absolution from censures which invariably precedes the grant of any honors, titles or dignity. The ceremony of the now Right Rev. Monsignor Benoit's investiture with the insignia of his new dignity took place in the cathedral at Fort Wayne on the i6th of August, 1883. The fol- lowing account taken from the Fort Wayne Sentinel of the date just mentioned relates to this ceremony: The very interesting ceremony of investing Very Rev. Father Benoit with the purple, and conferring on him the title and dignity of Monsignor and prelate of the papal household, took place at the cathedral this forenoon. The ceremonies began at 9:30 and ended shortly after 11 a.m. The procession moved into the the sanctuary in the following order: Cross bearers, acolytes, visiting clergy, officers of the mass, Father Benoit, Right Rev. Bishop Rademacher, and the cele- brant, Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger. The ceremony began by the reading of the papal brief announcing the appointment, which was read in Latin by Rev. J. F. Lang, the bishop's secretary. This ended, the appointee read the profession of faith, after which the benediction of the rochet, mantelletta and ring took place, then the investiture, after which pontifical mass was begun. The officers of the mass were as follows: Celebrant, Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger: assistant priest. Rev. A. B. Oechtering, of Mishawaka; deacons of honor. Rev. M. O'Reilly, of Valparaiso, and Rev. E. P. Walters, of La Fayette: deacon and subdeacon of the mass. Rev. T. Wilken, of Decatur, and Rev. H. A. Boeckel- mann; masters of ceremonies. Rev. J. H. Brammer and Rev. J. F. Lang. Those present in the sanctuary, in addition to those already mentioned, were Right Rev. Joseph Rademacher, bishop of Nashville; Right Rev. Julian Benoit, the newly appointed Monsignor; Very Rev. E. Serin, superior general of the order of Holy Cross, Notre Dame: Very Rev. A. Granger, C. S. C, provincial of the same order, Notre Dame; Rev. T. E. Walsh, C. S. C, president of Notre Dame university; Revs. L. A. Moench, Plymouth; F. C. Wiechmann, Warsaw; J. H. (IMT IN THE STATI-: OI" INDIANA. (;iuii(llm,t;, LaFayetlc; I), ll(•il(^ O. S. !■ ., l.aFayette; C. Lemper, Attica; J. II. Halhe, Wabash; H. Wiedaii, iNew Haven; C. Maujay, Fowler; II. .\I. Pla.ster, Cov- inirton; I). DuehmiK, Avilla; F. G, Leiitz, Tipton; J. ( 'pliaus, New Corydon: li. Roche, .Academy; (,'. .M. Romer, city; 15. Hartmann, Areola; F. Koerdt, Sheldon; '1". Ilibhelen, lK)spital; T. liori;, Avilla; J. (2uinlan, Union City; W. Schmidt. Muncie; J. H. Oechtering, city; J. K. Dinnen, Crawfordsville; M. F. Kelly, LaGro; .\. .Messmann, city; T. \'agnier, Leo; H. Meissner. Pern, and E. Koenig, city. All in all, the ceremony was not only grand, but of an edifying nature. Everybody knows the Monsignor is happy over his new dignity and the feast of the day. Congratulations poured in upon the new [)relate after the ceiremony all the afternoon. The day is one long to be remembered in the history of Catholic- ity in P^ort Wayne, and of the well merited honors conferred througli our right reverend bishop by Leo .X 1 1 1 on Monsignor Benoit. Earlier, even greater honors seemed in store for Father Benoit, but he dechned them. When, in 1871. he learned to a certainty that among the three names forwarded to Rome from which one should be selected as the next bishop of Fort Wayne, his own was strongly urged, he wrote to the Eternal city and presented his rea- sons for not desiring the appointment. Among other things he stated his advanced age, his feebleness and rapidly declining strength, adding that the propaganda could spare itself much unnec- essary work by overlooking his name in the case entirely; that he could not under any circumstances consent to accept any such position. The only memorandum written by Father Benoit concerning the early history of Fort Wayne Catholics is as follows: The Jesuit missionaries that may have visited Fort Wayne when it was a mere trading post have left here no record of their labors. The few Catholics that resided here were visited for the first time on record, on the 1st of June, 1830, by \ery Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin, the first ordained priest in the L'nited States. He was then vicar-general of the dioceses of Bardstown, Ky., and Cincinnati, Ohio. At that time (1880) the state of Indiana was within the limits of the diocese of Bardstown, the bishop of which was the Right Rev. Benedict Joseph Flaget, con- secrated November 4, 1810. His first coadjutor was Right Rev. John B. David, consecrated bishop of Mauricastro, August 15, 1819; and his second coadjutor was Right Rev. Guy Ignatius Chabrat, consecrated bishop of Bolivia, Ju'y 20, 1884; whilst his third coadjutor was Right Rev. Martin John Spalding, consecrated Sep- tember 10, 1848, bishop of Langone, after the see of Bardstown hati been trans- ferred to the city of Louisville, in the same state of Kentuckv The same V^ery Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin repeated his visits to Fort Wayne in 1831, offered the holy sacrifice of the mass and preached in the residence of Francis Comparet, and in 1832, when hi' jjerformed the functions of his ministrv 12 (199) A HISTORY Op- CATHOLICITY in the residence of John B. Bequette, whose wife is still living in Fort Wayne at the present day. The next priest who visited this city was Rev. Picot, then pastor of the Catholics of \'incennes, Knox county, Ind., September 25, 1882 Then Very Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin was again in Fort Wayne, December 25, 1882; Rev. Boheme also in 1882; Very Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin in 1883 and 1834 Rev. Simon P. Lalumiere, who died when pastor in Terre Haute, visited this place in 1835; Rev. Felix Matthew Ruff, in 1835: Rev. I. F. Terooren, in 1835. Rev. Father Francis, stationed at Logansport, visited the Catholics of Fort Wayne in January, February, May, June, July and August. The first priest permanently appointed pastor of the Catholic congregation of Fort Wayne was Rev Louis Muller, who took possession in August, 1836, and remained until the 16th of April, 1840. In 1835 Fort Wayne was visited by the saintly Right Rev. Simon Gabriel Brute, first bishop of Vincennes In the beginning of 1840, Bishop Guynemere de la Hailandiere, second bishop of Vincennes, appointed Rev. Julian Benoit pastor of St Augustine's church, Fort Wayne, having to attend LaGro, Huntington, Col- umbia City, Warsaw, Goshen, .Avilla, New France, New Haven, Besancon, Hesse- Cassel and Decatur His first assistant was Rev. Joseph Hamion, a saintly young priest, who died at Logansport in the early part of 1842. His second assistant was Rev. Joseph Rudolph, who died in Oldenburg, Franklin county, after many years of hard missionary .abors. His third assistant was Rev A Carius, who remained but a short time. The fourth was Alphonse Munschina, who is pastor of Lanes- ville, \'incennes diocese. The fifth was Rev. Edward Faller. Lender him the German speaking part of St. Augustine's congregation built a church and school- house, and that formed the first German-speaking congregation in Fort Wayne. Rev. Edward Faller was the first pastor of the new church, placed under the patronage of the mother of God and called St. Mary's. The division took p ace in 1849. Father Benoit, as he was lovingly continued to be called, devoted himself to the duties of his position of vicar-general and pastor of the cathedral with great zeal till November, 1884. Then he complained of a severe pain in his left ear and in his throat. He would not consent to have a physician called, even though the pain became intense. On Bishop Dwenger's return from the third plenary council, at Baltimore, the malady growing worse, the bishop concluded to send for Dr. Dills, who came and examined the ear, but found nothing wrong with it. E.xamining the throat, however, he soon discovered that the venerable father was afflicted with a disease that would end his days. On his second visit Dr. Dills brought with him Drs. Woodworth and De Vilbess, and the three pronounced the disease cancer of the throat. Father Benoit was not slow to discover their diagnosis, and, with a calm and (200r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. deliberate spirit of resignation, he began to prepare for his final dissolution. "Is Providence desires to take me by the throat,'' he jocosely remarked, " then God's will be done." An altar was placed in his room, and for a few times he still felt able to offer the holy sacrifice of the mass. Owing to the weakness of his eyes he had received, some time in November, per- mission from Rome to use the votive mass of the Blessed Virgin. He said mass for the last time on Sunday, January ii, 1885. On Friday morning, January 23d, the right reverend bishop offered mass in the room of his saintly vicar-general. It was the last time the latter ever assisted at the holy sacrifice. The evening preced- ing, he was at tea with the episcopal household, and spent a half hour with several of the visiting and home clergy in the bishop's room. Then he returned to his own apartments, never in life to leave them again. His sufferings fro.m this time increased, yet he bore all with that calm resignation to God that is characteristic only of a saintly soul schooled in virtue and abandonment to God's will. One of the Sisters of St. Joseph's hospital had been detailed to attend Father Benoit, and she took care of the aged prelate till he closed his eyes in death, scarcely allowing herself the few hours of needed rest during the three weeks of her devoted minis- trations. At five minutes after eight o'clock on Monday evening, January 26, 1885, the household was called together and notified of his fast approaching death. The Right Rev. Bishop Rade- macher, of Nashville, Tenn., formerly the pastor of St. Mary's church. Fort Wayne, had reached the house a few hours before. With Bishop Dwenger, and the Rev. Fathers Koenig, Brammer, Lang, Boeckelmann and Ellering, he entered the room. Kneelino- about the bedside of the dying prelate were also a number of Sis- ters, together with Mrs. Legraw and Miss Rousset. Bishop Rade- macher read the commendatio anima, the others responding, whilst Bishop Dwenger held the hands of the e.xpiring pioneer priest, whose hands in turn clasped the crucifi.x. The last sacraments had been administered to him at his own request, in the full enjoyment of his mental faculties, by Rev. A. Messman, of St. Peter's church. Thus passed from its earthly home the spirit of Julian Benoit, softly (20 1 A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY as the ripened fruit is detached from the parent bough. Yea, still more gently and with better fragrance did the soul of Julian Benoit. on the eve of his patron saint's feast, passed to fruition in its heav- enl}' home. A committee of arrangements was selected from the several churches of the city to take charge of the remains. It consisted of the following gentlemen: Cathedral — H. C. Graffe, C. F. Muh- ler, I\. Baker, James Fox, E. F. Carry, K. W. T. De Wald, P. H. Kane and W. P. Breen. St. Mary's church — H. C. Berghoff, J. B. Monning. St. Paul's church — Joseph Fox. St. Peter's church — George Jacoby. The cathedral was heavj]}' draped in mourning. On Thursday morning at seven o'clock the casket, containing the body of the dead prelate, robed in clerical vestments, was placed in the center aisle. All the da}', and deep into the night whilst the taper flickered toward its socket and the four guards of honor, men selected from the several city congregations, watched the hours away until others relieved them, a stream of people came and went. They took a last look upon the genial countenance, genial in death as it was in life, a last look upon him who for nearly forty-five years had walked among the people of Fort Wayne, the. model man, the honored citizen, the pious priest, the servant of (iod. On Friday morning, at nine o'clock, the great concourse of clergy that had gathered assembled in the sanctuary recited the " office of the dead." At half-past nine the officers of the mass tiled into the sanc- tuary. They were as follows: Celebrant, Rt. Rev. Joseph Rade- macher, bishop of Nashville; assistant priest, Rev. A. B. Oechter- ing, of Mishawaka; deacon. Rev. John Bleckmann, of Delphi; sub- deacon, Rev. H. A. Boeckelinann; masters of ceremonies. Rev. J. H. Brammerand Rev. John ¥. Lang. The following additional clergy were in the sanctuary: Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger, bishop of Fort Wayne, orator of the day; Rt. Rew H. J. Richter, bishop of Grand Rapids; Monsignor A. Bessonies, vicar-general, Indianapo- lis; Very Rev. A. Scheideler, vicar-general, Indianapolis; Very Rev. C. J. Roche, vicar-general,- Grand Rapids; Very Rev. E. Sorin, superior-general of the order of the Holy Cross, Notre Dame; (202) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Revs. A. Messman, Fort Wayne; B. Roche, Academy; L. |. Le- tourneau, Notre l)anie;T. Vagnicr, Leo; A. Young, Auburn; J. Ouinlan, Union City; H. T. Wilken, Decatur; A. J. Kroeger, Goshen; J. A. Twigg, LaFayette; C. Lemper, Attica; J. H. Hues- er, D. I)., Huntington; J. R. Dinnen, CrawfordsviIle;'W. Schmidt, Muncie; D. J. Mulcahy, Lebanon; J. Hoss, Monrceville; C. M. Romer, Fort Wayne; F. X. Ege, Girardot; C. Maujay, Fowler; J. A. Mark, Hesse Cassel; H. Meissner, Peru; M. F. Kelley, Kewan- na; C. Nigsch, Winamac; H. F. J. Kroll, Chesterton; D. J. Hag- erty. South Bend; L. A. Moench, Plymouth; M. P. Fallize, South Bend; P. Johannes, South Bend; C. V. Stetter, D. D., Dyer; F. ■ Koerdt, Sheldon; F. G. Lentz, Tipton; B. Wiedau, New Haven; P. Guethoff, Roanoke; A. Ellering, Warsaw; J. H. Oechtering, Fort Wayne; H. A. Hellhake, Columbia City; J. H. Guendling, LaFayette; J. H. Bathe, Wabash; P. F. Roche, LaGro; J. B. Crawley, Laporte; M. Benzinger, Kendallville; T. ^L O'Leary, Valparaiso; B. Hartmann, Areola; W. Kroeger, Elkhart; J. Demp- sey, LaFayette; D. Heile, LaFayette; F. C. Wiechmann, Ander- son; T. Hibbelen, St. Joseph's hospital, and Rev. F. Veniard, Besancon. Attendants to Bishop Dwenger, Rev. E. Koenig, of Fort Wayne, and Rev. M. O'Rielly, of Valparaiso. The following clergymen were selected as pall bearers: Revs. E. Audran, Jeffersonville; E. P. Walters, LaFayette; D. Dueh- mig, Avilla; M. Zumbuelte, Rensselaer; B. Kroeger, Logansport; A. Heitman, St. John. The following from among the laity acted in the same capacity: H. C. Graffe, K. Baker, C. F. Muhler. Ed. F. Carey, R. W. T. DeWald and Louis focquel. In close pro.ximity to the casket, among others, were the ven- erable Jesse L. Williams and F. P. Randall; Rev. S. A. Northrup, of the First Baptist church; Judge O'Rourke, Drs. Dills and Din- nen, Louis Peltier, Hon. John Roach, of Huntington; nineteen Sisters of Providence, eight Sisters of Charity from St. Joseph's hospital, and si.\ Brothers of the order of the Holy Cross. At the conclusion of the mass, Rt. I\ev. Bishop Dwenger ascended the pulpit and pronounced the eulogy, which was as fol- lows: (208) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY In tht' name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. The words which I shall read to you are taken from the 9th chapter of the first book of Maccabees, beginning with the l!»th verse: And Jonathan and Simon took Judas, their brother, and buried him in the sep- ulcher of their fathers in the city of Modin. And all the people made great lamentation, and they mourned him many days, and they said: How is the mighty man fallen that saved the people of Israel. Dearly Beloved in Christ: There was great sorrow and lamentation in Israel when they buried the great hero and priest, Judas, the Maccabee. There is great sorrow and grief to-day in our midst when we bury the grand, noble prelate, the ven- erable pioneer priest, the truly apostolic man who for nearly forty-five years has zealously and incessantly labored in. our midst, and of whom we can say what St. Luke says of the father of St. John the Baptist, that he walked in the com- mandments and justification of God without rejjroach. Next April it would be forty-five years that our dear Father Benoit has been in Fort Wayne. During this long period of time he has indeed walked in the commandments of God without reproach. In all that long period ot time, whatever part or portion we may pick out, he is to us a beautiful example. We may recall the days and years^we may recall the different incidents—everything will cause us to love and to cherish the memory of the noble priest who has gone to his eternal reward. Many here in Fort Wayne and the neighborhood who have already passed the meridian of life were baptized by his hand; many to-day venerate their father who instructed them jn the holy faith, who prepared them for their first communion; many are here today whose marriage he has blessed; manv remember how faithfully he visited their dying father, or molher, or brolhtr, or sister, how cheerfully, he brought them the last consolations of religion. In truth, it is only a few days since, that a ven- erable matron told me how cheerfully Father Benoit had attended her sick daugh- ter. Forty-five years of constant labor are now over. He has gone to his eternal reward. We mourn to-day the loss of our dear old pastor; of a dear old father, who was a father to all. We mourn to-day the loss of a noble, generous benefactor to the poor. In fact, my dear brethren, a man must be a stranger in Fort Wayne who does not know and appreciateour sorrow. I am sure there is no one that ever knew Father Benoit but mourns to-day with sincere grief. There is no one that ever knew him but loved and venerated him as a true priest of God. Father Benoit, as you know, was born in France, on the ITth of October, 1808, of humble, pious, but well-to-do parents. Repeatedly have I heara him speak of his pious, good parents, especially of his saintly mother; and tears would some- times stand in his eyes when he would tell m-: " I never disobeyed my mother. I never refused anything to my mother." It was especially to this mother that he owed his vocation in the priesthood. As a mere child he commenced his study for that holy office, and endowed with splendid talents he graduated - completed his course of theology before he could be ordained. At the early age of twenty- three he was already selected as professor, and at the eal-ly age of twenty-four he occupied a professor's chair in the Cirand seminary at Lyons. Shortly after the French revolution, when the ranks of the clergy were thinned, for a man of his tal- ents, of his great learning, for a man who at such an early age already had gained such a high rank and jiosition, every i)rospect of honor, of ecclesiastical prefer- ment, was open. It was under these circumstances that he met, for the first time, (204j IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. the saintly Bisliop Hniti'-. the first hisliop of \'inc(Mincs. The diocese of V^incennes, embracing all the state of Indiana, nearly all the state of Illinois, with the exception of a few towns and settlements on the Mississippi, was erected in the year 1834. just think of tliat grand country now dotted with churches, now embracing the tlioceses of \'incennes, of Kort Wayne, of Chicago, of Peoria, of Alton — that grand country was then a mere wilderness. There were only two priests in that whole district, and a third one was allowed to remain a short time. It was under these circumstances that that saintly bishop went to Europe to gather apostolic men, who would come with him to preach the gospel. It was in the house of a merchant that father Benoit met the saintly bishop, who, attracted by liis sanctity and by his learning, invited him to occupy his apartments in the sem- inary. He became his host; he attended him on a pilgrimage to Our Lady of Fouvrieres near Lyons, and at that celebrated pilgrimage, after serving the mass of that apostolic bishoj), he offered his services- " Vou," the saintly Bishop Brute told him, " are a spoiled child; you will never do for the missions in America; you are accustomed to all comforts; you have such a beautiful position, but in Amer- ica I can offer you nothing but corn bread and bacon, and not enough of that. There will be many a night when you will have no shelter, many a night when you will have no bed, many a day and night when you will have to be on horseback through the wilderness." Father Benoit mere' y answered. " Monseigneur, if you can do it, why cannot I ? If you can make a sacrifice and do it for the love of God, why should not I, a young man, be able to do it ? " " Well, then, come in the name of God," the holy bishop said, and he did come. He came to this country in the year 1836, and remained at first with the Sulpitians to study the English lan- guage, and was ordained the 24th of April, 1837. My dear brethren, we admire the faith of Abraham when he left his father's house, when he left his kindred, when he went at the command of God into a strange country. The holy scriptures speak of this faith and its reward, but, my dear brethren, we do not appreciate that grand, noble faith that animated these pioneer missionaries when they bade farewell to father and mother, when they bade farewell to kindred, to all that the world loved and appreciated, when they went into a strange country, into a mere wilderness, when they went with the absolute certainty that privations of every kind would be their lot, when they knew beforehand that work of the most severe nature would be demanded of them. When preaching the funeral sermon of one of his com- panions, one of these same missionaries that left France with him in 1836 — when I preached the funeral sermon t)f Bjshop de Saint Palais^ I alluded to this grand faith which animated these pioneer priests, the grand faith that strengtiiened and nerved them to bid farewell to all, and I alluded to what is said of Joseph in Egypt, that he went to a land whose language he knew not— a strange country, a strange language, bidding farewell to all - it is a sacrifice that few of us appreci- ate and understand. Father Benoit was with me at the funeral, and when I said this he told me, with tears in his eyes: " I had the courage to come to America, to forsake all; I had the courage to work for God"s honor and glory; with a sincere pang I bade farewell to father and mother; but I did feel homesick when I was in a strange country, the language of which I did not know." Father Benoit, as you all j^erhaps have heard, for the first two years and a half attended the missions in the southern part of the state, mostly on the Ohio (205) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY river and in its neighborhood. During;; this time, as he told nie rejieatedly, he had" the magnificent sum of sixty-three dollars in two years and a half. Ashe told me, " My business talents had to be developed; 1 had to see how to keep from starva- tion." After some time he was sent uj) to Chicago and in that neighborhood to attend the poor scattered Catholics that lived there. Of course, there were no railroads; of course, the whole distance had to be travele 1 on horseback through trac-sless forests and waste prairies, and only a few days before his deith he told of a beautiful incident that happened on that trip, when, late in the afternoon, he had lost his way, and coming, tired and weary, to a lonely dwelling in the wilder- ness, he begged for shelter for the night, stating that it was impossible for him to go any further. The man said, "Stranger, it is hardly possible; I have but a poor hut; I have no bed to offer." Father Benoit said to him, "Merely let me have shelter for my horse. I will lie down on the floor or in the hay loft; any place at all." "Stranger," says he, " if you are so easily satisfied, you are welcome. Put uji your horse, but I can not well entertain you, for my wife is on her death-bed." He went into the house and was astonished to see some few Catholic pictures. He addressed the sick woman with words of sympathy. He told her, " It appears to me you are a Catholic." " I am," said the poor woman. "Now, would you not wish before you dit- to see a priest?" "Oh, this has been my prayer for seventeen years I have asked the intercession of the Blessed Virgin that I might see a priest before I die It is many and many a year since I have seen one. I have had no opportunity for receiving the sacraments " 1-ather Benoit then told her, " Your prayer has l)een heard, for 1 am a Catholic jjriest. I am lost in the woods and it is God who has brought me here." He con- soled her; he heard her confession. There were three children. He found that they were perfectly instructed in their catechism, but that they had never received any sacraments. He remained up nearly that whole night and the next day, to l)repare the mother and children, and the second day he gave the last sacraments to the mother and gave the first communion to the children, and the poor woman was in perfect ecstacy of bliss that she had that consolation for which she had ju-ayed so many and many years, and whilst Father Benoit was taking his cu]) of coffee preparatory to leaving, the poor woman (juietly slept away. What noble testimony to this pious woman that her children were well instructed in their faith. As you well know. Father Uenoit came to Fort W'avne the KUh of April, 1*40. He was the only j^riest in this nortneastern portion of Indiana. He had to attend the Catholics as far east as Defiance, as far as LaGro to the north, and to the south almost to an indefinite extent. We hardly appreciate, espec- ially we of the younger clergy, unless we are ]jlaccd in (;xcei)tional circum- stances, we cannot appreciate the labor of these pioneer priests. Father Benoit very often told me himself, he would say mass in Fort Wayne, and then the same morning ride to Huntington or Decatur, and there say mass, of course fasting, l>reaching and att nding to all the work. I very often heard him sav, " If we had a sick call, if it was only twenty miles, we thought it but a moderate distance, and did not think it a great hardship. But when it was sixty, seventv or eighty miles, when we had to be out day and niijit then very often it was really hard." We, do not appreciate tht: liardshijjs of these pioneer missionaries, because then the newly arrive:! emigrants were not yet acclimated, and we'-e but poorly sheltered IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. and lioust'd, haviiiy; such jjoor wells and drinkiiLj llic surface water, and there was more sickness, there was mow inahiria.and there were more sick calls at that time tiian there are now. And yet where is there any one who can say tliat he did not cheerfully go, however ditlicult it niij,dit have been? Who ran tell the hardships endured durini;^ so many years? Who can tell the work that has been jierformed in this i^rand district where, under the eyes of Father Henoit, so many churches and so many congregations have sprung up? Oh, these noble apostolic men, who cast the seed of the word of God in sorrow, not cmiIv with the sweat of their l)row, but often moistened by bitter tears, which weakness, fatigue and sickness would force from them. They cast the seed of the word of God in sorrow, but Father Henoit had the consolation of se ing the fruit of his labors spring up around him. The churches, the congregations, and certainly you will agree with me, the salva- tion m Israel, the growth of the church in northeastern Indiana, is attributal)le to a great extent prin:ipally, I dare say, of course under the Providence of God, whose humble instruments we are is attributable to the n()])le old priest to whom we show our last honors to-day. Fort Wayne was but small at the time. It grew u]) under his eye, and vo.i all know what interest he took with every one. The Indians considered him their father and friend, and he was their friend. He risked his life for them and barely escaped death on account of liis true attachment and honesty towards the Indians. He was a friend of every one That is the beauty of his character. We may recall those five and forty years of Father Benoit's life; we may recall any incident: everything shines with brightness, witli that halo of a true priest The worst we can say is that his frank candor, his truthfulness, sometimes hurt. But now, when we look at his remains, when we look at those cold lips, cold in death, which were ever truthful, ever honorable, lips which never spoke a dishonorable wonl, which had a kind word for every one, whether Catholic or not, we venerate the saintly priest. When we look at that countenance so kind to every one. that C( untenance which your little children loved to look upon, when you remember that it was your greatest happiness if you could even slip away from your father or mother to visit Father Benoit anray for him. He wished rather that something should be given to the poor or to the orjihans. (2T0)" IN' Tin-: STATi: 0|- INDIANA. It was his (icsirc to l)c l)iiii((l ilu-|-c at tlic loot dl the ctMUiminion railing ; tlif \i'iy spot vvluTc \vc l)uiy him lie selected himself. It was his desire ; and it was his desire that a slal) shoidd he put there to rciniinl those who ljo to holy com- munion tlint they should pray for their old pastor. \'oii will see the slab there with the inscription, " I'ray for the soul of Right Reverend Julian }3enoit, Domestic I'relate ol the Holy .See, a true Fatlui- to the Clergy, a generous friend to the poor, the l)nilder of this Cat!iedi-al." In his name, I ask your prayers. And another thing I ask you to remember is his teachings, his advice. When death had its liand u])on him, when ht,- knew he had to die, he was making plans, " 1 wish to see such and such a one ; " not so much his personal friends, but he was saying, "There is a negligent Catholic, there is a poor man whom I received into the church, there is a poor acquamtance who does not go to church and to the sac- raments." He made arrangements to visit these, and when he w-as not able to go he .sent a priest to say, " This is the dying recjuest of Father Henoit ; attend to your religion and serve your C.od." What would the dying words of Father Benoit be to his old friends and accjuaintances ? " Keep your faith, serve your God," and 1 have no doubt he woidd say to us, " In heaven I hope to meet you again." Amen. After the sermon the last absolution was pronounced by the right reverend bishop of the diocese. During the solemn chant by the clergy of the "Libera" and " Benedictus " everybody seemed wrapped in devotion, uniting in a prayer for the venerated dead. At the conclusion of this chant. Palestrina's great Misere was rendered by the choir — consisting of Messrs. Weber, Schulte, Strack, Blaising, Mesdames Arnold and Mommer, and about fif- teen others. The requiem, Mr. E. Noll at the organ, had been given by male voices only. \Miilst the plaintive dirge of the Misere rang through the great dome, rang out as though from trembling voices, the corpse was slowly and reverently borne into the sanctuary, lowered through the floor and placed in a vault outside the communion railing to await the final call on the day of resurrection. By way of digression, it may be remarked here that the last conversation of our venerated Father when with us for the last time in the bishop's rooms, was — " Well, bishop, I came into the world with nothing, and I want to go out of it with nothing. I have about disposed of all I had, and you will likely find that you will be obliged to pay my funeral expenses." To which he added in broken words, with a deep sigh, "Bury me in the cathedral, outside the sanctuary railing, that in death, as I was in life, I may be among the people whom I loved." ~(2lT) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Amid that great concourse of people, crowded into pews, packed into every aisle, a gathering such as is seldom seen within those cathedral walls, a great congregation, sighing and sobbing, weeping and lamenting. Father Benoit was laid to rest. The peo- ple wept, the clergy mourned and the city was in sorrow and grief. May God grant him eternal rest in heaven. Over the remains, framed into the floor, is a marble slab four inches thick, two feet eight inches in width, and four feet ten inches in length, bearing the following inscription: Pray for the Soul of Rt. Rev. Julian Benoit, Domestic Prelate of the Holy See, and Vicar General of the Diocese: To the Clergy a Devoted Father, to the Poor a Generous Friend: the Builder of this Cathedral. Born October 17, 1808; Died January 26, 1885. May he rest in Peace! The Very Rev. Joseph Henry Brammer, Vicar-General, was born in Hanover, Germany, in October, 1839. He was reared in the Lutheran faith, the religion of his parents. In early life he was apprenticed to a carpenter, mastered the trade and followed it for a number of years. In 1854 he caine to America and settled in St. Louis, working there at his trade. He was of a studious turn and of a deeply religious nature. This led him to the study of religion. After listening to the lectures of Father Weber, S. J., and a sincere inquiry into Catholic doctrines, he determined to embrace the faith, and was received into the Catholic church in 1859. With the ardor of a sincere convert, he determined to give his life to the propagation of the true faith and to the conversion of souls to it. He longed to impart to others what he himself had learned, and, accordingly, a year later, began his collegiate studies in the famous Benedictine college, of St. Vincent, Pennsylvania. There and at St. Michael's college, Pittsburg, he completed the classical course and then entered on the study of philosophy and theology in Mt. St. Mary's seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio. On May 11, 1868, he was ordained to the priesthood in the cathedral at Fort Wayne, and was immediately appointed assistant to Father Benoit, pastor of the cathedral congregation. The young priest soon impressed all with his sincere piety and burning zeal for the service of God and the welfare of humanity. During the declining years of Father Benoit the duties of the vicar- ^yC>^, ^; /^^y^^ri^^^^z.^'^^^^L--^ (Trg IN TUK STAT1-: Ol' INDIANA. general devolved upon Father Brainmer, and on the death of the venerable pioneer priest, Father Bramrner was appointed to suc- ceed him. As vicar-general ami pastor of the cathedral his great abilities came more and more into prominence. When Bishop Dwenger visited Rome, in 1885 and again in 1888, Father Bramrner was administrator of the diocese. During the last years of Bishop Dweng^r's life most of the arduous duties of the diocesan adminis- tration fell on Father Brammer, and for nearly four years he worked almost night and day. These great responsibilities, spiritual and temporal, could not fail to have their effect on one who was con- scientious to the last degree. As pastor of the cathedral Father Brammer began, in 1880, an undertaking which had been the dream of his life — the erection of Library hall, adjoining the cathedral. It was a great work, but the abilities of a financier were brought into play and he had the building almost completed before his parishioners knew how he had raised the funds. During a journey to Europe he visited Ire- land and saw the far-famed Irish marble. He at once decided to please the emigrants from the Emerald isle in Fort Wayne by hav- ing some of the stone from their native land in the building. He imported, at considerable trouble and expense, a huge block of Irish marble, and it forms the corner-stone of Library hall. Six years after its completion St. Vincent's Orphan asylum was built, and the grand institution is the result of the disinterested labors of Father Brammer and Bishop Dwenger. It had long been the desire of Father Brammer to subject the beautiful cathedral at Fort Wayne to a thorough restoration, and in 1896 he determined to do so. The work was estimated at about $50,000. Times were hard and the zealous pastor had a keen appreciation of the fact that few of his parishioners were abund- antly blessed with this world's goods. Nevertheless, with the sub- lime faith that was one of his distinguishing traits, he began the work and in a few months completed it. Father Brammer was the most humble of men. The work- ingman on the street, black or white, he considered his equal. The predominating trait of his character was charity. It was literally "I2l5) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY unbounded. The poor he had always with him. They were his early morning callers, and his days were devoted to listening to their stories, relieving their wants, correcting their faults and always blessing them. Sometimes he was called on late at night to render aid and it was never withheld. Color, race and creed were no distinction. All differences vanished when the plaint of need was heard. He has been known to borrow money when his available funds were exhausted in almsgiving, that some poor family might have fire and food. His salary went to allev ate distress, to feed the hungry and to clothe the naked. He has been known to give away his own shoes to a tramp on a cold morning. On another occasion a poor woman complained in the depth of winter that her little ones suffered from cold at night. Straightway went Father Brammer to his own room and gathered his blankets and quilts into a huge bundle, giving them to the poor woman. When detected in these acts of self-denial he would modestly refuse to listen to a word of praise. Instances without number are known of his single- hearted love for the poor, but far more numerous are the stories that never were made public of his unstinted liberality. He saw in the poor the reflection of Christ's image, and, like a true apostle, was ever ready to follow in the path laid down- for him. He loved everyone and in return was beloved by everyone who knew him. He knew no distinction of creed or race, but saw in every one the image of God, a soul to be saved. It was this that, coupled with his learning, drew people not of his own faith to him and proved for many a stepping-stone to entering the Catholic church. One of the institutions close to his heart was the St. Vincent de Paul society, whose object is the care of the poor and needy. Realizing the benefits of organized charity, Father Brammer formed this society among the members of the cathedral parish many years ago, and its record is a noble one. Hundreds of poor families have been relieved through its medium under his zealous direction. A fervent supporter of Christian education. Father Brammer helped to bring the cathedral schools up to a high degree of excel- lence, and maintained a careful watch over their growth, evincing (216) LIBRARY HALL, FT. WAYNE, IND. IN THE STATK OF INDIANA. at all times the deepest interest in the welfare and advancement of the children. In consequence of these arduous labors Father Brammer suf- fered from ill health for several years. During the last weeks of his life he was conscious of his gradual decline and centered his thoughts on the departure which he knew was imminent. When unable to exercise any longer his priestly functions, he gave him- self to meditation and prayer. He recited his office to the last day of his life. Sunday evening, June 19th, Father Brammer sat up with the other priests of the episcopal household. He retired feeling no worse than usual. One of the priests watched at his bedside. During the night a change for the worse was noticed. The house- hold was called to his bedside. His physician arrived, but in spite of his efforts the patient sank rapidly. The last sacraments were administered while he was yet in complete possession of his fac- ulties. He died peacefully and calmly about noon on Monday, June 20th, 1898. The funeral took place on the following Thursday at the cathedral. Bishop Rademacher celebrated a solemn pontifical mass of requiem, assisted by about 140 priests. Very Rev. M. E. Campion, of Logansport, a life long friend of the deceased, preached the funeral sermon, and no priest who at any time ever dwelt among the people of Fort Wayne will be longer remem- bered or his memory blessed more heartily than the good and \'er\' Rev. Vicar-General Brammer. 13 (217) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER XIII. THE CATHOLIC CHURCHES IN THE STATE OF INDIANA THE PRIESTS IN CHARGE AND THEIR CONGREGATIONS — HISTORICAL AND STATIS- TICAL FACTS. IN this chapter will be found brief records of the various Catholic churches in the state of Indiana, gleaned from the most reliable sources, or furnished, in most instances, by the pastors themselves, and brought as closely as possible up to date. The arrangement will be found in alphabetical order as to location, not as to name of church or parish, nor the respective importance or numerical strength or wealth of the congregations. ALBION, NOBLE COUNTY. The Church of the Sacred Heart, at Albion, Noble county, Ind., was built under Rev. D. Duehmig in 1873 and-was conse- crated in July of that year by Bishop Dwenger. It is 28x50 feet and cost $2,300, which amount was partly collected from laborers when the B. & O. R. R. was built. The congregation numbered twelve families in the beginning and has not perceptibly increased. This church was attended as a mission of Avilla until I 88 1, then as a mission of Ege until 1890, since when it has been attended from Auburn by the Rev. Fathers Faust and Boccard, the latter now pastor of the church of the Immaculate Conception. ANni:RSON TOWNSHIP, pi;krv county. St. Mark's Church, Anderson township. Perry county, is built of freestone, 65x36 feet, is situated seven miles from Troy, ten miles from Cannelton and twelve miles from Leopold. One acre of ground with a frame structure on it was bought in 1 860 for school purposes by Rev. M. Marendt. of Cannelton. In 1863 IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA. Rev. Terd Huiidt, of Troy, celebrated mass there. Another acre of ground was secured in 1863 for cemetery. Rev. F. P"riedin"-er next attended the place. During 1865 and 1866 Rev. P. Martin Marty, O. S. B., occasionally visited St. Mark's. About eighteen families, in 1867, under the direction of Father Marendt, began the building of a new church, and on April 25, 1869, the church and a new bell were blessed by Father Martin, prior of St. Mein- rad's. From September 8, 1867, until May, 1877, Rev. A. Michael, of Tell City, visited St. Mark's twice a month. In 1877 the con- gregation had increased to thirty-three families. Rev. John B. Unverzagt was appointed the first resident pas- tor at St. Mark's on July 21, 1877. ^ parsonage 40x26 feet was finished December 20, 1877. Other necessary improvements were rapidly made and the church supplied with everything that could be required. The value of the church property is estimated at $5,600. Father Unverzagt took his departure from St. Mark's church in March, 1879. Rev. Placidus Zarn, O. S. B., resided at St. Mark's until August, 1881, though he for a time visited the place from St. Meinrad. Many new vestments and sanctuary orna- ments were procured through his efforts. Rev. Peter Hommes was Father Zarn's successor and the present pastor is Rev. Peter Baron. ANDERSON", MADISON COUNTY. St. Mary's Church at Anderson, Madison county, Ind., was dedicated October 6, 1895, but it is necessary that a brief review of the parochial history be had before a description of the present church building be given. Prior to, or at least as far back as, 1837, Catholic clergymen visited Anderson from Logansport, and it is on record that the earlier masses were read by Fathers Francois and Bacquelin in a log tavern. In 1857 Father Clarke came from LaFayette and for several months celebrated mass in the court house, and in 1858 laid the foundation for the first Catholic church proper on the site of the present magnificent edifice alluded to in the opening para- graph of this article.- The first priest assigned to the charge of this church as resident pastor was Father Fitzmaurice, who was succeeded in i860 by Father McMahon, who left in 1865 on the A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY ill-fated Fenian expedition into Canada. In 1866 Rev. J. B. Crawley followed Father McMahon in this charge and remained until Auj^ust, 1884. This zealous clergyman on July 4, 1875, laid the corner-stone of the second St. Mary's church, which was conse- crated May 29. 1877. For that day it was a splendid edifice, the size of the congregation being taken into consideration, and still stands, although now used for school purposes, a monument to the indefatigable energy of Father Crawley. This beloved pastor was succeeded in August, 1884, by Rev. F. C. Wiechmann, during whose pastorate the parochial residence was built, natural gas, then newly discovered, was introduced, the school-building materially enlarged and steps taken for the enlargement of the accommodation of the parishioners, who had greatly increased in numbers. But it remained for the present incumbent of the pastorate — Rev. Father D. J. Mulcahy, to carry out the latter design. Rev. Mulcahy was installed pastor of St. Mary's May 7, 1891, and began the work set before him with a vigor that resulted in triumphant success. He grasped the opportunity of bringing to fruition the seed that had already been sown with a view of erecting a building commensurate with the number and importance of his congrega- tion. The site selected for the new edifice was that of the first Catholic building, which was demolished and the corner-stone of present church was laid July 9, 1893, and the work energetically prosecuted until completion and dedication October 6, 1895. The ceremonies on this occasion were of the most solemn and imposing character and were conducted by the Right Rev. Joseph Rade- macher, bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne, assisted by a corps of eminent clergymen and accompanied by a lay demonstration never before witnessed in Anderson. The cost of this magnificent structure was about $45,000, its seating capacity is for 800 people, and its completion is due, to a large degree, to the exertions of Father Mulcahy. AUBURN, UEKALB COUNTY. Immaculate Conception Church, at Auburn, Dekalb county, Ind., was organized August 5, 1872, by Rev. Augustus Young, who came from Fort Wayne. At that time there were only five Cath- (220) IN THE STATE OI- INDIANA. olic families located in Auburn, but the energetic priest set reso- lutely to work at organizing his congregation, and by October 17, 1874. succeeded not only in this effort, but in completing a church- building, which on that day was consecrated by Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger. who at the sam^ time b )ught the pastoral residence, in which Father Young at once made his home, having, during the meantime, boarded with one or another of his Hock. November II, 1886, Feather Young was succeeded by Rev. R. Denk, who remained about eight months, when he was followed by Rev. F. Faust, who officiated until 1896, in December of which year Rev. Edward Boccard, the present worthy and respected pastor, assumed charge. The congregation now numbers forty-five fam- ilies, and beside the care of these, Father Boccard has missions at Albion, Noble county, and Butler, Dekalb county, which claim a share of his spiritual ministrations. AUKORA, DEAKHOKX COUNTY. The Immaculate Conception Church at Aurora. — This large and prosperous congregation, with a membership of more than 1,000 souls, with an excellent school, attended by 225 children and conducted by the efficient Sisters of St. Francis (Oldenburg, Ind.), had but an humble beginning. The first to offer up the sac- rifice of the mass was no less a person than the Most Rev. Arch- bishop of Cincinnati, Ohio, J. B. Purcell, D. D.. and this impor- tant occurrence took place at the house of Mr. O'Brien. On the same day his Grace lectured by invitation at the old school-house. In the spring of 1849 following, parishioners had their first meeting at Kemp's bakery and formed themselves into a congregation : Henry, John, Anthony and Frank Klueber, Bernard Schipper. John Miller, Valentine Hahn, Michael Maloney, Sr. , John and Patrick Maloney, Patrick Garrity and Michael Morin. They met for church purposes at Anthony Klueber's, the town hall, school and other places until December 25, 1857, when, under the direc- tion of the Rev. Father Unterdiener, O. S. F., of Cincinnati, Ohio, Aurora's first Catholic church was erected on the classical site of Hog- Back. Father Unterdiener was succeeded by Fathers Sigmond and Ausom Koch (brothers), both Franciscan Fathers and pastors A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY at St. John's church, Cincinnati, Ohio. These fathers visited the 5'Oung congregation at intervals onl}' until 1863, when Rev. F. Igna- tius Klein was appointed the first resident pastor, and this devoted clergyman worked with untiring zeal for the }oung flock. October 12, 1863, though his means were scanty and the congregation small, he purchased the present site (lots 163, 164, 165, 166), at the corner of Judiciary and Fourth streets, agreeing to pay $4, 500 for the same. He advanced $1,500 on the purchase and at once proceeded to erect a church, 106 x 52 feet ground plan and thirty- two feet high, at a cost of $24,000. He acted in the capacity of architect and superintendent and completed the structure, except the steeple, in 1864. The steeple was finished in 1876 at a cost of $5,000. Too much cannot be said of the willingness of the mem- bers of the congregation, who would gather after supper and place the stone upon the ground and scaffolding for the masons to work upon the following day, thus dispensing with the usual attendants and assisting their pastor with " hand and means." The church is built of stone and brick and has a seating capacity of about 1,200. Father Klein was also attentive to the needs of childhood, hence the school received his attention at the first opportunity. In 1866 the brick school-house, 70 x 30 feet, was built and the Sisters of Providence were asked to take charge. The parsonage of twelve rooms was completed in 1873, after which Rt. Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, appreciating the arduous labors of Father Klein, promoted him to St. Mary's church. New Albany, Ind. The Rev. Ferdinand Hundt, the poet priest and scholar, was next appointed pastor at Aurora. His eloquent sermons produced much fruit, and his elegant taste was displayed in church decora- tions. Beside improving the parsonage he purchased three fine altars and a pulpit — lasting ornaments to the church and evidences of his zeal. In 1883 Father Hundt was succeeded by the Rev. J. J. Schoentruf), who further improved the church and re-arranged the pews to the great satisfaction of the people. His delicate health, which caused him to apply for a removal, prevented him from further exercising the great ability for which he was known. In September, 1890, Rev. J. |. Macke assumed charge, finding an indebtedness of upwards of $16,000, which, however, was greatly (222r IN THE STATK OI- INDIANA. reduced during.,' I'athcr Macke's stay, 189010 189b, and the present pastor, Rev. F. A. Roell, will prove a popular leader and an able Hnancier. The schools now under the direction of the Sisters of St. Francis, are models of perfection and the Sisters give a thor- ough collegiate course and, in consequence, are very popular with the people. The congregation is both tinanciall\' and spiritually in a healthy condition and compares favorably with others in this well- managed diocese. A\ II.LA, XOBLK Cn{\T\. Assumption B. V. M. Church at Avilla. — For some time prior to 1853 Fathers Benoit, Mueller and others had visited Avilla from Fort Wayne and had said mass every six months or so at conve- nient places. In the year named, however. Father Faller, then pastor of St. Mary's at Fort Wayne, came to Avilla and organized a congregation from eight widely scattered families — those of Frank Borck, John Geiser, Thomas Store}-, John Zonkher, George Bauer, Joseph Bender, John Moorhouse and John Walsh — and soon after- ward began the erection of a church, 25x40 feet, of frame, which church was dedicated by Right Rev. Bishop de St. Palais in 1853. The church of the Assumption was ministered to by Father Faller and other clergymen from Fort Wa}ne until 1858, when Rev. Henry Schaefer was appointed resident priest. He offtciated until March, 1863, and after him came Rev. Father Deipenbrock, who built an addition to the church and remained in charge nine months. Rev. John Wemhoff followed and in December, 1865, was succeeded by Rev. A. B. Oechtering, who remained until the coming of the present pastor, the Rev. D. Duehmig, in May, 1867, the congregation then consisting of about forty families. In 1876 Father Duehmig laid the corner-stone of the present magnificent church, on the present site in the village, and com- pleted it in 1877, when. May 19, it was dedicated by Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger. It is built of brick, is 44X 113 feet in size, and is furnished with costly altars and pipe organ. The cost of the building itself reached $9,000. The school and Sisters' residence (one building) was erected in 1878 at a cost of $2,500, and the priest's residence in 1889 at a cost of $3,600. The church grounds ~(223j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY comprise six and one-quarter acres, which were donated by Thomas Storey, and the cemetery, at the site of the old church, one-half mile north of the present church, contains eight acres. The school children, 124 in number, are under three Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart, and the congregation has attained a total member- ship of 100 families. The societies attached to the church of the Assumption of the B. V. M. hold membership as follows: St. Joseph's School society, eight}-; Ladies' Rosary society, eighty-six; Young Men's society, forty-eight; Young Ladies' society, thirty-six; and Catholic Ivnights, thirt\-iive. BAKR TOWNSHIP, DAVIESS COUNTY. St. Mary's Church is located in Barr township, Daviess county, one-half mile west of the Martin county line and a mile and a half north of the B. & O. R. R. The first Catholic services in the vicinity of St. Mary's were held in the house of Ignatius Spaulding. in 1828, by Father Lalumiere. Ignatius Spaulding was born in Maryland and died June 23, 1842, aged sixt}* years. About 1833 a small log church was erected and consecrated by Bishop Brute, who named it St. Mary's. According to Bishop Brute, there were about 150 Catholic families in the neighborhood, mostly from Ken- tucky. The first resident pastor was the Rev. Maurice de St. Palais, afterward bishop, who took charge of the congregation in 1836 and remained three years. During this period a new brick church was constructed. Rev. John Gueguen became the pastor in 1839 and continued until 1 84S, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. P. R. Murphy. Father Murphy also had a flock in Martin count\- at Mt. Pleas- ant, and erected a church there. Rev. John Mougin officiated at St. Mary's from 1858 to i860, and was succeeded by Rev. J. LeBlanc, who attended until 1873. Rev. G. M. Ginnsz came next and was the pastor until 1875. He was followed by Revs. John W. Doyle, L. M. S. Burkhardt and Timothy O'Donaghue. Father Doyle made preparations for a new church-building and it was completed by Father T. O'Donaghue in 1881 at a cost of $9,000. The church is a handsome building, 55X iio feet in size, is (224) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. built of brick and is well furnished. This church owns twenty-three acres of land valued, exclusive of improvements, at $1,300. The pastoral residence is qf brick, and the conj^regation comprises a membership of 650. Rev. T. O'Donaghue was succeeded, Feb- ruary I, 1S90, by the present able pastor, Rev. John McCabe. BESANGON, ALLEN COUNTY. St. Louis Church at Besancon (post-office New Haven), Allen county, was first a mission, established by Rev. Father Benoit, and was attended by clergymen from Fort Wayne until i860, when Rev. Father Adams came, erected the present church-edifice, 90x36 feet, and remained until 1875. He was succeeded, in turn, by Fathers Mignault, Demers, Maujay, Veniard and the present pastor, Rev. Francis X. Labonte (in 1894), although for one year prior to this last-named date St. Louis had been again a mis- sion of Fort Wayne. The priest's house was erected by Rev. W. J. Quinlan, formerly of the cathedral at Fort Wayne, but now pas- tor of St. Paul's, at Marion, Grant county. This building is of brick, is two stories high and contains eight rooms. A hall, 74h X 40 feet, is on the church property, to be used as a parochial school and will be attended by about 100 pupils, who will be under the instruction of three sisters. The congregation com- prises about 120 families of mixed nationalities, the French pre- dominating. The church property consists of ten acres, including the cemetery, and is free from debt. Rev. Francis X. Labonte was born in Vermont January 30, 1868, and was ordained at Fort ^^'ayne May 19. 1894, by Right Rev. Bishop Rademacher and at once placed in charge of his pres- ent pastorate. r.ATESVII.LK, KIPI^EV COUNTY. St. Louis' Church at Batesville had its origin with German Catholics about the year 1867. Two non-Catholics, Messrs. Schader and Boehringer, donated the ground on which the church was to be erected. The church was begun in the same year, 1867, in charge of the Franciscan Fathers at Oldenburg. In the fall of 1868 Batesville was made a station, to be visited from Greensburg, A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY where the Rev. John P. Gillig resided. He had services in a pri- vate house at Batesville twice a month until about August, 1869. In 1870 the Franciscan Fathers again togk charge. The Rev. Louis Haverbeck, O. S. F. , finished the church and it was blessed in September, 1870, St. Lud wig's church. In the year following the same zealous pastor built a school-house. From August, 1872, until August, 1873, the Rev. Clemens Steinkamp, (). S. F., attended the congregation, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Bernardine Holthaus, O. S. F. The par- sonage was built in 1876. In 1875 the furniture factories at Bates- ville were destroyed by fire and, in consequence, the congregation lost several families, who left the town. From September, 1876, Rev. John B. Schroeder, O. S. F., visited Bates\ille until Janu- ary, 1877. Rev. Peter B. Fnglert, O. S. F., became the first resident priest at Batesville in January, 1877; Rev. Nicholas Holtel, O. S. F., from August, 1877, until August, 1878: Rev. iMartin Bauer, O. S. F., from August, 1878, until August. 1879; the Rev. Leonard Nurre, O. S. F., took charge in August, 1879. The congregation numbers about 100 families, three Sisters of St. Francis teach 180 children, and since October 18, 1897. the congregation has been under the charge of Rev. Bartholomew Weiss, O. F. M. BLOOMIXGTOX, MONKOK COINTV. St. Charles Borromeo Church. — The first priest in charge of St. Charles Borromeo church was Rev. Patnck Murphy, who was a trustee of the State university at Bloomington, the only priest who ever held that office. He was succeeded b}- Father John B. Unverzagt, who was succeeded b\- Father Thomas X. Logan, who in time was succeeded by Father Bogemann, the present pastor. Under the latter's administration the church building and parsonage have been remodeled and modernized in their present pleasing form, and the street fronting the same (330 feet) properly graded and improved. A fitting compliment to Father Bogemann's energy is the fact that the parish is out of debt and usually has money draw- ing interest. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. !'.KAi)i(iKi>, ii.\i\'KiS()N (■()l■^■'^^■. St. Michael's Church. — A log church was built four miles southwest of Bradford as early as 1835 by a few Catholic families who lived in those parts of Harrison county, and this church was called St. Michael's. The hrst priest who visited this church was the Rev. Jos. I'^rneding; later on came the Rev. Ignatius Rey- nolds, of Kentucky, and Rev. S. Neyron, of New Albany. When Rev. |. P. Dion permanent)}- located at Zanesville he visited this little church regularly until 1854, when the Catholic families had increased to such an extent that those living north of Bradford made an effort to build a little log church three miles northeast of Bradford. This little church was begun, but never completed, because all united their efforts and built a nice frame church in the town of Bradford, and from this time on the log church, four miles southwest of Bradford, St. Michael's, was more or less abandoned. Fred. Ems donated one acre of land adjoining Bradford, upon which the new church was built. It was completed and dedicated on the 29th day of September, 1855, by Rev. Jos. Wentz, of New Albany, and called St. Michael's church. Rev. E. M. Faller, of New Albany, and Rev. Dionysius, O. S. P., of Louisville, Ky. , attended to St. Michael's church of Bradford until 1862, when the Rev. J. M. Gabriel, of St. John's, Clark county, took charge and attended regularly once a month until 1869, when Rev. B. H. Kintrup became the first resident priest of Bradford. From 1871 till 1872 Rev. J. M. Gabriel attended again from St. John's; Rev. G. M. Ginnsz, of Floyd Knobs, till 1873; Rev. A. Lechner, of St. John's, till 1875; Re'^'- ^- Brueggemann till 1877 and Rev. J. P. Gillig till 1879. Rev. F. Seegmiller, the second resident priest, took charge in 1879 and remained till 1886. In 1882 he built the new frame church, 40 -x 75 feet, and labored zealously for the welfare of the congregation, but, meeting many difficulties, he left in 1886, the church being in debt to the amount of $1,000. Rev. Martin Andres, of Frenchtown. attended the congregation until 1888, when he was succeeded at Frenchtown by Rev. G. H. Moss, who also attended one year at Bradford. Rev. Martin Andres took up A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY a subscription in 1887 to reduce the indebtedness of the church and brought it down to $372 at the time when Rev. G. H. Moss was succeeded by the resident priest at Bradford. Rev. Andrew Schaaf, the third resident priest, took charge of Bradford July 19, 1889. B3' a subscription he paid the remaining debt of $372 in the fall of 1889, and in the spring of 1890 had the church painted outside and necessary repairs made to the amount of $165, which was raised by collection. In fall of 1890 he built St. Michael's school at cost of $384.50. This amount was raised by the pastor outside of the congregation, Rev. Joseph Dickmann, of St. Joseph's Hill, generously contributing $100. The same amount was contributed by the pastor, who also furnished the school. St. Michael's school was opened Easter Monday, 1891, by Miss Josie Henriott, of Frenchtown, and in September of the same year the Sisters of St. Benedict, at Ferdinand, took charge and conduct the school to the present day. In the fall of 1891 the church was frescoed by Charles Krueger, of St. Louis, Mo., at a cost of $752.45, which amount the pastor collected from the people of the congregation. In the spring of 1892 the church steeple was remodeled at a cost of $175, the cemetery was laid out in family lots, a large iron cross and crucifix placed in it and it was otherwise much improved, and in September of the same year St- Michael's parsonage was erected at a cost of $999.85 ; this is a modern frame with eight rooms, handsomely furnished by the ladies of the congregation. The whole amount for the parsonage was collected b}' the pastor. In 1893 new pews were placed in the church and were partly paid for by the ladies of St. Ann's society ; the stations, matting and large bell were paid for by the pastor. In addition to the church property thirteen lots were pur- chased around the church, school and parsonage, and three acres of ground opposite the church; thereby the church holds two blocks where the church, school, parsonage and Sister-house are located, and these lots have a frontage of 618 feet and the same on the opposite side of the street, constituting in all seven acres of land and twenty lots. August 3, 1895, Rev. Jos. Sennefeld took charge of St. Michael's church as the fourth resident priest at Bradford. Father IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Schaaf, after six years of incessant labor, having been transferred to Poseyville, Posey county, with headquarters at St. Mary's church, Evansville. Rev. Jos. Sennefeld collected for the pipe organ placed in the church $150, and zealously watched over the flock entrusted to his care till the spring of 1898, when he was transferred to a new field of labor, St. Thomas, Knox county, and the Rev. Chas. Cluever took charge of Bradford, and with great zeal took up the work entrusted to him. He is the present pastor, the fifth resident priest of Bradford, and stands high in the estima- tion of the members of St. Michael's church. The congregation numbers eighty families and the attendance at the school is eighty. The indebtedness of the church is now quite small. BRAZIL, CLAY COUNTY. The Church of the Annunciation at Brazil was founded about the year 1866, when mass was occasionally read to a small assem- blage of devotees in private houses in the rural districts and in Brazil itself by visiting priests from Terre Haute and elsewhere, the parish being then in its incipiency. Rev. Fathers O'Connor and Fenton are remembered by the earlier members of the embry- onic congregation as being among the pioneer spiritual laborers. The priest who was most prominently instrumental in promoting the establishment of the first church in Brazil was Rev. Meinrad McCarty, who came from St. Mary's of the Wood, Vigo county. Religious services continued to be held in private houses, and for a time at Dr. Ivnight's hall, until the spring of 1869, when the Presbyterian church-building, at the corner of Jackson and \\'alnut streets, was purchased and removed to lots Nos. 22 and 23. Shat- tuck's second addition to Brazil. The building was enlarged and improved and used for church purposes until the present com- modious brick structure, on lots adjoining, was occupied in 1881. In the interval, however. Father Meinrad McCarty was succeeded by his assistant. Father Benedict, and he by Father Mousette, who officiated from 1877 until 1880. When Father H. Pierrard, the present pastor, took charge in 1880, what is now the school-building was utilized for church pur- poses. The foundation of the present church-edifice had been laid "(229) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY and was so far advanced as to be utilized in 1881, but the church was not fully completed until September, 1883, Father Pierrard strenuously laboring to^vard the attainment of this object. Sep- tember 3., the house was dedicated to the worship of God by Bishop Chatard. In this parish, which includes the whole of Clay county, were also established two missions by Father Meinrad McCarty — one at Knightsville and one at Carbon, but the former was vacated for some years, although it is now attended by Rev. A. Bohn, while the latter is administered to by Father Pierrard, whose biography will be found in Vol. II of this work. The parochial school, in the old church-building, has been in charge of Sisters from Olden- burg, Ind., since 1882, and the growth of the school, as well as that of the church, has kept abreast with the growth of the popu- lation. The Catholic orders in the parish include the Ancient Order of Hibernians with its ladies" auxiliary society, the Altar society, the Young Ladies' sodality, the Society of the Children of Mary, and the Guardian Angel society. BREMEN, MARSHALL COLXT^'. St. Dominic's Church, at Bremen, was built in 1880 by Rev. Father Duehmig, is a frame structure, 28 x 56 feet, and cost $2,200. In course of building the church was struck by lightning and great damage done. Shortly after completion lightning struck it a second time, and it cost about $700 to repair it. The congre- gation then numbered ten families, of four different nationalities, and the number is about the same at the present time. Father Duehmig attended this church with fostering care until 1894, when it passed to the charge of St. Hedwig's church at South Bend. BRIGHTWOOl), MARION COUNTY. St. Francis de Sales' Church, at Brightwood, a suburb of Indianapolis, was established by Bishop Chatard in April, 1881, the congregation being composed of members of St. Joseph's church, in the Capital city, four or more miles distant. The pas- tor of St. Joseph's continued in charge of the new congregation until July, 1881, when Rev. Charles Curran was appointed pastor. (280r IX Tin: sTAi 1-: oi- Indiana. This reverend j^eiitlenian was born at Seneca Falls, X. \'. , (Octo- ber 22, 1858, was ordained priest at St. Meinrad, fune 11, 1881, by Bishop Chatard, and was ,i,Mven his appointment at Bright wood immediately afterward. The Hrightwood congregation at once petitioned the bishop for leave to erect a church-building, which permission was readil\- granted and a considerable sum was sub- scribed for that purpose, but it was deemed more wisely not to build, but to purchase an edifice which had been vacated by a Protestant denomination and was offered for sale at a reasonable price. The purchase was made, and the church was consecrated to the Catholic faith by Bishop Chatard July 3, 1881, and placed under the patronage of St. Francis de Sales, with Father Curran as pastor, as noted above. The property cost about $3,300, of which amount the zealous pastor, seeking assistance wherever he could find it, succeeded in paying $1,700. Father Curran held the pastorate until 1883, when Rev. Rudolph Horstmann, O. F. M. , was appointed. Father Rudolph stayed only for a few years. He was succeeded by Rev. Father Alexius Bernard, Father Ouirinus Stuecker and Father Fulgentius Eich. In 1892 Rev. Roger Middendorf was put in charge of the parish. Rev. Roger Middendorf was born in Ouincy, 111,, and was educated in St. Francis Solanus college, of that city. In 1884 he entered the order of St. Francis, and after the completion of his studies was placed in charge of St. Francis church at Brightwood, and during the four years of his pastorate labored zealously to improve the condition of the parish in every way possible. He established the Young Ladies" sodality, which at present has twenty-one members; the Knights of St. John, numbering twenty- five, and the St. Ann's Altar society, which has a membership of twenty-nine. During the first two years of his incumbency he saved $700, and from this sum built an addition to the priest's room at a cost of $600. At the close of four years he was returned to Ouincy, 111., as a teacher in his alma mater, and was succeeded at Brightwood by Rev. Simon Schwartz, who officiated one year, when he was transferred to Keshina, Wis., and St. Francis' con- gregation placed in charge of Rev. P. Matthew Schmitz, O. F. M., A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY August 29, 1897. The congregation now numbers eighty famihes, whose spiritual and worldly affairs are the constant care of the pious and capable pastor. BROOKVILLE, FRANKLIN COUNTY. St. Michael's Church, at Brookville, had its incipiency, prob- ably, as far back as 1838, when missionaries occasionally visited Catholics who were then laboring in the construction of the canal, and also others, scattered along the banks of the Whitewater river, Rev. Joseph Ferneding being the chief visitor. About 1849, Rev. William Engeln began visiting the Catholic families regularly each month, and divine services were held in private houses, that of Michael Schrank, in the bottom to the south of Broolcville, serving frequently for this purpose. In 1854, Father Engeln was succeeded in his pastoral charge by Rev. H. Koering, who found but fifteen families at Brookville. He raised small contributions of money from all quarters — ^Catholic and non-Catholic — ^with which he purchased a lot with a small brick building thereon, and this he fitted up as the first church, at a total cost of $600. In the spring of 1857, Rev. Januarius Weissenberger took charge of St. Michael's, and also of St. Mary's of the Rocks. Fired with an indomitable zeal for religion, he undertook to build two large brick churches at the same time — one at Brookville and the other at St. Mary's, on Pipe creek. At this time, Brookville numbered about forty Catholic families, in very moderate circum- stances, and to build a church at a cost of $10,000 was no small undertaking, but, as the congregation continued to increase, he eventually met with success, aided largely by Melchior Witt, who settled in Brookville in 1840 and there died in 1867. From 1859 until 1863 St. Michael's was attended by Rev. Leo Osredkar, and in the latter year Rev. G. H. Ostlangenberg became the first resident pastor. In 1868 Rev. M. Fleischmann took charge, and in 1869 purchased three acres of ground in the north end of the town for use as a cemeter}-. In the fall of the same year were purchased two lots near the church, on which, in 1873, an imposing school house was erected. The Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis bought a lot and residence near by and (232r IN TFlli STATK OI' INDIANA. assumed charge of the parochial school, which is attended by 200 pupils. The parsonage cost over $4,000, and September 10, 1897, Kev. A. A. Schenk was placed in charge of the parish. i;ko\\ NsiU'KC, iihiNDRiCKS (:()i'X'r\-. St. Malachy's Church. — The records of this parish really date back to only 1867, but mass was said earlier than this date in some of the homes of the parishioners. Possibly 'Thomas Malloney's home was the one where mass was said more than j^ny other. Father McMullen was the first priest who gave any baptismal record. He was followed in 1868 and 1869 by Father Brassast. The first part of the church was erected by Father Brassast in 1869. He remained in charge of the congregation until 1870 and was followed by Father O'Donovan, who remained from May, 1870, to 1874. and he was followed by Father Logan, who built an addition to the church and who remained until (877. Father O'Donovan returned in 1878 and remained up to 1881. Next was Father E. J. Spelman, who administered to the parish from 1881 to July, 1885, when he was succeeded by the present and ef^cient pastor. Father M. J. Power, who has been the shepherd of the parish for almost fourteen years. When he came to the parish there were, good, bad and indifferent, about seventy-two families, or about 450 souls. At present there are sixty good families in the parish, and a fair cash value of the Catholic property of St. Malachy's parish is placed at $3,500. CAMBRIDGE CITY, WAYNE COUNTY. St. Elizabeth's Church at Cambridge City was founded about 1842 by Rev. Vincent Bacquelin, who visited the locality occasion- ally for two years, and his visits were followed by those of Rev. Michael O'Rourke. Rev. John Ryan succeeded and he was followed byRev. William Doyle, who visited until 1853, and after him came Rev. Henry Peters. This priest built an addition to the small frame church already on the ground, and bought an adjoining lot with a small house thereon, which served for many vears as the priest's house. Father Peters was succeeded by Rev. J. M. \illars, who remained until about 1863. ^^ 1233) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY The first resident priest at Cambridge City was Rev. Joseph O'Reilly, who, in May, 1864, built the second church on the founda- tion which had been laid by Father Villars, and remained until 1869, when he was succeeded by Re\. Vincent de Vilas, the second resident pastor, who remained until April, 1871. From October 22, 1 87 1, Rev. D. J. McMullen, of Rushville, attended until August, 1874, when the Rev. H. Alerding was appointed and found a demoralized congregation, deep in debt. The debt was canceled, but on his departure, in the fall of 1874, a debt of $1,000 still existed, incurred by the purchase of ground in a more desirable location for a new church. Father John B. Kelly succeeded Rev. H. Alerding, and under his pastorate the congregation prospered financially and spiritually. A neat church and parsonage were erected, and at his departure, in October, 1881, the indebtedness was only $3,000 on-the new and improved property. Rev. Andrew Oster took charge in October, 1881, and July 2, 1885, was suc- ceeded by the present pastor. Rev. Edward J. Spelman, who was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 28, 1850, a son of John and Anne (Smyth) Spelman, natives of Ireland. I^ev. E. J. Spelman has filled his position with zeal and industry and good work, and has officiated at St. Elizabeth's longer than any of his predecessors and is greatly beloved by his congregation for his piety and faith- ful labors in its behalf. The first church, a frame structure, was removed from its original site and is now occupied as a dwelling by Patrick Shirkey; the second church is now the passenger and freight depot of the Big Four railroad. To the erection of the present church Rev. [ohn B. Kelly contributed $600 of his own mone}', and he is still dear to the hearts of the congregation of St. Elizabeth. The cost of the present church was about $8,000, the cost of the residence was $1,800 and the congregation numbers about forty-two families. CANNKl. TON, I'i:i A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Stand, procured a large bell and made other improvements, and all was paid for. Bishop Maurice de St. Palais went on an official trip to Rome, but had selected Father Schnel'l to take charge of the parish before departing. He came in November, 1S70, and remained until MarCh, 1871, when he returned to his former charge at Edinburg, which parish had petitioned the bishop for his return. Following him came Rev. H.J. Seibertz, in April, 1871, and remained till August, 1877. Du ing his administration, in 1874. he succeeded in erecting the new church and spire, added a third bell and made other improvements, though leaving the interior of the church unfinished. He was succeeded by the pres- ent pastor, Rev. Father B. H. Brueggemann. There existed a little hard feeling in the parish on account of the removal of the new church to the present site, but Father Brueggemann, by his well-known zeal and tact, has restored harmony and peace. DUBOIS corxTV. St. Anthony's Church, Dubois county, has had i.ts existence since 1864, when the Rev. U. J. Meister, from Celestine, erected a small log church-building and a log parsonage, and remained in charge until 1868, when he met with a sudden and melancholy death by being struck by the limb of a falling tree while he was overseeing the clearing of the church ground. This lamented pas- tor was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Kauffmann, who officiated until 1870, and the succession thereafter was as follows: Rev. Eberhard Stadler until 1872; Rev. Placidus Zarn until 1875; Rev. Henry Hug until 1877; Rev. Benedict Brunet until 1879; Rev. Alphonse Leute until 1883; Rev. C. Thomas until 1885, when Rev. Basil Heusler, the present pastor, was placed in charge. In 1882 Rev. Father Leute commenced the erection of a new church-edifice, which was completed sufficiently for divine serv- ice in 1885. Since the incumbency of Father Heusler, who ■came here September i, 1885, he has put a stone floor in the church, introduced new pews, placed the bells and roofed the build- ing with tin. The large altar is of stone and the pulpit on the north side of the auditorium is of black walnut. The tower, which is 115 feet high, was also erected by Father Heusler. The new (2W I.\ THE STATE OF INDIANA. church was blessed December 20, 1885, by Rev. ('. Thomas, and the first divine services therein were conducted on the same day. September 26. 18S6. the church was consecrated by Bishop Cha- tard. February 22, 1890, five new bells were received, the total weight of which is 4,000 pounds and the cost $786.80. These bells, in June, 1891, were also blessed by Bishop Chatard. June 4. 1^93. ground was broken for a new parsonage. This building is of frame, is two stories high, contains twelve rooms and has attached to it an ell. It is a fine looking building, is nicely fur- nished and is a credit to the pastor as well as to the congregation. The Sisters' residence, just north of the church-building, was erected in June. 1897, ^t a cost of $866.35, including work donated. The total value of St. Anthony's parish is now about $25,000. The present membership comprises about 100 families, while in 1864 it numbered but forty. The church societies are in a flour- ishing condition, and the school, which was established in 1864 by Father Meister, now has an enrolment of 166 pupils, who are in charge of three Benedictine Sisters. The parish is located seven miles east of Huntingburg and nine miles southeast of Jasper on the Air Line railroad, and the little village of St. Anthony has a population of perhaps 200. St. Henry's Church. — In 1863 the corner-stone of St. Henry's was laid by the Very Rev. Bede O'Connor, vicar-general, O. S. B., and by him the church was dedicated. There were twenty fam- ilies in the parish at that time and the congregation was adminis- tered to by the Benedictine Fathers of St. Meinrad until Father Benedict came in December, 1865, and here remained until 1872; Father B. H. Kintrup came in 1878, and during the same year built the priest's house. In October, 1879, came Rev. Pius Boehm, O. S. B., the first resident priest, and he remained until 1885. Then Rev. William Wack came and remained until June, 1891. During Father Pius" time of duty the Sisters' house was erected, and the school placed in charge of two Sisters. The school has been conducted by them with some interruptions since 1882. Rev. Frank X. Seegmueller succeeded Father Wack in February, 1891, but died September 20, 1892. F'^ather Placidus A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Zarn, O. S. B., then came and remained until October, 1892; Rev. Alex Koesters came October 25, 1892, and remained until October i, 1894. In February, 1895, Rev. Ferdinand Hundt came and remained until November, 1897, when he was succeeded by Rev. Lawrence Fichter, who remained until March, 1897. when he was succeeded by Rev. Father Hommes, the present pastor. The parish is in a very healthy state, and but little debt rests upon it. The value of the church property of St. Henry is placed at $5,000. DYKK, 'lake county. St. Joseph's Church at Dyer was organized by the Rev. Jacob Schmitz, who, aided by the liberal contributions of about fifty-one of tlie leading members of the laity, succeeded in erecting a beau- tiful church-edifice before the close of July, 1867, at a cost of $5,000. Feather Schmitz was succeeded, in order, by the Rev. Fathers B. Th. Borg, B. Wiedau, King, Frund, Steurer and the Rev. Joseph Flach, the latter officiating from the spring of 1878 until 1883, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Charles V. Stetter, D. D.. who remained until 1888, when Rev. Joseph Flach was again given charge of the parish and is still the resident pastor. The congregation now comprises sixty-eight families, all German with two exceptions. The school is in charge of one secular male teacher and one Franciscan Sister of the Sacred Heart, who give instruction to eighty children. EARL PARK, BENTON COUNTY. St. John the Baptist Church at Earl Park was first attended as a mission of Kentland and of -Fowler until 1888, when Rev. Father Vauzier became the resident priest and remained until the •coming of Father Weber. The structure is of frame, is about 30x60 feet in dimensions and contains a large hall. The ceme- tery, one mile southwest, comprises two acres. As yet there is no school connected with St. John's, but one is soon to be established. EC.E, NOHLl-: COUNTY. The Immaculate Conception Church at Ege (French settle- ment) was organized about 1853, coincident with the organization IN THM STATI': O]- INDIANA. of the church at A\ ilia, and w as attended by clerfjymen from the lat- ter place until the advent of Father Franzer in 1H77, who remained until 1S80, when Father Ege came and officiated until 1897. For a short time thereafter I'^ather Jurascheck ministered to the spiritual needs of the parishioners, and was succeeded by Rev. F. Faust, the present pastor, whose name closes the list of incumbents up to date. The congregation of the Immaculate Conception church, in the beginning, comprised but seven families, but it now numbers seventy-five. The first church, a frame, 24x56 feet, was practi- cally built and donated by Gabriel Girardot, who also donated two acres of ground. This building was used until 1876, when Father Duehmig erected the present church, about one-half mile west of the old site, which is now used for a cemetery. The new building is 38 X 90 feet, and cost about $4,500. I^ater, Father Duehmig, who had attended from Avilla from 1867 until 1877, moved the old church to close proximity with the new, and converted it into a combined school-house. Sisters' house, and priest's residence, but this structure was destroyed by fire, and Father Ege erected a fine new building for the same uses. The school is attended by sixty- five pupils, who are under the instruction of two Franciscan Sis- ters of the Sacred Heart. ELKHART, ELKHART COUNTY. Cathedral of St. Vincent De Paul. — May 17, 1867, Rev. A. B. Oechtering, of Mishawaka, pastor of St. Joseph Catholic church of that place, assumed charge of Elkhart as a mission, holding services in Conley's hall irregularly until March 8, 1868, when a permanent organization was effected, under the title of St. \'in- cent De Paul. A new church was immediately commenced on the lot purchased by the Rt. Rev. J. H. Luers, then the bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne. The corner-stone was laid, July 12. 1868, by the bishop, assisted by Rev. A. B. Oechtering, pastor, and Rev. D. Duehmig. of Avilla, the size being 28x56 feet, and on the 25th of October following the church was opened for divine services, although in an unfinished state, not completed and dedi- cated until October 25, 1870. Up to November 27, 1869, Rev. A. B. Oechtering was in charge, after which Rev. John Oechtering (255) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY was the spiritual head until November, 1870, when Rev. A. B. Oechtering again returned and filled the pulpit to November. 1871, when the Rev. J. H. Ouinlan was appointed; he was the first resi- dent pastor and remained so until October, 1875, when Rev. M. F. Noll took his place and remained pastor to May, 1880. when he was removed and his place filled by the Rev. Kroeger, May 12, 1880. Among the prominent members of the church were Vincent Voisinett, Joseph Ludwig, August Ludwig, Dennis Brophy, John Singer, and by the financial aid of Mr. Voisinett especially, the church was completed, as he not only attended to its erection in person, but advanced money when needed. July 5, 1878, the Rev. Kroeger purchased the site of the present cathedral, and July 5. 1 88 I, the school was erected, and occupied in September following. March 2, 1887, ground was broken for the new edi- fice, and the corner-stone laid May 2, 1887, by the Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger, D. D., of Fort Wayne, assisted by Rev. Kroeger, Rev. A. B. Oechtering, of Mishawaka, Rev. Kirch, C. S. C. , of Notre Dame, and Rev. J. A. Kroeger, of Goshen, Ind. In length it is 125 feet, in width 50 feet, and from the ground to the top of the gold bronze cross on the spire is a height of 143 feet, the spire alone being 75 feet high. The distance from the floor to the ceil- ing is 36^ feet, and the brick work has a height of 29 feet. The ceiling is groined Gothic in architecture, and is remarkably hand- some. The sanctuary has a space of 29 feet in depth, 21 feet in width, and is appropriately furnished with symbols. The choir, which is situated over the main entrance, is also very spacious and finely constructed. The stained glass windows were presented by the various societies of the church and by individuals as follows: The large central window over the entrance, by Mrs. Martin Jordan, Mrs. Joseph Foy and Charlie I'oy. The north and south front windows, by Rev. William Kroeger, C. H. Wagner, Joseph Ludwig. August Ludwig, Louis Westerman, William Nopper and Frank Karasch. The first windows on the north and south of the lower part of the house were also presented by the foregoing gentlemen, making four in all that were contributed by them; the second window on the north is a gift of the first communion classes of 1886 and 1888. IN THK STATP: Ol'" INDIANA. The third is the jt;ift c;f Anthony Roy and Louis Luclke. The fourth and fifth came from the Blessed Virj:^in Mary's sodahty. The second window on tlie south is presented by the Indiana council, No. 8i, C. B. I^. , the third by C. H. Wagner, and the fourth and fifth by Rosary sodality. The carpet for the sanctuary is presented by the married ladies of the Rosary sodality, and the matting by the young ladies of the Blessed Virgin's sodality. The inside of the church is very fine, the frescoing having been done by a Munich student, Mr. Henry Meeker, of Logans- port, Ind. There is a main entrance at the front of the build- ing, and a doorway on each side of the entrance. The hghting is done by two large gas reflectors, and furnaces afford heat. The present pastor is the Rev. Henry Aloysius Boeckelmann, who was placed in charge December 30, 1891. The seating capacity is about 1,000 and 1,200 can be taken care of if necessary. HL\V( )()!), MADISON COUNTY. St. Joseph's Church, of Elwood, was organized by Rev. Father Malone and was later attended, in succession, by Rev- erends Fitzpatrick, McMahon, Crawley and Wiechmann, until Father Biegel came. Under Father Crawley a small brick church, 25 X40 feet, was erected, but this was remodeled and enlaiged by Father Biegel in 1891, and now has a seating capacity for about 400 people. But the energy of Father Biegel was by no means exhausted by the e.xecution of this work, beneficial as it was. In 1889 he built the residence now occupied by the Sisters, which served temporarily as a parsonage, and in 1896 erected a hand- some two-story parochial residence, costing $3,000. He also laid out a beautiful cemetery of five acres, one mile south of the city, which is within easy access of the church. The church grounds are 300 feet front by 240 feet deep, on which, beside the church building, the parsonage and the Sisters' house, there is a school- building, 26 X 66 feet, and two stories high, containing four con- venient school-rooms. The school is in charge of five listers from St. Joseph's convent, with Sister M; de Sales as directress, and the attendance numbers 272 pupils. The property on the coming of Father Biegel comprised two lots only, the additional real "(257) A HISTORY Ul" CATHOLICITY estate having been purchased by him at a cost of about $ 1,000. while the total value of the property now owned by the-congrega- tion is placed at $15,000. These figures speak well for the zeal and devotion of Father Biegel. and have won for him the devotion and love of his congregation, who esteem him not alone for the temporal work he has done in their behalf, but for his labors for their spiritual welfare. It is the intention of the congregation to build a handsome new church in the very near future, when the old one will be con- verted into school-rooms, etc. ENOCHSBURG, P'RANKLIX COUNTY. St John's Parish. — The records of this parish date from 1862 only, as all its previous history was destroyed by fire some years ago. Father Oesterling, a Franciscan priest, had charge of the parish in 1862, and was followed by Father Heck, who remained until 1879; he was succeeded by Rev. J. Stolz, who remained but a few months, and he by Rev. P. Richardus, a Fran- ciscan, who had charge but a short time. He was succeeded by Father Kemper, who remained until 1882, when he was succeeded by the present rector, Rev. James Pfeiffer, who has been the pastor during the past seventeen years and has made many valuable improvements in the church and property, among which are new fences, stone walks, stained glass windows, new pews, a new organ (costing $1,100), matting for the aisles, a new altar, and new carpets for the altar, twelve statues, a new slate roof for the church, and a rector's home. He has paid $1,300 debt on the parish, and has expended about $5,000 on the property. The church is erected of stone, and has a spire about 135 feet in height with three bells; the membership in families is ninety, and the number of souls, 270. The school is under the guidance of a layman teacher, under the charge of the priest, and has an enrolment of sixty-five pupils. St. John's is ten miles east of Greensburg, and six miles northwest of Batesville, Decatur county. EVANSVILLE, \'AXDEKBlRc; COUNTY. Assumption Parish, Fvansville, was the first Catholic congrega- tion organized south of Vincennes. It, of course, included all the (258r IN" THE STATE Ol- INDIANA. Catholics of Evansville at one time. In the year 1836 this could easil)' ha\'c been the case, for the Catholic population then con- sisted of but two families, that of Mr. Linck and that of the late John \\'alsh. The Assumption remained the sole church until 185 1, when the Holy Trinity parish was organi;:ed for German- speakinj;- Catholics. In 1837 Rev. Father Deydier became Evansville's first resident pastor, and in 1839 a lot on Second street upon which to build Assumption church was secured for the sum of $1,200. In 1840, August 5, the covner-stone was laid by the French bishop of Nancy, Monseigneur Forbin Jeanson, who was then on a visit to the diocese of \'incenne3. Rev. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, preached the sermon on the occasion. In that year Rev. Roman Weinzoepfel, just ordained at Vincennes, was sent as assistant to Father Deydier. In 1849 Rev. Patrick McDermott became the assistant priest of Assumption parish. He -celebrated his first mass in Evansville Christmas day, 1849. He became pastor in 1S59, when Father Deydier retired to Highland, near \'incennes, where he died February 11, 1864. The church property on Second street, through the instru- mentality of Capt. F. P. Carson, was sold for $50,000, $5,000 of which was due the bishop and paid to him; and in April, 1871. the present site of Assumption church, corner Seventh and \'ine streets, was purchased. Work on the present church began in 1872, and on the 7th of July of that year the corner-stone was laid by Bishop de St. Palais. \'ery Rev. Bede O'Connor was the •orator. Father McDermott built the church on the grand scale in which we see it. He labored with z-al and saintly ardor until 1879, when, much to the regret of his parishioners, he was appointed pastor of St. • Patrick's church. Indianapolis, where he ■died September 13, 18S2. From the date of removal of Father McDermott until the appointment of the present very re\erend pastor, about five months, Rev. John Gueguen, then chaplain of St. Mary's hospital, had charge of Assumption church. Very Rev. Eugene F. McBarron took charge November 7. 1879. Under his administration we can take a more favorable view of the parish grounds and buildings, for he has made many additions and "(259) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY improvements. Among these are a fine hall and school-building, a pastoral residence, the repairing and frescoing of the church and the purchase of twenty feet of additional ground. These repre- sent an outlay of nearly $20,000. The parish grounds extend 200 feet on Seventh street and i 50 feet on Vine street. All the buildings front on the former street. On the corner stands the pastoral residence, a tastefully con- structed and happily arranged house, costing upward of $4,000. About the center of the grounds stands the stately and massive Assumption church, which cost $73,000. The next building is the Sisters' house, representing $2,000; and lastly the Assumption hall and school building, which is worth over $7,000. These buildings, improvements, grounds, furniture and other parish property are worth the large sum of $123,000. The debt is only $13,000. Assumption church is cruciform and of Romanesque style of architecture. It is sixty feet wide, ninety feet in the transept, fifty-two feet to ceiling and 149 feet long. It is built of brick, with stone trimmings, and is reputed as one of the most substan- tial and beautiful church edifices in the west. Its interior, espe- cially since it has been frescoed and ornamented with a grand thirty-light candelabrum, which cost $700, reminds the artist and the man of travel of Roman style, Roman richness and good taste. This obtains as well in the architecture as in the frescoing and decorations, which latter are kept as much as possible in the same order. The exceptions are the scattering here and there of a little of the more modern, just enough to satisfy the taste that inclines to brighter coloring — the semi-gay as distinct from the grand. The sanctuary is on the order of the Carthusian monaster , the Cer- tosa of Pavia, which is the best sample of Italian renaissance in existence, and whose cloister is the only one in the world that has ever been decorated. The arches of the side altars are of the Roman style of the thirteenth century, while the basso-relievo angels are kept more in the style of Michael Angelo, as seen at St. Peter's. The ornaments around the windows are designed after fi the ceiling is very fragments in the church of St. Maria del Popolo in Rome, while the ceilinsr is very much like that of St. Paul's at Rome before the (260) IX THE STATli Ol' INDIANA. licking flames destroyed its admirable works of art. Alto;:^ether, the interior of the church of the Assumption, as it now stands fresh from the artist's brush, cannot fail to impress all beholders who ha\e seen Rome with the majestic and imposing relics of Italian art in the Eternal cit\". These spectators will be generous in awarding a large meed of praise to the present pastors and peo- ple of Assumption parish, and to the Lebor Bros., of Louisville. who e.xecuted the work. Kt. Rev. Bishop Chatard. whose twenty years" residence amid such scenes in Rome, has made him a con- noisseur of art, declares in favor of the excellence of the interior appearance of Assumption church. The Assumption schools consist of four rooms, with an enrol- ment of about 240 pupils, who are taught by four Sisters of Provi- dence, who live in the adjoining residence, and one lay teacher. The building is of brick; is 44 x 84 feet, two stories, with thq upper floor in use as the Assumption hall. It was erected in 1881. The building committee, which materially aided the very reverend pastor, and richly deserved the thanks of the congregation, was composed of the following gentlemen: Patrick Raleigh, M. Gor- man. Joseph Dillon and T. W. \^enemann. The church societies are as follows in name: Ladies' Altar society. Young Ladies' sodality of the Sacred Heart, Children of Mar}-. Boys' St. Joseph societ}'. St. Joseph's Aid societ}' for Men; Branch 46, of the Catholic Knights, composed of members from the Assumption and Holy Trinity parishes, was organized in 1879 by Hon. C. J. Murphy. Holy Trinity Parish, at Evansville. was not regarded as a separate congregation until 1851. when the new church of that name was solemnly blessed in the presence of the right reverend bishop, and thereafter used exclusi\ely by the German-speaking •Catholics. Pre\iously, Catholics of all nationalities attended at the Assumption church. For several years separate services were con- tinued to be held there for the Germans, and Rev. Fathers Charles Oppermann, Martin Stahl, Conrad Schneiderjans and Roman Weinzoepfel succeeded each other in charge of the Germans and as assistants to Father Deydier. The first resident pastor for A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY the Germans was Rev. Francis X. Kutassy, who arrived in 1848. It was he who organized Holy Trinity parish and built the church- In the work of building the new church he was ably assisted by the following gentlemen, who composed his first building com- mittee: B. Nurre, H. Ahlerding, H. Hermann, M. Nies, Fr. Zie- genhagen and H. Rechtin. In 1849 the corner-stone was laid by Bishop de St. Palais, but on account of the ravages of the cholera the work was not completed until 185 1. In 1S55 a parsonage was built at a cost of $1,500. In 1866 Rev. J. Ferd. Viefhaus was sent as assistant to Father Kutassy. Stained glass windows were put in in 1867 at a cost of $2,700. In 1868 two large ves- try rooms were built as an addition to the church, at a cost of $3,000. In 1873 the front of the church was built newly, and a grand tower and spire erected. The edifice was then of these dimensions: Length 147 feet, width seventy feet, height to ceil- ing thirty-five feet. The spire stands 202 feet. In the tower is a chime of nine bells, which cost $5,000. In 1S72 Rev. Charles Loescher became the assistant priest, Rev. Father Viefhaus having undertaken the work of building up St. Mary's parish. In 1873 Rev. James Merckl became assistant. On the iith of October, 1874, the golden jubilee of the noble pastor. Rev. F. X. Kutassy, was celebrated with pomp, and as a sort of finish to his labors, for he died on the 27th of that month, assisted in his last hours by his dear friend. Father McDermott, who administered to him the last sacraments. He was buried in the new St. Joseph's ceme- tery, the first priest there interred, and a grand monument was erected to his memory in 1875. Rev. Father Merckl was in charge for seven months, or until the arrival of Rev. P. J. J. Duddenhausen as pastor. May 19, 1875, to whom was given Rev. A. Oster, as his assistant, in July of that year. Father Dudden- hausen began many reforms in the congregation, adopted business methods and celebrated the public service of the church with pomp and solemnity. He was given Rev. Wm. Bultmann, as his assist- ant, July, 1877, and in 1880 Father F.-B. Luebberman became his assistant, taking Father Bultmann's place, that reverend gen- tleman having undertaken the work of organizing St. Boniface's parish. (262) IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA. Attention was paid to the matter of education as early as i. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY natural gas, and the plumbing and gas work comprise over 2,000 feet of pipe. The present school enrolment is about 300, the pupils being under the superintendence of ten Sisters of Notre Dame, from Milwaukee, Wis., ^vho carry the pupils up to the eighth grade, keeping fully abreast withthe curriculum of the pub- lic schools, all under the charge of the Venerable Aloysia Gonzaga. The school ground is ample and its value is estimated at $1,500. The school itself, with appurtenances, is at present worth $25,000, and the old school has been remodeled into a dwelling for the teachers, at a cost of $1,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. H. Kcehne. St. Bridget's Church, of Logansport, is also an outgrowth of St. Vincent de Paul, the extensive membership of that church and the inconvenience of attending, by reason of the distance, of those living in the western portion of the city, making the question of building another church in that portion one of ready solution when the matter came up for deliberation and determination. In the early part of 1875, in order to carry out this design, the Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger, of the diocese of Fort Wayne, purchased from Judge Dykeman the entire square bounded by Wheatland street. Linden avenue, Wilkinson and Heath streets, at a cost of $5,000. The labor incident to the building of the church-edifice devolved chiefly upon Rev. Bernard Kroeger, who, with a ^eal worthy the motive which impelled him forward, wrought diligently and ear- nestly. The building was put under contract early in the year 1875, and in August following was fully completed and ready for occupancy, when, on the i 5th of that month, it was formally dedi- cated to the worship of God according to the forms of the Roman Catholic church. This elegant edifice was built at a cost of about $11,000 or $12,000, while the cost of the lot ($5,000) made the total cost of the property, up to that time, $16,000 or $17,000. But since then a school-building has been erected, a fine parsonage, in 1892, at a cost of $5,000, and, later, a hall, 36x74 feet, for the use of societies, church festivals and entertainments, thus adding to the original cost. The grounds are handsomely laid out, with iS60) IN THE STATli Ol' INDIANA. cement walks, shaded by a luxuriant j^rowth of trees, and are the admiration of all beholders. The school is in charge of four Sisters of St. Joseph, of Tip- ton, who teach the English branches only to about lOO pupils. Many Protestant children attend this school, the fee being fifty cents per month, but many of the poorer children are taught gratis. Father Kroeger has indeed worked untiringly and zealously in pro- moting the welfare of. his congregation, and has succeeded in can- celing a debt of nearly $16,000 incurred by his early parishioners and their successors in bringing to completion this noble church- edifice and its accessories. The present congregation of St. Bridget's numbers about 100 families, who, though not wealthy, never fail to respond to their beloved pastor's call for material aid when required. LOOGOOTEE, MARTIN COUNTY. St. John's Church, at Loogootee. — Loogootee itself is a new town and the church here did not })recede it. It dates its growth from the building of the O. & M. railroad, and this is a milestone, as it were, marking the change in commerce from the old to the new, for previous to the building of the O. & M. railroad, the adja- cent town, Mt. Pleasant, on White river, was the great shipping point and the means of transfer was by flat boats, while now it is by railroad from Loogootee. Judge Thomas Gootee was the founder of this city. He owned part of the land on which it was originally situated, and William Grays owned the west half of the site. Before 1857 it was little but a dreary swamp. In 1853 the O. & M. road was commenced and completed in 1857 at Loogoo- tee. So as the old kind of commerce passed away the old shipping town, Mt. Pleasant, also passed away and Loogootee, immediatel)^ on the railroad, grew and prospered. A few frame buildings were first erected. In 1857 a two-story store room was built for and occupied by Gampbell &Breen, and in the upper floor of this mass was first celebrated. Later it was offered up in another frame building across the street. This was owned by a Mr. Gootee. A new number of the railroaders were among the first members of the parish, but some were added to it from St. Mary's and St. Peter's, 22 (361) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY while others removed from St. Martin's. It also received a few valuable additions in the way of business men, who saw the impor- tance of the place as a trading point. Of these men, Campbell & Breen came from Washington, and Patrick Larkin and the O'Briens from Mt. Pleasant. Rev. Father John Mougin organized the new congregation and built the new church. Fr. Mougin kept his books in good order and few material facts necessary in a history of the parish are omitted. The books are dated October, 1859. The corner-stone was laid in April, i860, and one feature of the day was the presence of the Jasper band. The church had been so far completed by the next year that a mission was given in it by Father Damen. At this time it was without floor or pews, and it is now amusing to hear those who were present tell of that mission, and the way in which boards, boxes and blocks were utilized in arranging temporary seats for the crowds that gathered. Rev. John Mougin, who at first only visited from St. Mary's, now came to Loogootee and from here visited St. Mary's and St. Martin's. During i860 and 1861, G. M. Ginnsz, then a student for the priesthood, spent his vacation with Father Mougin and interested himself in planting some young trees. Later he became pastor of the church, and these trees were there to shelter him. The work on the church was continued after the mission of 1861, and in January, 1863, the debt of the church was $750. Announc- ing this to the congregation. Father Mougin proposed to pay $300 of the debt if the congregation would pay the remaining $450. They took him at his word, and very soon the total debt was can- celed. It was he that provided the first school-room for the par- ish and brought the Sisters here. Rev. Father Mougin left in 1864, and was succeeded by Rev. L. Gueguen, who purchased the land for and established a cemetery. In 1866 he built the present substantial two-story brick residence. In the summer of 1869, a member of the parish, James Farrell, died, and soon after his wife followed him to the grave. They bequeathed $6, 200 to St. John's, and this magnificent sum put the congregation in an excellent financial condition, at least, when it was finally gotten possession of, but there was some delay (362) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. to St. John's church, and there being no such corporation or indi- vidual, the executors could not pay the money over promptly. The matter was taken into court, and after an expenditure of about $1,500 Father Gueguen finally secured the appointment of a trustee in whom the property could be vested for the use of the congregation. A new church was needed, and this generous gift enabled the building of one without much delay. The lots on which the present church stands were a part of the gift. The corner-stone of the first church at Loogootee was laid by Bishop de St. Palais, and a grand sermon was preached by the elo- quent divine, P. Bede O'Connor. There was a great gathering, and it was a gala day. The corner-stone of the present church was laid in 1880 by Rt. Rev. Bishop Chatard. He also preached the sermon. Excursion trains were run on the O. & ^f. from both east and west, and Loogootee saw again the great crowd and the gala day of i860. Only a few priests had the staying qualities of Father Gueguen, who for twenty-one years was the pastor. He saw many changes in that time, yet changed little himself in his quiet methods of building up the parish. The altar in the present church is a pretty Gothic one, cost $500, and was donated by Mrs. James J. Campbell, now of New- port, Kentucky. Rev. Father Ginnsz gave the new church several finishing touches, such as stone steps and new pews, costing $500, two bells, one of which weighs 1,200 pounds and the other 450 pounds, and new fences have been put around the premises. These are minor matters, compared with Father Ginnsz's really great work while stationed here, which was the building of the substan- tial and pretty two-story brick school-house. It has three large school-rooms, handsomely furnished, and a large hall overhead, that is used for fairs, concerts, school entertainments, and as a meeting place for the parish societies. Branch No. 6^, Catholic Knights of America, was organized here May 24, 1879, and in 1887 Rev. Father Ginnsz organized a total abstinence society, but it did not last long. He was succeeded practically by Rev. Timothy O'Donaghue, although for a few months before Rev. O'Donaghue took charge Rev. W. H. Slavin and Rev, Fitzpatrick attended. (363) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY LOWELL, LAKL COir.NTY. Lowell Parish, in Lake county, is a mission attached to St. Augustine's church, of Rensselaer, Jasper county. In 1865, divine services were first held in Lowell at the house of John Hack, a leading Catholic of the village, and the second services were held in 1868, at Sigler's hall, when Bishop Luers presided. At this time the parish was full}- organized, and for a year or more wor- shiped in a brick factory-building. In 1871 the erection of a frame church-edifice was begun, but this was not finished until 1882, at a cost of $1,000. For two years after the church was closed in, services were held therein once a month, and then, for three years, there was no service held at all. After this, the congregation being re-organized and placed on a sounder basis, it was able to support services once a month, and this practice was continued until January, 1882, when arrangements were made for services to be held each fortnight. Rev. Father Ganser ofificiating. MADISON, JEFFERSON COUNTY. St. Mary's (German Catholic) Church, at Madison, was founded about 1850, and for its history the publishers of this work are indebted for the following information, up to 1 881, to a volume published by the Rev. H. Alerding, in 1883. Although the German element of the Catholic population of Madison and vicinity was considerable from the beginning, yet it was not deemed opportune to have a separate church until 1850. In the early times Rev. Joseph Ferneding, Rev. Charles Opper- mann, Rev. Alphonse Munschina, and others, visited Madison from time to time to administer the sacraments to those German Cath- olics who were unable to speak the English language. On August 2, 1848, Rev. Father Joseph Fischer was sent to administer to the German portion of St. Michael's congregation, and in January, 1850, the Rev. Anthony Carius came to Madison and immediately made preparations for the building of a church for the Germans. In the same year the lot was bought, and the foundation and cor- ner-stone laid. In 185 I the walls were built and the church put under roof. St. Mary's congregation is much indebted to the Rev. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Joseph Kundeck, who was temporarily located in Madison. By his prudence and energy, he assisted materially in organising the congregation, creating peace and harmony among the discontented and soliciting subscriptions for the new church. To form a new congregation and build a church is always an arduous undertaking, but here it seemed to be particularly so. It was a continuous struggle for six years. The following priests had charge of St. Mary's congregation during this period: Rev. Anthony ('arius from January, 1850, to March. 1852; Rev. Joseph Kundeck, in 1850; Rev. Charles Schafroth, from April, 1852, to April, 1853; Rev. Bede O'Connor, (). S. B.,from May to July, 1853; Rev. Edward Martinovic, from July, 1853, to May, 1855; Rev. Anthony Carius again from May, 1855, to February, 1856. The Rev. Leonard Brandt took charge of St. Mary's church on the 6th of February, 1856. At his arrival the outlook afforded little encouragement. The church was incumbered with a debt of $6,000. The income was so trifling that not even the meager salaries of the pastor and the teacher could be collected. Every- thing in and about the church was in a forlorn condition. By the energy of Father Brandt, however, things soon assumed a different aspect. Aided by the more generous portion of the congregation, he w^as soon enabled to replace the rickety wooden steps in front of the church with substantial stone steps. A new altar and statues were also procured. Vestments, chalises, and other church utensils were purchased and donated by the various societies. December i, 1858, the house west of the church was bought for a parsonage. In i860 the steeple was built, and a beautiful chime of bells placed in it. In 1864 a large organ was bought. March 6, 1865, a dwelling, situated immediately east of the church, and better suited for a pastoral residence, was secured for $3,000. The school-house, in the rear of the church, becoming too small for the number of children in attendance, a large three-story brick building near the church was purchased on September 13, 1865, for the sum of $6,000 and fitted up for a school-house. November 20, 1867, fourteen acres of land, about one mile north of the church, were bought for $2,000 for cemetery purposes. The church, becoming too small, fifty feet were added to its length in ~{365) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY 1869, and the interior of the church frescoed. In 1876 the con- gregation deemed a better and more convenient school-house a necessity. Preparations for it were made April 8, 1876, by the purchase of a house and lot immediately west of the first pastoral residence, for the sum of $2,500. This purchase furnished the Sisters, who taught the girls of the congregation, a suitable dwell- ing, and also sufftcient additional ground for the school. The old pastoral residence was removed, and an imposing edifice, contain- ing four large school-rooms and a large, well ventilated hall, was completed in 1877, at a cost of $7,000. This school-house is an ornament to the city, and the crowning act of Father Brandt's great work at Madison. Father Brandt's labors were not wholly confined to Madison. He had several missions to attend; one of them was Indianapolis, which he attended on the third Sunday of the month, and where he commenced the building of the present St. Mary's church. We can barely realize all the hard work done by the indefatigable Father Brandt; however, it is all recorded in the Book of Life. After a lingering, painful illness. Father Brandt departed this life on April 13, 1881, in the fifty-eighth year of his age. He had the following priests for assistants: Rev. G. H. Ostlangenberg, from May to November, 1861; Rev. Theodore Antoni, from May to December, 1866; Rev. Francis Torbeck, from February, 1878, to May, 1881. The latter had charge of the congregation until Father Brandt's successor was appointed. Father Brandt was ordained by Bishop de St. Palais, at Vincennes, as follows: Tonsure and minor orders, December 13; subdeacon, December 26; deacon, December 27, 1852; priest, January i, 1853. His first mission was St. John Baptist's German congrega- tion at Vincennes. From there he came to Madison. Very Rev. J. B. H. Seepe is the present efficient pastor of St. Mar5''s, and his personal sketch will be found in Vol. II. St. Michael's Church, at Madison, was founded m 1837, ^^e first resident priest being the Rev. Michael Edgar Shawe,. who came to assume his pastoral duties March 12. His first baptismal record was July 30, and from November, 1837, to June, 1838, he was assisted by Rev. J. F. Plunkett, but it was not until Decem- IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. ber 22, 1839, that the first St. Michael's church was dedicated to the service of God, and to Father Shawe is due the credit of hav- ing raised the funds to defray the cost of the erection of the build- ing. Rev. Etienne Chartier succeeded Father Shawe in Novem- ber, 1840, and remained until September, 1841, and after him came Rev. Vincent Bacciuelin, who resided in Madison from Jan- uary to April, 1842, and, following him, Rev. F. Miller remained from May to November, 1842. The Rev. Julian Delaune took charge of St. Michael's church on the loth of August, 1843, and resided at Madison until June, 1846. To this zealous priest the Catholics of Madison owe a debt of gratitude for his untiring endeavors to establish Catholic schools. He opened his school September 26, 1843, at first, for want of better accommodations, in the church, and afterward in the base- ment of the church, which had been fitted up for that purpose. The school was in charge of the Brothers of St. Joseph. In the following year Father Delaune engaged the Sisters of Providence to take charge of his school. They came to Madison on the 27th day of August, 1844, and opened their school on Broadway and Third streets, where they remained until 1868. In that year they purchased their prop erty on Second and Mulberry streets (the Academy of the Holy Angels), afterward sold and is now the Madi- son Hotel, the Sisters returning to Broadway and Third streets. Before his advent in Madison Father Delaune had charge of St. Patrick's, St. Peter's and St. Mary's, in Daviess county. In June, 1846, leaving Madison, he became president of St. Mary's college, in Louisville, and conducted it with ability and success for two years. Encouraged by propositions that were made him he went to Rochester, in the diocese of Buffalo, to assume the direction of a new college in that city. But sickness soon compelled him to suspend his functions. He was a native of France, and returning, died in Paris, France, on May 4, 1849, aged about thirty-seven years. He was a pious, active, zealous, devoted and charitable priest, and a man of much energy of character and earnestness of purpose. After the short pastorate of Rev. Daniel Maloney, from July to September, 1846, the Rev. Maurice de St. Palais was appointed "(367) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY pastor of St. Michael's church in October, 1846. He was recalled by his Bishop in December, 1847, ^o ^H ^^e important office of vicar-^eneral and superior of the ecclesiastical seminary at Vin- cennes. During his short stay this self-sacrificing priest did much to promote the temporal and spiritual welfare of the congregation. The Rev. Hippolyte Dupontavice was Father de St. Palais' immediate successor. Under his long and auspicious administra- tion of nearly twenty-seven years St. Michael's church visibly flourished and spread. At North Madison, a suburb of Madison, he built St. Patrick's church about 1854. The Catholics having no cemetery of their own he purchased several acres of land near North Madison and built on it a mortuary chapel. He was the soul of every enterprise that tended to benefit religion; and being of a noble and generous disposition he became endeared to the hearts of all that came in contact with him. He was a native of France and came to this country in 1839, being the first priest ordained by Bishop de la Hailandiere on November 30 of the same year. He labored in Illinois until it became separated from the diocese of Vincennes, when he was sent to Washington, Daviess county. He was called to his eternal reward on Ma\ 27, 1874, aged sixty-four years. The Rev. Joseph Petit succeeded Father Dupontavice. He followed closely in the footsteps of his revered predecessor. By his efforts the debts of St. Michael's church were considerably reduced. To the great sorrow of his congregation. Father Petit, in the prime of life, died on September 10, 1881. He was born at Forbache, Loraine, March 19, 1834, and was educated at the house of his uncle, a priest, entering the seminary at the age of nineteen. At twenty-two he joined the Dominicans, and was with Lacordaire, but after some time left on account of ill health and spent a while at All Hallows, Dublin, after which he joined Bishop Yunker, of Alton, 111., and was ordained by him. His first mission was at St. Marie, a French village in Illinois. In 1864 he was received into the diocese of Vincennes and became assistant at St. John's church, Indianapolis, and later was pastor of St. Patrick's church. Returning from a visit to France in 1869, he was again at St. John's, and in 1873 built St. Joseph's church. He was (368r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. removed from St. Joseph's at his own option to St. Michael's, Madison. The Rev. John Mougin was pastor of St. Michael's church for ten months. Rev. Edward M. Faller took charge of St. Michael's church on October 12, 1882, and of this reverend gentleman a biographical sketch will be found on another page. From July, 1885, Rev. I^ouis Gueguen held the pastorate of St. Michael's until November, 1890, when he was transferred to the cathedral at Vincennes. The present pastor of St. Michael's is the Rev. M. L. Guth- neck, of whose worthy labors here record is also made in another part of these volumes. MAKIAH IllIJ., SPENCER COUNTY. Help of Christians Church. — The first mass was said in this parish in 1857 in a frame church, on a day within the octave of the festival of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, by Rev. Father Ulrich Christen, O. S. B., from Ferdinand, and on May 24, 1858, the first patron feast was celebrated; Fathers Ulrich Christen, O. S. B. and Isidor Hobi, O. S. B., were present. In i860, April 24, ihe town was laid out under the direc- tion of Rev. Father Isidor Hobi, O. S. B., and in 1865, May 24, the corner-stone of the present church v/as laid, by Father Isidor Hobi ,0. S. B. ; Rev. Fintan Mundw.ler, O. S. B., preached the ser- mon, and Rev. Fidelis Maute, O. S. B., from St. Meinrad, was pres- ent as the attendant priest. Father Ulrich Christen, O. S. B., was the attendant priest from 1857 to September, 1858, from Ferdinand, then Father Isidor Hobi, O. S. B., from October, 1858, to October, i860. In 1859 the site for the cemetery was selected. The parish was in charge of Rev. Finten Mundwiler, O. S. B. , from i860 to 1862. and there were about forty families in the congregation. The next priest was Father Martin Marty, O. S. B., and he was succeeded by Father Wolfgang Schlumpf, O. S. B. ; then came Father Fidelis Maute, O. S. B., who began the erection of the present stone church, mentioned already above. After Father Fidelis' time the parish was attended by Bene- dictines from St. Meinrad until 1873, as foLows: Revs. Henry A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Hug, Benno Gerber, Placidus Zarn and Isidor Hobi, The latter priest erected the priest's home in November. 1873. Rev. Conrad Ackerman, O. S. B., was the first resident priest; he took charge of the parish in November, 1873; he was followed by Rev. Alphonse Leute, O. S. B., and he was succeeded by Revs. Wolfgang Schlumpf, Ildephonse Zarn, Silvan Buschor and Alexander Burkart, all Benedictines. The latter was succeeded by the present priest, Rev. Maurice Wagner, O. S. B., who came to the parish September 22, 1883, and is yet the efficient priest. The parish is out of debt and in a flourishing state. The priests and nuns who came from Help of the Christian parish are as follows: Revs. Simon Barber, Bernard Heichelbach, and Vin- cent Wagner, all O. S. B. ; Charles Wagner, Secular; Benno Schum, C. SS. R., and Marcus Meyer, O. S. B. ; Sister Hilde- gard Schum, Anselma Bettag, Rosa Bettag, Bonifacia Jochim, Chunigund Jochim, Ignatia Wagner and Clara W^agner, all O. S. B. ; also Sisters Martha Schwop (Urseline), Agnes Demuth, O. S. B. , and Clementina Roos, O. S. B., the last three named being deceased. MARTIN COUNTY. St. Joseph's Parish, of Martin county, was formerly attached to St. Michael's under the guidance of Father Matthews, pastor of St. Michael's. Before the organization of St. Michael's it was attended by the pastors of St. Mary's. In 1848 it was known as Miles Settlement, and the following families attended: Miles, Carrico, Oueen, Clements, Ash, Strange and Kidwell, who were all Kentuckians or Marylanders. In 1850 a station was estab- lished, near Salem, at Henry Green's. There were also stations established at Wade's, northwest of St. Mary's, and at Bloom- field and Scotland, in Greene county. The stations attached were also attended from St. Mary's, mass being said alter- nate Sundays at Mt. Pleasant and St. Mary's. The church now known as St. Joseph's was built about 1880. A pre- vious one, in what is known properly as the Miles Set- tlement, was about four miles northeast of the present building, and over this Father Murphy had the administration, as well as at (370P IN THK STATE OF INDIANA. St. Joseph's. One of the parishioners was Bazel Clements, a pio- neer settler, and in 1840 he gave a bond to Joseph Queen, for a deed to one acre of land "in the district of lands offered for sale at Vincennes, on condition that Joseph Queen would finish the then incomplete church." So it seems that a church was started there previous to 1840, but those that lived in that locality usually give 1854 as the date of building the first church, which they say was never finished, and 1880 as the date of the present church, which is about four miles southwest of the first. The bond above referred to. and still to be seen, was written and attested by William Sha- rum, a justice of the peace; Charles Jones witnessed the signature with merely his mark. St. Martin's Church.— In November, 1883, St. Martin's received its first resident pastor, in the person of Rev. Charles Curran. He at once set to work with an earnestness and deter- mination that, in conjunction with the willing aid given by the people, he soon made the rather lonely and isolated church look far more inviting and attractive. Some of the trees and under- growth were cleared away, the church was roofed and furnished interiorly with pews, vestry, etc., and a new house was built for the pastor. This was all accomplished in the one year and ten months that Father Curran was here, and he left without leaving any debt behind, in September, 1885. He was succeeded by the Rev. W. H. Slaven, but recently ordained. This was the latter's first parish, and he fell in with the modern economy of keeping things in good repair and of gradually making improvements. He furnished the residence, which is a two-story frame of eight rooms, well arranged; built a sacristy to the church, added some improve- ments inside, purchased a fine bell, which was blessed by the Rev. J. W. Doyle, of Washington, and built an eighty-six-foot tower, in which the bell hangs. The church has also been ceiled and the ceihng nicely painted. In the words of Father Slaven, used at that time, "No one or few deserve particular praise. We all work together and credits are to be equally divided. Such are they happy circumstances under which so much has been accom- plished by this young congregation, as I may call it, though it is A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY the successor of the very old parish at Mt. Pleasant. Nor is it in a material way alone that the parish is being built up. The right reverend bishop visited the parish this summer and twenty-five boys and thirty girls, all well prepared, were confirmed. As there is no regular parochial school in the parish, the amount of labor entailed is easily understood." Subsequently, the pastor provided amis- sion "for his people and it was productive of much good. The con- gregation is composed of the descendants of the early settlers, chiefly from Kentucky, and of those who worked on the old pike from New Albany westward, and half are Irish, or of Irish descent. In the four years that Father Slaven was in charge he had 1 1 3 infant baptisms and only seven funerals, two of the latter being those of Richard Arvin and a Mrs. Kelly, both aged persons. An annual festival or picnic is usually given by the congregation, which is always successful from both a financial and a social point of view. Father Slaven was succeeded by the Rev. James Strem- ler, D. D., the present pastor. ST. MAURICE, DECATUR COUNTY. St. Maurice village was laid out in 1858 and was named St. Maurice because of the protection of Bishop Maurice de St. Palias. The School Brothers started an educational institution, but after the death of Brother John Mary Weitman it was aban- doned. The Brothers had laid out the town on forty acres of ground, of which 9.35 acres belonged to St. Maurice's congrega- tion. What is now used as the larger school-room was originally built and used as the chapel. The parish of St. Maurice came under the care of Enochsburg parish and the church records begin in 1862. The first church building, which was a frame, now used as a school-house, was erected in 1858 by Brother John Mary Weit- man, and here mass was first said by the Franciscan priest at Enochsburg. There were sixteen families in the parish at that time. The ten acres of ground and the school-building cost $2,000. They raised $1,000 and borrowed the remainder. The first resi- dent priest was appointed in 1884, in the person of Rev. Ferdi- nand Hundt, who remained until 1886. He was succeeded by (372) IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA. Rev. Father Francis X. Seegtnuller, who remained until January 28. 1 891, and he was succeeded by the present efficient rector, Rev. John B. Unverzagt. The present beautiful church was erected in i88r and 1882 by Rev. Charles Schoeppner, and on September 24. 1882, was dedicated by Bishop Chatard. The total cost of the church-build- ing is placed at $10,000. The rectory was finished in 1885, at a cost of $2,200. The parish property is beautifully located, cleanly kept, and is valued at $20,000. MILLERSBURC, ELKHART COrXTV. St. Henry's Congregation, at Millersburg, was attended as a mission from Avilla, Noble county, from 1863, and mass said in various houses until it became a mission of Goshen, when Rev. H. A. Boeckelmann visited the parish and erected a church, 'although it was due to the efforts of Father Duehmig that the first subcrip- tions were taken up for this purpose. The church building, 30 x 46 feet, was finally completed by Father Boeckelman, and was dedicated during the pastorate of Rev. A. J. Kroeger. The con- gregation at that time numbered about twenty families, but the number has since decreased, and they are mostly Germans. For a long time the congregation remained as a mission of Avilla and Goshen, but is now a mission attended to by the clergy of St. Patrick's, Ligonier. MILLHOUSEX, DECATUK COUXTV. The Immaculate Conception, at Millhousen, Ind.. Rev. J. P. Gillig, pastor, was the first Catholic parish organized in the county of Decatur. As early as 1840, Maximilian Schneider donated forty acres of land, June 20, in trust,' to Right Rev. Celestine de la Hailandiere, bishop of Vincennes, for the benefit of the Catholics of Millhousen, and in the same year the congregation, consisting of thirteen fam- ilies, decided to erect a house of worship. This was a plain log building, 20x24 feet, with a rough exterior, chinked and daubed with mud, and was constructed under the auspices of Rev. Joseph Ferneding. The flock was comprised of Germans, and among the A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY foremost of these in promoting the interests of the congregation as well as of the town, was Bernard Hardebeck. The first mission- ary priests following Father Ferneding were Revs. Conrad Schnie- derjans, M. O'Rourke and Ramon Weinzoepfel, who labored until 1843. From 1843 until 1854, Rev. Alphonse Munschina and Rev. Joseph Rudolf were the only two laborers in this field, and of these Father Rudolf, whose residence was at Oldenburg, performed pro- digious work, visiting Franklin, Dearborn, Ripley and Decatur counties. The increase of Catholics at Millhousen was surprising, where- fore they determined to build, instead of the wooden church,, a good-sized brick church, 38x60 feet. This was completed in 1850, and dedicated as St. Boniface's church. As the Rev. Al- phonse Munschina, who had charge of the church, resided at St. Ann's, Jennings county, it was deemed expedient by the people to have a priest residing in their midst; at their request, Rev. Peter Kreusch built, in 1856, the present parish house, which at the time was the finest in the diocese. In 1857 he erected a large school-house and now the congregation have two splendid brick school-buildings, and the schools are attended by 170 pupils. The schools are in charge of the Franciscan Sisters of Oldenburg, assisted by a lay teacher for boys. The erection of the church of the Immaculate Conception, 55 x 140 feet and 46^ feet in height, was commenced under Rev. F. Hundt, the ceremonies of laying the corner-stone occurring May 24, 1867, and the building was completed under the pastorate of Rev. Dr. Hueser and dedicated August 4, 1869. No- vember 7, 1870, Rev. F. W. Pepersack took charge and was suc- ceeded in July, 1885, by Rev. Joseph Schuck, and he, in 1891, by the present pastor, Rev. John P. Gillig. In 1892-93 a spire was built, so that now the whole height is about 175 feet. The con- gregation consists of about 175 families. MISHAWAKA, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. St. Joseph's Church at Mishawaka. — By reference to page 1104, vol. II of this history, the reader will find, in the personal sketch of the Rev. A. B. Oechtering, that he was appointed pastor of St. Joseph's church at Mishawaka May 17, 1867. Prior to that (374)" IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. date the parish had been in a most flourishing condition, and Father Oechtering has continued to improve this happy state of affairs. In 1886 the building was found to be entirely inadequate for the wants of the congregation, and a fund for the building of a new church was started by Father Oechtering, and in 1890 active preparations were begun for the erection of a new church, but it was defe:red on account of the pastor's poor health, and five months of that year were spent in traveling through Europe in search of health, and he was much benefited by the change. Upon his return he began active work again, and in the beginning of 1891 the foundation was laid and the corner-stone placed in position by Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher, of Nashville, Tenn., the ceremony taking place August 30, 1891, before an audience of about 10,000 people. The total cost of the new church was nearly $50,000. It is 160x60 feet, its spire rising to the height of 180 feet, and it was first occupied for divine worship in October, 1893. MONROEVILLE, ALLEN COUNTY. St. Rose of Lima Church, at Monroeville, dates its history from about the year 1850, when the then Rev. J. Benoit first min- istered to the few Catholic families of the place, saying mass, alter- nately, at the homes of a Mr. Jeffrey and a Mr. Griffith. Later on, both Fathers Benoit and Madden made regular visits for a time and availed themselves of a room in the house of John Hayes, as a chapel, and following them, in 1868, Rev. E. P. Walters, from Fort Wayne, and after a few monthly visits, erected a frame church, 28x52 feet, which served its sacred purpose for nineteen years. The debt of $300 resting upon this structure was canceled by Rev. Walters' successor. Rev. J. H. Brammer, who was succeeded, in turn, by Revs. J. H. Graham, A. M. Meili, A. Heitman, T. Hib- belen, J. Grogan, H. T. Wilken and B. Hartman. The cemetery of the congregation was acquired during the pastorate of Father Wilken, and during that of Father Hartman a pastoral residence was erected in 1882. The first resident pastor was the Rev. J. Grogan, mentioned above, who was appointed in 1884, but was 1375) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY succeedeci, in the same year by Rev. J. Hoss, and he, in 1887, by Rev. B. Hartman. In October, of the year last mentioned, St. Rose of Lima church was destroyed by fire, but at once a subscription Hst was started, and the handsome sum of $4,500 quickly raised, to which sum the Protestants of the town somewhat contributed, and not at all niggardly. The foundation for the new church was begun in' the spring of 1888, and on the first day of July following the cor- ner-stone was laid by Bishop Dwenger. The superstructure is of brick, is 32x92 feet in dimensions, is Gothic in style, has a spire 102 feet in height, and the total cost of the building was $9,500. The edifice was dedicated May 12, 1889, by Bishop Dwenger, and among the several pastors who have since attended none has proved more acceptable than the present, the Rev. L. R. Paquet. MONTGOMERY, DAVIESS COUNTY. St. Peter's is the oldest parish in either Daviess or Martin county, and was founded about 181 8. by Catholics from Ken- tucky, a church -loving people, and they had not long been here when they were sought out by Fathers Blanc and Champonier, of \'incennes. The first settlers were the Montgomerys, the Kid- wells, and the Dants, and it was at the house of Mr. Montgomery that mass was first said. Very soon— perhaps in 1820 — these men, under the direction of Father Blanc, built a rude log church, scarcely 16x20 feet. When Father Blanc w^as recalled to New Orleans in 1820, he was succeeded in his visitations by Rev. Cham- ponier, who visited the place monthly for about two years. He was succeeded by Rev. L. P. Lalumiere, who visited the settle- ment from Vincennes for a time, and afterward became its first resident pastor. He is credited with building a hewed-log church, 24 X 30 feet, which was as early as 1823, and a frame one, 40 x 60 feet, which was completed in 1827, and blessed by Bishop Flaget in 1829, assisted by the then young Father Abel, and on this occa- sion confirmed forty-seven persons. The third church was of brick. Part of these bricks were intended for college buildings, but with the removel of Father Sorin to the northern part of the state, these buildings were lost sight of. The church was built by IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. French carpenters from Vincennes under the direction oi lit. Rev. l^ishop de la Hailandiere, and of Father Diicoudray, who was later its pastor. It is said by some that these carpenters were brouj^ht over especially to do the bishop's work. Certain it is, that much of their work was very faulty and this church did not last long. One of the subscriptions later on was for strengthening its walls, to render it safe. This was soon after Father Piers took charge in 1847, and it could not have been built longer than five years, as Father Sorin left in 1842. It was then decided to erect a new church, and to exchange the old site to the proposed town of Mont- gomery. This church was completed in 1869, at a cost of $8,000, a great part of the work being done by the parishioners. Father Piers had all the features of the building planned before he began the work, and carved out with a pen knife a perfect model of the contemplated structure. The church was blessed July 18, 1869, and August Farrell and Sarah Healey were the first couple married in it. The substantial two-story frame school-building Father Piers put up soon after, and in 1885 the present school-building was completed. The bell tower and steeple were put on the church in 1887, and a fine new bell was purchased. The parochial school is maintained ten months in the year, with a good enrolment, though a large number of the scholars are from the country. John Byrne taught here, or in the parish, during war-times, and left behind him some creditable work in the way of well-trained minds — sev- eral of his pupils subsequently figuring conspicuously in the affairs of Daviess county. Miss Annie Byrne, a niece of Father Piers, also conducted the school creditably a number of years, and after- ward a Frank Walker. The succession of clergy, as gleaned from records and tradi- tions, is as follows, with no uncertainty, unless as to e.xactness of two or thee dates: Rev. Napoleon Blanc, previous to 1820; Rev. M. Champonier, 1820 to the time when Rev. S. P. Lalumiere took charge, and remained until 1837; Rev. M. de St. Palais until 1839; Rev. J. Delaune until 1841; Rev. Granedir only transiently; Rev. E. Sorin until 1843; Revs. Chartier, Courjault, Francois Parret, transiently during 1843 after the departure of Father Sorin; 23 ~Wf) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Father Ducoudra}-, 1842 (end of year) until 1847; then Father Barthol Piers until 1895, when Father P. Rowan took charge, and the same priest remains yet, in 1898. In discussing the early history of St. Peter's parish, we may add: In connection^with Rev. Father Sorin's stay in this parish, the following will be of interest. In August, 1888, on the occasion of the celebration of Father Sorin's jubilee, at Notre Dame, John Breen and a Mr. Kelley were the only ones present from the local- ity of St. Peter's. During their stay Mr. Breen, in conversation with Father Sorin, referred to the tradition among the people here as to his intending to found a college at St. Peter's, and he told this incident of his stay here: Yes; I with some of the brothers was temporarily at St. Peter's. We were upon very close rations, too. One day a neigh- bor named Hayes came to see me and asked how I was, etc. I told him I was not feeling well, that I had not had anything for dinner that da}-. He at once requested me to send some of the brothers with him and he would see that I was not without my din- ner another day. I did so, and soon we had several sacks of meal, meat, and other desirable provisions. On the same occasion he related to Mr. Breen the circum- stances of his leaving the southern for the northern part of the state as follows: Bishop de la Hailandiere sent for me and told me of the extensive lands near the lakes in the north, and offered them to me on the condition that I would found a college there; I did not want to go, but he insisted, and proffered me his horse to ride; I went, and the trip took me a week. I was pleased w^ith the place and at once made arrangements to establish ourselves. Of the brothers who left St. Peter's with Father Sorin, two, Brother Vincent, ninety-three years of age, and Brother Xavier, over sixty-six years old, were living in the year 1889, but are now deceased (March i), 1898. In his sermon at the golden jubilee of Father Sorin, at Notre Dame, in August, 1888. Bishop Ireland spoke of six brothers who came with Father Sorin from France, 1841 as the year of his coming and 1842 as the year he first set foot on the banks of the IN THE STATE Ol' INDIANA. St. Joe river. This aj^rees with existing' records and traditions, and the names of these six brothers are well remembered by several. The following were named by Miss Lizzie O'Dell, who went to school to these brothers, viz: Anselm, Gashien, Joachim, Lawrence Vincent, Francis and Marien; one, who was known as Brother Joseph, was teaching at St. Peter's when the above-men- tioned arrived. He had been connected with the Trappist order of Europe, but could not endure the severities of their rule and left. About ten others joined them, but when they left for the north, these latter, who were young men of the surrounding neighbor- hood, did not go along, not having taken their obligations. When they left St. Peter's they had the land they were on nearly all in wheat, having leased much of it in order to have it cleared. There were no Sisters of the Holy Cross with Father Sorin. Father Lalumiere had introduced the Sisters of Charity at an earlier date, but they remained but a short time; later, Father Ducoudray induced the Sisters to establish a school here, but they only remained about three years, when they withdrew. St. Peter's cemetery is the most historic of all the parochial burying grounds in Daviess county, because it contains the remains of early settlers from other parishes, or at least many of them. Since the beginning of Father Rowan's pastorate of St. Peter's parish, in 1895, wonderful improvements have been perfected, in church, school and parish. The improvements prominent which have been made during his pastorate are the interior decorations, the covering of the church with a slate roof, and new oaken seats of superior workmanship. The parochial school, under the charge of the Sisters of Providence, has also been established. The ele- gant home of the priest, erected of brick and stone of the most modern style of architecture, with modern conveniences, stands adjacent to the church on the north side. Since Father Rowan assumed the pastoral duties of St. Peter's, the whole amount of improvements made by him, from 1895 to 1898, will aggregate to almost $1 1 ,500. The value of the Roman Catholic property, in Montgomery, and the appendix at Cannelburg, Ind., and including the quarter section of coal land one mile west of the village, is esti- mated at $55,000, which indicates a marvelous growth since its "(379) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY establishment in 1818. The parish is in a very healthy state. St. Peter's being the second oldest parish in the state of Indiana. The parochial schools are well attended, having an enrolment of about 140 pupils. There are five Sisters, three as teachers, one as instructor in music, and one as cook and assistant. MONTEREY, PULASKI COUNTY. St. Ann's Church, at Monterey, was organized in 1858 by Rev. F. E. Nigh, the church-building at that time being a small edifice, two miles northwest of the village. In 1883 a new church was erected in the village during the pastorate of Rev. George Fleisch, at a cost of about $5,000, and the priest's residence was built in 1889 by Rev. Charles Thiele, at a cost of $1,700. It is of brick, is two stories high, and is beautifully located at the back of the church. The school-house was erected by Father Thiele in 1895 at a cost of $2,700, and the school enrolment reaches seventy pupils, who are under the instruction of three Sisters of St. Agnes. The congregation numbers sixty-five families, mostly German, and the sodalities attached to the church — the German Rosary society and the Young Ladies' sodality — are in a prosperous condition. St. Ann's parish has been attended by the holy clergy in the following order: 1869, Rev. Henry Kcenig; 1873, Rev. M. Beatrice Ziswyler, C. PP. S; 1876, Rev. Theobald Shoch; 1879, Rev. P. Conrad Schneider; 1880, Rev. George Fleisch; 1886, Rev. Erhardt Fritz, C. PP. S.; 1888, Rev. Charles Thiele; 1898. Rev. G. A. Zern — the last named being the present pastor, who is rapidly rising in the esteem of his flock. MORRIS, RIPLEY COUNTY. St. Anthony's Church. — About the year 1840 some German Catholic families began to settle at Morris, then known as Spring- field, and in its neighborhood. The place received its present name, Morris, in 1856. These Catholics became members of the neighboring congregations of Oldenburg and St. Nicholas. A log school-house was erected in 1855, measuring 24x18 feet, on ground (five acres) donated for church and school purposes. The Catholic families at that time numbered twenty-five. (380P IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. After some delay Bishop de St. Palais gave his consent to the erection of a church. This church, built of stone, was 60x40 feet, exclusive of sanctuary. The corner-stone was laid in the spring of 1855, and was dedicated on October 29, 1856. The first mass in it was said by Rev. Joseph Rudolf on June 13 of the following year. In i86[ a stone school-house was erected, 36x24 feet. About the same time a frame dwelling was built fcjr the Sisters of St. Francis, two of whom took charge of the school. From 1855 until 1 86 1 lay teachers had conducted the school. Until the arrival of the first resident pastor, in 1866, Morris was attended from Oldenburg, five miles distant, once or twice a month. Father Rudolf's assistants who visited Morris may be mentioned: Rev. F. \\'eber, a native of Switzerland, Rev. J. Weissenberger, a German priest, and Rev. William Doyle, who, though an Irish- man, spoke the German language fiuently. In 1865 a two-story parsonage of bricks, 32 x 22 feet, was erected at a cost of $2,200. The first resident pastor was the Rev. R. Weinzoepfel, from April 19, 1866, until July, 1873. Partial loss of his eyesight and other infirmities compelled him to resign. He subsequentl became a member of St. Meinrad's abbey. Father Weinzoepfel built a second school, with residence for Sisters, measuring 52x26 feet, at a cost of only $3,000. He also procured new bells and three new altars. The Rev. John Stolz was pastor from 1873 until 1878. He provided a new organ at a cost of $1,200. Sickness compelled him to resign. The Rev. A. Danenhoffer had charge from 1878 until 1882. He paid a small balance of indebtedness still remain- ing. Rev. Caspar Seller arrived in the spring of 1883. He was born at Dietikon, Switzerland, on April 16, 1846, and emigrated in 1875, having been ordained priest in his native country on June II, 1 87 1. In 1884 a new church was erected, and in 1888 Rev. F. X. Girolt was placed in charge of the parish. The labors of this energetic priest, as well as the subsequent history of St. Anthony's, will be found in detail in the biographical sketch of this reverend gentleman in Vol. II of this work. The parochial school, attached to St. Anthony's, is taught by three Sisters of St. Francis, "1381) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY and numbers an attendance of 135, who are progressing rapidly under the care of these worthy Ststers. MOUNT PLEASANT, MARTIN COUNTY. The earliest accounts traceable in regard to Catholic services here extend back many years anterior to the building of a church. The first Catholic settlers were here as early as 1819, at least. It was in that year that O'Brian came, and his relative by marriage, one Jerre Raney, came just before or soon after. He was the grandfather of the present Jerry Raney. At his house the vis- iting priest read mass monthly. Perhaps this priest was the Rev. Father Blanc, from Vincennes. or it may have been Rev. Father Champonier. As early as August, 1823, Bishop Flaget had con- firmed thirty-four persons here. These confirmations took place at the home of Raney, mentioned above. In 1829, on Bishop Flaget's sixth visit, he found at and around Mt. Pleasant forty Catholic families. The jubilee was given that year, at which there were seventy communicants, and thirty-one persons were con- firmed. The place never had a resident priest, but was visited by perhaps nearly all the priests at St. Mary's during its time of prosperity. The church was commenced by Rev. John Delaune, then at St. Peter's, about 1840, though it was not completed until long after. Rev. Lefranc carried on the work commenced by Father Delaune, but left it unfinished; after him came Father Par- rett occasionally from Washington; as late as 1859, Rev. Father John Mougin had a brick sanctuary built and some carpenter work done; the former was put up by Joseph Mattingly and the latter by A. J. Demoss. A modern steeple was also built at this time by Silas Hall, and thus the church was finished about twenty years after it had been commenced, only soon to be disused and torn down. When the Loogootee church was built, this took all the parishioners from the St. Martin's church who were north of Mt. Pleasant; and as the others were several miles south, their needs soon caused the building of a church convenient to them. The land for the church was given by Pagey Ward and the change of churches was made by Rev. Father L. Gueguen. Many of the old settlers are buried in what was known as the Patrick .(382r IN Till': STATE OF INDIANA. Riley burying ground, but when the church was built at Mt. Pleasant a graveyard was begun here, and is even yet in use by St. Martin's, or, as it is often called, the Haw Creek con- gregation. MOUNT VEKNOX, POSEY COUNTY. St. Matthew's Congregation at Mount Vernon was founded, in fact, about 1857, although Rev. E. J. Durbin, from Kentucky, is credited with visiting Mount Vernon as far back as 1840, and attending until 1851, with a solitary exception in the instance of 1844, where it is recorded that Rev. A. Deydier and Rev. C. Schniederjans attended the place. Be this as it may. Rev. Roman Weinzoepfel was the first to pay Mount Vernon regular visits, cele- brating the august mysteries in the house of the brothers Schenk, who settled there from St. Philip in 185 i. A lot was bought in 1857, 140 X 140 feet, for $660. Upon it was erected a two-story brick building, 40 x 22 feet, intended ultimately for a school-house or parsonage, but the flooring of the second story being omitted, it was at the time used for church purposes. The citizens sub- scribed liberally; the total outlay was $2,000. The church was placed under the patronage of St. Matthew, and in October, 1857, was blessed by Rev. E. J. Durbin. In July, 1858, Father Wein- zoepfel visited the place for the last time. Rev. Patrick McDermott attended from Evansville from Sep- tember, 1858, until August, 1859. For two years after Rev. Paul Wagner visited the place from St. Wendel on the fourth Sunday of each month. It was next attended from Vincennes by the Rev. John Contin and Rev. Gustave Ginnsz from 1862 until 1865. In 1865 the Rev. H. J. Diestel, residing at St. Philip's, took charge of Mount Vernon. He attended the place faithfully, and in 1867 erected a spacious one-story frame house, which was to serve as school-house and parsonage. Rev. J. F. Sondermann was appointed the first resident pastor at Mount Vernon and remained there from November 11, 1868, until May 15, 1874. He found a small congregation and $2,000 debts. He paid the debt in a few years, and, beside, bought ground for a cemetery and added a second story to his residence, A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY not mentioning many other improvements. The school also way in a flourishing condition. From May, 1874, until in the autumn of 1876, Rev. Matthias A. Gillig was pastor. He left at his own option. After him the congregation was without a pastor for seven months. Rev. J. J. Schoentrup took charge in July, 1877. Seeing that the church was entirely too small to accommodate the congregation, he concluded to build a new church. He obtained very liberal subscriptions from Catholics and non-Catholics. The church was begun in the summer of 1879, and was completed in July, 1880. The building is Roman style, 112x50 feet, steeple 146 feet high. Bishop Cha- tard blessed the church October 10, 1880. The cost of the build- ing was $10,000, the interior furnishings $1 ,700. In 1881, Father Schoentrup bought a property near the church for school purposes for $1,250, and introduced the Sisters of St. Francis to take charge of the parish school. In December, 1883, Rev. Francis B. Luebbermann was placed in charge of the parish, and is its present pastor. MUNCIE, DELAWARE COUNTY. St. Lawrence Church. — -About 1853 there were but two fam- ilies in Muncie, Delaware county, Ind., who affiliated with the Catholic religion — those of Patrick Tuhey and Nicholas Eyier — and in the dwelling of the former the first mass was celebrated by Rev. Father Maloney, of Indianapolis, Mr. Tuhey being the first Catholic to settle in the then small village. For four years Father Maloney continued to make monthly visits, and prior to 1858 visits were also made by Fathers Shellamaker, Black, Vanderpoole, Goe- ghan, Doyle and Clarke. Services were held alternately at the dwell- ings of the two early settlers already mentioned, and the reverend fathers also ministered at the missions in Union City, Winchester and other places. Father Clarke was very ardent, and used his best exertions toward the erection of a church-building in Muncie, and made excellent headway in the preliminary work, which greatly aided the labors of his successors. In 1862, Father Fitzmorris began his monthly visits, and by this time several new families were added to the little congregation. In 1869, Father LaMoore IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. came, his former charge ha\ing been at Union C'ity, and was fol- lowed by Father McMahon; the congregation having been increased to seventy-five famihes, steps were energetically taken for the erec- tion of a church edifice. The families were comparatively poor, but were enthusiastic and active in the project. Money was raised by subscription, entertainments and donations, until it was thought that sufScient was on hand to warrant a commencement — all the visiting priests, however, having taken active parts in bring- ing about the desired consummation, but Father McMahon was the prime and impelling power. Subsequent financial embarrassment, however, dela}'ed progress, and Fath t McMahon temporarily abandoned the undertaking. At this critical moment Bishop Luers came from Fort Wayne and put new life and vigor into the congregation. He purchased lots in block No. 8, corner of Charles and Hockley streets, and made up the deficiency which occa- sioned the embarrassment of Father McMahon. Father Lawrence LaMoore, who was a zealous and untiring worker, was then placed in charge of the construction of the first edifice, which was of brick, 35 x 60 feet, and cost $3,500; the parsonage, a frame struc- ture co5t $925. Father Joseph A. Marshall was here for a short time, and he was succeeded by Father Crawley, who, January 24, 1875, was succeeded by Rev. William Schmidt, the present pas- tor, who, for a time, also officiated at Montpelier and Hartford City, and under his pastorate has been erected the present church edifice. This splendid church building was dedicated September 8, 1895, by Bishop Rademacher, assisted by Rev. J. H. Hueser and Father Maujay, of Huntington, Rev. F. C. Mulcahey, of Hartford City, and Father Guendling, of Fort Wayne. At 10 o'clock a. m. the bishop blessed the church, and mass was celebrated at 10:45. The auditorium has a seating capacity of 800, and the gallery of 200; the altar is a magnificent piece of workmanship, the furni- ture and finishings being in antique oak, the carvings being beauti- fully artistic. The fresco work is charmingly beautiful and the windows of the highest style known to art, while the pipe-organ is one of the deepest in volume and melodious in tone, as well as most beautiful of any in the state. The total cost of this magnificent (386) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY house of God, with its furnishings, was about $43,000, and is a matter of pride, not only to the Catholic population of Muncie, but to the public in general, it being one of the city's chiefest architec- tural adornments. The old church-buildingh as been utilized for school purposes, and is in charge of the Sisters of St. Agnes. NAPOLEON, RIPLEY COUNTY. St. Maurice's Church. — Prior to 1848 the Catholics of Napo- leon visited neighboring missions, or were attended by Rev. Jos. Ferneding, Rev. Alphonse Munschina, Rev. Joseph Rudolf and others. From 1840 until 1848 they formed part of the Millhousen congregation. In 1848 Dr. McMullen, an Irish physician of Napoleon, donated two lots; and the church, a frame building, 35x18 feet, was built for the most part by Mrs. Mary Gigos, whose husband had been one of the founders of the town. The congregation at that time numbered twenty families. The Rev. Alphonse Munschina, residing in Jennings county, attended Napo- leon up to 1854. From 1854 until 1858 the Rev. John P. Kreusch, resident at Millhousen, visited the place. After him came Rev. A. Tinkers in 1858, Rev. I. P. Vogt in 1859, and Rev. Jan. Weissen- berger until April, 1861. Rev. Ign. Klein, residing at St. Nich- olas, attended the place during six months in 1861. The next on record is the Rev. John B. Weikmann, until 1863. Rev. Ferd Hundt, resident at Millhousen, had charge for three years. He established the first parochial school at Napoleon. In 1866 the congregation had increased to fifty families and received the Rev. Theodore Antoni for the first resident pastor. Additional ground was purchased and a new — the present — brick church was built. The building had just been roofed when the zealous pastor, taking sick suddenly, died June 14, 1870, in the thirty-fifth year of his age and the fifth of his ministry. A marble tablet in the church marks his resting place and commemorates his virtues. Napoleon was after that attended by the Rev. J. H. Hueser, D. D., of Millhousen, and the Rev. Fred Mueller, during whose time the church was first used for divine service. Rev. F. W. Peper- sack, of Millhousen, visited the place until 1872, when resident pastors were again appointed: Rev. J. J. Gabriel, 1872-74; Rev. IN THK STATK Ol" INDIANA. H. Panzer, 1874; Rev. Alex. Koesters, 1874; Rev. B. H. Kintrup, 1875, until the spring of 1878. Rev. M. Heck now for several months visited Napoleon; Rev. W. Kemper was the next resident pastor. The church was blessed by Bishop Chatard on September 22, 1879, and Father Kemper remained until February 23, 1880, when he was succeeded by Rev. Adam Feigen. The present pas- tor is the Rev. Meinrad Toelle. St. Maurice's church measures about 70x35 feet, with a steeple seventy feet high. The tower has two bells, one weighing 879 pounds. The church contains handsome pews, seating about 300 persons. The total cost of the building was $9,000, of which a small amount remains unpaid. Father Kemper added a splendid main altar, and Father Feigen added a new pulpit, an organ, a bap- tismal font, and other church furniture. NAVILLETON, FLOYD COUNTY. St. Mary's Church. — A few German Catholic families having settled in that part of Floyd county where now St. Mary's church stands, made at once preparations to build a log church in the fall of 1844. The following year they completed it, and invited the Rev. L. Neyron, of New Albany, to visit it. September 8, 1845, Rev. Father Neyron held service in it the first time, dedicated it, under the title of the Annunciation, and blessed the cemetery. The Catholic families at this time, who built the church, were Michael Naville, Vital Kastner, Xavier Kinberger, a Mr. Stengel and a Mr. Miller. These few families at the log church, as it was commonly called, were visited by the priests of St. Mary's of the Knobs until 1857, and the Rev. E. M.Faller. of St. Mary's. New Albany, had charge till 1862, when Rev. J. M. Gabriel became the first resi- dent priest of St. John's church, Clark county, and Navilleton was attended from this time on by the priests residing at St. John's, viz: Rev. J. M. Gabriel. 1862 till 1872; Rev. Lechner. till 1874; Rev. B. Brueggemann. till 1877, and Rev. J. P. Gillig, till January, 1 89 1, when St. Mary's church became a mission of Bradford, Harrison county, and since then it has been attended regularly by the priest residing at Bradford. ~T387J A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY The little congregation slowly increased till 1890, when Rev. J. P. Gillig made preparations to build a new church. But scarcely was the foundation for the new church laid when Father Gillig was called elsewhere, and Rev. Andrew Schaaf placed in charge of the little congregation, which numbered at this time twenty families. He at once began to push the preparations for the building of the new church, and April 6, 1891, the corner-stone was laid by Rev. Jos. Dickmann, of St. Joseph Hill, Ind., and on the 8th day of September, same year, the church was ready for service. The first mass was said in it forty-six years to the day that the first mass was said in the little log church. The people assisted most gener- ously in money and work for the new church; the Naville families gave $1,000 in money, and also assisted untiringly in manual work. Mention must also be made of Mrs. Barbara Ott, who gave six acres of land on which the church stands and $200 in money. Frank Piers, Jacob Kiefer and Chas. Leuthart also rendered great service. On the day the first mass was said in the new church a bell of 1,000 pounds, purchased at a cost of $173, was consecrated by Rev. Joseph Dickmann, of St. Joseph Hill. In the spring of 1892 the church was finished inside, frescoed and solemnly dedi- cated by Rt. Rev. F. S. Chatard, D. D. The church is 40x83 feet in size, with a spire eighty-seven feet high; is well furnished with altars land statues, organ and pulpit; a debt, when finished, of $175, was paid the same year. In 1893 a handsome school-build- ing was erected, the property generally improved, and two new roads opened, one running from the church two miles west, and the other two miles east. In 1894 the post-office was established, which name the place now bears, Navilleton. The congregation had grown to forty families in 1895 and thirty children attended the school, which is taught by a lay teacher. In August, 1895, Rev. Andrew Schaaf, who brought many sacrifices for the church and school and labored most zealously for nearly five years, was transferred to Poseyville, Posey county, with headquarters at St. Mary's church at Evansville, and Rev. Jos. Sennefeld attended regularly till the spring of 1898, when he was transferred to St. Thomas, Knox county. Rev. Chas. Clever then took charge of (388) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. St. Mary's church, is the present pastor, and is most zealously engaged for the welfare of his Hock. NEW ALBANY, 1"L()YI) COUNTY. Holy Trinity Church, the oldest edifice in New Albany, Ind., consecrated to Catholicity, was erected in 1837, and was a frame structure which suf^ced the purposes of the congregation until 1 85 I, when the present brick church was erected. As far back as 1829 Bishop Flaget has said mass in the humble dwellings of the five Catholic families then residents in New Albany, but in 1837 Rev. I^ouis Neyron was called to the scene, organized Holy Trinity parish, and in the fall of the same year the old frame church-build- ing was completed in which Father Neyron officiated each alter- nate Sunday until the completion of the new church, when he came to New Albany to reside permanently. It is stated that the cost of the brick edifice was defrayed chiefly from means furnished by the pious and benevolent pastor himself, as at that time the con- gregation was too poor to afford any material assistance in dona- tions of cash. It is also stated that he purchased all the parish grounds vvith his own means, and it is a well-known fact that he continued to labor assiduously toward promoting the prosperity of the parish in all respects until 1863, when, broken down with toil and care, he retired to the university of Notre Dame, St. Joseph county, Ind., w^here, for some years he taught physiology and sur- gery, having in early life been a surgeon in the army of Napoleon I, in his native France. His death took place at Notre Dame Jan- uary 7, 1888, in his ninety-eighth year. Holy Trinity congregation allowing him, meanwhile, an annuity of $500 in consideration of his past invaluable services to the parish and his unbounded gen- erosity. In 1864 Father Neyron was succeeded by Rev. L. Gueguen, who, the same year, was succeeded by Rev. John Mougin. The last-named clergyman did excellent work, building the present parish-house and a brick school-house. For some time he had as assistants Rev. G. M. Ginnsz, now of Prescott, Ind., as pastor of St. Vincent's congregation, and Rev. Father Fleischmann. Rev. Father Mougin was succeeded, after doing much to advance the ~(389j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY prosperity of his parish, by Rev. John B. Kelly, an account of whose life and labors is given elsewhere in this work. The Church of the Annunciation, at New Albany, was first known as St. Mary's congregation, and was founded in 1852, when Rev. Ottis |air held the first services for the German-speaking Catholics of the city. The organization, properly speaking, of the Annunciation parish was not effected, however, until the time of Father A. Munschina, about the latter part of 1853. He was suc- ceeded by Father Joseph Weutz in 1854. He built the first school- house, a small brick structure, in the fall of that year. March 3, 1857, Very Rev. Dean Faller was first appointed and appeared on the scene that very day. He found half the present grounds purchased; also an unpretentious little brick school-house, which was permitted to stand until the extension of the church in 1886 required its removal. There was a $5,000 debt when Father Faller assumed the pastorate. April 19, 1858, Father Faller laid the corner-stone of the present church, at which time he placed the church and congregation under the patronage of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He finished it that year and had it blessed the 12th day of December. The church improvements cost $20,000, every cent of which he paid, together with $2,200 of the original debt of $5,000, which he found when he took charge. In 1858 he also purchased ten acres of ground for cemetery purposes for the sum of $2,500. The land alone, in 1890, was worth $15,000. April 3. 1867, Rev. C. Doebbener assumed the pastorate. He built, in 1872-3, St. Mary's academy, a five-story brick struc- ture, at a cost of $29,000. It has since been sold to the Sisters of St. Francis for $17,000, on condition that they continue it as a parish school. Father Doebbener remained a little over nine years, and was succeeded by Rev. F. Ign. Klein, August, 1872. He erected St. Joseph's Hall building, the lower part of which is now the boys' school, at a cost of $12,000, acquired the lots and built teachers' residences, costing $2,000, and was engaged in enlarging and beautifying the church when he received an injury by a fall on (390) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. the building which caused his death the following day, June 5. 1886. Bisho]) Chatard attended his obsequies, held in Holy Trinity church, and his remains were interred in Annunciation cemetery, where a fitting monument is erected to his memory. Rev. Father Joseph Dickmann, of St. Joseph's, Clark county, was temporarily in charge until the reappointment of Rev Father Faller, July 14, 1886. After an absence of nearly twenty years Father Faller returned. He continued the improvements begun by Father Klein, and finished them the same year in time to have the church solemnly consecrated by Rt. Rev. Bishop Chatard, December 12, 1886. The improvements cost $35,000, and, in order that all debts on the church might be paid so as to entitle it to consecration, Father Faller paid $13,000 out of his own private fortune. A remarkable coincidence is found in the fact that the consecration of the church took place on the 12th of December, the same month and day upon which it was first blessed for Father Faller, in 1858. In 1888 the very reverend rector removed the old rectory and caused to be erected in its stead a fine brick residence trimmed in cut stone, at a cost of $7,500. On its completion the young ladies of the congregation furnished it most suitably — in fact, too elabor- ately for plain Father Faller's taste — at a cost of nearly $1,000. The Church of the Annunciation is situated on the northwest corner of Eighth and Spring streets, and is among the finest in the diocese of Vincennes. Interiorly it is the best in the state. It is of Roman architecture, constructed of red brick, and is surmounted by a tower and spire reaching a height of 165 feet. It is 164 feet long, fifty-six feet wide, and thirty-five feet high, with nave and transept dimensions 140 and 103 feet respectively. The seating capacity is 1,000. The interior finish and furnishing can not be easily excelled. The pews, the organ, pulpit, statuary, basso- relievo stations of the cross, and rich frescoing are all in happy keeping. Annunciation parish property is worth over $100,000. There are 350 families in the congregation, and 365 children attend the parish schools. The Sisters of St. Francis are in charge. (391) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY NEW ALSACE, DEARBORN COUNTY. St. Paul's Parish, New Alsace, is possibly the oldest parish in the state outside of Vincennes and Fort Wayne. The first church, which was a farme structure, was erected about 1822, and was attended by Father O'Rourke, of Dover, and other passing priests. After the erection of this frame structure. Father Ferned- ing erected a small brick in 1837, which now serves as the rear of the present church. It seems from the records that Father Fer- neding's predecessor was Father Muller, who officiated from Sep- tember, 1 841, to September, 1842. Father Ferneding remained as the first resident priest until August, 1842. His successor was Father O'Rourke from October, 1842, to December, 1842. At this time Father Schniederjans passed through and administered to the congregation only a short time. He was followed by Father Masquelet from January 26, 1843, to June, 1843; T^ext was Father Oper, who passed through the parish, when Father O'Rourke attended the parish again for a short time; then Rev. William Engels from January, 1845, to January 1846. Then came Father Stahl, who erected an addition to the church and in this parish he died in April, 1853. Then Rev. Father Stapf came and was rector from March, 1853, to May, 1854; next was Father Neuber from May, 1854, to July 14, 1856; after him came Rev. A. Pinkers who remamed from August, 1856, to January, 1858; next was Rev Francis J. Rudolf and he was followed by Father Weinzoepfel from August 22, 1858, to April 14, 1866. Whilst here as rector he erected the brick school-house and the priest's house. The church now was in the interdict, for sometime attended from Dover. The next pastor in charge was Father Hundt, from September, 1867, to September, 1868, and next was Father Siebmann from October, 1868, to February, 1884. During the latler's administration the last addition and the spire of the church was completed and the bells furnished. The next priest in charge was Rev. Guthneck from April, 1885, to July, 1886, and he was followed by Rev. Francis Torbeck from July, 1886, to April, 1890. Whilst rector of this parish. Father Torbeck put in a new communion rail and a new floor in the church. Then the present efficient rector, Rev. J. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. J. Merkl, took charge of the parish and he has caused the premises and the general appearance of the property to assume the aspect of a veritable flower-garden. The premises and buildings are in the best of repair and present a scene of thrift and care and general prosperity. NEW HAVEN, ALLEN COUNTY. St. John the Baptist Church, at New Haven, was organized in the latter part of 1857, when the Rev. Mr. Botty visited the place and said mass in the house of N. Schuckman. Among the original settlers were George Schlink, Herman Schnelker, N. Jostvert, N. Schuckman and B. Schnelker, and of these H. Schnel- ker, G. Schlink and N. Jostvert, constituted the first "church council," and these gentlemen gave their individual notes to Henry Burgess as the purchase price of land necessary for church pur- poses. Rev. Mr. Grevin now came once a month to perform divine services, and he also aided in pushing forward to completion the new church-edifice, which was ultimately consummated at a cost of $4,000. In 1 86 1 Rev. G. W. Giedel took charge of St. John's as resi- dent pastor, and about 1871 secured the services of Sisters of St. Agnes from Fond du Lac, Wis., for teaching the pupils of the parochial schools attached to the church, and of these there are at present five in attendance, having in charge about 130 chil- dren. The school-buildings were completed in 1872, at a cost of $8,000, and are a credit to the congregation, which now numbers about 540 souls. In 1873, Rev. G. W. Giedel was called to his heavenly home, and was succeeded in the pastorate by the present incumbent, Rev. Bernard Wiedau, under whose effective administration a new and handsome house of worship has been erected, at a cost of $17,000. NORTH MADISON, JEFFERSON COUNTY. St. Patrick's Church. — Prior to 1853 the Catholics living at North Madison were members of St. Michael's church, Madison, but in the year mentioned, or in 1854, the Rev. H. Dupontavice 24 ~(393) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY erected the present brick church-edifice in North Madison, and with its erection began to exist and flourish St. Patrick's congrega- tion, who were attended by visiting clergymen. The first resident priest h^re was the Rev. Bernard Ewers, who officiated from 1875 until 1 88 1, when he was succeeded by Rev. George Widerin, who remained until 1893, when he was succeeded by Father Fein. The edifice, known as St. Patrick's church, is small but substantial, and in reality is one of the finest places of worship in the diocese. NORTH VERNON, JPINNINCS roi'XTV. St. Mary's Church, at North Vernon, is among the oldest religious edifices in the city, and is one of the largest and most imposing in appearance, its tall spire standing out as a landmark for a radius of several miles. The original structure was built in 1861 ; the first pastor in charge was the Rev. J. M. Missi, deceased, whose pastorate terminated only with his death, which occurred in the year 1890. He was then succeeded by the Rev. J. M. Ginnsz, now at Schnellville, Ind. , w4io filled its pulpit for three years. He took charge July 15, 1890, and remained until July 27, 1893, when he was removed, and was succeeded by the Rev. F. X. Hundt, February 22, 1893, who officiated until November of the same year. The church was then attended from St. Ann's, by the Rev. A. J. Urich, until April 3, 1894. The Rev. George L. T. Widerin was then appointed and has remained to the present time. When the Rev. Widerin took charge of the parish, St. Mary's church had not been completed, as far as the tower is concerned, but in March, 1897, the work on this imposing appurtenance was begun under the direction of this pastor, and was completed in October, of the same year, at a cost of $4,000. St. Mary's church now has a congregation of 135 families; the parochial school is in charge of the Franciscan Sisters of Oldenburg, Franklin county, Ind., and numbers about ninety pupils, who receive instructions in English, German, music and needle work. In Septem.ber, 1897, together with the addition of the steeple, a large, handsome clock was inserted therein. The church is very handsomely decorated and is equipped with electric lights. IX THI-: STATi: ni- INDIANA. OI^.IU- ISVII I i:, CIP.SOX COUNTY. St. Bernard's Church is located six miles east of Fort Branch, in the village of Obertsville (Snake Run), the post-offtce being Fort Branch. As early as 1875, a few Catholic families living in the neighborhood of Snake Run opened a Catholic school in an old log cabin on land belonging to Anton Obert, and this school was taught by Joseph Obert, his son. In this log cabin, also, mass was said a few tinges by Rev. A. Koesters, of Princeton, in 1876, and in 1877 Anton Obert having donated hve acres of land, a church was built under the direction of Rev. Father Widerin, of Haubstadt, who attended the little congregation until 1878, when he was succeeded by Rev. Father Kintrup, of Princeton, who held the charge one year. From 1879 until 1881 Rev. Father Widerin again had charge, and, after him. Rev. C. Schwarz, of Pr.nceton, from 1 88 1 to 1882; Rev. B. Ewers, of Haubstadt, from 1882 to 1883, and Rev. A. Peckscamp of Princeton, from 1883 to 1884. In 1885, Rev. Peter Hommes took charge of Princeton and visited St. Bernard's church regularly until New Year's day, of 1886, when he permanently located here, built the parsonage, and for some years personally attended to the school. He also attended Princeton as a mission until June, 1895, when Rev. E. Ledvina succeeded him to the mission, being appointed for Prince- ton; at the same time, the administration was again reversed, and St. Bernard's once more became a mission of Princeton, under Rev. L-^dvina. In July, 1897, St. Bernard's became a mission of Posey- ville, and is now regularly attended twice a month by Rev. Andrew Schaat, pastor of St. Francis Xavier church, of that city. When the first church was erected at Obertsville, the Catholic families living here were those of Henry Wening, Anton Obert, John and Frank Hassel, Anton and Alois Meyer. J. W. Schmits, Bernard Deters. Mike Foley and Mr. Nelles. The church was a frame structure, 30 x 42 feet, without a sacristy. At the same time a small log school-building was erected, and is still used for school purposes. In February, 1882, the church building was demolished by a wind-storm, and in the same year the present church was erected at a cost of $2,500. This is a neat and sub- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY stantial frame building, 40x92 feet, with a spire towering to the height of ninety-five feet. The parsonage, erected in 1886, is a frame structure of six rooms, and is well furnished. The congre- gation now numbers forty-eight families, or about 250 souls. The school has been taught by lay teachers, the present teacher being George Hassel. Rev. P. Hommes, who has been the resident pastor for the past ten years, merits great esteem for his faithful work, which he has performed with unabated zeal, and frequently at great personal sacrifices. OXFORD, BENTON COUNTY. St. Patrick's is the oldest Catholic church in the county of Benton and was established about i860, Rev. Father Stephan cele- brating the first mass in the Christian church and the second in the old court-house, the next at the school-house, and afterward in various private houses. Father Ivilroy, of LaFayette, laid the cor- ner-stone of the present edifice in 1863, and Revs. Stephan and C. J. O'Callaghan superintended the main part of the work in its early stages, but it was completed by Rev. Father Dinnen. At that time there was no railroad at Oxford, and the material for the building was all transported by teams from LaFayette, Tippecanoe county — a distance of twenty-five miles and the church was sup- plied with its clergymen from LaFayette until after the close of the Civil war. In i860, Father Stephan, the first priest, officiated, and, afterward, St. Patrick's continued to be supplied from LaFay- ette, with clergymen, until 1867. From 1867 to the present time the resident priests have followed in the following order: Father O'Callaghan,, from September, 1867, to 1870; Father Dinnen, 1870 to 187S; Father McCarty, 1875 to 1877; Father Lang, 1877 to 1882; Father P. J. Crosson, from 1882 to 1894; Father Julius Becks, from September, 1894, to June, 1895, when the present pastor, Rev. William C. Miller, assumed charge. For several years, the members of St. Patrick's congregation were scattered all through Benton county and the northern part of Warren, but, at the present time, St. Bridget's, consisting of fifty families, alone is supplied from Oxford. St. Patrick's congregation proper com- IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. prises about 300 communicants. The edifice is of brick, cost $8,000, and the altar, with appurtenances, cost $700 additional. Father Miller has been very zealous and energetic since he has been pas- tor, and the priest's residence, through his e.xertions, has been rebuilt at a cost of $3,000, and refurnished. The church of St. Bridget's mission was built by Father McCarty in 1873; but within a short time after Father Miller was placed in charge of the parish. The new church was rebuilt at a cost of $8,000, and was consecrated to the service of God November 15, 1896, PERU, MIAMI COUNTY. St. Charles Barromeo, the first church in Peru, was erected in 1835. It was a frame building, 20x40 feet in area, and was con- structed b}' James B. Campbell, a carpenter living here at the time. A bell was hung in position and inspired the Christian peo- ple with great fervor. The earliest church-goers had many peculiar and e.xtraordinary trials in the practice of their religion. For quite a while there was no bridge, as there now is, over the Wa- bash river, and those coming from the country south of town on Sundays had either to drive or wade across the stream. Among the first Catholics of the county are: Melchi Kuhn, Patrick Col- gan, John Guendling, the father of three priests — Revs. John, August, Charles — John A. Graham, Jacob Kreutzer, John H. Helm, Adam Beck, Joseph Buffert, Joseph Faust, Frederick Radel, Daniel Mehl, Casper Wahlig, Jacob Struble, James Aveline, John Miller, John Eberhardt, Thomas O'Rourke, Henry Salkman, Adam Eberle, George Clickard, Matthias Twomy, Herman Sparenberg, Anthony Frewer and Lawrence Weidner. Mrs. Melchi Kuhn had charge of the altars of the church until relieved by the first Sisters, who arrived in 1869 from Louisville, Ky. — were Ursuline Sisters, and were succeeded by Sisters of Providence in 1874. She was extremely painstaking in her serv- ice and some of the laces and ornamental work which she made for the altars are still used. The Sisters of Providence now have charge of the altar furnishings. After the first church had been used for twenty-five years a successful effort was made to secure a new and commodious place ~T397J A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of worship and the edifice erected stands, as it will for centuries, a monument to the energy and zeal of its founders. The corner ad- joining the first church was purchased from Jesse \\'illiams, of Fort Wayne. The land was six or more feet below the level of the streets. A swampy stream once ran through that part of the town and the unstable land still remained. It was filled up and the water afterwards drained, making the ground what it now is. The members of the congregation worked very hard upon the building and overcame numberless difficulties, and many of the men donated most of their time and accepted only enough remuneration to feed their teams. Mr. Lowe, of Fort Wayne, was the architect and his plans were approved by the pastor, Rev. Bernard Kroeger, and Bishop Luers. The walls were built extra thick and strong, and the great quantity of bricks used were made by John Clifton, south of the city. The stone for the coping of the pilasters, etc., was hauled from the vicinity of Peoria, on the Mississinewa. Huge logs were hewed with a great amount of labor into the proper shapes to form the imposing looking pillars, and the dedication ceremonies wer^e conducted by Bishop Luers December 8, 1867. In building this church the purely Gothic architecture was faithfully carried out and all the details of the style were observed as far as circum- stances would then permit. A spire and also appropriate fresco- ing were among the things omitted when the building was con- structed. Rev. Meissner was greatly impressed with a desire to see the church completed as originally intended and as soon as his effort of freeing the congregation from debt was accomplished he directed the finances towards this end. The beautiful spire was the first of the improvements. It was planned by Peter Deidrick, Jr., of Detroit, and was completed in 1888 at an expense of $9,500, which includes the remodeling of the church. It is a magnificent index to remind one of the eternity above and its beautiful gold cross shines at a height of 183 feet from the street. Frescoing was another point, and with it was also considered the replacement of the common glass windows with fine stained ones. With little effort and without contracting ('398) IN' THE STATE OU INDIANA. any debt these two grand improvements were accomplished at a combined cost of $7,000. The windows were made upon a special contract by a firm in Munich, Bavaria, and are each works of art, setting off the sub- limity of the interior architecture in the highest degree. The fres- coing was done just previous to the placing in of the windows and was executed rather plainly and without figures in order to more readily attract attention to the beauties of the windows. The magnificent gilded dome of the sanctuary and the repressntation of the veil of time behind the high altar are each exceedingly impressive and suggestive of certain intended meanings. The representations in the windows and the names of those who have so far donated them are, commencing on the east side of the church at the altar: St. Michael, donated b}' Michael, Henry and William Eagle; Moses, not donated; St. Augustine and St. Monica, donated by the Rosary society; St. Claire and St. Thomas Aquinas, donated by Mrs. Margaret Kreutzer; St. Henr}^ donated by John and Barbara Miller, deceased; St. Cunigond, donated by Mrs. Mary Ryan; St. Isidore, donated by Rev. Meiss- ner and St. Zita, not donated. On the west side, commencing again at the altar; St. Ann (not donated); St. Joachim, donated by Michael Murphy; St. Paul and St. Stephen, not donated; St. Kolumbkill and St. Boniface, the Catholic Ivnights, the Ancient Order of Hibernians and St. Patrick's society; St. Rose of Lima and St. Cecilia, the Young Ladies societies; St. Louis, the Wabash Hospital Sisters, and St. Elizabeth, Mrs. Elizabeth Snyder and Adeline Schmo'l. St. Aloysius society donated the plain window on the west side and the employees of the Miami Flint Glassworks the one on the east. The five windows in the front of the church have not been donated. It will be noticed the selections of saints represented both in the windows and statues embrace patrons of every state of life, every nation and all ages, so that it is easy to select a patron from amongst the many. Besides these representations there are by figures and likenesses those of the seven sacraments, the nine choir of angels, the three divine and the four cardinal virtues in the win- dows. Upon Rev. Meissner's return from Europe the altars were ~p9) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY erected as they now are. The tabernacle of the high altar is the same as originally built, but the remaining portion was added in 1884. The beautiful white and gold side altars cost $525 each and were constructed by Allard & Co., of Columbus, Ohio. Mrs. Mary Ryan donated St. Joseph's altar and the Rosary society that of the Blessed Virgin. The statues were mostly secured at that time also. They are representations of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, which was donated by the young ladies' societies; the Sacred Heart of Mary; St. Charles Borromeo, purchased with collections made by Theodore Helmig; St. Patrick, given by the Irish portion of the congregation; St. Bridget; St. Francis of Assissi, given by the Third Order of St. Francis; St. Anthony, by Mrs. Jacob Bets- ner; St. Aloysius, by the young men's societies. All of the statues were made in Paris. Those of the Blessed Virgin, St. Joseph and the figure of our Savior on the cross are of Munich manufacture. The combined value of these works of art amounts to about $700. The stations of the cross were donated in 1878 by Mrs. Jacob Betsner, who also furnished two holy water fonts some years later. Mrs. Mary Ryan furnished the two marble vases for holy water, and also the elegant cope, used as a vestment at benediction. The Rosary society was the first one organized in the church and was started about 1858. At first both men and women were members together, but it is now exclusively a body of women. St. Patrick's Total Abstinence society was founded also in the early days of the church. St. Charles society once was one of the most flourishing organizations in the church but it was disbanded by common agreement. The money in its treasury was used in the purchase of a first class bell for the school-house. The societies now existing in the church and the number of members each con- tains are: Catholic Knights of America, seventy-six; St. Charles Commandery, twenty-two; Ancient Order of Hibernians, forty- four; the Rosary society, ninety-one; St. Aloysius sodality, twenty- eight; Holy Infancy sodality, eighty-four; Confraternity of the Poor Souls, 244; Confraternity of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, 536; Third Order of St. Francis, forty-four; Holy Family, seventy; Total Abstinence society, nineteen; Zouaves (Volperts), twenty- four; Perpetual Adoration, seventy-two; Propagation of Faith, (400)~ IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. sixty-five; Children of Mary, forty-eij^ht, and Sacred Heart society, forty-nine. During the great famine in Ireland in 1880 St. Pat- rick's society secured by its efforts the sum of $463.(71, which was forwarded to the sufferers. Rev. M. J. Clark taught the first school of the community in 1837 and continued until 1842. Gabriel Volkert, a Badinese student, who came here with Rev. Force in i860, was the first lay teacher and conducted a school in the residence situated on the corner of Fifth and Wabash streets. Franz Edler was afterward a very popular teacher and was assisted by Mary Force, sister of the pastor. He resigned his position here to take the position of organist in the Fort Wayne cathedral. The first church was converted into a school during the week by means of portable partitions and did service until destroyed by fire. Victor Stevens succeeded Franz Edler. He was also assisted by Miss Force until she went to Logansport with her brother, who received charge of the St. Vincent de Paul congregation. Rev. Kroeger taught for a few months in 1864 when he came here, but afterward Thomas Miller, who is now dead, was employed. Theodore F. Wolfram taught a year and resigned in 1867. He is now in Columbus, Ohio. Miss Nellie Kenney, now Mrs. Milligan, of Huntington, was the next instructor. John Schenk, of North Vernon, was her successor. Prof. Rudolph L. Mueller was the next incumbent and one whose rather romantic personal history has often been told. He was the son of a baron of Pomerania, Prussia, and in his youth was a companion of Prince Bismarck. He entered the arm}^ but at eighteen he was made professor of mathematics in a military school. He joined the Catholic church when of age and for so doing was disinherited. He then joined the English army and in some way got to this country. He became rich, but lost all his money and valuable books in mining speculations. He received the appoint- ment of professor of history and languages in St. Vincent's college, Westmoreland county. Pa. Rev. Kroeger was once his pupil in this college and several years after his ordination they met again and Mueller was appointed teacher here, which place he filled four years. Bishop Dwenger, noting his capabilities, prevailed upon ~m) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY him to enter the college in Carthagena, Ohio, kept by the Sanguin- ist Fathers, to whose ranks the bishop belonged. He became a Brother and died in 1885 in a monastery at Marie Stein, Ohio. Rev. Kroeger secured four Ursuline Sisters from Louisville in 1869, who were the first Sisters of the congregation. Three of them spent their time in instructing the girls. They occupied one of the houses across the street from the church. These Sisters remained two years. In 1874 five Sisters of Providence arrived and taught the girls' classes, the boys being instructed separately by Frank Horn. He resigned September, 1881, and his class of boys was taken by the Sisters also. The number of Sisters has gradually increased until now there are ten, including the Sister superior. There are now six school-rooms, with an average attend- ance of 252 pupils, under the superintendency of Rev. Meissner. To him is due great credit for the successful manner in which the school has been conducted. From the very first he made his peo- ple understand the great necessity of a christian education, which is only obtainable by attendance at a good religious school. In the early 'seventies Rev. Lamour contracted for and com- menced the erection of the new brick school building at a cost of $16,000. It was blessed by Rev. Meissner October i, 1875, with a previous procession which marched through the streets. In 1880 a stage was erected and was fitted with a set of four scenes, the first which were ever in the city. In 1S96 a most beautiful pulpit was erected in the church. The cost was $500. The pulpit was made by Mr. Harkner, of La Crosse, \\'is. Improvements were made in the cemetery in 1897 and 1898 to the amount of $1,000. A large stone cross was erected in the cemetery on June i, 1898, at a cost of $350. PLYMOUTH, MARSHALL COl'NTY. St. Michael's Congregation. — Previous to 1841, Plymouth was a missionary station, visited by priests from South Bend and Valparaiso. The 13th day of June, 1861, Rebecca Vinnedge, the widow of David \'innedge, deeded to Rt. Rev. Bishop Luers lots No. 59 and 60 of the original plat of Plymouth. The i8th day of February, 1863, Rebecca \'innedge. by Nathan H. Oglesbee, IX TIIIL STATE OF INDIANA. administrator, deeded to Rt. Rev. Bishop Luers, lot No. 58. Lot No. 58 is situated on the south end of the block, while No. 59 is the center lot, and No. 60 is the one on which the church now stands. Rev. Father \'olkert, the first resident priest of Plymouth, came in the year 1S62, and was removed in 1864. During his administration the lots referred to were purchased for St. Michael's congregation, and the church was erected and completed in 1863. In September, 1863, the church was dedicated by Rt. Rev. Bishop Luers. Priests were present from many places. A very large concourse of the lait)' was also present, many having come from LaPorte and other places, reduced rates having been secured on the old Huckleberry Road, and also on the P., Ft. \V. & Chicago railroad. His successor was Rev. Father Steiner, whose administration began in 1864, about six months before the close of the great Civil war. Anxiety and deep gloom prevailed everywhere; and politics and war seemed to rule the hour. Rev. Father Steiner had very poor health while in Plymouth and he resigned his charge in 1866. He was succeeded by Rev. Father Siegelack. It was during his administration that the St. Boniface Benevolent societ}- was organized in 1869, since which time it has flourished, being a sweet guardian angel to many in the dark hours of sickness and sorrow. In 1868 the statue of the Blessed Virgin was procured and an altar erected in her honor. Father Siegelark left Plymouth in 1869. The Catholic school, from 1861 to 1869, inclusive, was taught by the following named persons: Miss Dwyer. Miss Howard, Miss Buchanen, Miss Manahon, Miss Day, Mr. Weber and Mr. Stevens. Miss Kate Stokes, of \'alparaiso, was the last teacher previous to the Sisters. She taught during the first few months of the admin- istration of Rev. Father Zurwellen, who came in October, 1869. The pastoral residence was situated in those days upon lot No. 58, that is, on the southwest corner of the block. St. Michael's academy is the name given to the institution of learning established in 1870. The building is of brick, substantially built, well arranged for the purpose for which it is used, and cost "(403) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY about $12,000. At the request of Father Zurwellen, a large bell was procured. The day on which it was blessed, it was placed near the sanctuary, and each contributer to the bell fund had the privilege of tolling the bell once for each dollar donated by him. The next important acquisition made by the congregation was lots No. 67, 68 and 96. They were purchased November 20, 1872, from Nathan B. Ridgway, of LaPorte, Ind.. lot No. 67 being the one on which St. Joseph's hall is situated. For a number of years the congregation used as a cemetery an acre of ground, donated to the Catholics of Plymouth, by Uncle Johnny Hughes, as he was called, but his farm was too far north for a burial ground, yet the poor Catholics of Plymouth were glad to accept it from the hands of the cheerful giver. In 1871 the city gave the privilege of using a portion of Oak Hill cemetery, for burial purposes. So matters stood until the 15th day of April, 1875, when Rev. Father Zur- wellen purchased from Place and VanPelt, of LaPorte, Ind., the four acres of ground which are now used as a cemetery by the mem- bers of this congregation. On the 6th day of February, 1883, Rev. Father Moench, the beloved pastor, arrived in Plymouth and found a debt of $6,000 standing against the congregation, which he at once proceeded to extirpate. In the year 1884 the pastoral residence was erected at a cost of $1,131.37, also the statue of St. Joseph was secured and an altar erected in his honor. It was in 1885 that the church was frescoed and repaired at an expenditure of $660.77. In 1886 the banners of the Rosary society and the Young Ladies' sodality were bought. It was in 1887 that the beautiful main altar was donated. In 1888 St. Joseph's hall was built at a cost of $1,298, and the beautiful stained windows were placed in the church. In 1889 the new iron fence was built, and the stone sidewalk laid, and during the same year the last dollar of that cruel debt was paid. The congregation, now freed from financial embarrassment, through the untiring energy of Father Moench and the substantial help of the good people, continues to prosper and now numbers 105 families, while the school enumeration is 116. In 1890 a council of the Catholic Benevolent legion was organized; this, as (404)"" IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. well as all the other societies of St. Michael's congregation, are in a flourishing condition. POKTLAXn, JAY COUNTY. The Church of the Immaculate Conception at Portland was organized in 1878 by Fathers of the Precious Blood, who held it in charge until 1888, when Rev. J. Baker, now pastor of St. Mary's church, at Alexandria, Madison county, was placed in charge and performed the functions of his holy office for about three years. Father Baker was succeeded by Father Strueder, who passed the remainder of his life in the service of God in this church, and answered the summons from earthly toil October 25, 1894. Rev. C. Maujay, since the lamented decease of Father Strue- der, has held the pastorate of this church, and has done excellent and zealous work toward advancing the spiritual culture of his parishioners and in improving their temporal condition. His con- gregation is composed of about twenty families, of mixed nation- alities. That his labors are onerous will be inferred when it is stated that, beside his charge in Portland, Father Maujay has the cure of three missions, as follows: That of St. Joseph, in Adams county, which Father Maujay himself organized in 1895, and where he built a handsome frame church, 60 x 25 feet. There he has a congregation of twelve families, mostly English-speaking, who are free from debt. St. Anthony's mission, at Albany, Dela- ware county, his second mission, was established by Father Mau- jay in 1895, also, and has a congregation of twenty families, mostly German. His third mission is that of St. Patrick's, at Red Key, in Jay county, also established by himself in 1897, and there he ministers to an English-speaking congregation of fifteen families; this mission is also free from debt. This record of work done by Father Maujay since coming to Portland well indicates his zeal and energy, which have won for him the unqualified love of his people and the commendation of his superiors. POSEYVILLE, POSEY COUNTY. St. Francis Xavier Church was dedicated by Bishop Chatard in 1887, at a time when the congregation was indeed but a small (405) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY one, with Rev. F. Luebbermann, of Mount Vernon, as its spirit- ual head. Father Luebbermann had been deputed by the bishop to form this congregation, and b}' earnest and persistent work made his mission a success. The Catholic laity was meager in cash as well as in numbers, but eventually subscribed sufficient to the build- ing fund to justify the erection of a church-edifice, and this fund was munificently augmented by three Protestant residents of the parish, viz: Senator W. P. Bozeman, who subscribed $500; Dr. T. B. Young, $300, and Attorney Leroy Williams, also $300. The total cost of the erection was $4,002.65, to meet which amount $2,978.45 had been subscribed, thus leaving an indebtedness of over $[,000. The church-building is a neat structure, 34x76 feet, is of brick, and with stained glass windows is a credit to the parish, and was dedicated September 18, 1887. Father Luebbermann continued to officiate until 1S95, when he was relieved of his labor at Poseyville and left free to devote his attention to his charge at Mount Vernon. August 18, 1895, Rev. Andrew Schaaf took charge of the parish of St. Francis Xavier, with a debt of over $1,000, but with- out a parsonage, without a school-house, without a cemetery, and the church-edifice had not only gone unimproved, but was badly needing repairs. Father Schaaf, for the first two years of his pastorate, made his home with Rev. Jos. Dickmann, of St. Mary's church, Evansville, but in the meantime had vigorously busied himself in remedying the unfortunate condition of affairs in his parish. His first work was to repair the roof the church, erect a new spire eighty-two feet high, and introduce a new bell; he built a gallery, secured a handsome pipe organ, adding a number of pews, side altars, three statues and a furnace for heating the church. The priest's house was the next improvement made, ground for which was broken in September, 1896, and the modern frame home of nine rooms, 32x42 feet and two stories high, completed in Sep- tember, 1897, 'J-t a cost of $2,000 for the home and its furnishings. A second acre of ground has also been added to the church grounds, at a cost of $500. In June, 1897, ground was broken for a school- house, and this, also, was- completed in September, 1897. This building, 22x42 feet, is of brick, and the number of pupils attend- (406T~ IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. ing the school is thirty-five, under the charge of a young lady, Miss Martha Ketzner, of Crawford county, Ind.. but nevertheless all under the supervision of Rev. Father vSchaaf. The number of families belonging to the congregation is forty-eight, or an aggre- gate of about 240 souls. MARION, (iKANT roTXTV. St. Paul's Church at Marion, Grant county, was built in 186S by Rev. Bernard Krceger, of Logansport. The Rev. Theodore Borg, now at Fort \\'ayne, was the first priest in charge, but was not regularly stationed here, the charge being a dependent mission. The I^ev. Father Wiechmann succeeded Father Borg in 1870, driving to Marion, at first, once a month; later, twice a month. Father Wiechmann was in charge seven years, paid off the church debt and turned over to his successor $750 in subscriptions, which he had raised from Marion citizens not members of the church. Ground was broken for the new $50,000 edifice September 30, 1895. The corner-stone was laid May 17, 1896. Bert L. French, of Marion, was the architect, and the church was dedicated November 7, 1897. The church is an architectural beauty of the English Gothic style, and built of buff pressed brick with Bedford stone trimmings. It is 100 feet in length and fifty feet wide in the main, and sixty-six feet wide in the transept. One of the towers is 120 feet and one 108. The height of the ceiling from the floor is forty and one-half feet. The auditorium will comfortably sent 600 people. There is a ten-foot high basement under the entire structure, used as a chapel and society rooms. The seats are of red oak, the aisles in \'enetian mosaic. The pillars are an excellent representation of Mexican onyx. The sanctuary fioor is in \'enetian mosaic of Carrara marble, containing a center-piece in Roman marble, representing the figure of the Lamb and the book of seals from the Apocalypse. The altars are in white and gold. The chancel rail is of oak, mounted with white marble, with emblems of the four evangelists of the Passion in wood carving, bronzed and gilded. The decorations on the panels represent the four Latin doctors. Among the statuary are two adoring angels, the last supper, after Leonardo da \'inci, the sacrifice of Melchise- 1407) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY dek and the sacrifice of Abraham. In a niche of one of the side altars is a statue of Our Lady of Victory, and in the other a statue of St. Joseph — the latter after one of the masters of the Iron age. The present pastor is the Rev. W. J. Quinlan. PRESCOTT, SHELBY COUNTY. St. Vincent's Parish. — Few members of the many Catholic congregations of the proud capital of the state of Indiana, with its 150,000 inhabitants, would dream as they glide over Shelby coun- ty's fertile soil at a speed of fifty miles an hour, and fly as it were, through the insignificant little village of Prescott and scarcely glance at the beautiful spire surmounted by a cross, that here once stood, in the form of an insignificant log hut, the mother church of the Indianapolis congregations. The first Catholic to come to Shelby county was Mrs. Mary Cornell, a native of Maryland, who arrived in 1824; the first priest to visit the county was Rev. George Elder, who came in 1827, and in 1828 delivered a lecture in the school-house at Shelbyville. The house was built in September, 1838, at the nominal cost of $619, but prior to its erection the sparse settlements of Prescott and vicinity were visited at regular intervals by priests from Vin- cennes and elsewhere. After the completion of the little log church-building it was blessed by Bishop de le Hailandiere in 1840, and the priest in charge would at stated times mount his horse, leave his little parish and repair to his station at Indianapolis, and there minister to the spiritual wants of a small band of faithful souls, who listened with love and gratitude to his teachings. This devoted man was Father Vincent Bacquelin. Indianapolis was then a mission station attached to St. Vincent parish, and thus it remained until the death, by accident, of Father Bacquelin, in September, 1846. The successor of Father Bacquelin was Rev. John Ryan, who ministered to St. Vincent but a short time, being followed by Father McDermott, whose pastorate lasted one year. The next pastor was Rev. Thomas Murphy, who served for only a limited period, and was succeeded by Rev. John Gueguen, who continued in charge for four years, his successor being Rev. Daniel Maloney, (40S) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. who began his labor in 1853. In May, 1855, Rev. Edward Martin- ovic, generally called Father Martin, took charge of the parish and exercised the functions of his holy office in a most acceptable man- ner until early in the year 1863, when he was relieved of the work and returned to his native country. The next in order of succession was Rev. John P. Gillig, who served until 1867, when Rev. William Doyle became pastor, and he in turn was succeeded, in 1868, by Rev. Father Rudolph. Father Rudolph successfully ministered to the congregation until May 4, 1881, and to this energetic, fearless and determined man is due the credit of erecting and formally setting apart for the worship of God, without indebtedness, the present beautiful church of St. Vincent de Paul at Prescott. Fathers Torbeck, Guthneck, Hundt, Ginnsz and Danenhoffer followed in consecutive order, and they were succeeded January i, 1898, by Rev. Charles A. Strieker. REMINGTON, JASPER COUNTY. St. John the Evangelist Church. — For many years of the early history of St. John's church, the Catholics of Remington and vicin- ity were without a building for worship. They had mass in pri- vate residences — in town, at the home of Timothy O'Connor; and in the country at the home of John Eck. Priests from Rensselaer, Reynolds and Kentland, at fixed times, visited these places. Usually Father Messmann, of Kentland, came to the former and FatJier Young, of Rensselaer, came to the latter. With the growth of the town and country the Catholics increased until they became numerous enough to found a congregation. In 1873 the rightreverend bishop appointed Rev. Father Messmann to build them a church. This reverend father at once gave up his charge at Kentland to fill his appointment here. Soon many busy hands were at work on a new building and in an incredibly short time a structure 30 x 50 was erected. But Father Messmann did not remain long to enjoy the fruits of his labor. The bishop removed him to another parish and sent Rev. John Shrader to take his place. Father John completed the building and dedicated it to St. John. This church -edifice was constructed at a cost of $1,600. 25 (409) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY This seemed a large sum for the congregation then at Remington to bear, but, led by an ingenious pastor, they devised means to reduce the debt, and laid plans by which it would finally be paid. Rev. Shrader in 1876 gave up his pastorate to Rev. Guido Stallow. His successor was Rev. John Wellinghoff. During his pastorate the congregation grew too large for its building. In 1878 he built an addition of fifteen feet to the original building. This addition is occupied by the altar and two vestry rooms. His successor, Rev. Widerin, took charge in 1879. Father Widerin immediately after coming saw the need of a new parsonage, and called on the congregation to build one. Plans were soon perfected and work begun and in 1880 a parsonage costing $1,200 was ready for use. Father Widerin's health failed him and he soon had to give up his charge. The next pastor who came to take charge of the congregation was Rev. Hellhake. -He was a large, portly man, with a smile and a kind word for every one. His entire pastorate was marked with earnestness and energy. He was replaced in 1893 by Rev. M. Kelly, who remained but three months. He died in the hospital in LaFayette. The vacancy left by Father Kelly's death was filled by Rev. John B. Berg, the present pastor. The congregation has three societies. St. Mary's, St. Joseph's and Sacred Heart society, and all three have for their object to contribute and beautify the inte- rior of the church. A society of the Catholic Order of Foresters was organized in 1895. This is a mutual aid and insurance society. Under Father Berg's charge the congregation has once more grown too large for the old building and it is his intention and the desire of all to build a $10,000 brick church in the near future. RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY. St. Augustine Church. — Bishop Luers purchased a site on which to build a church in Rensselaer, and in 1882 Bishop Dwen- ger donated the same for the said purpose. Prior to this time services were held in the orphan asylum. Rev. Matthias Zumbuelte at that time having charge. January 22, 1882, he called a meet- ("410r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. ing of the congregation and a building committee was elected, con- sisting of Peter Lordemann, Michael Folloran and Sylvester Fal- ley. Work was begun on the building July 17, 1882. but much trouble was experienced during the construction. The foundation was faulty and had to be replaced; funds became exhausted, and so the building was not completed until 1885, and was dedicated January 21. Bishop Dwenger was sick at the time, so the church was blessed by Rev. John Guendling, of LaFayette, and Rev. C. P. Walters preached the sermon. The church cost $5,000, in size is 37 X 80 feet, and is well furnished. In 1888, Rev. Anthony Dick succeeded Rev. Zumbuelte; next Rev. Stanislaus Neiberg, who made some improvements in the church, and Mrs. E. P. Hammond deserves special mention for her liberal contributions; the resources of the parish were consid- erably augmented by a very successful church fair held in 1894. In 1897 Rev. Bernard Dickmann took charge, and in 1898 Rev. Edward Jakob. Ninety families comprise the congregation, most of whom live in the country, and some at a long distance from the church. The congregation is out of debt and has a surplus, but as yet there is no priest's residence nor school. St. Joseph's cem- etery is located two miles south of town. Rev. Edward Jakob, C. PP. S., was born in Minster, Auglaize county, Ohio, in 1859. He was educated in St. Charles seminary, C. PP. S., Ohio, and was ordained at Covington, Ky., in July, 1883, by Bishop Toebbe. He was then six years in Missouri, being located at Montrose, Henry county, and also had charge of several other missions in other counties. At Montrose he built a church and residence, also built some small mission churches in that district. He next went to Lawrenceburg, Tenn., where he completed a church. Two years later he went to New Riegel, Seneca county, Ohio, and had charge of St. Boniface church, and after four years came to Rensselaer and took charge of St. Augustine. REYNOLDS, WHITE COUNTY. t St. Joseph's Parish, of Reynolds, was organized in 1865 by the Rev. Joseph Winters, who was at that time assistant pastor of A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY St. Mary's church at LaFayette. As early as 1856, however, Catholic clergymen had visited Reynolds and had baptized several children, and mass had been read by visiting priests at the dwell- ings of the Catholic residents, who, each in turn, gladly welcomed the honor of having mass said in his house. The first church, the erection of which took place in 1865, was a small frame building, 20 X 45 feet, and now stands at the rear of the new edifice. A little over three acres of ground was purchased from John Britton by the Rev. Father Hamilton for his assistant, Father Winters, and the church-building cost about $975, a portion of which sum was contributed by a few Protestants, there being then only fifteen Catholic families in the parish. About an acre was laid out for a cemetery and the first burial therein was of the remains of Mrs. Mary Eva Grissmer, in November, 1868. Tiie mission of St. Joseph's, at Reynolds, was attended by visiting clergymen from LaFayette until the appointment of the first resident priest. Rev. John McMahon, in 1872. He erected a pastoral residence and of^ciated until his death in April, 1873, his remains being interred at LaFayette. The Franciscan Fathers of LaFayette then took charge of the parish and stationed here the Rev. Dominic Meyers as their first resident pastor. He erected the present church, which is a brick edifice, 42 .\ 96 feet, and cost about $5,000, but as many of the congregation performed much of the labor, the outlay of cash was materially restricted, although the membership numbered twenty-seven families only. The build- ing was dedicated in 1877 by Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger. The succession of officiating clergymen has been as follows: Rev. Dominic Meyers, in 1879, by Rev. Peter Paul; in July, 1880, Rev. C. Steinkamp; in July, 1882, Rev. Ignatius M. Wilken; in 1884, Rev. John B. Schroeder; in 1885, Rev. Augustine Bayer; in 1886, Rev. Peter Welling, who paid off all debts; in 1887, Rev. Francis S. Schaefer. In 1888 the Order of St. Francis transferred the church to the bishop of Fort Wayne, and Rev. Matthias Zum- buelte was appointed pastor; in 1890, Rev. John B. Berg took charge, and during his incumbency the church was reshingled and the interior frescoed. In 1893, Rev. George Schramm was placed in charge; in 1895, Rev. John Blum, and in November, 1896, the IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. present able young pastor, Rev. John F. Kubacki, assumed the pastorate. He has placed a new furnace under the church and has also built a brick pastoral residence of nine rooms, with all modern improvements, at a cost of nearly $2,ooo. to which small amount it was held down by the contribution of considerable gratuitous labor by members of the congregation. The membership now includes forty-five families, and is out of debt. The people are very devoted to their church and are almost proverbially liberal, not only to their parochial interest, but also to all diocesan chari- ties. Among the most prominent for this reason are the families of Geo. Ruppert, Michael Owens, Michael Martin, and l^ernard Vogel, John and Mrs. V. Emge, Patrick Mangan, John I^^oon and John Graftema. St. Joseph's has now no school, although in the time of Rev. Clements Steinkamp a school-house was erected at a cost of $475, and the pupils placed under the charge of the Sisters of St. Fran- cis, who taught until the expiration of Father Steinkamp's minis- trations. The resident priests at Reynolds have always attended other missions, principally Francesville and Medaryville. These are comparatively old missions, as there are some traces of priests as early as the '50s, though the first definite name on record is that of Father Steiner, assistant cure of St. Mary's of LaFayette, who in 1862 occasionally visited the missions and said mass in the houses of the Catholics, principally in those of Messrs. Kilroy, Hearl and Racket at Francesville and Mr. Nicoles at Medaryville. Father Steiner bade the missions a touching farewell on August 16, 1864, and was succeeded by Father Becks, of Michigan City, who in turn was succeeded by Father Burns in 1865, assistant to Father Hamilton at LaFayette. Father Burns it was that in 1866 built small frame churches, 20x45, ^^ each mission, and they were dedi- cated by the Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger that same year. In 1867, the missions were assigned to Father Iving, of Winamac and Pulaski, until in 1869, when they were attached to Rensselaer, where Father Stefan was chaplain of the Orphans' home. He attended these and other missions until 1877, haxing in the meantime moved to San Pierren, and in that year the two missions were attached to 1413) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Reynolds and the history of the succession of their pastors is identical with that of the latter congregation. The mission of Francesville bids fair to become in time a prosperous congrega- tion. Its membership has well been doubled in the last two years by prosperous immigrant farmers, especially from Illinois, all of whom take a lively interest in the parish. Their aspirations are now for a larger church and a resident pastor, which will undoubt- edly be realized in the near future, as each has a membership of about twenty-five families and the latter especially is on the increase. At Monticello, also, there is a small church and four lots, donated by Martin Witz (now a fallen-off Catholic), but no serv- ices are held there, as the people worship at St. Joseph's at Rey- nolds, although interest is being promoted by Hon. State Senator Thomas O'Connor, of that place, in favor of a more suitable loca- tion and a new church. May God bless all such endeavors. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP, BENTON COUNTY. St. Anthony's Parish, in Richland township, Benton county, was organized in 1872, by a body of Catholics who were then attending divine services at Kentland, in Newton county, Anthony Dehner donating land for a church site and being one of the prin- cipal and most active members of the new organization. The young congregation was attended for some time from Kentland, but now has its resident priest, in the person of the Rev. Joseph Bilstein, who also ministers to the small congregation of St. Peter and Paul's, at Goodland, in Newton county. The congregation of St. Anthony's are mostly Germans, are thrifty, have kept the church free from debt, and this year, 1898, are making many improvements. RICHMOND, W^AYNE COUNTY. The first St. Andrew's church at Richmond, Ind., was erected in 1846, and its first pastor was Rev. Father Ryan. In May, 1849, Rev. William Doyle became its second pastor, and in August, 1853, he was succeeded by Rev. John B. Merl, who remained until June, 1858. In the meantime, about 1854, the church was IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. dedicated by Bishop de la Hailandiere, who had donated $500 on condition that the church be built of brick. There were present on this occasion, Rev. Andrew Bennett, of Dover, Dearborn county, and Rev. James F. Wood, later archbishop of Philadel- phia. The congregation was next under the char<(e of Rev. Henry Peters, who remained until. March, 1859, and from that date to December, 1859, the conj^rcf^ation was visited by Rev. G. H. Ostlauf^enber^ from Brookville. December 25, 1859, Rev. J. B. H. Seepe was appointed resident pastor and remained until Sep- tember, 1868. This worthy priest, the year after his cominj.;, erected the present church-edifice, 120X 60 feet, and in 1865 built a new school-house, and in 1867 bouj^ht twelve acres for ceme- tery purposes. From November, 1.S68, until 1877, Rev. Ferdi- nand Hundt became pastor. Durinj^ his incumbency the church tower was finished in 1870, and the cemetery ground improved and a beautiful crucifixion group erected. The number of pupils now attending the school, under instruction of a lay teacher and five Sisters of St. Francis, reaches 300. The present pastor of St. Andrew's is the Rev. J. J. Macke. St. Mary's Church. — In i860, the English-speaking Catholics of Richmond separated from their German-speaking brethren, with whom they had been worshiping in St. Andrew's church, and bought a church property, that had been used by English Luther- ans, of Louis Burke, for $8,000, to be paid in installments of $1,000 a year, and this church soon began to look like a Catholic church. For a short time previously St. Mary's church was visited by Rev. John Contin, and after him by Rev. John Gueguen. In October, i860, a resident pastor was appointed in the person of Rev. Aug. Merz, who from there also attended Centerville, Washington and Hagerstown, in Wayne county, and New Castle and Middletown, in Henry county. He remained until September, 1863, when Rev. J. M. Villers succeeded him. The next pastor was the Rev. Francis Moitrier, who resigned in October, 1872, when Rev. D. J. McMullen succeeded. When Rev. Father McMulJen assumed charge of St. Mary's (415) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY congregation in October, 1872, it was heavily burdened with debt, but his superior administrative abilities enabled him to soon set affairs in order. He united the people in one line of thought and in one purpose; canceled the pecuniary obligations, and, beside, has since purchased $8,000 worth of property. In 1891 he bought the land at the corner of Seventh and North Ninth streets, where the present church-edifice stands, 120x45 feet, and through his instrumentality the congregation contributed the funds to pay for the land and improvements. The rest of the square he himself purchased, in order to preserve the integrity of the church grounds, and on this part of the square stands the school-house, with a frontage of 240 feet on Seventh street. The congregation now numbers over 200 families and the school attendance 208 pupils, and this prosperous condition is almost entirely the result of the earnest pastor's untiring zeal and labor. Beside caring for the spiritual and temporal welfare of St. Mary's congregation. Father McMullen attends the missions at Fountain City, north, and Cen- terville, west of Richmond, at each of which stations a few Cath- olic families reside. RIPLEY COUNTY. St. Magdalen's congregation, in Ripley county, was organized about 1846, but in 1844, 1845 and 1846 it was visited as a station from Indianapolis, Madison and Scipio. In 1847 Rev. Alphonse Munschina had charge, and it was really he who solidified the infant congregation, and attended for five years. In 1855-56 St. Magdalen's was visited from Madison, then for three years from; St. Ann's, Rev. J. M. Missi coming from the latter place. The first resident pastor was the Rev. H. J. Seibertz, who took charge in 1865 or 1866, and labored faithfully until 1871, and the second resident priest. Rev. J. P. Gillig, also labored zealously and with great success for si.x years. The present and third resident pastor, Rev. Andrew Michael, was placed in charge in 1878. He was born February 18, 1832, and was ordained priest December 8, 1859, since which time he has been an ardent servant of the church. The congregation of St. Magdalen's now numbers 124 families,. IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA. and the number of children attending the parochial school averages ninety-six. KOCKNILI.E, I'ARKE COUNTY. St. Joseph's Church. — Rev. L. Lalumiere, at one time, was the only priest Bishop Ih'ute had in his entire diocese, which in- cluded the whole of Indiana and a portion of the state of Illinois, and in 1842 Father Lalumiere was the first to attend to the spiritual needs of the scattered Catholics of Parke county. Rev. Father Ryan, of Illinois, also made ministerial visits at an early day. Father Lalumiere, however, was the first to read mass in Rockvillc, and this service was performed, in 1854, in an old log house, the property of Martin Ryan. The same year services were also held by him in what was Rockville's first school-house — a little log hut on John Sillman's place. At that time John Broderick, a railroad contractor, was at work on the old Evansville & Craw- fordsville railway, and this mass was attended by him and crew, and so numerous were the persons present, both Catholic and Protestant, that the good father was compelled to erect his altar outside the little school-house and hold the service in open air. In 1855 services were held at Leatherwood, in the house of a Mr. Weldon, on what was called Butler's place. In 1856 Father Highland officiated in the bakery of a Mr. Hannigan — a small brick building on the site of the present Tribune printing office. As late as 1861, Father Highland, who had his charge at Green- castle, celebrated mass in the house of John Barry, not far from the present Christian church, and for a long time mass was read at various private residences, such as those of James Kinney, Mr. Raggett and Patrick Reardon, Father Highland remaining about a week at a time. At Montezuma he held services in the old log house of James Reardon, which is still standing. From 1861 to 1869 Rockville and Montezuma were ministered to by Benedictine Fathers — Right Rev. Fintan Mundwiler, O. S. B., late abbot at St. Meinrad, Ind., Rev. Chrysostome FofYa, O. S. B., and Rev. Bede O'Connor, O. S. B. In 1867 Rev. Meinrad McCarty, O. S. B., known as the "Church Builder," from St. Mary's of the Woods, Vigo county, "(417) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY officiated every sixth week, and succeeded in effecting a permanent church organization. He purchased lot No. 4, in the West addition to Rockville, from a Mr. Blackledge, on which was a carpenter shop, and the frame work of a house, used in the construction of a church in Montezuma, the consideration being $1,000. The church at Rockville was dedicated as the church of the Immaculate Con- ception; that at Montezuma was named in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. From 1869 to 1878 Terre Haute sup- plied the clergyman — notably, Rev. H. Alerding, then assistant pastor of St. Joseph's, Terre Haute, and now pastor of St. Joseph's, Indianapolis. In 1872 the Franciscan Fathers (O. M. C.) assumed charge of St. Joseph's at Terre Haute, and from these fathers came the ministers to Rockville and Montezuma until 1876 or 1877, and about the latter year Father Quinlan took the initial steps toward settling a resident priest in these missions by building a parsonage of four rooms at Montezuma, and here begins the history of St. Joseph parish proper. February i, 1878, Rev. T. O'Donaghue was appointed the first resident priest at Montezuma, and zealously discharged his duties until October 16, 1879, when he was succeeded by Revs. Riehle and McBarron, of St. Mary's of the 'Woods, Vigo county, who, in December of the same year, were succeeded by Rev. Father Kintrup, who erected a belfry and secured a bell for the Montezuma church; but an unhappy fate attended this holy man, which must briefly be narrated. The night of March 30, 1882, when crossing the railroad bridge over the Wabash river, for which no provision had been made for foot-passengers, he was overtaken by a train of cars, and in his effort to avoid it. missed his foothold and perished in the stream beneath. His body was found next morning about two miles above Clinton, and interred in tl^.e ceme- tery at Armiesburg. After this sad event the pulpit at Montezuma was supplied by a line of pious and worthy priests, including Revs. Fathers Pierrard, Joseph, Boever, D. Swagers, McEvoy, T. W. Cosgrove, and again by McEvoy and Joseph (O. M. C), John Cof- fey and P. Nix, up to 1886, when the church at Rockville was erected. Of these reverend fathers it may be mentioned, in pass- ing, that the incumbency of Father Cosgrove was very brief, as he (4iyr IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. assumed his charge in March, 1884. and was suddenly summoned to the home of the blessed, from the home of Martin Ryan, after a pastorate of ninety da5's only. In the fall of 1886 the energetic and zealous Father Nix erected the present church edifice in Rockville, at a cost of nearly $2,000. In July, 1887, this building was consecrated to God and named m honor of St. Joseph, by the Right Rev. Msgnr. Besso- nies. Father Nix, the first pastor, was soon thereafter transferred to Bodie, Cal., and died in San Francisco in July, 1893. Revs. Fathers McEvoy and Joseph, O. M. C, next ministered at Rock- ville and Montezuma until July, 1889, when the Rev. Joseph T. Bauer, then living at St. Mary's, was placed in spiritual charge of the Catholic popula ion of the counties of Parke and Vermillion and the extreme northeastern portion of Vigo county. Beside the parsonage this reverend and faithful pastor erected in 1891, he organized a permanent and thriving Sunday-school, a choir and the usual church societies, all of which are in prosperous condi- tion. The congregation is now attended by priests from Clinton. ROME CITY, NOBLE COUNTY. St. Peter's Church at Rome City is a mission of the church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at Avilla, and was organized in 1893 by Rev. D. Duehmig; the church building, 36 x 40 feet, was dedicated Sunday, October 3, 1893, by Bishop Richter, of Grand Rapids. Mich., Father Brammer, of Fort Wayne, preaching the dedicatory sermon. The cost of the building was about $2,- 300. It is a neat little structure— almost a miniature of St. Peter's, at Rome, Italy. This mission is attended only in summer season, or on especial occasions, the place being a beautiful resort, where many prominent Catholics have cottages, and during this time of year the attendance is quite large. RUSHVILLE, RUSH COUNTY. The Church of Mary Immaculate at Rushville has a strong and progressive parish whose spiritual needs are carefully guarded and preserved by Rev. Father T. X. Logan, who has erected one of the most handsome and costly new houses of worship in the ~(4l9) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY state. The early history of this church was one of struggle and difficulty, but out of its primitive vicissitudes it emerged grandly, all the stronger for the conflict, and more effectually equipped for the duties of a permanent establishment. About the year 1850, the early missionaries visited this section and established a mission chapel in the western part of the town. Here intermittent mission services were held until the year 1868, when Rev. Father McMullen, now of Richmond, Ind. , was installed as the first regular pastor. Father Peters had caused to be erected in 1857 a small frame church near the spot occupied by the pres- ent house of worship, and, under his spiritual direction, the welfare of the church advanced largely. In the latter part of the year 1868 came Rev. Father D. J. McMullen, who was the first resident pastor, the church having by that time grown in numerical impor- tance to a point that the constant and personal services of a resi- dent priest were required. For four years he ministered to the spiritual needs of this congregation, and was succeeded October i, 1872, by Rev. Father Leo Adams, whose ministry continued until January, 1875. Then came Rev. Father E. J. Spelman, now of Cambridge City, Ind., who continued here until June, 1880. Under his pastorate the present parochial residence was built, and the affairs of the church materially advanced. Father Spelman was succeeded by Rev. J. J. Macke, of Aurora, Ind., who remained here until in February, 1888. It was under his direction that the excel- lent parochial school and Sister's home were erected. He was succeeded by the present beloved pastor. Rev. Father T. X. Logan. ST. JOHN, LAKE COUNTY. St. John the Evangelist Parish, at St. John, was for many years a mission, with no house of worship, but in 1842 the con- gregation erected a small frame church building about one-half mile southeast of the site of the present church-edifice. The parish was properly organized, in 1846, by Father Fisher, and a large log church was erected to accommodate the rapidly increas- ing membership, and the small frame building was converted into a school-house. In 1855 the membership had increased to no families, and it was found necessary to demolish the log church, (420r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. which was done in 1857. and a handsome structure erected in its stead. Father Fisher was succeeded at St. John's, at unrecorded dates, by Rev. Francis Antonio Carius, and he by the Holy Cross Fathers of Notre Dame — Cointet and SchilHng. They were followed by Rev. Bernard E. Vours, in 1854; Rev. Andrew Tusch, in 1858; then came Rev. Jacob Mayer, who was succeeded by Rev. B. Rachor, who remained twelve years and was succeeded by the present pastor. Rev. Anthony Heitmann, who was born in Olden- burg. Germany, September 19, 1832, was there educated, but was ordained at Fort Wayne, Ind., by Bishop Luers, March 25, 1865. For five and a half years. Father Heitmann was assistant at St. Mary's church, and in October, 1870. was placed in his pres- ent position of pastor of St. John's. Here he has labored most zealously and has greatly advanced the prosperity of his church and congregation. The present valuation of the church property is placed at $23,000, the parsonage costing $10,000; and the grounds belonging to the congregation comprise about six acres, the cemetery being at the side of the church-edifice. The school, attended by 140 pupils, is in charge of four lay teachers. ST. Joseph's hill, clark county. St. Joseph's Church, at St. Joseph's Hill, has a history dating back, possibly, to 1850. There was a church-building in the place, it is well known, before there was a priest to officiate. In 1853 a frame church, 65x27 feet, was built, and Father Bessonies was the first to offer up the Holy Sacrifice at St. Joseph's Hill. The exact date is not obtainable from the records, nor can he remember it. After Father Bessonies the place was occasionally visited until i860 by Rev. Fathers Faller and Weutz, of Annunciation church, New Albany. After them came Rev. Father Michael, who was the first resident pastor of the place. He remained from i860 until January, 1864, and built the present brick parsonage at a cost of over $2,000. He was succeeded by Rev. H. Panzer, who had charge of the congregation from 1865 until 1873. He built the parish school-house and Sisters' residence at an outlay of A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY $2,000. Rev. Joseph Dickmann took charge May 28^ 1873. He continued the enterprise of his predecessors and was ably seconded by the people in his efforts to pay off the debts and make necessary and creditable improvements. In 1880 he built the splendid brick church which now is a monument to the liberality of the people of St. Joseph's, and a credit to the good taste and zeal of their pastor. From the eminence of the parish grounds it overlooks the valley and the railroad, and has its beauty reflected by the long range of high hills to the north and west. With material, etc., at first cost, its construction and interior finish occasioned an outlay of only $10,000, while as a whole it is good value for considerably over $18,000. Its pulpit and altar-railing are not surpassed anywhere in the diocese. The church is built of brick, is 50x115 feet in dimensions, and its spire, surmounted by a golden cross, reaches a height of 130 feet. The parish grounds comprise ten acres, and the part immediately in front of the church is used as the cemetery. The entire property of the congregation is valued at about $27,000, with no debts. The schools are taught by the Sisters of St. Francis, and about 105 children attend them. There are over 125 families, mostly Germans, in the parish, the great majority of them being farmers who own their own lands and are as com- fortably circumstanced as they are remarkably generous to the church and devoted to their faith. The present pastor is the Rev. John Joseph M. Gabriel, whose life-sketch will be found in the second volume of this work. ST. LEON, DEARBORN COUNTY. St. Joseph's Church, at St. Leon. — From the records are gleaned the following facts in relation to this parish. The first priest who officiated for the people was Rev. William Engel, in 1845. His successor was Rev. Andrew Bennett, from 1846 to December, 1851; next was Rev. H. A. Stahl, from 185 1 to 1852; next was Rev. A. Pinkers, from 1854 to April 21, 1855, and next was Rev. H. Koering, till July, i860; next was Rev. Leo, O. S. F., from St. Peter's, till December, i860. Father Scheideler came next and remained from December, i860, to July 19, 1874, an administra- (422) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. tion of fourteen years. Whilst here he erected the present church, 1 20 .X 58 feet, with aspire 120 feet high, and placed in three bells, three altars and a pipe-organ, and erected the school-building of two stories, eighty feet front and forty feet wide. There are two school-rooms, and a dwelling for the Franciscan Sisters, of whom there are three — -two as teachers and one as attendant. The next pastor was Rev. John Gabriel, from July, 1874, to November, 1896, and after him came Rev. Adam Feigen, the present active and enthusiastic priest. ST. Peter's, franklin county. St. Peter's Church, in Franklin county, was erected in 1853, at a cost of about $5,000, and is about 104 feet in depth, by forty- six feet front, with side-walls thirty-one feet high; is of Gothic archi- tecture exteriorly and interiorly, and is one of the most pictur- esque, its size considered, of any church-edifice in the diocese. It was consecrated the same year in which it was erected, and for several years was in the care of different clergymen until 1882, when Rev. William Kemper succeeded Rev. Leo Osredkar. Under the pastorate of Rev. William Kemper a new rectory was built, at a cost of $2,200, and also the sanctuary, and the church redecorated. Father Kemper retired in July, 1886, and in August, following, was succeeded by Rev. Ferdinand Hundt, who remained until April, 1890, but his ministrations were not attended by any remarkable results, and until February, 1891, the congre- gation was without a pastor. At this date Rev. Joseph A. Fleisch- mann, who had hitherto been rector at St. Celestine, Dubois county, was appointed pastor of St. Peter's, and is the present incumbent of the pastorate. At the organization of St. Peter's, the congregation consisted of seven families only, but at the present time it consists of 130 families. In 1892 new and enlarged stained-glass windows were placed in the church, at a cost of $998, and the steeple repaired and remodeled; new sacristies were introduced in 1896, at a cost of $600, and in 1897 ^ new communion railing, costing $150, and a large furnace, for heating the auditorium, was also put in place. "(428) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY The school attached to the church was organized by Rev. WilHam Engler, with ten pupils, who were educated in a small room in a private house; then a small log school-house was erected, but this, a short time afterward, was destroyed by fire. In 1875 the present brick school-house was erected at a cost of $3,000. This school-house contains two rooms, and the pupils now enrolled number 120. Rev. Joseph Aloj'sius Fleischmann, pastor of St. Peter's church, is a native of Lachen, Switzerland, was born September 14, 1846, and is a son of Jacob Henry and Mary Ann (Haemmerly) Fleischmann, natives of the same country. Rev. Joseph Aloysius Fleischmann was educated at St. Meinrad's Theological seminary, in Spencer county, Ind., and, after being ordained priest, filled several pastorates with much credit to himself and benefit to his flocks, and in February, 1891, was appointed to the charge of the church at St. Peter's, where his labors have been as untiring as elsewhere in his earlier days, and have met with phenomenal results. ST. VINCENT DE PAUL PARISH, ALLEN COUNTY. St. Vincent de Paul Parish, of Washington township, Allen county, six miles north of Fort Wayne, was organized in 1859, and the present church erected in 1861 under the auspices of Rev. Father Adam, the congregation at that time being composed almost exclusively of French families. The church-building was erected through the energy and devotion of Father Adam, who held charge of the parish for a few years and was succeeded by several others until Rev. A. E. LaFontaine was placed in charge. Father LaFontaine was born in Montreal, Canada, in April. 1867, a son of Toissaint LaFontaine, and until nineteen years of age attended the college of the Assumption, in the province of Que- bec, in order to prepare himself for the priesthood. He then went to Genoa, Italy, where he finished his philosophical and theolog- ical courses of study, and was ordained in holy orders June 11, 1892, for the diocese of Toronto, Canada, where he was stationed until May, 1895. when he was transferred to Fort Wayne, Ind., where he served as an assistant in the cathedral until July, 1897, (424) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. when he was placed in charge of St. Vincent de Paul, his present charge, with the missions of Leo, eight miles northeast, and St. Michael's, five miles east. Father LaFontaine's congregation num- bers about seventy-two families, over whom he exercises the most salutary care and whose love and respect for him are made mani- fest at all times. The pastoral residence and church-building are on a lot of two acres and the cemetery grounds occupy a lot of about three acres and is well cared for. ST. WENDEL, POSEY COUNTY. Prior to December, 1841, mass had been celebrated in St. Wendel parish from the time of its creation in the home of Martin Kohl, but in Christmas week of the year mentioned the congrega- tion, composed of twenty families, prepared the material and erected within five days a log structure as a house of worship. This chapel was regularly visited by Rev. Ramon Weinzoepfel until May, 1842, and in October of the same year Rev. Conrad Schneiderjans became the first resident pastor, enjoying the hospitality of Mr. Kohn until a primitive log cabin was erected for his home, and here he remained until the fall of 1845, when he was called by the bishop to Vincennes, after which St. Wendel was occasionally visited by Revs. Charles Oppermann and Martin Stohl until April, 1846, when Father Weinzoepfel returned to the mission. Rev. Father W^einzoepfel labored hard for the improvement of his parish and the church property. The little log building had now become too small for the growing congregation, and steps were taken for the erection of a new church. The material was mostly donated, a subscription of $5,000 was raised, and April 17, 1853, Bishop de St. Palais laid the corner-stone. Rev. Leonard Brandt preaching the German and Rev. Bede O'Connor the Eng- lish sermon. October 22, 1854, Bishop de St. Palais, assisted by Father Weinzoepfel, Revs. E. J. Durbin, of Kentucky, A. Deydier, J. B. Chasse, Bede O'Connor and Ulrich Christen, solemnly con- secrated the new structure to the worship of God. The cost of this building, exclusive of material and labor, was $5,600. Jan- uary I, 1857, Father Weinzoepfel took possession of the pastoral 26 (425) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY residence, and the same year additional donations of ground were made, a barn erected, a steeple for the church built, a bell pur- chased, and also a painting of the patron saint. In 1858 Father Weinzoepfel asked for a change of field, and this request was granted, the bishop appointing him, August 17, pastor of New Alsace. From September 6, 1858, until February 8, 1863, Rev. Paul Wagner was pastor; Rev. J. Kauffman, from April 6, 1863, to March 24, 1865; Rev. J. H. Diestel, from April 25 to September 27, 1865; Rev. M. Andres, from December 10, 1865, till June 26, 1867, and during his pastorate a brick parsonage of nine rooms was erected; Rev. J. B. Merl attended from Septem- ber 22 to December 5. 1867; Rev. Charles Exel, from December 19, 1867, to March 4, 1871; Father Merl again attended until Feb- ruary 18, 1872; Rev. Nicholas Galweiler was resident pastor from March 3, 1872, to August 10, 1873, and in this brief period a brick school-house of two rooms and a dwelling for the teacher were erected; Rev. Aloysius Danenhoffer was pastor from September 7, 1873, to September 28, 1878, and in his time were built a kitchen for the teacher's house and a barn, new church bells were bought and a furnace placed in the church; from October 6, 1878, to June, 1879, visits were made by Revs. Joseph Schenk and John Stolz, and June 6, 1879, the present efficient pastor, Rev. Michael Heck, was placed in charge. Since the incumbency of Father Heck a wonderful change has taken place at St. Wendel. He has effected an entire transforma- tion of the interior of the church by introducing a costly altar, hard- wood pews, rich paintings of Bible scenes, new frescoes, a superb pulpit on the north side of the auditorium, marble fonts, and fresh slating for the roof of the edifice, as well as the erection of new school-buildings, and so increased the value of the church property that it is now valued at $30,000. The schools of St. Wendel have by no means been neglected. The first classes were taught by F. W. Pepersack during the pas- torate of Rev. Father Weinzoepfel, but it was not until the incom- ing of Father Heck that the schools were truly vitalized. In March, 1884, he broke ground for a fine two-story brick school-house, 70x70 feet, and this was completed in August of the same year IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. at a cost of $8,000. This school is in charge of three Sisters of St. Francis as teachers, but, of course, Father Heck gives it his per- sonal supervision. The attendance numbers 150 pupils, while the church membership includes 170 families, with a total attendance at worship of 940 souls. That the pious and venerated Father Heck has been efficient, faithful and constant to his duties and energetic in his labors for the welfare of the church, and especially that of his parishioners, is too obvious to need comment, but he finds, to a great extent, his reward in the love and honor rendered him by his flock and the well-deserved approbation of his superiors. SCHEREKVILLE, LAKE COUNTY. St. Michael's Church at Schererville was erected in 1874 at a cost of $5,000, and is one of the prettiest little church edifices in northwestern Indiana. Rev. F. A. King was the second pastor of this church and remained in charge two years, after which Rev. Father Bonthe officiated for five months only, when he was suc- ceeded by Father Deisnel, who carefully guarded the flock for four years. Father William Berg, the present able pastor, was then placed in charge and has done an immense amount of good work in elevating the spiritual condition of his flock and in improving its temporal affairs. The school of St. Michael's parish is attended by forty pupils, who are under the tuition of two Franciscan Sis- ters of the Sacred Heart. SCHNELLVILLE, DUBOIS COUNTY. Sacred Heart Church at Schnellville was erected about 1869. The first mass in the parish was read in 1867 by Rev. Placidus Zarn, O. S. B., at the residence of Henry Schnell, who founded the village in 1866, after his return from the Civil war. A frame structure was blessed by the Very Rev. Prior Martin Marty, O. S. B., and Rev. Father Kraus became the first resident pastor. He erected the priest's house, which stood until April 24, 1898, when it was destroyed by fire, with all the personal property of the priest, including his library. The parish is situated eleven miles southeast of Jasper and thirteen miles northepst of Huntingburg, and the land, comprising ten acres, was donated by Henry Schnell, A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY who was the prime mover in establishing the parish, and this land lies in one of the most beautiful spots of the village. A fair cash valuation of the church property, at this time, would reach $5,000. Rev. Gustave Michael Ginnsz, the present pastor and one of the oldest and best-known priests of Indianapolis, was placed in charge of the Sacred Heart church in July, 1896, and has faith- fully labored here, as he has done elsewhere, for the welfare of his parishioners and the glory of his church. His congregation num- bers about seventy families and a branch of the Catholic Knights of America numbers nineteen. This society is of^cered as follows: President, August Blume ; corresponding secretary, Maurice Fritz; financial secretary. John Block ; treasurer, Garrett Welp ; state organizer, Frank Block. Meetings take place twice each month. The school attached to the church was established years ago and is under the direction of three Benedictine Sisters, who have under their instruction about eighy-five pupils. SEYMOUR, JACKSON COUNTY. St. Ambrose Church, of Seymour, is located at the corner of Chestnut and South streets. The village was inhabited by Cath- olics as early as 1852, and the first church, a frame structure, was (3rected in 1856. The spiritual wants of the early Catholics were attended to by different clergymen from Jeffersonville, Buena Vista and Columbus. In 1870. owing to the rapid growth of membership, the original church proved far too small, and was replaced by the present spacious and substantial edifice. In 1873 the congregation received its first resident pastor in the person of the Rev. A. A. Schenk, whose pastorate extended over a period of fourteen years. In 1874 St. Ambrose academy, an imposing building, was constructed at a cost of $10,000. In 1880 a pastoral residence was purchased for the consideration of $1,000. In 1884 the church was enlarged at an expenditure of about $4,000. In 1887, Rev. Father Schenk was transferred to St. Joseph. Vanderburg county, Ind. , and was succeeded by the present incumbent, the Rev. C. J. Conrad. During the administration of Rev. Father Conrad the congre- gation has signally prospered. The debt of $7,200, contracted in IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. former years, has been reduced to $1,700. The church property was enclosed by an iron fence at an expense of $315; the interior of the church has been perceptibly improved by being frescoed at a cost of $535, new cathedral glass windows, costing $520, and three new altars with appurtenances, entailing an expenditure of $1,040. In the year 1891 a handsome new pastoral residence was erected at an outlay of $2,600. The steeple of the church is i i 5 feet high. The parochial school is conducted by the Sisters of Providence, and the average attendance is about 100 pupils, to whom both secular and religious education is imparted. The two leading societies in connection with the church are St. Ambrose Benevolent society and the Young Men's institute, the former hav- ing been founded in 1873, while the latter organized in 1895. SHELBYVILLE, SHELBY COUNTY. St. Joseph's Church. — As earl}' as 1850 Catholic services were held at Shelby ville, Ind., in private dwellings and in the few public halls in the town, but it was not until about 1865 that the congregation felt itself justified in taking steps for the erection of a church edifice. At that date, Rev. J. P. Gillig purchased a lot on East Broadway, and the 6th day of August, 1867, on the feast of the Transfiguration, ground was broken for a foundation for the contemplated building under the supervision of Rev. William Doyle, who superintended the work of construction to the point where the building was inclosed, the floors laid, the windows put in place, and the structure roofed, and the first mass celebrated in June, 1868. About this time, also, dif^culties began to arise from want of funds to meet the indebtedness already incurred; suit was brought against the congregation and judgment rendered against it by the court, and the building disposed of at sheriff's sale Feb- ruary 19, 1870. In the meanwhile, Rev. Francis Joseph Rudolf had been appointed pastor of St. Joseph's by the Very Rev. Father Corbe, and the new pastor set diligently to work to raise the means for putting in a ceiling, erecting a steeple and gallery, securing a bell, raising the sanctuary and adding necessary furniture — the debt at this time amounting to $2,700. In 1873 a school lot was added, ~(429j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY a school-building erected, and the Sisters from Oldenburg began teaching, and all things moved smoothly on until 1881, when Father Rudolf was transferred to Connersville, and Rev. Joseph Torbeck appointed to the pastorate of St. Joseph's. The school property was held by Father Rudolf, and this the congregation purchased from him on the advent of the new pastor. In 1883, a tract of land was purchased for a cemetery. In 1886, Father Tor- beck was transferred to New Alsace, Ind., and Rev. J. A. Kaelin was placed in charge of the St. Joseph congregation. Up to this date, St. Joseph's, at Shelbyville, had been attached to St. Vincents, Prescott, Ind., as a mission, but now St. Joseph's was created a parish and a mission at Acton attached. The first improvement made by Father Kaelin was a parsonage. A change made in the location of the railroad switch at Shelbyville proved to be damaging to the church property, and a piece of land was added to the church grounds, to the school grounds and to the parsonage lot. In 1895 ^^^ cemetery was abandoned, and very convenient and most desirable grounds, on the very edge of the town, adjoining Forest Hill, the city cemetery, was purchased for $1,500. These grounds comprise five acres, and on October 31, 1895, the deed was signed, grading immediately commenced, and the work of disinterment at the old, and re-interment in the new cemetery was begun December 14, the first corpse to be removed being that of the child of A. Minster. February 4, 1896, the I loth and the last corpse was transferred, it being the son of Henry Sander. April 30, 1897, a monument, twenty-live feet in height, representing the crucifixion, was erected at the new cem- etery, facing the most frequented thoroughfare entering the city. This monument is of Bedford stone; the image of the Savior was carved in Brooklyn, N. Y., and is very imposing and suggestive to the traveled person of a cemetery outside the walls of an old city in Italy or Spain. The real estate of the parish, however, is still unsatisfactorily situated, it being divided by an alley and a lot between the church and the school grounds. The project for the erection of a new church-building, which for some time past has been in contempla- tion, cannot therefore be consummated, owing to this unfortunate (430r IN THE STATl': OI" INDIANA. circumstance, but the design will no doubt be carried out in the near future. The families constituting the congregation of St. Joseph, at the time of the building of the church in 1867, numbered about thirty- five; they now number 175. The societies to the church com- prise St. Ann's Ladies' Altar society, established by Rev. J. P. Gillig in 1865; the Young Ladies' sodality of the commandery of Knights, the league of the Sacred Heart, and William Tell com- mandery of the Knights of St. John, No. 178 (the latter with a membership of thirty), and all in flourishing circumstances and zealous in their work. SHELDON, ALLEN COUNTY. St. Aloysius' Church at Sheldon had its origin about 1858, in the autumn of which year Rev. Jacob Mayer, of Decatur, began visiting the scattered Catholics living in the neighborhood. He first held services at the residence of Frederick Weaver, in Pleas- ant township, and the year following it was agreed among the faithful that a small church should be erected. The Miller and Harber families, pioneers of the neighborhood, took upon them- selves the charge of building a structure of frame, 29x36 feet, and Christian Miller donated three acres of land for church purposes. In 1878 an additional acre was purchased for a cemetery. Rev. J. Mayer was succeeded as pastor of this mission by Rev. M. Ivink, and he by Rev. A. L. Meile, and then followed Revs. T. Hibbelen, \\'. Woeste, and J. Nussbaum. During the administration of the last named, the church was enlarged and a spire erected, at a cost of $1,500. The first resident pastor was Rev. F. Koerdt, who took charge July 30, 1876. decorated the interior of the church and also paid off an outstanding debt of $400. October 17, 1876, he opened a school, with thirty-eight pupils, in a little frame building, and in 1877 completed a pastoral residence at a cost of $4,000. In 1882, a two-story brick school- house was erected, also at a cost of $4,000, and this is now attended by about sixty pupils, under charge of three Sisters of St. Agnes. July 23, 1896, Rev. F. Koerdt was transferred to Fort "(481) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Wayne, and was succeeded at Sheldon by the Rev. Rudolph J. Denk, the present accomplished pastor. SHOALS, MARTIN COUNTY. The history of Catholicity at Shoals may be said to have begun in June, 1853, when Clement J. Horsey deeded lots 59, 60, 61, 101, 102, 103, 104, 47 and 48, to Bishop de St. Palais as a site for a church. At least, this is the first record in the county that concerns Catholicity in the town of Shoals, which was then called Memphis. Mr. Horsey was a non-Catholic, and doubtless had no motive in making' the donation other than the hope of financial profit, which he expected to reap from the advanced price at which he would be enabled to sell the surrounding land, most of which he then owned, if a church were built in the neigh- borhood, and in this hope he was not disappointed. Rev. Father Murphy of St. Mary's visited the place about this time, and it was he who collected the money with which to pay for the erection of the first church. His chief contributors were per- sons who were employed on the O. & M. R. R., which was then being built, and these same people largely constituted the congre- gation as first organized in after years. Part of the donated lots were sold by Father Quinlan for the purpose of buying ground for a cemetery. This latter is just northeast of the town, adjoining the town cemeter}'. In 1869 the church was built by Rev. L. Gueguen (then at Loogootee). Thomas Hart, a Mr. Kimmiling (who resided at Shoals temporarily), and Martin Mohr were trustees during the building of the church. Thomas Gormely was treasurer for a time at this early period, and Martin Mohr, who was a stonemason, did much to start and build the church. Trustee Thomas Hart, whose sons are substantial aiders of the church, deserves to be mentioned. In fact, all the Catholics residing here were willing helpers. The church is a neat brick, 60 x 30 feet, and is under the patronage of St. Louis, the name doubtless being proposed by the pastor, because of his own Christian name. The two-story frame pastoral residence stands on two lots facing the church, and was built by Rev. Father Quinlan, in 1878, at a cost of only $500; (432r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. a record made by him shows that $95 of this amount was realized from a steamboat excursion on the river, less $5 paid to M. Hayes for advertising in two Washington papers. The list of priests who attended Shoals, as correctly as now can be determined (for no records exist previous to 1882), is as follows: Revs. J. P. Murphy, Philip Doyle, J. Mougin, and Rev. Kintrup, who attended it from Mitchell. In 1877 came Rev. Michael Ouinlan, who was the first resident pastor and who remained until 1882. For brief periods it was attended by Fathers Sorrel and Burkhardt, of Washington, and Ginnsz, of St. Mary's; Rev. P. R. Fitzpatrick was there from 1882 to 1887, after which it was served for about one year by Father Slonie, of St. Martin's. On September 18, 1888, Rev. J. P. Byrne took charge, also attended the missions at Salem and Mitchell and during the water- ing season at French Lick. It may be said his coming marked a new era in the history of Catholicity here. He caused the ceme- tery to be put in good order, the church painted exteriorly and neatly papered inside. A marble plate, with the name of the church upon it, has been placed over the door and a neat cross has been put upon the belfry. A choir has been organized and is making good progress, and the residence repaired and furnished. Around the church, in the spacious lot, trees were set out by Rich- ard Hiney. The altar, a neat little one, is Romanesque in style, and was put in by Father Fitzpatrick. The frame sacristy was added by Father Ouinlan. Here Father Fichter also did good work until succeeded by Rev. F. W. Wolf, mention of whom will be found elsewhere. SOUTH BEND, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. St. Joseph's Church, South Bend, is attended by the oldest Catholic congregation in the city, which, as early as 1842, was attended from Notre Dame by the Revs. Sorin, Granger and Cointet. September 14, 1852, Very Rev. Edward Sorin purchased from Samuel Cottrell and his wife, Catherine, lots Nos. 124, 125 and 126. in the town of Lowell, now the city of South Bend, for the consideration of $250, the deed, in part, providing that the prop- ~(433j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY erty be used "for the benefit of the CathoHc school of St. Joseph county, Ind.," and it is now occupied by St. Joseph's parochial school, the location being at the northeast corner of Water and Hill streets. In 1853, Father Sorin erected on this property a brick structure, 22 x 40 feet, for church purposes, but subsequently it was used as a house of worship and a school-house for girls and small boys. Mass was read each Sunday for the people of the town and neighborhood, and once a week for the Sisters and their pupils, the regular attending pastors being Fathers A. Granger, J. Bourget and Levique. In 1859, when the old St. Patrick's chi rch was built, the spiritual wants of St. Joseph's were attended to by Rev. Father Carroll, on week days, he being at the same time engaged in organizing St. Patrick's congregation, and on Sundays services were conducted, in turn, by Fathers Bourget, Carrier. Neyron, Hartlang, Lemonnier, Doherty and L'Etourneau. Up to i860, all baptisms, marriages, burials, etc., were recorded in the churches where the ceremonies were performed, since which date these records, properly belonging to St. Joseph's, have been kept by this church. In 1862, a frame building, 18x26, was erected at the north- west corner of South Bend avenue and Notre Dame street for school purposes, and in September, 1866, a subscription was taken up by Rev. J. L. L'Etourneau for the purpose of erecting a new church, the result being that three lots on the southeast corner of Water and Hill streets were donated by Alexis Coquillard, and a frame church-building, 40x60 feet, completed in November, 1868, at a cost of $1,385.76. Rev. Julius Frere shortly afterward succeeded Father L'Etourneau, and September 2, 1869, gave a concert in Good's opera house, from proceeds of which he built a sacristy the same month, in a room of which he lived, and became, in fact, the first resident pastor. About the same time he removed the frame school-house from the hill to the site of the present parochial resi- dence. In January, 1870, Father Frere was succeeded by Rev. G. Demers, who of^ciated until the eve of Christmas, 1872, when the church and priest's house burned to the ground. The congrega- (434r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. ti(Hi now returned for services to their primitive chapel, the school children were sent to the vSisters' school, and the school-house sold for a private dwelling. In the spring of 1873, Father Demers was succeeded by Rev. Peter Lauth, who at once attempted a monthly collection of funds with which to build a new church, but, after four such attempts, the project was abandoned. Finally, the Very Rev. Father Sorin furnished whatever funds were necessary beyond the amount of the insurance money of the old church, and a new building, 60 x 30 feet, was erected, and this served for church, school and residence purposes until 1882. In the meanwhile, in 1881, the above-named property was sold to the Sisters of St. Mary's academy for a hospital, and the corner-stone of the present church-edifice laid the same year, on the lot formerly occupied by the old church which had been burned. Its dimensions are 118x45 feet, and was commenced by Rev. M. P. Fallize, C. S. C, the then pastor, and com- pleted in August, 1882, and the adjoining house was rented from Father Sorin for a parochial residence. It had been the intention to put u]) the structure with funds collected through yearly sub- scriptions, voluntary donations, and the interest derived from $4,000, which sum the congregation had invested in the Hill property; but, whatever the cost might have been, there remained to be paid eight years later a balance of $13,000. In 1884, a two-story brick building, 30x60 feet, was erected on the church property, to serve as a school for boys and as a hall for dramatic entertainments, the cost of the building being about $4,000; but the youth of east South Bend were not ripe enough for the drama, the school was not self-supporting, and, in 1890, the congregation, tired of paying both interest and rent for the priest's house, returned the children to the Sisters' school and remodeled the hall for a home for the pastor. During these years, from the time of Father Lauth to the present, the pastors have been Revs. J. L. L'Etourneau, G. De- mers, P. Veniard, M. Robinson, P. Franciscus, M. Fallize, and the present able N. J. Stoffel. The congregation numbers about (435) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY 250 families, and is comprised of English, French and German- speaking people. St. Patrick's Church, South Bend, was organized in 1858 by the Rev. Thomas Carroll, C. S. C, there being then about fifty Irish Catholic families in the town. In 1859 Father Carroll erected a small brick church, 60x30 feet, and the same year this was deeded to the Right Rev. J. H. Luers, bishop of Fort \\^ayne, the people being too poor to pay for it, but Father Carroll made a trip to New Orleans, La., where he soon collected sufficient money to pay off the entire debt. Rev. Joseph C. Carrier offtciating during the interval. Father Carroll continued as pastor until 1864, when Father Carrier again attended to the spiritual needs of the congre- gation until early in 1865, when Rev. William Corby took charge for a few months, during which time he completed the priest's residence, which had been begun by Father Carroll. November 18, 1865, Rev. P. P. Cooney became the first resi- dent priest. During his pastorate he added thirty-six feet to the church-building, also a wing, 50x32 feet, which was used as a school-room for boys. This wing was separated from the body of the church by folding-doors, which, when opened, made one room of the two rooms and formed for the church the largest auditorium at that time in South Bend. Father Cooney also established sev- eral societies for the young and adult members of the parish and did much other commendable work. In 1866 a school-house for girls was erected by the Sisters of the Holy Cross and is still flour- ishing under their wise direction. March 12, 1871, Father Cooney was withdrawn and Rev. D. J. Spillard appointed pastor. Father Spillard in 1872 built a two- story frame school-house for boys, continued as pastor until April, 1874, and was succeeded by Rev. William O'Mahony, who, in January, 1876, was followed by the Rev. John Lauth, and he, in December of the same year, by his brother, Rev. Peter Lauth, who officiated until August, 1880, when Rev. D. J. Hagerty was appointed pastor. It was at this time that the Right Rev. Bishop Joseph Dwenger gave the Germans permission to have separate services on Sunday and latei" to build a church of their own (St. (iMT IN THE STATE Ol- INDIANA. Mary's), an account of which is given on another page of this volume. High mass was celebrated every Sunday morning at nine o'clock in St. Patrick's, the sermon in German being preached by Rev. P. M. Kolopp, at that time the assistant priest. While the Germans held their services here they rented the pews and had full use of all the revenues therefrom. The corner-stone of a new church was laid in May, 1886, the edifice dedicated June 2, 1889, and in January, 1891, Rev. D. J. Spillard was appointed pastor. In August, 1893, the present very able pastor, Rev. J. W. Clarke, C. S. C., was appointed to St. Patrick's. Shortly after- ward he purchased a piece of land adjoining the school-house for $2,500 — a most desirable purchase, as the land affords an ample play-ground for the children. The school is taught by two Brothers and two Sisters of the Holy Cross from St. Joseph's academy and two lay teachers. The total number of pupils is about 489 and of these the girls, 130 in number, are taught in the academy. The congregation numbers about 200 families and, in addition to these, Father Clarke has charge of two stations — Crum's Point and Lake- ville, St. Joseph county. vSeveral societies are connected with the church, viz: St. Joseph's T. A. B. society, Temperance Cadets, the Living Rosary, the Arch Confraternity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Children of Mary and St. Aloysius society. Father Clarke has indeed proved to be an indefatigable worker and is truly beloved by his flock. St. Mary's Church, South Bend. — The congregation of this church was formed from that of St. Patrick in September, 1881, by the Rev. Father Kolopp, who, beside being assistant at St. Patrick's, had a supervision of the few German families who then • constituted the nucleus of the present St. Mary's parish. Febru- ary 3, 1882, Rev. Peter Johannes, C. S. C, was appointed pastor, and at that time the congregation comprised about fifty families. The energetic and devoted priest worked hard for the improvement of his flock and the welfare of the parish, and in 1883, aided by his faithful people, erected a neat frame house of worship, which is now attended by about 130 families. In 1884 a school-house was completed and opened in Jan- "(437) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY uary. with an attendance of twenty-seven pupils, under the instruc- tion of one lay teacher, but in 1891 this building was enlarged, and in January, 1895, 210 pupils were in attendance, undercharge of four Sisters of the Holy Cross, from Assumption academy. The present attendance is about 250, with teachers as before men- tioned. St. Hedwig's Church, South Bend. — The Polish Catholics of South Bend worshiped in the old St. Patrick's edifice -until 1877 and formed part of St. Patrick's congregation, but, in the year named, erected a small frame church for their separate use. This building was demolished by a wind-storm in 1879, but the congre- gation immediately set to work to erect a more commodious and substantial church-edifice, and during the process of its erection again worshiped at St. Patrick's. In 1883 the building was com- pleted by Rev. Valentine Czyzewski, the present efficient pastor, who has labored zealously and faithfully to advance the spiritual welfare of his countrymen and to improve their temporal con- dition. In 1884 a brick school-house was erected — the largest in the city — the number of pupils attending amounting to 860. These are instructed by three Brothers and five Sisters of the Holy Cross and three male lay teachers. The personnel of the church may be mentioned as Rev. Valentine Czyzewski, C. S. C, pastor; Revs. Anthony Zubowitez and C. Truczynski, assistants, and Brothers Stanislaus, Robert and Adelbert, teachers. Attached to the church also is the mission of St. Dominic, at Bremen, Marshall county. Although the congregation at St. Hedwig's, in 1877, numbered 125 families only, it now numbers at least 850 families — an enormous increase — due in a great measure to the indefatigable labor and zeal of the pious and learned pastor. Rev. Valentine Czyzewski, who is greatly reverenced and beloved by his own people and held in high respect by the general public of South Bend and the surrounding country. SUMMIT, DEKALH COUNTY. St. Michael's Church, at Summit, was organized, in 1880, by Rev. Augustus Young, and was dedicated by Right Rev. Bishop ("438) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Joseph Dwenger, the congregation at that time numbering about forty families. This congregation was attended as a mission from Auburn until 1882, when Rev. P. Fransen was appointed resident priest, whose death occurred within a year. Summit then again became a mission of Auburn until 1884, under Rev. M. Benzinger, who remained until 1897, when he was followed by Rev. Hermann Jurascheck, the present revered pastor. The church grounds embrace about one acre of ground, and the church-building, which was erected in 1880, by Father Young, at a cost of $2,000, measures 30 x 66 feet — being somewhat enlarged beyond its original dimensions. In 1888 the church-building at Waterloo was moved to Summit and is now used as a hall, and the Catholics of that parish worship at St. Michael's. TELL CITY, PERRY COUNTY. St. Paul's Church, Tell City, was founded and laid out by a Swiss colonization society, in 1858. Tell City is located on the Ohio river, three miles from Cannelton and four miles from Troy, and has about 2,500 inhabitants St. Paul's congregation was organized in 1859, and comprised then about twenty-five families. It was first attended by Rev. M. Marendt, of Cannelton, until January, 1861. From January to June, 1861, it was visited by Rev. J. B. Merl, also of Cannelton; then by Rev. J. P. Dion, of Cannelton; the Benedictine Fathers, of St. Meinrad; Rev. J. Kauffman and Rev. F. Friedinger, of Troy. Rev. Ferdinand Hundt was the first resident pastor, from May until December, 1863, when it was again attended by the Benedictine Fathers until 1867. In 1867 Rev. J. A. Michael was appointed (second) resident pastor, and remained such until May i, 1877, when Rev. Edward Faller became the pastor at Cannelton, and, jointly with Rev. P. Conrad Ackermann, O. S. B., of Troy, regularly attended Tell City. On the 28th of October. 1878, Father Faller took up his residence at Tell City. The first Catholic church in Tell City, a frame building 50 x 20 feet, was built in 1859, on Eighth street, lot and church costing $900. Father Marendt was then the visiting pastor. In 1870 a new brick church was begun on two new lots on the same street, ~(439j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY the lots, with a frame dwelHng on them, costing $800. The old church and lot were then sold for $425. In the same year the foundation was built and the corner-stone laid by the Rev. P. Bade O'Connor, O. S. B., chancellor of the diocese. The church was under roof in 1873. The work remained in that condition until Father Faller, in 1877, had the towers finished, the spires built, and the interior plastered. The church is 114x48 feet in dimensions, with forty feet in the clear in height on the inside. The height of the two spires is 134 feet. The building is in the Byzantine arched style. The cost of the church was $16,672. Other purchases of ground were made, so that the lot has a front- age of 160 feet, with a depth of 140. The brick parsonage on the south, and the brick school-house, 50 x 25 feet, on the north side of the church, were both built in 1878, at a cost of $4,172. The sisters of St. Francis conduct the school. The Way of the Cross, costing $340; the three new bells, costing $567; the tower clock, costing $700; and a new main altar, costing $1,164, were all provided in 1878. The entire church property has cost $26,290. In 1879 the congregation numbered only seventy families. It is hardly necessary to tell the reader that Father Faller had personal means to do the work he accomplished. The school was opened on September i, 1878, with ninety- five children. Father Faller departed from Tell City, in 1882, having accomplished much more than is recorded here. He was appointed pastor at St. Michael's, in Madison, to continue the good work. The Rev. James Hilbert next had charge of St. Paul's church. Tell City, and Rev. William F. Seibertz is the present pasior. TERRE HAUTE, VIGO COUNTY. St. Joseph was the first parish organized in Terre Haute, and Rev. S. P. Lalumiere was the first resident pastor, as he took charge in 1842, from which time the history of the parish proper begins. Of course, Terre Haute was a mission station for many years previously, divine services being held repeatedly for the Catholics there as early as 1835, and quite regularly from 1837 to 1842, Rev. Father^Buteux coming from St. Mary's for that pur- pose. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. The first St. Joseph's church is said to have been built by Father Buteu.x, perhaps in 1837 or 1838. It was then a mission attended from St. Mary's, Vigo county. Father Lalumiere made an addition to the structure, and Father Chasse enlarged and orna- mented it with a new front and steeple. Rev. Father Lalumiere ministered to the people until his death, which took place on the 9th of June, 1857. He was born at Vincennes in 1804, and at one time was the only priest Bishop Brute had in his large diocese, which then comprised the whole state of Indiana and a portion of Illinois. H's remains are buried in St. Joseph's church and a marble slab in his memory is set up near the Blessed Virgin's altar, bearing a fitting inscription. The records of the parish show that St. Joseph's was presided over by Jesuit Fathers from the death of Father Lalumiere until the arrival of Rev. P. Bede O'Connor, O. S. B., in 1859. These Jesuits were Rev. Father di Maria, 1857-58, and Rev. Father Lutz, 1859. Rev. O'Connor was next in charge of the parish about seven years, or until 1866, when he was sent to Vincennes. During a part of the time he was assisted by four other fathers of his order. Revs. Fintan, Martin, Chrysostome and Meinrad. A college which they conducted for a few years proving successful, they resigned and left the place after the removal of Father O'Connor. Rev. P. Bede O'Connor was born in London, in 1826, of Irish parents. He was educated in the famous Benedictine monastery at Einsiedeln, made his vows in 1847, and emigrated to the United States in 1852. He served as secretary to Bishop de St. Palais, as chancellor of the diocese, and in 1870 was appointed vicar- general. He died at Terre Haute, September 25, 1875. Rev. J. B. Chasse succeeded Father O'Connor and remained until 1872. Very Rev. H. Alerding, later pastor of St. Joseph's church, Indianapolis, and author of the History of the Diocese of Vincennes, was Father Chasse's assistant for two 5 ears and nine months. The Franciscan Fathers (O. M. C.) took charge of St Joseph's in 1872. Of these. Rev. Jno. Kroeger was the first. Rev. L. Moczigemba was the second; came in 1873, and was succeeded by Rev. Jos. Lessen during 1875-6. Rev. F. Neubaur came in 1877; 27 (441) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Rev. D. Marzetti in 1878-9; in 1880, Very Rev. M. C. McEvoy, O. M. C, became pastor. He came as assistant to Father Kroeger in 1872. Rev. Joseph J. Frewin, Father McEvoy's assistant for nine years, came in 1883, and about 1891 became pastor. St. Joseph's church is a brick structure, 45x110 feet, with stained glass windows, a good organ, and beautiful altars and fur- niture. It fronts on Fifth street, and stands on the center of the parish grounds, which occupy a half-block. South of the church stands the brick school for girls, taught by the Sisters of Provi- dence. There are nine Sisters and 115 girls in attendance. North of the church, on the corner of Ohio street, is a splendid new brick schools for boys. This building, the corner-stone of which was laid by the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Bessonies, cost $12,500. It has the latest improvements, is of excellent design, and is abreast of the best schools in Terre Haute. The top floor is used for an exhibi- tion hall, while the basement is used, part for meeting rooms for the parish societies, and the remainder for play rooms for the boys during the inclement season. The new school and grounds are valued at $65,000; the church and grounds are worth $50,000, and altogether St. Joseph's is, being the mother church in Terre Haute, the most valuable in memories and also in dollars and cents. Including the pastoral residence, the church and school property is worth the large sum of $125,000. There are 204 families in the congregation, with about 200 children attending the parish schools. The choir is a good one, the trustees efficient men, and the business of the parish is well in hand. Very Rev. M. C. McEvoy, O. M. C. , one of the popular and efficient pastors of St. Joseph's, was a native of the county of Wexford, Ireland, and a splendid specimen of the clear-skinned, dark-haired Celt. He began his studies for the church in Ireland, and continued them on the island of Malta, in the Mediterranean sea; at Cherso, an island in the Adriatic sea; at Wurzburg, Bavaria; in Germany, in Holland, and at Rome. He came to the United States in 1869, continued his studies at the Franciscan college at Syracuse, N. Y., and on September 29, 1871, at Albany, in that state, he was ordained priest by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Con- CO H U I— I Q W W PQ H Q Z H D ^ < o w H 2 H W JO o w JO •— I > -^ c H M d DO W z o o IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. roy. His first mission was at Trenton, X. J., where he remained about a year. In 1872 he was transferred to Louisville, Ky., and in June of that year he was sent as assistant to Leather Kroe^^er, who was the first Franciscan priest to take charge of St. Joseph's parish. Afterward Father McEvoy continued at his post of duty as assistant until 1880, until he became pastor in charge. Father McEvoy was deservedly popular with all classes in Terra Haute, and this fact was made manifest when a report that he was to be transferred to Rome called forth a lengthy petition, signed by all classes of people of Terre Haute, requesting the revo- cation of the order by his superior. He was affable and jolly and exteriorly was anything but a monk; yet, through his affability and approachableness could be seen his deep humility, just as through his limpid mirthfulness could be easily preceived his fervor, devot- edness and solid piety. On account of his extensive travels and by study he had acquainted himself with more than six languages, most of which he spoke fluently. He did not aspire to great eloquence in the pulpit, but could lay claim to plain speaking and forcefulness. He handled the material and all the monetary affairs of his parish very capably. He knew well how to raise funds, and was not lacking in ability to judiciously expend them. His people were impressed with these facts, hence his appeals to them were never without generous response. The assistant priest during Father McEvoy's time was Rev. J. J. Frewin, O. M. C, who succeeded to the pastorate, and whose life sketch will be found in \o\. H, of this work. The present pastor of St. Joseph's parish is Father Francis Lehner, who has been with the church since the 28th of July, 1898. St. Benedict's Church. — On the 17th of January, 1864, the feast of the Holy Name of Jesus, the German Catholics of Terre Haute, in compliance with the desire and invitation of their pastor, assembled for the purpose of discussing the feasibility of buildin^- a church of their own. Up to this time the German-speaking Catholics frequented St. Joseph's church on South Fifth street, which was in charge of the Benedictine Fathers. Thirteen gentle- men heeded the above invitation, with Rev. Father Martin Marty. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY O. S. B., at their head. Notwithstanding this small number, they were not discouraged, and it was resolved that each man present^ should exert himself to bring other German Catholics to the espousal of this noble cause and in the meantime consult with carpenters as to the cost of a small church. The next meeting was held January 31, 1864, with an increase of four members. At this meeting several plots of ground were proposed, but, not having sufficient information concerning them, nothing definite was arrived at. On the 7th of February, another meeting was held, the Rev. Fintan Mundwiler, O. S. B., presiding. At this meeting arrange- ments were made to purchase the present piece of property and erect upon it a church, school and parochial residence, in which later on they succeeded. St. Boniface's Building society was organized June 5. This society took great interest in so important a matter and God blessed its efforts and zeal, for in a short time, October 2, 1864, on the feast of the Holy Rosary, the corner-stone for St. Benedict's church was laid, and in the following year (1865) the edifice was formally dedicated to the services of God. Also a school and parochial residence were erected shortly after. Thus the German-speaking Catholics of Terre Haute acquired their own church, school and rectory, a reward of the untiring zeal of the Benedictine Fathers and of their own efforts and energy. The Benedictine Fathers at this time still lived at the rectory of St. Josephs church. South Fifth street, and continued yet for a short time to administer the affairs of St. Benedict's church, when Rev. Casper Doebbener was appointed its pastor in December, 1865, and continued in his position until January, 1867. In April, 1867, the Rev. Edward Faller took charge of the congregation ; he, having means of his own, spent considerable on the church and property. His successor was Rev. N. Gaellweiler, who was pastor of the church from March, 1871, to February, 1872. The next to take charge of St. Benedict's church were the Franciscan Fathers, of the Order of Minor Conventuals, whose motherhouse and novitiate are located in Syracuse, N. Y. The first Franciscan who arrived here was Rev. Pius Kotterer, O. M. (448) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. C. Under his direction the congregation remained from March, 1872, to October, 1877. During his administration the church and school were enlarged. Rev. Father Conrad Elison, O. M. C, was the successor and continued to administer from October, 1877, to January, 1880, when, on account of ill-health, he was obliged to resign his posi- tion. For the same reason his successor. Rev. Fidelis M. Voight, O. M. C, resigned in July, 1880. For a longer period Rev. Clemens Luitz, O. M. C, held the position of pastor of the con- gregation, viz: From July, 1880, to November, 1883. Rev. Maritius Bierl, O. M. C, followed and continued the administra- tion until April, 1885. when Rev. Avelinus Szabo, O. M. C, was appointed and remained in charge until November, 1886. Rev. Bonaventure Zoller, O. M. C. , was appointed as next pastor and remained in charge from November, 1886, to January, 1889. It was during his administration that the handsome school-house, corner of Ninth and Walnut streets, was built, at a cost of $26,000, the corner-stone of which was laid June 12, 1887. The following gentlemen constituted the building committee: Messrs. Herman Hulman, Sr. , Franz Prox, John F. Brinkman and Joseph Frisz. Not less than 200 children, under the direction of the Sisters of Providence, receive careful instruction in the English and German languages. The school is considered the finest parochial school in the city, and is another monument to the energy and zeal of the German Catholics of Terre Haute. The successor of Rev. B. Zoller, O. M. C, was Rev. Leonard Reich, O. M. C, born in Bavaria, April 17, 1847. He made his classical and theological studies principally at the university of Wurzburg, Bavaria, was received into the Order of Minor Con- ventuals of St. Francis, made his profession August 2, 1873. and on the 31st of the same month and year was ordained to the priesthood. Having faithfully discharged the office of guardian of the convents in Syracuse, N. Y. , and Utica, N. Y. , and of assist- ant provincial, he was appointed pastor of St. Benedict's church, in which capacity he remained from January, 1889, to November 20, 1892. His successor was the Rev. Peter W. Scharoun, O. M. C, (449) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY the present pastor of the church. He received his appointment November 12, 1892. Having settled and closed the accounts and books of SS. Peter and Paul's church, Camden, N. J., and preached a farewell sermon to his congregation, of which he was three years pastor, he made preparations for his journey to Tcrre Haute, his new field of labor. The necessity for a more spacious church had been apparent for some years. Notwithstanding that the members of the con- gregation were willing to subscribe liberally for this purpose, the undertaking, owing to hard times, had to be postponed. When the prospects were apparently more encouraging, a church fair was held for one week, beginning on the evening of November 4, 1895. The net proceeds, $4,050.93, were very encouraging, and were set aside as a building fund. After mature deliberation, the pastor called a meeting for December 3, 1895, of the following gentlemen: Messrs. Herman Hulman, Sr. , Franz Pro.x, John F. Brinkman, Joseph Frisz, Sr., Ernst Bleemel, John Dommerschau- sen, Anton Haring and August Fuchs. The meeting was very enthusiastic and all present unanimously concurred in the opinion that a new church was a necessitv. It was decided to build after the Romanesque style of architecture. At this meeting a building committee of the above gentlemen was formed with the following permanent officers: H. Hulman, president; J. Frisz, vice-presi- dent; J. F. Brinkman, treasurer, and Rev. P. W. Scharoun, secre- tary. Some few days after, when the building committee was anxious to begin work earnestly, an unwelcome visitor arrived at the paro- chial residence in the form of illness. Father Scharoun was stricken seriously and was obliged to put himself under the care of his phy- sician, and, in consequence, all progress was retarded until March 10, 1896, when the pastor's condition was so far improved that he was able to call the committee to his residence for further consulta- tion. At this meeting it was decided that a committee of three, consisting of the pastor, H. Hulman and A. Haring. be appointed to visit and inspect churches in large neighboring cities and gather such information and ideas that would enable them to proceed intelligently in the building of the new church. When the day (ISOT IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. (March i6) for departure had arrived the reverend pastor's condi- tion and strength were not sufficient!}- restored to undertake the journey, hence J. Frisz was appointed as a third member of this committee. These gentlemen went to Ouincy, 111., thence to Chi- cago, 111., where they visited many churches and made the per- sonal acciuaiiitance of A. Druiding, architect. Having seen several churches which had been built under his supervision, they made known to him their errand. Having returned home, they reported to the pastor, who called a meeting of the entire committee for March 31, at which it was definitely decided to erect a new church, with two front towers and cupola over the transept, and that A. Druiding be engaged to make plans, drawings and specifications for the same; it was furthermore decided to begin work at once, with removal of the old church The altars, confessional, pipe- organ and all other church furniture were removed from the old church to the school hall, where divine services were held during the erection of the new church. The work of tearing down the old church was commenced April 27; the corner-stone was discov- ered in the northwest corner of the foundation the 6th day of May. It contained a brass medal of the Immaculate Conception of B. V. M. . a picture of St. Benedict and a nickel cent dated 1862. The document was in a poor state of preservation and had fallen to pieces, so that the writing could not be deciphered. June 10, 1896. all plans, details and specifications for the new church were received. The pastor and building committee examined and criticized them thoroughly and accepted them, subject to some changes. Mr. Hul- man, imbued with genuine Catholic spirit and zeal for the new house of worship, went to Chicago to consult with the architect concerning these changes, also, in company with the pastor, visited other cities, such as South Bend, Fort Wayne, etc., to gather other useful information and ideas. June 25 the building committee assembled to open the different bids of contractors. The lowest bid was that of P. M. McCormack, of Columbus, Ind. The gen- eral contract was therefore awarded to him. The cut- stone con- tract was awarded to E. J. Edwards & Ward, of Chicago, 111. July 21 the work of excavation was commenced, the reverend pas- tor throwing out the first shovel of ground from the spot over 1451) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY which the high altar was to be erected. After a bed eighteen' inches deep of concrete had been deposited in the trenches the rev- erend pastor, with the assistance of Mr. Hulman, laid the first stone in the northeast corner of the foundation, August lo; work was then continued by the contractor and progressed satisfactorily. On the 23d day of September, 1896, a joint meeting of the officials of all the Catholic societies of the city was held in St. Benedict's- school in order to make arrangements for a parade on the day of the corner-stone laying. On Sunday afternoon, October 4, 1896, it being the feast of the Holy Rosary and that of St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order, the corner-stone of St. Benedict's new church was blessed and laid by the Rt. Rev. Francis Silas Cha- tard, D. D.. bishop of \'incennes. Previous to the ceremonies there was an immense street parade, headed by a platoon of police and two brass bands. Having marched through some of the principal streets of the city, the line of march was next directed to the Union depot to meet the right reverend bishop and escort him to the new church; at 2:45 P- ^'- his lordship arrived, and in a few minutes the soci- eties began their return march toward the church in the following order: Platoon of police in command of Capt. Charles Hyland; grand marshal and aids; Ringgold brass band; St. Francis' soci- ety of St. Benedict's church; Hibernian Benevolent society; St. Joseph's Temperance society; Ancient Order of Hibernians of Vigo county, divisions Nos. i, 2, 3 and 4; Catholic Knights; Oriental brass band; Young Men's institute; St. Patrick's Young Men society; Young Men's Literary union of St. Joseph's church; St. Anthony's Young Men's society of St. Benedict's church, who formed the escort for the right reverend bishop; the right reverend bishop's carriage, drawn by four white horses; carriages with vis- iting and local priests. Having arrived at the parochial residence, the bishop was received by the local and visiting clergymen. The bishop and clergy being vested, the procession, at 3: 15 f. m., began to move toward the new edifice, where the ceremonies were performed as (452r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. directed in the Pontifical Romanuni. Ttie preliminary ceremonies being over, the massive stone was lowered into })osition, guided on the north side by the benefactor, Herman Hulman, whose gen- erous donations had made it possible to undertake the erection of the new church on so elaborate a scale. The ceremonies being ended, Rt. Rev. Bishop Chatard, with the clergy, mounted the large platform which had been erected and preached an eloquent sermon in English, and Very Rev. Hugolinus Storff, O. S. F.. in the German language. In conclusion, the pastor intoned the Te Deum (Groszer Gott wir loben Dich), in which he was joined by the entire congregation, accompanied by the Ringgold brass band. This ended the ceremonies. The day itself was a most delightful one, and thousands of people had thronged the streets to wit- ness the event. Work on the new church was again resumed and continued until cold weather necessitated a suspension until the spring of 1897, when work progressed uninterruptedly, so that the con- tractor was able to deliver over the building and keys of the same to the pastor and trustees on the 12th day of March. 1898. St. Ann's Parish, Terre Haute, was organized in 1866. Rev. M. Quinlan was its first pastor. It comprises the northern portion of the city, and has about 100 families besides the 1 10 inmates of St. Ann's Orphan asylum. The parish was created to accommodate the few families residing north of Chestnut street — the pastor say- ing one mass at the asylum each Sunday morning and one for the small congregation at the church. The situation has changed somewhat since then, as St. Ann's parish is now large enough of itself to keep its pastor busy; nevertheless he is the chaplain of the asylum also. The present St. Ann's church, a frame structure 35x75 feet, was built in 1866. About the same time the greater part of the present pastoral residence was erected. It has since been added to and much improved. A debt of considerable magnitude, of course, was occasioned by these buildings, and Father Ouinlan relinquishing the charge, the church was attended by the pastor of St. Joseph and his assistants.- This state of affairs continued "1463) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY until February i, 1878, when Rev. John McCabe, just ordained, was on that very day placed in charge of St. Ann's congregation as its second pastor. He continued his labors until about July, 1885, when, on the third day of that month and same year, its present pastor. Rev. John Ryves, was commissioned by the Right Rev. Bishop Chatard. Father Ryves. with the experience of one year and a half at New Castle, where he paid off a debt on the church, and of twenty- three months at Richmond, where he also paid oE another parish debt, took hold of St. Ann's with the knowledge that there, too, he had to wrestle with a financial obligation. He applied himself to the work, and has succeeded in paying off $1,000. Since his taking charge he has remodeled and frescoed the interior of the church, improved and refurnished the parsonage at an outlay of more than $1,000, and to the parish grounds has added an extra lot for school-house purposes, thereby making the enlarged lot 300 by 136 feet. This new lot fronts on Locust street, and cost $1,000. The value of the property is considerably over $10,000. This value is sure to increase, as the city is fast extending its improve- ments not only up to and around St. Ann's, but also beyond. Dwellings are being erected and real estate in the vicinity is now in demand, whereas the same property was not heretofore consid- ered either desirable or valuable. With this fact in view, and also the willingness and efhciency of the pastor considered, the future of St. Ann's congregation is certainly bright with promise. The systematic working of the congregation in the matter of trustees, societies, choir, etc., is about the average, except that the choir is remarkable for the youth of its members, and also their talent and good will. They volunteer their services, a thing which is greatly appreciated, not only by the reverend pastor, but by the entire congregation as well. The hours for the Sunday masses are 8 and 10 o'clock in the morning, with catechism at 2 in the afternoon, followed by ves- pers and benediction. The parish school has about 100 boys and girls in attendance, with three Sisters of Providence as tutors. Rev. John Rvves, of whom a biographical notice is given on (454) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. page 872, \'ol. II, is a debt payer but not much of a debt creator. He believes in pa3'ing as you go, or, at least, in coming as near to so doing as possible. The youthful pastor here mentioned is noted for (juite a num- ber of traits and capacities besides his financial ability. With Tennyson's Merlin, he might say: " Use gave me fame at first, and fame, again increasing, gave me use." He is an apostle of temperance, is among the ablest advocates of the cause, and is doing great good among his own people as well as occasionally in many other parts of the diocese. As a pulpit orator and popular speaker he has few equals for his years. His address is most pleasing, his manner modest, while his personal appearance is up to the standard. He is notably unassuming, and seems to be unaware of his powers, or else to have attained to a degree of modesty far beyond that of the average young clergyman. St. Patrick's congregation was set apart or organized in 1881, as much with a view to accommodate the people of the southeast section of Terre Haute as to establish a Catholic school there. Rev. Thomas X. Logan was placed in charge, and began at once the erection of St. Patrick's church, a Gothic structure of large dimensions, which is among the finest church-edifices in the city. The parish grounds are at the southeast corner of Thirteenth and Poplar streets. The church is on the corner, and to the east is the parish school-building erected and conducted by the Sisters of Piovidence. This is a spacious brick structure, and is attended by 200 children. In the rear of the church, and fronting on Thir- teenth street, is the home of the pastor. St. Patrick's church was built when prices were high and infla- tion was upon the land. It cost $22,000, and perhaps is a good value for the money, especially if we include the elegant furnish- ings, the fine altars and other improvements. There are 260 zealous families in the parish. The church societies at St. Pat- rick's are numerous and prosperous and the choir is especially praiseworthy. To assist at vespers at St. Patrick's is to be delighted with the service. The pastor, in unison with the altar boys, chants the psalms in alternate verse with the choir and entire (455) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY congregation. The musical ear can detect some very good voices, notably among the sopranos and altos, while the compact and sweet baritone of the pastor is clearly distinguishable. The congre- gation is in very good condition, and, while composed of no wealthy' members, it is nevertheless harmonious and united in its efforts to do its whole duty. There are comparatively few drones among the busy bees of St. Patrick's, and among the most active and best disposed are the following gentlemen, who act as trustees: Dan Lynch, Dennis Barret, Michael Burke and John James. Rev. Father Logan founded the parish, and Rev. D. J. McMullen, now of Richmond, Ind., succeeded him and was the immediate predecessor of the present very reverend pastor. He remained in charge of St. Patrick's from July 20, 1883, until July I, 1885. Very Rev. Victor A. Schnell, the present beloved pastor of St. Patrick's church, is a genial and scholarly gentleman. He is certainly a cosmopolitan of the most approved type; being a Frenchman by birth, and an American by adoption, a German in language, an Irishman by association, a Catholic by the grace of God, and a priest without doubt by divine vocation. On page 918, Vol. n, will be found a brief sketch of his life and labors. Father Schnell has zealously devoted himself to the spiritual and educational interests of his people without at all neglecting their material interests. Since his advent at St. Patrick's he has not only paid off considerable of the crushing debt which he found on the church, but has even made some improvements beside, one of which, the frescoing of the church, is certainly a very com- mendable work. He is devoting himself to the parish schools and, being a musician, his choir is not neglected, for he takes consider- able pride in its success. He is an able and practical preacher, the possessor of a good voice and all the effective requisites of the pulpit. He is a man o^ excellent judgment, his zeal is tempered with prudence, and his being a member of the bishop's council is a fitting recognition of his work. Few men have borne up under the trials of twenty years of severe missionary life as resolutely and cheerfully as has plain Father Schnell, the soldier, priest and cosmopolitan. (456) IN THE STATE OE INDIANA. Til' TON, III'TON COUNTY. St. John the Baptist Church. — Prior to 1856 there were but five Catholic families in Tipton county and no priest visited the community, the worshipers attending mass at Kokomo. The first mass celebrated in Tipton county was at the home of Daniel Mor- gan, who resided two miles east of Tipton, and Father Maloney was the priest present. He ministered to the wants of the people but a short time, when he was succeeded by Rev. Father Force; next came Rev. Father Bernard Kroeger, now of St. Bridget's church, Logansport, during whose charge the first church property was obtained, one lot being donated by Cornelius Barlow, and one lot being purchased. The present church occupies this first acqui- sition. Father Kroeger was succeeded by Father Mougin, and he in turn by Rev. L. Lamour, who had charge in 1865. In 1867 came Rev. M. Haly, and in 1869 Rev. F. Borg. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. J. O'Brien, who, in 1871, was followed by Rev. P. M. Frawley. In 1872 Rev. J. Grogan officiated and he was suc- ceeded, in 1873, by Father Lordemann. In 1874 or 1875 the first church was built; there were up to this time only about fifteen families in the parish, and the treasury contained only $3. How- ever, a comfortable frame church-edifice was erected. Father Lordemann held divine service once each month, as the greater portion of his time was consumed at Kokomo, the main parish. It was during this time that the right reverend bishop sent an assistant to relieve Father Lordemann of the Tipton charge, and also to attend the extra charges at Boxley and Buscher's, which are now attended from Elwood. In 1876, Rev. F. G. Lentz arrived as the first resident priest. It now became necessary to have a residence for the pastor, and the members set to work with a will, raised a subscription, lent willing hands, and soon a comfortable home was completed. A pastor being a permanent fixture, new members located in the county and the church soon assumed a more healthy and flourishing condition, and the congre- gation so increased that an addition to the church-building was erected, so as to increase the seating capacity. It now became (457) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY necessary to provide a school for the children, and in August, 1885, the corner-stone of a handsome two-story brick was laid, but before the building was completed the church (December 14, 1885) was destroyed by fire, and one of the halls of the school-building was devoted to church purposes. This room was used until the completion of the present church, the corner-stone being laid June 16, 1889. Father Lentz was succeeded, June 5, 1890, by Rev. A. J. Kroeger, the present pastor, who is beloved by all who know him. The present church-edifice was dedicated August 30, 1891, and visitors were present from LaFayette, Fort Wayne, Logans- port, Kokomo, Muncie. New Castle, Indianapolis, Connersville, Frankfort and other places, various societies from said towns com- ing in a body. In the absence of Bishop Dwenger the services were conducted by Rev. J. H. Brammer, vicar-general of the Fort Wayne diocese. He was assisted by Fathers J. H. Guendling, of LaFayette, B. Biegel, of Elwood, and Lordemann, of Kokomo, the sermon being delivered by Father Brammer. The choir of Mother Gertrude, of the Sisters, rendered Haydn's Imperial (No. i) mass. The church-building is of Gothic architecture, with eighty feet frontage and 130 feet in depth. It is provided with all modern church conveniences, including gallery, cloak and ante- rooms, etc., and the frescoing is equaled by that of but few churches in the state. The windows are rare works of art, two of them costing $800. In one of the windows is a representation of the Madonna, with the words "Ave Maria, Gratia Plena." The other represents a vision of the Redeemer. In every part of the building the artist, F. B. Kendrick, of Fort Wayne, has displayed his skill. The present church-edifice is an imposing structure and would do credit to a much larger congregation. It has a seating capacity of 800, and is valued at $35,000. In 1897 a new two- story brick residence for the pastor. Rev. A. J. Kroeger, was erected, costing about $4,000, but as the members of the Tipton parish are always ready to assist in labor, the cash outlay on any building erected by them is much less than the value of the property when completed. (458) IN THE STATK OF INDIANA. TKUV, rERRV COUNTY. St. Pius' Church, at Troy, was erected in 1849, is of brick, and is 48 x 33 feet in dimensions. It has been attended as fol- lows: Revs. J. Contin. from 1849 to 1851; Henry Peters, Jan- uary 10, 1851, to August 3, 1853; P. Bede O'Connor, O. S. B. , until September 4, 1854, from Ferdinand; Michael Marendt until September 25, 1859; Joseph Kaufmann until February 2, 1863; Ferdinand Hundt until February 6, 1864, from Tell City; Martin Marty, O. S. B., until October i, 1865, from St. Meinrad; Wolfgang Schlumpf, O. S. B., until December 10, 1865; Fred. Friedinger until June 10, 1866; P. Fintan and P. Benno, O. S. B., until December 23, 1866; Andrew Michael until August 4, 1867; B. H. Kintrup until November 14, 1869; P. Benno Gerber, O. S. B. , until August I, 1871; F. Mueller until October 20, 1873, resident; Henry Hug, O. S. B., until May 4, 1875; ^- Placidus Zarn, O. S. B., until May, 4, 1876; P. Conrad Ackermann, O. S. B. Missions were held by Rev. F. X. Weninger, S. J., in 1859, and by Rev. Alphonse Leute, O. S. B., in 1875. In 1879 the con- gregation numbered seventy-two families. The estimated value of .the church property is $2,800. The parsonage was bought in 1859, and the corner-stone of a new brick church was laid in Sep- tember, 1 88 1. The present pastor is the Rev. William Wack. TURKEY CREEK, LAKE COUNTY. SS. Peter and Paul's Church, of Turkey Creek, was attended as a station as early as 1847 by Rev. A. Carius, and from 1850 by the Holy Cross Fathers — Cointet, \'oors and Schilling — from Notre Dame, St. Joseph county, who regularly paid their visits until 1857, when F'ather Tusch became the first secular pastor. He was followed for a short time by Father Mayer, and then came Rev. Philip Wegmeyer, in 1858, as the first resident priest, who remained until the fall of 1859, after which came Father Giedel, who officiated until February, 1862, when Rev. M. P. Wehrle was placed in charge. Prior to this date the congregation worshiped in a log building, one and one-half miles northeast of the present "1459) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY church-edifice, which was erected by Father Wehrle in 1863. The site of the old church is still utilized as a cemetery. Father Wehrle remained in charge of the congregation until the summer of 1867, when he was succeeded by Father Schmitz, resident pas- tor of Dyer, Ind., who was succeeded by Rev. Philip Wegmeyer, who resided in Turkey Creek, and who again officiated from the fall of 1868 until July, 1871; Rev. H. Meissner was the pastor from that time until the summer of 1873; Rev. F. J. Frund, until the spring of 1874; Rev. Baumgardner, from April, 1874, until December, 1880; Rev. H. M. Roth, until the spring of 1883, and thereafter the congregation was attended from Crown Point by the Rev. Maurice Kaeder, O. S. B., until the close of 1884, when Rev. Joseph Flach was appointed resident priest and remained from early in 1885 until July 29, 1888, when the Rev. Charles V. Stet- ter, the present pastor, was placed in charge. To Turkey Creek there belong at present about forty German families. .UNION CITY, RANDOLPH COUNTY. The Catholic church at Union City was begun in 1854; Rev. Sheon, of Sidney, was pastor one year. Rev. Hemsteger, from Piqua, came in 1855; Rev. Clane came next and established a chapel on the farm of Mr. Weis, two miles from town; Rev. Hem- steger came again, and stayed four years; Rev. Shelhammer, from Greenville, then came, remaining until 1862; Rev. McMahon was next, until 1865. During his pastorship a church was built on Plum street north of Oak street, frame, and about 1870 a large bell was added. Rev. Lamour was pastor from 1867 to 1870; Rev. Von Schwedler, 1870 to 1871; Rev. Noll, 1871 to 1875. Kev. Jeremiah Ouinlan succeeded, who was pastor until 1890, when he was succeeded by Rev. F. A. King. The congregation is thriving and prosperous, with a property of four lots, a church, a parson- age, nunnery and a school-house; as also a cemetery, out of town, two miles north of the Salem pike. St. Mary's school is taught by Sisters of the Holy Cross and is attended by 100 pupils. A flourishing day school has been maintained for many years by the Catholics, which has been, for a considerable time, free to all (leoT IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. comers, throu^'h the munificence of Peter Kuntz, lumber dealer in Union City, and a member of the Catholic congregation. The congregation, in 1890, was worshiping in a substantial, but unpretentious and wholly inadequate edifice, and Father King's first thought was to provide a fairer and properly commodious house of worship for his people. There was only about $1,200 in the church treasury, but this apparant lack of material funds did not deter the earnest pastor, and it was not long until his efforts toward the enlargement of his parish were rewarded by the assurance of a fund sufficient to guarantee the completion of the work he had in mind. In 1891 the corner-stone of the new church was laid with imposing ceremonies, the Rt. Rev. Joseph Brammer officiating. On February 12, 1895 — proud day for St. Mary's par- ish — the new church, splendid and complete, was dedicated to the service of God, the dedicatory services being presided over by Bishop Chatard. This new church cost nearly $25,000, and so well have its frnances been managed that the congregation is prac- tically out of debt. The church is well-finished and stands a sub- stantial local monument to the zeal of good Father King and the earnestness of his parishioners. The present congregation num- bers 126 families. With its passing as a place of worship the old church did not lose its usefulness, however, as it is now constantly occupied as a place of meeting of the several auxiliary societies of St. Mary's. In this old structure are held the meetings of the Catholic Benevolent society, of the Catholic Benevolent legion and of the Catholic Knights of St. John. St. Mary's cemetery is a beautiful spot of consecrated ground, containing five acres, and the pride of the parish is manifested in keeping it in faultless order. In addition to his duties as pastor of St. Mary's, Father King is also charged with the spiritual direction of the adjacent mission at Winchester. This is an interesting and growing mission, at present containing about a dozen families and full of promise of large future development. The church-building is a frame, was built in 1882 by Rev. J. H. Ouinlan and cost $600. 28 (461) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY VALPARAISO, PORTER COUNTY. St. Paul's Church, at Valparaiso, was organized in 1861 by the late Rev. Father O'Reilly, though previous to that the congrega- tion, which was somewhat small and scattered about the vicinity, was looked after by Revs. George Hamilton, John Force and A. Batti. Father O'Reilly at first held services in a hall over one of the business houses, and several years later erected a commodious structure, within a stone-thrown, where now stands one of the handsomest and finest edifices in the state, erected, in 1880, at a cost of $60,000. Later he built St. Paul's school, a three-story brick building, and a pastoral residence. He died in 1888, and Rev. John Dempsey, now at Crawfordsville, took charge, and he was succeeded, in June, 1898, by Rev. John H. Bathe, of Wabash, who was transferred, in July, to Fort Wayne. Very Rev. L. A. Moench, for many years stationed at Plymouth, is now rector. The congregation numbers about 2,000, and is composed of Irish, Germans, Americans, French and English. The congrega- tion owns its own cemetery, which was purchased in 1872 and con- secrated by the late Bishop Joseph Dwenger, D. D., of Fort Wayne. It is the best laid out and handsomest in the county. Though over $100,000 have been spent during the past twenty years in the way of buildings, etc., the congregation is at present nearly free from debt. The parochial school connected with the academy is in charge of five Sisters of Providence, and is attended by forty-five boys and eighty-five girls. VANDERBURG COUNTY. St. Joseph's Church. — The first Catholic church in St. Joseph's parish was a log structure, and was erected in the summer of 1841. The building was two stories high, the front half of the lower floor being utilized for school purposes, and the rear half, divided into two small rooms, served as the pastoral residence, while the upper floor was devoted to divine service. Prior to the erection of this building, mass had been read, as far back as 1836, by the Redemp- torist. Father Czackart, at the house of Widow Weis, the Father (462r IN THE STATE OI" INDIANA. coming all the way from St. Marie, Jasper county, 111., where he had his home with John Pi(iuet. Kev. Roman Weinzoepfel suc- ceeded Father Czackart and attended until May, 1842, after which date Rev. Anthony Deydier visited the mission several times. In October, 1842, Rev. Conrad Schneiderjans, of Oldenburg, Frank- lin county, was placed in charge of the missions near Evansville, established himself at St. Wendel, and from that place visited St. Joseph's until the fall of 1845. Rev. C. Oppermann and Rev. Martin Stahl, assistants of Father Deydier at Evansville, occasion- ally visited the mission until April, 1846, when Rev. Roman Wein- zoepfel returned, his station being then at St. Wendel. September 15, 1849, Bishop de St. Palais came to St. Joseph's parish to administer the sacrament of confirmation. This visit was a blessed one, as it resulted in the purchase of ground, at a cost of $95, for the site of a new church-edifice. Thirty families sub- scribed $1,700, in money, toward the construction of the proposed building, while others pledged themselves to furnish labor or material. May 28, 1850, the corner-stone of the new edifice was laid by Bishop de St. Palais, assisted by Fathers Deydier, Kutassy and Weinzoepfel. The foundations were 40x86 feet, the walls of brick, and of Roman architecture. The total cost of the building was about $2,200, not including the cost of the bell ($150), nor the labor and material donated, and of this sum Bishop de St. Palais liberally contributed $200 from his private means. April 13, 185 I, divine ser\ices were held in the new church, but it was not until April 27, that the building was formally dedicated. From May 9 until May 17, 1852, a very successful mission was held by Rev. F. X. Wenninger, S. J., the neighboring congregations taking part, and holy communion was administered to about 900 souls. Toward the end of the 'fifties St. Joseph's received its first res- ident pastor in the person of Rev. F. W. Pepersack, who erected a substantial brick parsonage at a cost of only $1,000. In June, 1861, he was succeeded by Rev. John B. Merl, who remained until Ma>-, 1874. On November i, 1874, the Rev. J. F. Sondermann was placed in charge, remaining until May, 1875, when he was succeeded by Rev. Jos. Schuck. In 1879 Father Schuck built the present imposing school-house at a cost of $5,000. In 1885 he A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY was sent to a more important charge and Father Pepersack returned to St. Joseph's. In the summer of 1886 the church with all its contents was destroyed by fire. It was a hard blow for the congregation and its venerable pastor, who, finding himself, owing to the infirmities of age, unequal to the task of rebuilding, resigned in the fall of 1887, when the Rev. A. A. Schenk was asked to assume the work. Father Schenk pushed the undertaking with characteristic vim, and, being cheerfully seconded by his parish- ioners, erected, in 1888, the present beautiful edifice, which, with its appurtenances, cost about $ I 5,000. In November, 1897, Father Schenk was transferred to Brookville, and the Rev. Frank A. Roell given temporary charge of St. Joseph's, remaining until May, 1898, when Rev. Henry Fein succeeded him. A commodious parsonage of modern architecture, costing $3,000, will be erected in 1899. The congregation of St. Joseph's at present numbers 100 fam- ilies, mostly prosperous farmers. The parochial school, taught by three Sisters of St. Francis, is attended by eighty pupils. The parish is also spiritually in a most healthy condition. VIGO COUNTY. St. Mary's of the Woods. — The grounds for the first church and cemetery in St. Mary's parish were donated in 1837 by the late Joseph Thralls, the patriarch of his family and the pioneer of Catholicity in these parts. In his house the first pastor and other missionary priests found a home. The first church, a small frame structure, was built in 1837. It was accidentally burnt down in 1842 or 1843. The ne.xt church was erected in 1844. It was a small brick building which, old residenters say, had very much the appearance of a prison or jail, from the fact that there were no windows in it, exeept one or two situated on or near the roof. This unique little structure was blessed on November 7, 1844. The following item is copied from the record: " 1844. November 7th, Feast. Rt. Rev. G. de la Hailandiere, Bp. Vin., blessed the church at St. Mary's of the Woods, dedicated to God under the invocation of the Mother of God, b)^ the name of St. Mary's of the Woods; attended the ceremony: M. M. E. Shaw, L. Lalumiere, \'. Bellier, S. Buteu.x and M. Mullen. J. Corbe, pastor. " (464) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. This prison-like building was pulled down and replaced by the present church in 1866. Priests visited these parts at an early day. The first that can be given as correct is that of the Rev. Stanislaus Buteux, who became the first resident priest in 1 837. His first baptism is dated January 12, 1837, his first marriage Decem- ber 19, 1837. He was noted for his kindness of heart, cheerful, frank manners, and ardent zeal in the conversion oi souls. He was beloved by both Catholics and Protestants. The old resi- denters love to talk of the old times when Father Buteux was wont to visit them in their humble log cabins, and warm his feet by their blazing fire-places. Father Buteux made several con- verts at an early date, some of whom did not prove faithful. He remained at St. Mary's until 1842, when he went to Boston, Mass., where he died in June, 1875, beloved by clergy and people. Father Buteux was succeeded by the Rev. Anthony Parret, who remained until 1844, when he joined the Jesuits, and died, many years ago in the south, of yellow fever. Rev. John Corbe was appointed the pastor in 1844. He had charge until 1865, when he resigned the pastorship of St. Mary's congregation, but remained chaplain at the mother-house of the Sisters of Providence until the day of his death, June 3, 1872. Father Corbe was a native of the diocese of Rennes, France, where he made his studies and was ordained priest. He was quite young when he followed Bishop Brute to the diocese of Vincennes, in 1836. His first mission was Francisville, ten miles below Vin- cennes. In 1840 he took charge of the seminary at Vincennes, and soon after also of the congregation, until his removal to St. Merry's of the Woods in 1844. Bishop de St. Palais made him his vicar-general, and, during the absence of the bishop in Europe, he was administrator of the diocese. The Benedictine Fathers at Terre Haute now took charge of St. Mary's church. The Rev. Martin Marty, O. S. B., and the Rev. Fintan Mundwiler, O. S. B., paid a few visits, when, in 1866, the Rev. Meinrad McCarthy, O. S. B., began to reside here. He had his home with the excellent Mr. Thralls until, in 1868, he built a two-story frame parsonage, with kitchen. Under his administration the present brick church, 75 x 32 feet, was built. "(466) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY He also had charge of many missions, in all of which he built small churches, not less than six in number. He is known as "the" church-builder. He remained pastor of St. Mary's until the spring of 1871. The Rev. Eugene F. McHarron came on July 7, 1871. He revived the Catholic schools, which had been discontinued a few years before his advent. The Sisters of Providence had taught the parish school from the time of their arrival from France in 1840. In September, 1872. Father McBarron re-opened the school, with an attendance of forty children. The congregation at that time numbered seventy families. In 1873 he built an addition of four rooms to his parsonage. The old cemetery was situated near the St. Mary's institute; the new cemetery, bought of Mr. Frank Thralls in 1866, is adjoining the present church. Having labored zealously for the happiest results in his congregation, Bishop Cha- tard, to the great credit of the St. Mary's people, appointed him pastor of the church of the Assumption at Evansville, where he arrived November 7, 1879. Rev. Augustine Riehle is at present the pastor of St. Mary's. VINCENNET KNOX COUNTY. Church of St. Francis Xavier. — Vincennes is the oldest city in Indiana, and the church of St. Francis Xavier of that city, for- merly the cathedral of the old diocese of Vincennes. was the first church erected in the state. In consequence, it has special claims upon the respect and veneration of the Catholic people. On the arrival of the French expedition under de Vincennes, in 1702, mass was celebrated by the accompanying Jesuit priest in the open air under a tree on the great sand hill which then over- looked the Wabash river at that point. After mass, and before either the priest, the Indians or the soldiers had refreshed them- selves, the site of the future St. Francis Xavier church was selected; afterwards that of the fort was determined, which for many years after bore the name of the church — Fort St. Francis Xavier. This first church at Vincennes was built of logs placed on end, while the interstices were plastered or filled with adobe. Several (46H) IN THl£ STATK OF INDIANA. Indians, converted by the missionaries of previous years, aided in the work of its construction. It stood until about the year 1785, for it was not until that year, memorable by the arrival of Father Gibault, that the new or second lo^ church, larger than the first and better appointed, was ready for occupancy. This second structure was 40x90 feet and served its purpose until 1830, when it was torn down, the present brick church having been then ready for use. Its ground plan was 60 x 115 feet, and its vaulted ceiling fully seventy- five feet high. The church was later lengthened by Bishop Hailandiere. This edifice was projected by that most energetic and devoted priest. Father Champomier, in 1825, and the corner-stone was laid by him March 30, 1826. Interiorly it remained unfinished not only until the arrival of Bishop Brute, in 1834, but even dur- ing his life. The good bishop took greater interest in educational matters than in church adornment, for he expended funds collected in France not to beautify his cathedral church but to establish free parochial schools and a seminary for the education of priests. However, before his death, in 1839, he had collected considerable material looking to the improvement of the cathedral church of St. Francis Xavier. Bishop de la Hailandiere, who succeeded Bishop Brute, attended to this much needed work. He not only enlarged the building and finished the interior, but also erected on it a tower and spire and placed in the former a large clock, which for fifty years told time for the public. The subsequent pastors, notably Fathers O'Connor and Peythieu, additionally adorned the interior of the church with costly oil paintings of the stations of the cross and with a life-size sculpture of the dead Christ upon the cross. These to-day are the most attractive features of that venerable edifice. The church library, which Bishop Brute began to collect, is now a most creditable feature, while the parish schools, which date back to the days of that saintly bishop, are, as he would have them, in charge of the Sisters of Providence. About 300 children attend them. The location of the church, schools and rectory is central, A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY and these structures are among the finest improvements in Vin- cennes. The old cemetery which adjoined the first and the second log churches has entirely disappeared. The new cemetery is beyond the city limits. In the chapel, which occupies the basement of the present church, repose the mortal remains of Bishops Brute, Bazin, Hai- landiere and St. Palais. Thirty or more missionary priests made transient visits to Vincennes and exercised their priestly functions in St. Francis Xavier's church previous to the establishment of the old Vincennes diocese and the advent of Bishop Brute, in 1834. Since then a much larger number have ministered there, the history and labors of whom would be too much of a task to attempt here. The present clergymen in charge (1898) are Rev. Louis Gueguen, rector, and Rev. John Gorman, assistant. Following is a complete list of all the pastors who have offici- ated at St. Francis Xavier's cathedral from the beginning until the present time: The unknown Jesuit Father, who founded the church, from 1702 to 1708; John Mermet, from 1708; Antonius Senat, who was burned at the stake by the Indians at the same time with de Vin- cennes on Palm Sunday, 1736; Mercurin Conic in 1748; Sebastin Louis Meurin in 1749; P. du Jannay; Louis Vivier, from 1753 to 1756; Julian Duvernai, from 1756 to 1.763. He was kidnaped by an armed force sent by the legislative council of Louisiana with instructions to arrest all Jesuit priests in the northwest. This armed force in the night, in October, 1763, seized Father Duver- nai and his property and carried them off to St. Louis and thence to New Orleans. The priests arrested were sent to France on the steamship Minerve. All the pastors of the church to this date were French Jesuits. Pierre Gibault, the patriot priest of the northwest, was pastor at different times from February 10, 1770, to 1792. In February, 1777, he administered the oath of alliegance to the French settlers here, binding them to support and succor the American colonies, then struggling for independence. For this he was arrested by the IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. British authorities and sent out of the country. Benedict Joseph Flaget, afterward Bishop of Bardstown, in Kentucky, was the next pastor. This church was his first ministerial work in this country. Father Lavadoux was sent here by Bishop Carroll in 1795; John B. Rivet, also sent by Bishop Carroll, remained from June 12, 1796. to January 31, 1804, the date of his death. He was the first priest that died in Vincennes. Donatian Olivier came in 1805; Charles Nernick/, in 1806; Urban Guillet, in 1808; Etienne Theo- dore Badin, in 1810; Guy J. Chabrat, afterward coadjuter bishop of Bishop Flaget; Father Rosati, afterward bishop of St. Louis; Father Aequeroni, a Lazarist; Anthony Blanc, afterward arch- bishop of New Orleans; Father Jeanjean; Anthony Ferrari, in 18 19; Father Richards, who was afterward elected a member of congress from Michigan; John B. Champomier, the builder of the present church edifice, from 1823 to 1826; Father Durbin, in 1826; Father Abel, in 1829; Father Fanche; Father John Timon, in 1830, who was afterward first bishop of Buffalo; Father Reynolds, afterward bishop of Charleston; S. P. Lalumiere; Father Petit; Xavier Dahman; Linnis O. Coome; Stanislaus Buteux; Maurice Berrel; Anthony Paut; Jul an Benoit; Augustus M. Martin; Benjamin Petit; Anthony Deydier; Julian Delaune; John Claude Francois, who celebrated mass for the first time in Indianapolis, in 1840, and went as a missionary to the Catholics around Logansport; Michael E. Shawe, one of the most eloquent pulpit orators of the time; John A. Vabret; Conrad Schneiderjans; Francis Masquelet ; Joseph Kundeck; John J. Corbe; John B. Chasse; Roman Wein- zoepfel; Maurice de St. Palais, who subsequently became bishop of the diocese; Hypolite Dupontavice; Francis Fisher; Ernest Audran, who was ordained in St. Francis Xavier, April 26, 1846, became its pastor, and so continued until 1868, when he was trans- ferred to St. Augustin's church at Jeffersonville, where he has remained to the present; John Gueguen; Bede O'Conner; John Contin; H. Peythieu, from 1879 to his death, January 9, 1892; and Louis Gueguen, from November, 1890, to the present time. This historic church will ever remain a land-mark not only in the political history of Indiana, but also in the history of Catho- licity in the west. The mental eye will ever turn to it as the (469) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY mother church of the Wabash valley and of Indiana, whence ema- nated faith and light and at whose altar ministered men as true to church and country as those of any other state in our American Union. St. John the Baptist Church. — -In 1839 the German emigrants to this country began to locate in Vincennes. The most of them were Catholics, and first attended divine services in St. Francis Xavier's cathedral, as members of that congregation. In a few years they became so numerous that they were formed mto a sepa- rate congregation, and occupied the cathedral at 8 o'clock on Sun- days and holy days, but had no German priest. In 1846 Rev. Charles Oppermann came and ministered for them. In 1847 Rev. Conrad Schneiderjans was their pastor. They resided at the cathedral pastoral residence, and the congregation worshiped at the cathedral. In 1848 Rev. Nicholas Stauber became the pastor of the German congregation, and also resided at the cathedral pas- toral residence. But a beautiful square was purchased, upon which he erected a portion of the present St. John's church, which is a brick building, 80x40 feet. He was succeeded by Rev. Leon- ard Brandt, who remained until 1856; Rev. William Engeln then came and remained until 1863. He was succeeded by Rev. yf^gidius J. Merz, who took charge in September of the same year. The German congregation of St. John's was then very large and increasing, and the church was soon found to be too small to accommodate it. In the fall of 1866 Father Merz began enlarging the church by making an addition, so as to make the building in the form of a cross. This addition more than doubled the seating capacity of the church and made it 154 feet long, and the transept eighty feet longer. And again, in 1891, an addition to the church was made in front and two lofty towers erected, making St. John's church one of the largest and finest in the state. The church square upon which the church is erected is one of the finest, if not the finest, church property in the state of Indiana. Father Merz died in March, 1896, and was succeeded by Rev. Meinrad Fleischmann, the present pastor. The congregation num- bers about 500 families and the large church-building is filled sev- (TtoT IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. eral times on Sundays and holy days. In addition to the church- building a very large and substantial brick building for the parochial school is erected, and this is attended by at least 200 pupils. There is also erected on the church square a very fine brick pastoral resi- dence. The church square rises some ten feet above the level of the sidewalk, and is surrounded on three sides by massive stone walls. Taken all in all, St. John's German church of Vincennes is one of the largest, richest and most flourishing congregations in the state of Indiana. WABASH, \VA15ASII COUNTY. St. Bernard's Parish, of Wabash, was first attended as a mis- sion by Rev. John Ryan and others from LaGro, Ind., until the fall of 1870, and then by Rev. F. C. Wiechmann, assistant at Peru, until 1871, when he became the first resident priest and remained until 1879, when he was succeeded by Rev. M. M. Hal- linan, D. D., who officiated until December, 1881, when Rev. John H. Bathe became the pastor and remained until May 16, 1898, when he was followed by the Very Rev. P. J. Crosson, the present incumbent. St. Bernard's church-building was begun under the adminis- tration of Father Ryan, was completed by Rev. B. Kroeger, and was dedicated by Bishop Luers. The building is of brick, is 33x60 feet, and has a seating capacity for 200 persons. The present attendance includes 120 families, mostly English-speaking, and the auditorium is consequently well filled during divine serv- ices. During Father Wiechmann's pastorate an effort was made to establish a school, but was not successful, and since then no vigorous endeavor has been made in that direction. The present value of the church property is estim^ated at $7,000, and the con- gregation is mostly composed of people who came here when the Wabash & Erie canal, and also the Wabash railroad, were in course of construction, or their descendants. WANATAH, LAPORTE COUNTY. The Church of the Most Precious Blood, at Wanatah, was organized in 1887 by Rev. Dominic Schunk, there being then in the parish about forty-five families, of German and Irish nationality. ~(471) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Father Schunk officiated until 1897, and during his stay erected a frame church-edifice, Sox 35 feet, with a seating capacity for about 300 souls, at a cost of $5,000. Rev. Dominic Schunk also built a commodious school, to which is connected a residence for Sisters and spacious room for boarders (boys and girls). The expenses incurred on the school and Sisters' residence amount to about $2,500. Persons wishing to place their children in said institution should communicate with the Sister Superior of the Precious Blood, Wanatah, Ind. The school was built in 1888, and in the same year Rev. Father Dominic Schunk built the parsonage at a cost of about $1,200. Rev. Dominic Schunk deserves credit for his untiring zeal, as do also the good peo- ple on account of their liberal contributions. Father Schunk, at the time of building in Wanatah, had charge of ten or eleven missions. This may give some idea of his indomitable courage. After February 7, 1897, Rev. Edward Jacob officiated at Wan- atah until September, when he was succeeded by Rev. Raymond Vernimont, C. PP. S., who also has charge of the mission of the Holy Cross, at Hamlet, in Starke county; the mission of St. Mar- tin, at LaCrosse, in Laporte county, and the mission of St. Pat- rick, at Walkerton, St. Joseph county. The church property comprises forty acres of land, which land was donated by a Mr. Tucker for the use of the church society and its orphans as well as for school purposes. The school is under charge of three Sisters of the Precious Blood, who give excellent instruction to twenty-four pupils. There are some debts yet rest- ing on this place; still, with the present good will of the people, hope can be entertained of soon wiping the debt out, although Father Edward, for his short stay at Wanatah, did remarkably well in putting accounts on a good financial basis. Father Verni- mont, the present pastor, has also been very active in this particu- lar, as well as in the performance of his spiritual duties. WARRICK COUNTY. St. John's Church. — The initiatory steps toward the erection of this church were taken in 1868 by a few German settlers in the western part of the county, who, previous to that time, attended (472r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. services at St. Patrick's church in Vanderburj^ county. The cor- ner-stone was laid by Rev. Charles Exel, of St. Wendel, Novem- ber 9, 1868, who also, on the completion of the building, dedicated it during the early part of 1869. From that time the congregation was attended successively by the above Rev. E.xel, Rev. Ferd Vief- haus and Rev. F. X. Girolt, from Evansville, until 1875, when it received its first resident pastor in the person of Rev. Ale.x Koesters. The most important event of the latter's administration was the organization of a school and of the building of a parsonage. Upon his appointment to another charge, during the latter portion of 1877, St. John's was administered to by Rev. John McCabe from February 17 to October 13, 1878, when the rector, Rev. Clement J. Conrad, took charge of the parish. He remained from October 13, 1878, to November 5, 1887; was succeeded by Rev. Theodore Mesher, from April 15, 1888, to July, 1888; then Rev. Charles Strieker came and remained from August 5, 1888, to June 15, 1890. During his residence in this parish he introduced the Benedictine Sisters and erected the first school-house in 1889, and also attended to outside mission work. Following Father Strieker came Rev. Edmond J. Schmitt, who remained from August 3, 1890, until February i, 1896. During his pastorate he erected the beau- tiful and imposing brick and stone church, which is a high model in architecture. It commands a splendid view of the surrounding country and it is a credit to the taste of the pastor and is the pride of the parishioners. The corner-stone was laid by Rev. Father Dickmann, of Evansville, December 19, 1894, and was dedicated, by Bishop Chatard, May 25, 1895. The number of families is about sixty-five. There are two Benedictine Sisters in charge of the school, which is under the direct guidance and care of the res- ident priest. The enrolment of pupils is about thirty-three. On account of failing health Father Schmitt was obliged to relinquish his work in the parish, and Rev. G. H. Moss assumed charge on Ash Monday, February 19, 1896, and is the present pastor. WASHINGTON, DAVIESS COUNTY. St. Simon's Church, Washington, is noted as one of the oldest, strongest and wealthiest Catholic organizations in the state. This A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY influential society had its inception near the beginning of the cen- tury, when, in the year 1819, a few Catholic families, who had settled in the vicinity, were visited by Bishop Flaget and united in a body for divine worship. The parish was sparse and scat- tered, and religious services intermittent and irregular. Ten years later, in 1829, the spiritual impulses of the scattered members of the Catholic society were accentuated and given a new vigor by the visit of Father John Abell, from the diocese of Bardstown, Ky., now Louisville, who, in June of that year, preached the jubi- lee in Washington. During this time and until 1837 the Catho- lics of this vicinity attended services at St. Peter's, Montgomery, Daviess county. In this latter year the little society was placed under the spiritual control of Rev. Simon P. Lalumiere, and the next year, 1838, a house of worship built. This old church was in constant use for nearly half a century and was torn down a few years ago to give place for the present magnificent church-edifice at Washington. The early years of this church were years of strug- gle. In 1840 twelve pews accommodated the worshipers. The growth of the church was slow but constant, and was swelled year by year by the addition of new families, until to-day the congre- gation of St. Simons numbers more than 300 families, among whom are many representatives of the wealth, culture and refine- ment of the city, and the church organization is not only very strong financially but is a power for good in the community, exerting a great and constantly increasing influence in the society of the city. Following faithfully in the footsteps of the pioneer missionary, Father Lalumiere, the following pastors have served this congrega- tion: Revs. Anthony Parrott, H. Dupontavice, John McDermott, P. Hyland, J. B. Chasse, John Gueguen, Hugo Peythieu and John W. Doyle. St. Simon's church is situated on the northwest corner of Hefron and Third streets, its main facade and entrance being on the former street. Near the front, on Third street, is a side entrance. In point of architecture the edifice is a pleasing com- bination of the Gothic and the Circle, the roof having the distinct- ive lines of the former and the windows and arches a graceful (474r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. blending of the two, constructed from plans b}- James J. Egan, of Chicago. The ground space of the church is 130 feet four inches by fifty-five feet ten inches. On the southeast corner is the mass- ive tower, with an elevation of 115 feet and surmounted by a golden cross. On the east side is the vestry, i8.\ 22 feet, and on the west the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary, i8x 34 feet. The sanctuary is 25 x 18 feet. The interior of the church presents a noble and harmonious appearance, and the plan is such as to create the impression of greater size than a view of the exterior would suggest. The first appearance upon entering is one of much effect- iveness, and the eye is charmed and soothed by the noble per- spective, which is beautifully strengthened and softened by the sub- dued light from the magnificent windows. The "harmonious effect of these windows is particularly striking, creating at once upon the beholder a feeling of proper reverence for the holy spot. The first windows noticeable upon entering the vestibule are dedi- cated to St. Joseph and the Blessed Virgin. On the right side of the hall the first window is a gift of Win. M. Hayes; second, memorial of Mrs. Anna Cabel; third, gift of James McMullen; fourth, gift of Alice Maher; fifth, gift of the sodality of the Blessed Virgin Mary; sixth, gift of Miss Alice Foster; seventh, gift of Mrs. Harriet Murphy; eighth, gift of Anna Donita Wells. Lighting the altar, and rendering especially conspicuous the rear of the church, is a magnificent window, /x 16 feet, the gift of Rev. Hugo Pey- thieu, a former pastor of St. Simon's. On the left, the windows are inscribed as follows: Jacob Zinkan, Hugh McKernan, Ernest A. Crosson, Altar society, memorial to Wni. McTegart, Sr. , memorial to William McTegart, Jr., St. Simon's T. A. society, William Brady. The tower windows were donated by M. F. Burke, Mrs. Thomas Dean, Thomas Dean, Michael Doyle, Mollie Flynn, Rev. Thos. McLaughlin, Rev. Patrick Rower, Joseph B. Graham, and Robt. C. Graham. Over the principal entrance are two large windows, memorials to the late James Campbell and Sarah Campbell. Father Doyle furnished the windows for the vestry and the chapel. St. Simon's church contains 160 pews and has a seating capac- ity of 700. The building was completed in 1886 at a cost of A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY $25,000. The dedicator}' services were presided over by Bishop Chatard and attended by clergy from all parts of the state, and instructive lectures were delivered by Chancellor Dennis O'Don- aghue and others. The parish owns considerable valuable prop- erty adjacent to the church, comprising the pastor's residence, the parochial school and the school of the Sisters of Providence. St. Mary's Church (or the German church of the Immaculate Conception), at Washington, dates its formation from about 1874. For several years prior to that year it had been evident that the German Catholics of the town required a church-building of their own, but it was not until the year named that active steps were taken for the erection of such an edifice. Forty German families then formed themselves into a congregation and raised a suitable structure of brick, at a cost of $13,000. The erection began in the spring, and, although unfinished, was used for divine service the following December. In January, 1872, the congregation was fully organized by the Rev. John P. Sassel, who also started a German school. He labored with heroic self-denial for the wel- fare of his little liock until his lamented death, August 10, 1879, and to his earnest work the church is indebted for its permanent prosperity. Father Sassel was succeeded by the Rev. L. M. S. Burk- hardt in September, 1879, and this worthy priest erected the school-building in 1 881, at a cost of $4,000, and a parsonage, in 1885-86, at a cost of $3,000. This building is of brick, is two stories high, and contains eight rooms. Father Burkhardt was followed, in October, 1889, by Rev. William Bultmann, in whose time the interior of the church was frescoed, and a new organ introduced. Father Bultmann e.xpired February 14, 1893, and April 3, of the same year, the present worthy incumbent. Rev. Francis Torbeck, was appointed to the pastorate. Father Tor- beck has also labored effectively for the good of the congregation, and has placed a furnace in the church and the parsonage, and inclosed the grounds with an iron-rail fence. He has also enlarged the school to three rooms, which are in charge of three Sisters of Providence, who give instruction to about 160 pupils. The con- (476r IN THK STATE or INDIANA. gregation of the church numbers at present about i6o families, and the church is practically out of debt. St. John's cemetery, one mile north of the city, is owned jointly by the congregations of St. Mary and St. Simon, comprises forty acres, ten of which were dedicated by Bishop Chatard Sep- tember 15, 1895, and is free from debt. WHITING, LAKE COUNTY, Sacred Heart Church. — The history of this congregation may be briefly narrated as follows: The first congregation of the Sa- cred Heart church at Whiting was gathered together by Father KroU, of Chestertown, Ind. , in the fall of 1890, and January 26th, 1 89 1, the present pastor, Rev. M. J. Byrne, arrived from the cur- acy of the cathedral at Fort Wayne to take charge of this scat- tered settlement; services were held every other Sunday at various places — at one time in the old school building in Oklahoma, at an- other in the only hall in Whiting, over Green's saloon. At that time there were only nineteen houses in the town. Property was secured in the little grove on Center street, then a picnic ground, for the erection of a church; this property was increased to the amount of 250 feet front, and, under the direction of Father Byrne, on March 19, 1891, ground was broken for the present edifice, which was completed for dedication on May 24th of the same year. The church committee consisted of Thomas Moylan, John Bucz- kowski and Matt Keirans. The day of dedication was one long to be remembered, as the great concourse of people attending from neighboring towns significantly testified. The church was ble sed by Vicar-General Brammer, of F'ort Wayne, and was given on that occasion the name of Sacred Heart. The membership of the church and its surroundings grew very rapidly under the able man- agement of Father Byrne. A set of new altars were at once added, a fine bell was procured and hung in the belfry and services were held there every Sunday. Orient hall was built as a place of convenience for the people to hold fairs, meetings and exercises in, and old settlers still well remember the enjoyment had at the first fair, at which was realized $2,600. 29 (477) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY The old hall was destroyed by fire April i, 1897, but a new- hall was immediately erected at a cost of $3,500. This building is of brick, and is two stories high — the second or upper floor con- stituting a hall, and the first or lower floor being divided into three rooms for school purposes, under the name of St. Michael's school. In 1894 the lots were graded and filled, an iron fencing was put in, sidewalks were laid and the pastoral residence was built. The congregation grew with the town in size and importance. The present number of families is i 10, the total number of souls 750. In his seven years' service Father Byrne has had seventy converts and 434 baptisms. St. Michael's school has an enrolment of 2 1 3 chil- dren under six Sisters of Providence. Six different church societies are thriving, and doing good both spiritually and charitably. The first child baptized in the new church was the little daughter of John Buczkowski, Helen Wanda. The first wedding was that of William Hoctor and Eliza McKeiver; the first funeral was that of Thomas O'Neil. The first choir was a children's choir — Mrs. John Neville organist; the choir afterward was given over to the young ladies, with Miss Kitty Garvin organist. Father Byrne, the first pastor, who is still with the congregation, having been foremost in every good work that has led to the upbuilding of the people and the church entrusted to his care. However, on June i, 1897, the parish was divided, the Slavs and Bohemians going to the new congregation, leaving the present membership of the Sacred Heart at iio families, with 213 school children and six teachers, as mentioned above. WINAMAC, PULASKI COUNTY. • St. Peter's Church, at Winamac, was erected in 1861, under the advice of Rev. Father Hamilton, of Logansport. Prior to that year, possibly as far back as 1850, mass had been said by vis- iting clergymen from Logansport at the home of Mark D. Falvey, whose family, together with three others — -those of James Mulva- ney, John Hoff, August Kratz and Michael Falvey, constituted the Catholic population of Winamac. About i860 Mark D. Falvey began soliciting funds with which to erect a Catholic church- building, and succeeded in collecting about $400 from the residents (478r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. of the place, the CathoHcs, of course, subscribing as Hberally as their means permitted. A trip up the railroad as far as LaCrosse, made by Rev. Hamilton and Mr. Falvey, resulted in securing $40 addi- tional. Two lots were then purchased and another was donated and a small frame church was erected. When services were first held in this modest frame structure, it was not plastered and the seats were simply boards or planks, but the congregation was out of debt, and as circumstances permitted the diminutive edifice was completed. No proper records of the work of the church were made until 1867, when Rev. Henricus Koenig was installed as pastor, and from that date forward full data of the affairs of the church have been placed on record. Father Koenig was succeeded by Rev. A. Reichert, and he in turn by Rev. T. Wittmer, who erected the school-building. In October, 1876, came Rev. Theobald Schoch, who was succeeded in December, 1880, by Rev. Christian Nigsch, under whose auspices was erected the present brick church, at a cost of $10,000 to $12,000, one fair alone, given for the purpose of raising funds in aid of this commendable project, realizing a net profit of $2,300. Rev. Kilian Schill followed Father Nigsch in December, 1885, and continued in charge until December, 1887, and he, in turn, was succeeded by Rev. Joseph O. Missler, and he by Rev. Joseph Uphaus in 1897. YAXKEETOWX, WARRICK COUNTY. St. Rupert's Parish was for some years in charge of the Bene- dictines of St. Meinrad, and the following roster, gleaned from the record of the parish, gives the succession of the pastors who attended: Revs. Henry Hug, 1864; Chrysostome Foffa. 1866; Fintan Mundwiler, from 1866 to May, 1867; Revs. Martin and Kintrup, a short time each, from 1868 to 1869; Rev. Henry Hug, again, from 1870 to 1871; Revs. Fred Mueller, 1871 to 1873; J. W. Book, 1874 to 1886, who made great improvements in the parish; next in charge were Revs. T. S. Mesker, 1886 to 1888; Geo. J. Loesch, 1888; Joseph Villinger, 1888; Mundwiler and J. M. Zogl- mann, 1888 to 1891; J. Hildebrand, 1891; Edwin J. P. Schmitt, 1892 to 1893; Charles J. Wagner, 1893 to the present time, 1898, "1479) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY The Rev. Henry Hug, O. S. B., the first visiting pastor to the thirteen Catholic famihes Hving in Yankeetown, said mass in 1864 in private houses, as opportunity offered. St. Rupert's church, 40 X 26 feet, a frame building, was erected in 1865, and was blessed by the Rev. Chrysostome Foffa, O. S. B., January 2, 1866. In 1880, the congregation having grown too large for the building, the church was considerably enlarged by Rev. J. W. Book, who then had charge of the mission. The families in the parish at present number thirty, or i 50 souls. The priest's home was erected in 1893 and the school was built in 1894 under Rev. Charles Wag- ner's administration, and the fair cash value of the Catholic prop- erty of St. Rupert's parish is placed at $4,000. The mission at Newburg is eight miles distant from St. Rupert's parish, and there Father Wagner has charge of twenty-five fam- ilies. The church property there is valued at $3,500. The Boon- ville mission has a membership of twelve families, and the value of the church property is placed at $7,000. The patron saint is St. Clements, while the patron saint of Newburg mission is St. John the Baptist. YORKVILLE, DEARBORN COUNTY. St. Martin's Parish. — The records of this parish date from 1852, and here Father Martin Stahl was the first pastor to admin- ister to the people. The first church, which is of brick, was erected in 1851 and is still in use. This parish was a mission of St. Paul's at New Alsace, Ind., and also of Dover. In 1853, Father Andrew Bennett acted as priest for a short time, and then Father Stapf came and officiated until 1854. From June, 1854, until August, 1856, the Rev. Jos. Neuber officiated; then Father A. Pinkers from August, 1856, to April 26, 1858. Father Henry Koering was pastor for a short time, or until July, 1858, and Father Weinzoepfel from August, 1858, to January, 1866; the next priest was Father Duddenhausen, from April, 1866, to September, 1870; the next attendant was Rev. Peter Siebmann, from October, 1870, to November 20, 1870, His successor was Rev, Victor Schnell, who remained from November 29, 1870, to March 25, 187 1; next came Rev. H. J. (480) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Seibertz, who built the present commodious school in 1872. (Father Benns, O. S. B., had charge during the summer of 1875, when Father Seibertz was in Europe.) Father Seibertz returned in November, 1875, and remained until June, 1877. Father Schoentrup was then in charge, but only for a short time. The next priest who had the care of the people was Rev. B. H. Brueggemann, of St. John's parish at Dover, who attended from September, 1877, to July, 1886. He was followed by the Rev. A. Daenhoffer, the first resident pastor, who remained till February, 20, 1892, and who erected the priest's home at a cost of $2,500, in 1888. Then came the present able priest. Rev. John H. Boer- sig, who has since had charge of the parish. (481) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER XIV. BISHOP BRUTE, THE FATHER OF FREE-SCHOOL EDUCATION IN INDIANA CATHOLIC EDUCATION AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS. THE honor and credit of inaugurating and establishing free- school education in Indiana belong to the Catholic church; and the church dignitary who was personally and zealously active in bringing it about was Rt. Rev. Wm. G. Brute, the first bishop of the old diocese of Vincennes. This great and good man, among the most discouraging sur- roundings, and against the opinion and advice of his co-religionists, and also against the expressed judgment of his non-Catholic neigh- bors and acquaintances, practically gave rise to the system by making, in 1834, the schools which he had just established at Vin- cennes free to all — whether Catholic or non-Catholic; absolutely free — without any reservation whatsoever. This start for free education was made, it should be remem- bered, more than twenty years before the present system of free public schools was established in Indiana. A bishop of the Catholic church in Indiana leading in a work of this character constitutes a picture strangely in contrast with the bold assumptions and false charges of some non-Catholic and sectarian writers and ministers, who declare that the Catholic church can not bear the light, and that therefore it is opposed to all education and enlightenment among the masses as dangerous to its schemes, to the success of which dense ignorance is a prime essential. Nothing could possibly be more unfounded or injurious than such false witness borne against an institution which alone has the credit of having kept burning throughout the long centuries of threatened barbaric ascendency the lamp of intellectual enlight- enment and christian culture. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. The work of educatinj^ and christianizing the masses, carried on by the Catholic church from its very beginning, is happily exemplified in this day by the attitude of Catholics, even in the state of Indiana. That religion and secular education may go hand in hand for the betterment of all, the Catholic people cheerfully sub- mit to being taxed for the maintenance of Catholic schools, while at the same time, in common with their non-Catholic fellow citi- zens, they contribute their quota to support the public schools, which they can not use, thereby being taxed double in support of a thing to which they are falsley accused of being in constant and bitter opposition. To thus pay a double tax for the supp)ort of education implies both a high sense of duty and a very keen appreciation of enlight- enment. It also tells of a moral obligation c nscientiously recognized and discharged by Catholics, which finds a counterpart in no other christian community. Millions upon millions of dollars would not be annually expended for Catholic education in the United States unless the consciences of the Catholic people were alive to the necessity for such education, looking as well to the eternal sal- vation of the youth as to maintaining respect for authority and law among the masses by the enlightenment of the conscience through proper religious instruction imparted to the children in the schools. It is the one ugly stain upon the page of American history — the crime of man against man — that the injustice of doubly taxing Catholics — taxing them for something they can not use — is not wiped out, is not righted, and righted at once, by the American people. In Canada, on our northern border, there is a j^eople the rul- ing majority of whom, from the standpoints of government and adopted laws, might be said to inherit more directly than do the people of the United States the spirit of religious persecution and proscription; yet the manner of control and management of the public-school system of that country is so considerate and fair to all classes and creeds, and so much on that account to be pre- ferred before ours, that the wonder is we have not long since, in a spirit of fairness, adopted it. "(483) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY One of the leading features of Canadian laws touching the expenditure of the money collected by taxation for school purposes is, that each body of Christians is entitled to and receives its pro- portionate share of said money, while the general government, in taking care that this money is properly expended, requires only that obedience to reasonable regulations be rendered, and certain fixed educational standards be maintained and attained to. These things fulfilled, each form of religion is free to be taught in the schools, subject only to the choice of the people adhering to it. In Canada, therefore, the Catholic people are not deprived of the benefits of state aid in matters of education, nor are they placed in the false and unjust position of being antagonistic to general education. These things being so, a better feeling obtains among all classes there, since, on this question, considerably vexed among us in the States, there is no discrimination in favor of or against any class or sect. Neither in this country, in Canada, nor in any other country in the world, are Catholics in favor of ignorance and opposed to enlightenment. No man will assert the contrary who cares any- thing for his standing, or who has any character to jeopardize by such rashness. Those only who are victims of an inherited preju- dice and who care little for the truth, will be guilty of thus bearing false witness against their neighbors and against the Catholic church, to which the world owes so much. In the language of an Indiana priest. Catholics are not opposed to universal education or to taxation for schools, or to compulsory education, or to methods and contrivances of whatever kind by which knowledge and enlightenment may be diffused through the masses of the people. In this direction Catholics are willing and anxious to go as far as others, but they, moreover, believe and hold religious knowledge to be the primal and most essential ele- ment of true human culture, and, consequently, that it should form the basis of instruction and discipline in the school, as in the fam- ily and the church. The work of molding and developing human character is difficult enough when these three centers of influence are in harmony and co-operation; but to bring them into antago- nism is to undermine the work of each. IN THK STATE OF INDIANA. The piireh' secular character of the public schools is the result of circuiTJstances, and not of a deliberate purpose; and its justifica- tion is sought for on the grounds of expediency and not in principle. But this does not affect the necessary tendency of such education to produce religious indifference and, consecjuently, destroy the power and vital influence of religion. A calm and dispassionate view of the state of religion in this country, and of the causes by which it has been brought about, is, of itself, enough to convince an unprejudiced inquirer that this assertion rests upon a solid basis of fact. Hence the reasons for the existence of parochial schools may be briefly summed up as follows: Education is the cultivation of the heart as well as of the intellect. Therefore, mere instruction in branches of knowledge cannot be called education, unless it be interwoven with religious teaching. Consequently, Catholic chil- dren cannot be thoroughly educated unless they frequent Catholic schools, where, by breathing a Catholic atmosphere, under Catholic teachers, with Catholic companions, and by exclusively Catholic training, they are prepared to encounter the dangers of the world into which they will eventually be thrown, and fitted to merit the rewards of the world to come. In the Catholic schools of Indiana there is, according to figures given in the authorized almanacs for 1898, an average daily attend- ance of 25, 134 pupils. These figures, for reasons purely local and parochial, are not only very conservative, but actually low. A more correct estimate would be arrived at by the addition of at least one-third, making the total number of children attending the Catholic schools of Indiana just 33,512. The cost of educating these 33,512 children, not including the large outlay for school- buildings, is quite an expense to Catholics, since they assume it in addition to the payment of their regularly assessed taxes for the sup- port of the public schools of the state. A low estimate of the annual expense for educating public-school pupils is $14 per capita. At this rate the additional burden which Catholics in Indiana are annu- ally called upon to carry for the education of their children is the large sum of $469, 168. This sum, necessary for the education of the 33,512 children, if drawn from the public-school funds, which ^485) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of necessity would be the case were there no Catholic schools, would shift the burden upon the shoulders of the general tax -payers. In consequence there would be a small-sized rebellion among thetn, since, even as things stand now, there is no little grumbling that such large amounts are demanded and spent in support of the state schools. And yet the majority of non-Catholics are opposed to the existence of Catholic parochial schools, unmindful of the fact that, under the present unjust arrangements, these schools are a great saving to the general tax-payers, while they at the same time are the great conservators of good morals and the inculcators of unquestioned respect for authority and law. The saving of the mere cost of educating these children, the sum of $469, 168, is not all the saving by any means. The tax-payers are saved the great expense of building and maintaining schools to accommodate these 33,512 children, which would run away up into the millions of dol- lars, if we make the estimate on the basis of the cost of the public- school buildings in cities. Whether it be on considerations of this kind, or on the higher grounds of principle and love for pure religion and good morals, it is but the truth to admit and aver that a very respectable minority of non-Catholics are not opposed to the existence of Catholic parochial schools, or to the principles and aims of Catholic educa- tion. On the contrary, they favor the system and they recognize the necessity for its existence if the youth of the land are to be properly equipped to fight the battles of life from the standpoints of Christianity and good citizenship. The thoughtful and fair-minded among the general public have long since recognized the great benefits derived from education conducted according to Catholic methods. Hence the large num- ber of non-Catholic pupils who attend Catholic academies, col- leges and universities. The young lady who nowadays can not refer to her training as evidenced by her diploma from this or that convent is at a decided disadvantage. Her character and stand- ing are surely not heightened by the absence of such diploma. Good habits, good morals, a sense of the importance of pure religion, if not of the gift of true faith and the highest intellectual (486r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. training and culture, arc undoubtedly among the very important considerations which induce parents, not wholly consumed by prejudice (ignorance), to send their children to Catholic educational institutions. As the object aimed at in this chapter is mainly to give some facts touching Catholic parochial schools in the state of Indiana, the following reference to parishes supporting schools, by whom taught, and the estimated number of pupils attencling (1898), although incomplete, will be to the point and of interest: ACADEMY p. O. , ALLEX COUNTY. St. Vincent de Paul's school, Academy P. O., Allen county, Ind. — This school, erected by the Sisters of the Holy Cross, is a one-story brick structure, 30x16 feet, and is si.xteen feet high. It is situated near the Auburn road, eighty rods east of the church. It has one class room with a present attendance of eighty children. Some of these children live a distance of over three miles from the school. One Sister of the Holy Cross is in charge of the school, which is free to all children of the parish; the only expense connected with heir attendance is the obligation to sup- ply fuel during the winter. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. A. E. Lafontaine. ALEXANDRIA, MADISON COUNTY. St. Mary's School. — Here the present rector. Rev. Joachim Baker, in 1896, erected a substantial brick structure, 45 x 65. The same is a two-story building, with basement, and is a combination of church, school and Sisters' residence. The school, under the direction of Sister M. Jovita of the order of the School Sisters de Notre Dame, of Milwaukee, was opened in September, 1897. The children are taught in two rooms on the first floor, which have all modern improvements and are well-lighted, heated and ventilated. This building was erected at a cost of $8,500. It is conducted as a free school, the salary of the teachers being paid from the church funds. As all beginnings are hard, thus also here. The energy of priest and Sisters will soon demonstrate to the parents the benefits A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of a true Christian education. The hope is expressed that par- ents will not only allow girls, but also the boys, to complete their course of studies, so that the 157 pupils may soon increase to double the number and that the boys who need education so much in our days may not be denied by avaricious parents what they need to fit them for time and eternity. ANDERSON, MADISON COUNTY. St. Mary's School. — The buildings now occupied for school purposes in St. Mary's parish are merely temporary. The original frame school-house was removed to give place for the new church; in 1876 the old church was converted into a school, and this, in turn, will be removed before long to give place to a new school- house. The two frame structures now in use as schools contain four class-rooms and can accommodate 300 children. The present enrolment is 266 pupils. During the first year of its existence, the school was taught by lay teachers; but in 1877 the Sisters of the Holy Cross assumed control of it, and under their management it has developed from a single class-room into a flourishing school of four rooms, employ- ing four teachers. The average annual expense for maintaining the school is $850, which amotmt is taken from the funds of the congregation, the school being free. The average expense for each pupil is $4.75. The reverend director of the school is Rev. D. J. Mulcahy. ARCOLA, ALLEN COUNTY. St. Patrick's School, Areola, Allen county, was erected in 1883 by Rev. Father Hartman at a cost of $1,560. It is a one- story brick structure, 40 x 30 feet, located twenty feet west of the church with a main entrance on the north side. It contains one school-room, which has a seating capacity for forty children, and was occupied in 1883, Miss Wolford acting as teacher. It is now taught by three Sisters of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ, who have sixty-six pupils in charge. The value of the school ground is $ioo and that of the school-house $1,560. Rev. R. J. Pratt is the present pastor of Areola. (488) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. ATTICA, I'OUNTAIN COUNTY St. Francis' School. — This school, under the direction of Rev. Chas. Lemper, is taught by the Sisters of St. Francis of joliet. The school numbers hfty-three pupils. It is supported partly by monthly dues and partly from the church funds. Since 1887, the last report, improvements have been made in the playgrounds and in the interior of the building, so that comfort and health of teach- ers and pupils are well provided for. The consistent and system- atic training daily given has proved a blessing to the parents and children of Attica. AVILLA, NOBLE COUNTY. St. Augustine's School. — In i860 Rev. H. Schaefer, the first resident priest in Avilla, put up a little frame school-house, at a cost of $200, and later built a school-house, 16 x 20 feet, ceiling seven feet high, and in 1868 an addition of fourteen feet was built to the school. The first teacher was a Mr. Lette, who was succeeded by Miss Christina Romarque, and she, in turn, by H. Buscher, John Everharde, E. Spoth and August Vogeding, and then was placed in the hands of the Poor Handmaids of Christ. At present the en- rolment is 133 children, taught by the Sistersof St. Francis. The present two-story brick school-house, 28 x 58 feet, erected in 1878, by Rev. D. Duehmig, at a cost of $3,000, contains three school- rooms and has a seating capacity for 150 children. The average annual outlay for the school, including salary of teachers, is $550, which amount is derived from monthly membership fees of St. Joseph's School society, supplemented by funds of church. The school is free to all children of the parish, many of whom attend it from a distance of three, four and five miles. The average ex- pense per pupil is about $5. The present value of the school ground is $300, and of the building $3,600. One-fourth part of the school-building is reserved for dwelling apartments of the Sisters. Rev. D. Duehmig, who has had charge of St. Mary's congregation since May 12, 1867, is the present reverend director of the school. (489j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY BLUFFTON, WELLS COUNTY. St. Joseph's School. — The property on which this school-house stands was purchased, in 1881, by Rev. F. Koerdt, and consists of two lots, with a frontage of i 16 feet and a depth of 167 feet. The building is a one-story frame structure, 18 x 20 feet, was erected at a cost of about $350, and was originally used as a private residence. The school was first opened in the church and taught there for a few months, the chief object being to prepare fifteen children for first holy communion. From July, 1881, to July, 1883, it con- tinued to be taught by the first teacher employed. Miss Philomena Wolford — at present Sister M. Joseph, of St. Agnes convent, Fond du Lac, Wis. The enrolment of pupils was twenty-two — eleven boys and eleven girls. The number of pupils was small, while the cost for each was about $10 a year, an expense too great for the ten families comprising the parish to defray; hence, the school was discontinued in 1883. At present Bluffton is a mission, attended once a month from Sheldon. The entire property is free from debt. The present value of the school-ground is $1,750, and of the school-house, with its appurtenances, $2,000. CEDAR LAKE, LAKE COUNTY. This is a " district " school, but as only Catholic children .attend and only Catholic teachers are employed, instruction in catechism and Bible history is given daily by the teacher and until now the pastor has found no difficulty in giving instruction in relig- ion. There are two school-rooms, but, as only one is occupied, it is a convenient matter to assemble children for religious instruc- tion. The pastor has the say in the selection of teacher. He says: •' Should this with the privilege of Christian instruction be denied I will start a parochial school." The word, phonic, top- ical and inductive methods are employed. The school numbers thirty-three boys and twenty-three girls. CHESTERTON, PORTER COUNTY. St. Patrick's School is a one-story brick structure, 52 x 26 feet. It was built in 1888, by Rev. H. F. J. KroU, at a cost of (490P IN THK STATE OF INDIANA. about .i^6oo, and contains two school-rooms, which have a seating,' capacity for 120 children. At present, however, but one school- room is in use, as the number of children in attendance does not exceed eighty-three. This school has always been taught by secular teachers, the first being Patrick Frawley. The average annual expenditure for the school, including the teacher's salary, is $500, paid from pew rent, and the average annual cost per pupil is about $7.93. The present value of the ground used for school purposes is $1,000, and of the building, with appurtenances, $1,000. A new building, however, is now in process of construc- tion, to cost $3,125, under the direction of I^ev. Frederick Von Schwedler, the present rector. COLUMBIA CITY, WHITLEY COUNTY. St. Joseph's School. — In 1866, the first Catholic school was erected in Columbia City, by the Rev. H. V. Schaefer, at a cost of $1,000. The present two-story brick structure, trimmed with Bedford stone, was put up in 1887 by the present zealous pastor. Rev. A. M. Ellering. It is 32 x 54 feet, main building, with a wing of 20x30 feet, and contains two class-rooms on the first floor and a sodality or school-hall on the second floor, running the full length of the building. At present eighty pupils answer to the daily roll call and are taught by two Sisters of St. Agnes, whose mother-house is in Fond du Lac, Wis. Religieuse of this order have been in charge of the school since 1879, the first teachers having been Sister Alexia and Sister Claudine. The estimated annual expense of the school, includingthe salary of the teachers, is about $500. The annual aver- age expense for each pupil is from five to seven dollars. The income propsr. for the support of the school, consists of a tuition fee from the children whose parents can afford to pay fifty cents or $1.00 per month; but, as many of the parents are too poor to pay even this small amount, the present pastor pays one-half the salary of the teachers from his own scanty means. The value of the school ground is $2,000, that of the school-house, with its furniture, is $6, 500; and the original cost of erecting the teachers' dwelling A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY was $ 1,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. A. M. Ellering. CRAWFOKUSVILLE, MONTGOMERY COUNTY. St. Bernard's School. — In 1863 this two-story structure was erected, at a cost of $5,000, and placed in charge of Sisters of the Holy Cross. It contains three class-rooms, and has seating capacity for 150 pupils. At present 121 pupils are in regular attendance, and are taught by three Sisters of the Holy Cross order. The amount required by the Sisters to defray the expenses of the school is derived from a monthly tuition fee of $1.00, paid by each child whose parents can afford the contribution. Chil- dren of poor parents have all the advantages of the school free of charge. The average annual expense for each pupil is $7. 50. The present value of the school grounds is $5,500, and the estimated value of the school-building and its appurtenances is $8,000. Very Rev. John Dempsey is director of the school. CROWN POINT, LAKE COUNTY. St. Mary's School. — ^The first school in Crown Point was a one-story frame building, put up by Rev. H. Meissner, in 1875, at a cost of $1,000. The first teacher employed was Ad. Ger- lach. Later the school passed into the hands of two Sisters of St. Agnes, from Fond du Lac, Wis. In 1890, after the completion of the present church, the old one was remodeled into a school-house of two rooms, to which two rooms have since been added, and the attendance is now 130 children, under the supervision of four Sis- ters of St. Agnes. The annual outlay for preserving the building in order and for defraying the salary of teachers is $550, which amount is derived from tuition fees of fifty cents a month from pupils who are able to pay, supplemented by funds from the church. The present value of the school ground, including play ground, is $600. The value of the school-house with appur- tenances is about $2,000, and the value of the Sister's dwelling, erected by the congregation, is $1,000. The average annual expense for each pupil is about $6.95. The present reverend director is Rev. Philip Guethof^. (492r IN THE STATK OF INDIANA. DKCATUR, ADAMS COUNTY. St. Joseph's School is attached to St. Mary's church, and was first opened in a small frame building, erected for the purpose by Rev. Jacob Meyer, in 1858. It contained but one room, which, at that date, was sufficient school accommodation for the number of Catholic children in Decatur. In 1880 this frame structure was replaced by the present two- story brick-building, 60x46 feet, at a cost of $5,600. It is situ- ated twenty feet west of the church, on the corner of Madison and Fifth streets, with its main entrance on the east side. This school- house contains four cheerful, well-ventilated class-rooms, fully supplied with all school necessaries. Many of the children live in the surrounding country at a distance of from one to five miles from the school. Four Sisters of St. Agnes, from Fond du Lac, Wis., took charge of the school in 1880, upon the completion of the new building, and it is now under the care and able management of eight of these Sisters. The present value of the school ground, including a spacious play-ground, is $2,000, and the value of the school-building, with its appurtenances, is $6,700. The present director of the school is Rev. H. Theo. Wilken, who, in 1893, added a new school-building, with two rooms, and the present attendance is 333 pupils. DELPHI, CARROLL COUNTY. St. Joseph's School. — The first Catholic school in Delphi was erected, in 1863, by Very Rev. A. B. Oechtering, at a cost of $800. It is a one-story brick structure, 45^35 feet, and contains two school-rooms. The first teacher employed in the building was Mr. Sullivan, who was succeeded by Mrs. Wilson. In 1876, upon the invitation of Rev. John Bleckmann, who had succeeded to the pas- torate of St. Joseph's church, three Sisters of Providence assumed charge of the school. In addition to the fitting up of the school Father Bleckmann rented and furnished a house for the teachers. A few years later the " Daly " property was purchased, and then a senior department for girls was opened in the Sisters' dwelling- house. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY When Rev. H. A. Boeckelmann took charge of the parish in 1885 he sold the Daly property and bought property next to the school, on which stands a frame building. 47x27 feet. The senior class of girls was removed to this building, which also contains the dwelling apartments of the Sisters. The three school-rooms now in use have a seating capacity for 124 children, with an attendance of 117, under four Sisters. The average annual expense for repairs, fuel, etc., is about $80, which amount is paid from church funds. The money required for the maintenance of the teachers is derived from tuition fees of fifty cents or seventy-five cents a month from children who are able to pay. The average annual expense per pupil is $5. The value of the combined lots now used for school purposes is $3,300, and the value of the buildings is about $4,700. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. C. M. Romer. DUNNINGTON, BENTON COUNTY. St. Mary's School, at Dunnington, is taught by the Franciscan Sisters, of LaFayette, and has an attendance of 147 pupils. The school is free, the salary of the teachers being paid from the church funds. In this rural district the pastor and Sisters labor hard to give the dear little ones that elevation of the intelligence and heart which is given to the more favored children of larger cities. And here also has it been well understood that the character of the instruction given in the school will largely shape the condition and needs and aspirations, both spiritual and temporal, of the com- munity. DYER, LAKE COUNTY. This is one of the favored district schools in which only Cath- olic children attend and Catholic teachers are employed, and salaries are paid from the public-school fund of Lake county. The chil- dren attend daily mass and the pastor is at perfect liberty to teach catechism and Bible history. Still both pastor and people regret very much that present circumstances do not justify the starting of a parochial school. The school is taught by a Franciscan Sister, (494) IN THE STAT1-: Ol' INDIANA. and a male lay teacher who has charge of the higher grades. The school numbers eight}' attendants. KAKl. PARK, I'.ENTON COUNTY. St. Anthony's School is a one-story frame house, built in 1869, by Michael Sickel, at a cost of $400. The first teacher employed was Joseph Riesel, who was succeeded by Miss Carrie Dehner, Joseph Dehner, Henry Boers, Miss Susan Theno and seven other teachers, the present one being Miss Maggie Higgins. In 1873 Anthony Dehner, the oldest settler and the pioneer of this section, built to the school-house an addition of twenty feet, thus increas- ing its dimensions to 24 x 48 feet, not including a hall, 8x10 feet, used for the childrens wraps. The present enrolment is twenty- eight boys and thirty-seven girls. The average annual outlay for the school is $500, most of which amount is paid by the state, the school being a district school, free to all who attend. During the summer a special term is held and pupils attending it are charged $1 per month. The average expense of the school, per pupil, is $16. The present value of the school ground is $100 and of the school-building, with appurtenances, about $700. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. P. J. Weber. EGE, NOHLE COUNTY. St. Mary's School. — The little frame building that served as the first Catholic school in Ege owes its origin to Mr. Girardot, a pious pioneer settler, who, in 1863, built it to serve as a church for the few Catholics then living in the vicinity. Ege at that date was a mission which was visited at stated times by the Rev. Father Shaefer. In 1875 it became necessary to build a larger church to accommodate the increased number of Catholics in the settlement; then the little frame church was converted into a home for the first resident priest, Rev. F. X. Ege. In 1883 this worthy priest opened a school, and for this end he gave one room of his own residence to be used as a school- room until the congregation should be able to build a school-house. In February, 1886, this building was destroyed by fire, but the A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY school was not interrupted, for an adjacent store was at once rented and in it school was continued until December of the same year, when the present fine school-house was ready for occupancy. This building is a two-story brick, 40 x 30 feet, and contains two class-rooms, each having a seating capacity for seventy children. At present, however, one room supplies all the school accommo- dation required, and forty-five pupils are taught by two Sisters of St. Francis. The average annual outlay for the support of the school is about $210, derived from pew rent, as the school is free to all the children of the parish. The annual expense per pupil is $3.23. At present the value of the school ground, including four acres surrounding the building, is $100. The value of the school- building and the Sisters' residence, which is attached, is about $2,400. Rev. F. Faust is the present reverend director of the school. ELKHART, ELKHART COUNTY. St. Vincent's School, at Elkhart, Ind., consists of one brick building, 28x71 feet, and a frame, 25x33 feet. The former was originally used as a church; but in 1888, upon the completion of the new church, it was remodeled into a school and the frame building was erected to furnish further accommodations for the pupils. These tv;o buildings, each one-story in height, gi\"e four school-rooms, with a seating capacity for 177 children. The original cost of the brick structure was $2,400, and of the frame structure $500. The first school-house in the parish owes its beginning to Very Rev. A. B. Oechtering, who, in 1881, changed the old church into school-rooms, at a cost of $1,800. The school from its founda- tion has been in charge of Sisters of the Holy Cross. At present there are three of these Sisters engaged in the class-rooms and the attendance at the school numbers sixty-nine boys and sixty-four girls. The present value of the school ground is $5,000, and the school and its appurtenances $3,000, and of the teachers' resi- dence, $1,800. The revenue for the support of the school is derived from tuition fees paid by the pupils and about one-half from the church funds. The average rnnual expense for each (490) w < < 2 H (/) D O D < H C/3 Q 2 O IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. pupil is $7.50. The present reverend director is Rev. Henry A. Boeckelmann. ELWOOI), MADISON COUNTY. St. Joseph's School was erected in 1892, by Rev. B. Hiegel, at a cost of $600. It is a one-room, frame structure, 26 x 36 feet, and has a seating capacity for 100, but as the present attendance, 223 pupils, overcrowds the room, the intention of the reverend pastor is to convert the old church into a school-house as soon as a new church can be erected. Owing to this want of school room, children are obliged to leave the school when they have made their first holy communion, a fact greatly to be regretted. The present teachers are three Sisters of St. Joseph. The annual out- lay for the school, including the teachers' salary, is $350, which amount is derived from tuition fees, of fifty cents, $1.25 and $1.50 from each family, according to the number of children edu- cated from it. The average annual expense per pupil is $3.10. The present value of the school ground, including play-ground, is $500, and of the school-building with its appurtenances, $700. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. B. Biegel. FORT WAYNE, ALLEN COUNTY. St. Augustine's School for Girls, Fort Wayne, was opened in 1845 on the very site which it occupies at the present day, forty- five feet north of the cathedral. It is the oldest parochial school in the diocese of Fort Wayne and owes its origin to the zealous missionary, Mgr. J. Benoit, late vicar-general of the diocese. As early as 1844 the first Catholic school was built in Fort Wayne by Contractor John Burt, who received in exchange three acres of land north of the present city, from Rev. S. T. Badin. In the year following Mgr. Benoit, then resident priest in Fort Wayne, with a parish extending into several of the surrounding counties, invited the Sisters of Providence of St. Mary's of the Woods to take control of the school. In the fall of that year the school opened with Sisters M. Magdalen, Caroline and Catherine as teachers. The first school-house was what is now the central part of the convent, fronting Calhoun street. In it the Sisters taught during 1499) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY five years; but long before that time had elapsed the rooms were overcrowded. In 1850 a one-story brick school-house, containing three rooms, was built a few rods to the east on Jefferson street. This served as an English and German school for girls until 1853, when the German children were removed to their own school on Lafayette street. Even after their departure, the school-house was too small to accommodate the number of English-speaking children that sought instruction in St. Augustine's school, so that the build- ing was torn down in 1867 to give r om for a wing that was added to the main building, at a cost of over $18,000. This wing, still in use, is more than three stories high and consists of six rooms and a basement. In 1883, more room being needed, another wing was built south of the main building, running east, at a cost of nearly $20,000. This second addition completed the accommodations required in the school, which can now comfortably seat 350 chil- dren. It contains the high-school class-rooms, art and music departments, and apartments for boarding pupils. The course of study pursued give a thorough English education, and is combined with a commercial course for girls who wish to prepare themselves for active work as amanuenses or bookkeepers. The present enrolment of pupils is 370. Eighteen Sisters are employed as teachers in all departments. The annual average outlay for keep- ing the premises in order is about $300. This amount, and that which is required for the maintenance of the teachers, is derived from tuition fees paid by the pupils who can afford to contribute. The charges vary from twenty-five cents to $2 a month, according to the grade in which tne pupil is. The average expense per pupil is about $5 a year. The present value of the school ground, incl .ding the large play-ground, is about $75,000. The value of the building, which has a frontage of eighty-six feet with two extensions, each 112x30 feet, is $65,000, including its appurte- nances. The present reverend direc or of the school is Rev. Fred Dandurand. The Cathedral School for Boys. Fort Wayne, Allen county, Ind., dates its origin back to 1848, when Right Rev. Mgr. J. Benoit IN THE STATE Ol- INDIANA. opened a school for boys in a frame building, erected at a cost of several thousand dollars, and A. Walters was placed in charge. In 1858 three Brothers of the Holy Cross assumed control of the school and taught in the frame building until 1862, when the new brick school-house was ready for occupancy. This edifice was erected also by Father Benoit. The original cost of this structure, including the ground upon which it stands, was $10,000. It is a solid brick building, 45x60 feet, and contains seven school-rooms, which afford a total seating capacity for 375 boys, but at present 245 only attend, under the control of seven Brothers of the Holy Cross. In 1884 the course of studies hitherto pursued in the school was extended to embrace a commercial department, in which is given a thorough training in bookkeeping, phonography and type- writing. From this department were graduated many of the most successful business men of Fort Wayne. The average annual out- lay for the support of this school is $2, 500, which amount is derived from tuition fees varying from seventy-five cents to $2 a month and from the revenue of the church. The average annual expense per pupil is about $7. 50. The present value of the corner on which the school stands is $30,000, and the value of the school-building with its appurtenances is about $50,000. The house occupied by the Brothers, which also belongs to the congregation, is worth about $3,000. Rev. John Durham is the present reverend director of the school. St. Mary's School. — The first school in St. Mary's parish. Fort Wayne, was a small frame building erected in 1853, by Rev. E. Faller, at a cost of $400, on the very site which St. Mary's church now occupies. It was destined as a school for the boys of the parish, and served this purpose until 1862, when the present boys' school was built at a cost of $ro,ooo. This school has a frontage on Lafayette street of seventy feet, and a depth of forty feet along Jefferson street. It is a two-story brick structure, con- taining three school-rooms on the first floor, and a hall 70 x 40 feet on the second floor. The first teachers of the boys' school were Mr. Ohnhaus and Mr. Geiger. In the year that saw the opening of the boys' school the girls A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of the parish, who had been attending St. Augustine's since 1845, were removed to their own school in the brick building on Lafay- ette street. This structure served the double purpose of church and the lower floor as a girls' school and Sisters' house. The pos- sible cost of this building was $3,000. The first teachers in the girls' school were three Sisters of Providence. In 1859, upon the completion of the new church, the whole building was changed into a school-house, and in 1878 an addition was made to it; but in 1 89 1 the entire edifice was torn down to make room for the present m.agnificent school-house and convent erected by Rev. J. H. Oechtering at a cost of $20,000. In August, 1865, the management of the girls' school passed into the hands of three School Sisters of Notre Dame, from Mil- waukee. In 1879 a fourth Sister took charge of the smallest boys, and in 1 880 two more sisters came to teach the intermediate classes of boys. At present nine of these religiouses are engaged in the schools. The total enrolment of pupils is 521; of this number 283 are boys. The new school-house, finished in 1891, fronts Lafayette street, and measures 75.x 65 feet, with a convent at- tached, 55x40 feet. This building contains five large school- rooms. It is admirably planned as to ventilation, heating and con- venience, is elegantly finished and so complete in its arrangements that it lacks nothing that a perfectly equipped school needs for its classes. The play grounds are spacious and sufficiently retired from the street to permit such games as promote healthful action of mind and body. Most of the children attending school live in the immediate vicinity, but a few come from a distance of two miles. After first holy communion an average of twenty of the first communicants continue in school. The annual outlay for the school is $1,900, which amount is derived from three sources — $1,500 from the School society, $200 tuition fees from children whose parents are not members of the society, and the balance from church funds. The average annual expense for each pupil is about $4. The present value of the ground used for school purposes is $17,000; the combined value of the school-buildings, with their (502) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. furniture, is $2 1,000, and the value of the Sisters' dwelling is $10,- 500. The present director is Rev. J. H. Oechtering. St. Patrick's School. — The first school established in St. Patrick's parish, Fort Wayne, was opened by two Sisters of Prov- idence, in 1886, on South Calhoun street, in the Bond building, rented for that purpose by Very Rev. J. H. Brammer, V. G. The opening enrolment was seventy boys and twenty girls, but before three years had elapsed it was necessary to seek a larger building for the accommodation of the greatly increased number of pupils attending the school. To meet this demand a two-story frame building, on Fairfield avenue, was purchased, in 1888, by Rev. T. M. O'Leary, then director, and remodeled into a school-house consisting of four school-rooms, two for boys and two for girls. Here the school was taught until 1891, when it was removed to the present handsome school-house, on the corner of DeWald and Webster streets. This building was erected by the present pastor of St. Patrick's congregation. Rev. J. F. Delaney, at a cost of $12,000. It is a brick structure, with Sisters' dwelling annexed, and is located eighty feet west of the church to the rear. It is 80x60 feet fronting W'ebster street, is two and one-half stories high, and contains eight class-rooms, four on each floor, with a seating capacity of 480 children. The building is thoroughly ventilated and well-lighted, while the school-rooms are provided with everything necessary for the use of teachers and pupils. The present enrolment is 440, of whom 226 are boys. At present there are eleven teachers, Sisters of Providence, whose salary is dependent upon what they collect from the pupils. The tuition fees are seventy-five cents a month from those who are able to pay. Poor children are received free of charge. The expense incurred for keeping the building in repair, fuel and water supply, is defrayed by the congregation. The estimated expenditure of the school, including what may be termed the teachers' salaries, is $2,500 a year. The present value of the school ground, including play-ground, is $8,000. The value of the school-building, with appurtenances, is $13,000, and the value of the teachers' residence, erected by the congregation, is A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY $4,000. The school is considered the finest in the city, being handsomely frescoed and in everyway convenient, and the sanitary condition perfect. St. Paul's School. — This school was established in 1866 under the direction of Rev. E. Koenig, in a small frame building near the site of the present school-house. The first enrolment of pupils was fiftv-six, but the number increased from month to month, and it became necessary, in 1868, to build a new school- house. This two-story brick building, situated on the corner of Washington and Griffith streets, gave two large rooms, which with another room provided by the old parochial residence in 1880 accommodated the pupils until 1886, when the old church was remodeled into a school-house of two rooms. At present these two buildings are in use for school purposes and have a total seat- ing capacity for 250 children. The brick building is 40x50 feet, and the frame structure is 75 x 37 feet. Both buildings front on Griffith street; they are cheerful, well ventilated, and amply fur- nished with everything that is necessary for a good school. While a f w of the pupils attend from a distance of three miles in the country, most of them live in the vicinity, and remain in school after first holy communion until the close of that term. At present i 10 boys and 100 girls are in regular attendance. Three Sisters, Poor Handmaids of Christ, teach the girls and the small boys; John Hauck teaches the older boys. These teachers were preceded in the school by Peter Mettler, Ferdinand Buehler and Miss Clementine Koenig, who were successively in charge of the little ones of St. Paul's parish. The original cost of the brick building was $4,000, and the cost of remodeling the old pastoral residence, used for a time as a school, and the fitting up of the old church, summed another $4,000, making a total original expenditure on the school-building of $8,000. The present average annual outlay for the maintenance of the school is $1,050, of which amount $900 are derived from member- ship fees of the School society; the remainder is taken from the church funds. The average annual expense per pupil is $6. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. At present the value of the school ground, includinf^ the play ground, is $5,000, and the combined value of the school-buildings is about $7,000. The value of the house occupied by the teacher is $500. Rev. E. Koenig, who had charge of St. Paul's congregation from December, 1865, died on January 22, 1898. On February 7 the present rector. Rev. H. F. Joseph Kroll, was appointed by the right reverend bishop and since February 23d has had charge of the congregation. St. Peter's School. — The first school-house erected in St. Peter's parish was put up by Rev. John Wemhoff, in 1872, at a cost of $8,000. It was first taught by Mr. Rose, who was suc- ceeded by two other lay teachers until i88[, when it was placed in charge of the School Sisters of Notre Dame, from Milwaukee, Wis., as noted in the church history. The building is a two-story brick structure, 40 x 80 feet, on Martin street, seventy-five feet east of the church, to the rear, with main entrance on the north side. It contains six school- rooms, which afford a total seating capacity for 355 children. The rooms are airy, comfortable, and well furnished with school necessaries. The upper story of the building is thrown into one large hall, 40x80 feet, which is used for sodality and other parochial ass.mblies. The present enrolment of pupils is 355; the boys number 185 and the girls 170. Six Sisters of Notre Dame are now employed as teachers, and the school continues to improve from year to year under their management. Alter first holy communion, such pupils are retained in St. Peter's school as wish to continue their studies, and are advanced in all the princi- pal branches of the high-school course. Most of the pupils live in the vicinity, but a few have their homes at a distance of one to three miles from the school. The average annual .outlay for the school is about $1,500. This amount is generally derived from fees of St. Joseph's School society, established for that end. The monthly membership fee is sixty-five cents, but that of widows twenty-five cents only. The children of parents paying sixty-five cents enjoy'the privilege of a "(505) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY free school, but children whose parents are not members of the society pay $i per month tuition fee. The present value of the school ground, including a spacious play-ground, is $5,000. The value of the school-building, with appurtenances, is $10,000; and the value of the Sisters' dwelling- house is $5,000. The present director is Rev. F. Koerdt, who has formed a building association for the purpose of collecting funds with which to erect a more commodious school-house, with halls and club-rooms, the cost of which will probably approximate $35,000. FOWLER, BENTON COUNTY. Sacred Heart School was erected in 1891, at a cost of $1,200, by Rev. A. Henneberger. It is a two-story frame building, 26 x 32 feet, and serves the double purpose of school and dwelling for the three Franciscan Sisters, from LaFayette, who are in charge of the school, which was opened in September, 1891, by Sister Luit- gera, with an enrolment of sixty pupils. The number of children continued to increase so rapidly that another room had to be pro- vided within two months after the opening of the school. To meet this demand the one large ro3m was divided by a partition, still the school is overcrowded, for its seating capacity is sixty, while the average attendance is thirty-five boys and thirty girls. The school is free to the greater number of the pupils; some pay fifty cents a month tuition fee, but the amount collected from them does not exceed $150 per annum. The average expense of each pupil for the year is about $7. The ground attached to the school is two acres, and is valued at $500, while the school and its furniture may be valued at $1,500. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. H. A. Hellhake. (iARRETT, DEKALB COUNTY. St. Joseph's School. — In 1880 the present pastor of St. Jo- seph's church, Rev. A. Young, built the first Catholic school in the parish. It is a handsome brick structure, 30 x 50 feet, and con- tains four rooms, with a seating capacity for 240 children. At present 177 pupils attend the school, and are in charge of four (606) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. teachers, Sisters of the Most Precious Blood, whose residence, erected for them by the congregation at a cost of $800, is on the same lot as the school. The school is supported from funds raised by the monthly contributions of the School society. Children whose parents are members of this society enjoy the advantages of the school with- out additional cost of tuition; other children are required to pay, if able, from fifty cents to $1 per month. The annual expenditure for the school, including teachers' salary, is $750 a year, which comes to about $4. 75 per pupil. The original cost of the school- building was $6,000; its present value, including its appurtenances, is $10,000, and the value of the ground upon which it stands is $8,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rex. A. Young. GOSHEN, ELKHART COUNTY. St. John's School. — The first Catholic school in Goshen was erected in 1867, by Rev. Henry Meissner, at a cost of $550. Until the year 1881, it was taught successively by Mr. Duehmig, brother of the Rev. D. Duehmig, Mr. Laly, Mr. Wagner, Mr. Tid- ner and Miss Catherine Smith. In 1 88 1 the present school-house was erected at a cost of $1,100. It is 30x40 feet, one and a half stories high, and con- tains two class-rooms, which have a seating capacity for 130 chil- dren. The present attendance, however, does not exceed fifty pupils. Sisters of the Holy Cross have been in charge of the school since the erection of the new building in 1881, and at pres- ent three Sisters are engaged in the school-rooms. The average annual outlay for the school, including the sal- ary of the teachers, is $450. Of this amount $400 were paid as salary until last year, when the Sisters received but $300. The sources of income for the school are three: Tuition fee, at fifty cents a month; collections and socials held for the purpose, and membership fees of St. Joseph's society, organized on November 13, 1892. The average expense per pupil is about eight dollars a year. The present value of the school ground, including play ground is $800, and of the school-building, with appurtenances, "(507) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY $1,300. The Sisters occupy the house formerly used as a paro- chial residence, and Rev. S. M. Yenn is the present reverend director of the school. HAMMOND, LAKE COUNTY. St. Joseph's School. — The first school-house erected in this parish was put up by the present pastor, the Rev. H. M. Plaster, in 1885, at a cost of $600. In 1888 this structure was replaced by a fine brick building, which cost $11,000. Its dimensions are 50 X TOO feet; it is two stories high, and contains an assembly hall 20 X 50 feet and five school-rooms, which have a seating capacity for 307 chilJren. The first teachers employed in the school were four Sisters of Providence: Sister Clementine, Sister Mary Michael, Sister Mary Lewis and Sister Mary Peter. Since then the number of teachers has been increased to eleven, and the attendance of pupils has reached an enrolment of 168 boys and 195 girls. The average annual expenditure for the maintenance of the school is about $1,500. This amount is derived from monthly tuition fees, the average charge to each pupil being fifty cents. The expense per pupil is about six dollars a 3'ear. The present value of the school ground, including a spacious play-ground, is $5,000. The value of the building, with its appurtenances, is $15,000, which figure includes the value of the Sisters' residence adjoining. Rev. H. M. Plaster is the present reverend director of the school. All Saints" School. — Pather Edward F. Barrett erected a school-building in Hammond at a cost of $1,000, and opened a school in September, 1897. The children of the English-speaking parishioners of St. Joseph's church, after their separation, still attended St. Joseph's school, until circumstances made it possible to have their own. The school has 155 pupils, and are taught by four Sisters of Providence, under the direction of Sister Mary Patrice. Tuition fees are exacted as means of support. This school is rapidly increasing though still in its infancy, for here the heart is found vibrating in constant and harmonious unison with every accent of the lips and effort of the mind. Here true Chris- (SOST IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. tian affection of pastor and sister causes the little ones to dearly love their parish school. St. Casimir's School, for the benefit of the Polish people, is taught by a male lay teacher, the organist of the parish church. It numbers at present forty boys and thirty-seven girls. The school is not a graded school, as most of the pupils come per elec- tric car from East Chicago and Whiting. Hence the attendance in winter is somewhat irregular. The Polish population is of a shifting character and children rarely attend after first holy com- munion. The teacher's salary is paid from funds collected partly by tuition fees and partly from pew rent. Rev. K. Kobylinski is the present director. HESSE CASSEL, ALLEN COUNTY. St. Joseph's School. — The first school-house in Hesse Cassel was erected in 1868, by the congregation, at a cost of $1,600. The present school-house was erected in 1880, at a cost of $3,200, by Rev. H. F. Hueser, D. D. It is a fine two-story brick build- ing, 50 X 26 feet, and contains two nice school-rooms, which have a seating capacity for 120 children. At present but one of these rooms is in use, as the number of pupils does not exceed seventy- five, under the care of three Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart. The average annual expense for supporting the school is about $450, which amount is derived from three sources: Tuition fees, at twenty-five cents a month; the membership fees of the School society, and from pew rent. The annual expense per pupil is about $8. At present the value of the one acre of ground used for school purposes is $300, and the value of the school- building, with its appurtenances, is $3,600. These figures include the value of the teachers' residence, which is connected with the school-house. The present reverend director of the school is the Rev. Max Benzinger. HUNTINGTON, HUNTINGTON COUNTY. School of Sts. Peter and Paul. — The first school-house in this parish was built in 1859 by Rev. F. Fuchs, at a cost of $100 in "(509) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY excess of the gratuitous labor of the early settlers of the town. The names of the first teachers and the early history of the school are not on record. The present three-story brick school-house was erected in 1873, at a cost of $17,000, by Rev. George Steiner. It contains a hall 66x 38 feet, and five school-rooms, and has seat- ing capacity for 300 children, with an attendance of 188 pupils, who are under the management of four School Sisters of Notre Dame, whose convent is attached to the school-house. The aver- age annual outlay for the school, including the salary of teachers, is $900, which sum is derived mostly from tuition fees of twenty- five cents and fifty cents a month. When the amount collected in this way is insufficient to cover the expense, the balance is sup- plied by funds from the church. The annual expense per pupil is $3.65. The present value of the school ground is $3,000, and the value of the school-building with appurtenances and convent is $25,000. The present reverend director is Rev. J. H. Hueser, D. D. St. Mary's School. — The new parish of English-speaking peo- ple at Huntington erected a new school, at the cost of $8,000, in the fall of 1897. It is complete in every detail, having all the latest improvements in school-building. There are cloak rooms and wash stands for each room. Play rooms and closets are in the basement. The school is taught by the Sisters of Providence, and is attended by i 30 pupils, sixty-three boys and sixty-seven girls. Expenses are defrayed partly by tuition fees and partly from pew rent. Rev. John R. Ouinlan is the present reverend director. May this school, year after year, gather an abundant harvest and may each succeeding term find her sending forth youthful souls, who may prove useful citizens and good Christians. INDIANAPOLIS, MARION COUNTY. The Sacred Heart School. — Convinced of the great necessity of a parochial school, the reverend Franciscan Fathers had planned from the beginning to build a school as soon as means would permit. In the year 1876 a beginning was made and the first class put (MOT IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. into the hands of Sebastian Hoenig. It remained thus until August of the same year. On the 1 8th day of August, 1877, there arrived, at the request of Rev. P. Ferdinand Bergmeyer, O. F. M., four Sisters of the congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph, at Caron- delet, St. Louis, Mo., namely: Mother M. Claver, superioress; Sis- ter M. Assisium, Sister Cyrilla and Sister Theodora. A good, .pious widow lady, Mrs. Frommhold, placed her house and furni- ture at their disposal, where they resided until the following year. She herself a few months later entered the Community and was received in the provincial-house at Troy, N. Y. At the expiration •of her two years of novitiate she was admitted to her holy pro- fession, as Sister Clarissa Aurelia. On the first Monday in Sep- tember the sisters entered upon their field of labor, opening school on the same day with an attendance of eighty-live children. These were taught in two class-rooms located in the building, occupied by the Franciscan Fathers. Ven. Br. Leopold, O. F. M., taught the larger boys and also directed the choir. In the vear 1882, he was succeeded by Ven. Br. Maikus, O. F. M., who remained there until 1894. On June 16, 1878, the Sisters of St. Joseph purchased a few lots on the corner of South Meridian and Palmer streets, whereon they built their residence. On October 4 of the same year the new school-building was solemnly blessed by the Right Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, who was assisted by Rev. P. Ferdinand, O. F. M., Rev. P. Pancratius, Rev. P. Arsenius, Rev. P. Ale.xius and Rev. D. O'Donaghue, chancellor of the diocese. The Sisters removed to their new dwelling on October 5. Beside the Sisters' apartments, the building also contained three spacious class-rooms, which were opened to the children of the parish on the following day. The attendance at this time numbered about 150 children. In April, 1879, a fourth class-room was opened. As the number of scholars rapidly increased, a new addition was erected, expressly for school purposes. On January 6lh, Rev. P. Francis Haase, with the assistance of Revs. P. Augustin Heuseler and P. Arsenius Fahle, solemnly blessed the same. On January 10, the Sisters began their work in the new building with an attendance of 300 children, who were divided into six classes. In 1 89 1 another wing was built to the school. The number 31 .(oil) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of pupils increased so rapidly that, notwithstanding all their build- ings, it became necessary to place a class into the basement. In 1895 there were about 450 children who attended the Sacred Heart school. Now, 1898, there are seven class-rooms in the Sis- ters' building. The highest class of boys, which, till 1895, had been in the convent of the Franciscan Fathers, has now been transferred into the new school-building, north of the church. Ven. Br. Marcus, O. F. M., who, up to this time had taught this class, was sent to the college at Teutopolis. His successor at Indianapolis was X. Vollmer. He also had charge of the choir. Owing to his feeble health he, after one year's teaching, confined himself to the management of the choir. Then the Sisters took charge of all the classes. At present, 1898, the Sacred Heart school consists of ten classes, three of which are in the new school- building. The number of all the pupils is 530. Those pupils that wish to receive a better education are taught in a special high class where the pupils, beside the other branches of learning, are also instructed in fine arts, such as music, painting, etc. The staff of teachers is composed of sixteen Sisters of St. Joseph, under the direction of Mother Ludwina, as principal. KEXTLANI), NEWTON COUNTY. St. Joseph School was erected in 1876, by Rev. A. Messman, at a cost of $300, was taught successively by M. N. Touskin, Miss Mary O'Donnell and Miss Catherine Cunningham; but it was dis- continued after a few years and not reopened until 1885. Then the old church was remodeled and fitted up in a manner suitable for school purposes, by Rev. \\\ C. Miller, at a cost of $1,000. This reverend Father procured lay teachers for two years; but in 1867 he placed the school in charge of two Franciscan Sisters from LaFayette. An addition was then built to the teachers' resi- dence, and other necessary repairs were made, which, in all, cost the congregation the sum of $500. and steam heat has since been introduced at a cost of $390. The school-building is a one-story frame, 24 x 70 feet, -contains two well-ventilated class-rooms and has a seating capacity for 100 children, but the present daily attendance does not exceed forty-one {M2r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. pupils, now under three Sisters. The annual outlay for the support of the school is derived from tuition fees of fifty cents a month from children who are able to pay, supplemented by funds taken from the church treasury. The present valufe of the ground used for school purposes is $300, and the value of the school-building, with its appurtenances, $2,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. C. Ganser. KLAAS\'ILLE, LAKE CorXT^'. St. Anthony's School opened with Alb. Weber as the first teacher employed. It is a one-story frame building, 21 x 30 feet, and has a seating capacity for forty-five children. At present there are thirty-five in attendance, under the care of two Sisters of St. Francis, from Joliet, 111. The average annual expense for supporting this school is $150, raised by subscription or by tuition fees of fifty cents a month. The average annual expense per pupil is about four dollars and seventy cents. The present value of the one-acre lot on which the school-house stands is seventy- five dol- lars, and the value of the school-building with its appurtenances is $600. The house erected for the Sisters by the congregation is worth $700. KOKOMO, HOWARD COUNTY. St. Patrick's School. — The old one-story frame school-build- ing was the old church remodeled into a school-house of two rooms. This school accommodation was provided in 1874, upon the completion of the new church, and it cost the congregation about $500 to fit up the building in a manner suitable for school purposes. The building measured 30x60 feet, a space which afforded two large class-rooms which could seat about 100 children. The first teachers employed in St. Patrick's school were Miss Mar\- Commerford, Miss Lizzie Sheridan, Miss Mary O'Donnell. In 1888 the school was placed in the hands of religious teachers, and at present it is conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph. A new school-house has been built of brick, stone and slate, with a fine front tower, large basement, and is one of the finest in the state, at a probable cost of $10,000. The annual outlay for sup- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY porting the school, including the salary of the teachers, is $800, which amount is derived from monthly tuition fees of fifty cents from children who are able to pay, and from pew rents. The average expense per pupil is about five dollars, and the attendance is 128. The present value of the ground used for school purposes is $1,600, and the value of the buildings with their appurtenances is $12,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. F. Lordemann. LAFAYETTE, TIPPECANOE COUNTY. St. Mary's Boys' School is a substantial brick building situated on South street, in the rear of the church. Here the Brothers of the Holy Cross, from Notre Dame, tnd., began their school for education of the boys of St. Mary's church in 1867. In 1895 the school was put in charge of the Sisters of Providence, from St. Mary's of the Woods, near Terre Haute, Ind. Concerning it we quote from the official report of the diocesan school board: Grades, seven; teachers, three; time of school, ten months in the year; terms in year, two; free days (exclusive of Saturdays and holy days of obligation) St. Patrick's, and some national holi- days. Course of instruction: Christian doctrine, sacred history, penmanship, spelling, reading, geography. United States history, grammar, church history, arithmetic, physiology, algebra, geom- etry, natural history. Volumes in library, 200. Rates of tuition per quarter, $5, $3 and $2.50. St. lioniface's School. — This school occupies two buildings. The boys' school is situated on Ninth street, between Ferry and North, adjoining the church. It is a well proportioned two-story brick building, furnished throughout with a view to its purpose. The girls' school is situated on Tenth street, between Main and Ferry, and rises on tiie foundation of the church building used up to 1 866. It is two stories high and arranged for four classes. St. Boniface's parochial schools comprise four grades, with 162 boys and 180 girls. The average daily attendance is 270. Teachers, four Sisters of St. Francis, and one male teacher, prin- IN THK STATE OF INDIANA. cipal of the boys' school. Time of school, ten months inthe\ear; terms in year, one; free days (exclusive of Saturdays and holy days of oblijL^ation). from Christmas to New Years, and the national holi- days. Course of instruction, English and Cerman: Singing, Chris- tian doctrine, sacred history, penmanship, spelling, reading, geog- raphy, United States history, grammar, arithmetic. Volumes in library, 1,481. Rates of tuition per month, 50 cents. St. Ann's School. — The great distance from the southwestern part of the city, the notable " First Ward, " to St. Mary's necessi- tated the erection of St. Ann's chapel on Wabash avenue. The children of the district were collected into a school, and in 1S68 it was in full operation in the upper story of the chapel on Wabash avenue and Smith street. Later, for the convenience of the little ones, it was decided to remove the chapel to the upper floor and to occupy the ground floor for school purposes. And after the completion of St. Ann's church, whose stately proportions already grace Wabash avenue and Green street, the whole of the old building will be utilized for a school. The official report gives the following information: Grades, six; average daily attendance, 142; teachers. Sisters of Providence; time of school, ten months; terms in year, two; free days (exclusive of Saturdays and holy days of obligation), March 17th and the national holidays. Course of instruction: Singing, Catholic doctrine, sacred history, penmanship, spelling, reading, geography, United States history, grammar, arithmetic. Rates of tuition per month, fifty cents. St. Lawrence's school. — This latest addition to the Catholic parochial school system of Lafayette became necessary on account of the growth of the city toward the northeast. St. Lawrence's school was opened in October, 1896, and now averages a daily attendance of 100 children. It is in charge of the Franciscan Sisters. The building, which contains the chapel on the second floor, is admirably arranged for school purposes. It is of brick, with stone facings, and is two stories high. It was erected with a A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY view to accommodating a large graded school. The course of instruction is on the lines of the other Catholic schools of the city. The Catholic parochial schools of LaFayette are all in a flourishing condition. The buildings, grounds and appurtenances are well kept. The reader may judge for himself what an amount of annual expenditure they cause, and might do well to remember that its assumption by his Catholic fellow-citizen saves him just so much on his tax bill. LA(;R(), WABASH COUNTY. St. Patrick's School. — The present school-house at LaGro is the old frame church remodeled. It contains one room. 30x60 feet and is upon the same lot with the $20,000 new brick church, erected by Very Rev. M. E. Campion, in 1871. It is one story in height, and the seating capacity is hity; but owing to the dis- tance some children live from the school, the average attendance of pupils is but twenty-four. The school, thirty-two pupils, is taught by one Sister of the Franciscan Order, and is free to all children of the parish, for the most of those in attendance are too poor to pay a regular monthly tuition fee. The revenue for the support of the school is derived from private donations and from an annual festival held for that purpose. The present value of the school ground is $200; of the school-house, including its fur- niture, $600; and of the teacher's residence, $500. The Rev. Peter J. Ouinn is the reverend director. LAPORTE, LAPORTE COUNTY. St. Joseph's School. — The present school-house, the first Catholic school erected in LaPorte, was built in the year 1863, by Rev. M. Scherer. The building is of brick, one story high, and is 60x30 feet. It was erected at a cost of $1,500, but an addition built in 1875, consisting of a hall 30 x 30 feet, has placed the value of the school building at nearly $2,000. The class-room is capa- ble of seating too pupils, but the present daily attendance does not average more than eighty. The first teacher of this school was the Rev. M. Scherer, who, realizing the need of early Catholic instruction for the little ones of his parish, gave himself to the IN THE STATP: of INDIANA. humble work of training; them, with a trul}' pastoral solicitude. At present the school employs two Sisters of the Precious Blood, and the number of pupils is seventy-two. The money to meet expenses is derived from tuition fees of fifty cents a month, sup- plemented by funds from the church. The present value of the school-ground, including play-ground, is $i,ooo, and of the school- building with its apjMirtenances, $2,000. The house erected for the teachers is worth $1,700. The present reverend director is the Rev. Anthonv Messman. St. Rose's school, erected by Sisters of the Holy Cross over thirty years ago. is a large two-story frame structure. Beside dwelling apartments for the Sisters, it contains four school- rooms, with seating capacity for i 50 children, but is attended by only eleven boys and twenty-nine girls. The school revenue depends upon the amount of tuition collected by the Sisters. The rate of tuition is $1 per month for those who are able to pay, but poor children are taken free of charge. The average annual expense for each pupil is $10. The present value of the school grounds and buildings, all owned by the Sisters of the Holy Cross, is $6,000. Rev. George Schramm is the present reverend director. LOGAXSPORT, CASS COUNTY. St. \'incent de Paul School was one of the first parochial schools established in the diocese of Fort Wayne. Early in 1862, when Rev. George A. Hamilton had completed the present beauti- ful church-edifice, he sought, for the little ones of his flock, teach- ers who would mold their hearts and minds into the principles of the Catholic faith, and in response to his invitation the Religious of the Hoi}' Cross opened this school in 1863. Within a few years the school-house proved to be inadequate for the needs of the parish, and, in 1870. Rev. F. X. Lawler, who had succeeded Rev. Geo. A. Hamilton in the pastorate of the parish, erected, at a cost of $2,500, another building, which was to be used as a parochial school for bo3'S. At this date, 1870, the boys' school was taught by Mr. Von Weller and the girls' school was under the direction of Mother Compassion, with Sister Sebas- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY tian, Sister Augusta, Sister Charles and Sister de Pazzie, as her assistants. In 1874, the boys' school was doubly enlarged, and continued in charge of a lay teacher until 1880. The Brothers of Holy Cross then assumed charge, but transferred it to the Sisters in 1882, since which time the parochial schools of the parish have been exclusively under the control of the Sisters of Holy Cross. The two schools. Holy Angels' academy and St. Vincent's boys" school, as they now stand, afford accommodations for 300 children. Holy Angels' academy contains five rooms and St. Vin- cent's school eight rooms, well ventilated and fully equipped with necessary apparatus for teaching. The grounds are ample for exercise during recess, and the location of the buildings is con- venient. The average daily attendance of 300 reaches the full capacity, and is equally divided as to the sexes. The average annual expense for each pupil may be estimated at $5, drawn from a small monthly tuition fee, and any deficit being made up from the general fund of the congregation. As regards St. Vincent's school-building for the boys, three years ago, in May, 1895, necessity existed to procure a new build- ing. The old building has seen its best days and served its pur- pose. It was during this month of May, 1895, that Very Rev. M. E. Campion concluded to erect a building suitable to the wants of his parish and one which would be a credit to the people of the parish and to the city. Consequently the very reverend father had the old building torn down and the present beautiful building erected. It cost, built and ready for use, furnished with every modern convenience, $16,400, and is three stories high. The first story is devoted to society purposes, the second to school pur- poses, and the third contains one of the finest halls in the state — a veritable little and complete opera house and having a seating capacity of 700. There is every reason for the local pride had in this surpassingly beautiful building. The evening it was dedi- cated the press of Logansport, September 18, 1895, had this to say: The opening of the new St. N'incent's institute for boys proved all and more than the most sanguine had expected. The audience was large and fashionable, (M8r IN THE STATE Ol" INDIANA. llic speeches aprDiuis and willy, .iiul the ir.iisic all liial was wanted Id ciiin|)lete an evening of rare pleasure and i)rofit. ( )i the speech making, it can l)e truly said that it afforded a literary feast of unusual excellence. Such orators as Hon. Fat- rick. Keefe, \'ery Rev. John R. Dinnen, ex-Mayor \i. C. D. Reed, Mayor George P. McKee, Hon. D. P. Baldwin and Rufus Magee were on the program and each accpiitted themselves most creditably. Very Rev. M. K. Campion officiated skill- fully as master of ceremonies. The Elite .Mandolin orchestra furnished music, and vocal selections were rendered by the Carleton (piartette, James I). Murjihy, Little Nora McHale and Miss Theresa Hinder, from Chicago. Frank Hanley also favored the audience w-ith one of his pleasing dances. Throughout the building is wired with (>lectric lights and its a])pointments are said to be among the finest in the state. Father Caniiiiou and his tlock are U) be congratulated ui)on this successful termination of their wurthy ambition. St. Joseph's School. — The first school in St. Joseph's parish was opened February 2, 1870, in an old building that had pre- viously been used as a hotel. From 1870 to 1877, the school passed under the control of both secular and religious teachers, but was not permanently organized until September, 1877, when it was given in charge to the School Sisters of Notre Dame, from Milwaukee. The school then numbered sixty pupils, but since that time the enrolment has increased to 288 pupils. The beauti- ful building now occupied as St. Joseph's school was erected in 1891, at a cost of $20,000, by Rev. H. Ivoehne. It is twenty-four feet east of the church, on the corner of Second and Market streets, is built of brick, with stone basement, and measures 70X 80 feet. The main entrance is on Second street. This new school contains a hall on the third floor, 64x70, six well furnished, airy and commodious class-rooms, with a seating capacity for 350 children, who are in the care of six teachers. Sisters of Notre Dame, under the Ven. Sister Aloysia. The school is supported by a monthly tuition fee of sixty cents from pupils able to pay it, and from the funds of the congregation. The school-ground is ample and its value is estimated at $1,500. The school itself, with appurtenances, is worth $25,000, and the old school has been remodeled into a dwelling for the teachers, at a cost of $1,000. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. H. Koehne. St. Bridget's School was erected in 1875, by Rev. B. Kroeger, at a cost of $9,000. It is a large two-story brick structure, 100x44 A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY feet, situated on the corner of Wheatland and Wilkinson streets, and is now used as a church and a school. Beside the hall, which at present serves the congregation as a place of worship, the build- ing contains four cheerful class-rooms, which afford a total seating capacity of 250 children. There is now an enrolment of sixty-six boys and fifty-two girls, under charge of three Sisters of St. Joseph. The annual outlay for the school, including" the salary of teachers, is made up of tuition fees at the rate of fifty cents a month, and money taken from the church funds. The present value of the school-ground, including play-ground, is $2,500, and the value of the building, with its appurtenances, is $9,500. Rev. B. Kroeger is the present reverend director of the school. MICHIGAN CITY, LAPORTE COUNTY. St. Mary's School. — The first Catholic school established in Michigan City was built in 1866, by Rev. Father Scherer, at a cost of $1,500. The teachers of this school were Sisters of the Holy Cross, who, at the same time, opened an academy, the parochial school being taught in the old church. The present two-story brick school-house was erected in 1886, b}- Rev. J. Bieckmann, at a cost of $19,865. It is 90 X 74 feet and contains six school-rooms and a hall, 84x35 feet, the attendance being 321. In addition to the above there has been erected an academy, known as St. Mary's, at a cost of $20,000. The total attendance is 530, and the teach- ers are ten School Sisters of Notre Dame. The reverend director of the school, at present, is Rev. John Bieckmann, St. Stanislaus' School was erected in 1891 by Rev. E. J. Wrobel, at a cost of $7,400. It is a large two-story frame build- ing, 80 X 48 feet, and at present this building serves the double purpose of church and school. Besides the hall, which serves the congregation as a place of worship, the building contains three cheerful and well furnished school-rooms, witii a seating capacity for 160 children. The present enrolment is 150 pupils, with an attendance of fifty-seven boys and forty-six girls. Sisters of the Holy Cross have had charge of the school since its organization, and two of these religieuse are now engaged as teachers. The (520r IN THE STATE 01-- INDIANA. first teachers were Sister Mary Wilfrid and Sister M. Ladicjlaiis. The average annual outlay for the support of the school, including the saiar}' of teachers, is $450, which amount is derived from monthly tuition fees of fifty cents. The yearly expense per pupil is about $5. The value of the school-ground, including play ground, is at present $1,500, and the value of the building with its appurtenances is $7,800. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. E. J. Wrobel. MISIIAWAKA, ST. JOSEPH'S COUNTY. St. Joseph's School was erected in 1863, by Rev. Henry Koenig, at a cost of $600, and the first teacher employed was Jacob Zahm. However, it may be mentioned that, as early as 1847, the Sisters of the Holy Cross had Mishawaka in view as a suitable location for an academy, and they taught school there for a short time; but in 1849 the}^ gave up the place. Nine years later school was opened in the old church and taught there by Mr. Venn from 1858 until i860, when the old frame church was burned, which caused the school to be discontinued until 1863. The present school-house consists of three story buildings, one brick and two frame, whose combined dimensions are 26 x 52 feet. These build- ings, completed in 1877, at an aggregate cost of $2,100, afford three large class-rooms and have a total seating capacity of 240 pupils, but the present attendance is 268 children. Some of these children live at a distance of over three miles from the school. Seven Sisters, Poor Handmaids of Christ, are in charge of the school. The present value of the school-ground, including play-ground, is $5,000, the value of the school building, with appurtenances, is about $1,800. The house occupied by the Sisters was purchased by the reverend pastor in 1878. Very Rev. A. B. Oechtering is the present reverend director of the school. MONTEREY, ITLASKI COUNTY. Holy Family School, the first in the parish, was erected in Mofiterey during the summer of 1895, by Rev. Charles A. Thiele. Connected with the school is the Sisters' dwelling. It is a two- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY story brick structure, 65 x 24, having two well ventilated and fur- nished school-rooms on the first floor and a hall above. The attached Sisters" building is 30 x 24, containing eight rooms. School and dwelling were built and furnished at a cost of $3,000. The school is taught by the Sisters of St. Agnes and is attended by seventy-six pupils; thirty-seven boys and thirty-nine girls. Each child pays a monthly tuition of twenty-five cents and the rest of the salary is taken from the church funds. Father G. Zern is the present reverend director. MONROEVILLE, ALLEN COUNTY. The School of St. Rose of Lima, now in course of erection, is a two-story brick structure, 29x50 feet. Its estimated cost is $3,500. When completed it will consist of two school-rooms on the first floor, with a seating capacity for about 120 children, and a hall, 27x49 feet, for parochial meetings, on the second floor. It will be in charge of religious teachers, and will have a probable enrolment of fifty pupils, twenty boys and thirty girls, some of whom live a distance of three and one-half miles from the school. The school will be free, and the means necessary for its support will be derived from the proceeds of entertainments, lectures, etc.. supplemented by money from the church funds. The school, when completed, with its appurtenances, will probably be worth about $4,000, and the value of the house bought for the teachers' residence is $233. For some time a lady teacher instructed the communion class for two months each year. Rev. R. Paquet is the present pastor of Monroeville. MUNCIE, DELAWARE COUNTY. St. Lawrence's School, at Muncie, was erected in the summer of 1880 by Rev. William Schmidt, at a cost of about $2,900. It was a two-story frame structure, 45 x 35 feet, and contained four school-rooms, two measuring 30 x 30 feet, and two measuring I 5 X 30 feet. These rooms had a seating capacity for 200 chil- dren, but the average number in attendance was 155. The first teacher of this school was Rev. William Schmidt, the pastor of the congregation. Unable to procure teachers during the first (522) I\ THE STATE Ol- INDIANA. year after the erection of the school, this reverend father gener- ously devoted his time and talents to the training of the children of his parish. In i88r, he confided the school to the care of Sisters of St. Joseph, from Cleveland. Ohio; from their hands it passed into those of the Sisters of St. Af^nes, of Fond du Lac, Wis. At present five of these Sisters are in charge; and the school, from a single ungraded room, in the beginning, has developed into a well- graded school of three departments, primary, intermediate and senior, each comprising three grades. It requires nine years attend- ance at school to go through the course of studies, giving one year to each grade. This system of grading the school was completed in 1892, when the school was removed to its present location, with another room and teacher added. In 1897 the church was remodeled and two rooms were added to the school, which is now attended by 303 pupils. The school revenue is derived from monthly tuition fees of fifty cents from single pupils, and $1 from families having two or more children in school. In case of a defi- ciency of revenue, the amount needed to meet the demand was taken from the priest's salary until four years ago; now it is taken from the funds of the church. The present value of school grounds is about $4,000, of the school with appurtenances, $4,500; and of the teachers' residence, $3,500. The present reverend director is Rev. William Schmidt. NEW CORYDOX P. O. , J.AY COUNTY. Holy Trinity School was erected in Jay county in 1881, at a cost of $1,000, by Rev. Joseph Uphaus, priest of the Order of the Most Precious Blood. It is a two-story frame, 30x25 feet, one-half mile east of Holy Trinity church, near the convent of the Sisters of the Most Precious Blood. The accommodations furnished by the two well-equipped school-rooms soon drew to this little nursery of education 124 children, sixty-four of whom were boys. The history of the school has continued unaltered from its foundation, twelve years ago, to the present date. Two Sisters of the Most Precious Blood are in charge of the school, and its doors are open, free of charge, to all children of the parish. The annual average expense for each pupil is about $4; and the outlay "(523) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY for keeping up repairs and teachers' salaries is $400, which income is derived from pew rent. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. George Fleisch, C. PP. S. NEW HAVEN. ALLEN COUNTY. St. John the Baptist School. — The year 1865 saw the erec- tion of the first Catholic school in New Haven, by Rev. W. Giedle. It is a one-story frame building, 22 x 34 feet, and was put up at a cost of $500. This school-house served its purpose until 1872, when it became necessary to build, at a cost of $8,000, a two-story brick structure, 40 x 50 feet, to furnish additional room and a dwelling for the Sisters. These two buildings, adjoin- ing, give four rooms, three of which are in use, and have a seating capacity for 180 children. At present 128 pupils are in attend- ance, under the care of three Sisters of St. Agnes, from Fond du Lac, Wis. These religieuse took charge in 1871, before which time the school was taught by seculars. The average number of boys enrolled is seventy-three, while the enrolment of girls is only fifty-seven. The annual expenditure for the school, including the teachers' salaries, is $750. Of this amount one-half is paid by the congregation and the other half is derived from society fees and a small rate of monthly tuition, from twenty-five cents to seventy-five cents, charged to pupils who are able to pay. The average annual expense for each pupil is $v50. The present value of the school-ground is $500, and of the school-buildings, with appurtenances, $9,000. The present reverend director is Rev. Bernard Wiedau. OTIS, LAFOKTE COUNTY. Sacred Heart of Jesus School. — The first Catholic school in Otis was erected in 1877, through the zeal of Rev. Father Machd- zicki. at a cost of $2, 500. It is a two- story frame structure, 40 x 40 feet, contains two large class-rooms, which have a seating capacity for 100 children, and a present attendance cf seventy-two pupils. Many of the pupils have their homes in the country at a distance of from one to ten miles; children living this far from the school board in the building during the term, and are under the control of IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. the Sisters of St. Francis, two of whom are employed as teachers. The average annual outlay for the school, includinj^ the salary of teachers, is about $900, which sum is made up of tuition fees at fifty cents a month, and funds taken from the church treasury. The average expense per pupil is about $1 1.84 a year. The pres- ent value of the school-ground, including play ground, is $1,000, and the value of the school building is $3,500. Rev. Fr. Raskie- wicz is the present reverend director of the school. PERU, MI.\>[I COUNTY. School of St. Charles Barromeo. — The first building intended for school purposes iji St. Charles parish was a frame structure put up in 1837, by Rev. H. J.Clarke, at a cost of $1,000. This school- house having been sold, by Rev. Father Force, part of the first old church was used as a school-room from i860 to 1865. Upon the completion of the new church, in 1865, Rev. B. Kroeger, then pastor, had the old church converted into school-rooms. This building was consumed by iire in 1874, and the present school- house was built. The first teacher employed in St. Charles' school was G. Volkert. He had as successors several lay teachers, among them Prince Bismarck's playmate. Dr. Rudolph Ladislas Miller, whose life reads like a connected series of romantic links. From the control of this man, the school passed into the hands of the Ursuline Nuns, who taught it until 1872 or 1873, when it was trans- ferred to the Sisters of Providence, who are still in charge. Nine of these Sisters are now occupied in the school. The present building, 65 x 60 feet, is a solid brick structure, is three stories high, and was erected in 1874, at a cost of $16,000, including the Sisters' residence, which adjoins. It contains six school-rooms, which have seating capacity for 300 children. At present there are 250 pupils in attendance, of whom i 12 are boys. The average outlay for the school is $277, taken from church funds. Of this amount $200 are paid as salary, and the balance needed for the mainte- nance of the teachers is derived from what they collect as tuition fees at fifty cents a month. The average expense per pupil is $5. The present value of the school-ground is $2,000, and of the school- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY building, with appurtenances, $io.OOO. The reverend director, at present, is Rev. H. Meissner. I'LVMOUTH, MARSHALL COl'NTV. St. Michael's School was erected in 1870 by the Sisters of the Holy Cross, at a cost of $12,000, and is both a day and boarding school. The principal portion of the building is 50x40 feet, to which is attached a wing, 50x35 feet, that is used as dwelling apartments for the Sisters and the boarders. The main portion of the building contains two class-rooms which have a total seat- ing capacity for 160 children, and three music rooms, one of which is reserved for instruction in vocal music. At present there are in attendance, including the boarding pupils, 116 children, under the control of three Sisters of the Holy Cross, one of whom is a music teacher. Prior to 1870, the parochial school was conducted in an old frame dwelling, house. The teachers who preceded the Sisters in St. Michael's school began their work there in i860, and were suc- cessively. Miss Dwyer, Miss Howard, Miss Buchanan, Miss Mona- han. Miss Day, Mr. Weber, Mr. Stevens and Miss Kate Stokes. The Sisters, having entire control of the school, collect from the pupils the revenue necessary for its maintenance. This con- sists of a tuition fee from seNcnty-five cents to $1 a month, from pupils who are able to pay. Poor children are educated free of charge. The average annual expense per pupil is about $5. The value of the school-ground is about $1,500, and the value of the school-building, with its appurtenances, is $15,000. Rev. Charles Lemper is the present reverend director of the school. RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY. St. Joseph's Indian Normal School. ^ — This interesting school was erected in 1888, at cost of $20,000, by the venerable Mother Catherine Drexel. for the exclusive use of Catholic Indian chil- dren of this northwestern territory. It consists of one main build- ing, with workshop attached, and is a solid structure of stone and brick, in the form of a square, 80 x 85 feet. It rises three stories above a fine stone basement and affords accommodations for 100 (526r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. boys. At present there are si.xty-four liulicin bo}S in the instituticjii under the care of four priests of the order of the Most Precious Blood, with Reverend Andrew Gietl as director. These boys are daily instructed in all the branches of a common English education, and at stated times, according to their age and progress in school, are taught useful trades in the adjoining workshops. The first teachers were Revs. Fr. Willard and Florian, Hahn, C. PP. S. The school is supposed by quarterly appropriations, per capita, from the United States government, and its doors are open to all Catholic Indian boys sent by the government. ST. JOHN, LAKE COUNTY. St. John's School. — The first Catholic school in this town was established over thirty-live years ago. The building is a two-story frame structure on the opposite side of the road from the church, directly east of it, and has its main entrance on the west side. It contains two well ventilated and well furnished school-rooms, and has seating capacity for lOO children. At present the enrolment is 140 pupils taught by four secular teachers. Many of the children live in the vicinity of the school, but several attend from a distance of three miles. The present reverend pastor of the congregation is Rev. A. Heitmann. SCHERERVILLE, LAKE COUNTY. St. Michael's School is a one-story frame building, 60 x 24 feet, was erected in 1868 at a cost of $1,200, and contains two well furnished school-rooms, with a seating capacity for 100 chil- dren. The present enrolment of pupils is fifty-three, taught by two Sisters of the Sacred Heart. Many of the pupils live a distance of five miles from the school, while others have their homes in the immediate vicinity. The average yearly outla}- for the school is about $1,200, a part of which is taken from the church funds, the balance being supplied from the district school fund. The average cost per pupil is about $12.50. The present reverend pastor and the people of St. Michael's parish hope to erect and to support a school of their own within a short time — a school that will be entirely Catholic. The value of the dwelling house now occupied 32 (,527) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY by the Sisters is $600. Rev. \V. Berg is the present pastor of St. Michael's congregation. SHELDON, ALLEN COUNTY. St. Aloysius School is located in Pleasant township, about a mile and one-half northeast of the town of Sheldon, on the so- called Bluffton road, and is about ten miles south of Fort Wayne. It is built on a lot of ground containing four acres, of which one and one-fourth acres are in use for a graveyard, together with the church, pastoral residence and Sisters' dwelling house. The first school-house was a small frame building erected, in 1867, by Rev. William Woeste, and was used for school purposes only during two or three months of each year. It was then in charge of a secular teacher employed by the reverend Father who attended the mission. On October 17, 1876, a regular parochial school was opened by Rev. F. Koerdt, with an attendance of thirty-eight pupils. This reverend Father, realizing that the school is the foundation of the church, gave himself with admirable self-sacrifice to the humble task of teaching it for two years. When called out of the school-room to attend to parochial work, he was replaced by Master Gottlieb Schmoll, a talented young boy of fourteen, from St. Paul's school. Fort Wayne. In 1879, the school was taught by Joseph Kenning. During the next three years Robert Gruber had charge of it. In January, 1883, on the last day of the month, the school passed into the hands of the Sisters of St. Agnes, of Fond du Lac, Wis. The present new school-house was erected in 1882, at a cost of $3,000. The corner-stone was laid on August loth and it was dedicated November 6th of the same year, Right Rev. Mgr. Benoit, vicar- general of the diocese, performing the ceremony. It is a two- story stone and brick structure, 30x40 feet, and contains two large rooms, the one on the second floor being used as a hall for sodality and other parochial meetings. The school would accom- modate I 50 pupils, but the parish being small, forty families, the pupils enrolled number thirty-eight boys and thirty-three girls, but bad roads and distance from school frequently cause absence. The (528r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. old building was remodeled in the fall of 1882, and is now a cozy dwelling house for the teachers, of whom there are three. Their revenue is derived from pew rent and frc^n the contributions of St. Joseph's society, whose members pay $4 per year as fee of membership. This arrangement makes the school free to all chil- dren of the parish. The school-house is worth $4,000, the teach- ers' dwelling is valued at $800, and the one acre of ground at $100. K. J. Denk is the present reverend director of the school. SOUTH BEND, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. St. Joseph's School. — The first school-house erected in St, Joseph's parish was built in 1852 by Very Rev. Father Sorin, C. S. C. , at a cost of about $1,800. The first teachers were Sister Misericorde, Sister Peter, Sister St. John, Sister Eleanora and Sister Faustina for the girls, and Brothers Raymond, Daniel, Romuald and Philip for the boys. All these religieuses were mem- bers of the Holy Cross order. Up to 1868 there were two separate schools, one for boys and one for girls. In that year the schools were united and taught by the Sisters. In 1881 another attempt was made to have a separate school for boys, but after a few years the project was abandoned. The present school-house is a two- story brick building. 55.\55 feet, erected in 1885 at a cost of $5,500, and later an addition 28x32 feet was built. This school- house contains four school-rooms with a total seating capacity for 270 children, but the present enrolment is 156 boys and 166 girls, under Sisters of the Holy Cross. The building is held in trust by the Sisters and kept in order by them. Rev. Nicholas J. Stoffel, C. S. C, is the present reverend director of the school. St. Mary's School. — The first school in St. Mary's parish was opened by Miss Hannah Jaminet, in the little room that now serves as the sacristy of the church. In 1888 a frame building 28 X 50 feet was erected; in 1891 a second story was added, which gave two additional school-rooms. In 1884 the school was placed in charge of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and since that time the number of pupils has increased from twenty-seven to an attendance of 246 children, and four Sisters are constantly occupied in the (529) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY school. The seating capacity is for 250 children. The expenses are derived from tuition fees of fifty cents a month, supplemented by funds from the church. The present value of the school-ground, including the play-ground, is $2,000, and of the building, with appurtenances, $3,500. The present reverend director of the school is the worth}' priest who built it, the Rev. P. Johannes, C. S. C. St. Patrick's School for Boys — The girls of this parish have always attended St. Joseph's academ}', conducted by the Sisters of the Holy Cross. In 1865 a separate school for boys was opened by the Rev. Father Cooney, C. S. C. , in the wing of the old church. In 1872 Rev. D. J. Spillard, C. S. C. , who had succeed- ed Rev. Father Cooney as pastor of the congregation, erected a new frame school-house at a cost of $1,600. This building was removed in 1888 to its present location on South Scott street, 260 feet west of the church, but within the same inclosure. It is a two-story frame structure, 28x30 feet, fronting Scott street, and contains two class-rooms, which have a total seating capacity for 100 children. At present there are eighty boys in attendance, under the control of two teachers. The small bo3's are taught by Miss Sarah O'Neill and the older boys by Brother Romanus, C. S. C. This Brother was preceded in the school by Brothers Aloy- sius, Hilarian, Hilary, Theogine, Justin, Emanuel, Benjamin, Dan- iel, Raymond, Urban and Hubert. The average annual expense for maintaining the school is about $700, paid from the revenue of the church. The annual expense per pupil is nearly $9. At pres- ent the value of the school-ground is about $800, and the value of the school-building with its appurtenances is about $2,000. Rev. J. W. Clarke, C. S. C, is the present reverend director of the school. A new three-story brick school is now in the course of erection, to cost about $14,000. St. Hedwig's School. — The first school-house built in this parish was a frame structure put up in 1877 by Rev. \'al. Czy/.ew- ski, C. S. C, at a cost of $600. Two years later this building was demolished by a storm. Afterward the present site on Napier (530r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. street was purchased and a one-story frame school, 90x32 feet, was built. This gave three rooms, which are still in use. In 1877 the parish had greatly increased, and to meet the demand for more room, a two-story brick school-house, 64x44 feet, was erected at a cost of $7,000. It contains ten class-rooms, and the total seating capacity was 760. Since then this congregation erected a spacious three-story brick structure, 127.^ x 61 feet, with basement, at a cost of about $20,000. The basement has six rooms; the first and second floors have seven rooms each. Of the latter twelve are used as class rooms and two as library and direct- ors' office, respectively. The third floor affords a parish hall with seating capacity for 1,000 persons and contains a beautiful stage. Besides this the schools occupy three rooms in the old frame school. The number of teachers has increased from twelve to fifteen, and the pupils from 721 to 1,017. This rapidly growing school is under the direction of Rev. A. Zubowitcz. TEKKE COUPEE, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. St. Stanislaus School. — ^This congregation is small, composed mainly of poor people. The want of means prevents the erection of a school-house. Knowing, however, the value of Christian edu- cation, the pastor, Rev. George Kolesinski, employs a lay teacher and pro tempore has the children taught in the parish church. The children pay a monthly tuition fee. The school is attended by fifty children, thirty boys and twenty girls. The pastor hopes that it may not be many years before the means may be obtained to erect a proper structure that may accommodate the little ones of this rural district. TIPTON, TIPTON COUNTY. St. John's School, erected in 1885 at a cost of $4,500, is a two-story brick edifice, and consists of a main portion, 65 x 35 feet, and a wing, 34 x 24 feet, extending to the rear. It contains three class-rooms and a hall, 65 x 35 feet. The school has a seating capacity for 200 children, and the present number of pupils in attendance is 168, and these are under the instruction of six Sis- ters of St. Joseph. Many of these children live in the vicinity of A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY the school, but some attend from a distance of five miles. The rate of tuition is sixty-five cents a month. The present value of the school-ground, including play-ground is $7,000, and of the school, with its appurtenances $5,500. At present the reverend director of the school is Rev. A. J. Kroeger. TURKEY CREEK, LOTTAVILLE P. (). , LAKE COUNTY. This parish has not a school of its own. The children in the vicinity are ail Catholic and a Catholic lay teacher is employed. The pastor manages to teach Christian doctrine by calling it Ger- man or Bible reading. The teacher must use the public-school books, and follow the public-school program and system in leach- ing. There are at present forty-six children, twenty-six boys and twenty girls, attending this school. The pastor greatly regrets this deplorable condition, but cannot carry on an entire Catholic school with only forty families, as long as other larger parishes are satisfied with such schools. Rev. Charles V. Stetter, D. D., is the present reverend director. UNION CITY, RANDOLPH COUNTY. St. Mary's School was erected, in 1875, by Rev. J. H. Quin- lan, at a cost of $3,000. It is a two-story brick structure, 70 x 40 feet, with two class-rooms which have a seating capacity for 170 children. In addition to other appurtenances, the school is in possession of a valuable library of 400 volumes, which the pupils may use as books of reference or supplementary reading. The school has been in charge of Sisters of the Holy Cross since its establishment, and at present three of these religie :ses are occupied there in teaching ninety-two pupils, of whom forty-one are boys. The annual expense per pupil is about $7.70. At present the chief source of income for the school is an endowment of $5,000, which yields a yearly interest of $400; the balance required to complete the amount of expenditure is taken from the church funds, the school being free. The present value of the school-ground, including a spacious play-ground, is about $1,000. The value of the school building, with its appurtenances, is $4,000; and the value of the teachers' (532)~ IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. residence, erected by the congregation, is $1,200. Rev. F. A. King is the present reverend director of the school. VAT.PAKAISd, PORTIiR COUNTY. St. Paul's School was erected in 1864 or 1865, by Rev. M. O'Reilly, at a cost of about $3,000. It is a two-story brick build- ing, 40x60 feet, and when first opened was taught by Mrs. K. Harrold and Prof. Murphy. They were succeeded by Miss E. A. Collins and Mr. Noll, afterwards Rev. Father Noll, who died in 1880, pastor of St. Mary's church, LaFayette. In 1872 the school for girls and the primary class of boys were placed in charge of the Sisters of Providence. For a number of years the boys" grammar school was taught by Prof. Sullivan, but within the past few years the entire charge of the school has been transferred to the Sisters. The building contains four class-rooms, and has seating capacity for 200 children. Owing to the removal of families from Valparaiso, the number of pupils attending the school is not so large as formerly. The present enrolment is forty-five boys and eighty-five girls, taught by five Sisters of Providence. The expenses are derived from tuition fees from the pupils, at an average rate of fifty cents a month, from those who can pay. The present value of the school-ground, including play-ground, is $1,800, and of the school-building, with appurtenances, $3,600. The house occupied by the Sisters belongs to them. The present reverend director of the school is Very Rev. Louis A. Moench. WANATAH, LAPORTE COUNTY. Holy Guardian Angel School is a two- story frame school- house, 20x24 feet, and was erected, in 1890, by Rev. Dominic Shunk, C. PP. S., at a cost of $1,000. Although small, it is a ' neat building, of two rooms, with seating capacity for sixty chil- dren. At present but one room is in use, as the number of pupils does not exceed forty — equally divided, twenty boys and twenty girls — under the tuition of one Sister of the Most Precious Blood. A remarkable feature of this school is that, when it was first opened, it was attended mostly by non-Catholic children, who ~l533j A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY have since embraced our holy faith with an ardor that promises a pious Cathohc Hfe in later years. After first holy communion the pupils are not retained, as there are no boarding accommodations for them in the building, and many of the children drive to school every day from a distance of eight miles. The average annual outlay for this school is about $500, which amount is taken from the funds of the church, the school being free to the children of pew holders; others are charged a tuition fee of fifty cents a month. The average expense per pupil is $12.50 a year. The present value of the ground, one acre, used for school purposes, is $2,000, and the value of the building, with its appurtenances, is $3,000. The house occupied by the Sisters belongs to the congregation, and is worth $600. Rev. Adam Buchheit is the present reverend director of the school. WHITING, LAKE COUNTY. St. Michael's School is conducted under the auspices of the church of the Sacred Heart, of which Rev. M. J. Bryne was the pastor. Two years ago a residence was built for Sisters, including one large class-room for advanced scholars at a cost of $2,000. Fire having destroyed the old frame school-building April, 1897, a a new two-story brick structure, 72 x 38, was erected, at a cost of $3,500. On the first floor this building contains three large class- rooms and corridor, furnished with all modern improvements. A large exhibition hall on the second floor is used for entertainments at present, but will be converted into class-rooms as soon as needed. Five teachers of the order of the Sisters of Providence daily impart knowledge to 204 pupils, 103 boys and loi girls. The school is in admirable working order, and while not quite self- supporting is nearly so. Support is raised by a monthly tuition fee. Father M. J. Byrne was the reverend director until trans- ferred to the cathedral last August (1898), when he was replaced by Rev. Charles H. Thiele. WINAMAC, PULASKI COUNTY. St. Peter's School is a one-story frame building, 40 x 28 feet. It was built in 1872 by Rev. T. Wittmer, C. PP. S., and contains (534r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA, but one school-room, with a seating capaicty of sixty cliildren, although at present its enrolment numbers seventy-two. Sisters of the Most Precious Blood have had charge of the school since its organization in 1872, and at present two Sisters are engaged in the class-room. The annual outlay for the school, including the salary of its teachers, is $450, which amount is furnished by the congregation, the school being free; and the average annual expense for each pupil is $5.50. The present value of the school-ground is $200 and of the building, $800. The house occupied by the teachers is their own property. The present reverend director of the school is Rev. J. Uphaus. (535) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER XV. THE HIGHER ORDER OF CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF INDIANA — ACADEMIES — COLLEGES UNIVERSITIES, ETC. IN order to preserve the typographical consistency of this work on CathoHcity in Indiana, the higher class of Catholic educa- tional institutions in Indiana are arranged here in the same manner in which are arranged the parochial schools in the preceding chapter. INDIANAPOLIS, MARION COUNTY. St. Mary's Academy, at Indianapolis, Ind., is situated on East Maryland street. No. 113, between Pennsylvania and Delaware streets, about three squares from the Union depot. This location makes it convenient of access, and is still so far removed from the business part of the city as to possess the quiet requisite for a placa of its kind. The building is new and commodious, and well adapted for educational purposes. It is also spacious and affords ample accommodations for fifty boarders and 300 day scholars. The utmost care and attention are devoted to health and com- fort. In case of sickness, parents or guardians are immediately informed, a physician is summoned, and every alleviation which kindness can suggest bestowed. The academy being under the charge of the Sisters of St. Francis, the moral and religious training of the youthful minds confided to them is of paramount importance. Difference of creed forms no obstacle of admission, but, to maintain order, all the pupils are required to be present at the public religious exercises. The religious opinions of non-Catholic pupils are not interfered with; their normal training alone is taken into consideration. The discipline is mild, but vigilant and energetic, and every effort is (536) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. made to qualify the pupil to occupy, in after life, the respective stations assigned them by the Divine Controller of human destinies in such a manner as to secure personal happiness and the comfort of those by whom they are surrounded, and above all, to win the approbation of the Omnipotent Judge and Rewarder. General deportment is the subject of unremitting care. The pupils are taught to avoid all that is rude, and if found insubordinate, un- truthful and disrespectful to teachers, and remain incorrigible after due admonition, become liable to expulsion from the academy. The course of study is thorough, comprehensive and practical, embracing all the branches of a solid and accomplished education. All who enter the academy are expected to take the regular aca- demic, business, musical or artistic course, unless for cogent rea- sons the partial course, consisting of special studies, be desired. The classes are so arranged that pupils advanced in some, but deficient in other branches, may perfect themselves in whatever they are defective without losing their rank in the grade to which their general scholarship entitles them. St. Mary's is certainly well deserving of the patronage of the public. Catholic and non-Catholic, and parents and guardians can rest assured that all pupils placed in this institution will be gradu- ated pure in spirit and fitted for the practical duties of life, as well as for the adornment of society. LAFAYETTE, TIPPECANOE COUNTS'. St. Ignatius Academy. — This is a beautiful three-story brick structure adjoining St. Mary's church on the west. It occupies a commanding situation in tastefully laid out grounds, and has all the latest improvements for the successful prosecution of educa- tional work. Besides an academy for advanced grades, it also contains the classes of the parochial school for girls. To sum- marize: Grades, eleven; pupils, 135; average daily attendance. 115; teachers. Sisters of Providence; time of school, ten months in the year; terms in year, four; free days (exclusive of Saturdays and holy days of obligation). Thanksgiving day, Washington's birth- day, St. Patrick's day and Decoration day; course of instruction: "(537) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Christian doctrine, sacred history, singing, penmanship, spelHng, reading, geography, United States history, grammar, bookkeeping, church history, physiology, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, ancient history, modern history, physical geography, natural philosophy. The volumes in the, library number 165. LOGANSPOKT, CASS COUNTY. In 1863 Rev. George Hamilton, pastor of St. Vincent de Paul's church, Logansport, applied to the mother-house of the Sisters of Holy Cross, Notre Dame, Ind., for Sisters to open a boarding and day school in a large brick building, situated on the corner of Market and Second streets. The first Sisters who came here were Sister Alphonsus, supe- rior, accompanied by Sisters Mildred, Colette and Felicity. They opened with a good school, boys and girls being taught in the same building. They were not here long until the parents of the children began to appreciate the good work that was being accom- plished in the minds and souls of the little ones, and their grate- ful hearts went out in sympathy to pastor and teachers. In 1 87 1 the Sisters purchased a beautiful building on the cor- ner of Ninth street and Broadway; said building was the begin- ning of the Holy Angels' academy, which opened September 4, 1 87 1. This institution comprises four departments, primary, junior, preparatory and senior. The course of study combines the solidity of the scientific and literary pursuits, with those light and more graceful accom- plishments which throw a charm over domestic life and contribute so essentially to elevate the form of society at large. Many of the Sisters who came to Logansport in the 'sixties have passed to their eternal reward, but the good work they began goes nobly on, and Holy Angels' academy sends forth from her secluded halls young ladies of every denomination, whose talents and virtues speaks volumes for their alma mater, and for the suc- cessful efforts of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, who were the pio- neer teachers and prime movers in educational matters in northern Indiana, beginning far back in the 'forties, and to-day Holy Angels' academy holds the position of being"one of the leading JEmT UNIVERSITY O NOTRE 1 NO! ME, 1 yo NOTRE DAME, VIE, IND. IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. academies in the state — teachinir within her h.ilk evervthinL'' taught in the best high schools. NOTRE DAME, ST. JOSEPH COUNTY. The University of Notre Dame du Lac in St. Joseph county, Ind., is so vast in its scope as an institution of learning, both in its curriculum and its architectural adjuncts and adornments, that but a meager description can be offered to the reader in so compend- ious a work as the History of Catholicity in Indiana, and. there- fore, the following paragraphs will consist of matter statistical and chronological rather than descriptive or didactic. The congregation of the Holy Cross had its origin in the city of Mans, France, and was founded by the Abbe Moreau, who soon afterward absorbed the society known as the Brothers of St. foseph, which had been founded by Father Dujarier, a survivor of the French revolution. Father Edward Sorin, who was born near Laval, France, February 6, 1814, became one of the earliest mem- bers of the new congregation of the Holy Cross (C. S. C); he had listened to the burning words of the sainted Brute, later the first bishop of Vincennes, when that divine was on a visit to France, appealing for missionary aid for the wilds of Indiana, and, accord- ingly, when Bishop Hailandiere. the successor of Bishop Brute, made an application to Father Moreau for volunteers for the Indi- ana missions. Father Sorin at once offered himself. With him four professed Brothers and two novices also volunteered. This band of seven left the mother house at Mans, August 5, 1841; on the 8th left Havre, as steerage passengers, to practice evangelical poverty and to save money for the new mission, and September 13 entered the bay of New York. The venerable Bishop Dubois, of New York, received the little band with fatherly affection, and after it had rested three days it started for Vincennes, and, after a journey of twenty-five days, reached its destination on the second Sunday in October. For over a year the community was located at St. Peter's, about twenty-seven miles from Vincennes, in Daviess county, and within this time eight accessions were made to the order. It had been in contemplation to erect a college at this point, but, as there was already a Catholic college at Vincennes. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY the bishop demurred and offered the community a tract of land he owned on the St. Joseph river, provided a college should be erected thereon within two years. After due consideration of the proposal the Brothers decided to accept, and November 16, 1842, Father Sorin, with seven of the Brothers, set out for the new location; after traveling through the wilderness, in bitterly cold weather, they stood on the ice-bound shore of lake St. Mary, November 26, enchanted with the marvelous beauties of the scene of their future labors. The ground was historic. Here had labored a Badin, a Deseille, a Petit; and over 200 years prior to the arrival of Father Sorin hundreds of Indians had been converted to the Catholic faith, and of the descendants of these Christianized aborigines hundreds were found still living in the St. Joseph region at the time of the arrival of Father Sorin. The total amount of money at the command of the young community, on its arrival at the lakes, was $1,500. A plan had been prepared, under Bishop de la Hailandiere, for the erection of a brick building, 40 x 160 feet, in shape like the letter H, and 60,- 000 feet of lumber, 250,000 brick, and the necessary lime, were ordered, to be on the spot in the spring; but the urgent need was a building for immediate use. Accordingly, material and labor were volunteered and a log structure, 24x46 feet, was erected, in December, but was not blessed until St. Joseph's day, March 19, 1 843. But this building was needed for other purposes than a chapel, and a second story was added as a dormitory for the Sisters, who were expected to arrive from France the same spring, to take charge of the domestic department of the university, and a little Indian chapel, erected by Father Badin about 1 830, was utilized as a dormitory for the Brothers — but these improvements depleted the exchequer of the community to the extent of $200. The winter of 1842 was the most severe that had ever been experienced in the United States, and the succeeding building season was allowed to pass away by the architect without his attempting to fulfill his contract. The outlay for material, and the expenses for the support of the com- munity, had now completely exhausted the exchequer, but it was determined upon that the erection of some kind of a brick building must be made, and the result was a square house, now known as (544r IN THE STATK OF INDIANA. the Farm house, at the edge of the lake. This served for collegi- ate purposes for nearly a year, the first pupil being Ale.xis Cof]uil- lard, afterward the wealthy wagonmaker of South Bend. The terms per quarter for students were fixed at $i8, for tuition, board, washing and mending. The second colony of the Congregation of the Holy Cross sailed from France June 6, 1843, under the charge of Rev. Francis Cointet, and with him Fathers Marivault and Gouesse, and one Brother and four Sisters. The time of Father Cointet was about equally divided between his classes and his labors with the Indians, and as an illustration of the simple manners and the poverty of the Fathers in that day, it may be mentioned that Fathers Sorin and Cointet had but one hat and one pair of boots between them. But their souls were in the work, and their constancy never weakened. Father Cointet, however, perished in the cholera epi- demic of 1854. August 24, 1843, the architect and two workmen arrived from Vincennes, but, as funds had been exhausted, the question of com- mencing work on the college-building proper was a question of serious debate. However, Father Marivault offered to draw for $1,200 due him from his family in France; Samuel Byerle}', a mer- chant at South Bend, offered a credit of $2,000 at his store, beside a loan of $500 in cash, and, thus encouraged, the work was begun. August 28, 1843, the corner-stone was laid, and by December 20 the walls were up and the building under cover. The next season the interior work was finished. This building was the cross-mark in the ground-plan of the letter H, or the handle of a "double headed hammer, " was four stories high, 80x36 feet, and was all the community could afford to build from the original design. To this new edifice the students were at once removed from the structure on the lake shore, and in August following (1844) the closing exercises 01 the first year took place. In Jan- uary, 1844, Hon. John D. Defrees, member of the legislature from St. Joseph county, secured a charter for the university, enabling it to confer the usual degrees upon its graduates, and thus the uni- versity of Notre Dame, now one of the most famous institutions of learning in the Union, became a legal entity. "(545) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY In May, 1844, the corner-stone of the Chapel of the Novitiate on the " Island " was laid and blessed, and at its completion was consecrated December 8, and on the same day the Arch Confra- ternity, the oldest religious society at Notre Dame, was solemnly established. The chapel served as the sanctuary of the commu- nity until 1848, when a new brick church was consecrated. In Sep- tember, 1844, the annual course of study in the college proper may be said to have begun, and August i, 1845, at the commence- ment, a poor orphan boy, of Philadelphia, named Haquin, carried off first honors, thus showing the impartiality of the faculty, who gave no consideration to the financial standing of the students, but rewarded merit alone. The faculty comprised Father Sorin, presi- dent; Father Alexis Granger, vice-president; Father Cointet, pro- fessor of ancient languages; Father Gouesse, music; Brother Gatien, mathematics; Rev. E. Shawe, rhetoric; Gardner Jones, English composition; Denis O'Leary, Brother Basil, Father Shortis, Prof. Girac and Prof. Burns, general tutors. The first catalogue of students was issued in 1848, and the commencement took place July 4. Among the premiums awarded on that occa- sion was one to Thomas Lafontaine, of Huntington, Ind., a son of the chief of the Miamis, and among the students were the names of attendants from Indiana. Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania. At the commencement of 1849 was graduated the first bachelor of arts — Neal H. Gillespie, who was ordained priest in 1856. The second catalogue was printed in 1850, at South Bend, and bore on its title-page the imprint of S. Colfax — the Schuyler Colfax who afterward became speaker of the national house of representatives and later vice-president of the United States. The manual labor school of the college was also chartered by the legislature in 1844, and was secured through the kindly offices of Representative Defrees, and in this were and are given lessons in carpentry, cabinetmaking, blacksmithing, shoemaking. tailoring, bricklaying, gardening, farming and various other industries. The dense forest within the grounds of the original college tract has been cleared away by the Brothers, save on the margin of the lakes, where the native groves are preserved, the cleared space (546) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. being now devoted to agriculture and ornamented pleasure grounds. In the meadow between the lakes rises the island, of early days, now called Mount St. Vincent, and here stands the hospital and the normal school for the Brothers of the community, on the site of the former novitiate. A continuous native grove embraces both lakes, with the meadow and Mount St. Vincent between, and within this grove is nestled Holy Cross seminary. In 1 85 1, the Lake Shore railroad was completed to South Bend, and soon afterward to Chicago, and to-day no less than five trunk lines connect, via South Bend, the university with the out- side world, facilitating the coming and going of the constantly increasing number of students at this now classical university. In 1 85 1, also, Notre Dame was given a post-office through the kind interposition of the then great statesman, Henry Clay. In 1853, the number of students had so increased that it became necessary to complete the two wings of the "double ham- mer," as planned by the original Vincennes architect. These, it was thought, with the connecting college building, would be com- modious enough for a generation to come. But about this time, cholera devastated many parts of the west, and in the summer of 1854 many of the community were attacked by the fell disease, and among the first to succumb was the holy priest, Father Coin- tet. He was followed to the grave by Father Curley, who had been ordained only the year previous, and b}- about twent\- of the community. In September, when the absent students returned from their vacation, the surviving professors had not recovered from their prostration, and, as the college had been used as a hos- pital, it had to be renovated from top to bottom and disinfected, and this work had to be done by the weakened Brothers, who were, in fact, convalescent only. But at last all difficulties were over- come. A strip of land between the lakes and the river, through which the outlets of the lake found their way, and was consequently marshy and malarious and the cause of much sickness, was now purchased by the Brothers from the man who had heretofore refused to sell on better terms, and this strip was drained, the lakes lowered, and the site of the university made one of the most healthy and beautiful in the world. 33 (.547) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Father Sorin had proposed to estabhsh, near the universit}', a young ladies' academy, to be conducted by the Sisters of the Holy Cross, but met with the opposition of his bishop, and in con- sequence this school was fixed in another diocese at Bertrand, Mich., six miles north of Notre Dame, and was completed in 1846. This school later came under the charge of Mother Angela, known to the world as Miss Elize Maria Gillespie, of Washington, D. C, a relative of Hon. Thomas Ewing, secretary of state under Presi- dent W. H. Harrison. Miss Gillespie was also a sister of Father Gillespie, of Notre Dame, but had retired from the vanities of capitoline life, to enter the novitiate of the Sisters of Mercy at Chicago; had stopped at Notre Dame to bid her brother farewell, but was induced to go to France and prepare herself for the charge of the infant community at Bertrand, and after her return was made its superior under the name of Mother Angela. In 1855, the mother house of the Sisters was removed from Bertrand to Notre Dame, one mile we^t of the university, and from St. Mary's academy, as well as from Notre Dame university, schools have been established throughout the country, from Washington, in the east, to San Francisco, in the west. Although bells have always been in use at Notre Dame (the first one is now in the Bishops' Memorial Hall), it was not until 1856 that the present chime of twenty-three bells arrived from France. These bells weigh from fourteen pounds to 1,400 pounds each, and are rung by clock-work. Their position is in the new church of the Sacred Heart, over 100 feet from the earth's surface, and beneath them, in the same tower, swings the great bell, which weighs 17,000 pounds, the sound of which can be heard at a distance of twenty-five miles. In 1858 the northern part of Indiana was erected as a sepa- rate diocese — that of Fort Wayne — and soon after his consecra- tion, the first bishop. Right Rev. John Henry Luers, made a visit to Notre Dame, to the great delight of the community. During the late Civil war, there was not, perhaps, a battle field on which the blood of Notre Dame students was not shed in the Union cause. Numbers of Sisters, led by Mother Angela, served in the hospitals of the south and west, and no less than (MST IN TH1-: STATE OF INDIANA. seven priests went as chaplains in the army, viz: l-'athers Will- iam Corby. Peter P. Cooney, Joseph C. Carrier. Paul Gillen, James Dillon, Joseph Leveque and Bourget. Father Sorin had always encouraged military exercises, and in 1S59 a company was formed, composed of students, denominated the Continental cadets, under William F. Lynch, an excellent tactician, as well as a com- pany of junior students, called the Washington cadets. Almost every member of the Continentals took part in the war. Capt. Lynch became colonel of the Fifty-eighth Illinois infantry, and afterward a brigadier-general, was wounded while in command in the southwest, and died from his injury a few years later. Rob- ert W. Healey, another soldier-student, also attained the rank of general. November 3, 1863. there was great rejoicing at Notre Dame, as 230 students had registered. When the enlarged college- edifice of 1853 had been erected, to accommodate 200 students, it was thought it would serve for many years to come; but now, ten years later, were 230. Later 300, 400. and even 500, pressed for adm'ssion; every inch of space in the college and its adjunctive buildings, including Washington hall, was utilized for tuition purposes, and accordingly, in 1865, preparations were made to demolish the old and to erect a new college, a full description of which will be given in paragraphs yet to follow, as it is here necessary to interject a few words relative to the second president of the university — Father Patrick Dillon. A young man of twenty- six years. Father Patrick (as he was called, in order to distinguish him from his brother. Father James, mentioned above as a chap- lain afterward in the army), became vice-president of the uni- versity in 1858, and in 1865 Father Sorin was well content to leave the management of affairs in hands so capable; consequently Father Dillon became the second president of the university. Aided by Prof. Lucius G. Tong and Prof. J. A. Lyons, he first developed, or added, the commercial to the classical course of the college, and, later, with the aid of Rev. Joseph C. Carrier, he estab- lished the scientific course, and supplemented the degrees in arts with the degree of bachelor of science and master of science — the first graduate with the degree ot bachelor of science, in 1865, "T549J A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY being John Cassidy, afterward prominent as a physician of South Bend. The study of medicine, at this time, was also introduced. Rev. Father Neyron, who had been a surgeon in Napoleon's army before he became a priest, being placed at the head of this depart- ment. Reverting, now, to the new college-building, let it be said that President Dillon, in June, 1865, demolished most of the old and finished the new in May following. The new building, Sox 160 feet, and six stories in height, was dedicated May 31, by Arch- bishop Spalding, of Baltimore, assisted by five bishops and numerous priests. Father Dillon, soon after the dedication, went to France, where he passed two years, and on his return to America filled for a short time the pastorate of St. Patrick's church in Chicago, and died, after a short illness, November 15, 1868. Following Father Dillon, in August, 1872, came Father Will- iam Corby, as president, and Father Augustus Lemonnier, as vice- president, of Notre Dame university — the latter being a nephew of Father Sorin and both having been prefects of discipline under Father Dillon. Father Corby, the apostle of the field of Gettys- burg, whose absolution was given to thousands who found but a lew hours later their habiliments of war their winding-sheets, was decorated in 1893 with a medal of honor by the state of New York as a Gettysburg veteran. During his administration the number of students increased and the courses of study were re-arranged and placed on a par with those of the oldest eastern colleges. June 27, 1868, saw the adoption of the constitution and by-laws of the society of the Alumni of Notre Dame, first suggested by Francis C. Bigelow, a graduate of 1862. The officers elected were: President, Rev. Neil H. Gillespie; first vice-president, Francis C. Bigelow, of Dayton, Ohio; second vice-president, James B. Runnion, of Chicago; treasurer, Prof. Joseph A. Lyons; secretary. Prof. Michael T. Corby; orator, Edmund B. Kilroy, of Port Sarnia, Ontario; alternate orator, James O'Brien, of Galena, 111.; poet, Prof. Timothy E. Howard; alternate poet. Prof. Arthur J. Stace. In April, 1869, the local alumni committee resolved that a (550r IN THIi STATE OI" INDIANA. memorial of the silver jubilee, to be celebrated the l(jllowin<; June, should be prepared, and to Father (iillespie was assigned the task of writing a history of Notre Dame up to date; Father Brown, to write biographies; Prof. Stace, sketches of the societies; and to Prof. Lyons was assigned the task of publishing. Not one of these literary gentlemen lived to see the golden jubilee of 1895. During the silver jubilee three preliminary celebrations were had, vi/: The first, October 13, 1868, was that of the patronal feast of Father Sorin, who had been elevated at Rome, in 1868, to the office of superior general of the congregation of the Holy Cross — the first American to attain such dignity; the second, April 27, 1869, was a musical, allegorical and humorous entertainment, and the third, May 22, 1869, was .on the occasion of the return of Father Sorin from France. Literature and oratory had been cultivated at Notre Dame from the beginning, dramatic and debating clubs were formed, and the St. Aloysius Philodemic, the St. Edward Literary and the St. Cecilia Philomathean societies were the chief nurseries of the embryo authors and orators. The first publication by the students was the Notre Dame Literary Gazette, the manuscript of which was destroyed by the misunderstanding of a prefect, and the second undertaking in the way of journalism was the Progress, also a manuscript paper, and originated by John Collins, Francis C. Bigelow, Benjamin B. Barron and John H. Fleming. The only printed copy of this journal was read at the commencement of i860, but when Father Gillespie, the censor, was sent to France, in 1863, the paper gradually languished, and its place was occasionally supplied with such manuscript stieets as the Olympic Gazette, the Weekly Bee, the Two-penny Gazette and others. In May, 1865, Father Sorin established the magazine, Ave Maria, the first two numbers of which were printed in Chicago, and then a new printing-press and type were brought to Notre Dame. This magazine, edited by Father Sorin, attained a circulation of over 20,000 weekly and was distributed over every portion of the world where the English language is spoken. On the return of Father Gillespie from France, in 1866, he was placed in editorial charge and held the position until his lamented death in 1874, when he A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY was succeeded by Rev. Daniel E. Hudson, who has made the Ave Maria the most literary of all our Catholic publications. September 7. I 867, by order of Father Corby, the first number of the Scholastic Year was published, the idea being that it should be printed between the months of September and June only — the scholastic year. The plan was, that a select corps of students, under the supervision of Father Gillespie, was to prepare the matter for the publication, and the first number was in size a little more than a fly leaf to the Ave Maria, to which magazine it was attached. In March, 1868, the editorial supervision was passed to Father Lemonnier, and in August it was detached from the Ave Maria and published as an independent journal. In 1869 the name was changed to that of the Notre Dame Scholastic, was modified, in September, 1872, to the Scholastic, and in September, 1875, restored to its local signifi- cant name of the Notre Dame Scholastic — the name it still bears. So excellent were some of the contributions to the Scholastic that many were selected to appear in an annual, which was conducted from 1876 until t888 by Prof. Lyons, whose death occurred in the year last named. The scientific department of Notre Dame was virtually estab- lished during the presidency of Father Dillon, but it was not until the incumbencies of Presidents Corby and Lemonnier that it became of any great importance. In i S60 the library contained barely 2,000 volumes, chiefly in French and Latin, and the museum contained a small collection of stuffed animals and birds and a few eggs, but these were stored in an ill-lighted hall; there was, however, in this museum, a herbarium of great value, in a scientific point of view, which had been presented by the eminent French botanist, De Cauvin, in 1855. In the spring of 1866 Father Carrier was sent to France on university business, and was cornmissionad to purchase, am ) igst other things, instrumsnts for the cabinet of physics, chemicals for the laboratory and objects of natural history for the museum. The result was that twenty large boxes were received at Notre Dame from Paris, but the contents were not all purchases, as amongst them was a six-inch telescope, presented by Napoleon III, 200- volumes presented by the French government, and numerous church ornaments and sacred vessels (552P IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. presented by the emperor, empress and prince imperial. P'ather Carrier, on his return, spent months in arranging; the Hbrary, museum, etc. ; an observatory was built, a class in botany was organized, a corps of five professors secured, and instruction given in the natural and physical sciences, chemistry, /coology, botany, mineralogy, geology, physiology and comparative anatomy. Early in the 'seventies a thorough course in civil engineering was estab- lished and a partial course in medicine; later, during the 'eighties. Father Walsh, assisted by Fathers Zahm and Kirsch, added courses in applied electricity, mechanical engineering and biology. In February, 1869, Father Corby founded a law department, which was formally opened under the direction of Prof. Colovin, who was assisted, later, by Peter Foote, a lawyer of Chicago, 111., Francis C. Bigelow, of Dayton, Ohio, and Hon. Lucius G. Tong. In 1883 Prof. William Hoynes was placed in charge and the course of study fixed at three years. Moot cases were tried each week and all the formalities of a regular court followed in detail. In 1872 blather Lemonnier, a man of most superior abilities and excellent literary tastes, was selected as the fourth president of Notre Dame university. The most signal feature of his incum- bency was the perfecting of the courses already established and the founding of a school of painting under the celebrated Roman artist, Gregori, and the creation of a circulating library, which now bears his name. He had plans for making Notre Dame the "Catholic university of America, but his administration lasted two years only, as his lamented death took place October 29, 1874. Rev. Patrick J. Colovin, vice-president of the university under Father Lemonnier, during the latler's last sickness, acted as presi- dent and director of studies. He then became the fifth president and held the position until 1877. He was a ripe scholar and a most eloquent speaker. In 1877 Father Colovin and Father Corby changed places, the former taking charge of Watertown, Wis., where Father Corby had officiated for five years, during which time he founded the college of the Sacred Heart and built a large brick church, and thus Father Corby again became presi- dent, with Rev. Thomas E. Walsh as vice-president and director of studies. One of the first cares of the new administration was to A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY improve the facilities for athletic exercises, which had, however, been carefully cultivated from a very early day, although the first boat-club race inaugurated by Father Lemonnier did not take place until 1870. Baseball and football were also introduced, and now a campus of twenty-five or thirty acres is set apart for these games. A terrible disaster befell the college on the morning of Wed- nesday, April 23, 1879, when about eleven o'clock fire was discovered issuing from the roof of the administration hall, and so rapid was its progress that five other buildings in connection with the institution were destroyed, each with its priceless treasures — the unfinished church of the Sacred Heart, the old frame printing- office, Washington hall, and the domestic departments alone escaping. The fire department from South Bend, as weH as many citizens, were at the scene as quickly as possible, but could only aid in removing many articles of furniture, paintings, valuable papers, etc., from the rooms of the professors, but the buildings were doomed. The cause of this disaster was never satisfactorily accounted for. The venerable Father Sorin, now in his sixty-sixth year, was at or near Monteral, Canada, preparing to cross the Atlantic ocean for about the fifteenth time. Father Corby, fearing that » the evil news would prove fatal to the venerable founder, tele- graphed to the superiors in Canada to keep it from him until the arrival of Professor Edwards, who would break it to him with gentleness and diplomacy. With all the care taken the shock was almost more than Father Sorin could bear. He instantly returned to his beloved institution. On the way home his mind was diverted from the calamity to future improvements. He com- menced to draw plans, and when he saw the great work to be done he seemed to recover his youth again. Uninterrupted activity that seized upon every source of aid actuated him. Before the com- ing September President Corby, according to a promise made by him to the students, had erected upon the ruins a building far superior to the old one. The present edifice is of the neogothic style of architecture, four stories high, in shape like the letter T, and sur- mounted with a magnificent dome. The interior is decorated by (554r IN THE STATE OI'^ INDIANA. Liiigi Gregori, an Italian artist, with frescoes illustrating the lite of Colunibus, and the vestibule with full-length figures of Columbus and Queen Isabella, from authentic portraits, as well as other his- toric characters and scenes. The inner surface of the dome is also decorated allegorically by the hand of Gregori. The paintings were completed and the dome opened .with appropriate ceremonies, May 29, 1890, Bishop Keane delivering a masterly oration. The building is supplied with every modern convenience, and rooms and halls assigned to every department of knowledge known to the higher class of universities, with every appliance and apparatus necessary for the successful prosecution of each and every study. To return to the chronological continuity ot the presidential succession at Notre Dame, it is necessary to explain that Rev. Thomas E. Walsh, the sixth president, assumed the functions of this high office in i88(. He had been vice-president and director of studies during the last term of President Corby, and was barely past twenty-eight years of age when he became president. He was a ripe scholar, a gentleman of superior natural endowments, and possessed of broad views and a comprehensive scope of mind. During his administration two small wings were added to the prin- cipal college-building, and in 1882 St. Edward's hall, for the use of the minims, was erected. June 30, 1883, the corner-stone of Science hall was laid by the Right Rev. John Watterson, bishop of Columbus. This corner-stone is a mineral curiosity, being a con- glomerate, containing lucid and colored quartz pebbles, was pro- cured in northern Michigan, and was donated by Dr. John Cassidy, the first graduate from the university in the scientific course. Under President Walsh, also, were erected in the front of Soren hall a dormitory for advanced students, the Mechanics' hall, or institute of technology, and astronomical observatory. Mention may here be made of the dimensions and finish of the principal buildings completed under the direction of Father Corby and Father Walsh. The main building is 320x155 feet, is constructed of cream-col- ored brick, and the dome is gilded with pure gold-leaf, surmounted with a massive statue of the Blessed Virgin, the head of which is crowned with electric-light stars — 207 feet above the face of the earth. Music hall, or academy of music, with its Washington A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY hall, is I /OX lOO feet, and is a little over lOO feet in height. It is octagonal in form, the acoustic properties are unusually good, the gallery seats 500, and the parterre 700 persons, and the stage is ample for all purposes, the whole being lighted by electricity. Sorin hall is 144 x i 12 feet, and is the residence of the advanced classes, who have private rooms without additional cost, and also contains the law lecture room, court room, law library, etc. Science hall, 104x131 feet, divided into two compartments, is replete with every accessory, and Mechanics' hall equipped in full with all implements and tools necessary to the acquirement of technology. The astronomical observatory comprises a revolving dome, with a transit instrument and computing rooms in which are smaller instruments, works of reference, etc., and in the second floor a complete gymnasium. The infirmary is a building 200x45 feet, and is properly supplied with physicians, nurses, medicines, etc., and the whole group of buildings is so arranged as to form a harmonious front. Since 1883 Prof. J. F. Edwards, the director of the Bishops' Memorial hall, has been exerting his best energies towards found- ing the Catholic archives of America, and building a Catholic ref- erence library, with what success, the whole country knows. Thousands of volumes, thousands of pamphlets and thousands of precious manuscripts have already been collected and placed on the shelves and in the vaults of one of the finest historical collec- tions in America. Connected with the Bishops' Memorial hall is a magnificent museum, containing many thousands of precious souvenirs and relics of historic interest, besides a gallery of histor- ical portraits unequaled this side of the Atlantic. All these articles have already found a fitting home in the magnificent collection of apartments known as the Bishops' Memorial hall. Thousands of dollars hnve been spent for oil-paintings, manuscripts, books, frames for pictures, etc.. etc., and valuable contributions of relics and documents have been received from nearly all the dis- tinguished prelates, priests and laymen of America. The year 1888 was made memorable by the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the ordination of Father Sorin to the priest- hood, but the ceremonies were too elaborate for description in this {556r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. vcjluiiie. In May, 1S91, he made his last trip to Kurope, accom- panied by Father Zahm, but his \'isit was of short duration. In 1892 he took a trip to the Atlantic coast for the benefit of his fail- ing health. February 6, 1893, he entered upon the eightieth year of his holy life. In the spring of the same year President Walsh visited Texas, partly on business and partly for the improvement of his health, which a trip to France had failed to restore, but on his return frotn the south his health was still impaired. At the close of the season he went to Wisconsin to seek relief, and found it, alas ! at the hand of death, July 17th, and in October following Father Sorin also passed away. In accordance with the expressed wish of Father Walsh, Rev. Andrew Morrissey was named as his successor, and, with the sanc- tion of the venerable founder, became the seventh president of Notre Dame, and no choice for the office could have better pleased the inmates. He had been at the university since the twelfth year of his age and was thoroughly imbued with the spirit of its founder. The following list completes the roster of presidents of this noble institution to date: Father Edward Sorin, founder, from 1842 to 1865; Father Patrick Dillon, from 1865 to 1866; Father William Corby, from 1866 to 1872; Father Augustus Le- monnier, from 1872 to 1874; Father Patrick J. Colovin, from 1874 to 1877; Father William Corby, again, from 1877 to 1881; Father Thomas E. Walsh, from 1881 to 1893; Father Andrew Morrissey, from 1893 to the present time (1898). During the same time, the vice-presidents and directors of study have been as follows: Father Alexis Granger, from 1844 to 1 851; Father Francis Cointet, from 1851 to 1852; Father Richard Shortis, from 1852 to 1856; Father Neil H. Gillespie, from 1856 to 1858; Father Patrick Dillon, from 1858 to 1859; Father James M. Dillon, from 1859 to i860; Father Neil H. Gillespie, again, from i860 to 1863; Father Patrick Dillon, again, from 1863 to 1865; Father William Corby, from 1865 to 1866; Father Augustus Lemonnier, from 1866 to 1872; Father Michael B. Brown, from 1872 to 1874; Fathers J. M. Toohey and P. J. Colovin. from 1874 to 1875; Father John A. O'Connell, from 1875 to 1876; Father John A. Zahm (present provincial, of whom a personal sketch is "(557) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY given in Vol. II, page 1426), from 1876 to 1877; Father Thomas E. Walsh, from 1877 to 1881; Father J. M. Toohey, from 1881 to 1885; Father John A. Zahm, again, from 1885 to 1886; Father Andrew Morrissey, from 1886 to 1887; Father John A. Zahm, again, from 1887 to 1891; Father Andrew Morrissey, again, from 1 89 1 to 1893; Father James French, from 1893 up to the present. Many times has Xotre Dame been called upon to mourn for the loss of her gifted priests and brothers: In 1854, when Father Cointet and nearly twenty other members of the order died; in 1868, when Father Patrick and Father James M. Dillon died; in 1874, when Father Lemonnier and Father Gillespie died; and finally, in 1893, when Father Walsh, Father Granger and the ven- erable founder himself, Father Sorin, died. Thanks, however, to the gracious protection of Heaven, the congregation and the uni- versity, so well planned, so wisely guarded and guided, continued to flourish as before. The works of man perish; those of God endure. So is it with Notre Dame, under the guardian care of Father Morrissey, president of the university; and so will it ever be so long as the spirit of the holy founder continues to guide the counsels of Notre Dame. Under Father Morrissey's administration the completion of the work laid out by his predecessors goes on. Washington hall has been beautifully frescoed, wings have been added to Sorin hall and a magnificent gymnasium, 240 feet long by 100 wide, com- p'eted. Measures have been taken to revise and still further improve the course of studies, and the corps of teachers is kept up to the highest standard. Father Morrissey is now making plans for building a large fire-proof library building and another hall for students' rooms. The friends of Notre Dame, everywhere, are gratified to find that the noble work here inaugurated shows no sign of weakening; but, on the contrary, in everything are shown signs of advancement towards the highest goal of excellence. The determination was never stronger to keep Our Lady's college in the place to which she has attained — in the van of the higher educa- tional institutions of the land. In the summer of 1894 Notre Dame was honored by the pres- ence of the first American Eucharistic congress within its halls. (55») IN THE STAT1-: Ol" INDIANA. This £ijreat sacerdotal confraternit}-, numbering so many devoted members of the bishops and priests of Europe and America, has undoubtedly done much good in increasing devotion to the Blessed Sacrament. The hrst congress, as held here, was most successful and satisfactory to the numerous clergy present; and Notre Dame was greatly honored and edified by its presence. To be selected as the place where so great a work as that of the Eucharistic con- gress was inaugurated is, indeed, a mark of God's blessing. Not since the assembling of the Third Plenary council at Baltimore has there anywhere assembled so numerous and distinguished a body of Catholic priests and prelates. It is needless to say that, notwithstanding the year i d 2 U o o z < Z o > o c r > w o o o 1—1 o 21 ^^^^y^Bteiw.- IN tHE STATE OF INDIANA. In 1883 work was bej,'un on a new buildinj^, and in 1887 this was completed at a cost of over $80,000. This stands on a slight eminence overlooking the town, and occupies a ground space i86x 160 feet, is rectangular in form, and the outer walls inclose a chapel situated in the center of the grounds proper. The com- munity now comprises ninety-one Sisters, who have charge of fif- teen public and twenty-one parochial schools throughout the dio- cese of Vincennes, and an academy for young ladies in direct con- nection with the convent, and it is in contemplation to erect still another academy at West Indianapolis. The present superioress of the mother-house at Ferdinand is Venerable Mother M. Scho- lastica, O. S. 11 The cost of the convent and its furnishings has reached at least $100,000. INDIANAPOLIS, MARION COUNTY. As stated elsewhere, the church-building of the Sacred Heart parish, Indianapolis, which was erected in the latter part of the year 1875, was intended to be used exclusively, later on, as a monastery. The large three-story building was so constructed that, for the beginning, the third story only was in use of the relig- ious community. After the building was blessed on the 25th of December, 1875, the following formed the first community: Rev. Alardus Andrescheck, superior; Revs. Francis Moenning, Vincent Halbfas, Pancratius Schulte and Arsenius Fahle, and, as lay- brothers, Adrain Wewer, Marianus Beile and Amandus Jung. Rev. Alardus Andrescheck was born at BresJau, Germany, May 29, 1839, joined the order of Franciscans, February 9, 1862, and was ordained priest February 7, 1868. He was succeeded as superior by the Rev. P. Ferdinand Bergmeyer, who was born at Riesenbeck, October 30, 1825, has been in the order since June 25, 11852, and was ordained September 4, 1856. He came to America in 1859 and had been laboring in the sacred ministry at Quincy, Teutopolis, and especialy at St. Louis. In January, 1877, he was superior of the monastery at Indianapolis and was assisted by the Fathers. Victor Aertker, Raynerius Dickneite, Alexius Ber- nard, Stanislaus Riemann, Richard van Heek, Rudolph Horst- mann, Othmar Putthoff and Eustace Niemoeller. Among the lay- "(589) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY brothers stationed at the monastery during this period, we find Brother Damian Bueschgeus, Didacus Eigenscher, Leopold Breuer, Marcus Schaefer, Isidore Tretelski, Galhis Stute, Hystus Till- mann. In the year 1877, lay-brother Onesimus Steinmeyer died March 28, and lay-brother Paschalis Kutsche, August 3. During nine years the Rev. P. Ferdinand presided over the parish and convent. In 1885 he was sent as superior to the old Franciscan mission at Santa Barbara. It was in that place he was insidiously murdered, February 27, 1896, by an insane person, upon whom he had conferred many favors. In 1885 Rev. P. Francis Haase succeeded Father Ferdinand as superior and pastor. He was born at Kreiwitz, near Neustadt, Silesia, October 4, 1852, entered the monastery December 15, 1870, came to America in 1875, and was ordained at St. Louis July 25, 1877. Before receiving his call to Indianapolis, he labored at Teutopolis as professor of St. Joseph's college. During his administration, in the year 1890, the convent was remodeled and an addition connecting convent and church was built. This addi- tion contained a new sacristy, two parlors, an oratory and several other apartments. During six years Father Francis was assisted by Rev. P. Augustine Heuseler, who, by his able sermons and his successful management of the Young Men's society and the society of Christian Mothers, endeared himself to many hearts. During this period we find the following Reverend Fathers and Brothers at the monastery: Revs. Arsenius Fahle, Max Klein, Very Rev. Maurice Klostermann, ex-provincial; Angelus Bill, Quirinus Stueck- er, and Fulgentius Eich: Bros. Aguellus, Marian, Edmund and Kilian. The successor of Father Francis was the Rev. P. Bernardine Weis. He was born at Meinersbach, Bavaria, October 14, 1856, entered the order December 25, 1868, at Teutopolis, and was ordained priest at St. Louis, December 27, 1874. Before his appointment as superior at Indianapolis he labored at Teutopolis, Ind., Joliet, Ills., and St. Louis, Mo., in which last-named place he had been superior for four years and a half. His assistant at Indianapolis was the Rev. P. Gerardus Becher, O. F. M. Other P'^athers of the house t^ this time were Revs. (590^^ IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. Roger Middeiulorf. Laurence Pauly, Benedict Schmidt, Godfrey Hollters and Alexis Bernard, who died suddenly July i, 1H94. The follo\\ing lay brothers also deserve mention: Eberhard, Fri- dolin, Eugene, Rigobert and Frederic. In 1894 Rev. P. Bernardine received a call again to St. Louis and Rev. P. Gerarduswas transferred to Santa Barbara, Gal. Their places were filled by Rev. P. P'rancis Haase, superior, and P. Ber- nard Wewer, as assistant. Towards the close of 1894 Father Francis had the convent grounds enclosed with a substantial brick wall. In 1896 the convent building was evacuated by the congrega- tion and the entire building left to the use of the Fathers. In 1897, therefore, a new library and a number of rooms were arranged on the second floor. Revs. Bonaventure Faulhaber, Simon Schwarz, Desiderius von Frentz and Sebastian CebuUa were active at the convent during this period, from 1894. The following make up the community at present C 1898): Rev. P. Francis Haase, superior; Very Rev. P. Michael Richardt, ex-provincial; Rev. P. Zachary Ehlen; Rev. P. Bernard Wewer. assistant of the parish; Rev. P. Matthew Schmitz, and Bros. Isidore, Eusebius, Rigobert, Francis and Longinus. In order to fully explain the labor of the Fathers outside of the convent, we shall now give a brief history of the various missions attended to by the Fathers of the monastery at Indianapolis. In the year 1857 a small chapel was erected at Knightstown, Henry county, by the few faithful residing here. Rev. P. Arsenius Fable was the first Franciscan Father who took charge of this mis- sion. He was followed by Rev. P. Victor Aertker, in 1879. His first care was to erect two rooms adjoining the church, to be used partly as his residence and partly as a sacristy. In 1881 Rev. P. John Ryves took charge of this congregation and it has since been attended by several secular priests. At present it is under the pastorage of St. John's church of Indianapolis. Forty years ago the Catholics of Greenfield, Hancock county, were visited occasionally by missionary priests. At those times mass was said in private houses. In i860 a frame building was bought by Mgr. A. Bessonies, then stationed at St. John's church, l69r) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Indianapolis. This building, which had served as a school-house, became now the place of worship for thirty years. The congrega- tion at that time numbered about fifteen families. Mgr. Bessonies said mass occasionally for two years. Up to 1876 there seems no one had special charge of the church, it being visited off and on by priests stationed at St. John's church. From 1862 till 1876 the following Fathers attended to the spiritual wants of the faithful: Rev. O'Riely, D. J. McMullen, H. Alerding and I). Donovan. In 1876 the Franciscan Fathers took charge of this mission and have ever since visited the place. The first of these fathers was P. Arsenius Fahle; after him came P. Victor Aertker, and then P. Alexius Bernard was pastor in 1880-82. He enlarged the frame church, adding eighteen feet to it, so that the building was then 22x58 feet. From 1882 Rev. P. Stanislaus went to Green- field, and in 1885 he was followed by Rev. P. Rudolf. P. Angelus Bill visited the place for a number of years, from 1887, bimonthly, as it is done also now. P. Laurentius Pauly became pastor of Greenfield in 1892; he worked very faithfully, procured many church vestments, and also did much in getting a fair start financially for the erection of a new church. He was succeeded by Rev. Simon P. Schwarz, who attended the place for one year. In 1896 P. Zachary Ehlen took charge of Greenfield. Under his care the present brick church was built. It is of plain Gothic style and cost $4,000; the steeple and sanctuary are not com- pleted; the nave of the church is 34x60 feet, inside. Mass was said in the new church for the first time February 28, 1898. It was, however, not solemnly dedicated till May 15, of the same year. The dedication ceremony was performed by P. Francis Haase, O. F. M., the sermon being delivered by Very Rev. D. O'Donaghue. The congregation numbers about forty families. The Greenfield church is under the patronage of St. Michael. Together with Greenfield, Fortville, Hancock county, was given to the care of the Franciscan Fathers. The priest attending Greenfield paid his visits also to Fortville. The congregation, which consists of fifteen families, has divine service once a month. The church is dedicated to St. Thomas. (592) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. In 1877 the Franciscan Fathers took charp;c of the church at Acton, Marion county. Rev. P. Victor was the iirst to <^o there. The congregation numbered al)out eighteen faniihes. They had a small frame church, hardly suitable for divine worship. In i8.Sf Rev. P. Ale.xius built a large brick church. Great were the sacri- fices of the faithful. In 1883 the congregation numbered twenty- four families. The successor of Rev. P. Alexius was Rev. P. Rudolf, who was succeeded by Rev. P. Stanislaus. The congre- gation remained under the pastorage of the Franciscan F'athers until the year 1888, when it was made a mission for the pastor of Shelby ville. Rev. J. A. Kaelin paid off all the remaining debts of the church. I'rom that time Acton had service twice every month. In 1 89 1 it was given to the Fathers of St. John's church at Indianapolis. In the neighborhood of Valley Mills, Marion county, there lived about ten families for whom the way to Indianapolis was too far. In 1877 the Franciscan Fathers were requested to visit this place at least once a month. Services were held in the dwelling of John Kervin. In 1882 the Franciscan Fathers built a little frame church near Kervin's residence. It measures 24x40 feet, and has St. John the Evangelist, as its patron. The pastor, Rev. P. Matthew, who at present has charge of this place, directs Sun- day services but four times a year; but throughout the year it is visited every month on a week day. In the course of time, the Revs. P. Raynerius, Ferdinand, Francis, Quirinus, F'ulgentius, Roger and Zachary attended this place. The congregation at Franklin, Johnson county, was placed in the hands of the Franciscan Fathers in 1878. Rev. P. \'ictor Aertker was the first Franciscan who ^•isited this place. The small frame church had been purchased for the use of the Catho- lics by Rev. P. McMullen. Formerly this church had served the purpose of a meeting-house for Protestants. Rev. P. Victor annexed a small room, for the priest's use, to. the church. The successor of Rev. P. Victor was Rev. P. Stanislaus, who remained until 1 88 1. Later on. Revs. P. Alexius, Maximilian and Quirinus visited Franklin. From 1892 till 1895, Rev. P. Roger had charge (593) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of this congregation, when the right reverend bishop gave the charge of it to Rev. P. WilHam Liesen, a secular priest. In 1897 the Capuchin Fathers settled in Franklin and have since been the pastors of the congregation. The Catholic congregation of Brightwood, Marion county, a suburb of Indianapolis, was established by the Right Rev. Francis Silas Chatard in 1887. On the 3d of July of the same year the church was dedicated. The church had been erected many years before, but had served as a meeting-house for Methodists. It, together with the adjoining grounds, had been purchased for the sum of $3,000. It received St. Francis of Sales as patron. Rev. P. Curran was the first pastor of this church. In November, 1883, the Franciscan Fathers obtained the pastorage of Brightwood. Rev. P. Rudolph Horstmann was the first who was sent there and was succeeded by Rev. Stanislaus, August, 1885, and he by Rev. P. Maximilian Klein, who remained until 1888. The last men- tioned had the interior of the church renovated. His successor. Rev. P. Quirinus, paid off the remaining debt. In 1892 Rev. P. Pulgentius visited the congregation until July, when Rev. P. Roger succeeded him. Under his pastorage the roof, the foundation and the windows of the church were repaired and a new way of the Cross and new vestments were purchased. He also established the following societies: St. Agnes' sodality for young ladies, and a branch of the Knights of St. John with a membership of twenty-eight men. For the societies he also built a club-room, attached to the priest's house. He was succeeded in 1896 by Rev. P. Simon Schwarz. In 1897 Rev. P. Matthew Schmitz was commissioned to go thither. He procured many valuable vessels for divine worship. At present the congregation comprises about eighty families, twenty-five of whom are German. Service is held now every Sunday. In the year 1870 a small church at Martinsville, Morgan county, was purchased by the Rev. P. Gillig for the use of the few Catholics residing here. It also had served pieviously the purpose of a meeting-house for Protestants. Rev. P. Arsenius was the first Franciscan P^ather who took charge of this congregation, (594) IN THE STATE OI' INDIANA, which at the time numbered about twenty families. He procured a bell for the church, and also purchased some necessary articles for divine worship. His successor, Rev. P. Victor, visited this congre^^ation regularly every third Sunday of the month. He was succeeded by Rev. P. Stanislaus Riemann. In 1887 Rev. P. Angelus became pastor of this congregation. His first aim and endeavois were to erect a new church. In 1890 the old church was torn down and a new one in Gothic style was erected on the same grounds. The material of the old church was used in the new building, so that the new church cost only $4,000. The same P^ather also annexed a room for the use of the priest to this church in 1892. The congregation did not increase much in number of families. Rev. P. Laurentius, who succeeded Rev. P. Angelus at Martinsville in 1893, tried very hard to diminish the debt restmg upon the new church. In 1895 the debt still amounted to $900. In the same year Rev. P. Laurentius was transferred to Cleveland, Ohio, and Rev. P. Simon was appointed as his successor at Martins- ville. In 1897 Rev. P. Matthew had charge of this congregation, and in the year 1898 Rev. P. Zacharias was appointed pastor of the Martinsville parish, numbering now about thirty families. The congregation has yet a debt of $700. Besides these missions, the Rev. Franciscan Fathers at times also visited the Catholics at Danville, Hendricks county, where there are about four Catholic families. They, however, have no church. Likewise Augusta, Marion county, was visited by the Fathers several times, where also are a few Catholic families, but they have no church. In 1888 Rev. P. Angelus Bill attended to the wants of the Catholics at Mullen settlement, Hamilton county, once every month. There is a congregation of twenty families who have erected a small church. Since 1891 this church has been in charge of a priest of Tipton. The history of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, at Indianapolis, will be found in connection with the church history on page 305, this volume. (595) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY OLDENBURG, FRANKLIN COUNTY. The Convent of the Franciscan Fathers at Oldenburg- came into being under its present name August 7, 1866, when the Franciscan Fathers of the Cincinnati province of St. John the Bap- tist assumed charge of what had hitherto been known as the parish of the Holy Family- When the Rev. P. Rudolpf, pastor of this parish, died on the 29th day of May, 1866, the parish was attended to by Rev. J. W. Doyle until the coming of the Franciscan Fathers at the date mentioned above, and these have remained here ever since. In 1868 a class of clerics belonging to the same province took up their residence here, in order to pursue their studies in preparation for the holy priesthood, and from that time until the present, with the exception of two or three years, this convent has served as the home of the novitiate, or the house of study, for the younger members of the Franciscan order. The number of these continued to increase, and the stone building which they occupied became inadequate for their accommodation. There- fore, in 1894, the present beautiful brick edifice was erected and was dedicated ky the flight Rev. Bishop Chatard December 10, 1895. This building is used e.xclusively as a theological institute for the clerics of the Franciscan order, and is now occupied by five priests, twenty-four clerics and four lay brothers, the Rev. David Kersting, O. F. M., being the guardian. The Convent of the Sisters of St. Francis, at Oldenburg, Franklin county, Ind., was established, in 1850, by Rev. F. J. Rudolf, who was appointed pastor of the parish at Oldenburg in 1842. When he arrived here, he found a log church which was not finished; he at once formed a plan for a new church, as he did not wish to spend what money he had on this old building, since it would not have answered the purpose after its completion. Beside the parish at Oldenburg, Rev. F. |. Rudolf was to attend a number of small stations where congregations were being organized, such consisting of about fifteen or twenty families. At these stations there were little log churches, but no schools. To obtain com- petent teachers for his parish, as well as for these stations, Rev. (596) CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, OLDENBURG, IND. CHURCH OF THE HOLY FAMILY, OLDENBURG, IND. IN THE STATE OI' INDIANA. F. J. Rudolf at once conceived the idea of establishing an institu- tion for the training of teachers, who could teach both Cerman and English; he immediately applied for permission to establish such an institution, which permission was readily granted, and he at once secured the aid of the Sisters of St. Francis in carrying forward the project. The Sisters set to work with an energy and a will worthy of their saintly founder. In a comparatively short time a convent was erected at Oldenburg and schools were opened at all these stations; an academy also was opened at the same time at Oldenburg, where the mother house was established. Little did Father Rudolf think that the institution which he founded under such trying circumstances would ever grow to do the work in which it is at present engaged. The community now numbers 400 members, most of whom are engaged in teaching; they conduct six academies, fifty nine parochial schools, and one school for colored children. Beside the mother-house at Oldenburg, the com- munity possesses nine branch houses in different states. The mother-house consists of the convent proper, the novitiate, the infirmary and the academy. The grounds comprise 400 acres, and the church, which was built at a "cost of $80,000, is one of the finest structures in the state. Plans are now nearly complete for the building of a new convent. The foundation is to be laid this fall (1898) and it will be a very imposing and substantial building, when finished, and this will be when the community shall celebrate its golden jubilee, in 1900. TIFTOX, TIPTON COUNTY. St. Joseph's Convent, at Tipton, became a permanent institu- tion of the city in 1891, when the main part of the stately edifice was erected on Mill street, although the Sisters of St. Joseph had been teaching here since 1888. The present building is of grand proportions, occupying a ground space of 60x100 feet, is three stories high, has accommodations for lOO pupils, cost about $20,- 000, and was completed in 1894. Even this commodious estab- lishment has become too confined in space for the growing demands on the Sisters, who have achieved a distinguished reputation as instructors, hence they have purchased a tract of land a mile north A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of the city, with the contemplation of erecting a still more ele- gant and commodious convent in the near future, away from the noise and distraction of city life. [ The students from abroad are allowed to have rooms and board in the convent. There are at present thirty Sisters attached to the convent, who have branches at Elwood, Kokomo and Logansport. (602) ims^^si. Q 2 2 < H b IN THK STATK Ol INDIANA. CHAPTER WIT. CATHOLIC CHARITIES— HOSPITALS, ORPHANAGES AND OTHKK ELEE- MOSYNARY INSTITUTIONS IN THE STATE. T HIS brief chapter contains a succinct history of the grander charitable institutions maintained by the Cathohc church in Indiana, and surely they constitute in themselves a monument to its liberality and deep-seated sympathy for the unfortunate mem- bers of the church itself, as well as for the distressed of all creeds. ANDERSON. MADISON COUNTY. St. John's Hospital, under the auspices of St. Mary's church, was founded in 1894, the ground being donated by John Hickey, a native of county Wicklow. Ireland, but. since 1853, a resident of Anderson. The deed bears date March 31. and the conveyance was made to the trustees of the church for the use of the Sisters of the Holy Cross. The building is of brick, is two stories high, and occupies a ground space of 95 x 65 feet. It contains seven- teen finely-equipped rooms and two general wards, and since its completion the hospital has been under the supervision of Sister Victoria of the Holy Cross, of South Bend, and of Sister Sylves- ter The immense amount of good work done by these Sisters is incalculable, and no words of commendation are adequate to express the gratitude due them. EORT WAYNE. ALLEN COUNTY. St Joseph's Hospital, Fort Wayne, Ind.. was opened May 9. 1869 In the year 1868. eight venerable sisters. Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ, came from Europe from the mother-house. Dern- bach Nassau, where this congregation was founded in 1850 by Miss Catherine Kasper, in the diocese of Limburg. The first mem- "T605) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY bers made their religious profession August 15, 185 i. The found- ress' rehgious name was Yen. Sister Mary, mother-general of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ, whose death occurred February 2, 1898. In 1866, in behalf of Right Rev. J. H. Bishop Luers, Rev. Edward Koenig, now deceased, wrote to his friend, the Vicar- General Spaller, of the diocese of Paderborn, to interest himself to establish a hospital in the prosperous little city of Fort Wayne. The effort was successful. In 1869 the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ opened the so-called Rockhill Place as a hospital. With this hospital is con- nected the convent of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ, which is at the same time the mother-house of said congregation for the United States of America. Sister Mary Rosa was the superioress of the first little band. She returned to Europe in 1872. The other sisters were: Ven. Sister Mary Hyacintha, present mother-provincial; Ven. Sister Mary Eudoxia, present novice-mistress; Sisters Facunda, Henrica, Bella. Matrona and Corona. They first settled for a short time at Hesse Cassel, eight miles from Fort Wayne, from which place three Sisters went to Chicago to take charge of the orphan asylum at Rose Hill, of which the Sisters still retain the management. In May, 1869, the hospital was opened, and the number of Sisters was increased from Europe by seven. The houses of America are in the states of Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota and Wisconsin. The Sisters of this community have charge of parochial schools, hospitals, orphanages and homes for the aged. The rules for the members of the community were approved by the Holy See in 1870, namely, by the deceased Pope Pius IX, and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII, in 1890. The mother-house of Fort Wayne proved itself too small to accommodate the wants of the congregation, therefore the beau- tiful convent and chapel was built in 1848 at a cost of $33,000. The Ven. Sister Mary Prudentia, now deceased, was at that time mother-provincial. In 1892 the south wing, 130x30 feet, was built, \'en. Sister Mary Secunda being then provincial superioress. The building (H06) IN Till': STATE OF INDIANA. has now accoinuiodations for iiiorc tliaii i 50 beds. In 1 896 the old hospital, which was built in 1847, and had served for a hotel until 1869, was remodeled, and a fourth story added, with a splen- did operating-room, with the latest equipments. The hospital now has two very spacious operating-rooms — one on the first floor, south wing, the other on the fourth floor, on Main street. The average number of patients at the hospital during the year is between 400 and 500. The hospital is open to all, rich or poor; and it matters not to what creed they may belong. The present chaplain and spiritual director is Rev. Jos. Thomas Eisen- ring. St. Vincent's Orphanage. — This magnificent building is a noble monument to the charitable zeal of its founder, the late Rt. Rev. Joseph Dwenger, D. D. , bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne. This orphanage was erected during 1886 and 1887, at a total cost of about $75,000, and is a four-story brick structure, covering 126x100 feet, and has twenty acres of ground attached. The building has accommodations for over 400 inmates and is supplied with water, gas, steam-heating apparatus and fire protectors. Two rooms are devoted to the educational needs of the children, and at present there are in the institution 130 children of school age, and over thirty who are too young to be placed under the restraint of school-room discipline. The orphanage is under the control of the Sisters, Poor Hand- maids of Christ. At present two of these Sisters are engaged in the school while eight others are occupied with the domestic affairs of the institution. The average annual outlay for the support of this asylum is about $6,000, which amount is derived from the diocesan Christmas collection. The average annual expense per child educated, boarded and clothed, is about $50. Children intrusted to this institution are kept until a suitable home can be provided for them, or until they are able to earn their own liveli- hood. The present value of the ground in connection with St. Vincent's Orphan asylum is about $25,000, and the value of the (607; A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY building, with its appurtenances, is about $100,000. Rev. B. T. Borg is at present the chaplain of the institution. Rev. B. Theo. Borg is a son of Gerhard and Mary Borg, the for- mer of whom was a farmer, and both of whom are now deceased. Rev. BorgwasbornMarch I, 1836, in Hanover, Germany, and came to the United States in May, 1857, attended St. Vincent school, near Pittsburg, Pa., and studied, also, at St. Mary's seminary, at Balti- more, beginning the study of theology in i860. He was ordained, in 1868, under Bishop Spalding of Baltimore, and said his first mass June 13. 1868. He was first located for two years in Penn- sylvania; was then placed in charge of St. Joseph's, at Dyer, Lake county, Ind., and then came to Fort Wayne as assistant to the bishop, and retained this position three years; he was next appointed assistant priest at St. Mary's church; then went to Avilla, Noble county, Ind., where he remained for eight years, doing effective work and was next selected for his present position in September, 1887. Father Borg has achieved considerable celebrity as an educator and is most zealous and faithful in the discharge of his onerous duties. INDIANAPOLIS, MARION COUNTY. St. 'Vincent's Infirmary was opened in Indianapolis, April 27, 1 88 1, by four Sisters of Charity from Emmitsburg, Md., with Sis- ter Theresa O'Connor as first superioress. The house first used was the old St. Joseph's seminary at Vermont and Liberty streets. The present building, at South and Delaware streets, was erected in 1887 at a cost of $108. coo. It is is a large, handsome structure, well lighted, heated by steam, and modern in all its appointments. It has thirty-eight private rooms and eight large wards, providing an air space of 1,500 cubic feet for each patient, will easily accom- modate I 50 persons, and is considered by competent judges an ideal hospital; the ventilation is a special feature and is second to none in the country. In the sixteen years of its existence there have been cared for 5,864 sick or injured; of these 2,762 were paid for, full price; 1,185 were under price or paid for in part, while 1,917 were cared for entirely free of all charge, averaging a little over (608) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. one month for each free patient. There is a training school for nurses in connection with the hospital. LAI-AVETli;, rilM'KCANOE COUNTY. St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. ^ — In 1866 the Right Rev. J. H. Luers, bishop of Fort Wayne, purchased 1,100 acres of land near Rensselaer, in Jasper county, and built an orphan asylum for boys and girls. When, a few years later, the Rev. George A. Hamil- ton, pastor of St. Mary's church, LaFayette, died, he bequeathed in his will about $10,000, in real estate and money, for the pur- pose of establishing a manual labor school in the vicinity of LaFay- ette for orphan boys. The property included about 580 acres, situated at Davis Ferry, between LaFayette and Battle Ground. The Davis tracts were devised to Rev. Hamilton by the will of William B. Davis, who, in consequence of his Indian extraction, was known as " Indian Bill." The project was further encouraged by Messrs. Owen Ball and J. B. Falley, who donated fifty-one acres of land south of LaFayette, and on the latter tract Right Rev. Bishop Dwenger, in 1875, began to build. The asylum building is situated over Fourth street hill, just across Durgee's run, on a commanding eminence reached by a gracefully winding road. It is built of brick with stone trimmings, and is one of the most imposing of the many educational buildings throughout the country. It covers 121 feet of ground in length and 113 in breadth, and is four stories high, with a deep basement under every part of the house. It is surmounted by a tower seventy-five feet high, from the top of which a fine view of the surrounding country and part of the city streets greets the vision. The cost of the building was $33,000. The formal openmg of the asylum took place in .April, 1876, the occasion being observed by appropriate ceremonies. The first step thereafter was to part the boys from the girls at Rensselaer and bring them here. Thus the school opened with thirty-one boys, presided over by Rev. B. Hartmann and seven Sisters, who did the work about the house. After the formal opening of the asylum the Brothers and Sis- ters of the Holy Cross from Notre Dame. Ind.. took charge of the 3^ ~(609) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY educational and domestic departments. When the latter were recalled in 1894, the Sisters of St. Francis, from the mother-house in LaFayette took charge. There are two school rooms, one a kindergarten, and the other for the more advanced pupils. They are taught all the branches of a good education, after which they pass to the manual labor department in the house or on the farm. The spacious dormitories are located in the third and fourth stories. The whole building is thoroughly warmed in winter by steam. The kitchen contains a large range and all necessary appliances for the successful exercise of the culinary art. The dairy is kept replenished by a number of fine cows, the pick of those kept at the farm near Davis Ferry. The institution is governed by a board of directors, of which the right reverend bishop of the diocese is president. The number of children in the asylum in 1898 was 150. There are no other funds available for the support of the orphans but what are derived from the cultivation of the farm and from the annual collec- tion in the churches throughout the diocese. After 1880, the Rev. John H. Guendling was the director of the asylum, until appointed vicar-general of the diocese, July 20, 1898, and of this reverend gentleman more may be read in his personal sketch in Vol. II. He was succeeded at St. Joseph's Orphan asylum, at LaFay- ette, by his brother. Rev. Charles B. Guendling, late secretary and chancellor of Bishop Rademacher. Announcing his appointment to the directorship of that institution, the Fort Wayne Journal remarked: No clergyman of any church has left a Fort Wayne pastorate with deeper regrets on the ])art of parishioners and friends than the Rev. Charles B. Guend- ling, who will preach his farewell sermon at high mass this morning. Father Guendling will be missed by many of all creeds, for he has impressed himself as a faithful minister of God and at the same time as a genial, courteous and cultured gentleman. Father Guendling is a younger brother of the vicar-general. He was born in Peru in 1868, and early in life determined to follow in the footsteps of his brothers. Completing the course prescribed in the parochical s hools of his native town, he entered St. Francis seminary, Milwaukee, in 1882, and after finishing the classical course, went to Rome to study theology. He was ordained in 1892, by Cardinal Parocchi, in the church of St. John Lateran, Rome, and in July of that year came to Fort Wayne. He has been stationed at the cathedral since that date. (pToT IN THE STATE OI" INDIANA. i'atlier Gia-ndliiiL; enjoys tlu' rc|)iil;itii)ii 1)1 hciiiu (inc ol the liiicst pulpit s|)<.'ak(TS in the city, C()nil)ininjjj with a natural gill ol ciixiuriH (.• a mind deeply versed in sacred and profane learning. Personally affal)lc, kindly, generous of heart, and ]-)OSsessing a fund of humor inexhaustible, feather Guendling won for himself a place in the hearts of all who knew him. His departure is regretted, but the best wishes of all will follow him to his new hi-ld of labor. Father (iuendling possesses business abilities of a high order, and his services in the resptjnsible position assigned him, as head of a great institution, will prove valuable. St. Elizabeth Hospital. — Six Sisters of the order of St. Fran- cis left their native country and convent home at Olpe, Westphalia^ and arrived in the United States on December 12, 1875. Of these, Sister Clara, superioress, Sister Bonaventure and Sister Agatha have gone to their eternal reward. Of the surviving Sis- ters, Mother Alphonsa is at present provincial superioress for the United States, Sister Augustina is superioress at Grand Island, Nebr. , and Sister Rose directress of St. Boniface school in LaFay- ette, Ind.. where they settled upon the invitation of the late Rt.. Rev. Bishop Dwenger, of Fort Wayne, soon after their arrival. Unknown and without means they began their work of charity,, and for this purpose rented an unoccupied building in the neighbor- hood of St. Boniface's church, which served them for a dwelling and hospital until October, 1876. The first helping hand was ex- tended to them by the late Albert Wagner, who donated to them two vacant lots on Hartford and Fourteenth streets. On these was erected the first of the present block of buildings in 1876. The efforts of the Sisters on behalf of the sick and unfortunate were soon appreciated, and in the course of time accommodations were added to the hospital proper and to the Sisters' dwelling as necessity demanded and as the means were obtained. The east wing was built in 1880, the west wing, together with the chapel, in 1883. But still there was want of room, so that a new hospital became, in the course of time, an absolute necessity, and, relying on the assistance of benefactors, the Sisters resolved to build. In February, 1896, the contract was let and work progressed without interruption or accident until the building was complete in all its details. The new hospital fronts on Fourteenth street and connects with the buildings on Hartford street. It is 150 feet long and forty-six wide, with verandas on the east side to every story. A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY Three stories of brick with turret surmounting the center gable rise over a high basement of freestone. Terra cotta and sand stone trimmings are notable features in the ornamentation of the front, which terminates at either end in a semi-sexagon. The interior is arranged more with a view to comfort than elegance, yet it presents a most pleasing appearance. From basement to attic the building is divided in the center by broad corridors running the entire length from north to south. On either side of the corridors are arranged wards and private rooms for the sick. The kitchen occupies the north end of the basement, and serving rooms are arranged on each l^oor. The operating room, with tiled floor, marble wash-stands, etc., on the southwest corner of the second floor, is large and well equipped for its purpose. The hospital has all the latest improve- ments, such as electric bells, speaking tubes, dumb-waiters, steam heating, etc., and is complete and modern throughout. An ele- vator, operated by a water motor, makes access to each floor easy. The plans were drawn by Bro. Adrian, of the Franciscan order. St. Louis, Mo. The hospital was dedicated on January 6, 1897, by the Rt. Rev. Joseph Rademacher, bishop of Fort Wayne. The new hospital became an absolute necessity on account of the great number of patients applying for admission. With the growth of LaFayette applications of destitute sick persons became very numerous; for it must be borne in mind that the Sisters, desirous of doing "the greatest good to the greatest number," receive patients without distinction as to creed, nationality, race or sex, and without regard to the ability of paying fees. The same is true when the Sisters are called to nurse patients at their homes; they exact no remuneration, but of course expect to meet with the regard due to their character as ladies and religious workers. They eschew controversies on religious topics, but reply to candid inquiries, and do not hesitate to advise Catholics to attend to their spiritual duties in case of dangerous illness. When patients are not Catholics the Sisters ask if they wish to see their own clergy- man, and send for him when requested. Attempts at proselytism are not countenanced. The convent of St. Francis, connected with St. Elizabeth's hospital, and occupying the older buildings fronting on Hartford (612) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. street, is the mother-house of the Sisters of this coiiiiiniiiity in the United States, aiul the jilace of the novitiate or training school. From six members in 1875, the cominimity has ^rown to about 400, who have charge of hospitals and schools, outside of LaFayette, viz: In Cleveland, O. ; Terre Haute, Ind. ; Logansport, Ind. ; Memphis, Tenn. ; Emporia, Kan.; Omaha, Neb.; Columbus, Neb.; Humphrey, Neb.; Denver and Colorado Springs, Colo. Four classes of St. Boniface's school, LaFayette, were most suc- cessfully conducted by the Sisters from soon after their arrival here. They also give lessons in music, fancy and plain needle work, etc., in their modest, but comfortable dwelling, on the corner of Tenth and Ferry streets. The new hospital, with furniture, etc., represents a cost of over $50,000. With alms collected from door to door, the Sisters undertook its construction. There was a generous response from the citizens of LaFayette when the sisters called on them, and private rooms were furnished by a number of them. At a fair held for the benefit of the hospital in February, 1897, societies, business men and citizens generally without distinction of creed co-operated liberally, so that the sum of $3,300 was realized; yet there remains to be paid the greater part of the debt incurred by the building of the hospital, and the Sisters are confident that they will not be left to struggle alone with the burden assumed in its erection. St. Anthony's Home for Aged Poor. — After considering the project of establishing a home for the aged poor in LaFayette for some time, the Sisters of St. Francis, in charge of St. Elizabeth's hospital in that city, purchased, in the fall of 1897, an eligible site with a house and the necessary out-buildings, together with about twenty acres of land in a retired part of the city. There is no place in the vicinity of LaFayette better suited for such an institu- tion. A large and beautiful grove adjoins the property, the sur- rounding are healthy, and the home will be removed from the din and bustle of the city, making a quiet place for aged people to spend their declining years. All old people now inmates of St. Elizabeth's hospital, will be removed to the new home when it is (ul3) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY ready for occupancy, and all who hereafter apply to the hospital to be cared for during life, will be sent to the new institution, which will be known as St. Anthony's home. LOGANSPORT, CASS COUNTY. St. Joseph's Hospital at Logansport was established in 1893 by the Sisters of St. Francis, of Lafayette, of the Third order of St. Francis of the Prepetual Adoration. St, Joseph's hospital, pital, like all other Catholic institutions of like character, extends its care and treatment to all people desiring its aid, irrespec- tive of race, nationality, sex or religion, and is pleasantly situ- ated on the south bank of the Wabash river, within easy access of the city, its lands comprising ten acres. The hospital was opened to its first patient October 3, 1893, and from that time on it continued in its good work and became so popular with the general public that in 1896 it became necessary to increase its accommodations and an additional wing was joined to the original building, so that it now has ample capacity for the treatment of twenty-five patients. The institution is in charge of eight Sisters of St. Francis, who are employed as nurses and in attending to the other duties that devolve upon attaches of institu- tions of this nature, and at the head of these is Sister Mahala Adriana, who has been indefatigable in the discharge of her chari- table duties since the opening of the hospital. St. Joseph's has, indeed, proved a blessing to the citizens of Logansport, as well as to the journeying stranger or the sojourner, to whom any accident may befall, or who may be seized with illness while away from home and friends, as its doors are open to all. TERRK HAUTE, VICO COUNTY. St. Ann's Providence Orphan Asylum, Terre Haute, begun by Bishop Bazin, at Vincennes, in 1848, and fostered by the Sisters of Providence, was removed to Terre Haute in 1876. It took its present name after its removal. It is for girls only, of whom there are ninety at present in the institution. Twelve Sisters of Provi- dence have charge of the asylum, and its excellent management is most creditable to them. The building is spacious and is conve- IN THK STAT1-: OI' INDIANA. niently located, in that it is removed from the busy center of the city. It is worth $40,000. Kev. John Kyves, the pastor of St. Ann's church, i.s also chaplain of the asylum. VINCENNKS, KNO.X COUXTV. St. Vincent's Orphana;?^e.— The asylum for Catholic orphan boys, at Vincennes, known as St. Vincent's, was opened in April, 185 I, in the college building, but some years later was removed by Bishop de St. Palais to the rural site it now occupies at Highland, three miles from the crowded city, the property having been pur- chased by the late Bishop Hailandiere. The institution is under the charge of twelve Sisters of Providence, with Sister M. Theo- dore as superior, and the number of orphan inmates is about i 13. Rev. George Steigerwald is the chaplain, and the little unfortunates are made as happy under the tender care of the kind Sisters as if they had never been deprived of their natural guardians. \';15) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER XVII. CATHOLIC SODALITIES AND FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF AMERICA AMERICAN SONS OF COLUMBUS — CATHOLIC BENEVOLENT LEGION — YOUNG MEN'S INSTITUTE. THE ties of brotherhood, in the sense of the word which embraces the whole human race, are well known to be remarkably strong with the laity, as well as the clergy, of the Catholic church, and from this fraternal feeling have sprung some of the noblest institutions designed to unite men together for common benefits, for aid and for protection, that exist anywhere in the world, and in the histories of the sodalities and orders given below will be found a record of the peculiar objects for which the societies named have been organized. THE ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS. The origin and early history of this organization, in Ireland, is vague and uncertain, and, for the most part, traditional. The first that is authentically known of the order is of its existence and labors during the persecutions of the Catholics under the penal laws, though a tradition places its origin in the eleventh century, when it was founded by Harmonia, a son of Prince Tours, of the county of Fermanagh. He was the counselor of his father, and whenever any dissensions arose between the higher and lower classes he always took the side of the peasantry as against the aristocracy, and success always attended his efforts. At length his father banished him, and he repaired to the borders of Cavan and Meath, where he established himself and created the order, the member.s calling themselves Knights of St. Patrick and Knights of the Shamrock Plume, in honor of the plume which Harmonia on I\ Till-: STATE OF INDIANA. all occasions wore in his cap. The Hibernian motto, iMiendship, Unity and Christian Charity, was as applicable in those primitive days as at present, for it is said of them that their mission was to right the wrongs of the people and do good for all. During the life of Harmonia, he seems to have been the sole leader, for after his death it is said that each county had a branch of its own. but all were united in a national organization under the leadership { the Ancient Order of Hibernians, of 1896, was held in the beautiful city of Detroit, and if the Omaha convention was " magnificent." this one exceeded it. The national chaplain. Bishop Foley of that city, welcomed and received his society brethren with true Irish warm-heartedness, and the blessing which he gave their deliberations was not without fruit, for the proceedings throughout were marked with mtelli- gence, industry and harmony, while the visiting delegates and their accompanying friends were delightfully entertained by the gener- ous and cultured citizens. At this convention the national officers and the national chaplain having in charge the fund authorized by the Omaha convention to be collected for the endowment of the Gaelic chair in the new Catholic university, at Washington, made their report, showing that but a small amount of the $50,000 which had been promised remained uncollected, and that amount the convention ordered, should be paid out of the national treas- ury, thus making a permanent fund for the teaching, in that great institution, of the Irish language, history and literature. And what a history! and what a literature! Here may be learned the songs of the ancient bards, and the wisdom of the Brehons. Dr. Thomas J. Shahan, D. D. , of the Catholic university of Washing- ton, said, in speaking of this action: "When the annals of the decline and fall of the cruel British imperialism of former days shall have been written by some Gaelic Gibbon of the future, when we take up again the Irish annals where the wearied hands of the Four Masters dropped the pen, the name of the Ancient Order of Hibernians will be emblazoned upon one of their bright- A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY est pages. What a mighty spectacle, for the world, of the power of Gaelic endurance, and the mighty strength that slumbers in organized manhood, when it flashed across the wires that over 100,000 men of Irish blood have decreed that their mother-tongue shall live, and live, too, in their midst, a well-spring to all time of the holiest and highest suggestions for mankind." The national convention of 1898 was held in Trenton, N. J., the home of Right Reverend Bishop McFaul, through whose medi- ation the two branches of the order were reunited, a division in the ranks having existed since the Cleveland convention in 1884, when a small per centage of the members seceded from the main body and formed a separate organization. The reason for the separa- tion at the Cleveland convention in 1884 was on account of an amendment to the constitution, admitting members to the order who were Irish, or of Irish descent through either parent, instead of both, as the constitution had been prior to that convention. This reunited convention, as might be expected, was the largest ever held, and the principal labor performed at this great meeting was the revision of the constitution on lines agreeable to the reunited order. This constitution provided for a national organization of the Ladies' auxilary, which had, up to this time, been dependent upon the national organization of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. But the constitution of the auxiliary is to be adopted by this order. It also provided for national, state and county chaplains of the order, and for the organization of a military branch, its companies to be known as Hibernian Rifles or Hibernian Knights. The officers governing this organization are a national presi- dent, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, chaplain, a directory consisting of four members, and the national vice-president. The present national ofBcers are: John T. Keating, of Chicago, national president; James E. Dolan, of Trenton, vice-president; James O'Sullivan, of Philadelphia, secretary; Patrick T. Moran, of Washington, D. C, treasurer, and P. J. O'Conner, Savannah, Ga., M. J. Burns, Indianapolis, Ind., Patrick O'Neill, Philadel- phia, Pa., and Edward J. Slattery, Massachusetts, are the directors. This order is pledged in its constitution to the cause of chruch (622F IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. and country, and to exercise at all times its inHuence in the inter- ests of right and justice. The motto of the order is Friendship, Unity and Christian Charity. By Friendship, the Hibernians are taught to regard all their members as one family; to aid each other in sickness and distress; to soothe the unhappy, to sympathize with their misfortunes, to compassionate their miseries; to restore peace to their troubled minds and to elevate their people; by Unity, in combining together for mutual support in sickness and distress and accomplishing the purposes of the order; by Christian Charity, in loving one another and doing unto all men as we would wish them to do unto us. Conventions of the order are held biennially. The national, on the second Tuesday in May, at twelve o'clock noon. The rep- resentatives eligible to seats in the national convention are, the national officers and directors, the state president, secretary and treasurer, a county president from each county, together with an additional member in each county for every i,ooo members in good standing, over and above the first i,ooo; and the colonel of each regiment. The state conventions are held within forty days after the adjournment of the national convention, and the following officers are eligible to seats: The state officers, county presidents, the five officers of each division, the colonel of each regiment and the captain of each military company. The state convention may limit the representation from each division to no less than one of the five division officers. The county convention is held within forty days after the adjournment of the national convention and after the state con- vention, and the following officers are eligible to seats: The count}' president, the five officers of each division, and the captain of each military company. The weekly benefits in case of sickness or disability of a mem- ber shall not be less than $5 per week, but shall be limited to thir- teen weeks during any one year. On the death of a member, a sum not less than $50 shall be appropriated to defray funeral expenses. Each division shall have an employment committee, whose ~(623) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY duty it shall be to assist all worthy brothers in securing employ- ment, and render the unemployed members such assistance as may be in their power. In some states the insurance feature of the order has been a great success, but Indiana has never been able, thus far, to sue- cessfuUy maintian this department. The Ancient Order of Hibernians is a secret organization in that it has signs and passwords by which members in good standing are able to recognize one another, and the ritual of the order is approved by the clergy and may at any time be inspected by them. The Ancient Order of Hibernians was first organized in Indi- ana, as far as can be definitely ascertained, at Knightsville, Clay county, in 1871, under the authority of Capt. Kennedy, of Pitts- burg, by Thomas McGovern, who was the first state delegate. Charles Sheridan was the first state secretary, and John Smith the first state treasurer. In the following year organizations were effected in Marion and Fountain counties, and, in 1873, Putnam was admitted with a division to the state organization. Vigo, Daviess and Tippecanoe followed the next year. During the time from 1 87 1 to 1876 the state and county officers were in close touch with each other and did not think it necessary to incur the expense of a meeting, consequently no state convention was called until the latter year, when they assembled at Greencastle, the counties represented being Clay, Putnam, Tippecanoe, Marion, Daviess and Vigo. The officers elected at this convention were John J. Burke, state delegate; M. J. Ward, state secretary, and Patrick Healy, state treasurer. Johnson county branch was organized in 1877, and the con- vention that year was held at Indianapolis, at which the state offi- cers elected were: P. H. McNelis, state delegate; Jeremiah Collins, state secretary, and John Landes, state treasurer. The next convention was held at Indianapolis, where P. H. McNelis was re-elected state delegate; John Rail, state secretary, and John Landes, state treasurer. Brazil had the convention in 1879, and P. H. McNelis was again re-elected state delegate; P. B. O'Reilly, state secretary, and Peter Ingolsby, state treasurer. The convention in 1880 went to Madison, where John Byrnes was mr IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. elected state delegate; William Broderick, state secretary, and John Murphy, state treasurer, and in i88i,to Terre Haute, where John Byrnes was re-elected state delegate; William Broderick, state sec- retary, and J. H. Meany chosen for state secretary. At the convention held at Washington, in 1882, it was decided to hold the conventions biennially. The following officers were elected: J. F. O'Reilly, state delegate; J. C. Lavelle, state secre- tary, and Frank Cannon, state treasurer. The first biennial con- vention was held at Indianapolis in 1884. The order had been slowly but steadily growing, and more enthusiasm was being man- ifested at those state meetings, and their organization was becoming more perfect and their power for good enhanced. The following offi- cers were elected: J. W. McGreevy,state delegate;]. H. Meany, state secretary, and Thomas Kerins, state treasurer. At the next convention, which was held at Richmond in 1886, the same officers were re-elected. At this meeting the subject of an insurance branch in the order was discussed and referred to the succeeding convention, which was held at Evansville in 1888. Here the insurance feature was acted upon favorably and the mutual plan adopted. According to the state delegate's report, the mem- bership of the order had increased 450 in the two years preceding, the whole number of counties in the state, organized, was fifteen, and the number of divisions, twenty. The officers elected at this convention were: Thomas McQuade, state delegate; John F. O'Reilly, state secretary, and Peter Kline, state treasurer. The fourth biennial and fifteenth state convention of the Ancient Order of Hibernians assembled at South Bend in 1890, where all the proceedings were carried on very harmoniously and the same officers were unanimously re-elected. An increase of 168 in membership during the last two years was reported and the com- mittee on the standing of the order said that, after a careful exami- nation of the reports of the secretary and treasurer of the state, they found the society to be in a flourishing condition, and this notwithstanding they had done a great deal in the matter of charity. At the next state convention, which was held at New Albany in 1892, the state delegate announced that the insurance feature 37 (625) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY had been, by the consent of the members insured, " abandoned. " The membership at this time was 1,183, 3-n increase of 257 since the last report. The following state officers were elected: M. D. Fansler, state delegate; S. J. Hannagan, state secretary, and Pat- rick Manley, state treasurer. Peru having been decided upon as the place for holding the next state convention, it was accordingly held there in 1894, and according to State Delegate Fansler's report it was the largest convention of Hibernians ever held in Indiana. The increase in the order's membership since the last convention was more than 700, with thirty-two counties organized. The election resulted in unanimously choosing the same president and secretary. Treasurer Manley, on account of ill-health, refused to be a candidate, and John W. O'Hara was elected to fill that place. The convention of 1896 opened with gloom in the beautiful city of Terre Haute, as Secretary Hannagan convened the dele- gates, announcing the death of their beloved president, Michael D. Fansler. Mr. Fansler was in life a brilliant lawyer of Logans- port, but his friends or his charities were not confined to the local- ity of his residence. His wit, his geniality and his sympathy made him a favorite wherever he was known, and his intelligence and sincerity placed him in many responsible positions, which he always filled with credit to himself and profit to those whom he served. E.x-President Thomas McQuade, was called to the chair. The need of a vice-president was now felt, and the by-laws were revised so as to provide for one. Among the resolutions adopted were one of respect and condolence on account of the death of two worthy and prominent members — Ex-State Treasurer Patrick M. Manley and State President Michael D. Fansler — and one.'of sympathy for the struggling Cubans, urging the United States to accord Cuba belligerent rights. At this meeting M. J. Burns. was elected state president; B. A. Coll, state vice-president; M. J. O'Brien, state secretary, and J. W. O'Hara, re-elected state-treas- urer. At the national convention held at Detroit, soon after, .M. J. Burns, was elected to the office of national director, and, he having resigned as state president, J. W. O'Hara was chosen to fill this vacancy, and B. A. Coll to fill the office of state treasurer IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. thus made vacant, and Kdward O'Neill was made state vice- president. The convention of 1898 assembled at Fort Wayne on the 19th of April. At this convention the office of state vice-president was abolished in accordance with the decision of Bishop McFaul, of Trenton, N. J., through whose efforts the dissenting body of the national organization was reunited to the main body. This decision was made in order to grant representation in the national convention, on an equal basis, the dissenters not having the office of vice-president in their state organization. A company of the Hibernian rifles had been formed, in Fort Wayne, under the authority of State Military Organizer William J. Walsh, and these brave young fellows, who had just tendered their services to the government, in case of war with Spain, which now seemed imminent, received the endorsement and encourage- ment of the convention, which also passed resolutions of loyalty to the United States and sympathy for the Cubans. The manifested good will of Bishop Rademacher towards the convention and his blessing had a most happy effect on the dele- gates, and the proceedings were very pleasantly conducted through- out. The incumbent officers were re-elected, and Rev. M. J. Byrne, of Fort Wayne, was chosen the first state chaplain. The Ladies' auxiliary, which was first organized at Terre Haute just prior to the state convention held there in 1896, has been growing steadily, and. under the wise and active leadership of Mrs. P. H. McNelis, the future promises much. Indiana's contribution to the Gaelic chair was $1 , 107. 50. The funds of the order are kept in the treasury of the local divisions, who control its disbursement. The expenses of the national of^cers are paid by contributions from the local divisions for the pass- words, signs, etc., which are issued by the national officers. The expenses of the state board are paid by a per capita assessment upon the members of the organization in the state. The only salaried officer on the state board is the state secretary, who receives but $50 per year, a very small compensation for the amount and character of the work done by that officer. The qualifications for membership in the order are that the (62T> A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY applicant shall be Irish or of Irish descent through either parent; a practical Catholic, not less than eighteen, or over forty-five years of age, and in good health. Persons over forty-five may become honorary members of the order, but are not entitled to any benefits for sickness or death. The constitution of the order makes it compulsory for mem- bers to receive holy communion within the Easter time of each year. St. Patrick's day is a national holiday, to be celebrated as a majority of the county board may think proper. The order in the state of Indiana disburses through its local divisions about $12,000 per 3-ear for sick benefits and other chari- ties, and has on hand about $12,000, and in America the order dis- burses about $500,000 per annum in charities, and has money and property amounting to more than $1,000,000. The order is incorporated under the state laws of Indiana as a state organization, and under the state laws of Pennsylvania as a national organization. The publishers are indebted for the above very able historical sketch of the Ancient Order of Hibernians to John W. O'Hara, state president of the order, and trust it will be received in the same spirit in which it is presented — that of Friendship, Unity and Christian Charity. THE CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF AMERICA. The history of the Catholic Knights of America, in Indiana, covers a period of over twenty years, and the order numbers among its members both the right reverend bishops of the two dioceses of Indiana, scores of the reverend clergy and hundreds of the foremost laymen of the Catholic church. The order was first organized in Nashville, Tenn. It is reported that when "Catholic Nashville " was under the gifted spiritual direction of the good and wise Bishop P. A. Feehan. now archbishop of Chicago, that he, on many occasions, warned his people personally, and through the pastors of his diocese, that they beware of afBliating with non-Catholic societies. He warned them that any society imposing oaths and secrecy as an obligation (628r IN THE STATE OF INDIANA. of inembership and prescribing ritualistic ceremonies, at meetings and burials, was prohibited to the Catholics of his diocese. After one of his stirring exhortations to his people to shun these associations, there was present, among.st his hearers, James J. McLaughlin, a prominent citizen recognized as a zealous Cath- olic and who at the time was active and energetic as a Knight of Honor. After the services, Mr. McLaughlin at ouce sought two of his neighbors, D. N. Burke and John Broderick, both fellow- Catholics, and both Knights of Honor. He explained to them his impressive experiences of the morning, and insisted that a further continuance of their membership in the Knights of Honor would be irreconcilable with pract cal Catholicity, and that, as he could not incur the censure of his church, he must end his connection with the Ivnights of Honor. His sincerity, and the force of the argument, coupled with their warm admiration and devoted friend- ship to him, at once influenced his two friends to yield their con- currence with his convictions. Mr. McLaughlin then told his friends that he did not see why, with proper religious safe-guards, the admirable temporal features of the Knights of Honor could not be made available to Roman Catholics, and that it was his determi- nation to make an effort to accomplish it. He then and there suggested the features for organizing a Catholic society, based upon the plan of the Knights of Honor, as to all material requirements, eliminating every objectionable provision of the laws which had invited the antagonism of the bishop, and, in lieu thereof, inserting specially emphatic Catholic essentials to membership. The first formal meeting at which the order of the Catholic Knights of America was organized, though this title was not the one then selected, was convened on the 23d day of April, 1877. Between that and the 29th of May, 1877, a number of meetings were held, but on the latter date the committee on charter, consti- tution and laws, submitted its report, which was adopted, subject to the bishop's approval. The charter was granted by the county court of Davidson county, Tenn. The name of the society at first agreed upon, and which was chosen at this meeting, was the order of United Catholics. The constitution and laws, as reported and adopted, were a reprint of those of the Knights of Honor, then in 1629] A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY force, omitting every feature which could in any manner be con- strued as an infringement of the pivotal purpose of the founders to have the organization removed from any contingency of antagonism with Catholic requirements, and inserting as the order's foundation stone "practical Catholicity," as the essential prerequisite to mem- bership. At a meeting held on June 5, 1877, in addition to the regular business, the name was changed to Nashville branch No. i, United order of Catholics. At the meeting on June 12th, the adoption of the name as selected by the previous meeting was reconsidered, and a committee of five was appointed to select and recommend a name to the m.eeting. The committee withdrew, and shortly afterwards submitted to the meeting the Catholic Knights of Honor as the name of the order. The report of the committee was adopted, and the name by them recommended was agreed to. The committee previously appointed to wait upon Bishop Fee- han, to secure his approval, stated that as now the constitution and laws had been prepared, submitted to and adopted by the meeting, subject to the bishop's approval, they had arranged to wait upon him for that purpose and would be pre- pared to report at the next meeting the results of their labor. Influenced by the inspiration of his devoted American citizenship, and his consciousness of the indisputable truth that all true sons of the Catholic church, enjoying the favor of citizenship, yield to none in flinchless loyalty and patriotic devotion to country, Bishop Feehan selected Catholic Knights of America as the name of the order, and, with this change, he extended his cordial approval to its objects and purposes, assuring the committee of his hearty co-opera ion and promising an early visit to the branch meeting. To James J. McLaughlin is unquestionably due the honor and credit of founding the order of the Catholic Knights of America, and it was but a fitting tribute and merited to his untiring efforts that he should have been made the unanimous choice as the first president. He was born in Dublin county, Ireland, on April 29, 1831. He came to this country, and settled in Nashville, Tenn., where (630) IN THE STATE OI' INDIANA. he was naturalized and became an earnest, active and good citi/en. After an honorable life, respected and loved for his noble nature and kind heart, with an unsullied name and stainless character as the proud heritage of his children, he died at Columbia, Tenn., on March 20, 1883. a pious and devoted member of the Catholic church. He now sleeps his last sleep in Mount Calvary cemetery at Nashville, with his resting place marked by a neat monument, the feeble tribute of affectionate remembrance from the order he loved and served so well. The order was now fully launched, with episcopal approval, and its growth was far beyond the most sanguine hope of its best wishers. The meetings were largely attended and it was but a short time until other branches were organized by the official organ- izer, John McDonald, he having visited Cincinnati, St. Louis, Louis- ville, and other cities for this purpose. Several branches having applied for a charter, among the num- ber was branch No. 7, of New Albany, Ind. On March 10, 1878, a meeting of Catholics was called in the city of New Albany for the purpose of organizing a branch of the Catholic Knights of America. Louis Vernia was selected temporary chairman, John Byrne temporary secretary, and Mr. Doyle, of Louisville, explained the constitution and laws of the order and aided very materially in the organization of this, the first branch in our state. By unanimous vote of those present, it was decided to leave the charter open for two months for the purpose of securing signers, and at the end of that time, eighteen charter members were obtained as follows: John Byrne, Joseph Byrne, William S. Herley, Henry E. Koetter, Gerhardt H. Koetter, James Shea, Cornelius Tegart, Leo Bark- house. Peter P. Schaefer, Thomas Gleason, John O'Donnell, Will- iam Ryves, Michael Neenan, Sylvester Bir, Thomas Dowd, Michael Welsh, John Maley and Patrick Delahunty. Of these eighteen charter members, four are dead, two have moved away from New Albany, and twelve still remain and are members of branch No. 7. Shortly after the organization o branch No. 7, branch No. 9 of New Albany was organized. The order having e.xtended to the several states under the charter granted, the members deemed it proper to have a meeting A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY of the supreme council. An expression was invited and had by the branches, then in existence, and the time and place agreed upon resulted in the selection of July 9, 1878, at Louisville, Ky. The first supreme council session opened at the appointed time and place with a full representation from all branches then in existence — Indiana beinj,^ represented by Dr. R. A. Davis from branch No. 7, of New Albany, and Joseph Weber of branch No. 9, of the same city — these two branches being the only ones in existence in this state at that time. The second annual session of the supreme council was held in the supreme court room, Indianapolis, Ind.. July 8, 1879, and com- pleted its session on July loth. At this meeting an amendment was adopted reducing the basis of representation and the meetings changed from annual to biennial, and Cincinnati was selected as the place of meeting of the third supreme council, which was held on July 12, 1881. At this council was reported the charter which had been granted by the legislature of the state of Kentucky. On April i, 1880, the general assembly of the state of Ken- tucky granted a charter to the " supreme council, Catholic Knights of America," authorizing them to transact business, which charter was as follows: Whereas, Certain persons, citizens of Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Missouri and Indiana have formed a corporation to promote benevolence, morality, science and indus- try in said states and in the United States; therefore. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the CoiiiuiomvealtJi of Kentucky : Sec. i. That R. L. Spalding, W. B. Dalton, J. J. O'Rourke, J. L Hechmer, G. D. Denser, L. H. Bell, T. J. Gilligan, D. H. Leonard and W. Neh. Webb, and their associates and successors be, and they are hereby created a body politic, to be known by the name, style and title of the supreme council Catholic Knights of America, and by such name and title shall have perpetual suc- cession, and be capable in law of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, and of purchasing, leasing, holding, granting and receiving in its corporate name such property, real, personal and mixed, as is necessary for the conduct of its business and affairs, and of instituting grand councils and subordinate branches (632r IN TIIK STATE OF INDIANA. as it may see fit, under such laws, rules and rejut then the accused could name his enemies, whose testimony was then entirely invalid; he could demand a change of venue from one or all the judges of a tribunal, and the supreme tribunal had to send other judges; the proceedings had to be communicated to him twice. Llorente gives us examples where witnesses for the defense were brought from as far as America to Spain. It is true the rack was used in Spain; but it was also in all countries of Europe, and later in England than in Spain. In Spain it could be used only once, and in the presence of two priests not belonging to the Inquisition. In the Tower of London the rack, scavenger's daugh- ter, thumbscrews, used as instruments of torture in times past, are still on exhibition, to which even women were subjected, and which were not abolished till 1772 (12th, George III). Massachusetts, also, had its witchcraft trials: Giles Coag, eighty years old, was pressed to death. A ghastly picture is generally formed of an auto-de-fe. We recall to mind Prescott's description of it: A grand human holo- caust conducted with the utmost splendor; a grand procession A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY — bishops, priests, all the nobility, yea, even royalty, pres- ent; then so many hundred victims at each auto-de-fe, and of course it is taken for granted that all were burned, the Spaniards sitting around enjoying the groans, and sniffing like sweet perfume the smell of the burning flesh. It is but fiction and not historic truth. True, an auto-de-fe was always celebrated with great sol- emnity and pomp; true, there were often many hundred " victims," but nothing was burned but the candle the penitent carried in his hand. Thus, at an auto-de-fe in Toledo, February 12, i486, there were 750 " victims:" not one was sentenced to death — to nothing more than an ecclesiastical penance. At a second, 900 " victims," and not one sentenced to death; again 750, and yet again 950; not one was burned. Prescott speaks of 3,327 judged in little more than a year in one tribunal; but he forgets to add that of this large number only twenty-seven, mostly criminals who conspired to mur- der Christians of Toledo in 1485, were sentenced to death. An auto-de-fe was a solemn publication of the sentence of the Inquisi- tion. Out of the hundreds of " victims " the majority were declared innocent; a great many received absolution; some were sentenced to ecclesiastical penance or imprisonment, endured often .in the best convents, or even in their own houses and homes; some- times, but rarely, a few, mostly guilty of the crimes mentioned above, were handed over to the lay judges of the Inquisition with a recommendation to mercy, and generally these few were executed the next day. It was the custom to strangle them before they were burned — a custom far more humane than the English drawing and quartering. In regard to the san benito (blessed sackcloth) and the penance, used in the auto-de-fe ceremony, it was the universal custom in the church to do penance in a coarse garment — sack- cloth — which was blessed, and had a different color in differ- ent countries: in Spain it was yellow. In the middle ages it was not expected to do penance in grand uniform, m silk and satin; neither was it considered a disgrace to do penance. The great Emperor Theodosius did public penance in sackcloth; so did Henry IV., Henry III, and Henry III of Germany; Louis the Saint, of France, often performed, voluntarily, public pen- IN Till': STATE Oi' INDIANA. ance, yea, even allowed himself t(j b3 scourged by his father confessor. Nobody saw in it a disgrace; oiil}- the piety of the prince was admired. Llorente gives us examples of members of the royal family wearing the san benito and receiving absolution, as, for instance, Prince James of Aragon; of some who were thus absolved and yet so little disgraced that they intermarried with the highest nobility, yea, even with the royal family; of some who had been absolved de gravi and afterward attained the highest offices in the church as well as in the state. It is painful for a man of honor and truth to see the false- hoods written about the Inquisition; it is still more painful to be made accountable for all real and imagined evils of the Spanish state Inquisition, when the popes and bishops were constantly fighting it during the whole time of its existence. It can only be added here that this admirable digest by Bishop Dwenger of the Spanish Inquisition should set at rest forever the false and injurious impressions relating to it that rest in the minds of the uninformed. ((>73) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY CHAPTER XIX. RETROSPECT, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION THE SPIRITUAL, EDUCA- TIONAL AND MATERIAL PROGRESS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE STATE OF INDIANA IS ONE GLOWING FACT. IN the preceding chapters, the first and second excepted, since they are general in their scope, the writers have attempted to plainly and simply recount the greater number, if not all, of the principal facts and events connected with the existence of the Catholic church in the state of Indiana, especially during the past sixty-four years. They have not, it is true, employed the old-time fine-toothed rake with which to collect their information. There was no need for this close scraping. They preferred to leave minor details and the little things to those who have a taste for trifles. The best reason for their choosing so to do is the generally accepted rule that while great and prominent men are the chief actors in all the dramas that are written and called history, their every act is by no means worthy of record. Moreover, if all were recorded that great and good men in state and church have said and done, their greatness and goodness might, to a degree, vanish in the estimation of the reader, if not of the writer. It were well, therefore, to con- sider the fact that history has reference principally to humans and human affairs. While cautious and choice as to this matter, the authors have also been careful as to the order in which they have tried to pre- sent that matter. It will be seen that they have not adopted any arbitrary arrangement that might be in conflict with the natural current of events — with the order of the facts. They commenced IN THli STATE OF INDIANA. with the first tangible beginning, and have kept botli the starting point and the material in view all the way through. Nevertheless, what they have deemed worthy of setting down and preserving may not include all the facts and events that others would pass upon as meriting attention, were they engaged in the preparation of this history. Indeed, the authors do not hope that each critic, whether lay or cleric, will in every instance unqualifiedly endorse their judgment or their methods. It would be unreasonable to expect this. But having gathered together and piled up in mound- shape, so to speak, what they believe to be the most important facts, they would, in company with their readers, stand apart, afar off, and survey the things garnered and also the field. Isaias, prophetically speaking of the Church of Christ, refers to it as a mountain upon the top of mountains, exposed to the gaze of all nr^tions, and impossible to be hidden. The prophet's figurative idea holds respecting that same Church of Christ to-day in the limited territory of the commonwealth of Indiana. It can- not be overlooked or hidden It is the most important and prom- inent institution in the state. It is older than the state. It is above the state. It conserves the state. It loves the state. The oneness of the Catholic church makes it specially distinct from the diversified and discordant organizations which assume to be Christian churches, but which are exotics in the vine- yard. Its teachings are singularly in contrast with those of the sects touching not only the mysteries and sacraments, but also the question of divorce, which glaring immorality would appear to be epidemic in our midst. The court records afford the proofs. An instance of unusual note is the case of a prominent Indian- apolis wholesale merchant who was divorced from his wife; having procured a new one, he went to his church the following Sunday, only to find that' his former wife had likewise remarried and become the wife of a prominent physician, also a member of the congregation. The children of these divorced parents were not present to complete the scene, but the preacher who united and reunited them in the " holy bonds of matrimony " was in the prayer-box, Bible in hand, as if anxious to furnish material for the back-ground. There is no (675) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY record f^oing to show that this minister selected for his text the words, " He that marrieth her that is put away also committeth adultery." Some people find it easy enough to forgive Martin Luther for fi"-hting the Pope and the Catholic church in an effort to make religion easier to practice, and therefore to bring heaven just out- side the garden' gate. There are those, too, who do not find it difficult to overlook the intensity, severity and unchristian bitter- ness, even to the point of no mercy, that characterized John Cal- vin and his Scotch disciple, John Knox. Others also are numer- ous who overlook doctrine and truth and reason while contemplat- ing the long-facedness of John Wesley and the sanctimoniousness of all the old " Reformers," and those of their modern representatives. But when men come to regard the terrible effects, traceable to the "Reformation '" and the reformers as their cause — effects seen in the throwing of the reins on passion's neck; in the granting of divorce by courts and the sanctioning of it by society; in the prevalence of irreligion and the grossest immorality and dishonesty they begin to look up to the " Mountain on the top of mount- ains" — to the church which cannot be hidden, and against which the gates of hell cannot prevail. It is under such circumstances that the mother church, the teacher of all truth, looms grandly into view. But passing by the doctrinal feature and regarding it some- what in the tangible order, the Catholic church in Indiana has still strong claims upon the attention of our fellow-citi;^ens. Its 319 church-edifices have spires that lift high before the gaze of the people the venerated sign of salvation, the Cross of the Redeemer. And what is most remarkable about these edifices, these spires and this cross, is the fact that they are never mistaken even by non- Catholics. In recent years Protestant meeting-houses, in many instances, have a cross on tower or spire; but there is something that somehow tells of inharmony and the unfitness of its being there. When Protestantism in England and on the continent abolished the mass it abolished the cross with it, and that abolish- ment was, until recently, in force even among our own New Eng- land colonists. [See Chapter II.] In the temporalities the Catholic church is a very important (676r IN TIIK STATE OF INDIANA. aiul proininciil institulion in Indiana. It has a nieinbership of not less than 225,000 souls, with two bishops, each presidinj,'^ in his own diocese. It has 331 priests, 3i9churches, 174 .schools, thirty academies for young ladies, one university, four orphan asylums and fully 30,000 Catholic youths under the tutelage and guidance of over 1,300 religious teachers in both schools and colleges. Its educational work is not confined to the head or the heart, but includes both, for it is impossible to make good men and women, good fathers and mothers — good citizens — by educating the head alone. The heart, also, must be attended to. Virtue must be cultivated lest the intellect be a power for evil rather than good. The swindler, the defaulting bank official and the faithless manager of this or that large interest, are untrue to their trusts only in so far as the supernatural virtues have not been cultivated by them. Catholic education aims to draw out the mental powers of the individual at the same time that it instills into the heart those virtues which ratain and correct evil tendencies. Even non-Cath- olics freely admit this to be one among the great labors and achievements of the Catholic church. It has made remarkable material progress during the past sixty-four years, and it is daily pressing onward, one might say irresistibly, in the work of the Master, in the active charities which appeal to men and of which it has been the real parent in every age and clime. The higher charity, of which St. Paul speaks, is the very essence of the teach- ings and practice of the Catholic church. Its members constitute the only united and consistent body of Christians in the state, because they acknowledge one head whom they obey, and because they have the same doctrines and practices touching faith and worship. While they may possibly be disunited in other respects and be separated or even opposed to one another through diversity of interests or other considerations, yet, in regard to the church and its teachings they are of one mind — a unit in the faith. The Catholic church, as a teaching body, concerns itself not alone about the spiritual welfare of its children, and, indeed, like- wise about that of the whole human family, but it also teaches sound doctrine touching the permanency and justness of govern- (677) A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY merits and their institutions. Hence with St. Paul it holds that all legitimate authority and power are from God. The state is the handiwork of God. and, therefore, the church, which is His mouth- piece, keeps its children steadfast in their duty toward the state, teaching them the necessity and duty of obeying all properly con- stituted authority. In view of these facts the occupation of all bigots and bearers of false witness against the church and their Catholic fellow-citizens is gone— gone in every department of human society, except where ignorance predominates. It is only the ignorant man who will proscribe his Catholic neighbor, and it is only the ignorant community that will discriminate against the Catholic church. In the state of Indiana, as, indeed, everywhere else, the status of the Catholic church is the very highest. And how it could be otherwise is mysterious only among the uninformed and prejudiced. To that church, not alone locally, but generally, the citizen may look for wnse counsel on those questions regarding which both indi- viduals and political parties are most likely to go astray. In thus looking to this great teacher for light and direction men are not likely to be deceived. The church that cannot err in matters of faith and morals is also possessed of such a degree of wisdom respecting temporal things that confidence in her guidance and judgment is at all times wise. The Catholic church the world over conserves all rights of both individuals and states and allows for all peculiarities of times. countries and races. The throb of her pure spiritual life and light is felt by every nation and tribe and tongue under heaven. She knows them all; and if some do not know her fully, the fault is their inattention. Hence that great church knows what breeds anarchy and what anarchy feeds upon. She knows human weakness and is well acquainted with the promptings of the human heart. Touching the temporalities that hold and sway men, she is eter- nally and unalterably fixed in her rulings. She rules on all ques- tions without fear or favor, desiring only that justice be done. The rights of property, the right to rule and the corresponding duty on the part of the people to obey are all within the scope of her wisdom and her teachings. The Catholic church is always in favor (678) IN THE STATE OF INDIANA, of law and j^ood order, and, consequently, she is the enemy to anarchy and all approaches to lawlessness. Government among men being essential, and the best interests of society demanding that governments be stable and just, of neces- sity it is a part of the mission of the church to concern itself with these important affairs, at least indirectly. Not alone, therefore, on the high ground of God's law and oi morals does the Catholic church oppose the sin of divorce in Indiana and elsewhere; she is also against the bad practice for the sufficient temporal reason that it disrupts the family. And since the state rests upon the family as upon its corner-stone, the church would preserve the unity of the family that the state might be maintained in its security and strength. When a blow is aimed at the family — the hearthstone — it is directed also against the state and in favor of anarchy. The wisdom of the church in temporal things being happily united with its sound teach- ings on the sacrament of matrimony and the sacredness of the home, enables it to sound a warning note to the people and to point out the dangers which beset them and the state. Along this line of thought the men of America who have attained to any great degree of eminence in statecraft have not been slow to express their approval of the status and influence of the Catholic church. It is, as it has ever been, a great conserva- tive force — a power for good in the estimation of men who can and do think. The community in which the church has a strong hold and a wide field is always the better for its presence there. Virtues of all kinds are practiced more generally and attentively, especially those of purity and honesty. Good order and good morals may be occasionally disturbed and shocked locally by the antics of some few unfortunates who have become the victims of the vice of intemperance, and who with all their imperfections will still claim a child's relationship with the holy mother church. In thus clinging to the church these weak ones do well, for they have been taug'nt that the Master came not to call the just, but sinners, to repentance. The church, however, is not to be charged with their sins, nor should she be at all discredited on account of their imperfections. Obeying her, these persons might lead pure and holy lives, but disobeying her A HISTORY OF CATHOLICITY commands they unfortunately are paving the way for their own ultimate destruction by scandalizing others and by giving the ignorant and the prejudiced an opportunity to almost assert that the spouse of Christ encourages the sin of drunkenness. The few individual Catholics in Catholic communities who are a discredit to the church are noticeable only because the church is pure, and Catholics are expected to be pure also. Those of other denominations, overcome by such imperfections, are never charged up to the discredit of their so-called churches. The reason for this is that it were to no purpose to do so. Where nothing is expected no anxiety is present and nothing is done. But the church needs no defense among the intelligent because some few of her children will wander from the path of duty. Her mission is to deal with sinners, and those who charge this to her discredit are of the same ilk as those who, in the sense of accusa- tion, found fault with her Divine Founder for associating with publicans and sinners. The work of the Catholic church is man- ifest in every community. The labors and good example of her teachers and religious orders are as beacon lights to the people of all denominations. Ever active, always doing, never deviating from the course marked out for her, the Catholic church in Indi- ana, as well as in every country of the earth, merits the confidence, support and respect of governments and peoples as well as of indi- viduals. (680) *|!' nil,".";: r'li't • \...,' ,..- V JS.%^ ."'• ' '.. 'i.ii vw -••-•■'••.. Th?"* ?«r ,.i''" A,,,,. '• ' ..:';.tf^fi,5 ri '■ 'III' •'II" ...• 1 ''':1i"': III! 1 ' I'll K.i..;ii! 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