mtljfCitpofllfttJgork THE LIBRARIES -{C^^„ m •$» ^ «$» «w» «$'» f^ »$» «$» «$' •$* '3' "^ '^ *?" J|)e episcopate in Qlmcrira : : f^ rm «^ iw» «w» f$» «$> «$i «$» i$» •$» tm •^ •?» «$' *w» ^Utc\)tSy Btograpljical and Bib^ Uograpl)ical, of tlje Bi0l)op0 of tl)e :Hmcrican Cljurcl), toitl) a larclimmarp €0sap on tlje i^istoric episcopate and SDoeumentarp :?lnnal0 oftl)e introduction of tl)e :^nglican line of succession into;?lmertca "Bijiljop of 9iOtoa, aiib l^istoriograpljrr of tl^r American Cljurcl^ fwi Mfl fiw w» fTrt f$» wfl tm w» fiTO w» OTrt wfl wfl »m» »fc «$» ^ubjjcription CDition CTS €$» tm fj« «W» «$» «W» €$»«$»«$»!$»•$» «$» l$» «$» «$» «$» €l)c Clirijstiau literature Co. S0Dcccrct) Copyright, 1895, By The Cmkishan Litf.rahre Company. CONTENTS. PAGE Advertisement vii PUKKACE ix Introduci ION xi Biographies: . Samuel Seabury I . William Wliite 5 Samuel Provoost 9 James Madison 11 Tliomas John Claggett I^^ Rol^ert Smith 15 Edward Bass 17 Abraham Jarvis ig Benjamin Moore 21 Samuel Parker 23 . John Henry Hobart 25 Alexander Viets Griswold 2q Theodore Dehon 31 Richard Channing Moore t^t, James Kemp 35 John Croes 37 Nathaniel Bowen 39 Philander Chase 41 Thomas Church Brownell 45 John Stark Ravenscroft 47 Henry Ustick Onderdonk 49 William Meade 5 1 William Murray Stone 53 , Benjamin Tredvvell Onderdonk 55 Levi Silliman Ives. 57 ,_ John Henry Hopkins 59 Benjamin Bosworth Smith 63 Charles Pettit Mcllvaine 65 George Washington Doane ^"1 James Hervey Otey '19 Jackson Kemper 7 ' Samuel Allen McCoskry 7,? Leonidas Polk ... 75 William Heathcote De Lancey 77 Christopher Edwards Gadsden 79 COXIJiNTS. PACE Willi^mi Ri)lliiison Wliittinyliam 8i Steplien ICUiott 83 Alfred Lee 85 John Johns 87 Manton Kastburn 8g John Prentiss Kewley Henshaw 91 Carlton Chase 93 Nicholas Hamner Cobbs 95 Cicero Stephens Hawks 97 William Jones Hoone 99 George Washington Freeman loi Horatio Southgate 103 Alonzo I'otler 105 George Hurgess 107 CJecirge Upfold 109 William Mercer Green in John Payne 113 Francis Huger Kutledge 1 1 5 John Williams 117 Henry John Whitehouse 119 Jonathan Mayhcw Wainwright 121 Thomas Frederick Davis 123 Thomas Atkinson 12; William Ingraham Kip 127 Thomas Fielding Scott 1 29 Henry Washington Lee 131 Horatio Potter 133 Thomas ^L^rch Clark 135 Samuel Bowman 137 Alexander Gregg 139 William Henry Odenheimer 141 Gregory Thurston Bedell 143 Henry Benjamin Whipple 145 Henry Champlin Lay 147 Joseph Cruikshank Talbot 149 William Bacon Stevens 151 Richard Hooker Wilmer 155 Thomas Hubbard Vail 157 Arthur Cleveland Coxe 159 Charles Todd Quintard 163 Robert Harper Clarkson 165 George Maxwell Randall 167 John Barrett Kerfoot 169 Channing Moore Williams Joseph Pere Bell Wilmer George David Cummins 17 William Edmon; Leigh Richmond Brewer 267 John Adams Paddock 269 Cortlandt Whitehead 271 Hugh Mdler Thompson 273 David Buel Knickerbacker 275 , Henry Codman Potter 277 Alfred Magill Randolph 279 William David Walker 281 ^^ii ADl-ER IISKME.XT. those will) would never sit fry of the struggle for the episcopate, to record bricfl}- the Ii\es of the bish- ops of the United States, and to furnish comprehensive lists of their literary works, is the object of this work. The dry skeleton of dates and facts has been clothed with such incidents and remarks as shall afford to the reader an understanding of their characters and the circumstances molding and influencing their lives. This has been attempted in the spirit of historical impartiality. The effort has been made to supply the means for correctly estimating both the men and the measures marking their official careers. Besides the biographical sketches of the nearl)' two hundred priests who ha\e been called to the office and administration of a bishi.ip in the Church of God, we gi\'e, somewhat in detail, the story of the efforts, dating back to the early days of American discovery and settlement, made in this land and across the sea to secure for the colonial Church the completion of the three orders of the min- istry, and the privilege and power of self- reproduction and self-rule. To this we add the documents which gi\-e the succession of the American bishops, connecting them through Aberileen and Lam- beth with the see of Canterbury, and back to the a]iostles and to the great Shepherd and Bishop of souls. An essa\- on "The His- toric Episcopate " is added, embracing in simple statement and in the briefest possible compass the results of the latest scholarship respecting this question. The pur]jose of this paper is to give to those who are seeking a basis for Church unit>- an authoritative presentation of the Chicago-Lambeth propositions, and a defense of the position taken therein. There are papers on the episcopal suc- cession in the Roman Catholic Church in the United States and on the Methodist " superintendenc}' " of America, of which latter Thomas X 'I'llE EriSCOriTE IX AMERICA. Coke, LL.D., and I'raiicis Ashiiry were tlie first appoiiitmeiUs by the foiiiuler of Methutlism, John Wesley. The intelligent reader will find in these pages much to con\ince him that the episcopate in the United States, like that of other da\s and in other lands, has maintaineil the dignity of the order, and b)- labors, devotion, and consecrated lixes has well and wiseh' ruled that portion of the Holy Catholic Church committed to its charge. Of these men of God it can truly be affirmed that their learning, their labors, their liscs, will be found to have been freel}', fiiUv gi\'en/;v salute hoiinnnin ct pro ccclesia Dei. Bishop's House, Davkni'oki, I.\., Fea-st of the Ascension, a.d. 1895. INTRODUCTION. THE HISTORIC EPISCOPATE. The critical examination vi the New Testament writings for notices of the polity of the kinmlum of hea\en Christ set up when tabernacled in the flesh |)laiiily indicates that the ultimate earthly authority there recognized was that exercised by the apostles, in the name of, and as representing, their Master, their Lord, their King, and that the means for the transmission of this authority was by the imposition of apostolic hands. The Church already existed. The kingdom of heaven had long had its rulers and its rules. In other words, the principle of individual overseership or episcopacy, exercised by the apostles first, and by apostolic delegates afterward, and gradually taking shape in most easily recognized and definite form, is found in the New Testament Scriptures as an existing fact, while we ma\- search their pages in \'ain for any indication of the principle of presbyterian parity or of congregational democracy. Few and scattered as are the New Testament allusions to the polity of the Church in the da\-s in which the ajiostles were still present on the earth, the trend of each and all of these passages is evident. The source of power in the Church was not from the people or of the people; it was from above; and in these scanty notices we see apostolic rule gradually merging into episcopal authorit}- and power. The exercise of the commission of their Master — " As the Father hath sent Me, e\'en so send 1 \'ou " — by the Twehe, chosen not by the company of believers, but by the Lord Himself; the solemn in- vestiture of Matthias — not by the people, but by the Eleven acting under divine guidance — with the office from which Judas tell ; the choice of the great apostle to the Gentiles by the Head of the Church Himself — " an apostle, not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father"; ' the headship of the Church at Jerusalem, as well as the title of " apostle," so plainly accorded xii rilE lU'ISCOPA'J E l.\ AMERICA. by St. I'aiil to "James, tlie Lord's brother," wlio was evideiUl\- not one of the Twche ; the absence of any hint that the apostolate w as to be limited to the Twelve, and, on the other hand, the application of the title to Barnabas,' to Andronicns and Junia,-' probably to Sil- vaniis,^ and to others by St. Paul ; the condemnation of " false ajjos- tles " ; the committal by St. Paul of the charge of the Churches he had founded to Timotliy and Titus ; the latest messages of tlie Head of the Church, not to the people, but to the rulers, the " angels," the individually responsible heads of the apocalyptic Churches — these are each and all parts of that vast network of scriptural testimony uniting with its countless meshes the Church's chief Shepherd and ]iishop of souls with the threefold ministry and the polity of the kingdom of hea\en which, ere the death of the last of the apostles, St. John, was universally established throughout the Church of Christ. 1 1 is the judgment of Dr. l.ightfoot, late bisho]) of Durham, that " history seems to show decisi\el_\- that before the middle of the second century each church or organized Christian community had its three orders of ministers — its bishop, its presb\-ters, and its dea- cons. On this point there cannot reasonably be two opinions." ■* The same distinguished scholar, in commenting on the position oc- cupied by St. James, the brother of the Lord, in the Church of Jerusalem, after expressing his conviction that " he was not one of the Twelve," asserts that " the episcopal office thus existed in the mother-church of Jerusalem from very earl}- days, at least in a rudi- mentary form " ;•' while the government of the Gentile churches, I " The apostlesliip of Barnalias is l)cyoiul (jucstion. St. I. like records his consecra- tion to the office as takins; phice at the same time wiili, and in the same manner as, ."^t. Paul's (Acts xiii. 2, 3). In his account of tlieir missionary labors he again names them together as ' apostles,' even mentioning Barnabas first (.\cts .\iv. 4, 14). St. Paul himself also in two different epistles uses similar lang;iage. In the (lalatian letter he speaks of Barnabas as associated with himself in the ajiostleship of the Gentiles (ii. 9); in the first to the Corinthians he claims for his fellow-laborer all the ]>rivikges of an apostle, as one who, like himself, holds the office of an apostle and is doing the work of an ajiostle (ix. 5, 6). If, therefore, St. Paul has held a larger place than Barnabas in the gratitude and veneration of the Church of all ages, this is due, not to any superiority of rank or office, but to the ascendancy of his personal gifts, a mere intense energy and self-devotion, wider and deeper sympathies, a firmer intellectual grasp, a larger measure of the spirit of Christ." — Bisliop Lightfoot's " Hpistle to the Calatians," pp. 96, 97. - " On the most natural interpretation of a jiassage in the F.pistle to the Romans (xvi. 7), .Andronicus and Junia, two Christians otherwise unknown to us, are called distinguished members of the a]iostolate — language which indirectly implies a very considerable exten- sion of the term." — Ihid., p. 95. 3 " In I Thessalonians ii. 6, again, where ... he speaks of the disinterested labors of himself and his colleagues, adding, ' though -ir might have been burdensome to you, being apostles of Clirist,' it is ])robai)lethat under this term he includes .Silvanus, who had labored with him in Thessalonica, and whose name appears in the superscription of the let- ter." — Ibid. * Bishop I.ightfoot's " Dissertation on the Christian Ministry," a|i|)ended to his " Com- mentary on the Phili|ipians," p. 184. 5 /iid., p. 196. /X'JKODrCTJOX. xiii though presenting no distinct traces uf a similar (jryanization, ex- hibits " stages of development tending in this direction." ' Light- foot, who discusses this subject with singular moderation and fair- ness, concedes that the ijosition occupied by Timotln- and Titus, whom he styles " apostolic delegates," " fairh' represents the func- tions of the bishop early in the second centur)*."'-' I{\'en admitting with Lightfoot that " James, the Lord's brother, alone, within the period compassed by the apostolic writings, can claim to be re- garded as a bishop in the later and more sj^ecial sense of the term," and that " as late, therefore, as the year 70 no distinct signs of epis- copal government ha\"e appeared in Gentile Christendom," still it must be acknowledged, in the language of the same authorit}', that " unless we have recourse to a sweeping condemnation of received documents, it seems \'ain to den)- that early in the second centur)- the episcopal office was firmly antl wiilely established. Thus, dur- ing the last three decatles of the first century, and consequently during the lifetime of the latest sur\'i\ing apostle, this change must have been brought about."-' Again and again dues this great scholar refer to the fact •{ Christ."' With this cumulative presentation of the proofs of the historic episcopate from the writings of the leading .scholar of the age, we may be prepared for the bishop's summing up of the whole matter among the clo.sing words of his " Di.s.sertation on the Chris- tian Ministry " : " If the preceding investigation is substantially cor- 1 Li-htf.iot's " Christian Mini-trv." p. nVx - Ihi.l., p. \c^~. 3 Iln.l., p. 199. 1 Ihid., p. 212. 5 //,„/., pp. 225. 226. e //'/,/., p. 232. " Ihid. xiv riiE /■:/•! SCO PA J/-: /.v amehica. rect, the threefold ministry can be traced to apostolic direction ; and short of an express statement we can possess no better assurance of a divine appointment, or at least a divine sanction." ' In e\'en stronger language, in his sermon before the Wolverhampton Church Congress, he asserts that the Church of England has " retained a from of church government which had been handed down in un- broken continuity from the apostles' times." With these statements and these proofs the language of the Ordinal of the Book of Common Prayer is in strict accord: " It is evident unto all men diligently reading Holy Scripture and ancient authors that from the apostles' time there have been these three orders of ministers in Christ's Church — bishops, priests, and dea- cons." The full meaning of this statement appears in the fact that it is the requirement of the canon law of the Church, as well as of the Ordinal, that " no man shall be accounted or taken to be a law- ful bishop, jiriest, or deacon, in this Church, or suffered to execute any of the said functions, except he be called, tried, examined, and admitted thereunto according to tlie form hereafter following, or hath iiad episcopal consecration or ordination." In the judgment of Liglufoot, as e\'identl\" in the intention of the Ordinal, the " his- torical episcopate " includes the apostolical succession — the threefold ministry communicated by the imposition of hands and continued " in unbroken continuity from the apostles' times." To quote the language of Mr. Gladstone: " In the latter part of the second century of the Christian era the subject " of the apos- tolical succession " came into distinct and formal view ; and from that time forward it seems to have been considered by the great writers of the Catholic body a fact too jjalpable to be doubted, rmd too simple to be misunderstood." - \Ve have thus far dealt merel)- with the proofs of the historic episcopate as indicated in the New Testament and as existing dur- ing the lifetime of St. John. We turn to the witness of history to the fact that our Lord instituted in His Church, by succession from the apostles, a threefold ministry, the highest order of these minis- ters alone having the authority and ])ower to perjietuate this min- istr_\- by the la}-ing on of hands. The Church of Jerusalem, the mother of us all, as we have al- ready seen, presents the earliest instance of a bishop in the sense in which the word was understood in post-apostolic times. The rule and ofificial ])rominence of St. James, " the Lord's brother," is recognized both in the Iv[)istles of St. Paul and in the Acts of the Apostles. That which is so ]ilainly indicated in the canonical Scrip- tures is supported by the uniform tradition of the succeeding age. ' Lightfoot's " Christian Ministry," p- 265. 2 Gladstone's " Chuvcli Principles Considered in their Results," p. 1S9. /.vyA'o/)C'cyvo.v. xv On tlie death of St. James, wliich took place immediately before the war of Vespasian, Symeon succeeded to his place and rule. Hegesippus, who is our authority for this statement, and who rep- resents Symeon as holding the same office with St. James, and with equal distinctness styles him a bishop, was doubtless born ere Sym- eon died. Eusebius gives us a list of Symeon's successors. In less than thirty years — such were the troubles and uncertainties of the times — there appear to ha\'e been thirt\- occupants of the see. On the building of ^^Llia Capitolina on the ruins of Jerusalem, Mar- cus presided over the Church in the holy city as its first Gentile bishop. Narcissus, who became bishop of Jerusalem in the year I go, is referred to by Alexander, in whose fa\or he resigned his see in the \-ear 214, as still lix'ing at the age of one hundred and sixteen — thus in this single instance bridging over the period from the time when the Apostle John was still li\-ing to the date when, by universal consent, it is conceded that episcopacy was establishetl in all quarters of the world. Passing from the mother-church of Jerusalem to ;\ntioch, where the disciples were first called Christians, and which may be regarded as the natural center of Gentile Christianity, we find from tradition that Antioch received its first bishop from St. Peter. We need not discuss the probabilities of this story, since there can be no doubt as to the name standing second on the list. Ignatius is mentioned as a bishop by the earliest authors. His own language is conclusive as to his own conviction on this point. He writes to one bishop, Polycarp. He refers by name to another, Onesimus. He contem- plates the appointment of his successor at Antioch after his decease. The successor whose appointment Ignatius anticipated is said by liusebius to have been Hero, and from his episcopate the list of ^Antiochian bishops is complete. If the authenticity of the entire catalogue is questionable, two bishops of .Antioch at least, during the second centur}-, Theophilus and Serapion, are confessedly his- torical personages. With reference to the epistles of Ignatius con- troversy has raged for centuries. Their outspoken testimony in favor of episcopac\- has been regarded by the ad\-ocates of parity or of independenc\- as a [jroof of their want of authenticit}'. I'uit the discussion has been practically settled in our i>\vn tlay, and the judgment of Lightfoot, the latest and greatest commentator on these interesting remains of Christian antiquity, will be received without question by all whose opinion is worth}- of consideration. He assigns these epistles to the earliest \-ears of the second century, and he regards the testimony of Ignatius to the existence and uni- versality of the threefold mini.stry at the period in which he lived and wrote as conclusive. The celebrated German critic and scholar. Dr. Harnack, who characterizes Lightfoot's work as " the most xvi riir. EJ' I SCO PA IE E\ AMERICA. learned and careful patristic monoLjrapli of the ceiitiir\-," accepts the c jnckisioiis of the bishop, and concedes that the genuineness of the Ignatian letters is rendered "certain." With such a witness, thus supported by scliolars confessedly occupying the foremost place for learning and critical power, we may proceed to details. In the Ignatian letters, the writer, the second bishop of Antioch, appears as a condemned prisoner traveling through Asia to his mar- tyrdom at Rt)me. Though each step of his progress brought him nearer to death ; though the severity of his guard — " a manii)le of ten soldiers," whom he designates as " leopards " — makes his last days wretchedly uncomfortable, still his journey is a triumph. On his arrival at Smyrna rcpresentati\es of the churches of Kjjhesus, Magnesia, ;uul Tralles unite with the flock of Polycarp, the bishop of Sm)'rna, to do him honor. During his stay at Smyrna the aged bishoj) aildresses four of his extant epistles to the Ephesians, to tl;e Magnesians, to the Trallians, and to the Romans. The remaining three epistles, those to the Churches of Philadelphia and Sm_\-rna, and to Pol}'carp, the bishop of the latter, were written from Troas, w hither a deacon from Ephesus had borne him company. The saint proceeds from Neapolis to Philippi, where he is welcomed by the ChurcJi and escorted on his way, and thus he goes toward Rome. Thougii, in his modesty, choosing to speak of himself as " only now beginning to be a disciple," the nearness to the end e\idciUl_\- bringing to him new revelations of spiritual things and the life to come, lie acts and writes as a man ad\'anced in years. Doubtless he was near to man's estate when the great apostle wrote his epistles. He must have been in full maturity when Jerusalem was trodden underfoot of the Gentiles and the Church was dri\-en from its cradle- home. He in whose life all this had transpired was now on his way to death. He fully realized tiiat the end was near at hand. His days were numbered, and in his epistles he appears to have sought to crowd counsels of the highest moment, the dying legacy of one whose voice would soon be forever hnslu-d in death. The points this aged saint chiefly dwells upon are two — the doctrine of the Incarnation as an historic fact, as perpetuated in sacraments, as a fundamental principle of the faith ; and the threefold ministry, the di\inely given rule for the Church, by whicli the Church itself would be recognized, and tile religion of tin.' Christ made known as something organic, real, lasting, disci])lined. In his statements oi the prerogative of the threefold ministry Ignatius is emphatic: "It is meet, therefore, . . . that being ])er- fectly joined together in one submission, submitting \-ourselves to your bishop and presbytery, ye may be sanctified in all things." ^ 1 " .All F.pli.," 2. In our citations we avail ourselves of IJisliop I.iglufoot's transia- /X7A'0/HC770.V. xvii " I was forward to exhort you, that ye run in harmony with the mintl of God; for Jesus Christ als.i, our inseparable lite, is tlie mind of the Father, even as the liishnps tiiat are settled in the f.irthest parts of the earth are in tlie mind nf Je^us Christ. So then it he- cometh you to run in harninny with the mind ol the bishi>ii, which thiiv^ also ye do. For \'our lionorable presbytery, which is wm'thy of God, is attuned to the bisiiop, even as its strings to a lyre." ' " Let no man be decei\'ed. If an)- one be not within the precinct of the aUar, he lacketh the bread [of God]. ]*"nr, if the jn-axcr of one and another hath so great force, how much more that of the bishop and of the whole Ciiurch! . . . Let us therefore be careful not to resist the bishup, tiiat by our submission we may give our- selves to (jod. .And in proportion as a man seeth that his bishop is silent, let him fe.ir him the more, h'or e\ery one whom the Master of the household sendeth to Ijc steward o\er His own house we ought so to recei\-e as llim that sent him. Plainly, therefore, we ought to regard the bishoj) as the Lord Himself." - " Assemble yoursel\-es together, . . . to the end that ye may obey the bishop and the presbyter)' without distraction ot mind; breaking one bread, which is the medicine of immortalit)' and the antidote that we should not die." '' " Forasmuch, then, as I was permitted to see )-ou in the person of your godly bishop, FJamas, and )-our worth)- presb)-ters, Bassus and Apollonius, and m\- fellow-servant the deacon, Sotion, ot whom I would fain have joy, for that he is subject to the bishop as unto the grace of God, ami to the presb)ler)- as unto the law ot Jesus Christ. Yea, and it becometh \-ou also n(.)t to presume upon the youth of your bishop, but according to the power of God the leather to render unto him all re\erence ; . . . )et not to him, but to the Father of Jesus Christ, even to the liislio].) of all. . . . For a man does not so much deceive this bishop, who is seen, as cheat that other who is invisible." * " Be ye zealous to d(} all things in godly accord, the bishop presid- ing after the likene.s'^ of God, and the presbxters after the likeness of the council of the apostles, with the deacons also who are most dear to me, having been intrusted with the tliaconate of Jesus Christ."'' "When ye are obedient to the bishop as to Jesus Christ, it is evident to me that ye are living, not after men, but alter Jesus Christ. ... It is therefore necessar)-, e\en as )-our wont is, that you should do nothing without the bish(q); but be )e obedient also to the presbytery, as to the apo.stles. . . . x\nd those likewise who are deacons of the mysteries of Jesus Christ must please all men in all ways. ... In like manner let all men respect the deacons as 1 •• .\a T'.iih..- ?. 4. ■-' //■/./., V 6. ■■> //"./., 20. * " .\<1 Mai;ii.," 2, 5. 5 //,„/., 6. xviii THE EnsCOr.lTE EV AMEKICA. Jesus Clirist, even as they should respect the bishop as being a type of the Father, and the presbyters as the council of God and as the colle;4e of apostles. Apart from these there is nt>t even the name of a Cluirch." ' " l-"or as many as are of God and of Jesus Christ, they are with the liishop ; and as many as shall repent and enter into the unity of the Church, these also shall be of God. . . . Ik' ye careful, there- fore, to observe one eucharist, for there is one flesh of our Lord Jesus Christ and one cup unto union in His blood; there is one altar, as there is one bishop, together with the presbytery and the deacons, my fellow-ser\ants." - " Shun di\isions as the beginning of e\iis. Uo \c all follow your bishop as Jesus Christ followed the Father, and the presbytery as the a|jostles ; and to the deacons pay respect, as to God's command- ment. Let no man do aught of tilings pertaining to the Church apart from the bishop. Let that be held a valid eucharist which is under the bishop, or one to whom he shall ha\e committed it. \\'heresoe\er the bishop shall appear, there let the people be; even as where Jesus may be, there is the universal Church. It is not lawful apart from the bishop either to baptize or to hold a love- feast, but whatever he shall aj^provc ; this is well pleasing also to Gnd, that everything which ye do ma\- be sure and \alid."'' " It is good to recognize God and the bishop. He that honoreth the bishop is honored of God. He that doeth aught without the knowledge of the bishop rendereth service to the devil." ^ Tiiere can be no question that the writer of these extracts held clear and well-defined views bntli as to the existence of a \isible, organized Church of Christ, and a threefold, dixinely authorized ministry ruling that Cluirch. This he deems to he the "mind of God " ; this is the " commandment " ; and so fully does he hold this view that in his dying counsels he eni])Iiasized the idea that he who would keep the " commandment " and run in accord with the divine mind must lose sight of his very individuality in the fellowshiji of the Church, and unhesitating!)- and without reserve submit himself in action, word, or purpose to the divinely appointed rule and order of the Church. \or is this all. He regards the threefold ministry as essential to the very being of the Church ; for, to quote his own words, as rendered by Lightfoot, " without these three orders no church has a title to the name."^ This hierarchy, tliis monarchical episcopate, this established and divinely authorized rule in the king- dom of God, the aged bisho]> of Antioch regards as " firmly rooted." as "beyond dispute," and as coextensi\e with the Church. He speaks of bishops as established in " the farthest parts of the earth," " 1 " .\.l Trail.," 2, ?. -' " .\.l Philad.," ^ 4. 3 " Ad .Smvrn.," 8. 1 //W.,9. ■ "." .All Trail.," 3. « " Ad Epl'i.," 3. /xvKonrcTjox. xix and it is evident from his languaice tliat, in iiis judLjnient, the epis- copate is not an evolution fr/)CV77u.\: xxi rethren in the other States for the fiirm- 1 Perry's " Historical Notes and Documents," p. 40. 2 This evidently refers to the election of Seabury by the Connecticut clergy and the efforts already made abroad to secure his consecration. 3 Perry's " Historical Notes and Documents," p. 60. xxiv THE El'ISVOrATE L\ AMERICA. ing a general constitution for the continent, which we think should be attempted before we venture to form a constitution for this State in ])articular. . . . The independence asserted is intended in the most unlimited sense; but we do not think this precludes us from procuring a bishop from England, he becoming on his arrival a citizen of the L'nited States. I'ro))er measures for ]>rocuring an episcopate we wish to see taken at the ensuing meeting in New York ; but as to his support, I know no source for it but a jiarochial living." 1 Tlie clergy of Massacluisetts and Rhode I.sland, under the gui- dance of Parker, adopted the Pennsylvania Fundamental Principles with slight additions, the first of these expressing " the opinion of the Convention that this independence be not construed or taken in so rigorous a sense as to e.xchule the churches in America, separately or coUectivel)-, from applying for and obtaining from some regular episcopal foreign power an American episcopate." - In tile letter accompanying the minutes of this Convention, which, though signed by the moderator, the Rev. J. Graves, is in the hand- writing and is evidently the composition of Parker, the position respecting the episcopate expressed in the resolution is further emphasized : ■' .\s to the mode of obtaining \vh:it wc stand in such need of, we wish above all things to procure it in the most regular m.inncr, and jiarticularly from our mother-church in England. Whether any of the bishops in England or Ireland would consecrate a per- son chosen among ourselves and sent there for that ]>urpose, without a mandate from the king of England or the authority of her Parliament, we are at a loss to determine ; but we have no doubt that a regular application made by a representative body of the Episcopal churches in .-\merica would easily obtain a consecrated head, and in order to do this we earnestly wish a mode of applying in some such way as may be immediately adopted by the .'Vmerican churches. " We are of the opinion th.at we ought to leave no means untried to procure a regular succession of the episcopacy before we tliink of obtaining it in an irregular manner. To accomijlish this we have chosen a committee of our body to correspond with you upon this, and adopt such measures for the same as may be expedient or necessary." 3 The letter from the Ma.ssachu.setts and Rhode Island clergy ex- pressed the sentiments prevailing in Connecticut, and which seem to have been current throughout New luigland. The conservative elements in the North were alarmed, not only at the proposition, in "The Case of the Episcopal Churches Con.sidered," for " a tempo- rary departure from episcopacy, "but by the radical measures adopted at the southward, where, in Virginia, anticipatory canons were en- acted defining and circum.scribing the exercise of the episcopal otTice, and making the bishop not only amenable to trial by the Con\-en- tion, but even liable to " suspension or dismission " from office at its will : while in South Carolina it was stipulated that bishops should not be introduced at all. Prior to the meeting of the Convention of the churches in the Middle and Southern States in 1785, the efforts of the Connecticut clergy to secure an episcopal head had resulted in success. On the 1 Perry's " IIist«rical Notes and Documents," p. 61. 2 Ibid., p. 63. 3 /^/,/., pp. 65, 66. H^^ i4 .III ^ ^"^^ ill l^^ t ^ /XTA-OnCf'/VOX. XXV 14th of Xo\'enibcr, 1784, at Abeitlccn, the Re\'. Samuel Seabury, D.U. Oxon., was consecrateti the first American bisliop by the bish- ops of the Cathohc remainder of the Church in Scotland. Entering into a concordat with the Church from which he received his epis- copal character, Seabury lost no time in beginning his work, and was joyfully received by his clergy, the formal welcome being ex- tended in Convocation in Middletown, /Xugust, 1785. At this Convocation in Middletown the churches in Massachusetts and Rhode Island were represented by the Rev. Samuel Parker-, while the conservative element in New York was represented by the Rev. Benjamin Moore. Both of these gentlemen were frientls and correspondents of White, and each had taken part in the prelimi- nary measures and meetings of 1784, which had prepared the way for the Convention in Philadelphia in September, 1785. To this meeting Bishop Seabury and his clergy were invited ; but as there was no provision in the F'undamental Principles adopted in New York at the preliminary meeting of i 784 for the proper recog- nition of his oiifice, Seabury courteously declined the invitation, as the clergy at the southward did his suggestion that they should attend the meeting at Middletown. It is in evidence that had there been the provision that one of the episcopal order, if present, should preside, as was originally intended by White, Bishop Seabury would have gone to Philadelphia in i 785, as he did later, in i 789 ; but there can be little doubt that such a step would have been premature, and might have absolutely pre- vented, in place of furthering, the unity so greatly desired by both White and himself. There was no little to be done by the states- manship and wise, conciliatory measures of White ere the conflict- ing elements in the Church could be calmed, aiul order arise out of chaos. Prior to the meeting in Philadelphia, letters from Bishop Seabury to Drs. William White and William Smith, the leading spirits in the Convention, frankly communicated information respecting the re- jection of the Connecticut application in England, and offered the bishop's services for the ordination of candidates until a bishop was secured at the southward. At the same time the bishop objected to the policy which had obtained in the Conventions at the South of encumbering their plans for organization b)^ establishing so many and such precise fundamental rules. He claimed that the powers of the bishop were too much circumscribed, since " government as essentially pertains to bishops as ordination." He denied that " the laity can with any propriet}' be admitted to sit in judgment on bish- ops and presbyters, especially when deposition may be the event ; because they cannot take away a character which they cannot con- fer." The bishop was careful to state that he did not think it req- xxvi THE JJ'/SCU/'.fJ/-: /X AMEiaCA. uisite liial the cluirches at the soiilhuanl .shoulil be modeled «ii the Churcli ill Ci)miecliciil ; but lie earnest!)' iir^ed that, " in so essential a matter as churL-h government is, nu alterations should be made that afTcct its foundations." The bishop professed liimself ready " to assist in procurin;^ bislio]js in y\merica" so far as he could do this consistently. His desire is stated as follows: " I do most earnestly wish to ha\e our Church in all the States so settled that it may be one Church, united in government, doctrine, and discipline; that there may be no di\isions among us, no opposition of interests, no clashing of opinions." ' The objections raised b_\- the bishop of Connecticut, and repeated by the \enerable Thomas Bradbury Chandler, of New Jersey, were answered by the indefatigable William White. On the \er}- e\e of the meeting in l'liiladel])hia, Parker wrote to his correspondent, in reply to a letter which iiulicates that the fatal defect of withhold- ing the presidency of the Convention from the episcopal order was adopted in opposition to the wish of the far-seeing \\ hite. " I am sorry," White writes to Parker, " to find that those measures have been so construed by some of our friends in lingland as if we had refused to the episcopal order the right of precedency in our Con- ventions. Probably you will recollect that in the original draft it was provided the senior bishop present should preside ; and that this was erased, not from the idea that any other than a bishop ouglit to be president, but from an observation of Dr. S[niith] tiiat to restrain it to the senior bishop might be snnu-tinies incoinenicnt. 1 wish that the clause had stood." Parker's letter throws further light on this unfortunate action : " I am, with you, equally sensible that the fifth of the I'"undainental Principles in the paper printed at New ^'llrk has operated much to the disadvantage of that Conxcnliun. Had it stood as I proposed, that a bishop (if one in aii)- State) should be president, I make no doubt there would ha\e been one present, ^'ou will be at no loss to conclude that I mean Dr. Seabur}-, who, you must ere this have heard, is arrived and entered upon the exercise of his tfifice in Connecticut. Being ])resent in Coinocation at Middletown the 4th of August last, I much urged his attending the Convention at Phil- adelphia this month ; but that very article discouraged him so much that no arguments I could use were sufficient to prevail with him. Had that article stood as proposed, the gentleman who moved tlie amendment would not have suffered b\- it, nor the Convention been stigmatized as anti-Episcopalian." - The opening pages of the " Journal " of the Convention at Phil- adelphia in I 785 bring to our notice a proposed " Plan for Obtaining the Consecration of Bishops, together with an Address to the Most 1 Perry's " Historical Notes and Documents," pp. 76-S2. - Ibnt., pp. 89, go. i1l 1 ^.5 ,f ■" Q 4 'J- 1 ^ *v| s 53 ^5 •^ ■^^ ^s^ '^i ii 11 1 h3 5 £ 5 1 '"^^IJ 1 ' ^ ^ "^ i, ' .' M M M .- ■s ^- 3 ? r '•"I -^ I S" J-- 1:1 .ivS i^l ki J- Jj V. M i^l^ri^^l^li But i^4 i '1 1^1 Ml ^4-" 11 ^v 4 ^ ^ 432^ ^' ^ i / ^c«~-° / >^ -^v««^ ^^^^vi^^^t^^^'^si:^ -^^^- ^^ <^a^4. ^,^^ y^4U^. .^»^ ^^i^r^r/i, ,>i^cz^^^ 7f^ _^ifr^ /.Vy'A'OlH'C770X. xxvii Re\'ereiui the Archbishops and the Rii^ht Re\-erend the Bishops of the Church of liiiglaiui, for that purpose." ' The Plan and the Address attest the wide-spread desire of the Churchmen represented in this Con\-ention for the episcopate as a necessary bond of union. They further prove the preference of the churches of the Middle and Southern States for the succession in the Enghsh line. Recognizing as the acknowledged hindrance to the success of Dr. Seabury's application to the luiglish prelates the lack of evidence of the concurrence of tiie ci\il authorities and the cooperation of the laity in the effort for the succession, they di- rected the attention of the State Conventions to measures for tiie removal of this obstacle. Proofs of the desire of the laity for the introduction of the episcopate were to be provided, and documents certifying the concurrence of the State authorities in the proposed measures, or at least attesting the absence of any constitutional or legislative bar to the introduction of episcopacy, were to be obtained from the various ci\il rulers. In true republican simplicit)', and for the remo\-al of popular prejudices, the framers of the Plan sought to prevent, in the concluding paragraph, the assumption on the part of future bishops of the lordly titles of the PInglish prelates — a prop- osition not infrequently, though erroneously, quoted as of authority at the present day. The Address to the luiglish prelates was nianl_\- and dignified. Bishop White informs us- that this paper and the l^lan itself, "as they stand on the ' Journals,' " were his own composition, " with the exception of a few \erbal alterations." It e.xpressed the " earnest desire and resolution " of " the members of our communion " " t(j retain the venerable form of episcopal go\ernment, handed down to them, as they concei\'ed, from the time of the apostles; and en- deared to them by the remembrance of the holy bishops of tlie primiti\'e Church, of the blessed martyrs who reformed the Church of luigland, and of the many great and pious jjrelates who ha\e adorned that Church in e\-er)' succeeding age." Its plea was summed up in these words: " The petition which we offer to your venerable body is that, from a tender regard to the religious inter- ests of thousands in this rising empire, professing the same religious principles with the Church of England, you will be pleased to con- fer the episcopal character on such persons as shall be recommended by this Church in the se\-eral States here represented ; full satisfac- tion being given of the sufficiency of the persons recommended, and of its being the intention of the general body of the Episcopalians in the said States, respectively, to receive them in the qualit)' of bishops." ' Perry's " Reprinted Journals.," i., 19. - " Memoirs of tlie Churcli," second edition, p. loi. xxviii lllli El'ISCOrATE 1\ AMERICA. Reference is felicitously made to the possibility of obstacles aris- ing from political complications ; and stress is laid on the fact that in view of the separation of Church and State the civil rulers of the United States cannot unite otliicially in the application for the epis- copal succession. The Address closes with a graceful as well as grateful acknowledgment of the kind offices rendered by the Eng- lish hierarchy and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel to the American Church, to which, under God, its " prosperity is in an eminent degree to be ascribed." It was in this Address that, as Hislio]) White asserts, " a foinulation was thus laid for the procuring of the present episcopacy." " To ha\e abandoned the episcoj)al succession," writes Bishop White in his " Memoirs of the Ciuirch," " would have been in opposition to jirimilive order and ancient habits, and, besides, would at least ha\e dixiiled the Church. To have had recourse to Scotland, inde])en- dently of the objections entertained against the political principles of the nonjurors of that country, would not have been proper, without previous disappointment on a request made to the mother-church. Another resource remained, in foreign ordination; which had been made the easier by the act of the l^ritish Parliament, passed in the preceding year, to enable the bishop of London to ordain citizens or subjects of foreign countries without exacting the usual oaths. But besides that this would ha\-e kept the Church under the same hardships whicii had heretofore existed, and had been so long complained of, dependence on a foreign country in spirituals, when there had taken place independence in temporals, is what no pru- dent person would ha\'e pleaded for." The reply of the English prelates was courteous but cautious, and, in fact, non-committal. It was prepared by the archbishop of Canterbury, and was signed by the two archbishops and the bish- ops of London, Chichester, Bath and Wells, St. Asaph, Salisbury, Peterborough, Ely, Rochester, Worcester, O.xford, ICxeter, Lincoln, Bangor, Lichfield and Coventry, Gloucester, St. Uaxid's, and Bris- tol. The letter expresses the wish of the English prelates to pro- mote the spiritual welfare of their " ICpiscopal brethren in America," and their desire to be instrumental in procuring for them " the complete exercise of our holy religion, and the enjoyment of that ecclesiastical constitution " which they believed " to be truly apos- tolical," and for which the letter of request expressed " so unreserved a \eneration." The archbishop did not conceal his satisfaction that " this pious design " was " not likely to receive any discountenance from the civil powers" in America, and promised " the best endea- vors" of the English prelates " to acquire a legal capacity of com- plying with the prayer" of the American Address. At the same time, and with every allowance for the difficulties of the situation. /.yrA'ODl C 77 Ci.y. xxix the fear is expressed that in the proceetHnL;s of the Coinxiition "some alterations may ha\e been adoptetl vr intended which those difficulties do not seem t<> justity." In \ie\v of the fact that these alterations are not mentioned in tlie Address, and that the know- ledL;e of their nature possessed by the bisliops in hLn^jhind had reached them " throuL;h priwite and less certain channels," the f)ish- ops thous^ht it but just to " wait fur an explanation." " v\nxious to give every proof," not onl_\- of " brotherl)- affection," but also of facility in forwardiny' the wishes of their American brethren, they felt that they could not "hut be extremely cautious lest" they " should be the instruments ot establishing an ecclesiastical system " which " cmdd be called a branch of the Church of England, but afterward" might "possibly appear to ha\'e departed from it essen- tialh', either in doctrine or discipline." The correspondence between the Philadelphia Convention and the primate had been carried on through the kindly interxention ot the celebrated John Ailams, the American minister at the court of St. James. Mr. Adams, although connected with the Congrega- tional body of Massachusetts, and coming from a State where the opposition to the introduction of episcopacy into America had been more decided than elsewhere — the a\-ersion to the measure being occasioned by religious as well as political prejudices — undertook this office of furthering the t)b!ect — which the celebrated Samuel Atiams had tleclareil to be a moving cause of the war tor indepen- dence — with an alacrity and enthusiasm most honorable to the man and to his freedom from religious or pi_)litical prejudices. He de- li\ered the Address to the archbishop in person, and by his personal efforts in public and [jriwite greath- facilitated the progress of the measure. It was through Mr. Adams that the reply of the arch- bishops and bishops was transmitted to Dr. White. That the office thus kindly undertaken was one liable to misconception, and that the prejudices against the introductii.>n ol the episcopate were not wholly allayed, making the service renderetl by the American min- ister the more valuable and effecti\e, ma_\' be inferred fidin the lan- guage used by Mr. Adams nearly thirty years afterward, when I'e- ferring to his share in the successful effort tor securing the episcopate for America. " Tliere is no part of my life," writes ex-I'resident Adams to Bishop White, under date of October 29, 1.S14, "on which I hxik back and reflect with more satisfaction than tlie part I took, bold, daring, and hazardous as it was to myself and mine, in the introduction of the episcopacy into America." There had been an active correspondence kept up by William White and prominent English friends from the very moment of the cessation of hostilities between Great Britain and the independent States of America. The letters which passed between Dr. Inglis, XXX THE EI'lSCOrAlE JX AMEKICA. fornurl\- nf Trinity, New York, and later the first Hritisli culcuiial bisliop, the celebrated Philadeli)hia refti<(ee clertfyman, the l\.e\-. Jacob Diiche, together witli the Re\-. Dr. Alexander Murra)-, wlio had, for a time, been the missionary of the Venerable Society at Reading, in Pennsylvania, and Dr. \\'hite, the leading spirit in the measures now rife for the organization and per])etiiation ot the American Church, are full of interest and throw no little light on tiie inner workings of the plan to secure the episcopate. Beginning with the appearance of " The Case of the l'2piscopal Churches Con- sidered," the letters from these English correspondents became most important in acquainting White, informally and often confidentially, with tlifficulties arising from misapi^rehensions of the steps taken in America, or from fears entertained of the doctrinal unsoundness or moral unfitness of .some who were known, or supjjosed, to be can- didates for the office of bishop in the American Churcii. The loxalist clergy in London, who were naturally in the confi- dence of the archbishop and the leading dignitaries of the Establish- ment, w ere soon able to assure their correspondent in Philadelphia that a ])roper application for the episcopate would be fa\orably re- garded. The passage of the act of Parliament authorizing the dis- pensing with the usual oaths in the case of American candidates for orders gave further assurance of a kindly interest in the rising American Church. The needs of the Church in the United States became a matter of interest ami discussion in the public press. Pamphlets were published on the subject by leading men, such as the celebrated philanthropist, Granville Sharp, Esq., a grandson of a former archbishop of York. The offices not alone of Mr. Adams, the American minister, but also of the celebrated Benjamin F"rank- lin, then in Paris, were in\-oked. The proper foundation of the in- dependent American Church, and its coinpletion, by the gift of the succession, seem to have occu])icd the tlmughts, the labors, and the prayers of the leading men in Church and State at this critical period. At length the correspondents of William White were able to write definitely as well as encouragingly. Miirra}' begins his com- munication of the llth of March, 1786, with the prophetic words: " I would fain hope the day is not far distant when I shall ha\-e the honiir of addressing you as Kis^ht Rcvrrcud." He ])roceeds: " Mr. .\ilams has finally obviated all political objections to your application, and reconciled the king, the members, and the whole bench of bishops to it." It was a relief to find that the alterations in the Prayer-book, comprising what is now known as the Proposed ]?ook, were " not yet approved, but only proposed and recom- mended." As Bishop \Vhitc informs us, it was "the omission of Christ's descent into hell, in the Apostles" Creed," as gi\en in the IXTA'ODrCT/OX. xxxi Proposed Book, tliat was speciall_\- distasteful to the Iui;4lish prel- ates, tliough this objection was iirgei.1 only by the bishop of ]5ath and Wells, Dr. Moss. The failure of the archbishops and bishops to receive the advance sheets of the Proposed Book (which, thouL;h sent to them from time to time as the work was hurried thrciUL;h the press, failed, throuL^h some mischance, to reach their destination) occasioned the " caution " which Bishup White notices as character- izing the English prelates' reply. ]-",\en in the United States there was a lack of unanimity in this efl'ort to remove the reference to the descent into hell from the Apostles' Creed. Both at the North and the South it was felt that such radical changes were likely to prejudice the success of the application in England for the episco- pate, and also imperil the unit\- of the Church in the United States. A very large number of Churchmen sympathized with the bishop of Connecticut and the conservative element in New England, New York, and New Jersey. All these deprecated any liturgical changes from the PLnglish book, or doctrinal departure from the standards of the mother-church. This was deemed, to quote the language of Parker, of Boston, addressed to Dr. White, " in direct \iolation of the fourth Fundamental Principle agreed on by the Convention in New York" in 1784. This principle provided that the American Church should maintain the doctrines of the Church of England, and adhere to the liturgy of that Church so far as consistent with the American Re\'olution and the constitutions of the respective States. A confidential letter fri>m the Re\-. Dr. Inglis, to whom alone the archbishop's letter had been communicated, to Dr^ White, under date of June 6, I 786, expressed the satisfaction of the ICngiish liish- ops at finding, on the recei]jt of the Proposed Book, " that the great essential doctrines of Christianity" were "preserved; particularly the doctrine of the hol_\' Trinit_\- and our Savi(.)ur's atonement." The archbishop of Canterbury had now "taken up the business with greater zeal," and was ab(.)ut to ajjply for an act of Parliament authorizing the consecration of bishops for America. The condi- tions required by the archbishops and bishops, as stated by Dr. Inglis, were these : " (i) A restoration of the article which has been expunged out of the Apostles' Creed. (2) A restoration of the Nicene and Athanasian creeds, so far, at least, as to lea\e tlie use of them discretional. (3) Securing to the- future bishops that just and permanent authority which is not only necessar_\' for the right discharge of their duty and the benefit of the Church, but which is wai'ranted by Holy Scripture and the practice of the Christian Church in e\-ery period of its existence. And (4) proper testi- monials, such as the peculiarity of the case demands, of the compe- tency in point of learning, the unblemishetl moral character, and the xxxii I III-: J-.nSCOI'.ll E IX amekica. souikIiicss in tlic failli, of those who may be sent over for consecra- tion." ' l'rr)cee(Ung to cHsciiss these conditions, Dr. Inglis gi\es us some liglit on the action taken in New \'ori<, to which, as we have seen, Dr. I'arker, of Boston, so strenuously excepted: " Willi ri-garil to your future bishop's pernKinent authority, I consider it as absolutely necessary to the peace, order, and gootl government of your churches. \\ hen I first saw the regulation niaile on this head I was astonished how any jieople professing themselves members of an Kpiscopal church could thinU of degrading their bishop in such a manner. No episcopal jiower whatever is reserved for him but that of ori/iiialioii, and perhaps con- firmation. He is only a iiu-mber, ex ojjicio, of the Convention where he resides, but is not to take the chair, or preside, unless he is asUed ; whereas such pn-siiieiicy is as essential to his character as onliiirttion. St. I'aul's bishop was to receive and judge of accusations brought .igainst presbyters, as hath been the case of bishops ever since; but your bishop ha.s nothing to do with such matters — the Convention, consisting mostly of laymen, are to receive and judge of accusations against him. In short, his barber may shave him in the morning, and in the afternoon vote him out of his office. " I w.is astonished, I say, at this regulation, and could not account for the clergy's agreeing to it ; but my astonishment ceased when I was assured liy a letter from America that all the clergy excejn one ojijiosed it, but were outvoted, or overawed into a compli- ance, by the laity. This accounted for the matter ; it is only one of the evils which I fore- saw would .attend the introduction of so manv lavmen into Conventions; anil be assured it will l>e followed by many others." The Coincntion of the ICpiscopal churclies of the Midille and Southern States met in Phihideiphia in June, 1786. It assembled. Bishop White informs us, " under circumstances which bore strong- appearances of a dissohition of the union in this stage of it." There contributed to this state of afTairs several circumstances. The " in- terfering instructions from tiie churches in the different States " — each of these churclies being independent of the others and each cherishing its own notions as to the organization and perpetuation of the Chinxh — afforded one source of danger. The " embarrass- ment which had arisen from the rejection of the Proposed Book in some of the States and the use of it in others," together with the almo.st universal disposition to revise still further this revision and amend its proposed amendments, afforded another source of appre- hension. There had grosvn up in the minds of some, notably through the influence of the patriot Brovoo.st, the Whig rector of Trinity, New York, a spirit of opposition to the bishop of Connecti- cut, and a disposition to discredit the source whence he had received the episcopate; and the warmth of feeling thus engendered threat- ened the lasting .separation of the Churchmen in America. The un- willingness of the Church in South Carolina to receive a bi.shop at all, and the growing indifference in Virginia to the adoption of mea- sures for securing the succession, indicated a lack of Churchl>- senti- ment and an indifference to religion it.self most discouraging. '1 he attempts of the able but erratic Dr. William Smith, of Maryland, to obtain the episco])ate of the Church in that State, and the attitude ' l'cn\'s •■ Historical Notes and DocmiieiUs" p. 302. /xvA'ODrcy/o.v. xxxiii of Provoost, of New York, toward thn so evident in the letter of the English ]irelates, and the question whether the conditions they laid down wmld be granted by the Con\ention, added to the difficulties of the situation. One man alone in the midst of these complications pursued the even tenor of his wa_\-. William White never lost heart ; ne\er remitted his exertions in the interest of the Church of which he was now confessedly the leading- spirit. Correcting misapprehensions, o\-ercoming opposition, remo\-- ing prejudices, he labored with one single end and aim in \iew It was for the Church of God that he workeil untiringl_\-, and we may well bless God for his patient toil and well-deser\X'd success. The conflicting instructions to the dei.uities accredited to the Convention of June, i jSf), from their respective constituencies, were skilfulh" gotten o\er b_\- their reference "to the first Conven- tion which should meet, fullv authorized to determine on a Book of Common Prayer." This adroit use of a rule of parliamentar\- i)ro- cedure was the suggestion of William ^A'hite. It was through this expedient that, as White expressed it, " the instructions, far from proving injurious, had the contrar>- efl'ect, by showing as well tlie necessity of a duly constituted ecclesiastical body as the futilit\- ot taking measures to be re\ iewed and authoritati\-ely judged ol in the bodies of which we were the deputie'^. Such a system appeared so evidently fruitful of discord and tlistniion that it was abandoned from this time."- The same judicious delay of definite action with respect to the Proposed Book removed the embarrassment threat- 1 Pcrrv'-- ■■ Historiial Nnit". ami 1 iccuiiinits," i>. ,;0Q. 2 \Vliitc\ ■■ Memoirs of the (.'liunli." He c.'usta's e.lition. p. i.qi. xxxiv 'I'lll-l EriSCOI'AJE /.V AMEKJCA. encd by tlie acceptance in simie tiuarters, and the rejection in others, of this crude and hasty compilation. In the settlement of the question of the Scotch succession, which was only indirectly at- tacked, the conservatism and Christian courtesy of William White were specially apparent. The opposition to the Scottish episcopate was, so far as the clerical deputies were concerned, confined to the Rev. Samuel Provoost, afterward first bishop of New York, and the Rev. Robert Smith, afterward first bishop of South Carolina. Personal aiul political prejudices seem to lia\-e had their influence in this attem])t to throw discredit on the source whence Scabur)- had obtained the cjjiscopate. The Convention was barely organized when the Rc\-. Robert Smith introduced a resolution " That the clergy present produce their letters of orders, or declare by whom they were ordained." This motion was aimed at the Rev. Joseph Pilmore, a convert from the Methodists, who had received orders from Seabury, and the Re\-. \\'illiani Smith,' of Stepney parish, Md., and afterward of Newjiort, R. I., and Xorwalk, Conn., who had been ordained in Scotland by a bisho]) of the Church from which Seabury had received consecration. The judicious applica- tion of the "previous question" ])rc\cnted the discussion which it was anticipated would grow out of this motion, and the resolution itself was lost. Provoost, not satisfied with this expression of the temper of the Con\-ention, offered the following resolution : " That this Convention will resolve to do no act that shall imply the validity of ordinations made by Dr. Seabury." Again the " previous question " cut off dis- cussion, and the motion itself was determined in the negative. So determined was the feeling of opposition to Dr. Seabury indicated by these motions that action of some kind could not be avoided, and consequently a compromise resolution offered by Dr. White was unanimously adopted. This motion provided "That it be recommended to this Church, in the States here represented, not to receive to the pastoral charge, within their respective limits, clergy- men professing canonical subjection to any bishop in any State or country other than those bishops who may be duly settled in the States represented in this Convention." This resolution, as explained by Dr. White himself, was pressed with a view of meeting the charge, made on the floor of Convention, that clergymen ordained under the Scotch succession were under canonical subjection to the bishop who ordained them, even though they might reside outside of the limits of his see. The Rev. Mr. Pilmore, the only one of the deputies who had received orders from the bishop of Connecticut, " denied that any such thing had been exacted of him," and the resolution (for which, as Bishop White is careful to state, there was 1 The compiler of the Institution Office, originally known a.s the Induction Office. /X7V:ODrC//(I.V. xxxv ne\'er "any ground" other than "in the apprehension which has been expressed ") was adoptetl without opposition. On the following day the Rev. Robert Smith returned tc) the sub- ject and offered the following resolution, whicli, e\"iilentl\' regariled by the Convention, as Bishop White informs us, as a "temperate guarding" against a possible difficult}', was unanimously adopted: " J'!(Sohcd, That it lie reconimenik'il to tlic rnnvuntioiis uf tlie Clmrtli represfntrcl in its General Convention, not to admit any jierson as a minister, within tlieir respective limits, who shall receive ordination from any bishop residing in America dining tlie ap- plication now pending to the English bishops for episcopal consecration." This matter disposed of, the Convention proceeded to the consid- eration of the letter from the I'.nglish bishops. Resolutions express- ing the " gratefid sense of the Christian affection and condescension manifested in this letter" were adopted, and with this acknowledg- ment of the kindness of the Mnglish prelates the application for the succession was renewed, coupled with fresh assurances of attach- ment to the system of the Church of England. The reijl_\- to the archbishops and bishops was originalh' drafted by Dr. \\ illiam Smith, but this paper being deemed "too full of compliment, ' it was, on the motion of the lion. John Ja_\-, considerabl)- modified in tone and language. As tinall\- ailopteil, it expressed a grateful ap- preciation of the father!}- sentiments contained in this letter of the English prelates; it reiterated the assurance that there was no ])ur- pose in America " of departing from the constituent principles of the Church of England " ; it claimed that no alterations or omissions had been made in the Book of Common Prayer but such as were neces- sary to make it consistent with the ci\'il constitutions, or " such as were calculated to remove objections" on the part of the people of the United States. The " proposed ecclesiastical constitution and Book of Common Prayer" accompanied this renewed request tor the succession, and the alterations and modifications of the former made this second application more acceptable. As Bishop White observes, referring particidarl}- to the development of a more conser- vative and Churchly spirit, as seen in the fidler recognition of epis- copal character and dignity by this Convention : " In the preced- ing year the points alluded to were determined on with too much warmth, and without investigation proportioned to the importance of the subjects. The decisions of that day were now reversed, not to say without a division, but without even an opposition." It should not be forgotten that these constitutional changes in the direction of conservative Churchmanship were introduced by Dr. White and carried through his infitience. These alterations gave to the bishop, if present, the presidency of the Convention, and re- quired the bishop's presence at all ecclesiastical trials, giving to him xxxvi THE El'ISCOrATE l.\ AMERICA. tlie sole riylu of pronoiincintf the " sentence of deposition or degra- datii)n on any clergyman, whether bishop or presbyter or deacon." Bishop White, who gi\es us in his " Memoirs of the Church " the unwritten history of this period, specifies as among the chief means of securing the moderation in tone and temper for which this Con- vention was noticeable the presentation of a memorial from the Convention of New Jersey, drawn up, as was " afterward learned with certaintj-," by the learned and devout Dr. Thomas Bradbury Ciiandler, of Klizabethtown, and couched in language both conser- vative and conclusive. This memorial urged the General Conven- tion to revise the proceedings of the meeting of 1785, and to " re- move every cause that may have excited any jealousy or fear that the Episcopal Church in the United States of America have any intention or desire essentially to depart, either in doctrine or disci- pline, from the Church of ICngland." l^ishop White regards this letter as " among the causes which prevented the disorganizing of" " the American Church," since its arguments must have con\inced the deputies " that the result of considerable changes would have been the disunion of the Church." Shortly after the rising of the Con\eiui(in there came into the hands of Dr. White a communication from the archbishops of Can- terbury and York, which was followed by a letter from the arch- bishop of Canterbury alone, inclosing a recent act of Parliament authorizing the consecration of bishops for America. On the receipt of these letters the committee appointed for this purpose convened the Convention at Wilmington, Del., on the lOth of October. The archbishops prefaced their words with an earnest depreca- tion. It is " impossible," write the prelates, " not to observe with concern that if the essential doctrines of our common faith were re- tained, less respect, however, was paid to our liturgy than its own excellence, and your declared attachment to it, had led us to expect. Not to mention a variety of verbal alterations, of the necessity or propriety of which we are by no means satisfied, we saw with grief that two of the confessions of our Christian faith, respectable for their .intiquity, have been entirely laid aside; and that even in that called the Apostles' Creed an article is omitted which was thought necessar}' to be inserted, with a view to a particular heresy, in a very early age of the Church, and has ever since had the venerable sanc- tion of universal reception." The letter announced the application of the bishops for the passage of an act of Parliament authorizing the consecrations desired. This step was taken in the expectation that their representations would secure the modification of the rad- ical action of the American Convention. Great stress was laid upon the necessity of affording " the most decisive proofs of the qualifica- tions " of those recommended for consecration. The bishops called ft 0..jiy L./>„„J„/fi^^ n^ .%,^,hr/Cm <.„,/•../ r//V «,-^ (%,^c /i/L. 4 >K^., ^^^„„„„V.,;Vw ^.7fi.,.nn:J ^ ■„.,„ J/,,,/,/, .hl.ri, .--V Ai,^^/>-./ -^ J.;f„f^:^cfM, tc^„,'„.n„ /On,'/ /./, ,.r.^ o/'min /7,/X^ /„^^t ■fy^a^iCii „o „uMu, ..nA;^^^,.}til..^ ,^;m A/,^/. 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JtntnvtccJpc mill ."itnl nfoaenttrikcncj tu tKiu^\ril '.im-ioitePil /a am (]iJ;n cut tl)e fiitng'f licence fo; ipfe iSIec> tton to tijot €)ffice, and tbe ISogat j^anUate unBcr tfte (Bjeat *Eal foj blfl Confirmation anU Conrtttatfon: 3n!HBl)E«a3 tticrp pcrfon ixiDo djall iic confttrateti to tljs fafO 2)fllte \s requite? to take tlje Oat]]0 oraiicslana ano dup;ematp, anO alfo tDe £!at^ of Due £)beDience to tbe arcbbiSop: flnt ttifjcreas there are Ci'ocrjs pcrfon?. eub= jeOfo; Citijens of Coantriea out of pis ^ajefig'c Domi' nionff, anD tnbabftfnoi anb rcCblnij toittstn the taiD Cciun> trietf, \iit)o pjofcEs tfje public^ <[ac;(liip of aimtgbf)? C5oD, actO}bing to tlje ^!inci|ilc0 of tfje Cburcf) of England. anO tDbo, in o;&er to p^ibes regular SucccSCicnof ^iniQcrs ftf t{)e ©crtJice of tfieir COurcft, are bfffroujj of inning certain of tbe ©ubjeaa oj Cittjens of tijofe Countries con» 'ectateb BiQjops, ecco^Oing to tbe jro;m of Confecration m tte Cburtl) of England: "Qt It enaSeO bg tftc King's moS CErceHcnt ^sicS?, b? anbf toitb tbe acbicc anO Confcnt of tbe lo;b3 Spiritual anb tzneinpojnf, ano Commons, in \\>ii picfent i^arliament afem'jicb, anb ts D8 A a} tljj [i»6S1 ANNO REGNI VICESIMO SEXTO, &?<:. Cap. 8+. i>. Ar<[. tl)e autljojitp of t1)e fame, tbat, from anO afltr tbc pair.. ^^'"ir'^' ing of tbij» aft. It Qiall anO mag tie latoful to ano foj tbr r;h''r"ao.ovl' artbbiUlop of Canterbury, Of tI)C arcbblQjOP of Vork, fO{ Jh.ii"t**V tftt Clmcteing, togetfecrtoltb tUcbotbcr TSifbopa aj* tbt? I"; ~^°."- (ball tall to tbdr atUflante, to tonttcraw Jperfano, being wi^'ttfb'JT *"''Jf*fl 0} urpofc0 afojefaiO, toitbout fct"f6.''K'cV-° tbe Bfng'a licence fo? tbeic Clettion, o; tbt Bogal £^an. t°"'=^' encg tn gooo teaminj, of tbe ©ounOneftf of tbeir JFaltb. anD of tbe l^uritj of tbcir qsannera. s,PeiA>ojbec of Deacon o? Jp?ieQ bg anj £>i8)op o? ToiOjopa ft tonre< cratco, 0? by tbe SucceOToj o; ©ucceflfojo of on? Xifbop oj 'BiHiopa fo conCecrateb, Iball be tbcrebp cnablcb to erertife bi0 o{ tlicir cefpeatbe £)Sce o; £>f!ues toicbin Ibts ^^t' jeBg's aDominionfl. c«i(k«.of IV. ip^ouibcb ^Itoajfi, anb be it furtber enaSeb, Cbat nb.^l>c'n by a CcctiScate of fucb <2Lonrcccatlon (ball be giben unOer (toptSe."'" tbe IpanD anb Seal of tbe flrcbbiibop tobo confetrarea, con« taining tbe JSanie of tbe ^erfon fo tonretratcb, tntb tbe aobition, as bieil of tbe (£ounttp taibereof be te a eiub< }(& 01 Citijcn, OB of tbe Cburcb in tobicb be isappointeo XtOjop, anb tbe furtbcr Defcriptlon of bio not babtng tafecn tbe faib SDatba, being creqipteb from tbe ©bliga* tlon cf fo boing bg birtue of tbiu aa. o FINIS. /.V/'A'O/JCCVVOX. xxxvii upon the Coiuention, hufurc the bibhdjj.s elect should make the sub- scription required b_\' the teiitli article of the proposed ecclesiastical constitution, to " rest<.ire to its integrity the Apostles' Creed"; to " give to the other two creeds a place " in the Prayer-book, " even though the use of them should be left discretional;" and to make some alteration in the eighth article of the ecclesiastical constitution, removing what appeared to the bishops " to be a degi-adalinn of the clerical, and still more of the episcopal character." The solicitude of the bishops respecting the " purity ul manners " of those recommended for consecration led them tn require "the most effectual securities" ; and forms of testimonial, to be signed by the General and State Con\entions, accompanied the letter, which have been ever since, and are still, in use in the American Church. These testimonials, Bishop W'hite assures us, ga\'e "general satisfac- ti(j)i." "The General Convention," continues Bishop White, "had not been without apprehensions that some unsuitable character, as to morals, might be electeriest, or deacon of this Church in any of the States which have not already ratified or used the last-mentioned book of Common I'rayer, shall be in the words following : " 'And I do solemnly engage to conform to the doctrine and worship of the Protestant Kpiscopal Church, according to the use of the Church of England, as the same is altered by the General Convention, in a certain instrument of writing passed by their authority, entitled " Alterations in the Liturgy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, in order to render the same conformable to the American Revolution and the constitutions of the respective States," until the new Book of Common I'rayer, recommended by the General Convention, shall be ratified or used in the State in which I am (bishop, jiriest, or deacon, as the case may be), by the authority of the Convention thereof. .\nd I do further solemnly engage that when the said new Book of Common Prayer shall be ratified or used by the authority of the Convention in the State for which I am consecrated a bishop (or ordained a priest or deacon) I will conform to the doctrines and worship of the Protestant Episcopal Church, .-is settled and determined in the last- mentionepal character had been recognized throughout New England, which had become, practically, his pro\'ince, and through which, from Stamford and Norwalk in Connecticut to Portsmouth, N. II., he journeyed, confirming, ordaining, and setting in order the churches owing allegiance to his office and to himself. He had exercised his episcopate in New York in spite of the secret opposition of the irate I'rin'oost. Candidates for ordination from New Jersey, Pennsyl- \ania, and the Southern States had sought from him the laying on of hands. There was no dissension among his clergy, no factious o])position among his laity. The W'allingford Convocation of tlie Connecticut clergy, held in February of this year, resenting the affronts they deemed directed at the bishop at the Philadelphia Convention, had determined to send a representative to Scotland to recei\e consecration as coadjutor to Seabury ; and Leaming ami Mansfield were successi\'ely chosen to undertake this office, while on their unwillingness, in consequence of age and infirmities, to assume this responsibilit)-, the choice fell on Jarvis, afterward to be the one to fill the place of Seabury. At the same time measures were i)ut in train to secure in Massachusetts the election of Parker as bishop of the Church in that State and in New Hampshire, that thus the college of bishops in the Scottish line of succession might be complete, ancf any necessity of union with the churches at the southward, for the consecration of bishops in the time to come, re- moved. The correspondence of this period affords abundant proof that the great body of the churches and Churchmen of New luig- land shared in this feeling of resentment, and were ready for the initiation of measures for perpetuating the separation and antago- nism which seemed ine\itable. There was every prospect that there would speedily be in this country two rival P^piscopal Churches, each possessing the apostolical succession, but at variance with each other in doctrine, in ritual, and in practices. Had Seabury listened i^f -^^ittiJi^'C »7%-f^^^ ^4 ^Ct-^a-nc^n. tn^tL/trtJyt ^^iayn-^t-» ^rt^^ M/uJ'/fy^ x-azi::- /\TKO/HC770X. xli to the uryinys of his clert,')- at home, and his correspomlents both in this country and abroad, this deplorable result would ha\-e occurred. Union would soon have become impossible, and the Church in the United States — a house dix'ided against itself — would ha\e been at the mercy of old foes and new, each and all bent alike cm its utter overthrow. It is in this connection that we cannot fail to recognize and admire the wise conservatism, the marked self-abnegation, the patient for- bearance of the first bishop of Connecticut. He was alreach" prac- ticall)- — he might soon have been in fact and name — the " primus" of the Church in New England. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut were through their episcopal head closely affiliated with the Scottish communion, from which their episcopate was derived, and were already reproducing at the out- set of the history of the New I'^ngland Episcopal Church the distinctive principles of the body whence they sprang. It was Seabury's choice, howe\'er, for the " great object " he had at heart, " the union of all the churches," to enter into a union in which he was to be from the start in a hopeless minority. We find him, there- fore, restraining the impetuosit}' of his friends and sympathizers outside of Connecticut. We fintl him making nuist friendly and courteous o\-ertures to the bishop of New York, who had attacked him in public and in private, and who cherished an imreasonable personal animosity toward him. He renewed again and again these efforts for union and comprehension, and at length God, who maketh men to be of one mind in a house, rewarded his self- denying, self-forgetting endeavors and made him for the last few years of his earthly life the presiding bishop of a united American Church. In these efforts of Seabury for union William White was an ear- nest and able seconder. Recognizing from the start the official char- acter and the Chri>tian courtesy of Seabury, the bishop of Penn- sylvania, while careful to secure the features of our ecclesiastical system he had fornuilatetl in " The Case of the Episcopal Churches Considered," was ever reatly to further the schemes of Seabury for the comprehension of " all the churches " in one organization com- prising the churches in e\-ery State. Without this seconding Sea- bury's efforts would have been of no a\ ail. The personal animosit)- of Pro\'oost, the machinations of the able and unscrupulous William Smith, the lax Churchmanship and doctrinal unsoundness pre^•ailing in various sections of the Church and uniting in efforts to render the episcopal office as powerless as possible — all these obstacles to union were to be overcome, and in the successful struggle it was William White wIki contributed the most of labor and influence to Secure the desired result. It is of interest to note the hand of God xiii riiE /■:/•/ SCO J'. 1 77-: /.v America. hedt^iiiii u]) tlic \v;i\- to llic coinplclion nf llic cpisCDj^al college in tlic Ivnulish line until, in His good time, both a disposition for union had become general and measures to effect this end were in train. Tile amiable and devoted Griffith, the friend of Washington, and doubtless the most worthy of the Virginia clergy, was the choice of the Convention of that State for bishop, and his papers were favorably passed upon by the adjourneil (General Con\ention at Wilmington in I 786. liut this excellent man found his intended journey to Kngland hindered and finally prevented by the indifference of the parishes, leading them to withhold their contributions for its accomplishment. E\en when the generous aid of William White was offered to re- move this obstacle, the coldness of the clergy toward their bishop elect made it evident that they feared both his piety and his zeal for the Church, should he ever enter upon the episcopate to which their suffrages had called him. There followed, as appears from the un- published correspondence of Dr. Griffith with Bishop White, a series of petty but annojing persecutions which, as detailed in these let- ters, reveal a lamentable laxity in doctrine, and even in morals, ex- isting in the Virginia Church. It is a pitiful story, and of interest alone in showing a conspiracy of ministers and members of the Epis- copal Church designed to destroy the efficiency, if not the very ex- istence, of the episcopate, the powers of which the_\- e\-idently felt would be at once exercised for their punishment. These annoying hindrances at length wore out the patience of Griffith, and wrung from him the resignation of the office he had never sought, but which he would have adorned and honored. It was not till after the death of Griffith and the return of the bishops of Pennsylvania and New York from their successful journey to England that the scholarly Madison, the president of William and Mary College, was chosen to the episcopate of Virginia and sent to England to complete the college in the English line. No obstacle remained to pre\ent the consecration of a bishop on American soil who should unite the Scottish and English lines of succession. This long-delayed act was finally accomplished when Thomas John Claggett was made a bishop of the Church of God by the laying on of the hands of Frovoost, Seabury, White, and Madison. V ^' s (nl (mi ^- s X'^ M^ ^ 4 4 5^ V "^ ,1 4 ir^^Md^^ < 5 € :^ ■f) :i as _- g — < XX — = : — _ <■ ■* ^- ' M S^ .- .rX. X — _ ;i <-:^ ixta'Odlctjoa: III. THE EriSCOPATE OF THE CHrRCH IX liKlTTSH XDRTH AMERICA. The year of grace 1787 was memorable in ecclesiastical annals as the epoch in which the Chnrch of England gave to the pro\-- inces which had maintained their allegiance to the crown the epis- copate so long withheld from the American colonists, who for years had persistently craved this boon in vain. The choice had primarily fallen on the excellent Thomas Bradbury Chandler, D.D. Oxon., of Elizabethtown, X. J., whose acknowledged abilities antl deep, ear- nest piet}' had long pointed him out as the one on whom this honor should be bestowed. But the ra\'ages of incurable disease were even then threatening his life; antl although he was spared for several years, and able to rentier ser\ice of inestimable \alue to the Church in the United States, he was a\'erse to accepting an appointment many of the duties of which it would be impossible to fulfil. It is said that, at the request of the archbishop of Canterbury to suggest one of his brethren to fill the place, he named his friend and former associate in the ministry in America, the late rector of Trinity, New York. On the 12th of August, 1787, Charles Inglis, D.D., some- time missionary at Dover, Del, and later catechist, assistant minis- ter, and rector ot Trinity Churcli, New York, was consecrated, in the chapel of Lambeth Palace, the first colonial bishop of the Eng- lish Church. His see was the prox'ince of Ni.iva Scotia, with New Brunswick, Canada, and Newfoundland included. The newly con- secrated bishop proceeded almost directly to his \ast jurisdictiiin. In a letter addressed to Bishop White, of Philadelphia, soon after the bishop of Nova Scotia had reached America, we have his im- pressions of his new field : " Hauf.a.x, DeccmLer 10, 17S7. " Mv GOOD Broiiikr WnrrE: . . . You have probably heard of my appointment as bishop of Nova Scotia and my arrival at this place. After many delays of office to which my patent was suljject, and much fatigue in forming the arrangements for a new diocese, I was consecrated at Lambeth on Sunday, the 1 2th of August, embarked for America the 28th of the same month, and arrived at Halifax October 15th. I found the state of this province nearly such as I suppose you found that of your diocese — in great want of the superintending care and inspection of a bishop ; and much need I have of the divine aid to enal)le me to discharge the duties of this station — much prudence, judgment, temper, and zeal guided by discretion are required. X'ova .Scotia is properly my diocese. I have the same authority given me over the clergy that bishojis have in England over their clergy; but the temporal powers vested in English bishops l)y the constitution are withheld; and this by my own choice, for I drew up the plan that was adopted. Ry another patent of later ilate, directed to me as bisliop of Nova Sci>ti.a, the same aiuhmity over the clergy of New Rrunswick, Canada, and Xcwfiaindland is given me that w.as xlvi IIIE EJ'ISCOIWTE /\ AMEKICA. grantfd before over the clergy of this province. I'or tliere are t«o jialents, which I should h-jve nie:i(ionC(l before — one is during my bfe, by which this province is consti- tuted a bisliop's see, and I am ai>]iointcd the first bishop; llie other is during the king's pleasure, and granting nie the same autliority with the former. This was a prudent mea- sure, and inteniled lo facilitate the appointment of bishops in those other provinces when it would be found expedient. . . . ^Iy extreme hurry at present prevents me from men- tioning several particulars wliich I wished to communicate. I shall be always ready by every method in my power to convince you that I am, w iih great esteem and « ilh sincere wishes for your success, " Right Reverend Sir, " Vour affectionate brother .ind humlile servant, " CiiARi.MS, Nova Sidua. " Ric;iri Ki viKiMi liisiKir WiiriF." 'I'lic currespcMulence of the finst bishop of Nova Scotia with l^ishnp White is full of interest, and gives in detail most interesting accounts of the bishop's visitations, his interminable journeys, his founding of King's College, Windsor, N. S., his building of churches and schools, his efforts for the spiritual development of his people, and his earnest desire to resent the encroachments of indifference and infidelity. He died full of years and honors, anil the hundred years and more that ha\e passed since the first bishop of the Church of England for the colonies was consecrated have witnessed the sending of these missionary apostles throughout the world. We append from data furnished by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Hale, bishop of Cairo, 111., the succession of bishops in the English line in British North America from Inglis to the present day. IV. THE METHODIST SL'I'ERIXTENDEN'CY OR EPISCOPACY. JVIETHODIST services were first held in America in 1766, by Philip Cushing in New York, and by Robert Strawbridge in Frederick County, Md. Both Cushing and Strawbridge had been Methodist preachers in their native country, Ireland. In i 769 Mr. Wesley sent over Richard Boardman and Joseph Pilmore. In 1771 he appointed Francis Asbury, and two years later Thomas Rankin, to represent him in America. None of these men were ordained, and all of them appear to have confined themselves to such work as Mr. Wesley deemed laymen might undertake, except Robert Straw- bridge, who as early as i 769 began to administer the sacraments without any ordination whatever. The minutes of the first Ameri- can Conference, held in Philadelphia in 1773, show that the follow- ing rules were unanimously agreed upon: ' I " Minutes of the .\nnual Conferences," vol. i., p. 5 (New York, 1850). IXTKUDiXTlOX. xlvii "(I) Every preacher who acts in connection witli Mr. Wesley ami the Inetlireii in America is strictly to avoid administering the ordinance-^ of lia]itlMn and the Lord's Su|i]ier. (2) All the people among whom we labor, to lie earnestly exhorted ti) attend tlieir cluirLli, and to receive the ordinance there, but in a jiarticular manner to press the pei->ple in Mary- land and \"irginia to the observance of this minute." Jesse Lee says : " The necessity of this rule apjjcared in the conduct of Mr. .Strawbriilge, a hical |ireacher. who had taken on him to administer the onlinancc among the MetlioiHsts. . . . We were only a religious society, and not a church." ' But Strawbridge would not change his conv^ictions or his coufse. In 1779 some of the preachers ministering in Virginia and Nortli Carolina " concluded that if God had called them to preach He had called them also to administer the ordinances of baptism and the Lord's Supper. They met together at the Conference held at the Broken Back Church this year, and after consulting together, the Conference chose a committee for the purpose of ordaining ministers. The committee thus chosen first ordained themseh'es, and then pro- ceeded to set apart other preachers for the same purpose, that they might administer the holy ordinances."-' Asbury denounced these irregular proceedings, " denying the authority by which the preach- ers acted, and declaring the ordination tf) which they had given existence invalid."^ The Conference in Baltimure, in 1780, "con- cluded that the)- did not look upon the Virginia preachers as Metho- dists in connection with Mr. Wesley ; and that Conference neither could nor would consider them as such, unless they came back to their former standing."* A compromise was finally adopted by which the recalcitrant preachers agreed temporarily to conform their practice to that of those in Maryland and Pennsylvania, Mr. Asbury promising to write to Mr. Wesley and ask his advice as to the qties- tion involved. At the close of the Re\-olutionary War Asbury wrote to Mr. Wesley, giving an account of the work under his charge. He spoke especially of the great difficulty of the Methodists' receiving the sacraments, those authorized to administer them being few in number and widely scattered. Still there was reason to believe that as the country returned to its normal state these difficulties would be lessened or wholly obviated. As it was, more than half of the Methodists in America li\-ed in Maryland and Virginia, in both which States there still remained a considerable number of clergy. In Virginia we are told that to meet the existing emergency, and to " prevent so far as possible a renewal of the complaint of the want of sacraments, some at least of the Episcopal clergy traveled over large circuits for the purpose of baptizing the children of Alethodists 1 Lee's " History of the Methodists," p. 47. - Il'i,/., p. 69. 3 Drew's " Life of Dr. Coke," p. 70 (Xew York, 1S57). ■1 Lee's " Mistory of the Methodists," ]). 72. xlviii I HE EI'ISCOI'AIE L\ AMERICA. and ailiniiiistcrintf tiie eucharisl, and coiuiiuicd to do so imlil the filial separation of the Methodists from the Church, vvitiioiit desir- ing or receiving for their ser\ices the smallest compensation." ' It is evitlcnt that Mr. Wesley formed an exaggerated idea of the ilestitution of religious pri\ileges in America. In referring to the American Methodists he says : " Since the late Revolution in Amer- ica these have been in great distress. The clergy, having no sus- tenance, ha\e been allowed, almost universally, to leaxe the coun- tr\- and seek their food elsewhere. I fence those who had been members of the Church had none eiliier to administer the Lord's Supper or to baptize their children."- He adds the statement that " for some hundred miles together there is none either to baptize or to administer the Lord's Supper."'' Wesley had in early life embraced the opinion that " bishops and presbyters were the same order, and conscquentl)- have the same right to ordain."^ For years he hatl been importuned to i)ut this opinion into practice by ordaining some of the traveling preachers who aspired to a higher station ; but he had alwa_\-s refused. A strong pressure was now brought to bear upon him to settle this long-mooted question. At the Conference held at Leeds in July, 1784, a plan was proposed, at first prix'ately, to a few clergxnien attending the Conference, that " Mr. Wesley should ordain one or two preachers for the societies in America. But the clergymen ap- ])roached opposed it. The celebrated Mr. Fletcher was consulted by letter as to this matter. In his reply he counseled that a bishoj) should be prevailed on, if possible, to f)rdain these men, and then Mr. Wesley might appoint them to such offices in the societies as he thought proper, and give them letters testimonial of the ajJiioint- ment he had given them."'' After much" persuasion Wesley finally resolved to " ordain " two of his preachers who had offered to go to America, and determined to send Dr. Coke across the Atlantic as his representative, with such powers as he would give him, to follow his exam]_)le in " ordaining " a few men chosen out of his preachers tliere. Wesh'\'s "Journal," under date of Bristol, Sept. I, 1784, contains the following entry: '■ Being now clear in my own mind, I took a step I had long weighed in my mind, and appointed Mr. Whatcoat and Mr. Vasey to go and serve the desolate sheep in America." ' On the same or the following day he " set apart as a superintendent, by the impo- sition of hands and prayer, . . . Thomas Coke, Doctor of Ci\il Law , 1 Hawks's ■■ t'ontrilnitions to Ecclesiastical History in tlie United .States of America," p. 149 (" Viri^inia"). 2 John Wesley's " Works," vol. vii., p. 314 (Xew York, 1840). 3 Letter to Dr. Coke, Mr. .\sbury, and others, in " Facsimiles of Church nocunicnts. " ^ Ihid. = Whitehead's'" Life of Weslev," vol. ii., p. 255. 6 Ibid. '' John Wesley's " Works," vol. iv., p. 139. /-Tid^ i^^^-o-*' ,^iCl~-^ -^ odU-*v*^ ^e.—*. .^^^ ^i:iiL<>/i^ ^ *-*- ^L-^-x.,.^. ,x^^»*^ ^^.-^.-^'^fe^ ^^ ^«^ 7"^^^ -^^^ ^y^ ^ ^^^.^^^ ^^ .^^...^ /^ S^.^^->-x^ 1»>^ had been, and was to continue to be, subi.irdinate to himself. Coke was sent out to act as joint superin- tendent, with Asbur_\\ over persons who ' desire io continue under my [that is, \\'esle\'s] care, and still adhere to the doctrines and discipline of the Church of England.''' And in Wesley's celebrated letter to Asbur_\ , rebuking the latter for assuming the title of bishop, W^esley says : 'There is indeed a wide difiference between the rela- tion wherein you stand to the Americans and the relation wherein I stand to all the Methodists. You are the elder brother of the American Methodists; I am, under Cod, the father of the whole family. Theretore I naturally care foi' you all, in a manner no other person can do. Therefore I natin"ally provide for you all; for the supplies which Dr. Coke provitles for you, he could not ]irovide were it not for me — were it not that I not only [)ermit him to col- lect, but support him in so doing.' " ^ Wesley had long before pointed out lh.it la\ing on of hands did not necessarily mean orilination : "That the se\'en deacons were ordained, e\en to that office, cannot be denied. Hut when I'aul and Barnabas were separated for the work to which the\- were called this was not ortlaining them. St. Paul was ordaineti long- before, and that ' not of men, nor by men.' It was only inducting them to the pidxince for which our Lord had appointed them from the be;ginning. I-'oi' this end the prophets and teachers fasted and pra_\'ed, and laid their hands upon them — a rite which was used, not in ordination, but in blessing, and on man_v other occasions." ' It is with this view that Dr. Coke, in a letter written shorth' betoi'e the occurrence in question, and while Mr. Wesley was still undecided, urges W^esley to lay his hands upon him, not so much — if, indeed, at all — for the conve_\'ance of any spiritual power, as because, to use 1 Extract from a I, Liter of .\p|i(iintnKiU yiven I>r. ('cilvc liv I. Wcslev, in DrcH's " Life of Dr. Coke." 2 The bishop of Cairo, III., Dr. C. K. Hale, in '■ The .\meriean Church an.l Metho- dism," pp. lO, II. 3 Extract from a Letter of .\|ip.iintnient ^iven Dr. Coke liy J. Wesley, in Drew's " Life of Dr. Coke." * In Moore's " Life of Wesley," vol. ii., p. 265. . 5 John Wesley's " Works," vol. x.. p. 237. 1 THE KriSCOr.lTE 1.x AMERICA. Coke's words, " .An ;uitliorit_\- formally receixcd from j'oii will (I am conscious of il) bt- fully admitted by the people, and my exercising the office of ordination without that formal authority may be dis- puted, if there be any opposition on any other account." ' " Wesley's ordination of W'hatcoat and V'asey," to quote again from Bishop Hale,- " and his laying on of hands upon Coke, with whatexer intent, were acts done in his own chamber in l^ristol, and with the utmost secrecy. ' I was then in Bristol,' writes Cliarles Wesley, " at his elbow, yet he never ga\'e me the least hint of his intention, llow was he surprised into so rash an action?'' It seems to lia\e been some time before w-hat was done was generally k-nown ill l-',ngland, and when it was, Wesley's best friends were of one mind in their surprise and disapproval, and in their conviction that he had acted under ill advice. Charles Wesley wrote: 'After we ha\ing continued friends for above seventy years, and fellow- laborers for abo\e fift\-, can anything but death ])art us? 1 can .scarcely yet believe that in his eighty-second year m\- brother, \w\ old intimate friend and companion, should have assumed the epis- copal character, ordained elders, consecrated a bishop, and sent him to ordain the lay preachers in America. . . . Lord Mansfield told me last year that ordination wz."^ separation ! This my brother does not and will n"t see, or that he has renounced the principles and prac- tice of his whole life, that he has acted contrary to all his declara- tions, protestations, and writings, robbed his friends of their boast- ing, realized the Nag's Head ordination, and left an indelible blot on his name.' ■• " As has already been said, there seems no reason, from any- thing Mr. Wesley said or wrote, to conclude that he attempted to make Dr. Coke a bishop, or that he thought of him, after Sept. 2, I 784, as other than a presbyter, subordinate to himself. But when Charles Wesle_\- and others spoke of his act as one of would-be bishop-making, John Wesley preferred to let the charge pass with- out either admission, denial, or adequate explanation. He was ne\er averse to taking responsibility, and, conscious, as it would seem, that his act was at least liable to be criticized, he would not disarm criticism as to himself by throwing the blame, even where he might justly do so, upon others. Dr. Whitehead, the physician and one of the literary executors of Wesley, and the one chosen to preach the sermon at his funeral, writes thus: "An old preacher, writing to his friend, delivers his opinion to the following purpose: 'I w^ish they had been asleep 1 Set- tlie whole of tliis very curious letter, in Whitclicail's " Life of Wesley," vol. ii-, p. 25v - " The .\iiierie.in Chureh ami Methodism.' pp. 12, 13. 3 Letter of Charles Weslev to Dr. Chandler, in " Facsimiles of Church Documents." < lln.t. /\TKODCCT/OX. li wlien tlie}' beyan tliis business of ordination. It is neither Epis- copal nor Presbyterian, but a mere hodge-potlye of inconsistencies. Though it must be allowed that Mr. Wesley acted uniler the influ- ence of others, yet he had some reasons for the step he took, which at the moment appeared to him to justify it. Perhaps the\- may not appear in the same light to others, and [irobably would not to himself had he not been biased by persuasion.' " ' Alexander Knox, who was well acquainted with Wesley and held him in high esteem, writes: "Nothing, surely, could ha\e e\inced pure weakness of mini.! more clearly than the strange business of making Coke a bishop. That Dr. C. urged Mr. Wesle\- to this pru- ceeding, I know with certainty from the doctor himself; and full acquaintance with the well-meaning but very inconsiderate man makes me feel that Mr. Wesley could scarcely have had a more un- fortunate ad\iser. ... In one of my first interviews with Mr. Wes- ley after the occurrences in question I thought it right to disclose to him my whole mind upon the subject, and from the manner in which he heard me, and from what he said in reply, I saw clearl\- that he felt himself in a \-ortex of difificulties, and that in the steps he had taken, the yielding to what he thought pressing exigencies, he nevertheless had done violence to undissembled and rooted feeling." - In a letter addressed to the Knglish Conference, in 1793, by the trustees of the principal Methodist chapels in London and Bristol, a number of these trustees being persons long intimate with ^Ir. Wes- ley, we find this testimony: "Although Mr. Wesle}-, by dint i>f importunity, toward the close of his life, was persuaded to ordain a few of his preachers for America and Scdtlaiul, he b\- no means intended to make it general."^ To quote again the bishop of Caini:^ " In regard to nrdinations for America, Mr. Wesley and some of the others concernetl ap- proached the matter fmm different standpoints. He dcprccatcii separation from the Church; they desired it. He gave such com- mission as he could to Whatcoat and \'ase\', and encouraged or directed Dr. Coke to follow his example, because of the exaggerated idea he had of the fewness of clergy in America, and fearing lest such scarcity should long continue. There were others, how'e\'er, whose anxiety was to bring about the organization of the Metho- dists in America into a separate bod3^ before the American Church, which they justl\" recognized as ' the same Church, though altered in its name,' ' which had been known before the Rex'olution as the I Whilehea.rs " Life of Wesley," vol. ii.. ].. 25S. - In .in .Appendi.x to Soutfiey'.s " Life of Wesley," vol. ii., y\i. ^vS-^iio 1 N\\v York). 3 See "John Wesley's I'lace in Church History," ]). 162, liy K. I). I rlin. ■* " The .-Vnieriean Church and Methoilisni." pp. 14, 15. 5 Minutes of ly.S;, reprinted in " The History of the f )iscipline," etc.. p. 93, l.y Roli.-rt Emory. lii I III: EI'ISCOI'AI I: l.\ AMERICA. ' Clnircli (if I'.iij^laiKi,' could cninplctc its ori^aiiizatiim and occupy tills land. It was not iinknown, to some at least of those, what ])rompt steps were taken to tliis end so soon as peace was restored. " Dr. Coke, in his letter to Hisho]5 Seabury, May 14, 1791, con- fessed : ' Beini; educated a member of the Church of England from my earliest infancy, ... I was almost a bigot in its favor when I first joined that great and good man, Mr. John Wesley, which is fourteen _\ears ago [that is, in 1777]. I'or four or five years after my union with Mr. Wesley I remained fi.xed in my attachment to the Church of I^ngland, but afterward, for many reasons which it would be te(liiinili;s of Cliurcli Documents." - Ilampson's " Memoir of Wesley," vol. ii.. p. iSy. 3 Rev. !'>.ekiel Cooper, quoted by John lOniorv, in " Defense of our Fathers," p. 52 (New York, 1828). J.\-/7^0DC-Cy70X. liii William Sniilh, D.D.,' fn_)ni which \vc make a few extracts: " W'e could iKit think," saitl land, Feb. 9, 1858, aged €8. Died in Ohio, Sept. 2, 1874, aged 80. Resigned 1B52 ; d. in Ohio, March 23, 1865. Died in N. Y. City, Sept. 18, 1876, aged (9. Died in Odessa, Del., July 13, 1882, aged 79. Died ill Philailelplii:,. June 18, 1884, aged 72. D. Ill C. 11. nl, \ H . Dec. 20. i87i,aged '9. Died II: I. I I, I \|iril 25, 18:9, aged72' Died III I 1 11 M.iy 23, 1871. aged 59. Died 111 U III . 11... W , Va., March 22, U70. Died 111 l'.e> root, ^yria, April 6, 1870. College president when elected. Died in N. Y. City, Sept. 2, 1887, aged it). Pres. theological seminary vhen elected. Died in Foochow, China, Nov. 22, 1864. Editor when elected. Pastor when elected. Died in Maiden. Mass., Jan. 3, 1880. Died in Syracrse, N. Y., May 17, 1S83. Pastor when elected. College president when elected. Pres. theological seminary when elected. Died in Salem, Ore., Aug. 2, 1881, aged 60. President Biblical Institute when elected. Book-agent when elected. Presiding elder when elected. Missionary secretary when elected. Secretary Sunday-school Union when elected. Recording missionary secretary when elected. Pastor when elected. Pastor w hen elected. Secretary Board of Education when elected. 1840 N. Y. East... 1859 1S09 Liberia 1838! Died in Baltimore. April 18, 1863, " ! Liberia 1838 Died in Liberia, Jan. 30, 1875. 2, 1821 Bahi 7, 1836 Pittsburg. ll Local preacher when elected, i! Presiding elder when elected. 1 Bishops Bums. Roberts, and Taylor, missionary bishops for Africa; Bishop Thobum, missionary bishop for India and Malaysia. j.xjKonccy/ox. V. THE EPISCOPATE (IF THE Rn>[.\X CATHOLIC CO>nH"\inX IN IIH-: IXITEIi SIAIKS. The fifteentli liay i)f August, A.li. 1890, was the cciUtiiaiA- of ,1 no- table ex'ent in vVmerican ecclesiastical annals. ( )ii Sundax', the fif- teenth day of August, 1790, the feast of the AssuniptiMn nf the Blessed Virgin Mary, in the pri\ate chapel of Lullworth Castle, Dor- setshire, England, Dr. Ji)hn Carroll was consecrated the first bishop of Baltimore. It was thus that the Roman Catholic hieraiclu' of the United States was founded. The consecrator was the Rt. Re\-. Dr. Charles W'almesley, titular bishop of Rama and srinor \'icar apostolic of the English Roman Catholics. By special direction of the papal bull authorizing this consecration, the bishop of Rama was assisted in this solemn function by two attendant priests, no regard being paid to the ancient canon requiring the presence and participation of three bishops in the ele\ation of a |Ji-iest to the episcojjate. The raie, possibly unique, contemporarx' pamphlet published b_\- authorit}-, and gi\ing the only account of this e\ent extant, thus tlescribes it : " By invitation of Thomas Weld, Esq.. the conseci'atioii of the new bishop was performed during a solemn high mass in the elegant chapel of LuIIworth Castle, on Sunday, the fifteenth da\- of August, I 790, being the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary ; and the munificence of that gentleman omitted no circumstance which could possibly add dignity to so \'enerable a ceremony. The two prelates were attended by their respective assistant priests and acolytes, according to the rubric of the Roman ])ontifical ; the rich- ness of their vestments, the music of the choir, the multitiule of wax lights, and the ornaments of the altar concurred to increase the splendor of the solemnit\-, which made a lasting impression upon every beholder." ^ It is of interest in connection with this ele\atioii to the epi--co])al ofifice of Dr. Carroll to notice that the choice of the first bishoj) of 1 "A short account of tlie e>-tal>lisliment of tlie new see of Baltimore in .Maryluncl, and of consecrating the Kt. Rev. Dr. John Carroll first bishop tliereof, on the feast of the Assumption, 1790 ; with a iliscourse tlelivered on that occasion, and the authority for con- secrating the bishop and erecting and administering the said see. To which are added extracts from the different bills of right and the Constitution of the United States — that liberty of conscience is the birthright of every man, and an exclusion of any religious test forever." (London, printed by J. P. Coghlan, No. 37 Dulic .Street, Grosvenor Square, 1790; 8vo, pp. 32.) This tract is in the possession of the bishop of Iowa. It was represented in facsimile by the Historical Club a few years ago. It is to lie issued again in facsimile in the " American Catholic Historical Researches," edited by Martin I,. Grif- fin, of Philadelphia. An edition of the original was issued in Dublin in 1790. Ivi /■///•.■ IJ'ISCOI'Ari-: I.\ AMERICA. ]5allim(irc', with tlic particular auUiorizalioii of Popt- Pius \'l, — " by special i^raiit and for this first time only " ; such is the language of the bull — was intrusted to the American priests having cure of souls. Twenty-six priests assembled in pursuance of this authorization, and after deciding upon Baltimore as the proper place for the estab- lisiiment of the new see, cast their votes for a bishop. Dr. Carroll (the superior of the Jesuit mission in the United States), the brother of the jxitriot Ciiarles Carroll, of Carrollton, a .signer of the Dec- laration of Independence, received twenty-four of the whole num- ber of votes cast. The Roman Catholic hierarchy in the United States is thus foimded ujion a ])i>i>ular election, by papal order and by priests, not bisliojjs. Thoni^h " for this first time only," and " by special grant," there was surely here a recognition by the head of the Roman Catholic Church of American institutions and ideas. Lullworth Castle, whert' tliis important function took place, is in Dorsetsliire, ICngland. Pnih on or near the site of an ancient " donjon-keep " referred to in the old chronicles as existing in the earlier half of tiie twelfth century, the present edifice was not erected till near the close of the sixteenth century. In 1641 it passed into the hands of the Weld family, and at the time of the consecration of Dr. Carroll, Thomas Weld, Ivsq., was lord of the manor, and a de\"out and distinguished member of the Roman Catholic Church. Later in life he became a cardinal of the "Holy Roman Church." The chapel, which he had erected but shortly be- fore its use for this great function, is but a short distance from the castle. It is a structure of circular form, increased by four sections of a circle so as to form a cross. It is furnished with a dome and lantern. The altar is compo.sed of choice and costly marbles, and the ornaments of this exquisite little oratory are of unusual mag- nificence. The castle of Lullworth has been again and again the abode, for a longer or shorter period, of monarchs ; but the fact that it was the .scene, on the feast of the Assumption, August 15, 1790, of the consecration of Dr. Carroll and the founding of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States gives this picturesque structure its chief claim to remembrance. /\JKOJH'C770X. Ivii ARCHDIOCESE OF BALTIMORE.— C.imprises all the counties of .Maryland lying west of the Chesapeake Hav, as aKn ili-; Iii-inu .if Colnmbia. Must Rev I ii!i ' ,M II. I' I i , ..II, .\ug. 15, 1790; tl. 1815. Most Rev I , 1-1 ..ns. Dec. 7, 1800; d. 1817. Most Rev \ .1 ; .. I I h . cons. Dec. 14, 1817: d. 1828. Most Rev. I 1:1.. . Wl.iiii. i.l III', .;..ns. May 25, 1828; d. 1834. Most Rev. Samuel Kccleslun, L) U., cons. Sept. 14. 1834; d. 1851. Must Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, D.D., promoted Aug. 19. 1851; d. 1863. Must Rev. Martin John Spalding, D.D., cons. Sept. 10, 1848; promoted May 3, 1864: d. 1872. Most Rev. James Roosevelt Kavlev. D.D., cons Oct. 30, 1853: promoted luly 30, i8-.2: d. 1S77. His Eminence James. L.nhii.il i .if.l.ons, cuns. A[ig. 16, 1868 ; trans, to fee of Richmund, Va., July 30, 1S72 ; promoted to see i.f l.ilun.i.i' , ' 1. t :;. 1S77 ; created cardinal, June 7, 1S86. Vicar-General, Rt Kci \l.;i I .Ki nd .McColgan. ARCHDIOCESE OF BOSTON.— See erected 1808: created an archbishopric 1875. Comprises the counties of Esse.x, Middlesex, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Plymouth, m the State of .Massachusetts, the towns of Mattapoisett, Marion, and Wareham excepted. Rt. Rev. John Cheverus, cons. Nov. i, 1810; trans to Montauban, thence to Bordeaux; d. cardinal abp. of Bordeaux, July 19, 1836. Rt. Rev. Benedict J. Fenwick, cons. Nov. i, 1825; d. Aug. 11, 1846. kt. Rev. John B Fitzpatrick, cons. March 24, 1844; d. Feb. n, i8t6. Most Rev. John Joseph Williams. U D., coi:s. March 11. 1866; created first abp. of Boston, Feb. 12, 1875. .Aiivlli.iry bishi.p. Rt. Rev. John Brady, D.D., titular bp. of Alabanda; cons. Aug. 5, i8qi. ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO. Established 1844; created an archbishopric 1880. Comprises IIU- .inis n.irth if ihe south line of Whiteside, Lee. De K.alb, CJrundy, and Kankakee counties. Kt. Rev. William (Quarter, D D., cons. March 10, 1844: d. April 10, 1S48. Rt. Rev. James O. Van DeVelde, D.D., cons. 1848; trans to Natchez, 1853: d. 1855. Rt. Rev. Anthony O'Regan, D.D., cons. July 25, 1854 ; trans, to Dora, 1858; d. 1865. Rt. Rev. J.imes Duggan, D.D., cons. bp. of Antigone and coad. to the abp. of St. Lotiis, May 3, 1857: trans, to Chicago, Jan. 21, 1859; removed tS8o, on account of infirm health. Rt. Rev. Thomas Foley, D.D., coad. bp. and administrator of the diocese; cons. bp. of Pergamus. Feb. 27, 1870; d. Feb. IQ, 1879. Most Rev. Patrick .4. Feehan, D.D., cons. bp. of N.ashville, Nov. i, 1865; promoted to Chicago, Sept. 10, 18S0. ARCHDIOCESE OF CINCINNATI.— See erected 1821; made an archbishopric 1850. Comprises that p.irt of Ohio lying south of 40° 41', being the counties soiuh of the northern line of Mercer, Auglaize, Hardin, all west of the eastern line of Marion, Union, and Madison counties, and a.l west of the Scioto River to the Ohio River. Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, D.D., cons. Jan. 13, 1822; d. Sept. 26, 1832. .Most Rev. John Baptist Purcell, D.D , cons. Oct. 13, 1833; d. July 4. 1883. Most Rev. William Henry Elder. D.D..cons. bp. of Natchez, May 2, 1857; appointed titular bp. of .Avara ami . ...nl 1. 1 the .it.p . ..■<<« mr,- suuissiimis, Jan. 30, 1880; succeeded to the see of Cincinnati, July 4, 18^3; inM...l. li uilli ihv p.illiuiii. li... I ;, 1883. ARCHDIOCESE OF DUBUQUE, lA.— The province of Dubuque comprises the Stales of Iowa, Nebraska, and Wyuniuig ; established 1S93. In 1837 the diocese of Dubuque was established ; it became a metropolitan see in 1S93, and comprises Iowa north of Harrison, Shelby, Audubon, Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Jasper, Poweshiek, Iowa, Johnson. Cedar, and Scott counties. Rt. Rev. Matthias Loras, D.D., cons. Dec. 10, 1837; d. Feb. 19, 1853. Rt. Rev. Clement Smyth, D.D . cons. M.ay 3, 1857; d. Sept. 22, 1865. Most Rev J.ihn Hcniiessy, D.D . cons. Sept. 30, 1I.60. ARCHDIOCESE OF MILWAUKEE.— Established 1844 ; created an archbishopric 1875. Comprises the suiith iif Wis, uiiMii. Most Rev. luhn Martin Henni, D.D., cons. March 19, 1844: created abp., 1875: d. Sept. 7, 1881. Most Rev. Michael Heiss. D.D., cons. bp. of La Crosse, Sept. 6, 1868; appointed coad. of Milwaukee and titular abp. of Adrianople, March 14, 1880; d. .March 26, 1890. Most Rev. F. X. Katzer, cons. bp. of Cireen Bay, Sept. 21, 18S6; promoted to Milwaukee, Jan. 30, 18 o Vicar-liener.il. Rt. Rev. A. Ze.ninger. ARCHDIOCESE OF NEW ORLEANS.- Established 1703. Comprises Louisiana between the twenty- ninth and thirtv-first degrees of north latitude. Rt. Rev. Louis Penalver y Cardenas, D.U., cons. 1793 ; trans, to Guatemala, 1802. Francis Porro, D.D., bp- elect. Ut. Rev. William V. Dubourg, D.D.. cons. Sept. 24, 1S15; d. abp. of Besan;on. December. 1833. Rt. Rev. Joseph Rosati, D.D., CM., cons. March 2$, 1824, bp. of Tenagie and coad ; trans, to St. I.onis, March 27, 1827. Rt. Rev. Leo Dc Neckere, D.D., CM., cons. 1829; d. Sept. 4, 1833. Most Rev. Anthony Blanc, cons. Nov. 22, 1835; d. June :o, i860 Most Rev. J. M. Odin, D.D.. cons. bp. of Claudiopolis and vicar apostolic of Texas, March 6, i3/j, Irans. to Galveston, 1847; promoted to New Orleans, 1861 ; d. at Ambierle, France, May 25. 1870. Most Rev. Napoleon J. Perche, cons, bp, of Abdera and coad.. May i, 1870; promoted to the see .- New Orleans, May 25, 1870: d. December. 1S83. Most Rev. F. X. Leray, D.D., cons. bp. of Natchitoches, April 22, 1877; appointed coad. of New Or- leans and bp. of Janopolis, Oct. 23, 1879 : promoted to the see of New Orieans, Dec. 27, 1883 ; d. Sept. 23, 1887. at Chateaugiron, France. Most Rev. F. Janssens, D.D., cons. bp. of Natchez. May i, 1881 ; promoted to the see of New Orleans. Aug. 7, 18S8. ARCHDIOCESE OF NEW YORK.— See erected 1808; created an archbishopric 1850. Comprises the city and county of New York, and the counties of Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess, Ulster, Sullivan, Orange, Rockland, and Richmond ; also the Bahama Islands. Iviii /■///. El' J SCO PA J !•: I.\ AMERICA. Rt. Rev. R. I.ukcConcancn, O.P., D.D., cons April =4, i£o8; d. 1810. Kl. Rev. John Connolly, O.l'., U.U., cons. Nov. 6, 1814; d. 1825. Rt. Rev. John Dubois, cons. Oct. 29, 1826; d. 1842. Most Rev. John Hughes, U. D., cons, titular bp. of Basileopolis and coad. to the bp. of New York, Jan. 7, 1838; succeeded to the see, 1842 ; created first abp., 1850: d. J.-in. 3, 1864. His Eminence John, Cardinal McCloskey, cons, titular bp. of Axicre and coad. to the bp. of New York, March 10, 1844 : trans, to the see of Albany, May 21, 1847 ; promoted to the sec of New York, May 6, 1864 : created cardinal priest of the Hojy Roman Church, March 15, 1875: d. Oct. 10, 1885. Most Rev. Michael .\uKUstine Corrigan, D.D., cons. bp. of Newark, N. J., May 4, 1873: promoted to the archit-pisropnl 500 cf New Ndrk and made coad. to his Eminence Cardinal McCloskey, Oct. i, 1880; Vicar.i;.nir.,l, Kl K, v, ' .Mgr, Join. .M. Farley. ARCHDIOCESE OF OREGON CITY.-Eslablifhed 1846. Comprises the State of Oregon. Most Rev. Francis Norbcrt lilanchet, abp. of Amida; resigned 1880; d. June 18, 1883. Most Rev. Charles J. Scghers, cons. bp. of Vancouver's Island, Jui.e 29, 1873 : coad. to abp. of Oregon City, Dec. 10, 187S; abp.. Dec. 20, 1880: resigned 1884, and trans, to Vancouver's Island: d. Nov. 28, 18S6. Most Rev. William H. Gross, D.D., promoted from Savannah, Ga., to the archiepiscopal see of Oregon City, Feb. I. 1885. ARCHDIOCESE OF PHILADELPHIA.— See established 1808: erected an archbishopric Feb. ii, 1875. Comprises all the cily and c.niiuy of Philadelphia, and the counties of Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Delaware. Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton, and Schuylkill. Rt. Rev. Michael Kgan. D.D , O.S.F., cons. Oct. 28, 1810; d. 1814. Rt. Rev. Henry Conwcll, D.D., cons. 1820: d. 1842. Rt. Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, D.D., cons. June 6, 1830: ttan>. to Baltimore, 1851 ; d. July 8, 1863. •■ ■■ •' •• ■• nn, D.D., C.r~ •■ Rl. Rev. John Nepomucene Neumann, D.D., C.S.S.K., cons. March 28, 1852; d. Jan. 5, i860. Most Rev. James Frederic Wood, D.D., cons, coad., cum jure successionis, April 26, 1857; bp. o( Philadelphia, Jan. 5, i860; created abp., June 17, 1875; d. June 30, 1883. Most Rev. Patrick John Ryan, D.D., LL.D., cons. April 14, 1872, bp. of Tricomia and coad., c.j. s., of the abp of Si, l.oiiis ; abp of Salamis, Jan. 6, 1884 ] abp. of Philadelphia, June 8. 1884. Vii:ar-i;<-.ie,al. k'l Rev. Mgr. Nicholas Cantwell ARCHDIOCESE OF ST. LOUIS.— See established 1826: created an archbishopric 1847. Comprises that part 'it .Missouri e.ist of Chariton River and of the west line of the counties of Cole, Maries, Pulaski, Texas, and Howell, Rt. Rev. Joseph Rosati, D.D., CM., cons. March 25, 1824, bp. of Tenagre and coad. of New Orleans; trans, to St. Louis, March 27, 1827, Most Rev, Peter Richard Kenrick, D.D., cons. Nov. 30, 1841, bp. of Drasa and coad.; bp. of St. Louis, 1843: abp.. 1847. Most Rev, John Joseph Kaiii. D.D,, abp. of O.vyrynchia; coad. and administrator of the archdiocese. ARCHDIOCESE OF ST. PAUL.— See established 1850; made a metropolitan see 1888. Comprises the following counties of the State of Minnesota, viz., Ramsey, Hennepin, W.xshington, Chicago, Anoka, Dakota, .Scott, Wright, Rue. Le Sueur, Carver. Nicollet, Sibley. McLeod, Meeker, Redwood. Renville, Kandiyohi, Lyon, Lincoln, Yellow Medicine, Loc qui-Parle, Chippewa, Swift, Goodhue, Brown, and Big Stone. Rt. Rev. Joseph Cretin, D.D., cons. Jan. 26, T851 ; d. Feb. 22, 1857. Most Rev. Thomas L. Grace, D.D. , cons. July 24, 1839; res. July 31, 18S4; titular bp. of Mennith ; r.aised Sept. 24, 1889, to the archiepiscopal dignity and titular of Sinnia. Most Rev. John Ireland, D.D., cons. Dec. 21, 1875, bp. of Maronea and coad,; succeeded to the see oi St. Paul, July II. 1884 ; made .ihp.. M.av l=i, 1888. Vicar r.cTier.il. Kl. K.,> M^i I \ (, aillct. ARCHDIOCESE OF SAN FRANCISCO.— Established 1853. Comprises the counties of San Fran- cisco, ,S.in M.itc.f. >.iii |, , s. ,,,, i ,11.,^ Sonoma, Alameda, Contra Costa, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Napa, Sulanu, and tli,>se puui,.ii-^ .., .^.lal.i Cruz, .Santa Clara, and Merced lying north of 37° 5' northern lati- tude. Rt. Rev. Francis Garcia Diego y Moreno, O.S.F., cons. Oct, 4, 1840, bp, of both Californias; d. April 30, 1846. Most Rev. Joseph Sadoc .-Memany, O.S. D,, cons, bp. of Monterey, June 30, 1850; promoted to San Francisco, July 29, 1853 ; res. December, 1884 ; d. in Valencia, Spain, April 14, 1888. Most Rev. Patrick W. Riordan, D.D., cons, Sept. 16, 1883, bp. of Cabesa and coad. of .Abp, Alemany, C.J. s., and succeeded to the see Dec. 28, 1884. ARCHDIOCESE OF SANTA FE.— See established 1850; created an archbishopric 1875. Comprises the Territory of New Mexico, Dona -Ana and Grant counties excepted. Most Rev. J, 11, Lamy, cons. Nov. 24, 1850; created first abp., 1875; res. July 18, l8?5; d, Feb, ij, 1888. Most Rev. J. B. Salpoinle, cons. June 20, 1869 ; coad. of Santa Fe, April 22, 1884 ; succeeded to the see. July 18, 1885: res. Feb. 19, 1894; appointed abp. titular of the see of Tomi. Most Rev. P. L, Chapelle, D D., appointed bp. of .-Vrabissus and coad. of Santa Fe, c.J. ,s., Aug, 71, 1891 : cons. Nov, I, 1891 : promoted to the titular archiepiscopal see of Sebaste, May 10, 1893 ; succeeded to the see of Santa Fe, Feb. 19. 1804, DIOCESE OF ALBANY.— Established 1847: incorporated Oct. 9, 1894, under the laws of the State of New York, with the title "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany." Comprises the countiesand portions of counties in the State of New York that are bounded on the north by the norlhem line of the county of Warren, and portions of the counties of Herkimer and Hamilton, north o'f the northern line of the townships of Ohio and Russia, in the county of Herkimer; on the east by the State of Massachusetts and portions of Vermont; on the south by the southern line of the counties of Columbia, Greene, and Delaware: and on the west by the western line of Otsego and Herkimer and portions of Hamilton. Most Rev. John McCloskey, D.D,. appointed bp. of Axiere and coad. to the »p. of New York, Nov. 21, 1843; cons. March 10, 1844: trans, to Albany, May 21, 1847: promoted to New York, May 6, 1864. Rt. Rev. John J. Conroy, cons. Oct 15, 1865 ; res. Oct. 16, 1877 ; trans, to the see of Curium, March 22, 1878. IXIRODCCTIOX. lix Rt. Rev. Francis McNeirny, D.D.,con5. bp. of Rhesina amltoad, to the bp. of Albany, April ii, 1872 ; iucceeded to the see, Oct. 16, 1877 : d. Jan. 2, 1894. Rt. Rev. Thomas M. A. Burke, D.D., cons. July i, 1894. DIOCESE OF ALTON, ILL.— Formerly diocese of Quincy; erected July 29, 1853: see transferred to Altiin, Jan. q. 18^7. Comprises that part of Illinois lying south of the counties of Adams, Brown, Cass, Menard. .Sangamon. Macon, Moultrie, Douglas, and Edgar, and north of the southern limits of the counties te erected Jan. 7, 1S87. Coinprises Illin.iis south of the northern Iniilts.if ihc L.iiiiilics .iM (.1.111, I. lint. .n, .Marion, Clay, Richland, and Uawrence. kt K..A Jnl.n J..n,,cn, nil. cMii,, April 25, 1888. DIOCESE OF BOISE CITY.— Established as a vicariate apostolic March 3, 1S68: erected a dioce-c Aug. 25, 1S93. Comprises the blate of Idaho. Finit vicar apostolic, Rt. Rev. Louis Lootens, D.D., cons. bp. of Castabala. Aug. 0, 186S; res 1870. Administrators. Most Rev. F. N. Klanchet. D.D., and Most Rev. C. J. Seghers. D.D. First bishop. Rt. Rev. A. J. Glorien.v. D.D., cons, titular bp. of ApoUonia, April 19, 188s: trans, to the see of Hni.e City, Aug, 26, 1893. DIOCESE OF BROOKLYN, N. Y.— Established iSsv Comprises Long Island, in the Slate of New York. Rt. Rev. Jc.lm LMUshlin, D.D., cons, Oct. 10, 1853: d. Dec. 29. i8qi. Rt. Rev, (.h.irks K McDonnell. D,D., cons, April 25, 1892. \icar.Uciicr.,l. Rl Rev Mgi, Mich.ael .M.ay, DIOCESE OF BUFFALO.— Established 1847. Comprises the counties of Erie. Niagara, ( ienesee, ■Orleans. Chautauqua, Wyoming, Cattaraugus, Steuben, Chemung, 'iioga, Allegany, and ,^chu)ler, in the State of New York. Rt Rev, |ohn Timon, DD.. CM., cons. Oct. 17, 1847: d. April 16, 1867. Kl Rev, Stephen V, Rvan, DD,, CM., cons. Nov. 8, 1868. \ i, ir-iien.r.il. Ki Kex'M^r William Uleeson. DIOCESE OF BUELINGTON.- Established 1S53. Comprises the State of Veniiont. kt K. ^ I ..ui. !>.. I :.i,;,l„i.,iKl. D.D,. cons. Oct. 30, 18^3. I'l I'.. Ill- M,! nl, |i D , titularbp. of Modra; cons. June 29. 1892, coad. tobp. of liiirlington. DIOCESE OF CHARLESTON.— Est.ablished 1S20. Comprises the State of .South Carolina, I" I I'l,. I 1 11 , cons. Sept. 21, 1820; d. 1842, |.;i I- . W, :,iiii ■,, V, |iD,,coad.; made vicar apostolic of British Guiana, 183S : d. 1S47. Rt. Rev. Ign.itius A Reynolds, D.D., cons. March 14, 1858: d. Feb. 2b, 1882. Rt. Rev. H. P. Northrop, D.D.,cons. titularbp. of Rosalia and vicar .apostolic of North Carolina. Ian, 8. 1882 : trans, to Charleston. Ian. 27, 18S3. Vicar-lieneral, Rt. Rev. Mgr. D. J. Quigley. DIOCESE OF CHEYENNE.— Erected Aug. 9, 18S7. Comprises the Slate of Wyoming, kl k..> M,.iir;,tl iMiiku. DD. cons. Oct. 28, 1S87. DIOCESE OF CLEVELAND.— Established October, 1847. Comprises that portion of the St.ile of ■Ohio lying north of the southern limits of Columbiana, Stark, Wayne, .-Ashland. Richland, Craufird. U van. ■ dot, Hancock, .Allen, and Van Wert counties. Rt. Rev. Amadeus Rappe, D.D., cons. Oct. 10, 1847; res. Aug. 22, 1870: d. Sept. 8. 1S77. Rt, Rev, Rich.ird 1 iilnioiir, II I) , cons, .\pril 14, 1872; d. April 13, 1801. kl l'.> I.;m,;ii-I II ■i-fn ,1,11, D D., c.-<.o ;;..- 1 1;.... k,\Li ..u the east and the Scioto River on the west, together with the conn- ties of Franklin, Delaware, and .Morrow. Rt. Rev. S. H. Rosecrans. D.D., cons, titular bp. of Pompeiopolis and au.xiliary bp. of Cincinnati, March 25, 1862: trans, to Columbus, March 3, 186S; d. Oct. 21. 187S. Rt, Rev, John Ambrose Watterson. D.D., cons. Aug. 8, 1880. DIOCESE OF CONCORDIA. -Established Aug. 2, 1S87. Comprises the northwestern part of Kansas, ,i e,, the connlics of Cloud, kcpiiblic, (.Ittawa, SaUne, Jewett, .Mitchell. Lincoln, Ellsworth. Smith. Osborne, Rlls^cll. I'liillip... Ri-.k,. I li;~, Norton. Graham, Trego, Decatur, Sheridan, Gore, Rawlins, Thomas, Lo-.in, 1 ■ X' : ^: . I : , ■, inrl Walhice. I': I I !1. II D , cons. Nov. 30, 1887; trans, to Omaha, December, 1890. Aiii ii I I I hii Joseph Hennessy, D.D. . bp. of Wichita; appointed April 3. 1891. DIOCESE OF COVINGTON.— Established 1853. Comprises Kentucky east of the Kentucky River and of the western liinil of Carroll, Owen, Franklin. Woodford. Jessamine, Garrard. Rock Castle, Laurel, ,uid Whitley counties. Rt. Rev. George Aloysius Carrell. D.D.. cons. Nov. i, 1853; d. Sept. 25. 1868. Kl Riv Augiistns Maria Toebbe. D.D.. cons. Jan. 9. 1870; d, .May 2. 1884. Rl Klv l.aiiillltis Paul Maes, D.D, cons. Jan. 25, 1885. DIOCESE OF DALLAS.— Established 1800. Comprises one hundred and eight counties in the north- ern and ii.irlliues[,;rn (..irlions ofTc.vas, Rt Rev 1 hniu.is I ,,,i„ i. krcin.m. D.D.. cons. April 5, 1801 ; res. 1892. kt k./x F J Dunne, D D , - Nov. 30, 1892. DIOCESE OF DAVENPORT.- Erected 1881. Comprises that part of the State of Iowa lying south nf the northern limits of the cmnlics of H.arrison, Shelby, Audubon, Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Jasper, Powe- ■shiek, Iowa, Johnson. Cedar, and Scott. Kt. Rev. John McMuIlen, D.D., cons, July 25, 1881 : d. July 4, 1883, Rt. Rev. Henry Cosgrove, D.D., cons. Sept. 14, 1884, Ix 'I'll I'. l:l'ISCOI'A IK L\ AMJiRICA. DIOCESE OF DENVER.— N'icari;itc ai.uM,>lic cMaMishcil 1868: see erected 1887. Comprises ihc Suite,.ll..l..r.,il,., Kt kev Justpli I'rojetuis M.iehebeiif, U.IJ., cims. hp. of Kpiphany, Aug. i6. 18C8: Irans. to Denver, 1887: d. July II.. .S89. Kt. Rev'. Nicholas C. >tat/. cons. October, 1887. DIOCESE OF DETROIT.— Kstablished 183=. Comprises the lower peninsula of the Slate nf Mich- iKan. south of the counties of Ottawa, Kent, Montcalm, IJratiot, and Saginaw, and east of Saginaw and liay counties. Rt. Rev. Kredericli Resi. I). 11., ccms. Oct. f, 1833; d. Dec. 19, 1871. Rl. Kev. Peter Paul Ufcvre, D.l)., cons. bp. of 2ela and coad. of Detroit, Nov. 21, 1841 ; d. .M.irch \, 1869. Rt. Rev. Caspar H. Horgcss, D.D., cons. April 24, 1870; res. April 16. 1887; d -May ), 1890 Kt Rev. John S. 1-oley, D.D., cons. Nov. 4, 1888. Vic.ir-Ceneral. Rt Rev. Mgr. Kdward Joos. DI0CE3E OF DULUTH.— I'.staMisbcd Oct. 3, 1889. Comprises the counties of Aitkin. Becker, Bel- trami, i.:hI ( ..,^. I I..V. C.x.k, Crow Wing, Hubbard, Itasca, Kittson, Lake, iMarshall, Norman, Pine, I'olk. au.l >l l,..ii.-. Miiui. Kt, Kev J.uius M C.hick, D.D., cons. Dec. 27, 1889. DIOCESE OF ERIE.— Kstablished 1843. Comprises Erie, Crawford, Mercer, Venango, Forest, Cla- rion, Jericrscui. I liMrlicUl, Cameron, IClk, .McKcan, Potter, and Warren counties, in northwestern Pcnnsyl- kl K.^ Ml. h.Rl ll'C 1.1. s \iij;. 15, 1843. (Sec Diocese of Pittsburg.) l;i Kr^ |..-n. M \ . .iin .: , . . .u - \ i .1 il .-3, 1854 ; d. Sept. 18, 1866. kl K, 1 I, ,1,1.,- Mnlkii, .41- \n.; .■, 1868. DIOCESE OF FORT WAYNE.- >te cst.ablishcd 1857. Comprises that part of the State of Indiana lying nonli of the southcin boundary of Warren, Kountain, .Montgomery, Boone, Hamilton, .Madison, Dela ware, and Randolph coimlies. Kt. Rev. J. H. I.uers. D.D.. cons. Jan. 10, 1858; d. June 29, 1871. Rt. Kev. Joseph Dwengcr, cons. April 14, 1872: d. Jan. 22, 1893. Rt. Rev. |..scpli R.nlemacher, cons. June 24, 1883, .as bp. of N.ashville : trans, to Fort W.iyne, July 14, 1S93. DIOCESE OF GALVESTON.— 1''stablished 1847. Comprises that jiart of Texas between the Colorado River on tlie « est .md the .Sabine Kiv.r ..ti rh.- .ast. and between the Gulf of .\le.\ico on the south and the comities of Lampas:ts, Coryell. .M. I .1111, m. I im. -tone. Freestone, Anderson, Cherokee, Nacogdoches, and Shelby on the north, and includini; ili-. ■ . ..unii. - Kt. Rev. J. M. Odin, D.D.. L.m, Ip .1 i l.uidiopolis and vicar apostolic of Tcx.as, March 6, 1842; trans, to Galveston, 1847; promoted to .Ncu t)ilc.ius, 1861 ; d. May 25, 1870, in .Ambicrle, France. Rt. Rev. C. M. Dubois, D.D , cons. Nov. 23, 1862: res. 1881. Rt. Rev. P. Dufal. D.D., cons. bp. of Dclcoii and vicar apostolic of F.astern Bengal, Nov. 25, i860: as coad, to Galveston, Mav 14, 1878; res. 1880. Kt. Rev, N, A. (;aibi;her. D.D., cons. April 30, 1882. DIOCESE OF GRAND RAPIDS.— See established 1882. Comprises the counties of the lower penin- siil., .11 Ml, l,ii;.iii Kt l;..v ll.nry J..s.:|.li Ki. l.ter, D D., cons. April 22, 1883. DIOCESE OF GREEN BAY.-s.- ..si,,l.li-lK.d i8fi8. Comprises that part of the ,Statc of Wisconsin, lying ■ I 1 ■■ -i .' ■ .:>..., ,,n,l.,-. ,.f Wisconsin River. Rl V I ,,', \|, I, Ml. - l.il; !-■. 1868; d. Dec. 20, 1873. Ki I. I,,,, \i ■ ki ..iil.,.iM.i. h 11 , ...ns. June 29, 1875: d. Dec. 17, 1883. M.I I 1;,. j 1.1 11. \,ni I kutzer, HI)., trans, to Milwaukee, Jan. 30, 1891. Ki k..A s. I.,.sti.ui I . M..— iiier, D,D., cons. March 27, 1892. DIOCESE OF HARRISBURG.— See established 1868. Comprises the counties of Dauphin, Leba- non l.,iiic.n, Snyder, Northumberland, Montour, and Columbia, in the State of Pennsylvania. Kt. Rev. J. F. Sbiinahan, D.D., cons. Jidy 12, 1868: d. Sept. 24, 1886. Rt. Rev, Thomas McGovern, D.D., cons. March 11, 1888. DIOCESE OF HARTFORD.— See established 1844. Comprises the State of Connecticut. Ki K.-n Will...... l\ki. IMi., cons. March 17, 1844; d. June 18, 1849. Ki K..I 1;. .n.i.l I ik.illv. D,D,cons, Nov. 10, 1850; perished at .sea, January, 1856. ki K. A. I !• M. I .it!. ,11:1. DD , cnns. March 14, 1858: d. Oct. 12, 1874. Ki K.\, 1 h .iii.is C.Il.cns. I >.s, \., ,„ns. M.arch 19, 1876; d. Oct. 10, 1878. Rl. K. ^ 1 ,,«i. n.i M..,,l,; n .M. M..Ih.ii, D.D., cons. Aug. 10, 1879; d. Aug. 21, 1893. Rl. KiA .\li. li.i..l l.eni<.>, ri 11.. s. Feb. 22, 1894. DIOCESE OF HELENA- Sc; . r. . leil 1884. Comprises the State of Montana. Ki. Kcx. J.ihn l;.i|.ii-i l;r..iukl. D.D., cons. Dec. 14, 1879. DIOCESE OF JAMESTOWN, N. D.— Sec established 1889. Comprises the State of North Dakota. Kt. R.:%. J..I111 Mi.iiilty. D.D., cons. Dec. 27, 1889. DIOCESE OF KANSAS CITY KAN.— See established 1877: seat changed to Kansas City 1891 C.imprises that part of Kansas east of Republic, Cloud, Ottawa, Saline, McPherson, Harvey, Sedgwick, and Rt. Rev. J. B. Micge, S.J. , cons. bp. of Messenia and vicar apostolic, March 25, 1851 ; res. December, 1874: d. July .'I, 1884. Rt. Rev. Louis M. Fink. O.'i.B.. IXD , cnns. bo. of Eucarpia, June 11, 1871 : trans, to Lcavenworlh, May 22, 1877 : seat ch.inged 10 Kansas City, Kan., M.ay 29, 1891. DIOCESE OF KANSAS CITY, MO.— See established 1880. C of the Missouri River and west of the eastern boundary of the counties of Mo Wright. Douglas, and Ozark. Rt. Rev. John Joseph Hogan, D D., cons Sept 13, 1868; trans, to Kansas City, Sept. IX'J7^0DrCT/OX. Ixi DIOCESE OF LA CROSSE.— See erected 1868. Comprises that part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wiscunsin Kiver. Most Rev. .Michael Heiss, D.D.,cons. Sept. (, 186S: appointed titular .nbp. of Hadri.inople and coad. to the metropolitan of Milwaukee, March 14, 1880; promoted to Milwaukee, Sept. 7, 18S1 : d .March -6 iSoo Rt. Rev. Kilian C. Flasch, D.D , cons. Aug. 24, 188. ; d. Aug. 3, 1801. Rt. Rev. James Schwebach, D.D., cons. Feb. 25, 1892. DIOCESE OF LINCOLN.-Sce e.,lablished 1887. Comprises that part of Nebraska south of the Platte l-it. Rev. Ih. ni.is B.inacum. D. D. , cons. Nov. 30, 1887. DIOCESE OF LITTLE ROCK.— See established 1843. Comprises the State of Arkansas Rt, Rev. Andreiv liyme, D.D . cons. March 10, 1844: d. June to, 1862. Rt. Rev. Edward Fitzgerald, U.D , cons. Feb. 3, 1867 DIOCESE OF LOUISVILLE.— See established 1808. Comprises that part of Kentucky lying west of Carroll, Owen, Franklin, Woodford, Jessamine, Garrard, Rock Castle, Laurel, and Whitley counties Rt. Rev. Benedict Joseph Flagel, D.D., cons, bp of Bardstown, Nov. 4, iSio. Rt. Rev. John B. David, D.D., cons. bp. of Mauricastro and coad. to the bp. of Bardstown, Aug. 15, Rt, Rev. Guy Ignatius Chabrat, D.D., cons. bp. of Bolma and coad. to the bp. of Bardstown, Tulv 20. 1834. Rt. Rev. Martin John Spalding, D.D., cons. Sept. 10, t84S, bp. of Langone and coad. to the bp. of Rt. Rev. Peter [oseph l.avialle, D. D.. cons. Sept 24. t86v Rt. Rev. W.lli.un Gcor« McCloskey, D.D., cons. May 24, 1868. DIOCESE OF MAKCHESTER.— See established t884. Comprises the State of New Hampshire. Rt Rev. Dinis M l:T.i.lley, D D,, cons, June 11, 1814. DIOCESE OF MARQUETTE.- I 'I c- ..f Soult Ste. Marie and Marquette, establi.hed 1S57 and 1865 Ci[in'n. ; , ■ il i,ig.in. Kt, Kei I i _ 11' '. N I, 1853: d. Jan. 19. 1868. Rt Kev I, 1 \!' hi',, I. I ..h 7. 1869; res. 1S78; trans, to Antinoe, 1881. Rt Rev. J.ilin V itiii, I'll, cons Sept 14. 1879. DIOCESE OF MOBILE.— See established 1824. Comprises the State of Alabama and western Florida. Ki. kcv. \li, I,.,lI l'o,ii._r. 1) D , cons. Nov. 5, 1826: d. May 14, 1859. Rt. Rev, lohn (Jninlan. D D,. cons Dec 4, i8sq: d, March 9, t883. Kt. Rev. boniini.. .Manucv, D h . res O.-tnher.' 1SS4 ; d. Dec. 4, 18S5, Rt. Rev. Jeremish c I'Suljiva.,, D, D , cons. Sept. 20, 1885. DIOCESE OF MONTEREY AND LOS ANGELES.— See established 1850. Comprises southern California. Rt. Rev. Joseph Sadoc Alemany, D.D., O.P., cons. June 30, 18=0: tr.ans to San Francisco, Tune 29. i8;?. Amat, t,:-M., D D., c.ns. .March 12, 1854: d. M.ay 12, 1878. -Mora, r).D.. cons. bp. of Mossynopolis and coad., Aug. 3, 1873: succeeded May Rt. Rc-v Ge'itLie .Montgomery, cons. bp. ofTmui and coad., ciiiii j'lttr siicccssiom's, April 8, 1894. DIOCESE OF NASHVILLE.— See established t837. Comprises the State of Tennessee. Rt. Rev. Richard Pius Miles, cons. Sept. 16, tSsS; d. Feb. 21, i860. Rt. Rev. James Whelan, cons. May, 18-9; res. 1863: d. 1878. Rt. Rev. P. A Feehan, cons. Nov. 1, 1865: created first abp. of Chicago, 1880. Rt. kev. Joseph Rademacher, D.D., cons. June 24, 1883; trans, to Fort Wayne, July 14, 1803. Rt. Rev. I'homas S. Byrne, D.D., cons. 1893. DIOCESE OF NATCHEZ.— See erected 1837. Comprises the State of Mississippi. Rt. Rev. John |, Ch.ance, D.D., cons. March 14, 1841: d. July 22, 1852. Rt. Rev. J. O. Van De Velde, D D., trans, from Chicago, July 20, 1853; d. Nov. 13, 1851. Rt. Rev. Wilham Henry Elder, D.D., cons. May 3, 1857: tran's. to Cincmnati, 1880. Rl. Rev. Francis Janssens, D.D., cons. May i, 1881 : promoted to the archiepiscopal see of New ( )r- Rt Rpv ■ni..n,n- H'- = !in. rr>:.s lone 18, 1889. DIOCESE OF NATCHITOCHES.— See established 1853. Comprises northern pat t of Louisiana. I'! !■ \ ,- ■ ■>! 'I ::i , ■.- Nov. 30, 1853: d. Sept. 20, 1S75. I'l l< I , I \ I 1' : 1 ' [ ,v . , oils. April 22, 1877: named bp. of Janopolis, coad. of New (Orleans. and :i^lniiiii-tr.ii 1 i.o.iii.i.. 1 t, , s^..; ,,r.\ew Orleans, December, i8s3: d. Sept. 23, 1887. Rl k.;x. Anthony Duner, D.D., cons. March to, 1885. DIOCESE OF NESQU ALLY.- See established 1850. Comprises the State of W.ashinEt A \l \ IJI.uichet, cons. bp. of Walla Walla, Sept. 27, 1846: trans, to Nesqiially. May 31, iS5,,:r.. 1- lip of I bora: d. Feb. 25, 1887. Kt I I _i 1- loii^ir, D.D., cons. Oct. 28, if79. DIOCESE OF NEWARK.-See erected 1853. Comprises counties of Hudson, Pass.aic. Bergen, Esse.v, Union, ;\loiiis, .,i,d .s,us»c.x, in New Jersey. Most Rev. James Roosevelt Bayley, D.D., cons. Oct. 30, 1853 ; promoted to archiepiscopal see of Bal- timore, July 30, 1872. .Most Rev Michael .Augustine Corrigan, D.D., cons. May 4, 1S73: promoted to archiepiscopal see of New ^■or'-. t »^^t T, T^P,- Kt I' W r ,,' Ml, In- I Wigger, D.D., cons. Oct. tS, 1881. DIOCESE OF OGDENSBURG.— See erected 1872. Comprises portions of norihein New York. Kl K ^ I 1^ 11 I' \\ .lohams. D.D., cons. May s, 1872; d. Dec. 5, i8qi. kt. Kev. Henry I .abnels, D 1>., cons. May 5, ■1892. DIOCESE OF OMAHA.— See created 1885. Comprises that part of Nebraska north of south shore of Ixii fill: El'ISCOrAlK I.V ,tMi:KJCI. Rt. Kcv. James O'Gorman, IJ. IJ., cons bp. of Raphanea and vicar apostolic of Nebraska, May 8, 1859 ; d. July 4. 1874. Rl. Rev. James OCoiinor, U.D., cons, lilular bp. of Dibona, Aug. 20, 1876: bp. of Omaha, Oct :, 1885; d. May 27. '890. Rl Rev. Richard Scannell, D.D., cons. bp. of Concordia, Nov. 30, 1887; trans, to Omaha, Jan. 31, .89.. DIOCESE OF PEORIA.— ^ce erected 1877. Comprises southern part of Illinois. Hi 1: . I !,:, I ,h , t. I -(...iding, D.U., cons. May i, 1S77. DIOCESE OF PITTSBURG.— See erected 1843. Comprises fifteen counties in western Pcnnsylvanixi. Ki. Ktv. .\1. o L..iii..,r, U.U., cons. Aug. 15,1843; trans, to Erie and then again to Pittsburg; res. May, i860; d. Oct. 18, 1S72. Rt. Rev. M. Domenec, D.D., cons. Dec. 9, i860; trans, to Alleghany (from Jan. 11, 1876, to Aug. 3, 1877, tlividcd from Pittsburg), Jan. ii, 1876; res. July 29, 1877 ; d. at Tarragona, Spain, Jan. 5, 1878. Rt, Krv 1 I'lii-u, I) !>., cons. March 19, 1876; d. Dec. 7. 1880. Rt R. V ki. h ir.l I'liclan. D.D., cons. Aug. 2, 1885; titular bp. of Cibvta and coad. to Bishop Tuigg; SUCCCfik-.l 1.. sc... IlLx. 7, iS8u. DIOCESE OF PORTLAND.— See established 1855. Comprises the State of Maine Rl. Kc> ll..^L.l \\ r..u.>ii, 1).I3., cons. April 22, 1855: d. Nov. 5, 1874. Rt, K.i |,ouis \uL;nMim: Hc.ilcy, D.D., cous. Juiie2, 1875. DIOCESE OF PROVIDENCE.— EslablLshed 1872. Comprises the State of Rhode Island and portions of Mass.,, li,,s,.(ls Ivui^ .ulj.u.cnl, Ki K.A I h. in,, IS lUii.lnacn, D.D., cons. April 28, 1872; d. June 11, 1886. Rt, k. V M.,iil,._u H.,rkiiis, D.D., cons. April 14. 1887. DIOCESE OF RICHMOND.— Established 1821. Comprises eastern Virginia and part of the valley between llie .MleKl>;iiiy and llliie Ridge mountains. Rt. Kev. Patrick Kelly, D.D., cons. 1S21; trans, to Waterford and I.ismore, Ireland, 1822; d. Oct. 8, 1829. Rt. Rev. Richard V. Whclan, cons. March 21, 1841 ; trans, to Wheeling, July 23, 1850; d. 1874. Rt. Kev. John MclJill, D.D., cons. Nov. 10, 1850; d. Jan. 14, 1872. Rt. Rev. James Gibbons, D.D., cons. Aug. 16. 1868; bp. of Adramyttum, etc ; trans, to see of Rich- mond, July 30, 1872 ; trans, to see of Baltimore, Oct. 3, 1877. Rt, Rev, John J. Keaue, D.D., cons. Aug. 25, 1878; trans, to Ajasso, August, l888. Rl. Ri\ A. Van De Vyver, cons. 1889. DIOCESE OF ROCHESTER.— See established 1868. Ccnnprises eight counties of western New York. ki. Rev. Rem.ad I. .Mctjuaid, D.D.. cons. July 12, 1868. Vi,.,r CuiLr.L Kt" Rev, J:unes F. O'Hare, D.D. DIOCESE OF SACRAMENTO.— Erected 1886. Comprises the former diocese of Grass Valley, with the addri ' iitics in California and one in Nevada. Ki I i Mm ut. I) n.,con.s. coad. til BishopO'Connell, of Grass Valley, Jan. iC, 1S81; succeeded 10 thcs. . , M . ,' DIOCESE OF ST AUGUSTINE, FLA.— See erected 1870. Comprises east, middle, and south Florida. Rl r, \, I : \ut,, I. 1>,U., cons. April 25. 1858. vicar apostolic of Florida; trans, to see of Savan- nih liiK 1 I ; .i.| iiiiu-l l.|' "f St. Augustine, March, 1E70; d, June 10, 1876. Rl, kev l-liii .Mm,, re, li.ll,, cons. May 13, 187;. DIOCESE OF ST. CLOUD.— See erected 1889. Comprises si.xtcen counties in the State of Minnesota. Rl Rev, llltu Zanlelli. 11 D., cons. Oct. 20, 1889. AilminlMr,.t<,r. Rt, Rev .\Igr, J. P. Bauer. DIOCESE OF ST. JOSEPH.— See established 1868. Comprises that part of Missouri between the Missouri .ind Chariton rivers, Rt. Rev, M. F. Burke, trans, to St. Joseph, June 19, 1893. DIOCESE OF SALT LAKE.— See erected 1891. Comprises the State of Uuih and six counties in " '"'ri* Rev. Lawrence Scanlan, D.D , cons. bp. of Larai.den, June 29, 1887; trans, to Salt Lake, Jan. 30, 1891. DIOCESE OF SAN ANTONIO.— See erected 1874. Comprises the State of Texas between the Colo- rado ami KiM l.riiid, n>er~ e^ecpt that portion south of the .Arroyo de los Hermanoson the Rio Grande, and the cniimie- Mt live I l.ik. l;ee, Goliad, and Refugio. Kt Kei XniliMin I niic Pellicer. D.D., cons. Dec. 8, 1874; d. Apni 14, 1880. Rl, K. V Jnhi, L,' Ner.i7. 1.1, D., cons. May 8, 1881. DIOCESE OF SAVANNAH.— See established 1850. Comprises ihe State of Georgia. Rl Rev. Fr.uieis .\. Gartland. cons. Nov. 10, 1850; d. Sept, 20, 1854. k:. Rev, lolm l;arr\-, D.D,, cons. Aug. 2, 1857; d. Nov. 21, 1859. Rt Rev. Augustus Verot, D.D., trans, to St. Augustine, March 11, 1870. Rt. Rev. IgtTatius Persico, D.D., trans, to this see, March Ji, 1870; res. 1872. Rt. Rev. W. H Gross, C.SS.R., D.D., cons. April 27, 1873 ; trans, to Oregon, 1885. Rt. Rev Thomas A. Becker, D.D., cons. Aug. 16, 1868, bp. of Wilmington ; trans, to Savannah, March -n, iSSt'-. DIOCESE OF SCRANTON.— See established 1868. Comprises eleven counties in central Pennsylvania. Rl. Ke>, Willi.un OH.im. cons. July 12, 1868. DIOCESE OF SIOUX FALLS, S. D.— Established 1S89. Comprises the Slate of South Dakota. Rl k, >, \] M.iiiv, |i,|i . 1 > -s 1;,. cons. 1889. DIOCESE OF SPRINGFIELD.— F.siablishcd 1870. Comprises five counties in western Massachusetts. Rl Re. 1', I, II Reillv. li.D., cons, Sept. 25, 1870; d. May 28, 1892. Rt. Kev. Thom.as D.iniel Heaven, D.D., cons. Oct. 18, 1892. DIOCESE OF SYRACUSE.- See established 1886. Comprises seven counties in central New York. Rt. Rev. P. A. Ludden, D D., cons. May i, 1S87. JA-'J-A'0DCC'J70.\: Ixiii DIOCESE OF TRENTON.— See established 1881. Cuniprises fourteen counties in the Slate of New Kl Rev Michael I. O'Farrell, D.D., cons. Nov. j, i88i : d. 1894. Kt Kcv, James .Xii^ii^tuie McFaul, cons. Oct. 18, 1894. DIOCESE OF VINCENNES— See established 1834. Comprises southern Indiana. Rt. Rev. .Samuel G.ibn..! Brute, cons. 1834; d. 1839. Rt. Rev. Celestine De la Hailandiere, cons. 1839; d- '88-. Rt. Rev. John S. Bazin, cons. 1847: d. 1848. Rt. Rev. .Maurice De St. Palais, D.D., cons. Jan. 14, 1849: d. June 28, 1S77. Rt. Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, D.D., cons. May 12, 1S78. Vicar-General, Rt. Rev. Mgr. August Bessonies. DIOCESE OF WHEELING.— See established 1850. Comprises the State of West Virginia, save eight counties, and purtions of Virginia. Rl. Rev. Richard Vincent Whelan, D.D., cons. March 21, 1841, bp. of Richmond; trans, to Wheeling, 1850; d. July 7, 1874. Rl. Rev. John Joseph Kain, D.D., cons. May 23, 1875; trans. June 15, 1893, to the archiepiscopal see of O.xyrynchia. and appointed July 6, 1893, coad., c.j. s., to the abp. of St. Louis. DIOCESE OF WICHITA.-See established 1887. Comprises southwestern pan of Kansas. Kt, K..% I.uin, 11 K,_,iK. li.D., bp. elect: d. July 26, 1887. Rl K.v |,.hn J"s,:,,|, Hiiiiiessy, D.D., cons. Nov. 30, 1888. DIOCESE OF WILMINGTON.-See established 1868. Comprises the Slate of Delaw.ue and the eastern shores of Maryland and Virginia. Rt. Rev. Thomas A. Becker, D.D., cons. Aug. 16, i86£: trans, to Savannah, 1S86 Rt. Rev Alfred .\. Curtis, D.D., cons. Nov. 14, 1886. DIOCESE OF WINONA.-Sec established 1889. Comprises twenty counties in Minnesota. kt. Rev J.... ph 1: ('..11.1. n 11., cnns Ili-c 27', 1889. VICARIATE APOSTOLIC OF ALASKA.— Erected 1804. dmprises Alaska Territorv. Rt. Rev. I'a^c.il I..-1, .S J., MCar apnsoilic, VICARIATE OF ARIZONA.— Established i86g. Comprises .Arizona and southern extreme of New- Mexico. Most Rev. J. B Salpoinle, D D., cons. bp. of Doryla and vicar apostolic of Arizona. June 20, 18C9; appointed coad. of Santa Fe. . / .v , .*\pril 22. 1884. Rl. Rev. P. Bourgade, cons. -May i, 1885. VICARIATE APOSTOLIC OF BROWNSVILLE.— Erected 1674, Comprises portions of southeastern Texas. Rt. Rev, Dommic Manucv, cons, titular l.p, of Dulma and vicar apostolic of Brownsville, Dec. 8. 1874; d Dec, 4, 188-,, Rt. Rev. Peter Verdaguer, cons. bp. of.Aulon. Nov. o, 1890. VICARIATE APOSTOLIC OF NORTH CAROLINA.-Established 1868. Comprises the State of North Carolina. His Eminence the Most Rev. James, Cardinal Gibbons, D.D., cons. 1868, etc. Rt. Rev. John J. Keane, D.D , cons. bp. of Richmond, etc., 1878. Rt. Rev, H. P. Northrop, bp. of Charleston, S. C. : cons. bp. of Rosalia, Jan. 8, 1882; trans, to Chariest, in. Ian, 27. iS8^ Rt. Kev Leo H.,rd.M),Il , O.S.B,, cons, titulai bp, of .Messene. July i, 18S8. VICARIATE APOSTOLIC OF THE INDIAN TERRITORY.-Erected 1891. Comprises Okla- homa and the Indian Territory. Rt. Rev, Theophile Meerschaert, cons, titular abp of Sidyniorum, Sept. 8, 1891. VI. 'iUP: iMiREIG-X rm'KCHES KKCEtVIXC THE EPISCOIWTE FROM [TIE .\.\iEKi(;.v\ rm'Kru. The CiUKcu l\ H.viie COVEX-ANT BKTWKEX IHE .AMERIC.-\N CHURCH AND IHE CHURCH IN H.\ni, I).\TE|l .VOVK-MBKR 3, 1874. I.\ the name of the Must Huh ami L'luHxidetl Trinit}-, I^'ather, Son, aiul Holy Ghost. j\nien. The following Covenant, or Articles of Agreement, Concord, and Union, between the House of Hi.shops of the Protestant Epis- copal Church in the United -States of America of the first part, and the Coiuocation of the Trutestant l{piscopal Church in the Repiib- Ixiv I III: El'ISCOI'.lJ J-: IX AMEKICl. lie ot Haiti nf the second ]jarl, establishes the ensuing sti])ulations intilualK- entcri-il iiiln by the two Churches aforesaid: Aim nil'. I. The llDuseof Hishops aforesaid, in consideration of tlu' fact that all the cleri^y, eleven in number, belonging to the Church in Haiti owe no allegiance to the government of these United States, but are Haitian citizens, do hereby recognize the aforesaid Church in Haiti as of right, as also in jjoint of fact, a for- eign Church, to all intents and purposes, within the meaning of Article lo of the Constitution of the Protestant episcopal Church in the said United States of America. Hut while the aforesaid House of liishops doth thus recognize the Church in Haiti to be a foreign Church. \'et during its early growth and development it shall con- tinue to cnjo)- the nursing care of the Church in these United States until the Church in Haiti shall attain to competency for its own sup- ])ort, and to a sufficiency in its episcopate for the administration of its ow n a(Vaii-s, according to the requirements of the ancient canons and priniitix^e usages of the Church of Christ. Art. 2. The House of Bishops, acting under the aforesaid Article lO of the Constitution of the Protestant Episcopal Ciuirch in the United States of ^America, and availing itself of the concession made to them by the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Republic of Haiti in the stipulation containeil in Article 5 following of this Covenant, will designate and consecrate to the office of bisliop one of the clergymen of the afore.said Church in Haiti (making selection of the said person according to the best of its godly judgment as to his fitness and qualifications for such a high and holy vocation). Art. 3. The said House of Bishops furthermore agrees to name from among its own members a commission of four bishops, with whom the aforesaid bishcjp or bishops to be consecrated for the Church in Haiti shall be associated. And this commission shall form a temporary Board of Administration for the e])iscopal go\-- ernmcnt of the Church in Haiti. And, as such, a majority of the same shall be competent to take order for the designation and con- secration of future bishops in Haiti, as the necessity may arise, on the demand of the Convocation of the Church in that republic. Tiie said temjjorary Board of Administration shall be furthermore empowered to adininister all the discipline' pertaining to the episco- pal order of the ministry for the Church in Haiti until at least three bisho]>s shall be designated, consecrated, and canonically established in said Church. It being understood that this commission of bish- ops shall be go\erned in the exercise of their episcopal administration, judgments, and acts by the provisions contained in the Constitution and canons of the Protestant P^piscopal Church in the United States of America, so far as the same can be applied to the divergent circumstances of the Ciiurch in Haiti. /.\'//:()/>rcy/(>.v. ixv Art. 4. The Protestant Episcopal Church in Haiti on its part agrees always to guarti in all their essentials a conformit\' to the doctrine, worship, and discipline of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, as the same are set forth in the duly authorized standards of the said Church, and tliat it will not depart therefrom any further than local circumstances shall make it necessary. Art. 5. The Protestant Episcopal Church in Haiti further agrees to concede to the House of Bishops of the Protestant Epis- copal Church in the United States of America the choice of its first bishop to be consecrated ; and thereafter to concede the same [jrerogative to a majority of the commission of bishops forming the temporary Board of Administration to choose or designate among the Haitian clergy future bishops on the demand of the Convocation in Haiti. And this prerogative shall continue until, in the good providence of God, three bishops shall be canonically resident and exercising jurisdiction in the Church of Haiti. Then this preroga- tive shall cease on the part of the aforesaid commission, and all its functions revert to those three bishops thus established in Haiti. In testimony whereof, these Articles have been signed in dupli- cate, on the part of the House of Bishops by the bishops appointed for that purpose, and on the part of the Convocation of the Church in Haiti by its dean, who has exhibited duly authenticated creden- tials clothing him with full power to act in this matter in the name and in the behalf of the Con\'ocation aforesaid. Done in the city of New York, on the third day of November, in the vcAT of our Ein\i one thousand eight hundred and se\enty-lour. (Signed) Jame.s THEODORE Hoi.i.v, /',• (Ihauncc\? 1Rilc\?. Henrv Cll.MXtKV Rll.KV was born in Santiago de Chile, South America, Dec. 15, 1835. ^'<-' ^^'is graduated at Columbia College, New York, 1858, and studied theology under the Re\-. Charles Dallas Marston, London. He was ordained deacon and ])ricst by l^ishop Horatio Potter, in New York, 1866. After a short ser\ice at the Spanish Church of Santiago, New York, he remo\-ed to the city of Mexico. He was consecratetl in I'linity Chuirh, Pittsburg, Pa,. June 24, 1879, with the title of " liishop of the \'alley of Mexico." The consecrators were ]5ishops .Alfred Lee, Pedell, Ste\ens, Coxe, Ker- foot, Littlejohn, and Peterkin. He was iiuited to i-esigii by the House of ]5ishops, in October, l8foa;;3Wof<5(w:j^tKi- / / / /f: fv(j» Mi^-o- V\. tt^* 4j.^»v4v4 OAO^ ^.^ O/V^ \?OUT**tn» ;(f / V r» •hiuvj*d ^^?bW!?po^f^l<»w^ef a«>v«>^ ^ ^ / ^ ^ ^ y ^J^l ^a>r^^ir^ arU ^if^ ^i/i^^'fi^/A^ d^'f/Lm. im^ tttinAnui Jkim^ uinutu/iM ^^u*uCt^ M^/fiM'^et^jrn. //i^4a(et(^ ^r^ *rK.S^!/n^ /!^]/i SAMUEL SKAISCRY. 3 work, became almost at once the bishop of New England and por- tions of New York, while exercising his apostolic powers for the advantage of the Church to the southward as well. His episcopal progresses extended to the north as far as Portsmouth, N. H., and X.O the south to Long Island ; while candidates for orders from the Middle and Southern States sought orders at his hands. Great numbers received confirmation from this apostolic man ; while as the rector of St. James's Church, New London, he instituted the weekly eucharist, and by his discourses, as delivered on his \isita- tions and subsequently published to the world, made the Church's teaching and usage the rule of the diocese, and thus laid the foun- dation for the prevalence of that type of belief and practice which is known as " Connecticut churchmanship." Bishop Seabury died suddenh' on Feb. 25, 1796. For some years before his decease he had been bishop of Rhode Island as well as Connecticut. WHien the Connecticut Church united with the Churches of the Middle and Southern States at the second Gen- eral Convention of 1 789, he became the first presiding bishop of the American Church. As a leader of American religious thought, Samuel Seabury stands preeminent among the divines of his communion. His writ- ings served to shape the theological belief of John Henry Hobart, and were not without their potent influence on the Oxford Mo\-e- ment itself. He was an intellectual giant among his fellows, and after a century has passed since he entered into rest, " his works follow him;" and his name shall endure forever. Works. — i. Uccasionul sermons inliitcil ■lurini; and sulisequent to the war; 2. " Charges to the Clergy of Connecticut " ; 3. " (In the Recommendation of Candidates for Holy Orders, and on the Rite of Confirmation" (1785); 4. "On the Conduct of the Clergy, the Religious Errors of the Times, and on the Holy Eucharist " (1786) ; S- " The Communion Office ; or. Order for the Administration of the Holy Eucharist, etc. With Private Devotions " (1786. Two editions of an Annotat«l Reprint of this office have been issued by the Rev. Prof. .Samuel Hart, D.D., of Trinity College, Hartford. It was earlier reprinted in vol. iii. of Perry's " Half-century of Legislation: A Reprint of the Cleneral Convention Journals, 1785-1835. With Illustrative Notes and Documents," Svo, 1871) ; 6. " An Address to the Ministers and Congreg.ations of the Presbyterian and Independent Persuasions of the United States " (1790) ; 7. Two volumes of " Discourses Dedicated to the Episcopal Clergy of Connecticut and Rhode Island" (1793, second edition 1795); 8. " An Earnest Persuasion to the Frequent Receiving of the Holy Eucharist" (1794, republished again and again); g. "The Psalter" (issued for use at St. James's, New London) ; 10. " Sermons," a single volume, issued in 1798; II. " Discourses " (2 vols., Hudson, N. V., 1815). In the Hon. Oeorge Shea's "Life of Alexander Hamilton" there is an interesting discussion of the authorship of the " Westchester Farmer's Pamphlets," which the writer attributes to Se.ilniry. RIGHT REVEREND WIl.LIA.W WHITE, D.D. Milliam Mbitc. The son of prominent and most worthy parents, William White was born in Philadelphia, April 4, 1748, and was baptized at Christ Church, in that cit_\-, May 25, 1748. He was graduated in 1765 at the College and Academy of Philadelphia, then lately founded — in large measure through the exertions of Benjamin Franklin, — and of which the celebrated William Smith, D.D. Oxon., was the provost. Determining to devote his life to the sacred ministry, he visited English relatives, remaining abroad until of canonical age for admission to orders. He was ordered deacon in the Chapel Royal of St. James's Palace, Westminster, London, Dec. 23, 1770, by the bishop of Norwich, Dr. Young, at that time acting for the bishop of London. He was ordained to the priesthood in the chapel of Fulham Palace, June 25, 1772, by the bishop of London. Dr. Richard Terrick. On his return to Philadelphia he entered directl}- upon his life- work as one of the assistant ministers of the united parishes of Christ Church and St. Peter's, to the rectorship of which he was advanced on the resignation (during the War of the Re\ohition) of the Re\'. Jacob Duche, remembered as ha\ing offered the first pra)-er in the Continental Congress, in Carpenter's Hall, in 1774. Sympathizing from the first with the patriotic side, at the break- ing out of the war, White became one of the chaplains to Congress at a period when the prospects of the American cause were far from promising; and after the national independence was secured, and while Philadelphia remained the cajjital, he ser\-ed in this capacity from I 787 to 1801. The University of Penns\'l\'ania, which had succeeded the College and Academy of Philadelphia, on its reorganization toward the close of the war ga\e to its distinguished alumnus its first honorary degree, that of D.D. During the progress of the strife which resulted in the separation of the American colonies, White had been a careful student ot the condition and needs of the Church in this country, which, by the severance of political connection with the PLnglish state and Church, had become independent as well as, and at the same time with, the nation. Prior to the announcement of peace, in a remarkable pamphlet entitled " The Case of the fc^piscopal Churches Consid- 5 6 THE El'JSCOrATE I\ AMERICA. erc-d " (i 7S2-83), the N'oiinj^ rector of the united churches of Phihi- delphia had with coiisuniniate skill owthned and elaborated a jjlan of organization for the independent and autonomous Church in the United States, which in its originalit)% its atlaptation to the exii^encies of the times, and its far-seeing provision for a growth and development which at that time few Churchmen, however lo\-al and sanguine, believed to be possible, fully entitles its author to recognition as the foremost ecclesiastical statesman of his times. In this masterly state paper, among other suggestions which have in nearly every instance commended themselves to our acceptance, the idea of comprehending the laity in the councils of the Church was for the first time propounded. There is little doubt that through the wise forecasting of White in this re.'^pect the organization of the American Church was made both possiljle and j)racticable at a time when in the judgment of many its continued existence seemed prob- lematical. The men who in the halls of Congress or on the fields of battle had won for us our independence, and afterward had framed our federal constitution, were those who in the State or General Conventions gave their willing efforts- for the organization of " the free Church in the free State," as proposed by White. The incorporation of laymen in the Church Conventions or Councils, begun under the presidency of White in the historic Christ Church, Philadelphia, was repeated in each successive ecclesiastical gather- ing, till, through the successful working of this new principle in ecclesiastical legislative bodies, there was gained for the Church in the United States a close conformity in her organization with that of the Republic of which her members and ministers formed so important a part. It was only to be expected that one so evidently a leader should be foremost in all the efforts for the rehabilitation of the Church in the United States, as independent of the mother-Church of England. In the early Conventions of the Churches in the Middle and South- ern States the youthful rector of the united Philadelphia churches, by his presence, his counsels, his persuasive personal magnetism, and his knowledge of men, took a prominent part. He was without opposition chosen by the Penns}"lvania State Convention for the episcopate in the English line, which, now that Seaburj' in Scotland had secured the co\-eted prize of the apostolical succession, was found to be ready for the asking at the hands of the mother-Church. It was in the chapel of the archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth Palace, on Feb. 4, 1787, that William White, D.D., bishop elect of Pennsylvania, and Samuel Provoost, D.D., bishop elect of New York, received consecration to the episcopate at the hands of the archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. John Moore ; the archbishop of York, Dr. William Markham ; the bishop of Bath and Wells, Dr. , i 1 1 V l\^ I I lit HI '"Ml Pi riirH '4' I ? ^ I -t: !|^%^H ^ ^ ^ r ^ If ^^ Pi ^ 1 } ^ 5 ^ ^ H I I ^"^^ V'^ t ^ ^ 1 * ^ f=5 1^ W I L I.I AM WHITE. 7 Charles Moss; and the bishop of Peterborough, Dr. John IlinchcHffe. The addition of two bishops of the Enghsh line of succession to Seabury, deriving his episcopate from the Scotch prelates, completed a college of bishops for America, and ga\'e an impetus to the adoption of measures for the union in one confederation of the Churches North and South, which was at length happily accom- plished at the second General Convention, held in Philadelphia, j 789. From this date the history of the Church in the United States as an autonomous and independent branch of the Church Catholic begins. Bishop White held his first ortlination at Christ Church, Ma)- 28, 1787, on which occasion Joseph Clarks(.)n, whose grandson, R. H. Clarkson, became, many years afterward, the first bishop of Ne- braska, was ordered deacon. In the same historic church the bishop of Pennsyh'ania, during the more than half a century of his episco- pate, presided at the consecration of six bishops. Bishop White was the personal friend and, during his official residence in Philadelphia, the pastor of Washington. His episco- pate was as full of honors as of years ; and at the time of his death (July 17, 1836) he was undoubtedly the most revered and widely known of the bishops of the Anglican communion througliout the world. Buried in the chiu'chyard of liis beloxcd Christ Church, his remains were remoxed, im Dec. 23, 1870, to their fitting resting- place in the cliancel of the church to which lie had ministered for so man\' )-ears, and where they now await the resurrection day. Works. — Besides numerous occasional sermons, addresses, charges, and tlieological treatises, as well as countless contributions to the religious press, Bishop White will be chiefly remembered in literature by his " Memoirs of the Protestant Episcopal Church," of which three editions have appeared: the first in 1820, the second, under the editorship of the Rev. Francis Lister Hawks, D.D., LL. D., in 1S36, and the third, under the editorship of the Rev. Dr. B. F. De Costa, in 1880. We have already referred to the able state paper, " The Case of the Episcopal Churches Considered " {1782-83). His theological writings, besides the above, were chiefly his " Comparative View of Calvinism and Arminianism " (2 vols., 8vo, 1817) ; " Commentary on the Ordinal and on the Duties of the Public Ministry" (8vo, 1833). His "Addresses" at the General Theological Seminary in the years 1822, 1S24, 1827, 1828, 1829, were really theological treatises. The " Pastoral Letters " of the House of Bishops, 1808-35 inclusive, were the composi- tion of the presiding bishoj:). Although on the committee of Convention apjiointed to prepare and publish what is known in American liturgical literature as the " Proposed Book of Common Prayer" (l2mo, Philadelphia, 1786), this work is incorrectly spoken of as " Bishop White's Prayer-book." The bulk of the changes in this volume were made by the other members of the committee, notably by Provost Smith ; and the substi- tution of the revision of 1789, which was practically a return to the English original, and wdiich became the " standard " of the American Church for the first century of its inde- pendent existence, \\as heartily acquiesced in by Bishop A\'liite. RIGHT REVEREND SAMUEL PROVOOST, D.D. Samuel Ipvovoost. Thk " patriot" rector of Trinity Church, and the first bishop of New Yori<, was born March I I, 1742, in New York City. After graduating at King's College (now Columbia), Provoost, in I 761, matriculated at the University of Cambridge, England, and became a fellow-commoner at St. Peter's House (now St. Peter's College). He was ordered deacon in the Chapel Royal ot St. James's Palace, Westminster, London, I'^eb. 3, 1766, by the bishop of London, Dr. Richard Terrick, and was ad\ancL-d to the priest- hood March 25th of the same year, b_\' the bishcjp of Chester, Ur. Edmund Keene, acting for the bishop of London. On his return to his native land he became one of the clergy of Triiiit_\- Church, New York, to the rectorship of which he was elected, on the final evacuation of the city by the British, by the patriotic \estry, who thus recognized his unflagging support of the American cause. In 1785 he was appointed one of the chaplains of Congress, and in 1 789 was made the chaplain of the Senate. After the public exercises of the inauguration of Washington, the President, ha\-ing taken the oath of office, proceeded on fn^t to St. Paul's Chapel (Trinity then being in ruins), ulierc Pni\-i)()st read prayers, using, without doubt, the form as prescribed in the " Proposed Jiocilc," then in use in New York. The doctorate in dixinity was ci inferred on Provuost by the University of Pennsylvania, 1786. He was consecrated bishop ot New York at Lambeth Palace chapel, Feb. 4, 1787, by the two archbishops and the bi.shops of Rath and Wells and Peterborough, at the same time with White. Bishop Provoost resigned his see in 1801; but the House of Bishops declined to accept his resignation, and authorizetl the cnn- secration of a bishop coadjutor for New York. He afterward onl\- appeared in ]niblic at the consecrati'ui, on May 29, 181 I, i>f Hobart and Oris wold. He died Sept. 6, 181 5. WiiKKs. — .Mtliough a scholar of varied and even profound attainments, I'.isliii|i i'm- \n:>-.t pulilishcd notfiing. While at Cambridge he prepared an inde.\ to the " lll^ln^i:l I'lanetarum " of Haubin. In his theological opinions he appears to have leaned toward the views of the celebrated Samuel Clarlc, D.D., although he refused the overtures made to him by the authorities of King's Chapel, Boston, on their lapse into I'nitarianism, for the ordination of their lay reader, Mr. James f>eeiii.in. Provoost's partizan antagonism to Sealiury forms an interesting and unique chapter in the annals of the consolidation of the Churches North and South. RIGHT REVEREND JAMES MADISON, D.D. James ^abtson. The life of the first bishop of Virginia was the uneventful career of a college professor and president. Born in Rockingham, Va., Aug. 27, 1749, he was graduated at William and Mary College 1772. He took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar, but almost directly turned his attention to divinity, while serving his alma mater as professor of mathematics. In 1775 he crossed the ocean for ordination, and was ordered deacon in the chapel of Fidham Palace, Sept. 29, 1775, b\- the bishop of London, Dr. Terrick, and was advanced to the priesthood by the same prelate, in the same place, Oct. i, 1775. On his return he was made president of William and Mary Col- lege, which position he held with distinguished ability until his death. On the resignation of the amiable and godly David Griffith, the friend and rector of Washington, of his election to the Virginia episcopate, Madison was chosen to fill the place. He was conse- crated bishop of Virginia in the chapel of Lambeth Palace, Sept. ig, 1793. The consecrators were the archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. John Moore, the bishop of London, Dr. Beilby Porteus, and the bishop of Rochester, Dr. John Thomas. His episcopate witnessed the gradual decay and almost the extinction of the Church in the state. Conscientiously regarding himself as under primal obligations to the college, his episcopal work was fragmentary and at length practically laid aside. Meade, who received orders at his hands, defends him from the charge of succumbing to the tide of French infidelity which, during his pres- idency, swept over the college and throughout the land. The bishop's desire to bring about the incorporation of the Methodists in the Church, in which purpose he lacked, unfortunately, the sympathy and support of his brethren in the episcopate, indicates an appreciation of personal religion, of which the adherents of that body were at the time, in many places, almost the sole exponents. He died March 5, 1812, and was buried at Williamsburg, Va. Works. — i. " Di-^course on the Death of General Washington" (iSoo); 2. "A Thanksgiving Sermon" (1781); 3. "A Letter to Jedediah Morse" (1795); 4. ".An Address to the Episcopal Church in Virginia" (1799). These, with a few other less important pamphlets, comprise his printed works. RIGHT REVEREND THO.WAS JOHN CLAGGETT, S.T.D. Thomas John Claooctt* I\ the consecration of Claggett as bishop of Mar_\-hincl the two hnes of the apostolical succession existing in the United States, that of the Scottish and that of the English Church, were united; and by this union of divergent lines every Amtrican bishop can trace his spiritual lineage to Seabury as representing the line from Aberdeen, and to White, Provoost, and Madison as representing that from Canterbury. The measures leading to this happy union of the Churches North and South, as detailed on the pages of the General Convention " Journals," or as found in fuller detail in the correspondence of the clergy of the day, form a chapter of our annals of deep interest. This union, for which Seabury and White labored, and against the accomplishment of which Provoost con- tended, was clearly the work of " Him who maketh men to be of one mind in an house." Thomas John Claggett was born in Prince George's County, Md., Uct. 2. 1742. He was graduated at the College of Xew Jersey, Princeton, i 762, and received his training for holy orders from his maternal uncle, the Rev. Dr. John Eversfield. Sept. 20, 1767, he was ordered deacon in the chapel of Fulham Palace, by the bishop of London, Dr. Terrick. At the same [jlace and by the same prelate he was priested, Oct. 11, 1767. Appointed to the charge of All Saints', Calvert County, Md., he remained there till, on the breaking out of the Revolutionary Wai^, he retired to his estate in Prince George's Count}', where he re- mained for two years. In 1779 he began ministering in St. Paul's Church in his native county, ami in the following year became rector of the parish. In 1787 his alma mater conferred on him the doctorate of sacred theology, and in 1792 he received the degree of doctor in divinit}' from Washington College. Claggett's consecration took place in Trinit\- Church, Xew York, Sept. I 7, I 792. The consecrators were Bishops Pro\-oost (presid- ing), Seabury, White, and Madison. This was the first consecra- tion to the episcopal office in the United States. Claggett was appointed chaplain to the United States Senate, 1800. In 1808 he became rector of Trinity Church, Upper Marl- borough. He died at Croom, Md., Aug. 2, 1816. Works. — Bishop Claggett pulilished only a few occasional sermons, etc. 13 RIGHT REVEREND ROBERT SMITH, D.D. IRobcvt Stnitlx The Church in the State of South CaroHna entered into federal relations first with the Churches of the Middle and Southern States, and finally with the united Churches of the North and South, with the implied, and at length expressed, condition tiiat no bishop was to be consecrated as its head. The abilities and devotion of Robert Smith led his fellow-Churchmen of the clergy and laity in South Carolina to put aside this determination and to ask for the conse- cration as their spiritual heatl of the most gifted ami learned di\ine in the State. Born in the count}- of Norfolk, England, Aug. 25, 1732, Smith was matriculated at the University of Cambridge as a member of Gonville and Caius College, taking his degree in 1753, and becom- ing a fellow of his college. He was ordered deacon March 7, 1756, by the bishoji of Ely, Dr. Matthias Mauson, and was advanced to the [jriesthood b\- the same prelate, Dec. 21st of the same year. Coming to South Carolina as assistant at St. Philip's Church, Charleston, 1757, he was made rector in 1759. I'Lspousing most heartih' the [popular cause at the beginning of the War of the Revolution, the rector of St. Philip's became a marked man among the Southern jjatriots, and rendered efficient aid to the cause of liberty. In i 7S0, on the occupation of Charles- ton b}- the British fc.irces. Smith was banished from the city. Removing to Maryland, he took temporary charge of St. Paul's parish, Uueen Aiuie County. Returning to Charleston at the close of the war, in 1783, he opened a classical academy, which was subsequently chartered (in 1786) as the South Carolina College. Of this institution he continued in charge as president until 1798. In I 789 he received the doctorate in divinity from the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Smith's consecration to the episcopate took place Sept. 14, 1795, at Christ Church, Philadelphia. His consecrators were Bish- ops White, Provoost, Madison, and Claggett. Bishop Smith, after an honored and most useful episcopate, died Oct. 28, 1801, univer- sally revered and lamented. The bishop was, in consequence of his Revolutionary services, one of the first and foremost members of the South Carolina State Society of the Cincinnati. Works. — Bishop Sniitli, it i^ lielievecl. ]iul'lishcil imthing ^ave, possilily, some p.npers of an ephemeral nature. 15 RIGHT REVEREND EDWARD BASS, D.D. Ebwarb Ba88. Bhrx at Dorcliester, Mass., No\-. 23, 1726, Bass was graduatetl from Harvard College, i 744. Ordered deacon May 17, 1752, at the chapel of Fulham Palace, by Bishop Sherlock, he was priested by the same prelate in the same place. May 24, 1752. He became missionary of the Venerable Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in P'oreign Parts at Newburyport, Mass., and incumbent of St. Paul's Church. At the opening of the War of the Revolution Bass obserxed the days of fasting and thanksgiving appointed by the Continental Con- gress, and because of his patriotism was dismissed from the ser\ ice of the Venerable Society. Though depri\'ed of the chief means for his support, he still remained at his post. His parishiuiuis s\m- ])athized with him. He omitted the "state pra}'ers," obserxetl the frequent appointments for ser\ices in the interest of the patriots, and kept his church open throughout the war. The presentation to the General Con\'entii)n of the Chuixhes in the Middle and Southern States of the name of the rector of St. Paul's as the bishop elect of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, accompanied with a request of the clergy of those two States, headed by Samuel Parker, that the Convention sIkiuKI ask the three bishops then in the United States — Seabur_\-, White, and Pro- voost- — to unite in his consecration, pa^•ed the way for the completion of the episcojjal college in the line of Canterbur)- by the consecra- tion at Lambeth of Madison, and efTected the recognition of the \alidity of the Scottish consecrations. On the accomplishment of the union of the New England Churches under Seabury with those of the Middle and Southern States under \A'hite and Provoost, the project of Bass's consecra- tion, which had been the means of effecting this result, was not pushed, and it was not until May 7, 1797, that Bass, wh^ i.dci recei\'ed his doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania in i 789, was consecrated the first bishop of Massachusetts at Christ Church, Philadelphia, by Bishops White, Proxoost, and Claggett. He died at Newburyport, Sept. 10, iSo.v In addition to his charge of Massachusetts he had been elected to the episcopate of New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and X'ermont. Works. — I. "A M.isonic .\ddres'. " (1779) i 2. "A Scniion before tlie Merrin.:ic Humane Society " (iSoo) ; 3. A ]iamphlet on hin connettinn with the \enerable .Souitty. 17 RIGHT REVEREND ABRAHAM JARVIS, D.D. Hbrabant Jarvis. Born at Norwalk, Conn., May 5, 1739, and graduated from Vale in 1 76 1, Jarvis was ordered deacon in the chapel at Whitehall, London, Feb. 5, 1764, by the bishop of Exeter, Dr. Keppell, act- ing for the bishop of London, and was advanced to the priesthood in the Chapel Royal of St. James's Palace, Westminster, by the bishop of Carlisle, Dr. Lyttelton, Feb. 9, 1765. He became the incumbent of Christ Church, Middletown, Conn. Remaining at his post during the war, he took part in the notable convocation of clergy at Woodbury on the feast of the Annuncia- tion, 1783, and was the secretary of the faithful priests who chose Seabury for their bishop. The papers and testimonials of this election were drawn up in his handwriting, and during Seabury 's weary months of dancing attendance on tlie varying moods of the English bishops, it was to Jarvis that his indignant letters were addressed, detailing the obstacles in his way; and it was fmrn the sympathizing secretary of the convocation that encnuragenient and support came. It was natural that, on the final success of the effort to secure a bishop for the free and independent States, which had at last been effected through the offices of a Church untrammeled by connection with the state, the bishop of Connecticut, on liis return, siiould receive from his clergy, through Jarx'is, the pledges and testimonials of their fealt}- and love. Later, when the prospects of union witli the Churches (if the Middle and Southern States seemed hopeless, Jar\is, on whom the bishop of Connecticut had conferred the doctorate in dixinity, was designated by Seabury to go to Scotland for consecration as bishop coadjutor of Connecticut, with the xicw of eventually procuring an episcopal college for the transmission of the succession in the Scottish line. Happily an unexpected turn in affairs made this unnecessary. On the death of Seabury tlie \-acanc\' was filled by the choice of Jarvis. He was consecrated in Trinity Church, New Ha\en, Sept. ■8> 1797. by Bishops White, Provoost, and Bass. He recei\'ed the doctorate in divinity from Yale in 1786. He died May 13, 181 3, and was buried under the altar of Trinity Church, New Ha\-en. Works. — i. " A Sermon on the Deatli uf BiMiop Seabury "; 2. " .\ Sermon on the Witness of the Spirit." 19 RIGHT REVEREND BENJAMIN MOORE, S.T.D. JSenjamin fTDoove, Benjamin Moore was born in Newtown, L. I., Oct. 5, 1 74S. He was graduated at King's College, New York, 1768. His ordi- nation to the diaconate took place in the chapel of Fulhain Palace, June 24, 1774; and he was advanced to the priesthood the follow- ing day in the same place and by the same prelate. Dr. Richard Terrick, bishop of London. On his return to New York he was appointed an assistant minis- ter of Trinity Church ; and such was the moderation of his course, and such the confidence inspired by the purity of his life and the singular devoutness nf his mien and ministry, that he retained his position throughout the trying scenes ot the war for independence, gi\-ing no offense to Whigs or Tories alike, and contenting himself with ministering in spiritual things to all alike until the return of peace. In 1789 his alma mater (nnw called Columbia College) conferred on him the doctorate in di\init\', ami on Dec. 22, 1800, he was chosen rector of Trinity Church. Dr. Moore was consecrated bishop coailjutnr i>f Xi-w ^'ork in St. Michael's Church, Trenton, N. J., Sept. 11, 1801, during the session of the General Convention at that place. His consecrators were Bishops White, Claggett, and Jarvis. He was elected to the presi- dency of Columbia College the year of his consecration, and held this honorable post for ten years in connection with his episcopal and rectoral duties. He died Feb. 2/, 1816, at Greenwich, N. Y. \Vi IRKS. — Tliree occasional discourses and a single pamphlet comprise all the writings of Bishop Moore published during his life. Two volumes of his sermons, edited liy his distinguished son, Professor Clement C. Moore, LL.D., of the General Theological Seminary, appearetl after his decease. RIGHT REVEREND SAMUEL PARKER, D.D. Samuel parhcv. Born in Portsmouth, N. H., Aug. i 7, 1744, and graduating at Harvard, i 764, Samuel Parker was inxited to become assistant min- ister of Trinity Ciiurch, Boston, before his ordination. He was admitted to deacon's orders at P'uiham Palace chapel, Feb. 24th, and was priested on Feb. 27, 1774, by Bishop Terrick. Left in charge of Trinity on the retirement of the rector to Hali- fax, Parker, with the consent of his vestry, on the receipt of the news of the Declaration of Independence, adapted the services of the church to the new order of things by the omission of the " state prayers," and thus gave early proof of stable purpose. In June, 1779, he accepted the rectorship of Trinity, conditioned on the recognition by the parish of his predecessor's rights, should he return to his former charge and accept the new condition of affairs. Parker was among the clergy assembled at Middletown to wel- come Seabury, and there began at this meeting a friendship which had a marked influence on the fortunes of the rising Church. He tdcik, at Seabury 's request, a leading part in adapting the Prayer- book to the change in civil affairs, being associated in this important work with Jarvis and Moore. The results of this, the first American revision, were subsequently adopted by the Massachusetts Conven- tion at Parker's suggestion, and prevailed throughout New England. Urged by Seabury to seek in Scotland the consecration to the episcopate of Massachusetts, Parker entered into a correspondence with White in the interest of the union of the American Churches. It was chiefly to Parker that the union of 1789 was due, and it was in recognition of his preeminent ser\ices, on the nomination of White, that the University of Pennsyl\-ania conferred on him the doctorate in divinit}- in i 789. He had refused the episcopate at the time that Bass was first named for this oflice, and later, when, through Parker's influence, Bass was again chosen. On his death, Parker's opposition was not suffered to pre\ail longer, and he received consecration in Trinity, New York, Sept. 14, 1804, during the session of the General Con- vention. His consecrators were Bishops White, Claggett, Jarvis, and Moore. He died, three months from the day of his consecra- tion, Dec. 6, 1804. WiiRKS. — I. An .mnual " Election Sermon " (1793) ; 2. " A Charitable Discourse De- livered in Behalf uf the P'eniale Asylum of Boston " (1803). 2.3 RIGHT REVEREND JOHN HENRY HOBART, D.D. John 1f3cnv^ 1f3obart Next to the name of Samuel Seabury as preeminent among the leaders of thought in the American Church, and as wielding a con- stantly increasing influence, must be placed that of John Henry Hobart, the third bishop consecrated for the New York diocese. Born in Philadelphia, Sept. 14, 1775, baptized and confirmed by White in Christ Church, prepared for his college course at the Episcopal Academy of his native city, and graduating, after two years spent at the College of Philadelphia, at Princeton, 1793, Hobart at first turned his attention to mercantile affairs. Finding a business life uncongenial, he accepted (i 796) a tutorial position at Princeton, which he held for two years. Having determined to enter the ministr)-, he returned to Phila- delphia and prepared for ordination under the direction of White, who admitted him to deacon's orders, June 3, 1798, in Christ Church. After serving various parishes in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, he was, September, 1800, elected an assis- tant minister of Trinity Church, New York, entering at once upon the duties of this important pi>st. He had earlier (June 3, 1799) been elected secretary of the House of Bishops. In 1801 he was chosen secretary of the New York State Convention, as well as a deputy to the General Con\-ention which convened at Trenton, N. J., in the autumn of that year. He was priested by Bishop Provoost, April 5, 1801. He was chosen secretary of the House of Deputies of the General Cnnxen- tion of 1804. In 1806 he receixed the ductorate in ili\init\" fri>m Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. Hobart was consecrated bishop coatljutor of New \'ork in Trinity Church, May 29, 181 i, by Bishops White, Provoost, and Jar\is. At the same time Dr. Alexander Viets Griswokl was consecrateil fi}r the newly createil " luistern Diocese," which composed all of the New England States save Connecticut. Agreeably to the English precedent establisheil at the cinisecra- tion, in Lambeth Palace chapel, of White and Provoost, Hobart, although the younger man and elected to his ofilice of coadjutor subsequently to the date of Griswold's election, first receix'ed the laying on of hands as the senior doctor in divinity. The omission of a portion of the sentence of consecratii>n by the bishop presiding at the time of this double ordination to the episco- 25 26 THE El'ISCOPATE LV AMERICA. pate was made the occasion of a bitter controversy in New York, and an attempt to impugn the regularity of Hobart's consecration, though it is believed there was no faulting of the consecration of Griswold. On the decease of Moore (1816), Hobart became the diocesan of New York, and also rector of Trinity Church. His episcopal duties were not confined to his own see. He rendered abundant and efficient service in New Jersey prior to the election of Croes, and was provisional bishop of Connecticut, 181 6-1 9. Hobart was one of the founders of the General Theological Seminary, of which he was for years the professor of pastoral the- ology. He originated, or furthered, the Bible and Prayer-book Society, the Tract and Homily Society, and similar organizations for the defense of Ciuirch principles and the instruction of Cliurch- men. Besides the promotion of these objects through the agency of societies which are still fulfilling their mission, Hobart found time for editing approved works in support of the Church's teachings, discipline, and worship. To these compilations the bishop added original works of a high order, and thus made for himself an enviable reputation as an accurate theologian, an exact polemic, and a scholar of rare and varied attainments. Personally, and by his numerous and opportune contributions to theological literature, he impressed his views upon the Churchmen of his day and genera- tion ; and he shares with Seabury the distinction of founding and making popular in this country the school of thought known as " High-church" Anglicanism. Hobart visited England in 1823, where he was received with every possible distinction due to his merit and his exalted position. It is noticeable that although afforded an opportunity of preaching while in Rome, Italy, the " proviso " to the Act of Parliament, authorizing the consecration of Wente and Provoost, prevented the bishop of New York from exercising his otifice " within his Majesty's dominions." It was not until the repeal of this " proviso," in 1840- 41, that an .American bishop was at liberty to preach or officiate in his episcopal character in any church of the mother-land. Hobart's death occurred at Auburn, N. Y., Sept. 10, 1830, and is supposed to have resulted from his conscientious unwillingness to resort to .stimulants when sufTering from disease. He was buried under the chancel of Trinity Church. Works. — It would require several pages to give in detail the list of sermons, addresses, charges, ]>astoral letters, essays, etc., which owe their authorship to Hobart. The fol- lowing are among the volumes he wrote or edited, in rtiany cases revising and adapting the work of some English writer to an extent quite equal to the rewriting of the book : I. " Companion for the Altar" (i2mo, 1804. Issued in countless editions, appended to JOIIX IlKXRY nuHARJ-. 27 copies of the Book of Common Prayer, and still regarded as of value and authority) ; 2. " Companion for the Festivals and Fasts " (i2mo, 1S05. An adaptation of Roliert Nel- son's excellent work to meet the requirements of American Church readers) ; 3. " Com- panion to the Book of Common Prayer" (l2mo, 1805. A compilation from the standard liturgical works of the day, and, in common \\ith the preceding compilations, having a wide circulation for years) ; 4. " The Clergyman's Companion" (i2mo, 1S06. A vatie- vtecitm for tlie use of the clergy on occasions and at services for which no special provi- sion is found in the Book of Common Prayer) ; 5. " Collection of Essays on Episcopacy" (8vo, 1806. An invaluable treasury of the arguments for Church defense) ; 6. " Apology for Apostolic Order " (Svo, 1807. A masterly statement of the Church's position as op- posed to Presbyterianism and other forms of dissent) ; 7- " The Christian's Manual of Faith and Devotion" (I2mo, 1S14. Prepared from various sources for household and individual use); 8. " The Candidate for Confirmation Instructed" (l2mo, 1816) ; 9. " A Treatise on the Place of Departed Spirits and Christ's Descent into Hell," appended to a " Funeral Address " at the interment of Bishop Benjamin Moore (Svo, 1816. Numerous editions of this treatise appeared in successive years) ; 10. " D'Oyly and Mant's Bible with Notes " (Svo, 1S23) ; 11. " Sermons on the Principal Events and Truths of Redemption " (2 vols., Svo, 1S24). Bishop Hobart's " Life" appeared ^hortly after his decease, and was reprinted in England. RIGHT REVEREND ALEXANDER VIETS GRISWOLD, S.T.D. Hlcyanbcr IDiets (3vi8\volb. Horn in Simsbury, Conn., April 22, 1766, educated privately by his uncle, the Rev. Roger Viets, Griswold received deacon's orders from Bishop Seabury, at St. Andrew's Church, Simsbury, June ^, 1795. He was priested by tlie same prelate Oct. 1st, 1795, in Christ Church, Hartford. The first decade of his ministry was spent in his nati\ e State in charge of country parishes at East I'lymoutli, Northfield, and Har- winton. He became rector of St. Michael's, Bristol, R. I., 1804. He accepted a call to St. Michael's, Litchfield, Conn., 1810, but while the preparations for his removal were still incomplete lie was elected. May 31, 1810, to the bishopric of the Eastern Diocese, a jurisdic- tion comprising all of New England sa\e Connecticut. Griswold was consecrated in Trinity Church, New York, May 29, 181 I, by Bishops White, Prox-oost, ,ind Jarx'is, at the same time with Hobart. In 1830 the bishop of tiie Eastern Diocese, who had thus far con- tinued in charge of St. Michael's, removed to Salem, Mass., where he became rector of St. Peter's Church. From 1835 he devoted himself exclusively to the care of his abnormally extensive see. He received the doctorate in theology from Brown Uni\-ersity in 181 I ; from Princeton in 181 I ; and from Har\ard in 1S12. He succeeded White as presiding bishojj. He was fellow ot Brown, 1812-15; trustee, 1813-2S; cliancellor, 1815-2S. The hist episcopal act of Griswold was the consecration ot the Re\-. Dr. Manton Eastburn, of New Yoi"k, as his coadjutor and successor in the see of Massachusetts, Dec. 29, 1842. On h'eh. 15, 1843, the venerable bishop, full of j-ears and honors, dropped tiead at the threshold of Bishop Eastburn's house in Boston. Griswold was a man of great personal holiness. He was modest and retiring in his bearing, yet gifted with a sound judgment and inspired with a spirit of self-consecration which made his life one of continual labor and sacrifice. His theological views were those of the " hvvangelical " school ; and his published " Life " by the late Re\-. John S. .Stone, D.D., is an interesting contribution to the history of tlie Church in New England, as well as to that of the " l'^\angelical " part}- in the United States. WtiKKs. — I. " Discniirsfs on tlie Mol Iniimrtant noctrinc; ami Duties of tlie Chris- ti.in Religion" (Sv.., 1S501; 2. "The Keforniatinn an.l .\postolic ( )flicc " ( 1S43) ; 3. " Remarks on .S.xial Prayer Meetings " ( 1S5S) ; 4. decisional sermons, adilresses, etc. 29 '/ '/ / / II '^iftlJflJiM RIGHT REVEREND THEODORE DEHON, S.T.D. ^beoborc IDebon. Theodore Dehon was born in Boston, Mass., Dec. 8, 1776. He was graduated at Harvard College, 1795. Having, on Oct. 9, 1797, received an election to the rectorship of Trinity Church, Newport, R. I., he presented himself for ordination to Bishop Bass, and was ordered deacon at St. Paul's, Newburyport, Dec. 24, 1797, and was priested by the same prelate and in the same church X)ct. 9, 1800. Dehon remained at Trinity Church, Newport, until iSio, when he removed to South Carolina, having accepted the charge of St. Michael's Church, Charleston. Prior to his remo\-al to the South he had received (1809) the doctorate from Princeton. He was a deputy from the Eastern Diocese to the General Convention of 1808. He was consecrated to the episcopate of South Carolina in suc- cession to the distinguished Robert Smith, in Christ Church, Phila- delphia, Oct. 15, 1812, by Bishops White, Jarvis, and Hobart. His short and brilliant episcopate was terminated by his death, Aug. 6, 181 7. He left behind him a reputation for eloquence and personal attractiveness which is still cherished in the diocese where he minis- tered in holy things, and throughout the Church in the United States as well. Works. — Bishop Dehon's " Sermons on Public Means of Grace" were published in two volumes, 8vo, shortly after his death. .Vn English edition of these remarkable dis- courses brought in to the committee of publication a large sum. Besides this volume, only a few episcopal addresses and occasional sermons ever a]ipeared in |irint. RIGHT REVEREND RICHARD CHANNING MOORE, DD IRicbavb Cbannint} (Tl^oorc. TlIK Church in \'irL;inia, mijustly (ie^>p(iilcd of its glebes, with a clergy list aniuially recortling losses b_\- renii>\als, lieaths, and absDrptions in secular jjursuits, had reached its lowest point when, in the choice of Moore to succeed the schohuiy but inacti\'e Madi- son, a new life was infused into the d_\-ing body ; antl that life is \igorous still. Moore was born in New York, Aug. 21, 17^)2. Originally a student of medicine, after a lew \ears' [jractice he entered upon a course of theological stuily under the direction ol Hi^hoj) I'loxoost. He was ordered deacon in St. George's Chapel, New ^'ork, July 15, 1787, by the bishop of New York; and was priested by the same prelate in St. Paul's Chapel, Sept. ig, 17^7. Beginning his ministry as rector of Christ Church. Rye, N. Y., where he remained for about two years, he renioxed to Staten Island, where he was the lieloxed and successful incumbent ot St. Andrew's Church for twenty-one years. He received his ilocVorate in divinity, 1805, from Dartmouth College. In iSog he remo',ei-l to New \'ork. where he became the rector of St. Stejihen's Church. Before leaving his Staten Islaiul parish he hail represented the State of New York in the (ieneral Coinen- tion which met in Baltimore, 1808: and at this Con\ention, which gave us our first collection of hymns, he did excellent ser\-ice as chairman of tlie committee of the House of Deputies on hymnody. Chosen to the episciipate by the few Virginia clerg\- and laity who still had hope of the Church's re\'ival, Moore's consecration took place in St. James's Church, Philadelphia, May 18, 1814. His consecrators were Bishops White, Hobart, ("iriswoKI, and Dehon. On liis taking up his abode in Richmond, the Monumental Church was placed under his pastoral charge and became the center ot his activities. It was not long before the Virginia Church was matle again the Church of the oldest ann on tlie Death of Wai-lungtcin " (iSoo); 2. " Sermon liefore the Convention of the Churdi in Maryland " ( 1S03) : j. " Sermon before the Free Masons " (1806); 4. " .Sermon before the General Convention, together with a Tract on Conver- sion " (1807) ; 5. " Letters in Vindication of Episcopacy " (1808) ; 6. " Sermon on Death- bed Repentance " (1816) ; 7. " .Sermon on tl>e Death of Bishop Claggett " (1816) ; 8. " An Address before the Students of the General Theological Seminary" {1825). RIGHT RtAEREND JOHN CROES, D.D. John Cvocd, Thk first bishop of New Jersey was born in I'^lizabethtown, in tliat State, June I, 1762. Toward the close of the War of the Revohition he ser\ed as a ni)n-ciininiissii)ne(l ntficer vn the patriotic side. It was after he had for some time succes^tuil}- pursueil the vocation of a classical in- structor, and had openetl a pri\ate academy which subsequently developed into a piominent institution of learning, that he deter- mined to ai)]>ly fi>r hnly orders. Ilis theoJoL^ical studies were pur- sued durinn the intervals ot teachinq, and were directed by Bishop White, who ordered him deacon in .St. Peter's, Philadelphia, Feb. 28, 1790, and advanced him to the priesthood March 4, 1792, in the same church. His first cure was at Swetlesbor. .UL;h, N. J., where he servetl as the incumbent of Trinit\- Church for twelve \'ears. In 1793, anil again in I.S14, he was a deputy from New Jersev to the General Conventions held in those years. At the session of this body in 1814 he was elected president of the House of Deputies. In I 80 1 Croes removed from Swedesborough to New Brunswick, N. J., where he unitef (■..ntril.utiiii; I.ilieially t.i (lie Pioni.iti..n of Religious and Benevolent Institutions"; 2. " .\ Sermon Ijefore the (,'ieneral Convention of 1823"; 3. " Addresses to his Conventions.'' RIGHT REVEREND NATHANIEL BOWEN, D.D Bathatucl Bovvcti. The son of a clerg\'nian who was a convert from tlie Congrega- tionalists, Natlianicl Howen was born in Bostun, June 2g, 1779. His father removed with liis family to Charleston, S. C, 1787. On the death of the elder Bowen, shortly after his arrival, the Re\'. Robert Smith, subsequently the first bishop of South Carolina, tiink charge of th^- orphan boy and provitlctl for his etiucation. The latl was an apt scholar, and on his yraduatiim at Charleston College, 1794, received an app(;intment as tutor at his alma mater, where he continued for se\eral _\-ears. Returning to his nati\'e cit_\-, Bowen prepared himself for hol_\- orders, untler the charge of Ur. (afterward Bishop) Parker, and was admitted to the diaconate in Trinity Church, Boston, June 3, I 800, by Bishop l^ass. lie was athanccLl to the priesthood in October, 1802, at St. Paul's Ciuirch, .\e\vbur\-port, by the same prelate. The day of his ordination is not known with certainty. After a brief pastorate at St. John's Church, Providence, R. I., Bowen returned, March, 1802, to Charleston, where he became the assistant minister of St. Michael's Church, succceiling to the rectorship, 1804. Fi\-e \ears later he renicued to Xew York and became rector of Grace Church in that city. He received his doctorate in divinity, 1814, from the University of Pennsylvania and fiom the College of South Carolina. Bowen receivetl consecration in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 181 8, Bishops White, Hobart, Kemp, and Crocs being his consecrators. After an episcopate of upward of twenty years, l^ishop Bowen died at Charleston, S. C, Aug. 25, 1839. His remains were interred in the chancel of St. Michael's Church. To unusual pulpit powers he added great executive abilitv- and a commantiing influence over men. He was an accomplished scholar, a wise theologian, and a holy man. Works.— i. " Sennrm liefore the Bible anil Common Prayer-book Society" (lSl2); 2. " Six Sermons on Christian Consolation" (1831); 3. "Pastoral .Advice: An Essay" (1831); 4. "The Duty of being Confirmed" (1831); 5. " On Respondint; Aloud "( 1833) ; 6. " Fast-day Circular" {1833); 7. " Sermon on the Death of I'.i^hoi. White" (lS3b); 8. " An Address before the Students of the Ceneral Theological Seminary " ( 1836) ; aK.i other occasional sermons. RIGHT REVEREND PHILANDER CHASE, D.D., LL.D. Ipbilanbcr Cbaec. The first American bishop const-cralcd for Uie territor_\- lying- west of the Alleghanies was born in Cornisli, \. H., Dec. 14, 1773. He was graduated at Dartmoutli College, 1796. Admitted to the diacDiiate b\" Bishop Pro\-oost in St. Paul's Chapel, New York, June 10, 1798, and priested by the same prelate, in the same place, Nov. 10, 1799, Chase began his ministry by missiimary work in the northern antl western portions ot New \'ork. Uuriiig these itinerant labors he organized parishes at Utica, Canandaigua, and Auburn, each of which became a center of strength and usefulness. In 1800 he assumed the charge of the Poughkeepsie and Fishkill churches. In 1805 he went to New r)rleans, where he organized and entered upon the rectorship of Christ Church. Returning to the North, iSii, he became rector of Christ Cluiich, llarttord, Conn.; hut tiiuling the work of a city parish unsuited t(.) his tastes, he entered upiin mission work in the territory to the west of the Alleghanies, whither the stream of emigration was steadily tending. Holding his first service in Ohio at a town called Salem, Maich 16, 1817, Chasi.- organized jjarishes at numerous points, ,-uul in June of the s.ame year took charge of the church at W'nrtliington, with out- lying work at Delaware and Columbus, and adding tn his missinn- ary and pastoral duties the oxersight of an academy at Worthington. It had long been the pur[)ose of the Churchmen in the United States t(5 secure the Western territory for Christ and His Church. An "act of the General Convention" adopted in 1798 had pro- posed measures for the extension of the kingdom of Christ in the regions beyond the Alleghanies. The appeals of the frontier clerg)-, wlio (as in the case of the celebrated Re\-. Joseph Doddridge, M.D.) were laboring alnmst single-handed at \'arious jioints in the lands but lately opened up to immigration, were not wholly retused a hearing. Bishop White, th<.ugh lint once in his episcopate reaching the western bnundaries of his own see at Pittsburg, still recognized the Church's dut\- of [jroviding for the actual and intending settlers of the West. The abundant labors and the marked success of Chase's missionary journeys indicated his special fitness for an ap- pointment to a Western episcopate, and he was therefore consecrated bishop of Ohio, l-'eb. II, 1819, in St. James's Church, Philadelphia, by Bishops White, Hobart, Kemp, and Croes. 41 4-.' I III: hl'ISCOI'Ari: I \ AMKA'IC.L rile new bishoj) at once eiitereci upon the duties of his charye. Chosen to tlie presidency oi Cincinnati CoUeye, 1821, he retained the headship of this institution for two j-ears, while taking measures for the establishment of a theological seminary in his see for the training of his candidates for orders in theology as well as in arts. In the prosecution of this purpose, which resulted in the foundation and partial endowment of a theological seminary and Kenyon Col- lege, at Gambler, O., the bishop visited England, where his earnest- ness, his devotion, and the e\idcnt advantage of founding a C!luirch college and divinity school in the Western world, gained for him, and for the cause he advocated, noble, influential, and liberal friends, and made the Western mission work of the American Church for the first time known in England. Difficulties ha\'ing arisen in the dc\ i-lopmcnt of his work, Hi>ho|> Chase, in September, 18,5 1, resigned the presidenc}- of the theological seminary and Kenyon College, as well as his episcopate. Removing to Michigan in 1832, where he remained and faithfully labored for several years, he w;is chosen by the clergy of Illinois, in 1 835,. as their bishop; and on accepting this new administration he proceeded to organize a diocese and found a college, for which, on visiting England in its interest, he secured a handsome sum. This institution he named Jubilee College. It was situated in Peoria Count}-, 111., at a spot to which he gave the name of Robin's Nest. Eiberal gilts were obtained for this new \enture, and the last days of the good bishop were brightened by the sympathy and support of Churchmen at home and abroad. On the death of Bishop Griswokl, 1S43, the bishoj) of IlliiK)is be- came presiding bishop. His death occurred Sept. 20, 1852. Chase receixed the doct XTletich ©nbcr^onh. The choice of an assistant to the venerable White involved a bit- ter partizan controversy, which left its baleful effects on the Church for many years. Tlie successful candidate was one of the must noted Churchmen of his da}-, and his brilliant episcojiate, though clouded toward its close, still realized the inspired prediction that " at evening-time it shall be light. " Onderdonk was born in New York, March 16, 1789, and was graduated at Columbia College, 1805. Ha\ing de\oted his life to medicine, he studied \ix Lwndon aiid Edinburgh, recei\ing his de- gree of M.D. froni- Uie univer s lt'y Df~fTic -ktttei^ei4.\-. On his return to New York he became acti\ely engaged in his profession. After a few years, Onderdonk studied theology under the direc- tion of Hobart, who ordered him deacon in St. Paul's Chapel, Dec. 8, 181 5, and priested him in Trinity Church, April 11, 1816. After a four years' pastorate at Canandaigua he became rector of St. Ann's, Brooklyn, where he remained until his consecration to the episcopate. Chosen assistant bishop of Pennsylvania, he was consecrated, Oct. 25, 1827, in Christ Churcli, Philadelphia, by Bishops White, Hobart, Kemp, Croes, and Bowen. He received his doctorate in di\inity the same year from Columbia and from Geneva (now Hobart) College. In 1836 he became, on the death of White, the bishop of Pennsyhania. He resigned his bishopric, 1844. The resignation was accepted, and because of charges of ha\ing contracted habits of intemperance (which he did not den)-) he was suspended from the exercise of his office and ministry. Humbly receiving this act of discipline, Onderdonk lived for the remainder of his days a life of sanctity ; and in 1856, was, with singular unanimity, restored to the exercise of his office. He died in Philadelphia, Dec. 6, 1858, with the re- gained confidence and regard of all men. Works. — i. "An Appeal to the Religious I'ulilic of Canandaigua" (i8i8); 2. " Episcopacy Tested by Scripture " ( 1830) ; 3. " Episcopacy E.\aniined and Ree.\amined " {1835) ; 4. " Essay on Regeneration " ( 1835) ; 5. " Family Devotions from the Liturgy " (1835); 6. "Thoughts on the Objections to Christianity" (1835); 7. " Sermons and Charges" (2 vols., 8vo, 1851). Onderdonk was an exact theologian, a controversialist of the highest order, an able logician, and a poet of decided merit. In the Collection of Psalms and Hymns appended to the Prayer-book of the time. Nos. 14, 105, 106, 109, 131, 195, 203, 208 and 2H of the hymns, and Nos. 16, 23, and 59 of the psalms are his. See Horace Binney's 'Case" (1853); Bishop Meade's " Counterstatement " (1S54), etc. 49 RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM MEADE, D.D. Milliain m^cabc. It was at a day when nearly all men despaired of the YirL;iin'a Church that, in the consecration of his life to the ministr_\-, Meade entereil upon a career to which, under (iod, the rc\'i\'al of the Church in his native State is largely due. Born near Millwood, Clark County, Va., Nov. 1 1, i 789, and gradu- ated at Princeton, 1808, he was ortlered deacon by Bishop Madison, in Bruton parish church, Williamsburg, Feb. 24. 1811, and was advanced to the priesthood by I^ishoj) Claggett, Jan. 29, 1814, in St. Paul's Church. Alexandria, \'a. Beginning his ministry as curate to the Rew Alexander Balmaine, the rector of Millwootl, with the exception of two years (1811-13, when he took charge of Christ Church, Alexamlria) his ministrations were given to Millwood, of which he subsequently became rector. In 1827 the College of William and Mary conferred upon him the doctorate in divinity. Meade had become a leader of the " I'^\-angelical " party, and had been the candidate of that school for the assistant bishopric of Pennsylvania. Losing that appointment by a single vote, he was chosen to the assistant bishopric of Virginia. He was consecrated in .St. James's Church, Philadelphia, Aug. 19, 1829, b}' liishops White, Ilobart, Griswold, Channing Moore, Croes, l^rovvnell, and H. U. Onderdonk. On the death of Moore he became, without ojjjxisition, bishop of Virginia, although he haci been originall\- elected without the right of succession. The bishops, at the time of his consecration, i)rotested against this disability, and it was never urged. Meade, with no little reluctance, entered into the confederation of the Churches of the South during the Ci\il War, and became, by virtue of seniority of consecration, the presiding bishop of the Church in the Confederate States. He died March 14, 1862, at Richmond, Va. His remains, first interred in Holl3'wood, now rest in the ceme- tery of the Theological Seminary of Virginia. He was " a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost." WoRiv.s. — I. " Family Prayers " (1834) ; 2. " Lectures on the Pastoral Office " (1849) ; 3. " Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia" (2 vols., 8vo, 1856) ; 4. " The Bible and the Classics" (1861). Bishop Meade reprinted Bacon's "Sermons to Ser- vants," originally issued in colonial days. His sermons, addresses, p.astorals. etc., had a wide circulation. To his fostering care the \'irginia Theological Seminary is deeply indelited. See " Memoir " liy Bishop Johns. 5' RIGHT REVHREND WILLIAM MDRRAY STONE, CD. Milliam ni>iuTa\> Stone. The episcopate of the third bishop of Maryland was comparatively brief and uneventful. It was a period of transition in the diocesan history. The clergy of ante-Re\-ohitionar\- ordination, those who, on the one side or the other, had participated in the stirring scenes of the Revolution, anti even the few who at the introduction of the episcopate into this country had entered upon the ministry at the first ordinations of the earliest bishops, were now at rest or incapaci- tated. The party spirit wiiich had begun to manifest itself through- out all sections of the church was nijw at its height in ]\lar3-laiul. It was not long before the first schismatic organization was effected, and the founder of the short-li\-ed " Evangelical Episcopal Church " in Maryland was the theological instructor of the bishop who suc- ceeded the able and inflexible Kemp, Ranged under opposing banners, and using the shibboleth of party, the clergy, not alone of IVIaryland, but elsewhere, wasted in intestine strifes the strength and effort which, if directed to secure the Church's ad\ance, would ha\e " made glad the cit\' of nnr God." Born in Somerset Count}-, Md., June I, I 7/9, Stone was gradu- ated at Washington College, Kent Count)-, Md., and, diiectly on receixing his degree, began the stuily ot theolog}- under the tutor- ship of the eloquent and accomplished George Dashiel, of Haltimoie. He was admitted to deacon's orders b}- Bishoij Claggett, in St. Paul's Church, Prince George's County, Md., May 17, 1802. antl re- cei\ed the priesthood at the hands of the same jii-elate, in the same place, Dec. 27, 1S02. For more than a t]uarter of a centur\- Stone served as rector of Stepney parish, Somerset Count}-, remoxing in 1829 to St. I'aid's Church, Chestertow-n, in the count}' of Kent. In 1830 he received the doctorate in di\init}- from Columbia Col- lege, New 'S'ork, and on Oct. 2 1st of the same }-ear was consecrated bi.sho]} of Mar}-lantl in St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, b}- Bishops White, Channing Moore, H. U. (Jnderdonk-, and Meade. Bishop Stone died P"eb. 26, i8>S, after a life consecrated to Christ and His Church. Wi.kKs. — I. ■• .\ CliarKc t.i the < 'leri^y an,l I.aity ..f Maiylana" (iS;i); 2. ".\ I'as- toral Letter" (1S35); _;. " Sermon liefure the (ieneral Convention" (iS,;5). RIGHT REVEREND BENJAMIN TREDWEI.L ONDERDONK, D.D. .tScnjamin ^vc^\vcU ©nbcrbonh. A r.l'I.KV octavo record-s the " Trial of l^ishop B. T. ( )n(lercloiik." With the sciires of other pamphlets called out b_\- this proceedini^, there will be preserved for all time to come the stor_\- of one of the most painful chapters of the annals of the American Church. Re- viewed after the lapse of fift\- \'ears, a sober juilynient will possibly question the wisdom of the court's decision, and belie\e that party differences (though quite unintentionally) hindered the more chari- table construction of acts and purposes deemeti at the time conclu- sive of guilt. Certain!)-, if a holy and humble walk during the long years of his suspension, and consistent and unwavering protestations of innocence of conscious sin, are to enter into our consideration, Onderdonk may be regarded as sinned against, even if sinning. Born in New York, Jul)- 15, 1791, ant! ^.^railuatetl from Columbia, 1809, Onderilonk was admitted to the dia<:(inate b)- Ilobart, in St. Paul's Chapel, New York, Aug. 2, 1812, and was [jriested b)- the same prelate, in Trinit)' Chui'ch, Newark, N. J., Jul)- 26, 1S15. In 1816 he was elected secretary of the Dicjccsan Con\-ention, which position, with an assistancy at Trinity, New York, he held until he was raised to the episcopate. The professorship of ecclesiastical history in the General Theological Seminar)-, with the chair of the nature, ministr)-, and polity of the Church, he noniinall)- retained until his death. In 1826 Columbia College ga\ e him a D.I). Onderdonk was consecrated bishop of New Yoik in St. John's Chapel. New York, Nov. 26, 1830, by Bishops White, Hrownell, and H. U. Onderdonk. His episcopate was vigorous and aggressi\e. Untiring in labors, pronounced in his judgments, impatient nf oppo- sition, he was naturally a leader; and his " High-Church " position secured for him enemies as well as friends. Bishop Onderdonk was suspended Jan. 3, 1S43. The request of the Diocesan Con\-ention to the General Convention of 1859 to ter- minate the suspension, which had been adopted b)- a clerical vote of 147 to 19, and by a lay \-ote of 75 to 46, was not granted. Dr. S. H. Tyng, a leader of the opposition, earnestly advocated the re- mission of the sentence, and the bishop's restoration was repeatedl)- urged by the diocese. Before the next General Convention, Onder- donk died, April 30, I 86 I , still protesting his innocence. Works.— Episoiixil ade>, cliargcs, and i.a>t..rals. 55 RIGHT REVEREND LEVI SII.LIMAN IVES, D.D., I.L.D. %cv\ Silliinan Hvcs. Born in Meriden, Comi., Sei)t. 16, i 797, the subject of this sketch entered Hamilton College, X. Y., 18 16, with the Presbyterian min- istr_\- in \'ie\v. Failing health compelled the abandonment of his purpose. He left college without graduating, and on renvi\ing to New York began his preparation for hoi}' orders under the ilireclion of l^ishop Hobart. Ordered deacon by this prelate, Aug. 4, 1S22, in Trinity, New- York, and advanced to the priesthood in Trinity (Southwark), Phila- delphia, Dec. 14, 1823, by Bishop White, Ives served at St. James's, Bata\'ia. N. Y. ; Trinity (Southwark), Philadelphia; as assistant min- ister at Trinity, New York ; and as rector of St. Luke's, New York, and St. James's, Lancaster, Pa. In 1824 Columbia conferred upon him the doctorate in (li\inity. He recei\'ed the doctorate of laws from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1834. He was consecrated to the see of North Carolina, in Trinity Church (Southwark), Philadelphia, Sept. 22, 1831, by Bishops White, H. U. and B. T. C)n(.ler(.lonk. After serious difficulties with his clergy and laity, resulting in an utter loss of confidence on the part of the diocese in his judgment and integrity. Bishop I\'es, quite suddenh-, made his submission to the Roman obedience, and was solemnly deposed trom his episcopal office and administration, October, 1S53. The perversion of I-!ishop Ives was not attended with serious in- jur_\- to the American Church, and in his new relations he failed to attain the prominence that was anticipated. He was ajipointed pro- fessor of rhetoi-ic in St. Josejili's Seminary. I*"ordham, N. Y., lec- turer on English literature and 1 hetoric in the Convent ot the Sacred Heart, and [iresident of the Order of St. \'incent de Paul. He died Oct. 13, 1867. WiiRKs. — I. " A Catediisni " ; 2. " ^^anual uf Dt-votiuu " ; ^. " Sermons on the Apos- tles' Doctrine and Fellowsliip " ; 4. "Trials of a .Mind in its Progress to Catholicism" (published in Boston, 1853, and reprinted in London the following year) ; 5. Occasional sermons, addresse.s, charges, and pastorals. y*%K '-'^ ,'^' ^ ' "">-•# RIGHT REVEREND JOHN HENRY HOPKINS, D.D., LL.D. Jobii 1f3cnr\> *ff3ophin8. Soon after the close of the War of the Revolution the erratic Samuel Peters, LL.D., a refugee clergyman of Connecticut then residint;" in London, was chosen tu the episcopate of Vermont, and measures were set on toot to secure his consecration either in Eng- land or from the bishops of the United States. The plan failed, and the Churchmen of Vermont at a later day placed themselves under the charge of the excellent Bass, of Massachusetts, who never visited them, and who was, possibly, unaware of his election to the see. Vermont afterward became a part of the Mastern Diocese, and en- jo_\-ed the apostolic ministrations nf Griswold till, in the dexelop- ment of the Church in this State, and in the reco\ei-_\- (if much of its old endowments arising from grants of land made prior to the war to the Venerable Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, it was deemed expedient ti) form an independent see and to elect a iiishop of its own. John Henry Hopkins, first bishop of Vermont, was born in Diib- lin, Ireland, Jan. 30, 1792. During the future bishop's bi.iyhood his father removed with his famil\- to the L'liited States, making his home in Philatlelphia. After \'aried experiences, in all oi which appears the guiding hand of Providence, the young Hopkins was admitted to the bar, and speedily attained a successful and lucrative practice at Pitts- burg, Pa. During a vacancy in the rectorship of Trinity Church, of which he was a devoted member, his ser\-ices as a lay reader and in the conduct of the church music, as well as in the Sunda_\'-school and other parish actixities, were so acceptable to the congregation that the \estry elected him, even before he had become a candidate for orders, to the rectorship of the church. After consultation with Bishop White, the young lawyer determined to accept the \-estry's invitation, He was admitted to the diaconate in Trinity Church (South wark), Philadelphia, Dec. 14, 1823, by J-iishoj) White, who ad- \anced him to the [jriestliood in St. John's, Norristown, Pa., May 12, 1S24. In 1826, and again in 1829, Hopkins was a deputy to the General Con\ention from the diocese of Penns\'hania, taking from the first a leading purl in its debates and measures. In 1831 he was called to Iioston, A\here he became the assistant minister of Trinit}- Church, and was designated the i)rofessor of 59 60 THE EPISCOr.ll E l.\ AMERICA. systematic divinity in the proposed theological school of the (Hd- cesc. It was in tiie midst of preparations for the establishment of this school that Hopkins was chosen bishop of Vermont. His con- secration took place in St. Paul's Chapel, New York, Oct. 31, 1832. His consecrators were Bishops White, Griswold, and Bowen. On his entrance upon his episcopate he became rector of St. Paul's, Burlington, and at once began the educational, literary, and mission- ary work that with unfailing vigor he never lost sight of till death. He was preeminently a leader of men, and his active part in the controversies of the day is shown by his writings, which had great weight at the time of their appearances, and still attest his wide reading and anah-tical powers. Bishop Hopkins was a prominent figure at the first Lambeth Con- ference, in 1868. The manly and independent course taken by the distinguished American prelate with reference to the " Colenso scandal " gained for Bishop Hopkins the respect of those who op- posed him, and gave great satisfaction to the Church he represented. The American Church, independent of state complications, had rec- ognized the validit)- of the deposition of the heretical bishop by the metropolitan of South Africa, the sainted Robert Gray. This posi- tion the English prelates found themseh'es unable to take, and in this Conference the bishop of Vermont was a leader of those who con- tended for the supremacy of the Church in matters ecclesiastical over any opposition arising from the state. It was to Hopkins, as ap- peared when the proceedings of the first Lambeth Conference first saw the light ten years later, that this stand in defense of the sound Chnrchmanship and fearless bra\-er\- of Robert Gray (/'v ccclcsia Dei) was due. There appears in the works of this great bishop a marked development of Churchly feeling and an increased conservatism in Churchly news, when we compare the printed pamphlets and works of his earlier years with those of later days. The trench- ant pen that was used in support of the tenets of the " E\angel- ical " school in the bishop's youth, was found in his maturity equally powerful on behalf of a more pronounced teaching and a more un- equivocal advocacy of Church teaching. The literary history of the bishop is quite as interesting and instructive as the story of his life. He was a seeker after truth, and he was never ashamed to own the con\ictions he had reached, even if they were at variance with those he had earlier avowed. He took a leading part in efforts to pre\'ent the rending of the Church at the breaking out of the Civil War, as well as in bringing together the bishops of the North and South when the strife was over. He was made a doctor in di\inity by the Uni- versitv of Vermont, and received the doctorate of laws from Jubilee JOIIX l!i:XRY iiorKixs. 61 College, Illinois. On the tiecease of Bishop l^rownell he succeeded t(i the primacy in the House of Bishops and in the American Church. A man of varied accomplishments, of extensive reading, of broad culture, of Catholic tastes, logical, judicial, and argumentati\e, the administration of the first bishop of Vermont left the impress of his powers, his genius, and his marvelous capacity for labor on the Church in the diocese, and on the Church at large as well. The story of his life, " by one of his sons," published in 1873, reads like a romance, and is a most interesting antl \'aluable contribution to the history of the times. Bishop Hopkins died at Burlington, Vt., Jan. 9, 186S, beIo\-ed and regretted by all men. WiiKKs. — I. "Christianity Vinilicited " (183,5); 2. "The Primitive Creed Kxaiii- incd anil Ivxiilaiiied " (1834) ; 3. " The I'rimitive Chiireli " ( 1831;) ; 4. " Essay on Ciothic Architecture " (410, 1836); 5. " The Church of Rome Contrasted," etc. ( 1S37) ; 6. " 'I'lie Novelties which Disturb our Peace " (1844) ; ". " Sixteen Lectures on the Reformation " (1845) ; 8. " History of the Confessional " (1850) ; 9. " The ' End of Controversy ' Con- troverted " (1854, 2 vols.); 10. "The .\merican Citizen" (1857); n. "A Scriptural, Ecclesiastical, and Historical View of Slavery' (1864); 12. " The Law of Ritualism" (1866) ; 13. " The History of the Church in Verse " (1867). After his death tliere was published his " Candid Examination of the Question wliellier tlic Pope of Rcmie is tlie Great Antichrist of Scripture" (1868). He issued numerous occasional sermons, addresses, letters, and tracts, m adilition to his jirinted volumes. \ 1^ RIGHT REVEREND BENJAMIN BOSWORTH SMITH, D.D., LL.D. SScnjaniin SSoswortb Smith. BOKN in Bristol, R. I., June 13, 1794, and L;nKliiatiny at Brown University, Providence, 1816, Smith was admitted to deacon's orders by Bishop Griswold at St. Michael's Church in his nati\-e town, April 2^, 1817, and was adwinced to the priesthood in St. Michael's, Marblehead, Mass., June 24th of the following year. His first pastoral work was rendered at Marbleheatl, where he re- mained for two years, and at St. George's, Accomack Conntv, V^a., where he remained in charge for about the same length of time. He then combined the cure of Zion Church, Charlestown, with that of Trin- ity, Shepherdstown, Va. Returning to New England, he was rector of St. Stephen's Church, Middlebury. Yt., from 1823 to 1828. F'rom 1828 to 1832 he had charge of Grace Church mission, Philadelphia. Removing to Kentucky, he was, 1832, in charge of Christ Church, Lexington, and was consecrated bishop of the diocese in St. Paul's Chapel, Xew York, Oct. 31, 1832, by l^ishops White, Brownell, and H. U. Onderdonk. In 1837 he ga\"e up his rectnrate of Christ Church, Lexington, and devoted himself wholly to the work of the episcopate. In 1868, on the death of Bishop Hopkins, he became presiding bishop. During his term of office as presiding bishop fifty-two bishops were consecrated, of which number fifty were liv- ing at the time of his decease. He received the degree of D.D. from Geneva College 1832, and was made an LL.D. by Griswold College, Davenport, la., 1870, and b}- his alma mater, Brown Uui- \ersit_\-, 1872. He was for a lime State supcrii tcndent of educa- tion in Kentucky. Smith died in New York, May 31, 1884, after a long, useful, and honored episcopate. Works. — i. " Five Cliari;es to tlie Clergy of Kentucky " : 2. " The P(.sitiiin of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United .States " (a sermon before the General Conven- tion, 1850) ; 3. " .Saturday Evening; or. Thoughts on the Progress of the Plan of Salva- tion " (1876); 4. " Apostolic Succession: Facts which Prove that a Ministry Appointed by Christ Himself Involves this Position" (1S77). Bishop Smith was editor of the " Episcopal Register " of Vermont, 1S23-2.S ; of the " Episcopal Recorder," Philadelphia, 1828-52. ^'^^ c\> ®tc^. The first bishop of Tennessee was a Virginian, having;- been born in Liberty, Bedford County, Jan. 27, i(Soo. He was graduated at tlie Uni\ersit_\' o( North Cai-nlina, at Chapel Hill, 1820, and became a tutor in this institution tiic academic year foIl(nving. He was admitted to the diaconate in St. John's Cluirch, WiUiamsboro', N. C, Oct. 16, 1825, by Bishop Ravenscroft, who ad- vanced him to the priesthood in St. Mattlievv's Church, Hilisboro', June 17, 1827. Removing to Tennessee, and making his home at I'"rankhn in that State, he opened a classical school for his support, while minister- ing at Franklin, Columbus, and Nashville. Columbia College conferred on the young divine his doctorate in divinity, 1833; and the following year, Jan. 14th, he was con- secrated bishop of Tennessee in Christ Church, Philadcli)hi,i,by ]>ish- ops White, the two Onderdonks, and Doane. Besides the duties devolving upon liim in his own see, Otey acted for several years as provisional bishop df Mississippi and Florida, and as missionary bishop of Arkansas, the Indian Territory, and Louisiana. He founded a diocesan school of the higher education for girls at Columbia, Tenn., which, with the usual vicissitudes at- tending such \entures of faith, has proved of great advantage to the Church in the South. The bishop was one of the original projec- tors of the University of the South at Sewanee, Tenn. Otey died, April 23, 1863, during the troubles and desolations of the Ci\il War. On his monument he had directed these words to be inscribed : FnLY Caiiioi.ic Church IX Tknxkssek. "The I1I00.I i.f Jesus Christ deanseth us from .ill sin." WoRK.s. — Otey was a man of strong intellectual powers, a forcible and argumentative preacher, a theologian, a scholar, and a man of affairs. Under circumstances requiring less of wearying episcopal labor and travel he would have been an acceptable contributor to the theological literature of the day, as well as to that of culture and social science. He has left in print, besides his charges, episcopal addresses, pastorals, etc., but a single work: "Doctrine, Discipline, and Worship of the American Branch of the Catholic Church, E.Nplained and Unfolded in Three Sermons " (1852). 69 RIGHT REVEREND JACKSON KEMPER, D.D. Jachson 1l\cntpci\ The first missionary bishup of the American Church was born in Pleasant VaUey, X. Y., Dec. 24, 1789. Graduated at Columbia, 1809, Kemper studied theology under Hobart ; was made deacon and priested in Christ Church, Philadel- phia, by White, March 10, 181 i, and Jan. 2},, 1814, respectively. P~or twenty years he was assistant minister of the united parishes of Christ Church, St. Peter's, and St. James's, Philadelphia, adding to this work the duties of diocesan secretary, 181 1 — 18, and giving special attention to outlying mission stations. In 1819-20 he was engaged in securing funds for the General Theological Seminary. Columbia gave him the di\'init_\' doctorate, 1829. He became rector of St. Paul's Church, Norwalk, Conn.. 1831. He was consecrated, Sept. 25, 1835, missionar}' bishop for Missouri anil Indiana, in St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia, by Bishops White, Moore, Chase, the two Onderdonks, Smith, and Doanc, — the last consecration in which the venerable White took part. The annals of Kemper's missionary apostolate are of the deepest interest. In addition to his own extensive see, his care of the churches was extended over the territory now embraced by Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas, into which immigrants were pouring. His visitation.^ were undertaken under circumstances of the greatest difficulty. Traversing vast reaches of country just opened for settlement ; with only the most primitive facilities for journeying; making his temporary home in the rough cabin or the miserable tavern — Kemper gave full proof of his apostolic ministry, and in his care for the churches never cared for himself. He made extensive visitations in Arkansas, Mississippi, Lnuisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida, 1837-38. The experiences of this tour were apostolic. The see of Maryland was offered Kemper, 1838, and declined. He was chosen diocesan of Wisconsin, 1847, but this was also de- clined. Twelve years later he was again offered Wisconsin, and in view of increasing years and infirmities he accepted the see. He died at Delafield, Wis., May 24, 1870. WoKKS. — His life is yet tn lie written. It will lie the history of the fminaing of the Church in the niiiMle West. His reports in " The Spirit of Missions " anA " The Proceed- ings of the BoMrd of .Missions " are of the deepest interest. He left a few p.unphlets, etc. RIGHT REVEREND SAMUEL ALLEN McCOSKRY, S.T.D., LI..D. Samuel Ellen ni^eCo8hv\?, BisilOi' Chase, on his resignation of Ohio (1851), had removed to Michigan, and made purchases ot lands for C'hurcli purposes, when he was called (1835) to Illinois. I'hc impetus given to the development of the Church in Michigan during this period resulted in the organization of a diocese. McCoskry was born in Carlisle, Pa., No\-. 9, 1804. He entered the U. S. Military Acadenn-, 1820, where he remained for two years. He then entered Dickinson College, Carlisle, and was gradu- ated 1825. Stuciying law, he was a successlul practitioner for six years, holding for a time the deputy attorney generalship fur Cum- berland County. He began his preparation for orders, 1831 ; was ordered deacon, in Christ Church, Reading, March 28th, and priested in the same church, Dec. 13, 1833, by H. U. Onderdonk. After a brief term of service at Reatling he became rector of St. Paul's Church, Philadelphia. He was consecrated, July 7, 1836, bishop of Michigan, in St. Paul's Church, Philadelphia,' by l^ishdijs M. U. Onderdonk, Doane, and Kemper. On entering upon his see, McCoskrj' accepted the rectorship of St. Paul's, Detroit, wliich he retained for twenty-seven years. Columbia College and the University of Pennsyl\-ania con- ferred upon him the doctorate in divinity, 1837. On his visit to England at the jubilee of the Venerable Society for the Propagatrcin of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, he recei\ed from Oxford the degree of D.C.L. His administration was marked b}' great growth and de\'elop- ment. After nearly forty-two years of serxice he tendered his resignation, March, 1878, "owing to failing health and infirmities of age, which hinder the etilicient atlministration of the affairs of the diocese." He was then in his seventy-fifth year. Charges having been made against his character, he withdrew his resignation, de- manding an investigation. With the vacillation of age, and weak- ened mentally and physically, he renewed his resignation, but before the House of Bishops could investigate, sailed for Euroj^e. At a meeting of the House in New York, Sept. 3, 187S, he was deposed. It is but just to say that at this meeting a quorum was obtained with great difificult}-. and that many are not satisfied with the decision there reached. He died in New York, August, 1886. \VoKKs. — McCckry left nothing but his dflicial adilresses, etc. 7,? RIGHT REVEREND LEONIDAS POLK, D.D. ILcotiibas poih. Born at Raleigh, N. C, April lo, iSo6, Leonidas Polk was gradu- ated at the U. S. Military Academy, West Point, 1827. It was dur- ing his connection with the academy that he received holy baptism at the hands of the Rev. Charles Pcttit Mclhaine, and shurtl)- after his graduation he was confirmed in Christ Church, Raleigh, by Ravenscroft. Resigning his commission in the army with a \ie\\ to entering the ministry, he was admitted to the diaconate in the Monumental Church, Richmond, Va., by Bishop Channing Moore, April 1 1, 1830, and was advanced to the priesthood by the same prelate in Christ Church, Norfolk, Va., May 22, 1833. His service as assistant to the bishop at the Monumental Church was terminated by loss of health, which made a \isit to luirojje necessary, and on his return he removed to Tennessee, w here he became rector of St. Peter's, Columbia. In 1835 he was a depute- to the General Convention. In 1838 Columbia College conlerred upon him the doctorate in divinity. Chosen by the General Convention to the missionary episcfipate, he was consecrated bishop of Arkansas and the Indian Territory south of TfC^ 30' of latitude, with provisional charge of Alabama, Mississippi, and the republic of Texas, in Christ Church, Cincinnati, Dec. 9, 1838. His consecrators were Bishops Meade, Smith, Mcll- \'aine, and Ote\'. In 1S41 he was elected first bishop of Louisiana, and resigned his missionary episcopate. Polk was a judicious administrator, a scholarly theologian, an elo- quent preacher, and an influential member of the Upper House. His views were those of the " Evangelical" school; and his broad cul- ture and sympathetic interest in the young led him to take an ac- tive part in tlie first foundation of the Universit}- of the South, at Sewanee, Tenn. Intense in his Southern sympathies, and .still retaining his interest in military matters, on the breaking out of the Civil War he threw himself heartily into the secession movement, and was commissioned a major-general of the Confederate forces. While on duty in the vicinity of Marietta, Ga., he was mortally wounded, and died in the faith and peace of God, June 14, 1864. Works. — Other than his official addresses, etc., PolI< left nothing in print. 75 RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM HEATHCOTE DE LANCEY, S.T.D.. LL.D., D.C.L. Milliain IT^catbcotc ^c Xancc^. The descendant of one of the most prominent and devout Church- men of the colonial Church, the first bishop of Western New York was born on the family estates in Mamaroneck, N. Y., Oct. 8, 1797, and was graduated at Yale College, 181 7. He studied under Hobart, and was ordained by him to the diac- onate in St. John's Chapel, New York, Dec. 28, 1819, and to the priesthood in Trinity Church, March 6, 1822. He tlrcn became an assistant minister of the united parishes in Philadelphia, under the charge of White, and was afterward appointed for duty at St. Peter's Church. He was secretary of the Pennsylvania Convention, 1823-30, and of the House of Bishops, 1823-29. In 1828 he was chosen pro- vost of the University of Pennsjdvania, which position he retained fur five years. In 1833 he resumed his duties as assistant minister at St. Peter's; and on the death of White he was chosen to the rec- torship of the parish, wliicli now for the first time became indepen- tlent of Christ Cluirch. On the division of the diocese of New York by the creation of the western portion of the State as an independent see, De Lancey was chosen the first Bishop of Western New York. The consecration took place in St. Peter's Church, Auburn, Ma}- 9, 1839. The con- secrators were Bisliops Griswold, the two Onderdonks, and Doane. De Lancey established his home at Geneva, making Trinity Church in that town his pro-cathedral, and giving special attention to the development of Geneva, afterward known as Hobart, College. Yale conferred upon him the doctorate in divinity, 1828; Union gave him the degree of LLT)., 1S47; anci O.xford made him a b.C.L., 1852. After a judicious and successful administration, with the ex'idence of growth on e\ery side, and possessing the love, tlie confidence, and the profound respect of his diocese and the Church at home and abroad, De Lancey " fell asleep" at iiis home in Geneva, April 5. 1865. Works. — i. Several tracts (one on tlie " Duties of Clnirclnvardens and ^'cstrynlen ") ; 2. "An Historical Sermon on the Centennial of St. Peter's, Philadelpliia " ; 3. The " Annual Addresses " to his diocese (one of which gives in detail the account of his visit to Knnjnnd at the time of the jubilee of the Venerable Society ) ; 4. Charges and pastorals. 77 RIGHT REVEREND CHRISTOPHER EDWARDS GADSDEN, D.D. Cbnstopbcv Ebwarbs Gabsbcn. The successor of Robert Smith, Theodore Dehon, and Nathaniel Bowen in the episcopate of South Carolina was born in Cliarleston, Nov. 25, 1785, and was graduated at Yale in the class of 1804. Ordered deacon in St. Paul's Chapel, New York, July 25, 1807, by Bishop Benjamin Moore, and priested in Bruton Church, Wil- liamsburgh, Va., by Bishop Madison, April 14, 1810, Gadsden served for two years at St. John's, Berkeley, S. C, and then remo\ing to his native cit\-, he was first assistant minister, and, 18 14, rector of St. Philip's Church. In this cure of souls he remained until his con- secration to the episcopal office. In 1815 he received the degree of D.D. from South Carolina College. Gadsden's consecration took place in Trinity Church, Boston, June 21, 1840. The consecrators were Bishops Griswold, Doane, and McCoskry. After an administration marked by growth and spiritual development, and made noteworthy by his untiring labors and marked successes, he entered into rest at Charleston, June 24, 1852, and his remains were interred in the chancel of St. Philip's Church. " He, being dead," by the holiness of his life and conver- sation " yet speaketh." Works. — i. " Sfrnion nn the I'eath of Ili'^liop Delion, anri an Essay on his Life" (1S33) ; 2. " The lVayer-booI< as it Is " ; j. Three charges to the clergy. RIGHT RE\"EREND WILLIAM ROLLINSON WHITTINGHA.W, S.T.D., I.L.D. Photographed by \V. C. Habcock, from paintini; hy Mrs. Rolliiisoii Colburn. Copyrishl by Mrs. R. Colburn. Milliain IRolUiison Mhittinobani. B(.)KX in the city of New York, Dec. 2, 1805, educated privately, and chiefly by his mother, a woman of the highest culture, W'hitting- ham was graduated with distinguished honors at the General Theo- logical Seminary ; was made deacon by Hobart in Trinity Church, March 11, 1827; was advanced to the priesthood by Croes, in St. Mark's Church, Orange, N. J., Dec. 17, 1829; and was instituted to the rectorship of that church by the same prelate on the following da\-. He became rector of St. Luke's, New York, 1 S3 i , and in 1836 was made professor of ecclesiastical history in the General Theological Seminary, which position he retained until his consecration. In 1837 Columbia conferred upon him the doctorate in divinit)'. In 1859 St. John's, Annapolis, gave him the doctorate of laws. His consecration to the episcopate of Maryland took place in St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, Sept. 17, 1S40. His consecrators were Bishops Griswold, Channing Moore, B. T. Onderdonk, and Doane. Whittingham was a scholar of rare attainments, a sound theologian, an impassioned speaker, a clear debater, and a most de\oted bishop. Outspoken, fearless in his defense of the right, scrupulously con- scientious, and self-denying, he will ever be remembered among the foremost bishops of the American Church. His vast collection of books, the largest private library in the country at the time of his death, it is believed, he bequeathed to the diocese, and with his usual modesty gave to it the name of the friend through whose lib- erality the building which contained 't was erected. He died at Orange, X. J., Oct. 17, 1879. Works. — AVliile in New Vnrk \Vliittingliam was the editor of several Church serials, and of a " Parish Library of Standard Works," in 13 volumes, annotated and prefaced with great care. He published a reprint of " Palmer's Church History " (i2nio, 1862), which has been several times reissued. With the Rev. J- F. Schroeder, D.D., and other associates, he edited a series of " Essays and Dissertations on Biblical Literature" (Svo, 1829). In connection with the Rev. Prof. S. H. Turner. L). D.. he edited Jahn's " In- troduction to the Old Testament. " His charges and addresses, together with his occasional sermons, pastorals, essays, etc.. were numerous and of great value. RIGHT REVERKND STEPHEN ELLIOTT, D.D. Stcpbcn Elliott l?i)K\ .It liraiilnrt, S^ C, Alli;'. 31, iSofi, I'.lliolt acrivcil his col^ Iri^iatr traiiiiii;^ lor 1 w 1 > years at llaixanl, and In the rciiiaiiicli-r nf liis toiirsf at Sou ill La 1 1)1 ilia Colk'L;i', w lion' lir \va^ ;^railiialc(l, 1 the- liar, he cnniiniRcl in the praclicc nl law Inr fiw yfai>, and lluii aliaiidnnid the lei;al jiii 'Ifssioii lur the stud)- (if thcol(ig_\'. lie was adiuittcd t(i deacim's iinlcrs hy Hisliii]i liciw en, in St. Paul's (/hiiieli, Charlesldii, Nm-. (S, 1835, and was acKaiued tn tlu- piiest- liimd liy the same jirelate, June 22, iS^S. Alter a brief serx'ice dnriiiL;' his diacunate at Christ Cliiirc h, W'il- tiiii, S, C, he w as eleeled pn ilessor (if saereil lilei.itnic and the ( \ i- deiiees (if C hri^tianitx in .Smith Cai'dlina tdllene, lie rel.iined this |M.st until ealled tn the episei ip.ite. He reicixcd the di k ti ir.ite in (li\inity in 1 1S41J Irmn Cnhmiliia t'(i|leL;e, New ^cllk■, and 'l'rinil\-, llanford. ICUidtt w.as C(iiiseci;iled to the episedji.ite of riediL^i.a in Christ Chiireh, Sawmn.ih, l'"eli. jS, 1 S4 1 . Mis Cdiiseeiatdis were liislmps I\Ie;ule, hes, .and C.idsden. ( )n estalilishiiiL; his hinne in his new see, he became rector of St.lnhn's Church, S.i\ .inii.ih. lie w.is a|ipdiiit( il, 1.S45, prd\isioiiai bishd]) df Mdrid.i. At the s.iiiie time he est.ibhshed at Mdiltjielier a (licices.in silidi.j lor i^irls. Alter se\cn \ ciis nl elldit this xcnture of faith pidxed niisnc< essliil .■mcl iiudbcd the luss ol the bishdp's entire fditiine. Returning; td S.i\ .uni.ili, he became rector df Christ Chinch, wliich pd^itidii he rel.hned till de.ith. Hishcip I'.llidtt entered he.irtily into the secession m(i\-ement, ;ind thrdtiL;hdut the Ci\il \\';ir w.'is ;i ]irdiniiK-nt .uid inlluenti.il leader in the elfdrts for the establishment (if th.e Church in the Cdiifeder.ite St.ites. lie died in Savannah, Dec. Ji, iSdd, lield\cd and re\ere(l of all men. \V,,i;|..,._l;,sl,lcs liis oll'icial ])iil)lidi(icuis, ;i(lilrcsscs, |.:iM(irals, diari;c's, etc., a volume c.f '■ SiTiiinn', " WM', |.ulilislu-.l in New Vork after tlie l.islioi.'s .leceasj. w illi a pretalnrv skeleli of liis life. 83 RIC.HT REVEREND ALFRED LEE. S.T.D., LL.D. Hlfrcb Xee. Alfred Lee was born in Cambridge, Mass., Sept. q, 1807. He was graduated at Harvard, 1827. On taking his degree he studied law, and was admitted to the bar. Turning his attention to- ward the sacred ministry, he entered tiie General Theological Semin- ary, where he was graduated, 1837. He was admitted to the diaco- nate in Trinit\- Church, Norwich, Conn., i\Iay 21, 1837, by Bishop ]5rownell, who advanced him to the priesthood in Christ Church, Hartford, June 12, 1838. A few months of his early ministry were spent at St. James's, Poquetanuck, Conn. In September, 1838, he became rector of Calvary Church, Rockdale, Pa., where he remained until he was raised to the episcopate. In 1841 Trinity and Hobart gave him the divinity doctorate. He recei\ed the same degree from Harvard in i860, and in 1877 Delaware College, Newark, Del., gave him the doctorate of laws. He was consecrated bishop of Delaware in St. Paul's Chapel, New York, Oct. 12, 1841, by Bishops Griswold, Mciore, Chase, Brownell, H. U. Onderdonk, Meade, and Mclhaine. He became rector of St. Andrew's Church, Wilmington. On the death of Smith (1884) he became presiding bishop. He died at Wilmington, April 1 2, 1887, and his remains rest in the " Old Sweties' " churclnard. Lee was a scholar of w-ide erudition, well read in the theology of the Calvinistic and Puritan schools ; a graceful writer, an earnest and effective preacher, and a mild, though firm and fearless, admin- istrator. His views were " Evangelical." He was deeply interested in the Church's missions abroad, in the work of Christian education, and in all the leading charities and organizations of the " Evangelical " part}-. He was specially prominent in the conduct and de\elop- ment of the Mexican mission, and \isited Mexico in its behalf, par- ticipating in the work of the Mexican Commission, which resulted in the consecration of Dr. H. C. Riley as bishop of the Valley of Mexico. Of great personal holiness, courteous, cultured, and re- fined, he lived the life of a true-hearted bishop. Works. — i. " Life of St. Peter " : 2. " Life of .St. John " : 3. " Voice in the Wilder- ness " ; 4. Five episcopal charges; 5. "A Life Hit! in Christ with Gorl," memoir of Susan Allibone, chiefly from her diary and letters (8vo, 1855) ; 6. Ordination sermon IF^ensbaw. The Church in Rhode Island had formed part of the see of Sea- bury, and the signature of the first American bishop — " S. Bp. Conn, et Rho. Ins." — is found attached to many official documents and let- ters. Bass of Massachusetts, and Jarvis of Connecticut, succeeded to the episcopal oversight of Rhode Island. (In the dissolution of the Eastern Diocese the see made choice of its first bishop who was unassociated with another charge. Henshaw was born in Middietown, Conn., June 13, 1792. He was graduated at Middlebury College, Vt., 1808, pursuing post- graduate studies at Harvard. He was admitted to deacon's orders in St. Michael's, Bristol, R. I., by Griswold, ami was ad\-anced to the priesthood in St. Ann's, Brooklyn, N. Y., June 13, 1816. His diaconate was spent at St. Ann's. He entered, when priested, upon the rectorship of St. Peter's Church, Baltimore, where he remained until called to Rhi)de Island. He was consecrated in St. John's Church, Pro\idence, R. I., Aug. II, 1843, by Bishops Brownell, B. T. Onderdonk, Hopkins, Dtiane, W'hittingham, and Johns. His alma mater conferred upon him the doctorate in di\-inity in the year of his consecration. On his Cuming to Rhode Island, he accepted the rectorship of Grace Church, Providence, which he held till death. Henshaw was an eloquent preacher and a popular ami successful parish priest. His views were those of the " Mvangelical " party, and he maintained these principles with an energy and power that won for him a place among the leaders of this school. In later years he grew more conservative in his theological opinirms, while his administration was ever just, equitable, and tolerant of conflict- ing opinions. He had an attracti\e presence, was courtly, and an accomplished conversationalist. He was a faithful priest and bishop. It was while rendering loving service in the diocese of Maryland, where, after years of absence, he was still most affectionately remem- bered, that he "fell asleep," near I'rederick City, July 20, 1852. He was buried in the cemetery of Grace Churcli, I'ro\idence, R. I. Works. — I. "Theology for tlie People" (Svo, 1S40) ; 2. "Hymns for Parocliial Use at St. Peter's " ; 3. " Lectures on the Advent of Christ " : 4. " Tract on Confirma- tion " ; 5. " Sermon on the Jubilee of the .Society for the Propagation of the Gospel " (1851); 6. Addresses, charges, pastorals, etc. RIGHT REVEREND CARLTON CHASE, D.D. Carlton (Tbase. SeaBUKV visited New Hampshire in tiie ccuirse of his progresses through New l^nyland, and Bass accepted the charge of the Ciiiirch in that State in connection with his own see. The signature " Eel- ward, Bp. Mass. and New Hamp.," is still extant, and the connec- tion of the few clergy in New Hampshire with the union of the churches made the connection of the Massachusetts and New Hamp- shire churches intimate and lasting. At the time of the resolving of the Eastern Diocese into its constituent parts, New Hampshire was ready to choose for its own bishnp a natix'e of the State. Chase was born in Hopkinton, N. H., I-'eb. 20, 1794. He was graduated at Dartmouth College, 181 7 ; admitted tn deacon's orders at St. Michael's Church, Bristol, R. I., Dec. 9, 1S18, by Griswokl, who advanced him to the priesthood in Trinity Church, Newport, R. I., Sept. 27, 1820. His sole charge prior to his consecration was the rectorship of Immanuel Church, Bellows Ealls, Vt. In 1839 the University of Vermont conferred upon him the doctorate in divinity. He was consecrated bishop of New Hampsliire, in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Oct. 20, 1844, by Bishops Philander Chase, Brownell, B. T. Onderdonk, I\-es, and Bosworth Smith. Removing to Clare- mont, N. H., he became rector (.>f Trinity Church, which charge he retained for a number of \-ears. He was invited by the standing committee of the diocese of New York, after the suspension of Onderdonk and before the election of Wainwright, to perform episcopal duties in New York. Under this appointment he made three \'isitations, 1850, 185 i, 1852, gi\ing great satisfaction to a diocese resti\e under the disabilities conse^iuent upon an ecclesiastical sentence which had failed to commend itself to the popular mind. Chase died at his home in Claremont, Jan. t8, 1870. The first bishop of New Hampshire was a man of strong intellec- tual abilit}-, a sound theologian, a faithful and tireless administrator of his see, judicial in his judgments, considerate and affectionate, and possessing the confidence and \'eneration of all. He was " a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost." WoKKS. — ( 'liase jHibli^licd mitliiiig save liis a(Ulre>-.es. charges, .anil a few occasional sermons, together with a valuable contribution on llie " History ul the LIiuicli in Ver- mont," included in Thompson's " Gazetteer." I, RIGHT REVEREND NICHOLAS HAMNER COBBS, D.D. IRicbolas IfDatnncr Cobbs. Born in Bedford County, \'a., Feb. 5, 1796, anti educated pri- vately, the early life of Cobbs was spent in teacliinL;-, in which voca- tion he attained a marked success. On turning his attention toward the sacred ministry he was ad- mitted Uj t.he diaconate in Trinity Church, Staunton, \'a., Ma\- 2^, 1824, by Channing Moore, who ad\anced him to the priesthood. May 22, 1825, in the Monumental Church, Richmond. After fif- teen years of pastoral work in the count}- of his birth, in 1839 he became rector of St. Paul's Church, Petersburg, and in 1843 rector of St. Paul's, Cincinnati, O. The following }-ear he was elected to the episcopate of Alabama. Cobbs was a deput_\- from Virginia to the General Con\entions, 1829—41 inclusive. In 1842 Geneva College conferred upon him the degree of doctor in di\inity. He was consecrated bishop of Alabama in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Oct. 20, 1844, by ]?ishops Philander Chase, Meade, Mcllvaine, Doane, and Otey. He died at Montgomer)-, Ala., Jan. 11, 1861. The first bishop of Alabama was an able and argumcntati\e preacher, a thorough logician, and a student of \aried artaii.ments and wide culture. He was faithful in his administration, and his memory is cherished by a grateful people. WiikKS. — I. Seriiiiin «n " Tlic piml.tini; C'liristian Kncuuraged" (.several times re- printed) ; 2. Occasional discourses and episcopal addresses. RIGHT REVEREND CICERO STEPHENS HAWKS. Cicero Stephens llDawhs. The successor of tlie ajiostolic Kemper in the half rif his oriijinal missionary jurisdiction, antl the first bishop ot Missouri elected by the clergy and laity of the diocese, was born at Newbern, X. C. May 26, 181 2. He was graduated at the uni\ersity of his nati\'e State, at Chape Hill, 1S30. He received deacon's orders in St. Thomas's Church New York, Dec. 8, 1834, from Bishop 11 T. Onderdonk, who ad- vanced him to the priesthood in Trinit\' Church, Ulster, X. W. July 24, 1836. His diaconate was spent at Trinity Church, Ulster. C)n becoming a priest he accepted the rectorship of Trinity Church Saugerties, X. V. In 1.S37 he liecame rector of Trinity Church Buffalo, N. Y. In 1843 he renio\ed to Missouri, and was rector of Christ Church, St. Louis, until his election to the episcopate. He was consecrated bishop of Missouri in Christ Church, Phila- delphia, Oct. 20, 1844, by Bishops Philander Chase, Kemper, McCoskry, Polk, and De Lance\'. He ilied in St. Louis, .April IQ, 1868. The administration of the first bishop of Missouri was unexeiitful, save in the rapid growth and development of the Church through- out the State. The bishop was an eloquent preacher, a man of cul- ture and refinement, and a wise, conservative, and tolerant diocesan. He died universally beloved and regretted. Works. — Hawks published nothing save his official addresses, charges, and pastorals, which are fouml in tlie Convention " Journals " of Missouri. RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM JONES BOONE, M.D. Milliam Jones Boone, The first foreign missionary bishop sent forth to his apostohc labors by the Church in the United States was born at Waher- borough, S. C, July i, iSii. He was graduateil at the College of South Carolina, 1S29. He was admitted to the bar after a full course of study, 1833 ; but turn- ing his thoughts toward the work of the ministry, he abandoned the profession of the law, and after taking the course at the Theological Seminary of Virginia, he gave himself to the foreign missionary work of the Church. Witii a view of adding to his qualifications for suc- cessful labor in China he pursued a course of medical study at the College of South Carolina, and received the degree of M.D. Boone was matic (leacju in St. Peter's Church, Charleston, .Se]jt. 18, 1836, by Bishop Bowen, who ad\-anced him to the jjriesthood in St. Michael's Church, March 3, I S3 7. His appointment as a mis- sionary to China immediately followetl his admission to priest's orders, and he sailed for his distant field, Julv 8, 1837. In 1844 he was chosen to the missionary episcopate of China by the Clnircii in General Convention, and was consecrated in St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia, Oct. 26, 1844, by Bishops Philander Cliase, Doane, Otey, and Henshaw. He sailed on his return to China, P)ec. 14, 1844, ti'icl ministered for twenty years with great a^-siduity aiul suc- cess in the field to which he had devoted his life, dying at Shanghai, Jul)- 1 7, 1864. ]>ishop Boone was preeminently a man of Cod. Cultured in man- ner, \\inning in his intercourse with others, with unusual linguistic pijwers, ami widely read on all subjects connected with his calling, he labored with all the faithfulness and zeal of an apostle, and laid down his life willingly for the cause of Christ. Works. — Besides the niissinnary repnrts pulilishe.l in " Tlie Spirit nf Missions," Boone printed only his cnntrihutions tu the discussions attending tlie translation of the Bible into Chinese. RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE WASHINGTON FREEMAN/_D.D. 6covt3C Masbiiioton J^rccman. Little is known ot the early life and studies t)f Bishop P^reeman. Born in Sandwich, Mass., June 13, 1789, of an old Puritan family, he had reached the age of thirty-eiglit years when he was admitted to the diaconate in Christ Church, Raleigli, N. C, Oct. 8, i82'i, by Bishop Ravenscroft, who adxaiiced him to the priesthootl in Christ Church, Newbern, N. C, Ma}- 20, 1827. The first years of his ministry were spent in mission work in North Carolina. In 1829 he accepted the rectorship of Christ Church, Raleigh, which he retained until 1 840, when he renicjx-ed to Columbia, Tcnn. Here he spent about a year of ser\'ice, and then, after a shnit time gi\-en to Swedesborough, N. J., he became rector of Immanuel Church, New Castle, Del. Chosen by the Church in General Convention to the missionary episcopate of "Arkansas and the Indian Territory south of 36 'i^, with supervision of the Church in Texas," Freeman, who had recei\ ed his degree in di\'inity from the University of North Carolina in 1S39, was consecrated in St. Peter's, Philadelphia, Oct. 26, 1S44. The consecrati>rs were Bishojis Philander Chase, Kemper, Doane, Otey, Henshaw, Polk, A It red Lee, Whittingham, Elliott, and Johns. He died, after a laborious but use- ful episcopate, at Little Rock, Ark., April 2g, 1.S58. W0RK.S. — Bishop Freeman left imtliin!.; nf inipurtante in |irint save liis annual reports to the Board of Missions, fnuncl in " The Spirit of .Missions." RIGHT REVEREND HORATIO SOLITHGATE, D.D. *ff3otatio Soutboatc. TllK first missionary bishop of the American Church to tlie Orient was liorn in I'orthind, Me., Jul\- 5, 1812. Graduating at Bovvdoin College, 1832, he entered the Andover Theological Seminar}-, intending to become a Congregationalist minister. The study of church history led him to ask for confirma- tion at the hands of Griswold. He was ordered deacon in Trinity, Boston, July 12, 1835. Appointed by the Domestic and h'ureign Missionary Society to investigate the openings for mission work in Turkey and Persia, he sailed for his field of labor, April 24, i S36, and continued his investigations for two years. He was advanced to the priesthood in St. Paul's Chapel, New York, Oct. 3, 1839, by 15. T. Onderdonk, and in the following spring sailed for Constan- tinople as missionary to the dominions of the sultan of Turkey. He recei\'ed consecration to the missionary episcopate in Turke)' in St. Peter's, Philadelphia, Oct. 26, 1844. The consecrators were Bishops Philander Chase, Whittingham, Pllliott, Johns, and Henshaw. He returned to Constantinople in 1845, continuing in his work until 1849, when he tendered his resignation, which was accepted, 1850. He organized St. Luke's Church, Portland, 1851 ; became rector of the Church of the /\d\ent, Boston, 1852, remaining there foi- over five years; 1859-1872 was rector of Zion Church, New \'oi'k. He received the doctorate in di\init_\- from Columbia, 1845, and from Trinity, 1846. He died, April 12, 1S94, at Astoria, N. Y. The principles of missionary operations under which he attenijited the introduction of a purer practice among the Oriental Churches were those which were determined by the American Church. The principles of non-interference with the Christian Churches existing in those countries, save in educational work, the circulation of the Word, etc., are now accepted b\- nearly all missionaries. The fail- ure of the Church to support him in his judicious and conser\ative work is to be regretted. He was a half-century ahead ot his times. WiiRKS. — I. " .\ Tour tlirougli Armenia, Kunlistan, .ind Mesopotamia" (2 vols., I2mo);2. " A Visit to tlie Syrian Church of Mesopotamia" ( I2mo, 1844) ; 3. " .\ Trea- tise on the Antiquity, Doctrine, Ministry, and Worsliip of the Anglican Cliurcli " ( i2mo, 1849; published in modern Creek at Constantinople); 4. "Practical Directions for the Observance of Lent" (1850); 5. " The War in the East" (1855); 6. " Parochial Ser- mons " (i860) ; 7. " The Cross above the Crescent " (1877) ; 8. " Christus Redemptor : Life, Character, ami Teachings of Our Lord"; 9. "Gone P.efore " ; 10. "Manual of Consolation " ; 11. " Many Thoaghts about Our L.ird " (1880) ; 12. Occasional papers. RIGHT REVEREND ALONZO POTTER, D.D., LL.D. Hloti30 potter. The third to fill the chair of the venerable William White, first bishop of the American Church in the line of succession from Can- terbury, was born in ]3eekman (La Grantee), Dutchess Count)', N. Y.,'july 6, 1800. GraduatiuLj at Union College, 181 8, he was the following year appointed to a tutorship in his alma mater, and, 1821, became pro- fessor of mathematics and natural philosophy. Potter was admitted to the diaconate by Bishop Hobart, May i, 1822, and was advanced to the priesthood by Bishop Brownell, Sept. ifi, 1824. In 1826 he became rector of St. Paul's, Boston, where he remained for five years. In 1831 he was appointed pro- fessor of moral philosophy in Union College, which post he held with distinguished success until his election to the see of Penns)-]- vania. In 1834 Kenyon College conferred on him the degree of doctor in divinity, which was also gi\en him by Ilarwirtl, 1843. He received the doctorate of laws from Union, 1846. Potter was consecrated in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Sept. 23, 1845, by Bishops Philantler Chase, ]5rownell, Hopkins, Doane, McCoskry, Whittingham, Alfred Lee, and Freeman. After a bril- liant episcopate, fruitful in every good word and work; with an un- precedented development of Church acti\-ities ; with an increase of communicants, congregations, clergy, ne\er attained before ; with the adilition to the diocesan institutions of schools, hospitals, re- treats, colleges, to an extent difficult to realize, the belox'ed and revered bishop of Pennsylvania died on shipboard in the harbor of San Francisco, July 4, 1865. The Church and country nmurneil the loss of this great-hearted bishop of souls. WriRKs. — I. " Pnlitical Komrmiy"; 2. " Ilan.llmok fur Readers " ; ,s. " IVinciples of Science Applieil to the Arts " ; 4. " The School and the Schoohiiaster " (written in con- nection with Georye I!. Emerson); 5. " Tlie Three Witnesses" (a posthumous volume of the Lowell Lectures); 6. Sermons, addresses, charges, pastoral letters, etc. Bishop Potter edited " The Memorial Pa|iers " and a course of lecture.s on " The Evidences of Christianitv." See liishon M. A. DeW. Hnwe's ■' Memoirs." / ■'^*^ *te» 1 . RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE BURGESS, D.D. (3C0l\3C BUV13C88. The first hishop of Maine was liDiii at Pro\-itlence, R. I., Oct. 31, I 809. He was graduated at ]^ro\vn Unixersity, 1S26, and was, iS,2h-2g, a tiitiir in his alma inatcr. He studied at the unixersities df iinnn. Goltingen, and Iierhn, 1 S3 1-34, and on his return was ordered dea- con in Grace Chnich, I'roxidence, June 10, 1S34, h\' llisho|) Ciris- wold. On No\-. 2, i.Si4, Bishop Brovvnell atlvanced him to the priestiiood in Christ Church, Hartford, Conn., of \vhich parish he had been chosen rector. He received the doctorate in (H\init\' from Trinity College, 1845, and from Union and Brown, 1846. He was consecrated in Christ Church, Hartford, Conn., C)ct. 31, 1847, b\- Bishops Philander Chase, Brownell, Eastburn, Henshaw, and Carlton Chase. After an episcopate of singular de\-otion, self- sacrifice, and success, he died at sea near Hax-ti, where he had just completed an episcopal visitation, April 2^,, i 8hh, and was buried at Gardiner, Me., which had been his home, and of which he had been the rector since his entrance upon his see. The first bishop of Maine was beloved of all. Retiring in man- nei' aiul unconscious of the subtle personal magnetism w hich drew all hearts to himself, it only retjuired the occasii.m t<.) biing out the stores of learning, co\'ering almost the entire range of knowledge, which maile him the most agreeable of con\'ersationalists and the most ready of debaters. He seemed never to forget any informa- tion he had once acquired, and his stores of recondite learning were e\'er at the use of his friends. Strong in his integrity, impartial in his judgments, conser\ati\e in his atlministration, he li\'ed a life of saintliness, and his entl was peace. WiiRKs. — I. Aciilemic pnciii, "The .Strife of I',r,.tlieis " (1S44); 2. " Tlie liook of Psalms Translated into English Verse" (1S44); 3. " The East Enemy Conquering and Cimqueicd " (1S50) ; 4. " Pages from the Ecclesiastical History of New England between 1740 anil 1840" (1854I; 5. " Sermons on the Christian Life" (1854); 6. "Catechism on the Church Catechism " ; 7. " List of Persons Admitted to the Order of Deacons in the Protestant Episcopal Church, 17S5-1857." Bishop Burgess's five Charges were com- positions of unusual merit. He iiublished several tracts ; " The Stranger in the Church," " Swedenborgianism," etc., which have had a great popularity. His contrilmtion to "The Pophain Memorial Volume" (1S64) is of historical authority. Sec his " Last Journal," with Introduction by Bishop A. Lee. RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE UPFOLD, D.D., LL.D. GcoxQC IHpfolb. The original appointment ot the apostolic Kemper as missiimar)- bishop was to Missouri and Indiana. In the development of his work the surrender of Missouri to Hawks as the first diocesan of the Church in that State was shortly afterward followed by the separa- tion of Indiana from Kemper's charge and the election for this new diocese of a bish'jp of its own. Upfold was born at Shemly Green, near Guilford, Surrey, Eng- land, May 7, 1796. At the age of eight years his father brought him to this country, and the family settled in Albany. X. Y. Up- fold was graduated at Union College, 18 14, and received his degree in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, 18 16. The following year he abandoned the practice of medi- cine and began the study of theology under the direction of Bishop Hobart. This prelate admitted him to deacon's orders in Trinity Church, New York, Oct. 21, 18 18, and advanced him to the priest- hood in Trinity Church, Lansingburg, Jul\- i ^, 1S20. He remained in Lansingburg for nearly two years, when he was called to New York, where he was successively rector of St. Luke's and St. Thomas's. In 183 i he became rector of Trinity Cluirch, Pittsburg, in which charge he continued until his election to the episcopal office. He received the doctorate in divinity from Columbia College, 1831, and was made a doctor of laws b_\- the Western University of Penn- sylvania, 1856. Upfold was consecrated, Dec. 16, 1S49, b\- Bishops Bosworth Smith, Mclh'aine, Kemper, and Hawks. He died in Indianapolis, Aug. 26, 1872. Works. — i. "The I,ast Hundred Years" (1845); 2. "Manual of Devotions for Domestic and Private Use " ( 1863) ; 3. Episcopal addresses, occasional sermons, pasto- rals, and charges. RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM .WERCER GREEN, D.D. Photo by \V. C. Babcock, from panning by Miss Helen Frances Colburn. Milliatn fll>crccv (3rccn. The first bishop of the American Church in Mississijjpi was born in Wilmington, N. C, Ma}- 2, 1798. He was graduated at the Univcrsit)- of North Carohna, Cha])el Hill, 1 818. He received deacon's orders from Bishop Channing Moore in Christ Clnux-h, Raleigh, April 29, I 82 I, and was advanced to the priesthood by the same prelate in St. James's Church, Wil- mington, April 20, 1823. l-'or four j'ears Green was rector of St. John's Church, Williamsboro'. Removing to Hillsboro', he became rector of St. Matthew's Church, in which charge he remained until 1837, when his alma mater called him to the chair of belles-lettres and rhetoric, in which position he continued imtil his election to the episcopal office. In 1845 Green recei\-ed the doctorate in di\inity from he Universit\- of Pennsylvania. He was consecrated to the episcopate o{ Mississi[)pi, in St. Andrew's Church, Jackson, Miss., Feb. 24, 1830. by liishops Otey, Polk-, Cobbs, and Freeman. After a long anil honored episcopate he " fell asleep," beloved and rexered by all men, at his summer home at Sewanee, Tenn., Feb. 13, 1887. ¥c\v more sainth- men ha\e adorned the annals of the episcopate than Bisliop Green. His life was a benediction and his memory lives in the hearts of his people. WdKKS. — I. "A Memoir of Bishop Ravenscroft " ; 2. Occasional sermons, diarges, addresses, pasturals. RIGHT REVEREND JOHN PAYNE, D.D. iobn pa^nc. The first missionary bishop of the American Churcli sent to Africa was a native of Virginia, where he was born, in Westmoreland County, Jan. 9, I Si 5. He was graduated at the College of William and Mary, Williams- burg, Va., 1833, and in 1836 completed his theological course at the Theological Seminary of Virginia, near Alexandria. fTa\ing con- secrated his life to the foreign missionary work, he was ailniitted to deacon's orders in Christ Church, Alexandria, July 17, 183^, b_\- Bishop Channing Moore. He sailed directl)- for his chosen field, and prosecuted his missionary work for nearly five years ere returning to this country for ordination to the priesthood, and also for the restoration of his health, which had been undermined b}- the African climate. The bishop of Virginia, who had made him a deacon, con- ferred priest's orders upon him in St. George's Church, Fredericks- burg, July 18, 1 84 1. He returned at once to his mission field, where he remained until recalled by the Church for consecration to the mis- sionary episcopate of Cape Palmas and parts adjacent. In 1S5 i his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of doctor of di\ inity. Payne was consecrated in Christ Church, Alexandria, \'a., July II, 185 I, by Bishops Meade, Eastburn, Lee, and Johns. Returning to Cape Palmas, he prosecuted his work with increased \igor unti 1 87 I, when, in failing health, he returned to the United States and resigned his missionary charge; which resignation was accepted with every recognition of the long and \'alued ser\ices rendered to the Church and in behalf of the race to whose service he had con- secrated his life. Payne tiled at his Virginia home in Westmoreland County (to which he had gi\-en the name of an African mission station \'ery dear to his heart — Caxalla), after an honored and useful life, Oct. 23, 1874. Works. — Missionary reports published fr<»m lime t>> tinn.- in the "Spirit of Mis- sions," and richly deserving of being collected and published in more permanent form. RIGHT REVEREND FRANCIS HUGER RUTLEDGE, D.D. J^rancis 1F3iu3cr 1Rutlc^t3c. The first bishop of the American Chinch in ]-'lorida was a nati\'e of Charleston, S. C, antl was born April i i, 1799. He was graduateci at Yale, 1820, and completed his course of study for orders at the General Theological Seminar}-, New \'ork. He was admitted to the diaconate in the parish church of Prince George, Winyaw, S. C, May 4, 1823, by Bishop Bovven, and received priest's orders from the hands of the same prelate in St. Paul's, Rad- cliffe, Nov. 20, NS25. The early years of his ministry were spent in Christ Church parish, in South Carolina. In 1827 he became in- cumbent of Grace Church, Sullivan's Island, ha\ing charge besides of St. Thomas's and St. Denis's. He remained in this arduous field of labor until 1S39, when he remo\'ed to Florida to take charge of Trinity Church, St. Augustine. After si.x years' service in this cure, Rutledge, who had recei\-ed his doctorate in divinit}' fiom Iiobart College, 1844, removed to Tallahas.see, where he became rector of St. John's Church. In this cure he continued until his election to the episcopate. Rutledge was consecrated in St. Paul's, Augusta, Ga., C'ct. 15, 1 85 I, b}- Bishops Gadsden, Elliott, and Cobbs. After a Iabi>rious and self-denying episc<->i)ate he entered upon rest. Now 6, 1866, and was buried in the churchyard of Claremont parish, Stateburg, S. C. WiiRKS. — C)ccasional sermons and episcopal addresses. The pastorals issued liy Bishop Rutledge durins^ the Civil War. and the prayers he set forth lor use in his see, were so free from bitterness and so charitable in spirit a.s to be models of composition, most cred- itable to their author. RIGHT REVEREND JOHN WILLIAMS, D.D., LL.D. John Williams. Descended from a distinguished Puritan ancestry, John WU- Hams was born in Deerfield, Mass., Aug. 30, 181 7. He was educated at Harvard, migrating before graduation to Trinit}', where he tooic his degree, 1835. Of this institution he be- came tutor, professor, trustee, president, and chancellor. He was admitted to deacon's orders in Christ Church, j\Iiddle- town. Conn., Sept. 2, 1838, by Bishop Brownell, wlio advanced him to the priesthood in the same church, Sept. 26, 1841. His diacon- ate was spent at Christ Church. When priested he became rector of St. George's Church, Schenectady, N. Y. He recei\'ed docto- rates in divinity from Union, 1847, Trinity, ■'^49. Columbia, 1852, and Yale, 1883. Hijbart conferred the doctorate of laws, 1870. His presidency of Trinity continued 1848-53. Williams was consecrated to the coadjutor bishopric of Connecti- cut, Oct. 29, 185 1, in St. John's Church, Hartford, b_\- Bishops Brownell, Hopkins, Eastburn, Henshaw, Carlton Chase, Burgess, and De Lancey. He became bishop of Connecticut on the death of Brownell, and on the death of Alfred Lee became presiding bishop. The administration of Bishop \\'illiams has been marked b\^ an almost unprecedented growth and (.Ie\'elopment. With the purpose of providing a carefully trained and personal!)- guided body of clergy representing the traditions of the see, he founded the Ber- keley Divinity School at Middletown, of which he is still the honored head. He has not confined his labors to his see. By his writings, his scholarship, his culture, his gifts as an orator, his wise judgment and inflexible fairness, he is in ex^ery sense the most prominent jjrel- ate in the American Church. As a theologian he is conservative, and in full sympathy with the teachings of the post-Reformation Anglican doctors so far as they represent Catholic truth. He is a sympathetic counselor, and a judicious and experienced leader. As the successor of Seabury, he visited Flngland, 1884, assi.^ting at the centennial observance of that bishop's consecration, and re- ceiving many distinguished attentions. Works. — He edited, in 1849, " Ilawkstone," a t.ile in fwo volumes, " of and for Eng- land " ; in 1851, with copious notes, lirownc's " Exposition of the Thirty-nine .Articles. '" His own writings are: I. " A Translation of .\ncicnt Hymns"; 2. "Thoughts on the Miracles": 3. "Studies on the Eni^lish Keformation " (the Paddock Lectures for 1881); 4. " The World's Testimony to Jesiis Christ " (the Bedell Lectures for 1S81 ) ; 5. " Studies in the Book of Acts " (1885^ ; 6. " Syllahus for Ecclesiastical History " ( 1S88) ; 7. Mis- cellaneous papers. RIGHT REVEREND HENRY JOHN WHITEHOUSE, D.D., LL.D. 1bcnv\> John Mbitcbousc, The coacljutor to the as^ed Chase, and his successor in tiie see of Ilhnois, was bdiii in New Vori<, Any. 19, 1803. He was L;raf St. Luke's, Roches- ter, X. Y., tor fitteen years. He assumed chari^e of St. Thomas's, New Yc.)rk, 1844. He receixed his D.D. from Geneva, 1834, an>( the Anieiican 1 louse of Hishojjs, the Imnnrary D.C.I., from ().\f..rd, l.Ss2. I, 1S52, in Trinitx I'hurch, Xi.-w N'l^i'k, under the canon enacted foi' this pnipose, Wainw rinht was couse- ci"ated pro\isional bishop ot' iju- diocese. The consecralois were 15ishops ISrowiuU, l)oanr, Kcmpci-, 1 )c l,aiue\-, \\'hittinL;ham, C. Chase, A. I'otter, Cph'ld, and J, W'illian.s. and iJie Most R<\. Dr. Francis l''nlford, bishop of Montieal and metropolitan. lie died in New \'oik, Sept. 21, 1854. The first provisional bishop of \cw ^'ol•k was a critical scholar, a conservati\'e and liiLdi-minded iler^xrnan, a well-read lheo|o;^iaii and canonist, and a polisheil L;enllrman. I lis life was dcxotcd to his calling;', and his sympathetic aid w as e\ ei' extended to Church and indix'idnal needs. Wouics.— I. " Four Scniions on RL-ligioiis ICiliicalion ami Filial Duty '" ( iSjy) ; 2. " Lessons on the CImrch " ; ,^. " Ordur of l'"aniily I'rayer " (1845 ; reprinted froiiuenlly and still in use) ; 4. " Short Family IVayers " (1S50) ; 5. " The Tathways and Abiding- places of our I-ord " (410, 1S51); 6. "The Land of I'.ondagc : lis .\ncii-nl iMonunienls and Present Condition " (410, 1S52). Wainvvriglit edited an illustrated ,'Jilion ./,• liiw of the Hook of Common I'rayer, used in the preparation of the critical " Standard " of 1S44. lie edited " A Hook of Chants, Adapted to the Morning and Evening Service of the Church " (iSiq), and a volume en- titled " The Music of the Church" (1S28). In connection with Muhlenberg he edited " The Choir and Family I'salter " (1851). He was the editor of Hishop Ravenscroft's " Memoir and Sermons," and of an American reprint of the " Fife of Hisho]) ilebcr." .■\fter his decease a memorial volume of sermons, thirty-four in number, was published by his wi the diaconate in St. James's Church, of the city of his birth, No\'. 27, I 83 I, by Bisliop I\es, and was priested by the same bishop in St. l^artholomew's Church, I'ittsboro', Chat- ham County, Dec. 16, 1832. His diaconate was spent at Pittsboro' and Wadesboro'. lie was subseejuently rector of St. James's, Wilmington, ami of St. Luke's, Salisbury. In Noxcmbei', I 846, he became rector of (iiaee Church, Camden, S. C. tJn his election to the episco]3ate (if South Car(.)]ina he received his doctorate in divinity from Colunibia College, Xcw York, anil from the Uni\'ersity of North Carolina. His consecration took place in St. John's Cha])el. New \'ork Oct. 17, 1853, by l-Si^hops lirow ne'U, llo])kins, Rosworth Smith Mcllvaine, and'Doane, together with the lii^hop of Jamaica, W. I. Dr. Aubrey George Spencer, and the bishop of I>"redericton, N. IV Dr. John Medlej-. Bishop Davis, after a faithful and laboriou> episcopate, died at Camden, S. C, Dec. 2, 1871. WiiKKs. — .\cIdressL-s, uccasional sernmns, an.l ].:istiirals. "^^1:. ^*^^ RIGHT REVEREND THOMAS ATKINSON, D.D., I.I..D. XTbomas Htkinson, BoKN in Dinwiddie Cnunty, \'a., Aul;". 6, 1807, and educated in part at Vak-, but L;raduatinL; at Hampden Sidney Collei^e, I'rince Edward Ciuint_\', \'a., Atkinson, on leax'iny college, first studied law. /\fter nine years' jjractice in his profession he benan a course of preparation tor the ministry, and was admitted io the diaconate by Bishop JVIeade in Christ Church, Norfolk, \'a., Nov, 1 8, 1 836. He was advanced to the priesthood in St. Paul's, Norfolk, May 7, 1837, by l^ishop Channiny Moore. His ministerial service beyan at Norfolk, where he served for a short time as an assistant minister, h'or two years he was rector of St. Paul's, Norfolk. He then accepted the rectorship of St. Paul's, Lynchburi;', where he continued in charge for nearly five years. In 1843 he became the rector of St. Peter's, Baltimore; and in 1852 he accepted the charge of Grace Church in the same city, where he remained until his election to the episcopate. In 1846 he recei\-ed the doctorate in divinity from Trinity College, and in 1862 the University of North Carolina conferred upon him the doctorate of laws. He received the same degree from the University of Cambridge, England, on the occasion of his visit to England to attend the Lambeth Conference of 1S67. Dr. Atkinson's consecration to the see of North Carolina took place in St. John's Chapel, New York, ( )ct. 17, 1853. His conse- crators were Bishops Pirownell, Mdlvaine, Uoane, ( )tey, together with the Rt. Rev. Dr. George J. Trevor Spencer, some time bishop of Madras, and the bishop of F'redericton, Dr. Medley. Bishop Atkinson died at Wilmington, N. C, Jan. 4, 1881. He had participated in the measures taken during the Civil War for the organization of the Church in the Confederate States; but at the close of the strife he was one of the first to return to the Union, and to find a hearty welcome from his brethren and friends. He was a preacher of unusual eloquence, a devout and holy man, one whose life was consecrated and whose end was peace. WoRK.S. — I. Sermons on special occasions, lectures, charges, etc. ; 2. A charge on " .Sacramental Confession " ; 3. A pamphlet in reply to criticism of tlie Koman Catholic bishop of Richmond, Va. , of the above charge. RKiHT REVEREND WILLIAM INGRAHA.W KIP, D.D., LL.D. Copyright, 1SS9, by Anderson. MilUain llnorabain 1Iunty, March 12, 1807. He was graduated at Franklin College (subsequent!)- the Uni- versity of Georgia), Athens, 1829. Scott received the diaconate at the age of thirt\--six, in St. Paul's Church, Augusta, March 12, 1.^4^, from Bishop Stephen I'Llliott. The same bishop advanced him to the priesthooil, I"eb. 24, 1844, in Christ Church, Macon. His rectorates were successively St. James's, Marietta, Ga., and Trinity, Columbus. His alma mater Conferred upon him the doctorate in divinity, 1S5 v He was consecrated missionary bishop of the Territories of Ore- gon and Washington in Christ Church, Sax-annah, Jan. 8, 1854, liy Bishops Elliott, Cobbs, and Da\is, After a laborious and exhaust- ing service at the remote frontier, ]-iishop Scott, while on a visit to the Atlantic coast, died in the city of New York, July 14, 1867, and was interred in Trlnit\- cemetery. He was a man of great holiness of life and singular devotion to his work. Works. — Tlie annual reports t" tlu- Hoard of Missions, with a few occasional dis- courses and episcopal addresses, pastorals, etc. '%. -<^ '% RIGHT REVEREND HENRY WASHINGTON LEE, D.D., LI..D. 1l3cnr^ Masbinoton Xce. The diocese of Iowa funned a part of the \-ast jurisdiction of the apostolic Kemper for oiil)- a few years. It had received three visi- tations from him, when its few clergy organized a diocese. Tiie first bishop of Iowa was born in Hamden, Conn., July 29, I 81 5. After completing a course of study at the Episcopal Acad- emy of Connecticut, at Cheshire, Lee removed to Taunton, Mass., where he opened a pri\'ate school, which he kept up until ready for ordination. He was admitted to the iliaconate in Grace Church, New Bedford, Mass., May 27, 1838, b}- CiriswoUl, who advanced him to the priesthood in St. Anne's Church, Lowell, Oct. Q. 1839. He served, during his diaconate, at New Bedford ; then became rector of Christ Church, Springfield, Mass., April 2, 1840. He entered upon the charge of St. Luke's, Rochester, N. Y., 1843. He re- ceived the doctorate in divinity from Hobart, 1850, and from the Uni\-ersity of Rochester, 1852. At the first Lambeth Conference, 1867, Cambridge gave him the LL 1). Lee was raised to the episcopate in St. Luke's, Rochester, Oct. 18, 1854, by Bishops Hopkins, McCoskry, George Burgess, De Lancey, Eastburn, and Whitehouse. After an episcopate of nearly twenty years, he died at Da\-enport, la., Sept. 26, 1874. The first bishop of Iowa laid broad and deep foundations. He founded Griswold College, opened in i83(k secured the Episcopate Fund of upward of fifty thousand dnlhirs ; built the Bishops' House and Cathedral ; obtained endowments for the diocesan college and theological school, and tra\-ersed the \ast extent of a territory larger than all of England, doing the work of an evangelist and of an apostle. He saw the diocese he had found in utter feebleness take its stand among the leading sees of the middle West, and he died in the midst of plans and purposes for its further development. His theological views were " Evangelical," hut he was broad and tolerant. He spared neither himself nor his own for his people's good. Works. — i. Several Sunday-school books, which attained great popularity; 2. " Family Prayers " (frequently reprinted) ; 3. "Convention Addresses," detailing the pro- gress of the Church in Iowa and Kansas, of which latter he held for a time the provisional oversight. His charges were thoughtful contributions to the theological literature of the day. An ardent " patriot" during the Civil War, his pastorals breathe a spirit of devo- tion to his country. *%. §!r ^^-„ J I RIGHT REVEREND HORATIO POTTER, D.D., LL.D., D.C.L. 1f:)ovatio potter. A YOUN'GER brother of the distinguished bishop of Pennsylvania, Horatio Potter was born in Bcekman, Dutchess County, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1802. He was graduated at Union College, 1826. He was ordered deacon by Bishop Hobart, July 15, 1827, in Christ Church, Pough- keepsie, N. Y., and was priested by Bishop Brownell in Christ Church, Hartforti, Conn., Dec. 14, 1S2S. His diaconate was spent at Trinity Church, Saco, Me. The tollovving j-ear he was appointed to the chair of mathematics and natural philosophy in Washington College (now Trinity). In 1833 he became rector of St. Peter's, Albany, N. Y., where he remained until chosen to the provisional episcopate of his native State. He received the doctorate in divinity from Trinity, 1838; the doctorate of laws from Hobart, 1S36; and the D.C.L. from the University of Oxford, i860. Acting under the permissive legislation of the Church assembled in General Convention, and in succession to the lamented Wain- wright, whose administration had been terminated all too soon, Putter was cnnsccrateil provisional bishop of New York in Trinity Church, No\-. 22, 1854. His consecrators were Bishops Brownell, Hopkins, Doane, McCoskry, Whittingham, Eastburn, Alonzo Potter, Williams, Whitehouse, H. W^. Lee, and the bishop of Montreal, Dr. Fulford. On the decease of Onderdonk, in 1861, Potter be- came the diocesan bishop of New York. He died Jan. 2, 1887, his nephew. Dr. Henry Codman Potter, ha\'ing been for some years his coadjutor in the episcopal ofifice. His administration had been impartial, vigorous, and successful. In the midst of controversy, and with the environment of much of partizan feeling and strife, the Church grew and converts were multiplied. Works. — i. " Introductory Sermon at St. Peter's, ,\lliany" {iS.^,1); 2. " Intellectual Liberty: A Discourse" (1S37); 3. "Lecture before the Young Men's Association of Troy" (1837); 4. " .Sermon on the Death of President \V. II. Harrison" (1841"); 5. " Religious Tendencies of the Age" (1844); 6. " Rules for Fasting" (1846); 7. " .Sub- mission to Government the Christian's ])uty" (1848); 8. " Staliility of the Church as Seen in her Historyand Principles " (1S48) ; 9. " Sermon on the Death of Hon. Jesse A. Spencer " (1S49) ; lo. " Sermon on the Death of President Taylor " (1850) ; II. " Duties of Justice " (1852) ; 12. Charges, addresses, pastorals, and pamphlets of various kinds. RIGHT REVEREND THOMAS MARCH CLARK, D.D., LL.D. XTbomas nibavcb Clavk. The successor of the amiable anil devoted Henshaw in the see of Rhode Island was born in Newburyport, Mass., July 4, 1812. He was graduated at Yale, 183 i. He studied theology at Prince- ton, 1833—35, 'i''"^ o" the completion of his course was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of his native place. Turning his atten- tion to the Church, he applied to the apostolic Griswold for orders, and was made a deacon in Grace Church, Boston, Feb. 3, 1836, antl was acK'anced to the priesthood in the same church and bv the same bishop, Nov. 6, 1836. The first years of his ministry (1S36-43) were spent at Grace Church, Boston, where he remained until his re- mo\al to Pliilailelphia to become the rector of St. Andrew's Chuich in that cit}-. After a few years' service in that important charge (1843—47) I16 returned to Boston, and was for a time (1S47-30) assistant minister of Trinity Church. Remoxing to Hartford, Conn., to take the rectorate of Christ Church, Clark remained in this cure (1850—54) until his election to the episcopal office. He received the doctorate in di\inity from Union, 185 1, and from Brnwn, 1S60. At the Lambeth Conference of 1867 the Uni\ersity of Cambi'idge conferred up^n him the tloctorate of laws. Clark was consecrated in Grace Church, Providence, Dec. 6, 1854, by Bishops Brownell, Hopkins, Doane, P^astburn, Southgate, Burgess, Williams, H. \V. Lee, and H. Potter. On entering upon his see lie became rector of Grace Church, Proxidence (1854-66), holding that cure for twehe _\-ears. The fortieth anniversary of his consecration was celebrated b\' the clergy and lait_\' of the diocese and by the community at large, 1894. It attested the grateful sense of an attached people of the privileges and blessings of a successful episcopate. Bishop Clark's administration has been a period of growth and development. Tolerant, faithful, earnest, eloquent, a charming writer, a well-read scholar, an able adminis- trator of affairs, his episcopate will e\"er be a memorable one in the annals of the Rhode Island Church. Works. — i. " Lectures to Young Men on the Formation of Character" (1852) ; 2. "The Efficient Sunday-scliool Teacher" (1869); 3. "Primary Truths of Religion" (1869); 4. "Readings and Prayers for Aid in Private Devotion" (18S8); 5. " Rem- iniscences" (1S95); 6. Four episcopal charges, occasional sermons, addresses, pastoral letters, etc. 135 RIGHT REVEREND SAMUEL BOWMAN, D.D. Samuel Bowman. Samuel Bowman was born at Wilkesbarre, Pa., May 21, 1800. His early education was carried on under private instructors, wliile his theological studies were pursued under the direction of the venerable Bishop White. He received the diaconate and priesthood at the hands of this prelate, the first in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Aug. 14, 1S23, and the latter in St. James's Church, in the same city, Dec. 19, 1824. His first ministrations were in Lancaster Count}', where he had charge of two congregations. In i 82 5 he be- came rector of Trinity Church, Easton, Pa. Returning to his former field of labor in 1827, he became the assistant to the venerable Rev. Joseph Clarkson, the first on whom Bishop White laid hands in ordination; and on the death of this excellent man, in 1830, he became rector of St. James's parish, Lancaster, continuing in this charge till his death. He received the doctorate in di\'init\' fmm Geneva College in 1843. In 1847 he was elected bishop of Indiana, but declined the appointment. Bowman received consecration as coadjutor bishop of Pennsyh'ania in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Aug. 25. 1.S5S. His consecrators were Bishops Kemper, De Lancey, Alfred Lee, John Williams, anol Horatio Potter. The new coadjutor threw himself heartily and with all his physical strength into the work of the see. His episcopate was brief, but fruitful in ever)- good woik. Wliile on a series of visitations in the western portion of the State the destruction of a railroad-bridge by a land-slide (Aug. 3, 1861) compelled the bishop and other travelers by the train to take a wallc of several miles. Lingering behind the rest of the passengers, he " fell asleep " by the way, " wearied with the march of life." P'ound lying on his face by the roadside, his body was tenderly cared for by kind hands, and was laid to rest in the churchyard at Lancaster, among the graves of his parishioners and friends. WiiRKS. — A single occasiimal scrmnn. w itli the annual aiUlresses to the Convention, are all of the literarv remains of ilisliop IJnwnian \\hich ha^■e come to onr knowledge. RIGHT REVEREND ALEXANDER GREGG, D.D. Hlcyanbcr (5rcoo. Born at Society Hill, Darlington District, S. C, Oct. 8, i8ig, Gregg was graduated at South Carolina College, i8;38, and studied law, securing a wide practice in the northeastern circuit of the State. He was baptized and confirmed in St. David's Church, Cheraw, S. C, 1S43, and entered upon a course of study for hoi}- orders. He was admitted to the diaconate in the church of his bai^tism, June 10, 1846, by Bishop Gadsden, who advanced him to the priesthood in St. Philip's Church, Charleston, Dec. 19, 1847. J^is sole ministerial charge was that of St. David's, Cheraw. His alma mater conferred upon him the doctorate in divinity, 1839. Gregg was consecrated first bishop of Texas in the Monumental Church, Richmond, Va., Oct. 13, 1859, during the session ®bcnbciinci\ The third bishop of the Church in New Jersey was a native of Philadelphia, and was born Auy. i i, 1817. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 1835. He was admitted to the diaconate by Bishop H. U. Onderdonk, Sept. 2, 1838, in St. Paul's Church, Philadelphia, and was ordained to the priesthood by the same bishop in St. Peter's Church, Oct. 3, 1841. His sole ministerial charge was St. Peter's Church. The University of Pennsylvania conferred upon him the doctorate in divinit}", 1856. Odenheimer was consecrated bishop of New Jersey in St. Paul's Church, Richmond, Va., C)ct. 13, 1859, by Bishops Meade, Mc- Cuskr)-, W'hittingham, Alfretl Lee, Carlton Chase, Hawks, Akmzo Potter, and Jnhn Williams. His episcopate was eminently success- ful. He carried on with great vigor the many Church activities set in motion by his great predecessor, and had the satisfaction of see- ing the see of New Jersey di\-ided into two dioceses, of which he chose that of Northern New Jersey. He was an e.Kcellent scholar, energetic, acti\'e, anf the (len- eral Theological Seminary, was the first contribution to this important suliject pulilishet.l in the American Church. He also edited, with prefatory matter, Ringelbergius on " Study," and prepared, with F. M. Bird, " Songs of the Spirit" (1871). RIGHT REVEREND GREGORY THURSTON BEDELL, D.D. (3rcoor\> XTburston Bcbcll. Bedell was born in Hudson, N. Y., Aug. 27, 181 7. He was graduated at Bristol College, Pennsylvania, 1836, and, after a )'ear spent in teaching, entered the Theological Seminar\' of \'ir- ginia, where he completed his course, 1840. He was admitted ti.i the diaconate by his great-uncle, Bishop Channing Moore, in his father's church, St. Amlrew's, Philadelphia, July 19, 1840. The same bishnp ad\anced him to the priesthood in Holx* Trinity Church, West Chester, Pa., Aug. 29, 1841. His first charge was that of the latter church, from which, 1843, he remo\-ed to the Church of the Ascension, New York. He received the doctorate in di\ inity from Norwicli L'nixersity, Wrmont, 1856. His consecration as coadjutor bishop of C)hio took place in St. Paul's Church, Richmond, Va., Oct. 13, 1859. The consecrators were Bish(->ps Meade, Mclhaine, Johns, Mastburn, Upfold, Rut- ledge, Horatio Potter, and Payne. Upon the death of Mclhaine his coadjutor became the diocesan of Ohio. The see was di\ided, 1875, and the diocese of Southern Ohio created. Bedell retaining the northern part. In October, 1889, he resigned his jurisdiction, in consequence of physical infirmities. This resignation was accepted with great re- luctance. He ilied in New York, March II, 1892. Bedell was an 'T{\angelical " by inheritance and choice. His father, the celebrated rector of St. Andrew's, Philadelphia, was a ilis- tinguished representati\'e of that party, and throughout his life the bishop was a consistent exponent of the princip)les he had adopted. His episcopate was abundant in labors and successful in results. Works. — I. "The Divinity of Christ" (1848); 2. "Individual Re.-.ponsiliility for Missions to the Heathen" (1848); 3. "The Baptismal Renunciation " (1848); 4 " The Present Profit of Godliness " (1852); 5. " The Sacredness of the Grave" (1854) ; 6. " The Adaptation of Christianity to Man" {'1854); 7. " Funeral Sermon on the Death of the Rev. David Moore, D.D." (1856); 8. "Fellow-workers" (185S); q. Two sermons: " The Elements " and " The Basis of Parochial Strength " (1859) ; 10. " The Trusteeship of the Gospel " (1864) ; 11. " The Victories of the Reformation," etc. (1869) ; 12. " The Age of Indifference " (1871) I 13." Episcopacy, a Fact and a Law" (1872); 14. "Me- morial Sermon on Bishop .\uer "(1874) ; it;. " Woman's Work anil Foreign Missions" (1877); 16. "The Church a Teacher" (l8''77); 17. "Canterbury Pilgrimage" (1878); 18. "The Pastor" (1878). Besides these sermons he edited several tracts written liy his father, and issued numerous parochial tractates. His pastoral on " Ritual Uniformity" (1874), his pri- mary charge on " The Personal Presence of the Holy Spirit " ( 1874), .and his " Note;, on the Oriental Churches " (1875), were among his later contributions to Church literature. This list is not exhaustive. (See " Memoirs.") RIGHT REVEREND HENRY BENJAMIN WHIPPLE, D.D. 1F3enr^ Benjamin Mbipplc. BoRX at Adams, Jefferson County, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1822, and in early life engaged in business and politics, Henry Benjamin Whipple, on turning his attention to consider the claims of personal religion, " forsook all, and followed Christ." Acting in accordance with the advice of Bishop De Lancey, he became a candidate for holy orders, and was ordered deacon in Trinity Church, Geneva, N. Y., Aug. 17, 1849. The same bishop advanced him to the priesthood in Christ Church, Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., Jul}- 16, 1850. After a rcctorate of se\-en _\-ears at Zion Church, Rome, X. Y., in the spring of 1S57 he became rector of the Church of the Holy Communion, Chicago, where he remainetl until elected to the episcopate. He was consecrated first bishop of Minnesota in St. James's Church, Richmond, Va., Oct. 13, 1859, by Bishops Kemper, De Lancey, Cobbs, George Burgess, W'hitehouse, Scott, H. W. Lee, Clark, and Bowman. At the third Lambeth Conference, in 1888, he received from the Universit}" of Cambridge the degree of LL.D. At this gathering of the bishops he preached the opening sermon in Lambeth Chapel, and as the senior American bishoj) in attendance, and in \iew of his distinguished reputation, was the recipient of every attention. Bishop Whipple's administration has been marked by the success- ful work he has undertaken among the Indians, which has won for him the title of the " Apostle to the Red Men." He has made Fari- bault, the seat of the diocesan institutions, a center of culture and Churchly training renowned throughout the Church. St. Mary's Hall for girls, Shattuck Hall for boys, Seabury Hall, the theological school for the trans-Mississippi bishops and sees, have been founded by this great-hearted bishop, and owe much of their extraordinary success to his fostering care. The diocese has grown and prospered under his administration, and his episcopate will ever be regarded as the golden age of the Minnesota Church. \ViiRK.S. — I. Cnnvention sermon (Illinoi-,); 2. Episcopal addresses; 3. "Indian Papers and Reports"; 4. Consecration sermons (first bishop of Nebraska and tlnril bisliop of Wisconsin) ; 5. Sermon in I.ambetli Cliapel. .\ volume of his sermons lias been j^ulihshed, comprising some of the above. 145 RIGHT REVEREND HENRY CHAA\FLIN LAV, D.D., LL.D. IF^enr^ Cbainplin !!La\>. Born in Richmond, Va.. Dec. 6, 1S23, Henry Chaniplin Lay was graduated at the University of VirL;inia, 1842, and completed his preparatory course for h(.)l\- orders at the Theological Seminary of Virginia, 1846. He was admitted to deacon's orders in Christ Church, Alexandria, July 10, 1846, by Bishop Meade. After ser\ing as deac(.in for half a year at Lynnhaven parish, he removed to Alabama ar.d enteied upon the charge of the Church of the Nativity, Huntsville. In this church Bishop Cobbs advanced him to priest's orders, July 12, i^^: RIGHT RtVEREND THOMAS HUBBARD VAIL, D.D., LI,.D. XTbomas IT^ubbavb IDail BoKN in Richmond, Va., but of New England parentage, Oct. 21, 1S12, the first bishop of Kansas was baptized by the Re\-. Dr. Buchanan at tlie Monumental Church of his native city. On the death of his father the family returned to the North. Vail was graduated at Washington (now Trinity) College, 1831, and completed his studies for orders at the General Theological Semi- nary, 1835. He was made a deacon by Bishop Brownell, June 2q, 1835, and was priested by Bishop Griswold, Jan. 6, 1837. During his diaconate Vail officiated for a time as assistant to Dr. Wainwright, rector of St. Paul's, ]ioston, and while ser\iiig in this capacity organized All Saints' Church, Worcester, Mass. In 1837 lis became rector of Christ Church, Cambridge, where he re- mained till his remii\-al to Connecticut in 1839, to take charge of St. John's Church, Essex. In 1844 he became rector of Christ Church, Westerly, R. I., where he remained for fourteen }-ears. In 1857 he became rector of St. Thomas's Church, Taunton, Mass., and in November, 1863, entered upon the rectorship of Trinity Church, Muscatine, la. He was a deputy from Rhode Island to the General Convention while at Westerh'. He recei\'ed the doc torate in divinity from Brown Uni\'ersit\-, 1858. In 1875 the University of Kansas gave him the doctorate of laws. He was consecrated bishop of Kansas in Trinity Church, Mus- catine, la., Dec. 15, 1864, b_\- Bishops Kemper, Whitehouse, H. W. Eee, and Bedell. He died at Bryn Mawr, Pa., Oct. 6, 1889, and was buried at Topeka, Kan. His administration was earnest and effecti\e. He was a man of courth' manners, agreeable in his bearing, gracious to all men. He founded Bethany College, a school of the higher culture for girls, at Topeka, Kan., and by his devoted labors and earnestness in the pursuit of his high calling entleared himself to all hearts and secured universal respect. \\'*>RKs. — I. "Plan and Outline, with Selection nf IJooks, of a Public Library in Rhode Island" (1838); 2. "Hannah" (1839); 3. "The Comprehensive Church" (1841); 4. "Sermon at the Consecr.ition of the Chapel of Griswold College" (1S63); 5. Addresses, pastorals, reports, and occasional discourses. A volume of charges h.as been published since his death. He edited Rev. H. F. Lyte's "Buds of Spring," with preface and memoir (1838J. XO; RIGHT REVERUND ARTHUR CLEVELAND COXE, D.D., LL.D. Hrtbur Clcvclanb (Tore, The coadjutor to the noble De Lancey, and his successor after a few months of assistantship, Arthur Cleveland Coxe, poet, preacher, author, prelate, was born at Mendham, N. J., May lo, 1818. The son of a distinguished Presbyterian divine, and a descendant of a missionary in colonial days of the Society for the Propaga- tion of the Gospel, Coxe, ha\ing become an earnest Churchman, passed, directly on graduating at the University of New York, in the class of 1838, to the General Theological Seminary, where he completed his studies for holy orders in 1 84 1. He was made a deacon by Bishop 15. T. Onclerdonk in St. Paul's Cha]jL-l, Nfw\'iirk, June -?7, icS4i, and was pricsted in St. John's, Ilartfnrd, Conn., Sept. 25, 1842, by l^ishop ]5rownell. His tliaconate was mostl)' spent at St. Ann's, Morrisania, New York. Removing to Hartford, Conn., he became rector of St. John's Church, where he continued until 1854, when he entered upon the charge of Grace Church, Baltimore. In 1863 he removed to New York, and was rector of Calvary Church until his consecra- tion. While in Baltimore he was elected bishop of Texas, which office he declined. He received the doctorate in tli\init\' from St. James's College, Hagerstown, Rid., in i85(), and from Trinity, Hartford, Conn., in 1868, and again from the Uni\-ersit\- of Durham, Erigland, in 1888. He recei\-ed the doctorate C)f laws from Kenyon College, Gambler, O., in 1S68. Dr. Coxe was consecrated bishop coadjutor t<> the first bisliop of Western New York in Trinit_\- Church, Geneva, N. Y., Jan. 4, 1865, by Bishops De Lancey, Hopkins, McCoskry, H. Potter, Odenheimer, and J. C. Talbot. On April 5th of the same i,"ear Bishop De Lancey dieil, and Bishop Co.xe became the diocesan of the see. In 1872 the missions of the Church in Hayti were placed under the episcopal care of the bishop of Western New York. Late in the year, at no little personal sacrifice, lie made a visitation of the island, consecrating the Church of the Hol\- Trinit_\% a memorial of Bishop George Burgess, ordaining six priests and five deacons, meeting the clergy of the mission in convocation, and administering confirmation to large numbers of candidates. Bishop Coxe retained the charge ()f the Havtian Church until tlie consecration of its own bishop, Dr. J. T. Holly, in 1S74. 159 100 THE EI'ISCOrAIF l.\ AMERICA. ]5ish(ip Coxc slamls ])i"CL-niiiient aiiKMiL; tht- American bishojjs. In college and seminary cla\s he produced many of his " Cliristian J^allads," which have won for him the hearts of Churchfolk all over the world. Mis first \-isit to England and the continent of Europe awoke the sympath}- of ICnglish and American Churchmen in the efforts for reform in tlie Roman communion ; while his " Impres- sions of England " is a loving tribute to the charms of the " old home " as recognized by all Americans with Churchly tastes. Tlie Anglo-Continental Society, which has done so much to disseminate on the Continent a knowledge of Anglican catholicity, is largely an outgrowth of the publication in Oxford of his " Sympathies of the Continent." E\er prominent in his advocacy of the Church's home and foreign mission work, a determined opponent of all changes in the text of our English Bible, a fearless advocate of social reform and Christian purity, a liturgiologist, a critical patristic scholar, a polished writer, an eloquent j)reacher, with most winning manners and most agreeable in society, Coxe's quarter-century and more of the episco- pate lias been an epoch in the annals of his diocese. He is to-day a leader of religious thought, a molder of men, a lover and bishop of souls. Works. — i. "Advent : A Mystery " (1837) ; 2. "Athwold " (three cantos, 1838) ; 3. "Christian liallads" (1840; republished in England 1849, and again and again at home and abroad) ; 4. "Athanasion " (1840) ; 5. "Athanasion, and Other Poems " (1842) ; 6. "Hallowe'en" (privately printed 1842; published 1844); 7. "Saul: A Mystery " (1845) ; 8. " The Bible Rhyme" (1873) ; 9. " The l.adye Chace " (1877, improved and enlarged edition of "Athwold") ; 10. " The Paschal " (1889 ; new edition 1893). The above are j)ocms. II. " .■\b>nlution and Confession" (1850); 12. "Sermons on Doctrine and Duty" (i<**55)! I.5- " Thoughts on the Services" (1859; enlarged edition i860; republished in England; sixteen American editions); 14. "The Criterion" (1866; republished in Eng- land); 15. "Moral Reforms" (1869); 16. " Apollos ; or, The Way of God"(i87i; English edition 1874); 17. " L'fipiscopat de I'Occident " (Paris, 1874); 18. " Elements of Ecclesiology " (1874) ; 19. " Covenant Prayers " (1875) ; 20. " Institutes of Christian History" (Baldwin Lectures for 1886). Of sermons the bishop has printed the following: i. "The Household of Faith" (1846) ; 2. " Seventy Years Since" (1848) ; 3. "A Citvnot Forsaken " (1849); 4. " The Priesthood and the People" (Oxford, 1851); 5. "'The Faithful Witness" (1S52); 6. "The New Dogma" (1855); 7. " Counsels of Unity " (1S56) ; 8. " Truth and the Times " (186-;) ; 9. " The Mocking of Ishmael " (1863) ;' 10. " The Liturgy of Heaven " fi864); II. "The Ministry " (1864) ; 12. "Restoration of Unity " (1865) ; 13. "A Father in Christ" (1865); 14. "Scriptural Bishoprics " (1866) ; 15. " Choice of a Bishop" (18681 ; 16. " Practical Wisdom "( 1868) ; 17. "Death of Bishop Burgess" (1869); 18. "The Corporate Witness " (1874); 19. "The Anglican Cathedral" (Can- ada, 1875); 20. " The Russian War" (1877). Translations and edited works: i. Wilberfnrce's " Eucharistica" (1842); 2. '' Sym- pathies of the Continent; or. Proposals for a New Reformation," by John Baptist von Hirscher, D.D. (Oxford, 1852) ; 3. I.aborde on "The Immaculate Conception " (1855); 4. "Morals of Liguori " (1856); 5. Croswell's " Poems, with Biography " (i860) ; 6. Mrs. Sherwood's "Stories," with emendations (i860) ; 7. " The Churchman's Calendar " (annually, 1861-66) ; 8. Guettee's " Pap.acy" (1866) ; 9. Archbishop Leighton's " Mod- erate Episcopacv " (1868) ; 10. Bishop Burgess's " Poems, with Critical Review " (1869) ; II." The Ante'-Nicene Fathers " (8 voN., 1S84-87). Pamphlets, lectures, etc. : I. " Revivalism in the Church " (1843); 2. Tracts xiv., xv., ARTIILK CLK\-EI.A.\D CUXE. 161 xvi., of Parker's series ((Oxford, 1S50) ; 3. " Letter to the Bishop of Arr.is " (Oxford, 1856); 4. " Letter on Dr. Muhlenberg's Memorial" (iSjb); 5. " Apology for the Eng lish ISible" (1857); 6. " Mixed Societies" (1857); 7. " Memorial of Carey and Patter- son" (1858); 8. " Fixed Principles" (1859); 9. Three tracts (1859); 10. "Address of Christian Unity Society" (1864); II. "Letter to Father Nestor " (1865) ; 12. "Ex- position of the General Convention of 1865 " (1865) ; 13. " The Moravian Episcopate " ; 14. " Signs of the Times " (1S69) ; 15. " Letter to Pius I.\." (1S69) ; 16. " Lectures on Prophecy" (1871); 17. "Catholics and Roman Catholics" {1874); 18. Addresses, charges, etc. "Vjte-;s ^P^ RIGHT REVEREND CHARLES TODD QUINTARD, D.D.. LL.D. Cbavlcs Zobb (auintavb. The successor of tlie apostolic Ote_\' in the episcopate of Ten- nessee was born at Stamford, Conn., Dec. 22, 1824. He was graduated in medicine at the University of New Ycirk. receiving his M.D., 1846. In 185 i he was appointed profes.sor of physiology and anatomy in the Medical College at Memphis, Tenn. Relinquishing his practice, he comjjleted a course of studv for orders, and was admitted to the diaconate in Calvary Ciuirch, Memphis, Jan. i, 1855, b_\- l^ishop Ute}-, who priested him in the -same church, Jan. 6, 1856. His first and or;l}- j)arish was the Church of the Athent, Nashville. During the Ci\il War he was a chaplain in the Confederate armw and b\' his dt-xnted labors w cm the respect and regard of officers and men. At the close of the war he was chosen to the ^•acant episcopate -f Tennessee. His consecration took place in St. Luke's Clnirch, Philadelphia, Oct. I l, 1865, during the session of the General Con- v'ention. His consecrators were Bishops Hopkins, Burgess, Atkin- son, Bedell, Odenheimer, Ste\ens, and Coxe, together with the Most Re\'. Francis Fulford, bishop of Montreal and metropolitan. Columbia conferred upon him the doctorate in divinity, 1866, and the following year he received, at the time of the Lambeth Confer- ence, the degree of doctor of laws from Cambridge. Ouintard's administration has been marked by the revival and de\elopment of the Church in Tennessee. He will be held in ever- lasting memory as the second founder and father of the University of the South. The measures undertaken by him for the university began on the very day of his consecration. Not a \estige of build- ings had escaped the desolations of war. \\'ea\-ing together a rude, rustic cross, the bishop planted the symbol of our redemption where a noble theological hall now stands, and thereupon set about the plans he had adopted, which, after a little more than a quarter- century, attest the foresight, the judgment, the dexotion of Sewanee's , crQ<^ great-hearted founder and Wx^riA. Kt. eiiuJ- U^ M*^djx^ ^a. iS ViUr /^(T. W'liRKS. — Prior to liis ordination Quintard was a frequent contributor to the medical journals. In liis active career as a bi.shop and a builder of cliurches and college halls he has published little, thouy;h at present engaged on an historical work. "A Plain Tract on Confirmation " and " Preparation for Confirmation," reprinted again and again, with addresses, etc., comprise the list of his printed works. 163 RIGHT REVEREND ROBERT HARPER CLARKSON, D.D., LL.D. IRobcvt 1[3avpcv Clarhson. The first bishop of Nebraska was a grandson of the Re\'. Josepli Clarkson, the first deacon upon whom White laid hands in ordina- tion on his return from England as a bishop. He was born in Get- tysburg, Pa., Nov. 19, 1826. Graduating at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, 1844, he pur- sued his studies for orders at St. James's College, Hagerstown, Md., and was ordained to the diaconate in the college chapel, June 18, 1848, by Bishop Whittingham. Called to the charge of St. James's Church, Chicago, 1849, he was, on reaching the canonical age, ad- vanced to the priesthood in the chapel of Jubilee College, by Bishop Philander Chase, Jan. 5, 1851. He remained in charge of St. James's Church for twenty _\'ears. During the most of this time he was a deputy to the General Convention from Illinois, and when electetl to the missionary episcopate of Nebraska and Dakota was an assistant secretary of the House of Deputies. He received the doctorate in divinity from Racine College, 1857, and the doctorate of laws from the University of Nebraska, 1872. His consecration took place in his parish church, No\-. 15, 1865. The consecrators were Bishops Hopkins, Kemper, McC<)skr\-, H. W. Lee, Whipple, and Talbot. In 1868 the Church in Nebraska organized as a diocese and was recei\-ed into union with the General Convention. Clarkson was chosen as the diocesan of the new see. He accepted the election, 1 870, retaining the missionary jurisdiction of Dakota until late in i88v He died March 10, 18S4, and was buried beside the walls of the cathedral in Omaha. Clarkson possessed e\'ery quality neetled for a successful episco- pate. Winning in his address, lovable in character, considerate of all men, conservati\-e in his judgments, impartial, devoted to his duty, and not sparing himself, he was preeminently a man of God; and as a faithful priest, or as a bishop whose work was that of a pioneer, he was a builder on foundations he had himself laiil, and was faithful to e\-ery trust, while his reward is above. W.iRKS. — I. " Sliall this House Lie \\'aste ? " (iSjo); 2. " Consider the Years" (1X59); 3. "Wliat am I tliat I Shoul.i Witlistaii.l floif? " (iS65);4. " Slietch of the Life of Bishop White " ( 1876) ; 5. " In >[enioriani, W. B. ( >i;(len," a paper read before the Chicago Historical Society (1S77); 6. Missionary reports, etc. 165 RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE MAXWELL RANDALL, D.D. (Bcoroc HDaywell IRanbalL Born in Warren, R. I., Xnv. 2},. 1810, and t(raduatt.-d at Brown University, in 1835, George Maxwell Randall pursued his theo- logical studies in New York at the General Theological Seminary, completing his course in 1838. He was ordered deacon in St. Mark's Church in his nati\'e to\\-n, July 17, 1838, by Bishop Griswold, wiio advanceti him tn the priesthood, Xhn'. 2, 183^. His first cure was the Church of the Ascension, ]*"all Ri\er, Mass. In 1844 he became rector of the Church of the Messiah, Boston, where he remained until elected to the missionary episcopate. He recei\ed his doctorate in di\inity from his alma mater in 1856; was a dei)ut\' to the General Con- ventions, 1S50-63; and was secretary of the House of Deputies, 1862-65. He was consecrated missionary bish<;p of Colorado in Trinit)' Church, Boston, Dec. 28, 1865, by liishcjps Hopkins, Boswurth Smith, Eastburn, Carlton Chase, Clark, and \'ail, together with the bishop of Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, Dr. Thomas Nettleship Staley. Entering upon his work with the acti\ity and enthusiasm which had characterized his entire ministerial career. Bishop Ran- dall laici foundations, educational, parochial, and spiritual, on which he was not permitted to build. After nearly eight \-ears of unre- mitting toil, he died in Den\cr, Colo., Sept. 28, 1873. Works. — i. " Why I am a Cliunhinan " (ujnvani of 150,000 of thi-. tract liave lueii i-ssuecl) : 2. " Oli^ervations on Confirmation " ; 3. Occasional iliscourscs. ejiiscopal ail- dresses, missionary reports, pastorals, etc. I)r. Randall was e H^a1n6 1KlccI\>. The successor of the devout and gifted George Burgess in the frontier see of Maine was born in Fayetteville, Onondaga County. N. Y., May 14, 1830. Following his graduation at Geneva College, 1849, he w^^ '']'- pointed a tutor in his alma mater, which post he retained until 1852. He was made a deacon in Trinity Church, Gene\a, N. Y., Dec. 19, 1852, by Bishop De Lancey, who priested him in Trinity, Uti.a, June 18, 1854. His ministry was spent at Calvary Church, Utica, 1853-55 ' Christ Church, Rochester, 1855-62 ; and as chaplain of Hobart College, 1862-64, In the autumn of 1864 he became an assistant minister of Tjinity, New York, where he remained until his consecration. He recei\ed the doctorate in di\inity from his alma mater, 1866. He was consecrated bishop of Maine in Trinit\- Chapel, New ^'ork, Jan. 25, 1867, by Bishops Hopkins, John Williams, Horatio Potter, Odenheimer, Clarkson, and Randall. On his removal to his see he became rector of St. Luke's Church, Portland, which was made the cathedral of the diocese. I,ater a noble cathedral church was erected. This fine structure was consecrated St. Luke's day, Oct. 18, 1877. Bishop Neely has ser\'ed for a number of years as chair- man of the House of Bishops. He is an earnest and able worker, conser\'ative in his views, a well-reatl ami sound theologian, antl a scholar of wide culture. Wi.iRKs. — Occasional scrniuns, episcopal addresses, and other official jiapers. RIGHT REVEREND DANIEL SYLVESTER TUTTLE, D.D. IDanicl S\>lvcetcr lEuttlc. Born at Windham, Greene County, N. Y., Jan. 26, 1837, and graduated at Columbia in 1857, and at the General Theological Seminary, New York, in 1862, Tuttle was ordained a deacon in the Church of the Transfiguration, New York, June 29, 1862, by Bishop Horatio Potter, who advanced him to the priesthood in Zion Church, Morris, Otsego County, N. Y., July 19, 1863. His only charge was at Morris, first as an assistant minister, and then, on the decease of the rector, as incumbent of the cure. He received the doctorate in divinity from Columbia College, 1867, and from Sewanee, 1886. When elected by the Church in General Ccmxentinn to the mis- sionary episcopate of Montana, Idaho, and Utah. Tuttle had not attained the canonical age for consecration. It was not until May I, 1867, that he was set apart for his work. The service took place in Trinity Chapel, New York. The consecrators were Bishops Hopkins, Horatio Potter, Odenheimer, Randall, Kerfoot, and Neely. After nearly twenty years of pioneer work, in which he was busied in laying foundations and in setting in order the Church in the vast territories committed to his care, Tuttle, whose " praise was in all the churches," was elected to the see of Missouri on the death of the lamented Robertson. He had refused prior offers of translation, but, after due consideration of the circumstances of this " call," he resigned the mission work intrusted to his care and entered upon the duties of the diocesan of Missouri, the third in succession from the missionary episcopate of the apostolic Kemper. Works. — Mission.iry reports and papers, Convention acUIres.ses, pastorals, and official coniniunicatinns tc his mission and diocesan clergy. RIGHT REVERHND JOHN FRIilfMAN YOUNG, D.D. 3obn J^rccman l!?ouiu3. The successor of Rutledge, the first diocesan of the see of Florida, was born in Pittston, Kennebec County, Me., Oct. 30, 1820. Educated at the VVesleyan Seminary at Readfieltl in his nati\e State, and entering the Wesleyan Uni\ersity at Middletown, Conn., he became a con\ert to tiie Church, and, removing to Virginia, was graduated at the Theological Seminar}- at Alexandria in 1845. He was admitted to the diaconate by Bisliop Henshaw in St. Michael's Church, Bristol, R. I., April 20, 1845, ^^'id was ordained priest by Bishop Stephen Elliott in St. John's Church, Tallahassee, Ela., Jan. 11, 1846. His ministry was spent in Florida, at St. John's, Jackson\ ille ; in Texas, as a missionary in Brazoria County ; in Mississippi at Livingston, Madison County; and in Louisiana at Napoleonville, Assumption Parish. After these Southern experi- ences he became an assistant minister of Trinity Church, New York, where he served until he was chosen to the episcopal office. He received the degree of doctor of di\init}' from Columbia College in 1865. Young was the secretar}' of the primary CoiU'ention lield in 1848 for the organization of the diocese of Texas. He was the secretar)- of the Russo- Greek Committee of the General Convention, and edited the papers issued by that committee in furtherance of the intercommunion of the Eastern, Anglican, and American Churches. In 1864 he visited Russia in the interest of this mo\-ement. He was consecrated in Trinity Church. New York, Jul}' 25, 1867, by Bishops Hopkins, Payne, Gregg, Odenheimer, R. H. W'ilmer, and Cummins. After a busy episcopate, in which the varied abilities of the bishop were called into abundant exercise, he died in New York, N(>\'. 15, 1885, and his remains were buried at Jackson\"ille, Fla. Works. — I. " Dcvoticmal Manual for Canilidatts for I 'onlirnialion " ; 2. " Hymns an. I Music for the Young" (2 vol.s. ) ; j. (Jccasional t-iiscourses, Con\entias- torals, reports, etc. 183 RIGHT REVEREND JOHN WATRUS BECKWITH, D.D. John Matni8 Bcclnvitb. The successor of the eloquent l^lliott in the see of Georgia was born in Raleigh, N. C, Feb. y, 1831, antl was graduatetl at Trinity College, Hartford, 1852. He received deacon's orders in St. James's, Wilmington, N. C, May 24, 1854, from Bishop Atkinson, who ad\anced iiini to the priesthood in Emmanuel Church, Warrenton, May 20, 1855. After service in his native State at Calvary Church, W'adesboro', Beckwith removed to Maryland, where he took charge of AllTiallows' pari.sh, Washington Ciiunty. He continued in this charge until the break- ing out of the Civil War, when he removed to Alabama, where he became rector of Trinity Church, Demopolis. At the return of peace he accepted the rectorship of Trinity Church, Xew Orleans, where he remained until his advancement to the episcopate. He received the doctorate in divinity from Trinit\- College, Harth>rd, and from the University of Georgia, 1868. His consecration took place in St. John's Church, Sawannah, April 2, 1868. His consecrators were Bishops Green, Atkinson, R. H. Wilmer, J. P. B. Wilmer, and Young. After an episcopate marked by material and spiritual prosperity and development lie died at Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 2t,, 1890. The second bishop of Georgia was eloquent, scholarly, de\'out. He was a leader of men, and both in his see and in the general councils of the Church he wieldetl a decided influence. As the founder of Church institutions, as a furtherer of the Church's ad- vance, as a wise, conser\'ative master builder, he was a model bishop of the church of God. Works. — Episcopal addresses. I.tinten charges, occasional Convention and contro- versial discourses. Bisliop Beckwitli contributed to "Tlie History of the American Episcopal Church," by the bishop of Iowa, an interesting monograph on Bethesda College, founded near Savannah by George Whitefield. 18s u^ ■*•— -Hk V RIGHT REVEREND FRANCIS McNEECE WHITTLE, D.D., LL.D. jfrancis HDclRccce Mbittle. A NATIVE of the State over wliich he was in his maturity to exercise spiritual jurisdiction, the fifth bishop of Virginia was born in Mecklenburg County, July 7, 1823, and was graduated at the Theological Seminary near Alexandria in 1847. He was made a tieacon in St. Paul's Church, Alexandria, July 16, 1847, ^■•'"l ■^^''is advanced to the " higher degree" in St. Jnhn's Church, Charleston, Va., Oct. 8, 1848, b_\- Bishop Meade. His ministry was spent at Kanawha parish, Kanawha Count)' ; St. James's, Northam parish, Goochland County; and Grace Church, Berry ville, Va. In 1857 he accepted the rectorship of St. Paul's, Louisville, Ky., where he remained until April, 1868. He recei\ed his doctorate in divinity from Kenyon, 1867, and his doctorate of laws from William and Mary College, 1873. May 17, 1867, he was elected coadjutor bishop of Virginia. His consecration took place at St. Paul's, Alexandria, Va., April 30, 1868. His consecrators were Bishops Johns, Alfred Lee, and Bedell. On the death of Bishop Johns, in 1876, he became the diocesan. The following year the western portion of the see was erected into a new diocese corresponding to tlie limits of the State of West Virginia. In 1893 the diocese of Suuthern \'irginia was created out of the remainder of the see, and Bishop Coadjutor Randolph, became the dioce.san thereof. Bishop Whittle's episcopate has been made noteworthy by a remarkable development in material and spiritual matters. He has witnessetl the division of his see and its great growth in churches and communicants, and in the amount of its charitable cijntributions. \V(.iRKS. — Episcopal addressee and occasional sermons. RIGHT RBVEREND WILLIAM HLNRY AUGUSTUS BISSELL, D.D. Milliain 1F3cnt\> Huoustus BissclL The successor of the eloquent and accomplished Hopkins was born in Randolph, \'t., No\-. lo, 1814. He was graduated from the University of the State of Vermont, 1836. He was admitted to deacon's orders in Calvary Church, New York, Sept. 29, 1839, by Bishop B. T. Onderdonk, who ad- vanced him to the priesthood in Christ Church, Tmy, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1840. Bissell served at Trinity, West Tro_\-, 1841-45 ; at Grace, Lyons, N.Y., 1845-48; and at Trinity, Geneva, N. Y., 1848-68. He received the doctorate in divinity from Norwich Universit\% 1852; from Hobart, 1858; and from the University of Vermont, 1876. He was consecratetl bishop of Vermont in Christ Church, Mont- pelier, Vt., June 3, 1868, by Bishops RlcCoskr}", John Williams, H. Potter, Cnxe, and Neely. He died May 14, 1893. Bissell passed from an unusually successful rectorate to the episcopate. His ad- ministration was wise and conservative. He was untiring in labors and faithful in the discharge of e\-ery duty. Retiring in manners and unobtrusive in the exercise of his episcopal functions, his worth was known by all who came within the sphere of his influence, and his death was universally regretted. Works. — Episcopal addresses and iifticial papers. 1S9 RIGHT RBVEPEND CHARLES FRANKLIN ROBHRTSON, D.D. Cbavlcs jFvanhlin IRobcvtson, The second bishop of the Church in Missouri was born in New York, March 2, 1835. He was a graduate of Yale, 1859, antl ot the General Theological Seminary, 1862. He was ordained to the diaconate in the Church of the Transfiguration, New York, June 29, 1862, by Bishop Horatio Potter, who priested him in St. Mark's Church, Malone, N. Y,, Oct. 23d of the same year. He remained in charge of St. Mark's, Malone, until Sept. i, 1868, when he accepted the rector- ship of St. James's, Batavia, N. Y. The election of Robertson to the episcopate of Missouri prevented his entrance upon this new field of labor. He received the doctorate in di\init\- from Columbia College, 1868. Dr. Robertson was consecrated bishop in d'ace Church, New York, Oct. 25, 1S68, by Bishops Bosworth Smith, McCoskr_\-, Johns, H. W. Lee, H. Potter, and Lay. After a laborious episcopate, marked by the conscientious performance of every detail of the duties of his office and the careful, conservative, and impartial dis- charge of his \-aried and abundant labors, he dietl in St. Louis, Mail, 1886. WiiKKs. — Ili!,toric;U papers, episco]ial aililrcssc-s, cli.irges, pastorals, etc., of wliii.li note " The Churchman's .Answer as to tlie History ami Claims of the Protestant E|iisco- pal Church" (1878). PIGHT REVEREND BENJAMIN WISTAR A\ORRIS, D.D. iBciijantin Mistar ni>ord8. The second bishop of the Church in Oregon and W^ashiagton Territory was born in WelLsboro', Pa., May 30, 18 19. He was graduated at the General Theological Seminary, 1846. He was ordained to the diaconate in St. Philip's Church, Philadel- phia, June 28, 1846, and to the priesthood in St. Matthew's, Sun- bury, Pa., April 27, 1847, by Bishop Alonzo Potter. After four years' service at Sunbury he accepted the rectorship of St. Davitl's, Manayunk, Philadelphia, continuing in charge of tiiis parish for six years. He then became assistant minister of St. Luke's, Ger- mantown, Philadelphia, remaining in this position until his election to the missionary episcopate. He received the doctorate in divinity from Columbia and the University of Pennsylvania in 1868. He was consecrated in St. Luke's Church, Philadelphia, FJec. 3, 1868, by Bishops Alfred Lee, Odenheimer, Vail, Clarkson, Randall, and Kerfoot. The missionary jurisdiction of Oregon was made into a diocese in 1S89. Previous to tliat date, in 1880, Washington Ter- ritory was separated from the jurisdiction o{ Oregon, Morris retain- ing charge of the latter jurisdiction. Bishop Wistar Morris's episcopate has been one of singular de- votion and marvelous success. The educational institutions of the diocese under his fostering care have been developed and placed on permanent foundations. The charitable organizations have been made a feature of his successful work. Churches have been multi- plied, endowments secured, and the prosperity of the diocese in both spiritualities and temporalities assured. Few bishops have seen such marked results of their devotion and work, and tlie episcopate of the second missionary bishop and the first diocesan of Oregon will ever be remembered in our ecclesiastical annals. Works. — i. " Presliylerian, I!a])tist. ami Methodist Testinionv to Confirniation " ; 2. Missionaiy reports. Convention aililresscs. sermons, and other official papers. RIGHT REVEREND ABRA.W NEWKIRK LITTLEJOHN, D.D. Copyright, 18S9, by Anderson. Ebvain flcvvhirh Xittlcjobn. The dixisioTi (if the see of New York b_\- the cutting ofif of West- ein New York in 1838 was followed after a k)ng interval by the creation out of the remainder of the original diocese of the sees of Albany, Central New York, and Long Island. The first bishop of Lung Islans to a Living Faith" (1870); 5. " Christ and the World" (1S-4); 6. Lowell and Graham Lec- tures on " The Divine Aspects of Human Society " ; 7. " Helps to a Holy Lent " (two series); 8. "Righteousness of God the Authority for Uprightness in Man" (1875); 9. " Christ in the Christian Year and in the Life of Man " ( lS77) ; 10. " Common Things of Divine Service" (1877); II. "Home and College L'nconscious Tuition" (1878); 12. " Sermons on the Christian Year" (2 vols., 1881); 13. "Good Talking and Good Manners" (1887); 14. " Forty Davs with the Master" (completing the Lenten series, 1K91); 15. Numerous historical papers, addresses, etc. He has edited (with Dr. F. D. Hedge) " Hymns for the Church of Christ," " Elim ; or. Hymns of Holy Refreshment," and " Lyra Domestica." He has also edited Mountford's " Martyria," " F.uthanasy." "Christianity the Deliverance of the Soul and its Life," and Whately's "Christian Morals." He was founder and for some years editor of the "Church Monthly." 199 Xau^ .,S- RIGHT REVEREND OZl WILLIA.W WHITAKER, D.D. m Milliam Mbitahcr. Born at New Sak-m, Mass., May lO, 1830, and graduating at Middlebury College, Vermont, 1856, the first bishop of Nevada and the fifth of Pennsylvania, after teaching for several years, completed his studies for orders at the General Theological Seminary, 1863. He was admitted to the diaconate in Grace Church, l^oston, Jul\- 15, 1S63, by Bishop Eastburn, who advanced hini to the priest- hiiiiLl in St. Stephen's Chapel, in the same city, Aug. 7th of the same year. His ministry, with the exception of two years' rector- ship at St. Paul's, Englewood, N. J., was spent in Nevada, first at Gold Hill, in St. John's parish, and then as rector of St. Paul's, Virginia City. Elected to the missionary episcopate of Ne\-ada by the Church in General Convention, October, 1868, he received his doctorate in divinity from Kenyon College the following year, and was consecrated in St. George's, New York, Oct. 13, 1869, by Bishops Mcllvaine, H. Potter, Eastburn, Odenheimer, and J. C. Tal- bot. After long and faithful service in this frontier field he was elected bishop coadjutor of Pennsylvania in 1886, and succeeded Stevens as diocesan, June, 18S7. He brought to the arduous duties of his new field of labor the wide and varied e.xperiences he had gained in his missionary see. He has been a faithful administrator, a wise and capable judge, an earnest and tireless worker. WiiRKs. — Occasional sermons, cpiscoi)al adt.lrcsscs. and otlicr official papers. RIGHT REVEREND HENRY NILES PIERCE, D.D., LL.D. 1[3cnr^ 1Rilc8 pierce. A XAI'IVK i>f Rhode Island — a State which has furnished to the American Church hah a dozen members of the House of Hisliops — and born in Pawtucket, Oct. 19, 1820, Pierce (who is a descen- ilant of the Richard Percy who founded Pearce Hall, York, Englanil, in the sixteenth century) was (graduated at Brown Uni\ersity, 1842 ; was ordered dcacim in Christ Church, Matagorda, Texas, bv Bishop Freeman, April 2,. 1 848 ; and priested Jan. 3, 1849, in the same church, by the same bish.op. His ministry was s]jent in Washington Co., Texas, where he planted the Church ; at Christ Church, Mata- gorda, Texas, 1852; at Trinit}-, New ( )rleans, 1854; at St. Paul's, Railway, N. J., 1855; at St. John's, Mobile, Ala., 1857; and at St. Paul's, Springfield, 111, where he was rector from 1868 until his elec- tion to the episcopate. He was one of the organizers of the diocese of Texas. He received the doctorate in divinity from the Uni\ersity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 1 862, and the doctorate of laws from William and Mary in 1869. Pie has also received the doctoiate from Sewanee. Pierce was consecrated missionary bi'-ho]) of Arkansas and the Indian Territory in Christ Church, Mnbile, Jan, 25, 1870, by Bish- ops Green, Whitehouse, R. H. \\ ilmer, (Juintanl, J. P. B. Wilmer, and Young. During the Ci\il War Arkansas was recognized by the Council of the Chuich in the Confederate States as a diocese. After the return to unity this action was not confirmed till in the primar)- Coin'ention Bishop Pierce \\'as chosen the diocesan. In 1892 the Indian Territory was made into a separate jurisdiction. Bisho]:) Pierce's episcopate has been a struggle and a success. He has with no little pains organized and erected his cathedral, and developed about it the Church acti\'ities which make it a center of spiritual life. His scholarship, his poetic fire, his thoughtful and cultured discourses, his command of a graceful style, and his earnest devotion to the duties of his office will long be remembered, nut only in the scene of his labors, but throughout the Church. \Viii:K^. — I. "The .Agnostic. " a volume iif jiueiiis (1SS3;; 2. Sermon.s, addressee, translatiniis, and iiiisccll.ineous pamphlets. RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM WOODRUFF NILES, D.D. Milliam Moobmff IRilcs. The successor of the excellent Carlton Chase in the see of New Hampshire was a native of the province of Lower Canada (now Que- bec), having been born in Hatley, May 24, 1832. He was graduated at Trinity College, 1857, and completed his course of theological study at the Berkeley Divinity School, 1861. He was ordered deacon in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Middle- town, May 22, 1 86 1, by Bishop John Williams. He was priested May 14, 1862, in St. Philip's, Wiscasset, Me., by Bishop Burgess. His alma mater made him a tutor directly on his graduation and he was also instructor in the Hartford High School for three years. His first ministerial charge was St. Philip's, Wiscasset. In 1864 he was appointed professor nf the Latin language and literature in Trinity College, which position he held until his election to the e}jiscopate. From 1868 t(T 1S70 he atldeti tn his professorial duties the charge of St. John's Church, Warehouse Point. He was consecrated in St. Paul's Church, Concord, N. H., Sept. 21, 1870, by Bishops Bosworth Smith, J. Williams, Neely, Bissell, and Doane, together with the bishop of Quebec, Dr. James W'illiam Williams. He recei\-ed the doctorate in divinity from Trinity Col- lege the year of his consecration, and later from Dartmouth. A scholar, a well-read theologian, and an earnest and devoted preacher, the administration of Bishop Niles has witnessed an un- wonted de\-elopment in a staid old New ICngland see. He has been wise, impartial, moderate in his views, sound in his teachings, and careful in his judicial decisions. Li the molding and shaping of St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H., he has, with its founder. Dr. Shattuck, of Boston, and its late head, the Re\'. Dr. Coit, done a noble work for the Church. Works. — (.'onvcnlion addresses and pastoral letters. He was an early editor of the " Churchman." RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM PINKNEY, D.D., LL.D. riioto by \V. C. Babcock, Ironi painting by Miss Helen Frances Colbu MilUani pinhnc\>. The coadjutor and successor of Whittingiiam was born in An- napolis, Md., April 17, i.Sio. He was graduated at St. John's College, in the town of his birth, 1827. This institution was the representati\e of, and was in di- rect succession from, King William's School, the first public free school in this countr_\-, dating its foundation to 1694. Pinkney was admitted to the diaconate in Christ Church, Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md., April 12, 1835, by Bishop Stone. The same bishop priested him in All Saints', Frederick, Md., Maj- 27, 1836. He successi\-ely served Somerset and Coventry parishes, Md. ; St. Mat- thias's, Bladensburg, Md. ; and the Ascension, Washington, D. C. He was rector of this latter charge when elected to the episcopate. His alma mater conferred upon him the doctorate in divinity in 1855. Columbian College, Washington, and William and Mary College made liim a doctor of laws in 1873. His consecration as bishoj) coadjutor of Marylantl took place in the Church of the Epiphany, Washington, Oct. 6, 1870. The con- secrators were Bishops Bosworth Smith, Johns, Atkinson, Oden- heimer. Lay, Stevens, Ouintard, and Kerfoot. On the death of Bish- op Whittingham, Pinkney became the diocesan of Maryland. He died, after an episcopate distinguished for its equable administration, its marked increase in the charities and activities of the Church, and for the beautiful exhibition of personal holiness and devotion in the bishop himself, at Cockeysville, Md., July 4, 1883. WdRKs. — Episcopal addressee, sermons, and pastorals. See " Life" hv '1. llutton, ]>.!). (iSgo). "s^ ©?- \\^ ^ A RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM BELL WHITE HOWE, D.D. mailliain IBcW Mhitc IFdowc. BoKX at Claremont, N. H., March 31, 1S23, Howe was graduated at the University <>t Veniicmt, 1844. Removing to tlie Smith, he was made a deacon in St. Philip's Churcii, Charleston, April g, 1S47, '"id was ordained in St. Stejjhen's Ciiapel, in the same cit\-, June 3, 1849, by Bishop Gadsden. His successive ministerial charges were St. John's, Berkeley, S. C, 1848-60; assistant at St. Philip's, 1860-63; and rector of this church until elected bishop. He receivcil the doctorate in divinity from the Uni\ersit)- of the South in iSj'i, and from Columbia the following year. He was consecrated in St. Paul's, Baltimore, 'Oct. 8, 187 1, by Bishops Bosworth Smith, W'hittingham, Davis, Atkinson, and (iregg, together with the bishop of Lichfield, P^ngland, Dr. Selw}-n, and the bishop of Nassau, Dr. Addington R. P. Venables. Those ])resent at this impressive service will recall how the hands of the aged and blind Bishop Davis were guided " wittingly " to rest in consecration on his coadjutor's head. On Dec. 2d of the year of Bishop Howe's consecration, by the death of Bishop Davis, he became diocesan of South Carolina. In 1893 Dr. PlUison Capers was consecrated as his coadjutor, and on No\-. 25, 1894, the good bishop, whose praise for wisdom, holiness, de\otion to his work, and wise and impartial ad- ministration is in all the churches, entered into rest. Works. — Two occasional sermons, episcopal addresses, and j^aslorals. v^\ h- RIGHT REVEREND MARK ANTONY DE WOLFE HOWE, D.D., LL.D. riDavk Hitton\> IDc Molfc 1F3o\vc. Burn at Bristol, R. I., April 5, 1809, and graduating at Brown I'niversity, 1828, Howe was admitted to the diaconate in St. Micliael's Church, in his nati\e cit_\', Jan. 13, 1832, by Bi.sjiop (iris- wold, who ad\-anced him to tlie priesthood, March 12, 1833, in Grace Church, Boston. His ministry was spent at St. Matthew's, South Boston ; at St. James's, Ro.xbur}-, Mass. ; as editor ot the " Christian Witness " ; as rector of Christ Church, Cambridge; again at Roxbnr}', 1 .836-46, and at St. Luke's, Philadelphia, where he remained until elected to the episcopate. Sent as a tle]jiity to the General Conxention of 1850, he was made the secretary i^if the House of Deputies, which xiffice he filled for twelve years. Chosen by the Church in General Convention to the missionary episcopate of Nevada, he declined the appointment. His doctorate in di\inity was recei\ed from ]irown in 1848, and the Uni\ersit\- of I'cnns}l\ ania made him a doctor of laws in 1876. His consecration as tlrst bisho]) of Central Pennsylvania took place in his parish church, Dec. 28. 1871. His consecrators were Bishops Bosworth Smith, I\lcll\-aine, A, Lee, II. I'otter, Clark, Bedell, Kerfoot, and Morris. He died, after a successful adminis- tration of nearly a t]iiarter of a century, at the place of his birth, Bristol, R. L, July 31, 1895. Both as a parish priest and as a bishop he had won regard and renown for his faithful discharge of every duty, his carefulness as an administrator, and his literary taste and skill. His style was that of the best writers in English, while his oratory ever commanded attention and praise. Works. — l. " Essays, and Fugitive Pieces in Verse " ; 2. " The Right of the Kaste.-ii Diocese to Elect a Bishop " (1837) ; 3. " Review of a Report of the Boston School Com- mittee " (1845) ; 4. " Vindication of the Episcopal .Missionary Association for the West " (1857); 5. .Sermon before the Convention of the diocese of Pennsylvania (1859)! 6. " Memoir of Life and Services of Bishop .\. Potter" (1870); 7. Occasional sermons and Convention addresses. He edited an edition of Bishop Heber's poems. RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM HOBART HARE, D.D. Milliain U^obavt IFDarc. The missionary bishop c)f Niobrara, whose labors have been tliose of an apostle, and \vh<;ise atlministration has been one of singular self-denial and devotion, was born at Princeton, N. J , May i 7, iS.V'^- He was prepared for college at the Plpiscopal Academy of Phil- adelphia, where he was graduated with the highest honors of the institution. Entering the sophomore class of the Uni\ersit)- of Pennsylvania, his course was brilliant; but failing health required his withdrawal from college at the end of the junior year, at which time he stood among the first in his class. Ordered deacon in St. Matthew's, Philadelphia, June ig, 1859, by Bishop Bowman, and priested in St. Paul's, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, by Bishop A. Potter, May 25, 1862, his ministry, which was spent in Philadelphia, was abundant in labors and success, and marked him as specially fitted for the important post to which he was called — the secretary- ship of the Foreign Cj)ate of Cape I'almas and parts adjacent in West Africa took place in St. John's Church, Georgetown, D. C. April 17, 1873. The consecrators were Bishops Bosworth Smith. A. Lee, Johns, Pa\"ne, Armitage, and Pinkney. Returning to his field of labor, Auer, who had thrown new energ)' into the African mission work of the Church, and whose labors promised marked results, died at Caralla the year following his consecration, F"eb. 16, 1874. His life antl labors were freely gi\'en, that the " Morian's land" mav soon "stretch forth her hands to God." WciRKs. — Translations, missionary reports, appeals, ami papers. RIGHT REVEREND BENJAMIN HENRY PADDOCK, D.D. Copyright, 1SS9, by Anderson. Benjamin *IF3cnr\> pabbock. TFiE successor of Eastburn, and tlit- fourth bishop of Massachu- setts, was a native of Norwich, Conn., was tlie sou of a clergyman two of whose sons became bishops, and was born Feb. 29, 1828. He was graduated at Trinity College in the class of 1848, and at the General Theological Seminary in 1S52. He was admitted to deacon's orders by Bishop Brownell, June 29, 1852, at Christ Church, Stratfortl, in his nati\e State, and was priested b\- Bishop Williams in Trinity Church, Norwich, the town of his birth. His ministry was spent at the Epiphan)-, New York; at St. Luke's, Portland, Me. ; and at Trinity, Norwich, ui which his father had been the rector for more than twent_\- _\'ears. Removing to the W'est, he became rector of Christ Church, Detroit. In 1869 he accepted the charge of Grace Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., where he continued as rector until his election to the episcopate. In 1867 he recei\ed the doctorate in divinity from Trinity College. He was consecrated in his parish church in Brooklyn, Sept. I", 1873, by Bishops Bosworth Smith, A. Lee, J. Williams, Ste\ens, Littlejohn, and Huntington. After a faithful and conscientious dis- charge of the duties of the episcopal office, Bishop Paddock died in Boston, March 9, 1891. He was a sound theologian, a ready and impressive speaker, a logical and careful debater, a well-read canon- ist, and a man of great personal huliness. His death was deeply felt throughout the Church. WoKKS. — I. " The First Ceiitm v I'l the I'rote.stant Episcopal Church in Massachu- setts ; 2. Canonical digests, episcopal ami academic addresses, occasional discourses, and charges. RIGHT REVEREND THEODORE BENEDICT LYMAN, D.D. X^bco^orc BcncMct X^man. BiiKX ill Bri^htiin, Mass., Nov-. 27, i>Si5, graduatiiiL,'^ at Hamilton Collect' in kS,>7, and at the (icncral Theological Seminary in I .S40, I.xnian was ailmittetl to the diacoiiate in Christ Chnrch. Haltimoie, Md., Sept. 20, 1840, b_\- liishojj W'hittingham, who ordained him priest in St. John's, Idagerstown, Md., Dec. 19, 1841. P'rom 1840 to 1850 he was in charge of St. John's, Hagerstown ; from 1850 to i860 he was the rector of Trinit}-, Pittsburg; and from i860 to 1870 he served at Rome, Ital_\-, establishing the American Chapel in the Eternal City. Returning to the United States, he was the rector of Trinit\- Church, San I'"rancisco, until his election to tiie episcopate. He was consecrated bishop coadjutor of North Carolina in Christ Church, Raleigh, Dec. 11, 187^ The consecrators were Jiishops W'hittingham, Atkinson, and Lay. On the death of I^ishoj) Atkin- son, his coadjutor became the bishop oi the see. Hisliop Lyman brought to his episcopal work the great advantages of many and \aried experiences at home and abroad, and a resultant culture. He was earnest, devoted, judicious ; and his administration was prospered in the di\'ision of his see ami in the electiim ot a coadjutor. Bishop L)-man died at Raleigh, Dec. 1 ^, 1893. W,,KK'>. — < )cc;i'-i(mal scriiKin^. report.s <<( foroign tbaplaincv, adiiresscs t" tlit Cunvcn- liims, and oftkial papers. RIGHT REVEREND JOHN FRANKLIN SPALDING, D.D. Jobn jFvnnhlin Spalbino. The successor of the devoted Randall in the missionary episco- pate of Colorado and \\'\-oming was born at Belgrade, Me., Aug. 25, 1828. He was graduated at Bowdoin College in the class of 1853, and at the General Theological Seminary in 1857. Returning to his native State for ordination, he was made a deacon in St. Stephen's, Portland, Me., July 8, 1857, and was priested in Christ Church, Cjardiner, Me., July 14, 1858, by Bishop George Burgess. He served in the sacred niinisti_\' at St. James's, C)ld Town, Me., St. George's, Lee, Mass., Grace Church, I'njxidence, R. I., as as- sistant; and in 1862 took charge of St. Taul's, I{rie, I'a., where he continued in the rectorate till his election to the episcopate. He was consecrated in his parish church at Erie, Dec. 31, 1873, by Bishops McCoskry, Bedell, J. C. Talbot, Co.xe, and Kerfoot. His administration has been fruitful in all good works. Educational and charitable institutions ha\e been founded and fostered; the missionary see has become a diocese ; and the new see has itself been created by the setting off of Western Colorado as a missionary jurisdiction. The cathedral, and the College of St. John the Evan- gelist, with its various departments, at Denver, and the endowments secured and increased by the bishop's tireless energy and personal effort, make his episcopate noteworthy. Works. — I. " A Manual for Mothers' Meetings " ; 2. " The C'liurch and its ApostoUc Ministry" (1887) ; S- " The Threefnki Ministry of the Churcli nf Christ "; 4. " The Pas- toral Office " ; 5. ■' the Best Mode of Working a Parish " ( 1S8S) ; 6. " Jesus Christ the Proof of Christianity " ( 1891) ; 7. Episcopal addresses, missionary reptirts and jiajiers, etc. RIGHT REVEREND EDWARD RANDOLPH WELLES, D.D. lEbwarb IRanbolpb Mcllce. The successor of Armitaj^e in the see of Wisconsin and the first bishop of Milwaukee — the name assumed by the southern half oi the original diocese of Wisconsin after the creation of the see of Fond du Lac — was born in Waterloo, N. Y., Jan. lo, 1830, and was graduated at Geneva College in the class of I 850. Relinquishing the study of law, to which he had applied himself on his graduation, he prepared himself lor holy orders under the direction of the great De Lancey, bishop of Western New York. He recei\-ed both deacon's and priest's orders from this bisho]), being made deacon in Trinity, (jene\a, N. Y., Dec. 20, 1857, and priest in St. Paul's Church, in his nati\e town, Sept. 12, 1858. A])- pointed to a tutorship at De \'eau.\ College, Suspension Hridge, N. Y., he officiated on Sunday's in neighboring parishes, taking no direct pastoral duty until Oct. 3, 1858, when he entered upon mis- sion work at Red Wing, Minn., where he organized the parish of Christ Church, of which he continued the rector until his election to the episcopal office. During his rectorate he was a deputy to the General Convention, and also the secretar}- of the Diocesan Conven- tion. In 1874 he received the doctorate in dixinity from Racine College. He was consecrated in St. Tlmmas's Church, New York, Oct. 24, 1874, b_\- l^ishops Hosworth Smith, J. Williams, Atkinson, and Whipple, together with the bishop of Kingston, Jamaica, W, 1., Dr. Reginald Courtenay. The year after his ciinsecrati IDucacbct Minoficlb. A NAinEof Portsiiidntli, \'a., where hf was burn Sept. 24, 18,^3, ami educated at tiist private!)' and then at St. Tiniuthx 's, IMarxland, at which institution lie was hir two years an instructi)r, W'inyfield was graduated at William and ?\lary Cullege in 1853. He pursued t!ie xncatiim nt a teacher until 1855, \\hen he spent a year at the Thculdyical Seminar}- of Virginia, and then resumed his professorial work as the head of the Ashley Institute in Little Rock, Ark. He was ordered deacon in Christ Church, Little Rock, Jan. I 7, 1858, li\- IJishop h'reeman, and was priested by Bishoj) Johns m the chapel of the Virginia Seminai'y, July i, 1859. After serving as a cuiate to the rector of Christ Church, Little Rock, he assisted his \eneral5le father, the Re\-. John 11. \\ingtield, in Trinity Church, Portsmouth, \'a., and subsequently ser\ed ir. MaryLuul at Christ Church, Rock Sj)ring, returning to Trinit}', Ports- mouth, 1866. Pie served at St. Paul's, Petersburg, \'a,, 1868, where, in I 87 I , he founded St. Paul's School for girls ; and in j 874 became rector of Trinity Church, San I'rancisco, Cal. His doctorate in divinity was conferred on him in 1869, by the College of William and Mar\-. The same institution gave him the doctorate of laws in 1874, and St. Augustine College honored him with a D.C.L., 1888. The missionary jurisdiction of Northern California lia\ing been created at the General Con\-entir]n in i 874, Wiiighekl was chosen as the first bisho]), and was consecrated in St. Paul's, Petersburg, \'a., Dec. 2d of the same }-ear, b)- Bishops Johns, Atkinson, La}-, Pink- nc}-, and L}-man. On removing to his missionary see he became president of the Missionary College of St. Augustine at Benicia. Later he assumed the headship of St. Mary's-of-the-Pacific, in Benicia, and also be- came rector of St. Paul's Church, Benicia. During a laborious and devoted administration Bishop Wingfield has declined four oppor- tunities for translation: in 1879 the bishopric of Louisiana; in 1882 the assistant bi.shopric of Mississippi; and in 1 886 and 1887 the see of Easton. His administration, under man\- untoward circumstances imped- ing his work and with a tragic episode in which all hearts were won to him in s}-mpathy and marked respect, has been earnest, accejjta- ble, and successful. His eloquence, zeal, de\otion, and unflagging energy commend the bishop and his work to all men. Works. — I. "Tin.- Sncrameiit of Wnrriors " ; 2. "Answers t.i tlie ( liar-r of fn- charitableness "; 3. " Tlie Cliurchman's { '■nititude " ; 4. SL-rmons, I'astorals, cic. RIGHT REVEREND ALEXANDER CHARLES GARRETT, D.D., LL.D. Hleyanbcv (Tbavlce (Barrett The first missionary bishop of Xortlit-rn Texas — a scholar, an orator, a writer, and a faithful bishop of souls — was born in Balh'- mote, county of Sligo, Ireland, No\'. 4, 1832, and was the younger son of the Rev. John Garrett, rector of the parish. He was educated at the School for the Sons of the Irish Clerg_\- at Lucan, where he was L;"raduated with the highest honors in 1850. Entering- Trinit_\- College, Dublin, he took the Hebrew premium at the start of his college course, the catechetical prize in the second year, and was graduated B.A. first-class in 1835, taking the . W'il- mer, and I'.eckw ith. lie uinlerlo. .k the se\'ere and abundant labors of his >ce with \igor and e\er\- |)i'oniise of success; but disease, re- sultant, it is beliexed, from his nolik- de\(ition to the sufferers from \ellow fc\er in a brother clergyman's parish while a clergyman of Louisiana, and physical infirmities const'(|uent upon the long an|■al IcItL-rs, dccasinnal sermons, etc. «v RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE DE NOR.WANDIE GILLESPIE, D.D. (5coroc IDc BonnanMc (Billespic. Born June 14, 1819, in Goshen, Orange County, X. V., Gilles- pie was graduated at the General Theological Seminary in 1840. On June 28th of the same year he was made a deacon in St. Peter's Church, New York, by Bish(_>p ]i, 1". Onderdonk. He was advanced to the priesthood in St. Mark's, Le Roy, N. V., June 30, 1843, by Bishop De Lancey. His pastorates have been St. Mark's, Le Roy ; St. Paul's, Cincinnati, O. ; Zion, Palmyra, X. Y. ; and St. Andrew's, Ann Arbor, Mich. He was secretary of the dio- cese of Michigan for many years. He recei\'ed the doctorate in divinity from Hobart College in 1875. He was set apart for the office antl administration of a bishop in the Church of God on St. Matthias's day, Feb. 24, 1875, '» ^t- Mark's Church, Grand Rapids, Mich. His consecrators were Bisho])s McCo.skry, J. C. Talbot, Bissell, Robertson, Littlejohn, B. H. Pad- dock, and Welles. Bishop Gillespie possesses strong intellectual powers, is a well- read theologian, a judicious and care-taking administrator, anil a man of singular godliness, charity, and devotion. He is deeply interested in all humanitarian and reformatory measures, and in matters of social science is regarded as an expert. He is an im- pressive speaker, of dignified mien, a close reasoner, a practised logician, and one who inspires the respect and love of all men. Works. — i. " The Communion of Saints ; an Holy I'riesthood " (Convention sermon, 1862) ; 2. " Manual and Annals of the Diocese of Michigan " (1868) ; 3. " The Season of Lent" (1877). r9f 0r*^^ # RIGHT REVEREND THO.WAS AUGUSTUS JAGGAR, D.D. XTbomas Huouetue Jatjo^v. The diocese cf SDuthern Ohio was created in icfore the Universities of Pennsylvania and Oliio ; 2. Address to the graduating class of the Philailelphia 1 >ivinity .School ; 3. .Sermon before the American Social .Science .Association ; 4. " The ^linistry of Philli|)s Broohs " ; 5. " Duty of the Clergy in Relation to Modern S] 1F3obart ifiSvown. The diocese of Fond du Lac was created out of Wisconsin in 1875. Its first bishop was born in New York, Dec. i, iS.^i. After a course of private study he was graduated at the General Theological Seminar)-, 1854. He was ordered deacon, Juh- 2, 1854, in Trinity Church, New York, by Bishop Wainwright, and was priested in the Church of the Holy Communion, New York, Dec. i, 1855, by Bishop H. Potter. He was curate in 1854 at Grace Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., organizing during his connection with this parish the Church of the Good Angels (now Emmanuel) in Brooklyn, of which he was the first rector. In 1856 he took charge of the Church (.>f the Evangelists (formerly St. George's Chapel), Beekman Street, New York. In 186^ he became rector of St. Jdhn's, Cohoes, N. Y. In 1868 he Avas secretar_\- of the Albany Diocesan Convention. In 1870 he was made archdeacon. In 1874 he received his doctorate in dixinity from Racine College. He was consecrated in his parish church at Cohoes, Dec. 15, 1875, by Bishops H. Potter, Bissell, \V. C. Doane, Nile.s, B. H. Paddock, Welles, and Scarborough. After a most faithful and laborious episcopate he died, from disease contracted in the discharge of his duty, May 2, 1888, ana was buried in the grounds of the noble cathedral he had founded. He was a scholarly, godly, and devoted man, whose life was consecrated wholly to the work of the Church of Christ, and whose death was a deeply deplored loss to the diocese and the Church at large. Works. — Episcopal addresses, sermons, pnpers on " Tiie Old Catholic Moveinent," pastorals, etc. RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM STEVENS PERRY, D.D., LL.D., D.C.L. MilUain Stcvctis pcvv^. The successor of the excellent Henry Washington Lee in the see of Iowa is a native of Rhode Island, and was born in Providence, Jan. 22, 1832 ; was educated in the schools of his native city and in Brown Uni\ersity ; and was graduated at Har\-ard in the class of 1854. i^fei. jU*-eL i^'3^uJfVLapujl<>t.j-m. / 3'* t^A^ / ^f ST- After a course of theological study, first at the Virginia Seminary, and then privately under the Rev. Alexander Hamilton Vinton, D.D., he was made a deacon in Grace Church, Newton, Mass., — a parish organized in his father's home, and of which he had been parish clerk, Sunday-school superintendent, and lay reader — by Bishop East- burn, March 29, 1857. The same bishop advanced him to the priest- hood in St. Paul's, Boston, April 7, 1858. His ministry was spent at Boston, where he was curate at St. Paul's, 1S57-58 ; at St. Luke's, Nashua, N. H., 1858-61 ; at St. Stephen's, Portland, Me., 1861-63; at St. Michael's, Litchfield, Conn., 1864-69 ; and at Trinity, Gene\-a, N. Y., 1869-76. He was professor of history in Hobart College for some years, and was president of that institution from April, 1876, until September of the same \'ear, when he was consecrated to the episcopate. He was a deput\- to the General Convention from New Hampshire in 1S59, and from the iliocese of Maine in 1862, at which Con\'ention he was made an assistant secretary, succeeding to the secretar_\-ship on the consecration of Dr. Randall in 1865, and remaining in this position until his entrance into the House of Bishops. In 1868 he was appointed historiographer of the American Church. His honorary degrees are: D.D. from Trinity, Hartford, 1869, and the University of ( )xford, luighuul, "for literary and historical work," 1887; LL.D. fmm William and Mary, 1876, on accession to the presidency of Hobart, and from Trinity College, Dublin, 1894; D.C.L. from the University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec, 1885 ; from the University of King's College, Windsor, N. S., 1886; and from the University of the South, 1893. Unanimously elected to the bishopric of Iowa, and receiving the unanimous confirmation of the standing committees and bishops, he was consecrated in his parish church in Gene\'a, N. Y., Sept. lo, 1876, by his maternal uncle. Bishop Stevens, and Bishops Coxe, Kerfoot, and Bissell, together with the Most Rev. Dr. Ashton Ox- enden, bishop of Montreal and metropolitan, \\ ho was the preacher. 245 246 THE EI'ISCOPATE I.X AMEKICA. Bishop Perry is an hereditary member of the Society of the Cin- cinnati and chaplain i^eneral of the order, and is a member of the various patriotic hereditary societies of the country. In 1887 he was unanimously elected by the Synod of the see bishop of Nova Scotia, which appointment he declined. In his diocesan work the present Hishop of Iowa lias seen a three- fold increase of congregations of churches and of communicants. He has consecrated between fifty and sixty churches, and has or- dained upward of one hundred to the ministry. He has reopened Griswold College in its several dejiartments, academic, theological, antl preparatory ; has founded St. Katharine's Hall for girls, Kemper Hall for bo\-s, and Lee Hall for training candidates for orders. Wolfe Hall, the collegiate dcjiartnient, is at the earliest possible moment to be afifiliated with the Stati' L'ni\ersit\-, and thus renew and exceed the promise of its fuuiidatinn. The Bishop has also founded St. Luke Hospital in the see city. Works. — i. " Historical Sketcli of tlie Cliurdi .Missionary .Association of the Eastern District of Massacliusetts " (1H59); 2. " Bishop .Seahury and Bishoji I'rovoost: .An His- torical Fragmenf " (1862); 3. "Documentary History of the I'rotestant Episcopal Church in South Carolina " (edited in conjunction with Hawks) (1862) 14." The Connec- tion of the Church of England witli Early American Colonization" (1863); 5. " Hishoji Seabury and the ' Episco])al Recorder ' " (1863) ; 6. " A Century of Episcopacy in I'ort- land : K Sketch of the His»ory of the Episcopal Church in Portland, Me., from the Or- ganization of St. Paul's, Falmouth, November 4, 1763, to the Present Time "(1863); 7. " Documentary History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of .America," containing numerous unpublished documents concerning the Church in Con- necticut (edited, in conjunction with Hawks, 1863-64) ; 8. " The Collects of the Church " (1864) ; 9. " .\ Memorial of the Rev. Thomas Mather Smith, D.D." (1866) ; 10. " Ques- tions on the Life anf the dincese of Illinois in iI pajier-- i>n Immigratiiin, sermons, etc. r^ r R A ■^sm^'-'-' P RIGHT REVEREND JOHN NICHOLAS GALLEHER, D.D. Jobn IRicholas 6aUcbci\ Born' in Washington, Ky., Feb. 17, i.S^y, and educated at the University of Virginia, Galleher made choice of the law for his vocation, but, after taking a partial course in preparation for admis- sion to the bar, turned his attention to the sacred ministry, and be- came a candidate for holy orders. After pursuing his studies at the General Theological Seminary for a time, he was made a deacon in Christ Church, Louisville, June i 7, 1868, by Bishop Cummins. He was priested in Trinity Church, \'ew Orleans, La., May 30, 1869, by Bishop J. P. B. Wilmer. His successive cures were at Louis- \-ille, Ky., as assistant in Christ Church; as rector of Trinity, New Orleans; at the Memorial Church in Baltimore ; and at Zion Church, New York, where he remained until his election to the episcopate. He received the doctorate in di\inity from Columbia in 187-;. He was consecrated the third bishop of Louisiana in Trinity Church, New Orleans, Feb. 5, 1880, by Bishops Green. R. H. Wil- mer, Robertson, and Dudley. He died, after a successful ami wise administration of his see, in which his varied gifts and abilities were fully recognized and admired, in New Orleans, Dec. 7, 189 1. WdKKs. — Episcopal .iclilresses ami senimns. 263 / \ RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE KELLY DUNLOP. D.D. (3corGC 1F\cU^ "Sunlop. A NATIVE of County T\Tont', Ireland, where he was born Nov. lo, 1830, and educated at the Royal College of Dungannon and at the Queen's University, Galway, where he was graduated in 1852, taking the second classical scholarship, Dunlop emigrated to the United States in October, 1852. After a course of private study in preparation for holy orders he was made a deacon in Palmyra, Mo., Dec. 3, 1854, by Bishop Hawks, who advanced him to priest's orders, Aug. 7, 1856. His ministry was spent in Missouri, at St. Charles ; as rector of Christ Church, Lexington ; and at Grace Church, Kirkwood, where he re- mained until chosen to the missionary episcopate of New Mexico and Arizona. During his rectorate at Lexington he was professor of the Greek and Latin languages in a local college. In 1856 he declined a similar chair at Racine. In 1880 that institution con- ferred upon him the degree of doctor of divinity. He was consecrated in Chri.st Church, St. Louis, Nov. 21, 1880, by I^ishops Whipple, Robertson, Spalding, Perry, A. Burgess, and Seymour. After a laborious episcopate in a field at once lacking in promise and in opportunity for development, Bishop Dunlop died at Las Cruces, N. M., March 12, 1888, and his remains were interred under the altar of St. Paul's Church, Las Vegas. He was a godly and learned man, full of the Holy Ghost. WiiRKS. — Missionary repurt-. an.l api'LaU. ^^5iH» ^^ >ti. RIGHT REVEREND LEIGH RICHMOND BREWER, D.D. Xciob IRicbtnoiib Brewer. Burn in Berkshire, Vt., Jan. 20, 1839, Brewer was graduated from Hobart College in 1863, and from the General Theological Seminary in 1866. He was admitted to the diaconate in the Church of the Annuncia- tion, New York, July i, 1866, by Bishop H. Potter. His advance- ment to the priesthood took place in Christ Church, Oswego, N. Y., June 16, 1867, by Bishop Coxe. After spending six years in the charge of Grace Church, Carthage, X. Y., he became rector of Trinity Church, Watertown, N. Y., in which position he continued until his election to the missionary episcopate of Montana. His alma mater conferred upon him the doctorate in divinity in 1881. He was consecrated in his parish church, Dec. 8, 1880, by Bishops Huntington, Tuttle, Bissell, and B. H. Paddock. Bishop Brewer's episcopate has been full of labors and is not wanting in success. He brought to his work every intellectual and physical qualification for a sagacious and conservative administration. In a frontier juris- diction and amid a ])opulation ditficult to reach and influence in spiritual things, he has made a record of success of which the Church has no reasun to be ashamed. On the foundations he has laid he is now witnessing the uprising of the fair and stately " City of God." WiiKKS. — Missionary reports, addresses, and appeals. 267 RIGHT REVEREND JOHN ADAMS PADDCCK, D.D. John Hbains pabbock. The son of a clergyman honored antl remembered in his field of work, tlie brother ot the godly and able bishop (}f Massachusetts, John Adams Paddock, missionary bishop of Washington Territory, and the first bishop of the see of Olympia, in the State of Wash- ington, was b(jrn in Norwich, Cnnn., Jan. 19, 1825. He was graduated at Trinity College in the class of 1845, 'I'l'^l 'it the General Theological Seminary in 1849. I^e was ordered deacon in St. Peter's, Cheshire, Conn., July 22, 1849, by Bishop Brownell, who priested him in Christ Church, Stratford, April 30, 1850. He held but two pastoral charges. For five years and a half he served at the historic Christ Chui'ch, Stratford. In 1855 he became rec- tor of St. Peter's, Brooklyn, N. \'., in which position he remained until raised to the episcopate. He was a member of the standing committee of Long Island from the time of the organization of the diocese until his consecration. His zeal for missions was shown by his faithful and long-continued service on the foreign committee of the Board of Missions. Trinity College conferred upon him his divinity doctorate in i860. He was consecrated missionary bishop of Washington Territory in his parish church in Brooklyn, Dec. 15, 1880, by Bishops Bos- worth Smith, A. Lee, H. Potter, Stevens, Tuttle, B. H. Paddock, Scarborough, Penick, and Seymour. His missionary episcopate was marked by a phenomenal development in the material prosperity of the see, as well as by abundant spiritual gains. He founded the Annie C. Wright School for girls, a school for boys, a college, a hos- pital, and other Church and charitable institutions. He was a wise and active master-builder, and his work, now that he has passed awa_\', will be had in everlasting remembrance. He died, after a long and painful illness, in Tacoma, Wash., March 4, 1894. WciRKs. — I. " IIi-.tnry of Christ Church, Hartford, Conn." ; 2. Tentli anniversary ser- mon at St. Peter's Church, Brooklyn ; 3. Address before tlie House of Convocation, Trin- ity College, Hartford: 4. Occasional sermons, missionary reports and jiapers, episcopal addresses, pastorals, etc. RIGHT REVEREND CORTLANDT WHITEHEAD, D.D. Covtlaiibt Mbitcbcab, The successor of the erudite anci acconiplishetl Kerf(.)ot was born iit New York, Oct. 30, 1842. Prepared for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, where he was graduated in 1859, he entered Yale the same year, and took his A.B. in 1863. His theological course was taken at the Phila- delphia Di\'init)- Schixil, where he was graduated in 1867. He received deacon's orders in Trinity Church, Newark, N. J., June 21, 1867, and was ordained priest in St. Mark's Chapel, Plack Hawk, Colo., Aug. 8, 1868, by Bishop Randall. Devoting his early ministry to the western mission field, he ser\-ed for three )'ears in Colorado. Returning to the liast, he became rector of the Church of the Nati\ity, South Bethlehem, Pa., which position he held until his election to the episcopate. He was one of the secretaries of the Diocesan Convention of Central Pennsylvania, 1871-82, and was a deputy to the General Convention from the same diocese in 1 87 1 and in 1880. He received his doctorate in di\inity from Union in 18S0, from Hobart in 1887, and from St. Stephen's in 1S90. He was consecrated bishop of Pittsburg in Trinity Church, Pitts- burg, Jan. 25, 1882, by Bishops Stevens, Bedell, M. A. De Wolfe Howe, Scarborough, Peterkin, and the bishop of Huron, Out.. Dr. Helmuth. Of distinguished Re\'olutionary and colonial ancestry, a graceful writer, a scholar of the highest culture, a sound theologian, a con- servative Churchman, and a genial, impartial, great-hearted bishop of souls, Whitehead's episcopate has been from the first specially blessed of God. He is beloved by all men, and the successes of his past give promise of a brilliant future. Works. — Sermons and addresses, missionary reports and papers. RIGHT REVEREND HIGH MILLER THOMPSON, D.D., LL.D. 1f3iu3b HDillcv XTboinpson. The successor to the apostolic Green, in Mississippi, was born in the county of Londonderry, Ireland, June 5, 1830. His parents emigrated to the United States during his ciiildhood, and he was fitted for college by private instructors at Cle\eland, O. He studied for orders at Nashotah House, Wisconsin, and was ad- mitted to the diaconate in Nashutah Chapel, June 6, 1852, by Bishop Kemper, who advanced him to the priesthood in St. John's Church, Portage, Wis., Aug. 31, 1856. His successive cures were Grace Church, Madison, Wis. ; the Xati\ity, Ma\'sville, Ky. ; the missions at Portage and Baraboo, Wis. ; St. John's, p^lkhorii, Wis. ; the Atone- ment, Milwaukee ; St. Matthew's,Kenosha, \\ is. ; Grace, Galena, 111. ; St. James's, Chicago ; Christ, New York ; and Trinity, New Orleans. In i860 he became professor of ecclesiastical history at Nashotah House, which position he held together with his recti irship in Ken- osha. Here he founileil Kemper Hall, a seminary foi' girls, still maintained with success. .At the same time he liecame etlitor of the " .American Churchman," whicli during the decade of its exis- tence wielded a great inlluence. He was editor of the " Church Journal," New York (which had been consolidated with the " Gos- ])el Messenger" of Syracuse, N. Y.), 1872-75. He receixcd the diictorate in divinity from Hobart, 1863, and the dnctcnate of laws from the University of Mississippi. He was consecrated bishop-coadjutor in his parish church. New Orleans, Feb. 24, 1883, by Bishops Green, R. H. Wilmer, Harris, and Galleher. In 1887, he became the Diocesan. His ci>iscopate iias l:)een successful in the revival of a measuie of the ante-helhuTl prosperity and in the fostering of new ventures. His rare ability and varied gifts, his jjowers as a metaplu-sician, a theologian, a scholar of wide attainments, and a reasoner, ha\c been recognized at home and abroad, lie is an impressi\e and oriL;iiial ])reachcr, and a writer of taste and strength. Works. — I. " L'nitv an.l its Restoration "; 2. " Sin and I'cnalty " : ^ " ]<'irst I'rin- ciplfs " ; 4. ■' Tlif ICingiiom of GotI " ; 5. " .Misolutiun " (second c.lition,' 1894) ; 6. ■' Is Romanism the Best Relijjion for the Republic?"; 7. " Copy; Essays from an Editor's Drawer" (1872, many editions) ; 8. "The World and tlie I,os;os " (Bedell Lectures, No. 3, 1886); 9. "The World and the Kingdom" (Bishop Paddock Lectures, iSSS) ; 10. " The World and the M.in " (Baldwin Lectures, iSqo) ; 11. "The Worlil and the Wrestlers; Personality and Responsibility" (Bohlen Lectures, 1895); 12. Sermons, ad- dresses, lectures, pastorals, etc. PIGHT REVEREND DAVID BUEl, KNICKERBACKER, D.D. IDavib Bud Hxnichcrbachcv. Till", third incumbent of the see which, held ji liiitK" with Missouri by Kemper as a missionary juristiiction, had numbered Upfohl and Talbot as its diocesans, was born at Schat;hticoke, N. Y., Feb. 24, 1833- He was graduated at Trinity College, 1S53, and at the General Theological Seminary, 1856. He received deac(.>n's ortlers in Trin- ity Church, New York, June 29, 1856, from Bishop H. Totter, and was advanced to the priesthood in Gethsemane Church, Minneapolis, July 12, 1857, by Bishop Kemper. His sole rectorate was that of Gethsemane Church, in which he was priested, and from which he was called, after a quarter-century's work, to the office and admin- istration of a bishop in the Church of Gud. He was a deput}' to succcessive General Conventions, and a member of the standing committee of Minnesota, for more than twenty years. He was the founder of St. Barnabas's Hospital and of the Orphans' Home in Minneapolis, and was acti\'e in the development of the Church in and about Minneapolis, which during his rectorate grew from a \il- lage of five hundred souls into a cit\' with nearly one hundred thou- sand inhabitants. Trinit}- Ci)]lege conferred u])on him the doctorate in divinity in 1873. He was consecrated bishop of Indiana in St. Mark's Church, Philadelphia, Oct. 14, 1883, by l^ishops Coxe, Whipple, Robertson, Niles, Lyman, Scarborough, Gillespie, and Seymour, together with the Most Re\-. Dr. Medle\', bishop of Fredericton and metropol- itan. Knickerbacker threw himself into the work of the diocese with the activity and earnestness which had marked his rectorate. He founded educational and charitable institutions, secured entlow- ments, and gave himself in tireless labor to the work of the Church inider his charge. Spared to see great results of his exertions, and winning the regard and love of all men, he died suddenly, at Indianapolis, Dec. 31, 1894, and the laments of all good men followed his body to its burial. Works. — i. Parish reports and papers ; 2. Kpi.scopal addresses, jiasturals, and sermons. KIGHT REVEREND HENRY CODMAN POTTER, D.D., I.I..D., D.C.L. 1f3cnr^ Co^nlan pottcv. The son fif the great bishop of I'ennsyhania, and the coadjutor and successor of his venerable uncle, the fifth bishop of New York, Henry Codman Potter was born in Schenectad}-, N. Y., May 25, 1835. Educated in the Episcopal Academy, Philadelphia, he entered upon a business career, which after a few months he abandoned for a course of preparation for holy orders. He was graduated at the Virginia Theological Seminary, 1S37. He \\as admitted to the diaconate in St. Luke's Church, l'hiladeli.)liia, Ala_\' 2~i , 1857, by his father, Bishop Alonzo Potter. He receixeil priest's orders in Trin- ity Church, Pittsburg, Oct., 15, 1858, from the bishop-coadjut()r, Dr. Samuel Bowman. His successi\e pastorates were at Christ Church, Greensburg, Pa., 1857, 1858; St. John's, Troy, N. Y., 1859—66; Trinit}', Boston, as assistant on the Greene P'oundation ; and 1866-68, rector of Grace Church, New \'ork, in which position he remained until his election to the coadjutor episcopate. He was the secretary of the House of Bishops from 1865 to 1883. He re- fused the presidency of Kenyon in 1863, and the bishopric of Iowa in 1875. He recei\ed from I'nion College the degrees of A.M. in 1863, IJ.D. in 1865, and LL.l). in 1878. lie has also the D.D. from Har\'ard and the Uni\ersit\" of O.xford. J'^ngland, and an LL.D. from the University of Cambridge, England. Dr. Potter was c<:>nsecrated October 20, 1883, in his parish church in New York, by Bishops Bosworth Smith, J. Williams, Clark, Whipple, Stevens, Littlejohn, Doane, and Huntington. He became diocesan in 1887. He has specially signalized his episcopate by the establishment of the Cathedral of St. John the Di\ine, and the found- ing and furthering of institutions and Church charities of the widest possible influence for good. Indefatigable in labor, cultured, toler- ant, anil sagacious, the bishop's efforts ha\e btx-n fairly di\'ided among all classes and conditions ol nien. I'.xen the " slums " of the great cit}' o\er which he has the sjjii'itual rule ha\e recei\'ed his personal attention; and his residence for a time in " darkest" New York will be remembered exeu when his shining abilities and his abundant ser\-ices to the Church and State have ])assed fiom mind. WiiKKS. — I. " Thirty Years Reviewed"; 2. " Our Threefold Victory " : 3. "Young Men's Christian Associations and their Work"; 4. "The Cliurch and her Children"; 5. "The Relitjion for To-day"; 6. "Sisterhoods and Deaconesses " (1S71) : 7. " Tlie Ciates of tl>e h'.ast " (1S76): S. " Sermon^ of tlie City" (iSSi); 9. Chari;e on "The Offices of Wardens and Vestrvinen " ; 10. " Wayinarlral.s. 285 ^^^ RIGHT REVEREND NELSON SO.WERVILLE RULISON, D.D. 1Flcl8on Soincvvillc IRulieon. Bf)KN in Carthage, N. Y., April 24, 1842, Riilison received his education at the Gouverneur Academy ui his nati\e place, and at the General Theological Seminar}', from which he was graduated in the class of 1866. He was made a deacon in Grace Church, Utica, N. Y., Ma\' 27, 1866, by Bishop Coxe, and received the priesthood from Bishop Horatio Potter in the Church of the Annunciation, New York, Nov. 30, 1866. His ministr)' was spent at the Annunciation, New York, as assistant minister; at Ziun Church, Morris, N. Y. ; St. John's, Jersey City, N. J. ; and St. Paul's, Cle\eland, O. He was a deputy to the General Ci>n\'entiiin from the diocese of Ohio, and was a mem- ber of the standing committee. He receixed the doctorate in divinity from Kenyon in 1879. He was consecrated bishop coadjutor of Central Pennsylvania in St. Paul's, Cleveland, O,, Oct. 28, 1884, by Bishops Bedell', Stevens, M. A, De W'olfe Howe, Jaggar, McLaren, Harris, Whitehead, and Knickerbacker. On the death of Bishop Howe, July 31, 1895, Bishop Rnlison became the diocesan in fact, although Bishop Howe had in 1889 practically withdrawn from the episcopal o\'ersight of the diocese, and had made his coailjutnr the ecclesiastical authority of the see. Bishop Rulison has been specially interested in the educational and missionary work of the see, anil by his zeal and earnestness has achieved marked successes. Wc.iKKS. — I. " Ili'-toiy of .St. Paul's Churcli, Cleveland, <'."; 2. Baldwin Lectures, (^■^95); 3- ^'ecasional sernmns, episcopal addresses, and essays. 287 RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM PARET, D.D., LL.D. MilUatn Ipavct. On the death of the devout and excellent Pinkney the Conven- tion of the diocese of Maryland chose as the sixth bishop of the see the rector of the largest parish in the capital city, whose parochial successes had long before marked him for the episcopate. William Paret was born in New York, Sept. 23, 1826. He was graduated from Hobart in the class of 1849, and pursued his studies for holy orders under the direction of the great De Lancey. He was made a deacon in Trinity Church, Geneva, July 2, 1852, by Bishop Carlton Chase, and received priest's orders from Bishop De Lancey in Grace Church, Rochester, June 28, 1853. His ministry was spent successi\ely at St. John's, Clyde, N. Y. ; Zion, Pierrepont Manor, X. Y. ; St. Paul's, East Saginaw, Mich. ; Trinity, Elmira, N. Y. ; Christ Church, W'illiamsport, Pa. ; and the Church of the Epiphany, Washington, D. C. His alma mater conferred ui)on him the degree of D.D. in 1867, and that uf LL.D. in 1886. He was consecrated the sixth bishop of Maryland in his parish church, Jan. 8, 1885, by Bishops Alfred Lee, Lay, Ste\ens, Neely, W. B. W. Howe, Lyman, Perry, R. W. B. Elliott, and Whitehead. His episcopate has been marked by abundant labors and unusual successes. A wise administrator, sound and conservative in his judgments, a theologian, a canonist, a scholar, and preeminently a man of business and affairs, he has stamped the impress of a strong will and a masterful mind upon his see. WiiRKS. — I. " St. Peter anil the Primacy " (lecture before the Church Club of New York); 2. Canonical digests, charges, and sermons. 289 RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE WORTHINGTON, D.D., I.L.D. (Bcoroc Movtbiiujton. The successor of the dex'oted ClarksDii in the see of Nebraska was born in Lenox, Mass., Oct. 14, 1840. He was graduated at Hobart College in the class of I S60, and at the General Theological Seminary in 1863. He was admitted t(i the diaconate in the Church nf the Annunciation, New York, June 28, 1863, by Bishiip jlinatin r<.>tter, who advanced him to the priesthood in the Church of the Transfiguration, Jan. 2g, 1864. His successi\'e charges were St. Paul's, Troy, N. Y., as assistant; Christ Church, Ballston Spa, N. \'. ; and .St. John's, Detroit, Mich. At St. lohn's he remained for seventeen years, ministering to an attached and devoted congregation, and ha\ing one of the largest communicant lists in the Church. While exercising his priesthood uniler circumstances of such an exceptional character he was a deputy to the General Convention from Michigan, the president of the standing committee, and exam- ining chaplain of the bishop, and a leader in all Church activities in the city and in the diocese. During the \'acancy of the see, 1878— 79, he was twice nominated b}- the clerical vote to the episcopate of Michigan, but the lait_\' failed to cnnfirm this choice. In 1888 the House of Bishops appninted him missionary bishop to China, but he declined this election, as he did that of the diocese of Nebraska in 1884. Dr. Worthington recei\'ed his degrees in tli\in- ity and laws from Hobart College. Later he accepted the Nebraska see, and was consecrated in his parish church in Detroit, Feb. 24, 1885, by Bishops Coxe, Hare, Gil- lespie, McLaren, Perry, Seymour, Harris, and H. C. Potter. His administration has been marked by a great development in the ma- terial and spiritual afTairs of the see. Its rapid growth under the laborious oversight of its head led to the creation in 1889, out of the western part of the diocese, of the missionary jurisdiction of The Platte. The bishop is tlexnted to his see, wise and sagacious in his judgments, conservative in his Churchmanship, and impresses clergy and laity alike with his consecration to the work of the ministry and to the advance of the cause and Church of Christ. Works. — Episcopal ail.lresses and uccasional disciiur.ses, essays, reviews, etc. ,^ \> '/■ m RIGHT REVEREND SAMUEL DAVID FERGUSON, D.D. Sanuicl IDavib jFcvouson. The successor of Payne, Auer, and Penick in the missionary see of Cape Palmas and parts adjacent on the west coast of Africa was born in Charleston, S. C, Jan. i, 1842. His parents, on emigrating ti) Liberia, placed him in the mission Church schools under the charge of the Rev. C. C. Hoffman. His studies in theology were pursued under the charge of the mission clergy, with the oversight of tlie first bishop of Cape Palmas and the Rev. (afterward Bishop) J. G. Auer. Bishop Payne admitted him to the diaconate in St. Mark's, Cape Palmas, Dec. 31, 1865, and ad\-anced him to the priesthood, March 15, 1867, in Trinity Church, Monrovia. In 1885 Kenyon conferred upon him the doc- torate in dixinity. He was consecrated missionary bisliop, June 24, 1885, in Grace Church, New York, b_\- Bishops AU'red Lee. Stevens, Littlejohn, Starkey, and H. C. Potter. WnRKS. — Missionary repovt^, episcopal addresses, appeals, and pamphlets. RIGHT REVEREND EDWIN GARDNER WEED, D.D. lE^\vin (3arbncv Mecb. Born in Savannah, Ga., Jul\- 23, 1847, the successor of Rutledge and Young was educated at first at the University of Georgia, and tiien at the University of Berlin, Germany, and studied for holy iirisi.'ii>;il addreises, occasiunal sermim.s, reports, a)ipeal.s, etc. RIGHT REVERHND MAHLON NORRIS GILBERT, D.D. m^ablon IRovvis Gilbert The first bishop-coadjutor appointed for the see of ^Minnesota was born in Laurens, Otsego County, N. Y., March 2,^ 1848. He received liis education at Hobart, which he was compelled to leave in the junior year, in consequence of ill health. After an in- terval of health-seeking and teaching, he resumed his studies and prepared for orders at the Seabury Divinity School. He was ad- mitted to the diaconate in the cathedral, Faribault, Minn., June 20, 1875, by Bishop Whipple. He was advanced to the priesthood in St. James's Church, Deer Lodge, Mont., Oct. 17, 1875, by Bishop Tuttle. His ministry was spent at Deer Lodge and Helena, Mont., and at Christ Church, St. Paul, Minn., where he was rector when elected to the coadjutor bishopric. His degrees in divinity were received from Hobart, Seabury, and Racine. He was consecrated in St. James's Church, Chicago, C)ct. 1 7. 1886, by Bishops Alfred Lee, Bedell, Whipple, Co.xe, Doane, Tut- tle, Brewer, Knickerbacker, and H. C. Potter. His episcopate has been vigorous, impartial, and marked with success. Works. — Missionary reports, episcopal addresses, etc. ^V^"-'^^ RIGHT REVEREND ELISHA SMITH THOMAS, D.D. lElisba Sinitb Xlbontae. The coadjutor and successor of the excellent and de\-oted Vail in the see of Kansas was born at Wickford, R. I., ]\Iarch 2, 1834. He was graduated at Yale in the class of 185S, and at the Ber- keley Div'inity School in 1861. He received deacon's orders in the parish church of his natixe tnun. May 17, 1861, from Bishop Clark, and was advanced to the priesthood by Bishop Williams in St. Paul's Church. New Haven, Conn.. April 5, 1862. His ministry was spent at St. Paul's, New Ha\en ; as rector of the Seabury Divin- ity School, Faribault. Minn. ; at St. Mark's, Minneapolis ; and at St. Paul's, St. Paul. His doctorate in divinity was conferred upon him by his alma mater, Yale, by Seabury, and by Kenyon, all in 1887. His consecration as assistant bishop of Kansas took place at his parish church in St. I'aul. May 4. 1887. His consecrators were Bishops Whipple, \'ail. Tuttle, Brown, Knickerbacker, and Gilbert. On the death of Bishop Vail, ( )ct. (>. 1889, he succeeded as diocesan. He died March 9, 1895. Bishop Thomas was a scholar of rare attainments, a metaphysi- cian, a theologian, and a man of wide and varied culture. His early death depri\-ed the Church in Kansas and at large of a man of promise, a true-hearted and dexotcd bishop of the Church of God. Works.— I. "Thelntcllectu.il Dem.ina for Gmr'; 2. " The .\pocalypie " : 3. Es- says, addresses, pastorale, sermons, etc. RIGHT REVEREND ETHELBERT TALBOT, D.D., L1..D. lEtbclbcvt Talbot The first bishop of the see of Wyoming' and Idaho was a native of Missouri, and was born at Fayette, in that State, Oct. 9, 1848. He was graduated at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., in the class of 1870, and received his degree of S.T.ll from the General Theological Seminary on his graduation in 1873. He was ordered deacon on St. Peter's ilay, June 29, 1873, at the Church of the Transfiguration, New York, by Bishop Robertson. He was ad- vanced to the priesthood by the same bishop, in St. Mar_\''s Church, at his birthplace, Fayette, Nov. 4, 1874. From 1873 to 1887 he was rector of St. James's, Macon City, Mo., and of St. James's Mili- tary Academy in the same place, of which he was the founder. He received the degrees of S.T. D. from the General Theological Sem- inary in 1887, the D.D. from Dartmouth and the LL.D. from the University of Missouri. He was consecrated to the missionary episcopate of Wyoming and Idaho in Christ Church, St. Louis, May 27, 1S87, by Bishops W'hipple, Ouintartl, Tuttle, Spalding, Perry, Burgess, and Seymour. He visited England to attend the Missionary Conference of the Church of England in London in 1894, where his eloquence aiul his inimitable recitals of missionary incident and adventure won for liim friends everywhere. Bishop Talbot has refused opportunities for translation, and has remained with his clergy in the mission field to which the Church has sent him. He has been abundant in labors and has laid broad foundations. Cathedral, hospital, churches, and schools have been provided for this distant field, antl the work has been signally blessed. Works. — Educational pamphlets, missionary papers and reports, aiKlrcsses abroad and at home, pastorals, appeals, sermons, etc. ^.Jtes^ ¥ RIGHT REVEREND JAMES STEPTOE JOHNSTON, D.D. Janic8 Stcptoc Johnston. BOKN at Cluirch Hill, Jefferson County, Miss., June 9, 184^, the successor of the lamented Mlliott was educated at Oakland College, Miss., and at the University of Virginia. At tile breaking out of tiie war he entered the Confederate army, receiving a commission ere tlie close of the struggle. After a full course of stud_\- for the profession of the law and admission to the bar, he turned his thoughts tnward the sacred ministr\-, and was admitted to holy orders in Christ Church, Vicksburg, Miss., Dec. 22, l86y, In- I^ishop Green, who pricstetl him in Trinit}-, Natchez, April 30, 1871. His ministerial work was spent at St. James's Church, Port Gibson, Miss., 1870-76; the Ascension, Mount Ster- Hng, Ky., 1866-80; and Trinity, Mobile, Ala., 1880-88. He re- ceived the doctorate in divinit\- from tlie Uni\-ersity of the S(.)uth in 1888. He was consecrated missiiuiar)' bislnip <;>f Western Texas, in Trinity, Mobile, his parish church, Jan. 6, 1888, b\- Bishops R. H. Wilmer, Dudle}', Harris, Galleher, and Thompson. His episcopate lias been signalized by the de\elopment of the Church educational institutions of the diocese, the increase in tlie number of the workers, and the consequent adwince of the work, and b)- his self-denying and untiring labors. Wi.)RKS. — Mis.sionary reports and appeals, sermons and adtlresses. >»^ RIGHT REVEREND ABIEL LEONARD, D.D. Hbicl Xconavb. The first missionary bishop of W\-omin;j; and Idaho, Dr. luhel- bert Talbot, and the second incumbent of the missionary see of Nevada and Utali, Dr. Leonard, were born in the same town of Fayette, Mo., were prepared for college at the same schools, were graduated, at the same time and from the same classes, at Dart- mouth and the General Theological Seminary, were ordained to the diaconate and priesthood at the same time, and their jurisdictions are side by side. Abiel Leonard was born Jmie 20, 1848, and was a member of the class of 1870 at Dartmouth, and of the class of 1873 at the General Theological Seminar}-. He was ordered deacon in the Church of the Transfiguration, New York, June 29, 1873, by Bishop Robertson, who advanced him to the priesthood in St. Mary's, Fayette, Mo., Nov. 4, 1874. He served successi\ely as rector of Calvary Church, Sedalia, Mo., Trinity, ILuinihal, Mo., and Trinity, Atchison, Kan., occupying, besides, prominent positions in the dioceses where he served, and giving promise, in his abundant and efficient work, of his future ele\-ation to the episcopate. He received the doctorate in divinity from Griswold College, Davenport, la., and from Bethany, Topeka, Kan., in 1887. He was consecrated missionary bishop (jf Nevada and Utah in Christ Church, St. Louis, Jan. 25, t888, by Bishops Vail, Ouintard, Tuttle, Perry, Burgess, Seymour, Walker, Thomas, and Talbot. The General Convention of 1895 increased his cares by temporarily adding Western Colorado to his jurisdiction, with a change in his style to "bishop of Nevada, Utah, and Western Colorado." His work has been devoted and successful. Under his wise adminis- tration foundations have been laid and results attained which will make the episcopate of Bishojj Leonard memorable for all time to come. WciKKS. — Serniuns, addresses, etc. f! ?f IN RIGHT REVEREND I.EIGHTON COLEMAN, D.D., LL.D. Xciobton Coleman. The successor of Alfred Lee in the see of Delaware was born Mav 3, I S3 7, in Philadelphia, in which city his father was rector of Trinity Church. Southwark, and the etlitor of the " Banner of the Cross." His early studies were pursued at the Episcopal Academy, Phila- delphia, in preparation for a busniess career in mercantile life. iJe- termining on entering the ministry, he took his course of study at the General Theological Seminary, where he was graduated in 1 861. Before his graduation he was admitted to the diaconate in .St. James's, Philadelphia, July I, 1S60, by Bishop Alonzo Putter, who advanced him to priest's orders in the Memorial Church of the Beloved Physician, Bustleton, I'a., Alay 15, icShi. His ministerial work was rendered at St. Luke's, Bustleton, ip of Delaware in St. John's Church, Wilmington, Oct. 18, 1889, by Bishops M. A. De Wolfe Howe, Whitaker, Ailams, Scarborough, Whitehead, and Rulison. During Dr. Coleman's residence abroad he was busily engaged in Church work, and while in Oxford was for several years a diocesan organizing secretary of the Church of England Temperance Society. His interest in all Church activities, whether reformatory, eleemosy- nary, missionary, educational, or moral, is great ; and his services in their behalf ha\e been most abundant. He is devoted to the work of the ministry, an earnest and conser\ative Churchman, a well-reail anil cultured student, and a man of great personal mag- netism and charming address. He is a careful investigator of our American ecclesiastical history, and his literary work has been largely in this department of letters. WoKKs. — I. " The History of tlie Lehigh Valley" (two editions) ; 2. " The Church in .\merica" (London, 1.S95) ; j. Sermons, episcopal addresses, pastorals, essays, etc. 307 RIGHT REVEREND JOHN .WILLS KENDRICK, D.D. 5obn mMlle 1[ru6 J^rcbcrich Hxuitjbt. The successor of the self-denying and apostolic Welles in the see of Milwaukee was born in Boston, March 28, 1831. His education was pursued at Burlington and Harvard colleges, and his theological course was taken at the General Theological Seminary, where he was graduated in the class of 1854. He re- ceived deacon's orders in Trinity Church, New York, July 2, 1854, from Bishop Wainwright. He was priested by Bishop Alonzo Potter in St. Luke's Church, Germantown, Pa., May 18, 1856. During his diaconate he was assistant at St. Luke's, Germantown. After his advancement to priest's orders he spent some time in travel abroad, and then assumed the rectorship of St. Mark's, in his native city, where he remained ten years. Called to the Church of the Incarnation (subsequently known as St. James's) in Hartford, Conn., he continued in charge of that parish until 1877, when he became rector of St. James's, Lancaster, Pa. He was a deputy to the General Convention from Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Cen- tral Pennsylvania, during a period of nearly a quarter of a century. He was a member of the standing committee of the diocese of Central Pennsylvania, and twice visited the Triennial Synod of the Church in Canada as a representative from the American Church. He received his degrees in divinity from Bethany College, Kansas, in 1880, and from Racine in 1S90. In 1885 he was made D.C.L. by the University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec. He was consecrated bishop of Milwaukee in All Saints' Cathe- dral, Milwaukee, March 26, i88g, by Bishops McLaren, Perry, A. Burgess, Seymour, Walker, and Gilbert. His episcopate was full of labors, and his work met with a measure of success. Cir- cumstances over which he had no control, and for which he was in no sense responsible, minimized the results of an absorbing zeal and the consecration of every power for the good of the Church of Christ. He fell asleep in Milwaukee, June 8, i8gi, mourned b)- his people and the Church he loved and laboretl for till death. His works follow him. Works. — i. "The Peace of Jerusalem: .\ Plea for Unity"; 2. "The Reptiles of Florida"; 3. Sermons, addresses, pastorals, etc. N RIGHT REVEREND CHARLES CHAPMAN GRAFTON, D.D. Cbarlce Chapman (3vatton. The successor oi Hobart Brown in the see of I'ond du Lac was born in Boston, April 12, 1S32, and was educated in the Boston Latin School. He enteretl the Harx'ard Law School, where he recei\ed the degree of LL.B. ; but abandoned his profession and, remo\ing to Maryland, pursued theological studies under Whittingham. He received deacon's orders in St. Peter's, EUicdtt's Mills, Md., Dec. 23, 1855. from Whittingham, who priested him in St. Paul's, Balti- more, May 30, 1858. During his diaconate he was a curate at Reis- terstown, Md., and a mission worker in Baltimore. When priested he served as curate at St. Paul's and as chaplain of the Mar3-land deaconesses. In 1865, ha\'ing declined the rectorship of St. Peter's, Phila- delphia, he visited Lngland, with the approval of his diocesan, for the purpose of organizing a society like the religious orders of the past. This mission was successful in inaugurating the Society of St. John the Evangelist, of which the Rev. R. M. Benson was the first superior. Returning to America, he accepted the rectorship of the Church of the Advent, Boston, where the work of the " Cowley Fathers" was successfully prosecuted for ten years. In 18S2 all the American priests of the society save one were released from obedience to the English superior, hi 1888 Grafton resigned his rectorship where he had introduced two sisterhoods. He estab- lished in Providence, R. L, the Sisterhood of the Holy Nativity. In 1889 he receixed a D.D. from Racine. He was consecrated in the Fond du Lac cathedral, Ajiril 25, 1889, by Bishops McLaren, A. Burgess, Se_\nic>ui, Knickerbacker, Gilbert, and Knight. His episcopate, in a fmnticr diocese and among peoples from " e\-ery natiim under hea\en," has been full of self-denying labors. He has impressed upon all the conviction of saintliness, devotion, theological acumen, and personal charm. He is Catholic in doctrine, " advanced," a persuasive preacher, a con- cise and convincing writer, and a man of afTairs. WnRKs. — I. ■' Vocation ; or. The Call of [lie Divine Master to a Sister's Life " ( 1886I ; 2. " Plain -Suggestions for a I\e\'erent Celel^ration of the Holv Conimunii)n " : 3. Ser- mons, appeals, etc. RIGHT REVERHND WILLIAM ANDREW LEONARD, D.D. Milliam Hiibrcw Xeonavb. Born at Southport, Conn., July 15, 1848, and educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., St. Stephen's College, Annandale, N. Y., and at the Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn., Leonard was ordered deacon in Trinity, Middletown, May 30, 1871, by Bishop Williams, who made him a priest in St. John's, Stamford, Conn,, July 21, 1873. His ministerial charges were a curacy at tlie Holy Trinitv, Brook- lyn, the rectorship of the Church of the Redeemer, in the same city, and the rectorship of St. John's, Washington, D. C. In 1880 he was nominated by the House of Bishops to the lower house for the missionary episcopate of Washington Territory, but he declined the appointment. In 1888 he was elected bishop coadjutor of Southern Ohio, which dignit}' he refused to accept. He received the doctorate in di\-init_\' fn.im Washington and Lee L^niversity, 1885, and fnmi .St. Stephen's, 1888. He was consecrated bishop of Ohio (Bishop Bedell ha\-ing re- signed his title as well as his see) in St Thomas's Church, New York, Oct. 12, 1889, by Bishops Williams, Whipple, Neely, \V. C. Doane, Whitehead, Paret, Vincent, and the bishop of Nova Scotia, Dr. Frederick Courtney. He entered upon liis work with the \-igor and good judgment which had marked his priesthood. He has laid the foundations of the cathedral of his see ; has developed its institutions, both charitable anil educational ; and has inspired into all departments of Church work the earnest spirit and deter- mination which cannot fail of success. He is conser\"ati\"e in his opinions, an attracti\-e preacher, a well-read student, and a man of afTairs. His attitutle in the trial of a presb\-ter who had " denied the faith " has won for him the confidence as well as the gratitude of the Church; and the see of ( )hio cannrit but ad\ance under the faithful and acceptable ministrations of one so de\'out, so g<->dly, and so inflexibly just. Works. — i. " Via Sacra; or, Footprints of Christ " (.lescriptive of tlie great themes of Holy Week; with an Introduction by C. H. Hall, 1875); 2. " Brief History of the Christian Church " (1883, four editions) ; 3. " .\ Faithful Life"; 4. " The Witness of the American Church to I'ure Christianity " (Bedell Lectures for 1893) ; 5. Sermons, ad- dresses, essays, pastorals, etc. 1^ *^ % RIGHT REVEREND THOMAS FREDERICK DAVIES, D.D., LL.D. ITboinae jFvcbcvich IDavics. The successor of the lamented Harris in the see i)f ]\Iicliigan was a native of Fairfield, Conn., wiiere lie was born Auy. 31, 1831. He was j^raduated at Yale in the class of 1853, and at the Ber- keley Divinity School in 1856. He received deacon's orders in Christ Church, Middletown, Conn,, May 18, 1856, from Bishop Williams, who advanced him tn the priesthood in the same church, May 2"], 1857. He filled successivel}- the posts of professor of He- brew in the Berkelev Di\inity School, rector of St. John's Church, Portsmouth, N. H.. and of St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia. He was for a number of years a member of the standing committee of Penn- sylvania, and from time to time deput\- to the General Convention from that diocese. He received the doctorate in divinity from the University of Pennsylvania in 1876, and the doctorate of laws from Hobart in 1889. He was consecratetl bishop iif Michigan in his parish church, St. Peter's, Philadelphia, Oct. iS, 1889, b\- Bishops Williams, Whipple, Tuttle, Whitaker, Gillespie, Scarborough, Worthington, and H. C. Potter. Bishop Davies is a widel_\" read theologian, a scholar of rare attainments, a man of great intellectual ability, an excellent and impressive preacher, a cultured and charming writer, and an ad- ministrator at once impartial, conservati\-e, and judicious. He is a thorough Churchman, an excellent canonist, and a careful and just judge. Entering upon a see which has had men of varied powers and gifts at its head, he has won the respect and regard of all men, and has given full proof of his ministry as a faithful and de\"out bishop of the Church of God. Works. — Parish papers, occasional sermons, episcopal ailiiresses. pastorals, ami other official papers. ^ RIGHT REVEREND ANSON ROGERS GRAVES, D.D., LL.D. Hnson IRoocrs Graves. The first incumbent uf the see of The Platte, created in 1S89 by the formation of Western Nebraska into a missionary jurisdic- tion, was born in Wells, Rutland County, \'t., April 13, 1842. He was a scion of Puritan stock, his ancestors having emigrated from the mother-land about 1640, settling first in Hartford, Conn., and then in Hadley, Mass. He was graduated at Hobart, 1866, and at the General Theolog- ical Seminary, 1869. He received deacon's orders at the Church of the Transfiguration, New York, July 2, 1 870, from Bishop Horatio Potter. He was priested by Bishop Littlejohn, June 4, 1871, in Holy Trinity Church, Brookl\'n. His ministry was spent, after a little more than a year's curacy at Grace Church, Brooklyn, in the middle West, where he held successively the rectorship of St. Luke's, Plattsmouth, Neb., the curacy of Gethsemane, ]\Iinneapolis, and the rectorship of All Saints', Northfield, Minn. He was afterward rector of All Saints', Littleton, N. H., St. Peters, Bennington, Vt., and the Church of Gethsemane, Minneapolis, where he remained until his consecration. He was elected to the missionary jurisdiction of The Platte by the Church in General Con\cntion in 1889, and was consecrated in his parish church, Jan. i, 1890, by I5ishops Tattle, Hare, A. Bur- gess, Knickerbacker, Gilbert, and Knight. He has made a note- worthy success under the most discouraging circumstances by his patient and persistent watchfulness over the interests of his juris- diction. He visits his missions twice in each year. Organizing no parishes, he has increased threefold the number of stations and com- municants in the first five years of his episcopate. As a man of sound practical judgment, good scholarship, devotion to his work, and wisdom in executive administration. Bishop Graves has already impressed himself upon his see and gained the promise of a speedy and lasting success. Wdrk^. — Tracts, sermons, niissioiiary reptirts, addresses, etc. Bishop Graves originated and, with the cooperation of others, prepared the tract entitled " The Church and her Ways," of which more than a quarter of a million copies have been sold. RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM FORD NICHOLS, D.D. Milliam foxb IRicbols. The coadjutor and successor to the accomplished and intellectual William Inyraham Kip was born at Lloyd, Ulster Ccrmons, historical sketches, addresses, reviews, pastorals, etc. RIGHT REVEREND EDWARD ROBERT ATWIEL, D.D. lEbwarb IRobcvt HtwilL Born at Red Hook, Dutchess County, N. Y., Feb. iS, i S40, the first bishop of West Missouri was graduated at Ciihimbia in 1862, and at the General Theological Seminary in 1864. He received deacon's orders at Calvar)- Church, New York, July 3, 1864, from Bishop Horatio Potter, who priested him in St. Luke's Church, New York, April i, 1865. During his diaconate he was curate at St. Luke's, New York. On his aihancement to the priesthood he was made rector of St. Paul'^, Williamsburg, L. I., N. Y., and afterward curate to the bishop of \'ermont, at St. Paul's, Burlington, to the rectorship of which (i8''>7) he succeeded. In 1882 he became rector of Trinity Church, Toledo, O., which charge he retained until his consecration. He recei\'ed the doctorate in divinit}- from the University of Vermont in 1882. He was consecrated bishop of West Missouri in Trinity Church, Toledo, Oct. 14, 1890, by Bishops Tuttle, McLaren, Seymour, Knickerbacker, and W. A. Leonard. His episcopate has been marked by financial re\'erses and disappointments in the business wiirld; hut he has by patient and most abundant labors carried on the work committed to his charge as a true-hearted and self-sacri- ficing bishop and shepherd of souls. He is a man of intellectual gifts, a cultured and well-informed scliolar. and an able and efficient administrator. The work under his care has felt happily, and re- sponded to, the fostering and furthering hand of its spiritual head. WiiKKs. — I. A tract un " L'ontiriiiatiun " ; 2. (JCLasiunal Jl^c•ulr.sc^, episcopal ail RIGHT REVEREND HENRY MELVILLE JACKSON, D.D. 1[3cnr\> nDclvillc Jackson. The first cdadjutiir bislmp of Alabama was bnrn in Leesburg, Loudon County. \'a., July 2.S, 1S4S. He was educated chiefl}- at tlu- X'irginia Militar\" Institute and at the Virginia Theological Seminary, graduating from the latter in 1873. He was ordered deacon in the seminary chape', Alexandria, June 27, 1873, and advanced to the priesthood in St. John's Church, Wytheville, Va., July 15, 1874, both by Bishoj} John.s. His cleri- cal work was performed in Montgomery parish, in the count)' of the same name, Virginia, and at Christ Church, Green\-ille, S. C. In October, 1876, he became rector of Grace Church, Richmonti, \'a.., succeeding the celebrated Dr. Kinloch Nelson. Here he continued until his ele\atii_in to the episC(>])ate. W'hiU- in Richmond he was for a time the editor nf the "Si)uthein Pulpit," He receixed the doctorate in dixinity from Randolph Macon College in 1885 and from the Unixersity ijf the South in 1801. He was consecrated to the assistant liishopric of .\laliama in St. Paul's Church, Selma, Ala., Jan. 21, i8<)i. by Bisho])s R. H. W'ilmer, W. H. W". Howe, Peterkin, Thompson, and Randolph. Bishop Jackson entered u];on his episcopal work with a deep earnestness and dex'otion, winning all hearts by his elocjueuce and his godly zeal. W'oivKs. — Besides his editorial work on tlie " Southern I'ul]iit,"' .Tl'ter\A'arcl consoh- daled with the " Pulpit Treasury," and on other relii^iijus papers of tlie South, Bisho]") Jaekson has published little ; a few sermons, etc., comprising the catalogue of his printed works. RIGHT REVEREND DAVIS SESSUMS, D.D. IDavis Sc88uin8. Thk coadjutor ami successor ()f the excellent Galleher was bom in Houston, Tex., July 7, 1858. He was educated at the University of the South, where, after a brilliant course, he proceeded M.A. in 1878. Entering the theo- logical department of the uni\-ersity, he completed his studies pre- paratory to ordination the following year. He was made a deacon in Christ Church, in his iiati\e place, Feb. 5, 1882, by Bishop Gregg, who advanced him tn the priesthood in the same church, Aug. 13th of the same year. His early ministry was spent at Gah'eston, Tex., in charge of Grace Church. In 1883 he removed to Tennessee, where he was first assistant and then rector of Cah-ar\" Church, Memphis. In 1887 he became rector of Christ Church, New < )r- leans, where he remained until his election as bishop cnadjutur nf Louisiana. He received the doctorate in di\inity from his alma mater in the year of his consecration. He was consecrated in his parish cluiich, June 24, 1891, b_\' Bishops Ouintard, Tuttle, Garrett, Galleher, Thompson, and Wat- son. He became diocesan on the death of Bishop Galleher, the same year. Bishop Sessums is an orator of fer\-id eloquence, a metaphysical thinker, and an able writer. He is tolerant in his administration, " broail " in his theological x'iews, and possesses varied gifts. Wi_iKKS. — Epi-.cop;il a Iilrcsbeb, nietaphy^ical theses, etc. /•^'^f^S- RIGHT REVEREND PHILLIPS BROOKS, D.D. pbilUps :fi5vook8. A SCION of a distinguished Puritan famil_\', born in Boston, Dec. '3. 1S35, educated at tlie Latin Scliool of his native city, and grad- uated at Harvard University in tlie class of 1855, Phillips Brooks, on determining to enter the sacred ministry, pursued his theolog- ical studies at the Virginia Seminary, where he was graduated in the class of 1859. He was admitted ti> the diacnnate by PSishop Meade in the sem- inary chapel, Juh' I, 1854. He was athanced to the priesthood in Advent Church, Philadelphia, ?ilay J 7, i860, by Bishop Alonzo Potter. His early ministry was spent at Advent Church. In 1862, when but twenty-six years of age, he became rector of Holy Trin- ity Church, Philadelphia, succeeding the rector and friend of his earlier days, the Rev. Dr. Ale.xander H. Vinton. In 1869 he be- came rector of Trinit\', Boston, where he remained until his eleva- tion to the episcopate. During the first years of his ministry, I^rooks gave promise ot a distinguished future liy his brilli.int disci uirscs and by his ])atriiitic course at the opening of the Ci\il War. Untiring in liis efforts to enkindle in the minds of all within the reach of his influence the highest sentiment-^ of lo\-e of couiiti_\" and loyal de\-otion to the cause of the Union, he won not onl\- the lo\-e and praise of all patriots, but obtained as a recognition of his course an election to member- ship in the Loyal Legion, although a noncombatant. His patriotic discourses were among the nio-t fi-r-iid and eloquent of his pulpit efTorts, and his auditors were often at a loss to distinguish the in- spiring sermon, full of lessons (>{ dut\- to ( "md and our neighbor, from the oration displaying the most brilliant and con\'incing sentences of the finished speaker. His ministry was a pastorate ratlu-r than a rectorate. He cared for each one, e\-en the littlest and most luuiible of his flf:)ck. It was thus that his great heart found responsi\-e lo\e anil full rec(.ig- nition in others' hearts. He declined the election to the coadjutor bishopric of Pennsyl- vania in 1S86. He was made a doctor of dixinity by Unii.m, 1870, Harvard, 1877, the University , i8gi, by Bishojjs McLaren, W'hitaker, Adams, Scarborough, Whitehead, Rulison, Parct, \\'iirthington, Talbot, A. Leonard, and Grafton. Bishop Xicholson's episcopate has been fidl of labors and marked In' success. He is vigorous, earnest, dexout, of commanding pres- ence, impartial in his administration, and sagacious in his judgments of men. He has achieved results which give promise of a great ad\-ance materially and spiritually in the see of which he has charge. WotfKS. — Occasional sermon-., addresses, pastorals. He lias compiled several liturL:ical manuals. RIGHT REVEREND CLHI.AND KINLOCK NELSON, D.D. Clclanb IkiiUoch IRclson, The successor of Heckwith in the see of Georgia was born at " Greenwood," near Cobham, Albemarle County, Va., May 23, 1852. He is a lineal descendant of William Nelson, president of the colony of Virginia, and of General Thumas Nelson, who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, gk part in founding a missicm amnng the Italians in Xew \"ork, 1S73; was rector of St. Mary the \'ir- gin's, Baltimore, Md., 1875-7'); assistant at St. Paul's, ]?aUiinore, 1877-85; dean of Davenport (la.) Cathedral, 1886 until his conse- cration. He received his doctorate in divinity from Hobart College in 1 8 76, 'and his LL.D. from Griswold in 1889. Elected bishop coadjutor of Springfield, 111., May 17, 1892, he was consecrated in Davenport Cathedral. Jul\- 26, 1892, by Bishops Perry, Se_\'mour, Walker, W^irthington, W. A. Leonard, and Nichol- son. He is a scholar of \'aried attainments, a well-read and intelli- gent theologian, and an expert in liturgical study and in the history of the Church. He has labored especial)}- fi.>r the cause of inter- communion. Works. — I. Report of the committee appointeil liy the Philomathean .Society of the University of Pennsylvania to translate tiie inscription on the Rosetta Stone (committee consisting of Hale, S. Huntington Jones, and Henrv Morton, 1858) ; 2. Papers on mat- ters relating to the Eastern churches (1S70-94) : these include (I) " A List of Sees and Bishops of the Holy Eastern Churcli " (1S70J; ('2) " .\ List of all the Sees and Bishops of the Holv OrthodoN Church of the East " ( 1872) ; (^1 " Innocent of Moscow, the Apostle of Kamchatka and Alaska" (1877, 1S8S): (4) " The Russian Church " (18S0) ; (5)" Eng- land's Duty toward Egypt" (published in the ofhcial report of the Church Congress at Carlisle, England, 18S4) ; (6) " .\ Visit to the Eastern Churches in the Interests of Church Unity" (1S86) ; (7) X^arious reports of the Joint Committee of the General Convention on Communication with the Russo-Greek Church; (8) " Missionary Relations between the Anglican and the Eastern Churches " (1894I ; 3. Translations : (i) " An Account of the Visit of Pr. Overbeck to Constantinople in 1879" (from the Russian, 1880); (2) " Mozarabic Collects " (arranged from the ancient liturgy of the Spanish Church, 1881) ; 4. Papers on liturgical suljjects (1876-gi) ; 5. " The Universal I'piscopate " (a list of the sees and bisho|)S of the holy Church throughout the world, 1S82): 6. "The .-Xmerican Church and Methodism " ; 7. Miscellaneous sermons, etc. rpl RIGHT REVEREND GEORGE HERBERT KINSOLVING, D.D. (Bcoroc 1[3crbcrt Ifxineolviiuj. The coadjutor and successor to tlie \'enerable Gregg was born in Bedford Count)-, \'a., April 28, 1849, was educated at tlie Uni- versity of Virginia, and was graduated at the \'irginia Thei)logical Seminary in 1873. He was admitted to the diaconate, June 26, 1874, by Bishop Johns, and was priested by Bishop Whittingham the following year. His diaconate was spent at Clirist Church, Baltimore, Md., as an assistant. His rectorships were respectively St. Mark's, Baltimore; St. John's, Cincinnati ; and the Church of the Epiphany, Philadel- phia. He was elected bish(jp coadjutor of Texas, May 19, 1S92. He recei\'ed his tli\"inity tloctorate from Griswold and the Uni\'ersity of the South. His consecration took place in his parish church, Philaileli^hia, Oct. 12, 1892. His consecrators were Bishops R. H. Wilmer, Quintard, Whitaker, Wingfield, Dudley, Jaggar, Randolph, Johns- ton, Kendrick, Davies, Nichols, Hale, and the bishop of New- foundland, Dr. Llewell_\-n Jones. On the i ith of July, 1S93, Bishop Gregg died, and Bishop Kinsolving became the diocesan. In a diocese of vast e.xtent Bishop Kinsoh-ing has entered upon his labors with characteristic earnestness and singular de\otion. Full of energy, possessing the power of commending himself to all men, tireless, ready in emergencies, and able to meet all requirements, his episcopate bids fair to be productive of noteworthy results. Works. — Episcopal addresses, occasional discourses, pastorals, etc. RIGHT REVEREND LEMUEL HENRY WELLS. D.D. %cmuc{ 1l3cnr\> Mclls. The first bisliop of Spokane — the eastern portion of the see of Washington, created into an independent juristliction in 1892 — was born in Yonkers, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1841. Entering Trinity College, Hartford, he left at the breaking out of the war, and rendered efficient service in the Union army. At the close of the strife he was graduated at Hobart College in the class of 1867. He pursued his theological studies at the Berkeley School, receiving deacon's orders from Bishop Williams in Holy Trinity Church, Middletown, June 2, 1869, and being priested in Trinity Chapel, New Haven, b_\- Bishop Bisscll, in 1871. After a year's study abroad subsequent to his ordination he was curate at Trinity, Xew Ha\en. Led by an earnest missionary zeal, he went to the far West and ser\-ed for fi\e years under the bishop of Oregon without salar_\". During two decades of mission life and work he has built nine churches and established a Church school at Walla Walla, Wash. In that town he was rector from 1873 to 1882. From 1884 to 1889 he was rector of St. Luke's, Tacoma, Wash. Accept- ing the charge of Trinity- in that city, which he had himself founded, he continued there until his election to the missionary episcopate. He received the doctorate in divinity from Hobart, 1892. His consecration took place in Trinity, New Haven, Dec. 16, 1 892. His consecrators were Bishops Williams, Xeely. Xiles, Lyman, J. A. Paddock, Walker, and Talbt>t. Bishop Wells is a man of varied tastes and accomplishments, scholarly, devoted, and de\out. His work gives good promise of speedy and notable results. Works. — Missionary reports, educational papers, episcopal atklresses, etc. RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM CRANE GRAY, D.D. Milliain Cvanc (3va\?. The first bishijp of Southern r'inrida was born at Lambert\'ille, N. J., Sept. (\ 1S33. While a lad of ten years his family rennned to Tennessee, where his education preparatory to his college course was pursued. Grad- uating at Kenyon in 1859, and taking his theological stulUvS. — Episci.ipal addresses, missionary reports, anii aiipeals. RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM MORRIS BARKER, D.D. Milliam nDorris Bavhci\ The first missionary bishop of Western Colorado was l:)orn at Towanda, Pa., May 12, 1854. His education was received at his father's classical school in Ger- mantown, Pa. ; from the University of Pennsylvania, vvht-re he was graduated in 1873; and from the Berkeley Divinity School. P"(_)r two years he was a teacher in the Bishop Scott Grammar School, Portland, Ore. He was admitted to the diaconate by Bishop Wil- liams in Holy Trinit_\- Church, Middletown, Conn., June 4, 1879. His diaconate was s])ent as curate at St. John's, Troy, N. Y. He was priested b\- Bishop Doane, F'eb. 15, 1880, and was fur a time curate at St. Jolm's, Washington, D. C, and then until 1887 rector of St. P.tul's, in the same city. In 1887-89 he was rector of St. Luke's, Haltimore, Md., and then until his C(.)nsecration in charge of St. Paul's, Dulnth, and president of St. Luke's Hospital in that city. He receixed his D.U. fn.mi Seabury lJi\'init\' School, Faribault, Minn., 1893. He was consecrated to the missionary episcopate ot Western Colorado in his parish church at Duluth, on St. Paul's day, Jan. 23, 1893, by Bishops Morris (his uncle), Spalding, McLaren, tiilbert, and Nicholson. After a little more than a )-ear's serxice in his mission field, at a meeting of the House of Bishops held in New York, Oc- tober, 1894, an order was passed by which Bishop Barker was " relieved from the exercise of episcopal functions in the missionary district of Western Colorado," and was " directed to exercise epis- copal functions in the missionary district of Olympia " (comprising the western j)ortion of the State of Washington). Into this new field Bishop Barker has entered with all his \igor, and has already developed its Church activities and charities in an unexampled manner. Works. — Missionary reports and atUlresses, sermons, etc. RIGHT RE\'EREND JOHN McKIM, D.D. John nDcmiin. The successor of the apostolic Channing Moore \\'illiams in the see of Yedo, Japan, was born in Pittsfield, Mass., Jiil_v 17, 1852, He was graduated in 1S79 at Nashotah House; was ordered deacon at All Saints' Cathedral, Milwaukee, June 16, 1878, by Bishop Hobart Brown, who advanced him to the priesthood the following year. After a brief term ot service in the diocese of Chicago he joined the mission in Jajjan, of which he is now the head. In his distant field he displayed unusual activity and reaped a wonderful return for his labors. Seventeen stations and substa- tions, with headquarters at Osaka, were reported b_\' him in his last accounting of his work to the P'oreign Committee prior to his election to the episcopal ofiice. In ]\Iarch, 1893, he was chosen to the missionar)- episcopate at a special meeting of the House of Bishops, held in the chantry of Grace Church, New York. His divinity degrees were rccei\'ed from his alma mater, Nashotah House, and Trinity, 1893. He was consecrated, June 14, 1893, in St. Thomas's Church, New York, by Bishops I.ittlejohn, Lyman, Dudley, Scarborough, Kinsolving, and Dr. Alfred Barr}-, late bishop of S_\'dney and primate of Australia. He has infused new life into the mission ; and his consecration of powers, together with his man}- excellent gifts, gix'e promise of marked successes _\-et to come. WiiRKs. — Missionary rcjiorts, translations, apj^cals, etc. 351 RIGHT REVEREND FREDERICK ROGERS GRAVES, D.D. iftcbcnch 1Roocr8 Graves* Born of devoted Church parents at Aubivrn, N. Y., in 1S58, and graduating from Hobart in 1878, and from the General Theo- logical Seminary in 1881, Graves was made a deacon by Bishop Horatio Potter in St. Paul's Chapel, New York, June 12, 1881. He was priested in the Church of our Saxiour, Hongkew, Shanghai, China, Oct. 28, 1882, by Bishop C. 'SI. Williams. His whole ministry has been spent in China. After a short time spent at St. John's College, Shanghai, he was appointed to Wuchang, where with his native deacons and catechists he has labored faithfully and well. He recei\ed the di\'inity doctorate from the General Theological Seminary in 1893. He was elected missionary bishop of Shanghai by the C'hurch in General Convention in 1892, the Ven. Samuel R. J. lloyt, D.U., arch- deacon of Davenport, who had been for years in the foreign field, having first been elected and declined. A number of the deputies had left for their homes when the testimonials of the missionar_\- bishop elect were received, leaving an insufficient number to confirm the action of the upper house. At the special meeting in New York in March, 1893, at which McKim was chosen for Yedo, Graves was reelected for Shanghai, and he was consecrated at the same time and place and by the same bishops as was Bishop McKim. He has, in the midst of grievous trials and hindrances, accomplished much for the Master. He will yet do more, wisely and well, for the Church of God, to the service of which his life has been devoted. Works. — Missionary reports and translations. RIGHT REVEREND ELLISON CAPERS, D.D. Ellison Capers. The coadjutor to the \enerable William Bell White Howe in the see of South Carolina is the son ot an eminent bishop or super- intendent of the Methodist communion. He was born in Charles- ton, S. C, Oct. 14, 1837, and was graduated at the South Carolina Military Academy in 1857. Appointed assistant professor of mathematics in his alma mater, he resigned at the breaking out of the Civil War, 1861, serving in the Confederate army till its close, and rising to the rank of brigadier- general. Ordained to the diaconate. May 3, 1867, in St. Luke's Church, Charleston, by Bishop W. B. W. Howe, he recei\ed priest's orders, Sept. 13, 1868, in Trinity, Abbeville, from the same prelate. From 1867 to 1887 he was rector of Chri.st Church, Greenville, S. C, save a }-ear's service at St. Paul's, Selma, Ala. From 1887 until his election to the episcopal office he was rector of Trinity Church, ■Columbia, S. C. He was secretar\- and treasurer of the diocesan board of missions, 1879—93, 'i''"! ■^^'^.s a deputy to tb.e General Con- vention, 1880, 1883, and 1886, declining the honor for the next two sessions. In 1888 he received the D.D. from South Cart)lina Col- lege, and from the University of the South in 1893. In 1893 he was elected bishop coadjutor of South Carolina, and was consecrated in his parish church at Columbia, July- 20th of that year, by Bishops Lyman, Watson, Weed, and Jackson. The eritire supervision and administration of ecclesiastical affairs has already ■devolved upoit him by the death of Bishojj Howe, which occurred Nov. 25, 1894. He is a man of commanding ]3resence, large- hearted, tolerant, and wise ; and the see of South Cartilina is most happily filled. \Viii;Ks. — OcciLviunal ^crlll(>ns, cpi^cupal addresses, [>asturals, etc. RIGHT REVEREND THOMAS FRANK GAILOR, D.D. XTbomas fvank (3ailot, The bishop coadjutor chosen for the see of Tennessee on the request of the venerable and beloved Ouintard for relief from his excessive duties, is a native of Mississippi, where he was born at Jackson, Sept. 17, 1856. He was graduated with the highest honors at Racine in 1876, being the head of the College, the Edwards's Greek prizeman, and the Ouintard medalist. Ht was Greek prizeman at the General Theological Seminary, where he completed his preparation fur orders, receiving in 1880 the graduating degree of S.T.B. He was ordered deacon May 15, 1879, and was priested the following year, both by Bishop Ouintard. His whole ministr)- was spent in Ten- nessee. He was rector of the Church of the Messiah, I'ulaski, 1879-82, when his connection with tlic Uni\ersity of the .South began by his appointment to the chair of ecclesiastical history and polity. In 1883 li<^ became chaplain of the university, and in 1890 vice-chancellor. His devotion to the interests of the educational work at Sewanee constrained him to decline the wardenship of Racine College, the rectorships of Trinity, Chicago, and Trinity, New Orleans, and in 1891 the bishopric of Georgia. In 1893 the General Theological Seminary gave him the divinity degree, which was repeated from Columbia, Trinity, and the Uni\'ersity of the South. He was inianimously elected bishop coadjutor of Tennessee on the first ballot, in 1893, and was consecrated on the feast of St. James, July 25th of that year, in the chapel of St. Augustine, Sewanee, by Bishops Ouintard, Dudley, Perry, Sexniour, Watson, Johnston, Jackson, Nelson, Hale, and Kinsoh'ing. Works. — I. " Manual of Devotions " (six editions) ; 2. .Sermon un '■ Tjic TnivLrsity Iilea" (1887) ; 3. Sermon on " Apostolic Succession " (iSqo) ; 4. Sermon on " I hristian Education" (1892); 5. Lectures liefore the New York (.'hurcli Club (iSSO, 1S95) ; 6. Educational pamphlets, addresses, etc. 357 RIGHT REVEREND WILLIAM LAWRENCE, D.D. Milliain Xawucncc. The se\-enth bishop of Massachusetts, and tlie successor of the celebrated Phillips lirooks, was born in Boston, Mass., May 30, 1S50, and was graduated at Harvard in the class ot 1.S7 i. He pursued his theological studies at Ando\er, the Philadelphia Divinity School, and at the Episcopal School at Cambridge, where he was graduated B.D. in 1875. He was ordained to the diacon- ate in St. John's Memorial Chapel, Cambiidge, June 20, 1875, by Bishop Paddock, who adxanccd him to tlie priesthood in Crace Church, Lawrence, Mass., Trinity Suiula\', June II, 1876. He was rector of the church at Lawrence, 1876-84; jjrofessor of homiletics and pastoral care at the Episcopal School at Cambridge, 1884-93; and dean of the school, 1889-93. P^lected bishop on May 4, 1893, lie was consecrated on October 5th, in Trinity, Boston, by Bishops Williams, Doanc, Clark. W'hip- ple, Huntington, Neely. Niles, Potter, and Dr. Courtney, bisho]j of Nova Scotia. The archbishop of Zante, CiiX'cce, was present at the service. Bishop Lawrence has been preacher to llarxanl Unixersit}', and is an overseer of the uni\-ersity, trustee of W'ellesley and Smith colleges, etc. He is a student of culture, widely read, and in touch witii every humanitarian and educational scheme. Wc.iRKS. — I. " Life of .Amos A. Lawrence " (1888) ; 2. " PropDrtlonal Representation in the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies " ; 3. Educational papers, sermons, etc. i^5 o RIGHT REVEREND JOSEPH BLOUNT CHESHIRE, JR., D.D. Joseph Blount Chcsbivc, Jr. A SCION of a distinguished and influential Nortli Carolina family from colonial days was the coadjutor and is the successor of Lvman in the see of his native State. He was born at Tarboroug'h, N. C, March 2J, 1850. He was graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, 1869. After two years spent in teaching he studied law, and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of North Carolina in 1872. Turning his thoughts toward the sacred ministry, he was made a deacon by Bishop Atkinson on Easter da_\-, April 21, 1878, in his father's church at Tarborough. He was advanced to the priesthood in St. Paul's, Winston, N. C., Ma_\- 30, 1880, by Bishop Lyman. He spent his diaconate and the first year of his priesthood at Chapel Hill and Durham, N. C, founding a chuich in each place. From 188 I until his consecration he was rector <>f St. Peter's, Charlotte, N. C. He was a deputy to the General CRKS. — .Sermons and addresses. 367 RIGHT REVEREND FRANK ROSEBROOK MILLSPAUGH, D.D. jfranh IRoscbrooh fUMllspauob. Tuf; successor of the learned and laborious Thomas in the see of Kansas was born in Nichols, Tioga County, X. '\'., .April 12, 1848, nf Dutch descent. His family removed to Faribault, Minn., in 1837, and young Millspaugh was sent to the parish school under the pioneer mission- ary, Rev. J. Lloyd Breck, D.D. He became a Sunday scholar and choir-boy in the first church building of the Bishop Seabury Mission, under Dr. Breck, Bishop Whipple, Professor Thomas (afterward bishop of Kansas), and Rev. Dr. Dobbin. He was graduated from Shattuck Hall, June, 1870. He entered Seabury Di\-inity School in 1870, graduating in 1873, with the degree of B.D. He was ordered deacon by Bishop Whipple in the cathedral at Faribault, June 22, 1873, who advanced him to the priesthood, June 21, 1874. After abundant missionary work in Minnesota, Millspaugh was called to be dean of Omaha Cathedral, Nebraska, and was formall}- in- stalled Oct. 6, 1876, remaining in that charge for ten years. In 1886 he became rector of St. Paul's Church, Minneapolis, which position he resigned to become dean of Grace Cathedral, Topeka, Kan., where he remained until elected to the episcopal office, in succession to his old instructor, Thomas. He recei\ed the degree of D.D. from Seabury in 1895. He was consecrated bishop of Kansas, Sept. 19, 1895, in the Topeka Cathedral. His consecrators were Bishojjs Whipi)le, Tut- tle, Spalding, Atwill, and Brooke. Bishop Millspaugh has in his early mission work, ami especially in his close association with Bishops Clarkson and Thomas, the best of preparation for the work he has now entered upon. Full of strength, physical and intellectual, the work under him will not fail of the fullest care. \V. \V., Ixii. Baker, (J. C, liv. Baldwin, M. S., xliii. Baltes, P. J., lix. Baltimore, R. C. archdiocese, Ivii. Baltimore Conference, xlvii. Baraga, F., Ixi. Barnabas, an apostle, xii. Barry, J., Ixii. Bassus, xvii. Bauer, \. P.. Ixii. Bayley,"j. R.. Ivii; Ixi. Bazin, J. S. , Ixiii. Beaven, T. D., Ixii. Becker, T. A., Ixii; Ixiii. Bedell, G. T., Ixv; Ixviii. Belleville, R. C. diocese, lix. Bermuda, xliii. Bessonies, A., Ixiii. Bethune, A. N., xliii. Binney, H., xliii. Binney, W. H., xliii. Bishop, views of Ignatius on the office of, xvij-(/./ at head of hierarchy, xix ; .Amer- ican, same as other bishops, xxii ; presi- dent of Convention, .\xxv ; powers de- fined, xxxvi. See Episcopate, Lightfoot, Ignatius, etc. Bishops, English, reply to Plan and Ad- dress, xxviii sq.; terms of agreement to consecrate American bishops, xxxi sq.; their letter answered, xxxv. Blanc, A., Ivii. Blanchet, A. M. A., Ixi. Blanchet, F. N., Iviii; lix. Boardman, R., xlvi. Boff, F. M., lix. Boise City, R. C. diocese, lix. Bomp.as, W. C, xliii. Bonacum, T., Ixi. Bond, W. B., xliii. Borgess, C. H., Ix. Boston, R. C. archdiocese, Ivii. lioiiryadc, P., Ixiii. liowman, T., liv. Hratlley, D. iM., Ixi. ]iraoklyn, K. C. tliocese, hx. lirownsville, R. C. vicariate, Ixiii. lirute, S. G., Ixiii. Huffalo, R. C. (hoceso, lix. liurgess, G., Ixvi. ISurke, M. F., lix; Ixii. Hurke, T. M. A., lix. Burlini^ton, R. C. ilioccse, lix. Hurn, W. J., xliii. Uurns, F., liv. livrne. A., Ixi. irvriie, T. S., Ixi. diillet, I.. K., Iviii. Caleilt superin- tendent, xlviii; urges Wesley to lay his hands on hnn, xlix sj.; letter to .Seabury, lii; sermon at Paltimore Conference, (/».,■ letter to White, do.; invited to Dr. West's, i/i>.: no decisive answer given to West's queries, liii ; too late for succession, do.; liv. C'olundiia, Canadian diocese, xliii. Columbus, R. C. diocese, lix. Coneanen, R. 1,., Iviii. Concordia, R. C. diocese, lix. Connolly, J., Iviii. Conroy, J. J., Iviii. Consecration, canonical, xx-xxi ; Roman, variations from, xxi; of American bish- ops, act of Parliament, xxxvi. Convention, Philadelphia, May 24, 1784, xxiii; 1785, xxvi ; June, 1786, xxxiijy. Convention, \\'ilmington, xxxvi sg. Conwell, H., Iviii. Cooper, E., lii. Corrigan, M. A., Iviii ; Ixi. Cosgrove, II., lix. Cotter, J. H., Ixiii. Courtney, F., xliii. Covington, R. C. diocese, lix. Coxe, A. C, Ixv; Ixvi; Ixviii. Creeds, Nicene and Athanasian, position of English bishops on, xxxi; xxxvi si/.; final action, xxxviii. Cretin, J., Iviii. Cronyn, B., xliii. Curtis, A. A., Ixiii. Cushing, P., xlvi. Dallas, R. C. diocese, lix. I )amas, xvii. Davenport, R. C. diocese, lix. David, J. B., Ixi. De Goesbriand, L., lix. De Neckere, L., Ivii. Denver, R. C. diocese, Ix. Descent into hell, in creed, xxx-xxxi ; po- sition of archbishops, xxxvi sq.; Hnal action, xxxviii. Detroit, R. C. diocese, Ix. Diocese, unit of early Churcli, xix. Domenec, M., Ixii. Drew, " Life of Dr. Coke," quoted, xlix sq. Dubois, J., Iviii. Dubourg, W. v., Ivii. Duhuis,\-. M., Ix. Dubuque, R. C. archdiocese, Ivii. Duche, T-, XXX. Dufal, P.. Ix. Duggan, I., Ivii. Diiiutli. K. C. diocese, l.\. Dunn, .\. II., xliii. Dunne, E. J., lix. Durier, A., Ixi. Dwenger, J., Ix. Eccleston, S., Ivii. Egan, M., Iviii. Elder, W. H., Ivii; Ixi. Eleutherus, xx. Emory, J., liv. Emory, R., "The History of the Disci- pline," quoted, li. England, T-, li"- English Conferuice, li. Episcoiiaie, ]n-,lorical, found in New Test;i- n)ent, xi si/. : firmly establislietl in second century, xiii ; traced to apostles, xiv; in- cludes apostolical succession, xiv; not an evolution from the presbyterate, xix ; conformable to mind of Christ, do.; au- thorities quoted, xxi-xxii ; introduction into U. S., xxii si/.; view of American Church, do. See Hishop. Erie, R. C. diocese, Ix. lOusebius, list of Symeon's successors, xv. Evarestus, xx. Farley, J. M., Iviii. Fauquier, F. !>., xliii. F'eehan, P. A., Ivii ; Ixi. Eenwick, B. [., Ivii. Fenwick, E. , Ivii. F'ield, E., xliii. Fink, L. M., Ix. Fitzgerald, E., Ixi. F'itzgerald, J. N., liv. Fitzpatrick, J. B., Ivii. Flagel, B. T-", Ixi. Flasch, K. C. Ixi. Fletcher, advi--cs ordination liy liishops, xlviii. Foley, J. S., Ix. Foley, T., Ivii. F'oreign churches, Ixiii .si/. Fort Wayne, K. C. diocese, Ix. Foss, C. D., liv. Foster, R. S., liv. Fowler, C. H., liv. Franklin, Benjamin, aid invnkeil. xxx. Fredericton, Canadian diocese, xliii. Fulford, F., xliii. Fuller, T. B., xliii. " Fundamental Principles." See White. CJabriels, IE, Ixi. Galberry, T., Ix. (Jallagher, N. A., Ix. Galveston, R. C. di., lix. Junger, A., Ixi. Junia, an ajiostle, xii. Kain, J. J., Iviii ; Ixiii. Kansaii City, Kan., K. C. diocese, Ix. Kansas City, Mo., R. C. iliocese, ix. Katzer, F. X., Ivii ; Ix. Keane, J. J., Ixii; Ixiii. Kelly, J. IJ., xliii. Kelly, P., Ixii. Kenrick, F. P., Ivii; Iviii. Kenrick, I>. R.. Iviii. Kerfool, J. 1)., Iwiii. Kingtlon, II. '!'., \liii. King's College, \\ inilsiir, N. .S., xlvi. Kingsley, C, liv. Knox, A., condemns Wesley, li. Krautbauer, F. .\., Ix. I. a Crosse, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Lamy, J. B., Iviii. I.avialle, P. J., Ixi. Learning, chosen as coadjutor to Seabury, xl. I.ee, A., Ixv; Ixvi ; Ixviii. Lee, J., " History of the Methoilisis," quoted, xlvii si/. Lefevre, P. P., Ix. Lerav, F. X., Ivii ; Ixi. Lewis, J. T., xliii. Lightfoot, Bishop, threefold ministry before middle of second century, xii; Kjasco- pacy in Jerusalem, xii; " Epistle to the Galatians," quoted, xii ; " Christian Min- istry," quoted, xiii .u/.; episcopate in first century, associated with St. John, xiii ; Ignatian Epistles genuine, xv. Lincoln, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Linus, XX. Little Rock, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Littlejohn, A. N., Ixviii. Lookens, L. , lix. Loras, M., Ivii. Loughlin, J., lix. Louisville, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Ludden, P. A., Ixii. Luers, J. H., Ix. Lullworth Castle, Iv si/. MacColI, Canon, "Christianity in Rela- tion to Science and Morals," (|uoled, xix. Machebeuf, J. P., Ix. Machray, R., xliii. Mackenzie River, Canadian diocese, xliii. Madison, sent to England for consccr.ation, xiii. Maes, C. P., lix. Mallalieu, \V. F., liv. Manchester, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Manogue, P., Ixii. Mansfield, chosen as coadjutor to Seabury, xl. Mansfield, Lord, views on Metliodist ordi- nation, 1. Manucy, D., Ixi; Ixxvi. Marcus, first Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, XV. Marechal, A., Ivii. Marquette, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Martin, .A.. M., Ixi. Marty, M., Ixii. Matthias, chosen l)v the Eleven, xi. M.itz, N. C, Ix. May, M.', lix. McCIoskey, J., Iviii. McCloskey, \V. G., Ixi. McCoIgan, E., Ivii. McDonnell, C. K., lix. McFarland, F. P., Ix. McFaul, J. A., Ixiii. McGill, J., Ixii. McCJovern, 'P., Ix. McKendree, \V., liv. McLean, J., xliii. McM.ahon, L. S., Ix. .McMullen, |., lix. McXeirnv, F., lix. .McQuaid', K. I., Ixii. Medley, J., xliii. Meerschaert, T., Ixiii. Melcher, J., Ix. Merrill, S. M., liv. Messmer, S. G., Ix. .Methodist Episcoi)aI Church superinten- dency, xlvi si/.; first services, i/o.; first .■\merican Conference, i/c; j^reachers pro- hibited from administering sacraments, xlvii; Conference in Baltimore, 1780, de- nounces irregularities, dt>.; separation agreed to, Hi ; occupants of episcopal office, liv. See Wesley, Coke, etc. Mexico, Ixvii si/. Michaud, J. .S., lix. Miege, ]. B., Ix. Miles, R. P., Ixi. Milwaukee, R. C. archdiocese, Ivii. Mobile, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Monterey and Los .\ngeles, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Montgomery, G., Ixi. Montreal, Canadian diocese, xliii. Moore, B., at Convocation in Middletown, XXV. Moore, J., Ixii. Moore, " Life of Wesley," quoted, xlix. Moosonee, Canatlian diocese, xliii. Mora, F., Ixi. Moreno, F. G. D., Iviii. Morris, T. A., liv. Moss, Bishop, objection to omission of de- scent into hell in creed, xxxi. Mountain, G. J., xliii. 375 Mountain, J., xliii. Mrak, I., I'xi. Mullen, T., Ix. Murray, A., letter t.i White, xxx. Narcissus, xv. Nashville, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Natchez, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Natchitoches, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Neale, L., Ivii. •Neras, J. C, Ixii. Nesqually, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Neumann, J. N'l l^i''- New England, resentment against the South, xl. New Orleans, R. C. archdiocese, Ivii. New Westminster, Canadian diocese, xliii. New York, R. C. archdiocese, Ivii. Newark, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Newfoundland, Canadian diocese, xliii. Newman, J. P., liv. Newnham, J. A., xliii. Niagara, Canadian diocese, xliii. Ninde, W. X., liv. North Carolina, R. C. vicariate, Ixiii. Northrop, IL P., lix ; Ixiii. Nova Scotia, xliii. See British North America. O'Connor, J., Ixi. O'Connor, M., Ix ; Ixii. O'Farrell, M. J., Ixiii. O'Gorman, J., Ixi. O'Hara, W., Ixii. O'Hare, James F., Ixii. O' Regan, A., Ivii. O'Reilly, B., Ix. O'Reilly, J., Ixiii. O'Reilly, P. T., Ixii. O'SuIlivan, J., Ixi. Odin, J. M., Ivii; Ix. (.)gdensburg, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Omaha, R. C. diocese, Ixi. Onesimus, xv. Ontario, Canadian diocese, xliii. Oregon City, R. C. archdiocese, Iviii. Oxenden, A., xliii. Parker, Samuel, xxiii ; position respecting the episcopate, xxiv ; at Convocation in Middletown, xxv; correspondence with White, xxvi;xxxi; in regard to Scotch suc- cession, xxxiii ; proposed for bishop, xl. Peck, J. T., liv. Pellicer, A. D., Ixii. I'eoria, R. C. diocese, Ixii. Perche, N. J., Ivii. Perrin, W. W., xliii. Perry, '* Historical Notes and Documents," quoted, xxiii sij. Persico, I., Ixii. Phelan, R., Ixii. Philadelphia, R. C. archdiocese, Iviii. Philadelpliia Convention. See Convention, Philadelphia. Pilniore, [., xxxiv ; xlvi. Pinkham," W. C, xlvii. Pittsburg, R. C. diocese, Ixii. Pius I., XX. Pius VI., Ivi. " Plan for Obtaining the Consecration of Bishops," etc., xxvi sq. Polycarp, xv ; bishop of Smyrna, xvi. Porro, F., Ivii. Portier, M., Ixi. Portland, R. C. diocese, Ixii. Potter, H., Ixv. Potter, H. C, l.xv. " Proposed Book," xxx sq. Providence, R. C. diocese, Ixii. Provoost, opposition to Seabury, xxxii sq.; xl sq.; bishop elect, xxxviii ; sails for England, xxxix ; consecration, (/('.,■ re- turn to America, do. Purcell, J. B., Ivii. <,)u'Appelle, Canadian diocese, xliii. Quarter, W., Ivii. Quebec, Canadian diocese, xliii. l^igley, D. J., lix. (^uinlan, J., Ixi. Rademacher, f., Ix ; Ixi. R.inkin, T., xlvi. R.ippe, A., lix. Reeves, W. D., xliii. Rese, F., Ix. Reynolds, I. A., lix. Richmond, R. C. diocese, Ixii. Richter, H. J., Ix. Ridley, W., xliii. Riley, H. C, Ixviii. Riordan, P. W., Iviii. Roberts, J. W., liv. Roberts, R. R., liv. Rochester, R. C. diocese, Ixii. Roman Catholic episcopate in U. S., Iv sq. Roman Catholic succession in .\merica, Ivii sq. Roman Church, succession in, xx. Rf^sati, J., Ivii ; hiii. Rosecrans, .S. II.. lix. Rupert's Land, ('anadian jirnvince and dio- cese, xliii. Ryan, J., lix. Ryan, P. T-, Iviii. Ryan, S. V., lix. .Sacrainento, R. C. diocese, Ixii. St. Augustine, R. C. diocese, Ixii. St. Cloud, R. C. diocese, Ixii. St. Joseph, R. C. diocese, Ixii. St. Louis, R. C. archdiocese, Iviii. St. Palais, M. de, Ixiii. St. Paul, R. C. archdiocese, Iviii. Salpointe, J. B., Iviii; Ixiii. .Salt Lake, R. C. diocese, Ixii. San Antonio, R. C. diocese, Ixii. San Franci-.co, R. C. archdiocese, Iviii. Santa Fe, R. C. archdiocese, Iviii. 376 Saskatchewan, Canadian diocese, xliii. Savannah, K. C diocese, Ixli. Scanlan, 1.., Ixii. Scannell, K., lix ; Ixii. Schwebach, J., Ixi. Scott, L., liv. Scranton, R. C. diocese, Ixii. Scabury, Samuel, consecrated, xxv ; declines invitation to Philadelpliia Convention, tin.; otters services for ordination, do.; olj- jects to radical Southern views, do. ; con- gratulates White and I'rovoost on their consecration, xxxix ; ])roposes meeting to bring about uniformity, v 1 i;.>k« ne.lell. ill. i;. Dissell w lioone. \\ W. j. ,11.) en, .\. ,W I>o\vinan. s. i ^7 lirewer, 1.. R. J07 lirooke, I''. K. . ^t; Brooks, 1' . -I llr.nvn, |. 11. II. .24; lirownell, T. ( 4; I'.urgess, .\ ;;|;5 lUirgess, ( , 107 Capers, V. ^j;:; Cli.tse, C - . - ^ Cliase, I' 41 Cheshire, T. R.. Ir ^ii Claggett. i'. 1 ' . I ^ Clark, T. M " .1^5 Clarkson. R 11 . lii; Cobbs, \. II 95 Coleman. L. ^07 Coxe, .-\. C .... I :;i) «>oes,J r, ( ummins. ( ,. 1 ) 17; Davies, T. K 519 Davis, T. K 123 De Lancey. \V. H 77 Ilehon, t' 31 Doane. W ,■ luidiev. r C Dunlop, ( . K i:astl.nrn. 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( ). \V 201 Wliik, 1.11 1567 White, 'W " 5 Whitehead, C 271 Whitehousc, H. J 119 Whittingliam. w! R 81 Wliiltlr.' I'. M 187 Williams. C. M 171 Williams, I 117 Wilmer, f. P. B 171 Wilmer, R. II i>; Wingfield. J. II. II 227 Worthington, G 291 Young, J. F 1S3 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITT LIBRARIES This book is due on the date indicated below, or at th< •--'"on of a definite period after the dat"- a; iJA\^ COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 0030192447 DATE DUE i^Qu ■ ~ - - . < OQ] 0^^ t Vl^ l9 ^^ ^0^|! FFR ^ 1^ ?nQT •i 70 a7 o\ '• '-^ H^'WW SEP 1 3 1945 'M l^£ i:^^ M