SCIENTIFIC DIVISION AND NOMENCLATURE THE EARTH, AND PARTICULARLY THE TERRlTORf OF THE UNITED STATES STATES, COUSTIES, TOWESHIPS, FAfflS AID lOTSi FOR PROMO riNG THE EaUALITY, INDIVIDUALITY AND INALIENABLENESS * SOVEREIGNTY, LIFE, LABOR AND DOMAIN, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME IT CONSTITUTES A SCIENTIFIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE EARTH: ALSO A CONSTITUTION FOR NEBRASHEVIL [llti OR ANY OTHER STATE. rOR THE CONSiDERATIOM OF NATIO.VAL REFORMERS AND OTHER STATESMEN. BY LEWIS MASaUERIEK. NEW yokk: Sold at the Office of‘Young America’ in the True Sun Building, Nassau Street, N. Y- iCP Price, gl.50 per hundred. Orders (post free) may be addressed to johh windt, or to the Editor of the Ymng America, Now York. U MASqUERIER, PRINTER. 1847. PLAN OF A SCIENTIFIC DIVISION AND NOMENCLATURE OP THE EARTH. Owing to the figure of the earth, it cannot be laid off into perfect squares by running with the cardinal points; and by running to the intermediate points, the lines will run in spiral curves that never return into themselves. To survey therefore the land of the earth, to the cardinal points, so as to contain the same area in all its divisions of a similar kind, the parallels of latitude must widen towards the north and south poles from the equator, so as to compensate for the gradual approach of the lines of longitude toward the poles. The following di¬ agram or earth-measuring map, exhibits a section of the earth from the equator to the north pole, and embraces the map of North America. It is a specimen of the whole earth as well as N. A. laid off into states of a proper and equal size for all its peopledoms. Seven degrees of longitude are found to be the width necessary to embrace four hundred counties of the size to average eighteen miles square, and at the same time to make states as nearly square as the figure of the earth will admit in the middle of the temperate zone, where there is the most land, population and civilization. This will give about fif- teen states in each section and three hundred and eighty for the whole earth, leaving out three fourths for sea and the frozen region beyond sev¬ enty two degrees of latitude. This will make the states in similar latitudes, oblong east and west towards the equator, and north and south towards the poles. This will keep all the divisions regular and in a line with each other all over the earth; and the variations from a square will not be much greater than what now arises from fractions according to the present mode of surveying. In surveying the public lands of the United States, meridians and base lines are established, to number the townships from, any where in a state and without any regard to its boundary; but it is here proposed that the meridians should always be run with the east boundary of a state, and the base lines with the south boundary. Instead of the town¬ ships being numbered from the meridians and base lines, it is suggested that the counties should be numbered from them, and that the townships be designated by the cardinal points to rvhieh they lie from the central one in each county. Thus, begining in the south east corner of a state, The size here proposed for states, averaging three hundred and sixty English miles square, will embrace the territory of most of the present nations, should their present boundaries and the new divisions coincide, ( 5 ) The size of eighteen miles or three townships square for the counties, has been adopted as the most convenient for effecting every purpose; for it is about ten miles from the corners to the center of them; but, if they were laid off twenty four miles or four townships square, there Avould be no one central township, and the county seat would come at the corners of the four central townships, instead of at a central township village, and if they were made thirty miles or five townships square, though a township would have fallen in the center, yet, it would be so far to the county seat, that it would give rise to those parties which so fre¬ quently arise in newly settled countries for moving the seats of justice, or for dividing the counties. The following recipes are proposed for coining scientific names, as exhibited in the following diagrams and specimens for all the people- doms, counties, townships, capitols, county seats and township villages throughout the earth. To coin a name for a state, take the name of some prominent object in it; thus to Nebraska, (the Indian term for Platte river, already given as the name for its territory,) cut off its last syllable ‘ka,’ affix the first part of the word shere, ‘she,’ and after it again the word ‘ville,’ but in all cases spelling according to the sound of letters, and Nebrashevil is coined, literally translated, a state of sheres and villes. This is the name proposed for the first state west of .Missouri, and all its counties are to be composed of words terminating with the syllable ‘she’ and all its towns with that of ‘vil,’ as exhibited in the following diagram of a sec¬ tion of this state, and also a sample of the mode of naming all other states, counties and towns. To name the counties of any state, take the names of tlie numbers in the prevailing language of the country from one to twenty, always spelling according to the sound of letters, and compound them or their first syllables, thus. For Nebrashevil, the names for numbers in the English language, arc adopted in the composition of the names of its coun¬ ties. Thus for the first county in its south east corner, count one north, one west, and say, always spelling according to the sound of letters, Wuwushc for its name, then substituting‘vil’ for‘she,’ it will be Wu- wuvil, the name of its county seat. Then substituting ‘two,’ spelled ‘tu,’ for their second syllable ‘wu,’ theybecome Wutushe and Wutevil, names for the next county and village one north two west; and so on till it comes out Teteshe, ten north ten west shire in the center of the state: and then by affixing ‘vil’ and ‘opolis,’ it will give Tetevilopolis, a name for thecapitol of the state of Nebrashevil, as in the north west corner of the diagram. Then, continuing to number north and west, the last shire and vilfage will come out twenty north twenty west, Twetweshe and Twetwevil. Thus, the two first syllables of these counties and villages, tell how far they are from any boundary of the state and from each oth¬ er, and their two last syllables being the same as the terminating syllables of the name of the state in which they are situated, they tell themselves in what state they lie; so that a letter directed to either a ville or its shire will reach it without the addition of the name of the state. ( 6 ) The name proposed for the next state north of Nebrashevil, is taken from the Mandan Indians by affixing the first syllable of county, and terminating with burg; thus Mandankouburg Then to name the coun¬ ties, take the Latin names of the numbers, and from unus for one, the first county in its south east corner will be, to spell according to the sound of letters, Yuyukou for one north one west county, and Yuyu- burg for its town. Then Dedekou and Dedeburgopolis will be its central county and its capitol. For the next state west occupying the Yellow¬ stone river and valley, take the Blackfoot Indian name for a village, and some terra for county, append them to Yello for a state and their names for numbers for its counties and villages. And so on taking the names of some Indian tribe for Rokimonten the next state west. Then for Oregon, affix the Latin ager, for county and the Saxon ton, for town and change it to Oregonagerton, the state of agers and tons. Then, compound the Greek numbers, and the first county and village in its south east comer will come out Isisager, and Isiston; and in its center, Dedekager and Dedekatonopolis, for its capitol. Tlien, for California, the next state south afiix the Spanish words condado and villa for county and town, and it comes out Kaliforkovila state: then compound the Spanish names for numbers for its counties and towns. Then, for the state north of Oregon, take the words Vancouver, pretium and wick, and compound them into Vankuprewik for its name, and the numbers of some Indian tribe for its counties and towns. Then, for the stale east of California, take Colorado, urbs and plaza, and make Koloradurplaza. For the next state east, take Cordileras, koros and bury, and form Kor- dilekobury. For the next state east, embracing the valley of the upper Arkansas, belonging to the Indians, and which they now propose to erect into one of the states of the union, take the name Canadian of the largest branch of the Arkansas river, the French word comte for coun¬ ty, borough for town and compose the word Kanakoburo for its name. Then take the French numbers and the first county will be Ununko, and its town Ununburo; its central one will be Sanksanko, and its town Sanksanburopolis, the capitol of its state; and so on till it comes out Dis- diko for county and Disdiburo for its town. For Texas, the next state south, affix sity, and make it Teksasity state; then take the English numbers for the first syllables of its county and town names, and the Latin numbers for their second syllables, and Wuyunas will be the name of its south east corner county and Wuyusity its town; Tedesas will be its central county, and Tedesitopoiis its capital. In this way the land of all the earth may be laid off into states, and all their counties scientifically named. By laying them off at every seven degrees of longitude and gradually widening the parallels of lati¬ tude north and south from the equator, the same area is preserved through¬ out, but all the subdivisions should have a square shape. Necessity compelled the commencement at ninety five degrees west longitude from London and eighteen from Washington; so that the divisions come out with a fraction at both places. But this is of small moment, and in this new science of geography, the longitude of ninety five running through the center of North America, may become a preferable meridian. ( 7 ) But any people in any part of the earth, wishing to lay olF a state, county or township, can calculate from anJ aecord with the lines of the foregoing diagram of a section of the earth, and thus all its divisions will correspond and its lines meet as well as with those of other countries. IVere counties and townships surveyed in the same shape of the states in which they lie, they would be too oblong towards the equator and the poles. Hence, they are laid olF as nearly square in each state as the decreasing longitude toward the poles will admit. They will be a little narrower at the end toward the poles, and wider at that toward the equator. They will range in the parallels of latitude round the globe; but not meridionally, except in each state. In oblong states, they will exceed twenty miles one way and be under it the other. As the people deal mostly by counties and townships with each other, it is important that they should be square and bring each side equally near the center. Specimen of a scientific Geography of names of the Shires and Villes for the south east fourth of the proposed State of Ne~ brashevil, embracing the Platte and Kanzas river vallies. Teteshe, Tetevi LOPOLIS Nitevi!. Tenisli Ninislu reatslu 1 Tescshi | Tcsislu I Tefish Ceaivii (Tosevil, j Tesivil | Tefivi. Nlatshi 1 Niscshe 1 Sisislit I Nilishe Nialvil. 1 Nisovil, 1 Nisivil, 1 Nifivil irtfoshi 1 Telhreslii j Tetush( Tefuvi! iTethrevil iTctuvil NlWiilSithrlSKl Nlwa Nirovil.Uillirevil j Nituvil, Tewushe rewuvil, Niwushe Niwuvil, Attcsho Attevil, Alalshel Aiseshe 1 Alsishclxiifishe Ataivil,! Atsevil, j Atsivil,| Alfivil Aifoshe lAttlireshe] Attuslie Alfovil,lAtllirevil lAltuvil, Alwushe Atwuvil, Seieslit; Sctevii siXiL tseulshcjSescshe Seatvil Sesevil SusishijSuHslu Scsivil,! Sefivil Seibsht I telhreslii 1 Selushe Sefovil I Scihrevil j SeUiv'il, SewusliB Sewuvil, SiteviK Simslie Siatslii’|Si3C5lie|Sisislie | ailishu Siatvil. 1 Sisevil, 1 Sisivil, 1 Silivil. dilbshc 1 rfiihreslii 1 Siluslie SFovil,) Sithrevil.l Situvil, Siwushe SiwuvU, Pltesllt Pilevil, ipiiL Fiatshe 1 Kiscslu'l isislic FiatvilJ Fiscvilj Fisivil, FilislR Fifivil, Fifoslm IFillireshci Fiiushe | Fiwushe FifoviljFithrevil.jFituvil, | Fiwuvil, Fotcslie] Potcvil. 1 Fonivil. Foatslallo l lujtOM In. FoalvillFoscvilJPosiviK Fotishc Fofivil, rolbslii U«'ollircbhe| Koiusiic Fofovil tFolhreviljFoluvil. Fowushe Fowuvil, Th’ieslie Tli’elevil I'li’nislie Thr’nivii i'hatslii|rh’3’3li’|i'li’sisli Th’atvijTh’l-villThVivi t'li’hsh rii’Bvit rht;fovillTlir’th’vi’lThr’tuvi!| Threwuvil Tuteshe Tutevil. T«| 1 Tanivil, T„at3l.c Tuatvil TuseslitjTusisl) Tiisev'iilTiisivi! Tufishi Tiifivil. Tufoshej f’thr’she TutusheJ Tuwushe Tufovil.lTiithrevillTuttivil, 1 Tiiwuvil, VVuteslie^ WulevUj [Wumsli’ [Wnnivil, VViiaisl)! Wuscshj VVusishj VVulish Wuatviv'WuscvillWusivtl|Wufivil Wulosh Wuih’slie Wuthr’vi! Wulushel Wuwushe Wutuvil,! Wuwuvil, The following diagram exhibits a county as subdivided into its nine ' townships and the mode of naming them. It is also the first and south ! east corner county of Nebrashevil state, and called Wuwushe and its county seat Wuwuvil, being also a town for its eentral township. Its i eight other townships and their towns are named by the cardinal points I to which they lie from the central one. Thus, the township north is ( 8 ) called Northtownship and its villa Nortlitown; the others Noreastownship and town, Eastownship and town, Soueastownship and town, Southtown- ship and town, Souwestownship and town, Westow'nship and town, and Norwestownship and town, as fully written in the diagram. WaiDitsliB County with names for its townships and towns. Norwestownship, 0 Norwestown. i Northtownship, j Nortlitown. Ij Noreastownship, Noreastown. w w m m ^ . 1 Westownship, j Westown. Centertownship, 0 ' WUWUVIL. ' Eastownship, Eastown. ■ I Souwestownship, i 0 I Souwestown. ' il Soutlitownship, 0 Southtown. : Soueastownship, 0 Southeastown. The above is proposed as the mode of naming the townships and theit towns in all the counties of all the states of the earth. This mode of naming them hy the cardinal points, tells in what part of the county they lie, as the mode of naming counties shows in wdiat part and dis¬ tance they are- situated in each state, and the manner again of naming states, indicates in what part of the world they are found. The following diagram of a township six miles square, shows the mode again of dividing it into thirty six sections of one mile square, of naming them by their numbers hegining in its north east and ending in its south east corner; and of subdividing and naming them the north east, north west, south east and south west quarter sections of one hun- dred and sixty acres, is now the practice in surveying the public lands. ( 10 ) bers from the Park outwards. The lots vary in size from the Park, are] This plan for a torrnship and village, is adapted to any form society may assume, association as well as the isolated national reform system, j The mode here proposed for dividing the world into proper sized states, | counties, townships, sections, quarter sections and lots, constitutes a sci-j entific geography of the earth, and will be essentially necessary to thej attainment of all man’s rights in the era of equality. That each man! and association may demand their due proportion of the earth, it must be regularly surveyed; which can be done in any part of it, and yet all the lines will eventually close, by surveying from corners pointed out by the stars of heaven! The lines will thus meet within a few rods. The attention of the Surveyor General of the public lands, is called: to these plans as an improvement to the present mode of surveying them. Why should not the public surveyors, at the same time they are estab- lishing base and meridional lines, make them also the boundary of states? Why, at the same time they lay off townships, not return every nine as being in a certain count}-, and why not lay off also in the center or as near as possible in each township, a section into village lots, and thus cut off all that speculation and dissention in settling county boundaries and seats so prevalent in new states? ( 11 ) PROPOSED CONSTITUTION FOR NEBRASHEVIL OR ANY OTHER STATE. Akticle 1. We, the People of the State of Nebrashevil, in our own proper Persons assembled, solemnly declare that eqoalitt, iNDiviDUAurr and inalienableness are the three great essential properties of a right, and that liberty therefore, is the practice and enjoy¬ ment of all mankind in proper PERSON of an equal, indimdual and imlienaUe right to Sovereignty, Life, Labor, Domain and Products: so that there shall be no delegated government, slave or hired life and labor, landlordry and tenure, or prolitmongery.“ Article 2. ; That all legislative power shall be exercised by the People of both sexes, by direct jspeech and vote in their proper persons only in Township Assemblies; and that the ma- Ijority of their wills throughout the State shall become constitutional or bye law: that all ljudiciary power shall be exercised by the People of the Township in which the contest g except by arbitrators in minor cases; and that all executive power shall be ex- by the People through an expressly instructed committee of philanthropic citizens lapitol, negotiating with other nations and e.xercising their own wills only in cases rgency. ! Article 3. j That all life-protecting power and duty shall he exercised by every man in properly jarmed person, and not by a hired-soldier substitute; so that those of the locality in- jvaded shall repel the invaders in self-defence from their homesteads, while rapidly rein- iforced, and thus soon end the war without creating a labor-taxing national debt. ! Article 4. j That all labor or production shall be performed as the right and duty of every man in proper person with his own hands and not by slaves or hirelings; nor shall there be any junproductive labor, except where unavoidable, and that all labor shall be valued equally laccording to the time employed without regard to the labor-saving power of machinery. j Article 5. I That all mankind are entitled by act of existence and by their natural wants and pow- jiers of production being the same to an equal, individual and inalienable homestead up- jon the earth; and that to define each man’s share of the domain, the state shall extend j'from thirty seven to forty two degrees of north latitude and from ninety five to one hun¬ dred and two degrees of west longitude from London, and shall be forever divided into Ifour hundred Counties eighteen miles square, each subdivided into nine Townships six imiles square, and each also subdivided into one hundred and forty Farms of one hun- idred and sixty acres each and forty mechanic Lots, so that there shall be one for each Tamily and which shall never be alienated by any liability, but only exchanged for each ..other; and that may he divided for married children into giiarfcr quarter sections or lots, jjor else emigrate to vacant quarter sections or lots, j Article 6. j] That for the purpose of producing an assortment of the necessaries of life, all em- I ployments shall be properly apportioned in each Township, and the surplus products |je,xchanged for each other in the Town marts upon the equitable principle of equal time ; of labor for labor. i Lewis Cass, President, j Robt. j. Walker, Secrelary. FORM OP DEEDS. j When all mankind become reinstated in their right to an inalienable homestead and jeach laboring only with his own hands, there can be no monopoly of domain even if the : 'principle was just; for who would work so much harder than his neighbor to get means ' ■ to buy his homestead, when he could neither cultivate nor lease it? There can then be lino trading but that of a selection of one’s share from any unoccupied domain, of ex- I changing for that of another or of purchasing by a landless person. This doctrine will .[require a variation ofthe forms of conveyance, and the following are proposed, i ; THIS DEED OF SELECTED DOMAIdf, certifies that John Windt, in consider- , 1 ation of his inalienable right of Domain, and in presence of tlie People in Township 12 ) Assembly, has sdeded the unoccupied North East Cluarter of Section One, in Nor- easlonmship,ofWuivnsheCounty andNebrashevil State, for the purposes ol occupation: and culth'ation: (or nhere homesteads are exchanged, THIS DEED OF EXCHAJ^G- • ED DOMAIX", certifies that the above named tract is exchanged for that of Geo; H. ; Etass, it being the North West duarter of the same Section, Township, County and I State orsold as the case may be*) TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the above described domain for his own use by occu¬ pation and cultivation; but with no right to lease o; to mortgage it to another. And thePeople ofsaidTownship hereby FOREVER WARRANT and DEFEND ^ bis right to the said domain against tire claims of all and every person. In testimony of which, the said Township Assembly has this 4th day of July, 1S48, and in the first year of the be^ning of the era of equality, ordered the chairuiau and secretary to sign their names, affix tlie seal of the said Township and to record it in the archives of the Township Hall. James K. Polk, Chairman. Thomas H. Bestos, Sccrelwry. j PLAN FOR SETTLING NEBRASHEVIL OR OTHER STATES. If the plan here proposed for surveying the public lands into states, counties, town¬ ships, Ac., be adopted by government, every settler will know in what one of them he is locating; but if unsurveyed, the latitudeand longitude will give the bounds of tbclown- ship within a few rods, so that the subdivisions will correspond and their farms will not be divided when the government survey takes place. -“^et ourslalesmen urge ihe enactment of a law to survey all our unsettled territory as well as that of Me.xico according to some such plan as here proposed, and it will save the manufactory of a cart load of statutes every century. Let them invite every landless American, Msiican, Indian, AVhite or Black Slave throughout the earth to claim his right to an equal, individual and inalienable homestead upon these lands. /This would soon add fifteen new slates to the Union and tend to the introduction 6f the system throughout the earth. The nineteenth century would produce the first real philan¬ thropic lesislature that legislated for the property producer and the universal rights of: man—the'eriginator of the era of equality, of a new civilization. lET Let the National Reformers also continue to pioneer in this reform by selecting this proposed state of Ntbrashevil and commence settling it upon some such principles as proposed in these plans and views. There appears nothing in the constitution of s the United Slates that prcbibils the establishment ofTerritorial governments upon suchj' principles; which will then become states with their constitutions already in opei ation, to be confirmed and amended by the requisite number of inhabitants. j The Territory of Nebtashevil is particularly recommended for the settlement ofNa- r; tional Refoimers. It lies mostly upon the first table land two thousand feet higher thanr the Mississippi, ascending towards the rocky mountains, and above the fever re- i 0on. That part embracing the Kanzas river valley has its streams skirted by forests interspersed with groves of ash with intervening prairies bordered with rose bushes and ■ covered with a superior grass for grazing to the coarse one of the country below. Will then the landless producers of all the wealth of the earth continue to drudge for;, starvation wages, when there aresuch inviting countries belong'ng to them? Oh I could i weep for theirlong-suS'.ringignorance,thata simple vote would give tlrein a decent home, ’ and that the intelligence of so many of our statesmen is so little above theirs as not to know Ihereal nature of rights; that they should grant exclitsive privileges to capital and not even just rights to labor; that they should scant sixty miles broad to the Pactfic,, of the landless People’s lands instead of appropriating a sum to commence the road, fire proceeds of which would complete.it from the immense transporUrtion which the sys-; tem here proposed would introduce, and then by all equally paid for material and labor. ' No disrespect, but honor is here intended by using the names of several of our: public men. to draw their attention to the subject ofintri'ducing measures that will real¬ ly redeem the whole human race from the heU of non-producing property accumulators, i;