Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/illustratednewyoOOdurs Illustrated New York. The Metropolis of To-Day. 1888. PUBLISHED BY INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING CO., I02 Chambers Street, NEW YORK. Copyright by INTERNATIOXAL PUBLISHING CO., 102 Chambers Strset, New York. TO THE PUBLIC. "Y^HE illustrations in the descriptive article on the City of New York are from original iirauinos, and are protected by copyright. Their reproduction is unlawful; and notice is hereby given that persons guilty of infringing the copyright thereof will be prosecuted. INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING CO. GENERAL INDEX. Aaron, D., importing tailor 202 Abbott, M., house-furnishinu; 2og Abrahams & Grunauer, tailors 175 Acker, Victor, photographer 150 Ackerman, J. li., & Co., hardwood lumber 15S Ackerman's Wagon, Cart and Truck Huilding 135 Adams, Cli.is, I",, mfr. household supplies, etc 174 Alexaiuk-i, 11., \- Co., coachmakers' supplies, etc 164 Algcii, A., straw hats 20() .-\llison, \Vm, L., publisher, etc 143 .\lniy, H. S., & Co., importers china, crockery, etc.. . . 145 American Automatic Weighing Machine Co., The 19S American Dental .Mfg. Co 142 Anawanda Club Stable if:() Anckcr, Dr. Edwin, veterinary surgeon 144 Anderson, D. H., photographer 130 Appel, E., importer and joljber of ribbons, silks, etc. . . 212 Armfield, boots and shoes 149 Arnold, James II , Dr., manicure and chiropodist 1S9 Art Toilet Company, R. F. Young, mgr 193 Aschenbach, Chas. F., manfr, h.irncss, etc 142 Atwood, H. W., pharmacist 204 B.^cn, Edwarii, saddlery and harness igc) Bachmann, Rud , photographer 169 Banning, Bissell iS: Co., imporiers of dyestuffs, etc . . . 104 Barnard, O. II., mfr. undertakers' supplies, etc 141 Barnett, John, morocco case mfr 214 Barrett, F. St. John, drugs 15S Bartlett Street-lamp Mfg. Co 103 Bartley, Charles C, saddlery hardw.ire etc 19S Bassctt, Geo. F., >S: Co , -hiiia, nockerv, etc 1C6 Beadle. Edward, mfr. folding mats 174 Bedel, D. B., & Co., importers china, gl.issware, etc.. 125 Beechinor, Healy & Conway, dry-goods 126 Benders, M. F., pharmacist 159 Benedict, Geo. H., tiruggist, etc 136 Benjamin. J. P.. boot and shoe uppers .... 1S5 Bennett, E.. jeweller T25 Bent, Butler & Co., raw furs, ginseng, etc 177 Bergmann, B., Charcuierie Fran(;aise 14S Bernstein, G. S., mfr. trimmings ... 153 Berrien & Halsey, real estate, etc 143 Best & Co., Lilipuiian Bazar 127 Bindsell, H. F., mfr. tine furs 131 Bloomfield's shoe-store 205 Bogart, A. L., electrician 1S5 Botjer, W. H., coffees, spices, etc 206 Boughton & Terwilligcr, wood carpet, etc 105 Bourke, T., engraver, etc. 120 Bowes, J. J., iron work 170 Bowe, Thomas, auctioneer 210 Bowsky, A., fur-dresser 172 Bradley & Currier Co., The, mfrs. doors, etc , 104 Brandon, Jas., engineer, etc 160 Brandt, (^tto, upholsterer U)i Hicitman. W. 11.. printer, etc 195 Hiinik, jwliii ('.. dry-goods I92 Bro( kw.i\ .Xick^rson, brick com. merchants 125 Blown, .\lc \. R., carpenter, etc 173 Brown i!vans, creamery 1*14 Brown \ l'lyni])lon, tailors 154 Buelilc r liatrman, electric-light wiring 103 Bullock's old curiosity shop 1.^5 Burgess iV G(jddard, importers china, etc 146 Btirkart, Otto, tailor . ... 132 Burke, Geo. 11. , wdiolesale glassware, china, etc 15S Burke, W. J., wholesale grocer 122 Buskirk, S \'.. hardware, etc 202 P,urnt'>n \- Co., b( w .ksellers, etc 152 l!uik-i-, 1). II , iiiti, pii iure-frames, etc 123 Buitikofer, J.; mfr". j)ia"hos'! .f . 1 . . -T. . . '. . .' '. 1 27 Byrnes & Brady, plumbers, etc 200 Capv & Nklso.n, tailors 193 Callmann, C, straw goods 212 Carroll, Lawrence, artist and photographer 1S2 Cartier's dancing academy 187 Center, G., coal 145 Chadwick, John, antique furniture, etc 143 Champion Laundry Works 157 Chanut, J. AL & Co.. (l.nu. ih I '.u is,, nnc 1S9 Chapman, C. J., & Co., c< » i]Kr.ig<- 123 Clairmont \' Co., o|)ticlans, etc 130 Colby John, com. merchant, etc 13S Cole, J. K., portraits 171 Collins, j, X., \- Co., cl.',,ks. suiis. ere iii Collins \- Xuttall, anisiic Ihm-s -ho, is, etc 109 Conant, E. K,, cjII .md gas stoves ill Conant Manuf.icturlng C". , The, piano hardware, etc. . 14S Condie \ Smith, i.h.irui.iclsis 14S Conklin & Brewster, neckwo.ir 214 Connelly. J. 11., li.as. etc 115 Con net t. E. W \- 1 ■ , Ini l:,iis. , . . , iSS Conway, ('.. ( ,.n< r .uul -p:( mills 210 Cook & .Sons, funeral direc tors 207 Corner, J., & Son, painters, etc 211) Cowan, A. D.. iS: Co., seed growers, etc 137 Crosson, Jas. J., & Co,, steam-heating supplies, etc. .. 140 Cuming, J. I., mfr. cigars 123 Cushman. W. F., baker 174 Cyclorama. Battle of Gettysburg 110 Dai i.v. Wm, H., painter and paper-hanger iS.' Dean, C. A., confectioner 110 De Capo Cigar Factory, Jacoby & Boockm.in, proprs. . 132 Decomps, J., mould-maker 1)2 Delehanty & McGrorty. carpet and furniture dealers . . 202 Demarest & Joralemon, importers of thread, etc 105 Dessart Brothers, mfrs, inasks i".^ Dessaur, F,, photographer i' ^ GENERAL INDEX. I'AGE Diamond Spring Bed Co., bedding . ^ . . . l86 Dillingham, G. VV., publisher 107 Disbrow, G. B., real estate, etc 109 Dittmar & Sheifer, tailors ig6 Dixon, J., & Co., jevveliers. . 206 Dobler, C, tailor 171 Dodge, Nathan D., manfr. slippers, etc 133 Doerge, H., builders' hardware 159 Donahoe, T., steam marble mfrs 127 Drake, H. W., primer 2og Drew, H. R., & Co., real estate 1S6 Du Bois Manufacturing Co., plumbers' lead traps 211 Dubreuil, P., gents' French shoes 139 Ducimetiere, Joseph, kid gloves 172 Duncan, Sebastian, Jr., & Co., pickles, olives, etc ... 183 Dunkel, A., steam dying establishment 126 Dupuy, G. B., piano warerooms 19: Dux, Jacob, printer 205 Early, J., carpets, oil cloths, etc 164 .Eastman & Mason, mfrs. Globe fuel 12S Eaton, C, paper-hangings 121 Eden Mnsee, American Co 106 Ehrard «& Hagen, mfrs. fancy mouldings 141 Elizabeth Oil-cloth Company 175 Ellin & Kitson, architectural sculptors 145 Ely Brothers, Cream Balm 1S6 Emmens, C, sole leather 208 Erschell, E , & Buchner, jewelry cases 216 Everitt, E. E., Everitt folding-bed 115 Every & Freeman, steam carpet-cleaning, etc 159 FiCKOlJ.SON, J. S., Mutual boarding and livery stobles . . 133 Ferris', Henry, Son, brewer 134 Fischer, L., frames 210 Fischer & Burnett Lumber Company 1C4 Fiss & Doerr, stables 173 Fitch, E. A., burses, etc 172 Fitzsimmons, M., roofing and cornices 125 Flanagan, B., & Son, real estate, etc log Fleming Cut Sole Co., The 181 Fleming, J. J., plumber, etc 172 "Foulds, Robert, importer and mfr. toys, etc 160 pranke & Co., importers cigars, etc 154 Frees, J. B., druggist, etc 154 French, E. F , mfr. veneers, etc 119 Friedrich, John, & Brc, mfrs. violins, cellos, bows... iSS 'Fritz, L., & Son, undertakers 210 Fuller. N. A., hay and straw. 204 •Gboss.m.an, M. J., upholstery goods. 143 'Gallagher, M. D., diamonds, etc. 201 •Gardner, E. B., portraits.. 191 ^Gardiner & Estes, fine shoes. ... 190 'Garretson, J. H., fancy groceries, etc 150 ■ Gassner. D. D., real estate, etc , 129 'Gedney, Chas. B., steam carpet-cleaning works 154 iGennerich, John N., funeral director 209 «Gray. Francis S. , real estate, etc 135 (Green, S., \' Co., mfrs. specialties in millinery, etc. . . . 20t (Giannini, G. W., engineers' supplies, etc 129 Grissler eV Fausel, carpenters, etc 154 Grady & McKeever. mfrs. picture frames, etc 154 Gordon & Roberts, insurance 139 Goodwin's beds, etc 208 Goodrich & 'Woodcock, real estate and insurance 209 Grotecloss, J. H., photographer 210 Gillespie, Chas. H. & Sons, mfrs. varnishes, etc 137 Great American Steam Carpet-cleaning Works 136 Gerhardt, C, brewers' brooms and brushes igS Goetz, I., tailor, etc jgg Grieve, Thos., upholsterer, etc 150 Guhrauer, K. & Co., stationers ng Gurney's Express, Storage and Furniture Trans. Co 135 Hahn, a., pianos j^q Halligan& Dalton, wholesale butchers 137 Hamilton, Jas. H., painters' supplies, etc 189 Hammond & Hunter, wholesale com. merchants 104 Hammond, "W. K., manufacturers' agent for brick 131 Hanscom, J. & Co., bankers and brokers igo Hardy & Co., dry-goods i_j2 Harrison Bros. & Hawson, importers, cutlery, etc 153 Hartford Steam-boiler Inspection and Insurance Co... ig6 Haubold, A. & Co., fire insurance, etc 126 Hayes, Geo., & Son, metallic skylights, blinds, etc igo Haygooni, J. B., Constantinople Bazaar 132 Heller. Wm. & Son, manufacturers of satchels, etc... 163 Henry-Bonnard Bronze Co. The 108 Herrman & Schneer, shirts igS H. & H. Printing Company ly-^ Higginson, M. W., wood-carving, etc 144 Hirch, Leon, theatrical goods 113 Hoerle, H. C, merchant laifor 153 Hoffman, John L., manufacturer of picture-frames i68 Holbrook, E. L., antique furniture, etc 127 Holman's Pharmacy 149 Hotel Martin, John B. Martin, proprietor 114 Hotel St. George, N. P. Sewell, proprietor igg Huddersfield Rubber Company 131 Huffman, Theo. P., .S: Co., wholesale hay, straw, etc.. 184 Hughes, T. & Son, country produce 204 Humphreys & Co., florists 144 Huston & Corbell, plumbers 190 Hutchinson & Hall, flour, feed, etc 123 Impervious Packa(;k Co 117 Jackson, T. A., importer of carbon, etc 195 Jaffray, Dr. J. M., dentist 171 Jager, John G., manufacturer of light wagons 127 Jarboe, J. W. & Son, sheet iron- works, etc 157 Jayne, S. F., real estate, etc 134 Jelliff, H. & Son, builders' hardware, etc 171 Jenkins, Jas. A., bookseller, etc 200 lohnson & Sharp Manufacturing Co., The , , . igS Judd, H. L., manufacturer of brass bedsf.ads, etc. ... 115 Judd, S. C, carriage manufacturer igg Kamak, B. & Co., manufacturers cutlery, etc 170 Kamp, J. C, hay and straw 178 Kanze, Chas., manufacturer of umbrellas, etc 164 Kanze. R., electrician 206 Keil, W., painter 203 Kellogg. G. L., boots and shoes, etc 176 Kelly, Martin, fruit 201 Kempner, D. & Son, real estate 175 Kennedy, Dr. J. C, dentist 165 Keyser & Co., druggists and chemists 183 GENERAL INDEX vii I'AGK Kicser, Joseph, wheelwright and blacksiniih 213 Kirmss, F,., eiie;iiifer and machinist 125 Kling Kidlhcrs. window-shade infrs 213 Knowles, Win., artislic job printer 140 Knowlton, W., photographer 132 Knowlton, Wm., & Sons, straw-goods 214 Koester & Sievers, photographers 132 Krause, Oscar, drugs 208 Kuh!, Leon, P., Press of, printer 115 Le Bihan, Chas., cigars 165 Lanison, G. T., surgeon-dentist 203 Lange. Geo., iS: Son, mfr. pianoforte keys, etc i()3 Lau. J. H., iS: Co., guns, amnninition. etc 15S Le Galiez, P. G., painter 1O8 Leidel, H., mfr. artists' materials, etc 131 Leining, Lewis, cabinet-maker, etc 1S6 Le Pelley, Adolphus, painter and decorator 211 Levy Bros., art novelties and stationery 208 Lewis, J. H., & Son, mfrs. looking-glass 159 Lewis & Conger, house-furnishers 13S Liberty Silk Works 102 Linherr, J. A., diamonds, etc 173 Linton, druggist 174 Livingston, Prof. J. W., importer of fashions 112 Logan, Walter, printer 179 Lohman iS: Klein, collars and cuffs 191 Lovering's New York Book l^xchange 1S2 Loucks, C, & Co., leather and findings 209 Luehrs Bros., grocers 197 Lyons, R. J., tailor, etc 121 MacDonai.o, J. A., plumber 146 MacEvoy, Chas., mfr. leather, etc 155 Mahler Brothers, men's furnishing 201 Maidhof, F. J., engraver 14S Main, Robert, commission merchant 182 Mann, F., drugs 207 Mannes, Henry, iS: Son, mfrs. furniture, etc 168 Maresi, P., confections 2ii Mariani & Co., coca preparations 149 Marks, S., importing tailor 169 Marrer, A., printer 207 Martin, S., hardware 20S Martin, Shaw, mfr. Christmas novelties, etc 152 Marvin, E. A., printer and stationer 202 Mathesen, C. W., florist 139 Matthews, Thos., auctioneer 167 McClave, John, lumber 15S McDonald, O. P., florist 174 McDowell Garment-drafting Machine Co., The 147 McEwen, Jas. L., merchant tailor 150 McHugh, John F., mfr. awnings, etc 151 McLeod, Wm. H., men's furnisliiiiL; -muN n/) McMurray & Co.. booksellers, etc 171 Mead, H. V., & Co.. real estate, etc 140 Mead & Rossman, plumbers, etc 145 Mecke's transfer express 168 Mercer, ('.. \V., real estate 175 Mcriden M.illcable Iron Co., The 179 Merrills, printing 204 Merry, J., & Co., West-side Galvanizing Works 126 Metropolitan Market, Alfred Baer, propr 155 Meumann, ('. I". P., pharmacist 146 Michaelis Rohman, shirt-makers, etc 130 Miller, Edward, & Co., lamp goods mfrs 212 Miller, Frank, & Sons, mfrs. blacking, etc 134 Miller, Robt., carpets, etc 203. Miller, W. C, boots and shoes 203. Minuth, F. A., architect 207' Moran, P. J., painter ill Morgan, J. W., fish, oysters, etc 165 Moriiiiigstar, Chas.. ^S: Co., wholesale starch 133 Morse Musi, al Sirni- .Mfg. Co 156 Morton P..ulie. |ilumbers, etc 210 Mott Ross, Fifth Avenue Hotel stables 146 Mullen, John J., plumber, etc 176 Muller, F. G., real estate and insurance 210 Muller, N., hand-made shoes 152 Mundorff, Theo., optician 18+ Murpliv, W. J.. Equitable Market 20S Nash, Wm. 1., auctioneer 205 Neumann Bros., bookbinders 204 Newbury, H. C, com. merchant 170 Newell. D. C. & Sons, lumber, etc 136 New Era Baking Co., The, John J. Love, prop 210 New York Central Steam Laundry, The 125 New York Coin and Stamp Co., David Proskcy, Mgr.. 180 New York Milk and Cream Co 157 New York Truss and Bandage Institute. 144 Nippon Mercantile Co., importers Japanese goods 134 Nooney, R. B., Madison Market 127 O'Connor, M. E., builders' hardware, etc 14 ' Ogle, Thomas, veteritiary surgeon 193 Orths, H., merchant tailor 150 Osborne Boarding Stables, R. D. Mclick, prop 159 Overin, Geo. P., mfr. whips, etc 165 Overton, T. F., chemist 203 Payi-;. J., agent for brick by cargo 147 Pakas, S. L., importing tailor 213 Palette Art Company, The 130 Palmer ..S: Miley, impurlers wines, etc 153 Parkin, Wm. P,., S: Co.. dru!;gists 157 Parmly. hats 164 Patry, P., lumber 141 Peek, E., lumber 103 Perot, Francis, coal, etc 115 Persian Rug and Carpet Works, The 107 Person, Orren D., architectural terra-cotta, etc 114 Petersen, J. C, house-furnishing goods, etc 197 Penrhyn Slate Co., The 145 Ph(i-ni.x Hat Works, F. V'oges & Co., proprs 216 Plate, Henry D., corks and cork-wood 191 Pl.itl, practical hatter 172 Pollock, 1;. II., mfr. harness, etc 13') Post. N'. .\.. dentist 20i) Priest, Calvin M., stables 21b Pruden, W. E., hardware, etc 2o() Pusey & Co., printers 171 Putnam House, L. R. Kerr, prop i?') Qi ACi-ii.Niu'sii, TowNSEND & Co., hardware 105 Quimby. Z. M.. jewelry, etc i^"- Quinn, W. H. & Co., hardware specialties i>5 Racket Book and Stationery Store. Tiik 1 ^^ Viii GENERAL INDEX. I'AGE Randolph. A. D. F., &Co., publishers, etc 113 Rasenberger, C. & Son, importers musical instruments 15S Rathbuii, M., wholesale h.iy, grain, etc 160 Raul'fus, E., upholsterer and decorator 207 Rigny, A., wines, liquors, etc 117 Roberts, Arthur, mfr. mother-of-pearl work 165 Roe, William B. , English woollens importer 1S5 Romaine, W. R., furniture 171 Roome's, Wm. H., Son, real estate, etc 144 Rosenthal, H., & Bros., mfrs. of brushes 123 Rowan, M., ice-cream depot 128 Rushworlh. John, steam hoisting machinery 174 Ryan, M., jeweller 20S Ryan, P.. packing-boxes 179 Salter Bros., wool brokers 151 Sargent Mfg. Co., The, furniture specialties 19S Sarles, Hickson, mfr. boots and shoes 172 Sayles, Sol., butcher, etc 122 Schellhase, John, furniture 205 Scherinerhorn's Teachers' Agency, etc 136 Scherer, H., florist 169 Schlesier, F. H. \V., & Son, stationery, etc 170 Schmickl, F., mfr. bags 172 Schmidt, E., grocer loS Schnoter. J. C, trusses, etc 177 Schoenefeld, C, apothecary ibS Schoverling, A., mfrs.' agent 120 Schubert Piano Co 112 Schuff, J. J., mfr. travelling trunks 162 Schultlic'is, A., furrier no Schultze, C. E. L., jeweller, etc 209 See, A. W., & Co., mfrs. gold foil, etc 131 Serven, I., mfr. brass fireplaces, etc 152 Shannon, D., wholesale butcher 121 Shiels, Geo. E., ladies' drug parlors 116 Sheldon Mfg. Co., stoves 1 16 Shortmeier, C, painter 206 Sibbel, J., modeller and sculptor 135 Siebold, H. F., machinist 172 Siede, Henry, furrier 212 Simpson, J., dry goods 141 Skinnell, D. A., mfr. silver-ware, etc 153 Smith, F. M-, painter and paper-hangtr 174 Smith, A. P., real estate 174 Smith, B. & W. B., artistic store fixtures 161 Smith, D. N., mfr. glass. 169 Smith, N. F. , restaurant 118 Smith, Paul G., chemist, etc 169 Smith, R. F., hosier, glover, etc 171 Spear & Co., horse bandages 183 Spurgeon, Geo., clothing 165 Standard Slate Works, mantels 192 Starr, F. J., dentist 176 .Stebbins, C. J., Keystone steel and iron nails 17S -Steele, Alexander, general engraver 1S3 Stevens, Geo. W., dentist 205 Stewart, John, real estate, etc 142 Stillings, I. I., mnfr. fine saddlery 132 Stilwell, J. W., stables 145 Stivers, R. M., carriages and wagons 192 Stube, H., fiour, grain, etc 176 PACE Styles & Cash, printers, etc i6o Sullivan, M. J., hay and straw 203 Swift, Chas. N., Manufacturing Co 163 Sypher & Co., artistic and antique furniture .. 102 Tennis Tr.xnsfer E.\.I'REss Co 203 Terrell & X'room, doors, sashes, blinds, etc 185 Tietz, U. G., tailor j^g Todd, (id). E.. wholesale grains 159 Torrey, J. R., \- Co., mfr. razor stiops, etc 117 Townsend, Thos. C, plumber 169 Thedford. G. W., coal and wood 197 Theune, H., musical instruments 203 Thorn & Wilson, architects 157 Tredwell, Slote & Co,, clothiers 193 Tripier. Thos. E., second-hand building materials 134 Troy City Laundry, The 162 Trull, J. H., dentist 155 TuUy. J. F.. florist 205 Turner, Dr. J. A., dentist 206 Turner, P. F., mfr. sheep and hog casings 205 Turner, R. W., stationer 177 Union Indurated Fibre Co 122 University .Market, E. F. Smith, prop 152 University Market, M. Mannberger, propr 152 Van Dt zER & Co . wholesale druggists, etc. . , 114 Van Horn, F. S., & Co., carriage hardware, etc 143 Van Tassell & Kearney, auctioneers, etc no Van Tine, A. C, & Co. , tailors, etc iig Vehslage Bros., coal dealers 1S3 Vetter, J. C, & Co., electricians 155 Vienna and Paris Art Co., The, Hugo Von Asten, prop. 155 Vroman, S.. & Co., hay, straw, etc 107 Waekkr \- Keys, livery stables 119 1 Ward, Wm. R., mfr. shirts, etc 150 Waters, J. L., grocer 160 Weidenian's fine candies 163 Werner, A., \- Co., wines, etc 146 Westerman, B., & Co., booksellers, etc 103 Westervelt eV Demarest, dry goods 184 Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co 194 White, E. C. brass and bronze works. . . 162 Wickett, R. S., artificial limb mfr 107 Wieland, J., pharmacist 168 Wigand. O., & Son, bookbinders 149 Wilbur, H., artist 149 Wiley's Cooperage 120 Williams J. & W., Central steam carpet-cleaning works 165 Williams & Potter, engineers and contractors 167 Willis, T., furniture, etc 214 Wilson, Adams & Co., lumber .. 122 Wilsonia Magnetic Appliance Co 105 Wolf, F. & J. C, stained glass 128 Wolf, George, meats 211 Woodbury Bros., mfrs. brushes 140 Woods, Lovvry, & Co., importers of woollens 135 Woolley, J. B., Japanese, Turkish, India goods, etc... 141 Worch, C, destroyer of moths 148 Wright, Jas. T., glassware, crockery, plated ware, etc. 191 Wuerz Bros., job printers 20S YouMANS, D. D., hatter 121 Young Bros., hats 216 i?p^ - - - : --r - ' - -0 1:^. ^BTI^OFOLIS OF W"DP^Y. ■ OI^K The metropolis of the Western Hemisphere, is to-day the most wonderful city in the world. Second only to London as a financial and commercial centre, it is making such rapid strides that a recent prophecy made in AVall Street, that the city is soon destined to become the chief money mart of the globe, now appears to be rapidly materializing, 'l lie many distinctive features of foreign life found within its limits is entirely unlike that of any other city. With more sons of the Emerald Isle than can be found in Dublin; a greater population of Germans than are included in any city of the Fatherland, alone excepting Berlin ; Italy having a larger representation than Naples can boast of; more Hebrew residents than can be enumerated in the leading city of their fathers; a Chinese contingent sufficiently numerous to have tlieir separate places of trade, worship, and amusement; and thousands of representatives of nearly every prominent nation on the face of the earth, and, with it all, thoroughly American. A work on "The World, Its Cities, and People," gives considerable space to New York, and says, " No description of New York can be perfect which omits the superlative adjectives ; for one of tlie foremost 34 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. ambitions of the builders of the city has been to secure superlative effects. Nor are the standards of comparison American only; for the harbor is more beautiful, the streets more unclean, Broadway more brilliant, the commercial buildings more pretentious, the tenement-houses more crowded, the parks more lovely, than the similar appurtenances of the cities of Europe and Asia, with but a few exceptions. Pope's celebrated characterization of Lord Bacon, superlative in praise and censure, wisest, brightest, meanest, might be paraphrased as an epigram on New York. It is popularly known as the Empire City ; but Irving, its most honored son, also called it Gotham, the ' Home of the Wiseacres,' after the stupid old village of Nottinghamshire, and this title, too, is in common use. As Mr. G. J. Holyoake has expressed it, ' New York itself is a miracle which a large book would not be sufficient to explain. When I stepped ashore, then I thought I was in a larger Rotterdam ; when I found my way to Broadway, it seemed as though I was in Paris, and that Paris had taken to business. There were quaintness, grace and gaiety, brightness and grimness, all about.' Mr. Moncure D. Conway says: 'There isn't a city so attractive elsewhere on earth.' * See Naples and die ' was an adage before New York became so beautiful, but it should be changed to ' See New York and live.' As Colley Grattan saw the town, it ' looked half Dutch, half French, something between Paris and Rotterdam.' In the quieter streets, M. Ampere fancied tliat he ' found once more the ancient little HoUandish city, as calm, as phlegmatic, as the American city is active and ardent. The Marquis of Lome saw it as an odd mixture of all sorts of European towns, but unlike any one of them ! Anthony TroUope wrote that " no other American city is so intensely American as New York." The population of New York exceeds a million and a half, and the area of the city is 27,000 acres of ground, the extreme length being near seventeen miles, and from one-half to four and one-half miles wide. Its importance throughout the civilized world is felt and recognized, and through its portals come nearly all the emigrants that reach this country, the number having been as high as 476,086 in a single year. Its position to-day is sure, and the metropolis now will be so until the eiid of time. The future of New York, from its unexceptional location, is assurred, and from the present may spring a collossal city, rivalling London itself in population. To substantiate this, we have only to observe the immediate country surrounding the city. Brooklyn has long been simply the habitable quarter of New York, nearest to business and cheapest for residence. The New York elevated railways, which would have thrown tliat quarter into the distance, are balanced by the great Brooklyn Bridge and its steam transit, and the prospective Blackwell's Island Bridge. Brooklyn has already about three-quarters of a million inhabitants, and it has ample room for unlimited growth, over the level fields of Long Island stretching out eastward, and can spread southward ten miles to the sea if needs be. A cluster of cities with an aggregate of near a half million has already grown up on the New Jersey arms and affluents of our metropolitan harbor. More foreign goods are now landed in Jersey City and Hoboken than in any other place in the United States, except New York. Paterson is one of the greatest silk factories in the world. It makes nearly all the sewing silks and two-thirds of the colored silk dress goods and ribbons sold in this country, and is besides eminent in the building of locomotives and machinery. Newark is a swarming hive of industry, with 150,000 irrhabitants. It is the special seat of gold, jewelry, leather, small hardware, and thread manufacture. Of the whole west side congeries of cities, it is the natural and the actual nucleus — stretching its gas and electric-lighted streets in every direction, to Elizabeth, to Orange, to Bloomfield, to Montclair, and seven miles along the Passaic on both sides. Newark is a city of special character, quite the antipodes of Paterson or any other mill city. In- stead of machine tenders, it is full of skilled artisans, and hence it is and always will be the home of the finer mechanical arts. At Elizabethport sewing machines for half of the world are made. Jersey City is a rapid growing environ of New York, it stretching away to the north, until Hoboken begins its incorporated existence, both cities being important business points, and bearing a close and intimate relation with the great centre. To the north, east, west, and even south (which includes the popular and attractive Staten Island), the numerous cities and towns are all adjuncts and parts of the great city of New York. While all these may not be more closely cemented together, under one incorporated head with New York, it is not an improbable result of the future to state that Brooklyn and the smaller cities on that side of East River will become a part of the greater city. The West will have great cities, but New York will be as distinctly the metropolis a hundred years hence as it is to-day. Having briefly looked into the future, we must now ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. 35 Bowling Green and Lower Broadway. invite our readers to a retrospect, before entering fully into the subject of a general description of New^ York. THE SETTLEMENT AND EARLY GROWTH. To tell the story of the discovery, settlement, and upbuilding of New York is to relate the history of the early days of the great Republic, for through the portals of the world-renowned metropolis of the West- ern hemisphere the first colonists of the " new land" came from the too-much governed countries of Europe, spread themselves over the Red Men's domain from ocean to ocean, and founded a nation the like of which never before existed and which to-day is the envy and admiration of both Christendom and Heathendom. The growth of the New World and its metropolis have been marvelous, and in the whole realm of history, ancient and modern, no parallel record is to be found. The pioneer settlers were fugitives from despotic rule, hunters for freedom and peaceful homes, and men ready to face dangers by flood and field to win habitations and liberty for themselves and families. The country of which they laid the foundations has be- come one of the most extensive and populous on the globe, and while it has been developing its resources, materializing its entombed wealth, perfecting its free institutions, and teaching the rest of the world the les- son of self-government, the dynasties of the Old World have been losing their grip upon the people, tottering to their fall, and, in some instances, losing their very identity by absorption. Eleven years before the Puritans stepped from the Mayflower on to the historic rock of Plymouth, an Englishman, Henry Hudson, a navigator in the service of the Dutch, had found his way to New York Bay, and there discovered what is now the western terminus of the principal ocean-ferries of two vast Christian continents, and, prospectively, the leading city in the world. This was in 1609. Tradition, however, has -36 ILLUSTRATED NEW \ORK. it that seventy-years before this c]>ol1i, a I'lorentine, named Verrazano, in the employ of the French Government, was in New Yurk I)a\- with a shij). If irulh is in the tradition, neither \'errazano nor his employers deemed it worth while to take advanlay:e of the discovery of what has proved to be the j^ateway to the chief city of one of the greatest nations of the earth. Hudson and liis emplovers, however, were of a different mould. Hudson sailed u[> the beautiful river which has since borne his name, and proceeded as far as the present site di All)an\-. The ci>untr\- thus discovered was inhabited by the IMohawks, a f(jfmidable and war-like tribe nf Indians; and the Manhattans, who inhabited the island on which New York City is built, were also a fierce and warlike nation. In 1610 a ship was sent from Amsterdam to trade with these Indians, and other vovages were made during the succeeding _\ears. In ifii3 small trading pusts were erected on the river, and several houses were built on Manhattan Inland. ( )n the 2i;th .Abuxh, 1614. their High Mightinesses the States General [\\ ■ o\erei's, who, upon the passage of this grant, formed themselves into a company, called the L iiUed Netherlands Company. This company built, among other forts, one on the southern point of Manhattan Island. The grant expiring in 1618, the compan\- petitioned for its renewal in vain. Pri\ate traders, however, continued to \-isit the country for the ])uri)oses of traffic. In June, 1621, an armed mercantile association was chartered • as the Dutch West India Company, and this cor- pc)rati'>n. on the 20th of jiine, 1^23, sent out a ship called the New Netherlands to their newly acquiied j loss jssious. In 1C124. Peter Minuit, having been aj)pointed director of these ])Ossessions, came from Amsterdani with se\eral lamilics of Walloons, inhabitants i>{ the frontiers of Ik'lgium and France. These settled 0,1 a ba\' of Long Island, and it was calleil from them W'ahlebocht, or ba_\- of foreigners, a name since corrupted uUo Wallabout. The government was vested in the director and a council of five. The important officer of the colony was the Sch >ut Fiscal, who filled both the offices of sheriff and attornev-general. Under the superintendence of these authorities the trade of the colon_\- proS{)ered. In 1626 Staten Island was purchased of the Indians, and in the same year Manhattan Island was pur- chased with goods valued at twent\-four dollars! The fort u]ioii the island received the title of Fort Amstertlam, and the colonv that of New Amsterdam. Though the island remained a mere trading post for a few years, it had now entered upon that career which has culminated in a CITY RANKING THIRD IN THE WORLD in extent and jiopulation, and the first in tommerce. In i'')32 ^liiuut w,is recalled, and the government of ^^'outer Van Twiller installed; and after a lapse of fi\e \ears of mal-administration, \'an 'I'w iUer w as succeeded hv \\'illiam Kieft, During the atlministration of \'an Twiller, difficulties arose between the k'n-lish settlers on the Connecticut River and the Dutch authiirities, the Fnglisli claiming, and the Dutch denying, the region watered by the Connecticut. In iri3S ilie restrictions wdiich had pre\i(iUsly been jil.iced upon trade by the Dutch West India Company were taken off and free trafiic encouraged. This ste]) gave a new impulse to emigialion. Persecution, too, drove many colonists from New L.ngland and Virginia to settle among the more tolerant Dutch, and in the mean time the aguiessive disposition of the English continued. The Dutch colonists had also discontented Indians to deal with. The latter saw with daily increasing envy and dislike the heritage of their fathers thus falling from them. War was the consequence, and for five years it desolated the colony. In 1645, Peter Stu\ vesant, whose name is inseparably associated with the early histor}' of New- York, became the governor, and only terminated his administration by the capture of his colony by the English on the 6th of September, 1664. It was then that the present busy island of ]\Ianhattan took its NAME OF NEW YORK, out of compliment to the Duke of York, to whom the conquered colony w^as granted by his brother, the King of England. Colonel Nichols was appointed governor, and he, on June 12, 1666, granted a THE M H T R C ) P O L 1 S OF TO-DAY. 37 charter to the city of Now Voik. 'I'lic Dutch, iimwcvct, rccai.turctl the colony on August 7, 1673, and they at once chan-cd the iiaine b> New Onin-c, <>f wliich Captain Anthony Colve was appointed governor. The colony, liowevcr, was not de^li^ed to l)e Dutch, tor by the treaty of Fclnuary 9, 1674, it was icstorctl to llie English, and in the Idlli.wini^ autumn, as the rci>ivseiUalivc of the Duke of \\>vk. C\)K)nel Nichols again assumed jiosi- tion as governor and restored to the jjlace the name New- York. In 1685 the tiuke ascended the English throne as lames 11., but the Revolution of 1688 cut sliorl his reign and he was succeeded by William III. and .Mary as heritors of the throne. In the year succeeding this event an insur- rection was raised by jacol) Leister, who overthrew the un- popular administration of Nichols, anil strengthened the fort by a battery of six guns outside its walls. *rhis was tlie origin of the "Battery," of which more anon. Leister, however, was in 1 69 1 seized and executed for treason and murder. From this lime on no important event transpired until 1741, when an alleged discovery was maile of a plot on the jiart of slaves — for New Y'ork was early engaged in the slave trade — to burn the city and murder the white colonists. Twenty negroes were hanged, a lesser number were burned at the stake, and seventy-five were transp. jrted. Three years later war wXs declared between h'.nnland and France, and the colonists of New York and New Fjigland attacked the French fortress at Louishurg. In retaliation the Indians in the pa)' of the French subsec|uently harassed the colonists. Peace having been securetl l)y treaty between the French and F^nglish in 1748, the colony prospered for a few years, . and it had barely recovered from the wars when, in 1754. die French resumed hostilities, and they wei*e not iiuietetl until their power was crippled and they were compelled to sur- render their possessions east of the ]\Iississippi on September 8, 1759. Five years had barely elapsed before the colonists, who had been spending their treasure and blood for British conquest, were eager to take up arms, as they subsecjuenily did successfully, against English dominion in the colonies. The imposition of the Stamp Act in 1764 ami the other atrocities of the British Government which fol- lowed it led to that famous struggle for independence with which every school-boy is so familiar that it need not be enlarged upon here. The citizens of New York were amongst the first to resist the oppression. In 1765 the "Sons of Lii)erty " v.ere organized to oppose the Stamp Act, and in October of the same year a congress composed of delegates from the colonies of the New England and Middle States met in this city to take into consideration their grievances. South Carolina had also delegates here. This congress made declaration of Steps Leading Waslungton Building. THE PRIVILEGES AND RIGHTS OF THE COLONISTS. Liberty-poles had at this period been frecpiently erected in New York Citv, and as often been destroyed by the British soldiery. In 1770 a meeting of three thousand citizens resolved not to submit to British oppression; and in 1773 a Yigilance Committee was formed to resist the landing of taxed tea: and in the following year the committee sent back to F'ngland a tea-laden vessel, and from another ship they threw eighteen chests of tea overboard. In April, 1775, a provincial convention met at New Y'ork, and elected delegates to the second congress. The colonists of ^Massachusetts, however, had struck the match of the Revolution, and the news of the battle of Lexington caused great excitement in New York. The arms of the city were ordered to Boston, but before they could be shipped they were seized by the authorities. The war had now commenced, and the fortunes of the Continental 38 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. army from this time to the acknowledgment by England of the will of the "sovereign people" were various. In the State of New York were fought many of the famous battles of the period — those of Brooklyn Heights, Harlem Heights, Bemis' Heights, Stony Point, Ticonderoga, Fort Schuyler, Still- water, and Saratoga, at the last of which General Burgoyne surrendered to the Americans. On the 1 8th of September, 1776, as a result of the disastrous defeat of the American troops, under General Washington, on Long Island, New York City fell into the hands of the British troops, who held it until the 26th of November, 1783, when they evacuated it — an event still annually celebrated under the name of " Evacuation Day.'' New York then became the CAPITAL OF THE STATE AND SEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT of the United States. As the State capital it held the distinction from 1784 to 1797, and as the cap- ital of the nation from 1795 to 1798. In the latter year the adoption of the National Constitution in Battery Park and Castle Garden. the previous year at Philadelphia was celebrated in grand style in New York; and on April 30, 1789, Washington was inaugurated at the old City Hall, which stood on the site of the present Treasury Building, as the first President of the United States. In the war with England from 181 2 to 181 5, New York contributed of her best blood and treasure: and when the tucsin of rebellion against the Union was sounded in the Snuth in 1861. the patriotic citizens of the metropolis were prompt and decisive in meeting the foe. Barracks were speedily erected on the public squares; immense fleets left the port with vast armies of men for the southern coasts, and 116,382 stalwart sons of New York went into the field to do battle for the preservation of the Union. In 1863, however, when the Confederate armies were sweeping victoriously into the Northern States, the militia regiments which had been retaincil in the citv in the interests of order were despatched to give relief to the hard-pressed Federal forces. Then the thieves and cutthroats in the city came from out of their haunts and estab- lished for a time a reign of terror. Wherever a soldier or a negro was found he was killed, and mansions and stores were plundered and robbed on ^very hand. For several days the marauders held high carnival, indeed, until troops could be brought back to the city, when, before an unsparing use of bayonet and grape-shot they either succumbed or hurried into their hiding-places. Since that terrible day the metropolis has done homage by statues to the memory of her brave sons who fell in the THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 39 internecine conflict, and itj-day it olTcis, as i!ie great portal of a mighty continent, a haven of refuge for the downtrodden and opijresscd, and a hunic fur the sl<.ilied, diUgent, and ambitious of the nations beyond the seas. Having thus told in brief the story of the discovery of the Island of Manhattan and (jf its struggles against foreign domination and for self-government, it is lilting we sliould make reference to the MAGNIFICENT MARINE GATEWAY of the glorious New World, through which the surplus population of Europe chiefly enters into the "Promised Land." i\L .\in[)erc has put on record his opinion that the three grandest commercial scenes in the world are the Thames between London and (Greenwich, the docks of Liverpool, and the two river-banks of \e\v \'ork, where one may walk for hours between a range of buildings and a range of shijis. The harbor has been pronounced by travellers who have visited all parts of the habitable globe to be one of the most beautiful in the world, and to have but one successful rival on the Atlantic ocean — the harbor of Rio de Janeiro. The harbor of New York consists of two bays, known as the Lower New York Bay and New York Bay. 'Lhe lower bay opens directly into the ocean, and is formeil by Sandy Hook and its bar. It is eighteen miles from the city, and may be cros.sed by two deep ship-canals from 21 to 32 feet dee]) at ebb tide, and from 27 to 39 feet at the flood, thus admitting shi[)s of the greatest draught. From this ba)' the harbor proper — New Y'ork Bay — is entered by the magnificent gateway of the Narrows, formed by the apjjroach of the opposite shores of .'^taten Island and Long Island to within a mile of each other. Nature in one of her bountiful moods formed here a gateway through which no hostile fleet can pass that is not impregnable to shot and shell. On the long Island side are Fort Lafayette, on a reef of rocks 200 yards from tlie shore, and the Air-reaching outworks of F'ort Hamilton with its hundred guns, many of Avhich are capable of throwing shot weighing a thousand pounds against the side of a slii]). On the western, or Staten Island, shore are Forts Wadsworth (formerly called Ivichmond) and Tompkins, the latter located on the heights, and the firmer on the water's edge. Wadsworth is the second strongest fort in the Union, and it can sweep the whole strait \vith its guns. To pass up through the bays to New York City from the ocean a hostile lleet would find it no pleasurable ]iicnic. The cannonade of the lunette and redoubts on Sandy Hook would be first encountered, next the missiles of 400 pieces of heavy artillery at the Narrows, and after these the pounding of 300 guns on the forts of the inner harbor, to say nothing of the firing of the American fleet and the explosion of torpedoes that would line the narrow channel. New York Bay is from to 5^^ miles broad, — averaging 3 miles, — 8 miles long, and about 25 miles in periphery, forming a basin of capacity sufficient to receive the navies of the world. This bay communicates with Newark Bay through the river Kill-von-Kull on the west, separat- ing Staten Island and Bergen Point. From the inner harbor also stretch the Hudson and East rivers. The inner defences of the harbor consist of batteries on Bedloe's and Ellis' Islands, on the west side of the bay; and on (Governor's Island, 3,200 leet from the city, are Fort Columbus, in the form of a star, commanding the si_)utli side of the channel: on the suuthwest ])oint. Castle William, a round tower 600 feet in circuit and 60 feet high; and on the southwest side. South Battery, commanding the entrance through Buttermilk Chaiuiel. The entrance from the sound to the F^ast River is defended by Fort Schuyler, (jn Throgg's Neck. Besides the defences mentioned, the whole of the surrounding heights of the bay could, in the case of war, be readily fortified, and Castle Garden and the Battery Esplanade would furnish ready-made sites for an c\tensi\e armament. No port in the world could be more easily placed in a condition of defence. The width .if the North, or Hudson, River is one mile to Jersey City at the ferry, and one and a half miles to Iloboken. The width of the F^ast River is from one third to half a mile. At the South Ferry it is 1300 yards, at Fulton F^erry 731 yards, and at Catherine Ferry 736 yards. Both the inner and outer harbors present enchanting views. The outer one is boundeil with charming effect by the high wood-clad hills of Neversink, the popular beach resorts of the north New Jersev coast, anil the Summer cities on Coney Island. The inner harbor is rich in varied scenery, and, besides all the natural lieauty of the location, there cannot be a finer spectacle than is presented in the great city spread before it, with its piers crowded with 40 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. Coenties ilip nnd Elevated Railroad. a dense forest of masts bearing the flags of all nations, the shipping at anchor in midstream, and the countless steamboats and vessels flitting about hither and thither with the greatest activity. THE NORTH AND EAST RIVERS are lined by substantial wharves, with notable exceptions, however, and supporting in some instances dingy looking sheds, etc. A foreigner, on getting a first glance at these, especially after having inspected the trim, substantial sea-walls and docks of Liverpool or London, is by no means favorably impressed with the character of the accommodation aff'orded to shipping, and his eye finds more attraction among the tall, graceful buildings and sky-pointing spires in the background. Yet alongside these weather-beaten and uninviting-lm )king wooden docks the largest commerce in the world is moored, and the harbor and rivers are open to traffic at all seasons, even when the bays and rivers much further south are frozen up. That the bay and rivers here are kept open for navigation is due to strong currents and to the constant agitation of the water by the tides and numerous vessels that are moving to and fro continuously. The whole harbor, however, was covered with a solid mass of ice in 1780, and again in 1820. Very rarely since has either river been frozen. In the month 01 January, 1852, the East River was obstructed for a short period, but the North River remained open. Thousands of persons crossed over the ice from Brooklyn to New York. The rise of the tide in the harbor is nearly seven feet. Going northward the rise of the tide increases, and in the Bay of Fundy is ninety feet, the maximum of the coast. Southwardly it decreases, and in the Gulf of Mexico is but eighteen inches. Undl about three or four years ago the East River, at a spot called Hell Gate, was somewhat dangerous to vessels owing to the submarine rocks and reefs that abounded ; but an upheaval of thest water-covered rocks by monster blasts rendered the passage perfectly safe and easy ; THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 41 and tt)-day the largest vessels afUial tan find sale sailinj^ and antliorage in either of the two rivers nanicil. wliicli are connected at the upper end of New Xnyk C'it\ li\ llie Harlem River. These rivers, anti notablv liie Hudson River, appropriately called the American Rhine, jjossess great natural beauty apart from the irrei;uhir and unattractive wharves supported on piles and in various conditions ol preservation or dilapidation. For years the commercial interests of ihe city have suflcred from bad wharfage, but belter i)ieis are now in process of construction, and the future promises much in the line of improvements. On the North River are eighty piers, and on the East River seventy, and the total avaihit)le water-frontage of New York, not reckoning the New Jersey and Long Island shores, which are fully used for the accommodation of the shipi)ing interest of the city, ' is 24f miles. 'Lhree notable improvements have long been in contemplation and in some instances begun, to belter the con- dition of ilie water-front : i. A permanent river-wall of i/i'/on and masonry, or masonry alone, so far outside the existing wharf-line as to give a river-street 250 feet wide along the North River, 200 feet wide along the East River, from the southern extremity of the cit\' to Thirty-first Street, and 175 feet wide along botii streels above that point. 2. A series of piers projecting from the river-wall, of ample dimensions and adecpiate construction, wliith will allow an unobstructed jiassage of the water. 3. The erection of sheds o\er these pieis suitable lo the requirements ol" the \'esscls using them. Aside from the attractions briefly mentioned, tlie tw>) greatest to the stranger, as he approaches the city from the harbor, are THE STATUE OF LIBERTY AND THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE. The Statue of "Liberty Enlightening the World" stands on Bedloe's Island. It is the creation of M. Bartholdi, and is the gift of the French ]ieople to America. The cost was $250,000, and the gift was rec^iveil on Bedloe's Islaml in June, 18S5. Through the cti'orts of the New York Work/ over $100,000 were raised b\- subscription to provide the pedestal and to erect the statue thereon. 'Lhe following are the dimensions of the great work : /■/. //.'. Ft. J,i. Height from base to lorcli 151 i Width of mouth 3 o Foundation of pedestal to torch - 305 6 Tablet, length 23 7 Heel to top of head in Tablet, width 13 7 Length of hand 16 5 Tablet, thickness 2 o Index-finger S o dimic.nsions of the i euestai.. Circumference at second joint 7 6 Size of finger-tiail 13-f 10 in. "^'^^^ °/ v^A.; , ,1 t Grecian columns above base 72 8 Distance across the eye 2 6 ' Length of nose 4 6 dimensions of tme foundations. Right arm, length 42 o Height of foundation 65 o Right arm, greatest thickness 12 o Square sides at bottom 91 o Thickness of waist 35 o Square sides at top 66 7 The statue weighs 450.000 pounds, or 225 tons. The bronze alone weighs 200,000 pounds. Forty persons can stand coinlortably in the head, and the torch will hold twelve people. The total number of steps in the winding stairway which leads from the base of the foundation to the top of the torch is 403. PTom the ground to the top of the pedestal there are 195 steps. 'i he number of steps in the statue, from the pedestal to the head, is 154, and the ladder leading up through the e.xtended right arm to the torch has 54 rounds. The electric light in the inside of the torch-lamp aggregates 50,000 candle power, and at the base of the statue 30,000 candle power, being 80,000 candle power in all. 'Lhe entire electrical plant is the gift of President (iolT, of the American System. The entire cost of the work from beginning to end is estimated at S700.000. The statue of Lilierty is the tallest statue in the world. Brooklyn Bridge is the greatest work in briilge-building the world has ever seen. The construction began in 1871, and the bridge was opened May 24, 1883, the total cost of ihe erection having been $15,000,000. The work was conceived by John A. Roebling, and it was built from his plans. In the progress of the work he had his foot crushed, lockjaw supervened and he died. He was succeeded by 43 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. his son, Colonel Washington A. Roebling, who, in the caissons, contracted a mysterious disease that had proved fatal to several workmen, and he was rendered a hopeless invalid. The bridge unites the cities of New York and Brooklyn. Its length is 5,989 feet, and its width 89 feet. It is suspended from two massive piers, 287 feet high, by four steel-wire cables, each sixteen inches in diameter. In the centre of the bridge is an elevated promenade, on each side of which is a railroad-track for pas- senger-cars, propelled by a stationary engine. Outside of the railroad-track, on each side, are the road- ways for vehicles. From the under side of the bridge, in the centre, to the water, is 135 feet. The piers rest on caissons of yellow pine, iron, and concrete, sunk in the bed of the river. There is wire enough used in the cables to stretch nearly two thirds of the way around the world. Foot-passengers are charged one cent and railroad-passengers three cents each. Last year the bridge was crossed by 27,436,707 persons, of whom 2,965,400 walked. The receipts were $755,690, the railroad taking in #673,580, the carriage-way $64,518, and the promenade $17,592. Four " cranks," seeking notoriety, have jumped from the top of the bridge, and one lost his life. During the present year a young painter, working on the under side of the bridge, fell into the river, and was picked up little the worse for his " ducking." SHIPPING AND COMMERCE. As the stranger approaches the water-front of the great city he is soon made acquainted with scenes and incidents that have no common fascination. Among the dilapidated-looking old piers, and out on the rivers, are vessels of all kinds and descriptions. Perhaps no part of the water-front is more attrac- tive than those quays on the North River where lie moored the immense ocean steamers that bring us thousands of tourists and immigrants and the most valuable freight from all parts of the Old World. By the sides of these, and e.xtending as far as the eye can carry along the northern and eastern piers, are the neat, trim steamships engaged in carrying commerce between the great metropolis and the Southern ports — Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, New Orleans, Galveston, Bermuda, and Me.xico ; and also Havana, Hayti, Jamaica, Trinidad, the Bahamas, and the ports on the Spanish Main. Here, too, are hundreds of ferryboats and excursion-vessels, coasting-steamers, oyster-barges, market-boats from up the Hudson and Long Island Sound, canal-boats from Western New York, colliers from the historic Delaware, fishing-smacks and passenger-boats from the Old Iky State, and gallant craft from Canadian shores. At the southern end of the East River water-front the canal-boats which receive their freight from the Erie Canal "do most congregate," carrying a large floating population of boatmen's families, and weighted with the rich ])roducts of the West. By day and night the New York waters present a most animated and attractive sight, and particularly on a bright moonlight night, when the water has the ap- pearance of rippling silver, and lights of many colors flash far and near from every description of mov- ing craft, including the ever-busy squat ferryboats, skipping swiftly like so many enormous turtles on the surface of the "briny" from shore to shore. All this never-ceasing activity betokens business — business of a solid and substantial character, the receipt, storage, handling, and despatching of the commerce of every clime and of every kintl. On and behind the crazy old jetties and worm-eaten wooden docks, picturesque in their very dilapidation, and in the massive towering buildings locked together on the sloping sides of the city, and that stand as a background to the attractive display of masts, rigging, and flags, are concentrated the products of every land and sea ; and here is a commercial showing the like of which no other port or nation in the world can boast. As a place of habitation NEW YORK HAD ITS ORIGIN IN COMMERCIAL INTERESTS. It was in the interests of commerce that the Dutch came, saw, and remained; it was in the same interests that the British came, conquered, and kept up dominion until ejected; and it was in the interests of commercial freedom that the "sovereign people" arose in their majesty, threw off the yoke of bond- age, and founded the metropolis of the greatest and most prosperous Republic the world has ever beheld. New York, however, has not always held its present eminence as the chief commercial port in the coun- try. There was a time when it was graded as holding only third or fourth rank. Boston was in the forefront; and the now quiet, staid, fashionable Newport came second in importance; and even Philadel- phia took precedence of New York in the extent of its commercial transactions. In 1678, the then gov- THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 48 ernor of New York, the notorious Andros, wrote of the colon)': "Our merchants are not many, but with inhabitants and planters about 2000 able to bear arms, old inhabitants of the place or of England, except in and near New Yorke, of Dutch extraction, and some few of all nations, but few servants, much wanted, and but very few slaves;" and "Our pro^luce is land provisions of all sorts, as of wheate, exported yearly about 60,000 bushells, pease, beefe, j)ork, and some fish, tobacco, etc." Nearly a hundred years later, in 1774, (governor Tryon reported that the annual amount of the exports to Great Britain was £130,000 ($650,000), the produce thus exported consisting of "wheat, Indian corn, oats, rye, pease, barley and buckwheat, live stock, timber and lumber, flour, pork, beef, etc." Commercial interests have always directly influenced New York's changes of fortune, and are now the main support of its greatness. With the fluctuation of the course of events, with regard to general commerce, there has always been a corresponding change in the ratio of the city's increase of popula- tion, and of its general prosperity. The Revolution wrecked the commercial fortunes of Newport, and its shipping trade was transferred to New York, whose first period of great prosperity after the successful military struggle with England was from 1790 to 1800, during which decade its population increased at : • nfi 51" ' New York Harbor, fr om Elevated R. R. Terminus. a ratio of 82.16 per cent, namely, from 33,131 (1790) to 60,489 (1800). During this period the Old World, involved in wars, was making constant demand upon the industry of the New World; and the produce of the interior was pressing to the shores of the Atlantic, whence the shipping of New York carried it abroad, returning again with goods for distribution both in its own and neighboring markets. The business of the city consetiueinly wonderfully increased, and its attentiant advantages drew hither capital and also men to participate in the profits arising from the large investment then made. During the next decade there was a falling off of the ratio of increase of populadon and wealth, and business enter- prise was greatly depressed. Though the population increased in this period at a ratio of 59^^ percent — from 60,489 in 1800 to 96,373 in 1810 — the increase in wcilth was but eight per cent, namely, from $24,486,370 to $26,436,370. In the succeeding ten years the war of 181 2 with Great Britain entirely destroyed the foreign commerce of the city for three years; after which, from 181 5 to 1820, it again revived and greatly advanced in wealth. The increase of its wealth during the entire decade from iSio to 1820 was 163 per cent — from $26,436,370 to $69,530,753. The increase in population, however, was only 28^^ per cent — from 96,373 to 123,706 — which ratio is less than tliat of any other decade, and exhibits with extraordinary clearness the de[)endence of New York City u-pon commerce, since during 44 ILLUSTRATED NEW \'ORK. this same period the increase of the population of the State was more rapid than ever. In 1820 com- merce again revived, and steadily increased until 1825. in which year it reached a climax that was not again attained until 1831. In 1826 the completion of the ERIE CANAL opened a new source of prosperity to the commerce of the city, and it assisted in the formation of the great speculations which -soon characterized the financial career of the city. The revulsion which fol- lowed this unnatural expansion, and for a time prostrated all branches of business, most seriously affected the commercial interests of the city. Since its recovery from that reversion of fortune its commercial prosjierity has for the most part been steadily on the increase, though of course some- what affected by the changes in the tariffs of the National Government, and the changing relations t. The data of New York's commerce during the past ten years have been given place in pa^es that follow. But let us take A PEEP INTO THE GREAT CITY which receives and despatches thirty thousand vessels a year, and in which upwards of three hundred thousand immigrants an-i\e annually. The citv compn^e^ the whole i>f Manhattan Island. Blackwell's, Ward's, and other islands in the East River and the harbor, ami of what is termed the "annexed ilistrict," north of the Harlem River. The island of Manhattan until 1874 comprised the city limits. The island contains an area of 14,000 acres, is abc">ut 13,] miles in length on one side and 8 on the other, is i4 miles broad on an aver- age, the width \ar\-iug from a half to two and a quarter miles, ancl is boundetl at its northern ex- tremity by the Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek, confluent tidal channels connecting the East and the Huilson ri\-ers. In 1874' the "annexed district," containing 12,500 acres, and including twenty villages, was added to the city. The city now has an area of 41 i scpiare miles. Its extreme length is 16 miles, and its greatest width, from the mouth of the Bronx to the Hudson, is 4^ miles. On the north the citv is bounded l)\' "S'onkers, on the east by the Bronx anil East rivers, on the south by the bav, and on the west by the Hudson River. The island was originally much diversified, and in its upper portion, where least populated, it sdll retains somewhat of its original character. With the in- crease of jtopulation, improvements have been made according to a uniform system in laying out avenues and streets, grading them, providing sewerage, etc. The ground rises from the East and North rivers with a gentle ascent, thus forming a central ridge throughout the entire length of the island. A considerable portion of the lower part of the city, particularly that near the rivers, is made ground. The Battery, a public park of ten acres at the southern extremity of the city, was built upon a low ledge of rocks, much beyond the original water-line. The soil, for the most part, is a sandy allu- vium, and less fertile than in many other parts of the State. Its basis is principally gneiss, but the north part of the island is composed of granular and primitive limestone, which is much quarried. On the west sitle of the city, not far from the Hudson River, between Eiftieth and Sixtieth streets, and in some other parts, a number of streets are cut through this limestone. THE M E T R O 1^ O IJ S OF TO-DAY. 45 In this ieiuhng city of the American continent are 100,000 buildings, 70,000 of which arc located between Fil'ly-iiinih Sinci anil the Hatterv. Of these buildings 25,000 are used for business purposes and 77,000 for dwellings, and 140 are fMe-i)roof Not only in shipping but in manufactures New York takes the lead, and Philadelphia occupies the second position in this respect. It au|)cars from the census of 1880 that the v.ilue of articles manufactured in the city during the year was $472,926,437. There are 11,000 factories, one lourth of which are engaged in making clothing, cigars, furniture, and in printing. Clothing e^tal)ii•^l^nents to the number of 950 jiroduce annually clothing worth $78,000,000 ; 540 printing and publisiiing houses turn out Arctories protluce cigars worth $18,000,000 ; yearly $24,000,000 worth of goods; 761 and 300 factories make $10,000,000 worth politan one, and its population includes tongue. According to the census of 1880 habitants, of whom 727,629 were Ameri- f)f these, 198,595 were from Ireland, find, and 929 from Wales. Natives of France, 9,910; Russia, 4,551 ; Spain, New-\'orkers; 11,055 from Pennsylvania; ill strong force. The general plan of the ji.d business portion the streets were laid h the plan is not uniform, its gen- ing at right angles. At Houston Street — ■om the Battery — commences the uniform ■ im the entire island is divided longi- :■'■[ \\u\r, which are crossed at right I'jniericalh ilc^ignaled, running direct from leet wide, except sixteen, which are a is the first that extends directly across is Broadwav, which occu])ics the central the Batterv northwardly in a direct line it makes a deviation, and again deflects a slightlv crooked course as far as Central s. From this point Broadway con- lulevard. This is one of the finest li its entire length with magnificent ronged with the merchants of this thousands of vehicles of all kinds. are to "the manner .- gi\e more than a . ' the distinctions ~~ h-j^lfe'>- \ arious localities or ^ cosmopolitan mc- used as trading or the newly arrived impressed by them, ocular demonstra- the preconceived freest country in the rich and poor occupy the same level, recognizing no social distinctions of race or color, and acknowledgnig onlv one platform, the common brotherhood of man. He soon discovers, though, that the idea is merely Utopian, and that such earthly bliss no more exists here than in the land from whose persecutions and poverty he has escaped, but that here likes and dislikes divide races into separate communities or petty nationalities, and that even different branches of trade seek separate and distinct localities in which to conduct business. Within the city are districts known as the " tony" or " swell " region, Little "Italv," "Germanv," ••China," "Africa," •■Judxa," of furniture. The city is eminently a cos- the people of every clime, color, and there were then in the citv 1.206.299 m- can-born. and 478,670 of foreign birth. 29,767 from Fnglaiid, 8683 from .'•^cot- Germany numhered 153,482 : Italv. 12.23:5 • •669. 'I'lieiv were 17.937 New-Jersev-born 10,589 from [Massachusetts: and Chinese city is regular. In the lower and jjrinci- out to suit the shape of the island, and €ral divisions are regular, with streets cross- one mile from City Hall and ij- miles plan of avenues and streets. Above thi^ tudinally by fourteen parallel a\^iuii-. 1 angles by nearly two hundred .vtr^ iK. river to river. These streets are ei^inx hundred feet wide, of which h ourtei iitli the islantl. The princi] ridge of the inland, extendi for 2A miles (to Tenth .street at Fourieentli Sir Park, the whole di^lance In tinues, but has been given the business streets in the blocks of stores and offices, and other communities, and While those who born" may seldom - passing thought to which mark the divisions ol' the troplis, whether residential centres, immigrant is deeply and the more so as tion totally dispels notion that in the world the rich dwell anion : of Liberty. the jioor and thai both 46 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. Broadway, north to Wall Street. etc. The children of Africa may be found scattered over all parts of the city, filling- all kinds of occupations ; but as the dusky Ethiopians occupy almost exclusively the whole of Thompson Street just north of Canal Street, the locality has earned the designation of "Africa." In the popular mind there is an inseparable relationship between a negro and a razor, and a belief is abroad that the "dark gentleman'' so loves gore that on the slightest pretext he will pull out a razor from some part of his attire and proceed to carve every one within reach. Though it frequently happens, when a negro gets mixed up in a "bloody engagement," that a razor causes mischief the negroes as a class are industrious and peaceable citizens, good-natured and contenteti. " Judaea" takes in the east end of Canal Street, around Ludlow Street and East Broadway, and is densely populated by the Semitic race. Hebrews, however, are to be found all over the city, for they form one tenth of the entire population of New York ; but, to their credit be it said, they contribute less than a hundredth part of the criminal classes of the city. The Jews are 100,000 in number, and they have about thirty synagogues and twice as many smaller shrines, besides a score of societies of charity. Seldom, if ever, is a Hebrew relieved at the expense of the city. There are forty-two Jewish millionaires in New York, whose estates range from Max Weil's $8,000,000 down through the Seligmans, Wormsers and Bernheimers, to the score of one-million-dollar men. Like the Jews, the Chinese are located in all sections of the city, and they find remunerative occupation in attending to the washing and ironing of wearing apparel. The almond-eyed Celes- tials, however, have their "China," and this is Mott Street, where they are to be found c6ngre- gated in large numbers, and where they may be found, especially on a Sunday and on high THH METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 47 festivals, arrayed in all the magnificence of Chinese raimcnl, and their "pigtails" in full dis- play. On a Sunday night "John" is in his "clement," and, as in all his leisure hours, he either gives attention to his peculiar mode of worship, plays his mysterious games of chance, or smokes his opium until he passes into dreamlaml. In whatever "John" engages he is dili- gent and enterprising, and in this rcsi)ect he sets an example U> many who claim to be his superiors in civilization and intelligence. He has what Christians call "strange gods" in the joss- house at No. 202 Park Row, but, " heathen" as he is, he and his race figure less seldom in the police courts than some others who profess to be imbued with the spirit of the "true religion." No one is likely to accuse "John" of being handsome, but he has nevertheless come to be looked upon as a prize in the market matrimonial, especially t)y the "ladies" of the lower class of Irish and Italians; and occasionally he may be heard of as having been captured by a llaxen-haired German lassie or a Yankee girl determined n>t to be "left." At all events, "John" makes a useful "maid of all work," and is handy in washhig, sewing, cooking, and rocking the cradle, and is jteaccful so long as iiis pig- tail is not seized upon for yanking him around; when it is. lie suddenly becomes disinilatious and in no degree fastidious whether it is a brick or a flatiron he throws. The district centring about the "Five Points" has earned the designation of Italy, because the population there is chiefly that of the sons and daughters of sunny Italy. Here considerable numbers of them mav be seen still wearing their picturesque native costumes, and speaking no language but their own. We should be charged with irony were we to say the lower classes, who are chiefly occupied as organ-grinders, laborers, rag- pickers, etc., were remarkable for their love of soap and water. The higher classes of Italians, how-' ever, are numbered amongst our best citizens, and include music-teachers, literary men, professors of languages, etc. Germans are to be found everywhere, but are particularly numerous in the region east of Second Avenue, and extending from Houston Street up to Fourteenth Street. This section of the city is known as "Germany." Everything is German — dress, language, signs, beer, etc.; and here a visitor can easily fancy himself in a crowded city of the "Vaterland." "Ireland" may be said to embrace, not a mere section, but the whole of the island, in the government of which the sons of •18 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK, Erin are prominent as "bosses." Of the entire population of tlie city, 1,206,590 in 1880, about 56 per cent may be classed as Americans, 25 per cent of British Islanders (chiefly Irish), and 16 per cent of Germans, the remaining 3 per cent being made up of French, Italians, Poles, Swiss, Swedes, Cubans, Russians, Danes, Sjianiai'ds, Norwegians, Belgians, Chinese, ^Mexicans, Turks, etc. THE BATTERY, CASTLE GARDEN, AND BOWLING GREEN. The Batterw hxatcd at the foot of BniathvaA', at the nmsi southerly end of New York, and where the island of Manliaitan narrows to an oijtuse point tMward^ the harbor, is an historic spot. What the hallowetl rock at Plymouth is to the descendants of the Puritans who stepped from the Mayflower onto American s<:iil. the Batterv is to the sur\i\ing representatives of the Knickerbockers, the Van Rens- selaers. and the other Dutch founders of the New Amsterdam, for here it was that the pioneer settlers flrst touched the soil of ^lanhattan and made acquaintance with the Indians then in possession. The extreme point of the Batter\" was then a small island sejiarated from the mainland, and the intervening ■s-pace was fllled up and gi\en the solid appearance it now presents. Here the first Dutch settlers erected, in 16 14, four houses and a small fort, and in 1689, when the insurrection broke out against the administration of Niclmlls, the representative of the Duke of York, the fort was strengthened by a battery of six guns (lutsidc its walls. This was the origin of the "Battery," a name which has ever since clung to it, and probably will for all time. The Batter}' of to-day, with its twenty-one acres of park land, studded with trees, its verdant lawns intersectetl with serpentine walks, and its fine promenade arounil the substantial sea-wall, is not reverenced by the patriotic New Yorker merely as the Plymouth Rock of his fathers, but as a spot as^ociateil with incidents indissolubly bound up with the early history of this favored land, with the struggles uf its i)eop]e against foreign dominion., and as the "Golden Gate" of the "City of Refuge' for the downtrodden and opijressed of the despotic powers of Europe. Herealxmis America's first aristocracy built their substantial mansions, and ere commerce began to make an advance upon it and its immediate surroundings, it was truly a delightful location in wdiich to dwell, fir from here, as one looked down the shining bay. the view was enchanting even to the most unpoetical and the indifferent to nauirc'^ charms. Then the sunsets, as seen from here, were, as they are n(,)w. full ol' rare splendor. Pii 'f. \, ,u Kaunier was enra])tured with the view from here, and he likened the Battery to the Piazzeta at Venice. .AI. .\mpere declared that the sunsets seen from here could only be rivalled in the Vallev of the Nile; antl Harriet Martineau saw "a sunset which, if seen in England, wouUl persuade the nation that the end of the world was come." To-day, bustling as the Battery is with activity, it is deserving of a visit from the pleasure-seeker, who will meet with a scene that cannot fail to make a lasting impression upon his memorw The ripjiling waters of the bay, shining with sunbeams, seem to be fairly alive as they dance along the surface, while the waterway is crowded with stateh steamers going and coming from foreign shores, drawn by little ])uffing tiiL!--. and with crafts of e\er\- conceix'able shape and size, from a ponilerous man-of-war to a ga\l\ iiL^ued IilIIc sail-boat. We give herewith an illustration of the harbor from the Battery, and another of Battery Park and Castle (Jarden. In the memorable struggle for independence the British frigates Rose and Phtt*ni\, with their tlecks protected b_\- sand-bags, ran, in Jul}', 1776, b}' the roaring Battery and up the Hud^■>n, firing broadsides onto the city. When the struggle was over, and Great Britain acknowledged the independence of that which had been the brightest colonial jewel in her crown, it was from the Batterv, on N. iv. 2;. 1783 — a day still celeln'ated as Evacuation Day — that the British soldiers, under the ei>mniaiul nf .'sir Gu\' Carleton, embarked for their own dominions. On the water-front of the Jiattcr}' is Castle Garden, a quaint-looking old buikling, which for }'ears has been the chief gatewa\' through which millions 1 if .-,rll'-exiled kuropeans ha\'e made their entrance into the New World, and become acquainted with tlie metropolis of the Great Republic of the earth. Castle (iarden is a circular brick structure, with a history of its own. It was originally erected under the title of Castle Clinton, as a fortress, in 1807 by the National Government, who gave it to the city in 1823; subsequently it was converted into a summer-garden and opera-house: hence its name Castle Garden. It has often been the scene of great civic "pomp and circumstance;" within its walls warriors and statesmen, now historic personages, were wont to be banqueted and have their glories fulminated ; and within its gray interior the celebrated songsters of a past age discoursed sweet melody to the lovers of music. Here a great ball was held in 1824 in honor of the INIarquis Lafayette; THE METROIUJI.IS OF TO-LJAY 49 liere, in 1832, President Andrew laci^s ami here, in later da_\s, the ,t;rand another famous singer, were lieani. In 1855 it beeame the immiLjrant depot for the rece|)ti( barges bring from the ocean steamships, as they arrive in the river, men, women, ami children of all nations, in every variety of costume and of every tongue. Here the ethnologist may fmd for study groups of different types of mankind that he can nowhere else in the whole wide world meet with duplicates of. 'i'he last published recortls show that during the year ending December 31, 1S86, 300,918 immigrants passed through Castle (iartkn. At one time the immigrants were the prey of sharj)ers. whc, under pretence of taking a kindly and fatherly interest in them, fleeced them and left them destitute, for the public authori- ties to care and provide for. These scandals and aluises led to the appointment of a Board of Emigration Com- missioners, to take charge of the immigrants when brought to Castle Garden. A register of all persons arriving here and of their intendetl destination was kept. Here they could be met by Iriends, have letters written, their money nd in 1S43. President T\ ler, were given popular receptions; f the late Jenny Liml, .'-iontag, Parodi, INIario, and of many inctjmers Irom liurope, and to here exchanged for American coin, tl be sui)i)lied with lood at moderate prices, have then- baggage weighed and checked, have medical attemlance if sick, be forwarded bv boat or rail to their destinations, or, if staving in the citv. referred to board- ing-house keepers, who are under the super- vision of the Commissioners. Connected with the Garden is also a labor bureau. b'or a time this method worked satisfactorily, but a recent examination on behalf of the National Government has revealed the fact that, under the authority of the Commissioners, has been long practised, and that a speedy change in the management of Castle Garden is imperatively demanded. Park Row and Bridge Entrance. a system of extortion, often attendant with crueltv, 50 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. Just east of the Battery is Whitehall, the terminus of numerous car lines, and the location of the Staten Island, South and Hamilton ferries. There, too, is the depot of the elevated railways, which extend in four lines, two on the eastern side and two on the western, the entire length of the city, of which more anon. Whitehall Street was the Winckel Straat (shop street) of the Dutch setders, and it derived its present name from a fifteen-gun battery which was erected at its foot in 1695. The great fire of 1776, which destroyed the greater part of New York, began near Whitehall Slip, and swept ovtr the city on a strong south wind, while the angry British garrison bayoneted many of the citizens, and threw others, screeching, into the sea of flame. The Produce Exchange, an imposing building, is at the upper end of Whitehall Street. At the junction of Whitehall Street and Broadway, just beyond the Battery, is the Bowling Green, near which was the site of Fort Amsterdam, where the Dutch Governor dwelt, nearly 250 years ago, and had under his control 300 valiant soldiers from Holland. Here, too, was built the first colonial church. Bowling Green is a pretty, old-fashioned square, with a little oval park, filled with shade-trees, and containing in its centre a tired, weary-looking fountain. Surrounded as Bowling Green now is by ocean steamship offices, foreign consulates, etc., the great Produce Exchange, Washington Building, Standard Oil Company's Building, etc., the spot is rich in historic associations. It was the principal aristocratic c]uarter of the city in its early days. On the site now occupied by Mr. Cyrus W. Field's Washington Building, No. i Broadway, Archibald Kennedy, the collector of the port, built, in 1760, a large house, which successively became the headquarters of Lords Cornwallis and Howe, General Sir Henry Clinton, and (General Washington, while Talleyrand made it his home during his stay in America. Benedict Arnold concocted his treasonable projects at No. 5 Broadway ; and at No. 11, on the site of the Burgomaster Kruger's Dutch tavern, was General Gage's headquarters, in the old King's Arms Inn. But few of the old buildings facing on the Green, and which belonged to and were occupied by a past generation, now remain, but have given place to modern and more pretentious structures. The Green was a treaty-ground with the Indian, the parade for the Dutch soldiers, and it was also a cattle-market. It was fenced in, in 1770, and the iron pos,ts of the fence were once surmounted by balls, which in the time of the Revolution were knocked oft" and used by the American artillery in their cannon. On the Green once stood an equestrian statue of George III., and in July, 1776, the people, while cele- brating the Declaration of Independence, deliberately walked down in crowds to the Green, and there knocked over the statue of His Majesty. Subsequendy it was melted, and it furnished material for forty- two thousand bullets, which were fired at the soldiers of Britain. South of the square, and on the site now occupied by six old-fashioned brick buildings, the first governor of the New Netherlands, Peter Minuit, who had bought the island of ^lanhattan from the Indians for twenty-four dollars, built Fort Amsterdam, a block-house, surrounded b\- a cedar palisade. Seven years later, the fort was enlarged by Wouter Yan Twiller, and he garrisoned it with one hundred and four soldiers; and still later the Eng- lish took possession of it. The Bowling (ireen Block now occupying the site, and which was built in 181 5, was preceded by a stately Ionic porticoed mansion, erected in 1790, for the presidential palace, and which became the ofticial residence of Governor George Clinton and John Jay. At No. 39 Broad- way the first European dwelling on Manhattan island was erected in 16 12 by Hendrick Christiansen, the agent of the Dutch fur-trading company, who raised here four small houses and a redoubt, the foundation of the present metropolis. An Indian killed him, and thus perpetrated the first murder recorded in the annals of New York. A very fine view of Bowling Green and Lower Broadway is given in these pages. When the Bowling Green and the Battery were the favorite dwelling-places of the nabobs of New Amsterdam, the colonial city had its northern boundary on or about Wall Street, and when business invaded the patrician quarters the aristocrats girded up their loins and fled before plebeianism and industry to the higher parts of the city ; and, like birds of passage, they have been compelled, time after time, to travel more and more northward to avoid being domiciled amid the din and bustle of commercial thorough- fares. After the fashionable families had moved from the neighborhood of the Battery to places farther up the island, and the adjacent region had become crowded with stores and warehouses, the park there was much neglected and became a mere receptacle for rubbish and garbage. The broom of improvement, however, began to be freely exercised about 1870, and the park was " reformed " and again made one of the most popular pleasure-grounds and breathing-places in the city. When the weather is favorable the THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 61 Battery is always fringed with siglii-sccrs ami loungers, who appear to gaze on the brilliant scene with constant delight; for nowlicrc in New Wnk is there more to fill tiie eye and stimulate the fancy. THE BACKBONE OF THE CITY— BROADWAY. The stranger, having passed through the in(]uisition of Castle (larden, naturally plods his way in search of Broailwa\ . W e say naturally, ' for by his hresiile in the old land he has read and heard of Broadway in New \'ork so often that the idea has become so firmly impressed upon his mind that about all there is of the American .Metropohs is crowded into Broadway, or that what is not to be found upon that Broadway. North from Post Office- thoroughfare doesn't amount to much anvwav. He is, therefore, all excitement to see the wonders of this much "cracked-up" highway of the Yankees, for the newly-arrived foreigner regards all Americans as Yankees, and supposes them to be proud of the name. When he reaches lower Broadway he experiences a feeling of disappointment, and concludes that the narrow thoroughfare there is no more entided to the name it bears than are wooden apologies for nutmegs in a neighboring State to be classed with the genuine articles. But let him understand Uiat the whole of the southern part of the city was the first settled portion of the island; that it was fashioned and laid out by Old World folk with old-time notions of the "eternal fitness of things." The first settlers came of fighting stock, and their fathers were wont to be always either ending or just beginning a war with their enemies. They built their streets narrow and with as much crookedness as possible, for strategic reasons, in the belief that if an enemy ventured therein the said enemy could be quickly cooped up q,nd annihilated. The old Dutch burghers had 52 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. unfriendly Indians in their rear, and were no uoubt guided by some sucii feeling when they laid out' their streets, many of which are scarcely more than mere alle}S, with pavements barel}- broad enough for two persons to walk abreast. Compared with these narrow streets, Broadwa}- would, at the time it was laid out, seem a magnificent thoroughfare, and one worthy of its present designation. This thorough- fare, however, was originally — in 1656 — named De Heere Straat, when it was bordered by a score or so The New Vor-k and Brooklyn Bridge. of quaint small houses, constructed of brick brought from Holland, and rich in gables. In 1756 it received its present title of Broadway; and in 1697 an ordinance was passed commanding that the people of "every seaventh house doe every night in the darke time of the moon, until the 25 March next, cause a lanth..rn mu\ a candle to be hung out on a pole every night." To-day its whole length is illuminated nightly by electric lights. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 53 As the stranger continues liis slroll along Broachva}- in a norllicrl_\- (iircction, his feeling of clisaj)- poininicnt, un entering upDn tlie thciroiighfare, is gradually dissipated as fresh, constantly changing scenes of busy activity claim and arrest his attention, and he soon realizes that, thoueli there niav be The Bridge Tower Promenade. wider highways more deserving of the name Broadway, it is the most brilliant thoroughfare, not only in the metropolis, but in the Union. Topographically, as well as by the selection of traffic, the street is tl;e main artery of the city. It 54 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. is the backbone of the metropolis, for were a scalpel drawn down the middle of New York, it would fall into Broadway. The thoroughfare is on a ridge, from which streets on each side decline to the banks of the rivers. No city in the world is better situated f ir quick and eifective drainage, and no city in the universe could more easily keep its streets clean, sweet and wholesome, than New York. But, unfortunately, they are not, though money enough is expended to make and keep them so. This is the outcome of tricker}-, jobbery, and corruption among those who seek and those who hold high places in the administration of the public affairs of the citizens ; but the hounds of justice have been let loose upon the political foxes, some of whom have been chased over the Canadian border, others lodged behind prison bars, and the rest threatened with incarceration. When the politics of New York are purer, then will the streets of the metropolis be pronounced models of cleanliness. Broadway has its beginning at Battery Park and its ending at Central Park and Fifty-ninth Street. Its course is almost due south and north for a little less than four miles. On account of its centrality and directness it is touched by nearl\' e\cry moving inhabitant of the city in his dail}- walks. If he is going from north to south, or -'kc j'crs,/, he prefers it to the other avenues, because it is straight, and its pavement is good; and if he is going from an)' quarter east to any quarter west, he must intersect it at some point in gaining his destination. The country visitor, coming from the New Jersey or Long Island ferries, feels secure when he reaches Broadway, and while he keeps to it he cannot go very far astray, no matter what his destination is. It is not only a channel of commercial traffic, but a favorite promenade of the idler and pleasure-seeker, and though the acquaintances of a man may be few, a walk up or down Broadway is sure in liring him m contact with somebody he knows. Then, nc, counti-y girl, and more especially a Buston girl, was e\cr known to refuse the chance of a visit to New ^'ol■k nnl of an opportunity of witnessing the var\ing scenes on Broadway. This great ilioroughlare, which is lavish in texts for the satirist, the n^ioralist, the humorist, the preacher, and the man of the world, is, from its effluence, straight for nearly tw miles, when, near Tenth street, it turns slightly to the noilliwest, the sky-pointing gray spire of (irace Church marking the turning-point. At Fourteenth street Bruadwav makes another deviation to the west, runs along one side of Union Square, and thence makes a straight course to its terminus at Central Park, crossing diagonally on the way, at Twent\-third street. Fifth avenue, and also touching the southwest corner of ]\hnlison Scpiare, not so ver\- long since the most genteel locality in New York, but now, like Union Square and more ■'down-town" localities, becoming occupied by hotels and business houses. As we have said, this four miles of the "backbone" of the metropolis is never lacking in texts on which to hang expositions by the moralist, the hum^irist, the satirist, the ilivine, or the man of the world, for life on Broadway is pretty nearly evervthing, the agniomeration embracing the broadest farce, the heaviest tragedy, the most delicate coinedv, and exhibiting human nature in its most pathetic, caustic, sad, and frolicsome uKjods. There is no ambition, ]i,i^sion, or creed which may not be studied along this far-fametl thomuglifare. where are grouped togethei, a> ii were, persona,ges that are by nature — in color, tastes, language, sentiinents, temperament, etc., — widely apart, and effect a grand ensemi/e of vividly dramatic contrasts. Prior to 1884 Hn.adway had no surface railroad as now, and the hurrying traveller who sought more speedy or easy locomotion than that of his own legs had recourse to a hack, or a comfortless, rumbling, antiquated, and dilapidated-looking omnibus, that was no sooner released from one network of jumbled-up drays, trucks, carts, hacks, and vehicles of ever\- description, than it plunged into a similar vortex, where drivers made the air sulphurous by their oaths. Yehicle traftic along Broadway has undoubtedly been facilitated by the introduction of the horse-car service, although the corrupt sale of the privileges of its introduction has led to the imprisonment of certain aldermen who accepted bribes, and of the principal sinner, the briber. At all hours, from earlv morn until after sunset, Broadway's carriage-way is crowded with vehicles of every conceivable kind, particularlv in the length from the Battery to Union Square, and the footwalks are occupied with a constantly moving mass of humanity, the like of which neither the capitals of England nor France can present. There is a cheeriness, impetuosity, vehemence, and brilliancy in a Broadway crowd one does not meet with elsewhere. It has a sparkle even in places where business is paramount ; its tread is springy, buoyant, and almost rhythmic, as it follows the din and rattle of the vehicles. Nervous pec^ple and those from rural haunts find the noise and friction painfully bewildering; THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 55 l)iu ihe active cilizcn, trained in bustle ami excitement, and wliosc nerves are in gofid condition, finds slinuilatii )n in tiie rattle and roar. This crowd of elbowing and pushing liunianity is not a distinct!)' fashionabk- one, tlioiigli well-dressed people pre] xmderate; the hardy sons of toil and work-girls, with jtoverty written u]>on their blanched faces, ai)pear in ihe siream besidi's the threadbare adventurers and the im- pecunious devott-es ol' the gutter. The crowd, made up of most dissimilar elements of nationality antl condition, represents the very opposite points of human life — from those who are troubled because they liave St) much wealth to care for, to those who are perplexed because they have none to care for; from the sad to the ga\-: from the weakly i-i'i]>ple to the giant strong in limb and lung; and from the most ignorant and depraved to tlie most iiuelligeiit and refmed, .\ Uroadw ay crowd affords abundant study for reflective mnuis in e\ery braiKh of ethnologv. This moving sea of humanity keeps up a perpetual flow until business hours are over, and then Broadway from the Battery to Union Square assumes pretty much the api^earanee of a deserted street, the silence being bioken only by the heavy tread of the vigilant police, the (]uickh- moving of the bclateil traveller hunying to liis ilomicile, the homeward march of theatre-goers, the stealthy step of the midnight marauder bent on some errand of crime, or the rattle and roar of isolated carriages engaged in missions of mercy, or in carry ing home bibulous or ejiicurean nabolis, or gay }'oung men out for a " gooti time." At Union Square, of which more anon, the scene is one of brilliance by day ami night, and the promenades hereabout are crowiletl with throngs of pleasure-seekers and those on business bent. From ten o clock in the morning until late in the afternoon that length of Broadway from Fourteenth Street to IMadisou Square is a briUiant spectacle made up of America's leading belles of fashion and "society," faded beauties, resplendent and attractive in a l)ygone age, but now mere peripatetic fashion-plates, con- trived by the cunning of the dressmaker antl milliner; seedy-looking and foppish adventurers; dudes in all their glory of collars, cuffs, canes, and full-blown flowers; — and all the varied representations of Junction of Tliird and Koni ili Avenues Coopei- Union. 56 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. wealth; of those poor, but desirous to be regarded as rich by aping the affluent; of those seeking a livehhood by catering to the vanity of the whimsical; of those anxious to be considered "ladies of the upper circle;" of those ambitious to be prominent as "gentlemen of means and leisure;" of those preferring a life of idleness and sharp practices to hard work and honest living; and of those ready to sell body and soul for luxury and ease. The variety of architecture to be met with in every part of Broadway is extraordinary. Every material has been used ■ in every style — brick, iron, glass, marble, granite, brown stone, yellow stone, wood, and stucco. Never was there such heterogeneous architecture as is here displayed, where the Gothic and the Greek, the Renaissance and Romanesque, are crowded side by side, but all in a manner harmonized by the distortions which the city architects of our country are compelled to devise that they may secure the three prime essentials in a modern building — light, air, and space. The modern structures are fine, imposing buildings, containing many floors. In the building of these iron is largely used, and long colonnaded fa9ades, simulating marble or brown stone, are composed of iron castings, riveted together. Here and there are to be found small, modest dwellings of an early period, with old-fashioned dormer windows projecting from the upper stories, and modern plate-glass show-windows inserted in the lower story; but these grow fewer in number year by year, and more stately buildings supplant them. The cornice lines of Broadway are as much serrated as it is possible to imagine, and the efi"ect is not at all satisfactory to an artistic eye. Sign-boards hang out in profusion, and flagstaff's rise from nearly every building. On a gala day, when all the patriotic bunting is unfolded, the view is more brilliant and ragged than ever. The colossal hotels on the great thoroughfare rival in luxury and comfort the most noted huslchies of London or Paris; the banks and insurance buildings, of marble, granite, and iron, are representative of the ancient and modern architecture of Europe, as well as of the "pure and unadulterated" American architecture; and the magnificent shops and warehouses have their fronts relieved by wide ex- panses of glass. All these follow each other in bewildering succession, many so high as to tire the neck of the pedestrian, who is interested in inspecting their facades from eaves to floor. But let us return to the Bowling Green and lower Broadway, of which we give an illustration, and look for other attractions than those we have already mentioned. The reader has already been told that when business began to invade the aristocratic residential quarters of the Battery and the Bowling Green the patrician families removed to the neighborhood of the present Wall street, then the limit of the northern Ixuuulary nf the city. From this fact Wall street derived its name; and beyond the wall the land was a pasturage. For half a mile up to this point. Lower Broadway is now occupied mainly by foreign consulates, the headquarters of European steamship companies, and shipping-houses, a great line of financial and insurance offices, etc. ; and then Trinity Church is reached. This is one of the most noted and wealthiest ecclesiastical edifices in the country. Bearing its spire to a height of 284 feet, this statclv gothic building is one of the most conspicuous objects visible from the harbor. When the English counted America among their colonial jewels, the British Queen, Anne, presented Trinity Church parish with its valuable conununion service, and also donatetl to it, in 1705, the Queen's Farm, once the estate of Anetje Jans, and bordering on Broadway and the Hudson River. What were then rural fields are now covered by acres of massive buildings, and are worth not far from $7, 500,000. The first Trinity Church arose in 1697, and the present structure, which is of brown stone and replaced its predecessor after a disastrous fire, dates from 1846. A famous chime of bells is hung in the tower, and a large and venerable graveyard surrounds the church, containing an elaborate gothic monument to the patriots who died in British prisons (jf New York during the Revolutionary War ; and also the graves of many illustrious citizens, among whom are Alexander Hamilton, the founder of the American financial system, who was slain in duel by Aaron Burr, at Weehawken ; Captain Lawrence, of the frigate Chesa- peake, who was killed when that ship was captured by the British vessel Shannon ; Albert Gallatin, the famous statesman and financier, and for a long period American Minister to England and France. Robert Fulton, the inventor of the first steam-vessel ; the Earl of Sterling ; General Lamb, of the Con- tinental Army ; and General Philip Kearny, of the Army of the Potomac, killed at Chantilly, Virginia The parish still owns most of its original estate, and is enabled by its vast revenues to support numerous clergy, chapels, and charitable institutions among the poor. There are seven churches in the parish (one of these being St. Paul's Church, at the corner of Broadway and Vesey street), and eighteen others are partly supported by it, besides various schools, etc. At the back of Trinity Church THH METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 57 are tlie picturesque brown-sloiie buililinp^s in f^olhic architecture occupied by the 300 pupils of the parochial sciiool. THE GREAT MONETARY CENTRE. Rit^lit opposite the church of Trinity is Wail Street, where, under the shadow of its venerable walls, ganiblinf^ on a "respectable" scale is carried (tn tu an extent unsurpassed anywhere outside of London. Wall Street is not only the monetary centre of the citv l)ut of the entire country, and prophets declare that it will gradually become the ])rincipal linancial centre of the world. On this nar- row street, and the blocks leading from it, all embraced in comparatively a few acres, are positively storeil more gold and nIKit than in all the rest of the United States put together, while the business interests roi)resented extend to every section, not only of the continent, but of the w-orld. The con- geries cif streets running parallel with Wall Street f. ir iw. > or three squares, and crossing it, are lined with massi\e and s|ileiulid structures, in which i1r' ]>rincipal banking of the continent is transacted. Wall Street ])n>pcr is about half a mile in length, extending from Broadway to the East River, anil in it are two noble structures, the Sub- Treasury and the Custom House. The Sub- Treasury, which cost about $1,200,000, anil took up eight years in building, occupies the site of the hall where Washington, in 1789, was inaugurated iirst President of the Re- public. The present building covers a large area with its Doric colonnatles and massive walls of white ^Massachusetts marble, anil a broad roof of granite. The buiUling ex- ternally resembles the Athenian Parthenon, and internally it has a lofty rotunda, sur- rounded by Corinthian columns. The doors and shutters are of steel. The building, which is eighty feet high, stands on an area of two luuulred and eighty feet long and eighty feet wide, and the entrance is reached by a flight of eighteen broad marble sic]>s. Opposite, on the corner of Wall and Proad Streets, is the white marble palace, in the style of Renaissance, known as the Drexel Building, occupied liy two large banking concerns. A little farther down Wall Street, on the corner of William Street, is the Unitetl States Custom House, formerh' the Merchants' Exchange, built of granite. It has a portico supported by twelve massive columns, ami its rotunda in the interior is sup])orted bv eight columns of Italian marble, the Corinthian capitals of which were carveil in Italv. Opposite this build- ing is the handsome edifice of the Bank of New York. The oldest building on Wall Street is the Assay Office, having been built in 1823, for the United States Brancli Bank. Here about $100,000,000 ol crude gold and silver is in the c lurse of a year assayed, refined, and cast into bars, to be after- wards made into coin elsewhere, .\l the foot of Wall Street was the slave-market. On Broad Street (an illustration of which thoroughfare we give in these pages), a short distance below Wall Street, is the St.n,k l .xchange, a handsome but not large edifice, which, in point of interest, towers above all others in the locality. Here, day by day, are scores of men striving for wealth with the fierceness ui' maniacs, and here fortunes are made and lost by that system of gigantic gambling which has come to be known as "dealing in stocks." The student who complains of the intellec- tual drain that is put upon him might find consolation in the overwrought and exhausted comiition of the men whose brains are here occupied in the api)arently ea.sy problems of the markets. The opera- Mercantile Library, Astor Place. 58 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. tions of the Stock Exchange and Gold Room concern the whole country, both financially and industri- ally, and in times of panic, when millionaires are made and unmade in a single day, the wild ravings of the I iperators on 'change present a scene never t<:) be forgotten by those who witness it. It is here the true governmental centre is ft^iund. rather than at \\'ashington. \\'all and Broad Streets dictate to Con- gress what the laws of the country concerning finance shall be, and Congress obeys. The Bankers' As- sdtiatiun holds the threat over Congress that if their interests are not considered they will evoke disaster upon the Country ; an.d it is in their power to execute the menace. They did it on the memorable Black Friday, the 24tli of .September, 1869, when, by the action of a small but strong combination of bears, gold was made, after a sale $50,000,000, to fall from 1.60 to 1.30 in seventeen minutes. .Mone\' was lo^;]^ed up and could not be obtained at 100 per cent premium: and thousands of men from Maine to Calif )rnia were ruined. This incident, too, was the forerunner of the panic that followed in 1873, ■^\hen the Union Trust Company went into bankruptcy, and carried with it some of the greatest financial houses of the time. The .Stock Exchange was closed for the first time in its history, and such was the condition of affairs that, without its closing, not a merchant or banker could have surviveil. No contracts couKl be completed nor stocks transferreil wirle the doors of the Exchange were shut, and thus people were given, what was absolutel}" needed, breathing-time, without which general and utter ruin would have been experienced all over the Union. As ii was, not less than twenty thou- .sanil firms went into bankruptcy, and the scarcity' of mone_\' was felt in e\cr)- j>art of the countr\-, de- ]>rcssing business and cheeking industry, until Congress took measures for the relief of the stringency. Broad Street, the "haunt of the curbstone brokers," has many associations linking the present with the past. On the corner of this thoroughfare anil Pearl Street is the famous De Lanc}' House, erected early in the last century by Stephen De Lancy, a Huguenot refugee from Normandv. In this house, on the evening of Nov. 25, 1783, Washington and his staft". with Gi>vernor Clinton, celebrated the evacuation of the city l)y the British troops, and here, a few days later, Washington said "Good-bye" to his ofiicers, before departing for Annapolis to resign his commission. This historic building has passed through many phases, and once became a (German tenement-house with a lager-beer saloon locateil on the third floor. A few years ago it was tlioroughlv reno\ated and given an air of respecla- liilitw Upon its irnu{ is the inscription, "Washington's I Icadcpiarters. " All about this thoroughfare are, here and there, relics of the past in the shape of buildings t)nce the homes of the rich burghers of colonial days. Pearl Street, the localit\' of cotton-brokers, the Cotton Exchange, and wholesale houses in \-arious staples, is said to have been originall\- a cow-path, and it is undoubtedly crooked enough to justify such an origin. One siiuure northward is Pine Street, also embraced within the "financial centre," for upon this tinely-built. though narrow, thoroughfare are many noble, massive, and lofi\- structures, occupied by banking concerns and corporate companies. Parallel with Broadway, from Wall Street to Printing-House Square, opposite the Citv Hall Park, runs the narrow and crowded Nassau Street, first laid out in 1696, under the designation of "The Street that runs by the Pie-woman"s, leading to the City Common." There are many fine buildings in Nassau Street, which is noted for its second-hand book-shops ami stalls, to which collectors of antiquities and "book-worms" come from all jiarts of the country. In this street was formerly a quaint old structure, built in 1727-9 for the Middle Dutch Church, from whose steeple Benjamin Franklin sent forth his famous kite, by means of wliicli was dis- covered electric fluid in the dark clouds of a thunderstorm. The British, during the Revolutionary War, utilized the sanctuary as a military ])ris(_)n, and afterwards as a ridmg-school for cavalrymen. Sanctified by deaths within its walls of scores of patriots, its p(.)ssession was resumed when the war had ceased. Later the church was secularized, and it then served as the city Post Office until 1875, ^rici since then its site has been covered by the vast structure of the Mutual Life Insurance building. Returning to Broadway, whence we deviated for a ramble among the great monetary institutions, we find streets to the left and right of us, se\erally tempting a stroll along and an inspection of its lines of busy stores and warehouses. First are Cedar and Liberty streets, filled with wholesale and retail business houses, and extending from the P^ast to the North River. Next, on the left, is Cortlandt Street, named in honor of the first native mayor, lined with stores and offices in varied lines of business, and leading to the much-frequented ferry-house of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The immense building of the Coal and Iron Exchange is also located on Cortlandt Street, opposite to which, on the THE MHTROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 50 right of Broadway, is Maitlcn I.ane, the '^Maidens' Paiii " of tlic Diitcli settlers, and now the great centre of the wholesale trade in lireanns ami jewelry. A block ahead is Dey Street, with its produce Avarehouses on the left and John Street on the right. The latter contains a Methodist church occu])ying the site of the first meeting-house built in America (in 1766) by the Methodists, now the most powerful sect in the country. Travelling the length of another block on Broadway, we arc brought athwart Fulton Street, which stretches from river to river, having at its termini two of the most important markets in the cit}-. Wash- patronized of the Xew York ferries, and which at all times presents a most animated scene of diversified throngs _moving to and fro. Few of the down- town streets offer more interest and varietv t,, the eve of the stranger than Fulton Street, which, during business hours, is ever a scene of much animation and movement. On the west of Broadway, the yard of St. Paul's Church takes up one side of the thoroughfare as far as Church Street, and the remainder of the street is occupied by paper and produce warehouses, saloons, etc. At the foot of the street, and bounded bv \Ycst. Washington, and Vesey streets, is Washington :Market. the largest of the markets, and the principal centre for the distribution of meats throughout the city. On the east of Broadway. Fulton Street is lined with large wholesale warehouses, and with retail stores. Xowhcre in New York, probably, is a greater variety of articles offered for sale than in this street, which was named in honor of tlie inventor of steam navigation. All kinds of articles, from pins and needles to 60 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. heavy iron work, from guns and fishing-tackle lo the costliest jewelry, from books and stationery to every kind of wearing-apparel, from paintings and bric-a-brac to old junk-iron. On the corner of Bro'kd- way and Fulton Street is the imposing ten-story "Evening Post" Building; and located at the foot of Fulton Street, in which can be seen more well-dressed men and women than in any thoroughfare oflf Broadway in down-town New York, is Fulton INIarket, built upon the site formerly occupied by a large number of dilapidated old wooden shanties. Fulton Market is one of the objects to which strangers are always desirous of paying visits, and it has two specialties — fish, which are sold on the northern or Beekman side of the building, and oysters, which are served in all styles on the southern and eastern sides. Two squares above Fulton Ferry, Fulton Street, in the early part of this century, contained one of the most aristocratic and exclusive hostelries in the city. This was the United States Hotel, a portion of which, on the construction of the elevated railway across the street, was transformed into a railway station, the street space not admitting of the erection of a depot. Running from Fulton Market to Park Row is Beekman Street, crowded with extensive wholesale paper warehouses ; and northward of Fulton Street, and extending from City Hall Park to the East River, is the district known as "The Swamp," the centre of the hide and leather trade of the metropolis. This appellation was acquired on account of the low situation of the land, which was formerly flooded at high tides. The thoroughfares in this region are narrow and short, and the air is redolent of salted hides and fresh sole-leather, mixed with the more aromatic smell of kid, morocco, and calf- skin, in which commodities a large trade is carried on. The approaches of the East River or Brooklyn Bridge (described elsewhere), skirt the Swamp on the north, and a wide thoroughfare, which has replaced the narrow Frankfort Street, runs parallel with these approaches. Returning to Broadway we are soon in the thick of a chaotic mass of hacks, trucks, carts, horse- cars, and vehicles of every description, sidewalk merchants, bewildered pedestrians anxious about their limbs and lives in their eff'orts to cross the choked-up thoroughfare, where drivers are swearing lustily at and threatening each other with annihilation, where foot-passengers are railing at the delay, and where policemen are sweating and flushed in the face with shouting and brandishing their clubs to get the mc- chinery of travel running smoothly. This is at Post-ofiice Square, through which runs Broadway in a straight line, and onio which debouch Vesey and Ann streets and Park Row. In Vesey Street is the .Mechanics and Traders' Exchange, and this thoroughfare, at the foot of which is Washington Market, is the habitat of butchers, fi>h dealers, harilware merchants, dealers in new and old clothes, and sidewalk merchants trading hi anything and everything from blacking and rusty razors to broken crockery and fine-art goods. At the head of the street is St. PauKs Episcopal Church, a silent spectator ot the slrug^ling mass of humanity, vehicles, and horses below. St. Paul's, where Washington performed his religious devotions, was built as a chapel-of-ease to Trinity Church in 1764-66. The interior is quaint and old-fiishioned in its fixtures and arrangements. At mid-aisle, on the Vesey Street side, the site of the pew of Washington is marked with his initials. The organ was brought from England long years ago. Dr. Auchmuty used to read prayers for the king, in the chancel, until the drummers of the American garrison heat him down with the loni^ roll in the centre aisle. Anions' those buried in St. Paul's churchyard were F.mnicl and MacXeven, Irish patriots of '98; Gen. Richanl Montgomery, the brave Irish- American, who was killeil in storming (^)uebec ; John Dixey, R.A., an Irish sculptor; Capt. Baron de Rahenan, of one of the old Hessian regiments : Col. the Sieur de Rochefontaine, of our Revolutionary army; John Lucas and Job Sumner, majors in the Georgia Line and Ma.ssachusetts Line; and Lieut.-Col. Beverly Robinson, the Loyalist, and other notabilities. On the northwest and opposite corner is one of New Yorks most noted hotels, the Astor House, which, when it was built, something more than a generation ago, was a marvel of size and splendor, though it is now thrown in the shade by more modern structures. Ji>hn Jacob Astor, its builder, was born near Heidelberg, in Germany, in 1765, and came penniless to the New World to seek his fortune. After serving as clerk, he then engaged in a small \\a\- in the fur business, which eventually grew to the proportions >f the American Fur Company, and brought to its founder a large fortune, though no one outside his family ever knew its exact amount. He settled most of his aff'airs before his death, selling the Astor House to his son William for the consideration of one dollar. Much of his property was in real estate, which constantly increased in value. He died in 1848, and his senior son being an imbecile, William B. Astor, the younger brother, inherited most of his father's fortune. The son became vastly richer than his THH MHTROPOIJS OF TO-UAY 61 father, dying in 1S75, icaving l)cliin(i him a loriunc dI" $50,000,000, which was mostly bequeathed to his ehlest son, John [acoh, wlio is now the head of tiie iiouse. Directly oijposite St. Paul's, and on the eastern sitle of Broadway, at the corner of Park Row, is the splendid building ol the Xc7i' }'urk Herald, a sjjot long fanuliar to visitors to the metropolis as the site of Earnum's Museum, which was destroyed b\- fire. Park Row and Printing Mouse Square are scenes of unceasing activit}-. The tall buildings here, like that of the Herald, are illuminated with elec- tric and gas lights from sunset to sunrise. These are the offices of the other great morning news- papers — the \V,>rI,l. the /'/we.s-, the Tni'UJic. tliL- Siiii. etc. The upper stories of the high buildings con- tain the editorial ami composing rooms, which blaze with light, while on the gri)und-floor paler beams illumine the advertising rooms, where a few wear}' clerks sleepily await the arrival of the last advertisements. The imagina- tion cannot encompass the nervous reach and power of the influence which those steadily-burning lamps symbolize. Sitting under the trees of the City Hall Park, near bv, an Washington Statue, Treasury Building. agreeable break in the high-walled street, we are passed from time to time by reporters hurrying to their offices with rolls of " copy" bearing on every current topic — lectures on evolution, sermons, theatres, fires, murders, receptions, funerals, and weddings. An hour or so later the same slaves of the lamp pass us again as they go home ; later, the editorial writers are seen, and later still the proofreaders and compositors. The editor-in-chief ilrives home in a coupe. The law-givers and law-makers — people in themselves mighty, but not as mighty as he— have waited upon him in humility, and accepted a 62 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. moment's audience as a boon. He is the incomparable planet of American civilization, although the lustre of the satellites sometimes outshines the planet itself; and as he composes himself in the corner of his modest carriage, his brain reflects in epitome the history of the world for a day. On a calm even- ing one can, on a bench in the Park, hear the roar of the presses, and in that roar fancy that the artic- ulation of the power which the myriad white sheets are to have in the morning. The Post Office and United States Court Building is the most imposing of the public edifices in New York. The only materials used in its construction are iron, granite, brick, and glass. The granite was brought from Dix Island, ]\Iaine. It is a triangular building, in the Doric style of architecture, modi- fied by the Renaissance. The north front of the building is 290 feet in length, the Broadway front 340 feet, and the Park Row front 320 feet in the clear. On each of these two fronts, however, there is an angle which, running back some distance, forms the entrance, looking down Broadway. The entire width of this front is 130 feet. These entering angles and projecting porticoes give this front a very bold and striking appearance. The basement is devoted to sorting and making up the mail. The first floor is used as the receiving department, comprising the money order and registry ofliice, stamp and envelope bureau, etc. On the second and third floors are the United States Court rooms, and the attic furnishes rooms for the janitor, watchman, etc. The building was finished and occupied in September, 1875, the cost of erection being nearly $7,000,000. Over 600,000,000 letters, newspapers, etc., annually pass through the office. The office yields a profit, annually, of nearly $3,000,000, and is the largest in the United States. From the Post Office corner the view up and down Broadway is in all respects picturesque and interesting, and fills the mind with a vivid sense of the immense activity of New York life. [.See the illustration of the scene from the Post Office, looking north.] A continual roar comes from the moving of vehicles, and on the crowded sidewalks merchant princes and women in the gayest of attire elbow their way among beggars and dust-covered laborers, while grotesquely-attired negroes and ill-clad white men, sandwiched between advertising-boards, demand a double share of room. Peddlers of knick-knacks of ever\- (lescrii)tion intensify the everlasting din by their shrill crying of their wares, and fruit-stall and fiuwcr-stariil owners take possession of the street-corners. The scene is at all times im- pressive, and one umi cumIn effaced from the memory. Adjoining the Pmsi Ofliee are the City Hall Park, City Hall, Court House, and other public buildings, an illustration of which we give herewith. The j)ark, which is bounded by Broadway, the Post Office, Park Row, and Chambers Street, covers an area of eight acres. Before the Revolution this was an open field in the country, and was called the Machte, or Flats, by the ancient Dutch pioneers. It stood apart as commons, upon which ilie pc iwdei-house and poor-house were built. Great crowds used to assemble here to celebrate the kings birthday and other festivals. In 1776 the American army was drawn up on the Flats, in hollow squares of brigades, at evening, on July 9th, while the Declaration of Independence was read aloud by clear-vuiced aides. A few months later, barracks were erected here for victorious British troops: and in 1861 other barracks, on the same site, sheltered the volunteer regiments preparing to march against Southern rebels. The City Hall, occupying the centre of the Park, was erected in 1803, and its location was then con- sidered on "the outskirts of the city.'' The hall is of white murble, built in the Italian style; the back being of brown-stone, as the authorities, eighty years ago, fancied that the town would never grow beyond it. The governor's room contains the desk on which Washington wrote his first message to Congress, the chair in which he was inaugurated, many historical portraits, and other objects of interest. A movement is now under way to build a new City Hall. The least said as to the personnel and doings of the govern- ing body which meets within the walls of the City Hall will be an extension of charity to those who mismanage the public aflfairs they are chosen to watch over and care for. On one side of the City Hall is the Hall of Records, used during the Revolutionary War as the Provost Prison, under command of Capt. Cunningham, who suffered 2000 Americans, prisoners of war, placed in his keeping, to be starved to death, while 250 more were privately hanged without ceremony. He was himself executed at London Dock in 1791. In the rear of the City Hall, and on Chambers Street, is the County Court House, a white marble building, in the Corinthian style, chiefly interesting as being the most costly building of its size ever erected. It was built in 1869-70, during the reign of William M. Tweed, the leader of the New York "ring," when the city debt increased nearly $50,000,000. Much of this amount was alleged to have been expended on THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. G3 this building. But the Hons sliare of it came back in the form of " rebates" and " commissions" to tlie guileless William and his associates. In the immediate vicinity of City Hall are Barclay Street, Park Place, Murray, Warren, and Chambers streets, nutcil for their wholesale establishments crowded with hardware, iron, saddlery, glassware, crockery, lamps, toy.s, wines and liciuurs, machinery, food products of all kinds, etc. From Chambers Street to Fuuriccnlii Street Broadway presents to the eye a busy scene in all the departments of trade, excepting the more crude and heavy articles of merchandise, such as hardware, iron, food products, etc., which have their headquarters on the lower streets. Imposing structures of massive- build line the great thoroughfare, and these buildings are devoted to the wholesale trade in textile faluics and fanc\- goods, while the signs of manufacturers of clothing, boots and shoes, etc., are seen on every hand. Fourteenth Street, West from Broadway. During the busy seasons of the year the sidewalks are so encumbered with boxes and bales that pedestri- ans arc mucli obstructed in their passage, and the great warehouses are ablaze with lights nearly all night to accommodate the pressure of business, which taxes the utmost efforts of the merchant and his clerks. Nearly all the wholesale trade of the metropolis, in the lines mentioned, is centred on this part of Broad- way and several side squares either way from the central highway. At Canal Street, which in bygone days was the bed of a rivulet, the view up and down Broadway is exceedingly brilliant, picturesque, and attractive. The range of vision covers a long array of business palaces, first-class hotels, etc., representing every style, taste, and beauty in architecture, and it also includes a moving mass of beings in every style and color of attire, the whole making up a charming scene that never wearies. 64 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. Above Canal Street the retail stores begin to appear at intervals. Among the business houses here are many fine and attractive wholesale and retail clothing establishments. By degrees, however, the retail stores are being driven out, and there are now almost no retail shops below Tenth Street devoted to the trade in women's apparel, etc., so that the former characteristic of this part of the thoroughfare have ceased to be. But if the retail stores have disappeared, they have been succeeded by structures of high architectural merit, that have imparted an improved aspect to the thoroughfare. from Ninth Street to Fourteenth Street, a length comprising five squares, there becomes manifest that stir and bustle incident to the presence of large retail stores. Within this length is the biggest retail dry-goods house in the country, built by the late A. T. Stewart, and numerous other large estab- lishments assist in keeping a brisk trade centred in this vicinity ; but the movement is in the direction of up-town, and one must go to Fourteenth Street, to Broadway above Union Square, or to Twenty- third Street, if he would see the great throngs of people and all the brilliant life that in former years characterized Broadway from Canal Street to Tenth Street. In going, the pedestrian, if he has the full use of his eyes, cannot avoid a glance at that very sumptuous and ornate edifice of marble, with a lofty marble spire, Grace Church. The interior is rich in delicate carvings, lines of stone columns, forty stained-glass windows, etc. Renwick built the church in 1845. The beautiful little chantry, opening oft" the south aisle, and erected by Catherine Wolf's bounty, well merits a visit. This church is noted for fashionable weddings and funerals. At Fourteenth Street, Union Square, one of the handsomest of New York's minor parks, is reached. The park itself is oval in form, about three and a half acres in extent, and it lies between Broadway and Fourth Avenue and Fourteenth and Seventeenth streets. Its green turf is studded with trees, and the walks are well kept. It has an attractive fountain in its centre, and a number of fine shade-trees. It contains statues of Washington, Lincoln, and Lafayette, and the park until quite recently was lighted by six electric lights, suspended from a pole 150 feet high. It now has the single electric lights on smaller poles distributed numerously about the Square. In the early morning and late afternoon the park is a great resort of children and nursemaids wheeling baby-carriages, and juvenile life lends to the aspect of this "breathing-place" one of its most attractive features. Along its northern end is a wide plaza for military parades and popular assemblies. A southern view from this plaza will be found among the illustrations in this work. Union Square, a quarter of a century ago, was a fashionable residence quarter, but it has yieldctl to the march of trade. The surroundings abound in emporiums of com- merce, hotels, theatres, etc. Fourteenth Street, which stretches across the island of Manhattan, is, on the western sitle of Broadway, one of the most fashionable shopping-centres in the city. (Of this section of this fashionable thoroughfare a magnificent view is given in these pages.) Here are some of the largest retail dry-goods stores in New York, and "hereabout women and finery doth abound." Proceeding up Broadway from Union Square, the sight-seer passes by many fine buildings — hotels, theatres, jewelry and other stores — and mi.xes in a varied stream of pedestrian life full of interest and movement. The show-windows of the stores make a complete international exposition of indus- tries; and it would be difficult indeed to think of anvthing that could not be bought on Broadway. The dry-goods stores preponderate, and after these are the lj:1o\ c-stores, where plaster arms display the monstrous absurditv of 22-hutton kids ; the music-stores, where are offered the present most popular music ; the stationers', where the last fashions in note-papers and cards are revealed ; the fancy-stores, whose windows are filled with miracles of tortoise-shell and ivory carving and expensive ornaments for the house and the person ; the photographers', where pictures are sold of the last idol of the hour ; and the confectioners', whose sweetmeats are put up in the daintiest and most extravagant packages. The sidewalks are crowded with well-dressed, handsome women, out on shopping expeditions or for an airing, and the sidewalk-merchants appear to understand the whims and fancies of the sex from whom they expect patronage and adapt their wares accordingly. If pet dogs just happen to be the craze, there is the dog-fancier, with a basket of pups, looking like balls of wool, and appealing to the tenderest passions of womanhood, to be bought and nursed in the lap of luxury ; while the same woman's softness is more strongly appealed to by the one-armed soldier, whose barrel- organ has grown tired in its vain eff"ort to make itself heard above the rattle and roar of the street ; and the vendors of toys, flowers, and gimcracks of every description are in no sense backward in pressing their claims for notice. THE METI^OPOLIS OF TO-DAY. Go Lafayette— Union Squar At Twenty-third Street — another popular fashionable shopping thoroughfare — where Broadway runs diagonally across Fifth Avenue (see illustration), we reacii .Madison Square, the central point of liie life anil splendor of New York — the very heart of the world of amusement, gayety, ami I'ashion. The Square is buundcil by Broadway, Madison Avenue, and Twent\-third and Twenty-sixth streets. The park is very l)eautifully laid out. The lawns arc kept trimmed and neat, and under the shade-trees thousands seek slicker fruui the summer sun. The park is illuminated by elec- tric lights, and n contains statues of William H. .Seward and Admiral Karragul. Al llic junciiun of Broadway and P"ifth Avenue, opposite the park, stands a line monument to the memory of Major-General Worth, a gallant soldier of the War of 1812 and the .Seminole and Mexican campaigns. The promenade in Madison Square on fine afternoons is full of animation, and all types of feminine beauty in a fluttering stream of feathers, j)etticoats, and furbelows are to be found hero in groups. The surroundings of the park, which is six acres in extent, are of the most striking character. At one time a most select, aristocratic, residential quarter, it has been invaded by trade, before the advance of which the w-ealthy are kept moving northward. Tiiere are several very notable restaurants in this animated centre. Del- iiioiiii . .s, al the corner of Fifth Avenue and Twenty-sixth Street; the new antl \cr_\- elegant cafe of the Hofi'man House, at the corner of Twenty-fifth Street ; and the Brunswick Cafe, at the corner of Twenty-sixth Street, are all celebrated, and contribute to the activity and gayety of [Madison Square. In Broadwa}-, north from this point, are the Gilsey, the Leiand, and the St. Cloud hotels, where everything is luxurious, and yet in the purest taste. To the right and left from this point of Broadway jut off streets that contain the abodes of those of wealth and refinement, and the great thorough- fare itself is, up to its terminus at Cent- ral Park, lined with stores, hotels, dwellings, etc., the architecture being almost as varied as the buildings are numerous. CENTRAL PARK. We present in these pages a magnificent view of the entrance, on Fifty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue, to Central Park, one of the chief sights of Gotham that no visitor can afford to ignore, since it is admittedly the most popular and beautiful public park on the American continent. Labor, skill, and the expenditure of upwards of $15,000,000 have here turned into a paradise what, only thirt\ years ago. was a dreary region of swamps, thickets, and ridges, disligured with heaps of cinders and rubbish, and dotted with the squalid shanties of degraded squatters. Winding lakelets and velvet lawns have succeeded the gloomy swamps, splendid drive- ways curve round the picturesque rocky knolls, foot-paths meander through the groves and thickets, and fine architecture and monu- ments of art are seen on every side. Tlie park extends from Fifty- ninth Street to One Hundred and Tenth Street (over 2i- miles), and from Fifth Avenue to Eighth Avenue (over ^ mile), covering S62 acres, of which 185 are in lakes and reservoirs, and 400 in forests, wherein over half a million trees and shrubs have been planted. There are 9 miles of roads, 5^ of bridle-paths, and 28^ of walks. The landscape architects of the Park were Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux. Upwards of 12,000,000 people visit the Park every year, half of them on foot, and the best way to get a general idea of ground is to take one of llie large public park-carriages, at the entrances uu Fifth Central Park— The Pilgr this great pleasure- Avenue and Eighth 66 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. Avenue. The fare to Mount St. Vincent, in tlie northern part, and return, is twenty-five cents. In the southwest part of the Park is the Ball-ground, — a ten-acre lawn, where the boys may play cricket, base-ball, or tennis ; and adjoining it on the northeast is the Carrousel, for young children, with swings and other means of amusement. Close by is the Dairy, affording milk and light food for the little ones. Beyond is the Green, or Common, a lawn of i6 acres, made picturesque by grazing sheep, and thrown open to the people on Saturday. In the southeast part is the Menagerie, around the old castellated Arsenal Building, with many cages for animals, birds, a house full of monkeys of various kinds, bear-pits with amiable appearing ursine dwellers, and many other wild creatures, whose move- ments are watched by thousands of visitors daily. In winter, when several circuses board their animals here, the resident population is augmented by sundry lions, tigers, bisons, leopards, camels, hippopotami, and other rare and interesting sojourners. See illustration "Zoological," which is a most accurate view of this section of the Park. The Mall is the chief promenade, nearly a quarter of a mile long, and 208 feet wide, bordered by double rows of American elms, with the Green on one side, and a bold, rocky ridge on the other. Here are the statues of Scott, Shakespeare, Burns, Fitz-Greene Halleck, the colossal Beethoven bust, and other artistic memorials. Beyond the Music Pavilion, where band-music is given on pleasant Saturday afternoons, is the Terrace, a sumptuous pile of light Albert-freestone masonry, with arcades and corridors, and rich carvings of birds and animals. Below is the Lower Terrace, an ornamental esplanade, in which stands the famous Bethesda Fountain, designed by Emma Stebbins, and made at Munich, and representing a lily-bearing angel, descending, and blessing the outflowing waters. We give herewith a splendid illustration of the scene here presented, and another of the Terrace and Grand Stairway, which delight all who see them. Near the Terrace is the Lake, of which see illustration. This beautiful sheet of winding water is twenty acres in extent, and is set apart for boating in summer and for skating in winter. This part of the Park is reached direct from the Seventy-second Street Station of the Third Avenue or Si.xth Avenue Elevated Railroad. Beyond the Lake is the Ramble, a delightful labyrinth of foot-paths amid thickets, rocks, and streams. Farther on rises the Belvedere, a tall Norman tower of stone, overlooking the Park and the -suburbs of New York, the Palisades, Long Island, Orange Mountain, and Westchester County. Next come the great reservoirs of Croton water, vast granile-walletl structures containing 1,200,000 gallons of water. The American Museum of Natural History is on the left, on Manhattan Square, a kind of annex to the Park, between Seventy-seventh and Eighty-first streets and Eighth and Ninth avenues. The Mu- seum was founded in 1869. The corner-stone of the building now occupied was laid by President Grant in 1874, and the Museum was opened in 1877 by President Hayes. It is a gothic building of brick and granite, with several large and admirably arranged halls. Here are found the Powell collection of British Columbian objects, the Robert Bell collection from Hudson's Bay, the De Morgan collection of stone-age implements from the valley of the Somme, the Jesup collection of North American woods and building-stones, the James Hall collection in palaeontology and geology, the Gay collection of shells, the Bailey collection of bird's nests and eggs, mounted mammalia, Indian dresses and weapons, Pacific Islanders' implements and weapons, 10,000 mounted birds, the Major Jones collection of Indian and mound-builders' antiquities from Georgia, the Porto Rico antiquities ; a mammoth twenty-five feet high ; several specimens of the extinct Australian bird, the Moa, fifteen feet high ; reptiles, fishes, corals, min- erals, etc. The collection is one of the largest and finest in the country. The library contains 12,000 scientific works. Many lectures are given here yearly for the teachers in the public schools, who come here to study these vast and interesting collections. New buildings are about to be added by the State. The Museum is open free on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. It is reached by the Sixth Avenue Elevated Railroad to the Eighty-finst Street Station, or by the Eighth Avenue horse-cars. One of the greatest attractions of the park is the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which is situated on the Fifth Avenue side, opposite Eighty-third Street. The portion erected, which is only one of a pro- jected series of buildings, is 218 feet long and 95 broad, and is a handsome structure of red brick, with sandstone trimmings, in the gothic style. The most important feature of this museum is the Di Cesnola collection of ancient art objects, exhumed in Cyprus, regarded by archaeologists as the most remarkable of its kind in the world. There are also a number of loan collections of pottery, paintings, sculpture, arms, wood-carvings, etc., which amply reward the curiosity of the visitor. The picture- THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 67 gallery of the museum, whicii stands wiLliin a lew feet of ilie I'.asl Drive, contains some of the best samples of the old Dutch, Flcniish, and Spanisii masters t(» he found in America. Standing on a knoll in the grounds ailji lining the Metropolitan Museum — and on one of the most commanding situations in the park- -is the ( )l)clisk, which is about 1500 years older than the companion obelisk on the Thames Kmbankment in London, and known as Cleopatra's Needle. The (jhclisk in Central Park was erected in the Temple of On, in Kgypt, about 3500 years ago, by Thotines III., King of Egypt, and concjueror of Central Africa, Palestine, and .Mesopotamia, with hieroglyphics illus- trating his campaigns and titles, and those of his descendant, Rameses II. For many centuries it stood before the Temple of the Sun, at Heliopolis, and was removed during the reign of Tiberius to Alexandria, where it remained until 1877, when the Khedive, Ismail Pasha, presented it to the City of New York. It was skilfully transported hither by Lieut. -Com. (iorringe, U. S. N. The entire cost of its transportation and setting-up was borne by th^; late William H. \ anderbilt. It is of granite. 70 leet long, and weighs 200 tons. 1 his noble monument was maile before the siege of 1 rov or the foundation of Rome, and while the Israelites were enslaved m Lgvpt. Fronting on the park at Fifth Avenue and Seventv-hrst Street is the Leno.K Library, a fine building 111 ^f -* Broadwfiv and Fifth Avenue. of Lockport limestone, in modern French archi- tecture. The building occupies an area of 192 by 114 feet. It was a gift to the public by the late James Lenox, who was an indefatigable collec- tor of literary and art treasures. ]\Ir. Lenox built and etpiipped the library at a cost of $1,000,000. There has been much retl-tapeism to go thr>)ugh before a person could get a look into the building so that it was practically clo.sed to the public. This has lately been changed, and the library made free ami accessible. The building has two wings. In the south wing is the library, containing precious incuiiahnhe ; a ])erfect Mazarin Bible, printed by (nitenberg and Faust in 1650, and the oldest of printed books : Latin Bibles printeil at Mayence in 1462 (by Faust and -SchotTer), and at Nuremberg in 1477 (with many notes in Melancthon's handwriting) ; seven fine Caxtons ; block-books; five of Eliot's Indian Bibles; "The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye" (Bruges, 1474), the first book printed m English; the Bay Psalm Book (Cambridge, 1640), the first book jM-inietl in the United States, etc. There are also many rare MSS. on vellum, illuminated, dating from before the invention of printing. These objects are exhibited and entertainingly explained by the librarian, the venerable Dr. S. Austin Allibone, author of the Dictionary of Authors. The picture-gallery is in the central part of the second story, and contains about 150 canvases by artists, principally modern, but including many noted names. Beyond the reservoirs in Central Park extend the North Park, with the carriage-concourse on Great Hill; the North Meadow, of 19 acres; Harlem Meer, covering 12^ acres, and t)verlooked by ancient forti- fications; and the deep ravine of M'Gowan's Pass, from which Leslie's British light-infantry drove the 68 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. Continental troops, in September, 1776. Just beyond, on the plains of Harlem, the IMar^-land Line came to the relief of the retreating Virginians and Connecticut Rangers, and drove back the English with heavy losses. All the region bordering on Central Park is becoming the fashionable and aristocratic quarter of the city, as its streets afford fine opportunities for architectural effects, and are on high and healthy ground. Here and there palatial buildings are being erected, fronting on the Park, and the price of real estate advances rapidly and ^vithout reaction. A RUN THROUGH THE CHIEF ARTERIES OF THE CITY. That we may see more of the wonders of Gotham let us retrace our steps to the region of the Battery, where the city took its rise, and from whence the main arteries of the cit)- branched out, linking themselves, as thev extented, by cross-streets and alley's, and giving off branches that have become famous throughout the civilized world. Narrow and irregular were the streets and highways formed by the founders of the citv, and their descendants shaped their thoroughfares on the plan of those of their fathers, until, in the early part of the present century, Houston Street was reached, when an intelligent and more convenient system was adopted. The thoroughfares running thence northward were and are now known as avenues, and numbered streets were planned to, and do, run from one side of the island to the other and across the avenues. The blocks between the streets bearing numbers are twenty to a mile, and the blocks between the avenues are seven to a mile. B)- remembering these facts the visitor or resident is enabled to quickly find the distance to be trav- elled to any particular up-town street above Houston Street, which is one mile and three quarters from the Battery, the starting-point of the Elevated Railroads and of other urban modes of conveyance. The avenues, commencing at First, and num- bering as high as Eleventh, run north and south, parallel to Fifth Avenue. They are supplemented on the eastern side, at the widest part of the island, by avenues A, B, C, and D. INIost of these avenues commence on the eastern side at Houston Street. On the western side, with the exception of Fifth and Sixth, they commence but little below Fourteenth Street. They are mostly, save Fifth Avenue (and even that thoroughfare is now invaded by commerce), devoted to retail trade, and, on seeing their miles of stores, one wonders where, even in a great city like New York, all the people come from who support them. Second Avenue, early in the present cent- urv. was what Fifth A\enue has become to-day, the fashionable residence avenue : and even yet Admiral Farr-agut-Madison Square. ^^^^ ^j^^ _j Knickerbocker families cling tO it, living in their roomy, old-fashioned houses, and maintaining an exclusive society, while they look down with disdain upon the parvenus of Fifth Avenue. Stuyvesant Square, intersected by Second Avenue, and bounded on the east by Livingston Place and on the west by Rutherford Place, is one of the quarters of the ancient regime. Here still live the Rutherfords, the Stuyvesants, and other New THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 69 York old families, linking the pasl willi the present. St. George's Churcii, witli the largest seating capacity of any church in the city, faces tliis sciuare. The street nomenclature of the lower anil the oUlcst part of the metropolis is sometimes bewildering to the stranger, and he is not infrequently letl into mistakes until he becomes familiar with the topography of this section of the city. For instance, a name is sometimes repeated more than once, and, ai^ain, two or three names will be bestowed upon the same street. There is a Broadway, an East J^roadwa}-, a West Broadway, and a Broad Street. There is a (Greenwich Avenue and a Greenwich Street. There are two Pearl streets. There is a Park Avenue, a Park Street, a Park Row, and a Park Place. On the other hand, Park Row becomes East Broadway east of Bowery ; Dey Street is transformed into John Street east of Broadway ; Cortlandt becomes IMaiden Lane at the same dividing line ; and other streets are in like manner metamorphosed. Fourth Avenue, beginning at the Battery as Pearl Street, changes to the Bowery at Chatham Square. At Fifth Street, without any change in its direction, it becomes Fourth Avenue ; from Thirty- fourth to Forty-second Street it is Park Avenue, and then relapses into Fourth Avenue again. This is one of the most interesting avenues in the city. As to Pearl Street, its windings and its business occupations have already been referreil to. If the reader desires to see the city quickly — to take a bird's-eye view of the plan and extent of the greatest city of the New World — let him repair to the Battery and there ascend the terminus of the Elevated Railroad, the like of which is not to be found in the universe. A fine view of the terminus and of New Y.>rk Harbor is given herewith, and another of the railroad and the Coenties Slip at this point. By the elevated railroad the long-ve.xed problem of rapid transit has been solved in a practical and efficient manner. That it has not improved the appearance of the streets through which it passes, must be admitted ; and while the railroad has in some localities caused a deterioration in the value of property, in others it has had just the opposite effect. It has. however, secured what was aimed at in 70 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. the outset — quick travel from one end of the island to the other. There are now four distinct elevated railroads, but all are operated by one company, the Manhattan Company. The old Greenwich Street and Ninth Avenue line, on the west side of the city, extends from the Battery to the Harlem River above One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street. The Sixth Avenue road was the first constructed after the successful experiment on Ninth Avenue, and this is the most popular of all, chiefly on account of the fact that trains run easier. It extends from the Battery to New Church Street, rear of Trinity Church ; thence to West Broadway ; thence crossing Canal Street to South Fifth Avenue ; thence to Amity Street, into which it turns in order to reach Sixth Avenue ; and from thence to Central Park, at Fifty-ninth Street ; but at Fifty-third Street a branch of the road extends to Ninth Avenue, where it joins the Greenwich Street and Ninth Avenue road, and continues on the line of that road to Eighty-first Street. At this point the track resumes the character of the Sixth Avenue structure, and extends to One Hun- dred and Tenth Street, through this street to Eighth Avenue, and through this avenue to One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street at Harlem River. Here it joins with the New York City & Northern Railroad for points in Westchester County and as far as Brewster's, 53 miles distant. The distance from the Battery to One Hundred and Fift\-fifth Street is nearly 10 miles. The Sixth Avenue road is the most pleasant line on which to travel, but the Third Avenue line, which also starts from the Battery, has the largest patronage. It proceeds from the Battery through Front and Pearl streets until it arrives at New Bowery ; then it extends to the Bowery, which begins at Chatham Square, and from this point its course is direct to Harlem River, at One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street. There is a branch of the Third Avenue road, with its head at City Hall and at the entrance to the East River Bridge (see cut), and which connects with the main line at Chatham Square ; and there are also branches to Long Island Ferry at Thirty-fourth Street, and to the Grand Central Depot at Forty-second Street. The Second Avenue road starts from the Battery, over the same line as the Third Avenue to Chatham Square, goes through Division and Allen streets to Second Avenue, and thence to Harlem River, where a junction is made with the line of the Harlem River and Port Chester Railroad Company, who have spanned the river with a bridge and are now engaged in carrying an elevated road to beyond West Farms. The rate of speed on all the elevated railroads is about 15 miles an hour. Stations are fre- quent, being never more than half a mile apart, the average distance being less. The equipment of these roads is all that can be desired. _ To the resident up-town and having business down-town, the elevated roads are such a boon that he wonders how he ever did without them before they came into existence. As a mode of access to theatres, places of amusement, places of business, the value of these roads increases year by year. Real estate in the upper sections of the city has been much enhanced in worth, and building has pushed forward rapidly. The effects of these roads have only begun to be fully appreciated by the public. The most impressive scene connected with the elevated railroad as an illustration of audacious and skilled engineering, is at One Hundred and Tenth Street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues. Here the sub-structure attains the remarkable height of 63 feet, and the massive iron beams and girders, owing to their great elevation, appear too frail to support the burden placed on them. To stand under this structure when a train is sweeping along over- head is awe-inspiring. The fare on all the elevated roads is five cents, with no extra charge for transfers to the branch lines. Since 1884 a line of horse-cars has existed from the Battery, through Broadway, to Forty-fourth Street, and thence along Seventh Avenue to Central Park at Fifty-ninth Street. Another horse-car road from the Battery is the Belt Line, which runs across the East River front to Fifty-ninth Street, and down to the Battery again on the North River front (west side). This line passes all ferries, steamship and steamboat docks. While on the subject of horse-cars we may here mention that there are over forty different lines of horse-cars in the city. Among the principal, besides those already alluded to, may be named : Madison Avenue Line, from Post Office to Fourth Avenue, up Fourth Avenue to Madison Avenue, to One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street ; Third Avenue Line, from Post Office to Third Avenue, and up Third Avenue to Harlem ; Sixth Avenue Line, from Broadway and Vesey Street to Sixth Avenue, and up Sixth Avenue to Central Park (Fiftj'-ninth Street); Cross-town lines cross the city from river to river, at Canal Street, dand Street, Houston Street, Fourteenth Street, Twenty-third Street, Forty-second Street, THE METROPOLIS OH TO-DAY Fifty-ninth Street, and One Hundred and ■I'wcnU-lirili Sircci ; liuulcvard Line (green cars), lluough I'wrty- second Street up the Western Boulevanl to Riverside Park and (lencral Grants tomb. The old hnes of omnibuses once so common in New \\>ik iiave cnlircly disappeared, and the only line of stages now existing is on the route from the corner of South Fifdi Avenue and Bleecker Street to Sixty-fourth Street. Tiie coaches are handsome in ajjpearance, have seats inside for twelve and on the top for six persons, and on the top it is quite common for huiies to ride. The fare is five cents. Hacks and other carriages are to be hired all over the city under regulations of the city authorities. Every hired carriage carries a copy of these regulations with lists of fares. From the Battery, therefore, one maybe carried with "the utmost despatch," by a choice of travel, at a very small outlay, into any and every section of the city; and tiie most interesting objects in these sections we propose to bring before the reader's notice. SCENES ON THE RIVER-FRONTS, AND IN THE TENEMENT-HOUSE DISTRICTS. The true student of city life will not content liimself with merely inspecting the gorgeous palaces of the rich, mixing witli the gav crowtis of loungers on the fasionable promenades, or with the stylish "•butter- flies" ol' the hour in the halls of finer\-, dissipa- tion, and extravagance, l)ut will seek to penetrate the gilded crust of Gotham's every-day existence, and get among the hard-handed sons of toil, who earn their bread by the sweat of their brows, and among those who, though they "toil not and spin not," and have no visible means of living, yet live. The sight-seer will find on the thon^ughfares adjoining the water- line of Xew York much to amuse him, and not a few incidents for subsequent reflection. The importance of the business represented in the bustle and struggle for movement along such avenues as West Street, on the North River front, and South Street, on the East River front, can. scarcely be exaggerated. The scenes pre- sented here have characteristics peculiar to the locality, and no counterparts of them are to be met with in other sections of the city. The streets running along the river-fronts, and those shooting off" from them in the direction of Broadway, are always the dirtiest and most unsightly in the metropolis. To some extent they are necessarily so. but if the scavenger's brooms were more frequently exercised, antl ii the ash-carts of the city were more oiten seen in the locality, this region would be less filthy and more wholesome. From morning to night the streets are literally choked up with heavy drays, trucks, baggags and freight wagons, so that the chaos seems almost inextricable. The roughest of the laboring classes find employ- ment in these regions, and above the roar and confusion are heard the oaths of furious driv- ers, who occasionally get down from their lofty perches and engage in a furious fisticuff" combat. West Street, which runs from Battery Place north to Tenth Street, has upon it the depots and ferrv-houses of the great railway companies, the wharves of the big ocean steamships, the wholesale produce houses, Washington ISLarket, etc. The sidewalks are crowded with boxes, barrels, stalls, etc., and passengers, of The Osborne Flats, Fifty-seventh Street and Seventh Avenue. ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. whom there is an unceasing tide coming and going to the ferries, have a dangerous time in picking their way among boxes and barrels, and a more dangerous task when crossing the street through a tangle of horse-cars, express and baggage wagons, hacks, drays, trucks, etc., constantly arriving and departing. South Street, running from the Battery east along the East River, is a locality where the world's commerce mani- fests itself in a forest of tall masts. Here "confusion worse confounded" in the struggles of vehicles and passengers is encountered, but, somehow, the apparent chaos and disorder keeps straightening itself out as quickly as it is created, and so the tangle and turmoil goes on from day to day, and probably will until the crack of doom. While New York is one of the richest cities on the globe, while it has within its confines more millionaires than any other centre in Christendom or Heathendom, it has also in its midst a vast population representing wretchedness and poverty in their worst forms, and a class of criminals who for downright deviltry ami cunningness are nowhere excelled on the face of the globe. While the visitor is on South Street let him penetrate into the off-streets, where he will find himself in the heart of the tenement region, deeply honeycombetl with misery and corruption. The tenement- houses tower to a height of five and six stories, and on every floor are crowded a number of families ; and if wretchedness in human habitations is to be found anywhere, it is surely to be found here. There is no yard-room to the houses, and clothes are dried on the roofs or on ropes extended from one side of the street to the other, and worked by means of pulleys. Beer-saloons are thickly planted, and men and women in their misery seek consolation in foam-topped beer, while their children run about in rags and tatters. The greater part of the region embraced within the Bowery and the East River, and Chatham Square and Tompkins Square, is known as the tenement-house district, and with- in a space of half a mile over a hundred thousand people crowd and live lives of toil and suffering. Incij)ient communism has frequently lirokcn out, as might well be expected, and the jxilice have frequently had serious tussles with the discontented workmen. These are districts visitors from abroad are not taken to see, but here is represented a phase of life in the metrop- olis that those entrusted with the govern- ment of the city dare not ignore. Chatham Square has been aptly described as "the vestibule of the worst quarter of the city." Passing thence through a narrow thoroughfare lined with Jews' stores, crowded with new and second-hand clothing, boots, shoes, etc., one reaches liaxtcr Street, and next the Five Points, once the' most infamous locality of the metropolis. Here, a generation ago, a respectable man who attempted to pass through this region, even in broad daylight, considered it necessary to be armed to the teeth. It was the ren- dezvous of burglars, thieves, garroters, cut-throats and women of ill-fame. Hundreds of families were huddled together in tumble-down tenement-houses, passing an existence in filth and wretchedness, and with such an utter disregard of decency as is scarcely to be credited. Christian philanthropy, however, ultimately stepped in ; mission schools and a house of industry were established, the old tenements were razed and better ones built in their stead ; and to-day the Old Bowery. Cow Bay, and Murderers' Allev are known only in name. The Five Points is at the junction of Baxter, Worth and Parker streets ; but it is in reality five points no longer, since the carrying through of Worth Street to the Bowery created another point. With all its improvements this region is still dreadful enough. The "improved tene- ment-houses " are but wretched hovels, and the neighborhood abounds with poorly-clad children, drunken men and depraved women. This is the centre of a wretched quarter, which extends westward to Broad- way, and almost indefinitely in other directions. Mott, Mullberry, Baxter, Centre, Elm, and Crosby streets are filled with overcrowded tenement-houses, the abodes of Italians, Chinese, etc. ; and it is pos- " V Academy of Fine Arts, Twenty-lhird Street and Fourth Avenue. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 73 siblc to take a stroll thnnigh some of these thoroughfares and never hear a word of English spoken. The Tombs, the city prison, famous in the criminal history of New York, is localetl in the midst of this quarter, occuiiies an entire block, and is bounded by Centre, Elm, Lecjnard, and Franklin streets, and is a large and gloomy granite building in the pure EgyiHian style. The hanging of criminals takes place here. Y'isitors are admitted on application at the office of the Commissioners of Charity and Cor- rections, corner of Third Avenue and Eleventh Street. Sometimes more than five hundred prisoners are incarcerated within these frowning walls, — murderers, incendiaries, burglars, thieves, and all their horrid crew. The murderers' cells are of especial strength. The building dales from 1838, and holds prisoners awaiting trial, and convicts awaiting to be executed, or sent to the State prison. The Special Sessions and Tombs Police Court are held here. On this site in ancient times rijipleil the blue waters of a pretty lake, around which the Indians built their wigwams. The Dutch found their mounds of shells here, and named the place Kalk-Hook, or Lime-shell Point, which degenerated into "The Collect." It was near the pond on this site, in the year 1626, that three of Minuit's farm-hands murdered a Weckquaesgeek Indian, who was bringing his furs down to sell. His young nephew escaped, and afterwards led the Indians in disastrous and vengeful forays on the colony. Knox's American nifantry marched into the Fresh-water Pond, and sat here Fourth Avenue, north from Forty-fifth Street. in the long grass, while the British army were evacuating New York, in 1783. Here, in 1796, occurred the first trial of a steamboat with a screw-propeller, John Fitch's invention. Another noted pri.son, located near Essex Market and C.rand Street, is Ludlow Street Jail, a massive brick structure used for the incarceration of debtors, United States prisoners and derelict militia-men. Among its " guests " have been Tweed, Connollv, Fish, Ward, Jacob Sharp, and other notorious politicians and financiers of New York. Another prison is a picturesquely irregular jiile, at the corner of Sixth Avenue and Tenth Street, built of brick and sandstone, and in the Lombardo-gothic stylo of archi- tecture. This is the Jefferson ]\Iarket Court and prison. ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. THE BOWERY. The Bowery, to which reference has been several times made, is a thoroughfare with characteristics peculiarly its own. In it is probably represented every civilized nation on the globe, and it is unques- tionably a democratic street. It is the antithesis of Broadway, and the grand avenue of the respectable lower classes. The two highways are nearly parallel and but a short distance apart, but the constituen- cies of the two streets are separated by vast ethical spaces. Here retail stores, beer-saloons, pawn-shops, dime-museums, theatres, etc., crowd upon each other, and an incessant multitude streams along the encumbered sidewalks. The German language seems to predominate, appearing on hundreds of sign- boards and coming from thousands of lips. The Bowery takes its name from the " Bouwerie Farm" of Petrus Stuyvesant, Governor and Captain-general of New Netherlands from 1647 until 1664. Stuyvesant's country estate covered all this part of the city, and was dominated by a great and commodious mansion of old Netherlandish architecture. His house was built of small yellow bricks, imported from Holland, and many white workmen and negro slaves were employed in his gardens and fields. His city and official mansion was Whitehall, near the Battery, a handsome structure of hewn stone, surrounded by velvety lawns and beautiful gardens. When dead, Stuyvesant was interred in the family vault in a little church upon his farm ; and a hundred and thirty years later the now venerable Episcopal Church of St. Mark was erected upon the spot. St. Mark's is near the head of the Bowery, and contains also the tombs of Colonel Slaughter, British Governor of New York in 1691, and Daniel D. Tompkins, governor of the State from 1807 to 1817. A prominent feature of the Bowery is its beer-gardens, on the plan of those in the large German cities, and they are patronized by the same class and race. While always crowded and full of life, the Bowery presents itself in all its "glory" on a Saturday night, when wage-earners have a little spare time to themselves, and are abroad with a week's earnings in their pockets. King Beer holds high carnival. Beer-saloons and gardens are almost as closely packed as sardines in a tin box. Each saloon is extravagant in its offers of a free lunch to all its patrons, and the lunch is in each case attacked by a perspiring and not partic- ular throng. Ten men to one fork ! The red herring, so conducive to thirst, is not popular, the tripe having evidendy borne the brunt of attack. The cheese has suffered greatly, too, and looks as though it wished itself dead, which it isn't. Then, out on the sidewalks hoodlums abound ; and not only hoodlums of the sterner sex, but hoodlums of the gentle and amiable type of humanity — female hoodlums, from thirteen to sixteen years of age, short of dress, long of tongue, with bangs, bold eyes, tremendous hats, and "Mikado tuck-ups" to their hair. The street swarms with them, and they seem to "know it all." Not wholly bad, perhaps, but on the road to being so. They are in quest of excitement, aching for attention, dying for a dance, hungering for admi- ration, and ready to go any length for a compliment. How near akin are vanity and vice ! On every hand are lung-testers, vendors of candy, buttons, suspenders, pop-corn ; and here and there, on hand-carts, "bankrupt stocks'" of large wholesale houses, purchased at small cost, are displayed and offered at "ruinous sacrifices." The theatres and dime-museums are ablaze with light and crowded with tobacco- and gura-chewers ; the stores are filled to overflowing with bargains ; and every corner is buttressed by live statues, many of whom would sooner fight than eat, while others have a greater longing for eating than for a bout at fisticuffs. Dickens describes this region of New York very graphically in the sixth chapter of his "American Notes;'' but great improvements have certainly been made since he wrote, and sanguinary battles between rival aggregations of ruffians are of less frequent occurrence in the Bowery than of yore. FLATS, OR APARTMENT-HOUSES. While the majority of the families — the poor — of the city are forced by circumstances to house them- selves in tenements, many who are rich betake themselves by choice to flats, or apartment-houses, where each apartment is complete in itself, containing all the rooms requisite for housekeeping. The cost of supporting a flat may not be so great as that of maintaining a five-story brownstone-front house on Fifth Avenue, but life in a fashionable flat is pretty expensive, for the rent of an apartment of the THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 75 better class ranges from $1000 to $7000 per year, according to size and location. The buildings arc provided with elevators, hall-boys, electric lights, and in many cases are fire-proof. The expen- sive apartments are elegantly fitted up wiili hard-woods and inlaid floors, frescoes, etc., and contain from seven to twenty-five rooms each. One of the differences between "flats'' and "apartment-houses" is that the former have kitchens, equipped for housekeeping ; while the latter have restaurants where the occupants get their meals. One of the largest of these apartment-houses we give an illustration of This is the Osborne, at the corner of Seventh Avenue and Fifty-seventh Street. It is 11 stories (171 feet) high, of rock-faced Connecticut brown-stone, fire-proof, with floors and roof of iron, brick, and con- crete, all rooms finished in mahogany or ash, electric lights, steam heat, Tiffany stained-glass, etc. The main entrance is said to be the finest in New York, with heav}- oaken doors, rare marbles, mosaic, frescos, and stained-glass. The Central Park Apartment-houses on Fifty-ninth Street, near Seventh Avenue, form the largest flat-hotel in the world, including several huge fire-proof buildings — the ^iladrid, Cordova, Granada, Lisbon — comprehended in one plan, and magnificent in all their appointments. The whole structure is liest kmiwii as the "Navarro Flats," and is said to have cost upwards of $7,000,000. The Dakota, at Eiglitli Avenue and Seventy- second Street, is another vast anil costly structure, 155 feet high, and gorgeous in all its details. It is called the finest in New York. The rent of an apartment runs as high as $7000 a year. It was built by Clark, of Singer Sewing-machine fame. FIFTH AVENUE. Fifth Avenue has a reputation as wide as the civilized world for the richness of its residences, and as the centre of American fiishionable life. The avenue begins at Wash- ington Square and runs in a straight line up to Fifty-ninth Street, thence along the east side of Central Park, and to Mount Morris at One Hundred anil Twentieth Street, which breaks its contiguity. It begins again at One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Street, and runs to the Harlem River. The park at Wash- ington Square is nine acres in extent, and occupies the site of the old Potter's Field, wherein more than 100,000 human bodies are buried. On its east side is the white-stone gothic building of the University of the City of New York, with 800 students and 64 instructors. It is described bv Theodore Winthrop in his brilliant novel of "Cecil Dreeme. " On and near the square dwell Charles De Kay, the poet: the famous saltatory Kiralfy fiimily; Augustus St. Gaudens, the sculptor; the De Navarro families; Walter .Shirlaw; Gaston L. Feuardent, the an- tiquary; and other notable persons. The park is divided into two parts, being crossed by a roadway con- necting Fifth Avenue with South Fifth Avenue. It is a picturesque and attractive resort from its surroundings, though the current of fashion has long since passed northward. On its east side the New York University Building lifts its castellated bastions and turrets, like some old mediajval donjon, and lends a peculiar aspect of old-fashioned quaintness to the scene. The curious observer of human nature can find in this square a wonderful field for pursuing his favorite study, as all grades of poverty and shiftlessness are well repre- sented. The park is also a fLivorite playground for children, and their bright faces and active little figures lend a cheery look to what might otherwise be the too grim forlornness of the tramp and idler. The north side of Washington Square is peculiarly impressive and interesting, from the style of the residences, many of which are still inhabited by affluent old families too conservative and too much in love 76 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. with past associations, and M'ilh the beauty of the location, to yield to the behests of fashion. The houses are of red brick with white-marble trimmings and marble stoops, and have a peculiarly bright and refreshing aspect. The wealth and social pride of New York have had their strongholds at the Battery, Bowling Green, East Broadway, Bond and Bleecker streets. Union Square, and Washington Square, respectively. Now Fifth Avenue is the successor, and where the next grand concentration of the aristocracy of money will be it is not easy to foretell, but it promises to be more and more northward. Probably there is not another street in the world wherein are more exquisite collections of those trifles of art and taste which bespeak a high order of cultivation than Fifth Avenue. The avenue is the Belgravia of the American metropolis, the centre of its fashion and splendor, the home of its merchant princes. It is at its best on a pleasant Sunday at the time when the churches are out; or on a bright afternoon, when its long lines of carriages are rumbling awa}' toward the park. From Washington Square to Central Park, a distance of two miles and a half, it presents an unbroken array of splendid dwellings and noble churches, except here and there in its lower portion, where business establishments which deal, for example, in musical instruments, pictures, jewelry, and articles of a costly and ornamental nature, have encroached on its fashionable private character. ^lany of the structures in this long line of costly domiciles possess marked beauty of architectural design, and all are built in fine, massive blocks, and chiefly of brown-stone. Here, indeed, on every side are gorgeous club-houses, churches notable for their beauty and a domestic architecture of rare variety and comfort, with picture-galleries and rich porticos, and long vistas of Con- necticut brown-stone palaces, the homes of incalculable wealth and splendor. In spite of the uniformity of appearance, which comes of a general use of the same building material, and a similar style of structure, sufficient variety and character are given the thoroughfare by numerous magnificent church edifices and the few hotels and private dwellings of a diff"erent style of architecture to relieve the sombre and massive dignity which would otherwise stamp the aspect of the street. To describe in detail the many objects of interest to be seen on this avenue would require more space than we have at command. It has been appropriately said that an int|uisitive visitor should, on taking a stroll up Fifth Avenue, be accompanied by a herald king-at-arnis, a mercantile register, an elite directory, and a wise old club-man with his stores of personal and family gossip. The author of a recent publication, "How to Know New York,'' made a tour of inspection through the avenue, and thus he tells who are residing and what is to be seen on this always attractive thoroughfare : At No. I, the first house on the right, as the avenue leaves Washington Square, lives William Butler Duncan, and on the other side, at Nos. 6 and 8, are the Lispenard Stewarts and John Taylor Johnston, the famous art-connoisseurs. Beyoiul Clint( m I'lace is the aristocratic Brevourl House, a favorite with F.nglish tourists; and opposite is the Hotel Berkeley, where Theudure Tlmnias antl many others dwell. Beyond Ninth Street, at No. 23, lives Cen. Daniel F. Sickles. At Tenth Street is the brown-stone Church of the Ascention (Episcopal), with the (irosvenor opposite. The First Presbyterian Church comes next, with the INIinturn and I'albot mansions beyond. At Fourteenth Street we see the busy precincts of Union Square to the right, and traverse a region of brilliant shops. On the left-hand corner of Fifteenth Street is the great ahd finely-appointed brown-stone building of the ^Manhattan Club, the favorite resort of the patricians of the Democratic party, called by their round-headed fellow-partisans ''the swallow-tails." It has 1000 mem- bers; and the entrance-fee is $100, with $70 yearly dues. Near by, at 109 East Fifteenth Street, is the house of the famous Century Association, a literary, artist'c, and aesthetic club, with 600 members, a large library, and a picture-gallery. In this same neighborhood, on West Fifteenth Street, are the spacious buildings of the College of St. Francis Xavier, with nearly 500 students, in eharge of the Jesuit Fathers, and a library of 20,000 volumes. On this same street is the tall New York Hospital, chartered by King George III. in 1771. At the farther right corner of Sixteenth Street is the mansion of Levi P. Morton (No. 85), and Col. Robert G. Ingersoll, at No. 89. At No. 103 is the home of Edwards Pierrepont, long minister to England. At No. 118 live the New York Winthrops. At Eighteenth Street is the rich and ornate Chickering Hall, devoted to musical entertainments; and opposite, at No. 109, is August Belmonts estate, where also dwells the Hon. Perry Belmont, a well-known Congressman. On the opposite corner, at No. 107, is the mansion of Mrs. Marshall O. Roberts, one of the grand dames of New York society. On the Twenty-first Street corner is the great brown-stone building of the patrician Union Club, founded in 1836, and with over 1000 members. The entrance-fee is $300, and yearly dues $75. Clarence A. Seward, the THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 77 gifted son of William H. Seward, lives at No. 143. At No. 147 (corner of East Twenty-first Street) is the Lotos Club's comfortable brown-stone building, with 500 members, where famous munthly art-recei)li(^ns and ladies' days are held. Here dwells the veteran world-traveller, Col. Thomas W. Knox. Next door is liie Glenham Hotel. In this vicinity stands the South Reformed Church (corner of West Twenty-first Street), and the Cumberland is between East Twcnt\-sec()nd and East Twenty-third streets. Now the avenue cuts obliquely across Broadway, with the brilliant vistas of Madison Square on the right, passing the enormous white-marble Eifth Avenue Hotel, the Imme i>f (ien. W. T. Sherman, ex-Senator Piatt, William J. Elorence. and other notable persons- On the next bU)ck is the IlolVman House, famous for its interior decorations and magnificent bar-room. At Twenty-fifth Street is the fashionable New York Club, facing the Worth Monument. At the corner of West Twenty-sixth Street is Delmonico's famous restaurant, with the Hotel Brunswick opposite. \t West Twenty-seventh Street is the immense and lofty Victoria Hotel, towering high above the surrounding buildings. At Eifth Avenue and Twenty- eighth Street (No. 247) was the home of the late Professor E. L. Youmans, editor of the " Po{)ular Science [Monthly," and author of manv famous scientific books. No. 244 is the lnjine of the famous The Vanderbilt Mansions, Fifth Avenue. jMis. Paran Stevens, and at No. 9 West Twentv-ninth s ex-Senator Roscoe Conkling, one of the u Ici^al luminaries and orators of New York. On the next block is the great and costly Knickerbocker. The great double house. No. 259, is ]\Irs. Joscjihine ]\hi}'s, and belonged to her father, the late (ieorge Law, millionaire and financier. At No. 261 (corner of East Twenty-ninth Street) dwells Gen. George W. Cullom, beyond the Hamersley ^ mansions. At West Twenty-ninth Street appears the white granite temple of the Eifth Avenue Reformed the right (on Twenty-ninth Street) is the picturesque Church of the Trans- figuration (Episcopal), generally and afleclionately known as "The Litde Church around the Corner." wherefrom many actors have been buried. The bit of green lawn, overarching trees, and mantling of ivy, make this a charming oasis in the surrounding desert of brick and stone. It is regarded with peculiar aflfection by many persons who consider the average church as quite alien to their lives and tastes. The towering Gilsey House rises to the left, on West Thirtieth -Street. At No. 319 (corner of East Thirty-second Street) stands the new house of the e.xclusive Knickerbocker Club, which includes many well-known devotees of coaching and polo. Its entrance fee is $300, annual dues Si 00. Between West Thirtj-second and West Thirty-third streets (Nos. 338 and 350) are the huge brick Church ; and a little wav t( 78 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. mansions of the hundred-millionaire brothers — John Jacob Astor and William Astor — with a high- walled garden between. On the next corner, at No. 374, is the town-house of Mrs. J. Coleman Drayton, one of the Astor daughters. At the corner of West Thirty-fourth Street is the great Italian palace of white marble, erected at a cost of $2,000,000 by the late A. T. Stewart, a Belfast lad, who came to America in 1818, and began life in New York as an assistant teacher, then opened a small shop for trimmings, and in time became the most successful merchant in the world, so that when he died (in 1876), he left $40,000,000. jMrs. Stewart lived here until her death, in 1886. Alongside the Stewart place, the only other house on the block, is the great old Astor mansion, which, after a strangely checkered career, has just been leased by the New York Club, to be dedicated to their jo}'ous uses. Between West Thirty-fifth Street and West Thirty-sixth Street live the Kernochans (No. 384), and Gen. Daniel Butterfield (No. 386); and at No. 389 (between East Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh streets) is Pierre Lorillard's home. The fashionable Christ Church (Episcopal), famous for its fine music and beautiful frescos, is on the corner of West Thirty-fifth Street ; and the Brick Church (Presbyterian) rises at the corner of West Thirty-seventh Street. At the old home of Gov. E. D. Morgan, No. 415 (between East Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth streets), is the St. Nicholas Club, composed exclusively of gentle- men of the oldest Knickerbocker families — the Remsens, De Peysters, Rhinelanders, Roosevelts, etc. At No. 425 (beyond East Thirty-eighth Street) is the home of Austin Corbin, the railway king; at No. 429 that of Henry Bergh, the friend of suflering animals ; at No. 459 (beyond East Thirty-ninth Street) that of Frederick W. Yanderbilt. The lofty and quaint Union League Club-house is at the corner of Fifth Avenue and East Thirty- ninth Street, with its conspjcuous gables and huge roof From West Fortieth to Forty-second Street extends the distributing reservoir of the Croton Water-works, crowning the summit of ]Murray Hill, 115 feet above tide-water, covering four acres, and holding 23,000,000 gallons of water. It is a massive structure in Egyptian architecture, 44 feet high and 420 feet square. Back of it is the pleasant Bryant Park, on which the famous Crystal Palace stood, thirty years or more ago. Opposite, on Fifth Avenue, are the tall art-furniture buildings of Pottier & Stymus, the massive American Safe-deposit Building, and a few quaint dwellings, the remnants of the old-time block of yellow gothic houses (one of them still occupied by Mrs. Lucian B. Chase), in part of which was the famous Rutgers Female College. Next the avenue crosses Forty-second Street, which runs to the left to the Weehawken Ferry, and to the right to the Grand Central Depot and the Grand Union Hotel. On the left corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Street is the lofty stone Hotel Bristol, with Russell Sage's house next door (No. 406), and o])posite is the Hamilton. At the corner of East Forty-third Street is the Temple Emanu-El, the great Hebrew synagogue, perhaps the richest piece of Saracenic architecture in America, with its minaret-like towers, delicate carvings. Oriental arches, and a dazzling ly brilliant interior. In the next blo'ck is the Sherwood, the home of the Rev. G. H. Hepworth, and other well-known ])ersons. Opposite, at 524, is the head- quarters of the ^Manhattan Athletic Club, with its luxurious rooms and finely-equipped gym- nasium. At No. 532 is Manton Marble's house, and No. 549 is Thomas T. Eckert's home. The Universalist Church of the Divine Paternity, so long ministered to by Dr. Chapin, stands at the corner of West Forty-fifth Street. A little way to the right, on East Forty-fifth Street, are the homes of the famous broker, Washington E. Conner (No. 14), and of the eloquent Chauncey M. Depew, president of the New York Central Railroad (No. 22), and one of the best after-dinner speakers in America. At No. 2 East Forty-sixth Street is the mansion of Seligman, the well-known financier. Nearly opposite the L^niversalist Church is the narrow and richly-carved fa9ade of the Episcopal Church of the Heavenly Rest, whose interior is rich in polished granite pillars, with quaintly-carved capitals, frescos after Era Angelico, and other beautiful adornments. The great Windsor Hotel extends from East Forty-sixth to East Forty-seventh Street, and is the home of Andrew Carnegie and many other noted men. Opposite, at No. 562, dwells Joseph W. Harper, Jr., of the famous publishing-house ; and at No. 574 are the rooms of the American Yacht Club, famous for its navy of costly steam-yachts. On the corner beyond the Windsor, at No. 579, in a large brown-stone house, with lanterns in front, lives Jay Gould, the Napoleon of finance ; and at the other end of the block. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 79 with carved-stone griffins in front, is the home of Robert Goclet. Tlie (ioelet estate is above $20,000,000. At No. 50 West Forty-seventh Street hves Joseph H. Choate. lawyer and orator, and one of the greatest after-dinner speakers of this age. At West Forty-eighth Street is the ornate and high-spired Collegiate Dutch Church, with its flying buttresses, carved piirtals, and general richness of detail ; anil the second house beyond (Xci. duS) i)ertains to Ogden Goclet. At the corner of East Fortv-eighth Street (No. 597) is the home of Roswell P. Flower, eminent in latter-day politics. The ne.xt block, from Fast Forty-ninth to Fiftieth Street, is taken up largely by the great Buckingham Hotel, a quiet and expensive family hotel; and at No. 615 lives Edward S. Jaffrav, the ilrv-goods merchant. Opposite, at No. 624, is the house of the late fohn Roach, the great ship-builder. At the corner of Fiftieth Street rises the vast Cathedral of St. Patrick, described elsewhere. At No. 634, opposite the Cathedral, is the home of D. O. Mills, ex-Senator from California, ami father-in-law of W'hitelaw Reid, of the "Tribune." Pack of the Cathedral is the Florentine palace built by Henry Villard, alongside of Columbia College. Beyond the Cathedral, on Fifth Avenue, is the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum for Boys, on high ground, with the Asylum for Orphan Girls behind it. Between West Fifty-hrst and Fifty-second streets are the magnificent brown-stone ; palaces of the Vanderbilt family, enriched Central Park— The Deer-slayer. by broad bands of carved foli- age, and superbly furnished and decorated inside. No. 640 is the home of Mrs. William H. Vanderbilt, and No. 642 is the liome of her daughter, ]\Irs. William D. Sloane. Across West Fifty-second .Street rises the handsome white stone French chateau of Wil- liam K. Vanderbilt, rich in carvings and oriel-windows. The author of "Recent Architecture in .\merica" calls this "the most beautiful house in New Vork. " Next comes the beautiful and fashionable F^piscopal Church of Central Park — Beethoven. St. Thomas, famous for societv weddine It is a brown-stone Central Park— Tlie Falconer. Gothic Structure, with a melodious chime of bells, and famous altar- paintings by LaFarge. Among its clergy have been Bishops Upfold and Whitehouse, and the Rev. Dr. F. L. Hawks. Just beyond, on the same square, are the picturcsiiue connecting mansions of Dr. W. S. Webb and Hamilton McK. Twombly, who respectively married daughters of William H. \'anderbilt. Between East Fifty-second and Fifty-third streets is liie Langham. Between West Fifty-fourth and Fiftv-fiflh streets are the spacious buildings and grounds of St. Puke's Hospital (open to visitors from 10 to 12, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays), where Episcopal Sisters of the Holy Communion attend the sick, without regard to their sect or nation. In this vicinity dwell several of the Standard Oil Company magnates, — Henry M. Flagler at No. 685, William Rockefeller at No. 689, etc. 80 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. At West Fifty-fifth Street is the great Presbyterian church under Dr. John Hall's administration, the largest church of that sect in the world, with a spire that is a landmark for a great distance. No. 724, just beyond West Fifty-sixth Street, is the home of R. Fulton Cutting, — a very handsome piece of do- mestic architecture. At the lower corner of West Fifty-seventh Street is the handsome house built and some time occupied by the famous Mrs. Frederick W. Stevens, the immensely wealthy heiress of Josiah Sampson, who deserted her husband after twenty years of married life, and in 1886 married the Marquis de Talleyrand-Perigord, in Paris. The house now belongs to Secretary of the Navy, Whitney. On the other corner of West Fi fty-.se venth Street is the superb mansion of Cornelius Vanderbilt. A little way beyond is the beginning of Central Park, which forms one side of the avenue for over two miles and a half The other side is being built up with noble mansions, and will at some future time be the most beautiful place of homes in America. At No. 810. corner of East Si.xty-second Street, is the town-house of William Belden, a many-millionaire, who defeated Jay Gould in the famous Black Friday fmancial battle. Opposite East Si.xty-fourth Street is the old Arsenal and Menagerie. Between East Si.xty-sixth and Sixty-seventh streets is the group of houses in which dwell the Soto family (No. 854). and Mrs. de Barrios (No. 855), the widow of the famous Central American statesman, killed in battle a few years ago. No. 3 East Sixty-sixth Street was the home of the late Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and his family still dwell there. At No. 871 is the mansion of Mrs. Robert L. Stuart. The splendid Lenox Library extends from East Seventieth Street to Seventy-first Street. A little way to the right looms up the lofty, quaint, and picturesque gray house of Charles L. Tiffany, designed by IMcKim, ]\Iead & White, with its mediaeval portcullis, red marble Moorish stairway, teak-wood doors, blue-and-pearl dining-room, etc. Here also dwells the famous railway king, Henry Villard. The upper floor, under the great, dusky tiled roof is a vast studio. OTHER CENTRES OF WEALTH AND FASHION. The Faubourg St. Germain of America is the region included between Lexington Avenue and Sixth Avenue, Madistjn Square and Central Park, a district about half a mile wide and a mile and a half long. Here dwell the Croesuses of New Amsterdam, the old patrician families, the less old aristocrats, the new rich — the descendants of the De Peysters and Livingstons, as well as the recently crowned petroleum and railway princes. Lexington Avenue, Madison Avenue, and some thirty-five streets ad- joining, are crowded with the homes of the men who make their fortunes in the busy whirl towards Wall Street and the Battery. Enormous as the estates are which these homes represent, and cosdy as the buildings are, their external eflect is not satisfactory. The houses are built in blocks with such a uniformity in material and frontage as to become monotonous and oppressive in aspect. Internally they are replete with e\ery luxury and comfort. Many of the residents here own stately and emparked mansions on the bank of the Hudson, but prefer the joyous life of the city. Stuyvesant Square, to which reference has already been made, is still an aristocratic residential quarter; it is located on a part of the old Stuyvesant farm, is four acres in extent, is between East Fif- teenth and Seventeenth streets, and has the tall twin spires of St. George"s Church overlooking it. In this square, which has beautiful lawns and trees with luxuriant foliage, and which is the local paradise for the residents in the tenement region on the East side, resides Hamilton Fish (ex-Secretary of State), Sidney Webster, Jackson S. Schultz, Russell Sturgis, Richard H. Stoddard (the poet), William H. Schietfelin, the Rutherfords, the Stuyvesants and other well-known persons. Gramercy Park, between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets and Third and Fourth avenues, and about one and a half acres in extent, is the abode of many old families — John Bigelow, Cyrus W. Field, David Dudley Field, Max Strakosch, and others. In this park resided the late Samuel J. Tilden. These and other SQUARES AND PARKS Are valuable "breathing-places" in the great city, and the authorities are happily alive to the wisdom of increasing their number as opportunities offer. That those which already exist are fully appreciated by the public is unquestionable, and the expense of maintaining these health-giving spots is cheerfully borne by T H H A\ T R O IMJ L 1 S OF T O - D A Y 81 the tax-paying public. Wherever it is possible to introduce a little greenery into a "square" this hn been done, but in some instances, as, for example, in Chatham Square, whatever of greensward may one have existed the tread of men and horses has stamped out. and trees have h.id t.. make r. ..>in f .r increasing traffic. Chatham Square is located at the junction of Park Row (formerly Ciiatiiam Street), East Broad- 82 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. way, and the Bowery. Here elevated and horse railways centre, and the locality is one that is always crowded. A century ago, the ground hereabouts was marsh land, and the owner of the marshes, Rutgers, declared they were so pestilent that "the inhabitants lose one third of their time by sickness." Hanover Square, located at the corner of Pearl and William streets, has undergone a like transformation in the interests of trade and traffic. It now has an elevated-railroad station, and is -the centre of the wholesale cotton trade in America.. The old Cotton Exchange is located on one side of the square, and on the opposite side is the imposing new Cotton Exchange. Here, a century or so ago, were the abodes of the Hoffmans, Beekmans, Hamersleys, (jouverneurs, Van Homes, etc. ; and here Admiral Digby entertained Prince William Henry, afterwards William IV. of England. In the first few years of the present century several noted French refugees resided hereabouts. Among these were De Neuville, La Rue, De Riviere, and others; and the famous General IMoreau, sometime commander of the Army of the Rhine and Moselle. He was banished by Napoleon. Moreau, after residing here for several years, joined the allied armies in Europe, and was killed at the battle of Dresden by a cannon-shot, aimed by Napoleon himself. Jeannette Park, near this square, has recently been made by filling up the ancient Coenties Slip. Franklin Square used to be a mound between the " Swamp" and the East River. It is now roofed over by the elevated-railway trestles, and has the Brooklyn Bridge on one side and the Harpers' publishing house on the other. Walter Franklin, a Russian merchant, erected a palace on Cherry Street and Franklin Square. This became the presidential mansion, in which Washington held his court and gave his brilliant receptions. Printing-house Square, Union Square, Washington Square, Madison Square, and Stuyvesant Square we have alluded to elsewhere. Tompkins Square, covering ten acres of lawn and greenery, between East Seventh and Tenth streets, and Avenues A and B, and surrounded by one of the most overcrowded tenement regions of the East side, is one of the most appreciated breathing-places in the city. Mount ]\Iorris Square encloses a bold rocky hill in the environs of Harlem. It is well stocked with oaks, maples, tulij) trees, etc., and near the fire-alarm tower, on the crest of the hill, is a fine plaza, from which vantage-ground a charming view is obtained. A pleasant oj)en space, between Fortieth and Forty-second streets, and Sixth Avenue and the Reservoir, is Bryant Park, which received its present name in 1884 in honor of the late William Cullen Bryant. It is a favorite rcs^rl for West-sitle juveniles. The world-renowned Crystal Palace of ante-bellum days occupied this site. We give a view of this ivnowncd buiUling. Another of the popular minor parks is the .Morningside Park, near Tenth Avenue, and extending from One Hundred anil Tenth Street to < )ne ihuulred and Twenty-third Street. This is 47 acres in extent, and is mostly unim])ro\ed, though itioniains a costly and far-viewing driveway. It lies on the east or morning side of the ridge winch separates Harlem Plains from the Hudson River and Riverside Park. Riverside Park, of which we give an illustration, is a charming place for a ramble or drive. The park is a narrow strip of land, occupying the higli baidx of the Hudson, and between the Hudson and Riverside Avenue. It extends from Seventy-second to One Hundred and Thirtieth streets, is three miles long, and averages 500 feet wide. The area is about 178 acres, only a portion of which has been laid out in walks and drives, while the rest still retains the wild picturesqueness of nature. A magnificent driveway, cut into four broad sections 1\\- curving ribbons of lawns and trees, sweeps over the hills and along the edge of the bluff, affording very charnnng views of the Hudson River, Weehawken, Guttenberg, Edgewater, the Palisades, and upper Manhattan. On a noble elevation near the north end of the park is the brick tomb in which Gen. Grant's body was temporarily laid, with imposing ceremonies, August 8, 1885. Through the latticed door can be seen the flower-laden receptacle in which the remains of the great hero are placed. Near the tomb is the old Claremont mansion, named after Lord Clare, a royal colonial governor. This district promises to become a fashionable residential quarter. Jerome Park, laid out and beaudfied with trees, shrubbery, a club house, and other neeessary build- ings by Leonard W. Jerome, is the famous New York race-course. The park is held under a lease by the American Jockey Club, organized in 1866, and now the most prominent racing associadon in the country. The park is situated near Fordham, in the extreme northern suburb of the city. Races take place in June and October. Central and other parks we have spoken of elsewhere. The East side is to become as rich as the West side in parks, the city having purchased three tracts of land, each of considerable area, in what is. known as the "annexed district," and these are to be laid out in walks and recreation grounds. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 83 ASYLUMS, HOSPITALS, HOMES, ETC. In their increasing struggle kn- wealth, position, and pleasure, New Yorkers cannot be accused o( being unmindful of the condition of those who, possessing few of this world's goods, are sick and in distress, for all over the city there are hospitals and dispensaries, where the sick and ailing are treated and cared for. The warils of the citv authorities are sheltered and fed on Blackwell's, Ward's, and Randall's islands in the East River, and on Marl's Ishuul in the Sound. Blackwell's Lsland is opposite the foot of East Forty-sixth Street, and is 120 acres in extent. Upon it are located the Almshouse, Female Lunatic Asylum, Penitentiary, "Workhouse, llliiul As\ luni, C'liaril\ , Sinall-pox, and Typhus Fever li. .spiials, alfording accommodation to about seven thousand persons. These immense battlemented buildings are constructed of granite, quarried Entrance to Central Park, Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street. on the island by convicts, and thev are intersected by well-kept lawns, groves, and gardens. Ward's Island is located on the shore of Hell (late, and on it stand the great Municipal Building, the insane and inebriate asylums, homes for children and invalid veteran soldiers, a house of refuge, and a hospital fof immigrants, all surrounded by fine old trees, and on a generous area ot 200 acres. There is accommodation h^re for 3000. Randall's Island, occupying 100 acres where the East River leaves Long Island Sound, has 2500 more un- willing inhabitants tenanting the great House of Refuge (for juvenile delinquents), the Idiot Asylum, and a group of sc hools, homes, and hospitals provided by the city for destitute children. On the mainland is the Roman Catholic Protectory, a long line of imposing gothic buildings, locally called the Houses of the Holy Angels, where 800 or more destitute or vicious Romanist children are continually under guard, while the boys are being instructed in better ways by the Christian Brothers, and the girls by the Sisters of Charity. Hart's 84 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. Island, off Pelham Neck in the Sound, is the site of city hospitals, lunatic asylum, industrial school, and Potter's Field, where 2000 pauper and unknown dead are yearly buried. For ihuse who are not the wards of the city, and who are sick or in distress, adequate provision is made through the channels of private charity. Even dumb animals are provided for, since there are two hospitals where poor people can take their sick horses and dogs and have them attended to free of charge by skilled and experienced veterinary surgeons. Hc^spitals abound on everv hand where patients, if poor, are admitted free of cost ; if able to pay, they are expected to pav reasonable charges. In many uf the hospitals, for $5000 a donor and his successors have the privilege of nominating the occupant of a bed for all time, and, as the bed bears the name of the donor, it is an enduring monument to his generosity to his less fortunate fellow-man. In addition to main- taining these charitable institutions, there are many benevolent societies for the care of the aged, orphaned, insane, blind, deaf and dumb, and indigent and friendless of every kind. We mention but a few of these commendable institutions, and for a full list must refer the reader to the City Directory : New York Hospital (Fifteenth Street, near Fifth Avenue) is a great, many-balconied, brick building, with ornamental gothic gables. The institution was founded by the P2arl of Dunmore, in 1771 : and its ancient seat, between Duane and Church streets and Broadway, was vacated in 1870, the jMX'sent Iniililing being o])ened in 1877. \Vard-p)atients pa}' $1 a day. St. Luk(-s Ii(l^pi^al, at Fifth Avenue and Fifty-fourth Street, was founded in 1850 by the Rev. \V. A. .Aliililciiherg, and has an oblong parallelogram of buildings, with wings, and a central cliapel flanked wiili towers. It is attended by Episcopal nuns, and the form of worship is Episcopalian ; but pLitients aic received without regard to sect. Orphan Asylum, at Riverside Park, was founded about 1807, in a small hired house below City Hall Park. It-; prMperu- is now worth $1,000,000, and 200 orphans are in its charge. ^Mtiuiit Sinai Hospital, at Lexington Avenue and East Sixty-sixth Street, is a noble Elizabethan pile of brick ami iiiarMc. admirabl}- cciuipped, witli nearly 200 free beds. It cost $340,000, and was erected by Jewish New-Yorkers, but is non-sectarian. Presbyterian H()S[)ital, at MadiMiu A\enue and East Seventieth Street, founded by James Lenox, who also established the magnificent Lenox Librarv, is a handsome gothic building, dating from 1872. 'Lhe New York Cancer lLi>i)ital (tliLax- is but one other in the world), is on liighth Avenue, near One Hundred and Fifth Street. It was founded in 1884, with an endowment of $200,000 from John Jacob Astor, $50,000 from ]\Irs. Gen. Cullom, and $25,000 each from Mrs. Astor, 'Sirs. R. L. Stuart, and ]Mrs. C. H. Rogers. OKI Ladies' Home, of the Ba|)tist Church, on Sixty-eighth Street, near Fourth Avenue, is a spacious semi-gothic buiUling in the form of the letter II. Roosevelt Hospital, at Ninth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, richly endowed by the late James H. Roosevelt, is an admirably arranged and spacious pavilion hospital, opened in 1871, and accommodating 180 patients. Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane, at Boulevard and One Hundred and Seventeenth Street, on Washington Heights, is a palatial brown-stone building, erected mainly in 1821, amid charming grounds of 45 acres. Onl}' pa^'ing patients are received. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Fanwood (One Hundred and Sixty-second Street), Wash- ington Heights, is richly endowed, and has 37 acres of grounds. It was founded in 1816, and educates 250 pupils, the course being eight years. Open dail\', 1.30 to 4 p. m. Institution for the Blind, at Ninth Avenue and West Thirty-fourth Street, has a granite gothic building. It was founded in 1831. Blind children are educated here, in letters and useful arts. Open to visitors, i to 6 p. m. daily. Among the other beneficent institutions of New York are : Actors' Fund, 12 Union Square. American Dramatic Fund, 1267 Broadway. American Veterinary Hospital, 141 West Fifty-fourth Street. Artists' Fund Society, 6 Astor Place. Association for Befriending Children and Young Girls, 136 Second Avenue. Catholic, for 200 vagrants. Association for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, Lexington Avenue and Si.xty-seventh Street. Association for the Relief of Respectable Aged Indigent THE MHTROPULIS OF TO-DAY 85 Females, Tenth Avenue and One Hundred and I'oiirth Street. Founded 1814. Asylum for Lying-in Women, 139 Second Avenue. Founded 1823. Asylum of St. Vincent de Paul, 215 West Thirty-ninth Street. For 150 orphans. Baptist Home for Aged Persons, Fourth Avenue and Sixty-eighth Street. Bethany Institute for Woman's Christian Work, 69 Sec- ond Avenue. Bible and Fruit Mission, East Twenty -si.\th Street. Bread and Beef House, 139 West Forty-eighth Street. Catholic Protectory, at Fordham. Chambers Street Hospital, i()u Chambers Street. Chapin Home for the Aged and Infirm, 151 East Si.xiy- sixth Street. Charity Organization Society, 21 University Place. Children's Aid Society, 24 St. Mark's Place. City Mission Society, 306 Mulberry Street. Colored Home and Hospital, First Avenue and Si.xty-fifth Street. Colored Orphan Asylum, Tenth Avenue and One Hundred and Forty-third Street. 300 beneficiaries. Founded 1837. Day Nursery and Babies' Shelter, 143 West Twentieth Street. Emergency Hospital, 223 East Twenty-sixth Street. Female Assistance Society, 2SS Madison Avenue. Five Points House of Industry, 155 Worth Street. Five Points Mission, 61 Park Street. Foundling Asylum, Sixty-eighth Street, near Third Avenue. Free Home for Destitute Young Girls, 47 West Eleventh Street. Friends' Employment Society, Rutherford Place. Grace Memorial House, 94 Fourth Avenue. Hahnemann Homoeopathic Hospital, F- urth Avenue, near East Sixty-seventh Street. Harlem Hospital, 27 West One Hundred and Twenty- fourth Street. Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Society, Tenth Avenue and West One Hundred and Thirty si.xth Street. Home for Aged Hebrews, One Hundred and Fifth Street, near Tenth Avenue. Home for Aged Men and Women, One Hundred and Sixth Street, near Ninth Avenue. Home for Colored Aged, foot of East Sixty-Fifth Street. Home for Convalescents, 433 East One Hundred and Eighteenth Street. Home for Deaf-Mutes. 220 East Thirteenth Street. Home for Fallen and Friendless Girls, 49 West Fourth Street. Home for Incurables, 54 West Eleventh Street. Home for Inebriates, Madison Avenue and Eighty-sixth Street. Home for Mothers and Infants, Tenth Avenue and West Sixty-first Street. Home for Old Men and Aged Couples, 4S7 Hudson Street. Home for Sailors, 190 Cherry Streej. Home for the Aged Poor, 231 West Thirty eighth Street, and 179 East Seventieth Street. Home for the Friendless, 32 East Thirtieth Street. Home for Women, 273 Water Street, 260 Greene Street. Home of huUistry for Reformed Men, 40 E^st Houston Street. Hospital New York College of Veterinary Surgeons, East Fifty-eighth Street, near Fifth Avenue. Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled. Lexington Avenue and Forty-second Street. House of Industry, 120 West Sixteenth Street. House of Mercy, West Eighty-sixth Street. House of Rest for Consumptives, at Fordham. House of the Good Shepherd, East Eighty-ninth Street. Howard Mission, 56 Rivington Street. Infant Asylum, Tenth Avenue and East Sixty-first Street. Institution for the Blind, Ninth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Tenth Avenue and One Hundred and Sixty-second Street. Institution of Mercy, 33 East Houston Street. Juvenile Asylum, Tenth Avenue and One Hundred and Seventy sixth Street. Ladies' llelpmg Hand Association, 160 West Twenty- ninth Street. Leake and Watts Orphan House, Ninth Avenue and One Hundred and Eleventh Street. Magdalen Asylum, Eighty-eighth Street, near Fifth Avenue. Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital, 103 Park Avenue. Masonic Board of Relief, Masonic Temple. Medical Mission, 81 Roosevelt Street. Methodist Episcopal Home, 255 West Forty-second Street. For aged and infirm. Metropolitan Throat Hospital, 351 West Thirty-fourth Street. Midnight Mission, 260 Greene Street. For fallen women. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, Second Avenue and Thirteenth Street. New York Infirmary for Women and Children, 5 Living- ston Place. 4 New York Ophthalmic Hospital, 201 East Twenty-third Street. Nursery and Child's Hospital, Lexington Avenue and Fifty-first Street. Olivet Helping Hand, 63 Second Street. Orphan Asylum (Catholic), Fifth Avenue and Madison Avenue, between Fifty-first and Fifty-second Streets. 1200 children. Orphans' Home (Episcopal), Forty-ninth Street, near Lex- ington Avenue. Peabody Home for Aged Women, West Farms. Presbyterian Home for Aged Women, Seventy-third Street, near Madison Avenue. St. Barnabas Home, 304 Mulberry Street. St. Elizabeth Hospital, 225 West Thirty-first Street. St. Francis Hospital, 605 Fifth Street. St. John's Guild, S University Place. St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, Avenue A and Eighty-ninth Street. State Charities Aid Association, 21 University Place. Trinity Hospital, 50 Varick Street. Women's Christian Temperance Home, 440 East Fifty- seventh Street. Women's Hospital, Fourth Avenue and Forty-ninth Street. Young Women's Home. 27 Washington Square. ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. The foremost city in the country in commerce, New York is also foremost in proviamg educational facilities for its "rising generation." Over 300 free pubic schools, with about 4000 teachers, and upwards o( 300,000 scholars, are maintained at an annual cost of nearly $4,000,000. Besides these there are scores of private and parochial schools. The law enjoins all children between the ages of eight and fourteen to attend school, and to hunt out absentees twelve truant officers are employed. j Columbia College is peculiarly a metropolitan institution, and on April 13, 1887, celebrated its cen- ' as a stronghold of Tories (sympathizers with the English), and its then president. Rev. Miles Cooper, an Oxford graduate, had to fly from the wrath of the citizens. He sought refuge in England, and the college buildings were afterwards used as barracks and military hospital by the' American army. The college remained closed until 1787, when the charter was renewed by the legislature, but under its present name of Columbia College. For over a century the college buildings were on College Place, between Barclay and Chambers streets. It was squeezed out of this locality by the irresistible pressure of an incongruous business environment. It then took u]i its location on the square between Madison and Fourth avenues, and Forty-ninth and Fiftieth streets, where it has a permanent seat. The college, with its group of THH METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 87 irregular brick buildings, has gradually developed into a university which New York has reason to be proud of, and which has an assured life of growing inipoilancc. It is the city's principal educational institution, and its alumni include nianv ])n>iniiieiU men. The instilulion has no dormitories. The chief buildings are the .'School ol .Mines, along l-'iliieth Street ( l<)ur-\ears' course; founded in 1864), and which has since gaini:d world-wide fame; the Seliool of .\its, along IMadison Avenue (four-dears' course; fee, $150 a year; 274 students); the Law School, iounded in 1858, and probably the leading one in America (two-years' course; $150 a year; 3(^7 students) ; and the Library (Melvil Dewey, librarian), a handsome building, containing 70,000 volumes (open from S a. .m. to 10 i>..m. ) in a hall 113 by 75 feet, and 58 feet high. The School of I\jlitical Science, opened in 1880 (three-years' course; fee, $150), is in the School of .\rts huililing; the School of Medicine is the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Fourth Avenue and I'weniy-third Street. The college has in all 1600 students. Frederick A. P. Barnard is president. Among its jirofessors are Henry Drislcr, IL H. Boyesen, C. F". Chandler, J. S. Newberry, John I). (^)uackcnbos. William K. Ware, and J. Ordronau.\. Among its early students were John )ay, Alexander Hanrilton, Robert R. Livingston, and Gouverneur Morris. The woman's department now contains nineteen students. 'I"he ancient building with old-fashioned columned ])orlico, in the centre <.if the college grou]). was once the Deaf and Dumb A.sylum, and was bought by the college about thirty )ears aL;o, as a nucleus for its new estai>lishmeut. The Cv)llege of Ph}sicians anil Surgeons in connection with this institution ranks first in the nation. A new college building is being erected near Ninth and Tenth avenues and Fifty-ninth and Si.xtieth streets, through the munificence of the Wuulerbilt family. In 18S5 the late W. Id. Vanilerbilt gave for this purpose $500,000. His four sons afterwards gave $250,000 for the establishment of a free clinic antl disjjensary, ami his daughter, jNLs. A\'illiam D. Sloane, gave $250,000 to f.-)und the Sloant> Maternit}- bL)spital. Tiie new building for the College of Physicians and Surgeons is to be completed in 1S88. The college has 600 students and 20 ])rofessors. 'I'he Jk'llevue-Hospital Medical College was founded in 1861, and has 500 students and a high reputation. It is on the grounds of Hellevue ILispital. The UniversUy of the Cit\- of New \\ lighted at niu^ht by 2''iod Kdison incandescent lights, and is reached by four Otis eleva- tors. It is built around a courtyard, 50 by 70 feet. Connected with various branches of trade, New York has numerous exchanges. The two most prominent are the Stock ExchanLre (referred to elsewhere), and the Produce Exchange. The latter is one of New York's most notable buildings, and was built from the plans of George B. Post in the years 1881 to 1884. The l)uil(linLr, which is located at the foot of Broadway, with its front on Bowling Green, is entirelv fireproof, and it stands on 15,437 piles, brought from the forests of Maine and Nova Scotia. The building is in rich Italian Renaissance architecture, of brick, with a copious use of terra-cotta, in medallions, the arms and names of the States, and projecting galley-prows. Above its uttermost long line of round arches rises an immense campanile, covering 40 by 70 feet, and 94 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. 225 feet high, richly decorated, and nobly dominating lower New York and the bay. The building is 307 by 150 feet in area, and 116 feet high; and tiie main hail has an area of 220 by 144 feet, and 60 feet high. From the visitors' gallery one may look down on the 3000 members of the exchange (organized in 1861, and the largest in the world), and see and hear their fierce bargaining. From the tower, which is reached by an elevator, a magnificent and unrivalled bird's-eve view of lower New York, the bay, Staten Island, the shores and blue mountains of New Jersey, Brooklyn, and Long Island is to be had. The flag flying from the tower is the largest ever made, covering 50 by 20 feet. There are nine passenger-elevators. The money-vault contains 1300 safes, and is defended- by seven alternate layers of iron and steel. The building cost $3,179,000. The ]Mercantile Exchange, a new brick and granite building, at Hudson and Harrison streets, has a tall tower, and 800 members, who deal in butter, cheese, eggs, and groceries. — The Cotton Exchange, a new and imposing seven-story building of yellow brick, on Hanover Square, south of Wall Street, was built at a cost of $1,000,000. — The Coal and Iron Exchange is a vast and massive building at ihe corner of Cortlandt and New Church streets. — The ("onsolidated Petroleum Exchange and Stock Board, at No. 62 Broadway, has a membership of 3000, and is erecting a large, handsome new uuilding. — The American Horse Exchange is at Broailway and Fiftieth Street. — The Building Exchange is at No. 12 Dey Street. — -The Coffee Exchange, at Nn. 141 Pearl Street, has over 300 members, and sometimes 100,000 bags of coffee are sold here in a day. — At the Grocers" Exchange, on Wall and Water streets, tea and sugar are the chief commodities sold. — The ^Maritime Exchange is in the Produce Exchange building. Open from 8 to 5 (exchange hours, 11 to 3) o'clock. Marine and commercial news, reading-room, library, etc. — The Metal Exchange is at Pearl Street and Burling Slip; Real-estate Exchange, No. 57 Liberty Street; American Exchange, No. 309 Greenwich Street; American Exchange and Travellers' Bureau, No. 162 Broadway; American Real-estate ICxchange, No. i Broadway; Brewers' Exchange, corner of Worth and Chatham streets; Building Material P^xchange, No. 12 Dey Street; Cattle Exchange, Broadway and Thirty-eighth Street; Distil- lers' Wine and Spirit Exchange, No. 19 South William Street; Electric ^Manufacturing F'xchange, Duncan Building, corner Nassau and Prince streets; Foreign Fruit Exchange, No. 64 Broad Street ; Hardware Board of Trade, Nos. 6 and S Warren Street; ^Manhattan Stock Exchange, No. 69 New Street; Mechanics and Traders' Exchange, N< >. 14 \'cscy Street, near Broadway: Milk Exchange, No. 22 North Moore Street; New York Naval Store and Tobacco ]\xchange, No. 113 Pearl Street; New York Board of Trade and Transporta- tion, Bryant liuiliiiii^, X' 1. 55 Liberty Street; New York Furniture Board of Trade, Bowerv and No. 150 Canal Street: New Voik Petroleum l-'-xcliaiige and Stock Board, No. 18 Broadway: New York Real Estate and Traders' Ivxchange, Nos. 76 and 78 Bnjad Street; Stationers' Board of Trade, Nos. 97 and 99 Nassau Street; Sugar Plxchangc, No. 87 Front Street. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. The city's powers of self-government are derived under a legislative charter, which is amended as causes arise therefor. The Mayor and Aldermen, with the heatls of the various departments, formed under Boards of Commissioners, are the governing bodies. The departments are as f )llow5 : Finance, Public Works (inclusive of Water-works), Parks, Docks, Police, Charities and Correction, Fire, Health, Buildings, F^duca- tion, FIxcise (licensers of liquor dealers), and Taxes and Assessments. The Aldermen are twenty-two in number, and have power to pass, enforce, and rejjeal civic ordinances subject to the ma\'or's approval, and to pass resolutions over his veto by a two-thirds vote. Besides the departments named there is the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, ])resi(led over by the Mayor, and which finally decides as to the amount of money that is to be annually expended in carrying on the work of the city government; also, the Sinking Fund Commissioners, five in number, who have charge of the method devised for extinguishing the civic debt. At this writing, Hon. Abram .S. Hewitt is Mayor. The city has 24 Assembly districts, 7 State Senatorial districts, and 9 Congressional districts. There are 812 polling-places and registries. The Fire Department is one of the best equipped in the country, and consists of 84 steam fire-engines, 2 water-towers, 32 hook-and-ladder trucks, a life-saving corps, 1080 miles of fire-alarm telegraph, 980 alarm- boxes, 260 horses, and 1000 men. It costs $1,700,000 a year. There are 73 companies, making 12 battalions, each under a chief of battalion. THE METROPOLIS OF TODAY. 95 The peace is preser\ e(l by a stalV of 3200 police officers, whose headquarters are at No. 300 Mulberrj- Street, where the Rogues" (lallery is Icept. There are 35 poHce precincts and station-houses, 75 patrol wagons, and 6 courts. There are 5250 disciplined militia in the city, and these form eight regiments of infantry and two batteries of artillery and gatling-guns. Each regiment has a separate armory, containing company rooms, drill-halls, reception rooms, libraries, etc. The Seventh Regiment (Colonel, Emmons Clark) Armor_v, built in 1879 at a cost of $300,000, is boundctl by Sixty-sixth and Si.xt}'-seventh streets and Fourth and Lexington avenues. The Eighth Regiment (Colonel, ( Icorge D. Scott) has its armory on Ninth Avenue and Twenty- seventh Street; antl the arnior\- of the Ninth Regiment (Colonel, William Seward) is at No. 221 West Twenly- sixih Street. Tlie I'.levenili Regiment isaderuian organization, and its colonel is Alfred P. Stewart. The armory is on (iiand and L.s>ex streets. The Twelfth Regiment (of whigh James H. Jones is colonel) has its Armory on l-'.ighili Avenue, Irom Sixiv-liist to Si.xty-second street. The Twenty-second Regiment Armory is located on Fourteenth Street, near Sixth Avenue. The Sixty-ninth is the famous Irish regiment of the Civil War. Its colonel is fames Cavanagli, and its armory is over Tompkins .Market, on Third Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh streets. The Seveiity-lirst Regiment Armory is at Broadway and Thirty-fifth Street. One of its quaintest trophies is a cannon, "captured from the Bowery boys" in the famous Dead-Rabbit war, in 1S57. This was one of the bravest commands in the battle of Bull I Run. I^. .\. McAlpin is the colonel. The militia are enlist- 1 1; 1 1 | ened for five years, anil they are e(iuipi)ed by the .State with arms and other munitions, ami partly with uniforms. In winter, there are continual compam-tlrills; ami in summer, ^ several days of camp-duty under canvas, at the State camp- i^' • ' * i It ground near Peekskill. Tlie\- are a jxiwer behind the police on occasions of ric it. Tlie\- have swept the tumultuous streets with tieadly vollews more than once, antl were equally efficient llv'i i in line of battle before Gen. Lee's ragged but heroic Southern '' 'Ik''^ infantry. ~ - The cit\' draws its water supplv from the Croton Ri\'er, jSS^'^-'^'\ - ^""'^'^ ! I and it is carried to the city a distance of 40 miles through an a(pieduet constructed at an en'>rmous cost. The High Britlge, 1)\' which the Cr^i^.n A(iueiluct is cari'ied across the Harlem River, at One liuinheil and Seventy-tifth Street, in cast-iron ])ipes j'-X'^'s feet in size, is a \ery pieluresque and neible ste)ne structure of 13 arches, o\'er too leet abei\'e the river, and 1400 feet long. There is a footjiath over the bridge, and a loft}' stand-pipe at one end. .See illustration of the bridge in these pages. The water is distributed in the city through over 400 miles of main jiipes. 1 r. 1 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. In this progressive age the prospects of a city for the future are largely due to its transportation facilities. In this respect New York has everything that can be ilesired. Railroads from almost all points of the compass are constantly pouring in and taking out of the city a vast itinerant population, and ships from every port in the world discharge land i)assengers and merchandise upon our wharves. As e.xplained elsewhere,^ most of the great railroad corporations have their depots on the opposite sides of ■ the rivers, and these are reached by ferries. The fleet of transatlantic steamers running between New York and European ports has no jiarallel in history, and these monarchs of the ocean are at all times objects of curiosity, whether hiiig at their wharves taking in or discharging freight, or in steaming up or down the river, going to or coming from the Old World. 96 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. The River and Sound steamers amaze by their grandeur foreigners who sail in them for the first time. Nearly all are side-wheelers, usually painted white, and many are of great size and speed. SUMMER RESORTS. Dickens, the inimitable novelist, wrote that "the country around New York is surpassingly and exquisitely picturesque," and this wealth of suburban beauty is, in the eminent domain of the eye, the property of all the citizens, and the said citizens make this manifest during the fierce heats of the sum- mer solstice. The environs of the city abound in summer resorts and places of recreation. The city has peculiar advantages as a centre lor summer journeys, being within two hours' travel of the pictu- resque spurs of the Alleghany Mountains in New Jersey, or of the bold highlands of the Hudson, with all varieties of lake, ri\er, and rural scenery, rapid and sure routes of access, and multitudes of hotels of all classes. The marine resorts within a limited radius are numerous, and include scores of hamlets, hotels, and beaches on Stat.en Island, Long Island, the Connecticut shore, and the coast of New Jersey. But New York itself, swept and fanned on every side by ocean breezes, is about as cool and delightful a spot as one can find when the mercury is dancing in the '"nineties." There are numerous aquatic excursions daily, leaving the city in the morning and returning at dusk. In the sum- mer, too, the hotels are not full, and travellers can be made more comfortable than in crowded sea- side resorts, and at much less cost. The Hudson, the "American Rhine," is unsurpassed in natural beauty by Germany's famous river, and a sail up the Hudsmi is al\va\s lirst and foremost among the pleasure-excursions of the residents in the metropolis. Nature has been lavish in the bestowal of lier charms upon this magnificent waterway. These charms have been represented on innumerable cmvascs by painters of world-wide celebrity, and their praises have been sung in prose and verse b\- lo\ers of the jiicturesque. Swift and splendid steamers run during the day and night at appointed hours between the city and Albany, touching at intermediate cities and towns on the way, and in addition to these excursion-boats are run to dif- ferent points upon the river. As the boat skims along the surface of the river, the passenger's attention is arrested by the tall, rock}- west bank at Hoboken and W'eeliawken, where Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr fought their fatal duel. Then he soon has pointed out to him, on the east bank. Riverside Park and the tomb of General Grant. Ten miles u]) the stream are Forts Washington and Lee, and from this point forward the route is rich in historical associations, while scenes of fascinating beauty crowd ([uickly upon each other. At Fort Lee, on the west bank, begin the far-famed Palisades, which extend up the river for fifteen or twenty miles, and which are bare, ])recipitous walls of rock, rising abruptly from the river to a height of from 250 to 600 feet. On the undulating east bank is the handsome town of Yonkers, and a short distance beyond is Grey- stone, the residence of the late Samuel J. Tilden. Between this point and Tarrytown the east bank is dotted here and there with palatial residences. Reaching Irvington, the tourist has pointed out to him Sunn}'- side, the home of Washington Irving. A few miles above, on the west bank, is Tappan, where Major Andr6 was put to death. On the opposite bank is Lyndehurst, the summer abode of the great finan- cier. Jay Gould, and a little farther up the stream lies Tarrytown, where the capture of Andre was made. A mile to the north of Tarrytown is the Old Dutch Church, where, among the bones of the forefathers of the hamlet, lie the bones of Washington Irving. Thirty-two miles from New York is Sing Sing, on the east bank, and here is located the State Prison. Farther on, the river broadens into a bay five miles wide, at the northern end of which, on the west point, is Stony Point, known also as " Mad Anthony's Charge." After the British had captured the fort at this place, Gen. Anthony Wavne, with a handful of men, surpris;d the English in the dead of night, and recaptured the fort. The thrilling story of the fight is told in Thackeray's "Virginians." The river at this part is only half a mile wide. On the east bank is Verplanck's Point, the site of Fort Lafayette, where Baron Steuben drilled soldiers for the Revolutionary Army. As the vessel approaches this spot the tourist supposes that here is the end of the river, and this impression is gained through the presence of an island in the middle of the stream and the height of the bank on each side. On the west bank lies the Dunderberg Moun- tain, rendered famous by Irving.; and on the east bank is Anthony's Nose, 1200 feet high; and TlUi MliTIU)|M)L!S OF TO-UAY 07 lliL- ri\ci-. lies I.>ii;i Island, wliich is a very popular cxtiir- is Cuskill .Mounlains coinc wiiliiu full view. A sIkjii dis- >iiil, and licrc visitors may visit tiie .'\Iililary Academy, fori, lip tiie river, (larrison's and Storm Kiii<,^ the hif,'hest peaks between the two, and api)arcnil\- sliuttin-- in sion-resort. Roundin.L,^ this island ilie faniM tance bej-ond, on the west bani<, is West V and historic sjjots. Continuing the passage of the Higlilands. arc brought within view, and presently Newlnirg, where Washington read his farewell address to the American Army, is icachcd. 'I'licn the boat touches at Poughkeepsie on the right, next at Kmgston on tlic left, anil, p.issing numerous pleasant villages on both banks, the vessel reaches the heart ()f the Calskill region, and then the cities of Athens and Hudson, located on opposite sides of the river. 1-rom this point up to Albany the river is dch in charming scenery. In fact, the entire trip is a beautiful and interesting one. Here and there on the banks are groves, belonging to steam- ship excursion-companies, and these are equipped with tents, sheds, tables, seats, etc., for the accommo- tlation of picnic jxirties. Coney Island is the great excursion-])oint of the millions, and its beach than any other in America. It is about ten miles from New York a low and sandy island, live miles long, and affording good opportunities for in^, and observing human nature. For many .'isited by more people boating, bathing, fisliing. years Coney Islainl it two small inns. ,hicl t ol' the lower classes onlv. ami hail ui)on sulficient to supply the wants ol visitors on Central Park-Boat Landing and Fountain holidays and gala-days. In 1874 a steam railwav was built there from Brooklvn, and a restaurant and pavihon were set up. .Since then Conev Island has been yearly growing in -popular favor, until now It ,s connected with the city by nine railways and several lines of steamboats, capable of iandin. Z wards of rscooo persons on the island every day. The island is divided into four points-^We't Brighton, Brighton, Manhattan Beach and Norton's Point Norton's Point, or West end, is not verv popular, though it is occupied bv pavilions, saloons and tion a^d '- 1 " "'"^ P'easure-seekers do most congregate, and 'for their accommoda- tion and enjoyment there is a motley crowd of hotels, big and little, ccmcert-.stands, beer-^ardcns variety-shows, skating-nnks. wooden toboggan-slides, shooting-galleries, bathing-houses, merrv-go-munds' inchned railways, inuseums, aquariums, brass bands, pop-corn and hot-sausage venders ; inVact everv- thing that can be thought of in connection with a country fair for the amusement of the voun<^ and Uie 98 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. enjoyment of the elders is represented here. Among the attractions is an iron observatory, 300 feet high, with elevators running to the top ; a camera obscura ; two iron piers upwards of a thousand feet long, with bathing-houses beneath ; and a builduig in the form of a colossal elephant, with restaurants, dancin^-ii " Jiiis and various olijects of interest in the interior, and on the lop an observatory, from M-hich a line view of the island is obtained. Three or four of the wealthy clubs of New York have rooms in the chief hotels, which are owned, with all their ajjpurtenances, by two stock companies. From early morning until almost midnight, Suntlay and week-day, the place is crowded with people of all stations in life in que^t of fun and frolic, and here for money they can have them without stint. Brighton Beach, half a mile ilistanl, can he reached from here by stages and an elevated road for a fare of five cents. Brighton lieach is connected with Prospect Park, Brooklyn, by a magnificent boulevard, and is jjatronized mainly by families from the "City of Churches." Here is a hotel of large proportions with a ca|)acity f tr dining 20,000 persons in a day. It is a tenth e)f a ' mile in length, and three stones high, with numerous towers and flagstaff's, and with wide i)ia/.zas running along its entire front. The grounds are beautifully laid (.>ut, and concerts are given twice dailv in a pavilion. Manhattan Beach, 2^ miles away, is connected with Brighton Beach by a small railway, and the fare for travel is five cents. The better-to-do classes are the principal patrons of .Manhattan Beach, and here is one of the largest hotels in the world. This is the Manhattan Hotel, which is four stories high and nearly 700 feet long. It has a capacity to feed 8500 persons at once, and 30,000 in a dav. The grounds are tastefuMy laid out, and there are concerts in a pavilion in front of the hotel, in the afternoi )ns ami eveiungs. I here is a Ijathing establishment with 2700 rooms, and a sea-fronting am])hi- theatie, seating 2000 jjeople, overlooking the bathing-beach, wdiere bathing is perfectly safe. Near the .Alanhattan Hotel stands the Oriental Hotel, highly picturesque in form, 478 feet long, seven stories liigli, and crowned by eight circular towers surmounted by minarets 60 feet higher than the rocjf-line. It has 4S0 rooms, which are occupied chiefly by permanent guests. During the summer there are frequent displays of fireworks at Manhattan. The Coney Island Jockey Club has a club-house at Man- hattan Peach, and a fine race-course at Sheepshead Ba_\', just in rear of the beach, wdiere race meetings are held in June and September. Another popular resort is Rockaway Beach, located on the Long Island shore, twenty miles distant from New \ 01 k. The sail thereto is a fine one, and occupies an hour and a half 'Phe beach has most of the characteristics of Cone\' Island, but the surf is finer. I'here is a wide iron pier running 1200 feet into the sea. 'Phe main hotel has a frontage on the ocean of nearly a quarter of a mile, and contains 1200 rooms. It is seven and eight stories high, with a dining-room where 6000 persons can sit down at once, antl 1200 rooms for guests. Still farther eastward, and on the Long Island coast, is Long Beach. It has a new hotel, a fifth of a mile in length, a large number of handsome cottages, bathing-houses, music-pavilions, and other sources of inlinite entertainment for the thousands who find their way thither from the " madding crowd " in the hot months. Long Island Sound is full of beautiful and picturesque summer-resorts for excursionists. The most noted of ilic^e is (ileii Islaiul, near New Rochelle. The sail thereto is a pleasant and interesting one, and the island abounds with attractions and the means of enjoyment for pleasure-seekers, wdio can find e.xcel- lent entertainment in a well-contlucted hotel. Long Branch, on the New jersey coast, and about thirty miles from New York, is the most hishion- able resort near New York. It is reached by railway or steamboat in about an hour and a half. It has a magnificent sandy beach, beaten unceasingly by the surf; and above it is a bluft', which for a length of three miles is crowned with hotels and cottages, rich in architecture and surroundings. Long Branch has come to be regarded as the summer capital of the Republic, as it is a famous resort of statesmen and politicians, actors and actresses, and persons of wealth and leisure. The hotels ar^ full of gayety, and the displav of horses and etpiii^ages on an afternoon on the thoroughfares is one worth seeing. A little to the north of Long Branch are the picturesque ocean-fronting hills, visible for many leagues at sea, and crowned with the costliest lighthouses and the most brilliant Fresnel lights on the coast. Southward from Long Branch is Elberon, a fashionable summer hamlet, where President Garfield breathed his last. Elberon has a large hotel and many picturesquely-arranged cottages in the Elizabethan style of architecture. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 09 Atlantic Higlilands, Atlantic Cily, Ashury I'ark, etc., are also among the most attractive of tlie summer-resorts lor New \'orkcrs. Sialen Island, forty minutes' sail dv the amusement-loving public. It is a hilly and picturesque island, dotted with fine houses and v illas. Ii is 13 miles long, covers nearly 60 square miles, and has 40,000 inhabitants, two railroads, the Sailors' Snug Harbor, near New lirighton ; the summer-resorts at St. (icorge, and the great I'ortilications overK)oking the Narrows. On account of the beaut\- of its scenery of hill and sea it has been named "The American Isle of Wight.'' It is but a few years ago that the upper parts of Manhattan Island itself were popular resorts for the people, but real-estate men and builders have marred the rusticity of these sections, which include the large suburb of Harlem, beyond the picturescpie, rocky heights of ]\Iount Morris Park ; ^lanhattan- Hicrh Bridge. ville. where are the convent and schools of the Sacred Heart, and also Manhattan College, superin- tended by the Christian Brothers ; Carmansville, where are several old-fashioned mansions ; .\udubon Park, once a ])art of the estate of Audubon, the naturalist ; Fort 'Washington, standing on heights towering 238 feet above the sea, and where, in 1776, 2600 American troops were captured by the British : and Inwood. at the mouth of the Spuyten Duyvil, which, with Harlem River, separates Manhattan Island from the mainland. On these breezy heights there are still several summer-hotels and asylums ; but in these parts houses are multiplying, and dwellers increasing, and the aspect is rapidly becoming more urban and less rustic. The rolling ridges of the "annexed district," Westchester County, where Jerome Park and various well-known Roman Catholic institutions are located, arc being covered with buildings, and ere long the valleys and high plains of this region will lose their verdure. 100 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK, THE METROPOLIS IN THE FUTURE. We have said much in the foregoing pages of the past and present of New York. What of its future ? It is pregnant with problems whose solution will tax the master-minds of the next, if not of the present, generation. Now the "third cit\- in the wide realms of the Caucasian race, the P^mpire C'it\' iif America," its population is ever multipl}'ing, its manufactures increasing, and its commerce extending. But a few years ago the b<)undar\-lines of the metropolis were stretched so as to give more " elbow-rui nn. " Then the city's belt was made to enclose 4ii square miles, or 26,500 acres; an'd already there is a demand for another slackening of the swaddling-bands of this infant city that it may have room in which to develop into the greatest of city giants. Its growth thus far has been marvellous. Less than two and a half centuries ago — in 1656— the entire population numbered only 1000. The greatest growth has been during the present century. In 1800 the inhabitants numbered 60,489 : forty years afterwards the populadon had increased to 312,710 : and in the next forty years — in 1880 — to 1,206,500. and to-day it is estimated that New York has within its limits 1,400,000 souls. The future growth will be on a scale even greater dian this, for, in addition to the natural increase,, die overcrowded nations of Europe will continue to pour into the Empire City their surplus popu- lations. Then the time is coming quickly when the sister city of Brooklyn — now for the most part the mere sleej)ing-quarters of tens of thousands who toil and feed in the greater citv — will fall into the vortex of metropolitan life and activity. Forces are silently at work for making the twain one judicially and municipally, as they are now practically in manufacturing and commercial relationship. That great engineering prodigy, the East River Bridge, has established a vital artery and a bond between the twin cities that are of greater strength than cables and trussed beams of steel. This span- ning of the restless boundary-river has created a' unity between the opposite banks of the stream that time will strengthen and no force can break. Its success has paved the way for other enterprises of a *-^:<.^v^.:»_;.-..-.^;c^^^»^f ■ " lilvc nature f..r linking New York with the opposite -'-'iC'ji^f^ll^^^j:^-' - shores of it'- ri\ers. and the day is not far distant when the f.ast Ri\cr will be spanned bv another Riverside Drive. bridge at Blackwell s Island, and when that island will be reached on foot from either bank of the stream. Railway communication will also be established between the twin cities b\- means of a tunnel under the bed of the river; and when Brooklyn, with its 700,000 of population, shall have become part and parcel of the metropolis, the latter will be not the third, but at least the second, "citv in the wide realms of the Caucasian race." The Hudson River, too, is to be tunnelled, and railroad trains that now halt on the shores of Jersey City are to be run into New York and probably have their termini near Washington Square. It is also within the range of [>robability, as well as that of possibility, that the Hudson will have its suspension bridge like the East River. While the populadon of the metropolis continues to increase, manufactures and commerce will go on- expanding, and demanding more space in which to expand. The lower part of Manhattan Island is what it will continue to be — the great centre of finance and foreign commerce. From this point commerce will keep stretching itself out northerly, but every foot of land in the lower part of the city will grow in value as the demand for warehouse accommodation increases. By being as near to the harbor as possible with their warehouses, merchants secure advantages which they are not slow to realize, and ere many j'ears are past the verdant slopes of Staten Island will be dotted not only with villas, but with huge warehouses for the storage of the world's produce. Trade is persistent in its amplification, and is unceasingly fastening its grip upon the domain of aristocracy in street and avenue, and, as it does this, "exclusive society" in New York is periodically changing its habitat to preserve its surroundings from plebeianism. New York's "court quarter" of the aristocracy is consequently gradually drifting more and more to the northern end of the island, and here it may find a resting-place. Here, at Riverside Park, which is a THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY •wide ridge with abrupt sides ami a hioad top, overlookini;^ at once, on either hand, die magnificence of the Hudson, beneath the Palisades, and the romantic nooks ol' the Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek, with the glittering reaches of Long Island Sound. This is a spot diat has, as yet, been inaccessible to the heavy wheels of commerce, to the enterprise of speculative builders, and to the odors of the common world. Then the opj)osiie shores on every hand are all of the same sort, and these are waiting to be united in one by suspension bridges from height to height, anchored in the ready-built rocks. One of the finest bridges in the world — the famous "High Bridge' of the Croton Aqueduct — spans the Harlem from bluff to bluff; and, whenever desired, an upper story can be built upon this massive bridge, and roofed with a fine level roadway from Washington Heights to the summits of the hills of the Twenty-fourth Ward. Already a suspension bridge across the Hudson, from Washington Heights to the Palisades, has been chartered, and this will connect the magnificent boulevards now building on each of the opposite heights in a continuous drive of fifteen miles, which for eminence of prospect, luxurious convenience, and [jicturescjue variety can never be equalled in the neighborhood of any other great city in the world. By degrees the aristocratic clement will make these sightly heights residential quarters, the jobbing trade will continue to advance upon the domain of the present retail trade, and llie latter will follow fashion in its movement northward. The increasing numbers of hard-handed and grimy-faced si)ns of toil will, with their families, locate — well, where they can, but certainly somewhere. In the future the city will make even more prodigious strides than in the past in the growth of populaiiMU, nianulactures, and com- merce, and provision for this j^rnwtli must be made. The civic girdle ..f tin- kumi metropolis, now •extending on the north in a straii^ht line from Mount St. \'incent to the IJroux Kui r aliove Woodlawn, will be pushed forward until the city of Yonkers is swallowed up on the Hudson Ri\rr side, and the town of New Rochelle on the Sound. On the east the boundary line of the metropolis will be lifted over the East River ami encircle Flushing, Jamaica, and populous Brooklyn. This done. New York, half a century hence, will contain a larger population than London, and it will have acquired the distinction of being the unrivalled centre of finance and commerce, of luxury and fashion, and of art and literature. As the city expands, increased travelling facilities must of necessity be provided. The existing elevated railways have solved the problem of facilitating urban travel; but even these are daily becoming more and more inadequate to cope with the increased service demanded, and something more will have to be done. Underground as well as clc\atcd railways are within the po.ssibilities of the future, and a few years hence busy Broadway and nthcr ilion )ughfares will be arcaded. Active minds and strong hands will grai»ple with the j)rohlems of die ciu 's future, and these problems concern the occupation, housing. accomuiodaiiMii, convenience, comfort, and enjovment of the jieople of what will assuredly be the principal city of the world, and the metropolis of the mightiest country on earth. ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. The pages that follow contain many of the rejiresentative houses of the metroiiolis, and in connection with the illustrated portion of the work will be found profitable and in- teresting. SYPHER & CO., Dealers in Antique and ^Modern Fui-niture, China, Bric-a-brac. Old Silver a Sperialty, Xn 860 Broadway, comer Seventeenth Street. Braiirli. No. .'> Casino Building, Newport.— The iirm name of Syphcr & Co. is redolent of the memories of the antique ; of the rare and precious in art ; of the most skilful work of the silversmitli ; of the gems of production in the line of fine china, porcelain, and glass ; the finest achievements of the cabinet-maker and wood carver, of the armorer and tlie gun- smith ; of the choicest exhibits of every age and every clime in the line of the rare, curious, and beautiful. It was away back in iS28 that an Englishman named Daniel Marley founded this business, bringing to bear a very accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the antique and what was rare and valuable in old silver, old furni- ture, etc. He had but $100 capital and started in a small way. but fr»m its inception the business grew rapidly ; the pubUc found that Mr. Marley was above all things a reliable man, and that purchases effected of him were excellent investments ; with him came Kir. O. L. Sypher, then a boy, a native of Long Island, and who manifested marked aptitude in obtaining a thorough knowledge of every detail of the business. The concern did an ever-increasing trade until it was removed to better accommodations at No. ."iO? Broadway. In 1866, Mr. Sypher became sole proprietor. He had become by this time the recognized leading expert in the field of the antique, costly and curi- ous. Eventually he removed from the old Broadway stand to a beautiful site opposite Astor Place. Here the firm of Sypher & Co. continued in business for a number of years, and early achieved an enviable reputation of dealing strictly in the most prized treasures of the Old World, largely purchased for the firm at the sales of famous collections in Europe. The up town movement of trade was noted by the firm, which in 188.3 finally removed to the splendid location, No. 860 Broadway, corner of Seventeenth Street. Here they occupy one of the largest and most grandly fitted-up stores in New York, being 50x200 feet in dimensions, and thoroughly well lit throughout. Here Mes.srs. Sypher & Co. carry the mo.st ex- tensive stock of rare and choice antique and modern furniture, china, porcelains, statuary, arms and armor, with old silver a prominent specialty. The attention of the public is directed to this magnificent display, which includes the most elegant drawing-room appointments in suites and odd pieces of rosewood, walnut, mahogany and ebonized. many upholstered in fine silks and tapestries ; ormulu- mounted buhl cabinets, Louis XV. cabinets, escritoires, old carved oak furniture, handsome sideboards : marquetrie centre and cards table mantel ornaments, in alabaster and ormulu, Dresden and other fine china and porcelain vases ; paintings, etc. The stock of antique and modern silver carried here cannot be duplicated elsewhere, much of it being of great value to those who appreciate the achievements in the silversmith's ai-t. As direct importers, the firm is constantly show- ing antique fm-niture. etc.. that is of exceptional rarity, many of the piec*s coming from the homes of the various royal families and members of the aristocracy. The firm are also extensive manu- facturers of modern art furniture, having a fine factory at Avenue A and Twentieth Street. It is a foiu- story structure, ,'jOxlOO in size., where a large force of hands, averaging one hundred, are em- ployed. In no business has there been a greater change, possi- bly, than in the sale of antique furniture. Notwithstanding that Sypher & Co. had scrutinized not only the older portions of this country, but extended their search throughout all Europe for the choicest and most unique specimens of the antique in furniture, and had secured a grand assortment, they were met with little or no en courEigeraent from their patrons. In fact, there was apparently no demand for antique furniture as an article of sale, and those who were beheved to be would-be purchasers were not interested. Through the firm' s great judgment and weU-known Uberality in securing the most valuable at any cost, the beauty of the antique was soon appreciated, and has now grown to a trade of remarkable proportions, and to meet the demand the house have their repre- sentatives in all countries continually on the alert for the finest spec- imens in this branch of household furnitm-e and decorations. The firm is composed of Mr. O. L. Sypher, who has had thirty-two years' experience in the business, and Mr. H. R. Tredwell, a native of Con- necticut, and who is very widely and favorably known in this branch of trade. The firm number among their permanent customers the best classes of the pubUc, and are constantly on the alert to add to their varied and deeply interesting stock. They are prompt, energetic business men, noted for sterling and sound judgment, and are the recognized leading representatives in this branch of trade. LIBERTY SILK WORKS. Van Lieu & De Forest, Manufacturers of Dress and other Silks, Factory No. 615 West Fifty -second Street, J. Nightingale, Manager; Salesroom, No. 1 Greene Street.— Among the most prosperous and progressive manu- facturers of fine dress silks, etc.. in the United States, are Messrs. Van Lieu & De Forest. Their factory is imusually spacious, being 50x125 feet, with an " L" extension, giving vast floor space, and every inch required, as the firm are running 200 of the finest looms known to the trade, and employ on an average upwards of 250 hands. The work of manufacturing is directly supervised by Mr. J. Nightingale, the manager, renowned as a successful silk manufacturer, who en- forces a thorough system of organization, and looks carefully to maintenance of highest standard of excellence in quality. The firm devote themselves to the production of broad silk goods, and their splendid lines of ladies' dress silks have deservedly become popular favorites, being celebrated for the beauty of shades, perfection of, textvu-e, and beautiful finish, quite the equal, and in several ways the superior, of imported sUks of the same grade. The firm's salesroom is located centrally at No. 1 Greene Street, where they always carry fuU lines of their goods, offered at prices which, quality con- sidered, cannot be duplicated elsewhere. They are favorites with the trade, and are carried in stock by the great dry-goods emporiums of this city, and by jobbers and dealers all over the United States. The proprietors, Mr. H. A. Van Lieu and Mr. O. De Forest, are natives of the States, and experts as to silk goods. T H l£ M b' T R O P C) I. I S O F T O - D A Y BUEHLER & BATEJIAX, Contractors for Electric Liglit Wir- ing, etc , Authorized by the Edison Electric Light Company, etc.. No. 2 West Fourteenth Street — A representative and widely known house in the metropolis, actively engaged con- tracting for all kinds of electric wiring, etc., is that of Messrs. Buehler & Bat;- Hudson ranal s Depot. Hinkel s Brewery, of Albany, X. Y. : Sagamore Hotel, Lake George ; A. Son. Montrose. N. Y': State House, Indian- Ind ; New Orleans Cold Storage Warehouse, New Orleans. La.; Fall River Bleaehery. Kin- I'liilip MiUs, Laurel Lake Mills, of Fall River, Mass ; I,oekwood Mills, WaterviUe. Me,; Woroniho Mills, Lisbon Kails, Me.; York iMills, Saco, Me.; En- terprise Mills an^l .I.ilin I' Kin„' Mills, of An;,'usta, Ga. ; Exposition Mills, Atlanta, (ia,; Ma.l i-on Wo. .lien :Mills, Madison, Ind. : Providence Worsted Mills, Ti-.n i.l..n. .-, i;, I ; N.iitbeni Insan." Asylum. Tra\-erse City. Mieh ; N.ati..iial Transit I '... e.'l st.iti.msi. New Y..rk. r.'nnsyl- vania ami iHii.i. St.-ainslnp, ('ity ..f .Vu^'ust;i, Naeo..eli,-.., Citr of Savannah, Chattaho.H-bee, Tallabas,see ami (_)livetti- ; V S. steain- ships Trenton and Chicago ; yachts Stranger, Fra Diavolo, and Electra ; steamships Bristol, Providence, and St. John ; ferry-boat Elizabeth. Mr. Buehler is a native of New Y'^ork City, while Mr, Bate- man was born in Albany, N, Y. Both patrons give close personal attention to the execution of all contracts, and occupy a leading posi- tion as contractors for electric-light wiring. EBEN PEEK, Yellow Pine Flooring, Ceiling, Wainscoting, etc., Twenty-fourth Street and Eleventh Avenue.— The lumber and kindred interests of New York an. I its environs con- stitute, as it need scarcely be state. 1. a .lepaii ni.'ni ol' indus- trial and commercial activity of .surpassiiitr inip..i t.ine.-. Th.. large amount of capital invested, the extent of operations, and the num- ber engaged in the trade, place it among the chief industries of the city. A leading house in this line of enterprise is that of 31r. Eben Peek, located on Eleventh and Thirteenth avenues between Twen- ty-fourth and Twenty-fifth streets. This gentleman was formerly a member of the firm of Peek & Bogert. on same premises, and suc- ceeded that firm when Mr. Bogert retired in 1879. Jlr. Peek, who has been established in the business upwards of twenty years, and has a deservedly high commercial standing, is a prominent and ex- tensive dealer in yellow pine flooring, ceiling, wainscoting, and step plank, and makes a specialty o( comb grain flooring and high grade yellow pine fur trim and mouldings. The Eleventh Avenue premises cover fourteen city lots, and include the office building.s, a lumber yard having a frontage of 200 feet, and a three-story brick planing, sawing, and re-sawing mill, with adjoining sheds (75x100 feet). The Thirteenth Avenue premises consist in a lumber yard covering eight lots. All the lumber handled by this concern is Georgia or Florida long-leaf yellow pine, which is received in the rough (sawn) state direct from the best sources in the South and manufac- tured in Mr. Peek's mill on the premises. The mill itself is the best of its kind in the city, being equipped with the most improved ma- chinery and appurtenances, comprising eight planing and moulding machines, and six saws for ripping, cross-cutting, and re-sawing. A force of sixty men is employed in the yards and mill. These facili- ties together with the large and excellent stock which is constantly carried enable this house to furnish dealers and consumers with qualities of yellow pine which are safe from successful competition. Among the many prominent buildings of this city having yellow pine floors furnished by this establishment are the following: New York Stock K.xehan-.-, Wall Street; Equitable Building, Broadway and Pine Sii . . i ; .^liii ual Life Building, Nassau and Liberty Streets; College of rii.N su ians and Surgeons, Fifty-ninth Street and Tenth Aveime; Y'oung Men s Christian Association Building, (Jne Htmdred and Twenty-fifth Street and Third Avenue; Cotton Exchange, Soiuh William and Beaver streets; Astor Building, No. 10 Wall Street; Potter Building, Park Row and Beekman Street. THE BARTLETT STREET-LAMP MANUFACTURING CO. Manufacturers of Reflecting Street and Park Lamps, Nos. 40 and 42 College Place, G S, Cook, President,— This company was duly incorporated in 1S(!0, under the laws of New York, with ample capital, and since organization has secured a liberal and influential patronage in all sections of the country. The following gentlemen are the officers: G. S, Cook, President; Thomas Davenport, Secretary and Treasurer, The company .s (ilass Works are situated on North Eleventh and Second streets, Bro..klyn, and ihe metal fac- tory at Nos. a48 and :350 West Forty-first Sti. . i. Ne\s Y .i k : foundry Bay Street, Jersey City. These works aie liilly suiipli. .1 with all the latest improved machinery, tools, and appliances necessary for the siieeessful prosecution of the business, while employment is given in the various departments to 150 skilled workmen. The company man- ufacture largely, and are owners of Bartlett's pat«nt reflecting bou- levard, street, and park laiujis. A .specialty is made of the produc- tion of lamp posts, brackets of all sizes and styles, also reflectors for churches, haUs, stores, etc., and the prices quoted by the company for all its goods and specialities are exceedingly moderate. The company has already supplied 20,000 lamps for New York, 5C00 for Chicago, 1000 for Brooklyn, and numbers in all the principal cities of the United States and Canada. Mr, Davenport, the secretary and treasiu-er, has full control of the business. The company's office in College Place is likewise the depot for Thompson's Bromine-arsenic ■Water, which is obtained from springs in Ashe County, N. C. B. WESTERMANN & CO. No. ,'^:?s Broadway, bet pr. imineiit I is one of the oldest houses lished under its jiresent fit Westermann and A. Hue( native of Germany, and h; Foreign Booksellers and Importers, .veen Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets. ent,'a;;ed in dealing in ancient and .Messrs. B. Westermann & Co. This : line in the city, having been estab- 1S47. The founders were Messrs. B. In 1S75 Mr. E. Lemcke, who is a ided in this city for the past eighteen .years, was aeialty of Old World literatun\ they keep on hand all the latest American publications at the lowest prices. The firm deal in scientific works mostly, and their distribut- ing trade, which is both wholesale and retail in its character, extends to all parts of the country. From eight to ten clerks atv employed, and the Arm is a most responsible and substantial one. 104 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. THE BItADLEY & CURRIER CO. (Limited), Jlanufacturei-s of Doors, Windows, Blinds, etc., corner Hudson & Spring Streets. —A representative and progi-essive house in New York, active- ly engaged in the manufacture of doors, windows.liiantels and interior house furnishings of every description is that of the Bradley & Currier Co., whose ofBce and salesrooms are ehgibly located at the corner of Hudson and Spring Streets. The company have extensive factories in and out of the city. This well-known business was es- tablished in 1867 by Bradley & Currier, who conducted it till 1.SR5, \. hen 'it was duly incorporated under the laws of New York, and since its organization the company has built up an extensive and inthiential patronage with builders, contractors, etc., in all sections of the country. The warehouse corner of Hudson and Spring streets is one of the finest buildings of its kind in the city; it is seven stories high, built of bric k and equipped with every possible appliance and facility necessary for the successful prosecution of the business. The company manufactures and deals largely in doors, windows, blinds, mouldings, hand-rails, newels and balusters, wood mantels, marble- ized slate mantels, grates, feiidfrs. frames and summer pieces, open lire pl ic.-s. tile hi-artlis ami fac-iii^'s. . .iuaiiii-ntal glass, plaster centres anil Iji-a.-lc.'t-. rtc. .\ >i if'iall \- is mad.' . .f tin.- cabinet work of every descriptnai. They have latterly aildnl t,, their splendid display in their show-rooms over a hundred entiri'ly new desigiis of wood man- tels, for iiarlor, library, dining rooms, cbanibers. etc.. in mahogany, walnut, oak, cherry, ash, etc., all ujade of the best materials in the most tliiirougli anilran'fid manner; in fact, all the house-furnishings nianufaii uii-d by tliis successful company are unequalled for quality, finisli, rcliabilil.N , and excellence, and are the embodiments of me- oliaiiical \v(irkiiiaiisl]i]) of the highest order of perfection. All orders are promptly tilled at the lowest possible prices, and all inquiries for prices or iufoi iuatiou receive careful attention. The trade of the house extends throughout all sections of the United States and large- ly in foreign coimtries. and is steadily increasing, owing to the supe- riority and reliability of its various productions. In conclusion it may be stated that the affairs of the Bradley & Currier Co. are placed in enterprising and able hands, and it worthily maintains its lead in this important field of industry, reflecting the greatest credit on all concei'ned. The Bradley and Currier Co. Biiildhif). Cor. Hiirlxoii rind ftpring Stx. BANNING, BISSELL & CO., Importer of Dye-stuffs, Aniline Colors, etc.. No. 96 Reade Street. — A representative and wadely known New York house is that of Messrs. Banning, Bissell & Co., importers and wholesale dealers in dye-stuffs, aniline colors, etc. This house was foimded in 187:^, and from its in- ception the business has been characterized by a substantial and rapid growth indicative of a thoroughly active and able manage- ment. The headquarters at the above address occupy a commodious and finely appointed salesroom 25x60 feet in dimensions, with a base- ment beneath of equal size, and conveniently and attractively ar- ranged about the apartment is a full and complete sanijile stock of the commodities handled by the firm, and of which they are among the largest iinjiorters. In addition to the New York estab- lishment, the firm liave hianch tititices at No. 29 North Front Street, Philadelphia, and Xns 1 and 147 Pearl Street, Boston; and the general business extending throughout the country is of eminently prosperous annual aggregate. Messrs. Banning & Bissell are gentle- men long prominent and highly e.steemed in metropolitan trade circles, and generally regarded as amcng New York's ablest and representative merchants. HAIMMMND & IIl'XTKR, Wholesale Commission Dealers in Ciir \].,:y,-rs ;iri,l l-|oi i^ts' Supplies, No. 51 West Thirtieth Sti-. • I snpi'lini^j ciit tlowers to the comiuimity is a busi- ness lit ever cx jiantling dinieiisioiis, and is conducted on quite an extensive scale \>y Messrs. Hammond & Hunter, who as commis- sion merchants are doing a large business and receive fiesh every- day a great variety of all kinds from the leading tlorisls tlirough- out Comiectiiait, Long Island, and New Jersey. The firm can sup- ply all demands, and make a specialty of the popular and fashion- alile flowers and florists' sujiiilies. and number among their customers all the pi oniinent , r.niiiiiea s. and tendencies. It was in ISSOtlia lie cui-ative. s. ii inn;:, liea iin„' elTei-is of the magnetic (not electric) current were first, made ]iei inaneni Iv applicable to the body. The grand piinciple cm e e^tal.li-lied tliar this pcitent, mysterious ciwrent or llliid wiiieh eiieirele^ i lie earth, and plays in lambent clouds aliout llie niaKHelie poles nl i .iir ;,dobe, could by continuous action on the pcies and m-mes ,,l ihe lio.ly cure disease, more and more improved nietliods for its a|iplical inn were devised, and in 18S1 they were duly patented and the " Wilsonia Magnetic Api>liance Co." organized under New York State laws, to control the same and manufacture upon a scale of magnitude befit- ting the grandeur of tliis new departure in the healingart. The com- pany has a capital stuck of SlOti.OOii held l>y iirominent citizens, and is under the e.^ecutive control of tlie fallowing able officers: A. B. Clialniers. Ksc| , President and .\t toriu-y ; F. "SI. Brooks, Vice-presi- ilenl : and H. Tln v are sjiaci.ais and fitted up vrith the latest improved macliiner,\- and appliane. s, affording employ- ment to from eighty to one huii.|r.-.l hamis, aii.l turning out an im- mense quantity annually ..f pal.-nt and soft-laid seine twines, and netting, seines, pounils r\ k. s, ....i Ks. . le. The firm are also the im- porters of the celebrai..! 1 isli I.I an. I ..1 gilling tlireads, also "Star" and Knox's liest twim s. These goods have ever been recognized as the best, giving thai universal satisfaction which insures their use all over the « . 1 1.1. I h.- firm's trade is strictly wholesale ana has at- tained proportions of the greatest magnitude, covering the entire United States, with an export demand covering South America, the ■West Indies. Cape of Good Hope, etc., etc. The firm's warehouse is a fine four-story and basement stnicture, -'.">x!)it in size, and where by far the largest and finest St.. .1; ..f s. iii.. t\\ iu. s in the city is carried. Ever exercising the sound, st biisiu. ss prm. ipl. s, .^l. -si-s, Demarest & Joralemon rank among New Y.n k's most conservative merchants. BOUGHTON & TER'WILLIGER, Wood Carpet, 'Wainscots, Or- namental Floors, Twenty-third Street under Fifth Avenue Hotel — There lias been a c..ntiiiiial change during the last few years in interi..i' li. .iis..h. .1.1 .l ai i.. us. . It is now gen- erally admitted that no r.i..iiis ar.' an ist u-.iUy c.implete without a polished, inlaiil, ornamental floor, partially covered by rugs, and highly ]i .lish. .l. giving back reflections of the objects above and ar..uu.l it Th.- beauty of ornamental floors is universally admitted on hygienic pi inciiiles, and economy is not the least advantage, as once laid they last f..r ,i hi. time and do away largely with the ex- pense of carjii is. A pi..iiiiiient and successful house in New Y'ork, actively engaged in the production of ornamental floors of every de- scription is that of Messrs. Boughton & Terwilliger, whose office and salesrooms are situated on Twenty-third Street under the Fifth Avenue Hotel. The factory of the firm, which is fully suppUed with all tlie lat. st iuipr.>\ . .1 t.iols, machinery, and appliances, is in Philadel- j.hia. II. r.. I.".iiskilli..l and experienced workmen are employed, who inaniif'actuie to order or otherwise wood caiiJets, wainscots, orna- mental floors, % inch, tongued and grooved, and handsome wood borders for rugs, etc. Designs and estimates are promptly fur- nished, and the firm likewise send when required experienced work- men to lay floors in any part of the coimtry. For offices, kitchens, halls and rooms generally, where less expense is desired, the wood carpeting manufactured by this popular firm is very suitable and desirable. All orders are promptly and carefully attended to at very reasonable prices, and the trade of the house now extends throughout all sections of the United States. Messrs. John 'W. Bought.™ & Lorenzo Terwilliger established this business in 18C9. Both jiartners are highly regarded by the comumnity, and customers can always implicitly rely on the . materials and workmanship of this noted establishment. 106 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. ^1 EDEN MUSftE AMERICAN CO. ) l,iirii(r,l i. No .r. West Twenty-third Street.— The Jiiosi jM.inilar place ot amusement in New York is unqupstion- ably the famous Eden Musee so centrally located at Nos.53and 55 West Twenty-third Street. This mag- nificent establishment owes its origin to the enterprise of gentlemen who bad previously demonstrated the successful nature of the under- taking in Europe, and who were thus not embarking upon an experi- ment when a company was duly incorporated under the laws of the State of New York to erect a suitable building and bring into it collec- tions of life-like wax-works, and other curiosities, and provide for a perpetual exhibition. The stock was promptly taken by leading busi- ne.ss men, and work vigorously begun upon the erection of one of the most ornate buildings in the city. It was completed and thrown open to the public in 18S4, and the company has ever since met with remarkable success, reflecting the highest credit upon the executive officers, who are as follows: President. Theodore Hellman. Esq.: sec- retary, T. Vieweg, Esq. : treasurer, A. Pagenstecher, Esq. They promptly put in force a thorough system of organization, and engaged some of the best artists in Europe for the production of hundreds of life-size figures in wax of the famous public men of the age; of kings, queens, and empresses; notabilities of the day, including those of the United States; noted criminals, etc. Fromitsveiy inception the public thronged to the Eden, where they were charmed and instructed by the grand display, to which Mr. Vieweg, the enterprising and popular man- THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 107 ager, has ever since been csnliimully adiliiij,- It is not alone the wax- works, but the other features nf inli'i rst, wliieh di uw such large au- dience^ there ai'e daily couccils I'l-inn ;i to "> and from H to 11 P.M., at the present tinir tlic fanioiis lOrdcIyi Naczi and his orchestra performiuK in the mosl masterly manner, eheitin^,' tlie warmest eueomlutns from tlic press and the ]iul)lic. The New Yorl< Society for the Promotion of An li;i\e ncenily added a large and weil-linhted Kallery for the exhil)iiioii 'il iih ideru paintings. Artists are invited to submit one or mnir ol iln ir clinicest pictures for exhi- bition and sale under- the t'oll,,wlnK .(.ndil ic ,iis: -The iiielnres U< h,- called for and iiisnivd, ulien exhihiled.al valuation ;;-iveH ci„„,Ts tlie soeiely li\ e days' nuliee, l';\ci \ elVort w ill bi- made to elTect sales, and Ihe ec in 1 1 n issi^ii tee will be live ]iei' e. iii Any damage to pic- tures or fi anies » liile in I lie society s pc isse^siou will be made good. Art dealers arc invited to scud representative examples of modern painters for exhibition and sale. Over forty thousand people visited the gallery in the month of October, and the advantage of exhibition is apparent when this statement is made. The society have ap- pointed a Conunittcc of Selection and have placed the management of the exhibition under their control. A permanent exhibition is prom- ised, and the f,'allery will be oi)en every Sunday to visitors. The in- aui^ural e.xliibiliou midcr the newly aiipointed ( oinriiittee was held tlie lirst week of Decenibia-. Contribntnrs are furnished with a sea- son ticket, and special cards will be given to local art schools, upon appUcation. to the committee by letter. T. A. Wihuurt, of .54 East Thirteenth Street, is engaged to collect and return paintings in this city." This particular department is in charge of Henry T. Chapman, Thos. B. Clarke, and R. H. Hakt<;d. The recent Fine Arts Exhibition was also noteworthy: some of the grandest chef dVp«i'i-c.s- of cele- brated painters « ere here displayed, while the company is the posses- sor of a very large and beautiful collection of paintings besides. Among other attractions are Ajeeb, the mystifying chess automaton, which generally succeeds in defeating the most skilful chess- players. The interior of the Eden is extremely beautiful and attrac- tive. It is very spacious, being three stories in height and 30x150 feet in dimensions, so that the largest audiences can be adequately ac- connuodated. The prices of admission are so low as to place the beauties of the Eden within the reach of everybody. The prices are fifty cents on week-days, and twenty -five cents on Sundays. Attend- ance averages about 2000 people a day. Every family should be taken to see the exhibition here. No stranger in the city should fail to pay it a visit. It is one of the most attractive sights in New York. Much credit is due Mr. Hellman, the president, under whose able guidance the company has proved so prosperous. Mr. Vieweg, the secretary, is an accomplished business man, universally popular and respected, and who faithfully discharges the onerous duties devolv- ing upon him. The great success of the Eden Mtisee is largely at- tributable to his able and indefatigable efforts. The treasurer, Mr. Pagenstecher, is likewise a reliable and talented official. The com- pany is to be very warmly congratulated upon the beneficial out- come of its novel and unique enterprise. GW. DILLINfiHAJI, Publislier, No. 3.3 West Twenty-third Street. -The imprint of (i. W Carleton A ( Vi. has been as , familiar to thousands of readers throut^hi mt this country as that of any publishing' bouse extant. For nearly thirty years it lived and thrived under the original tirm name of its found- ers. In 1888 Mr. G. W. Dillingham succeeded to the business, and is steadily maintaining the prestige of this old and honli>asanl historic assoei.ati(.ns. ami under its luaiia^renient some of the leading publishers in the country be-,in lit,' and lei'eived their first lessons in the business. Here men e. in^pieu. lus in literature, and of wide fame in the world of Amerieati li liei ^, lia\e been wont to gather for the interchange of good felloH slup and art Fncler the enterprise and intelligence of its mauageuieiii . the bouse has long been kno\Mi as ,,iie the best hook -publishinu eoneems inthecoim- try, anil trmn its history and literary attraeliveiiess, a place of special interest ti. si taii'.'ers as well as to the literary residents of the city. As a imblislier of standard novels, Mr. Dillingham's bulletin of new books is eagerly looked for and carefully scanned, as furnishing at all times excellent reading for both old and young. Dealers are supplied with the latest novels of the present day and standard works of the most salable character at the lowest prices. The pub- lications of this house are always in great demand, and its name is in itself a guarantee of good faith, a high standard of literature, and fair and honorable dealing. The best possible facilities are pos.sessed for the prompt and perfect fulfilment of all orders. Mr. Dillingham, the enterprising publisher and proprietor, is a native of Bangor, Me., and a resident of this city for many years. He is well known and highly respected in literary and business circles, for his execu- tive ability and personal worth, and many of the most pf)pular works of the present day bear the publishing imprint of his bouse. A great many people have wondered what this curious little trade- mark means. If you look on the title-pages of many of the best bo.,k, published you will see it. Every book, every circtdar, every adM i iiseiiieiit published for the past twenty five years by G. W. Carleton cV. (i. W. Dillingham, bears it as an imprint. It has a mean- ing and a history. The following is a partial list of authors whose books are issued by Mr. Dillinghain: Augusta J. Evans Wilson, JIary J. Holmes, .■\hiy .\gnes Fleming, IMarjon Harland. Charles Dickens, JuUe P. Smith. Allan I'inkerton. IVrtlia Cl.iy. 77e \. Vnrk Weekli/ Series, Miriam ( 'nles Harris. ( eli.i i:. (I.inin.r. Viet,.r Hugo, A. S. Roe. Mayiie lleid .\niiie I'.dw.ird -s. .^1 . M. iliri.'ki IN niier. .y. Artemus Ward, .bish I '.illiuu's. ( irjiheiis ( '. Kerr, i; .1. I'.urdeite {Hawkeyc Man . Km. -SI Kenan. Mi.-hel.-t. Klla Wh-el-r \Vile.,x. K. T. Barnum, Violet I'ane. Frank Lee B.-nediet, .loaipiin Miller, .bilin Fsten Cooke, Mansfield T. Walworth, R. B. Kimball, Robert Dale Owen, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Mrs. J. H. Walworth, Henry Guy Carleton. SVROMAN & CO., Commission Merchants, and Wholesale Dealers in Hay, Straw, and Grain, N. Y. C. & Hudson Riv. R. , R. Hay Depot, and West Shore R. R. Hay Depot ; Office Thirty-third Street and Eleventh Avenue. .\ prominent and popular headquarters in this city for hay ami straw is the estab- lishment of Messrs. S. Vroman & Co. at Tliii t.\- third Street and Eleventh Avenue, near the N. Y. Central & Hudsou River R. R. and the West Shore R. R. hay depots. This firm have been estabUshed in the business here upwards of twenty-five years, and have de- veloped a connection and a trade that place them in the front rank of enterprise and success. Commanding the best possible oppor- tunities for procuring supplies of the best quality direct from the hands of the producer, the firm are enabled to offer indueemeuts to piu-chasers in the way of first-class goods and low prices, that challenge comparison and defy successful competition. The house has long been known as one of the most reliable in New York en- gaged in this line of trade, and none possesses a better representa- tion for the promptness with which all orders are filled, or the re- liability that may be placed in all its representations. Consign- ments are daily arriving from the most reputable sources of supply, and find a ready sale among the munerous customers of this re- sponsible house. The firm make liberal advances to shippers, and are in a pcsition to guarantee quick sales and prompt returns. The members of the fu-m are Messrs. S. Vroman. K. \"niiiian. and A. Mc- Intyre, all natives of New York State, and hii^hly esteemed in busi- ness circles for mercantile abihty and sterling integrity, to which characteristics is largely due the great success which they enjoy. THE PERSIAN RUG AND CARPET WORKS, No. 61.5-fi2.5 West Fifty-second Street. - .\ mo^t iiiriorbint and beneficial branch of manufacturin.g eiiterpi i-e was .-lal.lished m this city in January, ISSr. viz: ' The K. rsiaii Ku;r :iiid Carpet Works." The industry had its inceptiou in Milwaukee. Wis,, in iss:j. having a factory on Lake Street, in that city, known as the ■ Kersian Carpet Works." The iiro)irietors. Mr. llobert Stimtz and Mr. A. Bollentui, are the leadiii- experts in the ab. .no lieantiful hnes of carpetings, and brin^ to hear \ ;ist jiraeti.-al experience, coupled with influential connections and pei te. t d l;e ilities. They have now in operation large works at Xos ni.", to r,j.-, West Fifty-second Street. .50x120 feet in deiith, with .111 "I," e\ien-i-n of 25 feet breadth, and where they have in opi l aiion the most iiiiia-oved make of looms, employing up- wai-ds lit titty hands and turning out the most beautiful Persian and Oriental nigs and carpets, that prove the most salable goods known to the tni le. The proprietors have developed a trade extending all over the L^ited States, selling direct to leading jobbers and whole- salers, and making a specialty of carpets manufactured in styles and of sizes direct to order. Me.ssrs. Stuntz ' he concisely ex- jiiessed as •'follow copy. It does not come within liis ]irc)ve u|ioii the pattern set l)i-l(.i'e him. but to I'e. Mln.' •th. I>n.\e Ins wiii'k. .\t the present tune it is the gen- statue, when of herciic size, ii ]..inl so toi'med. owing to the grt ,'th the e the thickii g part 'e has been latterly made they succeeded in casting: statue of the New Eii-laii 1(1 rig ^< Uhs nt sculptor, i;u|H romtl the H. iiiianl Co . ; ii'i t ■irv H: 11. .Vtthet le ot liiiii, a 1,'id the honor of efoieliisileath. iispicuous posi- s death all the ■atiires. I lie a wi sharp nor toi biddiiii,' eyebrows and saln-ni of kindness of he.'u t on one side, as Al^'^ attitude perhaps iiat reading of the prese t. Boll, those rancaliires and Frank ons atraiiist sin'li a statement. llis of hard: his f.-atiir.'S strong, but not e blue eyes, linch- set in overhanging mutable will. His head sliglitly bent (iieat s. according to Plutarch— an captains who strain their eves in the gect their thoughts m a near future fraught \vith stupendous i-esults— his head did not invite scrutiny, but did not repel sympathy. In fact, there was in his countenance that admixture of the milder expressions of cliaracter, irreconcilable with the idea generally entertained of a cast-iron face, wiiich, tliougli but too faitlif ul a reproduction to the stupid e.xclusiou of his stronger characteristics, came at last to represent a quiet, benevolent gentle- man, ■without impairing so much his likeness as to make him unrecognizable. Rupert Schmid's bust has caught that duality in the physiognomy of tiie great soldier, and it is the highest praise for the artist to have immortalized it in bronze, as it was the greatest merit of I rank Leslie's print to hint at it. Besides being an historical portrait, the bust of Gen. Grant is a superior work of art. The eagle on which it reposes, the sword, cannon, tlag. and military mantle, are impressive witliout being tlieatrical; truly emblamatic attributes, no idle ornaments. The sculptor, by tlie way. was well inspired, who did not place, in the fashion of the Ctesars, a wreath on the brow of our beloved commander, but near to his heart a little twig of laurel, expressive of a nation's gratitude, and quite sufficient to his repub- lican simplicity and personal modesty. The following are some of the important heroic pieces cast by the company: On Sept. 19, 1883, a statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee, 16 ft. high and weighing 4000 pounds, was cast for New Orleans, where it now stands in Lee Circle. It represents the Confederate general in a reviewing position, witli his arms folded and his sword hooked to his belt. The heroic bronze equestrian statue of Gen. Simon Bolivar, presented by the Venezu- elan government to this city and erected in Central Park, is the design and modelling of the young Venezuelan sculptor, B. de La Cova. at present a resident of New York. The statue is artistic in intention and vigorous in action. On April 26, 1884, two immense lions, modelled by Louis Amateis, were cast, one for Tiffany and one for Pottier & Stymus. They are remarkatile for artistic beauty, and are said to be the only ones of bronze which have yet been cast in a single piece. These metal kings of the forest are of the African type, and are posed as if on the alert for jirey. Their length is 4 feet, and height 2i feet. In November, 1883, J. Q. A. Ward's bronze statue of Wa.shington was cast, the one now placed on tlie steps Its weight is 3.500 pounds, and its 1, now in Harvard College, was e ever cast in one jiiece in this or any other ivas about feet in heiglit It represents the ,_ollege as a young man in Puritan costume, air. with an open book which rests upon his Inch is a conception of the sculptor, as no s known to exist, is very fine, esppcially in the s careworn lines and sadly pensive expression the disease which carried him off in his prime. • bronze statue of Admiral Dii Pont, liy Launt .'d in Washington, The adniii al is re|)resented ii Tei-deck mariiie-glass in hand, whicli he has 1 inspection ot a distant object, leaving his an expression ot alert interest. He is repre- of the period and liis rank in the naval service, -lage IS extremely graceful and natural. The Doiige- liy J. Q. A. Ward, was and ■Wall Street, .lolm Harva shows the 1 December Tliompscni, just lowered after a countenance lit with sented 111 tlie nnifoi'iii The attitude and cai bronze statue of the late William unveiled in this city, at the lunction of Broadway , Sixth A Thirty-fifth Street. The statue is 9 teet 6 inches liigh, and weighs 2200 |ionnils. The figure stands upriglit, with the right arm resting upon two volumes lying upon the top of a column rising from the pedestal. In the pedestal is sculptured a lion s head, forming a drinking fountain. In addition to the above the Bonnard Co cast the statue of Professor Silliman for Yale College, by Prof. John F. THH MHTROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. Weir, artist. Statue of St. Joseph and bust of Cardinal McCloske.v, by Robert Ousliing, New York. Statue of General Bolivar for tlie government of Venezuela; R. de la Cova, artist. New York, Bust and incJnument of General McAlpine, by Me.ssis Moilit .v; Doyle, New York. Medallions of President Garfield, Mi si i ..mkIimis, artist; executed for Mrs. Garfield. Anionpr ili.n ;n . hn. . i unil pieces are: A bronze ceiling (27x:50 feet), b and doors, by Messrs. Herter Bros.; execu bilt's Fifth Avenue residence. Bannister ? U. $.• State, War, and Naval deparl im ii Bronze ceiling, chandelier, and all \)vtll . sriili Bronze woi k icrtlie resi,l,-iie,' of Mr, W, i,iiliii^-,, ehaiiileliers r Mv W H. Vander- ,laM r.nliiigs for the Wa-hiii-ioii. D. C. l-oi' the r.-M,lenre of iMs foi- the ivsl.lence tery, Cleveland, O. >• Cemetery. Bronze of Boston. Mass.; Bronze gate for F. nil for . hi^'h. .,u-,l M. Hunt, an hii H. Cook, Ks, doors for .1 1 Four doiilil. railings for 1 .lohn Me All C,; and all the bronze wo Stateu Island, N,V The eon for the Kiiuital.le Life In-i long and fe.-i lii,;-h- iiihI< bronze, 'l lie modeller . .f t tectural sculplure was Friei reputation by work on the 1 in charge of the ilepartn- Hecker Art School of this e ■widely known for then- skill pany's officers, viz ; Hem Arthiu- Merritt. S.-eretai,\ : tendeut. The olliee an. I >v. Street, where all orders ar. Messrs II, _-,,ns lor 111.' iesi,l,.,i.'e of •r Kr.is , .i.-^i-iieis llronze ; Ileri- r i;r..s , Ne« York, , win.l. .w-;,'iiar.ls atiil stair- ly of I'liila.lelpliia, Penn.; now cistiii;; an e*Kr. and the business has since been conducted b\ Mr .1 1: I lan i^MTi. under the old firm name. He gives his atten- tion to ever\ braiieb of the real-estate business, making sales, rent- ing and leasing projierty, collecting rents, managing estates, examin- ing titles, and loaning money on bond and mortgage. He has houses and lots of all descriptions for sale in every section of the city, and carries a valuable list of farm property, all of which is offered to customers on the most reasonable terms. Capitalists and investors can obtain from him bargains that cannot possibly be duplicate'. ( )ld soldiers are spellbound as they gaze upon the mightiest str uggle of modern times. The most superb and real- istic battle-scene ever shown. VAN TASSELL & KE.i^RNEY, General Auctioneers and Com- mi.ssion Merchants. Hoi-se and Oarriasre Auction Mart. Nos. no and na East Thirteenth Street.-The auctioneer's calling is one of the greatest importance in a large city like New York, where property of all kinds is continually changing hands. The leaders in this line of business here are Messrs. Van Tassell & Kearney, wliose extensive and popular establishment is located at Nos. 110 and 112 East Thirteenth Street, near Fourth Avenue. This is the largest mart in [f-^^Sv the city for the sale of horses, carriages, real t^V' estate, and household effects of all kinds at auction, and does all this class of business for the city departments. The business was first established in 1862, by Messrs. Johnson & Van Tassell, who were succeeded by the pres- ent firm in 1874. The building now occupied by the business is a three-story structure, 50x100 feet in dimensions, and the fli ni are now engaged in the er ection of a new building in the same block, which is to contain five stories and a basement, (j.")xCOT feet, niiiuing through from Thirteenth to Twelfth Street, provided with elevators and every modern convenience for facilitating the extensive business of the firm, and which they will open during the coming spring. They now have regular sales every Tuesdaj- and Friday at 10 o'clock, and average to handle 10,000 horses and from 13,000 to 15,000 wagons and carriages ever}- year, besides a large numljer of horses, carriages, harnesses, etc , at jirivate sale. Employment is furnished to from forty to fifty hands, and all transactions are conducted with the utmost promptness and under the most favorable auspices. The patronage is large and influerrtial at all times and its charges are eminently fair and satisfactory to all coriceriieil The house may be justly considered as thoroughly trust- wor tbv and patrons can rest assured that their commissions will be effectively and faithfully carried out. The members of the firm, Messrs. William Van Tassell and E. W. Kearney, are both natives of New York, trained and experienced in this line of business, possess- ing all the methods, enterprise, and qualifications of first-class auc- tioneers and successful salesmen and business men of ripe experience and thorough reliability. CHARLES A. DEAN, Confectioner, No. 854 Broadway.— A house whose reputation is established for making none but the purest and best goods in the confectionery line is that of Mr. Charles A. Dean, which is one of the oldest and most reputable, and also one of the best known, in the city. The establishment is nearly half a century old, having been founded in 18.39 by Mr. Henry Dean, uncle of the present proprietor, Mr. Charles A. Dean, who succeeded to the control of the business in 18.57. He was brought up in the trade, and is thoroughly familiar with its minutest details. The premises occupied for the business consist of salesroom and base- ment, each 25x80 feet in dimensions. The basement is utilized for manufacturing purposes, and the salesroom is very tastefully fitted up and is provided with a full assortment of fine cakes, candies, and confectionery goods of all kinds, at all times fresh and choice, specialties being made for suj.pUes of confections for receptions and private families. lu the past year Mr. Dean has supplied cable orders for cake in all jiarts of the world, China. India, and the Pacific coast, for wedding parties. Jlr. Dean is a general caterer for weddings and parties. The aim of the house has always been not only to obtain custom, but to retain it. From twelve to fifteen hands are employed, and the productions of this house are esteemed by buyers generally. ASCHULTHEI3, Furrier, No. 870 Broadway.— A leading fur- rier in the city is Mr. A. Schultheis, who has been estab- J lished since 1878. and has won a representative position in the trade. Mr. Schultheis, though a native of Germany, has lived in New York since childhood. He is thoroughly exper- ienced in the handling and manufacture of furs, and the goods which leave his establishment have no superior in the city for fine- ness of quality and reliability. He car-ries an extensive stock at all seasons to meet the demands of his patrons, and his trade extends to all parts of the United States, being particularly heavy in New York and its vicinity. The premises occupied are spacious and well adapted for the business, and are fitted up in the most approved style for all the pui-poses required, while employment is afforded a force of from ten to twenty hands. Mr. Schultheis is honorable and straightforward in all his representations. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. Ill JX. COLLIN'S >t V(1.. Cloaks, Siiiis. rt,-.. No. 32 West Four- ti-cntli siiTri - I'lii- iiiaiMii a.i nr.- oi sealskin sacques. dol- ^ Miaiis, anil otli. i liii i^.l,,'^ ha- iiia. ]c i)rogress among the indiislries of ,N\>\v York. A iTincsi-ntative and old-estab- lished firm actively eugiiged in this important enterprise in this metropolis is that of Messrs J.N. Colhus&Co., whose office and sales- rooms are centrally located at No. -i-'West FdiM tcc ulh Street. This business was established in 18m; In Mi-., I. N. r.illin-, who conducted it till 1886, when he admitted his s(. II. ^[i- I 'lvdmrk i .liliiis, into part- nership, under the firm name of " .). N. C<>lliiis\ lo. ■ The premises OLVupird comprise a spacious five-story and busenieut building, ) led 111 dimeusions. admirably equipped with ever3' appliance aucl fac ility for the accommodation and display of the choice and val- uable stock and the comfort of cu-stomers In Iffifl Mr. J. N. Collins commenced the manufacture of fur garments, and in 1878 added cloaks and suits, and a little later a full line of dry-goods. With these departments the linn's force of salesmen are eniployeil dnrinu' s|iriiiLr and summer, tlierehy diviilin'.; exjienses .iiid enalilin,:^ the j ■ ij n li toi s in the fall and winter to (|iioie prices ror luis ami l iif :,'ai iiieiii>. robes, rugs, etc., from ten to liffi-n jlt edit lower tlum iJ' they dealt in furs exeliisiv.'ly. At tli.- -am- iiiii-', llr. .1. N. Collins' jiraelieal experieiiee of iipwanN of thiil\ \-ears iiiaki-s it an I iii]). .ssiliihl y loi thepartii-Ts to he .le,- 'ived m 111.- M'lalilv of their Alaska sealskins, which rei|iiire more ear.- iii s.-l.-etioii ami maiiuraetin.- ilian any other article of .Ir.-ss, Th.- iie,-.-s-it\ ..f lia\ in,' s,m1 -ai-m.-nts made to order has r.-iln.-.-.l t.. a mininunn. as the tiriii make ample pro- visions for i-\tri im- ,is wi ll as iinifonn (i^'ures, ami ean iiearl.\- always fit perfeell\ til.- mo, t erit ie;il customers from their spleiuliil stock. Messrs. ,T. N. Collins t'o, likewise make fur garments of all kinds to measure, and employ a force of highly skilled workmen for this particular branch. The lirm's departments are as follows: seal gar- ments and fancy furs, robes, rugs, etc.; cloaks, suits, and wraps; silks and dress goods; luillineiy and trimmed hats ; laces, ribbons, and notions; gloves and hamlkercliiefs; corsets, bustles, and skirts; embroidered table covers, scarfs, lanihrequins. etc.; dress and cloak trimmings; umbrellas and parasols; rulilier gossamers and shoes; hosiery and underwear; lace, chenille, ami tui eoman curtains; wiu- ■dow-shades, poles, etc. Only the best goods that are manufactiu-ed in the United States or Europe are handled, and these are sold at the smallest margin of profit. The suit and cloak department of this reliable house is a great attraction to ladies, and is famous far and wide. All the suits shown here are made up after the latest Paris fashions, many being especially imported for the New York trade, and in elegance, style, and excellence of workmanship are really peerless. The latest novelties in ladies' walking-jackets, jerseys, etc., are found here in vast variety, all quoted at the firm's usual low prk-es. Messrs. J. N. Collins A- Co. also keej) constantly on hand full supplies of Dr. Warner's Health underwear, made in two qualities from selected camels' hair and natural wool. One hundred and fifty salesmen, assistants, salesladies, etc.. are employed in the various departments, and the trade of the house extends throughout all sections of New- York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, etc., while the mail order department attords a ready means for the pcojile throughout the cotmtry at large to satisfy their wants, Mr. .T. N. Collins was born in Vermont, but has resided in New York for the last thirty-two years, while :Mr. Frederick Collins is a native of N<'W Ilaveu. Conn. Both jiartners are highly esteemed Ijy the commimitv. for their enterpi-ise. business ca- pacity and integrity. In conclusion, we would oIisitm' that this popular firm use in the mamifaeture of their saci|m-s. dolmans, . t.- only the finest Alaska sealsifius, London dyed: coiis.-ipieiitly custo- mers can be absolutely certain of obtaining at this establishment truly fii-stclass garments that will last for years, at prices much lower than those quoted by other noted establishments. PJ. ilORAN, House and Decorative Painter, etc., No. 4;-)(j Fourth Avenue.— The establishment of 5Ir. P. J. Aloran, , house and decorative painter and paper-hanger, has been prominentlyidentified with this inilii-lrv for the just tiM-nty- two years, or since its inception in IRC..". Ah 31 .lan ha- l.. . n e,.n- nected with his present vocation since his \ ..iiili. ami comliincs long and ripe experience with studious and intelligent apjilication. The premises occupied comprise a store and basement, each 20x70 feet in dimensions, excellently fitted up for all required purposes, and in the salesroom a superior stock of select wall-papers is kept. Employ- ment is given a corps of expert workmen, estimates are furnished, and contracts entered into for painting aud decoratingof every de- scription, the work being done in exact accordance with the terms of agreement and to the entire satisfaction of patrons. The house is one which can in every way be recoinniended as being prompt, tho- rough, and reliable, while the prices which the proprietor quotes are in moderation. EK. CONANT, Agent for The Adams & Westlake Oil and Gas Stoves, No. 5 East Fourteenth Street.— In the invention and ^ construction of useful and ingenious mechanical devices Yankee genius is proverbial the world over; and perhaps in no feature of progress are native skill and ingenuity displayed to moi e purpose than in the production of artificial cooking and heat- ing appliances. What with invention, improvement, and discovery, a degree of excellence closely akin to perfection has been attained of recent years by some of our manufacturers of stoves and kindred articles. This is specially true with regard to the products of the wide- ly-known Adams ,t Westlake Mannf.ictnring Co., of Chicago, -n-hose . il, _',isi .line, ami u' l- -1. . , ha\ . 1 an enduring hold on popular fa\ . -r, le.i oiii\- till-, .ii-le ml I n.- . 1 I II-.- \inerica Continent, but also in the rid. o\\ 111-4 to I li.-ir „-. ii.-i-al .-\.-. ll.-ii.-.- ,-ni.l ■ . li.i i .hii \ : I,, n,^ in all respects e..Mi|.l.-|.-. .•Il'-eln... and all....-..- Ie-|- -upei r-i ai licles Of the kind yet )ilac.-d upon 1 In- maiKet. .\n.l in tins connect ion attention is here directed to the spacious and handsome establishment of E. K. Conant, agent for the Adams & Westlake Oil and Gas Stoves, No. 5 these I'aiiion: rely upon e atteiiti..n, »liil.- 111. :il ami ^;i-alif\-iii;; . li ishin- store, which can always be found a com- of cM iything produced by pnrehaseis may at all times - 11 i-f,ietory treatment and at I .11 i-e of theconcern is of ai I. 1 I his admirablj- con- the only regular Adams & Westlal;.- aL'eiie\ ill New York, was established in 1878, and the liosiiiv and ii.-rmaii. iif success that has attended it from the first amiily attests the .-iier-y anil ability displayed in the management of the business. Tin- -al. -i . .■ -i 1 1- ^ ln.-li are 2.'jx75 feet in dimensions, are finely fitted n|i an.l \. r\ n. n!, r i.-red. and a va.st and varied stock is constant Iv . arned. inelii.lin„' t le- entire series of the tavoi-ite ' >Ioiiai cli ■ ~to\ I S. oil. ;,-as, gasoline, and vapor stoves of every size. si\ l.- an.l \ ai i. i\ : aUo the Patent Broilei-, the A. & W. Waffle Iron, the •■ Han ly' Cooker, the .\. & W. Steam Cooker, and a multifarious line of kitchen and cooking and heating specialties, while several competent assistants are in attendance, and the trade of the estab- lishment, which extends all over the city and suburbs, is exceedingly large. Jlr. Conant, who is a native of Massachusetts, is a young man of push and excellent business qualities, and has been with the Adams & Westlake Co. something over two j-ears. 112 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. SCHUBERT PIANO CO., Nos. 542 and 544 West Fortieth Street. —A widely known and reliable house in the metropolis, en- gaged solely in the manufacture of upriprht pianos, is that of the pi-ngressive Schubert Piano Co. This company was estab- lished eiglit years ago, and incorporated .July 8. 1885, under the laws equipped with all the latest improved tools,raachinery, and appliances known to the trade. These pianos contain all the latest improvements of any merit or value, including the company's own patent full iron frame. In their beautiful new-style cases, these splendid upright pianos are adapted to the wants of every class of purchaser, and will always afford permanent satisfaction to the possessor by reason of their superior musical qualities. The company warrants its pianos for five years, and should the instrument prove defective in material or work- manship within that time, it agrees either to repair it, or to replace it with another of the same quality. Mr. Peter Duffy, the president and treasurer, is a native of New York, and is highly regarded by the community for his skill, energy, and integrity. The instruments of the Schubert Piano Co. will be found in all cases to be strictly first-class, and no one who suits his own interests should fail to call at the company's warerooms before buying apiano elsewhere. Miraf 1^ w W ali ^SEL [£Z i f 1 ^ i ^ VR m ITfi PTT,: rfT: w EE 1^' of the State ol New \ i>rK. with ample capital, and since its organiza- tion at that jXTiod has secured a liberal and influential patroiiagr in all sections of the country. While the officers of the Schubert Piaiii) Co. do not indulge in high-sounding announcements that their upright pianos are superior to all others, yet they do unhesitatingly challenge the trade to produce for the price a superior instrument. The premises occupied for manufacturing purposes are spacious and are fully ROF. J. W. LIVINGSTON. Importer of Fashions, and Inventor and Teacher of French Dress- cutting, No. 916 Broadway.— At the present day dressmaking has become an art, and dress- makers realize the fact that they must become artists if they desire to keep up ^vith the progress and ad- vancement of the age. Though it is universally con- ceded that American ladies are the best dressed in the world, yet they are nevertheless obUged to depend on French ingenuity and artists for their styles. In connection with these remarks, special attention is directed in this commercial review of New York to Prof. J. W. Livingston, importer of fashions and in- ventor and teacher of French dress-cutting. No. 916 Broadway. Professor Livingston has linked science to art, and hand in hand his famous French square measure system of dress-cutting goes with the success of every modern practical dressmaker. His is the only French square-measure system ever patented in the United States, and is absolutely and scientifically accurate. Prof. Livingston has made his system a subject of unremitting study and attention for the last twenty-eight years in eight different countries, and as a result of bis scientific investigations he offers to the public the famous French combination of squares It is the only system known in the world with eight different forms of shoulder, eight different sizes of neck, twelve different shapes of dart, forty -two different curves for the hip. Any lady of ability can become a professional cutter, and be capable of taking a first- class position, or start for herself by learning Prof. Livingston's system of French dress-cutting. Numbers of the j>rominent dry-goods houses of the metropolis and dressmaking estabUshments have adopted this famous system for its simplicity, accuracy, and saving of time and materials. Prof. Livingston's terms for in- struction in this system are $20. This includes the sys- tem and book of instructions. He teaches his pupils more in one week than can be learned in any dressmak- ing establishment in five years, and has now ladies taking instruction in his establishment from all parts of the world. He occupies spacious and commodious premises, where be exhibits a superior stock of patterns and in- structs practically in his famous system of dress-cutting. A large stock of dressmaker's findings is constantly kept by him on hand, including tracing-wheels, tape- measures, gas-irons, squares and gauges, pleaters, buttonhole-workers, shears, adjustable wire forms, and all kinds of trimmings. Prof. Livingston was bom in Harrisburg, Pa., and is now fifty- two years of age. He was brought up at Mt. 'Vernon, Ohio, and when fourteen years old was emiiloved in the Baldwin 'Works. Philadelphia, as a machinist. When he was seventeen he ran a train from Harrisburg to Phila- delphia, and when nineteen he was engaged as assistant master mechanic on the Cleveland & Erie Railroad, at Cleveland. During the Civil War he was a member of the engineer corps, etc., and eventu- ally was appointed revenue detective for the U. S. Government. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY ANSON D. F. RANDOLPH & CO., PubUshers and Retail Book- seUers, 38 West Twenty-third Street.— Tlie American book- selling trade and book-readers in and around the metropolis have for more than a third cif a century looked up to the es- tablishment of Messrs. Anson !). I', liandnlph & Co. as one of the leading and most important puljlisliin;,' liDii.ses in the department of religious literature in the city aud coimtry. The business was founded away back in 1851, by the present principal of the house, Mr. Anson D. F. Randolph, and has been carried on vigorously and con- tinuously to date. This gentleman was born in New Jersey sixty- seven years ago, and has resided in this city since he was three years of age. He has had fifty-seven years' experience In the publishing and bookselling business, and his establishment in its retail depart- ment, is to-day not only one of the oldest, but one of the best known and best managed in its line in the metropolis. The facilities and connections of this concern are ample. The business in its retail department is not confined to the publications of the house, but em- braces the publications of the leading houses in this c^imtry and England. Tlie premises occupied consist of a salesroom and base- ment, each measuring iSxIOO feet, and admirably fitted up and ar- ranged. The business is both wholesale and retail. No gentleman in the book trade has had greater practical experience than Mr. Randolph. The firm are general pubUshers, and the rank of the house is second to that of no other in the trade. Mr. Randolph's experience in the book trade of New York from his youth upward covei-s more than half a century. His firm, A. D. F. Randolph & Co., has recently moved from Broadway to West Twenty-third Street, a locality which is fast becoming the centre of the retail book trade of the city. Mr. Randolph began business in 1851, he said, "at No. 669 Broadway, opposite Bond Street. Broadway practically ended at its junction with Fifth Avenue. There were only three other book-stores between Houston and Bleecker streets, and above there were no business establishments except drug- stores and grocery- stores. The neighborhood was a part of the court end of the town. I had occupied my store only about a year, when we were driven out of it by the tearing do^Ti of the building for the erection of a large hotel, known as the Latarge House. Adjoining it was Tripler Hall, the largest music hall then known in the country. A few years later it was destroyed by fire ; and the Grand Central Hotel now stands upon what was the site of the Lafarge House and the music hall." In 1852 Mr. Randolph moved to the corner of Amity Street. The second book he published was " Essays Written in the Intervals of Business." It was by an anony- mous writer, who some years after was known to be Arthur Helps. He was twelve years on the corner of Amity Street. During the war he pubUshed a good many pamphlets ad- vocating its active prosecu- tion. The movement of popu- lation and of retail business was rapidly up town. So in 1864 Mr. Randolph moved to the comer of Broadway and Ninth Street. His publications have not been confined to those of any one religioUs denomi- nation. In an interview, he said: " Collections of hymns and of reUgious poeti-y have been quite a feature of our house, as well as in later years of some other publishei's. In 1851 a personal friend. Rev. Dr. James W. Alexander, brought from England a little 32mo book contaming sixty hymns ' not u.sually found in other collections,' as the title- page reads, and compiled by Rev. J. C. Ryle, now Bishop of Liver- pool. To the best of my recollection no similar book for private reading had then been published. I immediately brought it out. I think it was the thu-d book I had issued, and it met with unex- pected success. The house has published one work of the kind that has had a very wide circulation. I mean the one called 'The Changed Cross and Other Religious Poems.' Nearly 100,000 copies of the book, in its various forms and editions, have been sold, and its history, I think, is interesting. Within the past twenty-five years, the general interest in the hymnology of the church and in its musical arrangement has had its chief development. The sale of the different hyum and tune books have also brought a large profit to the publishers and compilers, and the sale of them has been enor- mous. Some of the reeeut jjuljlicati. .ns are: An important work of Dr. Mombert's edition of W illiam l yiidale's translation of the Penta- teuch, of which there arc onlylwoiT three complete copies known to be in existence. One of tliese is in the Lenox Library; and from this Dr. Mombert transcribed, with great labor, the matmscript of the present edition. Dr. R. S. Storrs' brilliant and exhaustive work, "The Divine Origin of Christianity, Indicated by Its Historical Effects," which we pubUshed, has been greatly appreciated both in this country and England, where four editions have already been sold. Among our notable publications is Dr. Edersheim's ' Life and Tipies of the Messiah,' a work which at once took the foremost place on account of its fresh and original treatment of the subject. A posthu- mous work by the late Rev. Dr. Hatfield, which we recently pub- lished, is a valuable contribution to the history of hymnologj-. It consists of biographical sketches of the principal hymn-writers in thi.s country and in Europe, and abounds with notes on their hymns. Last year we brought out a new edition of Frederick Saunders' popular work, 'Evenings with the Sacred Poets,' and we are just about to issue, in connection with Longmans & Co , the London pubUshers, a series of some twenty volumes under the general title of ' Epochs of Church History.' The work has been prepared by eminent scholars of Great Britain, and two volumes are now ready. One is entitled 'The Reformation in England,' and the other, 'The Church in Foreign Lands,' it being a survey of the foreign mission- ary movement of the Church of England." LEON HIRCH, late of Paris, Manufacturer of Theatrical Jeweh-y and Armors, No. 413 Sixth Avenue.— Among the well-known popular young business men in the city there are none more prominent in theatrical circles than Mr. Leon Ilircli, who is engaged in the manufacture of jewelry and armors, and the various paraphernalia and equipments used on the stage. He is the only mantrfacturer in this special Une of business in the country, and sup- pUes a large, widespread demand. Armor, swords shields, jewels, and all the various paraphernalia used in dramatic representations are always kept on sale, and particular attention is given to special or- dered work. Designs are furnished by Mr. Hirch of all the various kinds and styles of armor, and he executes work in the highest style of the art. He was bom at Paris, and wa.s brought up in the business with his father, who maintained a high reputation in that city. .Mr. Hirch has been established in New York since 1880, and has been very successful and prosperous. He originates many new and beautiful designs for armor, etc., and is an authority among theatrical mana- gers and actors, by whom be is held in high esteem. .114 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. VAN DUZER & CO., Wholesale Druggists and Manufacturing Chemists, No. 35 Barclay Street, and No. 40 Park Place —In many respects the wholesale drug-house of Messrs. Van Duzer & Co.. is the most eminently representative in its line in the United States. To its splendid facilities as importers and manufacturing chemists, they add old-established, influential connec- tions, while the firm is one that embraces young men, full of well" directed energy, yet possessed of vast practical experience. The business was founded in 1845 by Messrs. Gumming & Van Duzer. After several minor changes, the firm became that of S. R. Van Duzer & Co , the senior partner being one of the most influential men of his day, and who did much to retain the supremacy to New York in the wholesale drug trade. In 1886, IVIr. S. R. Van Duzer retired from active management in favor of Van Duzer & Co., the copart- ners being Mr. Selah Van Duzer, Mr. David S. Sears, and Mr. James MiUer. Mr. Van Duzer is a son of the original founder of the house, and early in life became identified with it, having a practical acquaint, ance therewith in every detail. The significance of this ^vill be duly appreciated by the trade. Mr. Sears was born in New York, and for the lengtliy period of thirty years has been actively connected with the house, discharging the duties of one responsible post after an- other, until in 188B he came into copartnership. Mr. JOller was also admitted last year; he is a native of Scotland, resident in the United States for twenty years past, for the larger part of the time being connected with the firm of which he is now a partner. All the part- ners are skilled workers. Their eyes personally supervise every detail, and their guarantee as to purity, freshness, accuracy, means exactly what it .says. Their establishment is very centrally located at No. 35 Barclay street, extending entirely ttu-ough the block to No. 40 Park Place, a distance of 165 feet. Here are fom- floors in one section, and five in another devoted to an immense and complete stock of drugs, druggists' simdries, fancy goods, chemicals, etc. The firm import direct from all quarters of the globe and are equally ready to flU orders in rare drugs, essential oils, herbs, gums, etc., extracts, etc., as in all tiie staple lines, aU quoted at prices which, quality considered, cannot be duphcated elsewhere. Connected with the establishment is a well-equipped laboratory, and as manufactur- ing chemists they put on the market many standard preparations, which have met the recognition they deserve, and are staple lines with the trade. From forty to fifty hands find constant employment here, and the concern is a model estabhshment in every way. It is to such houses as this that New York owes her supremacy in the wholesale di'ug trade, and Messrs. Van Duzer, with unremitting energy »nd enterprise, are pui-suing that hberal, honorable poUcy which early laid the foundations that now support the fabric of this great representative house. ORRIN.D. PERSON, Akron Virtifled Roofing-tile, Crestings, Hip- rolls, etc. ; Hollow Brick, Encaustic, Glazed, and Plain TUes, Architectural Terra-cotta; No. 125 Fifth Avenue.— Among the especially notable business establishments that have come into prominence within recent years in this section of the metropolis may be mentioned the attractive and well-ordered emporium of Orrin D. Person, importer of Scotch tiles and dealer in American art-tiling, cresting, architectural terra cotta, and kindred products, which is eligibly located at No. 125 Fifth Avenue, and which is in all respects one of the leadmg, most reliable, and best-equipped concerns devoted to this interesting and important branch of commercial activity in the entire city, while the patronage of the house, which extend all over the United States, is exceedingly large and grows apace. This flourishing enterprise was started in 188-3 by the gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch, and at the very inception of the venture, Mr. Person may be said to have virtually bounded into prominence and prosperity. Conducting the establishment on strict business principles, carrying only reliable and Al articles, and being withal a young man of energy, sagacity, and excellent business quaU- ties, he has by upright and honorable dealing been enable to build up the extensive and influential connection he deservedly enjoys. The warerooms occupy a floor, 25x80 feet in dimensions and are neatly fitted up and tastefully appointed, while a large and exceedingly fine stock is constantly carried on hand to meet the require- ments of the steady and increasing demand. The assortment comprises Akron, vitrified roofing-tile of evei-y description, crestings in unique and artistic designs, hip-roUs, architectural terra-cotta, im- ported and domestic tiles in great variety, hollow brick, art novelties in tiling, and beautiful encaustic, glazed, and plain tiles of all kinds; while an efficient staff of clerks attend to the wants of patrons and the trade of the house, which is of a most substantial character, ex- tending throughout the entire country, with a fine city patronage. Mr. Person, who is a native of New York, is a gentleman of affable manner and sterling integrity, as well as a man of foresight, push, and enterprise, and maintains an excellent standing in commercial Ufe. His house occupies a particularly high position in its special line. HOTEL MARTIN, John B. Martin, Esq., Proprietor, Nos. 15, 17, and 19 University Place, and 26 East Ninth Street.— The marked popularity of the Hotel Martin is largely due to the great abiUties, energy, courtesy, and experience of the pro- prietor, Mr. John B. Martin. Though a young man he is veiy widely experienced in hotel-keeping. Coming to America in 1879, Mr. Mar- tin was for three years proprietor of the Grand International Hotel at AspinwaU, the eastern terminus of the Panama Canal. In 1883 he came to this city, and opened the Hotel Martin, from its inception putting it on a basis of thorough efiBciency and good service. The premises are spacious, comprising the three-story and basement brick building, Nos. 15, J7, and 19 University- Place, 26 East Ninth Street, having a frontage of 100x80 feet. Here are upwards of sixty first-class rooms handsomely and comfortably furnished, the rate being but from $1 to 3 a day, as per location. Mr. Martin is con- ducting the hotel upon the highest basis of the true French sys- tem of management, upon the European plan, with fine restaurant and caU attached. The cafe is a peculiar establishment in New York on the style of the Paris Boulevard Cafe where all the principal French papera can be had. The service is the best, the cuisine of the highest standard of excellence, and the liberal policy of Mr. Martin insuring to diners every delicacy of the season. As regards the wines and liquors, they are s|ieoially imported and the purest and best of every grade. One of the features of 'this establishment is the "table d'hote" dinners which are served from 5 to 8 o'clock P.M., and which are acknowledged to be the finest in the city, especially for the price, which is $1.00, both as to quality, quantity, and prompt and first-class service, the patronage of the house in tills hne having increased greatly in the last year, owing to the superiority of the meals served. Mr. Martin employs upwards of thirty assistants and enforces a thorough system of organiza- tion, insuring to his patrons all the comforts of life at lowest tarLf . Sparing neither pains nor expense to maintain his hotel at the highest standard of excellence, we cordially recommend it to the public at large as one of the best, and most worthy of pa- tronage. It has a long Ust of permanent guests— gentlemen promi- nent in commercial, theatrical, and social circles, and Mr. Martin is the most popular c f landlords, one who is prepared to make his guests comfortable and who runs his house on true business prin- ciples. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 115 EE. EVERITT, Inventor and I'aUnitee of the Everitt Folding- bed, etc., No. 3T West KourtCL^nth Street.— Few articles of furniture are so useful at the present day as folding-beds. The pressure for more room iu cities and towns has been largely met by the folding-bed, which pays for itself in a few months by saving the rent of an extra room. A prominent and reliable house in New York, engagtHl in tlic sale and iiianufacture of all kinds of folding-beds, is that of i:. Iv No :ir West Four- teenth Street, inventor and patml ■.■ ..f ih.- huii.Mi^ l^critt folding- bed. Mr. Everitt is a native and rcsidfMlof IMiiludclphia. The fac- tory, located at Whitesboro, Oneida Couuty, N. Y., has been a quarter of a century engaged in the manufactm'e of folding-beds. The New York branch was established in ISSli, and is under the able and care- ful management of Mv. (Um,. W. Evi-ritt. The premises occupied in the metropolis compris.' a si>a. ions salesroom and basemeHt, whicn are fully stoclcc.l w ilh a splendid assortment of Everitt's folding-beds, wlnrl, aiv inn i^ ailed for elegance of design, quality, finish, and exeellni, , ami are the embodiments of mechanical work- manship of the liijli. si ..ider of perfection. Tht Everitt folding- bed rece i \ i ■< 1 llie hi-hesl medal awarded by the Franklin Institute, PhiUuh-lplua, I'a.. iss.",, and Ukewi.se tile three liinliesl medals K'iven by the American liistilnte, ISSG. In fact all the hi;^-lii-st medals awarded for folding beds in the United States since 18T3 have been awarded to the Everitt bed. The folding-beds of this responsible house are general favorites wherever introduced, while the prices quoted for them are extremely moderate, considering their superi- ority and utility. This house also keeps the finest bedding con- stantly on hand, or manufactures it to order. The enterprise of this popular house has been fully illustrated by the superior character of the folding-beds which have been placed on the market, and the in- fluence exerted upon the community by this industry fully entitles its proprietor to the consideration and esteem with which he is so widely regarded. He. JUDD & Co., Manufacturers of Brass Bedsteads, and Brass Furniture, Art Metal Goods, etc., Nos. 87 and 89 ^ Chambers Street, Nos. 69 and 71 Reade Street; H. C. Judd, President.— This house, which bears the marks of enter- prise and judicious management, exercises an influence that stretches far beyond the limits of New York, the trade extending throughout all sections of the United States and Canada. The business was duly incorporated under the laws of Connecticut in 1867 with ample capital. The following gentlemen, who are widely known in com- mercial circles for their business capacity, enterprise, and integrity, are the officers, viz,: H. C. Judd, President; .John Day, Treasurer; A. C. Woodworth, Secretary. The factories of the company, which ai-e admirably equipped, and furnish constant employment to a strong force of skilled workmen, are situated in Brooklyn, N. Y., and Wallingford. Conn. The company manufactures largely brass bedsteads and brass furniture, brass and wood cornice poles and trimmings, art metal goods, bronzes, fenders, fire-irons, upholsterers', stationers', and fancy hardware. The company's brass bedsteads have no rivals for superior finish and elegance, while their fenders, brass fire-screens, and other brass specialties are rapidly superseding the old styles, and no handsomer or better made goods are to be seen in Paris or London. The New York premises and warerooms comprise six double floors, which are fuUy stocked with a splendid assortment of the company's brass goods, wliich are general favorites with the trade and public wherever introduced. PRESS OF LEON. P. IvUFlL, .Job Printer, \os, S17 anpliances |,.r i In - snc,,ssfii| carr.\inf,' on of the business, ami these iiielnde pn-sses, types, the very latest novelties in cuts, ornaments, etc. The work executed is of a high grade, and the public can always rely upon faithful and satisfactory service at the hands of Mr. Leon. P. Kuhl. All orders for composi tion, press work, electrotyping. book-binding, paper nding, engrav- ing, etc., are given his personal attention, and are filled at times specified and at the most reasonable charges. From seventeen to twenty skilled and experienced operatives are employed, and the patronage is drawn from many of the leading mercantile houses in the city, and the proprietor never fails to give satisfaction to tho.se who favor him with their patronage. FRANCIS PEROT, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Coal and Wood, Nos. nOH and ,510 West Nineteenth Street.— An old-es- tablished wood and coal yard in this section of the city is that now owned and conducted by Mr. Francis Perot. M:-. Perot succeeded to the proprietorship of this industry in March, 1886, bringing ample experience to bear in his operations. The extensive yard covers an area of .'iOxlOO feet, has a capacity of over 3000 tons, and at all times contains a large, superior stock. Mr. Perot deals both at wholesale and retail, and handles only the best quality of Lehigh, Wyoming, red ash, and George's Creek Cumberland coal, as well as first grades of pine, oak, and hickory wood. Orders are filled at the very lowe.st market quotations, full weight and measure being guaranteed, and goods are dehvered without delay to any part of the city. Mr, Perot's native place is in Philadelphia, and he has resided in New York for the past ten years. Stock Exchange in 1870. JH. CONNELLY, Importer, Ladies' English Round Hats, etc.. No, 1167 Broadway.— The well-known popular establishment ^ of :\Ir, J, If, Connelly is very popular with the ladies and ireeives :\ lilicral patronage. The location. Coleman House, No, 111.; l!i(i.i.lwa\ . is very desirable, and the arrangements of the neatly title. 1 up si,.ii- is such as to afford every facility for display anil th iiveiii. iice ..f iKiir..ns, Mr, Connelly, who is a practical hiisiness man, |i..ss,.ssiii_' i.ir.- t;ood taste and judgment, has been doing business for the last ten years as an importer of ladies' English round hats and pattern bonnets, misses and children's hats, and ladies' riding and steamer hats and coaching and seaside hats. He is recognized as a leader in this special business, and always has the new styles and designs in hats and bonnets, as soon as brought out. Mr. Connelly, who was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, has been a citizen of New York for many years. 116 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. SHELDON MANUFACTURING CO.. Salesrooms, No. 18 West Twenty-third Street; Factory, Providence, R. I.— One of the great manufacturing corporations who are contributing so largely to the welfare and comfort of the people is the Shel- don Manufacturing Company, of No. 18 West Twenty-third Street, engaged more extensively than any other concern in America in the manufacture of gas cooking and heating stoves, improved gas- burners, etc. The company was duly incorporated in 1885, under the laws of this State, with a capital of $250,000, to engage in the manufacture of improved air-tight gas-ranges, gas cooking and heating stoves All other styles previously offered to the public had proved unreliable, costly, and unhealthy, and for this reason gas- stoves were not regarded with favor. Since 1885. however, the Sheldon gas ranges and stoves have effected a great revolution in the use of gas for cooking and heating purposes. The credit for this is largely due to the distinguished energy and enterprise of the Sheldon Manufacturing Company, whose officers include as Presi- dent, William C. Bucklin, for many years holding the responsible post of Inspector-in-Chief of the Consolidated Gas Company, and Mr. James H. Carrington, Secretary and Treasurer, a gentleman long prominent in mercantile circles in this city. Thus officered the company has been making rapid and successful progress. The factory, situated in Providence, R. I., is fully equipped with the latest improved machinery and appliances, and affords employment to from'seventy-flve to one hundred and twenty-five hands. Only the best materials are used, and the stoves and ranges are designed and put together by experienced men, in the most perfect manner. They contain improvements found in no other make, the Sheldon patent consisting of an air-tight top or combustion-chamber, from which all the injurious gases or odors are carried off by the flue. All these cooking .stoves are made to connect with the chimney or flue. At the company's handsome salesrooms, most centrally lo- cated at No. 18 West Twenty-third Street, can be found a magnifi- cent display of ranges, stoves, and heaters. Their Pearl range is compact, handsome and reliable; it is for use summer and winter, is more easily managed than the ordinary coal-stove; there is no smoke, smell, dust, cinders, or ashes, and when lighted at once begins the full force of the heating power, thus saving a vast amount of time. Their Retort gas cooking stove is a splendid achievement. It is 3 feet high by 33 wide and 23J^ deep. There is a large oven, deflecting broiling chamber, hot-water tank holding 4J^ gallons, and four burners on top for boiling purposes. With this stove one can cook for the largest boarding house, and roast or grill the largest turkey or piece of beef. In heating stoves the dis- play is remarkably attractive. The company's new No. 1 " Princess Royal ' is of artistic design, suitable for parlors, dining-rooms, or libraries. Corrugated copper reflectors make a brilliant display of light and warmth, while the gas is burned perfectly, and entirely free from odor. Their Challenge heater, selling in two sizes, at Si* and $13.50, is cylindrical in form, and is the most remarkable gas heating stove made. It is universally popular. The " Ruby," costing $8.50, is also a wonderful heater. The company also manufacture a fancy tile heater, very beautiful and serviceable. Another spe. cialty is the Challenge water-heater, suited especially for druggists, for bath-room use, butler's pantries, laundries, nurseries, etc. It gives an immediate supply of hot water, a desideratum long needed in everjihouse and many stores. As to this splendid heater, the company possesses testimonials from Caswell, Massey & Co., and other leading druggists, manufacturers, and first-class residents. Imitations of coal and logs, for gas-burners, are made in a variety of sizes, as ornamental as useful, and by which a glowing cheerful fire is secured by turning a tap. The company is now supplying an enormous number of its stoves and ranges all over the city, and to the trade throughout the United States. Those interested should send for the company's illustrated catalogue, in which special attention is directed to the famous Wendham patent gas-lamps. The company is agent for this lamp, made in a variety of styles. The increased brilliancy of light, and enormous saving in gas consumed, commend this system to the closest study of the public. Every householder should give it a trial. GEORGE E. SHIELS, Ladies' Drug Parlors, Nos. 821 Broadway and 53 East Twelfth Street.— We esteem it a pleasure to bring to the notice of our readers the well-known and popular drug house of Mr. George E. Shiels, on the corner of Broadway and East Twelfth Street. This valuable enterprise was inaugurated as far back as 18.52, and from the date of its inception has been the recipient of a liberal and steadily increasing patronage. The store has an area of aOxTO feet, and this is superb in its fittings and appointments. Above the salesroom are exquisitely decorated parlors tor the exclu- sive use of ladies. The establishment is one of the handsomest and most complete drug estabUshments in the city. The stock carried embraces drugs, chemicals, family and proprietary remedies, toilet and fancy articles, and druggists' sundries of all kinds. The assort- ments are always full and fresh, none but the purest and best goods being handled. Of perfumery, exquisite toilet preparations, etc., the stock is very choice, and Sybil's Secret, the only harmless rouge known, is very popular with the ladies. His grand specialty is Lelia Pith. It is a natural botanical product free from earth and minerals. It is not injurious in any way applied to the skin, and is nutritious when taken into the stomach. It is the same substance used for centuries by the Armenians and Circassians who have obtained by its use their world-wide renown for beauty. Its fragrant aroma, which is new and different from any other known perfume, is permanent, it being part of the substance itself. It purifies the skin, neutralizes offensive perspiration, stimulates the capillaries to healthy action, smooths wrinkles, rounds the form, removes tan, pimples, and "worms." moistens the most torpid cuticle, and makes pliable the rigid countenance; finally, it exhilarates the mind, clears the mental faculties, and allays nervousness. Directions how to use in each package. The selections and compounds are made and prepared by Mr. Shiels personally, and purchased from the most reliable sources, and prepared from ingredients known only to himself. The policy of the house has always been to handle only the choicest productions on the most reasonable terms. Special attention has been given to the compounding of physician's prescriptions and family recipes, and in this department a large business is done. Mr. Shiels, who is a phar- maceutical graduate, has had forty-five years' experience in the busi- ness. He is a native of France, has resided in this country for forty years, and is one of the most trustworthy representatives of the retail drug interests of New York. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 117 JR. TORREY & COIPANY, Miuiiifiiftiiiers of Razor-strops, and J. R. Torrey Razor Coniiiaiiy, Manufacturer of Razors, ^ Worcester, Mass. ; N.-w York ( )lllce. Xo. !t7 ("liaiiihei-s Street; " New York Asent, l):ivicl Kast iiiaii. A ilisi iiu-l i v,-l v ivpre- sentative house in this Unr iii thi- L'rnt.-a Si.il<-s ih n .il .1. R. Torrey & Co., manufaclurfi-s of llir wm-ld-rcMnu nnl ■ r..i i.'y Razor Strops."— whose extensive works are located at Worcester, Mass. It is now more tlian a quarter of a century since Mr. J. R. Torrey ■commenced, in a very humble way, the manufacture of razor- strops, and from that day liis object has been to make the most useful strop possible. To this end all materials used in their manu- facture is carefully selected with reference to practical use. On this principle a steadily increasing business has been built up, until to-day the company are the largest manufactiii ei s ..l ra/..i streps In the world. All goods from the first have bei-n s..lii stric tly on their merits. The wide reputation which the Torrey strops have at- tained is due to their superior sharpening qualities, and we do not hesitate to say that no razor-strop in the world will set so fine an ■edge to a dull razor. Through much experience Mr. Torrey became ■convinced that a higher grade of razors was demanded than was being brought to the American market, and about ten years ago he turned his attention to having fine razors made expressly for him in England and Sweden, with which he built up a considerable trade. In 1880 he made arrangements by which the manufacture of razors became a permanent industry in this country, giving employment to a large force of skilled workmen, all being practical razor-mak- ers; and the success, thus far, insures a steady increase of the busi- ness. The razor department is controlled by the J. R. Torrey Razor Co. (incorporalted), of which Mr. Joseph Turner is president and practical superintendent. Mr. Turner is a thoroughly trained, Shef- field, England, razor-maker, and can with his own hands produce any part of a razor from the rough material. He is equally at home in the forge or tempering shops, the grinding and polishing rooins, and in the working of horn and ivory for handles, and his skill in all these departments enables the establishment to do what no other in the world undertakes: to make all parts of a razor under the same supervision. Here the steel from the bar, and the horn and ivory in their raw state, are taken in hand, and every step of the work of producing finely-finished razors is going on under the same personal supervision. The making of the cases, their lettering in gold, and the etching of the razor-blades are all included in the •work of the establishment. The result is the production of a class ■of goods that is steadily making its way with the trade, and prom- ises to set aside the foreign work with which it competes. The methods and processes employed in England and Sweden have been greatly improved upon, and the Torrey razors have taken high rank in competition with the best that Europe produces. The Torry razors are now known as the standard for excellence in cutting qual- ity, style and finish, and prices are no higher than the foreign. Their works are most eligibly located, spacious, and completely equipped with all the most modern and latest iinproved machinery, tools, and labor-saving appliances known to the trade, and have a ■capacity sufficient for the largest demands upon them. In addition to their own unrivalled productions this house also handles the en- tire output of the J. R. Torrey Razor Co., who, besides being exten- sive manufacturers of their popular and unexcelled razors, are im- porters of pocket cutlery of all kinds, scissors, shears and razor hones, and are sole agents for Gifford's tweezers, McDonald's nail- cutters, key-rings, etc., as well as manufacturers of fine shaving- soaps. All goods sold by this reliable company are unrivalled for quality, utility, and uniform excellence, having no superiors in this or any other market, while the prices cpioted are as low as those of other first-class houses. The trade of the bouse extends through- out all sections of the United States ami < '.iTiail.i , v liile lar<:e quan- tities of these unexcelled gnnds are ii^w rxiH,rl.-,l i.. tlif W i-st In- dies, Central and South .-Vnieriea, .Vl'rica, 1 'u i-. .p,-, ■niil .\iisi lalia.— The New York office and warerooms are eeni i all\ l.)i-atHd at No. 9T Chambers Street, in the heart of the cutlery disti u t. .and are presided ■over by their popular manager, Mr. David ICasiniaii. This gentle- man has had over twenty years' experience in the cutlery trade, hav- ing been formerly connected with three of the largest houses in the country. He is therefore thoroughly well-informed as to the require- ments of the trade, auK and liO West Fif- teentli Street a conveiiieuce to the Reneral public there are few institutions which can compare with the livery sys- tem of this country. One of the best iu New York is that of Messrs. Walker & Keys, located at Nos. 58 and 60 West Fifteenth Street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues. This enter- prise was inaugurated in 1861, and from the date of its inception it has always received a liberal and substantial patronage. The stable is .WxlOO feet in dimensicnis, well lif,'bted, drained, and ventilated, and possesses first-class aeenininixlatiiins for fifty horses. A general livery, sale, and boanlini; hiisiiirss is ( i nnsacttnl, and the proprietor is prepared to funiiKli at all limes horses wilh sinple or double rigs, coaches, coup^'^s. and i.iher \i-lii, les. ■•ornlLiialile. Ii;,'b(-running. and stylish, and atteiuleil by ixilite, eaiel'ul, and intelliicent drivers when desired. All the livery horses r.re well kept and groomed, including fast roadsters as weL as gentle animals for ladies' or' invalids' use, and all let for hire at very moderate rates. Walker's tally-ho coaches also have a wide celebrity, and are liberally patronized. The board- ing branch of the enterprise is under the most efficient management, and many o^\-ners of horses and fine turn-outs avail themselves of the advantages of the stable and the excellent care provided. A force of from ten to fifteen experienced hands is steadily employed, and the house is universally popular with the public and its host of patrons. The proprietor, Mr Walker, is in the prime of life, active, energetic, and reliable in all his deaUngs, and is ably assisted in the management of the stable by Mr. W. J. Keys. AC. VAN TINE & CO., TaUors and Clothiers, No. 77 Chambers Street. — An ably conducted and deservedly pi'osperous ^ business house located in this bustUng commercial centre, and one which within a comparatively short period of estab- lishment has attained to a position among the foremost enterprises in Its particular and important branch of trade, is that of Messrs. A. E. Van Tine & Co. tailors and clothiers, at No. 77 Chambers Street. This firm, composed of Messrs. A. C. Van Tine, Paul Will- iams and George E. Faile— the latter a special partner— began busi- ness in July, 1886, and by superior energy and executive ability have reared a large and rapidly increasing trade. A large, carefully selected stock, embracing all the finest imported and domestic suit- ings, trouserings, trimmings, vestings. overcoatings, etc., is carried, and the employment of a competent force of skilful tailors, coujiled with the firm's wide experience and thorough knowledge of the busi- ness in all its branches, insures to customers the highest degree of artistic and mechanical perfection in the work turned out The trade of the house includes, besides a large and lucrative local patron- age, a prosperous outside business which is continually iuereasiiif,' in volume. This firm has a special order department. Their inaimer of doing this business is to furnish responsible houses throughout the country with samples of cloths nicely mounted on cards, fashion plates and measure blanks. Agents take the measures and forward them. The gannents are cut by experienced practical cutters, made by skilled workmen, and trimmed in same manner as for their local trade. The fit of garment is guaranteed. Customers try their garments on in their agent's store, thus avoiding all troubles %vith C. O. D. packages. This house does not keep any ready-made cloth- ing. The gentlemen coiii]ios;ng the firm are young men long identified with the clothing trade, of which they possess a thorough and com- prehensive knowledge, and they are fast going to the front among the foremost houses in this line. EF. FRENCH, established in 1868, Manufacturer of Built-up Woods and Veneers under Inventions and Patents, Piano J and Sewing-niaeliine ( uses and Covers, etc.. Factory sales- roomsat No Inii i:i,\ .nth Avenue, corner Nineteenth Street. — Born amidst the rm i \ i jnlains of Vermont, where the bracing bree/es and erisp, eolil air iiieiie one's thought and mind to quicker action than in t lie lia/.y, sluggish climes of our tropical States, at an earh a^-' Mr I'. F. French, then a precocious urchin in knicker- bockers and (iaribaldi. astounded his good old father, a learned and highly respected clergyman of the sturdy Green Mountain Slate, by his inventive genius and curious e.xperiments. The boy is said foratruthtobe father to liis niaidiood, and though the ingenious contrivances of the youth came to no practical uti- lity, the seeds were sown for after-life, and the result of the juvenile ideas has given some of the most invaluable inventions of late years to the industrial world. We refer to the inven- tion of the built-up wood and im- proved veneers that are manu- factured b}' Mr. French, at No 100 Eleventh Avenue, corner of Nineteenth Street. Leaving his paternal home in Orleans County, Vermont, early in life Mr. Kiench came to the metropolis, and entered into the man- ufacture of his specialties in wood as fai back as 1868, being origin- ally establishcil .\t No .UO Seventh Avenue. During his residence in this city. Mv I'lcnch has taken out a number of patents for his inventions, ail of n hicli he contrives absolutely, and most of which are now in usv at his factory on Eleventh Avenue. As no less an authority than our esteemed contemporary, the Amrrican Music- ian, says editorially, "The man who has done more than any one else by his inventions to bring veneers into use is E. F. French," we deem it a matter of no small interest to describe some of the gen- tleman's valuable patents. Among some of the specialties manu- factured at his factory under letters-patent arc juano I'r.anies, sewing machine covers and eases, the celebrated «oo,! l,nili work, type- writing maidiine cases, roof cornices, artists' jiain-ls. windi>w frames etc. All the wood-work for the famous Standard sewing-ma- chines are manufactured exclusively for the Standanl Company of Cleveland. Ohio, by Mr. French, under special contract, and the in- ventions have a lartje forciirn demand, that must be a source of sin- cere pride and coiiLriMUilaiion to the original inventor and patentee Mr, Frencli r.csidcs these dcvii-es. the wood is made into a hun- dred other useful shapes 'Ihe business has assinned immense proportions, and tlie trade is l.v no means confined to the United Slates, hut extends all over .\nierica and nearly every civilized coniiti \- .ill the Lfl..!..' 'I'li.'s.' u-oods are made of thin layers of ven- eer, -lue.l lo-.-th.-r in three ..r niore thicknesses, with the grain cr..ssinir at i i','lit an-l.'s. wliicli pr.-vents splitting or chucking. Thi> t;o...lsaie ni.i.le ii)i in the ri'.iuir.'.i shape on forms prepared for that purpose. Several of the prin.apal a.lvaiila-es of this made-up wood are that it is very strong an.l .liir.ilil.', ulule being extremely lit,dit in weight The clieaper woods aiv us.-.l on the inside, and fancy rra.les.i-apal.l.M.f 1 ak iiiLr a high polish, for tlieoutside. White woods are ns...l princip.ilh- f.n- the insides, while walnut, mahogany, and an\- fancy st\ lc d. sired is overlaid. By means of the patented in- ventions, the veneer used is cut around the log, and thus veneer 8 feet long and 20 feet wide can be obtained. Mr. French is a bright, inventive gentleman, with a high reputation for commercial integrity and honesty. Controlling his valuable patents, by push and energy this enterprising manufacturer has created a complete revoluion in his line of business, and accomplished more than all the rest of the dealers combined to increase the use and demand for veneers. 130 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. ASCHOVERLING, No. Ill Chambers Street.— This gentleman is widely known as Manufacturers' Agent for Pieper's B. L. ^ guns and rifles, National Arms Co. B. L. guns, Flobert rifles, British BuU-dogs, etc., and has been established in the business here since 1884. He occupies convenient and commodious quarters, and possesses unsurpassed facilities for conducting the business under the most favorable auspices and upon the largest scale. He carries at aU times a fine sample stock, and imports to order the arms above-mentioned. These goods recommend their own superior merits on inspection, and have given this house a prestige in the trade that could not' be acquired by any other means. Employing ample capital, and possessing intimate and influential connections with manufacturers in Europe, the proprietor of this house is prepared to offer unsurpassed inducements to the trade as regards both superiority of stock and economy of prices. This, com- bined with the exercise of business talent of the highest order, has chanical appliances known to the trade. A large force of skilled workmen is employed, and a very large stock of materials is kept on hand. Barrels known to the trade as " loose barrels " are manu- factured here for provisions, flour, sugar, cofi'ee, spices, etc. ; and the repairing and making-over of provision-casks form a specialty with the concern. New barrel-shocks for foreign shipment are also a specialty. The firm have a large city trade connection, and the facilities of the establishment for promptly executing all orders sat- isfactorily, in point of materials, workmanship, and prices, are not excelled by those of any rival house. TBOURKE, Engraver and Printer, No. 819 Broadway In the line of fine card and steel engraving, a prominent and repre- j sentative house is that of Mr. T. Bourke. This gentleman established his business upwards of twenty years ago, and during this long period has ever maintained the highest standard of Lower Broadway in I860. resulted in a splendid trade throughout both America and Europe, and the business of the house is steadily increasing in strength and influence. The proprietor, Mr. SchoverUng, is a native of Germany. He is assisted in the management by Mr. H. Werlemann, a gentle- man well versed in all the requirements of the business. WILEY'S Cooperage. Nos. 600 to 608 West Thirty-ninth Street, and Nos. 487 to 493 Eleventh Avenue.— This enterprise had its beginning in 1863, when it was founded by the late Mr. John Wiley, who was a native of Ireland, and who died in 1C70, since which time it has been conducted by his son, Mr. G. Wiley. The premises occupied comprise a two-story brick build- ing, 600x100 feet in dimensions. This is equipped with the best me- excellence in regard to all works executed. Mr. Bourke is a thor- oughly skilled engraver of wide practical experience, and employing only skilled assistants, the work produced is unsurpassed for fine execution. He does all kinds of general engraving, and all orders are promptly executed at moderate charges. His business is large, requiring the services of three experienced engravers. Mr. Bourke is a native of Ireland, and came to this city when very young. During the late war he testified his devotion to the country of his adoption by enlisting in her army, serving three years in the Fifih New York Artillery. His regiment was in the Army of the Cumber- land, and participated in all its battles, he himself being severely wounded at the battle of Cedar Mountain. He is prominently identified with Rankin Post G. A. R. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. DAVID SHAKNON, Wholesale Dealer in Ulutton, Lamb, and Veal, No. 611 West Fortieth Street.— The wholesale trade in meats of all kinds is naturally one of great majjnitude and impor- tance in this city, requiring the investment of large capital and the employment of an army of workmen in the various departments of the business. A leading source of supply for mutton, lamb, and veal is the establishment of Mr. David Shannon, at N,i. (ill \Vi ist For- tieth Street. This gentleman is widely and pronilm lUly Known as a wholesale dealer in these meats, and lias been t"nt;a^;<'cl in tin- business here since 18T2. His slau^rlitcr hoiisf has a caiiac-iiy for killing fifteen hundred sheep ami lambs, which iiv<- (|MH kl\ .lisi)osedof to the per- manent patrons of ila- housr. Thi |.r. niisi s occupied comprise a brick building, 2.">xliH) feet in dime n l uis, \\ itli a l)a.sement of the same size, and the arrangements and apii' ■intmcut of the same are of the most perfect character. The propricl'ir is in possession of the best possible facilities for procuring his stock from the best sources, and for ofTermg the trade fresh and tirst-class goods at prices which pre- clude successful competition. Only the best stock is handled, and the greatest skill and experience are brought to bear in every feature of the business. The stock is invariably large and complete, and kept steadily up to the highest standai-d of excellence. Fifteen hands are regularly employed, and all orders are promptly and carefully filled. Mr. Shannon, the enterprising and popular proprietor, is thoroughly informed as to all the requirements of the trade and how best to meet its every demand. His large and active trade throughout the city has been honestly won, and his success is well deserved. CHARLES EATON, Dealer in Paper-hangings and Window- shades, etc.. No. 46 West Fourteenth Street.— A leading house in painting and decorative work is that of Mr. Charles Eaton- This business was originally established in Thomas street, in 1870, and was removed to its present location nine years ago. These premises comprise one floor, 25x80 feet in dimensions. This is an interesting and attractive establishment, filled, as it is, with a full assortment of paper-hangings in all the latest styles and designs, also foreign borders, dados, and fine art hangings of the most beautiful description; window-shades, lace and heavy curtains, upholstery goods, curtain-poles, etc., in great variety, from the cheapest to the most costly. Mr. Eaton attends to every kind of interior decorative ■work, and he is frequently given caite blanche in the decoration of mansions, etc., and many orders reach him through the leading car- pet and furniture houses of the city. Among the references of Mr. Eaton may be mentioned the following: Messrs. J. & J. Dobson, car- pets, Nos. 40 and 42 West Fourteenth Street : Degraaf & Taylor, furni- ture, Nos. 47 and 4!) West Fourteenth Street; Bruner & Moore, fur- niture, Nos. 41 and 4.S West Fourteenth Street; Sheppard Knapp & Co., carpets. Thirteenth Street and Sixth Avenue; George C. Flint & €o., furniture, Nos. 104, 106, 108 West Fourteenth Street; Bauman Bros., furniture, Nos. 22 to 26 East Foiu-teenth Street; Ryer & Wag- ner, upholstery, Nos. 167 and 169 Canal Street: H. C. Kroh & Co., shade goods, No. 27.5 Canal Street. Mr. Eaton is a manufacturer of window-shades, which are made of the best materials, are tinted by hand with pure colors, and, unlike the Holland goods, will not fade. Every shade is warranted not to crack or curl, and can be retinted any color any time. All kinds of painting and decorative work is satisfactorily executed promptly, under the supeiwision of Mr. Eaton, who is a thorough artist. He employs from twenty-five to thirty hands. RICHARD J. LYONS, Tailor and Importer of FlneWooUens, No. 767 Broadway.— Mr. Richard J. Lyons, may be said to have attained his reputation for fa.shionable garments on account of his ability and experience in his business. Mr. Lyons was born in Ireland, and left his native land for America m 180.5. His ex- perience as a practical cutter and tailor covers a period of twenty years. For a long period he was in the service of Messrs. McLeod & Remmey, of this city, and in 1879, in p.nrtnership with Mr. Bristol, he founded his present enterprise. In 1SS2 this |>artn. rship was dis- solved, and since then Mr. Lyons has hei n tlu' s proprietor. He occupies a handsomely appointed store, 2.'ix;(i b i t in iluneusions. Mr. Lyons knows, and the public knows that he know s, what constitutes elegance in wearing apparel, so that his services are in great request by those who re(iuire first-class fashionable clothing. Mr. Lyons carries a large and valuable stock of fabrics, including French and English woollens and suitings of the latest patterns in the market. The c\istom of this house is derived from the elite of the metropolis and its vicinity, and, in addition, an extensive busine.ss Is done throughout the whole of the States. From ten to twenty hands are employed, and all orders are promptly filled at reasonable charges. Style, fit, and first clas.s workmanship are guaranteed in all instances. DANIEL D. YOUMANS, Hatter. Stores: Nos. 1107 Broadway; 719 Broadway; 180 Broadway.- Refinement, culture, the education of the eye to grasp the subtle distinctions that characterize perfection in the highest plane of trade ; the facihties afforded to the public to gratify their tastes for the beauti- ful, the reliable, and the pi rfcci in lln ir attire, have year by year en- larged the field and oreatnl a n iist.ini ly increasing demand for the best and the most truthful i xih.^hioh i,f the current styles and of fashion's manilate. A notable illnsl rat ion is afforded in the career of Jlr. I)anirl 1 1. Yoiiii,,iii-. ihf rr].i-i s,-iiialive American hatter, whose distinfti\r iiuahtii-aiioiis lijvc brromi' niiiyersally recognized, and whose abilities ami sterling spirit of enterprise lead the trade in fine hats and receive that silent homage— the hnitation of would be com- petitors. For a quarter of a century, Mr. Yomnans has manufac- tured and sold the finest of hats to the fashionable public of New York and all over the United States. Mr. Youmans began in business at No. 719 Broadway, then eminently central for the best trade, and a AXB-EMAHT^E HTOTETi, Copyrightfid-. point chosen with such rare good judgment, that it is to-day as profit- able a location as ever. The growth of the busmess early neces,si- tated an opening of the uptown store, at No. 1107, under the Albemarle Hotel, which it wUl be observed has the most prominent location in the city as regards the tide of fashionable travel. Nine years ago, to better accommodate his thousands of customers down-town,the bank- ers, the brokers, and the merchants, the active business men of New York, Mr. Youmans opened his elegant store at No. 180, completing the metropolitan chain, and which combined do the bulk of the New York retail trade in fine hats. Mr. Youmans brings to bear the ripened experience of the manufacturer, as well as the designer and critic. Every hat in his stock is a gem of art and taste, and so well understood is this that his resources are taxed after meeting his enormous city patronage, to supply the growing demands at whole- sale, through designated channels, for Youmans' hats are typical in every leading city in the Union. All that is the best is embodied in their production. They are decidedly the best hats worn to day, while that indefinable element, style, is imparted. There are here carried the largest stock in New York of gentlemen's fine hats of every description, likewise riding hats, tourist and steamer hats, liv- ery hats, umbrellas and walking-sticks, in a profusion of original styles nowhere else duplicated. Mr. Youmans lias surrounded himself with a staff of accomplished assistants and .salesmen, twenty in num- ber, every one competent to extend to the most fastidious customer intelligent and appreciated service, and thus it goes without saying that every new customer is a permanent addition to the wide circles of society that prefer to wear Youmans' hats to those of all other brands. In conclusion it need only be mentioned that Mr. Youmans has the patronage of those most eminent in pubUc as well as private hfe, and that all who buy of him can rely on getting the correct style at the earliest moment, and of being able to select from the most varied st(K-k in America. 122 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. SOL SAYLES, Butcher and Packer, Hotel and Steamship Sup- phes, Nos. 126 and 128 Sixth Avenue. — In reviewing the com- meicial growth and prosperity of Sixth Avenue we come across in our peregrinations the house of Mr. Sol Sayles, the well-known butcher and packer, who is located in very eligible and commodious quarters at Nos. 126 and 128 Sixth Avenue. Mr. Sayles started in this business on his own account in 1860, and under very auspicious and favorable circumstances. Joining to this close attention and application to business and superior management, the same has grown to very large and prosperous proportions, and is to-day one of the most popular and well-patronized establishments in this section of the city. Mr. Sayles, like many other successful and far-seeing men, has seen fit to remain in the same location all during this time, so that his place of business is very familiar to the citizens of New York. It consists of a solid and substantial brick structure having a frontage of 40 feet and running back 75 feet. For the keeping of stock there is an extension in the rear meas- uring 40x30 feet. This affords ample space for the storage and curing and packing necessary in the business. As a butcher and packer Mr. Sayles makes a special feature of supplying hotels, steamboats, clubs, and steamships, his trade to these being some- thing enormous. Mr. Sayles has a contract with the Commissioners of Charities and Correction for 4,500,000 pounds, the largest ever made in meats in the United States. In addition to doing a large wholesale and home trade, Mr. Sayles has very wisely been developing a foreign export market for his overplus. This practical move is in the right direction, and shows the sagacity and prudent foresight of this merchant. He supplies all the leading hotels in the city, having had the Astor House trade for the past twenty years, Gilsey House, Metropolitan, Park Avenue, Grand Union, New York; Grand Union, Saratoga; West End, Long Branch; Surf Hotel, Fire Island; Union dub. Lotos Club, and many private institutions. He also supplies the leading steamship lines. White Star, Anchor Line, Brazil Line, Pacific Mail, and many others. When we state that as many as fif- teen trucks and wagons are constantly employed in making deliv- eries, and as many as forty experienced assistants are required in the various departments, some idea of the magnitude of this busi- ness may be formed. The premises are neaHy and conveniently fitted up, and reflect much credit upon the management. Mr. Sol Sayles was born in Albany, N. Y., and is a self-made man in every respect. He started in the business when he was seventeen years of age, and by ene.-gy and perseverance has built up a large and pros- perous business, reflecting the energy and push and courage which have all along directed its operations. UNION INDURATED FIBRE COMPANY, Manufacturers of In- durated Fibre Goods; New York Office and Salesroom, No. 110 Chambers Street; H. G. Cordley, General Manager.— This progre.ssive and representative company was duly in- corporated May, 1887, under the laws of New York with a paid-up capital of S2.i,000, and has already secured a liberal and influential patronage in all sections of the country. The following gentlemen are the officers, viz.: C. D. Brown, President; Jas. D. Macfarlane, Secretary; H. G. Cordley, General Manager. The company's offices end salesrooms in New York are at No. 110 Chambers Street, and in Chicago at No. 39 Wabash Avenue. The Union Indurated Fibre Company are now sole agents for the marketing of the entire output of indurated fibre goods of the following noted companies, viz.: Indurated Fibre Company, Portland, Me.; John II. Conant, Water, town, Mass.; American Indurated Fibre Comp.iny, Jlechanicsville, N. Y.; Oswego Indurated Fibre Company. Oswe-o, X. Y. ; The In- durated Fibre Company of Lockport. Lockpoi-r, N, Y. : The Western Indurated Fibre Company, Winona, Minn ; Filiei ite JIanufacturing Company, Skowhegan, Me. The company keeps constantly in stock in its wareroonis indurated fibre pails, keelers, tubs, water- coolers, measures, spittoons, umbrella-stands, milk-pans, butter bowls, wash-basins, slop-jars, etc. Their indurated fibre ware is moulded or pressed out in one piece from wood fibre (do not con- found these goods with " paper" or so called " fibre ware"\ and is warranted to he all in one piece, without joint or seam. Their pails, tubs, and keelers are the only line of ware which can truthfully be claimed to be seamless, and which do not require hoops. This ware is saturated with a hardening material which makes it very durable as well as elastic, and renders it impervious to moisture, hot or cold, and is superior to wood, paper, tin, and iron ware in these particulars: It will not shrink or swell, or taint water, milk, or other liquids; it cannot leak, water-soak, or rust; and has no hoops to drop or rust off. Being seamless, the bottom cannot drop out. It has no paint or varnish to wear off, and does not require paint or varnish to pre- serve it. It is proof against hot and cold water, kerosene, benzine, and naphtha; and commends itself for general house and farm use. It is invaluable for maimfacturers, brewers, maltsters, and paper- makers, and is indispensable for steamer use, as, in addition to above qualities, the ware will not sink if dropped overboard. Indurated fibre ware is fitted with the best of trimmings, brass ears, coppered or tinned bail wire, and hardwood enamelled handles. Warranted to stand any climate and any fair usage. All orders for indurated fibre goods are promptly filled at the lowest possible prices. The New York ofBce and salesroom are under the control of Mr. H. G. Cord- ley, who is thoroughly conversant with every detail and feature of the business, and the requirements of patrons. In conclusion it may be justly stated that the affairs of the Union Indurated Fibre Com- pany are placed in able and energetic hands, and its business is a valued factor in the commerce of the great metropolis. WILLSON, ADAMS & CO., Lumber, Forty second Street and East River.— It would be difficult to cite a department of commercial activity which has exerted a greater influence upon the material growth and development of the metrop- olis than the liunber trade, and in this connection as an old time- honored and representative enterprise may be mentioned that which forms the immediate subject of the present sketch. This vast busi- ness was originally established in 1860 under the name and style of Smith & WiUson. In 1880 the title became Willson & Adams, and four years later the present firm was organized. The house has three yards, one at Mount Vernon and the others at Forty-second Street and East River, and One Hundred and Thirty -eighth Street and Mott Avenue, this city. The dual establishment in this city occupies a ground area of 130 city lots, with mammoth sheds and buildings for the accommodation of hght stuff, and com- modious and well -arranged yards for the storage of the heavier grades of lumber, timber, etc. The firm are heavy handlers of hard and soft wood, lumber, spruce timber, shingles, and pickets, their immense stock aggregating 20,000,000 feet. A large force of men and teams is employed in the transaction of the voliuninous and extensive business, and the house is popularly considered as one of the leading and representative city enterprises in the lumber trade. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Charles H. Willson, Charles L. Adams, Allen W. Adams, W. W. Watrous, and J. S. Car- valho. All are New York men of business enterprise and push, pos- sessing a thorough knowledge of all pertaining to the lumber trade. Mr. Willson's brother, J. W., was one of the original founders of the enterprise, Mr. C. H. Willson having become connected with the firm in 1865 ; the others have been identified with the house for a number of years, some of them beginning as clerks and working themselves up to a copartnership. WALTER J. BURKE, Wholesale Grocer and Jobber in Teas and Coffees, No. 841 Tenth Avenue, between Fifty-fifth and Fifty sixth Streets.— A popular and prosperous establish- ment in the general grocery fine in this section of the city is that of Mr. Walter J. Burke, whose well-known and commodious store is desirably located at No. 841 Tenth Avenue, between Fifty-fifth and Fifty -sixth streets. Although established but little over a year, Mr. Burke has won signal success in the commercial world, and has acquired a large, permanent, and influential patronage. He has won the public confidence and favor through his liberal methods of man- agement, and his fixed ride of handling none but the finest goods in the market, while his prices are such as to defy successful competi- tion. The attractively-furnished store occupied is filled to its ut- most capacity with a large, very superior stock of choice teas, coffees and spices, table delicacies, and staple and fancy groceries of all kinds, both foreign and domestic, aU fresh and good, the assortment being complete in every particular. He makes a leading specialty of jobbing teas and coffees, and offers special inducements in the mat- ter of prices, which dealers and consumers would do well to take ad- vantage of. Two clerks are employed. aU orders are put up prompt- ly and satisfactorily, and goods are deUvered to any part of the city free of charge. Mr. Burke attends personally to the direction of his affairs, and is an expert busings manager. He is a native of New York, widely known in both mercantile and social circles, and the permanent success of his estabUshment is fully assured. THE ,\1 E T R O P O 1, 1 S OF TO-DAY. 123 JOHN I. CUMING, Manufacturer of Fine Cigars, No. 27 Bar- clay Street.— Among tlie cigar houses of tliis city none is more worthy of hcmorable iiifiilioii tlian that of Mr. Joliii I. Cuming, whose csiahhslinicnt is l.iciii. d at No. 27 Barclay Street. The business whs si,iri.-,l, u, isso un, in- tli.' style of Cuming & Rosen, and in Octobei-, iss;, Mr. .'Meyer Kosen withdi-ew from the partnership. Since tlu n tlie Imsiness has been conducted by Mr. Cuming with im leas. .1 mm , ess. I lie premises occupied for the business comprise "tie il ■ .if the iniilding. which is 25x100 feet in dimensions. This is e.iinpped willi all necessary appliances for the production of the (inest brands »( ci^iars. Idrwliieh the house has become noted, and tor wliieh there is a very aii ivi' dein.and. A large number of haiuls are eniplciyed in the maniifacluring department, and the house is constantly represented throughout New York and the adjoining States among retail dealers by travelling salesmen. The house enjoys a splendiil trade, and this is gradually increasing in volume. Mr. Cuming has practical experience in this line of busi- ness, and is conducting his establisliment ujion tlie lines of hberality anil integrity. All goods sent out from his factory will be found to be exactly as represented. Mr. Cuming was Imrn in Ireland, but was brought up in New York, where he has resided for the past thirty years. He is prompt and reliable in all his business relations. HUTCHINSON & HALL, Commission Dealers in Flour, Feed, and Grain, No. 134 Tenth Avenue.— A branch of mercantile activity exercising an important influence in promoting the business growth of the city is that pursued by the commis- sion dealer in feed, flour, and grain, and much capital and energy are engaged in this line. One of the most prosperous and best- known houses of the kind is that of Messrs. Hutchinson & Hall, located at No. 134 Tenth Avenue, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. The business of this house was inaugurated ten years ago by the present proprietors, who brought to bear ample experience together with energy, ability, and perseverance, and from the first the enterprise has been most successful, the patronage steadily in- creasing year by year until its present extensive proportions have been attained. The premises occupied consist of a store and base- ment, 125x100 feet in dimensions, and a warehouse having two floors each 25x50 feet in area. The firm have three delivery trucks, em- ploy five hands, and possess the most improved facilities for the satisfactory prosecution of trade. A very heavy stock is at all times carried, embracing the finest grades of flour, feed, and grain, also baled hay and straw, salt, etc. Both a wholesale and retail demand is supplied, and all orders are filled on the most favorable terms. The copartners, Messrs. Samuel Hutchinson and William Hall, are business men of strict integrity, as well as sound judgment and ability, highly regarded by the trade, and fully worthy of the large measure of public favor and recognition they receive. H ROSENTHAL & BRO., Manufacturers of Brushes, No. 120 Chambers Street: Factory, No. 50 Warren Street.— At the ^ present day l)riishes are made from a great variety of materials. I'r.'ni Hie wire specialty for burnishing the surface of melals to tlie sahle hair brush for artists' uses. The bristles and hair used in the manufacture of brushes are chiefly obtained from Siheiia. Itiissia and France, which export to the United States two thinls of the entire su|i|>ly, and the brushes made in New York are well known and a|>|irei i:ited all over this continent, and even Great, Britain, for their sujierior qualities. In this connection special reference is made in this historical review of the industries of f be met ro,.olis to the widel v-known and old- established house of H. Ho-. titlial ,V i;ro.. m.iiiut aet nrers .,f tine painters and artists' bruslies, whose olliee and spaeioiis salesr.M.m are located at No. 120 Clitimbers Street. riinnin(j t hron-li the entire block to No. 50 Warren Street. The upi.er tloors h,a\ e a seri.-s of galleries the entire length of this very lonir Imildin:.'. all devot' d to manufacturing brushes, with every appliance atnl faeility necesstiry for the successful prosecution of their hn^m. vs. and where about two hundred experienced and skilled m. elimies are almost constantly emploj'ed, all guided and under tlie dii c ct super vision of Mr. Henry Rosenthal, who has created the present excellence of the practical paint-brush over the uncouth, unsightly, and ancient substitute— which a lifetime of study and experience can only accomplish, he having established this business over a quarter-century ago. and so conducted it until 1875. when he admitted his brother, Mr. Maurice Ro- senthal, in partnership, whose effort it has been to produce such goods best suited to those markets which his travels embrajed. Both partners are thoroughly able and practicaljbrush-makers— fully con- versant with every feature and detail of this industry, and the re- quirement of the trade in all sections of this country. Their busi- ness, however, is by no means confined to the United States, as large quantities of the firm's famous brushes are exported to Canada, South America, and Europe. Their specialty is the successful pro- diu-tiou of fine painters and artists' brushes, and generall5' known as the " Arrow Brand," which have merited the claim of being abso- lutely unrivalled for quality, durability, and general excellence, having no superiors in this or any other market. They carry at all times a very large stock, thereby facilitating promptness in the ex- ecution of all orders entrusted to their care, and theirdetermination to yield their patrons entire satisfaction is steadily securing for them the most pleasant results. It is oidy just to state, in conclu- sion, that their enterprise, business ability, and integrity rate them high in the commercial world, and umler their presentable manage, ment this popular house is certain to retain the ascendency in the future which it has already acquired in this useful industry. DB. BUTLER, Manufacturer of Picture-frames, and Dealer in Paintings, Engravings, Photographs, etc.. No. 398 Fourth ^ Avenue, between Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Streets. — A notable and popular picture-frame an.. mannlaeltu-ers of and dealers in everything' l'>i- einldien s »rai-, ulmse tainnus Liliimtian Hazar is eentrally loeated at Nes, W and (ij West Tuenty-tliird Street. The factory ot tlie lirni is at Nos. (iti and OS liro.-.dway, Brooklyn, N. Y. This i.usiness « as esiat.lisii. d in issn i,y thu pres- ent copartners, Messrs. .\llieit Im-sI and Waiicn V.. Snnili, whuhave had great experience, anil possess an iniimale know leilf;e of every detail and feature of this inipoi i ani i ml iist ly, and the requirements of patrons in all sections of i lie l ouii 1 1 y . The premises occupied com- prise a superior five-story and iiaseinent Imilding 50x100 feet in di. mensions. There are ten distinct deiiartments in this establishment, which are fully stocked with everything necessary for the clothing of children from the cradle to eighteen years of age. Each depart- ment is complete, and is under the control of a manager, who is re- sponsible for the arrangement and display of the goods, which are Absolutely unrivalled for quality, finish, reliability, and uniform ex- cellence, while the prices quoted for them necessarily attract the atr tention of careful and prudent buyers. This establishment is one of the busiest in the city, its counters being thronged with patrons from all classes of the community. Messrs. Best & Co. employ two hundred and fifty clerks, salesmen, salesladies, etc., in their Liliputian Bazar, and fifteen hundred experienced operators in their Brooklyn factor}-. This reliable house commands the direct patronage of the people of New York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, Hoboken, Newark, etc., up the Hudson and down through Connecticut and Long Island, while the mail order department affords a ready means for persons throughout the country to satisfy their wants in obtaining requisites for their children. The firm have brought into operation a thorough system of organization, without which such an extensive business with its various details could not be successfully carried on. Messrs. Best and Smith were born in New York, where they are highly re- garded by the community for their business ability, enterprise, and integrity. The fame of the Liliputian Bazar is so familiar to the general public that further remarks on our part would be superflu- ous; suffice it to say, that the substantial inducements offered to buyers by this noted house cannot be equalled in this or any other city. JBUTTIKOFER, Manufacturer of Pianos, No. .5',; East Thirteenth Street.— An establishment that has for more than a half cen- , tury occupied a prominent and popular position is that of Mr. J. Buttikofer, tne well-known manufacturer of and dealer in pianos. Mr. Buttikofer was born in Switzerland in 1810, and is consequently now in his seventy -seventh year. Sixty years ago he came to this city, entering immediately upon the study of the piano trade, and ten years later establishing the business which he has since so successfully conducted. He has seen the piano trade gradually expand from insignificant proportions to its present important magni- tude. His extensive business premises embrace a floor having a capacity of 120x7.) feet, and attractively, neatly, and tastefully fitted up throughout. This admirable salesroom is filled with a large, superior stock of first-class pianos, which for workmanship, beauty of design, strength of volume, delicacy of touch, and sweetness of sound, have none that can surpass them. They are sold on the most favorable terms, for cash or on the instalment plan, ea.sy payments; and every instrinnent is guaranteed to be perfect in evei-y particular. A specialty is made of tuning and repairing pianos, and all orders in this line receive prompt attention. JOHN G. JAGER, Manufacturer of Coaches, Coupfis, Landaus, Light Wagons, and Trucks, and Livery-stable, No. -rvi West Thirty-first Street.— Among the old well-known busi- ness men up town there are none more prominent than Mr. John G. Jager. who for the past thirty years has been engaged manu- facttn-ing fine carriages, and wagons and trucks. The premises oc- cupied have an area of 50x100 feet, and are divided into blacksmith and wood-working shop, painting and finishing and upholstering de- partment. From fifteen to twenty-five skilled practical workmen are employed, and a large business is carried on, manufacturing fine carriages, coupes, landaus, coaches, pliaetons, etc , and also light wagons and heavy trucks. The business is conducted under Mr. Jager's immediate supervision, and all work is fully warranted. Repairing receives prompt attention, and is executed in the best manner at popular prices. Adjoining the carriage and wagon works Mr. Jager has a well-kept livery, which is liberally patronized by the community. The stable is a two-story structure, 50x100 feet, and affords accommodation for twenty horses, and carriages, coaches, landaus, coup6s, and light wagons are always in readiness, and are to let at all hours for business or pleasure purposes and for weddings, fune- rals, etc. From six to ten careful stablemen and drivers are em- ployed in »he livery department, and all orders by mail or telephone receive immediate attention. Mr. Jager, who was born in Germany, came to the United States and located in New York in 1851, and thirty years ago established business !is a carriage and wagon maker, and in 1873 added that of livery. He has been very successful and pros- perous during his long residence in the city, and has made many friends. TERENCE DONAHOE, Steam Marble Works, Nos. 541 and 543 West Twenty second Slreet.—The numerous extensive pub- lic and private IniiMin^-s that have been erected in New York and the nei-hlioiint,' eiiies during the last ten years, have doncmuch towanis .advancing the marble and stone cutting inter- ests to the present prosperous condition. No better illustration of the facilities of this trade can be had than by reference to the Steam Marble Works of Mr. Terence Donahoe, centrally located at Nos. 541 and 543 West Twenty-second Street. This busi- ness was established September, 1855, by the present proprietor in Cherry Street, who eventually in 1881, owing to a steadily increas- ing trade, removed to his present commodious premises. The works are equipped with all the latest improved cutting and polish- ing machinery known to the trade. Fifteen experienced workmen are employed, and the machinery is driven by a fifty-horse-power steam-engine. The piMjducts of the house consist of all kinds of cut marble, a specialty being made of building and architectural work. Mr. Donahoe executed a large amount of work for the Mutual Life Building, General Post-office, Bristol Hotel, Morton House, Hoff- man House, and other noted buildings in the city and its vicinity. Mr. Donahoe was born in Ireland, but has resided in New York for the last 34 years. EL. HOLBROOK, Dealer in Antique Furniture, China, Curi- o.' ties. Bric-a-brac, Rare Books. Paintings, and Engravings, ^ No. 434 Sixth Avenue.— Mr. Holbrook has been established in this special business for many years, and has on exhibition and sale in his well-appointed store a very valuable collection of the most choice and rare articles of virtu and objets d'art, together with a variety of oddities for use and ornament of every description. This establishment is one of the foremost of its kind in New York, and Mr. Holbrook conducts it with marked ability. He is an un- doubted authority upon antique and rare articles and bric-a-brac generally, and is consulted and liberally patronized by many of our best citizens. He was born in .Massachusetts, but for many years has been a resident of New York, and liis extensive knowledge of books and their authors and of the antique in art has made him very popular. ROBERT B. NOONEY, Madison Market, No. 361 Fourth Ave- nue. — This widely known bouse dates its inception back to 1847, when it was founded by Mr. George Bathgate, who was succeeded in ia")0 by Messi-s. Mason & Fisher. In 18.55, the present proprietor, Sir. Robert B. Nooney, came into the control, and it is under his energetic and Uberal management that the market has gained its widespread popularity. Mr. Nooney, who is a native of New York, has had forty-four years' experience at his business, and his judgment in selecting the choicest stock has drawn to his counters the best class of customers. The spacious premises occupied com- prises a store 25x80 feet in dimensions, and admirably equipped throughout. A large stock is carried, consisting of the finest beef, Iamb, mutton, pork, veal, poidtry, game, fish, oysters, vegetables, and all goods in this line, which are received daily from the most re- Uable sources of supply. Although dealing only in the best of goods, the proprietor sells at the lowest prices. 128 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. EASTMAN & MASON, Manufacturers of the Eastman Globe Fuel, No. 100 Chambers Street.— During the past few years many devices have been placed upon the market for the utili- zation of kerosene oil as a fuel, during which time much thought has been expended upon the subject and many experiments made. Constant improvement in devices has been the result, but it has remained for the firm which is the subject of this sketch to realize the acme of practical perfection in this connection as exem- plified in the production of " The Eastman Globe Fuel." Wherever introduced tliis fuel is conceded to be su- perior to any other for the use of oil for heating or cooking purposes, and can be used with absolute safety in any ordinary cook-stove, range, heater, side grate, or heating stove. The great advantage the ''Globe Fuel " has over all other devices of a similar charac- ter consists in the fact that it is made on mechant cal principles, composed of one continuous piece- the perfect mechanical construction is such that all the gas of the oil is consumed. They can be kindled instantly at will and are always ready for use, are thoroughly durable, because there is nothing to get out of order, and no part of it can burn, melt, or wear out as in other devices, and will last for years, being one solid casting. The company also manufacture a kindler for family use to start fire without the use of kindlings, as well as a torch for starting hard or soft coal fires without' wood, and for miner's use and inspecting rail-road car-wheels at night. " The Eastman Globe Fuel" is sold with an attractively-painted can for holding the oil for absorption. Taken altogether it is destined to be the fuel of the future, and with all its many inestimable advantages over any other similar fuel, it is sold at as low a price as other inferior devices. The headquarters f oi this favorite fuel are at No. 100 Chambers Street, to which ad- dress all orders, or requests for further iafcrmation, should be sent. M ROW AN, Ice cream Depot, No. .334 Sixth Avenue.— Fevy among the many inviting and excellent estabhshments ^ devoted to the manufacture and sale of ice-cream and kindred toothsome products on Sixth Avenue have se- cured a more enduring hold on popular favor than the well-known and flourishing ice-cream depot and refreshment parlor of Mr. Row- an, de-irably situated at No. 334, between Twentieth and Twenty- first streets, and which for nearly twenty two years has been con- ducted with the most gratifying success. This neat and weU-ordered store was established in 1S66, by the present proprietor, and from the inception of the entei prise Mr. Rowan has enjoyed a large and flat- tering patronage. Making and handUng a pure and choice cla,ss of goods, and attentive and courteous to his customers, he has been en- abled to push his way to the prominence and prosperity he has de- servedly attained. The premises occupied for business purposes, comprise a neatly appointed and well kept 20x70 feet, saloon, and a basement of equal dimensions, used for manufacturing, while a heavy and Al stock is constantly carried, including wholesome and delicious ice-cream of every flavor, palatable ice-waters, toothsome confections, cake, and delicacies. Five polite and efficient assistants are employed while a delivery-wagon is in steady service supplying, customers, and the trade, wluch is both of a wholesale and retail character, is at once large, prosperous, and permanent. Mr. Rowan, who was born in Ireland, but has resided in New York since 18.51, is a gentleman in the full prime of life, of push and enterprise, and fuUy merits the unequivocal success that has attended his efforts. without nuts or bolts, and with no cheap wire to burn off after short usage. The packing-space for the indestructible material is nearly double that of any other device, sufficient to absorb a full pint of oil, thereby insuring a continuous fire for a full hour or more. Added to these material improvements and advantages over others is the posi- tive guarantee of absolutely no smell, smoke, or soot, which desidera- tum is only completely realized in " The Eastman Globe Fuel," and F& J. C. WOLF. Stained Glass, No. 80 University Place.— A well-known popular firm in the city making a specialty of ^ stained and mosaic leaded glass is that of F, & J. C. Wolf, who are located at No. 80 University Place. These gentle- men although young men have had a long practical experience, and during the time they have been associated as copartners have met with a substantial success. They originate and execute many- beautiful designs in stained glass, and enjoy a reputation for refined taste and artistic skill second to no other in the city: and as an evi- dence of the high character of their workmanship it is only neces- sary to state that the firm furnished the stained and mosaic glass ornamentation for the Sixty-sixth Street 1 Mission in this city and the First Presbyterian Church at Paterson, N. J.: the Society of Concord at Syracuse. N. Y.; Christ Church, at Buffalo, N. Y.: the Hamp- ton (Va ) Noi-mal School; East Orange Music Hall; the Executive Mansion at Albany: ex-Mayor Ryan's house at Syracuse, and the private man.sions of Henry Clews. H. S. Ives, C. Bliss. Eugene Kelly, jand many others. Messrs. F. & J. C Wolf have ample facili- ties for doing the best class of work, and are al- ways ready and prompt to furnish designs and make contracts for any kind of ornamental glass work in their line of business, and guarantee to execute all or- ders in the highest style of the art. Mr. Frederick and Mr. John C. Wolf are both native and lifelong residents of New York, and skilled, practical artists in stained and mosaic glass work. As they do only the finest kind of work, their services are always in demand, and their artistic designs for church buildings, halls, dwellings, etc., and beautiful workmaviship are highly appre- ciated by a discerning public, the many buildings, as above given, in which their designs are used, proving this. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. DD. OASSNER, Real Estate and Insurance, No. 130 East Tw elfth Sti eet.— The city of New York, with its large and valuable real-estate interest ami the constant changes and transfers of properties which are all the time going on, offers special advantages for the localization of expert and experienced operators. Prominent and popular among these we find a good representative man in the person of Mr. D. D. Gassner, who is well known a.s an ex- perienced agent. This gentleman was born in New York City at a point w^here the Brooklyn Bridge now approaches City Hall Park. At the age of fourteen he was put (n wurl; for a living for himself. Then finding his way into the dry ^imcls lui^iiin ss he remained therein most of his lifetime, being succi'ssi'. .'ly cli rk, bookkeeper, and pro- prietor. In 18") Mr. (ias>iii. i- . ni .Mi-lird himself in the insurance business, adding thereto I; ! ' i li Imsiness in 1879. Possessing by nature an active and i ti_ i i. Mr. Gassner is one of those men who can look after :\ n r'r»r." interests at one and the same time without allowing any one of them to sufler in the least, giving of last July, 1887, he and his amiable and excellent vrlfe, celebrated the 52d anniversary of their wedding. Mrs. Gas.sner was a Miss Mary P. Jessup, of Connecticut, and of an old and respected Puritan family. She has been totally blind for seventeen years. Mr. Ga.s8- ner is a descendant of the old New York Knickerbocker stock and a gentleman widely known. GW. GIANNINI, Engineers', Mill, and Brewers' Supplies, No. .503 West Forty-second Street.— As a trade-centre in all ths ^ world's sUjples, New York has no rivals on the continent and this creditable condition of things is due to a great ex- tent to the enterprise, energy, and intelligence of her prominent mer chants. Among them is to be noted Ilr. G. W. Giannini, a gentle- mf- who has within the brief period of a year built up a trade to most extensive proportions, and an enviable reputation for strictly honorable dealings on all occasions. Mr. Giannini is located in con- venient and suitable premises, that are appropriately fitted up and J1' The Park and City Hall to each its due share of attention In his pies.'iits tlie N()i't:i British and Mercantile Insurance Co. of London and K.iialmivli. an 1 the German- .\merican Insurance Co. of New Yuvk. 31r i;,is~ni r makes a special feature of the management of estates, and i'i-.mh Ins close attention to such interests and his general and iutinip'r knoH l, (l-e of values he is a first-class man in this de- partment. In conueetion with these interests he carries on an exten- sive coal trade, supplying the best quaUty of coal at the lowest mar- ket prices. In this latter, as well as in the other departments of his business, Mr. Gassner is heartily supixirted by a lai-ge ami excellent class of patronage. He is very wiMl knuwn and lnL.-i]|\ n .'ard' d in the vicinity in which he lives, and has the este. m and re-in ei .1 all ■who know him. Mr, Gassner is also jironnnently known as llie sec- retary of the Trow City Dii ectory Co., of New York. Jlr. (ia.ssner. though in his seventy third year, is a hale, active man, possessing all the energies of mind and body of a man of middle life. On the iGth equipped for the business, ard these are situated on the northwest corner of Tenth Avenue and Forty-second Street. Here he deals in engineers', mill, ami brewers' supphes of every description, including wrought iron pipe, fittings, valves, tools, belting, radiators, steam- gauges, shovels, hose, gaskets, waste, files, ash-cans, flre-pails, bar- rows, oakmn, lacmgs and packings of all kinds, grate-bars of all makes, machine oils, greases, etc. A specialty is made of the hand- ling of machine oils and greases. Mr. Giannini, although a young man, has had a long practical acquaintance with every detail of the ti ade. lie possesses every facihty for the transaction of his rapidly uidwinu' bnsiness, having the be.st of connections with manufacturers and many extensive consumers. Mr. Giannini is a native of this city, and !i ,\ oung business man of push and energy. He has received, as lie has merited, marked encouragement, and with the pos.le facilities for importing dii-.-ci fi-.,iu tin' most eminent houses of (Ger- many, France, and iMi-laud, Tlie aliiMiii..n of both amateurs and professionals, tea■■ile^^ stmlents, is directed to the splendid and comprehensive stork earned in his lar-e and handsome store, Mr. Kohsel carries not onlj' the best quality of everything required by the artist and the painter in oils, but also draughtsmen's supplies, mathematical instruments, wood, bronze, aud gold frames, etc. Tliis is headquarters for English, French, German, and American oil and water colors, Lacroix china colors, pastel crayons, tapestry liquids, canvases of all kinds, sketching paper, mill boards, Bristol board, tracing cloth or paper; complete outfits for outdoor sketch- ing; easels, chairs, and umbrellas; inks, pencils, brushes. T squares, etc. The " Palette" trade-mark is a sure guarantee of excellence. and so spoken of by the wide circle who buy here. Mr. Kohsel has developed a heavy trade with schools aud academies, and, offers special discounts on wholesale lots. In his picture-frame depart- ment he shows a very large collection of rich and elegant samples, and does a great deal of exhibition work. CLAIRMONT & CO., Opticians, No. 303 Fourth Avenue,— A lead- ing aud representative house in its special line of trade is that of Clairmont & Co , the popular and enterprising opticians of No, 303 Fourth Avenue, Northeast Corner of Twenty -third Street. The business was originally established in 1885 by the Clairmont Brothers, and as such was successfully conducted till 1887, when the firm-name was changed to the above style. It is the leading establishment iu this section of the city for optical goods of all descriptions, and consequently the trade is large and permanent. Special attention is given to the prescriptions of oculists, and glasses are made to suit the eyes of all at moderate charges. The premises occupied comprise a fine store 27x75 feet in dimensions, elegant in all its appointments and fixtures, and the fine stock is arranged in an attractive and judicious manner. The assortment of optical goods is very large and comprehensive, embracing spectacles and eye, glasses in gold, silver, skeleton, celluloid, nickel, zylonite, steel, shell, and rubber, together with magnifying-glasses, lenses, telescopes, opera-glasses— in short, every description of articles pertaining to this business. Anything in this line is manufactured to order, and repairing of all kinds is executed at short notice, on moderate terms, and in a scientific and skilful manner. A staff of thoroughly competent assistants aid Mr. Clairmont in the conduct of the busi- ness, and all goods purchased here may be relied on, for they are warranted to be exactly as represented. Mr. Clairmont is a native of this city, is young, enterprising, and thoroughly conversant with every detail of his business, and is commended and indorsed by the most skilful oculists in the city. A feature of this concern is Clair- mont's system of test-types, by which persons residing out of town, desiring glasses, in ordinary cases of early failure of eyesight, can select their own glasses accurately, copies of which are mailed free upon request, DH. ANDERSON, Photographer, No. 785 Broadway.— There is perhaps no art which has made such rapid strides in so short a ^ time as the art of photography, or making picttu-es by means of sunlight; and the time is not far distant when landscapes will be produced by means of photography in their natural colors, thus combining truth, art, and nature. Perhaps the most won- derful discovery in photography is being able to obtain a well-de- fined picture of a railway train going at the rate of sixty miles an hour, and also all the paces of the trotting-horse, by means of the dry-plate process, the exposure being made with an instantaneous shutter. There is no one in the photographic world who deserves more creditthan Mr. D, H, Anderson, of No. 785 Broadway, New York. For the past thirty years he has done much in helping to bring the pho- tographic art to its present perfection. Mr. Anderson has had l aried experiences in different cities in this country, and has travelled over the Old World in search of artistic knowledge. Mr. Anderson's latest triumph is the j>roduction of the largest photograph ever attempted by any photographer of the persent day. It consists of the Seventh Hegiment of New York, and contains eight himdred flgiu-es. each one being a faithful likeness. The picture is 11x14 feet. This niar- vi-llous iihotograph Mr. Anderson is onl.v too pleased to show to any one desirous of seeing it, free of any charge, and also many other composition pictures. Mr. Anderson has gained quite a repu- tation for his instantaneous photographs of children, which can he caii.udit in the tenth part of a second, with the most pleasing result to the parents generally. Mr. Anderson also makes a study of the higher branches of art, and employs the best artists he can obtain for the production of oil-paintings from life, miniatures on ivory, crayon drawings, pastels, etc.. down to the smallest locket-picture. Mr. Anderson personally superintends all work made in his studios, and no pains are spared to please the customer. Mr. Anderson guarantees all work, and with his years of experience and artistic knowledge and moderate prices he cannot fail to satisfy the tastes of the public generally. Mr. Anderson was born in New York, is a veteran fireman, and recently made the trip to San Francisco with the 'Veteran Firemen's excur.sion, and since his return is now work- ing on a large composition picture, representing the old Fire Veter- ans as they marched down Broadway. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 131 HENBY LEIDEL, Importer and Manufacturer of Artists' Jla- terials, No.s. 3,3;) ami ;iU Fourtli Avenue; Factory, No. lUO East Twentj'-fiftli Slroct.— Few departments of industrial activity in New York liavi- attained greater perfection or a more deserved reputation tlian ihal ot I tie manufacture and importa- tion of artists' materials and oilier nquisites. Prominent among the representative and reliable houses in' this trade is tifat of Mr. Henry Leidel, whose office and salesroom are locatiid at Nos. 33!) and 311 Fourth Avenue. The factory of the house is at No. 100 East Twenty-fifth Street. Tliis business wiis established in |S:,!l l,y Mr. Leidel, who has always eiijoye.! -.i liberal ami iiitlumliai ]ial i onise. The premises occupied are spaeidiis and cc>niiiHMli..us, ami an- fully Stocked with a splendid assorliiu.'iit of artists' materials tor oil, water, china, pastel, lustra, and tapestry color painting; bolting cloth and chromo-photography painting; modelling, etching and repousse work; crayon, charcoal, and mathematical drawing; jjlaster casts, etc. Mr. Leidel likewise keeps constantly in stock studies for drawing and painting, art hand-books, etc., which are offered to customers at very reasonable prices. His artists' colors are warranted to be equal to the best imported, being the best European dry colors obtainable, ground with the greatest care upon the best mills, and their constantly increasing sale and demand fully justify this assertion. The brushes of the house are the best made in Germany, which is, as is well known, the brush market of the whole world. The Dresden pastel colors, for which Mr. Leidel is the manufacturers' agent, and which he introduced into the United States, are acknowledged by all the leading artists to be the finest made. His mathematical instruments and other specialties are the best goods of the kind, and the prices quoted for them necessarily attract the attention of close and prudent buyers. Mr. Leidel was born in Germany, but has resided in New York for the last thirty -seven years, and is an enterprising business man. He pubUshes a very superior illustrated catalogue, which is for- warded promptl.y upon application. From its earliest establishment this responsible house has been a favorite source of supply for artists' materials of all kinds, and those forming business relations with it will obtain such advantages as can with difficulty be dupUcated elsewhere. HUDDERSFIELD RUBBER CO. (Limited), Manufacturers of _ Tailor-made Water-proof Coats and Cloaks, No. 779 Broad- way. — An establishment founded this year that well merits consideration is that of the Huddersfield Rubber Co. (Lim- ited), located at No. 779 Broadway. This company are general manufacturers of tailor-made water-proof coats and cloaks, and also dealers in rubber goods of every description. The coats and cloaks are made after the most improved methods, and are unrivalled by any similar goods now in the market for uniform reliability, utility, and comfort in wearing. They are furnished in any size at the most reasonable figures, and ai« guaranteed in every case to be exactly as represented. The spacious store occupied at the above address is conveniently and neatly fitted up, and contains a large, complete stock of rubber goods of every di-seription in a great variety of use- ful articles, including patent tle.-,li ami nail brushes, and which are offered to the public at the lowest prices for cash. An active, pros- perous trade is enjoyed, both a wholesale and retail demand from the city and its vicinity being supplied, and the sales are steadily showing a gratifying increase. The members of the company, Jlessrs. G. B. Widner and G. De Gray, both of whom are natives of New York, are thoroui;lil.v experienced in their vocation, and, being energetic, pushini^ Imsinr-.^ men, honorable in all their methods, their continued success is w ell assured. AW. SEE & CO., Manufacturers of Fine Gold Foil, Gold Pel- lets, etc., Dental Depot, No. 1288' Broadway.— To supply , the modem dental practitioner with all the varied appli- ances and materials necessary for the successful pursuit of his profession has become an important industry in the United States. A prominent and reliable house in New York in this line is that of A. W. See & Co., whose salesroom is centrally located at No. 1288 Broadway. Messrs. A. W. See & Co. established this busi- ness in January, 188G, since which period they have secured a liberal and influential patronage from the leading dentists in this city and Brooklyn, as well as in other sections of the country. Messrs. See & Co. make a specialty of fine gold foil, gold pellets, gold plate, and solders, and all standard filling materials, etc., and are sole agents in New York for Johnson & Lund's famous teeth, which are unexcelled for strength and beauty. They likewise keep in slock in their dental depot all kinds of dental supplies and materials, which are offered to customers and the profession at mod- erate prices. All dental supplies purchased from them are un- rivalled for quality, reliability, and uniform excellence, and have no superiors in this or any other market. Those interested requiring their specialties and other dental materials should make a factor of this responsible house, which offers advantages in goods and prices very difficult to be secured elsewhere. HERMAN F. BINDSEIL, Manufacturer of Fuie Furs, No. 1151 Broadway, opposite Victoria Hotel.— The keen, intelligent public of New York and adjoining cities is quick to perceive and prompt to patronize that tradesman who, by the exercise of skilled experience, sound jmlKim nl, and imtiring industry, facili- tates the securing of the choicest lionestly-made goods at the lowest prices. In the front rank of manufacturing furriers is Mr. Herman F. Bindseil, and to whom the above remarks strictly apply. His has been and is a success achieved in the face of extreme competition, and one all the more creditalile herause, in every case, for every gar- ment turned out the public has tlie full worth of its money. Mr. Bindseil is very close to an Aiiierieaii-boi n citizen, for he was but one and a half years old when his tatlK'r came to jVmerica, and on attain- ing a suitable age learned practically every detail of the trade of the manufacturing furrier. He early manifested that spirit of push and self-reUance that goes far to sustain true progress; and in brief let us add, that though still a young man, he is old-established in business, having embarked upon his own account thirteen years ago, and dur- ing the intervening period has developed both a wholesale and retail trade of great magnitude. Mr. Bindseil manifests sound judgment as to location. He does not hide away his splendid stock of sealskin garments in dirty back streets, where people who wear such costly robes will not venture; but has solved the problem by getting the whole building except the ground floor of No. ll.'il Broadway, abso- lutely central, and convenient alike to the ('lite of the city and hotel sojourners. The results are what would be expected. Mr. Bindseil is fast controlling the best American trade in fine furs. He manu- factures on an extensive scale on the third floor, eini-ldvintc ujiwards of twenty skilled hands, and personally supervising' tln ir u . .rk. As he selects his skins with the utmost care, the result is iliat tli.^ pnljlic can always get the finest sealskin jackets, dohnans, jiali iots. ( te . in his showrooms, quoted at prices which cannot be dupliealeil else- where. Making a specialty of the richest seal garments in all stand- ard lengths, we cordially recommend the public to inspect the splendid stock and get quotations before going elsewliere. Tlie elaborate finish, the perfect cut and symmeti-y of all Mr. lihiil-i il s work have become justly celebrated. Merit teUs, and he is insiuivd with the determination to excel, and give the best value of any mauufactiu-ing furrier in America. WK. H.\MMOND, Manufaeturers' Au-etit for il„. s,,l.. ,,f all kinds of Building Brick, X,.. \ w I hini- :!, Si; , , ( _ ^ At the present day the inaiiiira<-i in. i-,' a :i! i.i-,-n| .ics an important position in cinnn.-iv ial ,nl,ur~ This lur.aiis of sale, the conneetni- linlc iH-iw.rn ta.- m iiin!- ,,■ m-.r .,,<■] buyer, is becoming daily 111. 'le aiul inor.- ilh' ..rl. i ;in.l m !, i.! .if trade, and at the present day the li. st m..1s an.l m au rials ni t\iv I'lnled States are controlled bytli.'sr h1i.> are Irclnm'ally called manufacturers' agents. Promineni a ni,' ihc nniiil..!- thus referred to in New York isMr. W. K. Hainim.n.l. inannl' i.-nn , r ;' n-. iit for the sale of aU kinds of ImiMin- lirick, uhnsr , : : i ' ■ ! at No. C24 West Tliirtieih Sir.-el Mr. Ilamnion.i i is business in 1875, sinee wiiieli period he has ..htaiii i ; . > a iitial, and perma- nent patronage in all sections ol' thr rnite.l States and Canada. He represents in New York several of the leading and most reliable niaiiufaettirers of building briek in this country, and can always quote satisfactory iiri. i s foi- < ar load or cargo lots, shipments being made direct from th ' w il s • . buyei-s. Sir. Hammond likewise makes a specially ol . Ii ii ic nn;,' light-draft vessels, so that cus- tomers on the .seaboard can have the advantage of the lowest pos- sible rates for the transportation of bricks, etc., bought from this responsible house. Mr. Hammond is nn active member of the Building Material Exchange. He is a native of New York. His pros- pects in the near future as a ninnufacturers' agent are of the most encouraging and favorable character. 132 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. KOESTER & SIEVERS, Photographs, No. 279 Sixth Avenue.— A representative and eminently popular uptown establish- ment in its particular branch of professional industry is that of Messrs. Koester & Sievers, proprietors of the pho- tographic enterprise at No. ~'T9 Sixth Avenue. This gallt-]-y was originally established in 18r:.\ and has been under the present pro- prietorship since earlj- in 1887. The commodious and well-arranged premises are elegantly furnished, and the operating department is supplied with the newest and best improved photographic methods and appliances. Everything pertaining to modern portraiture is executed in the highest degree of artistic and mechanical excel- lence; and the patronage of the establishment is drawn from the best custom of the vicinity. They make a specialty of the instantaneous process— which process is most true to nature of any other late improvement in photography. Mr. E. C. Koester is a native of Germany, and an artist of seventeen years' experience, having been with the famous house of Sarony & Co. for ten years, and with Mareno & Lopez for several years. Mr. Geo. C. Sievers was born in South America, where he acquired his profession six years ago, and has been in this city since 1882, and was formerly with Blareno & Lopez. These gentlemen succeeded in the early part of the present year to an old-established business, which under their able and popular management has already been materially de- veloped. JOHN B. HAYGOONI, Constantinople Bazaar, Direct Importer of Oriental Rugs, Portieres, etc., No. l.j.34 Broadway — This enter- prise was opened on September 1, 1887, by Mr. John B. Hay- gooni. This gentleman is a native of Turkey, and first came to the United States eleven years ago, and has since been duly naturalized as an American citizen. He went to Constantmople, and while there purchased a very handsome line of Oriental goods, which are replete with curious and artistic interest. The assortment com- prises Tui'kish, Persian, Daghistan and other rugs, both antique and modern, in various sizes, all wool, hand-embroidered Cappadocian, Persian calico, silk kuz kilini and other portieres, embroideries of all kinds, including antique and modern towels and tidies, doylies, lam- brequins, panels, aprons, table and pillow covers, ladies and chil- dren's slippers, bags, gentlemen's smoking caps and children's fancy cap^. belts, etc , on velvet, satin, broadcloth and linen. A superior lot of pottery embracing Turkish mosques, pitchers, bowls, Turkish coffee-cups with saucers and znv/s. jugs, pipes, waiters, etc., wrought with silver and gold ; Roman, Byzantine, and Arabian coins, ancient, and Turkish and Grecian coins, modei u. in gold, silver and copper, including " widow's mites;" bracelets, silver ai ticles, brooches, belts, umbrella and cane handles, sleeve-buttons, salt-cellars, silver-cased knives, etc.; brass articles in Damascus plaques, Turkish inkstands, lanterns, censers, coffee-pots, zarfs, etc. ; wooden articles, also Turk- ish ladies' hats and dresses, attar of roses, Jerusalem beads, Ma- hommedan's shoes and nalluns, Greek costumes, nargiles, etc. These goods are guaranteed to be genuine Oriental goods, exactly as represented, and are offered for sale at the most reasonable prices. Samples are sent to houses, if desired. Mr. Haygooni carries on both a wholesale and retail trade. OTTO BURKART, Importing Tailor, No. 41.5 Fourth Avenue, between Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Streets.— The tail- oring trade is necessarily an important one, and a prominent and leading artist in this trade is Mr. Otto Burkart, who is not only an authority on styles and fashions, but occupies the posi tion of originating new styles in gentlemen's garments. Mr. Burk- art founded his business in 186G, and since that period has earned an enviable reputation which has been the direct result of the su- periority and artistic style and cut of the various garments made at his establishment. Mr. Burkart is not a mere figurehead, but a most active man in the business, on which he brings to liear a practical experience of thirty years. The store has an area of :2.'i.\7.j feet, is elegantly furnished and equipped with every appliance and con- venience for the accommodation of the splendid stock and the comfort of jiatrons. The stock embraces fresh importations of the newest fabrics in broadcloths, suitings, etc., and these are displayed in such profusion as to afford the fullest choice, even to the most fastidious. The facilities of the house for the fulfilment of orders are absolutely unexcelled, and include a large corps of able work- men, whose operations are all conducted under the supervision of Mr. Burkart, who guarantees every garment to be stylish in out. perfect in fit, and of the best workmanship. He is a native of Ger- many, has resided in this city since 1865, and is an honored member of the Masonic order. WKNOWLTON, Photographer, No. 335 Fourth Avenue.— The many improvements that have been made in pho- ^ tography, and the avidity with which the new processes and methods have been adopted by those engaged in the profession, are at once an evidence of the spu-it of enterprise which distinguishes the representatives of the art. Among those who are familiar with all the details of the business and the advances that have been made there are probably none more practically proficient than Mr. W. Knowlton, whose experience as photo artist extends over thirty yeai-s. He executes strictly first-class work, beautifully finished in crayon, oil, pastel, India ink or water-colors; and also copies and enlarges pictures. He has also a special department for doing all kinds of interiors architectural and landscape work of all descriptions. The reception-rooms ai'e 2,5x75 feet in size, ele- gantly fm-nished. and the operating-rooms adjoining on same floor are provided with all the requisite apparatus and appliances, in- cluding backgrounds for giving effect to pictures. A safe steam elevator takes his patrons to the gallery, saving the fatigue of chmb- ing stairs. As a portrait artist Mr. Knowlton is not surpassed, all his work showing at once the master-hand of the thorough artist; the pose is easy and graceful, and the likeness showing harmony in composition and truth in outlines. In his artistic work Mr. Knowl- ton omits nothing, not even the smallest detail, and the result is a portrait of artistic excellence. Bom at Ashfield, Mass., Mr. Knowl- ton has for many years continued successfully in business in Brook- lyn and this city, and has become well known as an artist exercising care and judgment in all his beautiful work. He is one of the oldest among the popiilar photographers in New York, and is in the full en- joyment of a first-class, fastidious patronage derived from the elite classes of the commimity. DE CAPO CIGAR FACTORY. Jacoby & Bookman, No. m East Thirty-eighth Street.— The manufacture of cigars has long coustituted an important factor of metropolitan com- merce, giving employment to vast capital and much skilled labor. Among the old-established and representative houses engaged in this department of industry is that of Messrs. Jacoby & Book- man, propi ietors of the " De Capo Cigar Factory," at No. 342 East Thirty-eiglitli Street. The extensive business conducted under this hfading was originally established by Mr. M. Jacoby in 1866. In 1880 the firm of Jacoby & Fromer was formed, and in this style the busi- ness was continued until isso, when Mr. Fromer retired, and was succeeded by Mr. S. Bookman, under the present title. The factory is a fine five-storied brick structure 30xl7-.J feet in surface dimensions. The premises are admirably arranged and supplied with all the mod- ern conveniences and facilities. Three hundred experienced cigar- makers are employed, and 10,000,000 cigars are manufactured per annum. The goods turned out have an old-established reputation for superior excellence in the trade, and command an extensive and lucrative market. Messrs. Jacoby and Bookman are thorough-going, enei getic business men, long numbered among New York's represen- tative and most highly respected merchants in the cigar trade. ISAAC I. STILLIXGS. Importer and Manufacturer of Fine Sad- dlery, No. 1566 Broadway.— A widely known and representative house is that of Mr. Isaac I. Stillings, importer and manufac- turer of fine saddlery, which was established forty years ago by Mr. Stillings. who has since built up a liberal, influential, and permanent patronage in New York and the neighboring cities. He is noted for manufacturing the finest class of hand-made work only, and possesses every facility for the prompt filling of all orders at extremely low prices. His establishment is finely fitted up, and is fully stocked with a superior assortment of fine hand-made coach and road harness, bridles and saddles (for ladies and gentlemen), blankets, robes of all descriptions, whips, and a general stock of choice saddlery goods. Mr. Stillings employs sixteen skilful and able workmen, and gives close personal attention to the filling of all orders, ever maintaining the highest standard of excellence He is a native of Baltimore, Md.. and is a skilful trade.sman and an enter- jirising business man. Those requiring the finest and most reliable harness and saddlery in the market should make a factor of this responsible house. THE MHTROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 133 ClIAKLKS MOnxiNGSTAR & CO.. ( •-nuiiissi..., Merchants and WlK.U'salr Dr .kTS in Starch, No. is T.irk I'lu. r; liostou Office, N-„. llio Jlilk Slrccl.-Th.- ol,l-.'sl,.l,l.s 1 In.usr „f Clmrlcs iMoruiugstar & Co. is one lias cmt cxi ri-is.d a salutary in- fluence in the wholesale Irade in sl.in-li, -unis, and arnlnie (M.l.irs. .and is the leadinj? repre!5"ntalive enKa-e.l in handlin- and nianiihu-l urnij; the highest qualities f floods oilei ed lo the i.uhlie. Tlie bu.si- ness was established by the late .Mr. diaries M..rniii,L;star m im, who early achieved an enviable re|)iitati. The salesroom, 40xls!5 feet in dimensions, is supplied with all the modern conveniences and t ai'ilii ies for the advantageous handling and display of stock, and the superior assortment of goods displayed comprises everything in the line ol line slippers and shoes for children and adults of both sexes in the latest styles and best grades. The stock earried and perfect in convenience of arrangement for the proper prosecution of the business. A force of twenty-fire hands look after the comfort and wants of the stock. A comjilete anil di sii-.-ible line of fine equipages are kept for hire, and are iiir ii-In d f.n- all cii ea-ions where they may be required, for busi- ness < a- jileasnre, for wi'ddiiiijs. balls, the theatre and entertainments throui;hout tlie city. It iii ing a rule of the house to meet every caU by telephone, or otherwise, promptly, patrons are a.ssured of satis- factorj' treatment, while the prices charged are invariably fair and reasonable. In addition to his large livery business, .^Ir. Ferguson gives special attention to boarding hoi-ses. and is enabled, by reason of his fine faciliti s, to giinrantees satisfaction in all cases. Mr. Fer- on is a recognized authority upon the care and treatmentof horses. 134 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. THOKLVS E. TRIPLER, Dealer in all lands of Second hand Building Material; Yards and Office, Avenue B, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets — An old-estabhshed and reliable house in New York engaged in the sale of second-hand building materials Is that of Mr. Thomas E. Tripler. whose office and yards are eligibly located on Avenue B, Seventeenth and Eighteenth streets. This business was established in lS3.j by S, H. Bessey, and was con- ducted by him till 1Sj5, wli.'U 5Ir. Tripler succeeded to the manage- ment. The yards are spacious and convenient, and are fully sup- plied with every facility for -the accommodation of any amount of second-hand building materials. Mr. Tripler removes the largest buildings on short notice, and often employs three hundred workmen. The following buildings were purchased by Mr. Tripler and quickly removed, viz.: St. Nicholas Hotel; Booth's Theatre; Metropolitan Theatre; Produce Exchange; Theatre Comique; Washington Hotel; Old Post-office, etc , and a number of other famous structures in New York and its vicinity. Mr Tripler keeps constantly on hand an ex- tensive stock of building materials which are almost as good as new; these are offered to customers at exceedingly low prices. He emt)loy^ twenty trucks, and his trade e5:<:c-:': '.L. ^.u^uout all sections of the country, uir. Tripler was bom in New York, and is highly esteemed in business circles for his energy, industry, and integi-ity. Those re- quiring second hand building materials, or desirous of selling build- ings, should make a factor of this responsible house, which offers advantages in prices very difficult to be duplicated elsewhere. FRANK MILEER & SONS, Manufacturers of Blacking. Shoe and ■ Hai;ness Dressings, Harness Oil and Soap, Nos. 349 and 3.")! West Twenty-sixth Street — Among the manufacturers of specialties peculiar to their own establishments in the metrop- olis are Messrs. Frank Miller & Sons, manufacturers of blacking, dressings, inks, harness oils and soaps, etc., of Nos. 3+9 and 3.51 West Twenty-sixth street. This is an old-established and one of the best known concerns in its line in the city. The house dates its origin back to 183S, when it was foimded under the firm-style of Frank Miller & Co. In 1871 this style was changed to Frank Miller & Sons, and the sons, who are now the proprietors, are Messrs. Edwin A., James L., and Frank C. MiUer. The premises occupied consist of a four- story brick building, .50x100 feet in dimensions, and these are fitted up ■with aU necessary machinery, which is operated by a steam-engine of 30 and a steam-boOer of 40 horse-ijower. Here the firm manufac- ture extensively unproved Freuch blacking. Peerless blacking. Crown shoe-dressing, harness-oil, harness-soap, harness-dressing; also inks and dressings for harness, collar, and boot and shoe manufacturers. Seventy -five hands are employed, and the business conducted is one of vast volume. The products of the concern are shipped to not only every part of the Union, but to every section of the civilized globe. The firm have a European office at Tower Chambers, Moorgate, London, through which suppUes are furnished to dealers in all parts of Europe. Some time ago the firm purchased at Binghamton, N. Y., a factory belonging to the Rogers Manufacturing Company, and here they carry on a vast business as manufacturers of bluing, which, owing to its excellent quality, is now In great demand by dealers and consumers everywhere. The members of the firm are all natives of New York State, and they are all men of business activity, energy, and enter- l^rise. SP. JAYNE & CO., Real Estate and Insurance, No. 273 West Twenty-third Street and No. 59 Liberty Street (" Real Estate Exchange and Auction Room Building"). — One of the old- established and most widely-known real-estate firms in New York is that of Messrs. S. F. Jayne & Co., of No. 273 West Twenty- third Street. The late Mr. J. Denham, a prominent owner of and operator in realty upwards of forty years ago, founded this business in 1845, under the style of J. Denham & Co. Mr. S. F. Jayne suc- ceeded to the proprietorship, and likewise took chargi^ of tlie Den- ham Estate, administering its affairs. In 1S80 he took Mr. A. M. Cudner into copartnership, imder the existing firm-name. As thus constituted the firm is to-day one of the best qualified and expe- rienced for the carrying on of every department of the business. Their main offices are central to the most popular residential and business sections of the city, while their intimate and accurate knowledge of v.-ilues, character of neighborhoods, prospective im- provements, commend them to conservative investors. Their con- nections are of the most influential and widespread character. Messrs. Jajme & Co. are among tlie best known and most popular brokers and agents on the west side. Both Mi-. Jayne and Mr. Cudner are members of tlie Real Estate Exchange and transact much busi- ness on its floor, to facilitate same, and convenience their numerous customers, having an office directly in the Exchange Building, No. 59 Liberty Street. None have done more to advance the best inter- ests of the Exchange. This firm especially excels in judicious and economical management of estates, for which they have unusual fa- cility. NIPPON JIERCANTILE CO., Importers of Japanese Goods; Torao Takeno, Manager, No. 47 Barclay Street.— Tlie grow- ing demand throughout the United States for the medium grades of the beautiful Japanese goods is most thoroughly met by the famous Nippon Jlercantile Company, of No. 47 Barclay Street. This is essentially the outcome of the Japanese spirit of en- terprise, so proverbial and which renders them the equal of Ameri- cans in all branches of trade and commerce. The gentleman at the head of this important enterorise is Yuk-jro Niwa, a prominent mer- chant, resident in Japan, and recognized as one of the foremost business men of the country and who upwards of eighteen years ago began the trade with the United States in the beautiful and useful goods of his native land. The demand steadily grew, and about a dozen years ago he opened the fii-st New York house in Fulton Street, and moved to No. 310 Broadway, and there remained until May 1st of the present year, when he removed to the present ad- dress. The business is now under the able management of l\Ir. Torao Takeno, a gentleman possessed of the widest range of practical experience, and whose intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade and the public at large has become generally re- cognized. Both as regards facilities and connections the company holds the leading position in the trade, and is one of the heaviest di- rect importers of all descriptions of Japanese goods. Mr. Torao Takeno has. since his first establishing here in 1881, become noted for his mercantile skill and abilities. Mr. Niwa has been in England for several jears. He went back to Japan, and was appointed to a high office in the navy, where he remained a few years, when he resigned his position and started in this business. In the large Barclay Street store are to be found the best collection of fine por- celains and ceramics in town, selected with the greatest care and most beautiful in shades, patterns, and general outlines. The prices are remarkably low, placing the goods within the reach of all. Japan- ese tea- and dinner-sets, lacquer wares, fans in vast variety, silks_ f tc, mattings, screens, etc., are all charmingly attractive, and from the wide variety in stock every buj'er can be suited both at whole- sale and retail. Mr. Takeno employs a number of clerks and sales- men, and is prepared to promptly fill tlie largest orders, and we strongly recommend the pulilic to call in and inspect the large mag- nificent stock here so attra3tively displayed. Dealers in Japanese goods can find better bargains here than anywhere else in town, and the steady growth indicates how satisfactorily the company is catering to the wants of the community. HENRY FERRIS' SON, Brewer of Fine Canada Malt Ales and Porter, Nos. 249 and 251 Tenth Avenue.— Prominent among the old-estabhshed and ever popular brewing concerns of to-day is that so successfully conducted by Henry Ferris' Son. This enterprise was founded in 1857 by Mr. Henry Ferris, and in 1886 the present proprietor, Mr. Charles W. Ferris, who had been connected with the business as partner for a number of years, became sole owner, conducting the business under the present name and style. His brewery is a four-story brick building, 40x100 feet in dimensions, provided with aU the latest improvements in brewing appUances, in troduced at great expense, and operated by a seventy-five horse- power steam-boiler. The brewery has a capacity of forty thousand barrels per year, and is supplied with spring water in abtmdance, of excellent quality for brewing piu-poses, the purity of which is vmsur- passed, enabling the proprietor, with the use of the choicest Canada malt and hops, to maintain the high prestige long ago secured by this house for producing fine ales and porter that challenge com- parison with the products of other breweries in any part of the country. A heavy and constant demand throughout New York, New England, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania is supphed. A force of thirty skilled and experienced hands is employed, and promptness, reha- bUity, and fair prices form the principles on which the business is conducted. Mr. Ferris is a native of New Jersey, and has been trained in the business in which he is engaged. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 135 FRANCIS S. GRAY, Real Estate, No. l-'Oj Broadway.— One aiiiniit,' the oldest established real estate offices in the city is tluit comluoted by Francis 3. Gray at No. 1295 Broadway. Mr. Gray has continued in ii sincf ISTl. and has been promi- nently identified with many of tl p, tmiiohs iliat have been going on in that time. He was formn l\ a in. inli.T of tlie firm of Hine & Gray, but siiu'.- l^M li- has , ,liu-i,.d tli.- I nisinrss on lii- o« u ac- count, ami ninnl.rr. hm.miu- in-, rlinit.' many ..f ih.' I.m.Imi- repre- sentative rili/iiis an. I . ■, 1 1 1 , 1 : i i i^i ^ M r. ( I ra\' al u a \ s ha^ -i.-M-ial in- dncenienl- lo .iir.r niNrsim-, i,i ImiMinL--. ,1 » • ■! I n i . ;. n> i la n. I • m 1 he city au.l \ (.■irnlw ana al-.i ni:iM\ \ alnalilr an.l - ;i I i 1 M -s to let on nM-.aial.ln l.aans. He also lak.-s tin- n, a, a . ^a. nl of firmly cstablislied, and lie can b,. relied on witli iniplaal eonn.i. r.e.- in all bnsiness oiierations. He is a native of N.-w \ oi l; eny. having,' lived in the city nearly all his life, and is well and lavural)]y kn..wn in the connnunity. He is a prominent member of the New Yorlc Keal Estate Exehanfce, and has established that degree of confidence which correct bnsiness principles alone can secure. GURNEY'S E.\ri;ESS, STORAGE AND FURNITURE TRANS- FORT.VTION CO.; Warehouses, No. 465 Fourth Avenue, No. 421 East Twelfth Street: Main OflBce, No. 403 Fourth Aveinie; E. H. Gurney, Proprietor.— Prominent among the most active and reliable concerns engaged in the express business in New York is Gurney's Storage and Furniture Transportation Co , of which Mr. E. H. Guruey is the popnl .r proprietor. The warehouses of this responsible establishment are situated at No. 465 Fourth Avenue and No. 421 East Twelfth Street. The main office is at No. 465 Fourth Avenue. This bnsiness was established in 1878 by Mr. Gurney, who previously, however, had been engaged with Morrell & Co., storage warehouses. Mr. Gurney transfers baggage to and from any part of the city below Eighty-si.xth Street for 25 cents per trunk, also to Jersey City, Brooklyn, and Harlem. One piece .50 cents, two SO cents, three $1, each additional 25 cents. He likewise employs large vans and experienced men for removals, city or country, and makes a specialty of packing furniture, china, pictures, and works of art. In his warehouses, which contain one hundred rooms, trunks are stored for one cent per day. while furniture is taken and charged according to space. In the warehouses are separate rooms, which are let at from $2 to $20 per mouth. From the start, Mr. Gurney developed a large and permanent trade, his exiaess earning for itself the title of being one of the most reliable and trustworthy in New York. As a furniture-mover he hasachieved an extended reputation for having the finest covered vans, and hand- ling household effects with skill and care, while his charges for all kinds of work are extremely moderate. 31r. Gurney was born and raised in Warren County. N. Y.,but has resided in the metropolis for the last eighteen years. True merit always tells. Such has been the case with Gurney's Express Storage and Transportation Co., and the public can always rely on obtaining greater advantages and increased ■security from this responsible house, at more reasonable charges than ■can be secured elsewhere. WOODS, LOWRY & CO., Importers of Woollens, Xos. S2T and 829 Broadway.— An old-established and representative house actively engaged in the importation of the finest foreign woollens is that of Messrs. Woods, Lowry & Co., •who have also an establishment in London, England, at No. 10 Old Bond Street. This business was established in 1832 by Messrs. Woods & Lo-n-ry, who were succeeded in 1809 by Messrs. Woods, Lowry & Co. In 1879 Mr. James H. Woods, one of the founders, retired after an honorable and successful career, and be- came a special partner. The present active partners, Messrs. John Lowry and John W. Woolley, have had great experience in hand- ling foreign woollen goods, and at the s.-une time po.ssess an intimate knowledge ot the requirements of the American market. This firm is one of the most extensive importing houses in New York, and possesses every facility for keeping itself en rapport witli the most famous European manufacturers, always being the first to secure the choicest and finest woollen fabrics of British looms. The prem- ises occupied comprise three spacious and well-equipped floors. The stock is complete and embraces a splendid selection of all kinds of woollens and suitings, which are unrivalled for quality, finish, beauty, and uniform excellence by those of any other first-class house in this country or Europe. The trade is wholesale and ex tends throughout all sections of the United States, while the prices quoted necessarily attract the attention of close and prudent buy- ers. Mr. Lowry is a native of New York, while Mr. Woolley was born in New Jer.sey. Both gentlemen during their active career have won a measure of popularity, confidence, and respect second to no other members of comjnei cial circles. DESSART BROTHERS, Manufacturers and Importers of Masks, etc., etc., at wholesale. No. 110 Chambers Street.— Among the well known business houses in the city that of the Dessart Bros., importers and manufac- turers of masks, occupy a prominent l>osition, II has been estabUshed the jiasi |..M-lvo y. ars, and is one of the lara.st an.l nh.st prominent in its special liia' of business in the city Every faciUty is at hand for business purposes, the premises having an area of 20x70 feet; and a general line of sill,-, c.ifloii. w in-, paiii.a- mache full an. I half nia-K s. aNo i heatrical, mas- querade, and sorioi N hair goods, wigs, beards, etc., etc., of every kind and description, is constantly kept on sale to supply the demands of the trade, which comes from all the leading business centres throughout the country. Mr. Charles H. and Mr. Victor E. Dessart are the copartners, the former having and have resided u ■u l iorn m France and the latter in this country, rly all their fives in New York. CKEKMAN- Twenty-lii nent pla .11,- th.- Ko. 531 West devoted to .lis. and one . that con W. first Str.-.-t, Mr. .\ckerman ol■i,^■ina lly r..iiia!i'.l liis .an- ISli). on Ilii.ls.ai Street, and eon.ln.a.-il it wah rlv li.-st . until ISa;. wh.ai he retired to be siie.-.'.'il.'il l.y Ins son, Ackermaii. The latter continue. 1 the in.lustiy until the present year, when his lamented death occurreil, and his father a.^rain assumed the helm of management. The premises occupied, which were taken ]iossession of in ISsi;. roiiiiiris.- a si.a.^i.ais huil.iiiig having three floors, 2.5x80 feet eacli in .liiiieiisions. an.l .-.[iiipiied throughout in the most approve.l inaiin. a f. .r ail I la- re.iiiir.-iiients of the business, ami empl.-yment is alT. .r.l.-.l a force of skilled workmen. Mr, .\ekermaii eai'i'i.'s ..n -.ai.Tal ..p. ■rations as a manu- facturer of wairons. earts. an.l trucks, iis,.s ,,nly the best and most carefully selected materials, ami the pro.lnet i. .ns of his establish- ment cannot be surpassed for utility, strength, durability, and gen- eral superiority, while in the matter ot cost, the house can siieeess- fully compete with any contemporary. I'arti.-iiUir attention is devoted to the repairing department. Jlr. .\.'k.a man. who was born in New York, is one of our oldest and most .•sLaaa,..! I .usiness men and citizens, and enjoys the entire confidence of the conimunit}'. JOSEPH SIBBEL, Modeller and Sculptor. Studio No. 214 East Twenty-sixth' Street — Prominent among the principal sculp- tors of New York is 3Ir. Josei.h Sibbel, wli..s,. stu.Ii.. is l...-aled at No, 214 East Twenty-sixth Stre.-t, Mr, s, i a ,.-1 \n ;i, 1, an in Germany, and after having receive.l th..i-..uu'h pr. .1 . ss,, .nal n ain- ing in modelling and sculpture came to the United .States in 1871. In 1881 he commeneed business in New York, since which period he built up a liberal an.l intlueiitial |)atroiiage. He make a specialty of altar pieces ami statuary of everv description in plain and ornamen- tal marble, and refers to the artistic work executed by him in St. Leo's Church, St. Gabrii l's Church. Holy Cross Church, Sacred Heart Church, New York, and the Cathedral. Hartford, His ceme- tery work covers all the branches of the art, inclndin( it.atues, busts, medallions, etc., in any material. He likewise devotes the closest attention vo designing the mechanical execution of his work. Mr. Sibbel is enabled to offer artistic productions at no greater cost than that at which ordinary work has been hitherto produced. 136 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. SCHERMERHORN'S TEACHERS' AGENCY AND AMERICAN SCHOOL INSTITUTE. J. W. Schernieihorn & Co., Managers, No. 7 East Fourteenth Street.— The educational world has good cause to be very grateful, as well as the public at large, for the invaluable services rendered by Schermerhoru's Teachers' Agency and the American School Institute. It has since its incep- tion in 185.5 placed many thousands of teachers for every kind of educational service in all sections of the United States and foreign countries. The late Mr. Schermerhorn who founded it brought to bear exceptionall3' high qualificAtions, and early achieved an envia- ble reputation both with the teachers aided to secure positions and the schools and colleges served through his agency. In 18B1 he l>ranched out into the publishing of standard educational works and school supplies of all kinds. This proved equally as successful and useful an enterprise as tlie other. In 1861 Mr. George M. Kendall became connected with the business, and aided largely in building it up, with the result that in 1868 he was admitted into copartnership. The firm did an annually enlarging business, and became justly cele- brated for its facilities and the reliability of the students it fur- nished all over the country and abroad as well. The lamented decease of Mr. Schermerhorn occurred in 1885, since which date the business has been conducted by Mrs. J. W. Schermerhorn (widow of the founder) in copartnership with Mr. Kendall under the name and style of J. W. Schermerhorn & Co. The premises occupied are centrally located at No. 7 East Fourteenth Street, comprising one entire floor 25x80 feet, and appropriately fitted up with office, reception room, and book and school supplies department. A number of assistants are kept busily engaged. This is by far the most ably managed and influential agency in the United States. It is prepared to supply private pupils, families, schools, and colleges with teachers, secure positions for teachers, supply parents with in- formation as to good schools: to sell and rent school properties, and deal in educational text-books, and school, kindergarten, and kitchen garden supplies. It is, in fact, a reliable and efficient educational business bureau, aided by the records and experience of over a quarter of a century. It always has upon its lists large numbers of teachers, both American and foreign, embracing every variety and degree of education, experience, and ability. The average prin- cipal of a college or board of trustees of a school cannot hope to select teachers to such good advantage from their limited field of observation as by securing the services of this agency, which costs them' nothing, and is prepared to give them teachers selected from a list of hundreds. Many who register hold positions at the time and give satisfaction, but seek a change to better their position. Many of the able.st teachers and professors in the land have obtained their positions through this agency. In the publishing department the firm has brought out many valuable works that have had a deserv- edly large sale. Their list of books on physical education is very long and exhaustive, and the attention of parents and teachers is directed to it: also to their standard gymnastic apparatus, which has become famous both as regards reliability, beauty of finish, and the perfection of shapes and sizes. One of the flrni's recent issues is an improved and enlarged edition of the popular work ■ Merry Simgs and Games," designed for use in the kindergarten. JIi s. Si licrnier- horn is a lady of superior ability, sound judgment, and an accurate character. Likewise with Mr. Kendall: he is a zealous laborer in this important field, and honorable and reliable in every trans.ic- tion. GEO. B. BENEDICT & CO., Druggists and Dispensing Chemists, Rossmore Hotel, Broadway and Forty-second Street.— In ele- gance, reliabiUty, and extent of trade, the drug establishment of Messrs. Geo. B. Benedict & Co., at Broadway and Forty- second Street, under the Rossmore Hotel, occupies a prominent posi tion in that section of the metropolis. Its business reputation is of the highest character, and the careful regard for the interests of the pnh- lic which distinguishes its operations has gained for it a measure ot popularity shared by but few similar concerns in this city. It has been in successful operation since 1880, and under its enterprising and reliable management the volume of its transactions has been contin- ually increasing. The store is spacious in size, handsome in all its ap- pointments, and replete with everything that constitutes a thoroughly first-class pharmacy. A very large stock is carried of pure drugs, chemicals, pharmaceutical preparations, essences and extracts, toilet and fancy goods, druggists' sundries of all kinds, and other articles belonging to the trade. The firm make their purchases from the most reputable sources, approaching first hands only— a fact which is ap- preciated by all who have their wants supplied by this house. The prescription department is carefuUy and efficiently directed, in charge of experienced compoimders, and the limit of precision and safety is reached in every case. Mr. Benedict, the active member of the firm, is a native of Connecticut, an accomplished druggist and chemist, and a gentleman of high social and business standing. We cheerfully ac- cord this house a conspicuous place in these pages, both on account of the liberahty and reliabihty of its management and the importance of the industry represented to society at large. DC. NEWELL & SONS, Lumber Dealers, Yellow Pine Floor- ing, etc., Hudson River Planing-mills, foot West Nineteenth J Street. — No department of commercial enterprise in the great metropolis is of more direct value and importance to the community than that of the wholesale and retail lumber trade, and in this line the eminent and old-established firm of Messrs. D. C. Newell & Sons holds a representative position. The founder of this extensive business, Mr. D. C. Newell, is one of the pioneers of the New York lumber trade, having been engaged in this business for half a century, with results too well known in the commercial world to re- quire any comments. He is assisted by his sons, Messrs. G. H. and D. E. Newell, who have been brought up in the lumber trade, are thor- oughly conversant with every detail and feature of this valuable in- dustry and the requirements of patrons. The yards of the firm are spacious, extending from Eighteenth to Nineteenth Street. Their Hudson River Planing-mills are fully equipped with all the latest improved woodworking machinery, tools, and appliances known to the trade. One hundred experienced workmen are employed in the yard, planing-mills, etc., and the machinery is driven by a superior eighty-horse-power steam-engine. In the yards a stock of three million feet of lumber is constantly on hand, including yellow pine flooring, ceiling and step plank, locust and chestnut posts, locust timber, also white pine, spruce, and hemlock; while a specialty is made of vertical yellow pine flooring and kiln-dried flooring. Messrs. D. C. Newell & Sons enjoy unrivalled facilities, and can always quote satisfactory prices in all branches of work, and have furnished their productions for many of the finest buildings erected latterly in New York and its vicinity. They furnished all the lumber, etc., for the Equitable Building, Seventh Regiment Armory, Twelfth Regiment Armory, Mutual Life Building, Academy of Design, Washington Building, Arnold & Constable's, O'Neil's, and many other first-class private and public buildings in the metropolis and elsewhere, giv- ing entire satisfaction to the architects and builders. Mr. D. C. Newell was born in Sing Sing, N. Y., while Messrs. G. H. and D. E. Newell are natives of New Y'ork. THE GREAT AMERICAN STEAM CARPET-CLEANING AND MACHINE WORKS, No. 1.55 West Twenty-ninth Street, be- tween Sixth and Seventh Avenues.— A concern which is justly a most prominent one in its line in New York is "The Great American Steam Carpet-cleaning Works," so eligibly located at No. 1.55 West Twenty -ninth Street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues. These works were originally founded as machine works, about a quarter of a century ago, and they have ever maintained a solid reputation for expeditiously doing all work in a very superior manner The carpet cleaning department was added in 1874, and ha-i been singularly successful. The works comprise a five-story brick liiiilding 25x50 feet in dimensions, and this is equipped with freif;ht elevator. Tlie lower floors form the machine department, and this i.s provided with all necessary tools and appliances tor the successful operation of the business. Machine work of all kinds is e.xfcuted. and a specialty is made of shafting, pulleys, and hangers. The upper floors of the building are assigned for carpet-cleaning, which work is efflciently carried out with the aid of steam-driven carpet-cleaning machines. The i>rocess adopted not only rids the carpets of all dust and thoroughly disinfects them, but destroys al'i moths and vermin, and raises and brightens the nap. For the information of those who want to benefit by patroni«ing a reliable and responsible concern, we may say that The Great American Steam Carpet-cleaning Works clean every carpet thoroughly, and all moths and their deposits are carefully removed, while the carpets are not strained, ripped, nor torn. The proprietor, Mr. Wm. H. Rowden. has had considerable experience in this important branch of industry, and his enterprise justly merits mention in this historical review. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 13? CHAS. H. GILLESPIE & SONS, Manufacturers of Varnishes aud Japans, Nos. 534-5G2 West Twenty -fifth Street. — Varnish is one of the most important of all llic aids to external licoora- tion.and few articles of nianufaetiD r a in.'i r vMrii'd Held of usefulness. Much of interest might wi ilini ..i us hlsi. .ry and mysteries, its manufacture and applicalicn, and ilu- d arislorniation of the fossil gums, hidden forapres in tropical sands, into the ndrror- like lustre upon the coach or piano; also of the progress made in its manufacture in the last half-century. A prominent and represen- tative house in New York actively eugagrd in tlii> proiludi'in of the Yinest varnishes and japans is that of M. ^^i - rh a., II Cilh -pie & Sons, whose office and works are locaird ai N.i-. "i.'il .iiij West Twenty-fifth Street. This business, whicli is .n I iln- oMr-i in the country, was established in 18:.'4 by Charles (;illi's|.ic, taila-r of the senior member of the present firm, who w,as sure led l.\ Parker & Gillespie in ISO. Mr. Parker dyin- iii isro, tlic i.usiness was car- ried on l.y Clias. 11. (iill.-spi.' until Deeemlier, ISSt;, wlu-n tlir im-sent the old English vaniisli houses, the inethixis. toriuulas, and secrets A. D. Cowan and T. V. W. Bergen, who have since built up an exten- sive and influential connection in oil sections of the country. Their patrons comprise the leading American families who own country establishments, and their seeds also find their way to many of the far-famed private gardens of France, Germany, and Great Britain. The premises owned and occupied by them are of the mo.st substan- tial and suitable character, the interior having been especially ar- ranged for the requirements of the seed trade, and are fully equipped with every appliance and facility for the successful prosecution of the business. The firm keep constantly on hand an immense assortment of flower and vegetable seeds, bulbs, plants, etc., which are offered to customers and the trade at reasonable prices. In the preparation of seeds for the market, great care is exercised in the selection of those varieties most suitable to the different climatic conditions of the several States to which they are to be forwarded. The firm pay the strictest attention to the packing of their seeds, etc., each lot being carefully marked with the common as well as the botanical name. Messrs. A. D. Cowan & Co. import direct from the most cel- ebrated foreign houses seeds, bulbs, etc., and are consequently en lS6C-John Street Methodist Church. nd ke t in the fanii members id' lid Louis C I ■lias. have been handed down over sixty years. The ii: Messrs. Clias. H,. Clias. 1 are thoronglily practical versant with every dit: and the requirements o and are fully supplied ^ known to the trade. Mi ture a full line of coacli, laihvai japans. Their product goes whe proportion of tlieir business is ii the higher grades of cabinet va pans maiuifactured by thisresp. ity, purity, relialiility, and gener: in this or any other market, \vl the lowest. The firm have a braucli lioi Chicago, where all orders are iiromptly ,n illespies for ufi-sliip ares. isllCS. le 111,' all.'.! Imi- iiual- V.- nil superiors 1 are as low as I'l Lake Street, tilled. AD. COWAN & CO., Seed Growers and Importers. No. 114 Cham- bers Street.— A most important factor in the seed trade of the J metropolis is the reUable and popular house of Messrs. A. D. Cowan & Co., seed grower:: and importers. This business was estabUshed in 1879 by the present copartners, Messrs. abled to offer superior inducements to buyers. Mr. Cowan was bom in Scotland, while 3\Ir. Bergen is a native of New York. The firm promptly forward free on application catalogues of seeds, bulbs, implements, etc., to any part of the country. 'LLLIfi.VX & DALTON, Wholesale Butchers. No. 001 West Thirty ninth Street.— This fii-m was organized five years ago, and in the mean time the concern has succeeded in developing a trade of vast proportions, and one that is continually show- ing sign;< of increase The copartners are Mr Thomas Halhgan and William Dalton, both of whom are natives of New York city, and practical butchers of long experience. Their business premises com- prise a one-story frame building. 2.-)x:7.5 feet in dimensions, and a cov- ered yard with an area of .50x73 feet. The estabhshment is equipped with the most efficient and modern appliances pertaining to the slaughtering of cattle, sheep, etc., and the house has a capacity for kiUmg IflOO head of animals per week. Ten hands are perma- nently employed, and the trade of the house is exclusively whole.saie. Dealers can alw.ays rely upon obtaining here the choicest quality of beet, mutton, lamb. veal, etc., at the lowest market rates. Every facility and convenience is at hand for the transaction of business, and no similar concern in the city is more thoroughly prepared for taking proper care of its extensive and still growing interests. 138 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. LEWIS & CONGER, House-furnishers, Cutlery, China, and Glass (specialties), Nos. 1338 and 13-10 Broadway, and 001 and 003 Sixth Avenue.— The most progressive firm engaged in the vitally important business of house-furnishing that of Messrs. Lewis & Conger. Their methods, character, and quality of stock bear no comparison with the average dealer in this line. On the contrary they have from the inception of their business, twenty years ago, conducted it upon the highest attainable plan of efficiency and excellence, omitting no effort and outlav vn ■zrCcSi: io keep the best goods in every dEpartment m stock, and to fully cover the field so that buyers, however critical or refined their tastes, could here select exactly what they wanted. Every class in the com- munity finds it advantageous to buy here, where is carried the largest wholesale and retail stock in town. The firm have had to repeatedly enlarge their premises, and now occupy the sjilendid and most eeu- ,trally located store, Nos. 1338 ard 1340 Broadway, ext;ni.lm,.4- tiir:M«li objects, not only adapted for household ornamentation, but the ma- jority directly useful in one form or another. The stock of staple glassw^are includes everything from the most famous Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Jersey, and Massachusetts works, and all pretty new shades and styles will be found here at same prices charged along the avenues for the '■ out of date" old-fashioned goods. The partners are gentlemen of ability and integrity ; their -ri-i^zs. are the lowest uniformly ail through tl.c lengthy list of the household requu-ements tnat can be quoted for the best goods of the most reputable makers, and their estabUshment is a veritable emporium, whose facilities are appreciated by not only the best families of New York and neighbor- ing cities, but by every circle of the public, the poor man of taste finding goods here that please him at prices he can afford. The firm's out of -town trade is highly important and includes many wholesale orders. Messrs. Lewis & Conner eminently deserve the substantial success they have achieved, and the hign degree of consideration in I860— Custom-House, Wall Street, now Sub-Treasury. the block and fronting on Sixth Avenue at Nos. 601 and 603. It is handsomely fitted up, and Jlessrs. Lewis & Conger bring to bear ripe experience and ample resom-ces in the harmonious gathering to- gether of such a bewildering, yet charmingly attractive display of all descriptions of plain and fancy cutlery, china, glassware, and house- furnishing goods generally. Their stock embraces the products of the most celebrated makers both in Europe and America. In cutlery the stock includes the best ivory-handled knives, forks, carvers, sUcers, steels, knife-rests, spoons of solid silver and heaviest electro- plate. There are beautiful sets of knives, forks, and spoons in satin- lined cases, admirably adapted for wedding and holiday presents. In imported china, Messrs. Le\vis & Conger show one of the largest and most serviceable varieties in America. It would be impossible to particulariz'^. The housewife and hotel or restaurant proprietor can here select from hundreds of sample styles from plain, heavy wares up to the thinnest ornamental French sets resplendent in their deli- cate tints and artistic beauty. Fancy potteries, statuettes in bisque, Limoges and Sevres wares. Baccarat glass, porcelain, cut and Bohe- mian glassware, are found here in vast profusion ; rare and beautiful which they are held and by the public at large, to whom unques- tionably the firm name has become a "household word." 'OHN COLBY, Commission Merchant and Manufacturers' Agent, No. 113 Chambers Street.— A prominent representa- T \J five commission merchant and manufacturers' agent is Mr. John Colby. Mr. Colby, who was formerly with Sterling & Co. and the Pocasset Iron Works, established his present business six years ago and has by his, energy and prr^ressive pohcy, devel- oped a large and influential trade, which is pi.x licularly heavy throughout the South. Mr. Colby carries no stc- ., but sells goods direct from the sources of production. He is a represenative of a number of noted manufacturers, and li-ndles the following special- ties: grindstones, sad-iruus, sash-weights, fire-dogs, caldrons, sugar- pans, wagon-boxes, and Pocasset lioUow-ware. The reputation enjoyed by the house for the expeditious and discerning manner in which the proprietor conducts all business intrusted to him, merits the approbation of those with whom relations have been effected, and tends to promote the annual increase of his business. THH MHT1U)1U:>IJS OF T (3 - D A Y . 139 EI)\V\i;h II. I'OM.OCIC, •M iMiii i, -Hirer of Harness, CurriaKes, ri,-. I .' I ( 'lianiin 1 V Si I • .'I -A well-known and reliable es- l:ili,isliiriciit is UkU oI i:ilu;ir.l 1 1. Pollock, manufafturer of antl wholesale dealer in line harness, saddlery, carriages, whips, blankets, robes, etc., whose products are in steady and grow- ing' demand in the Irade tl)i-oii;.'liout the entire country, owing to tin- unit.. fiiily liiKh sl:niihii-.i ..f -.•iirrMi eXL-fllfiir,- nt whi.-li llir SMlil.- are n i:i i 1 1 1 a in.M 1 ; lia- ■j.:,.hI>. U-.i'. Iliis l.-a.liii^ aini |i..|.illar cncTi in- A I iiit-wrx IV;ilii> CiM-iil in .l.-siu:ii. w.-rkiujiiiship. liiiish.and ,linal.il.i>. Mr i .llo,-k, u ho is ananve ,.1 Nrw Vmk State, and a resiii. in ..| ilns cm \ .n.-r a i|uarirr of a cnilui-.w is a practical and exp.i'l woiknian Inniscll, Willi many years' o.\|M'iionall.x New York and environs, is exceedingly large. PUTXa:\[ house, Nos. 3«3 to :i(;9 Fourth Avenue, Lawrence R. Kerr, I'roprietor,— This widely-known and old-established lio- tel ranks among the most prominent houses in this section of the city. It was established forty-live years ago, and the present popular proprietor, Jlr. Lawrence R, Kerr, has had the man- agement of it since 1851 The Putnam House is conducted on the European plan, and is very complete in all its appointments, and most economical in prices. Its well furnished, comfortable, and sanitary apartments can be rented from fifty cents to one ilollar per day. In connection with the Putnam House there is a superior and comfortable restaurant, where first class meals are served at very moderate prices. It is steam heated and supplied with an Otis ele- vator.'while the greatest care has been paid lo the sanir.ary arrange- ments, and the means of escape in case of tire are ii.-rfeet. There Iiorse-cirs ami the elovated railroad, and is convenient to all places of business, theatres, etc . while oidy recently il lias been furnished and decorated. Internally the Putnam is noted for its comfort and elegance, and no pains or exjiense has been sjiared bv Mr. Kerr to render it a representative New York hotel. The bar is spacious and handsome, and is fully supplied with the finest and purest liquors, •wines, ales, cigars, etc. Mr. Kerr was born in New York, and has been engaged in the hotel business for thirty -eight years. The mer- its and advantages of the Putuam House are too well known to re- •quire any further comments, and the best proof of its general popu- larity is afforded by the thousands of visitors and guests, who have enjoyed its hospitality, economy, and comfort. GOUDON & ROBERTS, Insurance, No. 104 West Forty-second street, Hrauch Otllce No. Si Liberty Street.— The Vjest up- town channel through whicli to etTect fire insurance is that afforded by the responsible and honorable firm of Oordon & Roberts. Without in any way reHectiiig on other offices, it is but just to say that these gentlemen have secured the leading position ill their line, and now, after being in business for eigliteen years, li,i\. developed a connection and patronage of a most influential and widespread character. Their main office, situated as it is at No |N| W i st I'orty-si cond Street, is absolutely central to the best resid. Ill I il sei iion of the city, and wdiere, the risks being of a desir- aiilo i liarai ii r, the rates of premium are correspondingly moderate. Messrs. (ioidon & Roberts represent the following well-Known and reliable ccmpanies, viz : The German American of New York, Alliance of New York, Phoenix of London, Phenix of Brooklyn, Lancashire of England, and the Westchester of New York. With their millions of cai)ital and large surplus they offer absolute security to the assured. The firm are placing risks with these and other companies at remarkably low r;ites; the policies areclearly worded, exjilirit and devoid of technicalities, thej- having a very large assort- mi ni of printed forms especially adapted to the numerous cl.^sses of hazards which they control, and all losses (as in the past, so in the future) are promptly paid on adjustment. Messrs. Gordon & Roberts control the insurance of important lines of business, resi- dential and manufacturing propert.v, stocks of merchandise, leases, rents, yachts, household elTeets, etc., and have steadily extended their circle of cusioim i s, lo .M oommodate whom they have opened a branch office at No. LiiH ity Street, in the Exchange Room of the Metropolitan Board of Fire Insurauee Hrokei-s, directly con- venient to business men. All orders by ti h phone receive direct personal attention, the call being "I'liii ly ninth Street, 9.5." The partners are recognized authorities in their line, and have an un- rivalled knowledge of the ]iriiieii)al risks olTering, rendering them safe as agents for conservari\ nii.aiiii s like those they represent, while an added advantage is that :\Ir. Roberts is a member of the Heal Estate Exchange, and both are members of the Mri l opolitan Board of Fire Insurance Brokers, of wliich Mr. Cordon i-, a ihi r,-ior, lieing also a director in the Alliance Insurance Assoi i 1 1 ion i.d' New York, lioth gentlemen are noted for ex<-. II, nt hn^im ss methods andaiirompl liljrral policy, wliil.- t licy h.ix c c-vcr ic: ;i med the con- fidence of leading commercial ami financial circles. Any parties desiring insurance in any of its branches cannot do better than conimuuicate with the above firm. CW. MATHESEN, Florist, No. 673 Sixth Avenue, second door below Thirty-ninth Street.— The establishment of Mr. C. W. ^ .'"lathesen is a representative one in this line in this city, and has ministered with satisfaction and skill to the people of New Y' il k and its suburban towns for the past ten years. His sales- room is spaci, .lis and handsomely fitted up, and contains at all times a choice assortiiieiit of the most popular and beautiful flowers. His greenhouse in rear of store is as perfectly arranged as the experience and skill of tlie horticulturist can make it, and is the largest on the avenue. Every plant and flower is to be secured here that is esteemed and valued. A full assortment of choice cut flowers is constantly on hand; baskets and designs are made up at short notice, and a spe- cialty is made of decorations for weddings, balls, and festive occasions. A large, first-class patronage is enjoyed. Mr. Mathesen is a native of Denmark, and has resided in this city for many years. PROSPERE DUBREUIL, Gents' French Shoes, No. 13 East Six- teenth Street.— One among the most successful of the well- known popular boot and shoe makers in the city is Mr. P. Dubreuil. whose experience in the business extends over many years, and he has become widely known as one of the most correct fitters and thorough skilled practical master- workmen in New York. A first-class fastidious patronage is enjoyed, and he has become distin- guished, and is highly recommended by all who have worn lioots and shoes of his manufacture. The store, which has an area of :2.5x80 feet, is neatly fitt<»d up and well stocked with a general line of fine boots and shoes of his own make, and also those of the tjest-known manufacturers in the country. Popular prices prevail. In the custom ■department Mr. Prospi're Dubreuil employs from fifteen to twenty- five practical workmen. A native of Canada of French extraction, Mr. Dubreuil has lived nearly all his life in this city, and for thirty years was manager for Miller & Co. 140 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. WILLIAM KNOWLES, Artistic Job Printer, 104 East Tliir- teenth Street. — Au establisliiiieiit H'hich, from tlie high character of its management and superiority of its pro- ductions, is well worthy of a place for honorable mention in this volume, is that of Mr. William Knovvles, artistic job printer and publisher, of No. 104 East Thirteenth Street, near Fourth Av- enue. Mr. Knowles is one of the most worthy and highest esteemed of citizens, and is a gentleman of the most excellent attainments of character. He was born in this city in 1842, and at the age of twelve entered upon the pi iuting profession, in which he lias since contin- ued, and in which he is a thorough expert. Mr. Knowles took an ac- tive part in the late war and underwent very severe experiences. He enlisted in the 83d Regiment, New York Volunteers, to serve from 1861 to 1863, took part in many engagements, and at the battle of Antietam was taken prisoner by the Confederates and kept con- fined at Libby Prison for four months. The horrors and sufferings of war played severely upon his system, and in contrast to a sturdy young man of one hundred and eighty pounds weight when he en- tered the army, he left it reduced to a mere skeleton and weighing but ninety pounds. Mr. Knowles is widely known as the publisher of " Gathering Jewels, or the Secret of a Beautiful Life," and '■ Me- moirs of Mr. and Mrs. James Knowles," his parents, which is a very prominent Christian work and has had an extensive sale. The business premises occupied comprise an office and a printing depart- ment, the latter excellently equipped with a most complete outfit of presses and type. A general business is carried on in commercial and general job printing, and the work turned out is noted for its artistic excellence and general superiority. All orders are promptly filled at lowest prices, and all patrons of the establishment will find Mr. Knowles a very pleasant gentleman to deal with. JAMES J. CROSSON & CO., Steam-heating, Engineers' and Factory Supplies, No. 513 West Twenty-second Street.— The best inventive talent of this century has been employed in the perfection of methods for lieating buildings and dwellings, and every year a marked advance has been made in this respect. Among those who are familiar with the new improved methods that have been recently mtroduced, and who have made the subject of steam-heating a study, there are none more capable or efficient than Mr. James J. Crosson, of the firm of J. Crosson & Co., who has liad many years' practical experience, and is highly indorsed aud recom- mended by architects and builders. Mr. Crosson makes contracts and furnishes plans for heating buildings both public and private, and dwellings and factories, by high or low pressure steam-heating, and furnishes all the necessary boilers, pipes, registers, fittings, etc., executing the work upon scientific principles, in the best and most substantial manner. Exhaust heating is a specialty, and all work is fully guaranteed, A two-story building having au area of 20x70 feet is occupied, and a general assortment of all kinds of engineers' and factory supplies is always kept in stock, or furtiished to order at short notice. Mr. Crosson was born and brought up in New York, and is well-known in business circles, and is thoroughly grounded in the theory and practice of steam-heating, and occupies a high position among the most distinguished of those engaged in the business in the city. Mr. Crosson has been connected with some of the largest houses in this line in the city, previous to embarking in this business on his owu account: was for two years foreman for Mr. J. R. Block of this city. Associated with Mr. Crosson in the business is Mr. Owen Smyth, a well-known engineer in the trade, who was for a long time President of the Engineers' Society in this city. AHAHN, Dealer in Square and Upright Pianos and Organs, No. 8 Union Square.— The American people are , naturally a musical people, and almost every family here is supplied with a piano or organ or both, and music is as much a part of our educational system as arithmetic or writing. The piano and organ trade of New Y^ork is a very valuable and im- portant one. We find engaged therein a large amount of capital and many very reputable and liigh classed firms. Among these we recall the firm of Mr. A. Hahn, which became established here in the year 1879, in the location which tliis gentleman now occuj)ies, namely. No. 8 Union Square, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets. This gentleman is an expert at the business and tunes him- self, and possibly to this fact may be traced much of his success in trade. An active, practical experience in the business of twenty- five years has done much for him; so that to-day there are very few men in New York possessing a more intimate and thorough knowl- edge of these goods than he. In his store at the number above indi- cated may be found a large and full line of instruments which for quality and jjureness of tone, expression of intonation, strength of tone, and elegance of finish cannot be surpassed by any firm in the metropolis. These goods are offered at prices which defy competi- tion. Possessing ample capital and abundant trade facilities, Mr, Hahn is able to give to his patrons special facilities in the way of allowing them extended time in which to meet their payments; that is to say, he will deliver to reliable parties a piano or organ, asking merely a deposit upon delivery and accepting small monthly payments for the balance until the debt is cancelled. Many are now availing themselves of tliis facility at these excellent warerooms. Before purchasing elsewhere we would advise our readers to give Mr. Hahn a call. The premises occupied by Mr. Hahn have dimen- sions measuring 25x80 feet, and are elegantly fitted up and arranged for the business The head of this concern is a native of Germany, coming to the United States in 1854, since which time he has been in this line of business. WOODBURY BROS., Manufacturers of the Woodbury Pat- ent Solid Back Brushes, Eleventh Avenue corner Twenty- seventh Street.— A representative establishment in its special line of manufacture is that of Messrs. Woodbury Bros , located on Eleventh Avenue, corner of Twenty-seventh Street. This firm have been long and widel.v known as the manufacturers of tlie Woodbury Patent Solid Back Brushes, in wliich they have gained a national reputation and built up an extensive and influen- tial trade. The business lias been in successful operation here since 1873, and both in quality and quantity of goods manufactured the house is recognized as a leader in its line in the metropolis. The premises occupied for the business are spacious and well-equipped, and every facility is afforded for rapid, systematic, and perfect pro- duction. The output comprises store, shoe, sci ub, horse, bath, and dauber brushes, all solid wooden backs, and a specialty is made of the Helix Brush, patented April 36, 1870. These goods are acknowl- edged to be of unparalleled e.xcellence in durability and utility, and wherever introduced they meet with a ready sale. From thirty to fifty skilled bauds are constantly employed, and the goods are in heavy and permanent demand in all parts of the United States and Canada, and are shipped in large quantities to many foreign coun- tries. Having excellent facilities for the prompt and perfect fulfil- ment of all orders, the house is in a position to offer inducements to the trade second to none of its contemporaries, while liberality and fair dealing characterize all its transactions, 3Ir. O. D. Woodbury, the sole surviving partner, is a native of Vermont, and known in this city as a reliable and successful manufacturer, and au enterprising and substantial business man. HV. MEAD & CO.. Real Estate and Insurance Brokers and House Agents. No. 433 Eighth Avenue —One of the oldest J and most responsible firms engaged in the real estate business in the uptown west side of the cit.v is Hiat of H. V. Mead & Co., real-estate and insurance lirnkers. whose spacious and handsome offices are located at No. 433 Eighth Avenue, between Thirty-first and Tliirty-second stieets, and than wlioni none in the business in this section of the city sustain a higher reputation, as few enjoy a larger share of public favor and confidence; numbering among their clientele many of the solid citizens in the community. This flourishing business was established in l^^. !! by Smith & Mead, who conducted the same up to 1SV3, wln-n tli. v wi-i^ succeeded bj^ the present senior memljcr as si.lc jircpi ii-t..i-. Ii.- cai r\ in;: it on alone- until January, I8.'!7, when lie ailniitti-d iiit«. paii m-rsliip Jlessrs. L. P. Van Riper and W H. Smith, thus coiistit ut ing the jinsliing and popular firm whose name heads this sketch, and who have since continued the business with uninterrupted success. The.y occupy commodious and finely appointed quarters and employ two capabh^ and experienced clerks, transacting a general line of real estate and insurance brokerage. Houses, farms, building lots and otlier forms of property are bought, sold aud exchanged, rents are mlleeted. and estates managed; while loans are negotiated .m In. ml an'l mortgage. Investments are desirably placed, and life or pidjiert y insured in the most stable and reliable companies, while the firm are accounted among the best judges of the present and prospective values of im- proved and uninqiroved property in this vicinity, and altogether they transact an extensive and flourisliing business. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 141 JOHNSIMT'SOX, IiiiiM.il.T :iihl U.mI.t in Staple and Fancy Dry (ioi.il^, NcK ;■,'.") :ina : j; Si\ih Av.-tiu.', lii'luven Forty -first and Kdi't y-scri.ii.l Sii-.'crs - Tlir iiiipi i .v.-nii-iit tliat has taken place in the dry-Boods trade lias made establishments enKaged therein to become veritable bazaars, refle(!tin|f tlie manufacturing progress of every nation. A prominent and popular dry-Koods house in this city islbat of yiv. .lolin Simpson, idr.iti'.l al Nos. 735 and 'ii'i Sixlli Ammiiic, li,-lH.-,-ri l''orly lii'sl aii^l j.oi I -r, 1 S[rects. Mr. Simps.. II has l,.-.-ii .-,1 ;i l.lislu-.l 111 i.usincss r..i- s. .m.- 1 w. n 1 .\ years, iDcatint,' ..ii;;iiially ..II iji,'liili .V venue, and removing t.)his pre.sent .[uai tt I S ill is;,s lii i lie ... l upies a spacious and handsomely ap- p.iinlc.l si..ri', "iiixliii) liM-l in dimensions, ornamented with two Hli'„'aiii sii..\v wiii l.iws an. I otIiiT modern appointments, with a basciiu'iii 111 th.' s III.- si/.f. K'iviiif,' an abundance of room for supply- in„- til.' IU..SI ..xL-iisiv.' (Ifniaii.l. The stock is the largest and most complete of its kiiiil in this section of the city, is carefully selected in every line, and displays all the materials that have bt-i'u ma.le popular by personal preference or the decrees of fashion, while equal attention is given to every assortment. The clirt'.M.-nt lines comprise dress goods, velvets, velveteens, cashmeres, an. I prints; white goods, cambrics, calicoes, an. I ^'in^^lianis; h.isi.My. Kl"^es and underwear, corsets and bustl.'s, laees and enilir.ii.l.ni. s, under- wear, notions, and infants' outliitin^cs; fan.'y u''">ils, j.'welry, and gents' furnishing goods; dress an.l . l.iaK ti iiiiniiii^s, ril.lii.ns an.l ties, parasols and lunbrellas, and evei yi Ihhl; .ii;;ini,' t.i I he staple and fancy dry-goods trade. The . hum pi ivm- an.! progressive methods are ob.served both in iiiakinu pni.-liMs. s I'.ir tli.- varying sea- sons an.l in miuisteiin;; to the wants ..I pair. .ns. The quality and desirability of the stock is ably maintaineil, and inducements in prices are quoted that couhl only obtain with a house so thoroughly prepared for efficient service. The affairs of the house are in a most flourishing c.in.liti.in, an.l tli.' soundness and popularity of the policy pursue. I ar.'i-al. ulat. .1 1.1 iiuniitain its prosperity. From thirty- five to f.irty el.'i ks an.l s,i:.>,|,nli. s ,ir.- i-mployed, and the trade is at all times brisk an.l liv.'ly. Jlr. Sinips.iri is an able and experienced merchant, enjoying the highest regard of the people for his honor able business career. EIIRHAUD n ACF.X. Maiuifacturers of Plain, Carved and Fancy Har.lw.....! M.iuldings, etc., Nos. 24.5 and 247 West Twenty-ei;;litli Street.— A firm that occupies a distinctive representative positiou in New York is that of Messrs, Ehrhard & Hageu. This lirm was f.mn.le.l in 1S.')7, and has been in continuous and prospennis existence I'.ir thirty yi'ars. The factory of the firm is a tive-story brick liuililin>„'. "ilxlOO feet in dimensions. It is tli.irou;;hly .'.inippeil tliroutfhoiit with machinery of the most 111. idern an.l elli.aent cliaracter, anil the driving force for the 111a- cliinery is fiu'nislied b,\- a 4."> horse-power steam-engine. Twenty skilled aud experienced artisans are employed in the var ous dejiart- ments of the business, which consists of the manufacture of plain, carved and fancy har.lw. >.>.| m..ul. lilies. Tlie facilities of the estab- lishment for tuniiiit; out luonlJiiiu's of every descriiition and for every |)urp..s.> are ..f th.' iii..^t .-.iiiiiilete and ample character. A sjiecialty is ina.I.' ..I pian.itorte mouldings, and tlie products in this line ari' most artisti.' in ex.-.aition and unique in desi;,'n. A large and growing' paironaK.' is derived from the building an.l pianoforte trades in all (.arts i}f the country, and the firm have also a large ex- port trade with Cuba and Canada. Orders entruste.l to the firm are promptly executed, and the material and workmanship are guaranteed to be the best, while the charges are always fair and equitable. The copartners are Messrs. I'hilip Ehrhard and M. Hagen, both of whom are natives of (ii'mianv an.l ol.l residents in New York, where they are widely known and highly esteemed. JB. WOOLLEY, Agent, Importer, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Japanese, Chinese, Turkish and India Goods, No. 12.3 ^ Fifth Avenue.— The notable and increasim,' development of popular tastes in the dirccti.u] ..f tli.' am i.|ii.- an.l unique in household surroundings, and as a r.'sult 1 h.' iiiipori .it i. .n an.l sale of Japanese, Chinese, and Eastern art prodncls, bronzes, and general bric-a-brac, has become a very important branch of mercantile ac- tivity in this country. .\ leading and noteworthy house in this line in the metropolis is that of Mr. J. B. Woolley, importer, wholesale and retail dealer in ,Iapanese. Chinese. Turkish, and East India goods, which is eligibly located at No. 123 Fifth Avenue, between Nine- teenth aiid Twentieth Streets, and which is recognized as one of tlie most responsible and best equipped establishments of tlje kind in New York; while its patronage, which is of a most substan- tial and gratifying character, extends throughout the entire country, and grows apace annually. This widel.y and favorably known store was established in 1870 at the commodious and desirable quarters at present occupied by the enterprising and popular gentleman whose name heads this sketch, and from the inception of the venture Mr. Woolley has steadily won his way to public favor and confidence. The salesrooms, which are 20x100 feet in dimensions, are neatly fitted up and tastefully arranged, and an exceedingly fine stock is constantly carried, embracing elegant china anil porcelain table service, sujierb bronzes, both ancient and moilei ii, exipiisitely embroidered screens, rich, rare Japanese leather wall-iiaper, teak- wood, ivory carvings, beautiful cabinets and lacquered articles, curios and bric-a-brac in unique and artistic designs, and ori- ental novelties. The assortment also includes the celebrated rorluguesc rush chairs, for which Mr. Woolley is sole agent in the Uniti'.l States; .ibj.'. i, of art in great variety, and a multifarious collection of Japanese, Chinese, Turkish, and India goods; while several courteous and competent salesmen are in attendance. The trade of the establishment, which is exceedingly large, extends all over the United States. Mr. Woolley is a native of New York. OH. BARNARD. :\Iatiiifictu:er of Undertakers' Supplies, etc., Nos. .511 t• of n- pr. ..i u.m 1. .ns, which are -I'li. ial fav.irit. s wli.'ievei- iiitro. hi. .Air, Uarnaiil was born in New A'ork, u li.-re he is lii;,dily re;_M 1 .1. .1 by the community for his bii^iii.'ss aliiliiy, skill, and inte^'iiiy, ,'\laiiy of the under- takers' trimminus an.l s|i.-cialliPS maiiiifactiired by this house are of peculiar design, and are made by no other firm in the metro- polis. PPATRY. Lumber Dealer. Hardwood and Pine, corner Twenty- ninth Street and Eleventh Avenue. — .\ feature of the indus- , tries of the metropolis especially worlhy of mention is 'he trade in lumber. Anion:.' tlmsi-who have ilispl.iN .-.I <;i>at enterprise in this industry is ^\r. I' I'atry, whose cslal.lishnient is located at the corner of Twntv-niiitli Street and Eleventh Avenue, and which must be accor.l.-.l a .-. .nspicuous and justly prominent position. The business s.> su.-.-. ■--fully conducted by Mr. Patry was originally cstablisli.-.l in lss-.> i,y Mv. Dillon Beebe, who was suc- cee.led by the iires. nt pn ipri. t . .r ill May, 1887. The premises occu- pie.l for tra.li- pnrp..-.-s in. -In.l.' a lumber yard 100 feet square, with cverv conveni.-n.-.- an.l l,i. ility for the handling and storage of the ext. n>;ive st.i.-k that is constantly carried. With commendable en.'i;,'y an.l a thorough knowledge of the wants of the trade. Jlr. Patry has all . a. ly established a reputation for first-class gooils and a ]iromptiiess in filling orders which assures him continued success aud permanent prosperity. He handles both hardwood and pine, received direct from the forests and first hands, and is prepared to supply dealers, builders, and others needing these supplies with as good a quality of materials as can be secured in the city. The trade of the house extends throughout the city to New Jersey aud other adjoining States, and is constantly on the increase. Mr. Patry was horn in Quebec, Canada, and has resided here for many years. He is enterprising and reliable in all his business methods, and jusMy merits the confidence and patronage of all. 143 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. AMERICAN DENTAL MFG. COMPANT, Nos. 1298 and 1300 Broadway, J. A. Hanway, President.— This reliable and pro- gressive company was duly organized and incorporated in 1881 under the laws of New York with ample capital for the purpose of manufacturing and furnishing materials to aid and facili- tate the labor of practising dentists. The ofiBcers of the company are J. A. Hanway, President and General Manager; O. B. Dawson, M.D., Secrfetary and Treasurer. Mr. J. A. Hanway, President and General Manager of the company, is a native of Maryland. His having been associated with manufacturing interests since boyhood, his experience of the needs of a first-class manufacturing establishment, together with his skill in directing its various interests, assure us of ever in- creasing progress and success for this company in the future. Ohver B. Dawson, M D., secretary and treasurer, was bom in Delaware. He studied medicine, graduating from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. Having a special love for the study of chemistry and mineralogy, he devoted himself to these and graduated from the scientific department of Cooper Institute, New York City, after which he held for three years an adjunct professorship in the above-named department of this most excellent institution. Since the organization of this company Dr. Dawson has been its chemist, dovotui^ absolutely all his time to the laboratory and the general supervision of the factory adjoining, which is in immediate charge of a most skilled workman as foreman. Hence it is not strange that the various filling material and products generally from the factory of this company are found to be of such uniform excel- lence. Both of the above- named gentlemen are high- ly esteemed in business and professional circles for their abihty, skill, and in- tegrity. The commodious and well equipped office and salesrooms are situated at Nos. 1298 and 1300 Broad- way (cor. Thirty - fourth Street) and the factory Broadway cor. Thirty-sev- enth Street. The company aim to keep abreast of the needs of the profession, and are constantly improv- ing old forms and designs or inventing new special- ties. Scarcely a month has elapsed since the organiza- tion of the American Dental Mfg. Company in which they have not improved and extended their man- ufactiu-mg facilities; searching for and solicitincr materials, gather- ing to themselves the most talented ami ahl- u urkiiicn, and at the same time adopting improved methods, making new tools, and build- ing special machines. All these methods tend to secure the best quaUty of instrumen. filling materials, etc., at price beneficial alike to users and makers. The company strives to make reliability and quality the indispensable qualifications of its business By a carefid inspection of the company's Blustrated Catalogue, dentists and others will find full particulars of the most popular and latest ap- proved forms of dental instruments, etc.. awl we are confident that then- excellent workmanship and siipi-i inr qualitips will be at once recognized and appreciated by the jirofessiou. The veiy high talent brought to bear in the production of all the specialties of the company is such as is not surpassed by any similar house in the country. The company fills all orders promptly and carefully at the lowest possible prices. The trade of the American Dental Manufacturing Company extends throughout all sections of the United States and Canada, South America, Mexico, and to some extent throughout Europe, and dentists desirous of pro- curing outfits, instruments, or materials wiU consult their own interests by seeing to it that their orders for aU instru. ments and materials are filled with goods manufactured by this responsible estabhshment, whose dental requisites wiU not fail to give entire satisfaction to the most critical and emnient operators. JOHN STEWART, Real-estate and Insurance Agent, No. 9,'i8 Eighth Avenue.— Mr. John Stewart established his business here tweuty-flve years ago, and early gained a high reputation as a responsible and judicious real estate and insurance broker. He makes a specialty of the sale and exchange of property, and has gained a connection of the most influential character, numbering among his customers many of our leading capitalists and investors. He devotes himself personally to securing the best possible bargains for his cUents, and all who enter into business relations with him can rely upon his sound judgment. He has money to loan on bond and mortgage, gives his personal attention to the collection of rents, the payment of taxeS; and the care and management of estates. As an insurance broker he effects insm-ance in all the solid and substantial companies of the United States and Europe, quoting the lowest rates of premium and guaranteeing a prompt and satisfactory adjustment of all losses. Mr. Stewart is a native of Scotland, a resident of this country for more than thirty -five years. HARDY & CO., Dry Goods, No. BSo Eighth Avenue, Between Thirty -eighth and Thirty -ninth Streets.— There is no merchant' in this section of the city more widely known than Mr. Thomas Hardy, and no dry-goods house on the west side of the city enjoys greater popularity than does the one he controls. Mr. Hardy founded the business here in 18.59, and he has ever smce conducted it with remarkable success under the firm style of Hardy & Co. The premises occupied for the business comprise two floors and basement, each having an area of 25x100 feet. They are tastefully and appropriately fitted up throughout, and are admi- rably equipped with every faciUty and apphance for the accommodation and display of the large and valuable stock. The base- ment is set apart for hnen and cotton goods; the first floor Ls devoted to the dis- play of dry and fancy goods ♦ { in general; and the second floor LS utUized for ladies' suits, wraps, corsets, etc. Neatness, order, every fa- cility and modem apph- ance have been provided for the expeditious despatch of its large business. Goods are purchased in such quantities as to enable Messrs. Hardy to place them on the market at the lowest possible figures. Large as the business now is, requu-ing. as it does, the ser- vices of twenty-six assistants, the trade of the house is mcreasing year by year. The house has a large out-of-town patronage in ad- dition to its extensive city trade. Mr. Hardy is a native of this city. CHAS. F. ASCHEXBACH, Manufacturer of fine Harness, Riding Saddles, No. II.". Chambers Street. -This gentleman has won a national reputation for the superiority of his products. He founded his establishment in this city eight years ago. pre- vious to which he had been in business in Ehzabeth, New Jersey, his native State. His goods are highly esteemed wherever mtroduced for their quality, workmanship, and fine finish. The commodious premises occupied cover an area of .3.5x12.5 feet, are admirably fitted up, and are equipped with every improved appliance and facility requisite, and employment is afforded a force of twenty experienced hands. Mr. Aschenbach manufactures every description of fine harness, riding-saddles, bridles, and horse-clothing, using the best materials in the production, and carries a heavy stock on hand to meet the demands of the trade. He also deals in whips, fur robes, rubber goods, etc., and keeps a complete assortment of merchandise in this line. The facilities for production which the house possesses enable it to offer inducements to the trade as regards prices which smaller houses cannot afford to duplicate. Mr. Aschenbacli enjoys a first-class standing in business circles. Early View of New York Harbor. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 143 MARTIN J. GROSSMAN, Upholstery Goods. Xos. :!0aiid41 East Thirteenth Street — A house which, though but compara- tively newly established, yet already stands at the head in its special line of trade and has accinii ' il a rcputaiion of enviable character, is that of Mr. Martin J. Grossnian, wIjmI, -iale and retail dealer in upholstery goods, whose qiiarici -. ai-.' i i inr.iliy situateil at Nos. 39 and 41 East Thirti'ml h Sin-fl, iH-lwcm nioa.hvay and I'lii- Versity Place. Mr. Grossman inail-UlMlt-.l in-. .■nl.TiD-ls.- Ill ,laiiiiai \- 1887, bringing the knowlt-lL,'.' -am.-l hy liu.-.-ii v ais' ,-x|i.Ti. ii<'.- lo bear in his operations, wliirh i' with In-- pusli. . n'-it.'y. and equitable methods of dealing havi' wmi lor him a sulistaiitiai trade, which extends to all parts of tlic L'liiii'd Stat.--;, ami is steadily aug- menting to still ^'L i'ai.T pro|i.irti.>iis. as the character of hismi-rchan- dise becomes mui-.' wiih ly kmnvn. The commodious premises com- prise a store haviii- .Hiin-iisioiis of .")0x75 feet, admirably equipped throughout, ami arranged in the most approved manner for the display of stock and the convenient handling of trade. The stock embraces a large and complete assortment of upholstery goods of every description, including plushes, tapestries, tow, moss, steel springs, curtains, poles, etc., leading specialties being made of cords, gimps, fringes, and tassels, the whole representing the best grades of manufacture in their line. Orders meet with prompt ful- filment, the most favorable inducements being offered, and all who have dealings with Mr. Grrk. in 1S30, and early became identified with the hrancli of industry w hieli he has success- fully followed for upwards of forty years. At the a-e of fifteen years he learned the printer'-; trade, and in IS.V,' pureliasetl and pub- lished and I'diied r/e i;n:..tt' at Xewhur-h. X. Y. In is.",.-, lie came to New York and was eiiu'atced a^ as-ii-;tant editor of The £i,-ei(j»(7 ^firror, published in Ann Streei. and later, f.ir a jieriod seventeen years, was editor and piiiih..h. i' of tin- ll'or/./n./ F,ir- mer and Xational Agrictdtiinst. two j..nriials of inllnen<-e and prominence during and for some time aftei- the Civil War. Subse- quently he was at different times joeate 1 at Xos, l.ii; and l .'-- Nassau Street, and in the Tribune Building, from whence he expelled the liquor saloon. In 1883 he removed to No. 191 Fidton Street, and three years ago to No. 93 Chambers Street. The present premises are very spacious, consisting of an entire floor extending through the block from Chambers to Reade street, and every convenience and facility is embraced in the general complete appointment of the establishment. Systematically and most attractively arranged about the commodious wareroom is a large and complete stock of Mr. Allison's own publications, representing the works of both an- cient and modern authors, including his own revisions of Webster's great Dictionaries, Cushing's Parliamentary Manual, and other books, which have reached a circulation of over a quarter of a million copies. The publishing branch of the business is a special feature, to which are devoted the knowledge and ability acquired through nearly a half-century of practical experience. A specially in this department is made of Wm. L. Allison's " New Arundel," " l':xtra .Vrundel," and " Illustrated Arundel " series of old and new \\ oi l, , -history, art, science, poetry, biography, fiction, and in ehort all >iii)jects of verse and prose, being represented. Many books ujion biblical topics are also published and handled, including Col- lins's Clear Print Bibles, which have a standard value among stu- dents and the clergy. Mr. Allison is the compiler, editor, and pub- lisher of several dictionaries and other useful works which lune a world-wide celebrity, as have also the " Arundel " series of publica- tions, and his trade in this connection extends to all parts of the globe where literary tastes abound. Although over fifty-seven years of age, Mr Allison is as active as in his " teens," and is still actively engaged in the superintendence of the enterprise with which he has been so long promiiu ntly identified. He is universally honored and esteemed for his many good works, and his name is familiar, and will long survive, in the memory of the literati and reading public. JOHN CHADWICK, Antique Fumitm-e and Art Novelties, No. 16 East Eighteenth Street.— Attention is directed to the spa- cious and well ordered art-room of John Chadwick, importer of and dealer in antique furniture, silverware, embroidery, curios and bric-a-brac, where is always displayed a va-st and varied assortment of novel and exquisite articles of use and ornament. This flourishing business was estabhshed about ten years ago by the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, at the present desirable location, and from the inception of the enterprise Jlr. Chadwick has steadily won his way to public favor. The premises used as art display rooms occupy an entire 25x80 foot floor, and are finely fitted up and neatly ordered, while a large and elegant stock is constantly carried, including antique furniture in unique and artistic designs and exquisite workmanship, massive and beautiful silverware, superb bronzes, art novelties and articles of virtu in great variety. The assortment also embraces elegant embroidery, tapestry, curios, lacquered ware, bric-a-brac and kindred interior decorations, while some four or more polite and efficient assistants attend to the wants of patrons, and the trade of the house, which extends all over the States, is of a most substantial and influential character. Mr. Chad- wick, who is a gentleman of sixty-five, but active, vigorous, and de- voted to his business, was born in Rector Street, this city, on the site now occupied by the elevated railroad station. Mr. Chadwick also conducts a flourishing branch establishment at No. 135 Bellevue Avenue, Newport, R. I. BERRIEN & HALSEY, Real Estate and Insurance, No. 45 East Eleventh Street.— .\mong the great and diversified business interests of New York there is none which is possessed of greater or even ecjiial importance, than that which pertains to real estate, and the immense operations carried on in building is constantly augmenting the transaction of the leading real estate agents. Among the representative and old-established houses en- gaged in this line is that of Messrs. Berrien and Halsey, whose well- furnished qu.irters are located at No. 45 East Eleventh Street. The liiisinesv of this familiarly known concern was originally founded in l^i;; ljy Mr, Uiehard P. Berrien and conducted by him until 18S3, \vln ii he w as siieeeeded by the present firm, the merabei'S being his son. Ml, Kdw.iiil :\IiielieU Berrien, and Mr. Jos. Bayley Ilalsey, the former of whom is a commissioner of deeds. Messrs. Berrien and Halsey are natives of New York, and have had many years' experi- ence in real estate and insurance matters, are expert judges of values, and those who have engaged their services have invariably obtained properties which have steadily advanced in value and income productiveness. They carry on general operations as nego- tiators of loans on bond and mortgage, buy, sell, rent, and lease buildings, collect rents, and take entire charge of estates, securing responsible tenants, and keeping their trusts in the highest state of efficiency. Representing the leading fire insurance companies they place risks at the most favorable terms, and always secure a prompt settlement of losses. Messrs. Herrien and Halsey have an estab- lished reputation for honorable business methods, and will be found pleasant and satisfactory gentlemen with whom to have dealings. 144 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. WILLIAM H. ROOME S SON, Real Estate Agent and Broker, No. 378 Sixth Avenue, Masonic Temple Building.— Among those who are most prominently identified with the real- estate interests of the city is the well known and reliable house of Wm. H. Roome's Son, Xo 378 Sixth Avenue. This house was originally founded in lS5i by Mr. Wm. H. Roonie, and the busi- ness was continued by him with gr^at success until 1881, when he was succeeded by his son. Mr. Wm. J. Roome. who has smce increased the busine-ss very largely. This is one of the most energetic and rehable houses in this hue ot busui.'s.^. ih 'office isverv i-ligiblv located in the Masonic Temple Building, one iln.ir aiMi\ c Turui y il iid Street, where it has become the uptown headquurtri-; t^iv thv lai„'ist and wealthiest investors and speculators in real estate. Xew York and Brooklyn properties are his specialties, and he buys, sells, and lets lots, stores, and dwellings in all part^ of both cities. A specialty of this house from the beginning has been the management of e.states and the care property tor owners. Mr. Roome has charge of many extensive properties to which he gives his personal att<»ntion. Some of these estates have been under his care for over twenty years. Mr. Roome is an authority on values present and prospective of the realty of the metropolis, and investors desirous of obtaining information, or those having any business with real estate, will find their interest well served by entrusting them to him. He is an esteemed member of the Real Estate Exchange, and is greatlv respected by the community for his executive ability and sterling integrity. ME. O'CONNOR, Builders' Hardware, No. P3 Chambers Street.— This house was founded in 18R4 by the present J proprietor, and from its inception has done an extensive business in the handling of builders' hardware for the trade. The premises occupied are very commodious, consisting of an entire floor extending from Chambers to Reade Street, and the general appointment includes all the modern conveniences and facili- ties for displaying and handling advantageously the large, compre- hensive, and complete stock. All the thousand and one articles, great and small, comprised in this branch of the trade are here to be found. The goods handled are of the best quality in all departments, con- forming in every respect to the current want, and the business enjoyed is voluminous and extensive. Mr. O'Connor is a thorougngoing, active New York business man standing in the highest esteem among his confreres and in the front rank of representative New York hard- ware merchants. HUMPHREYS , under the laws of the Slate of New York, with a capital of Slt)O,00O, and is officered as follows, viz. : President, Perry P. Williams; Secretary, E. Willis; Treasurer and Manager, L. E. Lefferts. The\- employ a force of two Ininilred men at the quar- ries, and tlieir i>ro(lMets maintain a nnilornily hisfh standard of excel- lence, heiir-c nnsin iK.sseil ill (lesi;;n and exeeiition by those of any other house in tlie country. Their sale.srocins in this city are spacious and elegantly appointed, under enterprising; ami ■ xperiein-e.l management. Their stock comprises the handsomest ami m.ist v.ilu able slate mantels ever brought to this city; also, sit |,s and ris. is, roofing slate, blackboards, sinks, tanks, billiard slate, urinals, tile, etc.. etc. Private and public buildings are .supplied witli mantels, wainscoting, tiling, etc., in the finest style, and refer-'iice is made to the work furnished by this company for the Produce Exchange, the Mills Building, the Navarro Flats, Triliune Building, and Temple Court, in this city; the Pittsburg Court-house, at Pittsburg, Pa., and hundreds of other notable specimens of superior work executed for important buildings all over the coimtry. All orders receive prompt attention, and patrons of the N'ew York house are sure to be satisfied and pleased both in the quality and desirability of the goods obtained and in the fairness of the prices charged. G CENTER. Coal, No. 1.559 Broadway - The coa, trade of New York is one of its most important indiisti ies, and counts ^ among its merchants some of the im.st acti\ e and enterpris ing business men of the city. The great coiinietition there is in this line of business requires the maintaining of a high standard among those who wish to control a lucrative trade, and who are compelled to keep an excellent standard with low p-ici s. It is there- fore a high compliment to the standing of the ousiness house of which this article is a brief notice, to say that its trade has been steadily on the increase since the date of its inception, and that it now has one of the largest trades in this line in this .section of the city. The office occupied by Mr. Center is eligibly located at No. 15.5fl Broadway, and the wharves from which the coal and wood are delivered to wholesale or retail patrons are at the foot of West Thirty -seventh and West Forty-sixth streets. Pine, oak, and hickory wood, English and American cannel coal, white and red ash coal of the best quality are constantly on hand, and are promptly delivered to any given address; from five to ten stevedores being employed for the purpose. Mr. Center is a native of this State, and has lived in the metropolis for twenty-five years. P'or this lengthy period he has heen engaged in the coal biLsiness, and is eniiiiently worthy of the success and prosperity of his enterprise. Mr. ( enter has filled sever- al important positions as a leader of church cloirs and iu amatem- concerts. MEAD & EOSSMAN, Plumbers, Steam and Gas Fitters. No. 477 Fourth Avenue.— A prominent and reliable house in New York actively engaged in this useful and important in- dustry is that of Messrs. Mead & Rossinan. wjios,. office and store are located at No. 477 Fourth Avenin". This business was established in 18fiG by the present copartners, Messrs i; M. a.l an.l J. A. Rossman, both of whom are thorouirlily i>ia<-tieal iilnniliers. steam and gas fitters, fully conversant with every detail and feature of the business and the requirements of patrons. The premises oc- cupied are commodious, and are well fitted with every appliance and facility for the prosecution of the business, employment being fur- nished to twenty skilled and able workmen. A complete stock of plumber s, gas-fitter's, and steam supplies is carried ; everything in the way of plumbing, ventilating, gas and steam fitting is executed at exceedingly moderate prices. Contracts for all descriptions of plumbing, etc . are entered into, and the complete fitting up of buildings is satisfactorily performed. Mr. Mead was bom in Mossa chusetts, but was brought up in New York, while Mr. Rossman is a native of the metropolis. In conclusion, we can conscientiously state that this rasponsible firm is in every respect a representative one fn plumbing, and those estabhshing relations with it will secure tbo greatest satisfaction in the thoroughly good nianner in which all work will be accomplished, HS. ALMY& CO., Importers of and Dealers in Crockery, China, Glassware, Lamps, etc., No. 4^ Park Place and No. 87 ^ Barclay Street.— This business was established in IPOS by H. S. & George W. Alniy, who were succeeded in 1S7.S by the firm of H. S. Almy & Co. The members of thLs copartnership, Megsrs. H. S. and George W. Almy, have had great experience in the china and glassware trade, and are fully conversant with every detail of the business and the requirements of jobbers and retailers in all sections of the country. The premises occupied are spacious, and are fully stocked with a splendid assortment of crockery, china, glass- ware, lamps, bui-ners, etc., which are offered to customers at re- markably low iirices. Messrs. H. S. Ahny & Co. have influen- tial eonneetions with the most celebrated European houses and im- pori .lii ec t Hoth partners are natives of Rhode Island, but have resided in New York City for the last quarter of a century. Their business has ever been conducted on a sound and honorable hasis, and they are now achieving a well-merited success. ELLIN & KITSO.V, Architectural Sculptors, No. .-1:1 West I a en- ty-fiist Street.— This fu-m occupies a high positi .ii am n_ I. ml ders of artistic monuments and memorials. K.ith ni' inb. is, Messrs. Robert Ellin anil .John W, Kitson, were born in Eng- land, and are anion;.' oiir leailiiiu' architectural sculptors, being noted for their skill, talent, and just in. thnds. This business was established in 18()S by Ellin Wliitehoiis,., uho were eventually succeeded by the present linn in ise.', Tli. i.ivinis. s (.eeiiiiieil are spacious, and comprise a sulistautial tlir. e sforv binldiim luitcru feet in dimensions, with sheds ami yanls ailjninin;,'. The woiKsliops are completely fitted n]i with all the latest improved appliances and machinery known to the trade, line hundred and fifty to five hundred work- men are often em]iloyeil. and the machinery is driven by a 40-horse- power steam-engine. Messrs. Ellin & Kitson, as architectural sculp- tors, have executed aU the finest work for the following structiu-es: Collegiate Church, Fifth Aveiuie and Foity -eighth Street; Astor Memorial. W. K. Vanderbilfs and Cornelius Vaiuierbilt's mansions; altarsof Grace Church and the Cathedral, Fiftli Avenue; Equitable Building. Mutual Life Company's Building. Samuel . I. Tilden's resi- dence, etc. Their eemetery work covers all branches of the art, statues, busts, ne .lalli. >ns, etc., in any material, and the partners like- wise devote theii- elos,' .attention to the most costly monument or mausoleirn I'.v systematizing the mechanical execution of their work. ^lessis. i;ilin \- Kitson are enabled to ,,IT. r artistic produc- tions at a reasonable cost, and furnish estimat-s I or all kinds of artistic monuments, memorials, and architectural sculpture. JW. STILWELL, Commission, Sale, and Exchange Stables. No. 214 East Twenty-fourth Street —The New York horse market J has grown to overshadow all others in the United States. Even from the famous "blue-grass" region of Kentucky the choicest stO(,k finds the principal demand here, and so with other breeding sections of tlii' country. Among those who li.ive contrib- uted very materially to the development of this maik. t is Mr. .T. W. Stilwell. .Mr. Stilwell was born in New Jersey, and practically all Ills life has had to do with horses; he has thus acquired the widest range of experience coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the best class of trade. He commenced in busingss in I8TO, and early establisheil influential connections; handling very superior un a. li s ..f st. i k. im lmling roadsters, trotters, saddle-horses, family horses, maieheil ],:nv< lor carriages, etc. He occupies a fine two story building, ;fcliX) feet in size, where he always has on hand a large stock to select from, and those guided by his sound judgment and judicious advice can rely upon securing sound, serviceable, and hand- some horses at the most reasonable prices. Sir. Stilwell is busy all the time, selling and exchanging on an average about thirty head a week. His stable is large and commodious, and those desirous of selling or exchanging should forward their stock to him. Mr. Stilwell numbers among his customers many of our most promment citizens, and is to-day one of the leading factors in the New York horse market. 146 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. BURGESS & GODDARD, Importers of White and Decorated Earthenware and China, No. 49 Barclay Street.— The impor tance of New York as a gi'eat commercial centre is forcibly illustrated in every branch of trade, and in none more than the import trade in earthenware and china. One of the oldest estab- lished and a thoroughly representative house in this line is that of Messrs. Bwgess & Goddard, of No. 49 Barclay Street. The business dates its inception back to 1848, when Mr. John Burgess and Mr. John H. Goddard estabUshed a house in Baltimore for the importation of lines of earthenware and china from several of the most eminent manufacturers in Great Britain. The enterprise was immediately and continuously successful; and in 1850 it was decided to move headquarters to New York. The enterprise and energy of the jpro- prietors became proverbial, and in maintaining the front rank in the trade they extended their connections throughout every section of the United States. It was in 1877 that the present copartners, Mr. William Burgess and Mr. H. H. Goddard, succeeded to the proprietor- ship. Mr. Burgess is a nephew of the original senior partner, and a native of Scotland, who in boyhood came to this city permanently to reside. Mr. Goddard, who was born in England, is the resident member of the firm there and a son of the late Mr. John H. Goddard. Their business has been developed to proportions of great magnitude and strictly upon the most legitimate basis of supply and demand. The head office and sample room of the firm is at No. 49 Barclay Street, where a full display of samples from the various manufact- ories controlled by them is kept. They have also offices and sample rooms at the following places: No. 29 Pearl Street, Boston, in charge of Mr. Samuel Clark; No. 728 Arch Street, Philadelphia, in charge of Mr. A. S. Tomkinson; and at No. BS Gorman Street, Baltimore, in charge of Mr. J. R. Marston. Their stock is kept entirely in original packages in free and bonded warehouses. In their well-ordered salesrooms are displayed sample sets in every variety of treatment and embracing all the new designs and original styles, imported direct from the manufacturers, including John Edwards' white gran, ite and porcelain ; Edwards Brothers' printed and decorated ware ; Wedgwood & Co. 's white granite; Lustre band and sprig and deco- rated ware; Burgess & Goddard's white granite; W. & E. Corn's white granite; Wood & Son Co 's white granite and decorated ware; G. W. Tm ner & Son's printed and decorated ware, and G. L. Ash- worth & Bros.' printed and decorated ware. Every feature of ex- cellence is included in the products of the above eminent concerns, whose reputation is world-wide. This stock is a criterion of all that is new, serviceable, beautiful, and ornate in the earthenware trade, and buyers here select for every department of the largest wholesale as well as retail crockery and china houses. -Messrs. Bur- gess & Goddard have customers in every State in the Union, and ai-e steadily extending their connection. The partners are gen- tlemen of ability and integrity, having the highest standing in commercial cij-cles, and their great success, coupled with the control of a first-class trade, is due entirely to their square dealing with their customers, unrivalled facUities, and unremitting industry and en- terprise. MOTT & ROSS. Fifth Avenue Hotel Stables, Livery Stables, Nos. 119 and m West Twenty-third Street.— Among the most popular and well-managed livery and boarding stables of the metropolis are those known as the Fifth Avenue Hotel Stables, centrally located at Nos. 119 and 121 West Twenty- third Street. This business was founded twenty-four years ago by Mr. Samuel C. Mott, who conducted it till 1882, when Mr. Henry C. Ross was admitted into partnership. The stables are spacious, well ventilated, drained, and lighted, and are in charge of careful grooms and staUjnen. Every care and attention are given to horses entrusted to the proprietors, who now command a liberal, influential, and per- manent patronage. Messrs. Mott & Ross have some of the finest and most stylish equipages to be seen in the city, and a stock of superior thoroughbred driving-horses, which can be hired for busi- ness or pleasure, night or day, on moderate terms. Among the car- riages are included some elegant coaches, landaus, broughams, coupes, buggies, cabriolets, victorias, etc. In the stock of horses will be found those suitable for visiting, calling, business, and pleasure, likewise some splendid goers for those who like to make lively movements on the road. The stables are built of brick, three stories high, and are 50x200 feet in dimensions. They can easily accommodate 100 horses, and 40 carriages, etc. The Fifth Avenue Hotel Stables are connected by telephone, and for the convenience of the firm's numerous pa- trons, all district telegraph orders are paid promptly at the office. Messrs. Mott & Ross have a thorough knowledge of the noble ani- mal as to soundness, beauty, disposition, and speed, and likewise know what his wants are, and how to provide for them. A WERNER & CO., Wines, etc.. No. 52 V, arren Street.- The con- sumption of wines in the United States is so vast, and is ^ constantly increasing so rapidly, that the trade necessarily involves considerations of the greatest importance. Among the best known, leading, most reliable and progressive houses engaged in this business is that of Messrs. A. Werner & Co., whose establish- ment is very eUgibly located at No. 52 Warren Street. This house has achieved marked distinction in the trade, and has become thoroughly popular with the consuming public. As pure wines are daily becom- ing more popular with the public, it follows that those establishments selhng the most reliable article wUl soon have its reputation noised abroad, and will receive a generous share of patronage. Such has been the case with A. Werner & Co., and the goods of this concern are now sent in extensive quantities to all parts of the United States. The sole proprietor and manager of the business, Mr. A. Werner, is an expert in every branch of his vocation, and he personally superin- tends the operations of the fifty hands employed by him. He deals in wines of all kinds, sparkUng grape-milk, unfermented grape- juice, extra dry champagne, and makes a leading specialty of clarets and white wines in bottles. His estabhshment has a productive capacity of fifty cases of champagne and fifty of grape makes unfermented per day, and a heavy stock is constantly carried to meet the demands of the trade. All orders are filled on the most favorable terms, and aU persons dealing with Mr. Werner will find him a pleasant gentle- man with whom to have transactions. CHAS. E. P. MEUMANN, Pharmacist, Heyl Building, No. 787 Eighth Avenue, corner of Forty-eighth Street. — The phar- macy of Mr. Charles E. P. Meumann, on the corner of Eighth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street, is one of the best known and most popular in the western section of the city. The business was foimded by Mi-. Adolph Heyl in the year 1876, who sold it to Mr. Schwanzner in the year 1883. Retiring from business, Mr. Schwanzner sold it subsequently to the present proprietor, Mr. Charles E. P. Meumann, in the year 1886. This gentleman was bom forty-three years ago in Germany, and graduated at the Berlin College of Phar macy. In 1870 he came to reside in this city, and has had ample ex- perience in, as he has a thorough knowledge of, dispensing drugs. The store is very elegant in its fittings and appointments, and the stock comprises the finest drugs and chemicals known to the trade, proprietary medicines of acknowledged merit and reputation, fancy toilet articles, perfumeiy, soda and miueral waters, etc. The pre- scription department holds a paramount position in this establish- ment, and no pharmacist in the city more fully appreciates the re- sponsibility resting upon him in this connection, and for this purpose' Mr. Meumann is supplied with the purest possible drugs and chemi- cals, and only skilful and experienced clerks are employed in this branch of the business. J A. MACDONALD, Plumber, No. 296 Sixth Avenue.— Among the successful business men who have achieved a wide reputa- j tion there are none more popular than Mr. J. A. McDonald, who gives his special attention to sanitary plumbing in all its branches, is familiar with the laws of sanitary science, and has had an experience extending over a quarter of a century in fitting up buildings and dwellings, introducing water and arranging ventila- tion, and also making sewer connection and attending to underground drainage, and to properly setting closets, bath-tubs, sinks, etc. Mr. McDonald is one of the best practical plumbers in the city, and the scientific manner 'in which he performs the work has given him a high reputation. He furnishes plans and estimates and also pipe and fittings, etc., and makes contracts. In the conduct of his business he employs -from ten to twenty skilled practical workmen. Among the many houses, buildings, etc., he has fitted up in the city, we cite the Chelsea Flats, the Astor Buildings, Cordova Flats, the Bucking- ham Hotel, Dr. Hall's Church, and many others. A native of Ireland, Mr. MacDonald came to New York when a boy, and has always Uved in the city. He has been established in business since 1861, and has been in his present location during the past eighteen years. THE MHTROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 147 JOHN I'AYE. Agent for the Sale of hi irU l,v tl»- l ar-o; omee, No. (i^G West Thirtieth Strect -ln a w..i k .l. v.iir.i lo auexpo- siliiiii (if the various iruliist rii's of tlif iiirl i ( .| ,, ,lis in a inaiuicr not (iTily scrvii-cahic 1.. Iliosi' wli.. c.iiilih'l llir .liir.T,-nt hn^i- tiuu to ll.e K.-ncnil (.iihlir ■■.■lain,- its i-rs,,iii-.-s. (!„■ Imimi,,-, ,-, cliictea l)y Mr. .Jdm l',iw-,al Ins N.,. liJIi Wrsl ■|iiiili,-l h Sl)v,-i, ■ is deserving of pi-i.niin. ni noi i,-.' 'I'iiis LTi-iitliaiiaii is well Icmo« n in tliis city as ngenl f.u- tho salo of l.i irlv liy liio c'ai^;o, an.l lias Ix-rn prominently engageil in liic laisim-ss lit-rc sincr issi. His connec- tions with liriok niakcrs of the highest repnle throughout this coun- try arc such as tooiialilo him to otfer advantages to the trade and purchasers in tin- \\a\ of ivlialile supplies and rcoiiomy of prices tliat cannot 1)1- ir iiliiN oiii.iiijra I'isiMvhrro. Hiiihlcis, contractors, and proiirrty o;\ m i s i oailil> appi rcial e the IxMirliis secured by pat- ronizing the agencN of )Ir. I'ayc, as his facilities for supplying their can be bought by tlie bushel. When these patterns, etc., were found not to answer all the claims made for lliein, the " Square" came to be the recognized ideal for all measures and drafts, but the u.se of I his n c|uired on the part of the user considerable talent for figures ami .hawing, and also more time than dressmakers could devote lo II . .No dressmaker can take as much time to draft a waist as a tai- lor talics to draft a coat, for she gets only one fifth as much for her work, which is even more particular and diflicult than the coat to (I rait. To such the McDowell Garment Drafting Machine comes as a l>im iiiiniii.' It is a grand invention, that every dressmaker in the lan.l will hail with delight. The brass has been submitted to a gold lacipier process that removes all brassy and ob- jectionable features. In addition to the machine, Mr. McDowell has prepared a book devoted exclusively to the sleeve, which is tilled with illustrations, valuable suggestions, and usefid information not procurable elsewhere, and which is sent with each sleeve-machine. The nuichines made by this company are in great demand from one end of the country to the other. 148 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. CONDIE & SMITH, Pharmacists, No. 198 Ninth Avenue, corner Twenty-second Street.— One of the most valuable brandies of industry in every community of importance is tliat followed by the dispensing chemist and dealer in drugs and chemicals, and it is of the utmost consequence to the public that the persons engaged in this line should be thoroughly reliable and trustworthy. New York is amply provided with drug establishments which enjoy the confidence and esteem of the public, and one of the oldest and best known of these, located on the West Side, is that conducted by Messrs. Condie & Smith, of No. 198 Ninth Avenue, corner of Twenty-second Street. For more than half a century a drug busi- ness has been carried on at this address. The establishment was originally founded in 1835, by Messrs. Wells & Gunn, the place later on becoming Wendover's Pharmacy. In 1843, Messrs. Gabaudan & Condie became the proprietors, and the subsequent firm changes were: Condie & Whittet. Condie & Hunt, Condie & Smith; the lat- ter change in management being effected in 1883. The individual members of the firm, Messrs. James Condie and Reuben R. Smith, are pharmacists occupying a representative position in the profes- sion. Mr. Condie, who is a native of Scotland, came to the United States in 1840, deciding on making New York his permanent home soon after his arrival. He has had forty-eight years' experience in the drug trade, and is a valued member of the New York College of Pharmacy. His partner, Mr. Smith, who was born in this State and has lived in the metropolis since 1876, has passed over sixteen years in the .service of his vocation, and is a master of every department of the profession and an able business manager. The spacious store occupied is admirably situated for trade purposes, is filled up in the most tasteful manner, and its interior arrangement is most sys- tematic and convenient. The heavy stock carried is complete in every department, and embraces a complete assortment of pure, fresh drugs and chemicals, proprietary remedies, toilet and fancy articles, surgical appliances, and druggists' sundries in profuse va- riety. Special attention is devoted to the preparation of medicines from physicians' prescriptions, only the most reliable materials being used, and absolute accuracy assured in all cases. An active trade is constantly enjoyed, the patronage being derived from the best class of customers, and all dealings had with this reputable establishment; are sure to prove profitable and satisfactory. CWORCH. Destroyer of Moths, No. 124 East Twenty-third Street.— A discovery of immeasurable value is that known ^ to the world as C. Worch's Dry-Air Process, or Moth-De- stroying Apparatus, the owner and inventor of which, Mr. C. Worch, has his headquarters centrally located at No. 124 East Twenty-third Street. Probablv every one has experienced the rav- ages and annoyance of loss caused by that most destructive of in- sects, the moth, and has probably used such so-styled remedies as camphor, pepper, tar paper, borax, insect-powder, benzine, naphtha, carbolic acid, etc., all of which not only do no good, but work posi- tive injury. Mr. Worch's metliod of treatment is the only one that has ever proved a specific, and its operation sure and effectual in every case. Mr. Worch's more than twenty years' practical ex- perience, with thousands of references from private families, en- dorsed by the furniture trade in general, and having in this long time rid thousands of pieces of furniture from moths: preserving over 8500,000 worth of furs, clothing, rugs, etc.. annually; three thousand fur cloaks and dolmans alone, have proved that his Dry- Air Process is the only safe and reliable method in existence for eradicating all moths and their eggs from any piece of furniture, etc., wherever they may be secreted, without injury to the finest fabrics, woodwork or gilt, of whatever character. The process can be used everywhere where moths find an abiding place— on furni- ture, carpets, furs, sealskin, velvet, plush goods, clothing, and in dis- inteeiiiig Tin-kish and Persian rugs, ancient works of art, museums, libi;uies. etc. Appended are sample recommendations from a few of the many wlio have experienced the value of the discovery: "After ten years' experience, we have found yoiu- method of de- stroying tncjilis very effective. We can i-ecomrnend it as the only method we know of entirely eradicating them.— E. Vf. Hutchings& Son." " We have every reason to recommend your Moth-Destroy- ing Apparatus, as after an experience of years, we find it to an- swer admirably in killing both the moth and its eggs in furniture. — B. L. Solomon's Sons, 29 Union Square."' " We can certify to the worth of your Moth-Killing Ajiparatus. having made use of it for several years, and take pleasure in recommending it. — A. Low- enbein, Nos. 39 and 41 West Twenty-third Street." A neat pamphlet; giving a description of the moth, the Dry-Air Process, and the prices charged, is sent free on application. Mr. Worch is a native of Germany, came to this city in 1866, and established his business in the same year. He has developed a very extensive trade. THE CONANT MANUFACTURING CO., Piano-Forte and Or- gan Hardware, etc., Nos. 162 and 164 West Twenty -seventh Street.— Among the various industries of New York the pi- anoforte and organ hardware establishment of the Conant Manufacturing Co., Nos. 162 and 164 West Twenty-seventh Street, occupies a leading position in its line. Its steady progress since it was founded in 1853, its enterprise in covering an extended territory in the sale of its products, and the variety and good quality of its productions, together with a just and liberal business policy, serve to recommend it to the best attention of manufacturers of piano- fortes and organs everywhere. In 188G the concern was incorporat- ed, under the laws of the State of New York, as the Conant Manu- facttiring Co., with a capital of S'5,000. The president of '.the com- pany is Mr. Henry G. Elliott, who is a native of Bridgeport, Conn. The secretary and treasurer is Mr. John Cooper, and the vice-presi- dent is Mr. Fred. J. Jessup. The premises occupied for the busi- ness consist of the first, second, and third floors of the building, and these are each 50x75 feet in dimensions. They are fully equipped with all the latest improved machinery, which is operated by steam-power. Fifty skilled and experienced workmen are em- ployed in the various departments of the business, and the manu- factures consist of piano-forte and organ hardware, etc. Piano plates are cast, drilled, and finished in a superior manner, and a specialty is made of hardware for upright pianos. "The manufac- tures of this concern are generally admitted to have no superiors in the market, and the company conmand a trade of large volume and national in its character. The advantages which this house enjoys in the manufacture of this class of goods it promptly shares with its patrons, leading to the establishment of relations mutu- ally agreeable, profitable, and permanent. BBERGM ANN (successor to J. G. Torrilhon), Charcuterie Fran- 9aise, No. 425 Sixth Avenue, between Twenty-fifth and ^ Twenty-sixth Streets.— Deahng in fancy provisions, this es- tabhshment has become a noted and popular one in its vicinity. The proprietor, Mr. B. Bergmann, was born in 1847 in Alsace, then a province of France, and now of Germany. Fifteen years ago he came to New York, and nearly ten years ago started busi- ness in his present line on Third Avenue, whence he removed, nearly three years ago, to his present location. No. 42.5'Sixth Avenue, between Twenty-fifth and Twenty sixth streets. Mr Bergmann piu-chased from Mr. J. G. Torrilhon a large hotel and restaurant trade which he had built up, and Mr. Bergmann has since made a specialty of culti- vating this class of trade. His store is 20x40 feet in dimensions, is handsomely fitted up with marble-top counters and oak fixtures, and presents at all times a neat, clean, attractive appearance. The stock is superb, being carefully selected from the most reliable sources, and is first-class in every respect. It embraces the finest foreign and do- mestic delicacies for the table,|and only the purest and choicest goods are handled by the proprietor, whose reputation for fair and equita- ble dealing is of a most enviable character. He derives a large patronage from the wealthiest famihes in the city, and his business is conducted upon a policy of maintaining the hi.sch character of his goods and of affording the utmost satisfaction to his customers. FRED. J. MAIDHOF, General Engraver, No. 9 West Fourteenth Street —One of the most skilled engravers is Mr. Fred. J. Maidhof, who opened his establishment at No. 9 West Four- teenth Street dming the present year. Mr. Maidhof has had seven years' active experience as an engraver, and is practically versed in every branch of his business. His work-room is excellently equipped for all the purposes of the business, and Mr. Maidhof and his expert assistants are kept constantly busy in filling the numerous orders that come in. Engraving in all its branches is attended to, specialties being made of wedding invitations, visiting and business cards, bill and note headings, monograms and address dies. Particu- lar attention is paid to card work, and a fine plate with fifty cards are furnished at the extremely low price of $1.50. Mr. Maidhof, who is a native of New York, is well worthy of all patronage with which he may be favored. T H Li .W E T R O P O L 1 S O V T O - D A Y 149 MARIANI & CO., Coca Preparutioiis, No. liT Fiflb Aveiiue,- Iti the iiiedical phai niaciipijeia the erythroxylon coca plant has come to occupy a most proiuineut position on account of its higlily nuti itious quahties. The coca plant belongs to the genus Theobroma, sijrnifying, accoriling to the ti reeks, " food of the gods." Engaged in the manufacture and sale of valuable coca preparations— the Via Mariani (wine). Elixir Mariani (cordial), Pate Mariani (Lozenges), The Wariaui (Fluid Extract), are Messrs. Mariani & Co. of Paris and this city. This enterprising and sui-cesstul firm, who*have,gaine(l a woi-Ul-widc icimtal imi I'orll].- snpiMim- cxccliciic.' of their produi-ls. >tai l.Ml Inism.'ss in in l"ai is. Ihrv liavr an establishiniMil at Xo. Il l'.iMili-\alcl llaussMiann 111 1>- r.i i;a-i Sim .-.■nt li Street, and subsequently n-nioM il lo i ii.ir pr.-M-in I... - ii h .n ai Nn. I'j: Fifth Avenue, where they (ir.-iip\ a lian.lsi.iin i\ liilr.l iqi siiac. -jrix^w feet in dinuMislniis, and whciv tli.'V cai iy an iinm.'iisi- stuck .jf their preparations, 'ni." Via Mariani isusnl in all li.ispilals, cliniques, and public institutions in Franco, and is.pivsciiliod ami highly recom- mended by the medical profession. iMom a pamphlet i>ublished by the firm we make the following- exti ads: The l oi inula of Vin Mari- ani is the concentrated extract oi i he leaf ot ei \ t hm \> Ion coca, and an excellent special quality of limileaux wine, eacli liottle contain- ing the medicinal properties of two oinices of the fresh selected leaves. Usual dose is one wine-glassful, about half an hour before or imme- eriod of thirty-three years has conducted a business in this line in New York City. Mr. Tietz was born in Germany, where at an early age he served his apprentice- ship and became a skilful tailor. In 1857, at the age of twenty-seven, he came to this city, and three years later began business on Greenwich Street. Subsequently he was locatetl at several different points in the city, and in 187S secured and finally removed to the present site. The premises are commodious and attractive, and a well-selected and complete assortment of imported and domestic suitings, trou.serings, overcoatings, etc., is carried, embracing all the newest patterns and most fashionable designs. The work turned out at this establishment is invariably of the highest degree of artistic and mechanical excel- lence, and Mr. Tietz has an old-established, high-class patronage drawn from the leading business men of the vicinity. 150 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. WILLLVM R. WARD, Shirt Manufacturer and Importer of Gents" Fine Furnishing Goods, No. 842 Broadway.— The name of Ward has now for over half a century been prominently identified with the trade in the finest grades of gentlemen's furnishing goods. In the year 18^5 Mr. S. W. H. Ward founded the business which has since continued the leading representative of aU that is styhsh, original, and of the most refined character in gentlemen's fm-nishings. The late Mr. Ward continued the business with the largest measure of success, untU 1870, when it finally passed into the hands of his son and daughter, Miss E. M. and WiUiam R. Ward. The firm fully maintained the early reputation of the concern, controlling the very best class of fashionable trade. In January. 1887, Mr. WiUilm R. Ward became sole proprietor, and at No. 842 Broadway carries the largest high-class stock of the new styles of gents' furnishings. Shirt manuf actm-ing, ever the prominent specialty of the house, is still a leading feature, Mr. Ward continuing to make the same splendid shirts to order that have given such general satisfac- tion for years at this establishment. Mr. Ward defies competition, and gentlemen who have not been suited as to fit or fineness of quality elsewhere are particularly invited to leave their measure at Ward's. This is the place to order fine dress shirts at the lowest prices. It is hardly necessary to add that Mr. Ward's stock is the most complete and deserving of attention from the pubUc of any displayed in town. His store is spacious and very handsomely fitted up. We noticed a magnificent display of the newest shades and patterns in fall and winter hosiery; a most beautiful assortment of styhsh ties and cra- vats, having the most tasteful and correct combinations of colors and adapted to all requirements. Here are white and ornamental colored Unen handkerchiefs, silk, merino, and lamb's-wool underwear; shirts and collars, gloves and suspenders, rich dressing-gowns, smoking- jackets, etc.; a splendid assortment of cuffs, breast-pins, etc , having every jeweller's novelty; the nattiest canes and sticks; the best makes of imported and domestic umbrellas. All the choicest impor- tations are fully represented here. Mr. Ward's business is one of the largest in its line, requiring the services of from fifteen to twenty-five hands. Mr. Ward has for the past thirteen years been actively identified with the New York State National Guard, as a member of Co. B, Seventh Regiment, and faithfully discharges the duties de- volving upon him, and no more popular business man than he is to be found along upper Broadway. VICTOR ACKER, Photographer, No. 1.59 Sixth Avenue.— Photo- graphing is a branch of professional industry closely allied to the fine arts, and the exquisite productions of modern artists are well calculated to excite the wonder and admiration of the world. A skilful and popular exponent of this department of in- dustry is Mr. Victor Acker, whose premises are eUgibly located at No. 159 Sixth Avenue. Mr. Acker is a native of this city and a young man thoroughly versed in his art. He learned his profession some thu-teen years ago and for several years was in the employ of " Mora." In the early part of 1887 he established for himself at the present site, and by superior work and popular methods has already secured a large and fast-increasing patronage. The commodious apartments are furnished with elegant taste, and the operating room is supphed with the best improved photographic methods and apphances. Every- thing pertaining to modern portraiture is executed in the highest de- gree of perfection, and among his many patrons Mr. Acker is es- teemed as one of the leading city artists. THOMAS GRIEVE, Upholsterer and Manufacturer of Fine Fur- niture, Curtains, Shades, Draperies, etc.. No. 14S8 Broadway, between Forty-second and Forty-third Streets.— The business of the upholsterer and manufacturer of fine furniture is an important industry in this city and is well represented by men of ability and extended experience, notable among whom is Mr. Thomas Grieve, who has been identified with it for many years, and since 1880 has been in his present location at No. 1488 Broadway. He gives special attention to upholstering in aU its branches, and is an expert in making and putting up curtains and arranging draperies. He gives particular attention to interior decorations, and also manufactures to order slip-covers for furniture, and hangs window-shades, and makes to order parlor and bedroom suits in new. stylish, and fashion- able designs, which are upholstered in the highest style of the art in silk, plush, velvet, brocade, or any coverings required, and attends to repairing and general jobbing in his line of business. He has am- ple facilities for properly doing the very best class of work, and is one of the most experienced practical men in the trade. Mr. Grieve, who was born in this city in close proximity to St. Paul's Chtirch, pos- sesses a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of every department of his business, and is highly indorsed and recommended by the best- class of citizens. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined Colonel Baker's Cahfornia regiment, and served during the war with marked distinction in all the campaigns on the fields of Virginia, with the Army of the Potomac, and at the battle of Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21, 1863; was one of seven men under Captain Louis Berical, who rescued General Baker's body, after he fell, fi-om the rebels. HORTHS, Merchant Tailor, No. 1473 Broadway and No. 607 Seventh Avenue.— In the fine of fine tailoring, Mr. H. Orths J has held a leading position in the metropolis for the past nine years. His store is eligibly situated for trade pm-poses, and his stock of fabrics comprises all that is fashionable in the latest patterns and the most approved styles in both domestic and foreign goods. The most fastidious and critical of customers can easUy be suited as regards fit, fashion and elegance of style and workmanship. AU trimmings, satins, and silks used in the production of garments- made here are made to order by the most noted manufacturers. The facilities of the house for the prompt and perfect fulfilment of all orders are unexcelled, embracing a corps of skilled and experienced workmen, whose operations are conducted under the personal super- vision of the proprietor. Mr. Orths is a gentleman of excellent taste and judgment, and has had an experience of thirty two years as a practical cutter and tailor. He was born in Germany in 1843, spent twelve years in Paris and London, and came to this country in 1873. He has built up a fine patronage in this city among its best citizens, devoting his entire time and attention te furthering the in- terests and meeting the tastes and the demands of his patrons. JOHN H. GARRETSON, Importer of Fancy Groceries, Wines and Cigars, Wholesale and Retail, No. 110 West Twenty-third Street. — There are few business men that possess a finer location or better facilities for supplying the citizens with fancy groceries, etc., than Mr John H. Garretson, whose well fitted-up establishment is situated at No. 110 West Twenty-third Street. The dimensions of the premises are 2.5x80 feet and complete in their appointments and provided with every facility for business purposes. Mr. Garretson is a Uve, wide-awake merchant and is conducting a large trade as an importer and wholesale dealer in fancy groceries, wines and cigars, and always has in stock a valuable assortment of goods, embracing teas, coffees and spices, hermetically sealed fruits and vegetables, condiments and table delicacies, sauces, preserves, and imported and domestic wines and liquors and cigars of the highest standard quality. Mr. Garretson caters to a large regular custom, and employs from eight to ten assistants to attend to their wants. He is thoroughgoing, active, and enterprising, and occupies a high position in commercial circles. A native of New Jersey, Mr. Garretson has for many years been a citizen of New York and identified with the intei-ests of the community. JAMES L. McEWEN, Merchant Tailor, No. 44 East Twenty-third Street.— One of the best known among the prominent merchant tailors in the city is Mr. James L. McEwen, who is a gentleman of unerring judgment, correct taste, and always has upon his counters and tables a general line of superb goods of European pro- duction, including the finest cloths and suitings, and woollens, trou- serings, etc., in all the new styles in accord \vith the prevaiUng fashions. He is a skilled cutter, and designs and fashions ge ntlemen's clothing in a manner at once stamping him as a practical expert and giving him a wide reputation. He gives close personal attention to all orders left with him, and numbers among his patrons many of our leading business men and citizens. Mr. McEwen is the New York agent for Messrs. Smalpage & Son, the celebrated merchant tailors of London, and has always a general assortment of their goods each season on sale. The location occupied by Mr. McEwen is a very de- sirable one, and the neatly fitted up store has an area of 30x45 feet, all the surroundings being made attractive to the most cultured and educated taste. Bom in Scotland, Mr. McEwen arrived in New York' when a young man. He was born in 1839, and has hud an experience extending over thirty years in the tailoring business, and also as merchant tailor. He has been established in business since 1863 in New York, and is very popular in the community as a sterling busi- ness man and exemplary citizen. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 151 JOHN F. McHUGH, Maniifafturer of Awnings, Tents, Flags, and Canvas Articles of every Description, No. 1250 Broadway, l]etween Thirty-first and Thirty-second Streets; Factory, No. I-l!) West Twenty-eighth Street.— The establishment of Mr. John F. McHiigh is the most prominent one in its line in the metro- polis, and it controls a vast trade in the various articles of it.s manufactures. Mr. McHugh, who was born in Ireland, was brought to this city in his childhood, and here in 18G7 he began busi- ness on his own account in a small way, and year by year he has seen his trade grow until it has now attained very extensive proportions, and reaching out to all parts of the Union and to Canada. The goods manufactured by Mr. Mcllugh form quite a formidable list, and include awning cloths, awing frames and furni- on liand the largest stock of canopies, 'chairs, dancing crash, tables, tents, etc., for sale or hire in the city. His wedding awnings, with McHugh's Turn-buckle Stair-rods, suitable for stone stoops, do away with di iving nails in the seams of stoops, thus saving expense of repairs. Must be seen to know their value. Mr. McHugh's parlor camp-chairs are fitted with latest improved fenders, and liis portable extension table, 100 feet long, can be put in a closet iy,xC>]^ feet, 8 feet high. Awnings are taken down and stored for the fall and winter at low charges. For twenty years Mr. McHugh had his salesroom on Broadway and Thirty-third Ktri-ct, but recently a removal was effected to tlie prciiiiscs now oci'iiiiicil. The premises here, com- prising nfticc, show and sales rooms, consist of a three-story build- ing, 20xT0 feet in dimensions. Tlie factory, a four-story building. ture, awnings, balloons, banners, boat-cushions: boat, gun. and sail covers; bow covers, McHugh's; bunting, American, and English; canvas goods, every description; cushions for wagons. Decks and roofs canvased; dyed duck, all widths and colors; ensigns and burgees; fishing-rod case; flags for decorations; horse covers; hair felt for pipes and boilers; hamper covers: hamtnooks, cotton and Mexican; cream-can jackets; Masonic articles; iiose-liags at wliole sale; oiled duck, all widths; sail duck, all bramls ami widths and weights; sail twine; sidewalk canopies: saddle pads: stretchers and ambulance cots; tents in endless variety: tt-nt t iirnisliin-s , ventilators and windsails; j'ellow and black oil idvi ts; y.ioht siil twills and ducks. Tents are made for all purposes an. 1 in any sliavc, fitted up with sundry conveniences. Special attention given to circus or side-show canvases. Lawn and seaside tents m.nle pictur- esque, graceful, and methodical, at the same time can be easily and expeditiously set and removed, and not burdensome in transit. The children's tent is fine, in stock at $7, $10, $1.5, $18, $20. complete. Different sizes on hire. Particidar attention is given to the manu- facture of silk flags and banners, embroideied or gold letters, yacht suits and signals, poles, gold balls, spears, halliards, etc.. etc., brackets or pole-holders (galvanized iron); and gardens and piazzas are covered and fitted up for lawn parties. Jlr. McHugh has always 25x70 feet in dimensions, is located at No. 149 West Twenty-eighth Street, and is connected by private telephone. SALTER BROTHERS, Wool Brokers, No. 98 Reade Street. -The immense brokerage business of tlie metropolis constitutes one of its most important ciminieroial factors, and gives employ- ment to many of tin- al.lcst city rncrclianis. Among the well- conducted and prospci onv lirinscii;;a-:c,l in i his (Icjiartment of trade will be foimd that of Messrs. S;iltci- l'.r..i licrs, brokers in wool. This liousp, alllioui.'li onlv csr,il,lislic,l lr. I. Serven, the well-known man- ufacturer of open brass fire-places. grates, and fenders, is one of the oldest and If .iilitif.' estalili-^-;rs I \ .1. Serven, the present proprietor suc- ceeding to the sole roiid nl in IK.iS, and has always enjoyed a liberal and substantial patronage in this city and throughout the entire United States. The factory is located on First Avenue near Forty- second Street, and is equipped with every convenience and facility for rapid, economical, and successful production. Employment is given to some twenty hands, and the output is universally popular. The salesreoms on Broadway are fully stocked with a splendid as- sortment of tiles of every kind, mantels and open fireplaces, grates, ETiglish and American brass -work, fenders, grates, and fire-irons, and many articles in brass of art and use. Mr. Serven is a native of New York State and an able and experienced manufacturer. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 153 PALM8R & MILEY, Importers of Choice Sherries. I'orts, Clarets, etc. ; Uptown Offices, No. 11^9 Broadway.- Messrs. Palmer & Miley have permanently established at the most central location uptown. No. iVZ9 Broadway, an office and sales department for the highest grades of pure wines and hquors. Heretofore critical buyei-s of case lots or at wholesale had been obUged to travel down town to insui-e getting what they wanted. The new departure taken by Messrs. Palmer & Miley obviates this, while thousands have discovered that many of the choicest sherries and ports, cir , c an only be obtained through these gentlemen's direct iinpoi i.iii -n^ Mi . U. E. Pulnier began the busi- ness upwards of four yrars an l a li.ilf ago, Mr. .1. B. Miley coming inimderthepreseut nami' aii.l si \lr in is-i; lioth ^'cntlcmen bring to bear the widest ran^'c of iiraci ic.il i \i»'ri.-n.v-. an.l. with ample resources at command. Ikh.- .■-tal.li-hi d lin-ci. inlln.-iitial connec- tions both at home and ala-oail Tins |.~ hraihinarliTs for the choice old sherries from tin- w oil.l tann his Mii.N.iiiis ot Messrs. Gonzalez, Byass & Co., al .Irn z lir la I'l oniciM, S|iain. They are enabled to sell these unapproachabk' Ki'ods in cas,- l..ts at from $10 up to very rare and choice old wines at from S-0 to S-i- case. Here are also Ji full assortment of the renowne- (inc Havoi-ed and pure old Baltimore rye. Messrs. Palmer Mili y make a specialty of supplying club and private cellars with siifcially select wine.5 and liquors, and those de- siring to lay down what is worthy of retention should place their orders with this experienced and honorable firm. They already control the trade of leading clubs and prominent citizens, and have developed important wholesale connections very creditable to them. THE RACKET BOOK AND STATIONERY STORE, No. 430 Sixth Avenue, Eihv. C Yoerg, Proprietor. — The admirably con- ducted and i) )jnilar emporium of Edward G. Yoerg, book- seller and stationei , is by common consent one of the finest ■establishments in this line on the avenue. This well-ordered and ex- cellent store was established about two years ago, and from the in- ception of the business has proved a positive and permanent success. This store, which is 20x.50 feet in dimensions, and about to be enlarged to 100 feet in depth, owing to increase of business, is neatly fitted up and excellently kept, and a heavy and first-class stock is constantly carried, including miscellaneous books, literature, fiction, historical and poetical works, recent novels, magazines, periodic als, jiic torials, office ledgers and blank books of all kinds, writiut: iiaix r of e ve ry de- scription, pads, cards, small ware, novelties, and a full and fine line of general stationery, while several courteous and efficient clerks at- tend to the wants of cnstoinc i s. .iiicl altou'cthcT a flourishing business is done. Mr. Yoerg, who is a native- of Nc-w York, fully merits the large and substantial patronage he receives. G S. BERNSTEIN, Manufaetm-er of Novelties in*I)ress and Cloak Trimmings. No. 114 East Fourteenth Street.— The ^ name of Bernstein is one which has for a long time been identified in New York in this department of manufacture. Away back as far'as 18,'ii;this business received its introduction|to this trade, and althoiiKh numerous changes have since taken place in the business the name has all along remained prominently identified in the trade. The trade was first done under the name and style of Bernstein Bros,, later it became Bernstein & Mack, in 18TS it was known as Samuel Bernstein, then Bernstein & Homaine, in 1SS,5 as- suming its present form. The present proprietor is the son of the original Bernstein, and possesses many of the qualities of energy and courage v.'liich were strongly developed in his father, and which made the business a pionfinent one in his day. This younger Bernstein, who filled the position of manager of this establisliment fur eleven years, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y,, and is intimately acquainted with his class of goods, » hich embrace a full line of novelties in dress and cloak trimmings for ladies' use. These are manufactured on the premises. Some are made by hand and others are executed ver.v dexterously on machines specially con- structed for this firm. A number of patterns submitted to our inspection were perfect gei'iis of art. and we were not surprised to learn that the demand for these goods was greater than the supply. The premises occupied in this industry are located at No. 114 East Fourteenth Street, opposite Irving Place, and consist of two floors, each •■ijxSO feet. Here are to be found immense stocks of all these beaiUiful goods Employment is afforded to as many as thirty skilli el opc iaiixc s in getting out the orders which come in from all jiai ts ..l ili.' comitry, 'We should not omit mentioning the fact that a special I cat m c is made of the manufacture of society badges, flags, and banners, He. HOERLE, Merchant Tailor, No. 691 Sixth Avenue, l.e- tween Tlnrly ninth an 1 Fortieth Streets,— Mr. H. C. Hoerle, ^ the wcll-kiio\vn nici c hant tailor, deserves special mention in this line, havin„' l>c-c>ii in the active practice of the art in tliis city sinc e istio. To seek his services once is to be hLs patron always His store is handsomely appointed and contains a stock of cloths and tiimniings that is complete in material, design and novelty, and embraces the best products of American and European manufacture Mr. Hoerle devotes his personal attention to the wants and ta.stes of his patrons, a.ssisted by a corps of skilled work- men, and his work is recognized as perfect in style, fit, and artistic workmanship. Livery and riding habits are made to order in the latest styles and with iiuuctuality, and every garment is made up, trimmed, and fitted to the form of the wearer with the greatest consideration, skill, and care. Popular prices invariably prevail. Mr, Hoerle is a native of Germany and a resident of this country for forty years, DA, SKINNELL, Jlanufacturer of and Dealer in Solid Silver and Fine Plated 'Ware; Office and Factory, No. 1.51 West Twenty- ^ nintli Street,— An enterprise creditable alike to the proprietor and to the city is that conducted by Mr, D. A. Skinnell at No. l.'jl West Twenty -ninth Street, Mr, Skinnell established the business in 1S7T, and by steady apphcation and straightforward dealing it has grown to large proportions. The premises consist of the first floor of a large building, having dimensions of 2Bx7r> feet, and the equipment includes all the various special machinery and appliances requisite operated by steam power. From ten to a dozen hands are employed, and a large business is carried on. Mr, Skinnell, who is a thorough practical business man, manufactures and deals in solid silver and fine plated ware, and makes a special business of Rold, silver, and nickel plating, and also replating and attenclin;; to L,'encral jobbing for the trade. He enjoys excellent facilities, and can quote satisfactory prices for his goods and all branches of his work. Mr. Skinnell is a native of Massachusetts, and has had many years' experience in the business he is engaged in. He has lived in New York many years, and is popular with all who have dealings with him, HARRISON BROTHERS & HOWSON, Importers of Table and Pocket Cutlery, Scissors, etc.. No, 120 Chambers Street; W. C, Hiukiushaw, Sole Agent.— One of the oldest concerns in (ireat Britain engaged in the manufacture of cutlery Ls that of Messrs Harrison ISrothers & Howson. located at Sheffield, Englau'l, The w. .iks ha\ .- been in successful operation for a period extendiuf,' o\c i lort\-tive years, and the goods have been known and sold thrcin;.'Iiout this country for more than thirty -five years, and are standard on the market "in all the great commercial centres. The general line of goods manufactured embraces table and pocket cutlery, scissors, razors, and house-furnishing goods, which are supplied to the trade by Mr. W. C. Burkinshaw, who is the sole agent for the United States, Mr, Burkinshaw has had charge of the agency during the past ten years, ami is very popular. He is a native of Eng- land. Commodious premises aixSO feet in size are occupied at No. 126 Chambers Street, where a large stock of this well k-no^vn firm s goods is carried. 154 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. BROWN & PLYMPTON, Tailors, No. 36 East Fourteenth Street, Union Square — As in all other lines pertaining to wearing apparel, so in the matter of gentlemen's clothing is New York the recognized centre of fashion in this country, and here are to be found the ablest and most artistic tailors in America. Two of the most famous of these are Messrs. Mortimer Brown and Charles r-. Plympton, whose popular establishment is centrally located at No. 3lj East Fourteenth Street, Union Square. Mr. Brown, who is a native of New York, is one of the oldest members of his profession in the city. He established business on Broadway a half -century ago and successfully conducted a thriving trade for many years. Mr. Plympton, a native of Portland, Me., has for the past thirty years been one of the most celebrated cutters in the metropohs. and his scientific ability in this line is well known. It wiU thus be seen that the copartners bring to bear in their opera- tions the most ample experience and highest possible skill. The business of their house was founded in 1878 by Messrs. C. R. and G. S. Plympton, under the firm style of Plympton & Co., and was continued under their joint control until 1887, when the present management came into possession. The premises occupied are not only commodious and admirably fitted up, but contain a splendid as- sortment of the finest goods, directly imported from the leading Eu- ropean manufacturers, and from which the most fastidious and critical customer can easily suit himself, while the fit and finish of the house are too well known as perfection itself to require comment at our hands. From ten to twenty-five assistants are employed by Messrs. Brown & Plympton. AU orders are given the promptest fulfilment, while the best of satisfaction is guaranteed. GRISSLER & FAUSEL, Carpenter and Builders, Nos. 632 to 640 East Seventeenth Street; Oflice, No. 6.32 East Seventeenth Street. -Prominent among the leading firms in the metropo- lis engaged as carpenters and builders is that of Messrs. Grissler & Fausel, whose office and workshops are centrally located at Nos. 633 to 640 East Seventeenth Street. This business was established in 1800 by Messrs. Grissler & Fausel, who con- ducted it till 188,5, when Mr. Fausel died after a long, honorable, and brilliant career. Mr. Grissler is now carrying on the business under the old firm name. The premises occupied are spacious, and comprise a superior four and five story brick building, having a frontage of 125 feet by a c'epth of 100 feet. The workshops are equipped with all the latest improvort wood-working machinery, tools and appliances known to the trade, which are operated by a superior 12,")-horse-power steam-engine. One hundred carpenters and operatives are employed in the workshops, and very often 250 outside. Mr. Grissler ic widely known as a thoroughly practical carpenter and builder, with the advantage of ample experience and every facility for the prompt filling of the largest orders. He is prepared at all times to contract for the repair or alteration of old premises, and the erection and fitting up of new buildings. Orders are carefully and promptly filled at the lowest possible prices, and the trade of the house extends throughout all sections of New York and the neighboring States. Mr. Grissler fitted up the following in a very superior manner, viz., Puck Building. Na- varro Flats, Berkshire Flats, Barnett House, etc., and many other extensive buildings in all sections of the city. He was born in Germany, but has resided in the United States for the last forty years. Mr. Grissler justly merits the signal success achieved by him in this important and valuable industry. JB. FREES, Druggist and Botanist. No. 179 Sixth Avenue.— This gentleman has been established in the business here ^ continuously since 18.50, and is recognized as one of the ablest and most experienced druggists of the metropolis. His store is spacious in size, elegantly and elaborately fitted up, and perfect in convenience of arrangement for inspection and sale. The stock consists of pure fresh drugs, chemicals, botanic medicines, eclectic and pharmaceutical preparations, perfumery, toilet articles and fancy goods. Physicians' prescriptions and family recipes are made a specialty, and are compoimded in an accurate and skilfiil manner, demonstrating in their preparation the highest standard of professional attainment, and the department being under the most thorough and experienced supervision. The proprietor manufac- tures a number of remedies which have a wide sale, including Cough Syrup, Witch Hazel, and Cod-liver-oil Emulsion. Four assistants contribute to the satisfactory operations of the house. Sir. Frees has resided in this city since his childhood, and is a member of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association. CHARLES B. GEDNEY, Steam Carpet-cleanmg Works. No. 1564 Broadway.— In 1874 Mr. Charles B. Gedney originally es- tabUshed his steam carpet-cleaning and renovating works, which are located at Nos. 243, 245, 247, and 249 West Forty seventh Street, with the main office at No. 1564 Broadway. This is one of the largest and most ably conducted establishments of its kind in the city, and since the inception of the enterprise an influen- tial trade has been developed throughout this and adjoining cities, and orders by mail or telephone receive immediate attention. The works are very large, and fully supplied with all facilities and con- veniences needed in carrying on the business of cleaning, airing, scoiu-ing, and disinfecting carpets of all kinds by the latest and best patent process ; improved machinery and many skilful hands being employed for the purpose. Carpets are taken up and relaid by ex- perienced workmen, and are also packed with a preparation which effectually preserves them from moths, and are stored at reasonable rates. Mr. Gedney gives his personal supervision to the work of his employees, and permits none but the most satisfactory work to leave his establishment. He is thoroughly versed in every detail of the business, and has built up his extended and permanent trade through his own indefatigable efforts to give entire satisfaction to his patrons in New York, Brooklyn, and Jersey City. The charges for all labor are very reasonable, and special rates are made for hotels, steamboats, and public buildings. Mr. Gedney is a native of New York City, and is prominently identified with its leading and representative business men. FRANKE & CO., Importers of Havana Cigars and Dealers in Key West and domestic Cigars; also Importers and Dealers in Wines and Liquors, No. 1127 Broadway.— The establish- ment doing business at No. 1127 Broadway was founded in March, 1887, under the firm name and style of Franke & Co. The individual members of the copartnership are Messrs. Johan Franke, Otto Franke, and Gustave F. Speckel. These gentlemen are engaged in the wholesale and retail cigar business. They are the general agents of " Monopole" cigarettes and tobacco, and im- porters of Havana cigars and dealers in Key West and domestic cigars. They are also impoiters of and dealers in wines and liquors. The premises occupied by Messrs. Franke & Co., at No. 1127 Broad- way, are very elegantly and elaborately furnished internally. The fittings are of the most artistic order, and the whole air of the place is suggestive of comfort and luxury. The store, which has dimen- sions of 25X.50 feet, is finished in oak. At the rear of the store is a beautiful reception-room for the convenience of the firm's friends. Two large show-windows flood the premises with light; in a word it is a first-class saloon and cigar store combined. Patrons of the place know well the superior quahty of everything here kept, and they further know that the prices quoted by Messrs. Franke & Co. are as low as first-class goods can be purchased for. Messrs. J. & O. Franke are natives of G ermany, whilst Mr. Speckel was born in France. They are young, active, energetic business men, who en- joy not only a good patronage but the confidence of all with whom they are brought into contact. GRADY & McKEEVER, Dealers in Fine Ai ts, Designers and Manufacturers of every description of Picture-frames, No. 719 Sixth Avenue, corner Forty-first Street.— A leading head, quarters for specimens of art in New York Ls the estabUshment of Messrs. Grady & McKeever, located at No. 719 Sixth Avenue, cor- ner of Forty-first Street. This firm are extensive dealers in fine arts, and accomplished designers and manufacturers of every description of picture frames. The business was founded in 1871 by Messrs. Ren- ner& Co., who were succeeded by the present firm in 1882. The sales- room and art gallery are elaborately fitted up. The stock of pic- tures is selected with taste and judgment, and offered at prices that meet the tast«s and the means of all classes of people. There are few manufacturers in this city who understand so thoroughly the framing of pictures as does this firm. Their factory is located at No. 218 West Forty -second Street, and every facility is afforded for prompt, sys- tematic, and successful work. The patronage in all branches of the business is large, first-class, and influential. The firm is composed of Messrs. Josseph Grady and John McKeever, both natives of New- York State. r H E M E T R O P O L I S O F T O - D A Y . 155 METROPOLITAN MARKET, No. 9aa Broadway, Alb. Baer, Proprietor.— The provision, fruit and vegetulilc trade of New York is one of tlie city's most important inter- ests, and some exceedingly fine goods are handled by our leading establishments. Prominent among the number thus re- ferred to is the Metropolitan Market, No. '.Ki Broadway, of which Mr. Alb. Baer is the popular and eiilcrpi isim; iii o|iric tiir. This Imsiness was established originally in is.vj. l>y "Mr. .I.ihii W. Salic i-. whij con- ducted it tillJune, 1K87, when Air. All.. Ha. r lict-anu' scil.- jiicpi-ictor. The premises occupied fur this cxti nsiM' l.nsiiiess are centrally lo- cated. The salesrooms, ric . aiv an .ini;. ,! and fitted with special reference to the trade, wliicli iii\ohi s iIh- li uuUiug of vast quantities of meats, provisions, game, i>c)u]try, liuils, and vegetables, and it may be safely asserted that in business, nuality, and variety the stock car- ried by this concern has no superior in the city. The improvements that have been dcviseil of late for the preservation of perishable goods an' found in this market in successful operation, and these in- ventions anil n I ri.'. 1 ators at all times insure freshness of meats and excellent qiiaiily. Tlie Metropolitan Market is a model of cleanliness and neatness, strict supervision being given to every detail by the proprietor. Mr. Baer makes a specialty of always keeping on hand the finest hot house fruits and vegetables through the winter, w^hile in the lines of meats, poultry, and game, this market has no superior. A specialty is made of supplying and provisioning gentlemen's yachts while marketing is sent promptly to all parts of the city and country. Mr. Baer emiiloys twenty e-xrperiencetl salesmen, assistants, etc., and ten wagons. Many of our leading citizens and prominent fami- Ues deal here season after season, which speaks well for the way in which this popular establishment is conducted. Mr. Baer was for- merly a member of the firm of Perceval & Co , dealers in provisions. Sixth Avenue He was born in Alsace, but has resided in the United States for the last sixteen years, and is highly esteemed by the com- munity for sound business principles, energy, and integrity. The aim of this establishment ha.s been not only to gain custom but to re- tain it, which object has been secured by always supplying customers with the finest and best provisions, meats, etc., obtainable in the country. THE VIENNA AND PARIS ART CO , Hugo von Asten, Proprie- tor. No. 14 East Fourteenth Street. — During the past decade many valuable improvements have been made in art, and among those who have kept pace with the advance made is the "Vienna and Paris Art Co., whose studio or atelier is located Room 2 in the spacious building. No. 14 East Fourteenth Street. The company is the outgrowth of the business established by Von Asten & Co. in April, 1887, but since May, 18S7, it has been continued un- der the present name and style, by Mr. Hugo von Asten. The premises have dimensions of 20x60 feet, and are finely fitted up, and from six to eight artists of acknowledged ability, good taste, and judgment are employed. A special business is made of life-size crayon, pastel and oil portraits copied from tiutyjies or photos, the work being executed with marvellous skill and finished in the high- est style of the art. Satisfaction is always guaranteed, and the prices will be found lower than any other first-class establishment in the city. The business of the concern is large and widespread, and all who have examined tlie heaniifiil work produced speak in unqualified terms of the artistic manner in which it is executed. Mr. Von Asten, who is an Austrian by birth, has lived in New York during the past three years, and is very popular. JOHN H. TRULL, Dentist, No. aC.i West Forty-second Street, corner Eighth Avenue.— Among the leadin- and most popular dental practitioners in this quarter of (he city m.ay be men- tioned the name of John H. Trull. Dr. Trull, who is a native of Hudson, Mass., is a graduate of the State of New York College of Dentistry, and is thoroughly conversant with every feature and phase pertaining to modern dentistry, alike in its mechanical and scientific branches, capable and reliable, and has had a practical and successful experience extending over seven years. Commencing practice in Massachusetts, and later at Nos. ae,") and 267 Fulton Street. Brooklyn, he continued there up to 188:5, when he moved to this city, and here he soon established a large and flattering patronage. He occupies spacious and elegant quarters on the second floor, and is equipped with the most improved appliances and general appurte- nances, attending to all branphes of the profession. Teeth are extracted without pain by laughing-gas or the new freezing process in the most superior and expert manner, while filling, adjusting, mounting, and artificial work of every description are executed in the highest form of the art. CHARLES MacEVOY. Leather Manufacturer p.nd General Deal- er, Morocco and Kid a Specialty. No. 34 Warren, corner of Church Street; Works, Newark, N. J.— The name of MacEvoy has become deservedly familiar and respected in the whole- sale leather and boot and shoe manufacturing trade of the United States. The business was founded in 1862 by Messrs. VVm. Bulterfield & Co., who covered the general lines of shoe-finding and leather. In 1883 Mr. MacEvoy succeeded to the proprietorship of the leather department, and reorganizing the business, bringing to bear the widest range of practical experience, coupled with perfected facil- ities and influential connections, he speedily achieved an enviable reputation for the great superiority of everything he carried in stock. Mr. MacEvoy is a leading manufacturer of all varieties of fine morocco, Dongola glazed kid being a specialty, as also his "Globe brand " of calf kid, fly lining, etc., etc. His new manufac- turing establishment is located at No. 203 Bank Street, Newark, N. J., and is a substantial four-story and basement brick building 125 feet front by 100 in depth, and one of the most completely fitted up as regards machinery and appliances in the United States. Mr. MacEvoy employs on an average from 75 to 100 hands there, and en- forces a thorough system of organization. All the best processes are followed, he allows none but the best grades of skins to enter the works, and under skilled supervision the utmost care is exerci.sed that all morocco and other leathers produced there shall be main- tained at the highest standard of excellence. His salesrooms are very conveniently located at No. 34 Warren Street, corner of Church Street, New York, 25 by 80 feet in dimensions, and wliere is carried at all times a complete Al stock of all varieties of morocco, cura(,oa, brush kid, and Dongola kid, calf kid of his famous " Globe " brand : sheepskins in all varieties of finish and color ; the choicest French and American calf skins, buff and grain leathers, patent leather, welt leather, buckskins, chamois skins, best French kid, lace, hem- lock, oak, and Union sole leather, inner soling, shoe counters in all varieties, sock lining, etc. Mr. MacEvoy is also the agent for the Evans Artificial Leather Co. He has developed a far-reaching con- nection, shipping direct from his factory to many of the leading leather merchants and boot and shoe manufacturers in the United States. He is a native of Ireland, resident in the United States for fully forty j'ears past, having been raised in this city. JC. VETTER & CO., Electricians. No. 214 East Forty-seventh Street.— Among the well-condu<-ted and deservedly prosper- ^ ous industrial enterprises which line this ;.'re,i[ li\isiness dis- trict will be fotmd that of the Messrs. .1. ('. Vetter & Co., patentees, and manufacturers of the Le Clanche Galvanic and Faradie Batteries for medical use Tlu'se instruments are all constructed with the vario\is |i,itrnieil iniiuovements, which years of experi- mentsand experience in this line have brought forth, and make their batteries the very best to be had. Prominent physici.ans from eveiy point of this extended country, as well as all the leading hos- pitals and institutions, have procured them, and all commend them as the Model batteries. The Messrs. Vetter ..t Co. will in a short time place on the market the long sought-for Le Clanch^ Galvanic Portable Battery, for which verj- many orders have been received. They will surely be highly prized. They also make otlier electrical appliances, such as burglar alarms, annunciators, bells, night watchmen's time detectors, door-openers, gas lighting, etc , with which they are prepared to contract to furnish entire build- ings. Messrs. Vetter it Co. are thoroughly practical exponents of the different branches of this skilful industry. With all the best improved methods and appliances a goodly number of skilled hands are employed, and the work turned out has a standard value, and commands a wide market. Their success is but a i-eflex of their well- directed technical and practical efforts in its promotion. 150 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. MORSE MUSICAX, STRING MFG. CO., Manufactiuers of Strings for all kinds of Musical Instruments, and Dealers In Piano-wire. Steel and Brass Wire, etc., Nos. 433 and 43.5 Seventh Avenue.— The United States annually manufactures and imports large quantities of musical instruments and miscella- neous merchandise. The fact that such manufactures and importa- tions grow in number and value from year to year is pleasing proof of the spread of that musical education which is an evidence of a higher civilization. Mr. John T. Slorse, the well-known proprietor of the Morse Musical Sti-ing Manufacturing Company, at Nos. 43-i and 435 Seventh Avenue, may be justly classed among those in the music trade of this city who, bringing large practical experience, deep research, and study int } every detail of their business, attain what can be obtained in no other way— excellence in their chosen business or profession. This company are extensive manufacturers of strings for all kinds of musical instruments, and are large dealers in piano ■wire, steel and brass wire, etc., having been established in the busi- ness here since 187S, Mr. Morse having a practical experience of twenty-eight years. To day the Morse Musical String Manufactur- They use nothing but the finest Italian silk in stringing. These machines, which are entirely automatic, are so beautifuUy con- structed that one girl can run two, three, a»id four. She puts the work into one and, while that is running automatically, she puts the work into the other. Each machine tui-ns out 800 to to 1300 strings a day and as there are forty now running this gives a total daily production of 40,000 to 50,000 strings, which, as the product of one house, will give some idea of the magnitude of the business in this country, which in all kinds of musical strings is estimated to be from two to three millions of dollars a year. Enormous quantities of steel strings are now used for violins and small instruments. For the.se the firm have some eight machines which produce about thirty gross a day each. The demand for them is so great that they cannot begin to fill their orders for them. The use of steel wire for violins, guitars, banjos, etc., is a new thing and has only come into vogue during the last eight years. Silver wire is used for the wrapping. This is imported from Germany, which fur- nishes the best. The Morse Company always carry from glO.OOO to $15^000 worth of wire on hand. For this silver wire they pay all the I860— Halls of Justice, or the Tombs. ing Co. of which Mr. Morse is the sole owner, is not only the largest but the most complete and reliable firm of its kind in the world, and is the only house that makes all kinds of strings for musical instru- ments, especially silk violin strings. The special and unequalled facilities which the Morse Company have for turning out the best work consists in their possession of the largest number of improved and patented machines owned by any firm in the same business in the trade The premises occupied for manufacturing and trade purposes comprise four floors, .50x60 feet each, admirably equipped for the business, provided with steam-power, and furnishing steady employ- ment to sixty-three hands, all skilled in the art. The capacity for piano work alone is some one hundred and fifty complete sets of strings a day. They supply many of the leading houses in Boston, New York, and all over the country. The capital ah-eady invested in machinery alone is considerably over $40,000. One special advantage in using their piano wire is that they take out the spiral twist in the steel wire which causes false tones even in plain strings. The firm possess spinmng machines which make ten thousand revolutions per minute. The largest number of revolutions made by any other ma- chme in the trade is but one thousand. They have forty machines for stringing small strings used for violins, guitars, banjos, etc. way from $2.50 per kilo to $!)8 per twelve ounces. Sometimes they use gold wire, which cost them $120 per twelve ounces. In handling the steel wire one of the great troubles was the strong tendency to "rust" from the natural dampness of the human hand. This the Morse Company have entirely overcome by the use of "Belmontyle Oil," which is entirely controlled by Mr. Morse, and which he has introduced to the piano trade. No house in this line in the countiy is better or more favorably known, and the pi oducts here t\u-ned out have gained an enviable reputation throughout the United States and Canada, resulting in a splendid trade in all parts of the extensive territory named. Mr. Morse is a native of Maine, and a recognized authority in his line of manufacture. Thirty years ago he went to work for a manufacturer of pianoforte action and strings in Cambridge, Mass. There he remained for si.xteen years, and when he left he was considered to be one of the most expert workmen in the business. He then started a concern of his own with a part- ner by the name of Steadman, but matters not running as he wished he came to New York and started in business for him- self near his present location, Mr. Morse is a gentleman of high business standing in tliis city, and a practical and accomplished musician. THE AUrr R O P O L I S OF TO-DAY. 157 JW. JARBOE & SON, Sheet Iron Works, and Manufacturers of J. W. Jarboe's Celebrated Eureka Paints, Nos. 519 to 5^3 East ^ Nineteenth Street. -A successful and reliable house in New York, engaged in the numufiui luc m Inin 'I'liiiKs. Evapo- rators, etc., is that of Messrs. ,). W. .larl A Sen. wlmse sheet-iron works are centrally located at Nos !(■ .'r.>:; iv.isi Niiieteriil li Street, This business was e.stablished in I'^ m by .1. W, .l.u b...-, « li.> e. iiulurled it till 1875, when he admitted bis son :\lr. (icoi -.- .Iiu li...' im. . i n. r ship. The works are eoniir.odi. .n-., ami are sii|i|ili.il wiili all modern appUaiiees. maeliineiy, i.hiN, i-i,-.. ii. <'i ssai-,\ i is ilnveli sleani pMUcf. Me.iSI'S. J. W. ,Iarl)oe A- Sou iiiaiiulaet iin' In .hiI.t or olheruise sugar-cooling iron wagons, clariliers, evaiioratms. iimi lanks, smoke- stacks, etc. They supply plantations w ilb inaehiiiei y, anil niaUi' a specialty ol" .1. W. .Iarl)oe's Celebrated Aei.l j'l-oc.r aii.l I'.ureka I'aiiits, which \sere irn.Mite.l 1 ly that -eiitleinan in 1m;i. ih.av lirin_r ii. .tiling in the uiark.-i at llial lime that mel the wanN el ih.- irail.' in a paint thatwuikl resist riisl, acids, etc. In isiil )ie invenled .1. W. .lai'boe's Acid 1 'roof and other paints for the use of suf;ar plantations, sn^ar refineries, oil i i iim ries, breweries, etc., is the only ai tiele thai ean be used to witbstan l the severe wear and tear on tlie in^iile .ii hniior tanks, clariHei-s, defecators, vacuum pans, centririi-,il maelnnes, and sugar wagons for sugar and other pui-poses. These j.aints lia\ e lii . n used with great success for the last twenty years, and all vessels coated inside with .1. W, .larboc's Diamond Enamel are a great saving to their ow ners. ( ■rni rit iiLcal machines coated over the steel baskets with Ibis |)aint aiv pi esi'rved from being eaten out by the sugar acid, and thereby Ironi hiirslin;,' with deadly injury to those who use them. Inaddiiion to the iii oiliu ticii of the above-named specialties, the firm maiiulaeinre ,J, W. .larlioe s Celebrated Eureka Pauits. One coat of this applied to roofs, either tin, iron, or wood, will last ten years. These paints make leaky roofs perjnanenll\ ti:;lil, and for preserving tin, iron, and wood are absolutely tmeipialled. one gallon of the Eureka Paint covers 400 square feet, hardens the ->vood and checks further decay by coating over the decaying part, and is the only paint that can be used with a satisfactory result. Messrs. J, W. Jarboe & Son apply it themselves to roofs, or sell it by the gallon. The trade of J. W. Jarboe & Son extends throughout all sections of the United States. Both Messrs^ J. W. and George Jarboe are natives of New York. THOM & WILSON, Architects, No, 1267 Broadway, Room 23.— Among the most enterprising and popular tinns of architects wlio share in the credit of New York's arehitectnral beauty is that of Messrs. Tlioin .V Wilsmi, wlm^e ..tliees ai e l..eate,l atNo. 1207 Broailway. Hotli the enpai tneis. Messrs. Arthur ^I, Tlioni and James W. Wilson, have attained marked iiromineiue in their profession, and siii.-e (he oi u-an i/al inn of their liian here in Is;-,; have designed and earri.-d thion-li te unpi.-tion niany.f the most im- portant inil.lie iMiildiii-s. iHisiness sinieiines, an. I handsome private mansions ill tlie,-il\-. ■I h,-; lia\ e ai/hie\ ed -re,-ir si le, -ess both as re- gards e.xtenni- el. -,i,-ai and ih.-e.pially iin|:.H iaiii .1. ■tails of the in- terior, and :iiake a lea.ling speeiahy of desi;,'iiin^' private residences. Limits p£ space allow us to name only a few of the buildings designed and erected by them, i^mong them sbonld be mentioned the Aristou apartment building at Broa.lway an.l Fifty fifth Street; a large apartment hotel at Seventy f.mrlli Sii-.-et an.l Tenth ,\\cmi.-; The Home Bank, Forty-secoii.l Sti.-et west ..f Ki„-hth Avt iuie; The Martha Memorial Cbiirob, on West FiFtv-se.-..,i.l Slivr; the (i. rinan Masonic Hall on East Fifteenth Streei ; tli." ri in.'edni apartment house on W.^st Filly-seventli SIre.'t; Wm. Ciiniib.-irs wall-jiaper factory on West l''iirt> st ml Street; an.l a lai^c.' st.ui' eovering three lots on W.-st Tw eni y - 1 bii-,I Stn-et, lor Wm. Fis]i,-r, Their services are in . instant .l.-man.l in tliis eity and .-t.l j. .inin_' Stati's, and are proinpil\ an.l saiisfaetorily remlereil in all eas.-s. Their work is recognized as being of the highest order of talent, their charges are fair and reasonable, and their business methods are hon- orable, enterprising, and reliable. CIIAMl'ION LAUNDRY WORKS ; Works. Nos. lOfi and lOS Seventh Avemie; Main Offlee. No, -lOSSi.xth Avenue.— The city of New York is the happy pos,sessor of a ninuber of very superior establishments for doing laundry work, the Clmmpioii Laimdry Works, to which we now wish to call particular reference, being among the most notable. The value of such institutions in a city of New York is not, upon first sight, fully understood. The daily traveller, he who is constantly travelling, heartily appreciates this facility, where with promptness and despatch he can have his clothes " done up" in flrst class style. The facility is also great for thousands of citi- zens in New York, who, living in Hats and rooms, have not ac- commodation to do much washing themselves. And the prices at w hieli laundry work is now being done iu the city of New York are sii. h I hat it is much cheaper than when done at home. This is an- .iih. 1 instance of what money and facilities and new machinery can aee.niiplisli, Tlie Champion Laundry Works possess ample capital an.l e\eeil.-iil lac ilii i. s. I h. > own the finest equipment of machin- ery, iiiiis, wi iii:,'' rs, .li Mii- ipptiratus, etc.. of any laundering con- e. rn in New York, It lieeame an incorpoiated company in the M ar is77, under the laws of the State of New York. Their works are loi ated at Nos, 106 and 108 Seventh Avenue, and, as we have already intimated, are thnmnglily complete in every known equipment re- quired. For the < MM Ml. 11. . . .f their customers they have opened offices all thr..ni_'li.iiit ih. . iiy, The foUowing are the principal ones: Main ofli. . , .\.. ms Sixth Avenue. Branches: No. 1023 Ninth .\M iiiie; N.i ss.; I iL hill Avenue; No. 254 Eighth avenue; No. 167 'I hiiil .\\. line; N. . s-'l Si.\th Avenue; No. 731 Sixth Avenue; No. 420 Si.xih .\\. iiii. ; N.. l."d West Twenty-third Street; No. 2 West Four- lee nth sn .-. t. 1 11.- pi .-si.h-nt of the company is A.Wallach, Esq,, with .\. N. c. ill. Ml, Fs.p, s. cr. i.irv and treasurer. Both are young, ac- tive, enei ;4.die men, born m the metropolis, and are thoroughly con- ver.saut with the requirements of the business in every detail and department. NEW YORK MILK AND CREAM CO.. No. 431 Sixth Avenue, near Tw. nty-si.xl li Street, and No. 305 West One Hundred an.l Twi iitN lifih Sir.-et, near Eighth Avenue.— Of all the articles of food which enter into the routine of our daily life, of none is purity so essential a quality as that of milk and its products. The New York Milk and Cream Co., incorporated in 1882, has since then built up a reputation which places it above criticism. The .■ompaiiy 's main dairy is at No. iM Sixth Avenue, and they have an.iihn .sialilishment alNo, 305 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Stieei, and they eniiiloy fifteen milk wagons, and thirty hands to distribute their Orange Coniitv niilk an.l cream. Every thing about these ilairies iniUcates the ;;r. ai>'st l ai.- .in.l . l.-anliness, and every facilit}- and appliance is mad.' use ..f, m. I n.i iiig n-f i igerators, in order that llie milk may lie .l.-hv.-re.l t.i ciist..iMers as imre and sweet iis when il ai iiM-il fn.iii 111.' fanii. Tla- milk is l,.,tlle.l and sealed at the .lair\- an.l piirit,\ i^ KHaranleeil. Fr..m 2.":(iil to IddO (piarts are disp.iseil of .laily, an.l 111.- cun-eni is eli.-ia fiill>- commended to rea.iers of our n-view, in tin- (-..nlileiice that Iheii- interests and healtli will be coiisnlte.l in UsiiiK th.- milks an.l la. l.-al jiroducls of this company, Tlie presi. lent and nianaK' r I'r, It. U. Stoue, who is a native of Illinois; and the suiie' inteiKlent, Mr. C C Hrowne, was born at Brooklyn, h. I, There is a cosy, i vein, ni, and nicely fitted-up lunch department oonnecte.l with the business, where excellent refreshments, e;peoiall.\' of the lacteal kind, can be enjoyed at all hours of the day a \ ery small cost. WJI. B PARKIN & CO . Druggists and Apothecaries. No, 421 Eighth Avenue. — The history of this establishment dates back thirty years, when it was started by Mr. William 13. Parkin For the past nineteen years it has as- siimeil its pres. nt f.irm. Sp. eial features are made of the sale of En;;lish, Fn-ncli, C ini ui, an.l American chemicals and extracts, Luiiin's, Low's, an.l .iilier s.,a]is, perfumery, toilet, and fancy arti- cles. The main liusin.-ss ,.f tl st.iblisbment, however, is the mak- ing up an.l eonipoiin.liii;.' of ).li\ siciaiis" prescriptions. In this de- Iiartnient Messrs, Wm, D, Parkin & Co, have gained a high place of distinction, imt mily by reason of the pure and unadulterated ingre- dients w hieli they use in compounding, but the care and accuracy with w hich these goods are compounded. In testimony of this it is stated that during the thirty years of the firm's history not one in- stance has been shown where any error has taken place, or any one caused inconvenience or injury. The premises occupied in this business are admirably and centrall.v located, and are tastefully fitted up and arranged according to the purpo.ses of the business. The trade here executed conies for the most part from city custom- ers, and several competent and efficient clerks are kept busy waiting- upon customers. The members of this co-partnership, Messrs. Wm. B, Parkin and Wni H Boyd, are both active, energetic business men who stand high in both commercial and social circles. 158 ILLUSTRATED NtW YORK. JOHN McCLAVE, Wholesale and RetaU Lumber and Hardwood Merchant, Twenty-second Street and Eleventh Avenue.— An examination of the leading industries of the metropolis reveals • the fact that there are some houses that are justly entitled to be termed representative by the prominence they have achieved in their particular line of business. In the wholesale and retail lumber and hardwood trade Mr. John McClave has attained a leading posi- tion, owing to the just system adopted by him and the promptness with which all orders are filled. The yard and planing-mill are cen- trally located on Twenty second Street and Eleventh Avenue. This business was originally established in 1862 by McClave Brothers, who conducted it till 1875, when Mr. John McClave became sole proprietor. The planing mill is a spacious four-story and basement building, 200x80 feet in dimensions. The workshops are fully suppUed with the latestimproved woodworking machineiy, tools, and appliances known to the trade. Two hundred experienced workmen are employed, and the machinery is drawn by a superior 175 horse-power steam-en- gine. Mr. McClave deals largely in all kinds of lumber and hardwood. He can always quote satisfactory prices for all branches of work, and has furnished his productions for many of the finest buildings erected in Ne%v York and its vicinity. A stock of 5,000,000 feet of lumber and hardwood is constantly on hand, and the sales for the past year amounted to 18,000,000 feet. Mr. McClave was born in New York City in 1839, and is highly esteemed by the community for his enterprise, business ability, and integrity. He is one of our public-spirited citi- zens, and is at the present day a police commissioner, and a director of the Union Dime Savings Bank and other institutions. He has like- wise been an alderman for three terms.— 1879, 1880, 1881,— and has ever been an active supporter of all measures conducive to the benefit and welfare of all classes of citizens. With ample experience, capi- tal, and practical knowledge of the wants of the trade, Mr. McClave is in a position to offer the best inducements both as regards prices and quality of lumber and hardwood, which cannot fail both to attract and hold the extensive and influential patronage at present enjoyed. The telephone-call of the house is No. 220, Twenty-first Street. JE ACKERMAN & CO., Hardwood Lumber, Logs and Tnn- ber; Office and Yard, Eleventh Avenue and Twenty-eighth , Street.— The hardwood lumber trade of the United States is one of great magnitude. Large capital and numbers of persons are engaged in it, and New York is now recognized as one of the principal centres of this trade. One of the most widely known and reliable houses in the metropolis engaged in this indus- try is that of Messrs. J. E. Ackerinari & Co., whose office and yard are eligibly located on Eleventh Aveime and Twenty-eighth Street. This business was established in 1873 by Mr. J. E. Ackei inan, who conducted it till 1883, when Mr. J. F. Kodarmor purchased a half in- terest in the business, the firm-name becoming J. E. Ackernian & Co. This yard is spacious, advantageously located in the centre of distribution of hardwood lumber of this city, and fully supplied with every facility and convenience for the successful prosecution of the business. The firm deal largely in hardwood lumber, logs and timber, and are enabled in consequence of their influential connec- tions to supply customers at the very lowest prices. Messrs. J E. Ackermau & Co. al.so export largely hardwood of all descriptions to all European countries using American woods, also sending large quantities to South America and the Islands of the Sea. All orders are promptly and carefully filled, and It is the earnest desire of the partners to merit bj- the strict principles of equity a continuance of the liberal support already accorded. Mr. Ackermau is a native of New York, while Mr. Rodarnidr was born in Ohio. By years of industry, guided by care and inteLrrity. they have won their way into the front rank of our responsible and representative lumber merchants. The cable address of tlie house is " Ackro." GEORGE H. BURKE, Wholesale Dealer in Glassware, China, Queensware, etc., .Mauufactiirer's Agent, No. 49 Barclay Street and 52 Park Place —Both as a promoter of the city's com- mercial supremacy, and a leading member of the wholesale trade in glassware, china, queensware. etc., Mr. George H. Burke has achieved an enviable reputation. Mr. Burke is a native of Vermont, and early in life became connected with this branch of mercantile effort. For upwards of twenty years he has been a permanent resi- dent of New York city. In 1875 he established in business in this locality as the representative of several of the most famous manu- facturers of glassware, etc., in the United States, and with his perfected facilities he has developed a very widespread wholesale trade. He is the agent for the famous Pittsburgh manufacturers of glassware, Messrs. Geo. Duncan's Sons. This is the leading con- cern of its kind in America, with works covering over two acres. There are there two furnaces of the largest size, splendidly equipped, affording employment to three hundred hands, the firm producing the most popular novelties known to the trade in crystal and colored glass. At Mr. Burke's spacious salesrooms, running through from No. 49 Barclay Street to No. 52 Park Place, is displayed a sample exhibit absolutely unequalled elsewhere as regards colored glass tableware. Mr. Burke also represents Burroughs & Mountford, of Trenton, N. J., manufacturers of all descriptions of plain and fancy china, queensware, granite ware, etc. He is also manufacturer's agent for the William Burke Manufacturing Co., whose lamps and glassware are so widely and justly celebrated. One of the greatest novelties are his patent handled blown tumblers, light, graceful, and most convenient achievements in the art. Mr. Burke sells all over the United States, and has ever retained the confidence of leading commercial circles. JH. LAU & Co., Gims, Gun Material, Ammunition, Revolvers, Rifles. Sporting and Fencing Goods, No. 75 Chambers Street.— ^ Among the old-established and substantial houses of this city will be found that of Messrs. J. H. Lau & Co., importers of and dealers in guns, gun material, ammunition, revolvers, rifles, sporting and fencing goods ; the firm are also agents for Bochum Min- ing and Steel Works, Germany, and the Attercliffe Steel Works, Messrs. J Shipman & Co., proprietors, of Sheffield, Eng., carrying a full hue of the superior productions of these great enterprises. The firm have two large floors, systematic and convenient in arrangment, and the immense stock of goods is most attractively displayed. House specialties are made of Belgian and EngUsh breech-loading guns, Flobert rifles and fencing articles, Brann and Bicem ball- caps, shot, and Lef aucheux cartridges ; and the house has long been a popular purchasing depot for this class of goods. This business was originally founded in 1865, under the firm-name of Lau & Garlichs. In 1878, Messrs. StruUer, Ljiu & Co. were the proprietors, and in 1875 the present copartnership was formed. Messrs. J. H. and Louis Lau are natives of Germany, the former coming to this country in 1848, and the latter in 1862. Mi\ Louis Lau is a director of the Arion Society, and has done much to promote its success. FST. JOHN BARRETT, Drugs, No. 480 Eighth Avenue.— A well- conducted and deservedly popular pharmacy is that of Mr. ^ F. St. Johu Barrett, located at No. 480 Eighth Avenue. This business was estabUshed in 188.3, under the present proprie- torship, and from its inception has had a substantial and prosperous growth. The commodious salesroom is fitted up in a style of modern elegance and convenience, and the stock of drugs, chemicals, medi- cines, etc., embraces all to be met with at a first-class family drug store. Prescriptions of all kinds are carefull.y compoimded, two ex- perienced clerks are employed, and the patronage received is large and liberal. Mr. Barrett is a native of this State and an able druggist. By well-directed and spirited efforts he has reared a firm local trade, and won the respect and esteem of all circles for his many sterling qualities. CRASENBERGER & SON, Importers of Musical Instruments an . uikI Si n-i t. -There U no establishment in the city that w ill r irpiiy a visit from the careful housewife at this season ot tlie yvar tlian that of Every & Freeman, of Nos. ai6 anil aSi East Forty-sccouil Street, where carpets are cleaned, brushed, beaten, remade, and renovated. This enterprising house was founded as far back as 1845 by Messrs. Every and Freeman, who began business in a very small way. but by degrees the concern has grown to be one of the largest in the city, and has among its patrons the wealthiest citizens ou Fifth, Madison, Lexington, and Park avenues, the leading hotels in the city, etc. One of the founders, Mr. Every, died in 1887, but the old firm-name has been retained by Mr. Peter Freeman, the surviving partner, who has manifested considerable enterprise and commercial ability in the management of the business. Mr. Freeman, who is a colored gentleman, was born in New York, and has been connected with his present line of business all his life. The prem- ises occupied for the business consist of two floors, each measuring 25x150 feet, and these are supplied with several of the finest and ♦latest patented machines for cleaning carpets, rugs, linens, etc. These machines thoroughly clean, air, and remove mollis, spots, or stains from cai-pets, etc. The machines are so peculiarly adapted, that the finest fabrics can be cleaned without the slightest injury, yet cleaned so thoronglilij that no moth nor a particle of dust cau re- main in them. The firm use the Naphtha Renovating Process, which, for cleaning carpets and all qualities of rugs, portii-res, tapestries, curtjiius, and blankets, is equalled bj' few and excelled by none. Ar- ticles that have been put through a course of renovation by naphtha and other chemical compounds i exempt from acids i, and used by one who thoroughly «/i./< r.s^iinAs tin' Imsi iiesn. are as free from dirt, oil, and grea.se as when tliey came fnnu the loi.iii. and that without in- jury or danger of fading the most delicate and costly fabrics. The " packinfc and wrapping" of carpets, so as to be moth-proof, is a suc- cess, either for sununer or storage, and the firm warrant them to keep for years without cleaning or fear of moth's ravages. Carpets are taken on storage for the siunmer or for an indefinite period, and special insurance policies drawn for owners if desired, Cai-pets are taken up and relaid. Making new carpets or making over old ones forms a specialty. Carpets are taken away, cleaned, and re- • turned the same day without regard to weather, if desired. The prices for cleaning are: Brussels, ingrain, or three-ply carpets, 5 cents per yard; velvet, Aubusson, and moquette, 6 cents per yard; Wilton and Axminster, 7 cents per yard ; Smyrna, Turkey, and oriental rugs, 10 cents per yard. Taking up carjiets, 1 cent, and more, per yard. Orders sent by mail or otherwise are promptly attended to. Orders may be sent to Jlr. Jno. Bryan's, No. 940 Broadway, corner Twenty-second Street, under American Express, or direct to the firm at Nos. 226 and 232 East Forty-second Street. GEORGE E. TODD, Wholesale Grains, etc., No. 200 East Forty- seventh Street.— Among the active and enterprising business men located on this busy thoroughfare will be found Mr. George E. Todd, wholesale dealer in brewers' grains and screenings Mr. Todd is a native of New York, and embarked in the present enterprise in 1875, and by able and popular management has secured an extensive and liberal patronage. The commodities han- dled are shipped directly from the mills and warehouses to the trade, an arrangement which greatly facilitates the business and is duly appreciated by the numerous patronage. Mr. Todd is generally es- teemed in all circles as an honorable and deservedly successful mer- chant. HERMANN DOERGE. Dealer in Builders' Hardware, House- furnishing Goods, Stoves, Heaters, and Ranges. No. .5,-)(! Eleventh Avenue, between Forty-second and Forty-third Streets.— This gentleman founded his enterprise in 1865, nnd from that time to this has built up a large trade among the best classes ot the community. The store is very centrally located, and has a frontage of '25 feet and a depth of 75 feet. It is very taste- fully fitted up and admirably arranged, and contains a fine and complete stock of builders' and general hardware, stoves, heaters, and ranges of the newest patterns and designs, house-furnishing goods of every description, machine and carriage bolts, lag-screws, hand-screws, glue, etc., wood, willow, and plated ware, cutlery and fishing tackle, a large assortment of locks, hoop-iron, etc. Every -descriptiou of tin, copper, and sheet-iron work is promptly executed to order, nnd the facilities of the establishment for satisfactorily meeting all demands are of the most ample and complete chaiacter. From six to ten hands are employed, and the house draws its pat- ronage from all parts of the city. The basement is utilized as a, workshop, and the mechanical equipments are of the most modern anil flliciciit i liuracter. Jobbing receives particular attention, and rooting and spouting of all kinds are given most careful considera- tion, and executed at short notice in the most satisfactory manner and at reasonable prices. Mr. Doerge is a native of Germany, has resided in this country for thirty-one years, and is one of our most popular tradesmen. OSBORNE BOARDING STABLES, Raymond D. MeUck, Proprie- tor, Nos. 2;i5 and 227 West Fifty -eighth Street.-- Among the fine business e.stijblishmeuts in which New Yoi-k rejoices are her splendid boarding stables, which are equipped in a manner unsurp5l.ssed by any other city in the country. Prominent among the leading and most fashionable institutions of the kind are the Osborne Boarding Stables, located at Nos. 225 and 227 West Fifty-eighth Street, between Broadway and Seventh Avenue, and one block from Central Park entrance. Although established but one year, yet this concern has become one of the most popular and successful in this line in the city, and commands an extensive, infiuential patronage. The spacious preiiiises occupied consist of a brick building, having four stories and basement, the dimensions being .50x100 feet. The place is appointed throughout in handsome style, every convenience, apphance, and facihty being provided for all i iMiuii id purposes, while in the matter of light, ventilation, and draiua:,'i the staljli s are per- fect. There are ample accommodations for srveiity horses and sixty carriages, and a corps of competent grooms and stablemen are em- ployed in giving attention to all stock or vehicles brought here for care. Horses are boarded for any length of time at the most reason- able rates, and the best of food and treatment is assured all stock. The proprietor of this creditable establishment, Mr. Raymond D. Melick, a man of push, enterprise, and energy, thoroughly acquainted ■with the correct methods of handling stock, and they give tlieir entire attention to the interests of their patrons. MF. BENDER'S PHARMACIES, No. 357 West Fourteenth Street, corner Ninth Avenue, and Nos. 91 and 93 Eighth ^ Avenue.— Among the pharmacies on the West Side which are leaders in this line, and which have estabUshed reputa- tions of the highest order, are those owned and conducted by Mr. M. F. Bender. Both are old-established drug stores, and since they were first opened have passed through various successive managements. The first named came into the control of Mr. Bender in 1884, the second in 188(5. Under his able management the trade has been greatly augmented, and the present proprietor's success permanently assured. The stores are spacious, handsomely fitted up, and filled with large, comprehensive assortments of fresh, pm-e drugs and chemicals, proprietai-y medicines, fancy and toilet articles, surgical appliances, and all otlu'r articles usually found in first-class hou.ses of this chanu-ter. Mi'. Bender, who has had ten years' practical experience as a pharmacist, employs none but competent assist- ant*, and has achieved a high reputation for the acciu^acy and skill with which he compoimds prescriptions. He is a native of this State. JH. LEWIS & SON. Manufacturers of Looking-glass and Ar- tistic Picture-frames, etc.. No. 13'23 Broadway.— This firm , have a high reputation in this city as manufacturers of look- inu'-j^'lass and ai tistir iiicture-frames, and have an expe- rience of twenty yi ills in tin- business. They occupy two floors, 2)X.50 feet each, ami possess unsiir]>assed facilities for producing the finest class of work in their line. They ^'ive constant employment to twenty skilled bands, and enjey a fine trade at both wholesale and retail. As picture framers and gilders this firm have long maintained a high reputation for the superior excellence of the work they turn out and for the imiform satisfaction rendered to all their patrons. They design, manufacture, and gild picture-frames of all kinds, re- gild old frames, and give attention to every description of gilding for the trade. They keep a fidl line of novelties in frames for mirrors and all kinds of work, and place their prices at a very low figure in all branches of their business. The firm is composed of Messrs. J. H. Lewis and J. H. Lewis, Jr., toth natives of New York State, and known as enterprising manufacturers. IGO ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. ROBERT FOULDS, Importer and Manufacturer of Toys, Paper- cap Pistols, Patent Fog-horns, etc., No. 95 Chambers Street.— The toy trade of late years has developed to large proportions, stimulated by an active demand all over the world for fresh triumphs of ingenuity. Much of the credit for the prosperous condition of the toy in- terest in New York is due to the rep resentative and old-established house of Mr. Robert Foulds, whose office and salesrooms are located at No. 9.5 Cham- bers Street. This business was estab- lished thirty years ago by Mr. Foulds, who has since bm'lt up a liljeral patron- age. The premises occupied are spa- cious and convenient, and are fitted up with every appliance for the accommo- dation of the extensive and well-select- ed stock, which has no superior in this country for novelty, quaUty, and uni- form excellence. Mr. Foulds imports direct from the most noted European houses, and also manufactures all kinds of to.ys, paper-cap pistols, patent fog" hoi-ns, and other specialties, which are offered to jobbers and retailers at re- markably low prices. His house is a widely known depot for holiday goods, and here are always kept in stock the famous "American fireworks." He publishes annually a superior illustrated catalogue, which is forwarded promptly to the trade upon application. The trade of this enterprising house extends throughout all sections of the United States, while large quantities of these superior toys and novelties are exported to Canatla,Mexico,the West Indiss.South America, and Europe. Mr. Foulds wa i born in Canada, but has resided in the United States since is;j9. He has acquii-ed an excellent reputation in commercial life for his en- terprise and industry. Those requirin;^ really first-class toj's and novelties cannot do better than give their orders to this popular house, where they will obtam advantages in goods and prices very difficult to be secured elsewhere. Cradle of Ariierican Methodism. "William St 1 .\ venue. —Among ity, there are none ;e|ih L. Waters, of established in IKi '; in ISTG it became business passed to be recipient of an ing from handling fs. The premises JOSEPH L. WATEKS, Grocer, No. m Fo the popular grocers of this section of t enjoying a higlier reputation than 3Ii-. No. «S Fourth Avenue. This business by Archer, Hall ,t Co., Mr. Waters being the " Waters & Hall, and in 18S.3, Mr. Hall retiring, the sole control and management of its pres the date of its inception, this house has bet influential and steadily growing patronage, re only first-class goods, at low and popular ; occupied comprise a store and basement, each 30.\T0 feet in dimen- sions. The store is tasteful in all its appointments and fi.xtures, conveniently arranged, and provided with all modern appliances for the successful prosecution of the business. The stock carried em- braces the finest lines of choice staple and fancy groceries, new crop teas, fragrant coffees, pure spices, foreign and domestic dried fi-uits, canned gomls in all their varieties, imported and domestic pickles, sauces, jellies, preserves, relishes, condiments, and table luxtiries; bakers' and laundry supplies, the best brands of family flour, corn and oat meals, and farinaceous food-supplies of all kinds; sugars, syrups, anil molasses of all grades; salt and .smoked meats and fish; in shoi t, everything usually found in .a first-class, thoroughly stocked grocery store. The long practical experience of Mr. Waters enables him to quickly recognize and supply the wants of this trade, and his unsurpassed facilities for procuring his supplies enable him to offer inducements in qualities and prices that camiot readily be obtained elsevvliere. All orders are promptly filled, and the goods delivered free of charge to any part of the city, two teams being devoted to that purpose. Popular prices prevail, anil two competent assistants aid Mr. Waters in proTuptly waiting upon his patrons. He is a native of Massachusetts, and has resided in this city twenty years, and is highly respected by all with whom lie has business or social relations. TYLES & CASH, Printers, Stationei-s, and Blank-book Manu- factm-ers. No. 77 Eighth Avenue and No. .302 West Fourteenth Street. — In the foremost rank of the printing and stationery trade of the metropoUs is the reUable and old-established firm Messrs. Styles & Cash. This business was established in 186.5 by the present copai-tners, Messrs. Samuel D. Styles and Alex. Cash, both of whom are practical printers, stationers, and blank- book manufacturers, fully con- versant with every detail and feature of this important industry. The prem- ises occupied are spacious and com- modious, fully provided with splendid cylinder and Gordon presses, number- ing and cutting machines of ihe most improved patterns, by means of which the work produced is accomplished with despatch and in the best possible manner. Sixty experienced printers, operatives, etc , are employed, and th% machinery is driven by a 40-horse- power steam-engine. The firm carry on a general jobbing trade and make a specialty of the manufacture of all kinds of blank books, such as journals, day-books, ledgers, etc. In mechani- cal execution their printing cannoi be surpassed, and they keep always an extensive supply of new type, compris- ing all the latest styles, and are con- stantly making additions as new de- signs are issued. The busmess is both wholesale and retail, and extends throughout all sections of the United States. Mr. Styles is a native of New York, while his partner, Mr. Cash, was born in Utica, New York. Their skill in printing and in the manufacture of stationery and blank-books ismisurpassed, and their work is equal to anything at home or abroad. AMES BRANDON, Engineer and Machinist, No, .390 Eleventh Avenue.— .\ thoroughly skilled engineer and machinist who is occupying a representative position in the metropolis is Mr. .lames Brandon. Mr. Bi-andon has had many years' experience in his vocation, is a recognized expert in all its departments, and since he founded his business about a year ago has built up a large, first class patronage. While his trade is principally confined to the city, yet it is rapidly exteuiling, and he is prepared to perform woi k in his line in any ]iart of the United States. The premises occupied by him are fitted up in the most complete style with all requisite appliances and implements, steam power, etc., and emploj nient is afforded a number of efficient hands. Mr. Brandon gives attention to the execution of work of all kinds in his line, and perforins all work in a thorough, satisfactoiy manner. He makes a leading spe- cialty of the manufacture eft Balance Piston Ring Packing, which was invented but two years ago, and is just now being introduced in the market by him. RATHBUN, Wholesale and Commission Dealer, Hay, Grain, Feed, etc.. No. 453 Fourth Avenue.— This is one of the most enterprising hay and grain establishments in the city, and it has attained a well-deserved success. Mr. Rathbun began business here in IBia, and each year he has witnessed an increase of trade. His premises consist of a building containing three floors and basement, and covering an area of 25x100 feet. The establishment is equipped with every convenience and appliance for the handling of stock, which is an extensive one, and comprises baled hay, grain, feed, etc. Mr. Rathbun brings to bear on the business an experience extending over a period of thirty years, and he is prepared to receive and speedily dispose on commission of consignments of grain, hay. feed, etc., and to assure to consignors prompt and satisfactory returns. When desired, liberal advances are made upon consignments, and producers can always rely v.pon fair and equitable dealing at the hands of Mr. Rathbun. His business is of both a wholesale and retail character, and to both dealers and consumers he can offer superior terms. He is a native of this city, and personally very popular. J M, THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. IGl B& W. B. SMITH, Artistic Store Fixtures, Cabinet ^ Work,No. aaO Wpst Twen- ty-ninth Street. - There is no brancli of tlie meclianieal arts in which siieli rapiil pro-resv; and improvenii'iii lias \t ,-la^s,',-; nf tl,,- i-.-si,li-iii i.-U j ml, lie, an, I f, ir up wards of eight .\-, ar s ,,f tin- time :Mr. ^P'l-jun \\ a^ a,-ti\ ,'ly onn.-et- ed with him and l.eeanie very widely an, I i„,pul,irly known. In 1885. upon ^\r. Laird's retirement, he su,-,-,-,-,]i-,l I,. ili,> business as sole proprietor-, an.l lias duruig the inter\ ,-nin,^' p.-ri,„l .leveloped not only one of the finest trades on the avenue, bnt one of the best throughout the city at large. He handles and deals in all kinds of fish and oysters, both at wholesale and retail. His cdnneotions are the best, direct with leading shippers, and the result is that liere the public can always find on hand a choice supply of every variety of fish in season. Mr. Morgan serves many of the largest hotels and restaurants in the city; hundred of private families along the best streets and avenues, aside from filling wholesale orders out of town. When sent either by mail or telegraph, an order receives the promptest attention here. Mr. Morgan has a very neat, attractive market, and enii)loys live hands, running two delivery-wagons, and each season handles an increasing trade, the best proof of his ex- cellent service being the fact that he not only makes new custom- ers right along, but steadily holds his old trade. WEIDMAN'S, Fine Candies, No. 1211 Broadway.— As a manu- facturer of and dealer in choice confectionery, there are none bearing a higher reputation or are better i)atronized than Mr. G L. Weidman. This gentleman brings wide practical experience to bear in his business, being thoroughly inti- mate with every detail of it, and having for twelve years prior to coming to this city conducted a hirge and successful business in Chi- cago, at Nos. 203 and 205 East Sladison Street, Nos. 19 and 21 South Clark Street, and No. 889 East Madison Street. In 1885 he opened his present fine store, and developed a trade that will compare favorably with that of many of his older rivals. He occupies a fl ne store 25x35 feet in dimen- sions, handsomely finished, elegantly appointed, and containing as fine an assoitment of choice confectionery as will be found in any similar house in New York. The basement, which is devoted to manufactur- ing purposes, is thoroughly equipped with all tlie appliances pertain- ing to the business, and gives constant employment to a competent force of skilled confectioners. All goods manufactured here are made from the purest of sugar and other materials, and where color- ing is needed only harmless vegetable extracts are u.sed. Candies are made fresli every hour, and his caramels especially are in good de- mand. His store is the favorite resort for ladies, who are his best customers. He is a native of Illinois, and has resided here since 1885. GEORGE LANGE & SON, Manufacturer of Pianoforte Keys, No. 227 East Twenty -second Street, between Second and Third Avenues.— In 1865 the history of the house of which the present article is a sketch began. The business w as started in a small way by Mr. George Lange, who continued year by year to in- crease his trade and his facilities for production until his establishment became one of the most extensive in its line, not only in the city, but in the country. Some years ago, Mr. Lange took into partnersliip his son, who died in 188G. The business, however, is still conducted by the founder, under the style of George Lange & Son. Mr. Lange has achieved widespread distinction as a manufacturer of piano- forte keys. The high standard of these goods is due to their quality, durability, and exquisite taste in finisii. In their manufacture from fifteen to twenty-five hands are employed, and the manufactory con- sists of a building containing five floors and basement and standing on an area of 25x100 feet. The factory is equipped with the finest and most efflcient machinery appertaining to the trade. The trade relations of the house extend to all parts of the Union, and from this estabhshment the most celebrated and most extensive manufacturers of pianofortes in the country secure their supplies of pianoforte keys. Mr, Lange was born in Germany, and in 1853 came to America; he has won success by sheer merit, and his business record is a highly commendable one. WILLIAM HELLER & SON, Manufacturer of Fine Satchels and TraveUing-bags, No. 91 Chambers Street.— For a period of twenty-seven years the name of HeUer has lieen prominently identified in this city with the manufacture of fine satchels and travelling-bags, and the well-laiown house of Wm. Heller & Son stands to-day second to none in this particular branch of commercial activity. The extensive business conducted under this name and stvli' was established in the immediate vicinity of the pr,-:-,-nt -iti>, t,i \\ lii,'h it was removed in lX7i by the head of ttie firm, ,1^,,,-ial. ,1 witli liini hi l^s.-j son_ Isaac Heller. The spaciotis pi-,-iiii-- s ,-xi.-ii,lin : tlircim 1 111,' block from No. 91 Chambers to No. 7:i i;,-a,l,' Sn-,', I ai ,- ,i,linii-al,ly arnmged and fully equipjjed for the priis,'ciiti,,n ,,1' til,- l,u-.in,-ss. The firm employ a large force of skilli-il tali iit l',,r th,- sa|i, riiii- elass of work for which they have long been noted. An especial feature of this firm is the fact that they carry the largest stock of their particular specialties to be foimd amongst the trade, and are noted for prompt and quick deliveries, an admirable feature in manufacturing appreciated by all dealers. The hou,30 has a widely extended trade throughout the United Stjites, and the annual business is of most prosperous aggregate. The ?Iessrs, Heller are active and energetic New York business men. re- spected and esteemed in the trade circles, and occupying a position of deserved prominence among leading mnnufactiu-ers of their goods. 164 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. FISCHER & BURNETT LUMBER COMPANY, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Hardwood Lumber, No. 62 Teuth Avenue — In compiling an account of the commerce and industries of New York, we desire to particularly mention those clagses of houses that are the best representatives of each special line of trade, and are contributing most to the city's fame and reputation. In this connection, special reference is made in this historical review to the widely known and reliable Fischer & Burnett Lumber Company, manufacturers of and dealers in hardwood lumber, whose offices are centrally located at No. 63 Tenth Avetiue. This business was established in 1882 by Messrs. Fischer & Burnett, who conducted it till 1887, when it was duly incorpoj-ated under the laws of Tennessee with ample capital. The following gentlemen, who have gained an excellent reputation in mercantile and financial circles for their business ability, enterprise, industry, and integrity, are the officers, viz. : Fr. Fischer, President; Dillon B. Burnett, Vice-President; Fred. Fisher, Secretary and Treasurer: L. Kramer, Manager, Evans- ville, Ind.; I. W. Norcross, Superintendent, Clinton. Tenn. The company owns extensive mills and yards at Clinton, Tenn., Evans- villa, Ind., and Nashville, Tenn., and deals largely in all kinds of hardwood lumber. All orders are promptly and carefully filled at the lowest possible prices, and the trade of the company extends throughout all sections of the United States, and is steadily increas- ing owing to the superiority and excellence of its productions. The company employs in its yards, etc., seventy experienced workmen. Mr. Fr. Fischer, the President, was born in Germany, but has resided in the United States for the last thirty years, while the Vice-Presi- dent, Mr. Burnett, is a native of New Jersey, and the Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Fred. Fisher, was born in New York City. The future prospects of this responsible company are of the most promising character, and the success attained is only the just re- ward of the officers' skill, enterpri-;e. and energy. J EARLY, Carpets, Oil-cloths, Fui-niture, etc., Nos. 473 and 475 Eighth Avenue.— In reviewing the various mercantile enter- , prises which contribute to the trade facilities of this popular shopping district a position of well-earned prominence should be given the old-estabhshed and long-popular house which is made the immediate subject of the present sketch. It is now eighteen years since Mr. Early first embarked in the enterprise in hand, and from a com- p 1 rritively smaU commencement he has by fair and honorable deaUng icied an extensive and most prosperous business. In its present status the volum;nous busmess occupies a fine brick structure four stories and a basement in height and 40x50 feet on the surface. The general arrangement of the premises is systematic and convenient, and the store with its large plate-glass show-window and elegant in- terior appointments forms one of the attractive featvu-es of this pop- ular promenade. The first or store floor is devoted chiefly to the car- pet department. Here are to be found all grades and styles of floor coverings, ranging from the comparatively inexpensive ingrain to the exquisitely patterned and costly moquette and Wilton carpets. Rugs, mattings, and oil-cloths are also shown in all the newest and most desirable patterns, and the stock of lace curtains, window-shades, etc., is one of the best selected and most complete to be met with in the city trade. The furniture branch of the business, to which the up- per floors are entirely and the store partly devoted, is equally com- prehensive and complete. All the latest novelties and most fashionable designs in kitchen, bedroom, dining room, and parlor furniture are shown, and the house has long been a favorite purchasing depot for the high-class trade of the vicinity. The trade is principally cash, although goods are also sold on the instalment plan, with easy and equitable terms of payment. A corps of six experienced clerks and salesmen is kept busy in attending to the wants of the crowds of customers from the city and suburban districts. The motto of the house has ever been reliable goods and fair and honorable dealing. Mr. Early was bom in Ireland, but came to this city early in life, and by his energy, integrity, and extensive ability has achieved a well- earned success, and won the proud distinction of a self-made man. CHARLES KANZE, Manufacturer of Umbrellas. Parasols, and Walking-canes. No. 58 Fourth Avenue, corner Nmth Street.— There are probably but few branches of industry m which such marked advantages have been made during recent years as in imibrellas and parasols. A prominent house engaged in this trade is that of Mr. Charles Kanze, which was estabUshed in 1884 by the pres- ent proprietor, who for twenty year.'; previously had been in the cigar trade, from which he retired in favor of his son. He has from the outset occupied his present store, and has always enjoyed a Uberal and substantial patronage. The stock carried is first-class in every particular, and coiuprises an excellent assortment of umbrellas, para- sols, and canes of all sorts and sizes, which are oSlered to customers at the lowest possible prices. Repairing, re-covering, and mounting are always executed at the shortest notice in the best possible manner, and customers' materials are promptly made up to match eostimies. It is amusing to draw a parallel between the ponderous, awkward, and clumsy umbrellas and parasols used by our grandmothers, and the elegant articles carried by ladies of fashion of the present day. Steam-power and machinery are now employed in all the manufac- tm-ing operations, superseding to a great extent hand labor, and thereby insuring uniformity in size and strength in the various parts. BROVn & EVANS, Dutchess County Milk and Cream, Creamery Butter, etc.. No. 1001 Sixth Avenue.— Of the various articles which enter into daily consumption, there is no commodity in the food supply harder to obtain of good quality and purity than milk, the temptations to adulterate the same being such that it is difficult to obtain it in the natural state. To secure the pure article it is necessary to deal directly with a fii-m that has an estabUshed reputation for the reUabilityof their goods, and such a firm we find in Messrs. Brown & Evans, of No. 1001 Sixth Avenue, between Fifty- sixth and Fifty seventh streets. The business of this house was in- augurated on March 1, 1887, and has since developed to a volume of important magnitude, owing to the superiority of the goods handled. The firm deal in strictly pure Dutchess county milk and cream, de- Uvering it by the bottle, quart, or gallon, or any desired quantity, to any pan of the city. They also deal m fresh Long Island eggs, choice creamery butter, etc.. and guarantee their goods to be the best in the market, while the prices charged are as low as the lowest. Fourteen hands are now employed, and the business is rapidly increasing in ex- tent. The copartners, Messrs. H. J. Brown and T. B. Evans, are na- tives of this State, are business men of enterprise, push, and energy, and they are meeting with deserved success in catering to the wants of the pubUc in their Une. PARMLY, Hats for Gentlemen, No. 201 Sixth Avenue.— There are a number of hat and cap estabhshments in Sixth Avenue, which are well known for the style and fashion of their gen- tlemen's hats. Prominent among the niunber thus referred to is that of Mr. Parmly. This business was estabUshed in 1853 in Hudson Street, and eventuaUy in 1873 was removed to its present commodious and elegant premises. The store is spacious and is fuUy stocked with a superior assortment of hats, caps, and derbys of every description for gentlemen, suitable for aU seasons. These goods are the best productions of the most noted manufacturers, and are of the latest and most fashionable styles. They are offered to customers at extremely low prices, and gentlemen having once purchased their hats at Parmly's are sure to return, owing to the correct styles, quaUty, and finish of aU his goods. Mr. Parmly makes a specialty of manufactvtring his silk hats, which are general favor- ites with a critical and discerning class of customers, owing to their elegance and finish. These hats have no superiors in New York or elsewhere. Mr. Parmly has had thirty-four years' experience, and from its first establishment his house has been a favorite source of supply for first-class goods. H ALEXANDER & CO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Paint- ers and Coachmakers' Supplies, etc.. No. 790 Seventh , Avenue.— This gentleman established his business here in 1884, and has become widely popular as a wholesale and retaU dealer in painters and coachmakers' supplies, artists' mate- rials, paper-hangings, interior decorations, etc., and as a plain and fresco painter and decorator of large experience and high reputa- tion. The eminent success which he has attained in the conduct of the business clearly proves lu's thorough adaptation to aU require- ments. His store is spacious in size, and all facilities are afforded for the prompt and artistic accompUshment of the work in hand. Here is displayed a complete Une of paper hangings from the most celebrated manufacturers of this country and Europe. A force of twenty-five skiUed hands is employed in the business of frescoing, house-painting and interior decorating, and the reputation won in this branch of the trade for prompt, efficient and artistic work has been honestly secured. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 1G5 Y & W, WILLIAMS. fVntral Stcnni ( '.■u iict-clraiiiii- Wi.rks, X... ' thr iiH'tr.'.'iHilis is that (.r Mrssis. '.I W. W illiaiiis' Crnlral Steam C'arprt .■!,-aniii;.r \V..i k.s, so cli-ibly ami .•niivi'iii.Mill.v Incal. il al. No.asa West 1-iily-li.iii-lli Slivcl. Till- liiisiiirss was roiiiiili-il lliii1iM-ii years ago at No. liili Wt'St Kifly secmul Sli rrt. wluain' il h as i . iu.iM'il to the present location, on West Kifty-foui lli Slrrrt. tiii c'- ycai s siiu The works comprise a four-story builUiiiK, -.".xOD I'itI in iliinriisi.ms, and they are fitted up with the most recently improved meebaniual appliances for the cleaning and renovating of cai-pets, etc., and these appliances include four patent cai-pet-beating machines, which are operated by a fifteen horse-power steam-engine and boiler. The process adopted is such as to thoroughly remove from carpets all dxist, to completely disinfect them, to destroy all moths and vermin, and to raise and brighten the nap. For the information of those who desire to benefit by patronizing this reliable and responsible concern, we may say tliat the firm clean every carpet thoroughly, each one separately by itself, and all moths and their deposits are carefully re- moved, while the carpets are not strained, ripped, or torn. The dust is removed at once from the apartment where the carpets are beaten, and the removal is effected by means of a powerful exhaust fan, which disinfects the carpets while going through the process of cleaning. The works are kept constantly busy, and sixteen hands are perma- nently employed. The works are connected by telephone, the call being " Thirty -ninth Street, 3C6." On communicating with the firm carpets are taken up and away from houses, and are returned in a clean and perfect condition at reasonable charges. The proprietors are natives of this city, and enterprising and thoroughly reUable busi- ness men. GEO. P. OVERIN, Manufacturer and Importer of Fine Whips, Canes, and Umbrellas, No. 659 Sixth Avenue.— The establish- ment of Mr. Geo. P. Overin has a national reputation in the manufacture of fine whips, canes, and umbrellas, and was founded here sixty-four j'ears ago by the father of the present pro- prietor. The premises occupied for manufacturing and sales pur- poses are spacious and well equipped, and a large business is trans- acted, at both wholesale and retail, throughout the entire United States. Mr. Overin is a skilled and experienced manufacturer in this line of enterprise, and produces all kinds of whips of every de- scription, from the commonest and most inexpensive quality to the rarest and most elegant, either plain or finished in the most elabo- rate manner, both as regards color and design of the silk or other materials, and the carving and ornamentation of the stick and handle. The canes and other products are made of durable mate- rial, and a large and complete stock is kept on hand. A specialty is made of repairing, and a competent force of skilled hands is con- stantly employed. Popular prices invariably prevail. Mr. Overin is ft native of New York State, and a reliable business man. FERNANDO DESSAUR, Photographer, No. 551 Eighth Avenue, between Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Streets.— This gen- tleman, who has attained middle age, is a native of Holland, is a photographic artist of large experience and established reputation. He is a gentleman of acknowledged natural ability, and has received that experience and training so necessary in the suc- cessful practice of his profession. Twenty-seven years ago he came to the United States, and twenty-five years since he established his present photographic gallery. For the purposes of his business Mr. Dessaur occupies the three upper floors of the building. The par- lors, studio, and operating room are furnished handsomely, and well equipi)ed for the business in all its departments. Mr. Dessaur, who is aided liv from six to twelve assistants, is ]irepared to execute all kinds oi I ) M' I MMlsrape, and commercial |iliotographs, and also all kimi - I k ill oils, India ink, pasiel, or rniyoiis. Cabi- net iuipi-i iais, iliai raiinot be improved upon by any iihotographic artist anywhere, are supplied at from $2 to $4 per dozen. GEORGE SPURGEOX, Fine Clothing, No. 470 Eighth Avenue.— Worthy of proniinent and special mention in the pages of section of New York-, we record tin- name of Mr. (ieoriie Spurgeon, successor to the late firm of Spurgeon & Bail.-y- This concern is well known. Locale. I at Xo. i'.'.) Eighth Avenue, corner of Thirty-fourth Street, the position at once becomes a command- ingly conspicuous one. It is in the centre of a very populous neigh- IhmhI. Here the thoroughfares are crowded, and it is no unconi- iiinii ihing to find this store internally almost as crowded as the iIm.i iMi-hlare outside. Men's, youths', boys', and children's fine cl. .thing constitute the goods dealt in at this establishment. These an- i-illier sold in the " rea.lN mad.-" I..rni, or are made to order as di sii.-.l. The sti.i-.- lias a capaeily of 'Si feet front, and runs Ijack 00 l i-.-t, I0\ .11 1 his i-\ii iisi vc space is none too large for the requirements <.l this Uiisiiii-ss. 111. - plan in which the store is laid out and the goods displayed aiti-.ict ...nsi.lcrable attention. The stock carried is not only large l.nl v,.-ll s.-jccted. The selection of goods is made per- sonally by Mr. SpiiiK.-.in, who is well posted in this line. In the order departnieiii 111.- linn lias engaged the services of a first-class cutter, and a perl.-. -l hi is guaranteed in every instance None but skilful and expeiieii.-i.-. I u.ii kiuen are employed, and the utmost vigilance is exercised in making up goods to order. Mr. George Spurgeon is a native of England, but has been a resident of the United States for seventeen years. He is an agreeable man of courteous manners, and well merits the success which his industry and zeal in business have brought him as his reward. ARTHUR ROBERTS, Manuf actm-er of Mother-of-pearl Work, No. 211 East Twenty-second Street.— In the manipulation of pearl and the rich and elaborate fini.«h of articles made from this material, Mr. Arthur Roberts has gained an enviable distinc- tion. Mr. Roberts was born in England, and came to the United States in 1873. In I8T9 he formed a partnership under the style of Roberts & Psu-kinson, but in 18S4 this partnership was dissolved by the death of Mr. Parkinson, and since then the business has been conducted by Mr. Roberts alone. His factory comprises one floor, 25x70 feet in dimen- sions, and this is fuUy and completely equipped with aU necessary tools and machinery, which is operated by steam-power. A competent staff of skilled artisans are employed. Mr. Roberts manufactures all kinds of articles from mother-of-pearl, including scales far pen and pocket knives, handles for table-knives and penholders, etc. ; jiistols are also stocked in pearl, ivory, etc., and non-conductors are finished in aU shapes and sizes. Mr. Roberts has had vast experience in his line of business, in which he stands unexcelled to-day in New York, and has built up a large and permanent trade throughout the city, and in New England and the West, w'here his goods have a high reputation for superiority. CHARLES Le BIHAN, Wholesale and Retad Dealer in Imported and Domestic Cigars and Tobaccos, No. 432 Sixth Avenue.— A very popular resort for smokers in this section of the city is the establishment of Mr. Charles Le Bihan, where can be se- cured the choicest brands of imported and domestic cigars, the best smoking, chewing, and plug tobaccos, snuff, and a very handsome selection of pipes, meerschaima goods, cigar-holders, and smokers' articles of every description, the assortments being complete in every respect. The business of this house was founded in October, 188C, by Mr. Juhus Steger, who later on was succeeded by the present pro- prietor. Mr. Le Bihan is a native of France, and came to this cotmtry four years ago. His fine store is admirably fitted up in its every de- partment, reflecting much credit upon the taste of the management, and a heavy stock is carried to meet the active demands of the trade. Two competent clerks are employed. Smokers when in the vicinity of this store will do well to step in and give Mr. Le Bihan a trial patronage. DR. J. C. KENNEDY, Dentist, No. 363 Sixth Avenue.- Dr. J. C. Kennedy has for more than thirty five years been engaged in the practice of dentistry. He has gained an enviable n-putation for the care and skill he exercises iu liis pi-.if.-s-ional dulies, and has become distinguished as being thoroimlily prolici. nt in all its branches. His operating rooms are jiroviik-d with every new ai^pli- ance and the various aiiiiaialiis i-c.|iiisiic for the painless extraction of teeth, and doin.^' s.. i|uii-ki\ -iml s' a -cessfuUy, and also for filling teeth, this branch beiug a specialty with the Doctor, who is very ex- pert in the art of preserving the natural teeth. Artificial teeth are made to order in sets or singly, and always warranted to give satis- faction, at reasonable prices. The Doctor numbers among his pa trons many of the leading families, and enjoys a high social standing in the .-oiiiiuunity. Born m Ireland, Dr. Kennedy early in life an ivi'd in this country, and has resided in New York many years. He is ably assisted in his business by his son, Dr Samuel Kennedy, who was born in this city and is a graduate of the New York College of Dentistry. 166 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. GEO. F. BASSETT & CO., Importers, Exporters, and Wholesale Dealers in China. Crockery, and Glassware, Foreign Decor- ated Ware. Kerosene Goods, etc., No. 49 Barclay Street, and Nos. 53 and 54 Park Place.— To gain an adequate idea of the wholesale china, crockery, and glasswai-e trade of the metropolis, no house presents such favorable opportunities as that of Messrs. George F. Bassett & Co., both as I'egards extent and character of trade and magnitude of stock carried. The firm are both importers and exporters, and deal in probably the largest assorted stock in America. The business was founded in Boston, away back in 18.35, by the firm of Bassett & Perkins, subsequently changing to Bassett & Pierce, and later known as Bassett, French & Co. It was in 1866 that Mr. George W. Bassett, appreciating the growing importance of New York as a great commercial centre, opened here under favor- able auspices. In 1868, he sold out his Boston interest to the firm of Abram French & Co., which has likewise greatly prospered, and is now the largest house in its line in Boston. Mr. Ba.ssett's sterling exquisite ornamental objects. All these are but indications of the vast stock here gathered— practically representing the product of every pottery and glass factory of any account throughout the world. The firm enforces a thorough system of organization throughout their vast establishment, in which from sixty to seventy hands are employed. The house is known far and wide throughout the continent. Its connections are most influential, its customers including the leading jobbing houses in the trade, and to meet the requirements of which from twelve to fifteen men are kept on the road. The firm are also heavy exporters of the fine glasswares, stoneware, and earthenware from the principal manufacturers of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. A very important department of the business is that devoted to kerosene fixtures, in which line with such an immense stock of standard goods substantial inducements are oftered to the trade both at home and abroad. Mr. Bassett devotes himself to the guidance of this immense business with unremitting energy and industry, and is recognized to be to-day the best type of -Orphan At spirit of enterprise, unrivalled facilities, aud honorable, liberal policy resulted in an i-arly development of a trade ami ci>niiection extend- ing all over 11. e r ,1 Siales. Upon his retirein.-jit in is;:) he was suceee.1,-,1 Ijy liis s.in. Jlr, (ie.irge F. Bassett, born in Briilffewater, Mass.. the home of ihe family, ami who has been a permanent resident of tliis city since ISGr. Associated with him was Mr. E. F. Anderson, a native of Ciuciniiati, and who early in life came to New York, where he has since permanently resided. Thus constituted, the firm actively carried on the business, upon the old-time basis of honor and integrity, until in 1887 Mr. F. H. Doremus, previously connected with the house for a number of years, was admitted. The partners, though young men, are old in experience, and bring to bear an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade. Tlieir premises are unusually extensive, comprising five floors extending entirely through the block from No. 49 Barclay Street to Nos. 52 and 54 Park Place, a distance of 165 feet, and grandly fitted up with every modern convenience at command, unquestionably the finest empo- rium in the crockery trade of this city. Here the firm cari-y and display to the best advantage full lines of foreign and domestic brands of china, crockery, and glassware, including specially im- ported English, French, and German decorated wares. Here can be inspected the most delicate Fi-euch china, decorated table and mantel wares; Limoges and Sevres ware of every description; Baccarat glass; artistic porcelain; cut glass in the new and fashion- able styles; all kinds of crystal glassware, including the beautiful new shades and patterns of the Pittsburg manufacturers; rare and progress in the American wholesale trade in china, crockery, and glassware. ANA WANDA CLUB STABLE, P. Sharkey, Proprietor; No. 239 East Twentieth Street. P. Sharkey, Undertaker and Embalm- er. No. 351 Second Avenue, between Twenty and Twenty -first Streets.— One of the most popular stables in New York City, is that of Mr. P. Sharkey, known as the Anavvanda Club. This en- terprise was inaugurated in 1867, and has always commanded a lib- eral and influential patronage. In 1881 Mr. Sharkey added the busi- ness of an undertaker and embalmer, locating at No. 351 Second Avenue between Twentieth and Twenty-first streets. The livery and boarding stable is a two-story building, of brick, 25x80 feet in size, thoroughly equipped with every requisite, well ventilated, lighted and drained, and affording superior accommodations for the systematic prosecution of the business. The proprietor keeps a fine stock of horses for livery, and turns out some of the most stylish equipages to be seen in this section of the city. Horses are re- ceived for boarding at very moderate rates. As an undertaker and embalmer he possesses unsurpassed facilities for prompt and successful service, and carries at all times a full line of coffins, cask- ets, robes, and funeral requisites, which are offered at moderate prices. The most approved methods are used in embalming, and every call is promptly answered. Mr. Sharkey was raised in this city, and is a member of the K. of H. aud of excellent standing in the business community. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 167 WILLIAIMS & POTTER, Engineers and Contractors, No. 2 AVesi Foui-tcentli Street.— Many, varied, and unique as are tlie enterprises which we have portrayed in this worlc, il would not become ns to omit mention of that of Messrs. Willi.Tms"& Potter, eiif^inecrs and contractors, whose office is located at No. i ^Vl■st Fi>urteenth Street. The business of tliis concern was fnunilcd in l.S.SG imder its present style, and tlie snccess achieved is a most marked and enci>ura;;iii,i,'- one. The copartners in this enter|irise ai'c Mv. II. Jt. Williams and Mr. F. D. Potter. The former is a native of Connecticut, an.l the latter was bunie in Maine. Both are youiis:. enl(M )irisiii„' Imsi- ness men, and short as is the time in wliicli tli.-y hav.- l.i ,-n in business they liavi> established a valuable tia^le connrction not only ^^■ith all parts >.f the Union, but u iili I'.uiv.-.e atid also Japan. Tlie lii-in pi-oinpll\- I'urnisli estimates foi- and also supply steam-power rei|uiiiii,i,' either lii;4h or slow sp 1 eim'iiies, and the.y are authorized by the Edison Electric Light Co. to install Edison light plants. The following may be given as using engines of this firm : Produce Exchange, Fort Hamilton Hotel, Western Union Telegraph Co., Dakota Flats, Aldrich Court, New York Athletic Club, Whitelaw Reid, Tuxedo Club House, E. H. Johnson, Steinhart Flats, Tokio fjapan! Electric Light Co., Saga- more Hotel, Toledo Insane Asylum. Merchants' Building, Emigrants' Savings Bank, Young Women's Christian Association; Steamers Tallahassee, City of Augusta, Chattahoochee, Nacoocliee, City of Savannah; A. F. Buchanan & Sons, Yacht Stranger, Lorenz Reich, B. & O. R. R., Rhinelander Estate. Arion Club, Durland's Riding School; King's Palace, Corea; Bijou Theatre; Otsu Mill, Japan; Y'acht Atalanta, Steamer Olivette, U. S. Steamer Chicago; Edison Light Co., Milford. Plants have been overhauled .and reset by the firm in the following places: Leno^^ Hill Fl.its. I,\c. iiin Theatre, Third .Ave. Theatre, Tenth Ave. Cable R. I; . .Tnsepli Loth Silk Mill, Osborne Flats, K. IT. Kellogg & Co., IIofTman House, Buckinf,'lriin Hotel. Ill the houses hereafter mentioned counter- shaftin;; and jMillevs liav,. been furnished and install.-d by Messrs. Williams & Potter: Whiting & Campbell, Clias. .\. Seliieren Co., Metropolitan Opera House, Rloomingdale Brol hers. Stern Brothers. T. C. Eastman, New York City; Standard nil Co. I'olar Oil Cix. Bayonne, N. J.; W. E. Hoyt. Lexington. N. C. ; T. JI. Holt. Haw River, N. C. ; Manhansett House, Shelter Island. Among the miscellaneous plants installed by the fii-m may be mentioned Battery Park Hotel. Astor Building. I'Misou L'nited Mfg. Co., Dakota Flats, l i It li .\^elllle '!-|ie;iiie. I nifed States Assay Office, Hebrew Fair, 1!. .\ltirian. l.iederK ra n/, IV.f. .\rion Club; Gallatin Bank, Bro'lid; Ac;ideii,v of :Mnsi,-, New Yo,Ic: Na rra:-ansett Hotel, Richmond Papi-rfo., Biee V: T. ( Vi., Slaiid.ird Tl.e.itre, Campbell Eng. Co., Beadlestoi, \ Woerz, Yacht Till.', F.di-^on Fi-ht Co., N. Y. City. Thus far the memliers of the lirm have jiroved them- selves gentlemen of :^i'eat business push and energj-. THOMAS MATIIF.WS. Auctioneer, Nos. 787 and 7S9 Broadway. — :Hr. JIathews' qualifications as an auctioneer are too well known to require extended comments at our hands. This bus- iness was est abli.shed forty years ago by Mr. F. Colton, who was succeeded by Mr. Slathews in I'^S','. Tlii' premises occupied comprises a superior store ainT b:iseineut .".i Lv 1 1 lU f eet in dimen-sions, neatly fitted, wherein consi-muents of e^ ei y description of goods follow each other in rapid succession. Mr. Aiatliews conducts a gen- eral auction business, .and has every facilit v for the prompt disposal at excellent prices of all kinds of liouseliol.l and office fnrniture. car- pets, curios, books, etc. He likewise disiioses privately of modern and antique furniture, pianos, mirrors, etc., and makes liberal ad- vances when req\iired on consignments of all kinds of goods and merchandise. Mr. Slathews also disposes of real estate, and is famil- iarly Iniown to iii.>tropolit;iii audiences. His auction-rooms are always a certain pla<-e in wlii.-h to find the greatest bargains in furni- tm-c, brie adirac. carjiet-;. iiianos, etc. He has developed an extensive and influential trade. Auction snles of furniture of parties declining housekeeping are held at their residences, and weekly sales of car- pets, bedding, and fnrniture are conducted at the salesrooms through- out the year. In all departments of the business equal attention and care arc given to offer and keep in stock only such goods are consid- ered the best of their kind. The system which prevails in the entire establishment indicates the mo.st careful supervision, while the judg- ment and taste displayed in the selection of the stock proclaim that the proprietor has a thorough knowledge of his business. 108 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. PG. LeGALLEZ, House, Sign, and Decorative Painter, No. 3S3 Fourth Avenue.— Mr. P. G. LeGallez conducts one of the ^ old-estestablished concerns of the kind in the city. The business was founded by Mr. J. Lytton in 1833, and by him successfully conducted till 18B0, when Mr. LeGallez was admitted as a copartner; thus it continued till 18G7, when it passed to the sole man- agement and control of the present proprietor. His business premises comprise a fine store 20x73 feet in dimensions, elegantly and artistically fitted - up. The stock carried is choice and well selected, embracing the finest imported and domestic paper-hangings, friezes, borders, and dados in the latest and most fashionable patterns, dry and mixed paints of all kinds, oils, varnishes, tui-pentine, tube colors, glass, putty, brushes, and painters' supplies generally. Mr. LeGallez is possessed of a wide range of practical ex- perience in all branches of plain and decorative painting, and he numbers among his permanent patrons many of our wealthiest and most prominent citizens. He Is noted for his good taste in interior decorations, and in this branch of the business patrons can confide_tly rely on his judgment and skiU. He employs a competent force of skilled and experienced painters, whose operations are personally supervised by himself, and many of the finest private residences in the upper part of the city bear convincing proofs of his superior tal- ent in decorating. A'j orders are promptly attended to. His place of business is connected by telephone call, 619, Twenty-first Street. He is a native of this city, and is widely known as a thorough expo- nent of his art. JOHN L. HOFFMAN, Manufacturer of Picture Frames in the White, etc., Nos. 116 and 118 East Fourteenth Street.-Mr. John L. Hoffman during the past four years has been en- gaged in the manufacture of picture frames in the white, and omameutal and hardwood mouldings. The premises occupied for manufacturing purposes are 50x100 feet in extent, and arc provided with every facility and all the special appUances requisite operated by steam power. From twenty-five to thirty-five skilled workmen are employed, and a large local trade is done with the picture frame manufacturers and gilders. Mr. Hofifman has had many years' ex- perience in this business, and executes the best class of work and originates many beautiful designs for pictiu-e and mu-ror frames and ornaments for mouldings. Mr. Hoffman was born in this city, and is exceedingly popular with all who have business relations with CSCHOENEFELD, Apothecary and Chemist, comer Thirty-first Street and Seventh Avenue.— One of the popular, well- ^ known apothecaries and chemists in the city is Mr. C. Schoenefeld, who in 1887 succeeded to the old-established stand formerly occupied by R. B. Cassebeer. The premises have an area of 25x40 feet, with a laboratory 25x;i20 feet. Every convenience is at hand and the estabhshment is made very attractive by ornamental counters and handsome plate-glass showcases. Mr. Schoenefeld is an experienced, practical man in this business and is a regular grad- uate of the New York College of Pharmacy of the class of 1877. He is fanuhar with drugs and medicines, knows their values and prop- erties, and keeps on sale only the very best, purest, and those of the highest standard quality. He compounds physicians' prescriptions with that intelligent care and accuracy absolutely necessary in this department of the business. Besides drugs and chemicals, Mr. Schoenefeld also has all those articles required by physicians and surgeons, and the various pharmaceutical preparations, toilet requisites, perfumes, extracts, and proprietary medicines of well- known merit. A native of Germany, Mr. Schoenefeld early in life came to New York, and is an accomplished pharmacist and chemist. HENRY MANNES & SON, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Furniture. Carpets, Oil-cloths and Bedding, No. 300 Seventh Avenue.— A notable establishment is that of Henry Mannes & Son, manufacturers of and dealers in f lu-niture, cal-pets, oil- cloths, bedding, etc. Mr. Henry Mannes established the business in 1864, and in 18S0 associated with him his son. and from that time it has been continued under the present firm name. Three floors in a commodious four-story building, having dimensions of 25x7.j feet, art occupied, and the stock of goods caiTied is full and complete in every detaU, the display of furniture being particularly attractive, the as- sortment embracing richly upholstered parlor and chamber suits, dining-room and hall furniture, and a general line of all articles re- quired in the household. In carpets and oi!-cloths the stock is un- usually large and includes all the new, beautiful styles and patterns in all grades. Bedding is a special feature of the business. Messrs. Mannes & Son are upright, honorable gentlemen to deal with, and are always courteous and agreeable to those who favor their house with their patronage. Goods are sold for cash or on the in.stalment plan. Mr. Henry Mannes is an old, well-known, esteemed citizen of New York and a successful, prosperous business man. His son and copartner was born in this city, and is a young man of fine business abUities. MECKE'S Transfer Express, No. 1317 Broidway; Branch Office, No. 791 Eighth Avenue.— Mecke's Transfer Express is a great convenience to the community of New York, and has becone very popular and is liberally patronized since the date of its establishment, 1886, Mr. A. Mecke, the proprietor, who is wideawake to the interests of the public, has been very successful in his enterprise and is highly commended for his promptness and reliability. He owns a number of fine horses and express wagons, and employs only careful men who can be depended on. Baggage and packages are called for and delivered to all parts of the city, and forwarded to Harlem, Brooklyn, Jersey City, Hoboken, and Staten Island. Two men accompany each wagon, and trunks are delivered to room south of Fifty- ninth Street at twenty-flve cents each, and to all other sections and adjoining cities at very low rates. Mr. Uecke is also agent for tlie Erie Express. He was born in Brooklyn, and is well known throughout that city. His main office is at No. 1317 Broadway, with branches at No. 76 West Thirty -sixth Street and No. 791 Eighth Avenue. He has unsurpassed facilities for the stor- age of household goods at low rates. E SCHMIDT, Grocer, No. 441 Fourth Avenue.— A noticeably well conducted establishment engaged in the grocery trade ^ in this section of the city is that of Mr. E. Schmidt, of No. 441 Fourth Avenue, corner of Thirtieth Street. This is an old-founded concern, and came into the possession of Mr. C. D. Pape in 1878, and at his death, which occurred in 1886, Mr. Schmidt became the proprietor. This gen :'3man, who was born in Germany has resided in the United States since 1881, and has proved himself to be a most worthy and desirable citizen. He is having excellent success as a merchant, owing to the ability and push which he ex- ercises in his transactions, and his establishment is one of the most flourishing and popular business concerns in this neighborhood. The fine salesroom occupied has dimensions of 25x75 feet, is very conveniently fitted up and neatly kept, and is filled with an Al stock of foreign and domestic staple and fancy groceries of every descrip- tion. While Mr. Schmidt makes it a'rule to handle none but the best class goods, yet he charges the lowest possible prices. This has resulted in giving him the excellent trade he enjoys, and with his four clerks and two delivery teams he is kept actively engaged iu attending to the wants of his numerous and appreciative custom- ers. JWIELAND, Pharmacist, Eighth Avenue and Forty-second Street. — Prominent among the uptown west side pharma- I cies is the well-ordered establishment of J. Wieland, which is in all respects one of the leading, most reliable drag stores in this quarter of the city, maintaining a deservedly high l eputation for pure drugs, medicines, chemicals and kindred prod- ucts, while Mr. Wieland enjoys an excellent reputation for accu- racy and vigilance in compounding prescriptions and in the gen- eral exercise of his profession. This elegant and popular pharmacy was established some twenty odd years ago by the present pro- prietor. The store is 25x50 feet in area, and is finely fitted up and very tastefully arranged, marble flooring, attractive fixtures, splen- did showcases, and a superb soda fountain imparting to the place a very inviting appearance. An extensive and carefully selected stock is constantly carried, embracing fresh and pure medicines and drugs of every variety, chemicals, extracts, acids, herbs and barks, proprietary remedies of merit, sanitary specialties, and druggists' sundrii'S of all kinds. The assortment also includes a complete and first-class line of toilet articles, perfumery, fancy goods, small wares, sponges, scented soaps, chamois, pure medicinal liquors and choice cigars, while three capable and reliable assistants are in attendance, and altogether a large flourishing trade is done. Orders are re- ceived by telephone. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-UAY 1G9 DAVID N. SMITH, Manufacturer of Embossed, Cut, Enamelled and Ground Glass, etc., Xos. VV.ii and Vi7S Broadway.— For a long number of years Ihe United Slates was dep(nident upon Europe for its supply of all kiuds nf ^,'lass si)ec'ialties, but now, through the skill, energy, and entorpi i^c of ility and skill have been manifested than in the production of iron- work for buildings, and a leading house engaged therein is that of Blr. John J. Bowes, at Nos. 227 and 229 West Twenty-ninth Street. As a manufacturer of all kinds of iron-work for buildings, plain and ornamental iron railing, sidewalk, elevators, fire-escapes, iron stairs, iron shutters, vault-doors, iron columns, vault-beams, girders and all kinds of builders' iron-work, cemetery railings, etc., Mr. Bowes has achieved a reputation and acquired a trade that places him in the front rank of enterprise and success. He has been established in the business here for a period of twenty-five years, and is per- fectly conversant with all the details and requirements of the trade, and with the best means for meeting all its demands. His facilities for production are of the most perfect and complete character, and his premises, occupying two floors. 50x100 feet each, are admirably equipped with all the finest machinery known to the trade, operated by a 75-horse power steam-engine, while employment is regularly Churcli ol the Strangers, Mereei' Street. afforded to one hundred skilled and experienced hands. The ser- vices of the house are in constant demand in the supplying of iron- work for prominent and important public buildings, especially in the fitting-up of school buildings throughout this city, and important work was executed on the Hotel Vendome. and other conspicuous houses and structures in New York and vicinity. Estimates are promptly furnished, and all work emanating from this establishment is guaranteed both as to quality, utihty, and workmanshiii. The house can be conscientiously recommended as a representative one in all respects, and those establishing relations with it will secure the highest degree of satisfaction in the thoroughly efficient manner in which all work will be accomplished. Mr. Bowes is a native of New York State, and is highly esteemed in this city for his business ability, practical skill, and sterling integrity. FH. AV. SCHLESIER & SON, Fine Stationery and Printing, Artistic Engraving, etc.. No. 250 Eighth Avenue.— An old ^ time-honored and representative establishment in its line in this busy trade district is that of Messrs. F. H. W. Schlesier & Son, stationers, printers, and dealers in music and music! instru- ments at No. 2.50 Eighth Avenue, near Twenty-third Street. This enterprise was founded as far back as 1847 by Mr. L. M. Jacobs, who was succeeded by the present firm in 1886. The spacious store, 25x50 feet in si2;e, is fitted up in a tasteful and elegant manner, and every facility is at hand for the advantageous prosecution of the en- terprise. A large, comprehensive, and complete stock is carried, and the numerous patronage received represents an annual business of most prosperous aggregate. Mr. F. H. W. Schlesier was born in Germany. He came to this country in 1867. locating in Hoboken, where for a period of seventeen years he filled the responsible office of director of his private schools. In 1883, in company with his son, Mr. F. E. J. Schlesier, a young man born in England, but raised in this country— he established in the music business on the Bowery. In 1886, the firm succeeded to the old-established stand at the pres- ent site. Mr. Schlesier also keeps on sale the " Old Shepherd Cure," which is the most wonderful and effective external remedy ever dis- covered for the cure of rheumatism in -all its forms, and we have never heard of its failure to cure, and in most cases bring relief after the first application. A trial of the " Cure" is particularly urged where other specific treatments have been tried and failed. HENRY C. NEWBURY, Commission Dealer in Potatoes, Apples, and Onions, and Country Produce Store, No. 1 Manhattan Market. Thirty-fourth Street and Eleventh Avenue.— No bet- ter evidence can be had of the importance of the metropolis as a point of distrib^ition than the success which has attended our leading commission houses. A case in point is furnished in the ca- reer of Mr. Henry C. Newbury, the well-known commission dealer in potatoes, apples, onions, and country produce at store. No. 1 Manhattan Market, Thirty-fourth Street and Eleventh Avenue. This house was established here in 1856, and has always stood in the front rank of its special line of trade. The building occupied for the business is situated on the line of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, and the arrangement is such as to facilitate trans- portation, and secure the greatest latitude for the prompt transac- tion of business. The proprietor handles large quantities of pota- toes, onions, apples, and other products of the farm, the orchard, and the erarden. which are received daily fresh from the hands of the producer. Only the choicest goods are carried, the quality of which IS fullv .assured before they are offered to purchasers. The pi-oprie- tor commands all the finest opportunity for making quick sales at the highest prices, the demands upon the resources of the house be- lli;; such that cniisigiimeiits are readily di.sposed of immediately on tlieir arrival. Returns are promptly mailed and perfect satisfaction is guaranteed. Consignments of country produce of all kinds are solicited- carefully handled, and promptly acknowledged in all cases. Shipping orders are filled with care, and a specialty is made of po- tatoes, onions, and apples in car-lots. The house is one which we feel at liberty to recommend to the consideration of all in need of such service, believing that any relations entered into with it will prove satisfactory and lasting. Reference is made by the proprietor to the Irving National Bank of this city, and the First National Bank of Greenwich, N. Y. Mr. Newbury is a native of Washington County, N. Y.. and known in this city as a reliable, enterprising, and reputable business man. BKAMAK & CO., Manufacturers and Importers of Cutlery and Juvenile Sets, No. 112 Chambers Street.— An old-established , and successful house in the metropoUs, actively engaged in the importation and sale of cutlery, etc., is that of Messrs. B. Kamak & Co. This business was established in 18.53 by Mr. A. Kamak. who was succeeded by A. Kamak & Son. Eventually, in 1880. Mr. B. Kamak became sole proprietor, and is now canying on the business under the style and title of B. Kamak & Co. The premises occupied comprise a spacious floor 25x80 feet in dimensions, fully equipped with every appliance and facihty for the accommodation and display of the large and valuable stock. The assortment includes all kinds of cutlery, juvenile sets, jewelry, etc., which are offered to job- bers and retailers at manufacturer's prices. All goods handled by this reliable house are general favorites with the trade wherever intro- duced. Mr. Kamak unports his cutlery and other specialties direct from the most famous foreign houses, and is consequently enabled to offer inducements in goods and prices to patrons, very difficult to be secured elsewhere. The trade of this popular house extends through- out all sections of the United States and Canada, and is steadily increasing, owing to the superiority of its productions. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 171 WR. ROMAINE, Modern and Antique Furniture, No. 4^' Union Square.— One of the most popular sources of supply in this city for l)Olli nioili'rn mid antique furnl- tui-e is the establishinrni oi' ^h- \V. i;. L'oiiiaine, at No. 42 Union Square, east side. Tliis jrriiih ni.in h.i^ li. - n csiabHshed in his present business for the past tliii ly ycai s, ami Umk jwssession of his present premises in 1887. Here he occupies a spacious and at- tractive store, AO.kSG feet in dimensions, and carries a heavy stock of new, choice and desirable Koods. This stock comprises parlor and chamber suits, carpets, mirrors, bronzes, bric-a-brac, etc., which are bought in large quantities, and sold for cash or special credit. The lai-Re experience and perfect knowledge possessed by the proprietor in all the details and rciiuiifmcnts of the trade render him especially competent to i'..iiilu. t iIm' hiisiness under the most favorable aus- pices, and to supply llmsr iii search of this class of goods at prices which defy coiupi titiou. Tlie patronage of the house is naturally large and iutluential, incliiding among its customers many of the wealthiest and most intelligent citizens who appreciate the fine taste and judgment of the proprietor in catering to theft- demands for the unique and the beautiful in this Ime of goods. Mr. Romaine is a native of New York. JK. COLE, Portraits, No. 1T4 Sixth Avenue.— One of the most popular photographers on Sixth Avenue is Mr. J. K. Cole. In ^ order to produce artistic effects the operating rooms are produced with every convenience, including backgrounds, so that he is enabled to produce portraits in all styles, and give perfect satisfaction, even to the most fastidious. Mr. Cole has a thorough knowledge of the art in all its details, and has all the new improved appliances, is familiar with all the new processes, and produces portrait work showing grace in position, harmony in com- position, and truth in outlines. He enjoys a wide popularity as one of till' liest photo-artists in the section in which he is located. Mr. Ci<\f is a native of New York, and has liad an experience as a photographer extending over fifteen years. He has been in his present location aliout a year, and is doing a first-class ljusiness. His iiarlois anil reception-rooms are 20x7.) feet in area, and are furnished in a neat and attractive style,' and contain many beautiful specimens of his artistic workmanship. PU.^FA' & CO., Prii\ters, No. 1308 Broadway.— One of the best conducted and tlioron^'hly-equipped printing eslahlislnnents np-fown is tliat of I'usc-y A Co.,wliicli Ikis l.e. ii estal.lished area of .'iHxiiO f.'et. are <-eni]>l te in .■ill appuinl nienls, and contain a number of j.ib :iihI a ei limiei- press, operaled by steam power, te.gether witb ne->v sl> le 1 \ pi an.i all llie aecessori. s i-e.piisite for the e.xeeinion of tlie very liesi el.iss of eoniiiiei eial and iM.okan.l general job |n-inling in all styles. Tlie lirni display exi elleiit taste :pnd menu cards, bills of lare. I. i tei -be.els. eie , an. I also nianulaeture extensively account and iTiemor.i u.lnni iK.oks, Tlie copartners are E. L. Pusey and .1. M. Tro\el! Tlie lonnei- is .i native of New York, and tli(> latter is from M.ir\ land. 1 le is a jHaetioal printer, and is prnfieient in all tbe ibilies . oMiieei.'d «itli the |)rinting business. A general line of stal ionery is al« ays kept on sale, including everything that belongs to the business. McMURRAY & Co., Booksellers, Stationers, and Fancy Goods Dealers, etc., No, 408 Fourth Avenue.— The popular business establishment of McMurray & Co., the well-known book- sellers and stationers, was estabUshed in 1860 by A. Gould, who continued it up to the time of her demise in 1880. when the present firm, composed of James G. McMurray and .T. Kinden. succeeded to the proprietorship. The commodious store lias an area of -lOx'.:, U'l-i , and is admirably arranged and complete in all its appoint inents. The assortment of books upon all subjects, iiicludiug science, art, travels, poetry, philosoiib.\ , bistory, ,ind high-class fiction, etc., is complete in all departments, Ihere are also school-books, blank- books and memorandum-books iu every conceivable style, and also counting-house, school, and plain and fancy stationery of every de- scription, together with aliituns, cards, pictures, and frames, and all the various fancy articles that pertain to the business. The gen- eral management of the affairs of the establishment devolve upon Mr. McMurray, who has had twenty years' experience in the book and stationery trade. He is a native New-Yorker. CDOHLER, Tailor, No. 84 Fourth Avenue.— One of the best known among the popular fashionable merchant tailors up ^ town is Mr. C. Dobler, who is located at No. 84 Fourth Avenue, where he has one of the finest and best as.sortments of goods in the piece, comprising all the newest and nobbiest styles of both foreign and home production, the stock embracing fine suit- ings and woollen trouserings, etc., in all the desirable fabrics. Mr. Dobler, who has had thirty-seven years' experience a.s a cutter and merchant tailor, gives his special attention to all departments of his business, and cuts and designs gentlemen's clothing upon scientific principles, and can always insure a perfect fitting garment that will give the best satisfaction as to quality of goods and price. Mr. Dobler, who was born in Germany over half a century ago, arrived in ibis eouniiy in 1854. He has always resided in New York, and established business in 1857 on East Broadway; eight years later he moved to tlie very desirable location now occupied. The store in size is 25x50 feet. It is neatly and tastefully fitted up. DR. J. M. JAFFRAY, Dentist, No. 381 Sixth Avenue.— Among the foremost dental practitioners in this city may be men- tioned the name of Dr. J. M. Jaffray, who sustains an excellent reputation for reliability and skill in the exercise of his art, while he enjoys as a consequence an extensive and very flattering patronage. Dr. Jaffray is a man of forty or thereabout, with upwards of twenty years' practical experience in his profession, and is a native of Portsmouth, R. I. Coming to New York in 1873, he commenced practice at No. 444 Sixth Avenue, where he continued up to January, 1887, when he moved to the present location. He occupies ample and commodious quarters, handsomely lilted up and completely e(|uipped with the mo.st improved ap|iliaiiees, il. viees, and general appurtenances, while no pains are spai ed lo i eml. r the utmost satisfaction in every case to patrons. Teetli are extracted, filled, adjusted, and attended to in all respects in the most superior and reliable manner; in short, everything comprehended in modern dentistry is executed in the highest style of the art, at popular prices. HIRAM JELLIFF & SON, Dealers in Builders' and House-fur- nishing Hardware, Mechanics' Tools, etc . No. 277 Ninth Avenue, betiveen ■I'went \ -si -.-i h .-in-l Tw enl -,- - ev. -nth Streets. —This enterpris.- \vas f, luinle, I :is l ar ba.-k as ls,-,4 by the present senior member of ihe linn, \\ i\^ Sixth Avenue.— Thirty -three years of steady' progress sums up in brief the history of the well and favorably known em- poriimi of Robert F. Smith, glover, hosier, and shirt-maker, which is one of the finest as well as one of the oldest gents' furnish- ing establishments in this quarter of the city. This store was estab. lished in 18.50 bj- the present proprietor, and was originally located on Canal Street, the business being subsequently moved to No. 779 Broadw ay, where it was carried on up to 1875, when it was removed t o t he commodious quarters now occupied, and here the business has since been continucil with uninterrupted success. The store is ample and compact, and is n ally lined up and appointed, while several expert hands are emplos ed, line custom shirts being a specialty. A heavy and Al stock is <-onstantly carried, embracing elegant gloves, furs and hosiery, novelties in neckwear, collars and cuffs, undercloth- ing, fine dress shirts, suspenders, silk handkerchiefs and gents' fur- nishing goods, while the shirts to order manufaetmvd here are first- class in every respect— in fit, comfort, finish, and material—and alto- gether a flourishing trade is done. Mr. Smith is a native of Birming- ham, England, but has been a resident of the city many years. ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. ABOWSKY, Fur-dresser, No. 2iO East Fifty-flrst Street.— Beginning in quite a small way twenty-one years ago, this enterprise has, like many of our largest and most represen- tative concerns, grown to become famous throughout the United States. Contiauous success is the real test of all business houses, and this being the experience of Mr. Bowsky, we can draw but one conclusion, and that is that he is entirely worthy of the confi- dence of the trade. His factory comprises a four-story brick build- ing, amply provided with aU modern appliances for the dressing and preparing of aU kinds of furs, constant employment being given to sixty experienced assistants. He makes a specialty of sealskin garments, and those made from beavers, otters, lynxes, foxes and other rich furs, for which untU recently we have had to look to Europe for our supply. This house bears an enviable reputation in the trade, many of the leading furriers aU over the country being among its permanent patrons, not only for the reUable character of the goods, but for the moderate charges and the contiauous supply of novelties in every kmd of fur that is displayed at all times. JOSEPH DUCIMETIERE, Kid Gloves and Hosiery, No. 332 Fourth Avenue. — Anything that adds to the personal appear- ance of the fair sex is always of the greatest value, and at the establishment of Mr. J. Ducimetiere all that may be included in the list of kid and suede gloves, fans, novelties, and silk aosiery is to be found of the best quality, and in great variety. The premises oc- cupied are very commodious and elegantly equipped, with every ap- pliance and facility for the display of the beautiful stock. The assort- ment of furnishings nandled is full and complete, and comprises Bon Marche and Regnier kid and suede gloves, neckwear, French novel- ties, and silli hosiery of every description, which have been imported direct from the manufacturers and are offered at prices that abso- lutely defy competition. Polite and attentive assistants serve cus- tomers promptly and intelligently, and a special featm-e of the busi- ness of this house is that the class of goods kept is always of the best description. Mr. Ducimetiere is a Frenchman by birth, and has been a resident of New York for sixteen years. In 18T4 he established him- self as an importer and dealer in the goods bandied, and seven years ago he located his establishment at the above address. JAMES J. FLEMING, Practical Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter, Dealer in Fine Gas-fixtures, etc.. No. 63 East Twelfth Street, near Broadway. -The house of Mr. James J. Fleming was es- tablished several years ago, and since its inception has en- joyed a liberal patronage. It was founded originally in 1876 under toe style of James J. Fleming &. Co., and two years later Mr. Flem- ing became the sole proprietor. The premises occupied are com- modious and neatly fitted up, and are stocked with a complete assortment of plumbers', steam and gas fitters' supplies. Every- thing in the way of plumbing, ventilating, steam and gas fitting is executed. Contracts are entered into, and the complete fitting up of buildings of all kinds is satisfactorily accomplished. In sanitary engineering an active and practical experience is certainly an ele- ment to commend confidence. Such an experience is that of Mr. Fleming, who has been connected with the trade for the past twenty- Iwo years. He employs from four to ten skilled workmen. He is a native of New York, and a member of the Plumbers' Association. EA. FITCH, Fancy Horses, Gentlemen's Driving Horses, etc., No. 153 East Twenty-fourth Street.— One of the oldest and J most prominent dealers engaged in dealing in horses is Mr. E. A. Fitch. Mr. Fitch has had extended experience in his line, is an expert judge of, and ree(iK:iize(l authority r n, all questions pertaining to the horse, and his stabli-s are visited by the best known turfmen and admirers of lioist- tlesh. It is twenty years since he established his busini ss li.-ir-. an.l .luring the intervening period he has built up a ppniKiiirMt. iImiui-Ii iiig, and inlluential patronage. The preniis.-s ..•.■iipiiMl .•.,ni]irise a two-story building having dimen- sions "f -."ix^ii I' i t. and titled tip throughout in the most complete and a]i]]io\ril luaiini-r with every convenience and comfort for st.)ck. Tlii i-.' :\v.- a' .-oiiiiiio(lntions for sixty horses, and a large and well-seleeteil sii]>;>ly l'" aii ii :ii N'ls i l^, Mi), and 151 East Twenty-fourth Street. Tin-- Iiu^mh --; « ;is .--.i ililished by the present proprietors in l'hiladeli)hi:i ni Mini m N^ iv Wn-k in 1S79. The premises occupied coniini^.- a sp:i. ioii, ihm story building 00x200 feet in area. The stables aiv lar-r an.i .iiiui. idiiiiis, well lighted, ventilated, and llioreughly diaiin'il, and have excellent ae- coniiuodation foi-tlin-e hiiiidi-i d and lil'ty horses. The linu have like- wise branch stables at .Nos v!-Jl amU'J.S .Nurtli Queen Slreel, Lam-as ter. Pa., which are capable of providing for two hundred horses. Both Messrs. Fiss and Doerr have spent their wdiole hves in this busi- ness, and are considered among the best judges of horses in the country. During the past year, they sold five thousand horses, chietly t(i street-car companies. They likewise make a specialty of handling line, road, family and saddle horses, and pay the greatest attention to the selection of them selling them at the lowest market figures. Messrs. Fiss & Doerr conduct their business according to just principles, and extend every legitimate accommodation to cus- most exquisite workman.ship. A staff of expert hands is employed, and particular attention is devoted to the repairing of fine watches, jewelry, and music-boxes, all work being executed in the most care- ful and finished manner, while the prices charged are made uni- formly reasonable. Mr. Linherr is a native of Switzerland, and has lived in New York since 1&49. He is a gentleman of sterling per- sonal character, enjoys the full confidence of his numerous friends and patrons, and has proved himself an honorable progressive, and reliable merchant. H& H. PRINTING CO.. Artistic Type Printing, Engraving, Lithographing, etc Nos. 312 and 314 East Twenty -second , Street.— In artistic type printing, engraving, hthographing, sterotyping, electrotyping, etc., this company holds a high position and enjoys a fine patronage. The business was originally es- tablished in 1880 by Messrs. HoUaman & Harnischfeyer, and in Janu- ary, 1887, the present style was adopted by Mr. l"h. Harnischfeyer as the sole proprietor. Like all true workers in art, he lias been ambi- tious to excel, and by close application and study he has won for the house a wide reputation for the execution of really artistic work. His ofiBce is perfectly equipped with new and improved machinery, III tomers. Both partners are natives of Philadelphia, and are highly esteemed by the community for their enterprise, skill, and integrity, and their success in the sale and exchange of horses is as substan- tial as it is well merited. The firm guarantees every horse to be as represented, and if not as represented money will be refunded. J A. LINHERR, Diamonds and Jewelry, No. 193 Sixth Avenue. — In the jewelry trade, as in many other lines nf cominercial , activity, New York takes the lead in this e.nind y, and there are tnauy notable estabUshments prosecuting,- I'xtensive trans- actions in this l>i-aneh of business. One of the oldest and b^st known of iln-s,. is tliat conducted by Mr. J. A. Linherr. whose well- known he ul-inarlTs are located very eligibly Aveinie, onpositc Macy's. The business of this eoi in 1849 by tlip brothers, Messrs. C and J. .V. Linli ducted inider their joint control until isno. wlien tl to the entire control, and has since, under his i ment, been augmented to proportions of nmch greater importance. The commodious and spacious store occupied, covering an area of 25x70 feet, is fitted up in tasteful, attractive style, and is filled with an extensive assortment of pure, sparkling diamonds, gold and sil- ver, European and American watches, clocks, optical goods, and jewelry of every description, all noted for beauty of design and i:i3 Sixth nanage- three presses, and other necessary appliances, provided with steam- power, and a competent force of expert hands is constantly employed under the personal supervision of the proprietor. His establishment has come to be recognized as an important factor in the industrial advancement of the community, and an institution in which the ut- most confidence can be safely placed. Mr. Harnischfeyer is a native of New Y'ork, with twelve years' experience in the art of printing, and eminently popular as an accomplished master of his trade and a reliable business man. ALEXANDER R RROWN, Carpenter and Cabinet-maker, Nos. 141 and H i W est Forty-second Street, between Ninth and Tenth .Vvenues.— Tills concern was founded four years ago, and the business has grown to very flattering proportions. Tlx- jiremises occupied are commodious, and are thoroughly eiiuiiiiied with all necessary mechanical appliances for the successftd oarr\ in;; out of any and all v,-ork inidertaken. The machinery is oper- ated by steam power, and ten skilled and experienced hands are jxr- manently employed. A large stock of thoroughly seasoned lumber is carried on hand, and cabinet goods of all kinds are skilfully and neatly made to order. Wood work of all descriptions is made to order, and a specialty is made of fitting up stores, oftices. etc. Mr. Brown was bom in Scotland, and has long resided in this city. 174 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. CHARLES F. ADAMS, Manufacturer of and Instalment Dealer in Household Supplies; Factories, Principal Office and Pur- chasing Agency, Erie, Pa.; W. S. Hawldns, Manager, No. 471 Foui-th Avenue. — One of the largest concerns in the country en- gaged ia the manufacture of a variety of useful household articles is located at Erie, Pa., and is owned and operated by Mr. Charles F. Adams. He estabhshed the business in 1874, and has since opened stores in every city in the country, that in New York being under the management of Mr. W. S. Hawkins, who is a native of Rhode Island. He occupies a very desirable location at No. 471 Fourth Avenue, and another store. No. !i3 CUnton Place, with dimensions of 25x80 feet. An immense stock of goods is carried, embracing a wide range of goods necessary in the household, and includes At- lantic and other wringers; Rogers' flat and hollow silver-plated ware; Smyrna rugs; all kinds of clocks, including the celebrated luminous dial; Family Bibles; albums; fluting machines; carpet- sweepers; bedspreads; lace curtains; laoe bed sets; stand and hanging lamps; books, including " Mai'velous Wonders of the Whole World;" Mrs. Ball's combination work-baskets; men and women's rubber clothing, and other household necessities, which are sold upon easy methods of payment by weekly or monthly instalments. Mr. Hawkins's operations extend throughout the city, and in the conduct of the business he employs from forty to fifty canvassers. This concern has become very popular, and the honorable manner the business is conducted has given it a wide reputation. The goods are all sold at prices that would be required to purchase them for cash, but by the system this concern conducts business a small pay- ment at a stated time is only required. M**. Hawkins is held in high estimation by all who have dealings vrith the house. JOHN RUSHWORTH, Steam Hoisting Machinery. No. 2S0West Thirtieth Street.— This gentleman has been established in bus- iness on his own accoimt in this city for the past twelve years, and from quite a small beginning it has developed into a large and prosperous business. Mr. Rushworth is an extensive manufactiu-er of steam hoisting apparatus. Mr. Bushworth's inti- mate knowledge and long experience in the business are such that his services are anxiously sought after. He is a thoroughly expert mechanic and well posted in this branch of trade. Any work under- taken by him can be depended upon to last. He is a patient and steady workman, and employs as many as eleven hands. The trade comes from all parts of the United States, but the greater portion of it is derived from New York City. The principal goods here manu- factured are from 6 to 25 horse-power hoisting machines. The ma- chine-shop, which has dimensions of 35x40 feet, is supplied with numerous new labor-saving machines by which the cost of labor is lessened and the price of goods also reduced. EDWARD BEADLE, Manufacturer of the Folding Mat, No. 1193 Broadway.— The Eureka Folding Mat is one of the best things of the kind we have ever seen. As its name impUes, it is fold- ing, and consists of wooden rods running parallel to one an- other attached to metallic fastenings, and so put together that it can be folded up into small compass. This business became estabhshed in 1885, and from quite a small beginning the same has become a very valuable trade. For steam-cars and street-cars these mats are much used. A demand has sprung up for them for this use in all parts of the United States, and orders are coming in from Europe, Australia, South America, and Canada. The castings are made for Mr. Beadle by contract, but the mats are constructed and shipped from the factory, which is situated at Cranford, New Jersey. It may be here remarked that Mr. Beadle is the sole manufacturer of these goods in the United States. A P. SMITH, Real Estate, No. 1475 Broadway.— Mr. A. P. Smith established this busihess over forty years ago, and has built J up a large and influential clientage, numbering among his patrons many wealthy investors and active operators. He conducts a general business in the sale, purchase, lease, exchange, care, and management of estates, and acts as notary pubUc. Upon his books are full descriptions of the most ehgible bargains available in stores, dweUiugs, and lots, also country property. Mr. Smit'j is a recognized authority as regards both present and prospective values of the residential and business property of this city. He has recently tm^ed his attention to building a few private houses from time to time. His cultivated taste in that line, and his judgment in choos- ing locations, and how they should be improved, also the many things: that belong to a house, are borne out by the rapid sale of properties in his hands, and the great satisfaction purchasers have after hving in them. Mr. Smith is a native of New York State. FM. SMITH, Painter and Paper-hanger, No. 159 East Twenty- third Street.— In the list of exponents of the painting and ^ paper-hanging industry in New York, we find one of the oldest and best-known names to be that of Mi". F. M. Smith. Mr. Smith, who is a native of this city, has had long and valuable ex- perience in his vocation, and is an acknowledged expert in all its branches. He founded his business in 1845, and is the oldest, in point of time, in this industry in New York City, and during the forty -two years intervening has ever enjoyed a first-class patronage. The com- modious store occupied by him is neatly fitted up, and is filled with a complete, superior stock of dry and mixed paints, colors, varnishes, brushes, oils, glass, and wall-paper in all the latest designs and fav- orite shades. Employing a corps of experienced and trustworthy as- sistants, Mr. Smith is at aU times prepared for successful service as a plain and decorative painter and paper-hanger, executing all con- tracts at the most favorable rates. He refers to the New York Board of Education, and many others, for testimony as to his sldll and reliabihty. WF. CUSHMAN, Bread, Pie, and Cake Baker, No. 147 Third Avenue, comer of Fifteenth Street.— For half a century J or more this house has been engaged in the manufacture and sale of the " staff of life," and the products have al- ways been commendable on account of their purity and wholesome- ness. Many changes have necessarily occurred m the proprietorship since the business was inaugurated. The present proprietor, Mr. W. F. Cushman, purchased and took possession of the business from Mr. O. M. Lawton, in March, 1887, and he has fully maintained the high reputation the house has always borne, while he has largly increased the volume of trade. The premises comprise salesroom and base- ment, each 25x75 feet in dimensions. The basement is utilized as the bakery, the mechanical equipments of which are of the most modern and complete character. Eighteen to twenty hands are employed, and in the manufacture of bread, pies, and cakes about .30,000 pounds of flour are weekly consumed. The salesroom is finely appointed throughout with excellent taste, and a large and finely assorted stock is constantly carried. A specialty is made of supplying hotels, restau- rants, etc., and three dehvery wagons are employed. Mi-. Cushman is a native of Vermont, and has resided in this city since 1879. LINTON, Druggist, No. 216 Fourth Avenue.— This concern was originally founded m 18;33 by Messrs. Hegeman & Co., and has been uniformly successful from the o'ltset; and its popularity and prosperity have in no whit diminished since it came, in 1881, into the possession of the present proprietor. Mr. Linton, who is a native of this State, has had twenty years' practical experience as a druggist, is thoroughly conversant with every detail of his profession, and occupies a high standing in the trade. The fine spacious store occupied, covering an area of 20x70 feet, is fitted up in the most complete and convenient style, has handsome fixtures, and is attrac- tive in all its departments. The superb stock carried embraces a heavy assortment of the purest drugs and chemicals, a full variety of proprietary medicines, toilet and fancy goods, perfumery, surgical appUances. and druggists' sundries. Special care is taken in dis- pensing medicines, and aU physicians' prescriptions are compounded with absolute accuracy. OWEN P. McDonald, Florist, No. 63 West Fourteenth Street.— Among the ablest and most popular up-town florists will be found Mr, Owen P. McDonald. Mr. McDonald is a native of this city, and a skilful florist of thirteen years' experience. In 1883 he began business as head of the firm of McDonald & Hanf t. and two years later succeeded to the sole proprietorship of the enterprise. The store, S.ixiJO feet in size, is admirably arranged for the pui-pose and supphed with aU the modem adjuncts of convenience and attractive- ness. A large, carefully selected stock of cut flowers, plants, etc., is carried ; floral pieces in the most artistic designs are a specialty of the business, and the extensive and liberal patronage received evidences the wide popularity of the establishment. Mr. McDonald is a young and energetic business man, popiflarly regarded as fully deserving of: his signal and well-earned success. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 175 ELIZABETH OIL-CLOTH CO., Manufacturers of Enamel and Carriage Cloth. Duck. Drill, and Muslin, Flocked Rubber DriU, Moleskins. Woods. Fancy and White Jlarblc Prints. Table- covers and Stair-cloths, Second Street, Elizabeth, N. J. EstabUshed 1868; John A. Bouker, Pres.; Geo. F. Hawkes, Treas.— A review of the industrial interests of this section reveals the exist- ence of some noteworthy concerns in many of the chief branches of trade. Especially is this true with regard to the manufacture of enamel and carriage cloth, oil-cloths, etc.. in which industry the Eliz- abeth Oil-cloth Company of Ehzabeth, N. J,, has achieved an enviable reputation for the superiority and excellence of its various specialties. This company was duly organized in isri, with large capital, and since its inception has built up an extensive and influential patronage in all sections of the United States. The ofiBcers of the company are as foUows. viz.: John A. Bouker, president; George F. Hawkes, trea- surer; Albert H. Hawkes, secretary. The premises occupied com- prise six buildings in all. These are fully supphed with every facility as regards machinery and modern labor-saving appliances. Forty experienced operatives are employed, and the machinery is driven by steam-power. The Elizabeth Oil-cloth Company manufactures largely enamel and carriage cloth, duck, drill, and muslin, woods, fancy marbles, white marble prints, table-covers, and stair-clotlis. These goods are unrivalled for quality, finish. reliabiUty, durabiUty, and ex- cellence, and have no superiors in the American or European mar- kets, while the prices quoted for these specialties necessarily attract the attention of careful and close buyers. The ofiBcers are all natives of New Jersey, and are widely known as responsible citizens and honorable business men. DKEMPNER & soy. Real-estate Brokers, No. 602 Eighth Avenue.— The business conducted by the fii-m of Kempner , & Son, real-estate brokers and hou.se-agents, has been estab- lished since 1869. Jtr. D. Kempner commenced the busi- ness at that date and has since enlarged and extended the operations. In 18S-2 he associated with him his son, Mr. Nathan Kempner, a young man who was brought up in the office of his father and who is familiar with all the details connected ^^-ith real-estate and insurance transactions. The firm take charge of estates, acting as managers and agents for many large estates and owners, and give special atten- tion to all branches of the real-estate business, and can offer the very best inducements to investors. Rents are collected and insurance placed in the leading strong substantial companies of the world. Messrs. D. Kempner & Son are the authorized agents for the Northern Assurance Co. of London. England, and can effect insurmice on satis- factory terms. Mr. David Kempner, who was bom in Germany, has been in New York many years. His son and copartner is a native of this city, and is a live, energetic business man. and notary public. Both are members of the New York Real-estate Exchange. Mr. D. Kempner is connected with a large number of charitable and benevolent institutions, and occupies a prominent position in them. GEO. W. MERCER, Real Estate, etc.. No. 266 West Twenty-third Street.— Among the leading and representative real-estate men doing business in this section of the city will be found Mr. Geo. W. Mercer, whose fine ofiHces are eligibly located at No. 266 West Twenty-third Street. This business was originally es- tablished as far back as 1S4.5 by Mr. J. Denham, who was succeeded by J. Denham & Co., and in 18r9, Mr. Mercer, who had been id ntified with the ofiSce from 1847, became its proprietor. A general real-estate and house-agent business is done; also aU the first-class home and foreign fire-insurance companies are represented, risks being placed to any amount upon all insurable property. The office has [an' established reputation for strict integrity and equitable dealing, and a large and liberal patronage is received. Mr. Mercer is a commis,sioner of deeds, and .las long been counted among the ablest and most highly respected city business men in his field of commercial activity. ABRAHAMS & GRUNAUER, Importing TaUors, No. 451 Sixth Avenue, near Twenty-seventh Street.— Among the youngest, most spiritedly conducted houses in this Une is that of Messrs. Abrahams & Grunauer, who, though only about two years in business, have secured a patronage of an extent and character that establishments of much older foundation would be glad to lay claim to. The store has an area of 20x.55 feet, has a marble floor, and handsome and attractive fixtures. It is lighted by two fine show windows, and there is displayed one of the finest stocks of imported fabrics from the best looms of Europe, in suitings, cassimeres, diag- onals, broad-cloths, cheviots, beavers, vestings, etc., in their different varieties and qualities, to be found in the city. Measures are taken, and the best-fitting garments, trimmed and made in the most desir- able manner, and accurate in cut and fit. are furnished at short notice. Specialties are made of uniforms and liveries, end of ladies' sacks and jackets; and every garment that leaves the establishment is made from the best quality of imported material, beautifully finished and of the most stylish and fashionable pattern. From twenty to fifty hands are employed. Messrs. Louis Abraliams and Reuben Gnmauer are both practical tailors. Mr. Gnmauer was bom in this city and Mr. .Vbrahams is a native of Vermont, but has been a resident of New York from childhood. 176 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. HENRY STUBE, Flour, Grain, Hay, Straw, Salt, etc.. No. 40,3 West Forty -fifth Street. — Prominent among the more enter- prising and popular merchants doing business in this section of the city is Mr. Henry Stube, dealer in flour, grain, etc., at No. 403 West Forty -fifth Street. This gentleman founded his busi- ness five years ago, and at the start determined to handle none but the best goods, sell them at the very lowest prices for cash, and be liberal and accommodating in his business methods, and the result has been that he enjoys a liberal and substantial patronage which is annually increasing. The premises occupied comprise a commo- dious store, •..'5x40 feet in dimensions, neatly finished and fitted up with every facility and con venience for the successful prosecution of the business. The stock carried is large and well selected, and em- braces the best brands of family flour, corn and oat meals, grain of all kinds, ground feed, baled hay and straw, salt, etc. Mr. Stube has had long experience in this business, which, combined with the un- surpassed facilities he enjoys for the purchase of his supplies, ena- bles him to offer inducements to consumers difficnlt to be obtained elsewhere. He is assisted in the conduct of the business by three fitting and steam -heating work of every description is executed in the most superior and expeditious manner, and hot-water boilers, fur- naces, and heaters are repaired and set in place, while general job- bing, sewering, and ventilating are promptly and satisfactorily at- tended to, Mr. Mullen personally superintending every contract. From four to ten skilful and reUable hands are employed. GL. KELLOGG, Boots and Shoes, No 412 Fourth Avenue.— In the manufacture of superior grades of boots and shoes, J a reliable and old-established house is that of Mr. G. L. Kellogg, successor to Mr. A. T. Elton, who carried on an ex- tensive business from 1869 imtil the time of his decease in 1887, when Mr. Kellogg assumed entire charge of the enterprise. In the stock handled will be found fine boots, shoes, slippers, gaiters, and every- thing that is new and fashionable in all the leading styles of Paris and London, for men, women, and children's wear. The assortment is unexcelled as to quality, and the prices will be found lower than those asked for the same grades of goods in any similar first-class establishment. Fine custom work is a specialty of the house, and in I860— Old St. Patrick's Cathedral, Mott Street. experienced salesmen; all orders are promptly filled, and the goods delivered free of charge to any part of the city. He is a native of Germany, whence he came to this city in 1842, and as a merchant and citizen is highly respected and esteemed. JOHN J. MULLEN, Plumber and Gas-fitter, No. 17 East Seven- teenth Street. — Among the leading and most reliable plumbers and gas-fitters in this part of the city can be named John J. Mullen, whose spacious and well-equipped estabUshment main- tains a high reputation for effective and excellent work. Mr. Mullen, who is a man of thirty-four or thereabout, is a native of New York and is a practical and expert workman, with some nineteen years' experience in the exercise of his art, and is thoroughly conversant with the trade in all its branches. Being a yotmg man of push and enterprise as well as skill, he started in business on his own accotmt in 1880, opening a shop on Clinton Street, and subsequently moved to No. 27 Whitehall Street, whence he removed to the present commo- dious quarters in 1887. He occupied here a handsome and neatly kept 25x90-foot store, and cames constantly on hand a complete and fu-st-class stock, including plumbers' materials, sanitary specialties, and gas-fixtures in great variety, boilers, bath-tubs, marble wash- basins, ranges, ventUating pipes, water-closets, lead pipe, sheet lead, and a multifarious assortment of kindred articles. Plumbing, gas- this particular department boots and shoes are made to order, whiek are unsurpassed for style, quaUty, fit. and appearance, at very mod- erate prices. Three assistants are employed. Mr. Kellogg is a native of New York, and a yovmg man whose present success is but a prophecy of a still more prosperous future. FRED J. STARR, Dentist, No. 325 Eighth Avenue.— Among the most skilful and reliable dental practitioners in this quarter of the city may be mentioned the name of Fred J. Starr, who enjoys an excellent reputation for skill and reliability in the general exercise of his art. Mr. Starr, who is a young man and a na- tive of New York, is a painstaking and expert dentist with many years' experience in all branches of the profession. He commenced practice here in 1870. and at once established himself in popular fa- vor, building tip a large and flourishing business. He occupies .spa- cious and commodious quarters, handsomely fitted up and com- pletely equipped in every respect with the most improved applian- ces and dental appurtenances, while two capable and efficient as- sistants also are in attendance. Teeth are extracted, filled, ad- justed and mounted in the most superior and satisfactory manner; sets are made and fitted: gums are treated, and everything pertain- ing to modem dentistry is attended to with skill and care, and alto- gether he enjoys an extensive and influential practice. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 177 RS. WICKETT, Manufacturer of Artiflc-ial Limbs, No. 7*^ Broadway.— The loss of a leg or an arm is a calamity of such a serious character that the victims of misfortune should exercise the greatest care in the selection of an arti- ficial limb, to secure not only perfection and precision of workman- ship, but one embodying the latest improvements. JIany of these improvements of the utmost value to the user are llir sulc imipcrty of Mr. R. S. Wickett, the celebrated manufailui-. r d artificial limbs, and who is a worthy successor to the latr William Sripho, fitly termed the originatoi- of thosi' styles of ariilii'ial limlis tliat most perfectly approach to Ih.' iialural ac-tioti^ an.l us.M uliii-s of the missing section of the h"^ m- arm. \s faii\ as I'-:;,, Vr. Wil- liam Selpho turned his itiventive ^'ciiius totliis liiiinanilarian field of enterprise, and in 1839 produced tlie first ariilirial liiiili i-vcr made in America. The success achieved ri\etc(l laililic r.llentinn to his remarkable skill and ingenuity, and the business steadily grew in im- portance, the Selpho legs and arms being so inuneasurably superior to all others. Upon Mr. Selpho's retirement in ISra. he was suc- ceeded by Mr. Rowland S Wickett, liis eliief assistant for many years previously, who in partnership witli Mr liradley carried on the business, till in 1880 the firm dissnlveil, ^Ir. Wi( kett remaining sole proprietor. The remarkable success alli iidiuL; his efforts to ameliorate the condition of tliose crijipled liy the loss of an arm or a leg, hand, or foot is but the uatuial result of the wonderful per- fection of his artificial liinlis They are imlorsed by the United States government and officially urdei ed (,,y ai iny and navy pen- sioners. Thousands of leading citizens all r tlie I'liited States are now wearing the Selpho artificial limlis. ■;ihl are thus enabled to walk about in a natural, easy way, or w ith I lii ir art ilieial hand and arm hold a fork, knife, ])eii, etc , and use the liand in all ordinary ways. Thousands of test nuDuials are in Mr Wickett's possession from responsible parties nvhose names and addresses will be found in his large illustrated descriptive catalogue i, which demonstrate that the Selpho legs have the following advantages over those of other makers: an elastic, life-like feelin? at eveiy step, giving the stiunp an easier l)earing and liein- less liable to injury from sudden shocks, such as jumping, ete.;the step is elastic and natural, being the closest approximation to nature yet attained; the jierfect appli- cation of mechanii'al laws is sei ii in the ankle r.nd knee joints, ob- taining a far liirhter and stron_'er le- than lias ev,-r yet been at- tempted by other makers. .Mr. Wiekett has l,rna,;.:ht his leg and foot to the most remarkable degree of perfeetion. the foot retainini,' its hold firmly in walking up-hill on tmeven ground, and is under as perfect control as the sound leg. while its lieantiful situjilieity of con- struction, lightness, strength and durability, and the ease with which the wearer can keep it in order, all are strong reeommendatious in its favor. Mr. James B. Trousdale, of Br Sixth Aveniie.— Keeping pace with the march of ^ progress in science and art, very notable and gratifying im- provement has been effected of late years in surgical a|>pli- ances, orthopiKdical devices and all kinds of instruments for de- formed members of the hunum body. What with discovery, inven- tion, and the marked development of mechanical skill, a degree of excellence closely akin to perfection itself has been reached In this direction by some manufacturers of these useful and indispensable articles. Among such in New York may be mentioned the name of .1. C. Schnoter, mamifacturer of trusses, shoulder-braces, bandages, and kindred devices, whose widely and favorably known establish- ment is located at Nos. 523-525 Sixth Avenue, (entrance at 5'.J.3) be- tween Thirty-first and Thirty-second streets, and who is by general consent one of the foremost exponents of the art in this city; his products being in steady and growing demand among the medical, surgical, and pharmaceutical professions throughout the entire country, owing to the unequivocal excellence and reliability of the same, while his patronage is of a most substantial and flattering character. Mr. Schnoter, who is of German birth, but a resident of this country many years, is a practical and expert workman himself, withlong and varied experience in the exercise of his art, of which he is a thorough master in all ils bi atiches. Being a man of push and enterprise as well as unquestionable skill in his profession, he started in business on his own account on Broadway, 1871, moving to the present commodious quarters in 1872, and from the start he has steadily won his way to public favor and prominence, building up an extensive and prosperous connection rroduciug a very superior class of goods, strictly honorable and liberal in liis dealings, and de- voting untiring attention to his liusiness, it is only in the nature of things that Mr. Schnoter should attain the deservedly high reputa- tion he sustains. He occuiiies an entire .50x,50 (second) floor, well ordered and equipped in every resjieet. while a neatlj' appointed ladies' parlor is maintained in conni-etion: a conijietent female as- sistant likewise being in attendance. Twenty-one exjiert v. i i kinen are employed in the mauufactui in. 109 Re.ide Street. Mr. Ryan has a large yard at the corner of Jlorton and Washington streets, where a goodly force of hands is kept busy in the manufacture of packing boxes of various sizes and renovating and restoring to usefulness the frequent inn eliases of second-hand boxes. At the Reade Street store a larLT ' and varied stock of those articles is carried, and a niunber of teaiu-i .M-e . (.ntirinously employed in delivering the orders of custom- ers, wlio repi iM iit all the branches of mercantile business. Mr. Ryan is an active, go-ahead business man, highly esteemed by his many patrons, and generally regarded as fully deserving of the success achieved m and prosperous status of his enterprise. 180 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. NEW YORK COIN & STAMP CO., No. 853 Broadway.— Few people, not already collectors, have any idea of the great number of coins and medals sold in this country to the ever-increasing class of scientists, known as " Numismatists," or students in the science of coins. Oui- reporter, attracted by a small show-case before the Domestic Building, corner of Broad- way and Foui'teenth Street, found upon closer inspection of the sample coins and medals therein, that in Room .5 the Kew York Coin <& Stamp Co. had their office. The usual curiosity excited by the curious discs of metal induced him to investigate the business, and ascending to the front office on first floor, made known to the mana- ger, Mr. David Proskey, his desire to be enlightened as to what coins could be obtained in sufficient quantity to make a business in selling them; whereupon the manager proceeded to the flre-proof cabinet and began his illustrated lecture by exhibiting one of the earUest known coins, a Didrachm of ancient .aigina (intrinsic value thirty cents, market value seven dollars), coined about 700 B.C.; a rudely formed lump of silver, bearing a top view of a turtle for the obverse design, and for a reverse merely the mark of the punch used to drive the metal into the die. At this period coins were struck with a single die and that merely to give authenticity to the various issues. After a century or so, the punches were marked with symbols and letters, and finally resolved into regular dies so that the reverse of a COLD received as much attention fi'om the coiner as did the obverse; since which period the use o£ two dies in coinage has been the rule, with comparatively few exceptions, and they principally during the dark and middle ages, when coins were struck from wooden dies, bearing only designs for one side; such coins are styled '• Bracteates," ■when in very thin metal, and in later yeare siege or necessity money. A large number of other ancient Greek coins were then exhibited, among which we remember examples in all metals from Athens, Thebes, Argos, Boeotia, Agrigentum, Syracuse, Crotona, lUyria, Egypt, Macedonia (those of Alexander the Great were very interest- ing), Syria, Jiidea, etc., some issued under republican, others imperial and regal governments, with historical tyrants everywhere, the coins varying in size from the He"-iii-obolus to Tetradrachm in silver, i to 4 Staters in i,'< ild,aud from the most minute to the largest size in bronze. The prices were the most sui-prising part of the exhibition, for coins so many centuries old. many could be had for 10 cents to SI each, and seldom do any but tlie gold coins call for more than $10. Equally surprising were the prices for the Denarii of the Roman consuls and emperors; just fancy a silver coin 1600 to 2000 yeai-s old and well pre- served, weighing about 1.5 cents, and selling at such nominal prices as 30, 40, and 50 cents,— and few for over SI; why. it woiddn't pay to counterfeit them, even could it be done sufficiently well to deceive a collector. The " tribute penny" of the Bible (a Denarius of Tiberius Ctesar) which was offerd to test the Saviour's loyalty, can be bought here in fine condition at $2 to S3— almost as perfect as when coined nearly 1900 years ago. The bronze coins of the Roman emperors from Augustus Csesar to Constantine the Great and his famUy, can be bought at 15 cents to .50 cents each. So many are being dis- covered by the recent excavations in historical regions, that the prices are kept down by their constant importation by tourists and others; in fact they are cheaper here than where found, as a rule. Rare types or extra fine pieces bring much higher prices. A drawer of Aureii, the largest Roman gold coin, is shown; that untarnished metal, with portraits cle^r and superscriptions easily read, can be bought for $13 to $20 each, and many of the Christian emperors at half these prices. Many buy these pieces for jewelry purposes; attractive scarf-pins and watch-charms are made of them. The rare coins of the ancient Hebrews were also shown; the Shekel of Prince Simon Maccabaeus, 143 to 135 b.c. (the brother of Judas), bearing the manna cup or chalice (captured by Titus at Jerusalem's destruction), with the triple Uly, or, as some style it, the budding rod of Aaron, for a reverse. A Half-shekel is of same design; this, the annual poll-tax to be paid into the treasury, serving as a census; no other method of Half-shekel. enirmeratlon being permitted. These two coins are valued at $30 to $.50 each, in fine preservation. The Lepton or " widow's mite," the smallest Jewish bronze coin, although rarely foimd fine, sells at $8 to $5 each. Connected with Jewish history are the famous bronze and silver coins struck by the emperors Vespasian and Titus to com- memorate their destruction of Jerusalem, the fulfilment of Christ's prophecy. One type has a weeping Jewess seated at the foot of a Bronze Coin of Vespasian after Fall of .Jerusalem. trophy of arms; the inscription below, Tvdaea, tells the tale. On others, a date-palm tree, beneath which a captive Israehte stands with down- cast head; Titus with baton stands to left; the legend surrounding is, IvDAEA Capta. These in bronze sell for $5 to $25 each, while those in silver bring but $3 to $5 each; monuments of a nation's fall, enduring for all time. Passing without comment the numerous drawers and boxes of coins and medals of mediaeval and modern times, representing every stage of civilization, every clime and people, we come to our own country and view the first coins of the embryo Union. The colony, of Massachusetts Bay contracted with Captain John Hull, for the manufacture of coins for the use of the colonists in 1652; the first sort coined were as plain and simple as they are now rare; the illustration is an accurate copy of the " N.E. shilling," as they are now styled. First ilonetj Coined in Limits of Present United States. These are worth $25 to $40. The Pine-tree and Oak-tree shillings are the most common of the M_assachusetts silver coins. A '• Willow- tree" shilling is now exhibited, the rarest of the series, being worth $75; it is much ruder than the others of the series; very few are known to exist; from the inaccuracy of engraving and crude con- ception in general the "WUlow" was the earliest issue following the type illustrated above. Many interesting coins and tokens of the colonial period are shown, but their prices are so low that they hardly merit mention, until we come to the "king of the colonials," the famous gold Doubloon of New York, coined by Ephraim Brasher, a goldsmith of this city, in 1787 ; the illustration heads this article. The face value is about $16. but the last specimen (one inferior to this) sold at auction brought $507, and was resold by the purchaser im- mediately for $.527; only five are known. It being the only gold THE J^AETROPOLIS OF lO-DAY. 181 coin of the class, it nocossarily lioli'-, if< p. isitiMii wiUi luuior; tlio semi-ualional iiiiiM.rtaiK f L;iN ; ii it In Ikimii;; Im>' .uul iiiutto of the UuitL'il Slat>-> fur a n-MTM-, uliil.Mlir u U Slate arms and motto lill the obveree; the uuiiu- uf UuAsuiiu ainjears in fore.^roiinil, and his uiitials E B are counter-stamped ou the eagle's wing. The specimen before us is the finest known. Before the establisliment uf the national mint at Philadelphia in i;:!.'. ihc -ox, I iniM iii eoiilraelcd fur a large quantity of copper cents niiw iwii as 1- > 1 rnls. 'I'liey were coined in New York and New Haven principalh : I h^-v -ell al '^'i eeiits to ."lO cents, being quite eoni- were cohied lirst ill silver in I r'.i I. ;,'i>iil in l,;i>. [iirunl.i n.in,, although much rarer tlian llujse ol uilermr luelais, do not sell ai prices in proportion to their scarcity as compared with the other coins. Silver dollars of 1704, mi\ 183s, lS:i<). 18.51. lS.-,i, 1S5S, are all of con- siderable value, rangius- from $5 to $100 according to state of pre- servation. One dattjd 1SI14 (although none were issued of that date in ISOt, all known specimens having been re-struck at various dates between IK3i; and IsTO, for those having influence with the authorities) would sell at $."1(10 to SlOOO now; notwithstanding it is not so rare or historically valuable as the New York doubloon aforementioned, but continued advertising for them by collectors has placed a flctitiou<( value ou them far lieyond their merit. Half-dollars of 1796 and 1797 command large iHvmiums, but nearly all of the other dates may be pm-chased at 75 cents to $\ each, few exceeding many in perfect condition having merely nominal premiums. Quarter-dollars of 182.3 and 1827 are very valuable. Dimes dated from 1790 to 1804, 1809, 1811, 1822, are always in demand at large premiums. Half-dimes from 1794 to 1R0.5 are also eagerly sought; 1846 is likewise rare. Tlu-ee- cent silver pieces coined after 1802 all command good premiums. Even the nickel 3 cents and 5 cents of 1877 are worth several times their face value. Cents of 1793, 1799, 1804, 1809, 1811, are rare, and well- preserved specimens bring high prices. Many of the commoner dates when sharp and in fine condition are worth good sums. The nickel eagle cent of 1850, is worth $2 anil upward. All half-cents are worth at least two hundred per cent premiiun, but such dates as 1793, 1790, 1802, 1811, 1831, 18.30, 1840 to 1848, 18.)2, are worth extra prices, often up to $5 or $10. Foreign silver and copper coins and medals were shown us in great quantities. One collection alone recently imported consists of 23,000 pieces, still remaining in the original packages, so great is the stock in the cabinets. Several most remarkable cnins are the 2 and 4 Daler copper pieces of Swed»u, each weighing about 9 lbs. and issued from 1C7.5 to 17G0 as necessity money, these are worth Sl2 to ?2(i each. So varied are the types, forms and peculiarities of the f. reign e'oins shown us, that volumes couM be filled by describing a small poiti' m of what we have seen to-day. Prices in most instances are iiu-rely nom inal, seldom more than cost for keeping them in order ready loi- sale. Paper money of all sorts,-the colonies prior to and during the Revolu- tionary war, the Ciiited States Continentals; notes of retired and broken banks; " shinplasters" of the " hard times" period of 1837, and of the RebelUon 1802-4, when any man could print the money he liked best; Confederate govermnent, state, county, teiwn. and private notes, and the fractional currency of the United States, all find a jilaee in the stock before us. Many can be bought at 5 cents to in c'enis l aeh, but certain varieties of any of the series sell much hi.lier i ■olonial notes can be had at 15 cents upward. Postage and revenue -,t aeij k, I oreign and domestic, may also be found here in dazzling array of colors and tjTjes. Old collections of these can always find a purchaser at good prices in the New York Coin & Stamp Co, Several shelves hold the largest slock of numismatic books in thi.s country; they are in many languages and ages from ICOO to date, A bargain list mentions several useful works at exceedingly low prices, the remainuift editions being included in the stock; such as "Crosby's Early Coins of America," a superb work without a rival; illustrated with cuts and heliotype plates; quarto, half morocco, published at $15, now offered at $4, or imbound at $3. '■ Maris' Coins of New Jersey," a folio at $2. " Dr, Morris' Coins of the Grand Masters of the Order of St. John of Jei-usalem and Malta," only $1,— a sample few. The Museum part of this ninltum-iii-parvo office is alone worthy of a visit: antiiiue scarabs, the sign-manuals of the EgjTitians, Babylonian cyl- iihleis, and Sas.sanian intaglios, etc, with fossils, precious opals, iiniiei als, and Confederate relics, form only a part of a most interest- ing gathering, BIr. H. P. Smith, the treasurer of the company, and manager. David Proskey. are both natives of this State, and take con- siderable pride in representing goods as their merits demand. Both are known as numismatists of long standing and great experience, and who do not traffic solely for profit, but principally for the plea- sure of the science. TIIF, FLEMlN'i; crT-SiiLR CO.. Cutters and Wholesale Deal- ers in Ijesi (irailes of Cut Soles and Sole Leather, No. 101 Reade Street.- The leather trade with its numerous tributary t branches constitutes an important feature of metropolitan commerce, and gives profitable employment to large capital, busi- ness talent, and skilled labor. One of the principal branches of the leather trade in this city is the cut sole-leather business, which takes the place of the old commission leather houses of New York, who in times past were the only channel through which the large tanners could distribute their enormous stocks of leather to the differ- ent shoe manufacturing imlustries of tie- e<,iintry, i Uvin- to the mcrease of improved shoe iii;;i liiiier\ . lio - ni^innlaeliirers huM- lieen compelled to confine them-eh es io I lie pi o,lii. noii oi' eiTtaiii lines of goods, in this way only re(|uiriiig iI, ->oI,-n suitable tor eaeh -rade, and in place of buying tlieii- leather i.i ^iii s as loriuei ly . l'o ilirect to the sole-entter^, w h. . suj .|.ly tlieiii xx ith ,iust the graiie of sole they reiiiiire in their -pecial line of -,.o,ls. This business of lailtiugthe leuilier into sole-,, ami sellinu' the soles ilireet to the nianufaeturers, first originate,) in the Eastern St.it, -s. and it is,.nlyf tlie w,.iiil to , lay. The Fleming Cut-sole Co.. at 101 Reade Street, are the iii.ineers in the business in this city. In 1880, Mr. James Fleming, seeing that as New York in the past has been the great centre of the leather trade, so it woidd be of the " cut-sole leather business" in the futiu-e. and having been built in an energetic and enterprising mold, was not afraid to put his opinions to the test. That he was correct, is attested by the fact that there are now from twelve to fifteen other large establish- ments engaged in this business in New York City at the present time. The courage and energy which enable a man to become the pioneer in any line of business, when accompanied by perseverance and sound till: iness principles, will always insure success. And a visit to the ,-stabli-liment of the Fleming Ciit sol,' Cmpany to-day is all that is i-,-,iiiire,l to convince any on,- ,'f this fact. Starting in 1880 in a small way. oceiipying only a portion ot ,.ii,- l.'ft, owing to the steady inerease of their business they havi- he, n eoiiii«-lled to seek larger iniart.-i-s, until to-day thev oceiijiy tlir.-,' tlo,.rs, :X»xl25 feet eai-h, in one of tli,- tiiu'st building, in th,' eil\ . The neral arrange- in, ait is s\steiiiatie aii,l eon\ laii.-iit, and e\,a-y faeility jirovided for th,' aih aiitai,'eoiis iiroseeiit ion I'f th,-ir Im-iness I'li.'y buy only the fin, 'St LTiadi s of riak and I'niiai leather, and produce the finest soles of any lions,. ,ime,1e,i witli the trade. Then specialty, the "Stand- anl Soh s," ar,- ai-kiio\vle,lu', d to be tpe best sole in the market for fine eii-.toiii \\,.rk Ahva\s at the head, and producing the finest go, "Is it is 11,' w.mderthat the produelions of tlus house have a standar,! \alne in every market into wliieh they have been intro- diiei'd. ^h■. .lames FK-ming. Presid.'lU. and Mr. George F. Mills, the Tri asin 'r. an r, si,l, nts of Brooklyn, and both in the prime of life, p,,ssi ssin_' a inaetieal knowledge of the business, with all the requi- site I'liei^^y aii.l push for its successful conduct. By their well- directed and spirited efforts, combined with their reputation for square dealing with theii- eustomei-s, they have built up a large and lucrative busmess. and become prominent and respected merchants in their line of trade. They bid fair in the futm-e to retain the posi- tion they have worked so hard to reach at the head of the cut-sole business of New York City, 182 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. ROBERT MAIN, Commission Mercliant, Agent for the Sale of Brick by the CarKO, No. 626 West Thirtieth Street.— That particular branch of mercantile industry designated under the head of commission merchants has long been an impor- tant business in this city, and a powerful auxiliary in expanding and building up the general interests of the community. As agent for the sale of brick by the cargo, Mr, Robert Main, of No. 636 West Thirtieth Street, is well and favorably known in this community, and has been established in the business here since 1881. He has large and influential connections with brick manufacturers in differ- ent parts of the country, and is prepared to supply the trade with the best bricks in the market at short notice in' quantities to suit, and at prices which are safe from successful competition. His facilities in this regard serve to place him beyond the requirements of any praise which these pages can bestow, and entitle him to the esteem and confidence of the trade everywhere. His success in supplying an extensive demand in this city is the best test of his ability to conduct all transactions under the most favorable auspices, and to guarantee perfect satisfaction in all cases. He attends per- sonally to all the details of the business, and his experience and knowledge of the trade give him many advantages which he promptly shares with his patrons. Mr. :\lain is a native of Kingston. N. Y., a member of the Building Material Exchange, and a young man of marked ability and high social and business standing in the community. LAWRENCE C.VRROLL. ArtisI and Photographer, No. 101 West Twenty-first Street.— The poimlai- and well-patronized photo- graphic studio of Mr. Lawrence Carroll was established by him a little upwards of five years ago. In that comparatively short period he has developed a lai -^'e and steadily growing patron- age, the n'sult of the high charaeter of his workmanship, the artistic merit of his productions, his moderate charges, and the promptness in which he executes all orders. His gallery is located on the third floor, and is handsomely furnished and provided with every con- venience. The operating and finishing rooms, on an upper floor, are thoroughly equipped with scenic effects and all the latest im- proved appliances for the execution of fine photography. Two ex- perienced assistants are employed, and any style of photographic work is produced, from the simple carte t" the elegant life-sized pic- ture. Particular attention is ;;iven to ynun;,' children and babies, and the instantaneous process is used with great success. Land- scape and other outside work is done to order at short notice and on moderate terms. Copying and enlarging in craj'on, oil, India ink, pastel, water-colors, etc., are specialties of the house. His prices are very low, and especially advantageous rates are offered to clubs of ten or more. Mr. Carroll is a native of Ireland, whence be was brought to Massachusetts at a very tender age. Seven years since he removed to this city and founded his business. He has had eight years' practical experience in his art. LOVERING'S New York Book Exchange, No. 78' Broadway.— Lovering's New York Book Exchange is one among the most popular estabUshments on Broadway. In dimensions the premises are 20x80 feet, and as regards appointments they are complete and perfect for business operations and well stocked with a general Ime of all kinds of books, new and old, in vari- ous bindings, upon all subjects, including science, mechanics, travel, medicine, poetry, history., etc., and also all the standard novels by popular authors, all the different school and college text-books, juvenile books. Bibles, prayer-books, etc., and steel engravings, etchings, and pictures. At the Book Exchange rare bargains can always be had in new and in rare old publications, engravings, etc. Thousands of books are displayed upon the counters and shelves, I I andnew and old books are bought and exchanged. Mr. Lovering, the proprietor, is one of the best bibliographers in the city; he is an authority upon rare editions and old works, and makes a special business of filling orders and also importing books to order. A native of New Hampshire. Mr. Lovering established business in Bos- ton as a bibliopole away back in the beginning of the '40's where he remained until 1879, when he located in this city.- WM. H. DALLY. Painting and Paper-hanging, No. 454 Fourth Avenue.— The house of Mr. Wm. H. Dally is one of the leading representatives of the painting industry of New York and has been prominently identified with the prog- ress of that important interest for more than a quarter of a cen- tury, having been founded in 1861. Mr. Dally is a native of New York, born in 1837, and has been engaged in his present vocation since his fifteenth year, and he combines long and ripe experience with studious and intelligent apphcation. The spacious store occu- pied by him is tastefully and conveniently fitted up, and contains a superior, carefully selected stock of dry and mixed paints, oils, colors, varnishes, and brushes, and paper-hangings in all the newest designs and most popular shades. Employing a corps of skilled workmen, Mr. Dally is prepared to enter into contract^ for plain and decorative painting of all kinds, also paper-hanging, graining, kalsomining, etc., his charges always being moderate, and the work done in exact accordance with the terms of agreement. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 183 SEBASTIAN DUNCAN, Jr., & CO., Manufacturers ami Packers of Pickles. Olives. Capers, etc.. No. 119 Warren Street.— New York is to be congratulated upon the possession, in llie house of Jlessrs. Sebastian Duncan, .Jr., & ('■!,, i>iir "I' iIh^ hirgest and most efficient concerns devoted to iln^ in.ninl.h Mn .- in.l packing of high-class pickles, olives, capers, saut-r-, . ai . tc-. The bu.siness was founded in 1874 by Messrs. Chace .V InnM aii, to whom succeeded Mr. Sebastian Duncan, Jr., as proprietor in 1884. A native of New Jersey, Mr. Dimcan has for the last a.'j years been actively identified with tlie cninini'icial and financial interests of the metrop- olis. Ill l^s,-,. Ml- K, \V. Havrnport was ailiiiidi d int. ic. >p,ui ni-rsliip nn.i.T 111.' .■x-iMin- nam., aii.l style. 11.' is a naliv....r Massa.'li i is..| ts, very wi.lrly aii.l tavoraljly kn.nvn to the wli.ilfsaU- jewelry Ira.leot New York and Hoston for his energy and euterpri.se. They occupy extensive premises, four stories and basement, a5xl00 feet, and have a large force of hands busily engaged. A specialty is made of pickles jnit up in the most approved manner for the trade, the list incluiling ciicuinliers, cauliflowers, onions, chow chow, mixed pickles, etc. Purity and high quality characterize all their products. Their brand of olives and capers are admittedly the most popular on the market, while their delicious and appetizing sauces, and tomato and walinit catsup, etc., are recognizedly superior to all others. The firm has developed a trade of great magnitude, and one that includes leading jobbers, wholesale and retail grocers, and delicatessen men all through the United States. KEYSER & CO., Druggists and Chemists, No. 1218 Broadway, corner of Thirtieth Street (under Wallack's Theatre).— This house was opened in 1876 under the firm style of Himt & Dunlap, who, in 1883, were succeeded by Messrs. Lawrence & Co. The latter, in 1887, disposed of the enterprise to Mr. L. Keyser, who has since conducted it under the style of Keyser & Co. Mr. Keyser is a practical druggist of thirty years' experience, and for half of that period he has been in business in this city. He was born in Pennsylvania, and is a member of the New York College of Phar- macy. His store is 25x7.5 feet in dimensions, finely fitted up with elegant show-cases, a handsome soda-water fountain, and attractive appointments throughout. From its origin the store has been the centre of a large and influential trade in pure drugs, standard family medicines, fancy toilet articles, soda and mineral waters, cologne, and fancy goods of various kinds. Special attention is given to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions, and as this miportant branch of the trade is under the most competent supervision, the most alis.ilutf acc-m-acy and satisfaction are assured. In May, 1S87, Mr. Kfvs.'r. .il-.. purchased the popular drug-store on the corner of Sixth .Vvenu.- and Twenty-sixth Street, under the Racquet Club Buildinu;. This store is ■J0x70 feet in dimensions, very finely fitted up, and fully stocked with pure drugs, chemicals, proprietary medicines, and all varied articles usually found in a flrst-class drug-house. The prescription department occupies a prominent position in this es- tabhshment, and accuracy is assured. From eight to ten clerks are employed in both stores. VEHSLAGE BROS , Dealers and Shippers of Coal, also the best Virginia Pine Woo.l. etc., Nos, 00-7.5 Ninth Avenue.— A lead- ing and ri'liable hoiis,- in this tra.If in the great city of New York, .l.'aliiigiii r..al aii.i w.io.I, is that of Messrs. Vehslage Bro-;. This l.iisiiirss was esialilisli.-.l sfv.'ial years ago by Jlohlman & \ flisla J-.-. \vli..i condiiotcil it till 1-^71, wlit-n the present firm suc- cee.L .l t.i 111,, nianagenierit. The in.li\i,lual members of the co- partnership arc- Jlessrs. John H. and J. Henry Vehslage, both of whom have had great experience, and possess a intimate knowlege of the coal trade. The yard is spacious and convenient, having a frontage of 108 feet by a depth of 175 feet, and covers six city lots. It has a capacity of 3500 tons of coal. Messrs. Vehslage Bros, deal largely in Schuylkill, red and white ash coal, and the best Virginia pine wood, oak and hickory, by the cord or load, also in boxes, btmdles, etc. Orders by mail or telegraph receive ininie.liati' att.Mi- tion, and dealers an.l iii i nulactiircrs can be promptly sni.plied with any quantity of coal from a boat-load to any smaller lot. at the lowest market rates. Ample shedding is provided for the storage of coal, which is always of the best quality, and is likewise thoroughly cleaned and free from slate. The business is both wholesale and retail, and requires the services of twenty workmen and five carts. Messrs. J. H. and J. Henry Vehslage are both natives of New York. Mr, J. H. Vehslage has been twenty years a member of the Third Cavalry, N. G. S. N. Y., and was commissioned under ^iovemors Seymour and Fenton. Mr. J. Henry Vehslage is a member of the First Battery, N. G. S. N. Y. SPEAR & CO.. Manufacturers of Spear's Derby Bandages, No. 38 Park Place.— Among the numerous and varied industrial establishments in the metropolis, that of Messrs. Spear & Co., of No. 38 Park Place, manufacturers of horse-bandages, is entitled to special recognition in this historic review of New York's leading manufacturing and commercial enterprises. This energetic and succe.ssful house was founded in 18H4 by Mr. Homer B. Spear, who in boyhood Uved at Brooklyn, N. Y., and afterward at Jersey City, N. J., where he now resides. The firm of Spear & Co. was formed in 1880, Mr. Wm. H. Holland entering as a partner of the new firm. Mr. Holland is a native of Boston, Mass. They are a live, wide-awake concern, and they have made a success of their en- terprise. Indeed the steadily increa.sed demand for " Spear's Derby Bandages " evidences that their merits are appreciated by dealers and constmiers. The firm have increased their facilities from time to time, finding it difficult to keep up with the demand for their goods, tmtil now they carry a stock of the full Une and execute orders im- mediately upon their receipt. The firm occupy, at the address indi- cated, one floor as office and salesroom. Their plant is fitted up with all necessary mechanical appliances. Between twenty and thirty hands are employed, and every facility is at hand for satisfac- tory coping with all demands. Spear's Derby Bandages for regular stock are made 4V2 inches wide and 2 to 2}4 yards long, and in dif- ferent colors. Linen bandages are 5 inches wide and 2^, yards long. Other lengths and widths are made up to order. They are put up one set in a box, attractively labelled. The business is entirely wholesale and national in its scope. In business circles the firm have an excellent record for promptitude and fair dealings. ALEX. STEELE, General Engraver, No. 44 West Fourteenth Street.— One of the most successful and best-known en- gravers ,if this city is Mv. Alex. Steele, who is a native of New York, an. 1 has been engaged in his present line for the past twenty-fiv.- years, an. I is an expert in every branch of his voca- tion. He established business in 1809, meeting with deserved suc- cess from the outset, owing to the superior excellence of all his productions. He employs two competent assistants, has a work- shop equipped with the most improved appliances and conven- iences, and is prepared to>xecute engraving of all kinds, making a leading specialty of monograms, inscriptions, crests, coats of arms, and initials on jewelry and silverware; also gold and silver mono- grams for pocket-books, etc. All orders are executed promptly, in the most artistic manner, and at satisfactorily reasonable prices. Mr. Steele is a veteran member of Company G, Sevent}--flrst Regi- ment, N. Y. V. I., in which he entered as a private, and was pro- moted to the post of first sergeant, and takes an active interest in all matters relating to that organization. 184 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. THEO. P. HUFFMAN & CO., Wholesale Dealers and Receivers of Hay, Straw, Flour, Grain, Feed, etc., Nos. 048 and G50 West Thirty-fourth Street, below Eleventh Avenue. — In the hand- ling of grain, hay, straw, flour, feed, etc., a leading concern Is that of Messrs. Theo. P. Huffman & Co., who began business in a small way in 1B83. The co-partners in the enterprise are Messrs. Theo. P. Huffman and George H. Lounsbery. Both these gentlemen are natives of New Jersey, and are thoroughly prqp tical men in their line of business. They have recently taken possession of a new three- stoiy building they have erected for the purposes of their business, at Nos. 648 and 650 West Thirty-fourth Street, below Eleventh Avenue, between N. Y. C. & H. Riv. R. R. and N. Y., West Shore & Buffalo R. R. depots. These premises are equipped with all the latest improved appliances for tlie handling of stock and the prompt fulfilment of orders. Here consipimeiits of hay, straw, flour, gi-ain and feed of all kind'; are received for sale on commission, and the distributing trade of the house being an extensive m .- i- iii in the United States ill 1 his line. Aproininent lliat of Mr. William B. (i stivet. who has been ■ 1 -^ih . anil has built up a rMriiiliiiK to all parts of n. i-al iransacli..ri-^ as an I- a ira.iiii- spr.-ialty of WILLIAM U. KOK, Inip.-il and 60 West Tuei.ly li utmost import aiici- in metropolis is that li.M ductions, and as the priiu ipal i><. New York occupies the coiiiinaiidiii house engaged in this bniia li i>l cni Rue. of Nos. 64 and (it; WV.sl, Th, engaged in business as an irnpoii large and intluenlial liadr. liis ..pi- the United Slatr^. Mi , Km,- rai i u- importer and niaimlaci inn s' am n the importation ol I'ai-li^li \\o(.li,'ii^. II.- r.pi isiaiis iIh- 1.. Mowing famous London hoiis. s : \ h .ss, . l)ra,\ al ( o , line u . ..il Im^ : K'ni-lit & Fetch, flannels. r..l.,.s, .ia.-k.-is. 1 II |{iickin;;ham & C ilk manufactni-i'i's, se al i !;n Its. ,-lr.; .Vlhli'i soii, .Viiilia^oii .V .VildiT- son, manuf.ictiii-.Ts i.f India i-iiliiicr ami wal lapii ml -ai-ninii s : Kir- miu ct Si. lis, lail..i-s' li-inniiiii-s anil ivii. .liens iniiil.ir\ .ai.il naval buttons aihl aciMiilr.' iils; .-11111 oilii-i-s. wliosi- pn.ilneiions art- noted tin . -ir^lioiil 111.- \\-..rl.| .Ml- K-.f n-i-.-n.-s Ins snpplips in large qualities ilin-.-l ri..iii dies.- Iii.nses, aii.l liis \va i-.-roonis contain at ail times an .•\l.-nsiv.- ,iss. .it m.-nt o! ev.-i-\ linn- 11. -vv oi- .lesirable in the lines nieiii i. .iieil, .\l 1 ..niei s are tilleil upon the most aih antageous terms, ^Ir H...-, « 1„> is a native ol' Kngland, lias n-sided i.i the Unite. 1 .Slal.'s siii.-i' IstK. an.l lijis been connected with his present line of bnsiness since his ai rival, and the success he has acliieved is but tlie merited result of his well-applied ability. TERRELL & VRt^OM, (Successors to Isaac H. TerreU), Doors, Sashes, Blinds, Jlouldin;;s, .Sk-yli^jhts, Builders" Hardware, Mechanics' Tools and I-'actory .Siipi)lies, No, 308 Eighth Avenue, between Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Streets.— Th.- eiit.-i prising hou.se of Messrs. TerreU & Vroom, is enjoying a reimtati.in anil a trade that form the best possible illustration of what ent.'i-in ise, pusri. and well-directed energy can do in placing a bi.sin.'-s h. .lis.- up m a solid and lastin. , foimdation. The business was fouii.l. .1 l.\ Mr. Isaac R. Terrell who in ISM began the manu- facture of 1I....1-S. sashi-s, blinds, moiddings. skylights, etc. In 1881 he aililed to liis ..ther commodities hardware, mechanics' tools, etc., and in l.sst l iirini'd a partner.ship with Mr. Henry S. Vroom, who had been enu'aL;ed in tlii-hardware lousiness for the past twenty-five years, since wlii -li lime the style of the house has been TerreU & Vroom. Mr. Ten 1-11 is a native of New .lersey, and Mr. Vroom was born in New York City The firm have a factory at No. 359 West Twenty seventh Street, and this is fitted up with all necessary mechanical appliances, operated by staam-power. for the economical manufacture of doors, sashes, blind.s, window and door frames, ete. In this work from twelve to twenty hands are employed. The store, located at No. 8U8 Eighth Avenue, has an area of x!.")xt(K1 feet, also rear of No. 37.1, 2.5x60 feet, and is tilled with an e.\-tensive and diversified stock, embracing sashes, blinds an.l nioiil. lings, a full line of doors and general hardware, shelf go...N. .-aiiin.-t haidw.in-. cariiimters' and mechanics' tools, table ami poi-k.-f .-utl.'r\-. ami f.u-t.try supplies of every description. The firm has a lar;;c city trade, and in mercantile circles they rank first-class. WH. QUINN & CO.. Manufacturers' Asreuts, No. 99 Cham- bers Street. —Mr. W. H. Quinn. the active manager of , the house of W. H. Quinn & Co., has had long and • valuable experience in business life, a portion of the time as (ravi-lliui; representative for tli l.-l.i-ale.I P.-erless Wringer Co., of I'im-iiiuaii, his native eiiy. II.- |..i;m.I.-iI hi-; i siablishment in New Yoi-k ill issii, ami has oe.-npi.-il liis |ii-.-^.-iii .|iiarl.-i-s for the past four years. H.- is ilir.-ct re| .r.-s.-htat i v.- . .1 ih.- followiu,g celebrated mamif:ieliir.-rs an-l (h.-ir pn.iliu-ts as naiii.-.l; Buffalo Hammer Co. hammers, liatrh.-is. jiii-ks, sl.'d-,'i-s: li.iroii l-"ile Works, files, rasps; Eromwel! lii-ush ami Wire (loods Co.. lly-traps. dish-covers, corn-pop- pers; White Mountain Freezer Co.. ice-cream freezi rs; Woodrough & McParlln, saws of all kinds: A. M Bristol, bot-,\ir reu'ist.-i-s and ventUators; P. Wilson, Sons & Co., chains, hames ami saddk-ry hard- ware; Terry Manufacturing Co., barn-do.ir h.-m-.-rs; H. Chapin's Sons, boxwood and ivory rules; J. Toler. S.ms .v 1 . furniture cast- ers; T. M. Tucker, Knox fluting-machines; I. F. l-"oree. axe, pick, and hammer handles; Ph(»nix Bit-brace Co., braces of all kinds. These goods are noted as being the finest of the kind made for the purposes to which they are adapted. 5Ir. Quinn 's spacious ofiBce and ware- room is filled with a complete sample stock of the articles bandied by him, and the exceptionally fine facilities he possesses for the pro- curement of supplies enable him to fill aU orders promptly and on the most favorable terms. His trade extends to aU parts of the United States, and also to Australia and South America. AL. BOGART, Electrician, No. 23 Union Square. -Electricity is no new thing to the gentleman who is tlie subject of the ^ present sketch. As a business he followed it when the re- sults to be obtained were not as profitable as they are now. Mr. Bogart became identified as an expert electrician in the metrop- olis in the year 1852, since which time he has resided hei-e and built up a most valuable connection and patronage. He is the patentee and manufacturer of a number of improved electric gas lighting apparatus, electric call-bells, annunciators, burglar alarms, ,-tc.. a number of his improvements in these specialties meetniL- ^■■ iili ^-reat success wherever introduced. Mr. Bogart also kc-jis ..n han.l and offers for sale at the lowest market rates every van.-ly ..t eh-cln- cians' supplies. Mr. Bogart is also prepared to execute, no matter how difficult and intricate, all kinds of electric work. As one of the oldest practical electricians in the city of New York, we ask for Mr. Bogart the special consideration of our readers. He is a native of this city, and the tested excellence of his work is the best com- mendation of it which we can give. We refer our readers to the Bartholdi Hotel: the U. S. Senate Chamber, D. C. ; Senate Chaml)er, Albany, N. Y.; Madison Square Theatre, N. Y. city; Standard Thea- tre, N. Y. city; Wallack's Theatre, N. Y. city: Union Square Thea- tre, N. Y. city, and all others where gas jets are electrically lighted. Parties wanting the services of a really first-class electrician, who will execute his contracts thoroughly, and give his patrons honest and substantial work, cannot do better than call upon Mr. A. L. Bogart. He is a careful and trustworthy man, whose woi'd in every instance can be absolutely depended upon, and is well worthy of the public patronage. J P. BENJAMIN, Boot and Shoe Uppers, No. 75 Murray Street.— In the manuf.-icture of boot and shoe uppers, the business is ^ well represented by Mr. J. P. Benjamin, who has been identilieil with it for a period of more than thirty-seven years. Hecommeneeil o]iei ations on liisjown account in 1871, and afterwards associated with him his son. but during the past two years he has contiiiu.-.l til.- business alone. From seven to ten practical workmen are einployeil. an.l (-..ininodious iireruises having an area of 'SiKSO feet are occiii)ied at No. 7."i Murray Street. Everj' facility and con- venience is provided, and only the very best class of goods is turned out, embracing every kind and style of the finest quality of boot and shoe tippers, which meet with a ready sale, and are always in demand. Mr. Benjamin has also in connection a custom business, which is steadily increasing, and forms one of the special features of his business. Sir. Benjamin, who is from the State of Massachusetts, came to New Y'ork in ISM. and in his special line of production has becoine widely known and is highly esteemed by all with whom he has business relations. 186 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. ELY'S CREAM BALM, No. 235 Greenwich Street.— The success- ful remedy for nasal catarrh must be non-irritating, easy of application, and one that will, by its own action, reach aU the remote sores and ulcerated surfaces. The history of the efforts to treat catarrh during the past few years demonstrates that only one remedy has met these conditions, and that is Ely's Cream Balm. This safe and pleasant remedy has mastered catarrh as noth- ing else has ever done, and both physicians and patients freely con- cede this fact. The more distressing symptoms quickly yield to it, Catarrh HAY-FEVER and a multitude of persons who have for years borne all the worry and pain that catarrh can inflict, testify to radical and permanent cures wrought by it. Ely's Cream Bahn is perfectly soothing, ex- cites no dread, dissolves the hardened accumulations, lessens the extreme sensibility of the nerve ceutres to cold and all external irri- tants, and is followed by no reaction whatever. Liquids, Sntifps and Cauterizing Powders.— These articles always produce additional irritation in the already diseased and sen.sitive mucous membrane. The powerful and pungent snuffs and cauteriz- ing powders rashly and ignorantly used for catarrh have the effect of temporarily drying up the poisonous secretions, leaving a mass of unwholesome accumulations, which still more tightly close the air passages. The same is true of all smokes and so-caUed medicated in- halations. Forcing liquids in the head, through the nose, is necessa- rily a disagreeable operation, and almost invariably causes roaring in the ears and impairs the hearing. TESTIMONIALS. I had catarrh for eight years. With great reluctance I began using Ely's Cream Balm, and after six months' use I believe myself cured. It is an invaluable Balm.— Joseph Stuart, No. 624 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn. For fifteen years I was annoyed with catarrh, discharges into my throat, unpleasant breath, and severe pain in my head. My sense of smell was much impaired. I have overcome these troubles with Ely's Cream Balm.— J. B. Case, St. Denis Hotel. N. Y. I was surprised after using Ely's Cream Balm two months to find the right nostril, which was closed for twenty years, was open and free as the other. I feel very thankful.— R. H. Cressengham, No. 275 Eighteenth Street, Brooklyn. I had catarrh so bad there were great sores in my nose; one place was eaten through. Two bottles of Ely's Cream Balm did the work. My voice and head are well — C. S. McMillen, Sibley. Mo. For three weeks I was suffering from a severe cold in head and pain in temples. After only six applications of Ely's Cream Balm 1 was relieved. Every trace of my cold was removed.— Henry C. Clark, Jst Division N. Y. Appraiser's Office. For months I suffered from a very severe cold in head. Ely's Cream Balm has worked like magic in its cure after one week's use. I feel grateful for what it has done for me.— Samuel J. Harris (Wholesale Grocer), No. 119 Front Street. Ely's Cream Balm is not a liquid, snuff, or powder. AppUed into the nostrils is quickly absorbed. It cleanses the head. Allays inflam- mation. Heals the sores. Restores the senses of taste and smell. Fifty cents at druggists: by mail, registered, 60 cents. Ely Brothers, No. 235 Greenwich Street, N. Y. LEWIS LEINING, Cabinet-maker and Interior Decorator, No. 209 East Nineteenth Street.— Established in 1882 by the present proprietor, Mr. Lewis Leining, this house has been vigorously and successfully conducted, and is to-day one of the most popular and best patronized in its line in this section of the city Mr. Leining brought to bear upon his enterprise an experience of a practical character extending over a period of twenty-eight years, and as he soon made apparent the fact that he was an expert at his trade, so soon did he win patronage and encouragement. The house has had a prosperous career thus far, and the prospects are those of a continuing increased trade. The premises in which the business is carried on comprise two floors, each 25x80 feet in dimensions. They are intelligently and systematically arranged throughout for the accommodation of the manufacturing operations, no facilities or conveniences obtainable being omitted. Mr. Leining manufactures to order the finest class of cabinet work and interior decorations, and in his enterprise affords employment to about twenty hands. A very large and complete stock is carried, embracing furniture, interior finish, etc., of every description, office fixtures, interior decora- tions, fine parlor and bedroom furniture; also repairing of all classes of antique and modern furniture. The best of materials are used, and the most expert workmen are employed. Promptitude, first- class work, and reasonable charges are the rules governing the transactions of this house, and a large trade is done throughout the city and vicinity. Mr. Leining was born in Germany, but for thirty years past has resided in New York. Responsible and honorable in every way, he is respected everywhere. HE. DREW & CO., Real Estate, No. 1 West Twenty-seventh Street.— A recognized authority on all questions pertaining , to real estate is Mr. H. R. Drew, sole proprietor of the house of H. R. Drew & Co. Mr. Drew, though a native of Canada, has resided in New York for the past thirty years, and is widely known throughout the commimity as a most worthy and estunable citizen. He established his business in 1868, and has devel- oped a prosperous hne of custom, numbering among his clients many heavy property-owners, whose luUest confidence he enjoys. He transacts every branch of the real-estate business, buying, sell- ing, renting, and exchanging property, loaning money on bond and mortgages, while he makes a leading specialty of taking entire charge of estates, maintaining them in the most efficient condition. He is a sound judge of present and prospective values, and has given advice leading to the most remunerative results. He has upon his book descriptions of eligible properties for sale in various sections of the city, all offering an excellent field for investment. Mr. Drew is honorable and straightforward in all his transaction^ith patrons. DIAMOND SPRING BED CO.. Manufacturers of Bedding of every Description, etc , etc.. No. 384 Hudson Street.— One among the oldest business houses m the city is that now car- ried on by the Diamond Spring Bed Co. It has been used as a bed and bedding establishment for more than forty years, and came imder the control of the present company about 1882. The premises have an area of 25x100 feet, and are equipped with all the necessary oppUances for manufacturing of bedding of every description, and also woven wire and metallic spring mattresses, etc. A heavy stock of goods is always carried on sale, together with hair, moss, and feathers, and pillows, bolsters, sheets, and beds and bedding of every descrip- tion. Mr. George H. Allison, the proprietor, who is a practical man of many years' experience in this line of trade, is a New Yorker by birth. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 187 CARTIER S nANTING ACADEMY, No. 80 Fifth Avenue. Prof. L. K. Dal e's Klefjant Parlors.— The art of dauciiig is very read- ily acl'i >> r Cai ti. r, who for twenty-three years has been teacliiiig tlie a( fiini|)li-.liMiiMit in the city, and has received the cordial endni-si nu iit iil ilie heads of many of "the representative families. Priiiesscir ('ai iier and Mrs. Cartier in the instruction of classes malie ilieii- academy what it should be, in connection willi mental and |ili> sical improvement, a place of innocent recreation, especially in the ai 1 \ aiicement of the young whose tastes and habits are now being formed, that they may readily acquire a graceful and styli.sh demeanor. All the fashion- able dances now in vogue are taught in rapid succession. The most particular attention, however, will be devoted to teaching all the latest waltzes, enilnacim.' the (Mi.].-, Uedowa, Glissade, the New Waltz, and the New I'olka 'I'ln- .-oiirse of instruction for ladies and gentleman will aim at the rapid acquirement of all the fashionable dances. As ladies and gentlemen are anxious to accomplish them- the Professor and Jlrs. Cartier, and their accomplished lady and gentlemen assistants, and pupils either in the classes or receiving private instruction are given that care and attention essential to success. Connected with the academy is a department for stage dancing, which is under the immediate management of Prof. L. E. Dare, who is associate* witSi Prof. Cartier. In this departmental! branches of stage dancing are taufjht, including ballet, posing, group- ing, marches, jigs, and all Irish movements, songs and dances and hornpipes. Highland Hings, tambourine dances, fairy dances, etc. Pupils receive a thorough schooling in the art, few if any failing to become proficient under the careful tuition of Prof. Dare, who, it should be stated, instructed many of the popular dancers now before the public, who hold high positions in theatrical professional circles. Lessons are given in private, and in classes by Prof. Dare on reason- able terms. Both Professors Cartier and Dare sustain high reputa- tion in social circles and are very popular in the community. Prof. Cartier, who is a native of Canada, of French extraction, possessing the vivacity, courtesy, and courtly grace of the Parisian, is a thor- ough master of the art of dancing and calisthenics, and is always the first to introduce the new dances and the French novelties, and Bridge H. R. R. R. selves in the shortest possible time, all preliminary exercises which are so necessary for the ph}"sical development of children art aban- doned, and only such introduced as will enaljle a novice to enter at once into the fashionable dances of the day. Pupils receive in(Uvid- ual practice at each lesson, which together with Prof. Cartier's original sysiein of teaching enables them to acquire a proficiency in dancing in the course of one term; and he makes a specialty of properlj- instruct in- pupils in the art, who have attempted and failed at other estalilishnients. The classes are held Jlonday, Thur.s- day and Saturdaj- evenings, and Thursday and Saturday afternoons: Ladies and children's class, from 3.30 to 5 p. m.; ladies' class, from 7 to 8 p. M.; gentlemen's cla.ss, from 8 to 9 p. m. Extra classes will be formed as the occasion may require. Those desirous of rapid advancement can receive private [lessons at any hour of the day or evening. Family receptions are held every Slonday and Saturday evenings, and private receptions monthly. Terms, payable in ad- vance: ladies, misses and masters" (per quarter of twelve weeks), $8; gentlemen, $10: twenty class tickets (used at the convenience of pupilsl, $10. A special class will convene every Saturday afternoon, from 2 p. M. to 3.30 p. M.. for instruction in fancy stage dancing. Terms, 10 lessons, $5. Private lessons are given any day or hour by a corresponding member of the Society of Dancing- an.I in issii « as elected President of the Society of ot tlie United States and Canada Prof. Cartier has Yo! amiable. isll, ;sl;ill M: re very i.opul.-ir in lliel.esl soei. tv cireles of the • has estat.lislie.l l.raneli.-, \., |:> Belmont and in Music Hall. Short IlilN. N. Y.. and at the St it lite in that village. Prof. Dare is a Pennsyl- vanian by birth, ,iii.l i. one of the most successful instructors in the art of fancy ami stajje dancing in the country. His method of im- parting knowledge to his pupils is easy and readily acquired, and under his careful tuition they soon become thorough adepts in the art. The academy, which consists of two floors, each having an area of .30x103 feet, can be engaged for lirst-class entertainments, b.alls, sociables, lectures, musicales, etc. .on the most reasonable terms on application to Prof. Cartier. The hall is one of the finest in the city. The '• Art of Dancing," by Prof. Cartier, is one of the best books on dancing ever published, and contains many valuable hints upon etiquette, and all the rules and figures for round and square dancing. It is for sale by booksellers and at the academy, and will be sent to any address upon the receipt of price. .W cents. 188 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. JOHN FRIEDRICH & BRO., Manufacturers of Violins, CeUos. and Bows, No. 1.5 Cooper Institute.— Although only started in business in 1884, the firm of John Friedrich & Bro. has already gained a commanding reputation among leading musi- cians and amateurs in this city as manufacturers of violins and violoncellos. For their violins the firm has adopted the models of the best oriKiuals in existence, such as tlie violins made by Antonius Stradivarius. Jo.seph Guarnerius, Paola Maggini, and Nicolas Amati. The Friedrich violins are made of very old wood of a .specially selected quality, and are richly varnished. Their tone is both powerful ami mellow. At least one dozen of these vioUns are now used in the leading orchestras of this city. It is the miisiriaiis who are. after all. the great tests as to the value of such mu-ieal instruments, and the fact that such leading solo- ists and le:inlar, and to his cheerful man- ners lie can ullribute his succcs.s as umch as to his honorable busi- ness methods. GANTKRIK PARISIKXXK. IVrfect fitting Gloves, comer Filth .\voiiuo. ami WosI I'onri.Tiith Street.— New York has several cshiDlishiii.iiis cniirolN .iovoted to the glove business, the lead- im; and most widely laiown one being that of Messrs. J M. Chanut & Co. This is a branch house of this well-known Parisian firm, whose headquarters at Paris are No. 107 Avenue d'Orleans, and whose other branch establishments in America are at No. -3 Tem- ple Place, Boston, and No. 102 North Charles Street. Baltimore, near Fayette Street. The Parisian house was founded in 1S77. that at Bos- ton in 187.5, that at Baltimore in 1880. and that at New York in ISS.'i. The New York branch is situated in the very heart of the business Leake and Watts Orphan Asylum. Dr. Arnold has a very extensive and flourishing city and suburban patronage, the names of many of the most eminent metropolitan physicians and surgeons ajjpearing on his list of references. JAMES H. HAMILTON, Painters' Supplies, Wall-papers, Var- nishes, Oils, etc., No. 465 Third Ave — One among the most active of the enterprising young business men uptown on Third Avenue is Mr. James H. Hamilton, of No. 465 Third Avenue, who had quite an extended experience as a painter, decora- tor, paper-hanger, and dealer in all supplies pertaining to those trades. He was taught the business under the able tuition of his father, who has a wide reputation for his skill in and knowledge of the various branches of the above lines of trade. The premises at present occupied by James H. Hamilton are commodious and well filled with every article which the demands of the i)ublic call for. His stock embraces all the various kinds of dry and ready-mixed paints, paints in oil, varnish, etc., while his line of wall-papers con- tains the latest, newest, and most popular designs and styles in the market. As a painter and decorator, Mr. Hamilton has gained a section of the city, and is managed by Mr. J. M. Chanut, who is a native of Paris, and has been a resident in the United States for the past fifteen years. The store is very tastefidly decorated, and here, if anywhere, the latest styles of gloves in Paris are to be had. Con- nected with this popular store is a factory at No. 47 Perry Street where some fifty hands are employed. Here rough skins are dyed and manufactured into gloves, and a large business is done in skins. The firm, in the manufacture of gloves, pay strict attention to the physiological structure of the hand, and each glove is formed on scientific principles. To these facts are due the superiority of the gloves bearing the trade-mark of J M. Chanut & Co., over all others in shape and quaUty, as especially on small hands they preserve their shape much longer than those made from skins of inferior qual- ity. The gloves forwarded from the Parisian house are made of real kid, while those coming from other countries and usually foimd in dry goods stores are made from sheepskins, and are often baggj' and ill-shaped on the hands after being worn a few times. Gloves are made to order when desired, and the trade of the concern reaches to all parts of the country. 190 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. GEO. HAYES & SON, Manufacturers of The Hayes Metallic Sky- lights, Blinds, etc., No. 71 Eighth Avenue.— The representa- tive and most successful house in the United States engaged in the manufacture of metallic skylights, blinds, etc., is that of Messrs. Geo. Hayes & Son, vi'hose office and factory in New York are centrally located at No. 71 Eighth Avenue. This business was established in 1868 by Mr. Geo. Hayes, who conducted it till 1887, when he admitted his son Mr. Geo. A. Hayes into partnership. The firm have branches in Chicago, St. Louis, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, San Francisco, Pittsburg, and St. Paul. Mr. Geo. Hayes is an able civil and mechanical engineer, and a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, also of the American Institute of Engineers. He is the inventor and pat- entee of the famous Hayes skylights and other metallic glazed struc- tures, also of blinds, and other architectural, hygienic, and mechan- ical appliances, including machinery for corrugating, forming, shear- ing, punching, and clamping metals. Already 59 prize medals have been awarded to Geo. Hayes & Son, for the superiority of their sky- lights, perforated, metallic, insect and storm proof blinds, etc. To enumerate the vast number of important glazed structures of various kinds that have been erected by Geo. Hayes & Son within the last few years would fill a volume, and would embrace the names of a very large number of the finest and best-known buildings in this country. The firm, however, refer to the following: Capitol, Albany, N. Y.; Philadelphia Buildings, Capitol, Springfield, 111.; Capitol, Columbus, Ohio; Capitol, Washington, DC; New York Post Office, Philadelphia Post Office, etc. The firm have just fin- ished several very large sustaining skylights (one of which is the longest in the city of New York, on the building of the " College of Physicians and Surgeons, Medical Department of Columbia Col- lege," the building erected under the Vanderbilt endowment. The factory is equipped with the most complete and perfect steam- driven machinery for manipulating sheet-metal, perhaps in the world, the most of which is gotten up specially for the firm's partic- ular use and is the invention of Mr. George Hayes. The model room is a mechanical curiosity shop. The business is conducted with Mr. Hayes at its head as the engineer, who superintends and developes all complicated, extraordinary, or new requirements. The official staff, as well as the foreman and workmen, are the most ef- ficient and skilled that can be obtained ; many of them have worked in the establishments from the beginning, and have all been trained to do their work in the most skilful and workmanlike manner- nothing is skimped, and a botch is not tolerated. In 1869 and '70 Mr. George Hayes invented and patented several devices for glazing without putty or its equivalent. These devices were the most per- fect ever before or since patented or adopted. Their bars partook of none of the very absurd forms now in the market, and which are backed up by pretentious catalogues that deceive the unwary, some of which are certainly curiosities in their way, showing to what ex- tent these curious subterfuges have been resorted to in order to evade that which has proved so eminently successful, and it is still more curious and singular that thej' have received any recognition whatever, or that any person wonld adopt such; the devices cer- tainly display more ingenuity than mechanical skill, practical ex- perience, or utilit}-. As to the value of such devices, or any other, or even their own, without the employment of putty, felt, or the equiv- alent, the firm's practical experience has demonstrated that it is im- possible to successfully dispense with the use of some article of their nature. It has never been accomplished. There is not a struc- ture in the world, large or small, glazed, without some such mater- ial to bed the glass and close the joints, but what is more or less a failure. Messrs. George Hayes & Son likewise make a specialty of metallic sashes for store-fronts, dwelling-houses, and church win- dows, conservatories, bay and oriel windows, tracing and sashes, ceiling lights and other decorative glass-work. The firm employ in their factory and branches 2.50 highly skilled and experienced work- men. Both Messrs. George and George A. Hayes were born in Eng- land, but have resided in the United States .since 1864, and justly merit the signal success achieved by their skill and ability. The telephone call of the house is No. 8.5 Twenty -first Street. GARDINER & ESTES, Manufacturer of Ladies' and Gents' Fin- est Shoes, Ninth Avenue and Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Hudson Streets.— This business was originally established in Philadelphia in 1874 by Mr. Hubert Gardiner. In 1S84 the present copartnership was organized, and the business was removed to its present eligible and extensive premises in New York City. The members of the firm, Messrs. Hubert Gardiner and Chas. A. Estes, have had great experience in the manufacture of ladies' and gents' fine shoes, and are fully conversant with every detail and feature of the business, and the requirements of retailers in all sections of the United States. The factory is a superior five-story and basement build- ing, having frontages of 187 feet on Hudson Street, 187 feet on Ninth Avenue, 80 feet on Thirteenth Street and 10 feet on Fourteenth Street. The workshops are fully equipped with the latest improved machinery and appUances known to the trade. Two hundred experienced opera- tives are employed in the various departments, and the machinery is driven by steam power. The products of the house consist of the finest ladies' and gents' shoes, adapted solely to the wants of a first- class trade, and the large and annually increasing trade of the firm is ample evidence of the appreciation which has been accorded to the merits of the goods produced. In short, the shoes manufactured by Messrs. Gardiner & Estes are made of the very best materials, being absolutely unsm-passed by those of any other first-class house in the trade. All orders are promptly and carefully filled at the lowest possible prices. Mr. Gardiner was born in Ireland, while Mr. Estes is a native of Maine. JHANSCOM & CO.. Bankers and Brokers, No 8 "West Twenty- eighth Street.— There is no more important interest to the J financial and mercantile commimity than that controlled by the several stock exchanges of the country. New York City, with its vast interests in railroads, steamship lines, produce and oil, daily transacts an amount of business without parallel in the interest of any country. The business on these stock exchanges is conducted through members of these exchanges and on commission. Among the prominent bankers and stockbrokers m the city are Messrs. J. Hanscom & Co., of No. 8 West Twenty-eighth Street. This firm originally began business in 1870 in Chicago, and in 1885 founded their New York office as a branch enterprise. The latter office is in charge of Mr. W. E. Hanscom, who is a native of New York and who was raised in this line of business. His father, Mr. J. Hanscom, the founder of the business, and who is a native of Maine, has been a resident of Chicago for thirty years or more. The New York office is 2.5x100 feet in dimensions and is very finely fitted up. In banking and exchange a general business is transacted, local investment securities being made a specialty. The firm are in possession of the best possible faciUties for the purchase and sale of all kinds of rail- road and mining stocks, bonds and investment secm-ities, either for cash or on a margin, on commission. Orders are made at once and transfers executed, together with all busmess of this nature, as readily as could be done in Wall Street. The office is connected with private leased telegraph wires to all principal cities, and from ten to twelve clerks are employed. All business intrusted to the firm is dealt with promptly, and in a manner that sectires the greatest pos- sible advantage to customers, and their office is a favorite resort for investors. HUSTON & CORBITT, Plumbers and Sanitary Engineers, No. 909 Sixth Avenue.— In the mechanical arts there is no branch of more importance than plumbmg and sanitary engineering. Health and happiness depend in a great measm-e on the work, and too much care cannot be exercised in selecting a suitable and intelligent engineer. Among those who stand prominent in this Une of business in New York is the firm of Messrs. Huston & Corbitt, who are located at No. 90!) Sixth Avenue, between Fifty-first and Fifty-second streets. This firm are among the largest contractors in this line of work in the city, and have been established in the business here since 1881. Sanitary plumbing is the specialty of this respon- sible house, and in this important line of engineering the most diffi- cult contracts are entered into, and the complete fitting up of public buildings, business structures and private dwellings is skilfully and satisfactorily performed. Patrons can always implicitly rely on the skill and ability of the proprietors, who personally supervise all work entrusted to their care, and give steady employment to a force of from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five skilled workmen. Those who establish business relations with this house will secure the greatest satisfaction in the thoroughly good manner in which aU work will be accomplished, while the prices which prevail are eminently fair and equitable. The partners, Messrs. A. Huston and James R. Corbitt, are greatly respected by the community for their sound busi- ness principles and sterling worth, and wUI be found reUable and re- sponsible parties with whom to deal. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. I'J] GB. DUPUY, Pianoforte Warerooms, No. hi East Tliirteenth Street.— In the sale of pianos and organs the house of Mr. , (i. B. Dupuy stands amonp: the foremost and oldest in this city. In IS.'jl Mr. Dupuy formed a partnership under the style of Taylor & Dupuy, and for a long period tlie firm devoted their energies to the manufacture of a superior class of pianos. In 1880 the firm dissolved, the manufacturing department was abandoned, and Mr. Dupuy continued the business of buj'inj and .selling of new and second-hand pianos, his transactions in .vhich are of a very ex- tensive character. The premises now occupied, at No. l(i East Tliir- teenth Street, are very commodiniis and attractively fitted up, and they are well stocked at all times with a siik-iuliti line of goods, repre- senting the best makes of pianos in the country Mr. Dupuy handles the instruments of all the leading piauofoi-te manufacturers in the country, and can always display an assortment of these goods adapted to the wants of all. The manner in which he conducts his business is such as to enable those in the most moderate circum- stances to enjoy the advantages of the best musical instruments on a plan which involves some periodical payments. Mr. Dupuy is pre- pared to offer patrons such inducements as are rarely met with in our largest cities. A large and permaueut trade has been established throughout the metropoUs and the surroimding cities, and it is stead- ily increasing. Mr. Dupuy is a native of New York State and a wid2ly-known and very popular business man, who is a thorough master of his trade. Timing and repairing receive particular atten- tion at his hands, and his charges are always fair and equitable JAMES T. WRIGHT, Manufacturer and Dealer in Glassware, Crockery, Plated Ware, etc , No. 2i5 Greenwich Street.— The largest and oldest glassware house on the west side of lower INew York, and one of the most prominent in its line in the United States, is that of Mr. James T. Wright, at No. 225 <^;reenwich Street, near Barclay. Established in 1837 on its present site, the business at once assumed a lead in the trade, which und^r its able and judicious management has placed it in the highest stand- ing in the business world. A complete, large, and heavy stock of glassware, lamps, and lamp fixtures and apphances, chandeliers, crockery and plated ware is carried. Many of the above-mentioned articles are manufactured by the house, which in itself is a guarantee of their quality, etc. Previous to 1857, Mr. Wright was for eight years engaged as salesman and manager of the New York depart- ment of the Jersey City Glass Works, in which position through his business qualifications he won the confidence of the New York druggists to such an extent that they volunteered him their support and patronage. He was the first man in the glassware line to locate his business west of Broadway. A large and commodious four- story and basement brick building, with a frontage of 25 feet by a depth of 100, is required in the conducting of his trade, while a dozen or more assistants are constantly employed, who treat all visitors with respect and courtesy. While the fh-m's trade extends throughout the United States, it is particularly heavy in this city and the Middle States. Sir. Wright was born in New York City, and, Uke the true Gothamite, prefers it to any other. Entei-prise and ability have marked his business career, and it is no more than just to say that a fairer-minded or more even-tempered gentleman is rai-ely met with. His position as a private citizen he has made enviable through his genial natm-e and agreeable man- ners, which characteristics are also essential to a successful business man. LOHMAN & KLEIN, Manufacturers of Ladles and Gents' Fine Collars and Cuffs. Ross Building, Nos. 2, 4, and « Abingdon Square.— An important manufacturing industry and one that is rapidly reaching widespread proportions is that carried on by the firm of Lohman & Klein, successors to Lohman & Kelly, manufacturers of ladies" and gentlemen's fine linen collars and cuffs. The enterprise was conmienced in July la.st by Jlessrs. Lohman & Hogan, who were succeeded by Lohman & Kelly, and they in turn recently by Messrs. Lohman & Klein, both of whom are thorough, practical, substantial business men, who maintain a high reputation in commercial circles. For the pm-pose of the business commodious premises m-e occupied in the R.iss lluilding, Nos. 2, 4, and fi Abingdon Square. In size the apart ineni js :j(Ix1(K) feet, with an " L" 30x.50 feet. In each department every convenieiu e and facility has been provided, and constant employment is given to from 60 to 75 operatives who are well versed in the manufacture of collars and cuffs. The goods are made from the best, carefully selected materials, and the various brands, although not long in the market, have become popular and are meeting with a ready sale; and the goods of the manufacture have become standard on the market. Mr. Lohman, who is a native of the State of New York, and Mr. Klein, who was bom m Germany, are honorable and enterprising business men. HENRY D. PLATE, Importer of Corks and Cork wood, and Manufacturer of Machine-cut Corks, No. 2.'')8 West Thirty- second Street.— A record of uninterrupted prosTierity, ex- tending over a periixl of twenty -seven years, marks the his- tory of the well known and thriving estabUshment of Henry D. Phite, importer of corks and cork-wood, and manufacturer of machine-cut corks This flourishing enterprise was started in 18(i0 by the firm of Plate & Son, the style subsequently changing to Henry I'late & Co., who conducted the business up to 1865, when it passed into the sole control of the present proprietor, who has since continued it alone with unbroken success. The premises occupied as store and shop embrace an entire 20xG0 foot floor, and are completely equipped with the best facilities, devices, and appurtenances, while several expert hands are employed. A heavy and first-class stock is constantly carried on hand, including cork-wood and corks of every size, style, and variety, and the trade of the estabUshment, which is both of a wholesale and retail character, is at once large, prosperous, and per- manent, and extends all over the United States. Mr. Plate, who is a native of Germany, has been a resident of this city many years, and is a practical and expert workman. OTTO BRANDT, Upholsterer, Mattress-maker, and Hard-wood Fiui.sher, No. 16G.3 Broadway.— Among the branches of indus- try that have kept full pace with the general advancement towards perfection of the times is that of upholstery and hard- wood flnishmg. Among the most successful f . llowers of this busi- ness in the city is Mr. Otto Brandt, whose estabUshment is located at No. 1663 Broadway, between Fifty-first and Fifty-second streets. Mr. Brandt, who is a native of this city, estabUshed his enterprise seven years ago at No. 1677 Broadway, and bringing to bear thorough, practical experience, together with the determination to win public favor by deserving it, he met with success from the outset; his pa- tronage grew apace, and in September of the present year he re- moved to his present commodious quarters, which comprise a store and basement, the latter being used as a workshop. The place throughout is equipped in the most approved manner for all the pur- poses of the industry, and every facility is possessed for the execu- tion of satisfactory work. Mr. Brandt employs only skilled assis- tants, and carries on general operation as an upholsterer, mattress maker, and hard-wood finisher, executing every branch of work in this hue, promptly fulfilling all orders, charging the most reasonable prices, and guaranteemg entire satisfaction in all services performed. Mr. Brandt holds, in all his transactions, to principles of commer- cial integrity, and is fully deserving the support and good-will of the public. EB. G.iRDNER, Instantaneous Portraits, No. 200 West Thirty- fourth Street. — There are few establishments in New J York that show more conspicuously the rapid development and improvement made in the art of photography than the gallery of Jlr. E. B. Gardner, at No. 200 West Thirty-fourth Street. This house was opened to the public by the present proprietor in October, 1884, and has become widely popular and liberally patron- ized. The studio is handsomely fitted up for the reception of pa- trons, and the gallery is amply provided with light accessories, and all modern appliances necessary for a first-class establishment of this kind. Photography in all its branches is here executed, and the best and finest class of work is produced. Portraits are taken by the instantaneous process, from the carte de visite to the imperial cabi- net, and all kinds nf (■il, erayon, water-colors, and pastel work is given careful and skilful attention. Pictures are also taken of in- teriors, exteriors, horses and carriages, yachts, etc.. at the shortest notice. While the work is invariably of the highest order of merit, the prices are so reasonable as to satisfy the tastes and means of all parties. Imperials are placed at $5 per dozen, and parties of twelve are taken at $2.25 per dozen, on the best cards, with extra finish. A large corps of skilled assistants is employed, and the wants of the public are ministered to with promptness, ability, and unqualified success. Mr. Gardner is a native of Newburgh. N. Y., a thorough master of his art, a conscientious and painstaking artist, and an en- terprising, progressive exponent of his profession. 192 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. RM. STIVERS, Buil(3er of Carriages and Road-wagons, Nos. 144 to 153 East Thirty -first Street.— In no department of in- j dustrial activity in the United States has such remarkable progress been made as in carriage and wagon building. Compared with the unsightly and cumbrous vehicles of a quarter of a century ago, the light-running and elegant carriages of to-day are marvels of perfection and things of beauty. Among those who at- tained great prominence and merited recognition in the city of New York in this hne of industry sliould be mentioned Mr. R. M. Stivers, builder of carriages and road-wagons of the best quahty, gentlemen's driving traps, etc., whose office, warerooms, and workshops are eli- gibly located at Nos. 144 to ib2 East Thirty-first Street. Tliis business was established iu 1850 by the present proprietor, who has since ob- tained an influential, liberal, and permanent patronage not only in all sections of the United States and Canada, but also in the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America, Europe, India, and Aus- tralia. The premises occupied comprise a spacious four and six story building having a frontage of 125 It et by a depth of 100 feet. The workshops are fully supplied with all the latest improved machinery, tools, and appliances known to the trade. One hundred and fifty skilled workmen are employed, and the carriages ami road-wagons built here have been aw.ardcd medals for their superiority, finish, and excellence at various expositions and competitioTis in all parts of the world. Only the best mati-rials are utilized, carefully .selected and well seasoned, and from tlie commencement of his business Mr. Stivers determined to employ only thoroughly qualified workmen, and the result is that the carriages, road-wagons, di'iving traps, etc , turned out are absolutely imexcelled by those of any other first-class house in the United States or Europe, for durability, beauty, and gene- ral excellence, while the prices quoted are exceedingly moderate. Mr. Stivers is a native of New York, anil is greatly esteemed in mercantile circles for his mechanical ability, enterprise, and integrity. A visit to the warerooms of this responsible house will satisfy purchasers and their friends that the productions of this house are without a rival and .justly merit the commendations bestowed upon them. STANDARD SLATE WORKS, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Slate Mantels, Marble Jlantds. and Wood Mantels; Ware- house, Nos. 513 and 515 Sixth Avenue.— Of the many features of interior decorations introduced within recent years, there are few, if any, that have secured a more enduring hold on popular favor than artistic slate mantels, open fireplaces, and kindred articles of use and ornament. And it may be added, also, that the progress made in the production of these attractive articles has been especially marked of late, as the magnificent slate-work turned out in a leading concern devoted to this interesting branch of indus- trial activity to-day amply attests. In this connection attention is directed to the commodious and well-ordered establishment of the Standard Slate Works, manufacturers of and dealers in slate, mar- ble, and wood mantels, grates, fenders, tiles, etc.; factories and quarries located in Vermont and Pennsylvania, with warehouse at Nos 51.3 and 515 Sixth Avenue, between Thirtieth and Thirty-first streets, this city, and whose products are in wide and growing demand in the trade throughout the entire country as far west as Chicago, owing to the general excellence of the same; the articles leaving this concern being first-class ia every feature— in beauty of design, work- manship, finish, and material. This present company was started in June, 1887, as successors to the Poultney Slate Works, which company had been in the same business for many years, and the unequivocal success that has attended it from the first abundantly attests the char- acter of the goods manufactured, as well as the energy and ability displayed in the management of the business. The prem- ises occupied for business purposes here comprise a spacious and handsomely -ap- pointed salesroom, with capacious ware- house and well-equipped shop in the rear, while upwards of twenty expert hands are employed. A heavy and Al stock of fin- ' ished work is constantly carried on hand to meet the requirements of the extensive and steadily increasing patronage, inelud- mantels of every size, style, and variety, ele- •ood mantels of all kinds, grates, fenders, and unique and artistic designs; platforms, steps. Only the ing beautiful slate gant marble and w open fireplaces in risers, tiles, and superb slate work of every descript finest class of goods is turned out, and the trade of the estab- lishment, which extends all over the city. State, and entire country west to Chicago, is exceedingly large and affords evidence of steady and substantial increase, Mr. I\I. B. Mayhar, who is sole proprietor, is a Vermonter by birth and brought up to the business. He is a man of foresight, push, and enterprise, as well as skill, and is, in fact, largely endowed with the progressive qualities that character- ize the genuine Yankee the world over, in all the walks of life. JOHN dry- men C. BRINCK, Dry-goods, No. 787 Sixth Avenue.— In the -goods trade it is a pleasure and privilege to give special mention to one of the oldest and most reliable houses of the in the city. In 1837 Messrs. Coleman and Brinck estab- lished tlieniselves in the dry-goods trade, and for several years were located on Hudson Street, where the partnership was dissolved; from thence the business removed to Bleecker Street, and in 1849 it was Brinck & Russell, in Canal corner of Mercer Street; after twenty-one years here it removed to Broadway between Eleventh and Twelfth Streets, and after a few years to its present location. Mr. Brinck being sole proprietor since 1877, and by his able management of so extensive a business has built up a large and ever-increasing trade. The store is large, handsome in its furnishings, and admirably arranged for an excellent display of the goods handled, which em- brace all kinds of staple and fancy dry-goods, including dress materials, hosiery, underwear, white goods, laces, embroideries, ribbons, and everything included in the line of notions, fancy goods, and trimmings. Only goods of medium and high grades of quality are dealt in, and the prices asked for the same are the lowest figures consistent with fair dealings. Several courteous and painstaking assistants are emplo}'ed, and all orders are promptly and satisfac- torily executed. Mr. Brinck is a native of Ulster county. New York, from which he removed and settled in this city as long ago as 1833. J. DECOMPS, Mould Maker, No. 210 West Twenty-third Street.— One of the old, well-known popular business men of the city, is Mr. ,1. Decomps, who came to this country from France more than thirty years ago. and for a quarter of a century has given his attention to making plaster moulds of every description. Mr. Decomps in one of the most careful and experienced in the busi- ness in New York, and gives particular attention to post-mortem casts and also plaster statuary for artists and amateurs; he also makes to order plaster casts of hands and feet from nature. For the purpose of the business, commodious premises, consisting of basement 25x40 feet in size, which is used as a workshop, and ware- room, 25x20 feet in area, at No. 210 West Thirty-third Street, are occupied, and several skilled and competent workmen are employed. Mr. Decomps has a wide acquaintance among the medical profession^ sculptors, and artists, and executes work which is sent to all parts of the United States. He has for sale a great variety of mould statuary, etc., of every description. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 103 IREDWELL, SLOTE & CO., Mens' iiiiulr Clothing and Furnishing; Bi-(i;ulway, cor. Clianihcis Sli in and Rendy- ;!. 27r>, and 277 Mrs ago was founilod a house «lli.-li ~. , 1 1 iri rr- llir completely revolutionizi 1 1 ili. \ n i, i jn 1 1 i.l.- m lin.- dolhinj;, :in(l placed it npon a plane ol I lion.u;,!! . n loi;. \\ !■ nlliule to (lie honse of Messrs. Tredwell, .Slole >t t'o , wh(,se nuiiicrise live-sli>ry Krjiiile liuiidinK forms such a prominent arcliitecl ural oi-naini iu, n.ii lluvest corner of Broadway and Clianihers Streel . 'I'hc liusim-ss was estalilislied by Messrs. Tredwell Co in Isr.S, Ihc ]iartiit is mI llic- ori-inal lirm beiuK Mr. Alanson Tndu. ll, ^Ir. Z. Il, .lai njaii, an.l .Mr. Alonzo Slote. Subsequently lAles-.is TivdHc lliV .laniiaii ranaed on the business for some years ; the tirni allerwanls bei-oniinf,' that of Messrs. Tredwell, Jarman & Slote, and thus con tin umg for a lengthy period. The firm name became a household word while its business kept steadilj' expanding witli the best classes of the public for perma- nent patrons. Th. lii iii was originally located at No. lao Fulton Street, and in 1865 greall\ ( iilai 4' d i lie premises, in response to the rapidly augmenting trade, talung in Xos. 118 and 1:^2 PMlton Street. In 1877, the inagnituile ot the concenrs operations necessitated better accom- modation, and to adequately meet it the firm finally removed into their present magnificent building, by far the best and largest ex- ponent of both the custom and tailor-made clothing trade in the city. sands of out-of-town customers, and its name is familiar from Maine to Texas, and from the Lakes to the Gulf. AKT T( )IIjET company, Nos. 4 and (1 West Fourteenth Street. -The old-established Art Toilet Company of New York has been in e.xistenee for the past twenty-seven years, and ever since its inception has enjoyed a large share of public favor, .111.1 iiuiiibers its permanent patrons among the best class of the com- iiiiinity. Mr. R. F. Young is the able manager of the business, and has tilled this position for the past six years in the most creditalile iiiannc r. He occupies a suite of rooms at Nos. 4 and (i West Four- leenlh street, where all conveniences are at hand for the comfort of patrons, and polite assistants give immediate attention to the needs of the public. The stock carried is varied and comprehensive, em- bracmg as it does a full line of toilet preparations for the face, hair, teeth, etc., including the new and popular preparation known as Cupid's Tears, which imitates nature to such perfection as to positively defy detection, and renders the skin semi-transparent, imparting to it a wondrous beauty. Crystal Paste for the teeth and breath, freckle lotions, corn-extractors, and hair-washes of every description are handled in large quantities, and are warranted to be satisfactory and efficient in every instance. These preparations are so widely known and popular, that the permanent trade of the house eJrtends through- Catliolie Protectory, Westchester. The lamented decease of Mr. Jarman occurred in 1884, shortly after which Mr. Alanson Tredwell, jr., was taken into copar tnership under the existing name and style. Their trade has enlarged at an annually increasing ratio, and their vast emporium is the most thoroughly representative of any in the business. The first floor, fronting for three full lots on Broadway with its plate-glass windows, and likewise on Chambers Street, is a standing exhibit of the latest fashions, the finest tailor-made clothing, newest fabrics for custom orders, and highest (]uality of gentlemen's furnishing goods. Piled high on the long nnvs of tables are garments in full lines of sizes, made up in all the correct styles of the season, in every way the highest outcome of the tailor's art, and sold at the most moderate prices. The gents' furnishing department lias ;i fnllci stock than the majority of stores in this trade, and of better ^radcs . 4' uoods, including many exclusive lines. The second floor l orins a railed gallery or .arcade above the store below, giving the hciietil ..f the lolticsl c-ihni: and the best light and ventilation, (in the third ilooi- is iIh- ciistoin tailoring dejiart- raent, in charge of experts. The two n])|ier rtoors are devoted to carrying reserve stock, to the cutting and examining departments, vi-orkrooms, etc. The firm are authorities as regards woollens and suitings, and select the goods for the ready made stock with the same care, taste, and good judgment as for the custom department. They employ hundreds of hands in the work of manufacturing and a large staff of clerks and salesmen in the store. The model clothing house in New York, it is also doing the largest trade. The firm has thou- out the United States and shows a steady increase each succeeding year. Mr. Yoimg is a native of New York, where he has spent the greater part of his life-time. THOMAS OGLE, Veterinary Surgeon, No. 11!) West Forty -sixth Street, between Hn.adway and Eighth Avenue.- Mr. Ogle has perhaps the h. -I : make the well formed man look better, and the ill-shapen to appear well. The.se are qualities not possessed by every exponent of the merchant tailor's art, and con.sequently we find in every community some who, possessing special fitness for their vocation, take the lead. Among such who have by superior work, gootl taste, and ar- tistic style achieved a high position in the trade is the firm of Messrs. Cady & Nelson, whose establishment is located at No. 'iX Fifth Avenue, opposite the Hotel Brunswick. The busmess of this worthy house was inaugurated in January, 1887, by the present copartners, Mr. L. Bertram Cady and Alfred Nelson, and their marked talent and excellent executive business ability has won for them a distinct success and a place as foremost representatives of their vocation. Both gentlemen have had long experience in this line of industry, Mr. Cady having been a member of the famous house of James W. Bell & Son, and Mr. Nelson having been a cutter in the same estab- lishment, and also with Wathew Rock. The premises occui)ied con- sist of a spacious salesroom, elegantly appointed with handsome fittings, and every comfort and convenience is possessed for the reception of customers and the prosecution of trade. The heavy stock of choice imported fabrics constantly carried embraces all the newest designs and most fashionable novelties, all illustrating the taste of the current demand. Employing a force of forty expe- rienced assistants, Messrs. Cady & Nelson have unsiuTjassed facili- ties fi >i- the production of the most artistic clothing, and the garments leaving; their establishment are the acme of perfection in fit, style, and finished workmanship. They are equitable and honorable in all their methods, and the fullest confidence may be placed in their skill. QUACKENBUSH. TOWNSEND & CO., iManufaeturers and Wholesale Dealers in Hardware, No. 85 Chambeis and No. 67 Reade Streets.— This house has been in operation almost a centiny. It was originally founded in 1792, by Messrs. Wm. Van Antwerp & Co., and passed through numerous changes of man- agement until 1855, when Messrs. A. Quackenbush, Jr. & Co. suc- ceeded to the control, the firm style later on becoming Morgan, Quackenbush & Co., and the firm, as at jiresent constituted, coming into possession in 1867, since which time no change has occurred. TJie establishment is the oldest in its special branch of enter|)i-ise in the metropolis, and enjoys a trade that extends to all sections of the United States. The commodious store occupied is fitted nj) and ap- pointed in the most complete style for all the purposes of the busi- ness, and the several departments are filled with an elaborate and diversified stock, embracing every variety of foreign and dnmestic hardware in builders, mechanics and manufaelun rs' supplies, cut- lery, house-furnishings, etc., leading specialties being made of Wide- awake axes, Rough-and-ready and Clipper scythes. Beaver files, and the Norwich Lock Mfg. Co.'s productions, for which the firm are agents. The supplies are obtained in large quantities direct fi om the manufacturers. Noteworthy advantages are extended in the matter of prices, and all the great resources (if the firm are utilized to advance the interests of their patrons. The members of the firm, Messrs. A. Quackenbush, Wm. H. Townsend, and Charles E. Qtiack- enbush, are all natives of New York, and were raised in their present line of business, of which they possess an expert knowledge. WH. BRETTMA.N, Printer and Stationer. No. 440 Hudson Street.— Mr. W. H. Brettman, the well-known printer ^ and stationer, who is a practical printer of many years' experience, established the business be is now conduct- ing in 1874, and has since continued to enjo.y a successful, prosperous career. The premises have an area of 35x40 feet, and are neatly fitted up, and contain aU the requisite appliances for doing all kinds of plain and fancy printing, including new improved presses, new style type, etc. Mr. Brettman executes the highest class of work, including counting-house and all kinds of commercial printin.g and general job work, fancy and ornamental printing for societies, en- tertainments, balls, etc. Wedding and recept ion printing a specialty, also fancy cards, and calling cards, and blank books of all kinds are furnished and made to order. Mail orders receive prompt attention. A native of the city of New York, ^U•. Brettman is favorably known among his fellow -citizens. As a Ilr.st-class artistic printer he is fully equal to the best in the city. 196 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. THE HARTFORD STEAM BOn>ER INSPECTION ANT) INSUR- ANCE CO.. New York Branch Office, No. i8> Broadway. J. M. Allen, President; Theo. H. Babcock, Manager.— The frequent explosions of steaui-boilers in all parts of the country have called the attention of manufacturers to the importance of having these boilers periodically inspected by a reUable corporation, having a cash capital ample to guarantee its work. In order to meet this pressing necessity and demand, in 1866 the Hartford Steam-boiler In- spection and Insurance Co. w^s duly incorporated under the laws of Connecticut, with a paid-up capital of S.'jOO.UOU. The folio iving gen- tlemen, who are widely and favorably known in commercial and financial circles for their prudence, business abiUty, and integrity, are the officers and directors, viz : J. M. AUen, President; W. B. Franklin, Vice-president; J. B. Pierce, Secretary; F. B. Allen, Super- vising General Agent. Theo. H. Babcock, New York Manager. Directors: J. M. Allen, President; Lucius J. Hendee, President .Etna Fire Insurance Co. ; Frank W. Cheney, of Cheney Bros. Silk Manu- facturers, Hartford and New York; Charles M. Beach, of Beach & Co. ; Daniel Phillips, of Adams Express Co. ; Geo. M. Bartholomew, President of Holyoke Water-power Co. ; Richard W. H. Jarvis, Presi- dent Colt's Patent Fire-arms Manufacturing Co. ; Thomas O. Enders, late President .iEtna Life Insurance Co.; Leverett Brainard, of the Case, Lockwood & Brainard Co. ; Gen. Wm. B. Franklin, Vice- president Colt's Patent Fire-arms Manufacturing Co. ; Geo. Cromp- ton, Crompton Loom Works. Worcester, Mass. ; Thomas Talbot, ex- Governor of Massachusetts, LoweU; Newton Case, of the Case, Lock- wood & Brainard Co.; Nelson HoUister, of State Bank, Hartford; Chas. T. Parry, of Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia; H. C. Robinson, Attorney, Hartford, Conn. This is the pioneer boiler- Inspection and insurance company of America. Its affairs have been ably and carefully managed from the start, and the company now has, July 31, 1887, total assets $1,023,332.49, and a surplus, as regards pohcy holders, of $608,2.50 8". Following are the advantages derived by insm-ers. 1 . The boilers insured are visited at stated periods, gauges tested, safety-valves properly weighted, and all the boiler appliances carefuUy examined. If required, other inspections will be made with- out extra expense to the insured . A written report of the condition of the boiler, or boilers, will be furnished the insured after each inspec- tion. 2. Should an explosion or i-upture occur, the company makes good all loss or damage (except by fire, and not exceeding the sum insured) to the boilers and surrounding property. 3. The company issues montlily a paper called The Ldcomolire. in which is much in formation relative to the management of stt-iim boilers, monthly r'»ports of the inspectors of the company, list of explosions, so far as they can be obtained, foi' each month, and other valuable informa- tion. This paper Ls sent to policy-holders free of expense. 4. This being the pioneer company of America, it has had wide experience, and has become famiUar with its business. Boilers of nearly every description are under its care, and at its various offices may be found statistics and much valuable information, which has been collected by its agents and inspectors, relative to boilers, their attachments, setting, defects, etc. 5. The company furnishes complete plans for boilers, settings, and piping; also for steam-chimneys, and supervises the erection of the same at reasonable expense. 6. The company has a well equipped chemical laboratory in which waters forming trouble- some scale, or having injurious effect on iron, are carefully analyzed for its patrons, with the view of suggesting a remedy that shall over- come the difficulty. The advantages which thus accrue to the patrons of this company are not to be measured merely by the amount of premium paid. 7. The company has erected in its office, at con- siderable expense, a mercury colmnn of ample height for all pres- svu-es used on stationary steam-boilers. To this standard, the test gauges of its inspectors are adjusted. Mr. Theo. H. Babcock, the New York manager, has been in charge of the metropoUtan branch since 1873, and is highly esteemed by the community for his prompt/ ness and just business principles. AU details relative to the com- pany's rates, etc., are promptly and cheerfully furnished at the New York branch office, No. 285 Broadway, on application. DITTMAR & SHEIFER, Tailors and Cutters' Exchange, No. 7.58 Broadway.— Special reference is made in this commer- cial and industrial review of New York to the noted Academy for the Art of Cutting, or the Tailors and Cutters' Exchange, No. 758 Broadway, of which Messrs. Dittmar & Sheifer are the pop- ular proprietors. This business was established in 1838 by Genoa C. Scott, who was succeeded in 1878 by Mr. L. Dittmar. Eventually in August, 1887, the present copartnership was organized, the members being Messrs. L. Dittmar and N. S. Sheifer. The premises occupied comprise two spacious floors, 25x80 feet in dimensions, elegantly fitted up with every apphance and facility for the successful prose- cution of the business. In addition to their Academy for the Art of Cutting, Messrs. Dittmar & Sheifer carry on an extensive merchant tailoi-ing business, their garments being unrivalled for quality, fit, finish, and uniform excellence, while the prices quoted for them are extremely reasonahle. They employ twenty-five able workmen, who turn out garments that are absolutely unrivalled. Their system of cutting is one of the nost perfect yet invented. It is simple and accurate, and gives ease, grace, and beauty to the form. Every curve of the figm-e is accurately fitted by measure and not from guess-work or refitting, and it is not only a system of cutting but of grading and designing by measure, an art that cannot be learned by any other method yet invented. Messrs. Dittmar & Sheifer give lessons on custom and wholesale clothing in all their branches, also on ladies' garments and new clothing designs, shirt cutting, etc. They likewise secure situations for first-class journeymen tailors, custom cutters, designers, foremen, examiners, and trimmers. Both Messrs. Dittmar and Sheifer have had gi-eat experience in this branch of industry. The firm challenge the world to improve on their self-balancing system of drafting for boys,' youths.' ladies', and men's garments, and justly merit the signal success achieved by them. WM. H. McLEOD, Importer and Wholesale Dealer in Men's Furnishing Goods, No. 5 East Nineteenth Street.— The establishment of Wm. H. McLeod, importer and wholesale dealer in fine neckwear, hosieiy, male underclothing, and kindred articles, is one of the most reliable and leading houses of the kind m New York, while its patronage, which is of a very gratifying character, affords evidence of constant and material increase an- nually. This flourishing business was taken charge of in 1880 as represented by the gentleman whose name heads the sketch, and from the first has been conducted with uninterrupted success. Representing only the finest line of goods of English and Irish pro- duction, and conducting Ihe establishment on strict business princi- ples, Mr. McLeod has been enabled to attain the prominence and prosperity he deservedly enjoys. The salesrooms occupy 25x30 feet of floors, and are neatly fitted up and tastefully appointed, Mr. McLeod representing some of the foremost manufacturers of hosiery, knit goods, scarfs, ties, etc., in Great Britain, among others Welch, Margetson & Co., manufacturers and warehousemen, Lon- donderry and London, and Allen, SoUy & Co., manufacturers of high-class hosiery, Nottingham and London. The assortment com- prises elegant neckwear in great variety, fine dress shirts, novelties in undergarments, hosiery, suspenders, umbrellas and gentlemen's fiuTiishing goods of every description. Several competent and efficient clerks and salesmen are in attendance. Mr. McLeod, who is a native of this city, and is a gentleman of push, sagacity, and excel lent business qualities. JOS. KIESER, Steam Blacksmith and Wheelwright Shop, Nos 526 and 528 Eleventh Avenue, and No. 556 West Forty-first Street.— Engaged in this department of business is the old. established and well-known house of Mr. Jos. Kieser, which was founded twenty-four years ago, and which, throughout its long career, has always obtained an influential and substantial patronage. The business was established by Mr. Joseph Kieser, who received the first and only premium awarded for brewers' wagons at the Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876. He died in 1884, since which time the business has been successfully oper- ated by his son, Mr. Frederick Kieser, who was in his father's employ for six years before that gentleman's decease. Since coming into control of the business IHr. Kieser has extended the building from 25x75 to 40x100 feet. The workshop is 40x75 feet in dimensions, and is fully equipped with all necessary mechanical appliances and with steam-power. Twelve skilled and experienced workmen are employed, and all kinds of blacksmith and wheel- wright work are promptly and satisfactorily executed as directed, and coaches, trucks, wagons, etc., are speedily built to order of the best materials and in the finest style of workmanship. Mr. Kieser, who is a native of Germany and has resided in this country for the past thirty-two years, is a gentleman who thoroughly knows every detail of his business, and in either executing new work or making repairs is certain to afford satisfaction to his patrons. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 197 LUEHRS BROS., Dealers in Choice Family Groceries, Wines, Liquors, etc., No. OHT Sixtli Avouue, near Fifty-sixtli Street.— 'I'liere is no more iin]i(irtiuit business in any ooiiununity tlinii tliat of the retail nnd l<. cuiiducl it succi'ssruliy re- quires men of ability, inti,uiii> . ami rx|l, l i,> , A lr:L'lili;r ll'.ll^l' ill this sertion of the city rriuauv,! in thi, lin.' i-, llial ..f l.urlu s r.rctln-rs, l.ri-iiiK y.Hin;-' im.-m n.-:iil.\ Ihr.-.- .\.-;!r- I iii Unit .•..i.i|«ir;ili>ely from llic li. sl class .il' L-ustom, due tci the siii)erior quality ol' the goods I aiidleil 1>\ liiein, their low prices, and their liberal busi- ness mellidds. Tlu'ii- store, a'ixlOO feet in dimensions, is neatly fitted up, admirably arranged, and provided with all modern appliances for the successful prosecution of the business. Two polite and obliging assistants aid the proprietors in attending to the wants of their many customers; system and order prevail, and all orders are promptly filled and deUvered free of charge to any part of the city. The stock ness establishmetit is one of the largest and most notable in the sec- tion of the city in which it is located, and receives a liberal patronage friim an appreciative pulilic. The premises, consisting of two stores a Broadway, New York.— One of the most ingenious pieces of mechanism ever constructed is the Automaton Weighing-machine invented by Mr. Percival Everett of London, a popular mechanical engineer, who is widely and well known as the inventor of numerous other automatic devices, which are extensively introduced throughout England and the Conti- nent, aU of which are rapidly coming into use in this country. These weighing machines have become widely known and many of them have been introduced in raih-oad depots, hotels, restaurants, saloons, ferry- houses, and at L stations, throughout New York and adjacent cities. The machine is neatly constructed and never fails to attract the at- tention of even the most casual observer, and is liberally patronized by the public. As its name indicates it works automatically, and by placing a nickel in the slit provided for that purpose, and standing upon the platfo:-m of the scale, it will show upon the dial your exact weight. These macliines were introduced into this country by Mr. Erastus Wiman, who, having seen them in successful operation abroad, purchased the patents and rights for the United States, and organized the American Automaton Weighing-machine Company, which now owns aud operates all the machines in America. The general offices of the company are located at 29.5 Broadway, and they have a large aud complete system of agencies throughout the country. THE JOHNSON & SHARP MANUFACTURING CO., Manufac- tm-ers of Metallic Ends, Suspenders, and Webs, No. 236 Church Street. — A widely known and successful house in New York, activelly engaged in the manufacture of metallic ends, sus- penders and webs, is that of the reliable Johnson & Sharp Manuf ac- tm-ing Co., whose office and salesrooms are located at No. 236 Church Street. The factories of the company, which are commodious and well equipped, are situated at Nos. 221 to 230 West Thu-tieth Street. Here three hundred experienced operatives are employed, and the machinery is driven by steam-power. The Johnson & Sharp Manu- facturing Co. manufacture extensively all kinds of metallic ends, suspenders, and webs, which are absolutely imrivaUed for utihty, quaUty. reliabiUty, and imiform excellence. These goods are general favorites with the trade and pubhc wherever introduced, always com- manding a ready sale, while the prices quoted necessarily attract the attention of close and prudent buyers. The proprietors, Messrs. Francis E. Johnson and James B. Sharp, established this business eight years ago, and have since built up a hberal and permanent patronage not only in all sections of the United States, but also in Canada, owing to the superiority and durabihty of their various productions. Mr. Johnson is a native of New York, while his part- ner, Jlr. Sharp, was born in New Jersey. Both gentlemen are highly regarded in mercantile circles for their business capacity, skill, and integrity. CHARLES C. BARTLEY, Importer Best London Special Goods, in Saddlery Hardware, etc.. No. 37 Clinton Place.— A prosper- ous and representative house engaged in the saddlery hard- ware trade is that of Mr. Charles C. Bartley. Mr. Bartley, who is a native of England, came to this city in 1882, and in the same year established his business at the corner of Ninth Street and Uni- versity Place, removing to his present address in 1883. Here he oc- cupies a commodious floor, 25x80 feet in dimensions, and admirably equipped for all the purposes of the enterprise. Mr. Bartley carries on general operations as an importer of and wholesale dealer in the best London special goods in saddlery hardware, etc , also handling the best domestic productions in the same line. He possesses excel- lent facilities for procuring his supplies direct from the leading man- ufacturers, and can offer special inducements to the trade in the matter of prices. A large, complete stock is carried at all times to meet the demand, and an extensive business is transacted, the trade of the house reaching to aU parts of the United States. Orders are promptly flUed in a satisfactory manner, and goods are shipped without delay. Mr. Bartley is thoroughly conversant with every branch of his busuiess, having been engaged in this line all his life, while his father before hun also followed the same department of trade. CGERHARDT, Manufacturer of Brewers' Brooms and Brushes, etc.. No. .'584 Hudson Street.— The industry carried on by Mr. ^ C. Gerhardt embraces the manufacture of brewers' brooms and brvLShes and also steel wire brooms, casting, flue, and tube brushes. It was established by Mr. Gerhardt in 1880 at No. 2.58 West Twenty-eighth Street, and a year ago removed to the present commodious premises now occupied. In dimensions the manufac- tory is 20x75 feet, and is fitted up with special machinery and ap- pliances requisite for turning out the best class of work, and a num- ber of skilled workmen are kept constantly employed. The business carried on is large and widespread, the various kinds of brooms and brushes made by Mr. Gerhardt havmg a wide reputation, and are always in demand. A large stock is always kept on hand, including all kinds and sizes of boiler flue and tube brushes, and special atten- tion is given to all orders. Mr. Gerhardt, who was bom m Germany, arrived in the city of New York seventeen years ago. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 199 SILAS C. JUDD, Maiiufacducr nf First-class Carriages and Road Wagons, \.> i;:: I ;i. .:uhvay.— Greater aUvancement has been made during iIn' last (luartcr of a century in the manufacture of cai ria-t s Ihan in almost any other line of in dustry. Among the U'a fifteen skilled and experienced hands. '111.' |.r..pnri..i- .■n.|..ys unsurpassed facili- ties for perfect production. ounljuiiiK liimself enl irrly Id fini' work, using nothing but the very best materials, and Uirnii^oul a line of light carriages, buggies, xihaetonsand road wapais Ihat ar.. made in the most approved styles and of the best qualily .il w.ii laiiansliip ■which the skill of the present day can produce. Mr. Judd made the; as a hotel-keeper, both at home and in England. At one time he was the proprietor of Prospect House, Bay Shore, L. I : for four years he ran the Clifton Hill Hotel, at Margate, England; and during the past twenty years he has been the proprietor of different hotels in differ- ent parts of the Union. He is a jovial host and a favorite with bis guests. The Hotel St. George is a building containing five stories and basement. On Broadway it covers an area of GUxIOO feet, and an L attachment, 50x100 feet in dimensions, extends to Twelfth Street, where the ladies' entrance is. On the ground floor is a neatly fitted-up office, aOxTO feet in dimensions, a dining-room with an area of a.'ixlOO feet, and capable of seating 150 guests; a barber shop, etc. There are luxurious parlors, and 74 rooms as handsomely furnished as any to be found in this city, 'i'lic upper rooms are reached by an elevator, and the house is e.|iiipp.-.l wiiii all Ihe recently improved modern conveniences. Tliei t- is n. .i hin;;- lael;in- that can in any way tend to increase the coiiirorl ami safety of t;ii.-sls. Tlie house; is run upon tlie European plan, and there is accommodation for 135 guests. House of Refuge, Randall's Island. first "side-bar shifting- seat" top carriage ever produced in the United States, for which he was awarded the medal for excellence at the American Institute in this city in 1882. Illustrated circulars of this valuable patent are sent on application. Mr. Judd also makes a leading specialty of repau-ing, painting, varnishing, and trimming fine carriages, and his trade is broadly distributed tlu'ough- out the entire United States. All new carriages are built on the premises, and are fully warranted. Our readers can enter into business relations with this house with the assurance of securing not only superior goods, but also the most favorable advantages in terms and prices. Those who are in search of cheap carriages will not find them here, while those in quest of good substantial vehicles, noted for strength, lightness, durability, and fine finish, at moderate prices, cannot do better than place their orders with this reliable es- tablishment. Mr. Judd is a native of this city, noted for his genius and skill as an inventor and manufacturer, his executive ability, and good judgment as a business man. HOTEL ST. GEORGE, Broadway and Twelfth Street; N. P. Sewell, Proprietor.-The Hotel St. George, late the Irving House, No. 8'35 Broadway, is one of the most popular liostelries on that gre.ir thorouirlilare. liroa.hvay, and it has at all times been a very popiil.ir and eoz,\- eslal)lisliMienl. It was founded about twenty years ago, and was linown as Irvin;; House until 1884, when its title was changed to Hotel St (ie,,rge. In 1SS5 Mr. N. P. Sewell became the proprietor, and mider his management the house has increased in its popularity and pati()iiai;e. This gen- tleman is a native of Baltimore, Md., and has had large experience The cuisine of the establishment is first class, the management is excellent, the situation of the house imsurpassed, the service courteous, and the charges reasonable— from $1 to S3 per day. EDW.\RD BACii, Manufacturer and Importer of Saddlery and Harness, No. 1595 Broadway, near Forty-eighth Street.— A prominent and representative house in the metropolis en- gaged in the saddlery, harness, and horse-furnishing goods business is that of :*lr. Eihvanl Bacil. Mr. Bach is a native of Eng- land, where he leai ne.l everything the Old World could tench in the line of mantifaelm in,,- sa.I.lles, harness, bridles, and horse requisites of all kinds, and is a pra. tical man of thirty years' experience. He was for a considerahl." tinn- with Mr. A. R, Peel, the noted it years ago he came to New York la ise I'he premises occupied consist .1 welhst.icked store, 25x80 feet in di- this, a well - equipped workshop. Mr. npi-ehi'iisive stock of harness, saddles, ishing goods of every description, the ■St and most complete in theoity. Jlr. !■ world in this line of business, and he 1.1 y and coach harness, in which he de- ul harness are made to order on the made of ladies' saddles. The goods in every line are uniformly superior in quality, and the prices are in- variably low. From ten to twelve hands are employed, and a large city and out-of-town trade is enjoyed, a large number of orders coining from California. saddler, of London, and founded hispres coll.-irs. whips, an. I h.as.--fn assortiiieni heii.;,' one ..f the Bacil is see.>n ipi i<'tor- ship under the existing name and style. He maiiulaci lucs and im- ports all descriptions of the choicest and exclusive juilliuery and upholstery trimniiiig.s, having unrivalled facilities and influential connections. His Paris office is situated at No. 25 Rue Hergere, where his buyers ship to him all the latest styles and popular novelties. In imported trimniintcs no house has achieved such an enviable rep- utation as his. As manufacturers his concern also stands pre emi- nent, employing upwards of 150 hands engaged in the production of all the styles and grades of millinery and upholstery trimmings after the firm's original designs. Among prominent specialties for which the house is noted may be mentioned chenilles, the famous che- nille art appliques, protected by letters patent, and a magnificent array of embroidered draperies of all kinds, including the latest nov- elties for rich curtains. In their fancy stationery department, the to New York, and has become thoroughly identified with the interests of this section of tKe city. MARTIN KELLY, Fruit Store, No. 310 Si.tth Avenue, between Fifteenth and Si.\teenth Streets.— A well-ordered, widely, known, and admirably conducted establishment engaged in the fruit trade, is that of Mr. Martin Kelly, located at No. 249 Sixth Avenue, between Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets, which was founded in 1871, and has been most successful from the outset. Mr. Kelly has achieved prosperity by deserving it, by dealing in nothing but first-class goods, selling at the lowest prices, and by de- voting himself personally to the interests of his patrons. The com- mlaiii clocks, diainoinls. and other precious stones, silver ware, etc., and a great variety of useful, ornamental, beautiful articles suitable for wedding and presents for all occasions. >Ir. Gallagher is an upright, lionorable gentleman, and customers can implicitly rely on all representations and values quoted by him. Particular attention is given to fine watch, clock, and jewelry re- pairing, and all work is executed in the very best maimer, and war- ranted. Jlr. Gallagher, who was born in Ireland, early in life came MAHLER BROTHERS, Importers and Dealers in Men's Fur- nishings, No. .505 and 507 Sixth Avenue.— One of the most flourishing business houses on Sixth Avenue is that of the Mahler Bros., importers and dealers of fiu-nishings. Messrs. L. and M. S. Mahler, the copartners, have been associated since 1866, and by enterprise and energy and being liberal and honorable in their dealings have established a large and substantial business. The premises, comprising two .stores adjoining each other, have com- bined dimensions of .SOx.'in feet, and are admirably arranged and neatly fitted ii]>. and provided with every convenience for the pur- poses of til. liu-iii. -s , ai ried on. which embraces ladies' and gentle- men's fm iiisliing gooils and the manufacture of shirts and ladies' underwear. The store is very attractive, and with the four hand- some show-windows forms one of the most conspicuous features of the thoroughfare on which it is located. The facilities of the firm for producuig the best goods are not surpassed. The very best skilled work-people are employed, and all goods turned out will bear the most critical examination and inspection. The very best in- ducements are offered the patrons and the public by Me.ssrs. Mahler Bros , who are in a position tocompete favorably with all legitimate competition. Both these gentlemen are native New Yorkers. ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. DELEHANTY & McGRORTY, Carpet and Furniture Dealers, No. 352 Kightli Avenue, near Twenty-eitchth Street.— Messrs. Delehanty & McGrorty established themselves in business as carpet and furniture dealers in 1877 at No. 103 Chatham street. On May 1, 1884, they removed to their piesent store at No. 353 Eighth Avenue, near Twenty-eighth Street, and since then they have established a very extensive and lucrative business, and be- come classed among the leading dealers in their line on the avenue. Their premises comprise five tloors, each 2f>xi-. i;,'n and American looms, including body Brussels, velvet, tapestry, and ingrain of all plys, together with all kiiuls of oil-cloths and mattings of the latest designs and patl. ins. with a full assortment of window-shades, cm-tains, and tlieir li.vtures. All orders are promptly filled, and carpets are cut, made, and laid, and window-shades and curtains put up. Mr. Miller is a native of Ireland, but has resided here many j-ears. DH. GEO. L. LAMSON, Surgeon Dentist. No. 0.54 Eighth Avenue. -.Among the foremost denial practitioners in this part of the city may be mentioned the name of Dr. Geo. L. Lainson, siu'geon dentist, who sustains an Al reputation for reliability and skill in extracting, treatment of the gums, and artificial work; standing in the forefront in this line hereabout. Dr. Lainson, who is' a skilful and e.\pert dentist, was born in this State, and is a gradu- ate of the New York College of Dentistry. He commenced practice eleven years ago, and has from the first rapidly won his way to imljlie favor and prominence, his patronage now being very exten- sive lie ..eeiipies haudsome and commodious offices supplied with III. Im si laeiiiiirs and completely equijiped with the most improved dental appliances and devices, and no effort is spared to render the utmost satisfaction in every instanee. Teeili :u<- extracted, filled, and adjusted in the most reliable .and i xe. ll. nt manner; sets are made to order in the highest style of the ai t. .and dentistry in all its features and phases is executed with judgment and skill. TENNIS TRANSFER EXPRESS COMPANY, Main Office Ninth Avenue, southwest corner of Fifty-second Street.— One of the most reliable and trustworthy transfer expresses of the con- cerns engaged in this line is that of the Tennis Express Com- pany. The business was foumled four years ago by the present pro- prietor, .Ml . .loliii II. 'I'l iiiiis, whose thorough knowledge of the indusliy and his eiier^'etie mi-tliods have won for him a marked success, lie has built up a large, active trade, and the services of his baggage-wagons and furniture-trucks are in constant demand. Mr. Tennis calls for and delivers baggage, packages, and freight to all parts of the eity. transfers with all responsible expresses, checks baggage to .and li oin all lailioads. steaiiishi|is, and steamboats, and makes a le.idin;; speei.illy <'r movim,' rmniiure. He is prompt in answerin;,' all calls, while the charges made are always reasonable. WILLIAM KEIL, Jr., Practical Sign, Wagon, and Carriage Painter, No. 793 Ninth Avenue, near Fifty -third Street.— Although he founded his business a little more than a year ago, Mr. Wilham Keil, Jr., has succeeded in drawing about him a patronage of an extent and character that cannot be otherwise than gratifying and encouraging to the young and enterprising pro- prietor. Mr. Keil was born in this city, and jirior to starting business on his own account received a thorough practical training in his business of sign, wagon, and carriage paintliiL:. This training stood him in great stead, and enabled him to afford the fullest satisfaction to those who encouraged him in the outset of his bnsim ss career by favoring him with their orders. He has not onl.v succeeded in secur- ing the permanent patronage of those who thus lent him a helping hand, but has won favors from niunerous outsiders, so that his en- terprise may now be said to have been established on a firm and lasting basis. Mr. Keil occupies for the purposes of the business a two-story brick building, measuring 25x60 feet, and this is fitted up completely with all the best appliances for the successful prosecu- tion of the enterprise. Fifteen skilled and experienced hands are employed. The specialty of the concern is the manufacturing and painting of brewers' metal signs. Mr. Keil is pushing, enterprising, and thoroughly reliable. TF. OVERTON, Dispensing and Family Chemist, No. 90.5 Eighth Avenue.— Among the prominent gentlemen up-town there ^ are none better kmown than Mr. T. F. (Jverton, the popular dispensing and family chemist, who for twenty -seven years lias been filling prescriptions and supplying the citizens in the section in which he is located with medicines, toilet lu-ticles, etc. Mr. Over- ton, who was bom in England, arrived in New York many years ago, and has during his long business career won the confidence of his patrons and the medical fraternity generally. Hi" is careful and ac- curate, and in the preparation of physicians' jirescriptions u.ses onl.v the very best and highest quality drugs, and gives that attention to compounding them their importance demands. His long associa- tion with drugs and medicines has made him famihar with their properties and values, and enable him to distinguish between the genuine and the adulterated. His stock is always full and complete, and inchides all the various drugs from all parts of the world and also the special pharmaceutical preparations and proprietary reme- dies and extracts, and toilet requisites, etc. The store, which is taste- fully fitted up. has dimensions of 25x45 feet. Two competent assist- ants are employed. 204 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. T HUGHES & SON, Wholesale Dealers in Country Produce, Fimits, etc.. No. 681 Hudson Street and No. 3i Ninth ^ Avenue.— The trade carried on in country produce, fruits, etc., forms one of the important industries of the city, and is well representee' by men of capital, integrity, and enterprise, notable among whom iz Ihe firm of T. Hughes & Son, who are located at No. 681 Hudson Street. The premises have a front of 25 feet with a depth of 7.5, and extend through to Ninth Avenue, and as regards facilities and conveniences for business and storage purposes are complete and perfect in all their arrangements. The firm have con- nections throughout all the surrounding country and in the West, and are constantly in receipt of all kinds of produce and choice fruits, and supply a widespread wholesale demand and make shipments to various sections. The position of Messrs. T. Hughes & Son is such that they can supply the best articles at the lowest prices, and meet all demands and fill orders to the entire satisfaction of all who have business relations with the house. Mr. T. Hughes, the head of the firm, who came to New York from Ireland over a quarter of a cen- Bowery Savings Bank, tury ago, was for some years engaged, in the grocery trade in this city, which he relinquished in 1884, and established the business he is now engaged in, associating with him hLs son, Mr. James Hughes, and under the present firm name a large, first-class trade has been established. Mr. T. Hughes is one of the most prominent, influential men in the line in which he is engaged, and sustains an excellent status in business circles. His son and copartner, Mr. James Hughes, is a native New Yorker, and a live, wide-awake, energetic busmess man. HERMON W. ATWOOD, Pharmacist, No. 846 Broadway, be- tween Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets.— Mr. Atwood is a native of Hartford, Conn., and has resided in New York for a quarter of a century. He is a pharmaceutical and duly registered druggist. He is a member of the New York College of Pharmacy and for the past ten years has been one of its trustees. He is also a member of the New York State and American pharmaceuti- cal associations. He has been connected with the drug trade for the past twenty-seven years, and in 18U7 opened his present store on Broadway, where he has built up a very extensive trade. The prem- ises occupied comprise salesroom and basement, each 25x7.5 feet in dimensions. The salesroom is very handsomely fitted up with marble- top counters and silver-mounted show-case; a very elaborately con- structed soda-water fountain also forms a portion of the equipments. The stock consists of a carefuUy-selected assortment of fresh, pure drugs and chemicals, proprietary medicines and remedies, fancy toUet-articles. perfumeries, mineral-waters of foreign and domestic production, etc. In the prescription department the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes is given the greatest care, and every precaution is taken to prevent the occurrence of mis- takes. From four to five assistants are employed. Mr. Atwood also has an establishment at West End, Long Branch, N. J. NEUxMANN BROTHERS, Bookbinders, Nos. 76 and 78 East Ninth Street (opposite A. T. Stewart s), near Broadway.— Among the most enterprising and successful bookbinding concerns in the metropohs is that of Messrs. Neumann Brothers. The co- partners in this enterprise are Messrs. Charles G. and Ferdinand Neumann, both of whom are natives of New York. They were brought up in the trade, in which they have long been considered ex- perts, and about ten years ago they started business on their own account. The firm occupy two floors in the building at the address indicated, and each floor has a capacity of 25x75 feet. These are equipped with every modern appliance for the tasteful and durable binding of books of every description for private customers. Every facility is possessed for the prompt and satisfactory fulfilment of all orders. The firm employ from ten to fifteen hands. Every branch of the business is executed here, and the proprietors have won a rep- utation for first-class skill and excellent judgment in their occupa- tion. The firm have an extensive and widespread trade, and many of their customers are counted among the leading in the city. The firm give particular attention to fine work for first-class private trade, such as the binding of scientific books and works of art. They are always abreast of the times in new designs of binding, and their charges are always fair and equitable. NA. FULLER, Commission Merchant in Hay and Straw, Thirty-third Street and Eleventh Avenue.— Among those in New York who are prominently engaged in handling hay and straw is Mr. N. A. Fuller, who is located on West Thirty-fourth Street, near Eleventh Avenue, having large storage capacity in the hay-sheds of the N. Y. Central & Hudson River Raihoad, and New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railway. He established his business here in 1885, and by energy, enterprise, and reliable methods has built it up to its present large and gi-atifying proportions. Large consignments are received daily from the'best producing sections, and, as Mr. Fuller has a ready and remunerative market for all goods received, consignors can always rely upon re- ceiving prompt and satisfactory returns. He has built up a large and influential trade by cart and car-load lots, and his facilities for readily filling all orders on the most advantageous terms are of the most ample and perfect character. Mr. Fuller is a native of Lock- port, N. Y., and is recognized as an honorable and useful citizen, and a Uve, enterprising and progressive business man. MERRITT'S, Printing, No. 802 Eighth Avenue.— Among the most popular and reUable establishments devoted to the printing and stationery business on the up-town west side of the city may be mentioned " Merritt's," Printer and Sta- tioner, and dealer in music, new and fancy articles, than which no concern of the kind in this vicinity maintains a higher reputation for excellent work, first-class goods, and upright dealmg. This thriv- ing and prosperous enterprise was started about fourteen years ago, and from the inception of the business has been conducted with uni- form success. The store, which is 25x40 feet in area, is nicely fitted-up and well kept, and a fuU and fine assortment of general stationery, cards, blank books, pads, writing-paper of all kinds, novelties, smaU wares, fancy articles, newspapers, pictorials, periodicals, magazines, sheet music, music-books, etc , is constantly carried. The shop aLso is ample and well-equipped, and two expert hands are employed, whUe two jobber presses are in service; job printing of every description being attended to in the most prompt and superior manner, and alto- gether a flourishing business is carried on. THli METROPOLIS OF 1 O - D A Y . 205 JOHN F. TULLY, Flor ist, Stons No. CT Kiglitli Avenue, between I'liii ic eiiih and Foui tt-eiitli Streets; Stand, southwest corner I'lii ty iiiuth Street ii,iul Eifilitli Avenue.— One among the most popular of the many florists in the city is Mr. John F. Tully, whose places are great favorites with the public, who are always assured of finding just what the}' want in the way of beauti- ful, fashionable cut-flowers at all seasons of the year. Mr. Tully has had ten years" experience as a florist, and since 1882 has been es- tablished in business and made many friends, ami is enjoying a lib- eral patronage from all classes of the citizens. He is a gentleman having remarkable good taste and judgment in designing and ar- ranging bouquets, baskets, antl also funeral pieces and orna- mental floral desifjiis for dinner-tables and for the boudoir, the drawing-room, an 1 l .r He receives fresh every day the choic- est and most (Ir.sii alii.- c ut (lowers, and can fill orders at very short notice;and thi>M- whi ])atr.iniz.' his establishments find that he is re- liable and can ahv.i.\ s \>c (Icpciuli'il nn t.) meet their deinands in the most satisfactoi-y iiiauner. :\Ir. Tully was Ixirii and brought up in Now York, and is one among the most iiopular llorists in the city. He is assisted in his Ki^rlith Avenue store by his worthy and estim- able wile. Ill' is a member of the American Legion of Honor, and laso of the Theatrical Mechanics. PF. TURNER, Manufacturer of Prime Domestic Sheep and Hog Casings, Gut String.^ Etc , No. 491 Eleventh Avenue.— One ^ of the few houses that make a specialty of the import, i'X])c:il, luanufai-tm f , and sale of sausage casings, gut string, etc. is that of Mr. 1'. V. Turner. This house was established a score of years ago, and .luring its career has been guided by those principles of just and honoiul.lr il.-aliii:; that w.-n- more characteris- tic of an earlier period in our lii^t.iry tliau mark the conduct of some of the establislmifnts of tin- presmt day. Jlr. Turner has a nicely-furnished ortiL-e on llif s.c.nil tloor of the building, No. -191 Eleventh Avenue, and liis larmry is >ituated at No. 600 West Thirty- ninth Street. The latter is aU\»-^uny building, 2.5x60 feet in dimen- sions. This is e- variety. Mr. Nash, in addition to private sales, regularly holds public sales, always largely attended by discerning buyers, who can in this way constantly pick up excellent bargains. Mr. Nash is noted for always making prompt settlements, and he never fails to give en- tire satisfaction. WM. J. JIURPHY, Equitable .Market, No. 4.57 Fourth Avenue. —The business of this establishment was inaugurated in 1882 by the present proprietor, Jlr. Wm. J. Murphy, under whose energetic and popular management it scored suc- cess from the outset. Mr. Murphy, who was born in England, came to the United States eighteen years ago, and has, during the entu« time, been connected with his present Une of business. His sound judgment enables him to make the best selections, and he keeps in stock none but the most reliable goods. He receives fresh supplies daily, and carries on a brisk trade as a general dealer in fresh and salt meats of all kinds, poultry and game, fish, oysters, and vegeta- bles. Three clerks and two delivery teams form the working force. Orders are promptly filled, and all wants are supplied at the lowest market rates. Families will find this a most desirable market to deal at. JACOB DUX. Steam Book and Job Printer, Nos. 644-648 Eighth Avenue.— In the up-town districts we have a number of re- liable and honest printers. Among these we may mention Mr. Jacob Dux, the book and job printer, at Nos. 644, 046, and 648 Eighth Avenue. He has been engaged in business on his own account for nineteen years, and has the most thorough and intimate knowledge of this business. At his establishment we find the office fitted up with two very fine cylinder presses, three job presses, engine and boiler, and other machines of recent and im- proved styles, so that the work turned out has the advantage of being after the most approved order. We have personally examined some of this work, and regard the execution of the presswork as ex- cellent. A number of efficient and competent compositors and pressmen are constantly kept busy in getting out the orders. The prices at which orders are executed are low, when we take into ac- count the superior quality of th? work done. The proprietor of this business was born in Germanj-, and is an energetic and pushing business man. GEORGE W. STEVENS, Dentist, No. 663 Eighth Avenue.- Oneof the most reliable and deservedly popular professional men of New York is Mr. George W. Stevens, who established him- self as a surgeon-dentist fifteen years ago, and during this lengthy period has built up a very widely-extended and liberal patronage. His office, reception and operating rooms are eligibly located in a spacious and admirably equipped building, and are handsomely furnished with all conveniences and facilities for the comfort of patients. Mr. Stevens makes a specialty of filling teeth ■vvith gold, silver, or platinum, and of manufacturing artificial ones; and his long experience, recognized skill, and conscientious work in all departments of dental surgery have gained for him his present enviable reputation. The latest improved appliances are used for the painless extraction of teeth, and the charges made for strictly first-class and reliable work of all kinds are very moderate. Mr. Stevens is a native of this State, and has resided in the metropolis during the greater part of his lifetime, and has made a thorough study of mechanical and surgical dentistry in their various branches. JOHN SCHELLHASE, Furniture, Upholstery, and Interior Dec- orations, No. 4.58 Fourth Avenue, between Thirtieth and Thirty-fii-st Streets — This enterprise was founded twelve years aj.'o by the present proprietor, who has had twenty- five years' eNi«'rience in the furnitiu-e, upholstery, and interior deeoratm;: liu-iness, and is an expert in all its branches. The store occupied is conuuodious, neatly and attractively fitted up, and con- tains a superior stock of fine furniture and upholstery goods, all of the best grades of manufacture. Mr. Schellhase makes a spe- cialty of the execution of orders for interior decoration and uphol- stering, performing all work in the most finished, careful manner, while his prices are always consistently reasonable. A native of Germany, Jlr. Schellhase has resided in the United States for the past twenty-one years. He is a member of the Masonic Order, also the Liederkranz and Arion societies, and is in every way worthy of public confidence and patronage. 2,06 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. W EDGAR PRUDEN, Jobber and Retailer of BuUders' Hard- ware, Iron. Steel, and Metals, Machinists and Contractors' , Supplies, Tools, Cutlery, etc., Nos. 801 and 8B3 Eighth Avenue.— The vast variety of Implements, utensils, and tools that are classified under the head of general hardware renders that trade one of great importance in every community, and a lead- ing establishment in that hne in this city is that of Mr. W. Edgar Pruden, located at Nos. 861 and 863 Eighth Avenue, between Fifty- first and Fifty-second streets. This house was founded in 18.58, by Messrs. J. S. Priiden & Sons, the present proprietor succeeding to the sole control in 1886. The premises occupied for trade purposes com- prise a store and basement, 40x100 feet each, w'lich are in every way well adapted for the transaction of the extensive business carried on, and give ample accommodations for the immense stock that is con- stantly carried. As a jobber and retailer of builders' hardware, iron, steel, and metals, machinists and contractors' supphes, tools, cutlery, etc., Mr. Pruden has developed a wide reputation and an extensive patronage, which is broadly distributed throughout the country, and is annually growing in magnitude and importance under the stimulating effects of energy and enterprise of a high order. The general stock here displayed is very large and varied, comprising every description of supplies for the builder, the mechanic, the machinist, the contractor, carpenter, locksmith, butcher, carriage manufacturer, and housekeeper, that belong especially to the hard- ware trade, while the specialties of the house bear such a character for usefulness and value as to command universal attention and gen- eral patronage. The stock is all purchased direct from manufacturers and first hands, an advantage that is duly appreciated by consumers in this city and the trade throughout the country, as shown by their liberal patronage. Mr. Pruden is a native of New York State, and closely aUied to the advancement of the commercial prosperity of this city. WILLIAM H. BOTJER, Dealer in Teas, Coffees, Sugars, Spices, Flour, Fruits, Vegetables, etc., No. 720 Seventh Avenue.— A representative merchant engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery trade in ^his section of the city is Mr. William H. Botjer. Mr. Botjer began business operations twenty years ago, and has built up an extensive permanent patronage, mak- ing it a fixed rule of his establishment to handle none but the best grade goods. The store occupied is desirably located for trade pur- poses, and is neatly and conveniently appointed in all its departments. The splendid stock carried embraces a complete variety of teas, coffees and spices, sugars, flour, canned goods, imported and Ameri- can table delicacies, fruits, vegetables, and all other goods compre- hended in a first-class stock of this character. The prices are fixed upon the lowest basis consistent with full values, and orders are promptly filled on the most favorable terms. An active trade is constantly commanded, and six clerks are employed. Mr. Botjer is a native of Germany, and has re- sided in the United States for the past twenty-five years. He refers to the following : NurseiT and Child's Hospital, Fifty-first Street and Lexington Avenue; Nursery and Child's Hospital, Staten Island; Woman's Hospital, Forty-ninth Street and Fourth Avenue; OldXadies' Home, One Hundred and Fourth Street and Tenth Ave- nue; Chapin Home, Sixty sixth Street between Lexington and Thii-d avenues; New York Training School, No. lC3East Thirty-sixth Street. DR J. A. TURNER, Dentist. No. 1307 Broadway.— Dr. Turner is from Kentucky, originally, and was graduated at the Ohio Dentist College. He has had an experience of more than twenty years in his profession in this city, and enjoys a wide reputation as a careful, reliable dentist, and numbers among his patrons inaii.v of the best families up-town. He is a progressive gentlpiuan. and keeps pace with all the improvements that have been introiliiced into his profession, and is well provided with every fa- cility; lie has all the new improved appliances requisite, and ex- tracts teeth with his pain obtunder, a very ingenions contrivance which makes the operation as painless as possible. Dr. Turner's specialty is the preservation of the natural teeth, in which branch of his profession he is very successful, and is a practical expert in filling teeth with gold or other substances used for that purpose. He also makes teeth to order, in sets or singly, and freely guarantees sat- isfaction. The Doctor is very moderate in his charges. He also ad- ministers gas when desired, and is very careful and reliable in all operations. CSHORTMEIER, House, Sign, and Wagon Painter, No. 430 Eleventh Avenue.— This gentleman founded his business ten ^ years ago and has built up an extensive and influeptial patronage, owing to the superiority and uniform excellence of all work performed by him, and he bears a most enviable reputation in the trade. The premises occupied comprise a floor having di- mensions of 2.5x100 feet, and equipped in the most approved style for all the required purposes, with an excellent stock of dry and mixed paints, colors, brushes, etc., aU of the best quahty. Employing a fore? of from eight to fifteen hands, Mr. Shortmeier gives special attention to the execution of house, sign, and wagon painting of every description, performing all contracts promptly and in the most ' workmanlike manner. Estimates are furnished on apphcation and charges are based at the lowest possible rates, Mr. Shortmeier is a native of New York, famiharly known, and is doing his full share towards furthering the best interests of the commimity. RKANZE, Electrician, No. 90 East Ninth Street, between Fourth Avenue and Broadway.— An excellent electrician, and one ^ who has acquired considerable fame as such in our midst, is Mr. R. Kanze. He began business on his own account in 1876, and he has succeeded in biulding up a large and very important pat- ronage. He occupies a store 15x60 feet in dimensions, and this is ap- propriately fitted up and equipped for the business Several experi- enced and duly qualified artisans are employed. Electric beUs, me- chanical bells, annunciators, electric door-openers, mechanical door - openers, speaking - tubes, etc , are put up for chm-ches, hotels, dweUings. and private houses; and electric experimental machinery, medical batteries, models, fine machinery, etc., are made to order. The facihties of the establishment for exe- cuting all commissions promptly and satisfactorily at reasonable rates are complete and ample, and the house commands a large trade. Among thf numerous establishments equipped with electrical apphances by Mr. Kanze, we may mention the Brevoort House, the St. Denis Hotel, Cooper Union, Bible House, .Jansen Bachelor Apartments, etc. Mr. Kanze is a native of Germany, and came to the United States in 1869, since which time he has been identified as an accomplished electrician and a first class business man. AALGEO, Manufacturer of Straw Hats, No, .539 Hudson Street. —An old-estabhshed and representative house engaged in the manufacture of straw hats in the metropolis is that of Mr. A. Algeo, whose office and factory are located at No. .539 Hudson Street. This business was established by Mr. Algeo thirty years ago, since which period he has built up a liberal and permanent patronage in all sections of the country. The premises occupied comprise two commodious four-story buildings, fully equipped with all modem appliances and machinery known to the trade. One hundred experienced operatives are employed, and the machinery is driven by steam-power. During the busy season, Mr. Algeo manu- factiu-es four hundred dozen straw hats dail.y. All the straw hats produced by Mr. Algeo are unrivalled for quaUty, finish, style, and uniform excellence, and have no superiors in this city or elsewhere. These goods are general favorites with the trade and public where- ever introduced, always commanding a ready sale, while the prices quoted are remarka'oly moderate. Mr. Algeo was born in Ireland, but has resided in the United States since 1849, and is highly regarded in mercantile life for his industry, enterprise, and Integrity. JAMES DIXON & CO., Jewellers, No. 323 Eighth Avenue, corner Twenty-sixth Street. — This enterprise was inaugurated in 1882, and had been continuously prosperous and successful from the start. The store is very eligibly situated for trade pur- poses, has dimensions of 25x40 feet, is tastefully and attractively fitted up, and contains a display of the best grades of fine gold anil silver watches of both foreign and domestic manufacture, clocks in full variety and in the most beautiful designs, all the latest novelties in the jewelry line, a handsome assortment of solid silver and silver-plated ware, also optical goods of all kinds. These goods are offered at the lowest prices consistent with their excellent val- ues, and a full guaranty is given with every sale effected. Mr. James Dixon is a practical jeweller, and makes a leading spe- cialty of repairing watches and jewelry. Mr. James Dixon gives- his personal attention to this department, all work undertaken be- ing guaranteed to give satisfaction, while the charges are always- fair and reasonable. THE METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 207 ERAUFFUS, Upholsterer and Interior Decorator, No. 40a with him his sons, Mr. Shadrack Cook, Jr., and Mr. Cook, who Sixth Avenue.— Tlie popular emporium of E. Rauffus, were associated with tlieir father in the business from the beKinning. ^ upliolsterer and interior decorator, also dealer in fine drap- These gentlemen arn liiRhly regarded as the most careful, att<;ntive, eries, window shades, cornices, and kindred arliclcs, has for and considerate engaged in this calling, and attend to undertaking: upward of twenty -seven years l)eeu steadily growing iu public favor. and embalming and the preservation of bodies, and furnish all the Mr. Rauffus, who is a native of Germany, but lias resiiii il in this requisites and essentials for funeral purposes. The Messrs. Cook & country since IWil, is a practical and expert upholsterer, w ith many Sou in the wareroom have a gr(!at variety of caskets and cofllns and years' experience in the exercise of his art, and is thoroughly conver- fimeral furnishings, and their thorough knowledge of the business in sant with the trade in all its branches. Being a man of pusli and en- all the details, and supplying all articles needed in a satisfactoi-y man- tei-prise as well as skill in his line, he started in business on his own ner, has given them a wide reputation. Interments are procured in account here in 18(i0. He occupies a neat and commodious store, and any of the burial-grounds in the city and vicinity, and hearse and carries always on hand a complete and first-class assortment of win- carriages and attention given at very moderate charges. These gen- dow shades, curtains, and fixtures, draperies, cornices, upholstered tlemen are all from Trenton, N. J., originally, goods, rugs, general interior decorations, hair and spring mattresses, cushions, feather pillows, and household specialties; whUe camp y^ERDINAND MANN, Drugs, No. 9a Eighth Avenue— One of the chairs, crash, and canopies also are carried and let to parties for hire. oldest and best-known pharmaceutical establishments in this Upholstering of every description is done in the most superior style, J[_ city is that cited in the caption of this sketch. This business and shades and lace curtains are done up and carpets fitted and laid was originally foimded as far back as 1H41 and has been under in the most excellent and expeditious manner, from four to seven the present proprietorship since 1848. The store, 20x70 feet in dimen- St. Luke's expert hands being employed : and altogether a large and flourishing business is carried on. FA. MINUTH, Architect and Superintendent, Nos. R23 and S2-1 Broadway, southeast conuM- of Twelfth Street.— Tliis ;;eiitle- ^ man, althoujch only establisliei! in business liei-e in l^'^U. lias; already obtained a substanti il pati-diiap-. in eonseiinciK f his previous experience for a jieiioil of seven years in some of the l)est architects' offices in the city. He is a iiali\c of (ierniany and twenty- seven years of age, and since he was twi'iity years old has resided in New York. The profession of an arehiteei requires an immense amount of study, and in additioii a praelieal t i ainin,g in actual service, and a tboioim-h mechanical education. In these respects ^Ir. Minuth has had e.\eellent training, and he is fully prepared with all the neces- sary facilities to execute or carry out any architectunal undertaking, not only i.i oiii]iily, Imt with that intelli,£;ent apprehension of design which makes liis eiTorts so highly appreciated. lie will be found prompt, liberal, and enterprising, and always prepared to offer ad- vantages in keeping with such a reputation. COOK & SONS, Funeral Directors, No. 120 W. Thirtieth Street.— The calling of the undertaker is a peculiar one, requiring in its conduct many characteristics not essential in other occupations. These requirements are pos.sessed and thoroughly understood by Messrs. Cook & Son, the senior member, Mr. Shadrack Cook, hav- ing been in this since 1K80, having been co.achnian to H. A. Burr, Esq., previously, for seventeen years and ha.s continued in it in this city in his present location since 1884. About a year ago he associated Hospital. sions, is fitted up with all the modern adjuncts of elegance and con- venience and the stock of drugs, medicines, etc., embraces everything pertaining to a first -class metropohtan pharmacy. Prcsci-iptions of all kinds are cai-etiilly and skilfully coniimini.leil. an experienced assistant is employe, 1. and the general business is v.iluminous and ]iri >siieri ins. Mr. Ferdinand Mann was born in Germany, where he earlv ac<|niie,I a tliorou_'!i kn..ul.-.l-e of his profession. In I&IG he came to tins city, and two yi^ars later succeeded to the enterprise with which lie has since been both prominently and successfully identified. Mr. Mann is a member and one of the founders of the German Phar- maceutical Association. Mr. H. Mann, son of the above-named gentleman, was born in this city in 1847, and literally raised in the business. ALBERT M.\RRER, Printer, No. 201 West Thirty-fifth Street.— Prominent among those who are well known as job and com- mercial printers up-town is Mr. Albert Marrer. who has had a long experience in the business and during the twenty-five years he lias been cnu'a^'cd in it lias met with a well-merited success. Mr. 'Marrer I. cciii lies comnicdioiis pi emises, which are well provided with every facility and onivenieiice, inclinling three job presses, cut- ters, etc, and many fonts of new style type, and executes all kinds of work with neatness and skill, with promptness and despat<-h on the most reasonable terms. Mr. Marrer ha-s a thorough knowledge of the printing business in its every detail, and tin-ns out as fine work as is to be seen in the city. A native of Switzerland. Mr. Marrer, who is about forty-three years of age, arrived in this country in 1860. ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. GOODWIN'S, Beds, etc., No. 126 Eighth Avenue.— Among the old- established and popular industrial enterprises in this section of the city should be mentioned that of Mr. G. A. Goodwin, manufacturer of and dealer in pufe curled horsehair mat- tresses, live geese feathers, beds, bolsters and pillows; also mat- tresses renovated and feathers steam-dressed, at No. 126 Eighth Avenue. The spacious and well-arranged premises are fully equipped ■with the best improved methods and appliances, and every facihty is at hand for the advantageous prosecution of the business. The work turned out is unrivalled in point of general excellence; a large, well-si-lected stoc-k of goods incident to the trade is carried, and the extensive and liberal patronage received evidences the wide popular- ity of the establishment. Mr. Goodwin is a native of this city. At the breaking out of the Civil War he enlisted in the navy, and was on the U. S. bark "Arthur" at Corpus Christi and Galveston, and subsequently served on the flagship " Hartford." At the close of the war he re-engaged in the business with which he has been iden- tified off and on for the past twenty-five years, and has built up a fine enterpiise. Mr. Goodwin is a member of Reno Post, No. 44, G. A. R. LEVY BROTHERS, Importers of and Dealers in Art Novelties and Fine Stationery, and Manufacturers of Picture-frames, No. 665 Eighth Avenue, between Forty second and Forty-third streets.— One of the most widelj'-known and most popular up- town art novelty stores is that conducted by Messrs. Levy Brothers. The copartners are Messrs. Louis and Casper Levy, both of whom are natives of New York City. They founded this enterprise eleven years ago, and they have developed a large and permanent trade of a strictly first-class cliaracter. They occupy two floors of the build- ing, which is 25x75 feet in dimensions. The upper floor is utilized as a picture-gallery, and it is thoroughly equipped with all necessary tools and appliances. The salesroom is very tastefully arranged and fitted up, and it contains a magnificent stock of photographic and autograph albums, scrap and pocket-books, toilet sundries, fine stationery; a full assortment of art novelties, including artist's ma- terials, pigments, oils, water colors, crayons, pastels, camel's-hair brushes, bristol and card-board, oil paintings, engravings, litho- graphs, etc. Elegant and artistic picture-frames are kept in stock and made to order at the lowest possible prices. From ten to fifteen hands are employed in the different parts of the business. The establishment is a leading one on the avenue, apd a large, brisk trade is done. MRYAN, Jeweller, No. 706 Eighth Avenue.— This gentleman has long been a leader in fine goods on the avenue, ^ and has been actively engaged in this business here for the past fifteen years. His store is very spacious and attractive, and a magnificent display is made of elegant gold and silver watches, superb diamonds, French and American clocks in unique and artistic designs, sterling silver and plated ware, gold and silver headed canes, spectacles, eye-glasses and optical goods, art novelties, and a multifarious collection of scarf-pins, sleeve-buttons, rings, and small jewelry ornaments of the proprietor's own manufac- ture and design. Patrons can at all times rely upon receiving superior goods, honorable treatment, and satisfactory attention in this deservedly popular emporium. Several courteous and efficient assistants attend to the wants of customers, and expert workmen are employed in the manufacture of jewelry, rings, etc., while fine watch and jewelry repairing is executed in a prompt and thoroughly efficient manner. The trade is large and influential in both city and country, and is annually growing. Mr. Ryan is accounted among the rising and progressive business men of the metropolis. CHARLES EMMENS, Sole Leather, etc.. No. .54 Eighth Avenue. —One of the oldest and best known wholesale and retail deal- ers in leather, shoe-findings, etc., is Mr. Charles Emmens, who for the past thirty -four years has been engaged in this line of business, and from 1870 to 1887 was the senior member of the firm of Emmens & CaiToU. Since the latter date he has been the sole pro- prietor of the enterprise, and conducts .so large and extended a trade that four assistants are required to supply the needs of patrons. The store consists of an apartment, 25x100 feet in dimensions, and is heavily stocked with oak and hemlock sole leather, colored leathei and shoe findings, cut pieces of leather for half sole, heels, etc., be- sides boot and gaiter uppers which are made to order on the premises. and toUet, household and tradesmen's brushes of all Irinds, which are guaranteed to he as represented, and are piuchasable at the lowest market prices. Mr. Emmens is a native of the city of Dublin, Ireland, and ever since the inception of the business has enjoyed an enviable reputation, and has built up a heavy and permanent patronage. SAMUEL MARTIN, General Hardware, and Manufacturer of Theatrical Supplies, No. 12" Eighth Avenue.— The house so successfully conducted by Mr. Samuel Martin is a pioneer in the hardware trade of this city, enjoying a reputation and patronage that represent the results of over fifty years of honorable and successful effort. It was founded in 1835, by Mr. C. L. Martin, who retired from active business in 1861, and was suc- ceeded by his son, the present proprietor. The business was origin- ally located at Fourteenth Street and Eighth Avenue, and was re- moved to the present site in 1844. Here the proprietor occupies a store and basement, 25x80 feet each, the whole being arranged con- veniently and systematically. Mr. Martin deals extensively, both at wholesale and retail, in general hardware of every description, and makes a leading specialty of theatrical supplies. The several depart- ments are filled with an elaborate and diversified stock, embracing builders' and shelf hardware, carpenters' mechanics' and machinists' tools, locksmiths' and butchers' supplies, table and pocket cutlery of the best makes. In the line of theatrical supplies, this house stands in front rank of the trade, from which it is abundantly able to make good its claim for furnishing the latest novelties, the most desirable goods, and the most complete list of standard articles in this line, at the lowest price of any house in the city. All orders are promptly and carefully filled, and a heavy and influential demand is readily ' met. Mr. Martin is a native of this city, and widely known for en- terprise, ability, and business integrity. The founder of the house, although past seventy-five, takes an active personal interest in the progress of the business, and gives it the benefit of his large experi- ence. OSCAR KRAUSE, Druggist and Apothecary, No. 349 Seventh Avenue.— One of the neatest and best equipped pharmacies on Seventh Avenue is the excellent and well-ordered drug- store of Oscar Krause (successor to Henry Stock), druggist and apothecary. Mr. Krause is enjoying a deservedly high reputa- tion for accuracy and vigilance in compounding and dispensing physicians' prescriptions as well as in the general exercise of his pro- fession. Mr. Krause, who is of German birth, but many years in this country, is a capable and reUable pharmacist, being a licensed and registered druggist by the New York College of Pharmacy. He succeeded Mr. Stock as proprietor of this neat and popular pharmacy in March, 18S6, and from the first he has conducted the same with imiform and gratifying success. The store, which is compact and ample, is finely fitted up and tastefully arranged, and a large and carefully selected stock is constantly carried, includmg fresh and pm-e drugs and medicines of all kinds, herbs and chemicals of every variety, standard proprietary remedies, acids and extracts, pharma- ceutical specialties, medicinal liquors, alcohols and spirits, toilet articles and perfumery, sponges, chamois, soaps, small wares, sani- tary preparations, mineral waters, flavors and fine cigars, while two competent and experienced assistants are employed, German and French prescriptions bemg carefully and accurately prepared. WUERZ BROS., .Job Printers, No. 684 Eighth Avenue — Among the foremost exponents of the prmter's art in this vicinity may be mentioned the pushing and popular firm of Wuerz Bros., practical job printers, who enjoy a first- class reputation for fine work in this line. This flourishing enter- prise was started about two years ago, and from the inception of the business the firm has steadily grown in pubUc favor. The prem- ises occupied for business purposes are located on the second floor, and are spacious and commodious, while the concern is completely equipped with excellent outflt, including two jobber presses, new and superior type and general appurtenances. Job printing in all its branches is executed in the most superior and expeditious man- ner, all work receiving the close personal attention of the proprietors, while three exi^ert hands also are employed; reliable and first-class work at popular prices being the prevailing features in this flourish- ing establishment. Mr. Wm. Wuerz, Jr., and Alexander Wuerz, sole proprietors, are young men of push and energy, and are practi- cal and expert printers, with ten years' experience in the exercise of the art. Tl-IH METR(3POLlS OF TO-DAY. 209 GOODRICH & WOODCOCK Kslate and lusuraucf, No olilfst and best known nun surance agencies in I In- i_- Woodcock, situated at No. :,s K'v^\) iHislncss dates from about is IT. sncccssors to John Ross, Real Kifrhth Avenue.— One of the IK tlu' i)o|iiilai' ri'id ('Stale and in- y is 111 il of Messrs C, h'ieli .t Uie lire practioul knowleili; from a thoroui;li I r; are both natives of ferent loiMlities thi liiirl ami resideiK nesotril and col Glass 111 Bowtr.v and elTe furnitin tleiueii in coiiiiiiercial and (iiumei is a notary public, and Mr. Edwin deeds. v.,.s eslablished b.v .Mr. John lo bruaiy, when he was suc- 1 Mr. i; N. Goodrich and Mr. ill,' a sound theoretical and I valuable city s and country iiT'v jiropert.v, anil sustain an e.\eellcnt cles. Mr. K. W. Goodrich dcock a commissioner of J OHN N. GENNERICH, Funeral Diix 649 Ninth Avenue.— One of the li and cnibalmers in the cit.v is .'Mr. .lo! and r.iiibalme years, and since lie fouiuli has built up a reputation class patronage. His olli convenient style, and jioj the business. A lull line ollins. il all leial iiinu;- quip- o;n)it atleiitiou is driven to all orders lit li.\' t •lephone. e iU Tliirtv ninth akes entire charge of ftnierals, mak- 1 iieeessaries for and superiutending this IS done at reasonable rates. He 's t'le most approved process in liis sexton of the Lutheran Protestant West Forty-second Street, between Seventh and Eighth ■ whose con.^regation he is highly esteemed. ■ad. iubalinei eunerich N ;r. iieiiiisi nished Avenue, on tlu born in \ew Y( his jD-esellt add are seveiallv S| the la Aveii il; eh: .corner Fortv- ^linieiit in New uidsi iniely fur- Xo, r.si Ninth ,'eMtIeiiian was ed business at rooms, which peratiiitc-room IS re,t,'ari ■ndstotlie eleaniiiLr and lill- ithout causing pain to the is ei|llipi of appliances and tools known to the | as au expert in his profession. He i branch of the dental profession, and ; ing of teeth, the extraction of teeth patient, and supplies artificial tei'th of the finest and most relia- ble quality, ease of wear and comfort to the wearer being guaranteed in each case. He has bnilt up a largi> patronage not only in the cil y, but in the surroiiii.lia,' ilislnets. ||r is a -i ait leniaii ol' eiiltiire and refinement, and has u mi an eii\ iable repiitalion ii,,t only among his professional brethren, but among all who have made his acquaint- ance. He is punctual and reliable in all his engagements and reason- able in his charges. HW. DRAKE, Book and Job Printer, Dealer in School Station- ery, etc.. No. 455 Seventh Avenue.— Mr. H. W. Drake , is a practical printer and business man, and has been, established in bis present location since May 1, of the present year, as a book and job printer and stationer. He occu- pies commodious premises, consisting of two stores, each having dimensions of £>xW feet, which are well equippetl for the purjw.ses of the business. He has a number of presses, cutters, and many fonts of new-style type, and all the accessories iu the printing department, and executes the very best class of plain and fancy work, including (■ ammercial, book, card, and general job printing, at short notice ou the m )st reasonable terms. He being the printer and publisher of the I'll rest er's Joitinal, an eight page paper, has all the facilities for doing the work of newspaper or book nnitter. In the .stationery (l. ji.ii tineut a large, varied, and general assortment of goods is kept on s.ili , einbracingeverytliiiig in the line of school stationery, books, slates, pencils, penholders, tablets, pencil cases, rulers, book-slates, etc. Mr. Drake is a native of Kngland. but for many years has lived in New York, and is the right sort of a man to succeed. M, ABBOTT, House Fi ness house uhi. 'l fare, anil w liieli si ;s, No. Kit F.iirhth .\ve.-.\. bu.si- l. si ,,f thr kind on lliislli,.roii-h- located at No. Kt; I'mhi teenth .streets, i im' Im-i a gentleman |io.>,-siirj- e tion to III- illleivsl ,,f his the outset, ami he , lii sons, Jh-. r. II. .\bhoil an ness. ami are very iniieli their niaiiageineut. The ing tlll-ee St, .l ies, eaeli II mirabl.\- fitled iiji foi- ilie assortments i uiliraee a s and lie.iters to be found i v as baimleil in IS",;- by Mr M. Abbott, I I 1. 1 loiiably line abilil.v, ami close aiijilica- iisioiners has won for him a success from n il the business with uninterrupted pros- ulieii his laiiieiited death occurred. His Mr. ( '. !. Abbott, are manau'ers of the busi- atilieil » ilh the iiierease i.f I usincss under remises ,„ eii|iieil ( -oi 11 1 ii isi ■ a liuilding bav- .1- Willi iliiiieii iLiis .if ■."x:;. leet. and ad- i.|,!,n of 111. , \i,Mi-i\- ^•m. I, eai-ried. The lemliil ili-|.la\ ol' ih.'iiiM-i s I , I \ rs, ranges, the eilv. a|s,i a eiinijili li- \ ariol.v of house- furnishing goods of every di'sca-ipl ion. '1 offered at exceptionaUy reasonable priees, : given in e\ ery article ]>uieliaseil here, I" and thev also l.ave a large foree of skilled i eeHeiii, goods are b. ~i ..f values are ,s ,11 1- employed, I S. .,,,,1 ,„-(iers for new work or rep,iii ing will .iluavs reeei\e the ] ir. m i| ilest attention. All visitors ti> the estantislmient are uiven every opp.u tunity to ex- amine the stock and compare the pi'ices charged witli those of con- temporary concerns. CORNELH'S I.orcKS CD., Feather and Findings, No. ii Sixth .'Vvemie Aniou^' the laru'e and reputable manufactm'- ing concerns in tins market engaged in the production of leather, shoemakers' supplies, etc., is the firm doing business tmiler tlie name and style of Cornelius Loucks & Co., which is coniposeil of c Foucks & D. L, Hallock. The business was estab- lished in is.-i: , ami the enterprise has sini-e been conducted with ever- iuereasing success Tlie uianiifaetnry and stock-room cover a sjiaeious area, and ten able and e.\pi i ieneed hands are employed in ■■r iijipers. liiiilings. and shoemaki-r\s sup- n. whieh are of both luediuir. ami high hieh go far toward tilling the or,l,-rs of a lil traile. The stoek is very large and is nia-e in the m ailv tilled up and attractive the maiiufaeture of Irath plies of every desei-iplio grades of qiialiiy. a. I w heavy wholesale ami ret; displayed to the best adva show-room; every eoine the orders of patrons w it! at whieh the best goods w ith fair dealings. Both York City, where they lu: lives. c, E L. SCHULTZE, tician. etc.. No. .'^i.xlh iliiN is at hand to execute despatch, while the prices le lowest figures consistent le firm are natives of New g the greater part of their er, Jeweller and Op. riiis gentleman was iiited States in 1S,5S. Being a skilled and 1. he met with success experieneed watchmaker, jeweller, ami o from the beginning, and has built up a first-class, flourishing patron- age. The store is neatly and convenientl.v arranged, and contains a valuable stock of gold and silver, American. English and French watches, clocks, jewelry, siiectacles and eye-glasses, all of which are offered at;, the lowest prices for cash. A specialty is made of re- (^rlng watches, clocks, musical boxes, and jewelry, all work in this hfife being executed in the most careful and finished manner, while the charges are made moderate in every case. ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK CHARLES CONWAY, Monitor Coffee and Spice Mills, No. 37:) Hudson Street.— Some producers and dealers still adhere to old-tasUioned honestv m the roastinjc. gi'mding. and handling ot coflee and spici-s. Amnn'j: such mi this secticn or the city can be nani"d Charles Conwav. iin.pni'tor ot tlie Avell and iavorably known ■•Monitor'' Cuffee and SpiL-o Mills, inanufauturer and dealer m coffees and spices, and ](>bl)er ot teas. nuts, andgroceis specialties, tlian which no establishment of the kind on the AN est side sus- tains a higher reputation tor excellent goods or rehable dealings. Ibis tariving enteiprise was started in 1)502 bv the hrin ot Gritfln & C'oinvav. who were succeeded a few years subsequently bv Mr. Con- wa .-assole proDi-n'tor Hi!' liusmess premises occupy a i.jx..Tfoot ! : iv i. .aid an- supphed witli ample and^ ! I ji ivvHr, latest impro%'ed >i ' 1 . v: appliances, and geu- !■■.( i c'linDfr'nt assistants are in atteud- uss stock IS constantly carried on hand, ^oitees (ground and in bean) and spices ■ tr:!-;. I'oiiduiients. nuts of all Icinds, and I .1 ■ ) m:, iMj p 1 ' Ilia, shelf goods : . , ■ 1 ■ ii ' ti r -r. •cits" speeial- ,\nii'iii., 1.1 11 li w iMl.'^ale and jobbing : and substantial, exteniling all o%-er the floor at excelli' coffee cral ai l of 's, pui table ( in great van,-ty. and ties; and the trade ot I and retail, is at once city aad suiToundings r n. GROTECLOSS. Pli.ilo-raplier. I Street, between J'ifth ami Sixili A P ^ most and be.stdcno\vn ini'inln'i-s ot fession in tins cilv is Mr ,T. II. (. r-nt is centrallv.iiid couvcMi-iitlv l..oa!,-,l pr. Strs (li-ot.-closs. whose cstablish- .ii-iitlvl..oa!,-,l at No, 4(1 West Fourteenth ■axth avrnucs. and which is one of the in the city. Mr. drotecloss founded liis ,s thus for near.y a quarter of a century of which he IS so thorough a master. He bed chambers, and the operating depart- iti'st ii!i|iroved and most efficient apph- lognipmc profession. A general line of I I. and the portraits produced here are 1 ri i.icsi'Utation ot features and artistic enterprise in IStlll ai been an exponent of occupies haiidsoniel' ment is equiiiped wi ances pert-aining to p lotographic woi lc i; caaracterized by a tiniih. Both insid.- and oulsid.' w ork is pioiniitly attended to. and in isfactorv servici- is giiaranfeed. Several capabl" and efficient assist- ants are .Miiplovi-d. and the instantaneous in-ocess is made a special featuie. l-ai licidar attention is given to enlarging portraits and to copying the same in crayon, oil. jiastel. water-colors, mdia-ink. etc. The -walls of the studio are i-omm. d with many fine examples of photographic work that j ctiei t tin- highest credit upon Mr. Grote- closs. who brings to bear upcni his enterprise an experience covering a period of thirty years. He is a native of this city, is a gentleman of fme ability, and is tlioroughly reliable in all his THE NEW ERA BAKING CO., John Horn, Pi oprietor, No. 803 Ninth Avenue.— This is tbe leading Ixakery in tins section of the city, and the productions of the house are in active and ever-increasing demand The iiremises occuiiied comprise a store and basement each -rix."!! feet in dimensions, and linely fitted uj) throughout for all tiie imrposes of tlie liiisiness. Jlr. Horn, who first established his enterprisi- twenty two years ago, on his arrival from his native country— Germany— has had thorough training in every department of his calling, and has no superior as an expert in this line. He manufactures every variety of liread. cake, and pastry, and as aU t)ie good things dealt in liy him are produced on the premises, and made from the be.st materials, purity and excellence can always be depended upon. An active trade is supplied daily, and all customers invariably express the fullest appreciation of the fine quality and full value of the goods dispensed. FRANK A. MXJLLER. Real Estate and Insurance, No. 763 Ninth Avenue, corner of Fifty-first Street.— The business of this en- terprising house was founded two years ago, under the firm style of Samson & Muller. The partnership was dissolved during the fall of issr, and since then Mr. Muller has conducted the business alone. He is a native of the city, and has made a prominent position for himself in the mercantile activity of the community. He is thoroughly posted iu the law of real estate, and can therefore be engaged witli implicit confidence in all matters relating thereto. He gives special attention to the sale, exchange, and letting of properties, the collection of rents, and the negotiation of loans, and is prepared to take the entire inauageiiieuts of Improved and unimproved prop- erty. His connections in this line of business are first-class and influ- ential; and he has carried through to a successful issue many impor- tant transactions for leading capitahsts and Investirs. As an insm-- ance broker and underwriter he is prepared to promptly place the largest risks, distributing the same iu the most judicious manner, quoting the lowest rates of premiums, and guaranteeing a prompt and liberal adjustment of all losses. Mr. Muller is also a notai-y pubhc. MORTON & BATHE. Plumbers and Gas-fitters, No. 931 Sixth Avenue.— In a great city like New York, where so much of the health of the people depends upon the condition of the sanitary provisions, the profession of the plumber is natur- ally one of the greatest importance, and well wortliy of special men- tion. Among the notewortliy houses engaged in this line a leading place is occupied by that of Messrs. Morton & Bathe, located at No. !131 Sixth Avenue. This firm founded their business twelve years ago and have since built up a large and influential patronage, owing to the uniform superior cliaracter of all work performed by them in every case where their services have been engaged. Both members of the firm, Messrs. James M. Morton and John Bathe, are practical, expert sanitary engineers and gas-filters, and have amply demon- strated their ability in these lines in the past, and are more than ever callable of continuing to do so in the future. They employ a force of skilled assistants, and are always jirepared to enter into contracts for the execution of plumbing and gas-fitting in all their branches, basing their charges at the lowest possible rates, and guaranteeing entire satisfaction with all work performed. Messrs, Morton & Bathe are prompt in meeting all their engagements, deal honorably with all their patrons, and are well worthy of support and commendation. L FRITZ & SON, (Successors to M. J. Palm), Undertakers, No. 50!) Ninth Avenue, between Forty first and Forty-second ^ Streets. — This establishment was founded fourteen years ago, by Mr. M. J. Palm, who disposed of the business in May. 1886, to the present proprietors, Mr. L. Fritz and his son, Mr. Theo- dore Fritz. The premises occupied are spacious and appropriately appointed and fitted up with every convenience necessary. The firm are prepared to fiu-nish everything required for a burial promptly and in the most satisfactory manner, and so well are their duties performed that their services are gene'-ally sought after by bereaved relatives or friends, who can rely with confidence on their considerate attention. The firm keep constantly on hand an ample stock of caskets and coffins, corpse preservers, and all classes of furnishmg undertakers' goods. Embalming is skilfully and satisfactorily exe- cuted when desired, and every requisite for funerals is provided; and their establishment is as extensive and complete as any in this part of the city, hearses, caiTiages and everythmg else being furnished with promptness and despatch at reasonable prices. The senior mem' er of the firm is also the proprietor of the livery stable at No. 413 'A'est Forty fourth Street, and coaches for parties, picnics, wed- dings, fimerals, etc., are promptly supplied. Both partners are native of Germany, and energetic, honorable, and respected business L FISCHER, Frames, No. Stl Ei.ghth Avenue.— A well-known and popular business enterprise, is that of Mr. L. Fischer, ^ manufacturer of picture-frames and dealer in frames and pictures of all kinds. The spacious and well ordered prem- ises are supolied with all requisite business facilities, and in the attractive salesroom is displayed a fine assortment of the superior house productions, also an elegant line of engravings, etc. A large and liberal patronage is received, and the general business is both extensive and prosperous. Mr. Fischer was born in Hungary, where he learned his trade. In 1872 he came to this city, and three years later embarked in this enterprise. Mr. Fischer is a member of the " United Friends," I. 0. B. B., and K. A. B, societies. THH iWETROPOLIS OF TO-DAY. 211 DU BOIS MANUFACTURING COJII'ANY, Manufacturers of Plumbers' Lead Traps, No. 245 Ninth Avenue.— An establish- ment that is filling a very important sphere in the industrial and mercantile life of this city is that of the Du Bois Manu- facturing Company, located at No. Ho Ninth Avenue. The business of this enteiprising and flourishinK coi Mr. F. N. Du Bois, and in )««.-, th.- I>ii I was incorporated imder the laus <.i i capital of S50.0(K). Mr. F. N liu lici- Blauvelt is the Seci'etary and Ikmsiim-i Bois IS a gentleman of cnii^i.i.T.iljle w. mercial circles IS of ilic liiL,'li. st l lir lis founded in 1HT7 by nif.K-i iirintc ("oinpaiiy ■ cil Ninv York with a I'l-csidciit, and F. W. corporation. Mr. Du liile his rank in corn- are the most exten- IHOducts III-,' .iistiihutfd K cuiiipanv's factiii-y at Xi>. buiidiiij;. ."lOxHW fret in duiit skill and capital can coiudi and there is every fa. iliiy : filling; all orders. The pio.li all parts of the Uiiiim and dard Roods in tlie traile. Tl Berlin, (iennany. ami in I,, tiired there are exti-iisivi-li tsof thisesi 1 llic wi.rl,!. and their civili/ed Kl..!,e. The is a six-story biick i.lcl Willi all the new. : to the Ijiisiness tliat liaiidsare e,,ipl,,yed, itly and s;. t i ^faci . .rily hi. 1. -lit are -i..|,ped to tainm;.' to this concern, and the iiroiiiiitness. ellicieiicy. and lehaliil ity with winch all ..nl.-is are fulfilled, warrant the remark th/it n. more desirable establishment can be found with which to fm-m busi- ness relations. DOLPHUS LE PFLLEY Painter and r)e<-oi:itoi-. in-s. No. Si.Mh .\veni niiilh Streets. In niakii Le Pelley,& Co.), nestic Paper hantr- • ei-hth andThirry- the mer.'antileand ■iil.irly desirable to of industrial establishments of New York, i' is ]i mention that class ot i -cs \vhich :ire the 1 each special line .)t lni>in.-ss. .ind vshicii .-onlnhnte ino,t to the city's reputation as a source of siijiply. In the business of painting: and decorating:, and in the sale of foreign and domestic paper-hangincs, the house of Mr. Adolphus Le Pelley, at No. (w7 Sixth Avenue, be- tween Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth streets, stands in the front rank of enterprise and success. It was originally established twenty years ago by Messrs. Sarre, Le Pelley & Co.. the present proprietor suc- ceeding to the sole control in 1885. The store is spacious in size, handsomely fitted up for the reception of patrons and the display of good.s, and stocked to repletion with an assortment of paper-hangings that is complete in material, design, and novelty, the best sources of American and Kuropean production having contributed to its wealth. The stock has been selected with rare taste and judgment, and gives the limit of manufacture in high-class goods. In the line of painting and interior decorations, Mr. Le Pelley has long maintained a high reputation for his skill in the artistic blending of colors and shades. He gives employment to from ten to twenty skilled painters and decorators, and is jirepared at all times for the prompt and perfect fulfilment of all orders and commissions in this important branch of art. His work is invariably well done, and his prices are low and attractive. Mr. Le Pelley is a native of the island of Guernsey, a resident of this country for the past 38 years, still iu the prime of life, and with a promising future before him as a just reward for hi.s ability, industry, and trained skill. PMARESI, Ice cream. Pastry, and Confectionery. No. 087 Si.xtli Avenue, between Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Streets; ^ blanches. No. 971 Sixth Avenue, New York, and No. 30 Clinton Street, Brooklyn.— The business of a caterer is one iei|uiriiiic a peculiar tact, as well as a high order of in- lelli;:eiice. and he who adopts this vocation and makes its develop- ment :i life study iniist cai i \ in his mind the countless combina- tion- winch enter into the {.'leat variety of confections and the dill rent kind- of luxuries and delicacies which are necessary to 1 t the deinaiids of the modern social public, and be prepared to cater to every taste and satisfy every fancy. These qualifica- tions are iio-ses-ed in a marked degree by Mr. P. Maresi, of No. lis; Sixth Avenue, and have led to the brilliant success achieved hy him as a caterer in this city. He has been established in his pi oi, --i,,n liei e lor I he jiast ten years, and has developed a patron- i-e oi The mo-t iniluential and gratifying character. He deals e\ien-i\ , |y ill ic e l ie im, pastry, and confectioner.v, at the above iiiiiiiiier, iiihl al-o o|,ei;itcs branch estabiishments at Nos. 971 Sixth \^elllle. x,..v ^ oik. and No. 30 Clinton Street, Brooklyn. His oi,. :iii,i le. ei-,.,im saloon at No. 687 Sixth Avenue are spacious I -i/.e. li.uhNoii,.-l\ fiiinisbed in every ]iarticular, and replete I'll ewr\t!nnj 11 ■-■■:ir\- to cinstiiiite a first cdass establishment - t ill- hin-i I he ,,--r,ri ment of - Is .-omju i-es the most delicioii*; eonf. ciioii-. f iiu y e;ii,,- ,if evciy iiaiiie and nature, and ice-cream of e\ ei y ill lamina I lie il:i \ oi in 1 he -eason. Special attention is given to all orders fi .r s, ] \ in- w eddiiiu' and reception parties, balls, and pic- nics, imd ev,i \ ,11 ticl.- IS furnished that could by any reasonable stretch of the imajiiiaiioii lie included in a caterer's establishment. Purity is the main essential in all supplies made, and the prices whi(di prevail are al^^a^ s low and atlractive. Fifty skilled assis- tants are einiiloyeil in the .hllerent branches of the business, and iiiisiii p.is-eil f ieihiies .ire alTordeil for the prompt and satisfactory f iillihiieiit of all or. iei s and commissions. Mr. Maresi is a native of GEORGE WOLF. IMeat Market. No. 2.-3 Sixth Avenue, comer of Sixteenth Street —Few among the many excellent meat mar- kets that atfr.ii't the e.\ e along Sixth Avenue have secured a more endm iiiK' bold on public favor and confidence than the esf.iblishnient conducted hv ( ;eorge Wolf at No. 2,53 of that busy tlioroiii.dif,ire. .■oiner of si\-teeiitli Street. It is one of the best- equipped stores of I lie kind in this section of the city, where patrons can always rely upon ;,''eitiii',' a very superior article, satisfactory treatment and prompt attention. Mr. \Vo|f. who is of German birth, but has resided in ihi'l'iiired Slates since 1 s.",,'. established himself in business in this cil.\- some thii t v odd years ago. opening at No. 247 Sixth .\ venue. Here he continued up to lS6t, when he retired for about five months and then startetitutei. and in wliich purcliasci-s may at all times rely upon finding' an Al and (•oini>U-te assurinieiit of everything coraprehende-. iliinn„'-r furniture in miiipie and artisl ic designs and beaut i fill easy and fancy clia i i s. l ock. ms, plain ami fancv tali plete assortment of ornaniontal and siibst intial ai l id furnishing line. In the carpet and intoj ior di-eorati of the house likewise is displaynd tlin lim-st and mo peries, tapestries, sen-ens, window-sbades; lambieq rugs, mats, carpets of cvoi y .le'^cription, oil-clotlis. bei lor sui^s, cabinets, and liigb-class fiii n der in special designs in the most (■> highest style of the .u t. several e.\|), and iijiliolsterers being in regular servi ■nt sti ucture. iient. An e.x- incliidiiig the -iepartment reliable dra- e also produci IS manner, ai ■d to or- exceedingly laige ^\r. Willi: sided in this city about twei probity in his dealings, as we superior business qualities. the imires; liberal and altogether mil siiiiurbs, is lid, but luas re- emaii of strict futerprise, and CONKLIN & BREWSTER, Importers and Makers of Fine Neck- wear. No. 74!) Broadway.— In its line of business there is tio more active and enterjirisiug house than that half a century ago, or, to l.e precise, in |s.;!i. Din ing his long business career :\lr. Barnett has esi.iljhsl led a 1 radc connect loll villi all parts of the Union, and bis .on. Is h.ive ,1 standard i iqiiitation in the market, and are in great demand hy dea lers every where. Mr. Barnett formerly conducted his eiiie.iirise at No. 54 E.ast Tenth Street, near liroadway, whence be some time ago removed to his present address. Here be occupies one iloor, •-'5x75 feet in dimensions, and this is aiiipl\ eipii|i]ied w ith the most efiicient modem mechanit-ai aiiiili.uice- pei i.ninng to the business. Einidoyment is alTorded to from ei^lii lo iil leen liands, and every descriiit ion of rocco cases and all kinds of sample cai'ds are proiiqillv and sati-f.icl orily made to order. Jlr. I3arnett is the inventor anil paleiitee of the well known "Harnett's patent Diy-plate Holder." so popnl.ir e\erywhere wiih )iliotograi.hers, and so ad- mirably ail.ai.ted for outdoor ]ilioto,L'rapliy, 'I'liis holder w as patented January "ti. !ss:i. and il has had an immense .ale. The demand for it is eonslaiitly increasing, and in supplying tnese Jlr. Barnett is meeting a long-felt want among photographers. 'I'hese plate holders commend themselves at once as an improvement of iindoulited merit, and photographers, either amateur or otlierwise. once using them, will have no others, as they ,iossess every possihle advantage of the fdd wood holders, and two additional features of an inesti- mable value, viz . lightness and comp.ictiiess. .-Mr. Bariiet t attends persoii.illy In ilje ii I a 11 II f .a ct n re of these goods, and that fact alone is a siildcieiii gnar.aiitee thai IIu-n- are perfect in every way and tlior- oii:jlily lijlit tulii. ^Ii . l.>.arneii has any number of unsolicited tes- timonials from prominent men who have used his holders, who with- out an exception pronounce them vastly superior to all others. THl£ METROPOLIS OF TO-DAY 215 HENRY SIEDE, Furs, No. 14 West Fouiteenth Street.— The most noted fur liouse in the nieti'opolis and in tlic country is tbat of Mr. Henry Siede. who came to tliis city from Ger- many, and in 18.";1 started the business which now bears his name on Maiden Lane. Later he removed to I'rince Street and IJroadway, and in 1880 to tlie iiromisc-; now occupied at No. 14 West l^ourteenth Street. Afln- buildiiiL,- uj) a trade with ramifications throughout every pari, of ih.- .Muniri. .m.l winning customers fr^im the wealtliiest. ami iimsi iviin.d lainilirs in llic land, the fomider of tllis great ent'.-rpii-.,' di.' I m |--sr,. and In' uas t ii.'ii snc.-.Tdc I hy his son and nami'>al,i\ Mr. I1' mi \ Sir.l.-, w h.. is au.iiiM-.'r ^■(lrk-, and who was raided m l hr imsm..-,s i ind. ■!■ I h. ■ iinim 'd )al i ■ d ,i . ■i-l ii .u of hisfatber Tli- prniii-.', in .« n, i n|.i. d ir.r iln lni .in. ss i-iaisisl of salesroom and basemi-ii, rai li -.'..nIhii i, . i m diiM> ]i h.ns. Tliese are very ta.stefully fitted upwlih and pr.u idrd » i; li .■• .ly convenience and facility for tlie exti'iisn.' disp!a\ oi li-:,- luisand lohcs. All tliat may be included in the linr nl ladies' si ai^kiiis and ciiImt furs are to foimd in the greatest vuiirlv in tlii ;istaiilis! nl. II is an acknowl- edged fact that in fur ;;-.i,„|s ..f any drsn i] .1 i. m Mr. Siede is anau- thority and leader of the ailing si\l.s lie ciriu-s in stock the most valuable furs to be I.. and m iliis miIi\ ..r i:iii\)i)e. In fact there is to be found here Ihi Inrs of all amni ds thai li.uc been called upon fn i.ay Iriliute t,, w]i. ti,v Ihe sb.ek li.e, lieen earel ully select- ed with exi)erienced jud.L;ineiit and exeelleni tasle I'lie largest Bengal tiger skin ever l)r(.ui,dil tn tliis r.mniiy can be seen in Mr. Siede's establishment. It is ;ili., I'eet in len-lh fr.nn tip 'i. ti|), and the animal is set up- with full head and elTeetively displays his claws, etc. Here to., is a line re],resentati\ c of the Kini: of tin- Forest " The size atid jjeiiertil build of this ma-nitieent lion aL rested the attention of Van Ainbur;,di. the ni.ted aniiird Ir.un -r and i)wuer, while abroad, ami lie bou-ht it for his men uerie m this coimtry. During the voyage aerross the Allanlie, iis keepers \M-re obliged to kill it, so furious did it beeome 'the l it: Mv Sii-de se.-.ired the skin and preserved it in it , jn-e.^eni lorm. The ti ade-mark oi' thistll^,.l■ish- inghouseisappl'ol)riateh ihai of the indc'lati-abk- beaver, ami Mr. Siede has on vieu a w liiie b.MM-r, beli-ved b) be tlie (.idy one ever captured: iiid I. there is a very tine eoHeeiioii of animals that is weU worth makm,- an ms|.eeii,,n of. The linn emi)loy from twenty- five to thirty hands in iiiamil iietm int;- i;arnn-nts from the very best furs, that liav lu'en ilii'ssed and dw-.l in the laetories of the house All work is giiaraiitee.l to be nnsm pa-s.-.l. an.l the prie -s ar.' as l..w as those of any house in the trade. Furs ot <'ver\ deseriiiti.ai are received on storage for the summer season at moderate ehaiLjes, and insured against loss or damage by fire or moths, s. al^kin and fur- lined garments are kept without folding. The house makes a spei lalty of sealskin f;artnents; usiu'^the veiy best cjoods of Alaska seals and Fondon dye only. In small fiU's they show an eii.lless variety, eonipris- iuK all the various styles of niiitfs. searls, neck bands, collars, sh.iulder- capes, boas, sealskin ;;loves. hats, raps. etc. In trimming furs, Mr. Siede shows ever,\- kindihat the fur bearing animals suppl.y. and in all ■widths and prices; also slei-h i-obes. carriage-robes, and floor-rugs in variety, from tin' hllli^ red fox to the great Bengal tiger. In gen- tlemen s tius he slio« s almost everything thai style and eoinloi t call for — drivnig eaps, collars, gloves, gauntlets, fur lined and sealskin overcoats, etc, etc. This house lia.s*i bright future before it, and the success now enjoyed is fully merited. EDWARD MIFLER & CO. ( Xeriden. ronu,1, nianufact iircrs of Fine Famps, llronzes. Burner ( loods. Sheet Fr.i-s. , te., Xos, le .nd l-.'Colle-e Pla.'e and .\o. i;r. Park Phiee The rem.irk- aiile progress noticeable in the mamit'aetnre oi lamp and lamp goods is very largely due to the distinguished entei prise and energy of the great incorporated house of Edwtud ;Miller\ i of Meriden, Conn. In numerous wa.vs this concern holds the leading representa- tive position. The business was established by Jlessi-s, i:dw,'ird Mil- ler & Co. in IRIF and h.is Ir-nl a continuous and iiro-p, i-. iis i xistence to date. The rajiid growth of the trade and enlargement of t he laetor- ies at Meriden. Ct., eveiitU'Uly resulted, in ISfKl. in the cajiitiilization of the important interests and the organization of an incori)orated com- pan.y imder the very appropriate title of the old finn name. Mr. Edward Miller is the president and Mr. Edward Miller, .Jr.. secre- tary. Under their able executive management the coir.panv has greatly prospered. Its works are unusually extensive, and titled up throughout with the latest improved machinery and appliances. An average? force of from five to six hundred hands are employed, and the concern, both by reason of facilities and extent, is the most important of its kind in America, manufacturing flue lamps, bronze ornaments, burner goods, sheet brass, tinner's hardwai-e, et<:. The concern has always been represented in this city, and its salesrooms are now most centrally located at Nos. 10 and 12 College Place, and No. Park Place. The premises occupied are 50x100 feet, where a magnificent stock is carried. The business here is under the able iiianagement of Mr. Charles A.. Holbrook, in every way qualified for the faithful discharge of the onerous duties devolving upon him, bringing to bear as he does vast practical experience and sound judg- ment. He is a native of Massachusetts, and has been connected with the company for the last seven years, while since 1884 he has lieen their New York manager. He here carries the finest styles of lamps in town, including the famous "Rochester" lamp, recognized to be the mo.st powerful in existence, and one thatemhodiesall the modern scientific improvements. The rccoi cl of the " Hocliester" is far ahead of au.v otl»!r lamp in the market, and its l)iiri)er is the most satisfactory of any. easily managed, and throwing a tlood of Ught that is so powerful as to far exceed both gas and all other lamps in existence. To those who want a perfect lamp, we recommend " The Rochester." while none is more readily salable by the trade. Mr. Hol- brook here carries a very grand displa.y of ornamental lamps in original bronze paiii-i iis of exquisite beauty, and adapted to decorate the tinest draw ing-rootns. For a holiday, birthday, or wedding present, the ' Roehester ' lamp is emphatically the most appropriate article out It is directly useful to the recipient, and can be had here in all siyles of artistic effects vip to the grandest achievements ot the worker in bronze, and w e din rt special attention to it. They also have a line of ornament, d lironze novelties here. The company has ever been ui>led for its able guidance and honorable policy, and is a worthy representative of the highest type of progress in this im- portant branch of trade. -J— ^ AFPFF, Importer and .F ihber . if Ribbon s. Silks, Satins, Vel- h vets, and .'rapes, N„. Ill) Hr oa most progressive merchants. CCAFT-:MAXX, Jlanufacturer and Jobber of Straw Goods, No. rilil Iho.idwas, between Prince and Housttm Streets —Mr. ^ ('. Cillmami is a gentleman of vast practical experience in liis line ot ti.ide. and has been established in business for thei>ast lifteeii ve:iisni his], resent lo,;iiion, \o. ,V,I1 Broadwa.v. He Mil lies t lie tirst 11 o. M- and t w o b.iseineiiis ,,i I he building, which is aiixibo feel in dimensions. Here he carries and conducts an exten- sive trade in all kinds of straw goods. The stock carried is one of the finest and freshest in the city, and for beauty and originality of design and superiority of finish and workmanship the goods here displayed are unexcelled. Mr. Callmaun has in his service thirty hands skilled and experienced in the business, and the most remark- able feature of his business is that he has never employed any trav- elling agents, and all goods disposed of are sold in the store, Mr, Cnllmann is also an extensive importer of all the latest European novelties in straw goods, and is always in a position to offer these to dealers upon the most advantageous terms. He was born in Ger- many, and came to this coimtry many years ago. From a small be- ginning be has built up a large and prosperous trade which extends throughout the United States. 216 ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK. CALVIN M. PRIEST, New York Club Stables. Nos. 15 and IT East, Twenty-eighth Stfeet.— For the care and comfort of man's best fi-iend— the horse— a great many estalilisliments and stables ai'e luiih and devoted,— some lir>t cl^i^s ana a great many not. ( hie of those tliat are in tlie frout rank is to be foimd at above address. Here every care and attention is sliown to tliem and tlieir comforts lo.jlied atler in a manner highly to the credit of the pro)iiielor. Estahlj.^lie.l for twenty years, ten of which liave been spent at tiie present ji'cation, o(_'ciipyjtig t lie three-story bniiiliiig ivitli an area of .50x100 feet, and accommoiiaiing seventy liiMcl ot lu.i scs: and having a brancli at No. 5 East Twenty-eiglith _ Slici-i, two stories, v.ith an area of 20x70 feet, accommodating thirty head of horses, and giving employment to fiom fifteen to tweiUy hands, 'i'lie trade done l,y this stable is veiT large, and vvitli city i)atrons exclusively. lis i)m )iose is for boarding horses, and it accomiili-.lies all it iiiidert alces. giving them great care and atten- tion in th,> inatler of feed and grooming, and looking after their sariilary wants with a practical attention to detail that is conimend- abl . A s|»Tial fe.ilnre <■( the stable is its buying and selling facili- ties. All 1 lie I lett er- grades of !ioi-