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AUTHOR: 
 
 BURNET, GILBERT, 
 BP 
 
 TITLE: 
 
 CONCLUSION TO 
 
 BISHOP BURNET'S 
 
 PLACE: 
 
 DUBLIN 
 
 DA TE : 
 
 1734 
 
(AiLUMLUA UNiX'liKSl'iV IJHKARSHB 
 I ' R L- S I ■; R \' A T I C) N D ii PA 1^1 'K 1 1 - N 1 ' 
 
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 € O N 1 A I N I N G 
 
 A D V I C E 
 
 TO THE 
 
 PEOPLE 
 
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 The Third Edition. 
 
 DUBLIN: 
 
 Printed by A. Rhames, for T.Moore, 
 Bookfeller at Era/mas'i Head in 7>''"?f- 
 
 1734. 
 
 Street, 
 
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 THE 
 
 CON C L us I O N 
 
 T O 
 Biftiop BURNET s Hiftory, ^c. 
 
 ■RAVE now fct out the 
 State of Affairs for a- 
 bove half a Century, 
 v/ith all the Care and 
 Attention that I was 
 T have enquired into all 
 og us, and have obferved 
 the courfe of my Life, 
 Application and Im- 
 iiiy Intention in writ- 
 t lo much, to tell a fine 
 1 c to World, and toamuiethem 
 ath a Difcovery of many Secrets and 
 of Intrigues of State, to blaft the Me- 
 mory of feme and to exalt others, to 
 
 A 2 dif- 
 
 fh a paru 
 • lity. 
 
 "^ n. t^ r- -J c 
 
I 
 
 r X ] 
 
 dlferace one Party and to recommend 
 another : My chief Defign was better 
 formed, and deeper laid : It was to 
 give fuch a Difcovery of Errors in 
 Government, and of the Excefles and ^ 
 Follies of Parties, as may make the 
 next Age wifer, by what I may tell 
 them of the laft. And I may prc- 
 fume, that the Obfervations I have 
 made, and the Account that I have 
 given, will gain me fo much Credit, 
 that I may fpeakwitha plain Freedom 
 to all forts of Perfons : This not be- 
 ing to bepubliflied'till after I am dead, 
 when Envy, Jealoufy or Hatred \viU 
 be buried with mc in my Grave ; I 
 may hope, that what I am now to of- 
 fer to fucceeding Ages, may be bet- 
 ter heard, and leis cenfured, than any 
 thing I could offer to the prefcnt : So 
 that this is a fort of Teftament or Dy- 
 ing Speech, which I leave behmd me, 
 to be read and confidered when I can 
 fpeak no more : I do mod earneftly beg 
 of God to direa mc in it, and to give ^ 
 It fuch an effed on the Minds of thofe^ 
 who read it, that I may do more Goog , 
 when dead, than I could ever hope y 
 do while I was alive. 
 
 My 
 
 Is 
 
 J 
 
 / 
 
 ■\ 
 
 ! 
 
 My Thoughts have run moft, and My pal 
 dwelt longeft on the Concerns of the ^'^'^'^^^ 
 Church and Religion: Therefore I be- ^^ £„^. 
 gin with them. I have always had a Und. 
 true Zeal for the Church o( Englafuiy 
 I have lived in its Communion with 
 great Joy, and have purfued iustrueln- 
 terelts with an unfeigned Affeftion: Yet 
 I muft fay there arc many things in it, 
 that have been very uneafy to me. 
 
 The requiring Subfcriptions to the The Doc 
 Thirty-nine Articles is a great Im- ^'^"^• 
 
 Kolition: I believe them all myfclf: 
 ut as thofe, about Original Sin and 
 Predeftination,might be exprclTcd more 
 unexceptionably,fo I think it is a bet- 
 ter way, to let fuch Matters continue 
 to be ftill the Standard of Dodrine, 
 with fome few Corre6lioRS, and to 
 cenfure thofe who teach any contrary 
 Tenets ; than to oblige all, that ferv<^ 
 in the Church, to fubfcribe them : 
 The greater Part fubfcribe without 
 ever examining them ; and others do 
 it becaufe they muft do it, tho' they 
 can hardly fadsfy their Confciences a- 
 bout fome things in them. Churches 
 ^ and Societies are much better fecured 
 by Laws, than by Subfcriptions: It 
 is a more reafonable, as well as a more 
 cafy Method of Government. : 
 
 A 3 Omt 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
I 
 
 \J 
 
 And Dif- 
 cipline. 
 
 The Wor- Our Wor V ^'^^ perfcdcft Com- 
 ^^P> pofition of Devotion, that we find 
 in anyChurch,iincicnt or modern: Yet 
 the Correftions that were agreed to, , 
 by a Deputation of Bifhops and Di- \ 
 vines in the Year 1689, would make 
 the whole Frame of our Liturgy ftill 
 more perfect, as well as more unex- 
 ceptionable ; and will, 1 hope, at fome 
 time or other, be better entertained, 
 than they were then. I am perfuad- 
 ed they are fuch, as would bring in 
 the much greater part of the Diflen- 
 ters to the Communion of theChurch;» 
 and are in themfelves defirable, tho' 
 there were not a Diflenter in the Na- 
 tion. 
 
 As for the Ecclefiaflical Jurifdic* 
 tion, it has been the Burden of my 
 Life, to fee how it was adminiftred : 
 Our Courts are managed under the 
 Rules of the Cannon Law, ^ dilatory 
 and expenfive : And as their Confti- 
 tution is bad, fo the Bufinefs in them 
 is fmall ; and therefore all poffiblc 
 Contrivances are ufcd, to make the 
 moft of thofc Caufes, that come be- 
 fore them : So that they are univerfal- 
 ly dreaded and hated. God grant 
 that a time may come, in which that 
 noble Dcfign, fo near being perfeded 
 
 
 ) 
 
 in 
 
 L 7 J 
 
 in King Edward the Sixth's Days, of 
 the Reformatio Legum Eccle/ajficarimy 
 may be reviewed and eftablilhed : That 
 fo Matrimonial and Teftamentary Caa- 
 fcs, which are of a mixed nature may 
 be left, a little better regulated, to' 
 the Lay Hands of Chancellors and ch 
 ther Officers; but that the whole Cor- 
 rcdion of the Manners of the Laity, 
 and the Infoeftion into the Lives and 
 Labours of the Clergy, may be brought 
 again into the hand of Spiritual Men, 
 and be put into a better Method. It 
 wodd be well if, after the poor Cler- 
 gy .are relieved by the Tenths and 
 Firft Fruits, a Fund were formed {pi 
 Twenty or Thirty Pound a-year) tor 
 the Rural Deans ; and that they, with 
 at leaft three of the Clergy of the 
 Deanry, named by the Bilhop, exa- 
 mined into the Manners both ot Ucr- 
 gy and Laity ; and after the Methods 
 of private Admonition had been tried, 
 according to our Saviour's Rule, but 
 without effca, that the Matter ftiould 
 be laid before the Biftiop, ?^hO' ^^"^^.■" 
 his Admonitions were alfo meftcdrual^ 
 , might proceed to C:nfures, to a ^ul- 
 penfion from the Sacrament, and to a 
 full Excommunication, as the (..ale 
 Ihould require. This would bri^ our 
 Church indeed into a primitive 1* orm. 
 
 \ 
 

 MyZetl 
 
 Againft 
 Separa- 
 tion, 
 
 [ 8] 
 
 in which at prefent the Clergy havd 
 Icfs Authority, and are under more 
 Contempt, than in any Church, that I 
 have yet feen. For, tho'in the Church 
 o( Rome the publick Authority is in 
 general managed, according to the 
 Method continued among us, yet it 
 was in many particulars corredcd by 
 the Council oi Trent ; whereas we, by 
 that unhappy Provifo in the A6t, au- 
 thorizing the Thirty-two Commiflio- 
 ners to reform our Coui i:. .>ie.iat^lly 
 tiedTHown to all, that was in ufe in 
 
 t fe Elgh tn: belidcs, Tn that^CiTurch 
 thcXlergy have, by auricular Confef- 
 iion, but too great an Authority over 
 the People ; I am far from thinking 
 that to be a lawful, or even a defirablc 
 thing : But fince that is not to be 
 thought of, we are in a woful condi- 
 tion, in which the Clergy are, as it 
 were, Ihut out from any'fliare of the 
 main Parts of the Care of Souls. 
 
 The want of a true well-regulated 
 Difcipline is a great Dcfed, own'd to 
 be fo in the Preface to the Office of 
 Commination : And, while we con- ' 
 tinue in this condition, we are certain- 
 ly in an imperfecft State. But this did 
 never appear to me, to be a juft 
 ground of Separation ; which I could 
 
 never 
 
 I 
 
 never think lawful, unlefs the Terms 
 of Communion among us were un- 
 lawful, and did oblige a Man to fin : 
 That feems to me, the only juftily- 
 able Caufe of Separation, of leaving 
 the Ellabliihed Church, andoffctting 
 up a diftind or oppofite Communion. 
 Nothing under this fecms to be a juft 
 ground of rending the Body of Chrift, 
 or of difturbing the Order of the 
 World and the Peace of Mankind, 
 thereby drawing on that Train of ill 
 Confcqucnces,that mult and do ioUow 
 upon inch a disjointing the Society of 
 Chriilians ; by which they become a- 
 lienated from one another, and in the 
 \ Sequel grow to hate and to devour 
 each other, and by which they are in 
 danger of being confumcd oneot ano- 
 ther. 
 
 I do wifh, and will pray for it as And 
 long as I live, that fome regard may 1^^^' 
 be had to thofe Scruples, with which f^ruou- 
 thc Diflenters are entangled: And,tho' lous'Cory 
 T think they are not all well ground- fcienccs. 
 ed, yet for Peace fake I wim fome 
 things may be taken away, and that o- 
 ' ther things may be fottened and ex- 
 plained : Many of thefe things were 
 retained at the Reformation, to draw 
 the People more entirely into it; who 
 are apt to judge, efpecially in times 
 
 of 
 
[ 10 j 
 
 of Ignorance, by outward Appearan- 
 ces, more than by the real Value of 
 things : So the preferving an Exteri- 
 or, that looked fomewhac like what 
 they had been formerly accuftomed to, 
 without doubt had a great efFcdt at 
 firfl on many Perfons, who, without 
 that, could not have been ealily 
 brought over to adhere to that Work : 
 And this was a juil and lawful Conli- 
 deration. But it is now at an end ; 
 none now are brought over from Po- 
 pery by this means; there is not there- 
 fore fuch a necellity for continuing 
 them flill, as there was for keeping 
 them up at firfl:. I confefs, it is not 
 advifeable, without good reafon for it^ 
 tQ make great Changes in things that 
 arcvifible and fcnfiblc; yet, upon jufl 
 Grounds, fome may be made without 
 any Danger. No Inconvenience CDuId 
 follow, on leaving out the Crofs in 
 Bapcifm, or on laying afide Surplices, 
 and regulating Cathedrals, efpecially 
 as to that indecent way of finging 
 Prayers, and of Laymen's reading the 
 Litany: All Bowings to the Altar 
 have at leafl an ill Appearance, and 
 are of no ufe; the excluding Parents 
 from being the Sponfors in Baptifm, 
 and requiring them to procure others, 
 is extreme inconvenient, and makes 
 
 that 
 
 ( 
 
 [ ^o 
 
 that to be a Mockery, rather than a 
 folemn Sponfion, in too many. Other 
 things may be fo explained, that no 
 juft Exception could lie to them. 
 
 Thus I wifh the Terms of Commu- 
 nion were made larger and eafier ; but 
 lince all is now bound on us by a Law, 
 that cannot be repealed but in Par- 
 liament, there muft be a great Change 
 in the Minds, both of Princes and Peo- 
 ple, before that can be brought about: 
 Therefore the Ditfenters ought tocon- 
 fider well, what they can do for Peace, 
 without finning againit God. The To- 
 leration does not at all juftity their 
 Separation; it only takes away the 
 Force of Penal Laws againll them : 
 Therefore, as Lying in common Dif- 
 courfe is ftilla Sin, tho' no Statute pu- 
 niflies it; and Ingratitude is a bafe 
 thing, tho' there is no Law againit it; 
 fo Separating from a National Body 
 and from the^PublickWorfiiip, is cer- 
 tainly an ill thing, unlcfs fome Sin be 
 committed there, in which we think 
 ourfclves involved, by joining with 
 that Body, and in that Worlhip: So 
 that the Toleration is only a Freedom 
 from Punilhment, and does not alter 
 the nature of the thing. ^^^^ 
 
 I fay not this from any Ditlike of T j^^ 
 Toleration J I think it is a Right due pcffecut^ 
 
 to 0^. 
 
[1^1 
 
 to all Men; their Thoughts are not in 
 their own power; they rauft think of 
 things, as they appear to rhem; their 
 Conlciences are God's ; he only knows 
 them, and he only can change them. 
 And as the Authority of Parents over 
 their Children is antecedent to Socie- 
 ty, and no Law, that takes it away, 
 can be binding ; fo Men are bound, an- 
 tecedently to all Society, to follow 
 what appears to them to be the Will 
 of Goci ; and, if Men would a^rt ho- 
 neftly, the Rule of doing to a!l others 
 what we would have others do to us, 
 would foon determine this mattery 
 lince every honefl Man muft own, 
 that he would think himfelf hardly 
 dealt with, if he were ill ufcd fcr his 
 Opinions, and for performing fuch 
 Parts of Worlliip, as he thought him- 
 felf indifpenfably obliged to. Indeed 
 the Church of Rome has fome colour 
 for her Cruelty, fmce fhe pretends to 
 be infallible, }3ut thefe Pradices are 
 abfurdly iinreafonable among thofc, 
 who own that they may be miftaken, 
 and {o may be pcrfecuting the inno- 
 cent and the Orthodox. Perfecution, 
 if it were lawful at all, ought to be 
 extreme, and go, as it does in the 
 Church of Rome^ to Extirpation ; for 
 the bad Treatment of thofe, who are 
 
 fuffered 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 fu-ffercd ftillto live m a Society, is the 
 creating fo many Malecontenrs, who 
 at fome time or other may make thofe, 
 who treat them ill, feel their Revenge: 
 And the Principle of Perfecution, if 
 true, is that, to which all have a Right, 
 when they have a Power fo put it in 
 Practice : Since they, being perfuaded 
 that they are in the Right, from that 
 muft believe they may lawfully exert 
 againft others that Severity, under 
 which they groaned long themfelves. 
 This will be aggravated in them by 
 the Voice oi^ Revenge, which vs too 
 apt to be well heard by human Nature, 
 chiefly when it comes with the Mask 
 and Appearance of Z*eal. I add not 
 here any Political Confiderations, from 
 the apparent Intereft of Nations, 
 which nvjft difpofe them to encourage 
 the Encreafc of their People, to ad- 
 vance Induftry, and to become a Sanc- 
 tuary to all, who are opprellcd : But 
 tho' this is vifible and is confcfled by 
 all, yet I am now confiderinj this 
 Matter only as it is righteous, jull, and 
 merciful, in the Principle; for if it 
 . were not fo well fupported in thofc 
 rcfpefts, other Motives would only be 
 a Temptation to Princes and States to 
 be governed by Interell, more than by 
 
 their Duty. 
 
 Having 
 
My 
 
 rhoiights 
 ronccrn- 
 irig the 
 Clergy. 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
 . r 
 
 L ' ~* < 
 
 Having thus given my Thoughts in 
 general, with relation to the Conltitu- 
 tion ol our Church and the Communi- 
 on with it, I Ihall proceed, in the 
 next place, to that which is ipecial 
 with relation to the Clergy. I have 
 faid a great deal on this Head, in my 
 Book of the ^Vajioral CarCy which of 
 all the Tnids I ever wrote, is that in 
 which I rejoice the moll: And, tho* 
 it has brought much Anger on me 
 from thofe, who will not fubmit to the 
 Plan there laid down, yet it has done 
 much Good during my own Life, and 
 I hope it will do yet more good, af- 
 ter I am dead : This is a Subject I 
 have thought much upon, and fo I 
 will here add fome things, to what 
 will be found in that Book. 
 
 No Man ought to think of thisPro- 
 ward'^Vo- f^^on, unlcfs he feels within himfelf a 
 Love to Religion, with a Zeal for it, 
 and an internal true Piety ; which is 
 chiefly kept up by fecret Prayer, and 
 by reading of the Scriptures : As long 
 . as thefe things are a Man's Burden, 
 they arc infallible Indications, that he 
 has no inward Vocation, nor Morion 
 of the Holy Ghoft to undertake it. 
 The Capital Error in Men's preparing 
 themfelves for that Function is, that 
 they ftudy Books more than, them- 
 felves, 
 
 An Tn- 
 
 cation. 
 
 W 
 
 ^(f 
 
 j I c j 
 
 "^j and that they read Divinity 
 more in other Books, than in the 
 Scriptures: Days of Prayer, Medita- 
 tion, and Failing, at leail once a 
 Quarter in the Ember Week, in which 
 they may read over and over again 
 both Offices of Ordination, and get 
 by heart thofe Paffages in the Epiftles 
 to Timcthy and Titus^ that relate to 
 this Function, would form their 
 Minds to a right Senfe of it, and be 
 an effc6kual mean to prepare them du- 
 ly for it. 
 
 Ask yourfelves often (for thus I ad- 
 drefsmy felf to you, as if I were flill 
 alive) would you follow that courfe 
 of Life, if there were no fettled Etlab- 
 lifhment belonging to it, and if you 
 were to preach under the Crofs, and 
 in Danger of Perfecution? For till 
 you arrive at that, you are yet carnal, 
 and come into the Priefthood, for a 
 Piece of Bread : Study to keep alive 
 in you a Flame of exalted Devotion ; 
 be talking often to yourfelves, and 
 communing with your own Hearts; 
 digeftall that you read carefully, that 
 you may remember it fo well, as not 
 to be at a lofs when any Point of Di- 
 vinity is talked of: A little Study 
 well digefted, in a good ferious Mmd, 
 will go a great way, and will lay in 
 
 Materials 
 
The 
 
 Fun£lion 
 of the 
 Clergy. 
 
 L ^'' I 
 Materials for your whole Life: Above 
 all things, raife within yourfelves a 
 Zeal for doing Good, and for gaining 
 Souls; indeed I have lamented, during 
 my whole Life, that I faw lb little 
 true Zeal among our Clergy : I faw 
 much of it in the Clergy of the Church 
 of Rowey tho' it is both ill directed and 
 ill conducted : I faw much Zeal like- 
 wife throughout the foreign Churches: 
 The Diflcnters have a great deal a- 
 mong them, but I mull own, that the 
 main Body of our Clergy has always 
 appeared dead and lifelels to me ; and 
 inllead of animating one another, they 
 feem rather to lay one another aflcep. 
 Without a vifible Alteration in this, 
 you will fall under an univerfal Con- 
 tempt, and lofe both the Credit and 
 the Fruits of your Miniftry. 
 
 When you are in Orders, be ever 
 ready to perform all the Parts of your 
 Fundion ; be not anxious about a Set- 
 tlement ; (ludy to diftinguilh your- 
 felves in your Studies, Labours, exem- 
 plary Deportment, and a juft Sweet- 
 nefs of Temper, managed with Gra- 
 vity and Difcretion; and as for what 
 concerns yourfelves, depend on thc^ 
 Providence of God; for he will in due 
 time raife up Friends and Benefadlors 
 to you* I do afSrm this, upon the 
 
 Obfcr. 
 
 1 / J 
 
 Obfervation of my whole Life, that 
 I never knew any one, who conduct- 
 ed himfclf by thcfe Rules, but he was 
 brougfar inro good Polls, or at Icall in- 
 \ / to an qaiy State of Sablillence. 
 
 Do not affeft to run into new Opini- 
 ons,nor to heat yourfelves in Difputes, 
 about Matters of fmall Importance: 
 Begin with fettling in your Minds the 
 Foundations of your Faith; and be 
 full of this, and ready at it, that you 
 may know how to deal with Unbelie- 
 vers; for that is the fpreading Corrup- 
 tion of this Age: There are few A- 
 theills, but many Infidels, who are 
 I indeed very little better than the A- 
 lU theifts. In this Argument, you ought 
 W to take pains to have all well digeiled, 
 and clearly laid in your Thoughts, 
 that you may manage the Controverfy 
 gently,without any Afperity of words, 
 but with a Strength of Reafon: In 
 difputing, do not offer to anfwer any 
 Argument, of which you never heard 
 before, and know nothing concerning 
 * it ; that will both expofe you, and the 
 Caufc you maintain; and, if you feel 
 Yyourfelves grow too warm at anytime, 
 break off and perfift"^ no longer in the 
 difpute ; for you may by that grow 
 to an indecent heat, by which you may 
 wrong the Caufe, which you codea- 
 \ B Voiir 
 
 J 
 
c 
 
 ■^ 1 
 
 vour to defend. In the Matter of Myf- 
 teries be very cautious; for the Sim- 
 plicity, in which thofc fublime Truths 
 are delivered in the Scriptures, ought 
 to be well lludicd and adhered to : 
 Only one part of the Argument fhould 
 be infifted on, I mean, the Shortnefs 
 and Defe6livcnefs of our Faculties ; 
 which being well confidered, will af- 
 ford a great Variety of noble Specu- 
 lations, that are obvious and eafily ap- 
 f)rehended, to reftrain the wanton Sal- 
 ies of fome petulant Men. 
 
 Study to underfland well the Con- 
 troverfies of the Church of Ro?rjej 
 chiefly thofe concerning Infallibility 
 and Tranfubftantiation ; for, in ma- 
 naging thofe, their Miffionaries have 
 a particular Addrefs. Learn to view 
 Popery in a true Light, as a Confpi- 
 racy to exalt the Power of the Cler- 
 gy, even by fubjcding the moll facred 
 Truths of Religion to Contrivances 
 for raifing their Authority,and by offer- 
 ing to the World another Method of 
 being faved, befides that prcfcribed in 
 the Gofpel. Popery is a Mafs of Im- 
 poftures, fupported by Men, who ma-» 
 nagc them with great Advantages, and 
 impofe them with inexprelTible Severi- 
 ties, on thofc who dare call any thing 
 ill qucftion, that they dictate to them. 
 
 I fee 
 
 i/ 
 
 
 I fee a Spirit rifing among us, too like 
 that of the Church of Ro?/ie^ of ad- 
 vancing the Clergy beyond their dnc 
 Authority, to an unjull Pitch : This 
 rather heightens Jealoufics and Preju- 
 dices againil us, than advances our real 
 Authority; and it will fortify the De- 
 figns of prolane Infidels, who dcfir^ 
 nothing more than to fee the publick 
 Miniftry ot the Church firjfl difgraccd, 
 and then aboliilicd. The carrying any 
 thing too far does commonly lead Men 
 into the other Extream : We arc the 
 Difpenfers of the Word and Sacra- 
 ments; and the more faithful and dili- 
 gent we are in this, the World will 
 pay fo much the more Rcfpe6i: and 
 Submiffion to us: And our maintain- 
 ing an Argument for more Power, 
 than we now have, will be of no ef- 
 fe6l:, unlcfs the World {ccs^ that we 
 make a good ufe of the Authority, 
 that is already in our hands : It is with 
 the Clergy as with I'rinccs; the only 
 way to keep their Prerogative from be- 
 ing uneafy to their Subjedls, and from 
 being difputed, is to manage it whol- 
 ly for their Good and Advantage; 
 then all will be for it, when they find 
 it is for them : This will prevail more 
 cffedually, than all the Arguments of 
 Lawyers, with all the Precedents of 
 
 B a former 
 
former Times. Therefore let the Cler-* 
 gy live and labour well, and they will 
 leel that as much Authority ^vill fol- 
 low that, as they will know how to 
 manage well. And to fpcak plainly; 
 Dodwel's extravagant Notions, which 
 have been too much drunk in by the 
 Clergy in my time, have weakncd the 
 Power of the Church, and foured 
 Men's Minds more againft it, than all 
 the Books wrote, or Attempts made 
 againft it, could ever have done : And 
 indeed, the fecret Poifon of thofe Prin- 
 ciples has given too many of the Cler- 
 gy a Biafs towards Popery, with an 
 Averfion to the Reformation, which 
 has brought them under much Con- 
 tempt. This is not to be recovered, 
 but by their living and labouring, as 
 they ought to do, without an eager 
 maintaining of Arguments for their 
 Authority, which will never fucceed, 
 'till they live better and labour more: 
 When I fay live better, I mean, not 
 only to live without Scandal, which I 
 have found the greateft part of them 
 do, but to lead exemplary Lives; to 
 be eminent in Humility, Meekncfs, So- 
 briety, Contempt of the World, and 
 "unfeigned Love of the Brethren ; ab- 
 ftrafted irom the vain Converfation of 
 the Wgrld, retired, and at home, 
 
 faftiflg 
 
 i 
 
 } 
 
 fading often, joining Prayer and Medi- 
 tation with it ; without which, fafting 
 may do well with relation to the Bo- 
 dy, but will fignify little with relati- 
 on to the Mind. 
 
 If, to fuch a courfe of Life, Cler- 
 gymen would add a little more La- 
 bour, not only performing publick 
 Offices, and preaching to the Edifica- 
 tion of the People, but watching over 
 them, inftruding them, exhorting, re- 
 proving, and comforting them, as oc- 
 cafion is given, from Houfe to Houfe, 
 making their Calling the Bufinefs of 
 their whole Life ; they would foon 
 find their own Mir In grow to be in a 
 better Temp r% i People would 
 
 fhew more t m and Regard for 
 them, and a Blelfmg from God would at- 
 tend upon their Labours. I fay it with 
 great regret, I have obferved the Cler- 
 gy, in all the Places thro' which I have 
 travelled, Papifts, Lutherans, Calvi- 
 nifts, and Diflfenters ; but of them all, 
 our Clergy is much the moll remifs in 
 their Labours in private, and the leaft 
 fevere in their Lives. Do not think I 
 fay this to expofc you, or to defame 
 this Church ; thofe Cenfures have 
 pafs'd on me for my Freedom during 
 my Life, God knows how unjuftly, 
 my Defigns being all to awaken the 
 
 B 3 Clergy, 
 
Clerg)', and by that means to prefervc 
 the Church ; for which, He, who 
 knows all things, knows how much 
 and how long 1 have been mourning 
 in fecrct, and fading and praying be- 
 fore him. And let me fay this treely 
 to you, now that I am out of the reach 
 6fEaivy and Cenfurc, unlefs abetter 
 Spirit polfclles the Clergy,Arguments, 
 (and which is more ) Laws and Au- 
 thority will not prove ftrong enough 
 to prefervc the Church ; efpccially if 
 the Nation obferves a Progrefs in that 
 Biafs, which makes many lo favourable 
 to Popcrv, and fo fevere towards the 
 Pilienters ^ this will recommend them 
 the more to Pity and Favour, and will 
 draw a general Odium upon you, that 
 may end in your Ruin, or in a Perfe- 
 cution ; for which the Clergy of this 
 Ago fecm to be very little prepared : 
 God grant thofc of the next may be 
 more fo. 
 
 Oh my Brethren, (for I fpeak to 
 you as if I were among you,) think 
 what manner of Perfons yon ought to 
 be, in all Holy Converfation and God- 
 linefs, thatfo you may fliincas Lights, 
 in the World : Think of tho Account 
 you mull give, for thofc Immortal 
 Souls committed to your care, which 
 were redeemed by the Blood of Chrift, 
 
 who 
 
 who has fcnt you in his Name, to per- . 
 fuade them to be reconciled to God, 
 and at lafl: to prefcnt them to him 
 faultlefs with exceeding Joy ; he fees 
 and obferves your Labours, and will 
 recompence them glorioufly in that 
 great jDay. 
 
 I leave all thefe things on your Con- 
 fciences, and pray earneflly that God 
 may givehisBlelling to this pofthumous 
 Labour of mine, that our Church may 
 be fo built up by your Labours, that 
 it may continue to be long the Joy of 
 the whole Earth, in the Pcrfedion of 
 its Beauty, and may be a Pattern, as 
 well as give ProtecStion, to all the 
 Churches of God. ka aa - 
 
 I oow turn to my Brethren and^J^^^he 
 Succeflbrs in the Epifcopal Order : ^jfl^ops. 
 You are they in whole hands the Go- 
 verment of the Church is put ; in fornc 
 refpecSs it is believed to oe wholly in 
 you, tho' I know, and have have often 
 felt it, that your Power is fo limited, 
 that you can do little ; Exemptions 
 (a fcandalous Remnant of Popery) 
 take a great part of your Dioccfs out 
 of your hands. This I have often 
 wondered at, that fome who plead, 
 tiut the Goverment of the Church is 
 fettled by Divine Authority in the Bi* 
 jptops, can yet, by the virtue of Papal 
 
 Bulls, 
 
Bulls, confirmed by an unhappy Claufc 
 in an Aft of Parliament, excrcifc E- 
 pifcopal Jurifdicaion ; which is plainly 
 to ad by virtue of the Secular rower, 
 in oppofition to that, which, accord- 
 ing to their Principles, is fettled by 
 a Divine Appointment. Archdeacons 
 Vilitations were an Invention of the 
 latter Ages, in which the Bifliops, 
 neglcfting their Duty, caft a great 
 part of their Care upon them : Now 
 their Vifitations are only for Form 
 and for Fees j and they arc a Charge 
 on the Clergy ; fo, when this Matter 
 is well looked into, I hope Archdea- 
 cons, with many other Burdens that 
 lay heavy on the Clergy, Ihall be ta- 
 ken away. A i the various Inftru- 
 iMcnts, upon which heavy Fees muft 
 be raifed, were the infamous Contri- 
 vances of the Canonifts, and can never 
 be maintained, when well examined. 
 I fay nothing to you of your Lives, I 
 hope you arc and fhall ever be Ihining 
 Lights; Iwifh the Pomp of Living, 
 and the keeping high Tables could be 
 quite taken away ; it is a great Charge, 
 and no very decent one ; a great Dc- 
 vourer of Time; it lets in much pro- 
 mifcuous Company, and much vain 
 Difcourfc upon you: Even Civility 
 /nay carry you too far, in a Freedom 
 
 and 
 
 
 C 55 1 
 
 and Familiarity, that ikc you 
 
 look too like the reft of the World ; I 
 hope this is a Burden to you : It was 
 indeed one of the greateft Burdens of 
 •my Life, to fee fo much Time loft, to 
 hear fo much idle Talk, and to be 
 living in a luxurious Wafte of that, 
 which might have been much better 
 bcftowed. I had not ftrengh enough 
 to break thro* that, which Cuftom has 
 impofedonthofe, provided with plen- 
 tiful Biftiopricks ; I pray God to help 
 j^ou to find a decent way of laying 
 this down. 
 
 The Wives and Children of Bifliops 
 ought to be exemplary in their Appa- 
 rel, and in their whole Deportment; 
 remembring that no parr of the Bi- 
 fliops Honours belongs to them : The 
 Wife of a Bilhop ought to vifit the 
 Widow and the Fatherlefs, and by a 
 grave Authority, inftrucft and admo- 
 nilh as well as oblige and favour the 
 Wives of the reft ot the Clergy. 
 
 The Children of Bifliops ought to 
 be well inftrudled, and managed with 
 all Gravity ; Bifliops ought not to 
 prefs them beyond their inclination^^ "^ 
 take Orders : For this looks as if they 
 would thruft them, how unfit or un- 
 willing foever, into fuch Preferments 
 as they can give or procure for them : 
 
 On 
 
 i.. 
 
1,6-] 
 
 On the contrary, tho' their Children 
 fli aid defire ro go into Orders, they 
 ouohc not to fufier it, unlefs they fee 
 in ih m a good Mind and linccrelnten- 
 tioas, with the other neceffary Qua- 
 lih .ati^>ns ; in which they cannot be 
 deceived, unlefs they have a mind to 
 decr^ive thcmfelves : It is a betraying 
 of their Truil, and the worfi fort of 
 Simony, to provide Children with 
 great Dignities and Benefices, only as 
 an Eftate to be given them, without a 
 due regard to their Capacities or Tem- 
 pers. Ordinations are the only Parts 
 ol the Epifcopal FuntHon, on which 
 the Law has laid no Reftraint ; fo this 
 ought to be heavy on your Thoughts. 
 Ordination Weeks were always 
 dreadful Things to me, when I re- 
 membred thofe Words, L.ay Hands 
 fuddenly on no Mav^ be not Partaker of 
 other Men's Sins : Keep thyfelfpnre. It 
 is rrue, thofe who came to me were 
 generally well prepared as to thei;- Stu- 
 dies, and they brought Teftimonials 
 and Titles, which is all that in our 
 
 frcfcnt Conftitution can be demanded : 
 never put over the examining them 
 to my (Jhaplains : I did that always 
 niyfelf, and examined tlicm chiefly on 
 the Proofs of Revealed Religion, and 
 the Terms of Salvation, and the new 
 
 Covenant 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 ? 
 
 r 
 
 L^7l 
 
 Covenant thro' Chrift ; for thofe arc 
 the Fundamentals : But my principal 
 Care was to awaken their Confciences, 
 to make them conlider whether they 
 had a Motion of the Holy Ghoft, cal- 
 ling them to the Fundion, and to 
 make them apprehend, what belonged 
 both to a Spiritual Life, and to the 
 Paftoral Care. On thefc Subjeds I 
 fpoke much and often to every one of 
 tnem a-part, and fometimes to them all 
 together, belides the publick Exami- 
 nation of them with my Chapter. 
 
 This was all that I could do : But An Txpe. 
 alas! how defective is this! Audit is ^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 too well known how eafy the Clergy o'j|JJfjj. 
 are, in figning Teftimonials: That ons. 
 which I here propofc is, that every 
 Man, who intends to be ordained, 
 Ihould be required to come and ac- 
 quaint the Biftiop with it a Year be- 
 fore: that fo he may then talk to his 
 Confcience, and give him good Direc- 
 tions, both as to his Studies and the 
 Courfe of his Life and Devotions; and 
 that he may recommend him to the 
 Care and Infpcdion of the beft Cler- 
 gymen, that he knows in the Neigh- 
 bourhood where he lives; that fo he 
 may have from him, by fomc other 
 Conveyance than the Perfon concer- 
 ned, fuch aa Account of him as he may 
 
 rely 
 
ft 
 
 of a Bi- 
 {hop. 
 
 [aS] 
 
 rely on. This is all that can be pro- 
 pofed, till our Univerfities are put in 
 a better Method, or till Seminaries 
 can be raifed, for maintaining a num- 
 ber of Perfons, to be duly prepared 
 for holy Orders. 
 TheDutles As to the Labours of a Bifhop, 
 they ought to think themfelves obliged 
 to preach, as much as their Health 
 and Age can admit of; this the Form 
 of ordaining Bifhops fees before them, 
 together with the Senfe of the Church 
 in all Ages; the complaint ot'the beft 
 Men, in thc5 worft Ages, ihews how- 
 much the Sloth and Lazinefs of Bi- 
 fliops will be cried out on, and how 
 acceptable the Labours of preaching 
 Biftiops have always been : The Peo- 
 ple run to hear them, and hearken to 
 their Sermons, with more than ordi- 
 nary Attention : You will find great 
 Comfort in your Labours this way, 
 and will fee the Fruits of them. The 
 difcreet Conduft of your Clergy is to 
 be your chief care ; keep not at too 
 great a diftance, and yet let them not 
 grow too familiar : A Bilhop's dif- 
 courfe Ihould be well feaibned, turned 
 chiefly to good Subjeds, Inftruftion 
 in rhc utters of Religion, and the 
 Pa r-- And the more diverting 
 
 on jhc CO be matters of Learning, 
 
 Cri^ 
 
 t ^P ] 
 Criticifm, or Hiftory. It is in the 
 power of a Biftiop to Jet no Man de^ 
 Jpi/e him. 
 
 A grave but fweet Deportment and 
 y I ^ a holy Converfation will coniin^nd a 
 general RefpeA ; and as for fome hot 
 and froward Spirits, the Icfs they arc 
 meddled with, they will be the Icfs 
 able to do mifchief ; they delight ia 
 oppofition, w hich they think will make 
 them the more confiderable* I have 
 had much experience this way, no- 
 thing mortifies them fo much as ne- 
 gle<5l ; the more abflra'^led Bifhops 
 live (from the World, from Courts, 
 from Cabals, and from Parties) they 
 will have the more quiet within them- 
 felves; their Thoughts will be free and 
 lefs intangled, and they will in con- 
 clufion be the more refpedtcd by all, 
 efpecially if an Integrity and a juft, 
 Freedom appear among them in the 
 Houfe of iiOrds, where they will be 
 much obferved ; and Judgments will 
 be made of them there, that will fol- 
 low them home to their DiocefTes. 
 
 Nothing will alienate the Nation Their Ab- 
 more from them, than their becoming ftra£tion 
 Tools to a Court, and giving up the p "^ 
 Liberties of their Country, and ad- 3nd"in- 
 vancing Arbitrary Defigns ; nothing trigues. 
 will work mgrc cffcftualiy on the Dil- 
 
 fcn-tcrs, 
 
 S 
 
 /' 
 
C3ol 
 
 fenters, than a courfe of Moderation 
 towards them ; this will dilarm their 
 Pallions, and when that is done, they 
 may be better dealt with in point of 
 Reafon ; all care ought to be taken, 
 to ftifle new Contioverlks in their 
 birth, to check new Opinions and vain 
 Curiolities. 
 
 Upon the whole matter, Biftiops 
 ought to confider, that the honour 
 given them, and the Revenues belong- 
 ing to them, are fuch Rewards for 
 former Services, and fuch Encourage- 
 ments to go on to more Labour and 
 Diligence, as ought to be improved, 
 as fo many Helps and Advantages for 
 carrying on the Work of the Gofpel, 
 and their heavenly Father's bufmefs : 
 They ought to meditate on thefe things j 
 and he ijohoUy in them ; fo that their 
 profiting may appear to all. They ought 
 to preach infeafon^ and out of feafon^ to 
 eshort^ admonijh^ and rebuke^ isiith all 
 
 Authority. 
 
 But if they abandon themfelvcs to 
 Sloth and Lilenefs, if they ncgleft 
 their proper Function, and follow a 
 fccular, a vain, a covetous or a luxu- 
 rious Courfe of Life ; if they, not con- 
 tent with educating their Children 
 well, and with fuch a Competency as 
 may fee them afloat in the World, 
 
 think 
 
 I 
 
 in 
 
 ( 
 
 r3ii 
 
 think of building up their ownHoufes, 
 and raifmg up great Eltates, ihey vmU 
 put the World on many unacceptal ie 
 Enquiries: Wherefore is this Waite 
 made ? Why are thefe Revenues con- 
 tinued to Men, who make fuch an ill 
 ufe of them ? and why is an Order 
 kept up, that does the Church fo lit- 
 tle good, and gives ic lb much Scan- 
 dal ? The Violences of Archbiihop 
 Laud^ and his promoting ar'»)irrary 
 Power ruined himielf and the Cnurch 
 both. A return of the like pradices 
 will bring with it the like dreadlul 
 Confequences : The Labours and the 
 Learning, the Moderation and good 
 Lives ot the Bifhops of this Age have 
 changed the Nation much, with rela- 
 tion to them, and have pofTefTcd them 
 of a general Efteem ; fome fiery Spi- 
 rits only excepted, who hate and re- 
 vile them for that, which is their true 
 Glory: I hope another Age may car- 
 ry this yet much further, that fo they 
 may be univerfally looked on as the 
 true and tender-hearted Fathers of the 
 
 Church. 
 
 The Affinity of the matter leads me, Concern'- 
 before I enter on another Scene, to fay ing Pa- 
 fomewhat concerning the Patronage of"°*^- 
 Benefices, which have a Care of Souls 
 
 belonging to them : it is a noble Dig- 
 nity 
 
c 
 
 ^ 
 
 a Family ; it was highly ef- 
 in the times of Popery, be- 
 
 nity m 
 teemed 
 
 caul'e the Patron was to be named, in 
 all the Maffcs faid in his Church : 
 There is a more real value in it in our 
 Conftitution, lince the Patron has the 
 Nomination of him, to whom the Care 
 of Souls is to be committed^ which 
 mull take place, unlefs fome juft and 
 legal Ex'ception can be made by the 
 Bifhop. Even that is not eafy to be 
 maintained, in the Courts of Law, 
 where the Bilhop will foon be run into 
 fo great an Ex pence, that I am afraid 
 many, rather than venture on that, re- 
 ceive unworthy Men into the ferviceof 
 the Church, who are in the fequel Re- 
 proaches to it ; and this is often the 
 cafe of the richeft and beft-endowcd 
 Benefices. Some fell the next Ad- 
 vowfon, which I know is faid to be le- 
 gal, tho' the Incumbent lies at the 
 point of Death ; others do not flick to 
 buy and fell Benefices, when open and 
 vacant, tho' this is declared to be Si- 
 mony by Law : Parents often buy 
 them for their Children, and reckon 
 that is their Portion; in that cafe, 
 it is true, there is no Perjury in 
 taking the Oath, for the Perfon pre- 
 fented is no party to the Bargain : Of- 
 ten Ecclcfiafticks thcmfclves buy the 
 
 next 
 
 L 33 ] 
 next Advowfon, and lodge it with 
 Trullecs for their own Advantage. 
 
 Where nothing of all this Traffick 
 intervenes, Patrons bellow Benefices 
 U on their Children or Friends, without 
 conlidering either their Abilities or 
 Merit ; Favour or Kindred being the 
 only thing that weighs with them. 
 When all this is laid together, how 
 great a part of the Benefices oiRvgland 
 aredifpofed of, if not limoniacally, yet 
 at leall unworthily, without regard 
 to fo facred a Truir, as the Care of 
 Souls ? Certainly Patrons, who with- 
 out due Care and Enquiry, put Souls 
 into bad hands, have much to anfwcr for. 
 I will not fay, that a Patron is 
 bound always to beflow his Church 
 on the bcfl Man he can find ; that may 
 put him on Anxieties, out of which it 
 will not be eafy to extricate himfelf ; 
 nor will it be always poffible to bal- 
 lance the different Excellencies of 
 Men, who may have various Talents, 
 that lie feveral ways, and all of them 
 may be ufeful, fome more, fome lefs: 
 But in this I am politive, that no Pa- 
 , tron anfwcrs the Obligation of that 
 Fruft, unlefs he is well perfuaded, that 
 the Clerk he prcfents is a truly good 
 Man,' has a competent meafure of 
 Knowledge, Zeal and Difcretion, fo 
 
 Q fuited 
 
-'I 
 
 L 34 1 
 fuited to the People, for whom he 
 names him, that he has reafon to be- 
 lieve, he will be a fiiithlbl Paftor and a 
 prudent Guide to them. 
 
 Patrons ought to take this on their 
 Confcieace, to manage it with great 
 caution, and in the Fear of God, and 
 not to enter into that filthy Merchan- 
 dize pf the Souls of Men, which is too 
 common ; it is like to be a Moth on 
 their Eftates, and may bring a Curfe 
 on their Families, as well as on their 
 Perfons. 
 
 1 do not enter into the fcandalous 
 Non-refi- Practices of Non-rcfidcncc and Plura- 
 
 Pi.?r?i; i^^i^s^ ^^'^i^^f^ ^^e Iheltred by fo many 
 jigj Colours oi i.aw among us ; whereas 
 
 the Church oi Romcy from whence we 
 bad thofe and many other Abufes, has 
 freed herfelf frgm this, under which 
 we ftill labour, to our great and juft 
 Reproach : This is fo fhameful a fto- 
 fiination of Holy Things, that it ought 
 to be treated with Dcteftation and 
 Horrour : Do fuch Men think on the 
 Vows, they made on their Ordination ; 
 on the Rules in the Scriptures, or on 
 the Nature of their Fundion, or that 
 k is a Care of Souls ? How long, how 
 Ipng fhall tjhis be the peculiar Dif- 
 grace of our Church, which, for aught 
 
 I know, is the only Church in the 
 
 World 
 
 N 
 
 \ 
 
 World that tolerates it ? I mull add, 
 that I do not reckon the holding poor 
 Livingsthat lie contiguous, a Plurality, 
 where both are looked alter, and both 
 afford only a competent Maintenance. 
 I have now gone thro' the mod im- 
 portant things, that occur to rriy 
 Thoughts with relation to the Clergy : Concern 
 I turn next to fuch Obfervations, Re- ing the 
 fledions, and Advices, as relate to ^°^>' ^^ 
 the Laity. I begin with the Body of '^^^ ^'^^ 
 the People : The Commonalty ot this-^ *^* 
 Nation are much the happicft, and 
 live the eafieft and the mof£ plentiful- 
 ly of any, that ever I faw : they are 
 very fagacious and skilful in managing 
 all their Concerns ; but at the lame 
 time it is not to be conceived how ig- 
 norant they are, in the Matters of Re- 
 ligion : The Diflenters have a much 
 larger fhare of Knbwledge among 
 them, than is among thofc who come 
 to our Churches. This is the more to 
 be wondered at, confidering the Plain- 
 nefs, in which Matters of Religion are 
 wrote in this Age, and the many fmalE 
 Books concerning thcfe, that have been 
 publifhed of late Years, which go ac 
 eafy Rates, and of which manylliou- 
 fands arc every Tear fent about, by 
 charitable Societies in London^ to bo 
 freely given- to fuch as wiU but t^e 
 
 C 2 them. 
 
[36 3 
 
 them,and read them : So that this Igno- 
 rance ibcms to be obftinate and incurable. 
 Upon this Subject, all that I can 
 propofc, lies in two Advices to the 
 Clergy : The one is, that they cate- 
 chize the Youth much at Church, not 
 only asking the Qucftions and hearing 
 the Anfwers, but joining to that the 
 explaining the Terms in other Words, 
 and by turning to the Bible for fuch 
 Paflages, as prove or enlarge on them : 
 The doing this conllantly, would in- 
 fulc into the next Age, a higher mea- 
 fure of Knowledge, than the prefcnt 
 is like to be blefs'd with. T ong Ser- 
 mons, in which Points of Divinity or 
 Morality are regularly handled, are 
 above the Capacity of the People ; 
 Ihort and plain ones, upon a large 
 Portion of Scripture, would be bet- 
 ter hearkened to, and have a much 
 better efFed: ; they would make the 
 Hearers underftand and love the Scrip- 
 tures more. Preachers ought to dwell 
 often, in their Sermons, on thofe Sins 
 that their Hearers muft needs know 
 themfelves guilty of, if they are fo ; 
 fuch as Swearing, Lying, Cheating, 
 Drunkennefs, Leud Deportment, 
 Breach of Promife, Love of the World, 
 Anger, Envy, Malice, Pride and Lu- 
 xury : Short Difcourfcs upon thefc, 
 
 iind 
 
 ^ 
 
 'f 
 
 J/ J 
 
 and often repeated,in many Glances and 
 Refleftions on them, fetting forth the 
 real Evil of them, with the ill Confe- 
 quences that follow, not only to o- 
 thers, but to the Pcrfons themfelves, 
 are the befl means can be thought of, 
 for reforming them ; and thele will 
 have an effedrt onfome, if not on many. 
 But above all, and in order to all the 
 reft, they ought to be called on, upon 
 all occafions, to reflect on their ways, 
 to conlider how they live, to pray in 
 fccret to God, confelfing their Sins to 
 him, begging Pardon and Mercy for 
 what is paft, and his Holy Spirit to 
 afTift, ftrengthen, and direft them for 
 the time to come, forming iincere Re- 
 folutions to amend their ways, with 
 relation to every particular Sin, that 
 they find they may have fallen into. 
 If the Clergy will faithfully do their 
 Duty in this method, and join to it 
 earneft Prayers for their People, they 
 may hope thro' the blelling of God to 
 fucceed better in their Labours. The 
 People ought to be often put in mind 
 of the true End of the Reft on the 
 Lord's Day, which is chiefly to give 
 them time and Opportunity, for Me- 
 ditations and Reflexions on themfelves, 
 on what they have faid or done, and 
 on what has befallen them the former 
 . - C 3 Week; 
 
of the 
 Gentry, 
 
 i 3^ J 
 
 Wjpck ; ftfld to conlidcr what may be 
 belore them, in the Week they are 
 entring tjfi. Minifters ought to vifit 
 their People, not only when they are 
 lick unto jDeath, but when they are in 
 an ill Hate ol Health, or when they 
 ^re under Afflidion : Thefe are the 
 times, in which their Spirits are ten- 
 der, and they will bed bear with a due 
 freedom, which ought to be managed, 
 in the difcreetcil and moft aftoftionate 
 manner: And a Clergyman ought not 
 to be a Refpcder of rerfons, and ne- 
 gledt the meaneft of his Cure : They 
 p^vc as immortal Souls as thcgreateft, 
 ^nd for which Chrift has paid the fame 
 
 ^anfom- 
 
 From the Commonalty I turn to 
 the Gentry : They arc for the moil 
 part the worft inftrudcd, and the lead 
 Knowing of any of their Rank, I ever 
 went amongft. The Scotch^ tho' left 
 able to bear the Expcncc of a learned 
 Education, arc much more knowing : 
 The Reafon of which is this j the 
 ScQtcb^ even of indifferent Fortunes, 
 fend private Tutors with their Chil- 
 dren, both to Schools and Colleges ; 
 thcfe look "^"^ ^ '^men 
 
 Morning 
 "^vi.th tht 
 
 y 
 
 'er 
 
 \> 
 
 y 
 
 I 
 
 C 39 ] 
 They generally go abroad a Year or 
 two, and fee the World ; this obli- 
 ges them to behave themfelves well. 
 Whereas a Gentleman here is often 
 both ill taught and ill bred : This 
 makes him haughty and infolent. The 
 Gentry are not early acquainted with 
 the Principles of Religion : So that, 
 after they have forgot their Catechifm, 
 they acquire no more new Know- 
 ledge, but what they learn in Plays 
 and Romances : They grow foon to 
 find it a modifli thing, that looks like 
 Wit and Spirit, to laugh at Religion 
 and Virtue ; and fo become crude and 
 unpoliflied Infidels. If they have ta- 
 ken a wrong Tincture at the Univer- 
 fity, that too often difpofes them to 
 hate and defpife all thofe, who fepa- 
 rate from the Church, tho' they can 
 give no beffrr Reafon than the Papifts 
 have for h ^?reticks,bccaufe they 
 
 forfake the i i : In thofe Seats of 
 
 Education. : iftead of bding formed to 
 
 and Cortftitutionj 
 
 love their c 
 th** Laws an 
 ! r difpo 
 
 # & ^ sj^'i*^ V 
 
 \ i ^ 
 
 k 
 
 3 of it, they arc 
 Arbitrary Go- 
 become Slaves to 
 A Change of In- 
 or foitie other 
 -em right again 
 but they have no 
 
 in- 
 
The Dan 
 ger of 
 ]ofing 
 Publick 
 Liberty, 
 
 [40I 
 
 inward Principle ot Love to theif 
 Country, and of publick Liberty : So 
 that they are ealily brought to like 
 Slavery, if they may be the Tools for 
 managing it. 
 
 This is a difmal Rcprefentation of 
 things ; I have feen the Nation thrice, 
 on the brink of Ruin, by Men thus 
 tainted. After the Reftoration, all 
 were running fad into Slavery ; had 
 King Charles the Second been atten- 
 tive "to thole bad Deligns (which he 
 purfued afterwards with more cau- 
 tion) upon his firll: Return, Slavery 
 and Abfolute Power might then have 
 been fettled into a Law, with a Rcv^c- 
 venue able to maintain it : He play'd 
 away that Game without thought, and 
 he had then honcft Minifters, who 
 would not ferve him in it ; after all 
 that he did, during the Courfc of his 
 Reign, it wasfcarce credible, that the 
 flimc Temper fliould have returned in 
 his Time ; yet he recovered it in the 
 lall four Years of his Reign ; and the 
 (jentry oiEughiud were as Aiirfive and 
 Zealous, to throw up all their Liber- 
 ties, as their Anccftors ever had been 
 to preferve them. This continued a- 
 bove half a Year in his Brother's Reign ; 
 and he depended lb much upon it, that 
 he thought it could never go out of., 
 
 his 
 
 
 « 
 
 1 41 ] 
 
 hfs hands: But he, or rather his Priefts, 
 had the Skill and Dexterity to play this 
 Game likevviic away, and lofe it a fc- 
 cond time ; fo that, at the Revoluti- 
 on, all feemed to come again into their 
 Wits. But Men, who have no Prin- 
 ciples, cannot be fleady ; now the 
 greater part of the capital Gentry feem 
 to return again to a Love of Tyranny, 
 provided they may be the Under-Ty- 
 rants themfelves ; and they feem to be 
 even uneafy with a Court, when it 
 will not be as much a Court as they 
 would have it. This is a folly of fo par- 
 ticular a nature, that really it wants a 
 Name; it is natural for poor Men, 
 who have little to lofe, and much 
 to hope for, to become the Inrtru- 
 ments of Slavery ^ but it is an extrava- 
 gance, peculiar to our Age, to fee 
 rich Men grow as it were in love with 
 Slavery and Arbitrary Power. The 
 Root of all this is, that our Gentry 
 are not betimes poireiled with a true 
 Mcafure of folid Knowledge and found 
 Religion, with a Love to their Coun- 
 try, a Hatred of Tyranny, and a Z/Cal 
 for Liberty. ^Ititarch's Lives, with 
 the Greek and Roman Hiftory, ought to 
 be early put in their hands ; they ought 
 to be well acquainted with all Hiftory, 
 more particularly that of our own Na- 
 *. } tion; 
 
I, -+- J 
 tion ; which they Ihould not read irt 
 Abridgments, but in the fuUeft and 
 moft copious Colleftors of it, that 
 they may fee to the bottom, what is 
 our Conftitution, and what are our 
 Laws, what are the Methods bad Prin- 
 ces have taken to enflave us, and by 
 whatCondu6l we have been preferved: 
 Gentlemen ought to obferve thefe 
 things, and to entertain one another 
 often upon thefe Subjeds, to raifc in 
 thcmfelves, and to fprcad around them 
 to all others -i noble Ardour for Law 
 and Liberty. r ought to under- 
 
 lland Poper , to view it in its 
 
 Politicks, as well as in its religious 
 Corruptions, that they may obferve 
 and guard againft their fecreteft Prac- 
 tices '^ particularly that main one, that 
 prevails fo fatally among us, of mak- 
 ing us defpife the foreign Churches, 
 and hate the Diflenters at home. The 
 whole Body of Proteftants, if united, 
 might be an equal Match to the Church 
 ot Rome: It is muchfupcriourto them 
 in Wealth and in Force, if it were ani- 
 mated with the Zeal, which the Mo- 
 iiaftick Orders, but chiefly the Jefuits^ 
 Ipread thro' their whole Communion : 
 Whereas the Reformed arc cold and 
 unconcerned, as well as disjointed in 
 Matters that relate r* Religion. The 
 
 chief 
 
 [43l 
 
 chief Maxim by which Men, who have 
 a true Zeal for their Religion and 
 heir Country, ought to govern them- 
 Ives, is, to live within the Extent 
 ^f their Eftates, to be above Lux .w 
 and Vanity, and all Expence^ t 
 wafte their Fortunes : Lu xury mu^t 
 driv e them to court F^vonr^ to depend 
 on Mihilters, and to afpire after Pl a- 
 ces lind Penfinns ; and as the fcekmg 
 aTTcr theic docc oicen compleat the 
 Ruin of broken Families, io in many 
 they prove only a Reprieve, and not 
 a Recovery ; whereas he, wKo is con- 
 tented with his Fortune, and meafures 
 his way of Living by it, has another 
 Root within him ; out of which every 
 noble and generous Thought will na- 
 turally fbring. Publick Liberty has 
 no fure Foundation but in Virtue, in 
 Parfimony and Moderation : Where 
 thefe fail. Liberty may be preferved 
 Accidents and Circumftances of Af- 
 iu. fs, but it has no bottom to reft fe- 
 curely on. A knowing and virtuous 
 n Icman, who underltands his Reli-^ 
 gion and loves it, who pra(5iifes the 
 true Rules of Virtue, without Affcc- 
 ^ ration and Morofenefs, who knows e- 
 qough of Law, to keep his Neigh- 
 bours in order, and to give them good 
 Advice : who keeps Meetings for his 
 
 Coun- 
 
 x/ 
 
[ 44 J 
 
 County, and rcilrains Vice and Difor- 
 ders at them ; who lives hofpirably, 
 frugally and charitably ; who refpeils 
 and encourages good Clergymen, and 
 worfhipsGod, both in hisFamily andat 
 Church ; who educates hisChildrcn well, 
 who treats his Servants gently,and deals 
 equitably with his Tenants and all o- 
 thers, with whom he has any Concerns; 
 fuch a Man (hincs, and is a publick Blcf- 
 fing to all that fee him, or come near 
 him. Some fuch Inftances are yet left a- 
 mong us J but alas ? there are not many 
 of them. Can there be any thing more 
 barbarous, or rather treacherous, than 
 for Gentlemen to think it is one of the 
 Honours of their Houfes, that none 
 iViuft go out of them fober ; it is but 
 a little more infamous to poifon them ; 
 and yet this paffcs as a Charadcr of a 
 noble Houfe-keeper, who entertains 
 his Friends kindly. Idlencfs and Ig- 
 norance are the Ruin of the greateft 
 part, who, if they arc not fit tor bet- 
 ter things, fliould dcicend to any thing, 
 rather than fu'dcr themfclves to fink 
 into Sloth ; thit will carry them to 
 the Excelfes of Hunting, Gaming, and 
 Drinking, which may ruin both Soul, 
 Body and Eftate. If a Man, by an 
 ill-managed or a ncgleftcd Education, 
 is fo turnal, that every fort of Study 
 
 or 
 
 1:4.5 J 
 
 or 'Reading is a Burden; then he 
 ought to try if he has a Genius to any 
 Mechanifin, that may be an Enter- 
 tainment to him : The managing a 
 ( i Garden is a noble, and may be made 
 ^ a ufeful Amufemcnt ; the taking fome 
 part oi his Eftate into his own hands, 
 if he looks carefully to it, will both 
 employ his time well, and may turn 
 to a good Account ; in a word, fome 
 Employments may be better than o- 
 thcrs ; but there is no Employment 
 fo bad, as the having none at all ; the 
 Mind wall contrad a Ruft, and an 
 Unfitnefs for every good thing ; and a 
 Man mull either hll up his Time with 
 good, or at leafl innocent Bufinefs, or 
 it will run to the vvorft fort of Wafte, 
 to Sin and Vice, 
 
 I have often thought it a great Er- Errors in 
 ror, to wallc young Gentlemens Years Hduca- 
 fo long, in learning L<^/;;/, by To te- ^^o"- 
 dious a Grammar ; 1 know thofe who 
 are bred to the Profeffions in Litera- 
 ture, muft have the Lati^; corredly ; 
 and for that, the Rules of Grammar 
 are neceflary : but thefe are not at all 
 rcquifite to thofe, who need only fo 
 'much Latif/y as thoroughly to under- 
 lland and delight in the Roma?; Au- 
 thors and Poets. But fuppofe a Youth 
 had, either for want of Memory or of • 
 
 Ap- 
 
t46] 
 
 AppHcation^ an incurable Avcrfion 
 to Latin^ his Education is not for 
 than to be defpaired of; there is much 
 noble Knowkdgc to be had in the £;/^- 
 J/fhand French Languages; Geography, 
 Hiftory, chiefly that of our own Coun- 
 try, the Knowledge of Nature, and the 
 more praftical Parts of the Mathema- 
 ticks (if he has not a Genius for the 
 demonftrative) may make a Gentle- 
 man very knowing, tho' he has not a 
 Word of Latin ; there is a Finenefs 
 of Thought, and a Noblenefs of Ex- 
 prefTion indeed in the Lattn Authors, 
 that will make them the Entertain- 
 ment of a ALm's whole Life, if he once 
 underftands and reads them with de- 
 light : But if this cannot be attained 
 to, I would not have it reckoned, that 
 the Education of an ill Latin Scholar 
 is to be given over. A competent 
 meafurcof the Knowledge of the Law 
 is a good Foundation, for diftinguifh- 
 ing a Gentleman ; but I am in doubt, 
 whether his being for fomc time in the 
 Inns of Court will contribute much to 
 this, if he is not a iludious Pcrfon ; 
 Thofe who think they are there, only 
 to pafs away fo many of their Years, 
 commonly run together, and live both 
 idly and vicioufly. I (hould imagine 
 it a much better way, thp' it is not 
 
 much 
 
 [47] 
 
 ii 
 
 ^ \ 
 
 pra61ifed,to get a learned young 
 Lawyer, who has not got into much 
 Bufincfs, to come and pafs away a 
 long Vacation or two with a Gentle- 
 man, to carry him through fuch an In- 
 trodudion to the Study of the Law, 
 as may give him a full View of it, and 
 good Directions how to profecute his 
 Study in it. A competent Skill in 
 this makes a Man very ufcful in his 
 Country, both in conducting his own 
 Affairs, and in giving good Advice to 
 thofe about him : It will enable him 
 to be a c?^ood Juftice of Peace, and to 
 fettic Matters by Arbitration, fo as 
 to prevent Law-fuits ; and, which 
 ought to be the Top of an Englijh Gen- 
 tleman's Ambition, to be an able Par- 
 liament Man : to which no Gentleman 
 ought to pretend, unlefs he has a true 
 Zeal for his Country, with an inflexi- 
 ble Integrity and Refolution to pur- 
 fiic what appears to him juft and right, 
 I r the good of the Publick : The 
 
 i * is the Fountain of Law, 
 
 :t Fence of Liberty; and no fort 
 
 i ' -aon is fo neceilary for a Gen- 
 
 i, as that which may qualify 
 I ^ ppear there with Figure and 
 
 t i a jmen in their Marriages ought And 
 to confider a great many things more War- 
 
 than '^*S«* 
 
 in 
 
> 
 
 [48] 
 
 than Fortune, tho', generally fpcalc- 
 ing, that is the only thing fought lor : 
 A good Undcrftanding, good Princi- 
 ples, and a good Temper, with a li- 
 beral Education, and acceptable Per- 
 fon, are the firtl things to be confider- 
 cd : And certainly Fortune ought to 
 come after all thcfe. Thofe Bargains 
 now in falhion make oftcp unhallowed 
 Marriages, in which (belides the grea- 
 ter Evils) more Fortune is ofccn waft- 
 ed, than is brought, with a vain,^ a 
 foolifh,an indifcreet and a hated Wife. 
 The firft Thought in choofmg a Wife 
 ought to be, to find a Help meet for 
 the Man : In a married State the mu- 
 tual Study of both ought to be to help 
 and plcafe one another : This is the 
 Foundation of all domcftick Happi- 
 nefs ; as to ftay at home and to love 
 home, is the greateft help to Induftry, 
 Order and the good Government of a 
 Family. I have dwelt the longer on 
 this Article, becaufe on the forming 
 the Gentry well, the good Govern- 
 ment of the Nation, both in and out 
 of Parliament, does fo much depend. 
 Of TnJe • As for the Men of Trade and Bufi- 
 and In- ncfs, they arc, generally fpeaking, the 
 duftry. Y)c{i Bod\ in the Nation, generous, fo- 
 ber, and charitable : So that, while 
 the People in the Country are fo inw 
 
 merfcd 
 
 i: 49 3 
 
 ni rfed in their Affairs, that the Senfe 
 of Religion cannot reach them, there 
 is a better Spirit Itirring in our Ci- 
 ties ; more Knowledge, more Zeal, 
 and more Charity, with a great deal 
 more of Devotion. There may be 
 too much of Vanity, with too pom- 
 pous an Exteriour, mixed with thefc 
 m the capital City; but upon the 
 whole, they are the beft we have : 
 I Want of Exercife is a great Prejudice 
 ^ to their Health, and a Corrupter of 
 their Minds, by railing Vapours and 
 Melancholy, that fills many with dark 
 Thoughts, rendring Religion, which 
 affords the trueft Joy, a Burden to 
 them, and making them even a Bur- 
 den to themfelves ; this furnifhes Pre- 
 judices againft Religion to thofe, wlio 
 are but too much difpofed to feek for 
 them. The too conftant Intercourfe 
 of Vifits in Town is a vaft Confump- 
 tion of Time, and gives much occa- 
 fion to T j'k, which is at beft idle, if 
 not worie : This certainly wants Re- 
 gulation, and is the Eflfect of Idlenefs 
 and Vanity. 
 
 . The Stage is the great Corrupter of Of the 
 \he Town ; and the bad People of the Sugc. 
 Town have been the chief Corrupters 
 of the Stage, who run moft after thofe 
 Plays that defile the Stage and the Au-* 
 
lio3 
 
 dicncc : Poets will icek tor plcafc, as 
 Ailors will look for fuch Pieces, as 
 draw the moft Spedators : They pre- 
 tend their dcfign is to difcourage Vice j 
 but they do really recommend it, in 
 the moft effedual manner. It is a Ihame 
 to our Nation and Religion, to fee 
 the Stage fo reformed in France^ and 
 fo polluted ft ill in England. Molterc 
 for Comedy, and Racine^ for Tragedy, 
 are great Patterns ; few can, and as 
 few will ftudy to copy after them. But, 
 till another Scene appears, certainly 
 our Plavs are the greateft Debauchers 
 of the isation. Gaming is a wafte of 
 Time, that rifes out ot Idlenefs, and 
 is kept up by Covetoufnefs ; thofe 
 who can think, read, or write to any 
 purpofe, and thofe who underftand 
 whatConverfadon an^^ Friendftiip are, 
 will not want fuch a Help to wear out 
 the Day ; fo that upon the whole 
 matter, Sloth and Ignorance, bad K- 
 ducation and ill Cuinpany, are the 
 chief Sources of all our Vice and Dif- 
 orders. 
 Ottiu- 'The ill Methods of Schools and 
 eating the Colleges give the chief Rife to the Ir 
 ^thw Sex. regularides of the Gentry ; as the 
 breeding young Women to Vanity, 
 Preffing and a falfc Appearance of Wit 
 md Behaviour, withgut proper Work 
 
 
 s 
 
 or 
 
 or a due Meafure of Knowledge and 
 a ferious Senfe of Religion, "is the 
 Source of the Corruption of that Sex : 
 Something like Monalleries without 
 Vows would be a glorious Defign, and 
 might be fo fet on foot, as to be the 
 Honour of a Queen on the Throne : 
 But I will purfue this no further. 
 
 My next Addrefs is to the Nobi- of the 
 lity ; moft of what I have propofed to Nobiluy. 
 our Gentry does, in a more eminent 
 manner belong to them ; the higher 
 their Condition is raifed above other 
 Gentlemen, fo much the more emi- 
 nent ought they to be in Knowledge 
 and Virtue ; the Share they have in 
 Judicature in the Houfe of Lords, 
 ihould oblige them to acquaint them- 
 felves with the Rules and Principles 
 of Law; tho' an unbiafTed Integrity, 
 neither moved by Friendfhip nor Par- 
 ty, with a true Underftanding, will 
 for the moft part dire6l them in their 
 Judgment, fmce few Cafes occur, where 
 the Point of Law is dark or doubtful. 
 
 Every Perfonof a high Rank, whofe oftheir 
 Eftate can bear it, ought to have two Educa- 
 Perfons to manage his Education : the ^^°"* 
 one a Governour to form his Mind, to 
 give him true Notions, to reprefent 
 Religion and Virtue in a proper Light 
 to him, to give bim a View of Geo- 
 
 D 2 gr*^phy. 
 
graphy, not barely defcribing the 
 Maps, but adding to it the Natural 
 Hiltory of every Country, its Produc- 
 tions, Arts, and Trade, with the Re- 
 ligion and Government of the Coun- 
 try, and a general Idea of the Hiftory 
 ot the World, and of the various Re- 
 volutions, that have happened in it. 
 Such a View will open a young Per- 
 fon's Mind : It mult be often gone o- 
 ver, to fix it well. The ancient Go- 
 vernment in Greece^ but much more 
 that oi Rome^ muft be minutely deli- 
 vered, that the Difference, between a 
 juil and a vicious Government, may ^ 
 be well apprehended. The Fall of 
 the Roman Greatnefs, under the Em- 
 perors, by reafon of theabfolute Pow- 
 er, that let Vice in upon them, which 
 corrupted not only their Courts, but 
 their Armies, ought to be fully open- 
 ed : Then the Goth'tck Government, 
 and the Feudal Law fhould be clearly 
 explained, to open the Original of our 
 Conilitution. In all this, the chief Care 
 of a wife and good Former of Youth 
 ought to be, to poflefs a young Mind 
 with noble Principles of Juftice, Li- 
 berty and Virtue, as the true Bafis of 
 Government ; and with an Averfion to 
 Violence and Arbitrary Power, fervilc 
 Flattery, Fadion and Luxury, from 
 
 which 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 which the Corruption and Ruin of all 
 Governments have arifen. 
 
 To thisGovernour (qualified for all 
 this, to be fought out and hired at any 
 rate) I would join a Mailer for Lan- 
 guages and other things, in which this 
 young Lord is to be inllrufted ^ who 
 ought to be put under the Direction 
 and Eye of the Governour, that his 
 Time may not be loft in Trifles ; that 
 nothing of Pedantry or of Affedrlation 
 may be infufed into a young Mind, 
 which is to be prepared for great 
 Things. A Simplicity of Style, with 
 a true and grave Pronunciation, ought 
 to be well looked to \ and this young 
 Nobleman ought to be accuftomed, as 
 he grows up, to fpeak his Thoughts, 
 on the fudden, with a due Force and 
 Weight both of Words and Voice. I 
 have often wondered to fee Parents, 
 who are to leave vaft Eftates, and who 
 ftick at no Expencc in other Things, 
 yet be fo Frugal and Narrow in the 
 Education of their Children. They 
 owe to their Country a greater Care 
 in preparing the Eldeft, to make that 
 Figure in it, to which he is born : And 
 they owe to their younger Children, 
 who are not to be fo plentifully pro- 
 vided, fuch a liberal Education, as may 
 fit them to anfwer the Dignity of their 
 
 D 3 Birth, 
 
t 54] 
 
 Birth, and prepare them for Employ* 
 ments, by which they may in time give 
 a further Strength and Addition to 
 their F'amily. 1 have been amazed to 
 fee, how profufc feme are, in procur- 
 ing good Dancing, Fencing, and Ri-^ 
 ding-IMafters for their Children, and 
 fetting them out in fine Cloathes ; and 
 how fparing they are in that, which is 
 the chief and moft important thing, and 
 which in time may become the moft 
 ufeful, both to themfelves and to their^ 
 Country. I look on the Education of 
 the Youth, as the Foundation of all 
 that can be propofed, for bettering^ 
 the next Age: It ought to be one of 
 the chief Cares of all Governments, 
 tho' there is nothing more univerfally 
 ncglcded. How do fome of our Peers 
 Ihine, meerly by their Virtue and 
 Knowledge ; and what a contemptible 
 figure do others make, with all their 
 high Titles and great 1 j jtcs ? 
 of their Noblemen begin to ncgicd the hav- 
 ChaplaiLs.j^g(.j^^pl^jj^3 in their Houfes, and I 
 
 do not much wonder at it, when I re- 
 
 fleft on the Behaviou 
 thefc ; light and id! 
 tent, impertinent am! p 
 this want however, 
 God, and the Inftfu(!:t ^^ 
 i« quite negle<ftcd: But^ if 
 
 oo many of 
 
 \ ain and info- 
 
 V ntick ; by 
 
 Worlhip ot 
 
 . _ Servartts, 
 
 little more 
 
 care 
 
 
 
 L ^^ J 
 
 care were taken to choofc well, a Lord 
 might make a good ufc of a Chaplain, 
 not only for thofe ends, which I have 
 mentioned, but for the reading fuch 
 Books, as the Lord defires to be well 
 informed about, but has not JLeifurc 
 to perufe himfelf. Thefe he may read 
 by his Chaplain, ind receive an Ac- 
 count of them fr him, and fee what 
 are the principal gs to be learnt 
 
 from them, for u... he may find Ici- 
 fure, tho' not for the whole Book : 
 By this means he may keep his Chap- 
 lain well imployed, and may cncreafc 
 his own Stock of Knowledge, and be 
 well furnifticd with relation to all new 
 Books and new Queftions, that arc 
 darted. The Family of a Noblernan, 
 well chofcn and well ordered, might 
 look like a little Court in his Coun- 
 try : For tho' it is a Happinefs to the 
 Nan , that the great number of idle 
 and lit Retainers, that were about 
 NobL- ciently, is much reduced ; 
 
 yet ftili L muft entertain many Ser- 
 vants, ti ^ cither Nufances where 
 they live "^t a Pattern to others. 
 
 The gre , they ought to 
 
 be the . - and affable, and 
 
 morecaf ^hatfo they may, 
 
 by the be ' "ty, render 
 
 thcmfclv. ^ , heir Courts 
 
 try ; 
 
tin 
 
 try ; they ought more particularly, to 
 protcdl the Opprelled, to mortity In- 
 loiencc and Injuftice, and to enter into 
 the true Grievances of their Country j 
 that they may reprefcnt thefc, where it 
 may be proper ^ and ihew at leaft a 
 tender Care of thofe, who ought to be 
 protedked by them, if they cannot ef- 
 Icdually procure a Redrefs of their 
 Grievances. A continued Purfuit of 
 fuch Methods, with an exemplary De- 
 portment, would foon reftore the No- 
 bility to their ancient Luftrc, from 
 which they feem very fenfible how 
 much they are fallen, tho'they do not 
 take the proper Methods to recover 
 it. Have we not feen in our Time 
 four or five Lords, by their Know- 
 ledge, good Judgment and Integrity, 
 raife the Houfe of Peers to a pitch of 
 Reputation and Credit, that feemed 
 once beyond the Expedation or Belief 
 of thofe, who now fee it ? A Progrefs 
 in this Method will give them fuch 
 Authority in the Nation, that they 
 will be able, not only tofupport their 
 own Dignity, but even to fupport the 
 Throne and the Church. If fo fmall a 
 number has raifed Peerage to fuch a 
 Regard, that the People, contrary to 
 all former Precedents, have confidered 
 them more than their own Reprefen- 
 
 tativcs J 
 
 t57l 
 
 tatives; what might not be cxpeftcd 
 from a greater number purfuing the, 
 fame Methods ? Thcfe would become 
 again that, which their Title imports, 
 the Peers of the Crown as well as ot 
 the Kingdom, of which that noble 
 Right of putting on their Coronets, at 
 the Coronation, is a clear Proof. Great 
 Titles, feparated trom the great Ef- 
 tates and the Intereft their Anceflors^ 
 had in their Countries, muft link, if 
 not fupported with fomewhat of more 
 Value,great Merit andafublime Virtue. 
 
 After I have offered what I think of Concern- 
 the p-reateft Importance to the feveral »"g ^^^ 
 
 t! & ^ 1 -KT • T ^,r*. two Hou- 
 
 Ranks ot Men m the Nation, I go next ^^^ ^^ p^^^ 
 toconfider that auguft Body, in which ijament. 
 they are all united ; I mean the Par- 
 liament. As long as Eleftions are fet 
 to fale, fo long we are under a Dif- 
 ' cafe in our Vitals, that if it be not re- 
 medied in time, muft ruin us at laft, 
 and end in a Change of Government ; 
 and what that may be,God only knows. 
 
 All Laws that can be made, will of Elcc- 
 prove ineffeftual to cure fo great an tions. 
 Evil, till there comes to be a Change 
 i It and Reformation of Morals in the Na- 
 tion ; we fee former Laws are evaded, 
 and fo will all the Laws that can be 
 made, till the Candidates and Elec- 
 tors both become Men of another Tem- 
 per 
 
per and other Principles, than appear 
 now among them : The Expencc of 
 Elections ruins Families ; and thefc 
 Families will come in time to expeft a 
 full Reparation from the Crown ; or 
 they will take their Revenges on it, if 
 that Hope fails them : The Commons 
 will grow infolent upon it, and look 
 on the Gentry as in their Dcpendance* 
 during the War, and while the Heat 
 of Parties ferments fo much, ic is not 
 eafy to find a proper Remedy for this. 
 When the War is over, one Expedi- 
 ent in the power of the Crown is, to 
 declare that Eledions to Parliament 
 Ihall be annual : But, if the fame Heat 
 and Rivalry of Parties Ihould ftill con- 
 tinue, that would ruin Families but fo 
 much the fooncr. 
 
 The moft promifing Expedient,ncxt 
 
 to a general Reformadon, which may 
 
 feem too remote and too hopelefs a Prof- 
 
 pcdt, is to try hovv this great Divifion 
 
 of the Nation into Whig and. Tory 
 
 may be leflened, if not quite removed: 
 
 Great numbers on bpth lides are drawn 
 
 to take up many groundlefs Jealoufics 
 
 one of another, with which Men of 
 
 honeft Minds are pofleffed. 
 
 Of the There are many of the Tories, that 
 
 Parties ot Without doubt look towards St* Ger-* 
 
 Whig and maws and Fra^jce : buc this is not true 
 
 Tory. ^f 
 
 [59] 
 
 of the bulk of their Party. Many In- 
 fidels, who hate all Religion and all . 
 Churches alike (being only againft the 
 I Church of Englatni bccaufe it is in pof- 
 feflion) do join with the Whigs and the 
 Diflenters, and appear for them ; from 
 thence the ill-difpoled Tories poflefs 
 many of thofe, who are better mind- 
 ed, with an Opinion, that the Whigs 
 favour the Dirfenters, only to ruin and 
 deftroy Religion : And great Multi- 
 tudes of unthinking and ignorant Men 
 are draw n into this Snare. The Prin- 
 ciples of the Whigs lead them to be 
 for the Revolution, and for every 
 thing that has been done to fupport 
 and eilablilh that ; and therefore thofe 
 who, in their Hearts, hate the Revo- 
 lution, fortify and pomote their De- 
 figns, by keeping up a Jealoufy of all 
 that Body, which alone can and muft 
 fupport it. The Whigs arc indeed fa- 
 voured by the Diflenters, becaufe they 
 fee their rrinciples arc for Toleration, 
 * which, itisvifible, that the Dillen- 
 xquicfce, without purfuing any 
 contrary to the Eftablifhed 
 I i^ into which the far greater 
 
 ^^ *-hem >e brought, if 
 
 but a ver\ ere made 
 
 m. O; Whigs, 
 
 ahe ...idn^^c 
 
 on 
 
on ill Dcfigns fo vifibly, (endeavour- 
 ing to weaken the Government, to dif- 
 joint the Alliance, and to put an un- 
 timely end to the War, thereby fer- 
 ving the Intercfls o( France and of the 
 ^reteuder) and that they are followed 
 in this by the Body of the Tories, 
 who promote their Elections, and ad- 
 here to them in all Divifions in the two 
 Houfcs of Parliament, and are united 
 in one Party with them, from thence 
 conclude, that they are all equally con- 
 cerned, and alike guilty: And thus 
 they are jealous of them all. This 
 Averfion is daily growing, and will 
 certainly continue as long as the War 
 lafts; when that is ended, it may pof- 
 libly abate : but fo great a Difeafe will 
 not be cured, 'till a Prince of Spirit 
 and Authority, managed with Tem- 
 per and Difcretion, undertakes the 
 Cure. We fee Oaths and Subfcrip- 
 tions makenoDifcrimination, ilnce the 
 Abjuration, tho' penned as fully as 
 Words can go, has been taken by fome, 
 who fcemcd refolved to fwallow down 
 every thing in order to the throwing 
 up all at once, if they Ihould come to 
 have a clear Majority in Parliament, 
 and durfl lay afide the Mask. 
 
 In the Parliament of 1701, called 
 the Impeaching Parliament, and in the 
 
 firft 
 
 firft Parliament called by the Queen, 
 there was a Majority of Tories ^ yet 
 it appeared, the Men of ill defigns 
 durlt not venture todifcover themfelves 
 ' to their Party and to the Nation ; fo 
 they proceeded with Caution. They 
 defigned in 170 1 to have had the Duke 
 of Jnjoa acknowledged, in order to 
 have difgraced the late King, and his 
 faithfullell Miniilers ; that fo the Prin- 
 ces abroad, who could do nothing 
 without Alliftance from Eiigland^ de- 
 fpairing of that, might be forced to 
 fubmit to the Offers of France made 
 them. In the firft Year of the Queen's 
 Reign, they durft make no vifible 
 Steps that way neither; but they tri- 
 V cd to raife the Heat againft the Diffen- 
 ters, to make a Breach on the Tolera- 
 tion, and to give that Body of Men 
 fuch a Jealouly of the Goverment, as 
 ihould quite difhearten Them, who 
 were always the readieft to lend Mo- 
 ney to the Publick, without which 
 the War could not be carried on vi- 
 goroufly. By this it may appear, 
 that many of the Tories have not thofe 
 . Views and Defigns, that perhaps fome 
 iT of their Leaders may be juftly charged 
 with. Now a wife and an Aftivc 
 Prince may find Methods, to undeceive 
 thofe who are thus fatally impofed on, 
 
 and 
 
L ^'^ J 
 
 and led blindfold into the ferving the 
 ill Deligns of others ; efpecially, if he 
 will propofe it, as a fure way to his 
 Favour, for all whom he employs, to 
 procure a better Underllaiiding and 
 frequent Meetings, among the Men of 
 good Lives and fofc Tempers in both 
 Parties, who by a mutual Converfa- 
 tion will fo open themfelves to one a- 
 nother, that Jealoufies may by this 
 means be eafily removed. I can carry 
 this no further at prefent; Men of 
 good Intentions will eafily find out 
 proper Methods to bring about this 
 worthy Defign of healing a Breach, 
 that has rent the Nation from top to 
 bottom. The Parties are now fo fla- 
 red and kept up, not only by the E- 
 le6tions of Parliament-Men that re- 
 turn every third Year, but even by the 
 yearly Eleftions of Mayors and Cor- 
 poration-Men, that they know their 
 Strengh ; and in every Corner of the 
 Nation, the two Parties fland, as it 
 were, lifted againft one another. This 
 may come, in fome critical time or o- 
 ther, at the Death of a Prince, or on 
 an Invafion, to have terrible EfFeds ; 
 as at prefent it creates, among the befh 
 of each fide, a Coldnefs and a Jealou- 
 fy, and a great deal oi liatred and Vi- 
 rulence among the naych greater part. 
 
 There 
 
 A 
 
 \ 
 
 I 63 1 
 
 i ncrc arc two things of a very Pub- The Cor- 
 lick Nature, that deferve the Care of ^^^^^^J^^^^f 
 a Parliament : The one muft begin m 
 the Houfe of Lords, and the other in 
 the Houfe of Commons. The Law^ 
 oi England is the greatcft Grievance of 
 the Nation, very expenfive and dila- 
 tory : There is no end of Suits, efpe- 
 cially when they are brought into C^^?;;- 
 cery. It is a matter of deep Study, 
 to be exad in the Law 5 great Advan- 
 tages are taken, upon inconfiderable 
 Errors ; and there are loud Complaints 
 of that, which feems to be the chief 
 Security of Property, I mean Juries, 
 which arc faid to be much praflifed 
 upon. If a happy Peace gives us quiet 
 to look to our own Affairs, there can- 
 not be a worthier Defign undertaken 
 than to reduce the Law into Method, 
 to digeft it into a Body, and to regu- 
 late the Chancery, fo as to cut off the 
 Tedioufnefs of Suits, and, in a word, 
 to compile one entire Syikm of our 
 Laws. The Work cannot be under- 
 taken, much lefs finiftied, but by fo 
 ereatan Authority, as at Icaft an Ad- 
 ucfs from the Houfe of Lords to the 
 Queen. Nothing, after the War is 
 happily ended, can raife the Glory of 
 her Reign more, than to fee fo noble 
 
 % D^figafc; 00 fgot io ber Time : Thi^ 
 
 would 
 
Poor. 
 
 [ <54] 
 
 would make her Name facred to Pof- 
 terity, which would fenlibly feci all 
 the Taxes, they have raifcd, fully re- 
 paid them, if the Law were made 
 Ihorter, clearer, more certain, and of 
 Icfs Expcnce. 
 Provifions The Other Matter, that muft take 
 * ^ ^^^ its rife in the Houfe of Commons, is 
 about the Poor, and fhould be much 
 laid to heart. It may be thought a 
 Itrange Motion from a Bifhop, to wifh 
 that the Aft, for charging every Pa- 
 rifh to maintain their own Poor, were 
 well reviewed, if not quite taken a- 
 way ; this feems to encourage idle and 
 lazy People in their Sloth, when they 
 know they muft be maintained: I 
 know no other Place in the World, 
 were fuch a Law was ever made. Scot^ 
 land is much the pooreft part of the If- 
 land; yet the poor there are maintained 
 by the voluntary Charities of the Peo- 
 ple ; Holland is the perfedeft Pattern, 
 for putting Charity in a good Method; 
 the Poor work as much as they can * 
 they are humble and induftrious; they 
 never ask any Charity ; and yet they 
 are well relieved. When the Poor fee, 
 that their Supply muft in a great mea- 
 fure depend on their Behaviour and on 
 their Induftry, as far as it can go, it 
 will both make them better in them- 
 
 felves, 
 
 I 
 
 1. 6i • 
 
 fclves, and move others to fupply 
 them more liberally ; and when Mens 
 Offerings are free (and yet are called 
 for, every Time they go to Church 
 or to Sacrament) this will oblige thofe, 
 who diftributes them, to be exa6l and 
 impartial in it ; fince their ill Conduct 
 might make the Givers truft them with 
 their Charity no more, but diftribute 
 it themfelves. If a Spirit of true Pi- 
 ety and Charity iliould ever prevail 
 in this Nation, thofe, whofe Conditi- 
 on raifes them above the Drudgery of 
 fcrvile Labour, might employ fomc 
 Years of their Life in this Labour of 
 Love, and relieve one another in their 
 turn, and fo diftribute among them 
 this noble part of Government. All 
 this muft begin in the Houfe of Com- 
 mons ; and I leave it to the Confide- 
 ration of the wife and worthy Members 
 of that Body, to turn their Thoughts 
 to this, as foon as by a happy Peace we 
 are delivered from the Cares of the, 
 War, and are at leifurc to think of our 
 own Affairs at home. 
 
 One thing more I prefume to fug-ofiTiorter 
 geft, which is, that we may have few- SefTions of 
 er and fliorter Seflions of Parliament ; i'^^^^^- 
 the flaying long in Town both waftes 
 Eftates, and corrupts the Morals of 
 Members j their beginning folate irt 
 
 E 
 
 tlie 
 
L ^■''' J 
 the Day to enter upon Bufinefs is one 
 great occalion of long Seflions; they 
 are feldom met, 'till about twelve a- 
 Clock ; and except on a Day, in which 
 fome great Points are to be difculTcd, 
 upon which the Parties divide, they 
 grow difpofed to rife after two or three 
 Hours fitting. The Authority of the 
 Prince mull be interpofed to make them 
 return to the old Hours of eight and 
 nine ; and if, from that time, they fat 
 till two, a great deal of Bufinefs might 
 be difpatched in a fhort Selfion. It is 
 alfo to be hoped that, when the War 
 is ended. Parliaments will not give the 
 neceffary Supplies from Year to Year, 
 as in the time of War, but will fettle 
 Methods for paying the Publick Debt, 
 and for theSupport of theGovernment, 
 for two, if not for three Years. The 
 ill EfTefts of an Annual Meeting of Par- 
 liament arefo vifible and fo great, that 
 I hope nothing but invincible Neceffi- 
 ty will ever keep us under the Conti- 
 nuance of fo great an Inconvenience. 
 I fpeak of this with the more Concern, 
 bccaufc this is not only a great Charge 
 on Bifliops, heavy on the richer, ^ and 
 intolerable to the poorer Bilhopricks; 
 but chiefly, becuuic it calls them away 
 from their Diocefles, and from mind- 
 ing their proper Work, and fills their 
 
 Heads 
 
 [ ^7 J 
 Heads too much wichSecularThoughf s, 
 and obliges them to mix too much 
 with Secular Company j from which 
 the more abftradied they are, as their 
 Minds will be purer and freer, fo they 
 will be able to follow their own Bufi- 
 nefs with lefs diftraftion, in a more 
 conllant Attendance on the Miniftry 
 of the Word and Prayer, to which, in 
 imitation of the Apoftles, they ought 
 to give themfelves continually. 
 
 1 have now gone over what feemed 
 to me moll: practicable, as well as moft 
 important, for all Ranks of Men fevc- 
 rally in the Nation, as well as for that 
 I great Unionof them all, in cheRepre- 
 y tentative of the whole in Parliament : 
 i T have not gone into wild Notions of 
 an imaginary Reformation, more to 
 be wiflied than hoped for ; but have 
 only touched on fuch ill Practices, and 
 bad Difpofitions, as with a little Care 
 and good Government may be in fomc 
 meafure redrefled and corrected. And 
 now, having by all thcfe, as by fo ma- 
 .ny Steps, rifen up to the Throne, I 
 k Vill end this Addrefs to the Tuition, 
 iM^rith an humble Reprefentation to 
 thofc, who are to fit on it. 
 
 I have had the Honour to be admit- An Ad- 
 ted to much free Convcrfation, with ^^^^^ ro 
 five of our Sovereigns ; King QharUs 
 
 2 the 
 
 our Prin- 
 ces. 
 
[68] 
 
 the Second, King James the Second, 
 King William the Third, Queen Ma- 
 ry^ and Queen A me. King Charles^ 
 Behaviour was a thing never enough 
 to be commended \ he was a perfectly 
 well-bred Man, cafy of Accefs, free 
 in his Difcourfe, and fwcct in his 
 whole Deportment \ this was managed 
 with great Art, and it covered bad 
 Defigns; it was of fuch ufe to him, 
 that it may teach all fucceeding Prin- 
 ces, of what advantage an Eafmefs ot 
 Accefs and an obliging Behaviour may 
 be; This prcfcrved him; it often dif- 
 armed thofe Refentments, which his 
 ill Condud: in every things both Pub- 
 .lick and Private, pofleffed all thinking 
 People with very early, and all forts 
 of People at lall: And yet none could 
 go to him, but they were in a great 
 meafurefoftned, before they left him: 
 It looked like a Charm, that could 
 hardly be.refifted: Yet there was no 
 Good-Nature under that, ^ nor was 
 there any truth in him. King Jamc.^ 
 had great Application to Bulinefs,tho' 
 "without a right underftanding ; thaf 
 Application gave him a Reputati 
 till he took care to throw it off: It h 
 had not come after King Charles^ he 
 would have paft for a Prince of a fweet 
 Temper, and cafy of Accefs. King 
 
 > 
 
 1^9^ 
 
 William was the Reverfe of all this ;' 
 he was fcarcc Acceffible, and was al- 
 ways Cold and Silent ; he minded Af- 
 fairs abroad fo much, and was fo fet 
 on the War, that he fcarce thought of 
 his Government at home : This raif- 
 cd a general Difguft, which was im- 
 proved by Men of ill Defigns, fo that 
 It perplexed all his Affairs, and he 
 could fcarce fupport himfelf at home, 
 whilfl he was the Admiration of all a- 
 broad. Queen Mary was Affable, 
 Cheerful and Lively, fpoke much, and 
 yet under great Rcferves, minded Bu- 
 lincfs, and came to underftand it 
 well ; fhe kept clofe to Rules, chiefly 
 to thofe fet her by the King ; and ihc 
 charmed all that came near her. Queen 
 Jmie is cafy of Accefs, and hears e- 
 very thing very gently ; but opens 
 herfelf to fo few, and is fo Cold and 
 General in her Anfwers, that People 
 foon find that the chief Application 
 IS to be made to her Minifters and 
 ^ vourites, who in their turns have an 
 Credit and full Power with her : 
 i laid down the Splendor of a 
 Court too much, and eats privately ; 
 i J that except on Sundays, and a few 
 'T)urs, twice or thrice a Week at 
 ^ t in the Drawing-Room, fhe ap- 
 pears fo little, that her Court is as it 
 
 E 3 were 
 
L7ol 
 were abandoned. Oat of all thefe 
 Princes Condud, and from their Suc- 
 ceffes in their Affairs, it is evident 
 what ought to be the Meafurcs of a 
 wife and good Prince, who would go- 
 vern the Nation happily and glorioufly. 
 
 The firft, the moft eflential, and 
 moft indifpenfable Rule for a King is, 
 to ftudy the Intercft of the Nation, to 
 be ever in it, and to be always purfu- 
 ing it ^ this will lay in for him fuch a 
 degree of Confidence, that he will be 
 ever fafe with his People, when they 
 feel they are fafc in him. No part of 
 our Story ilievvs this more vifibly,than 
 Queen Eltzabetlfs Reign, in which 
 the true Intereft of the Nation was 
 conftantly purfued ; and this was fo 
 well underftood by all, that every 
 thing elfe was forgiven her and her 
 Minifters both. Sir SmonDewe's Jour- 
 nal (hews a Treatment of Parliaments, 
 that could not have been born at any 
 other Time, or under any other Ad- 
 miniftration : This was the conftant 
 Support of King WtUtam^s Rcign,and 
 continues to fupport the prcfent 
 Reign, as it will fupport all who ad- 
 here ftcadily to it. 
 
 A Prince, that would command the 
 AfFeftions and Purfes of this Nation, 
 muft not ftudy to ftrctch b-- Preroga- 
 
 tive, 
 
 ive, or beunealy underthc t' '^ 
 of Law ; as foon as this Humour 
 fliews itfclf, he mult exped, that a 
 Jealoufy of him, and an uneafy Op- 
 pofition to him, will follow thro' the 
 whole Courfe of his Reign; whereas 
 if he governs well. Parliaments will 
 truft him, as much as a wife Prince 
 would defire to be trufted; and will 
 fupply him in every War that is ne- 
 ceffary, cither for their own Preferva- 
 tion, or the Prefervation of thofe Al- 
 lies, with whom mutual Interefts and 
 Leagues unite him : But tho', foon af- 
 ter the Refl:oration,a flavifti Parlia- 
 ment fupported King Charles in the 
 Dutch War, yet the Nation mud be 
 ftrangely changed, before any thing of 
 that fort can happen again. 
 
 One of the moft detcftable and the 
 fooliflieft Maxims, with relation to our 
 Government,is to keep up Parties and 
 a Rivalry among them; to Ihift and 
 change Minifters, and to go from one 
 Party to another, as they can be 
 brought in their turns to offer the 
 Prince more Money, or to give him 
 more Authority : this will in conclufi- 
 on render him odious and contempti- 
 ble lo all Parties, who growing ac- 
 cuftomed to his Ficklenefs, will never 
 truft him^ but rather ftudy to fecurc 
 
 :. them- 
 
[71-] 
 
 thcmfelvcs, by dcprefTing him; of 
 which the Reign of Henry the Third 
 of Fratice is a fignal Inftance. Wc 
 faw what EfFcds this had on King 
 Charles's Reign ; and King William 
 felt what an ill ftep he had made, near 
 the end of his Reign, in purfuing this 
 Maxim. Nothing creates to a Prince 
 fuch a Confidence, as a conftant and 
 clear Firmnefs and Steadinefs of Go- 
 vernment, with an unblcmifhed Inte- 
 grity in all his Profeffions ; and no- 
 thing will create a more univerfal De- 
 pendancc on him, than when it is 
 vifible, he ftudics to allay the Heats 
 of Parties, and to reconcile them to 
 one another : This will dcmonftrate, 
 that he loves his People, and that he 
 has no ill Defigns of his own. 
 
 A Prince, who would be well fcrv- 
 ed, oughn to feek out among his Sub- 
 je6ls the bell and mofl capable of the 
 Youth, and fee to their good Educati- 
 on at home and abroad; he fhould 
 fend them to travel, and order his Mi- 
 nifters abroad to keep fuch for fomc 
 time about them, and to fend them 
 from Court to Court, to learn their 
 Language,and obferve their Tempers : 
 If but twelve fuch were conftantly 
 kept, on an Allowance of 250 /. a- 
 
 year, the >vhole£xpence of this would 
 
 rife 
 
 
 \ 
 
 [ 73 3 
 
 rife but to 3000/. a-year: By this in-: 
 confiderable Charge, a Prince might 
 have a conftant Nurlery for a wile and 
 able Miniftry. But thofe ought to be 
 well chofen, none ought to pretend 
 to the Nomination ; it ought to rile 
 from the Motion, of the honefteft and 
 moft difintercftcd of all his Mimfters, 
 to the Prince in fecret. As great a 
 care ought to be had, in the Nomina- 
 tion of the Chaplains of his Mimfters 
 abroad, that there may be a breed of 
 worthy Clergymen, who have large 
 Thoughts and great Notions, from a 
 more enlarged View of Mankind and 
 of the World. If a Prince would have 
 all that ferve him grateful and true to 
 him, he muft ftudy to find out, who 
 are the propereft and worthieft Men> 
 capable of Employments, and prevent 
 their Applications, and furprize them 
 with beftowing good Pofts unfought, 
 and raifing them higher, as they ferve 
 well : When.it is known, that a Prince 
 has made it his Maxim, to follow this 
 Method in diftributing his Favours,hc 
 will cut oft^ Applications tor them i 
 which will otherwife create a great 
 Uneafinefs to him, and have this cer- 
 tain ill cffcft, that, where there are 
 many Pretenders, one muft have the 
 Reference to all the refti fo that ma- 
 
[74l 
 
 ny arc mortified for being rejcftedjand 
 are full of Enry at him, who has ob- 
 tained the favour, and therefore will 
 dctrad from him as much as pofTiblc. 
 This has no where worfe EfTeds than 
 among the Clergy, in the Difpofal ot 
 the Dignities of the Church: And 
 therefore Queen Mary refolved to 
 break thofe Afpirings ; which Refolu- 
 tion fhe carried on eife<aually forfome 
 Years : A conftant purfuing that Ma- 
 xim would have 9 great effea on the 
 
 Nation. 
 
 Frequent Progrefles round the Na- 
 tion, fo divided, that once in feven ^ 
 eight or ten Years, the chief Places ot 
 it might be gone thro', would recom- 
 mend a Prince wonderfully to the Peo- 
 ple ; efpecially if he were gentle and 
 affable, and would fo manage his Pro- 
 grefs, that it fliould not be a Charge 
 to any, by refufing to accept of En- 
 tertainments, from any Pcrfon whacfo- 
 cver: for the accepting thefe only 
 from fuch, as could eafily bear the 
 Charge of it, would be an atfronting of 
 others, who being of equal Rank, 
 though not of equal Eftates, would 
 likewifc dcfire to treat the Prince. So 
 to mike a Progrefs every where accept 
 tabic, and no where chargeable, th^ 
 fure Method would be, according to 
 > i the 
 
 the eftabiflicd Rule of the Houfhold, 
 for the Prince to carry the travelling 
 Wardrobe with him, and to take fuch 
 Houfes in the way, as are moft con- 
 venient for him ; but to entertain him- 
 felf and his Court there, and have a 
 Variety of Tables for fuch as may 
 come to attend on him. On this Qj 
 Mary had fet her Heart, if ihe had li- 
 ved to fee Peace in her Days ; by this 
 means a Prince may fee and be leen by 
 his People ; he may know fome Men,^ 
 t] It deftrve to be diftinguilhed, ot 
 t whom otherwile he would never have 
 heard ; and he may learn and redreft 
 the Grievances of his People, preven- 
 ting ?\l Parliamentary Complaints, ex- 
 cept for fuch Matters as cannot be cu- 
 red, but by a Remedy in Parliament : 
 Methods like rhcfe would make a 
 Prince become the Idol of his People. 
 It is certain, that their Afleaions 
 muft follow a Prince, who would con- 
 fider Government and the Royal Dig- 
 nity as his Calling, and would be dai- 
 ly employed in it, ftudying the Good 
 and Happinefs of his People, pursu- 
 ing the propereft ways for promoting-^ 
 lit, without either delivering himfelf 
 I up to the Sloth of Luxury and vain 
 ; Magnificence, or affefting the Barban- 
 ' ty of War and Conqucft ^ which ren- 
 -^ dcr 
 
[ 76 3 
 
 f' '^"C?' who make the World a 
 Scene at Blood and Rapine, indeed 
 the Butchers of MankinS. 'if " hefe 
 Words feem not decent enough, I will 
 
 u"?:thenrb?"r''r°s^' •'"^^rt I 
 
 ulc them becaufe { cannot find worfc: 
 
 u " J r*^^ ^'■<' ^'^^>' worft of Men, fo 
 they_ deferve the worft of Langu ge! 
 
 Mini ' -u b'-'IS" to corrupt their 
 Minds with Pnde and Contempt of 
 the reft of xMankind, as if they were 
 rnadeonly to be the InftrumLTof 
 
 ofth^'^vZ"^^''"''' °^ the Subjeds 
 othcrPa/nons and Humours? ko' 
 
 them to the trucft Sublimity, to be! 
 come as hke Divinity, as a moSalCrea. 
 Irudlc "IC^' f -^^'"g- None will 
 
 fndXrh ? ""u' g""^^' Treafures 
 and Authority, when they fee it is all 
 
 employed to make their People hap- 
 
 when they fee ,t accompanied with a 
 fuitablc Greatnefs of Soul, whereas a 
 magnified and flattered Pageant wlu 
 
 ana rtatred. There is not any one thine 
 more certain and more evidenr, than 
 that Pnnces are made for the People" 
 
 and 
 
 ft 
 
 J 
 
 J^ 
 
 I 77 J 
 and not the People for them; and per- 
 haps there is no Nation under Hea- 
 ven, that is more entirely pofleiled 
 with this Notion of Princes, than the 
 Englijb Nation is in this Age ; fo that 
 they will foon be uneafy to a Prince, 
 who does not govern himfelt by this 
 Maxim, and in time grow very unkind 
 
 to him. 
 
 Great Care ought to be taken, in the 
 Nomination of Judges and Bilhops. I 
 join thcfe together ; for Law and Re- 
 ligion, Juftice and Piety, are the Sup- 
 port of Nations, and give Strength 
 and Security to Governments : Judges 
 mull be recommended by thofc in the 
 high Pofts of the Law ; but a Prince 
 may,by his own Tafte and upon Know- 
 ledge, choofe his Bifhops. They ought 
 to be Men eminent for Piety, Learn- 
 ing, Difcretion and Zeal ; not broken 
 jwith Age, which will quickly render 
 them incapable of ferving the Church, 
 to any good purpofe : A Perfon fit to 
 Lc ., Biftiop at lixty, was fit at forty ; 
 and had then Spirit and Adivity, with 
 a Strength both of Body and Mind. 
 The vaft Expence they are at, in en- 
 tring on their Bilhopricks, ought to 
 be regulated : No Bilhopricks can be, 
 in any good dcgree,fcrved under looo /. 
 
 a Year at leaft. The Judg.cs ought to 
 
 bd 
 
E 7S ] 
 be plentifully provided for, that they 
 may be under no Temptation to fup- 
 ply thcmfelves by indired Ways : One 
 Part of a Prince's Care, to be recom- 
 mended to Judges in their Circuits, is 
 to know what Perfons are, as it were, 
 hid in the Nation, that are fie for Em- 
 ployments, and deferve to be encou- 
 raged ; of fuch, they ought to give an 
 Account to the Lord Chancellor, who 
 ought to lay it before the Throne. No 
 Crime ought to be pardoned, till the 
 Judge who gave Sentence is heard, 
 to give an Account of the Evidence, 
 with the Circumftances of the Fad, as 
 it appeared on the Trial : no regard 
 ought to be had to Stories that are 
 told, to move Companion ; for in thefc, 
 Ihtle regard is had to Truth : And an 
 Eafinefs in pardoning is, in fome fore, 
 an encouraging of Crimes, and a giving 
 Licence to commit them. 
 ^ But to run out no longer into par- 
 ticulars, the great and comprehenfivc 
 Rule of all is, that a King fhould con- 
 fider himlelf^ as exalted d^ ^i^udghty 
 God into that high Dignity, as into a 
 Capacity of doing much good, and of 
 being a great Blelfing to Mankind, and 
 in fome fort a God on Earth ; and 
 therefore, as he expefts, that his Mi- 
 nifters fhould ftudy to advancahisScp^ 
 
 vice* 
 
 
 !& 
 
 i ] 
 
 vice, his Intercil^ and his Glory ; and 
 that, fo much the more, as he raifes 
 them to higher Pofts of Favour and 
 Honour j fo he, whom God has raifed 
 to the greateft Exaltation, this World 
 is capable of, fhould apply himfelf 
 wholly to Cares, becoming his Rank 
 and Station, to be in himfelf a Pattern 
 of Virtue and true Religion, to pro- 
 !- ^- T iftice,to relieve and revenge the^ 
 Uppreifed, and to feek out Men of 
 Virtue and Piety, and bring them in- 
 to fuch Degrees of Confidence, as they 
 may be capable of; to encourage a 
 due and a generous Freedom in their 
 Advices, to be ready to fee his own 
 Errours, that he may correft them, 
 and to entertain every thing, that is 
 fuggcfted to him, for the Good ot his 
 People, and for the Benefit of Man- 
 kind ; and to make a Difference be- 
 tween thofe, who court his Favour for 
 their own Ends, who fludy to flatter 
 and by that to pleafe him, often to 
 his own Ruin, and thofe who have 
 great Views and noble Aims, who fet^ 
 him on to purfue Defigns worthy ot 
 him, without mean or partial regards 
 \o any Ends or Interefts of their own. 
 It is not enough for a Prince, not to 
 encourage Vice or Impiety, by his 
 
 own ill Pradices i it ought to appear, 
 
 that 
 
Hi 
 
 that thcfe are odious to him, nnd that 
 they give him Horrour : A iJcclara- 
 tion of this kind, folemnly made and 
 ileadily purfued, would foon bring on 
 at lealt an extcriour Reformation, which 
 would have a great Eftbd: on the Body 
 of the Nation, and on the riling Ge- 
 neration, though it were but hypocri- 
 tically put on at firll. Such a Prince 
 would be perhaps too great a Bleffing 
 to a wicked World : Queen Mary fccm- 
 ed to have the Seeds of all this in her ; 
 but the World was not worthy of her : 
 And fo God took her from it. 
 AnE\- I will conclude this whole Addrcfs 
 
 hortation ^^ Pofterity with that, which is the 
 become '"^^ important of all other things,and 
 truly Re- which alone will carry every thing elfe 
 ligious. along with it ; which is to recommend, 
 in the mofl folemn and feriuus manner, 
 the Study and Practice of Religion to 
 allforrs of Men, as that which is both 
 the Light of the iVorld^ and the Salt of 
 the Earth. Nothing does fo open our 
 Faculties, and compofe and direct the 
 whole Man, as an inward Senfe of God, 
 of his Authority over us, of the Laws 
 he has fet us, of his Eye ever upon us, 
 of his hearing our Prayers, afliftingour 
 Endeavours, w^atching over our Con- 
 cerns, and of his being to judge and to 
 reward or punifh us in ^,ngtlacr State^ 
 
 ac- 
 
 1" 
 
 *t 
 
 
 C 81 a 
 
 * "hat we do in thiis . No- 
 e a Man fuch a Detcftati- 
 iuch a Senfe of the Good- 
 iuio ui Li„_ij and of our Obligations 
 to Holinels, as a right Underftanding 
 and a firm Belief of the Chriftian Reli- 
 gion : ^^ thing can give a Man fo calm 
 a Peace within, and fuch a firm Secu- 
 rity againft all Fears and Dangers with- 
 out, as the Belief of a kind and wife 
 Providence, and of a future State. An 
 Integrity of Heart gives a Man aCou- 
 
 c, and a Confidence that cannot be 
 1 Liv^ii : A Man is fure, that by li- 
 
 - accor ig to the Rules ofReli- 
 he becomes the wifeft, the beft 
 pnieft Creature, that he is ca- 
 pable orbeing : Honcft Induftry, tbe 
 employing his Time well, and a con- 
 ftant Sobriety, an undcfiled Purity and 
 Chaftity, with a quiet Serenity, arc 
 the beft Prefervcrs of Life and Health: 
 So that, take a Man as a fingle Indi- 
 vidual, Religion is his Guard, hisPer- 
 iedion, his Beauty, and his Glory : 
 This will make him the Light of the 
 JVorldy (hining brightly, and enlighten- 
 ingmany round about him. 
 
 Then take a Man as a Piece of Man- 
 kind, as a Citizen of the World, or of 
 any particular State, Religion is in- 
 deed then the Salt of th$ Earth : For 
 
 F it 
 

 it makes every Man t e to all the reft 
 of the Wrl^, whatiocvcr any one can 
 with reafoii ' or delire him to be. 
 He is true, juit, honell and faithful in 
 the whole Commerce of Life, doing to 
 all others, that which he would have 
 others do to him : He is a Lover of 
 Mankind, and of his Country : He 
 may and ought to love fome more than 
 others ; but he has an Extent of Lova 
 to all, of Pity and Compaffion, not Qn* 
 ly to the poorcft, but to the worft ; 
 for the worfe any are, they are the more 
 to be pitied. He has a Complacency 
 and Delight in all that *rc truly, tho' 
 but defcSively good, and a Refpe^k 
 and Veneration tor all that are eminent- 
 ly fo: He mourns for the Sins, and re- 
 joices in the Virtues of al! "bn*- arc 
 round about him : In every Relation 
 of Life, Religion makes him anfwer all 
 his Obligations : It will make Princes 
 juft and good, faithful to their ?ro- 
 mifes, and Lovers ui liieir Pec : It 
 ■will infpire Subjeds with la 
 Submiffion, Obedience and Z 
 their Prince : It will fan^ifv Wedlock 
 
 to be a Stntc 
 and tL'':-..i\ 
 xents the true 
 with a proper 
 
 coounu. 
 
 ^ifhip, 
 i I give Pa- 
 ^* to r Children, 
 ucation: 
 of Gra- 
 titude 
 
 
 P 
 
 I 
 
 ^^ 
 
 f ^- 1 
 
 titude and ; ace from Children: 
 it will teach Mailers to be gentle and 
 careful to their Servants, and Servants 
 to be faithful, zealous, and diligent in 
 their Mailer's Concerns : It will make 
 Friends tender and true to one another ; 
 it will makf rhem generous, faithful 
 and dilinter ^ * It will make Men 
 live in their tibourhood, as Mem- 
 
 bers of one. Bod J ^ loting 
 
 firll the general ,w^i of the Whole, 
 and then the Good of every Particular, 
 as far as a "^ ' ' > Sphere can go : It 
 will make j ad Magiftrates jull 
 
 and patient, ^ ovetoufnefs, and 
 
 maintaining Peace and Order, without 
 refped of P-rfins : It will make Peo- 
 ple live I offenfive a manner, that 
 will ;/ to maintain Jullice, 
 } Men are not difpofed to give 
 "nee to thofe nH'>-t them. This 
 iKe Bilhops i Pallors faithful 
 to their Truft, tend > their Pco| % 
 and watchful over tl u; and it vt i, 
 beget in the People an Efteem for their 
 Perfons, and their Funftions. 
 
 Thus Religion, if tru' received 
 andfincercU i ^rcdto, would prove 
 the grcatcft r Bleffings to a Na- 
 
 tion: Bu --,1 underftand 
 
 fomcwhat ceivingfome 
 
 Doftrinct, > ti;^uc, or the 
 
 F a pro- 
 
tl 
 
 54 J 
 
 profeffing them, and engaging to fup- 
 port them, not without Zeal and Ra- 
 gernefs. What fignify the heft Doc- 
 trines, if Men do not live fuitablj to 
 them ; if they have not a due Influence 
 upon their Thoughts, their Principles, 
 and their Lives ? Men of bad Lives, 
 with found Opinions, are felf condemn- 
 ed, and lie under a highly aggravated 
 Guilt ; nor will the Heat of a Party, 
 arifing out of Intereft, and managed 
 with Fury and Violence, compenfatc 
 for the ill Lives of fuch falfe Preten- 
 ders to Zeal ; while they are a Dif- 
 grace to that, which they profefs and 
 feem fo hot for. By Religion I do not 
 mean, an outward Compliance with 
 Form andCulloms, in going to Church, 
 to Prayers, to Sermons and to Sacra- 
 ments, with an external Shew of De- 
 votion, or, which is more, with fome 
 inward forced good Thoughts, in 
 which many may fatisfy themfelves, 
 while this has no vifible cffcA on their 
 Lives, nor any inward Force to fu fa- 
 due and redity their Appetites, Paf- 
 fions and fecret Deiigns. Thofe cuf- 
 tomary Performances, how good and 
 nfcful focver, when well underftood 
 and rightly directed, are of little value^ 
 when Men reft on them, and think that, 
 becaufc tbcy do them, they h ' there^ 
 
 fore 
 
 I 
 
 [ S5 1 
 
 fore acquitted themfelves of their Du- 
 ty, tho' they continue ftill proud, co- 
 vetous, full of Deceit, Envy and Ma- 
 lice : Even fecret Prayer, the moft ef- 
 feftual of all other means, is defigned 
 for a higher end,which is to poffefs our 
 Minds with fuch a conftant and pre- 
 fcnt 5cau oi Divine Truths, as may 
 make thefe live in us, and govern us ; 
 and may draw down fuch Alfiftances, as 
 may exhale and fandify our Natures. 
 
 So that by Religion I mean, fuch/ a 
 Senfe of divine Truth, as enters into a 
 Man, and becomes a Spring of a new 
 Nature whithin him; reforming his 
 Thoughts and Defigns, purifying his 
 Heart, andfanftifyinghim, and gover- 
 ning his wholeDcportment,his Words 
 as well as his Adions; convincing him 
 that, it is not enough, not to be fcan- 
 daloully vicious, or to be innocent in 
 his Converfation, but that he muft be 
 entirely, uniformly and conftantly pure 
 and virtuous, animating him with a 
 Zeal, to be ftill better and better, 
 more eminendy good and exemplary, 
 ufing Prayers and all outward Devoti- 
 ons, as folemn Ads teftifying what he 
 is inwardly and at heart, and as Me- 
 thods inftituted by God, to be ftill ad- 
 vancing in the ufe of them further and 
 fuithcr, ittto a more refined and fpiri- 
 
 tual 
 
C 86] 
 tual Senfc of divine Maters. Thb i^ 
 true Religion, which is the Perfcdion 
 of Human Nature, and the Joy and 
 Delight of every one, that feels it ac- 
 tive and llrong within him; it is true, 
 this is not arrived at all at once; and 
 it will have an unhappy allay, hang- 
 ing long even about a good Man : But, 
 as thofc ill Mixtures are the perpetu- 
 al Grief of his Soul, fo it is his chief 
 Care to watch over and to mortiljr 
 them ; he will be in a continual Pro- 
 grefs, flill gaining ground upon him- 
 fcif : And, as he attains to a good de- 
 gree of Purity, he will find a noble 
 Flame of Life and Joy growing upon 
 him. Of this I write with the more 
 Concern and Emotion, becaufe I have 
 felt this the true and indeed the only 
 Joy, which runs thro' a Man's Heart 
 and Life : It is that which has been 
 for many Years my greateft Support ; 
 I rejoice daily in it ; I feel from it 
 theEarneft of that fupreme Joy, which 
 I pant and long for ; I am fure there 
 is nothing elfe can afford any true or 
 compleat Happinefs. T have, confi- 
 dering my Sphere, feen a great deal 
 of all, that is moft fhining and tempt- 
 ing in this World : The Pleafures of 
 Senfe I did foon naufeate ; Intrigues 
 ef State, and the Condu6t of Affairs 
 
 have 
 
 have fomcthing in them, that is more* 
 fpecious ; and I was, for fomc Years, 
 deeply immerfed in thefe, but flill 
 wit \ 1 i )pes of reforming the World, 
 and ot making Mankind wifer and bet- 
 ter : But 1 have found. That which is 
 (rooked cannot he madejiraight. I ac-« 
 quainted my felf with Knowledge and 
 Learning, and that in a great Variety, 
 and with more Compafs than Depth : 
 but xho'JVifdom cxcellethFoll)\ as much 
 as Light does Darknefs ; yet, as it is a 
 fore Travail^ fo it is fo very defective, 
 that what is wanting to cornpleat it, 
 cannot he numbered. I have feen that 
 tw(y were better than one^ and that a 
 i, threefold Cord is not eajily loafed ; and have 
 i therefore cultivated Friendlhip with 
 much* Zeal and a difintcrefted Tcnder- 
 nefs ^ but I have found this was alfo 
 Vanity and Vexation of Spirit, tho' it 
 be of the belt and noblefl fort. So that, 
 upon great and long Experience, I 
 could enlarge on the Preacher's Text, 
 Vanity of vanities^ and all is Vanity \ 
 but I muft alfo conclude with him ; 
 Fear Gody and keep his Commandment Sy 
 for this is the All of Man^ the Whole 
 both of his Duty, and of his Happi- 
 nefs. I do therefore end all, in the 
 Words of Davidy of the Truth of 
 which, upon great Experience and a 
 
 long 
 
'Wg'^: 
 
 
 long Obfervation, I a. ■ ; 
 
 cdjthat I leave th J ^' 
 
 to Pollerity, ^^ ( 
 " hearken unto me ^ / 
 " F^^r (?/ the Lord ^ 
 *' ^/&^^ dejireth Life, 
 " D^jV-J, />5?^^ ke may fee Good\ 
 *f thy Tongue from Evi/^ an. ' 
 <^ fromfpeaking Guile ; ^/<?f ' 
 ^^ -z;;/, ^;y<^ do Goody feck i 
 *' purfue it* T'he Eyes of the Loi 
 
 ' s Eii 
 
 /'/ 
 
 ' ^ / 
 
 
 '1 
 
 // 
 
 ^' Upon the Righteous^ 
 
 ^^ open to their Cry : i 
 
 ^} Lord is againjt ; >-. 
 
 " cut off' the Ren/ 
 
 ^^ from the Earth. The Right e 
 
 *' and the Lord heareth .*/ ^ *^ 
 
 " them out of all their Troubles. 
 
 ^^ Lord is nigh unto them^ that are oj a 
 
 '' broken Hearty and faveth fuch as bd 
 
 " of a contrite Spirit.'' 
 
 S\ B, This was written in yune i 708, when 
 the Author rhoughc himfclt near the 
 end of the Hiftory, 
 
 > 
 
 / 
 
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