* 1 -.Aw GENFIRE STEEL COMPANY YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO A COMBINED FORM and REINFORCEMENT for FLOORS and ROOFS w THE IDEAL REINFORCEMENT for SOLID PARTITIONS and CURTAIN WALLS THE FIREPROOF PRODUCTS CO., Inc. 536-548 EAST 133rd STREET, NEW YORK A COMBINED FORM and REINFORCEMENT FOR FLOORS and ROOFS Trussit The IDEAL REINFORCEMENT for SOLID PARTITIONS and CURTAIN WALLS THE FIREPROOF PRODUCTS CO., Inc. 536-548 EAST 133rd STREET, NEW YORK GENFIRE STEEL COMPANY YOUNGSTOWN , OHIO Manufacturers of a Complete Line of Firesafe Building Products, Also Waterproofings and Concrete Preservatives Copyright 1928 by Genfire Steel Company A-592-1 Printed in U. S. A. 5M 12-28 AVERY LIDPARY £QU» .UTILITY GEN FI EE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Table of Contents SELF-SENTERING Page Description. 3 Self-Sentering Shears. 4 Self-Sentering Punch. 4 Self-Sentering Data. 5 Data Regarding Loads. 5 Self-Sentering Roofs. 7 Details of Roofs.8-9 Erecting Temporary Supports.10 Self-Sentering Floors .... .... 11 Roof and Floor Specifications. 13 Self-Sentering Ceilings.14-15 Curved Self-Sentering. 16 Self-Sentering and Trussit for Small Buildings . 17 Steps, Stairs and Risers. 18 Self-Sentering for Walls and Partitions.19 Self-Sentering on Wood Frame Buildings .... 20 Miscellaneous Uses.21 TRUSSIT Description. 23 Trussit Data.24 Solid Partitions. 24 Curtain Walls.25 Details of Partitions and Walls.26-27 Solid Partition Specifications. 28 Curtain Wall Specifications. 29 Solid Exterior Walls.30 Trussit and Self-Sentering for Fences andjRailings . . 31 SELF-SENTEEINGS TEUSSIT Self-Sentering A Combined Form, Lath and Reinforcement for Concrete Walls, Floors, Roofs and Miscellaneous Fireproofing Self-Sentering—Patented March 3, 1914 S ELF-SENTERING is a ribbed expanded metal for concrete reinforcing and miscellaneous fire- safe construction. It serves as both form and reinforcement for concrete floor work and as a com¬ bined steel lath and studding for walls and partitions. Self-Sentering is made up of a series of heavy, cold- drawn ribs 11-16-inch high, spaced 3% inches center to center, connected by the most efficient form of expanded metal — the diamond mesh — all cut and drawn from one sheet of steel. An analytical study of a sheet of Self-Sentering shows it to possess advantages not found in any other style of reinforcement. Its heavy ribs are cold drawn, not stamped, a process that materially in¬ creases their tensile strength. They are made V-shaped, giving maximum rigidity, and with a beaded edge for greater strength where they join the expanded metal fabric. The connecting fabric is designed on the only true principle of expanded metal reinforcement. The diamond shaped mesh diffuses the stresses from con¬ centrated loads, affords effective continuity of the reinforcement and assures that every ounce of the metal is effective to resist tensile stresses. The diamond mesh affords an excellent mechanical bond for the concrete, giving a bonding surface fully eleven times as great as the same effective sectional area in reinforcing bars. This style of mesh also affords a perfect key for plaster or mortar. Side laps on Self-Sentering may be secured by clinching with the special punch described on page 4, thus eliminating lap wiring. Sheets of Self-Sentering are 29 inches wide — the widest of any material made for a similar purpose. This means that the cost of placing Self-Sentering is reduced to a minimum. Every time a 12 foot sheet is applied 29 square feet of surface is covered. The number of laps is correspondingly decreased, with additional saving in labor. While absolutely rigid the long way of the ribs, Self-Sentering is uniformly pliable across the sheet. It can be bent and twisted or folded and returned to its original form without sign of fracture. This char- acteristic makes it applicable to curved work where it is necessary for ribs to run at right angles to the line of the curve, as there is no danger of breaking. It also enables a number of sheets of Self-Sentering to be assembled together on the ground, rolled up and hoisted to the level where it is to be used and there unrolled. Self-Sentering is always furnished with a coating of baked-on enamel to protect it before and after it is placed on the job. This protective coating in no way weakens the bond between steel and concrete as the mesh work of Self-Sentering gives a mechanical bond greatly in excess of that actually needed. Self-Sentering finds its application in all classes of buildings; for concrete roofs, floors, side walls, ceilings, Self-Sentering is pliable and can be formed to any shape without danger of breaking partitions, columns and beam protection—in indus¬ trial buildings, office buildings, warehouses, silos, tanks, garages—such a multitude of uses that it can be classed as a standard fire-resistive reinforcement. Accessories for Field Use Only two pieces of equipment are necessary to re¬ duce the application of Self-Sentering to the minimum amount of work . . . the Self-Sentering Punch and the Self-Sentering Shears. The time saved through the use of these tools quickly pays for their cost. Self-Sentering Punch This punch is used to elimi¬ nate wiring at the laps of Self- Sentering Sheets. By its use the interlocking ribs are securely clinched, making further tying unnecessary. Punching is very rapid and leaves absolutely no play in the joints and no opportunity for sheets to sag or bulge. Self-Sentering Shears in use Showing laps and method of fastening by punching Punches are well made of the best of materials to stand up under this work. Shipping weight, nine pounds. Punches are returnable at invoice price when job is completed. Self-Sentering Shears Self-Sentering Shears can be furnished at a reason¬ able cost and are recommended as a profitable in¬ vestment on work of any size. Their use enables the contractor to order stock size sheets and cut them in the field to suit his needs. Shears are fur- nished complete ready to attach to a wood base and are readily transported from one job to another. The blade is made of high quality tool steel and is re¬ movable to facilitate sharpening. The arm, exclusive of the blade, measures five feet in length, giving powerful leverage. Page Fou r Self-Sentering Data Self-Sentering is made in the standard width of 29 inches and in lengths of 8, 10 and 12 feet. Longer lengths up to 14 feet can be supplied on special order. Intermediate lengths may be obtained from stock, these being cut from the next longer sheet and the waste charged to the customer. Height of ribs, 11-16 inch. Spacing of ribs, always 3% inches, center to center. Always furnished painted, unless galvanized on special order—no unpainted or ungalvanized material is supplied. Armco Iron Self-Sentering furnished on special order only. Self-Sentering is made in the following weights: Painted Weight Per Sq. Ft. Effective Sectional Area Per Ft. of Width .56 lbs. .167 sq. in. .65 lbs. .193 sq. in. .75 lbs. .223 sq. in. Galvanized or Armco Self-Sentering on mill shipment, minimum of five tons one weight and length. The Expanded Metal Angle here shown, is the simplest and most efficient means of attaching Self- Sentering and Trussit to floor and ceiling. These angles are stapled every 18 inches or 20 inches on floor and ceiling, along the line of the partition and the material is wired securely to the perpendicular leg of the angle. These angles are thoroughly bedded in the plaster and become an integral part of the wall, making the attachment permanent and secure. This method of fastening Self-Sentering and Trussit partitions to ceilings and floors, eliminates cracks at these points, preventing transmission of sound and gives sanitary construction. Data Regarding Loads For ordinary spans, Self-Sentering does not require centering, but to insure best results the spans shown in table following should not be exceeded without using temporary supports until concrete has set. These spans are center to center of supports. Wt. Per Slab Thickness Sq. Ft. 2 in. 2A in. 3 in. 3^2 in. .56 3' 3" 3' 0" 2' 9" 2' 6" .65 3' 6" 3' 3" 3' 0" 2' 9" .75 4' 0" 3' 8" 3' 4" 3' 0" Round rods should always be placed over the top of and at right angles to the heavy ribs to take care of temperature stresses. These should be about M-inch diameter or No. 5 wire, spaced 18 or 24 inches on centers and run at right angles to the ribs. Safe Uniformly Distributed Superimposed Loads per Square Foot on Self-Sentering Slabs Stress in steel — 16,000 pounds per square inch. Ratio between the moduli of elasticity — n=15. Center of gravity —.19 of an inch above bottom of slab. WL Bending Moment- 10 Safe Superimposed Loads per Sq. Ft. for Self-Sentering Slabs (Weight of slab and Plaster on underside deducted) Thickness of Slabs above mesh Wt. s. s. per Sq. Foot Max. Stress in Concrete Lbs. Per Sq.In. Moment of re¬ sistance Per Ft. of Width Span in Feet 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 .56 lb. 700 4557 392 207 122 75 48 29 2" .65 lb. 700 4774 412 219 129 80 51 32 .75 lb. 700 4984 431 229 136 85 55 35 .56 lb. 630 6144 532 283 168 106 68 44 27 2'A" .65 lb. 690 7052 332 199 127 84 56 37 .75 lb. 700 7525 356 215 138 92 62 41 .56 lb. 560 7551 352 210 133 86 56 36 3" .65 lb. 610 8657 408 247 158 106 71 46 30 .75 lb. 670 9939 475 289 188 127 87 60 41 .56 lb. 510 8964 419 251 160 104 69 44 27 3 'A" .65 lb. 555 10290 487 295 190 127 86 58 38 .75 lb. 605 11797 346 226 153 106 73 50 33 .56 lb. 470 10377 486 292 186 123 81 53 32 4" .65 lb. 515 11926 343 222 149 101 69 45 28 .75 lb. 555 13672 402 264 178 124 87 60 40 B M. =1/10 Wli For B.M.=1/12 Wl« add 20% to above loads. For B.M.=l/8 Wl> deduct 20% from above loads. Page Five CENFIKE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Carnegie Steel Co., Office, Youngstown, Ohio The Hippodrome, Youngstown, Ohio Self-Sentering Roof Self-Sentering Roof, West Technical High School, Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland Pumping Station The Masters & Mullens Const. Co., Cont. Large Pitched Self-Sentering Roof Detroit, Mich. Egyptian Theatre, Portland, Oregon Edward A. Miller, Arch Griffin Wheel Works. Vernon, Calif. IsTF’HH'TS'li STOt Machine Shop Roof, Seaboard Air Line, Savannah, Ga. Columbus Die Tool & Machine Co., Columbus, O. F. L. Packard, Arch. J. C. Davidson, Cont. A Few Types of Self-Sentering Roofs Page Six SELF-SENTEBINC^TBUSSIT Self-Sentering Roofs R EINFORCED concrete makes the ideal type of roof— at once fireproof and enduring, and * with practically no maintenance expense. The problem has been to make a concrete roof of reasonable cost and weight. Using Self-Sentering as both form and reinforcement overcomes these difficulties. First, no forms are required. The heavy ribs give ample rigidity to support the weight of the wet concrete. Second, the large sheets permit the rapid erection of such a roof with a minimum labor cost. These same large sheets require the fewest possible laps which also increases labor efficiency. Third, the slabs need be but 2 or 3 inches thick, cutting the dead load in half as compared with the ordinary concrete roof. This is not only a saving in labor and material on the roof itself, but very often permits the use of much lighter supporting framing. Though Self-Sentering Roofs are comparatively light, a study of the Safe Load Tables given on page 5 shows that their strength is far in excess of all roof requirements. Self-Sentering Roofs are particularly adapted to steel frame buildings, but they are used economically and effectively on wood or concrete framing as well. The sheets are merely laid over the roof purlins, attached to them securely by clips, wire, nails or staples and the concrete applied to the required thick¬ ness. Only enough passes through the mesh to thoroughly bond to the steel. The underside is then plastered with cement mortar and the roof is com¬ plete, ready for waterproofing. Self-Sentering opens up a comparatively new field for concrete roofs, namely, on buildings where pitched roofs are desired. Heretofore pitched roofs of concrete have not been considered practicable as there was no economical method of keeping the concrete in place on the inclined surface until it had set. Self-Sentering, in addition to acting as form and reinforcing, also gives a bond for the concrete so that it is readily used on roofs of any char¬ acter— pitched roofs, domes, saw-tooth or flat — and at practically the same cost for one as for the other. Self-Sentering allows such a diversity of roof con¬ struction that it has considerable architectural value and as a result it is being used on buildings where concrete roofs formerly could not be considered. For complete specifications, see page 13. Self-Sentering Roof, Underwood Bldg., San Francisco. Architect, L. P. Hobart, Contractor, H. A. Chalmers Page Seven STEEL ' COMPANY Details of Self-Sentering Roofs Details of some of the various types of Self-Senter¬ ing roofs are here shown. The method of using this material and the variety of purposes it can be made to serve are limited only by the skill of the engineer or his familiarity with the qualities of Self-Sentering. A Temporary Self-Sentering Roof Over Future Floor The type of roof shown in the above detail is for temporary use in build¬ ings designed for future additions. Where ordinarily a cinder fill is used to obtain the necessary pitch, Self-Sentering enables the roof to be built up to the desired pitch on wood framing. In a large roof this eliminates the dead load and other complications resulting from the uneven loading of the roof by cinder fill, and forms a much better insulation. Page Eight SELF-SENTEEING ^TEUSSIT Details of Self-Sentering Roofs Detail of Self-Sentering Saw-Tooth Roof Detail of Ordinary Pitched Roof on Structural Framing. Self-Sentering Attached to Steel Channel with No. 7 Clips For Monitor type roofs Self-Sentering is used for both walls and roof. The versatility of Self-Sentering is shown in the varied number of types of roof con¬ struction to which it is adapted. Where- ever areas are to be covered, this material provides a roof that is light, economical and permanent. Detail of Monitor Roof Self-Sentering Construction Page Nine GENFIBE'STEEL COM PA Methods of Erecting Temporary Supports Required on Long Spans Page Ten Extreme Simplicity of Erecting Temporary Supports on Long Spans SELF-SENTEEING X TEUSSIT Self-Sentering Floors S ELF-SENTERING is the ideal reinforcement for every type of concrete floor. It can be used for floors supported by steel, wood or concrete beams, provides great strength and adds greatly to the fire-safety of the entire structure. Because Self-Sentering is both form and reinforce¬ ment the expensive part of concrete floor construction —form work—is eliminated and the cost of the com¬ pleted floor is greatly reduced. The open mesh-work of Self-Sentering requires a moderately dry concrete, which assures a minimum amount of water and a correspondingly stronger slab. The construction of Self-Sentering floors is very similar to that of Self-Sentering roofs, with the ex¬ ception that the floor must be built heavier to support the greater loads. Of the various types of floor shown here each has its individual merits, but all are alike in certain respects, viz.: economy in erection due to absence of form work, great strength compared to their light weight, and permanent, fire-safe and sanitary charac¬ teristics. Concrete floors have easily proved themselves the most enduring type, and with expensive form work eliminated by Self-Sentering, their cost has been re¬ duced to compare favorably with all other types. The use of lighter slabs made possible by Self-Sentering has cut the weight to a minimum permitting other economies in the design of structural members. With Self-Sentering acting as form and reinforce¬ ment, the danger of premature removal of forms is impossible. Self-Sentering Floor—Type No. 1 Self-Sentering is attached direct to steel beams by clips, the concrete applied to the desired thickness and the underside plastered with cement mortar. Sides of beam boxes are wired together to save bracing across the span. To permit pour¬ ing the beam haunching at the same time, punch out the mesh between the Self- Sentering ribs where they come over the beam. Cement Plaster J Hey Lath Self-Sentering Floor—Type No. 2 Concrete 5/ab^ Self-Sentering sheets, with ends curved to the proper radius at the factory, rest on the lower flange of steel beams, serv¬ ing both as reinforcing and centering for the slab, and as a form for the fire¬ proofing of the sides of the beam. The bottom of the beam is wrapped with Expanded Metal Lath and plastered at the same time as the underside of the slab. Self-Sentering Floor—Type No. 3 Self-Sentering sheets are supported by sides of beam boxes and concrete applied to the necessary thickness at the same time beams are poured. Underside to be plastered after beam boxes are re¬ moved. Self-Sentering acts as both form and reinforcement. Self-Sentering Floor—Type No. 4 ISA Conereie Self-Sentering sheets, curved at ends to exact radius required, are placed with ends resting on bottom board of beam boxes, where they serve as form and rein¬ forcing for the slab, and also as form for the sides of the concrete beam. Page Eleven GEN FI EE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Municipal Building, Geneva, N. Y. L. P. Adams, Architect, R. R. Schnirel, Cont. City Hall, Youngstown, Ohio Curved Self-Sentering Flc Union Market Building, St. Louis, Mo. Self-Sentering Ceilings. Bryant & Chapman Creamery, Hartford, Conn. L. D. Bailey, Arch. Apartment Building. Evansville, Ind. ’-Sentering Floors, Roofs and Columns. Boys’ High School, Louisville, Ky. J. Earl Henry, Arch., iiley & Koemer, Cont. Some Self-Sentering Floors and Ceilings Page Twelve SELF-SEN T E EIN G ^ TEU8SIT Self-Sentering Roof and Floor Specifications 1 — Self-Sentering Self-Sentering with ribs 3% inches center to center manufactured by the Genfire Steel Company, Youngs¬ town, Ohio, shall be used on all concrete roofs and floors as indicated on plans. The Self-Sentering shall be rigidly attached to supporting members by special clips supplied by the manufacturer or by tie wire (No. 18 gauge preferred). (NOTE: See Safe Load Tables for weight and areas of Self-Sentering and thickness of slab for various spacing of supports, page 5.) The clips or tie wire, securing the Self-Sentering to the supports, shall be spaced not more than 7 V 4 inches apart, i. e., one clip at every other rib at each bearing point and clamped so that the Self-Sentering is firmly held in place. The side ribs of Self-Sentering sheets shall inter¬ lock and be securely fastened together by clinching with a special punch; the ends to lap at least 4 inches where lap comes over support and not less than 8 inches if laps occur between supports. Where sheets lap between supports, ends of adjoining sheets shall be securely fastened together by punching or wiring. 2 — Concrete Proper planking shall be placed on top of sheets to enable workmen to wheel concrete without damaging the Self-Sentering. Concrete to form a slab of the required thickness shall then be placed on top of the Self-Sentering and shall consist of a mixture of one part Portland cement, two parts of clean sand, and four parts of fine gravel or crushed stone to pass a V 2 inch screen and of a consistency which will permit the concrete to key through the mesh of Self-Sentering without waste by dripping. Top shall be floated smooth. (NOTE: The thickness of concrete above the mesh of Self-Sentering shall depend upon the strength of slab required. See Safe Load Tables.) Concrete should be deposited over supports and spread towards center of span. 3 — Plastering Underside When the slab has thoroughly set, the underside shall be plastered with one coat of cement plaster to a thickness of */2 inch. This coat shall consist of a mixture of one part Portland cement (gauged with 1-10 its volume of lime), 2^/2 parts clean, sharp sand, with the addition of a small amount of hair to assist adhesion. 4 — Expansion Rods (NOTE: Required on all roofs, recommended for floors as well. The manufacturers of Self-Sentering furnish a special No. 5 rod .207 inches in diameter for this purpose.) Round rods having a sectional area of about .03 square inches, shall be placed 24 inches on centers on top of the ribs and at right angles to them to take up expansion. 5 — Roofing After the concrete has set an approved brand of roofing shall be applied. 6 - - With Wood Beams Where supporting members are of wood, suitable wire staples (14/2 inch, No. 10-gauge galvanized, with a % inch spread preferred) shall be used to secure the Self-Sentering in position. Self-Sentering sheets shall be stapled to supports not more than 7*/4 inches apart, i.e., one staple to every other rib at each bearing point. Sheets shall be fastened together, concrete applied and underside plastered as on steel construction. 7 — Mosaic or Terrazzo Floors over Wooden Joists Over wooden joists shall be laid one layer of black, waterproof building paper; over this, .56 lbs. Self- Sentering with ribs up and across the joists; on this shall be placed IV 2 inches of concrete to consist of one part Portland cement, two parts clean, sharp sand and four parts rock having a maximum dimension of 3 /4 inch. Concrete shall be thoroughly mixed to a quaking or jelly-like consistency and applied. Wooden screeds 14/2 inches thick shall be laid so concrete can be screeded off to an accurate thickness and be made smooth and level, forming a base for tile, terrazzo, marble, etc. 8 — With Concrete Beams Where concrete beams are used with flat slabs, the ends of the Self-Sentering sheets shall rest on edges of beam boxes, extending into the concrete beam approximately 2 inches. Sides of beam boxes may be wired together to save bracing. With arched slabs the ends of the Self-Sentering sheet shall rest on the bottom board of the beam box, and shall be lightly fastened to prevent displacement while pour¬ ing. In other respects the work shall be performed in the same manner as with structural steel framing. Page Thirteen GENFIEE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Self-Sentering Ceilings F OR firesafe ceiling work, where suspended ceilings are required, or where beams or other supports are too far apart to permit the use of metal lath without cross furring, Self-Sentering offers an economical type of construction. In this capacity it acts as both lath and furring, the heavy ribs taking the place of small channels or angles necessary with metal lath and the diamond mesh connecting fabric forming a perfect plastering surface. The Self- Sentering is secured by clips or wiring to all beams or hangers at alternate ribs, these supports being spaced from 3 to 5 feet on centers. Due to the close spacing ( 3 % inches, center to center) of the Self-Sentering ribs, an unusually firm surface is afforded for the plaster and necessary strength is developed to support the ceiling load. In addition to the added strength given to such a ceiling by reason of the closely spaced ribs, the elimina¬ tion of all furring and labor entailed in its application results in considerable saving in time and material. The large sheets of Self-Sentering permit very rapid erection of such a ceiling, reducing the number of laps and cutting labor costs. Ceiling Specifications 1 — Material For all suspended ceilings, Self-Sentering, manufactured by the Genfire Steel Company, Youngstown, Ohio, shall be placed with lath surface down and attached to lines of support at every other rib, either by No. 14 gauge wire or by special clips. 2 — Supports Supports shall be hung from roof or floor slabs by )4 x 1 inch flats or by 34 inch rounds. Supports (excepting regular floor beams) shall be 1)4 inches cold-rolled channels. 3 — Spacing of Supports When .56 lb. Self-Sentering is used, spans shall not exceed 4 feet; when .65 lb. Self-Sentering is used, spans shall not exceed 6 feet; when .75 lb. Self-Sentering is used, spans shall not exceed 8 feet. 4 — Lapping Sheets Sides and ends of adjoining sheets shall be securely interlocked and fastened every 2 feet along the sides and at every other rib of the ends by wiring. End laps over supports shall be 4 inches and between supports 8 inches, the latter to be staggered, if possible. 5 — Plaster Plaster shall be of the same quality as specified for other parts of the building. (NOTE: Plaster should contain double the amount of hair or fibre required for wood lath work.) Union Station, Denver, Col. 42,756 sq. ft. .75 lb. Armco Ingot Iron Self-Sentering used. Architects, Gove & Walsh, Denver. Contractors, General—Stocker & Fraser, Denver. Plasterer, Anthony Hobson. Denver Page Fourteen SIELF-SIENTIEEING ^ TEUSSIT Details of Self-Sentering Ceilings Self-Sentering Ceiling Applied Directly on Steel Beams Self-Sentering Ceiling Suspended from Steel Beams and Concrete Slab *3 Wire Hanger’ I'/z QFChannel * * vj 5 Cemenf Plaster £ 5e/f-5en term y Methods of Hanging Self-Sentering Suspended Ceilings from Tile and Concrete Slabs y-M .. M 'Jifh-J \ -V < ' <1 o' l c ■rt A . 0 L ^ X ■- V . -- 3 % V Pj 1= ■•0 . V. P.'V W? F> -0 ■ V V ‘ } — 'A Pound 4-0 o.-c. Channel r '*~SeWSentenncj f .Cement Piaster Self-Sentering Ceiling Suspended from Fireproof Steel Beams Page Fifteen Curved Self-Sentering While curved or arched construction is recognized as the strongest type, the ex¬ pense of curved form work has been almost prohibitive. Self-Sentering, acting as both form and reinforcement, removes this ob¬ jection. The illustrations show a few of the shapes to which Self-Sentering may be curved. Self-Sentering can be curved at our factory to any desired radius — 12 inches or larger, with ribs always on the outside of the arc. This bending is done by special rolls which insure uniformity in the curve not otherwise obtainable and the cost of this work done in the factory is much lower than if done on the job. Curved Self-Sentering is adaptable for arched floor or roof slabs, silos, tanks, conduits, chimneys or culverts—any curved work where the stresses follow the line of the curve. On work where the ribs run at right angles to the curve, the material can be readily curved as it is placed, due to its uniform pliability. Instructions for Ordering Curved Sheets Any portion of a circle with a radius of 12 inches or more, up to a complete circumference, or sheets with center portion flat and one or both ends curved to any radius, 12 inches or more, may be obtained, with the exception that the .56 lb. weight cannot be curved to a smaller radius than 15 inches. In any case Self-Sentering can be furnished curved with the ribs on the outside of the arc only. The ordering of curved Self-Sentering involves no complicated figures for only a few simple dimensions are required — the exact length of the chord as indicated by C on the sketch shown, and the height of rise as indicated by D. Where possible, the radius to which the sheets are to be curved should be given. For a complete circle, such as for pipes, simply give the required diameter. For sheets curved at the ends and flat in the center, give the width of the span, the height of rise and the radius of the curved portions. Page Sixteen Self-Sentering and Trussit for Small Buildings Small buildings, when constructed with Trussit and Self-Sentering, are easy to erect, are low in cost and extremely firesafe. Too often, industrial firms neglect their small build¬ ings and as a result have their plants blemished and endangered by unsightly, easily inflammable structures. There is absolutely no economy in using wood or sheet iron when permanent, firesafe and distinctive appear¬ ing small buildings can be constructed with Trussit and Self-Sentering at a very reasonable cost. Garages, oil houses, filling stations, paint store¬ houses and other small buildings should always be of firesafe construction. Isolated buildings such as those on farms or in small villages secure fire protec¬ tion at a minimum of cost through the use of Genfire products. Construction of small buildings with Genfire materials is easy. A light steel framework is usually set up, and to it is fastened the sheets of Trussit. Where the roof load is very light, a temporary wood framework is all that is required. As soon as the Trussit reinforced walls harden sufficiently, the sup¬ ports are removed, leaving permanent, sturdy walls of cement. The roof is constructed with light steel trusses, which support the Self-Sentering sheets. As no forms are required the concrete is applied directly over the Self-Sentering, the result being an enduring, water¬ tight and firesafe roof. Trussit is especially adaptable for building 2-inch solid walls and partitions without the use of studding. Its advantages have been outlined in other parts of this book. Self-Sentering is unexcelled for use in short span concrete slabs without the use of form work. From a cost standpoint, concrete construction for small build¬ ings involving the use of Trussit or Self-Sentering, or both, has no equal. These two products put per¬ manent, firesafe, weather-proof, pleasing-looking structures within the reach of all. Limitation of space prevents a more detailed description of Trussit and Self-Sentering used in small buildings, but our engineering department may be called on at any time for additional information. Various types of Firesafe, permanent small buildings, economically erected with Self-Sentering. ^ rm.n as, Page Seven teen GENFIBE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Self-Sentering for Steps, Stairs and Seat Risers The use of Self-Sentering entirely eliminates the expensive false work formerly required for concrete stairs and similar construction. This alone recom¬ mends it for the work. Other important results are a saving of labor and material, and a lighter, stronger finished job. Several illustrations of the use of Self-Sentering for stairs and seat risers are shown below. Self-Sentering acting as form and reinforcing for both risers and treads. Self-Sentering as form and rein¬ forcement for grandstand seats, chair platforms in theatres and similar build¬ ings. 2}' 2 " or 3" of concrete should always be used for best results in fasten¬ ing chairs, etc. For seats in grandstands, for chair platforms in theatres and similar build¬ ings, Self-Sentering can also be used to marked advantage, making unneces¬ sary the heavy, solid masonry ordi¬ narily required and at the same time eliminating complicated form work. The detail shown here is one used in a large theatre building in Chicago. Page Eighteen 8 E 1IL F-SENT E BING S TRUSS IX Self-Sentering for Walls and Partitions The convenient size of the sheets—-29 inches wide and ranging from 4 to 12 feet in length—and the absence of accessories necessary for installation— facilitate the erection of Self-Sentering walls and partitions. Laps fit tight and when covered with cement plaster become as solid and permanent as the rest of the wall. These walls are conspicuously free from cracking and require no repairs or attention after they are once constructed. Solid Partitions Inherent qualities which make Self-Sentering with¬ out equal as reinforcing for roofs and floors hold true when this product is used for non-bearing walls and partitions. Studding and formwork are eliminated. Because of the strength of the reinforcing, walls need be only two inches thick, thus saving considerable floor space. As the ordinary partition is 6 inches thick, an additional foot of floor space is available for each three lineal feet of partitions. Self-Sentering walls are fire-resistive, soundproof, sanitary and economical, and are especially adapted for partitions in hospitals, schoolhouses and apart¬ ment houses. (See page 28 for specifications). Curtain Walls Cement curtain walls that add considerably to the appearance and value of a building are quickly and economically erected when Self-Sentering is used as reinforcing. No forms are necessary, for the sheets of Self-Sentering are set in place, firmly fastened to the structural members supporting the floors or roofs, then covered inside and out with cement plaster. This type of construction is especially adaptable to industrial buildings, and does away with unsightly heat and cold conducting corrugated iron walls which require frequent painting. (See page 29 for specifications). Self-Sentering Partitions are Economical to Erect and Save Floor Space P a Nineteen GENFIKE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Self-Sentering in Wood Frame Buildings Wood Frame Buildings are particularly benefitted through the use of Self-Sentering on walls, floors, roofs and ceilings—the cement construction is an effective fire stop and prolongs the life of a wood structure by protecting it from moisture, wood-boring worms and decay. This economical type of construction is adaptable to practically any structure. Factories, storerooms, apartments, houses, hospitals, stores, offices, etc., are protected from fire and made more permanent by the use of Self-Sentering. Self-Sentering partitions, when used in buildings having brick walls and wood framing and floors, offer sufficient resistance to an ordinary blaze to confine it in one room, whereas less fire-retardant partitions might permit the fire to spread throughout the building. Because of its stiff ribs, Self-Sentering is quickly set in place and economically plastered. Its strength makes possible wide spacing of supports and the use of few temporary supports and no permanent studs in solid partitions and curtain wall construction. The advantages of Self-Sentering on wood joists floors are many. Self-Sentering is laid directly on the joists, rib side up, and stapled in place. It is immediately ready to receive the concrete without forms or temporary supports of any kind. Nailing strips or wood sleepers placed in position before the concrete is poured permit any desired floor finish. Aside from its fire resistive features, this type of floor is very economical to construct, forms an ideal base for tile, is light and deadens sound. GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing paste, applied to the cement, both eliminates dampness and increases the compressive strength of the material and should be used for all floors of this kind. Self-Sentering Partitions Add Permanence and Fire-Safety to Wood Construction Page Twenty Self-Sentering for Miscellaneous Uses Self-Sentering has been applied to such a great variety of uses that it is impossible to classify all of them under specific kinds of construction. Because of its remarkable adaptability, its flexibility, its strength and economy in erection (for no forms are necessary), Self-Sentering has been used on many special jobs, and new applications are constantly being discovered. On this page are shown photographs of a few of the more unusual uses to which Self-Sentering has been put. The Self-Sentering Heating Tunnels in a manu¬ facturing plant in Clinton, Iowa, are especially inter¬ esting. Even the elbows were made with this product and the total cost was far less than if the tunnels had been constructed with wooden forms. The uses of Self-Sentering are unlimited. This product has become almost as universal in use as concrete itself and it constantly suggests and makes possible many new uses for reinforced concrete. Curtis Bros. Co. Factory Building, Clinton, Iowa. Curved Self-Sentering for Heating Tunnels. R. L. Sieg, Architect, Logan Bros., Contractors. Curved Self-Sentering in Place Ready for Concrete Other unusual forms of construction in which Self- Sentering has been used are curved tanks and vats, silos, small bridges and culverts, spherical domes for observatories and churches and even wayside shrines. It has become one of the most popular forms of construction for small homes in the Tropics, where dampness and insects would quickly destroy wood and where poured concrete would be too expensive for the laboring classes. Self-Sentering in Elbow Formation, Showing What Can be Done With This Material in Providing Form Work for Concrete Construction . . .. • Sewage Disposal Tanks, Columbus, Ohio. Baffle Walls of Self-Sentering Construction Designed by J. J. Morgan Page Twenty-one GEN FI EE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Railroad station, Caddo, Oklahoma. Walls of Trussit. Texas Portland Cement Company, Houston. Trussit walls. Athletic Field, Haverhill, Mass. Trussit fence. Plastering a Trussit Parti¬ tion. Crown Knitting Mills, Mohrsville, Pa Hand Ball Court, Y. M. C. A Los Angeles. Trussit wall. . -A A Few Solid Trussit Walls Trussit fence. N. High School, Minneapolis, Minn. Trussit fence. Hood Rubber Company,Watertown, Mass. Page Twenty-Two self-sentering: ^trussit TRUSSIT A Reinforcement for Walls and Partitions T RUSSIT is a specialized building product, designed for the purpose of reinforcing and forming fire-resistive concrete walls and par¬ titions. In this field it has unchallenged leadership. Self-Sentering, with its acknowledged points of superiority over similar materials, is usually used for walls when it is already specified for the roofs and floors of the same job. It adapts itself so well to this usage, and is so much better than any other type of reinforcing, except Trussit, that it meets the most rigid requirements. The Genfire Steel Company is in an enviable position to be able to recommend either of these two leaders. Competing only with ourselves, we are able to specify the best material for the job. Section of a Sheet of Trussit Showing Uniform Distribution of Metal Trussit is a corrugated expanded metal sheet for reinforcing and forming fire-resistive walls and par¬ titions. Its chief advantages are these: No studding is needed, due to the strength and rigid¬ ity of the Trussit design. Partitions are only two inches thick. As a result, there is a saving in materials, and what may be espe¬ cially important, a considerable saving in floor space. Trussit walls are shock-proof and will resist greater blows than any ordinary type of construction. As Trussit is expanded uniformly in both directions, the wall has equal strength from either side. It is so interwoven back and forth through the cement or plaster that it becomes an integral part of the wall. Uniform distribution of the metal overcomes any tendency towards cracking of wall through expansion and contraction, in any direction, due to changes in temperature. Trussit walls are fire-resistive. New York, with the most severe requirements for fireproof construction of any city, approves the use of Trussit in partitions, elevator shafts and bulk¬ heads. Page Twenty-Three GENFIBE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Trussit Data Trussit comes in the standard width of 19 inches, and is carried in stock in 8, 10 and 12 foot lengths. Intermediate lengths may be obtained from stock, these being cut from the next longer sheet and the waste charged to the customer. This material is always packed 10 sheets to the bundle, and is either painted or galvanized—-no un¬ painted or ungalvanized material is supplied. Trussit is made in the following weights per square foot: Weight per square foot Painted Galvanized Armco .57 lbs .68 lbs. .57 lbs. .62 lbs. Not made .62 lbs. .83 lbs. .88 lbs. .83 lbs. Trussit cut from galvanized and Armco Ingot Iron Sheets can be supplied from stock in 8 foot lengths only. Orders for other lengths will be subject to delays incident to delivery of sheets from the mill. Special lengths of Trussit cut from galvanized or Armco sheets furnished in mill shipments of 5 tons minimum of one length and weight only. Trussit Solid Partitions T RUSSIT is the basis of solid partitions erected without studding. These partitions show maximum strength and rigidity with minimum weight, embody simplicity of construction by eliminat¬ ing studding and have a wide range of adaptability for all classes of buildings. Trussit is especially suitable for solid partitions in hospitals, schools, apartments, storerooms, office buildings, warehouses, and factories; also extensively used for elevator and air shafts. The use of Trussit in solid partition construction gives a wall 2 inches thick (slightly more for extended heights), constructed without studding of any kind, and making an absolutely firesafe plastered partition. Statistics from large conflagrations show that these solid partitions are the most durable type, even when exposed to intense heat. The sound-proofness of the 2-inch solid partition is a very important feature in a Trussit wall. When properly fastened to the floors and ceilings this wall is unsurpassed for sound-proofness. This feature alone makes Trussit solid partition walls especially adaptable to use in schoolhouses, hospitals and apart¬ ment houses. The space-saving feature of such a partition can¬ not be over-estimated. When compared with the ordinary 6-inch partition, a Trussit partition means a saving of one square foot of floor space to every three lineal feet of partition. In warehouses, storage buildings and hospitals, these thin partitions give maximum usable floor space. This increased floor space, acquired at no in¬ creased cost, often is just enough to mean the dif¬ ference between efficient and non-efficient arrange¬ ment of the building’s contents. Electrical installations are very easily made in two-inch partitions through the use of shallow switch boxes especially built for this work. These fittings can be obtained from a number of reliable manufac¬ turers. Trussit makes economical partitions. The tempo¬ rary bracing, required in its erection, can be placed very economically and quickly, and can be used over and over again. There is absolutely no waste of plaster as the first coat applied forms the foundation for the coat applied on the reverse side. Page Twenty-four SELF-SENTERING TRUSSI1 nr Trussit Curtain Walls Every architect and engineer has, at some time, experienced dissatisfaction over the excessive amount of material necessary to build the old type curtain walls. These walls carry no loads, their sole function being to keep out the weather, yet their thickness is necessary to secure the proper stability. Trussit reinforced cement curtain walls are fire- resistive—equal to brick, tile, or poured concrete and cost much less. The slabs are of minimum thickness, yet due to the perfect distribution of the reinforcing metal, they are strong and rigid. Trussit Curtain Walls always present a neat and uniform appearance and never require repairs. They cost somewhat more than the antiquated corrugated iron walls but are much more durable and the elimination of paint and repair bills makes them more economical in the end. Such walls are easily and quickly erected, no studding or form work being necessary. The sheets are set in place, securely fastened at top and bottom, at all laps and to such structural members as are in place to support floor and roof. Cement plaster is then applied inside and out and the walls are com¬ plete. This construction is particularly adapted to all classes of industrial buildings. The light weight of Trussit Walls makes them feasible where other forms of fireproof curtain walls cannot be used. Such walls are ideal for use on the steel frames of mill buildings and they may be used where the difficulty of securing good foundations makes a heavy brick or mass concrete wall inadvisable. We unhesitatingly recommend Trussit for all curtain walls where appearance,permanence,strength, fire retardance and insulation against heat and cold are desired. Utica Heater Company Building, Whitesboro, N. Y., Trussit Curtain Walls Page Twenty-five CENFIKE ' STEEL ' COMPANY Framing of Wood Doors—Trussit Partitions trussit Cement Plaster ~/'Channel / , 2'Channel LMJ Section D n I "Chon net 2 "Channel Wire- tea 5echonB “Trussit ” -Cement Plaster ' Trussjfs Expanded Metal/tngle Door Frame Gas Pipe or Condo if l tPYf\ 0 ' ■ o 9 o ° o Detail showing placing of Pipes or Con¬ duits in Trussit Partitions Picture Pdouldpr “Trussit erected vertically Chair Rail Base Board Cement Plaster Method of Fastening Baseboard, Chair Rail and Picture Mould to Trussit Self-Sentering may be used wherever Trussit is specified, construction details being the same. See pages 19 and 23 Page Twenty-six SELF-SENTEKING ^ TKUS 8 1T Slot Column S Tt HP C.pdip&y: : 9 1" slots are cast in concrete during pouring. Trussit is inserted into these slots and plastered Concrete Co/umnS Trass if Attaching Trussit Walls and Partitions to Concrete Col¬ umn Wood ph ys D 16 c c '■ ... Cr/mpe Colum n- D Line, ^ 1 Furririq■ ) \ " Wl Trussit J n ill Temporary bracing of Trus¬ sit Partitions. If supports are too far apart to be spanned by one brace, the horizontal braces may be braced from the floor. "beifbentennpj" re Tie Attaching Trussit Walls and Partitions to concrete con¬ struction One method of attaching Trussit to walls and col¬ umns. Wood plugs are set in concrete and expanded metal angle nailed thereto. Trussit is wired securely to furring strips and plastered Expanded Meta, flnqte connection . wired to Se/f-Sentermc/ -Self-Senlermg E" Cement Plaster Method of attaching Self- Sentering Partition to Sus¬ pended Ceiling Detail of Method of attaching Trussit Partition to Con¬ crete Beam ... • ..6. • ■■ ■ n 'Si .