HXOOO 15067 
 
Columbia ®ntoersttp x ^ 
 fa tfje City of Jleto govk 
 
 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS 
 AND SURGEONS 
 
 Reference Library 
 
 Given by 
 
 ^v Yv. ^ -S 
 
 •^ 
 
c 
 
 CONSTITUTION, BY-LAWS, 
 OFFICERS and LIST of MEMBERS 
 of the SOCIETY of ALUMNI of 
 ^BELLEVUE HOSPITAL 
 
 1913 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
3nbex 
 
 Frontispiece "Bellevue as Proposed" 3 
 
 Officers and Standing Committees for 1913 4 
 
 Officers and Standing Committees for 1914-15 5 
 
 Bellevue Chronicles 6 
 
 President's Inaugural Address 18 
 
 Obituary: 
 
 J. O. Pingry, J. E. Allen, E. S. Bogert 33 
 
 I. W. Condict, M. Thomson, W. S. Cheesman 34 
 
 H. J. Owen, J. C. Young, F. Hartley 35 
 
 R. L. Brodie, C. McBurney 36 
 
 C. Phelps 37 
 
 Death Roll 38 
 
 Programs 45 
 
 Prize Essay 51 
 
 Constitution and By-Laws 69 
 
 Roster : 
 
 Resident Active Members 87 
 
 Non-Resident Active Members ( 99 
 
 Emeritus Members 104 
 
 Permanent Associate Members 105 
 
 Non-Resident Permanent Associate Members 105 
 
 Honorary Members 105 
 
 Associate Members ; 106 
 
 Statistics 107 
 
 Officers : 
 
 Presidents 108 
 
 Vice-Presidents 109 
 
 Secretaries 110 
 
 Treasurers 110 
 
 Historian 110 
 
 Founders Ill 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 
 Open Knowledge Commons 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/constitutionbyla1913newy 
 
E/O.ST- • BlvtB • 
 
 FlCiT AvtNut •• 
 
 0^ 
 
 •• 5lock • Plam •- 
 
 □ 
 
 COMrl»T» MtLOlMb NtW btLUtVUt . Hoft'lTAt • NtW YoBn ClT)'. 
 
 56Mtl-l<Ki.o- 
 
 :1 
 
 T r 
 
Officers and #tanoing Committees 
 
 For 1913 
 
 »u» i J - - ■ 
 
 ^restoent 
 
 Henry Mann Silver 
 
 #ice=$resibcnt 
 
 George David Stewart 
 
 Secretary 
 
 Hugh B. Blackwell 
 148 West 58th Street 
 
 treasurer 
 
 Robert Justice Wilson 
 549 Riverside Drive 
 
 Historian 
 
 Robert James Carlisle 
 
 Committee on Science 
 
 Henry Mann Silver, Chairman, ex. of. 
 H. Seymour Houghton 
 
 Floyd Milford Crandall 
 
 Committee on entertainment 
 
 George David Stewart, Chairman, ex. of. 
 61 West 50th Street 
 
 Bruce G. Phillips 
 
 Albert E. Sellenings 
 
 Committee on J^eto Jfflembers 
 
 Chester F. S. Whitney, Chairman 
 
 256 West 97th Street 
 Claude A. Frink 
 
 Mills Sturtevant 
 
 William E. Caldwell 
 
 Clarence P. Oberndore 
 
Officers ano branding Committees! 
 
 For 1914-1915 
 
 •President 
 
 George David Stewart 
 
 ^ice=iPresiibent 
 
 James S. Waterman 
 
 ibecretarp 
 
 Hugh Burke Blackwell 
 
 148 West 58th Street 
 
 ^Treasurer 
 
 Robert Justice Wilson 
 
 549 Riverside Drive 
 
 Historian 
 
 Robert James Carlisle 
 
 Committee on Science 
 
 S. D. Stewart, Bx-Officio 
 
 H. M. Silver 
 
 H. S. Houghton 
 
 Committee on entertainment 
 
 J. S. Waterman, Ex-Officio 
 
 Bruce G. Philipps 
 
 Albert E. Sellenings 
 
 Committee on JSeto iflemoeri 
 
 C. F. S. Whitney, Chairman 
 Mills Sturtevant 
 
 Hubert V. Guile 
 
 W. E. Caldwell 
 
 Mark Fleming 
 
Pellebue Cfjnmicleg 
 
 BELLEVUE 
 CHRONICLES 
 
 1714 March 24. The Common Council of the City of New York 
 appointed a "Committee to Consult with the Mayor about 
 the building of A poor house and house of Correction in 
 this City and that they Consider of A Convenient place to 
 Erect the same, of the Demensions and Materials and of 
 ways & Means for Raising A fund for the Compleat- 
 ing thereof & make Report thereof to the Next Common 
 Council." 
 
 (Nothing further is to be found in the minutes regarding 
 this till twenty years after.) 
 
 1734 "Att A Common Council held at the City Hall of the Said 
 City on friday the twentieth day of December Anno Dom 
 1734. 
 
 Whereas the Nessessity, Number and Continual In- 
 crease of the Poor within this City is very great and Ex- 
 ceeding burthensome of the Inhabitants thereof for want 
 of a Workhouse and House of Correction and 
 
 Whereas there is not yet any Provision made for the 
 Relief and setting on Work of Poor Needy Persons and 
 Idle Wandring Vagabonds, Sturdy Beggars and Others, who 
 frequently Committ divers misdemeanors within the Said 
 City, who living Idly and unimployed, become debauched and 
 Instructed in the Practice of Thievery and Debauchery for 
 Remedy whereof, it is unanimously Agreed by this Court 
 and Resolved that there be forthwith built, Erected and 
 Made at the Charge of this Corporation A good, Strong 
 and Convenient House and Tenement, upon part of the 
 unimproved Lands of this Corporation," (near the site of 
 the present City Hall, "And that ***** 
 be a Committee to lay out a Convenient piece of Land 
 there, for that use, large Enough to Erect Additional 
 Buildings thereupon, for Workhouse and Other Conven- 
 iencys, if Occasion Require, and for Needful Yardroom 
 and Garden ; and Cause the Surveyors of this City to make 
 a Draft therof. That the House and Tenement to be 
 built thereupon be of the Demensions following (Vizt.) 
 fifty Six foot long, twenty four foot wide from Outside 
 to Outside, two Stories high, with A good Cellar, all of 
 Stone and the Same to be divided into Such and so many 
 Rooms as the Said Committee shall direct. And that the 
 
pellcfaue Chronicles 
 
 said Committee in the Name and for the use of this Cor- 
 poration, do Agree and contract for Timber, Stone and 
 Other Materialls, and Workmen and Labourers for the 
 Speedy Carrying on of the Said Building assoon as the 
 season of the year will permitt which said Building shall be 
 Called the Publick Workhouse and House of Correction of 
 the Said City, and Imployed and Appropriated for that 
 use; and that the same Committee do make their Report 
 of this Court of their proceedings therein with all Con- 
 venient Expedition." 
 
 1736 March 31. The building being now ready for occupancy 
 the committee in charge recommended "That for the fur- 
 ther rendring the said House of Correction Workhouse 
 and poorhouse serviceable and usefull for the purposes 
 thereby Intended, We have Consulted with several persons 
 of Knowledge and Judgment touching this Affair, have 
 maturely considered the Matter and Informed ourselves 
 (as much as in Us lyes) of what other things may be 
 needfull and necessary to be done herein and do further 
 Report as our Opinion, that the Keeper be called the Keep- 
 er of the House of Correction and Master of the Work- 
 house and poorhouse." ******* 
 Moreover We report it as our opinion, that the upper 
 Room at the West End of the said House be suitably 
 furnished for an Infirmary and for no other Use whatso- 
 ever :" 
 
 (In this room and at this time Belle vue Hospital had its 
 beginning. Doctor John Van Beuren, a graduate of the 
 University of Leyden, had charge of the sick in the in- 
 firmary at an annual salary of £100. He served till 1755.) 
 
 1739 May 15. A Committee was ordered "to make an additional 
 Building at the Poorhouse of this City for A Receptacle 
 and Conveniency of Such unhappy Poor as are or shall 
 be Visited with any Malignant or Obnoxious disease, in 
 such manner as they shall see most Needfull and Conven- 
 ient for the purposes Aforesaid." 
 
 1753 A gay poorhouse — October: arrival of "His Excellency Sr 
 Danvers Osborn Baronet Capt General and Governour in 
 Chief of the Province of New York and the Territories 
 thereon Depending in America and Vice Admiral of the 
 same." 
 
 A committee was ordered to "Invite the Councill, Such 
 members of the Assembly as shall be in Town, the Capt. 
 
Pelletoue Chronicles! 
 
 of the Mann of Warr with Such Gentlemen as Came over 
 with him," etc., etc., "to Dine with his Excellency Sir 
 Danvers Osborn Baronet to-morrow (October 10 at the 
 house of George Burns near the Long Bridge in this City, 
 and that the said Committee Do forthwith Give orders for 
 preparing the said Dinner Agreable to the Occasion, also 
 Ordered that the said Committee Cause a Bonfire to be 
 made in the Commons Near the Work house and Procure 
 three Dozen of Wine to be sent to the said fire, that the 
 City Hall, the Alms house and the fferry house be Illu- 
 minated, that half a Barrell of Cannon powder be provided 
 by the said Committee to Discharge Some Cannon that 
 Lay in the Commons, near the Bonfire, and that the Ex- 
 pence of all which be paid by this Corporation." 
 
 1755 Doctor Van Beuren was succeeded by his youngest son 
 Beekman Van Beuren. 
 
 1766 A new building was added as an enlargement of the poor- 
 house. 
 
 1776 The inmates were transferred to Poughkeepsie where they 
 remained until after the peace of 1783. After the great 
 fire of September 21st about 300 destitute were received 
 into the almshouse. 
 
 1783 Several outbuildings were added to accomodate the poor 
 together with those returned from up the river. 
 
 1785 A census taken on November 14, showed a total of 301 
 inmates. 
 
 1794 The Belle Vue place of about 5 acres on the East River 
 "opposite the three mile stone" belonging to Mr. Brock- 
 hoist Livingston was purchased for use as a quarantine 
 hospital for yellow fever cases. 
 
 The Legislature granted authority to the Common Council 
 to raise £10,000 by means of a public lottery in order to 
 procure funds to build a new almshouse. 
 
 1795 Belle Vue place used as a pest house in charge of Dr. 
 John McFarlane acting under the authority of the Com- 
 missioner of Health. 
 
 1796 A new Workhouse and Almshouse opened on the north 
 side of Chamber Street with 622 inmates. It was three 
 stories high 260 x 44 feet with projections 15 x 30 feet. 
 
Pellebue Chronicles 
 
 1797 Old poorhouse demolished. (The present City Hall was 
 built on its site in 1811.) 
 
 1798 Belle Vue again used as a fever hospital under Dr. Isaac 
 S. Douglass who, after his experience here, declared it 
 as his opinion that yellow fever is a non-contagious dis- 
 ease. In six months 389 patients were cared for ; there 
 were 16 nurses. 
 
 Board of Almshouse Commissioners supersedes the 
 Mayor, Recorder and Committee of the Common Council. 
 
 1801 Dr. William Mcintosh began a service of five years as 
 "physician, surgeon, accoucheur and apothecary." 
 
 1804 Lectures on the obstetric art were given in the lying-in 
 ward of the Almshouse to women exclusively. 
 
 1809 Census of the infirmary: 166 patients and 22 nurses. 
 
 1810 Two residents physicians in charge. 
 
 1811 Negotiations looking toward a site for a new and still 
 larger Workhouse and Almshouse culminated in the pur- 
 chase of part of the Kip's Bay Farm consisting of a little 
 over 6 acres adjoining on the north the Belle Vue Hospital 
 place, for $22,494.50. 
 
 Corner stone laid by Mayor De Witt Clinton on July 
 29. It lies on the south-east corner of the chapel. The 
 architect was Alderman William Hoghland. 
 
 1814 An additional purchase was made on the north boundary 
 of the new plot for $3,000. 
 
 1816 New buildings completed and opened on April 29, at 
 noon ; the chaplain, the Rev. John Stanford, officiating. 
 
 The hospital was housed in two brick buildings, 75 by 
 25 feet ; one was used for male and one for female patients. 
 These buildings were situated, one on the south side of 
 28th Street and the other on the north side of 26th Street 
 just west of First Avenue, with the Workhouse and the 
 penitentiary buildings between them ; the main building 
 just east of the Avenue being the Almshouse proper. The 
 old building in Chambers Street was rented to Scudder's 
 Museum. 
 
io JieUebue Chronicles* 
 
 1817 Census showed over 200 patients in hospital. Staff re- 
 organized : two visiting physicians and surgeons and two 
 internes appointed. 
 
 1818 Additional purchase made of part of the Rose Hill Farm for 
 $1000 so that the plot extended from Second Avenue to 
 the river and from 28th Street to 26th Street. It was sur- 
 rounded by a stone wall 10 feet high. Total cost complete, 
 $422,109.56. 
 
 First epidemic of typhus fever in the Bellevue Establish- 
 ment. 
 
 1819 New fever hospital at Hallett's Point placed in charge of 
 the Belle Vue physicians who also assert their belief in 
 the non-contagiousness of yellow fever. 
 
 1823 Purchase of still another part of the Rose Hill Farm at foot 
 of 23rd Street for $2,500 upon which to build a fever hospi- 
 tal. 
 
 1825 Doctor Belden of the house staff died in the hospital of 
 typhus fever which prevailed in epidemic form. There 
 were 14 cases among the officials with 5 or 6 deaths. Open- 
 ing of the new building. It was situated on an elevation 
 on the river front ; was of stone, four stories high, 180 x 
 50 feet. The insane were placed in the two lower floors 
 and the infectious fever cases in the fourth floor. 
 
 The infirmary was removed from the two brick pavilions 
 to the south end of the Workhouse building, and the 
 pavilions were given over to children and nurses. 
 
 A committee of medical men, appointed by the Common 
 Council, advised that the hospital be separated from the 
 rest of the establishment. 
 
 Staff was reorganized. Resident physician appointed in 
 place of the Visiting, he was assisted by two internes. 
 
 1827 Hospital census, 233 patients. Typhus fever rife. 
 
 1828 Blackwell's Island was purchased for $32,000 and a new 
 penitentiary begun. 
 
 1832 Asiatic cholera first appeared. There were 2,000 cases 
 with 600 deaths in Bellevue. 
 
 1834 Asiatic cholera again rampant. 
 
 1836 The male prisoners were transferred to the new peniten- 
 tiary on Blackwell's Island. 
 
PeUetme Cfcronieles; n 
 
 1837 An amphitheatre for clinical lectures was suggested. 
 Hospital census, 265 patients. 
 
 1838 The female prisoners were removed to the Tombs prison 
 which had just been completed. 
 
 1839 
 
 The insane were transferred to the new asylum on Black- 
 well's Island, leaving only the almshouse still at Bellevue. 
 
 1843 The resident physician's salary was $1500; the nurse re- 
 ceiving $100, the chaplain, $600. 
 
 In the nine months ending in April there were 1584 
 discharges and 364 deaths, 342 patients remaining; there 
 were 109 maternity cases and 11 cases of puerperal fever. 
 
 1845 Sale by auction of about 12 acres of the grounds and 
 Bellevue was thereby restricted to the ground between 26th 
 and 28th Streets east of First Avenue. 
 
 1846 Typhus fever became epidemic and caused another death 
 on the staff — Lawrence. 
 
 Census of 500 patients. 
 
 Six assistant physicians served each for one year on a 
 rotation of services of two months — viz., 1st, Phthisis and 
 Chronic cases ; 2d, Ulcers ; 3d, Lying-in ; 4th, Penitentiary 
 and Small Pox (on the Island) ; 5th, Acute Diseases ; 
 6th, Surgical Cases. 
 
 1847 Typhus fever again prevailed causing two deaths on the 
 staff: Porter and Van Buren. The Resident estimated 
 that there had been 1995 fever cases in 7 months with 347 
 deaths. Several doctors volunteered to live in the hospital 
 and did so. 
 
 Hospital census, 309 patients. 
 
 1848 Six deaths on the staff from typhus : Beals, Blakeman, 
 Cahoon, Hedges, Green, Seligman. 
 
 Almshouse building at last vacated and the inmates re- 
 moved to the island. The hospital was then transferred 
 to the main building. 
 
 1849 Death of Worth of the house staff from typhus fever. 
 
 Board of ten Governors of the Almshouse Department, 
 chosen at general election, supersedes the Commissioner. 
 
i2 pellebue Cfjromcleg 
 
 Medical Board of Consulting and Visiting Physicians 
 and Surgeons appointed. 
 
 The first amphitheatre arranged and on Friday, March 2, 
 at 1 p. m. it was opened with an address by the Resident 
 Physician ; a clinical lecture was given by Doctor William 
 H. Van Buren and the operation of lithotomy performed. 
 
 The office of Resident Physician was abolished. 
 
 First competitive examination for appointments on the 
 House Staff took place in December : three medical and 
 two surgical divisions were established. 
 
 Total number of cases treated, 3711; total deaths, 483. 
 
 1851 Deaths of Gridley and Ravenhill of the house staff from 
 typhus fever. 
 
 Typhus fever, cholera, puerperal fever and erysipelas 
 were prevalent from 1851 to 1854. 
 
 1852 A regular diploma was first issued to members of the house 
 staff in October of this year; from April 1850 till this date 
 a certificate of service was given. 
 
 Total deaths from typhus fever, 122 — over 19% of the 
 
 total mortality. 
 
 1855 Hospital greatly over crowded, patients placed in the 
 garrets, in the basement and even in a room over the cook 
 house. 
 
 The north wing along 28th Street built to height of four 
 stories at a cost of $60,000. It was opened April 23. 
 
 Deaths from puerperal fever averaged 10 a year for the 
 past six years — the deliveries averaged 210. 
 
 The almshouse building in Chambers Street was destroy- 
 ed by fire. 
 
 1856 A fourth story was added to the main building and a new 
 amphitheatre built to accomodate 600. 
 
 The Fourth Medical Division was organized. 
 A certificate of attendance was issued to students by 
 the Medical Board. 
 
 1857 Completion of a new Pathological building and the Wood's 
 Pathological Museum. 
 
 A course of clinical lectures inaugurated. 
 
 1859 The Third Surgical Division was established. 
 
JitUebue Cftrontcle* 13 
 
 1860 Board of Commissioners of Public Charities and Correct- 
 ion supersedes the Governors. 
 
 Death of Richards of the house staff from typhlitis. 
 
 1861 Typhus fever epidemic 
 
 The Medical College incorporated and the building erected 
 in the hospital inclosure. 
 
 1863 Deaths of three of the house staff from typhus fever : Cook, 
 King and Olmsted. 
 
 Certificate to students discontinued. 
 
 Opening of Bureau for the Relief of the Out-Door Poor 
 in ground floor of the college building. 
 
 1864 Three more deaths from typhus fever on the house staff: 
 Rowe, Devlin and Dewey. In the two years there were 
 14 cases out of 21 members with 6 deaths. 
 
 1866 Death of Zabriskie from typhus and of Pell from Asiatic 
 cholera. 
 
 Reorganization of the Island Services ; the Island Hos- 
 pital named the Charity Hospital and placed under a sepa- 
 rate medical board. 
 
 Fourth Medical Division discontinued. 
 
 1869 The first city ambulance service in the world organized at 
 Bellevue in June by Col. E. B. Dalton of the staff of 1859. 
 
 Relapsing fever appeared : six members of staff became 
 sick; all recovered. 
 
 1870 Pavilion opened for compound fracture cases to segregate 
 them from cases of suppuration and erysipelas. 
 
 Puerperal fever severe with 33 deaths from this disease. 
 In this year there were 598 births. 
 
 1871 New amphitheatre built. 
 
 1872 Committee of Medical Board formed to consider the pre- 
 valence of erysipelas and pyaemia in the hospital. 
 
 1873 Public clamor for the removal of the hospital as being 
 totally unfit to house the sick. 
 
 The number of beds were reduced from 900 to 600, al- 
 lowing 1280 cubic feet of air to each patient 
 
 Establishment of the "New York Training School for 
 Nurses attached to Bellevue Hospital," the first in this 
 country. 
 
i4 PeUebue Chronicles! 
 
 1874 Puerperal fever very severe, there being 31 deaths in 166 
 cases of confinement in six months. 
 
 Obstetrical service removed to the Island. 
 The Fourth Medical Division re-established and the 
 Fourth Surgical Division organized. 
 
 1877 The Emergency Hospital opened for the reception of acute 
 obstetrical cases and attached to the Bellevue service. 
 
 1879 Erection of the Sturges pavilion, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. 
 W. H. Osborn. 
 
 Opening of the Pavilion for the Insane. 
 
 Death of Williams of the house staff from encephalitis. 
 
 December 6, 11 p. m. Fire destroyed a wooden pavilion 
 comprising two wards for women and children and caused 
 a loss of four lives. 
 
 1880 Death of Hunt of the house staff from diphtheria. 
 
 1881 Death of Hammond from septicaemia. 
 
 1882 Services of the hospital were allotted severally to the 
 faculties of each of the three medical schools of the city 
 and one, the Fourth, was restricted to noncollegiate 
 appointments. 
 
 Death of Young of the house staff from septicaemia. 
 Resident physician appointed to the Pavilion for the 
 Insane. 
 
 1883 Erection of the Marquand Pavilion, the gift of F. & H. 
 Marquand, on the site of the pavilion which was burned 
 in 1879. 
 
 1884 Death of Hubbard from typhoid fever. 
 
 1885 Opening of Gouverneur Hospital. 
 
 1886 The Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital organized. 
 
 1887 Erection of the Townsend pavilion, the gift of Mrs. R. H. 
 L. Townsend. 
 
 Opening of the building for the General Drug Depart- 
 ment to supply most of the municipal hospitals and prisons. 
 Harlem hospital opened. 
 
 1888 The Mills' Training School for Male Nurses established, 
 the money for which was presented by Mr. D. O. Mills. 
 
iflieUebue Cfjromeletf 15 
 
 1890 A new amphitheatre built, together with the Crane opera- 
 ting room; the latter in memory of Doctor John J. Crane, 
 a gift from his daughter, Mrs. Mills. 
 
 The first reunion and banquet of Bellevue men was held 
 in April; 166 former members of house staff attended. 
 
 The Dehon Annex built by Miss M. H. Dehon. 
 
 1892 A suite of four rooms, a gift from Miss Lazarus to the 
 Alumnae Society of the Training School, was built over 
 the Marquand pavilion to be used as an infirmary. 
 
 Opening of a pavilion for alcoholic patients. 
 
 Fordham Hospital established. 
 
 1896 Installation of a house system of telephones. 
 
 1901 Death of Hess from scarlet fever. 
 
 1902 Department of Bellevue and Allied Hospitals established 
 and placed under the direction of a Board of Trustees ap- 
 pointed by the Mayor. 
 
 Board urges the necessity for an entirely new Bellevue 
 Hospital. 
 
 Death of Ryan from acute tuberculosis. 
 The Mills' School placed in the jurisdiction of the Train- 
 ing School for Women Nurses. 
 
 1903 Board of Estimate and Apportionment appropriates 
 $75,000 for plans and specifications for a new Bellevue. 
 
 Adoption of a new system of taking and caring for clinical 
 records ; record department opened in the remodeled 
 college building and placed under the supervision of a 
 Committee on Clinical Records. 
 
 1904 A Director of Pathological Laboratories appointed having 
 supervision of all laboratories of the Department. 
 
 Office of Dietitian established. 
 
 1905 General Medical Superintendent installed. 
 
 1906 Purchase of ground for a new Nurses' Residence between 
 25th and 26th Streets at a cost of $244,000. City appro- 
 priates $628,000 for the building. 
 
 The Bureau for Social Service and Convalescent Relief 
 Work organized with offices in the Dormitory (College) 
 building. 
 
1 6 pelletoue Chronicles 
 
 1907 Title acquired to the block north of the hospital at a cost 
 of $1,664,658.54. This acquisition with the bulk-head line 
 extended 200 feet, will increase by 75% the present site. 
 
 Opening of new Harlem and Fordham Hospitals. The 
 nursing staff of both of these hospitals is placed under 
 jurisdiction of Bellevue Training School. 
 
 The House-keeping Department, Distribution of Medical 
 and Surgical Supplies, Relief Work and District Nursing 
 placed in care of the Training School for Nurses. 
 
 The Society of Alumni established two annual prizes of 
 $100 each which may be awarded to members of the house 
 staff for papers based on observations and studies made in 
 the hospital and presented within one year of the termina- 
 tion of their interneships. 
 
 1908 Opening of Pavilions A and B of the new hospital plan 
 with 430 beds for medical and obstetrical cases. 
 
 Emergency Hospital closed and the obstetrical service 
 placed in the new pavilions. 
 
 Tuberculosis Day-Camp opened on old ferryboat "South- 
 field" which was remodeled and moored at the bulkhead. 
 
 A Clinic for Diseases of the Mind and a Dental Clinic 
 established. 
 
 1909 Opening of the new Nurses' Residence. 
 
 Regular fire drills instituted. 
 
 1910 Resident physicians appointed in charge of the alcoholic 
 and children's services respectively, the internes serving as 
 assistants. 
 
 Bellevue Hospital Annual Census, 38,972; including 3,399 
 insane. 
 
 1911 Substitution of women nurses for men nurses in all 
 wards. Mills' School to be used for the education of 
 trained orderlies. 
 
 School for education of midwives opened in the old 
 Emergency Hospital building. 
 
 The new Pathological Pavilion completed and opened. 
 
 Completion of new Laundry and Boiler House and Coal 
 Pockets. 
 
 Work begun on the surgical section of the new hospital, 
 Pavilions L. and M. 
 
 1912 Construction work begun on new Pavilions, I and K. 
 
 Completion and equipment of the new Laundry and a 
 manager appointed at a salary of $1,200 per annum. 
 
JieUebue Chronicles 
 
 *7 
 
 Opening of a Library in the Pathological Building avail- 
 able to physicians in good standing and to medical students. 
 
 Appointment of two Resident Assistant Pathologists with- 
 out salary. 
 
 Capacity of Hospital: 1,290 beds; men, 644; women, 466; 
 children, 160. 
 
 Members Visiting Staff, 98 ; Housestaff, 67 ; Nurses 
 
 (average) 299; Officers and Employees (average) 619. 
 
 Census Total Male Female 
 
 Patients in Hospital, Jan. 1 1,080 738 342 
 
 Patients admitted, Medical 29,178 17,430 11,748 
 
 Patients admitted, Surgical 10,426 8,428 1,998 
 
 Births 692 343 349 
 
 Total 41,376 26,939 14,437 
 
 Discharged 37.099 24,223 12,876 
 
 Died 3,165 2,018 1,147 
 
 Remaining, Dec. 31 1,112 698 414 
 
 Total 41,376 26,939 14,437 
 
 Total number operations, Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological and Obstetrical 4,560 
 
 Total days' treatment 459,441 288,228 171,213 
 
 Average, per patient 11.10 10.69 11.85 
 
 Average treated daily 1,255 787 468 
 
 Largest day (Apr. 19) 1,291 796 495 
 
 Smallest day (Oct. 4) 992 620 372 
 
 Total expenses $834,786,86 
 
 Cost per patient per day 1.81 
 
 X-Ray Examinations Total Med. Sur. 
 
 Patients Examined 4,409 1,000 3,409 
 
 Plates Made 7,137 1,525 5,612 
 
 R. J. C. 
 
1 8 $resitbent'£ Snaugural gtobre&S 
 
 INAUGURAL ADDRESS 
 
 by 
 Henry Mann Silver, M.D. 
 January 8th, 1913 
 Gentlemen and Fellow Members: 
 
 Allow me to thank you for the great honor you have 
 conferred upon me by electing me to be your presiding 
 officer for the coming year. While I appreciate the 
 honor, coming as it does from a Society composed of 
 such eminently competent men, I am deeply mindful of 
 the great responsibility that goes with it. My predeces- 
 sor, Dr. Houghton, passes the Society into my keeping 
 at the height of its successful career. Never has the list 
 of members in all classes been so full, never has the 
 standard of the scientific programs been so high, and 
 never have the social sessions been more enjoyable. I 
 accept the responsibility as it will be a stimulus to work, 
 for work with such distinguished associates on the Com- 
 mittee of Science as aids, will be a pleasure. 
 
 It will be my aim to keep the Society on the same high 
 plane, to make the meetings more interesting by present- 
 ing, in addition to the formal papers, interesting clinical 
 cases, the newest methods of diagnosis, with instruments 
 illustrating the same, the newest forms of treatment, and 
 the newest methods of surgical procedure. In order to 
 do this, I ask your assistance and, as the Society has 
 among its members, men who have hospital, college and 
 dispensary appointments who are advanced workers in 
 all branches of the profession, this program can easily 
 be carried out. 
 
 I am also deeply interested in having more carefully 
 prepared discussions of the papers, inviting members, 
 and others to take part in the discussion, a sufficiently 
 
flregttrent's inaugural Wiixtte 19 
 
 long time before the reading of the paper to allow for 
 careful preparation, and have the reader of the paper 
 send a synopsis of the paper to those who are to discuss 
 it. 
 
 The formal discussion to be followed with a general 
 discussion. 
 
 On looking over the minutes of the meetings of the 
 past year, I noticed that Dr. Houghton proposed holding 
 the October meeting at the hospital with presentation of 
 interesting cases by the attending staff. 
 
 I have chosen as the subject of my brief address this 
 evening, the Third Annual Session of the Clinical Con- 
 gress of Surgeons of North America, in order to call 
 your attention to the important part our Alma Mater, 
 and the members of this Society, took in making the 
 Congress a success, and to speak of some of the more 
 important subjects acted upon at the business meeting 
 of the Congress, which, if finally adopted and carried 
 into execution, mean efficiency in surgical procedure, 
 greater confidence of the public in the Surgical profession 
 and, by a campaign of education, the saving of thousands 
 of lives each year. 
 
 As this Society is not composed exclusively of surgeons, 
 a few words of a historical nature may be of interest at 
 this point. It is said the original germ of holding a 
 general clinic for surgeons began to grow in the fertile 
 brain of Dr. A. J. Ochsner. Soon after his appointment 
 in 1895 as Surgeon in Chief to the Augustana Hospital 
 in Chicago, it occurred to him that a general clinic by 
 Chicago Surgeons to which all the profession of the 
 Middle West were invited, would be a splendid thing. 
 The Clinic was carried out through his suggestion. It 
 seemed to work nicely, but apparently was dropped for 
 the time being. 
 
2o $regt&ent'g inaugural gfotireste 
 
 Some five or six years ago, a number of the leading 
 surgeons of America organized what they called "The 
 Clinical Surgical Society," for the purpose of visiting, 
 at stated intervals, the clinics of each other, for the 
 purpose of observing, criticising and learning and, finally, 
 for the purpose of co-operating in cultivating enthusiasm 
 and investigation. It is the spirit of clinical investigation 
 carried to the practical point of show me. 
 
 In the September, 1910, number of "Surgery, Gyneco- 
 logy and Obstetrics," Dr. Franklin T. Martin calls at- 
 tention to the great success of "The Clinical Surgical 
 Society," and, desiring to still further amplify the clinical 
 idea, Dr. Martin and the Editors of the Journal just 
 mentioned, decided to invite to a clinical meeting, not a 
 limited number to see the work of a few surgeons but, as 
 far as practicable, every man in the United States and 
 Canada, who was particularly interested in Surgery, to 
 observe the principal clinics in Chicago. Twelve thou- 
 sand invitations were sent out and thirteen hundred at- 
 tended the meetings, nine hundred and thirty actually 
 registering. The clinical idea appealed to the meeting. 
 They felt that, by seeing the work done, it became a part 
 of them. The first meeting, as an experiment, proved to 
 be a great success and the thousand men in attendance on 
 the initial call incorporated it into a great organization 
 offering possibilities of unusual moment for the future 
 of scientific surgery, and elected Dr. Ochsner president. 
 
 The second meeting held in Philadelphia, November 
 7-16, 1911, also was a great success, being attended by 
 fifteen hundred surgeons. Eight hundred and seventy 
 of this number actually registered and paid the registra- 
 tion fee. 
 
 The third annual session held in this city, November 
 11-17, 1912, with an actual registration of twenty-six 
 
iPreSt&ent's 3naugural gfobrestf 21 
 
 hundred surgeons, made a record of attendance on any 
 single organization of surgical specialists ever before 
 gathered in one body. 
 
 The clinical facilities offered by New York and 
 Brooklyn were of enormous proportions. They included 
 every prominent surgeon, every prominent hospital, all 
 the medical schools and all surgical laboratories. It is 
 estimated that from six to eight hundred surgical opera- 
 tions a day were performed at the various clinics during 
 each day of the Congress. The night meetings held at the 
 Waldorf-Astoria were an inspiration, great crowds 
 listening night after night to the masters of surgery 
 describing operations which have made the progress of 
 American surgery during the past decade a marvel of 
 the age. 
 
 It gives me great pleasure to state that our Alma 
 Mater, Bellevue Hospital, played a very important part 
 during the week of the Clinical Congress. 
 
 During the week of the Congress the work had been 
 so carefully planned by the Surgical Visiting Staff that 
 Bellevue was able to present larger opportunities for 
 observing work than most other hospitals. Four clinics, 
 beside many demonstrations in the wards, were held 
 each day. The attendance was large and most of the 
 important operations in the special branches were per- 
 formed. Much attention was paid to operations for 
 bone transplantation, bone plating and the various forms 
 of hernia, etc. Perhaps the largest clinic was given by 
 Dr. Albee, over four hundred surgeons being present, 
 some without doubt being attracted by the notice posted 
 on the bulletin board at the Waldorf-Astoria. Trans- 
 plantation of cold storage astragalus for absent head of 
 femur. Bone transplantation for Potts disease. An 
 astragalus removed at the Post Graduate Hospital the 
 
22 JfreStbent's; 3naugural ^[bbresisf 
 
 day before and placed in cold storage furnished the 
 material for the head of the femur and a portion of the 
 tibia, removed in the operation for transplantation for 
 Potts disease, furnished the material for the peg to keep 
 the new head of the femur in place. The visitors were 
 enthusiastic and loud in their praise of the good work 
 done at Bellevue Hospital. One of the most important 
 branches of the work done at Bellevue during the week 
 was the X-Ray department. Dr. Hirsch tells me that 
 his department arranged for the Clinical Congress, an 
 exhibition of radiographs, illustrating various medical 
 and surgical conditions and, in addition gave demonstra- 
 tions of the technique employed in the department. 
 
 The X-Ray Department of Bellevue Hospital has, per- 
 haps, the largest service of any single department in the 
 world. There are some radiographic services abroad 
 which are larger but they are divided in two, a separate 
 service and working staff for the surgical, and another 
 for the medical service. As a single department, we 
 examine more cases than any other hospital fn this 
 country or abroad. There are now on file, arranged and 
 classified, about thirty thousand plates, illustrating every 
 condition — medical or surgical — to which X-Rays have 
 been applied as a diagnostic aid. Our average number 
 of radiographs, made monthly, has reached eight hun- 
 dred. 
 
 During the Clinical Congress, about one hundred and 
 twenty-five men visited the department and were shown 
 the technique of the examinations and routine employed. 
 To many of the men, the rapidity with which the results 
 were obtained was surprising, as was also the wealth of 
 material at our disposal. Demonstration of the fluoro- 
 scopic work interested them considerably. They had no 
 idea that so much valuable information could be obtained 
 by the use of the screen. 
 
iPresibent'tf inaugural gtofcress 
 
 The new pathological building was open, and, although 
 no effort was made to give demonstrations visitors in 
 pathology, Dr. Norris conducted several groups of 
 visitors about the building. 
 
 Thirty-three active and permanent associate members 
 of our Society took an active part during the week of the 
 Clinical Congress, about seventy clinics or demonstra- 
 tions being given by them. 
 
 At Bellevue Hospital: Drs. Bryant, Woolsey, Hotch- 
 kiss, Walker, Bissell and Cramp had many very interest- 
 ing surgical operations. Drs. Barrows, Wylie and Studdi- 
 ford had a wide range of gynecological operations, in- 
 cluding several laparotomies. Dr. Sayre gave two 
 interesting orthopedic clinics, and Drs. Chetwood and 
 McCarthy, one genito-urinary clinic each. 
 
 At the Post-Graduate Hospital: Our Society was 
 represented by Drs. Morris, Erdmann and Dunham in 
 surgery — Dr. Erdmann performing one of the two Wert- 
 heim operations for cancer of the uterus performed by 
 New York surgeons during the clinic week. Dr. Morris 
 performed many operations of interest at the three 
 clinics he gave. Dr. McCarthy gave two genito-urinary 
 clinics, demonstrating the most recent methods of teach- 
 ing that subject. 
 
 At St. Vincent's Hospital: Dr. Stewart, at two clinics, 
 operated on several cases of more than ordinary interest. 
 Dr. Lusk introduced twenty-four feet of gold wire into 
 an aneurismal sac before a distinguished audience. 
 
 At the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital: Dr. Carter 
 gave a clinic showing the transplantation of bone for 
 forming a bridge for a new nose. Great interest was shown 
 by the visiting doctors in the operation. Dr. Hubbard 
 also gave a clinic. 
 
 At the Manhattan Maternity : Dr. Edgar arranged for 
 
24 :Pre$foent'£ inaugural &bbre£# 
 
 demonstrations of method and technique in obstetric 
 practice. 
 
 At the Woman's Hospital: Drs. Flint, Jr. and Hawkes 
 gave two clinics each, operating on several interesting 
 cases. 
 
 At the New York Bye and Bar Infirmary : Dr. Bacon 
 held one clinic. 
 
 At the Lebanon Hospital: Dr. Syms was fortunate in 
 collecting and operating on several cases illustrating 
 surgical conditions of the kidney; he also did a prosta- 
 tectomy by the perineal method. 
 
 At the Harlem Hospital: Dr. Haynes held three 
 clinics, performing several important operations, includ- 
 ing the use of Lane's plates for fracture. 
 
 At the Hospital for Ruptured and Cripples: Dr. 
 Townsend held three clinics, although he was handicapped 
 by lack of material on account of the hospital moving to 
 its new building about that time. 
 
 At Gouvemeur Hospital: Dr. Sellenings demon- 
 strated his method of operating on inguinal hernia on 
 three cases. 
 
 At the Bellevue and University College: Dr. Chisholm 
 gave two demonstrations of surgical subjects. 
 
 At the Pilcher Private Hospital: Dr. Pilcher operated 
 before a few invited guests. 
 
 At the Beth Israel Hospital: Dr. Silver gave two 
 demonstrations of the intratracheal insufflation anaes- 
 thesia, and operated upon several interesting abdominal 
 cases. 
 
 An Editorial in one of the Medical Journals published 
 in this city states that: "The Clinical Congress has had 
 a great influence on the Surgeons of New York. An 
 immense amount of surgical work was done, and it was 
 the consensus of opinion that it was extremely well done. 
 
igregt&ent'S 3naugural gtofcre** 25 
 
 The Congress has served the great purpose of demon- 
 strating to New York what New York can do in the 
 matter of surgical teaching. This great city has at last 
 awakened to its vast possibilities. She has the men, she 
 has the facilities, and she has the material. Co-operation 
 and intelligent effort, properly directed, must in a short 
 time reveal New York in its true picture, a picture made 
 possible by this Congress, as one of the great medical 
 and surgical centers in the world. It has also stimulated 
 the work of the new Society, viz: the Society for the 
 Advancement of Clinical Study, which has recently been 
 organized for the purpose of having a central office where 
 visitors to, or residents of New York, can go and obtain 
 information concerning all the clinical work going on in 
 the Greater City of New York." 
 
 It had a great influence on the public, as shown by the 
 following editorial taken from one of the daily papers : 
 
 "Last week's Congress of Surgeons was the third 
 gathering of the kind that has been held, but the number 
 attending it was so much larger than at either of the 
 others, and it attracted so much more general attention, 
 that it will probably take its place in the history of 
 American Medicine as the real beginning of an educa- 
 tional movement of the very highest importance, both 
 to the surgeons and to the public. That the Congress 
 was a brilliant success, most admirably managed, and 
 with the notable novelty of cordial recognition of the 
 legitimacy of lay interest in the proceedings, is enthusi- 
 astically proclaimed by those of best qualified judgment, 
 and professional opinion is unanimous that the excellent 
 results achieved will be felt all over the country. The 
 visiting surgeons from the smaller centers have been 
 refreshed and stimulated by contact with the leaders and 
 by observation of what they do and how they do it." 
 
26 ^regibent'S Snaugural gfo&regs; 
 
 The clinics as held were not an exhibition arranged 
 for a special occasion, but just about what is going on in 
 New York's many hospitals every day in the year. There 
 has been no failure on the part of the Press to appreciate 
 the importance of the Congress and for once, at least, 
 there is no excuse for repeating the stupid charge that 
 papers care for nothing except crime and disasters. 
 
 What did the visiting members think of the success 
 of the Congress? In preparing this address, I sent a 
 circular letter to over one hundred registered members of 
 the Congress, asking them for their impression of the 
 Congress. Many replies were received. One stated that 
 the influence of the Congress will be of lasting benefit, 
 not only to those who were in attendance, but indirectly 
 to those who remained at home. The surgeon returns 
 to his home and imparts to his colleagues the many ex- 
 cellent ideas and views that were exchanged. The 
 Congress was a most happy inspiration. The throngs 
 that visited the numerous hospitals demonstrated to my 
 mind that teaching by clinical demonstration is vastly 
 more attractive and profitable than is the reading of 
 papers. The crowds about the bulletin early in the 
 morning and late at night bore evidence of the intense 
 interest manifested, and it convinced me that all the 
 visitors were there for one purpose, namely, for 
 instruction and not for amusement. (Temreliges.) 
 Again it acts as a stimulus to the surgeon to do better 
 work, enables him to become familiar with the technique 
 of the masters in surgery, and in this way improve his 
 own work. It informs the public of the wonderful 
 results that are obtained by means of surgery, and by 
 thus influencing them, helps to some extent to do away 
 with the natural fear many people have of the knife. 
 Only last night, nearly two months after the Congress,. 
 
igresibent's inaugural &bbres* 27 
 
 a woman of the middle class made this remark to me : 
 "The Congress of Surgeons in New York a few weeks 
 ago has helped to take away my fear of the hospital." 
 (Brown.) Again, the practical benefit which I have 
 derived from the week's attendance at the clinics sur- 
 passes anything that I have had the pleasure of enjoying 
 in my medical career. And, in my opinion, the splendid 
 success of the meeting was due to the fact that it was 
 not "paper talks" with which we are so often gorged at 
 other medical meetings, but we went to New York to be 
 shown and the New York men certainly delivered the 
 goods. The benefits derived from such a meeting, where 
 the entire surgical field was so thoroughly covered in a 
 practical way, cannot fail to be of value to every member 
 who was in attendance. The coming together of men 
 from all quarters of our country, and the exchange of 
 ideas and criticisms offered, makes for the betterment of 
 all in broadening our horizon, making us more tolerant 
 and less provincial and that feature alone means a great 
 advance in our attitude towards the public good. (Dogg.) 
 The first and second sessions of the Surgical Congress 
 simply demonstrated the feasibility of continuing the 
 Congress. The third session was such a success that it 
 was decided to make the Congress take action for great 
 advances in surgery. 
 
 The most important items acted on were : 
 I. The founding of an American College of Surgeons 
 for the purpose of devising a means for the standardiza- 
 tion of surgeons in the United States and Canada. The 
 Secretary, Dr. Franklin H. Martin, stated that the time 
 was ripe for concerted action on the part of the great 
 body of thinking surgeons of this continent to insist that 
 the surgeons of the future shall be not only thoroughly 
 educated in the science of medicine but that he shall 
 
28 -present's; inaugural gfobreg* 
 
 have a thorough training in the technique of surgery, 
 under the direction of a practical surgeon, before he is 
 legally or morally allowed to operate upon the public. 
 This will protect unsuspecting patients, who have no way 
 of discriminating between trained surgeons and the tyro. 
 It will protect the would-be surgeon against his own 
 inexperience and it will protect and put a premium where 
 it belongs — on the conscientiously trained surgeon. 
 
 A Committee was appointed to consider the advisabil- 
 ity of taking up this subject and to report at the next 
 meeting. 
 
 The need of such action is greatly felt by surgeons, 
 especially in the South and Middle West, as is shown by 
 the following letters. I believe the Congress will have a 
 powerful influence in standardizing surgery as a special 
 branch of the science of healing. I believe all noticed 
 a tendency toward putting the surgeon so far apart 
 from the general profession that special training should 
 "be required before any physician will be permitted to do 
 surgery. There are too many men who have inferior 
 training, who are willing to tackle any kind of a job if 
 they can obtain the patient's consent, by quoting the 
 results of the best operators and implying that any 
 operator can get similar results. I hope the day is coming 
 when a surgeon must be a surgeon and not a second rate 
 carpenter. (Cowley.) 
 
 I am doubtful about the Congress being of benefit to 
 the profession. The crowd is too great to permit of 
 seeing satisfactorily. Then I am afraid that the majority 
 of those in attendance were not surgeons, but general 
 practitioners, and that seeing so much surgery may lead 
 many of them to attempt work for which they are not 
 prepared. (McCown.) 
 
 II. The most important act of the Congress was the 
 
Jfrefiibcnt's; inaugural ^[tibrEgg 29 
 
 appointment of a Committee of Five to formulate and 
 execute a plan of education among the laity and general 
 practitioners on the subject of cancer. At a great meet- 
 ing held in the Academy of Music, in Brooklyn, attended 
 by over three thousand men, the following resolutions 
 were adopted. 
 
 Be it Resolved: — That the time has arrived when, if 
 the surgeons of America are to do their duty to the citi- 
 zens of this country, a campaign of publicity should be 
 undertaken to bring to the attention of every woman in 
 this country the early symptoms of cancer of the womb 
 and to point out that, if the cancer be detected in its 
 early stages, it can be cured. 
 
 Be it Further Resolved: — That this Society at once 
 appoint a Committee of Five to be named by the Presi- 
 dent, to disseminate the information and, further, that 
 this Committee be instructed to write, or have written, 
 articles to be published in the daily press, the weekly or 
 monthly magazines, as may prove most expedient. 
 
 This plan calls for the education of the general practi- 
 tioner, as well as the laity. I think all surgeons recognize 
 the necessity of this, as is well shown in a letter received 
 from a Health Officer in the South. 
 
 I see no reason why good should not come from a 
 movement of this kind. The principal difficulty, without 
 doubt, in matters of this sort lies in the ignorance of the 
 average practicing doctor as to the characteristics of 
 malignant tumors, and he almost invariably temporizes 
 until it is too late for the surgeon to be of any benefit. 
 I have myself often seen tumors of a malignant character 
 which were diagnosticated by the patient's family 
 physician as this, that, or the other, and have known 
 even of such patients being treated until they were on 
 their death-bed, with never any recognition at all of the 
 
30 JSresibent's; inaugural gtobresft 
 
 true condition of affairs. I have even seen men, who 
 call themselves doctors, allow epithelioma about the 
 tongue and face to reach inoperable stages before they 
 were willing to admit that the trouble was malignant. 
 Such being the case here, it seems to me that the first 
 thing to do would be to educate the doctors, but this is 
 rather a delicate matter and I am somewhat at a loss to 
 know how to go about it. 
 
 In order to obtain definite information of any effort 
 being made in the United States to carry on a campaign 
 of publicity for the early symptoms of cancer, I sent the 
 following letter to the State Commissioners of Health 
 of every State: 
 
 "December 2, 1912. 
 State Commissioner of Health, 
 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 Will you kindly inform me, at your earliest conveni- 
 ence, if you are carrying on in your State a campaign 
 of publicity for the early symptoms of Cancer, in order 
 that the disease may be detected in its early stages. If 
 you are, will you please tell me how you do it, and send 
 pamphlets and papers covering the subject. 
 
 Very sincerely yours," 
 
 I received prompt answers from all the Commissioners, 
 with two or three exceptions. Only two States (Virginia 
 and Michigan) were taking any active interest in the 
 matter by issuing bulletins for the instruction of the 
 public. The great majority of replies read as follows: 
 
 "This State is not at this time carrying on a campaign 
 of publicity for the early symptoms of cancer." 
 
$re£ttjent'g inaugural Subtest 31 
 
 The bulletin issued by Virginia, in May, 1911, has 
 printed on the cover in bold type : 
 
 "CANCER 
 What Our People Should Know About It. 
 
 This dread malady appears to be increasing and must 
 be combatted. 
 
 We have not found the cause, but we have learned 
 much about the cure. 
 
 This Bulletin gives the substance of our knowledge 
 and the basis of our hopes to reduce the mortality." 
 
 In plain and simple language the whole subject is 
 discussed under the following heads: "What is Cancer?" 
 "Irritation Aids Cancer." "The Prevalence of Cancer." 
 "The Essentials of Cancer Treatment." Conclusion. 
 
 The Bulletin issued by the State Department of Health 
 of Michigan is entitled: "Cancer and How it may be 
 Cured." 
 
 "Read and Pass on to your Neighbor." 
 
 The subject is divided as follows: I. Cancer is 
 curable. 77. Have operations failed to cure? III. 
 What is Cancer? IV. Cancer in Michigan. V. When 
 to suspect a cancer and what to do. VI. Some facts 
 relating to Cancer outside of Michigan. 
 
 I regret that lack of time prevents my bringing out all 
 the points dwelt upon in these bulletins. The same ideas 
 run through both. I. That every malignant growth is 
 at some stage of its existence local and curable. II. 
 That Cancer must be diagnosticated at the earliest pos- 
 sible moment, and the third essential is the prompt and 
 thorough treatment of Cancer as soon as possible. If a 
 cancer is to be cured, it must be by destroying every cell. 
 
 Conclusion : It has been estimated that there are now 
 80,000 cases of cancer in the United States, and that 
 
32 ipretffoent'g inaugural gfofcrestf 
 
 40,000 deaths occur from Cancer every year. If the 
 patient would co-operate with the physician, and the 
 physician would recognize and deal promptly with these 
 growths in the early stages, the mortality from Cancer 
 would be cut down to probably one-fourth of what it is 
 now. This would mean a saving of 30,000 lives a year 
 in the United States alone. They can be saved if the 
 people and the profession, knowing the truth, would 
 adopt it. 
 
 Much more remains to be said on this subject but I 
 have already exceed my time limit and, in closing, I can 
 but repeat what I have already said, that the Congress 
 was a brilliant success, and has taken its place in the 
 history of American Medicine as the real beginning of 
 an educational movement of the very highest importance, 
 both to the surgeons and to the public. 
 
Obttuarp 33 
 
 3n fflemoriam 
 
 JAMES OAKLEY PINGRY 
 
 A.B., University, City of New York, 1862 ; A. M., 1865 ; 
 M.D., Columbia, 1868; House Surgeon Bellevue Hospi- 
 tal, Third Surgical Division, 1870. 
 
 In practice at Elizabeth, N. J., 1870, Mabbettsville, 
 N. Y., 1870-72; at Millbrook, n! Y„ 1872-1910. Mem- 
 ber Dutchess Co. and State Medical Society. 
 
 Died in Millbrook, April 10, 1910, aged 66 years. 
 
 JOHN EDWIN ALLEN 
 
 M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1874; House 
 Physician, Bellevue Hospital, Fourth Medical Division, 
 1876; at Vienna, 1877-78; Assistant Demonstrator of 
 Anatomy, Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1878-84; 
 Attending Physician, New York Dispensary, 1879-81 ; 
 Attending Surgeon, Metropolitan Throat Hospital, 1880- 
 86; Assistant Surgeon, 71st Regiment, N. G. N. Y., 
 1875-86; Inspector Health Department, New York City, 
 1888-94. 
 Died in New York, October 25, 1910, aged 63 years. 
 
 EDWARD STRONG BOGERT 
 
 M.D., University of the City of New York, 1860; House 
 Surgeon, Bellevue Hospital, Third Surgical Division, 
 1861 ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N. at the Naval Hospital, 
 N. Y.; U. S. S. Congress and U. S. S. Cayuga, with 
 Farragut squadron and in Mississippi campaign, 1861-64; 
 Passed Assistant Surgeon on U. S. S. Niagara and at 
 
34 (^bittiarp 
 
 Naval Hospital, New York, 1864-66; Surgeon, 1866-82; 
 Medical Inspector, 1882-89 ; Medical Director, on service 
 in Mediterranean, Europe and China; President, Naval 
 Medical Examining Board and in charge U. S. Naval 
 Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1889-97 ; retired 1897, later, 
 (1898) on recruiting duty. 
 
 Born in Geneva, N. Y., May 7, 1836; died in New 
 York, February 16, 1911, aged 74 years. 
 
 ISAIAH WINDS CONDICT 
 
 M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., 1847; 
 House Physician, Bellevue Hospital, 1850. 
 
 In practice in Succasuna Plains and Dover, N. J., 
 Member, State Society. 
 
 Died in Dover, N. J., July 4, 1911, aged 93 years. 
 
 MASON THOMSON 
 
 A.B., Princeton, 1873; A.M., 1876; M.D., Bellevue Hos- 
 pital Medical College, 1876; House Surgeon, Bellevue 
 Hospital, Third Surgical Division, 1878; Attending 
 Physician, New York Dispensary, Diseases of Heart and 
 Lungs, 1880-85 ; Bellevue Hospital Dispensary, Diseases 
 of Children, 1881-83; Attending Surgeon, Eastern Dis- 
 pensary, 1886-87. 
 
 Died in New York, July 5, 1911, aged 50 years. 
 
 WILLIAM SANDERSON CHEESMAN 
 
 A.B., Princeton, 1875 ; A.M., 1878 ;M.D., Columbia, 1879; 
 House Physician, Bellevue Hospital, Fourth Medical 
 Division, 1880. In practice at Cold Spring, N. Y. till 
 1882 and Auburn, N. Y. since 1882. Surgeon, Auburn 
 City Hospital. 
 
©fattuarp 35 
 
 : — Bi 
 
 Author of "Physical Exercise," Wood's Ref. Hndbk. 
 Med. Sci., "Expectoration," idem ; "Hallucinations and 
 Illusions." idem. Member, Medical Society, State of 
 New York. 
 
 Died in Auburn, N. Y., May 5, 1912, aged 59 years. 
 
 HENRY ELIJAH OWEN 
 
 A.B., Yale, 1864; M.D., College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons, New York, 1867. House Surgeon, Bellevue Hospi- 
 tal, First Surgical Division, 1869. Member, Medical 
 Society, State of New York and American Medical As- 
 sociation. 
 
 Died in New York, October 12, 1912, aged 67 years. 
 
 JOSEPH CODDINGTON YOUNG 
 
 M.D., Columbia, 1873 ; House Physician, Bellevue Hospi- 
 tal, Third Medical Division, 1874. Curator St. Michael's 
 Hospital, Newark, N. J., Visiting Physician, 1879; Visit- 
 ing Surgeon, 1888-1913. 
 Died in Newark, March 26, 1913, aged 62 years. 
 
 FRANK HARTLEY 
 
 A.B., Princeton, 1877 ;M.D., Columbia, 1880. At Anatomi- 
 cal Institute, Leipsic, 1881 ; House Surgeon, Bellevue 
 Hospital, Second Surgical Division, 1882; in Heidelberg, 
 1882 ; General Hospital, Vienna, 1882-83 ; Assistant 
 Visiting Surgeon, Roosevelt Hospital, New York, 1885; 
 Visiting Surgeon, Bellevue Hospital, 1887-92 ; New York 
 Hospital, 1892-1913, also Babies' Hospital ; Consulting 
 Surgeon, French Hospital, Italian Hospital, Nyack 
 Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital, Paterson, N. J. and 
 White Plains Hospital ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, 
 
36 ®bitwt? 
 
 Columbia, 1883-88 ; Instructor in Operative Surgery and 
 Professor, Clinical Surgery, later. 
 
 Died in New York, June 19, 1913, aged 57 years. 
 
 ROBERT LITTLE BRODIE 
 
 A.B., College of Charleston, S. C, 1848; M.D., Medical 
 College of the State of South Carolina, 1851 ; House 
 Physician, Bellevue Hospital, 1852; Assistant Surgeon, 
 U. S. A., 1854-61 ; Medical Director, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; 
 later, President, Medical Society of South Carolina; 
 Fellow American Medical Association. 
 
 Died in Charleston, S. C, October 2, 1913, aged 84 
 years. 
 
 CHARLES McBURNEY 
 
 A.B., Harvard, 1866 ; A.M., 1869 ; M.D., Columbia, 1870 ; 
 House Surgeon, Bellevue Hospital, Second Surgical 
 Division, 1870; In Vienna, Berlin, London, Paris, 1871- 
 73 ; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, Columbia, 1872- 
 74; Demonstrator, 1875-80; Instructor in Operative 
 Surgery, 1880-89; Adjunct Professor of Surgery, 1888 
 89 ; Professor, 1889-92 ; Professor, Clinical Surgery, 
 1894-1907; Emeritus, 1907-13; Visiting Surgeon, Belle- 
 vue Hospital, 1882-88; St. Luke's, 1875-88; Roosevelt, 
 1888-92; Consulting Surgeon, St. Luke's 1888-1908; 
 Presbyterian, 1887-1908; Roosevelt, 1900; New York, 
 1900-08; New York Orthopedic Dispensary and Hospi- 
 tal, 1880-1908; Visiting Surgeon, Colored Home and 
 Hospital, 1887-89; Consulting, 1889-1908; Hospital for 
 Ruptured and Crippled, 1889-1908. 
 
 Honorary Fellow, Royal College of Surgeons, Edin- 
 borough; Member College of Physicians, Philadelphia; 
 
&bituarp 37 
 
 ■ — 
 
 Societie de Chirurgie, Paris; Roman Medical Society; 
 Medical and Surgical Society, Constantinople; American 
 Medical Association ; Medical Society State of New 
 York; New York Academy of Medicine, 1889-1913; 
 Vice-President, 1892-1895. 
 
 Died suddenly in Brookline, Mass., November 7, 1913, 
 aged 68 years. 
 
 CHARLES PHELPS 
 
 A.B., Brown, 1853; A.M., 1855; M.D., College of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons, 1858; House Surgeon, Bellevue 
 Hospital, Second and Third Surgical Divisions, 1859. 
 Demonstrator of Anatomy, Bellevue Hospital Medical 
 College, 1861-63 ; Volunteer Surgeon on U. S. Transport 
 S. S. "Argo" which was designated to meet the "Merimac" 
 before arrival of the "Monitor" 1861 ; Visiting Surgeon, 
 St. Vincent's Hospital, 1870-1910; Bellevue Hospital, 
 1878-1906; Consulting Surgeon, St. Vincent's, 1910-1913; 
 Bellevue Hospital, 1906-1913; Chief Surgeon, Police 
 Department, New York, 1885-1909; President, Society 
 of Alumni Bellevue Hospital, 1890-91 ; Fellow New York 
 Academy of Medicine, 1891-1913 ; President New York 
 State Medical Association; author of "Traumatic 
 Injuries of the Brain" 8vo., pp. 600, Appleton & Co., 1st 
 ed. 1897 ; 2d ed. 1900. Retired from Practice 1909. 
 
 Born in Milford, Mass., December 12, 1834; died in 
 New York City, December 30, 1913, aged 79 years. 
 
38 Beatfj ftoll 
 
 DEATH ROLL 
 
 WILLIS WALTON FRENCH, A.B, M.D. 
 
 Fourth Surgical Division, 1885. 
 
 Died in New York, March 11, 1888, aged 31 years. 
 JAMES DICKIE GALT, M.D. 
 
 Third Medical Division, 1856. 
 
 Died in Norfolk, Va., September 10, 1888, aged 57 years. 
 BENJAMIN JOSEPH HARLAN, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Second Surgical Division, 1875. 
 
 Died in New York, May 25, 1889, aged 41 years. 
 JOSEPH WILLIAM HOWE, M.D. 
 
 Third Surgical Division, 1867. 
 
 Died at Sea, June 7, 1890, aged 47 years. 
 EDMUND RHETT WALKER, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Fourth Medical Division, 1859. 
 
 Died in Baltimore, Md., September 30, 1891, aged 55 years. 
 WASHINGTON FREEMAN PECK, A.M, M.D., 
 
 First Surgical Division, 1863. 
 
 Died in Davenport, Iowa, December 12, 1891, aged 50 years. 
 RUTSON MAURY, B.S., M.D. 
 
 Third Medical Division, 1888. 
 
 Died in New York, May 5, 1892, aged 27 years. 
 ELIJAH CLARK KINNEY, M.D. 
 
 Fourth Medical Division, 1859. 
 
 Died in Norwich, Conn., October 19, 1892, aged 63 years. 
 ROBERT WARREN GREENE, A. B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Third Medical Division, 1889. 
 
 Died in New York, October 29, 1892, aged 32 years. 
 
 JAMES HALSEY HUNT, M.D. 
 First Surgical Division, 1874. 
 Died in Salt Lake City, Utah, December 20, 1892, aged 43 years. 
 
 WILLIAM COOLIDGE STONE, M.D. 
 Third Medical Division, 1882. 
 Died in Lakewood, N. J., February 5, 1893, aged 36 years. 
 
 WILLIAM LEE, M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1864. 
 ' Died in Washington, D.C., March 2, 1893, aged 52 years. 
 
 WILLIAM RICE BALLOU, M.D. 
 Fourth Surgical Division, 1888. 
 Died in Thomasville, Ga., March 8, 1893, aged 28 years. 
 
Beati) &oU 39 
 
 CLARENCE GLISAN, A.B., M.D. 
 Second Surgical Division, 1892. 
 Died in Portland, Oregon, August 20, 1893, aged 25 years. 
 
 REUBEN ALESHIRE VANCE. M.D. 
 Third Surgical Division, 1868. 
 Died in Cleveland, Ohio, March 19, 1894, aged 49 years. 
 
 HENRY GOLDTHWAITE, A.B., M.D. 
 Second Medical Division, 1876. 
 Died in New York, January 4, 1895, aged 53 years. 
 
 MATTHEW DICKINSON FIELD, A.B., M.D. 
 
 First Surgical Division, 1880. 
 
 Died in New York, March 8, 1895, aged 42 years. 
 
 ALEXANDER BARNETT POPE, M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1886. 
 
 Died in New York, June 12, 1895, aged 35 years. 
 RICHARD C. VAN WYCK, M.D. 
 
 Second Surgical Division, 1869. 
 
 Died at Mitchell Station, Va., January 28, 1896, aged 52 years. 
 THOMAS HERRING BURCHARD, A. B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Second Surgical Division, 1873. 
 
 Died in New York, November 14, 1896, aged 48 years. 
 CLARK WRIGHT, Ph.B., M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1888. 
 
 Died in New York, March 16, 1897, aged 37 years. 
 JOHN BLAIR GIBBS, A.B., M.D., U.S.N. 
 
 First Surgical Division, 1883. 
 
 Killed at Guantanamo, Cuba, June 12, 1898, aged 40 years. 
 
 RICHARD CHANNING MOORE PAGE, M.D. 
 
 Third Medical Division, 1869. 
 
 Died in New York, June 19, 1898, aged 57 years. 
 ALBERT HENRY LEYTON, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Second Surgical Division, 1888. 
 
 Died in New York, January 2, 1899, aged 36 years. 
 
 JULIUS AUGUSTUS ROTH, A.B., M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1883. 
 
 Died in New York, January 15, 1899, aged 40 years. 
 JOHN RICHARD CONWAY, M.D. 
 
 Fourth Surgical Division, 1884. 
 
 Died in New York, April 22, 1899, aged 36 years. 
 
 JOHN ALEXANDER McCREERY, A.B., A.M., M.D., M.R.C.S. 
 First Medical Division, 1872. 
 Died in New York, November 10, 1899, aged 50 years. 
 
4o Beat!) &oH 
 
 JESSE WILLIAM LAZEAR, A.B., M.D., U.S.A. 
 First Medical Division, 1893. 
 Died in Quemados, Cuba, September 28, 1900, aged 34 years. 
 
 LEROY JUSTUS BROOKS, M.D. 
 First Surgical Division, 1874. 
 Died in Norwich, N. Y., December 11, 1900, aged 50 years. 
 
 EDWARD FARRELL, A.B., M.D. 
 Second Surgical Division, 1866. 
 Died in Halifax, N. S., January 1, 1901, aged 57 years. 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY DRAPER, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 Second Medical Division, 1856. 
 Died in New York, April 26, 1901, aged 70 years. 
 
 CALVIN TERRIBERRY, M.D. 
 Third Surgical Division, 1874. 
 Died in Paterson, N. J., June 9, 1901, aged 51 years. 
 
 DAVID MAGIE CORY, M.D. 
 Third Surgical Division, 1867. 
 Died in Rye, N. Y., August 19, 1901, aged 58 years. 
 
 WILLIAM MALCOLM JAMES, M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1863. 
 
 Died in Whitesboro, N. Y., August 26, 1901, aged 62 years. 
 CHARLES GEORGE SPROULL, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Second Medical Division, 1895. 
 
 Died in New York, January 24, 1902, aged 34 years. 
 HENRY RUTGERS BALDWIN, A.B., A.M., M.D., L.L.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1854. 
 
 Died in New Brunswick, N. J., February 3, 1902, aged 73 years. 
 WILLIAM WARING JOHNSTON, M.D. 
 
 First Surgical Division, 1866. 
 
 Died in Atlantic City, N. J., March 21, 1902, aged 59 years. 
 MAURICE BARING EARLY, M.D. 
 
 Third Medical Division, 1873. 
 
 Died in New York, June 20, 1902, aged 54 years. 
 NATHANIEL P. WASHBURN, Ph. B., M.D. 
 
 Second Medical Division, 1893. 
 
 Died in San Antonio, Texas, June 22, 1903. 
 PHANETT COE BARKER, A.M. (hon.) M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1861. 
 
 Died in Morristown, N. J., August 21, 1903, aged 68 years. 
 
 DAVID FRANKLIN, M.D. 
 
 Fourth Medical Division, 1879. 
 
 Died in New York, October 5, 1903, aged 48 years. 
 
iBeatfj &oll 41 
 
 JAMES FRANCIS FERGUSON, M.D. 
 Surgical Division, 1861. 
 Died in Central Valley, N. Y., January 7, 1904, aged 65 years. 
 
 HENRY LYLE SMITH, M.D. 
 
 Second Medical and Surgical Divisions, 1866. 
 
 Died in Hudson, N. Y., February 11, 1904, aged 60 years. 
 
 DAVID LYNDE WALLACE, M.D. 
 First Surgical Division, 1876. 
 Died in Newark, N. J., February 29, 1904, aged 48 years. 
 
 JOHN METCALF POLK, M.D. 
 Second Medical Division, 1903. 
 Died in New York, March 29, 1904, aged 28 years. 
 
 ARTHUR MAXWELL LINE, M.D. 
 Second Surgical Division, 1901 . 
 Died in Wilmington, Del., May 29, 1904, aged 33 years. 
 
 EDWARD WILBERFORCE LAMBERT, A. B., A.M., M.D. 
 First Medical Division, 1858. 
 Died in New York, July 18, 1904, aged 73 years. 
 
 ROBERT MILBANK, M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1880. 
 
 Died in Greenwich, Conn . , August 4, 1904, aged 66 years . 
 WILLIAM RICE PRYOR, M.D. 
 
 Second Medical Division, 1882. 
 
 Died in New York, August 26, 1904, aged 46 years. 
 WILLIAM HAMMET MARTIN, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1862. 
 
 Died in New York, September 3, 1904, aged 64 years. 
 GEORGE SEYMOUR CONANT, M.D. 
 
 Second Medical Division, 1879. 
 
 Died in New York, September 23, 1904, aged 51 years. 
 HENRY MUNSON LYMAN, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Third Surgical Division, 1862. 
 
 Died in Evanston, Illinois, November 21, 1904, aged 68 years. 
 FRANCIS DANIELS EDGERTON, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Third Medical Division, 1866. 
 
 Died in Middletown, Conn., January 19, 1905, aged 67 years. 
 
 JOHN ROBINSON BUIST, A.B., M.D., M.R.M.S. Edin. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1858. 
 
 Died in Nashville, Tenn., October 24, 1905, aged 71 years. 
 ISAAC JACOB SENIOR, A. B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Medical Division, 1851. 
 
 Died in Curacoa, D. W. I., January 1, 1906, aged 78 years. 
 
42 Beat!) &oll 
 
 ADOLPH WILLIAM BERLE, B.S., M.D. 
 Second Medical Division, 1886. 
 Died in New York, March 26, 1906, aged 45 years. 
 
 CHARLES PAGE, M.D., Asst. Sur.-Gen., U. S. A. 
 Surgical Division, 1851. 
 Died in Baltimore, Md., September 15, 1906, aged 78 years. 
 
 GLOVER CRANE ARNOLD, M.D. 
 Third Surgical Division, 1874. 
 Died in New York, November 20, 1906, aged 57 years. 
 
 JAMES CLARKE THOMAS, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 Second Medical Division, 1868. 
 Died in Los Angeles, Cal., February 20, 1907, aged 63 years. 
 
 SOLLACE MITCHELL, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Third Surgical Division, 1886. 
 
 Died in Readville, Maine, May 15, 1907, aged 48 years. 
 GUY DAVENPORT LOMBARD, M.D. 
 
 Second Medical Division, 1898. 
 
 Died in New York, May 22, 1907, aged 35 years. 
 
 SENECA DANIEL POWELL, M.D. 
 
 Second Medical Division, 1871. 
 
 Died in New York, August 24, 1907, aged 59 years. 
 SAMUEL LEWENGOOD, M.D. 
 
 Fourth Surgical Division, 1883. 
 
 Died in New York, September 9, 1907, aged 46 years. 
 HENRY PATTERSON LOOMIS, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Second Medical Division, 1884. 
 
 Died in New York, December 22, 1907, aged 48 years. 
 DUDLEY DUNN SAUNDERS, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Third Medical Division, 1857. 
 
 Died in Memphis, Tenn., February 23, 1908, aged 73 years. 
 ROBERT WATTS, Jr., M.D. 
 
 Second Surgical Division, 1895. 
 
 Died in New York, June 8, 1908, aged 41 years. 
 WALTER ROB ARTS GILLETTE, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Second Medical Division, 1864. 
 
 Died in New York, November 7, 1908, aged 68 years. 
 
 WILLIAM TILLINGHAST BULL, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 First Surgical Division, 1873. 
 Died in Wymberly, Ga., February 22, 1909, aged 59 years. 
 
 ROBERT ALEXANDER MURRAY, B.S., M.D. 
 Second Medical Division, 1875. 
 Died in New York, February 27, 1909, aged 57 years. 
 
Jieatf) &oll 43 
 
 JAMES STAFFORD, M.D. 
 
 Fourth Medical Division, 1888. 
 
 Died in Perth Amboy, N. J., August 3, 1909, aged 48 years. 
 JAMES BROWN BURNET, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1868. 
 
 Died in Newark, N. J., September 7, 1909, aged 66 years. 
 
 JAMES OAKLEY PINGRY, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 Third Surgical Division, 1870. 
 Died in Millbrook, N. Y., April 10, 1910, aged 66 years. 
 
 HENRY GRANGER PIFFARD, A.B..A.M., M.D. 
 
 Second Surgical Division, 1865. 
 
 Died in New York, June 8, 1910, aged 67 years. 
 
 ABRAM BROTHERS, B.S., M.D. 
 First Medical Division, 1885. 
 Died in New York, October 13, 1910, aged 48 years. 
 
 JOHN EDWIN ALLEN, M.D. 
 
 Fourth Medical Division, 1876. 
 
 Died in New York, October 25, 1910, aged 63 years. 
 FREDERICK HOLME WIGGIN, M.D. 
 
 Third Surgical Division, 1878. 
 
 Died in Flushing, N. Y., October 28, 1910, aged 57 years. 
 SAMUEL ALEXANDER, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Fourth Medical Division, 1883. 
 
 Died in New York, November 27, 1910, aged 52 years. 
 EDWARD STRONG BOGERT, M.D., Med. Div., U. S. N. 
 
 Third Surgical Division, 1861. 
 
 Died in New York, February 16, 1911, aged 74 years. 
 ISAIAH WINDS CONDICT, M.D. 
 
 Medical Division, 1850. 
 
 Died in Dover, N. J., July 4, 1911, aged 93 years. 
 MASON THOMSON, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Third Surgical Division, 1878. 
 
 Died in New York, July 6, 1911, aged 50 years. 
 STEPHEN PIERSON, A.M., M.D. 
 
 First Medical Division, 1870. 
 
 Died in Morristown, N. J., August 10, 1911, aged 67 years. 
 STARLING LOVING, M.D., L.L.D. 
 
 Surgical Division, 1850. 
 
 Died in Columbus, Ohio, September 2, 1911, aged 83 years. 
 WILLIAM SANDERSON CHEESMAN, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Fourth Medical Division, 1880. 
 
 Died in Auburn, N. Y., May 5, 1912, aged 59 years. 
 
44 Beatfj &oU 
 
 HENRY ELIJAH OWEN, A.B., M.D. 
 
 First Surgical Division, 1869. 
 
 Died in New York, October 12, 1912, aged 67 years. 
 JOSEPH CODDINGTON YOUNG, M.D. 
 
 Third Medical Division, 1874. 
 
 Died in Newark, N. J., March 26, 1913, aged 62 years. 
 
 FRANK HARTLEY, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Second Surgical Division, 1882. 
 
 Died in New York, June 19, 1913, aged 57 years. 
 ROBERT LITTLE BRODIE, A.B., M.D. 
 
 Medical Division, 1852. 
 
 Died in Charleston, S. C, October 2, 1913, aged 84 years. 
 CHARLES McBURNEY, A.B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Second Surgical Division, 1870. 
 
 Died in Brookline, Mass., November 7, 1913, 68 years. 
 CHARLES PHELPS, A. B., A.M., M.D. 
 
 Second and Third Surgical Divisions, 1859. 
 
 Died in New York, December 30, 1913, aged 79 years. 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 JOHN MANUEL BYRON, M.D. 
 
 University of Naples, 1877. 
 
 Died in New York, May 8, 1895, aged 33 years. 
 STUART ELDRIDGE, M.D., U.S.M.H.S. 
 
 Died in Yokohoma, Japan, 1901. 
 
 PERMANENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. 
 
 STUART DOUGLAS, M.D. 
 
 Resident Physician, Insane Pavilion. 
 
 Died in New York, October 14, 1894, aged 33 years. 
 
 GEORGE RYERSON FOWLER, M.D. 
 
 Died in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 6, 1906, aged 57 years. 
 
J2eto Jfflemfcerg 
 
 Add to Resident Active Members 
 Thompson, W. Gilman 61 West 49th St., New York 
 
 Add to N on-Resident Active Members 
 
 Justin, Arthur William 548 Humbolt St., Union Hill, N. J. 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1913 
 
 Wurtele, Frederick Josias North Platte, Neb. 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1909 
 
CO 
 
 T— I 
 
 ON 
 
 i—l 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 
 to 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 to 
 to 
 to 
 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 IT) 
 
 CO 
 
 CM 
 
 o 
 
 in 
 
 co 
 CO 
 
 00 
 
 co 
 
 CM 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 1—4 
 
 o 
 
 CM 
 CM 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 T— 1 
 
 CM 
 
 i— i 
 00 
 
 »— 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1— I 
 
 £6- 
 
 o 
 U 
 
 c 
 
 .o .a 
 r? to 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 to " — 
 
 "5 W 3 
 
 « « 52 
 
 ri -O ^ I 
 
 >H W S Ph 
 
 O ffi to 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 ON 
 
 CO 
 CM~ 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 CM 
 CM 
 
 ON 
 
 CM 
 
 00 
 
 CM 
 
 1— 1 
 On 
 
 CO 
 
 On 
 On 
 vO 
 CM 
 
 ir> 
 
 CO 
 CM 
 
 
 c 
 o 
 CQ 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 rt 
 
 <u 
 
 m 
 
 P 
 
 c 
 
 to 
 
 c 
 to 
 
 C 
 O 
 
 .5 
 
 -4-1 
 
 a; 
 
 t/) 
 
 u 
 
 t- 
 c 
 
 a 
 
 to 
 
 -t-> 
 C 
 
 to 
 
 o 
 
 to 
 
 cc 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 VI- 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 a 
 
 "c5 
 to 
 
-Program* 45 
 
 programs 
 
 October 4th, 1911. 
 
 Installation of the President-Elect and of the Standing Com- 
 mittees. 
 
 Floyd M. Crandall, M.D. 
 
 President's Address. 
 
 H. Seymour Houghton, M.D. 
 
 Discussion on the Work of the Society. 
 
 Joseph D. Bryant, M.D. 
 
 November 1st, 1911. 
 
 Resolutions upon the death of Starling Loving, M.D. and 
 
 Stephen Pierson, M.D. 
 Report on Fulguration of papillary growths of the bladder, with 
 
 presentation of patients (7 cases.) 
 
 J. F. McCarthy, M.D. 
 
 The Paper of the Evening: 
 Cardiospasm: Its general considerations. 
 
 John E. Erdmann, M.D. 
 
 December 6th, 1911. 
 
 The Paper of the Evening: 
 Some Recent Advances in Sewage Disposal. 
 
 Clyde Potts, C. E. ; M. Am. Soc. C. E. 
 
 (by invitation.) 
 
 January 3rd, 1912. 
 
 Presentation of a Case of Thoracic Aneurism Treated with Gold 
 Wire and Galvanism. 
 
 W. C. Lusk, M.D. 
 Paper: 
 Local Anesthesia in Major Surgery. 
 
 A. S. Morrow, M.D. 
 The Paper of the Evening: 
 The Neurologist and the Surgeon. 
 
 Robert T. Morris, M.D. 
 
46 programs 
 
 February 7th, 1912. 
 
 The Paper of the Evening: 
 Post-operative Gastro-Enteric Paresis, with Cinematograph 
 Demonstration of the Action of Drugs on the Peristaltic 
 Movements of the Intestines. 
 
 James Taft Pilcher, M.D. 
 
 March 6th, 1912. 
 
 Paper: 
 The Significance of an Acid Gastric Juice in the Fasting Stomach. 
 
 Harold Barclay, M.D. 
 The Paper of the Evening: 
 Operative and Post-operative Treatment of Appendicitus. 
 
 Parker Syms, M.D. 
 
 April 3rd, 1912. 
 
 Paper: 
 Clinical Observations on Morphinism and its Treatment. 
 
 Ernest S. Bishop, M.D. 
 A Consideration of Gas Bacillus Infections with Special Refer- 
 ence to Treatment. 
 
 Walter C. Cramp, M.D. 
 
 May 1st, 1912. 
 Paper: {A.) 
 
 Management of Occiput Posterior. 
 
 Frederick W. Rice, M.D. 
 Paper: (B.) 
 The Treatment of Eclampsia. 
 
 Harold C. Bailey, M.D. 
 
 May 29th, 1912. 
 
 Presentation of Cases: 
 I. a. Cerebro-Spinal Syphilis. 
 b. Charcot Joint. 
 
 Clarence G. Bandler, M.D. 
 II. c. A Case of Elephantiasis. 
 b. A Case of Extrophy. 
 
 J. F. McCarthy, M.D. 
 
programs! 47 
 
 III. Paper: Vesical Neoplasms. Their Diagnosis and Treat- 
 ment. (Lantern Slide Demonstration.) 
 
 J. F. McCarthy, M.D. 
 
 October 2nd, 1912. 
 
 The Paper of the Evening: 
 Mechanism of Narcotic Addiction. Emest g Bishop> M D 
 
 November 6th, 1912. 
 
 Presentation of Patients. 
 
 Case of Restoration of Entire Nose by Rhinoplasty and Bone 
 Transplantation. 
 
 W. W. Carter, M.D. 
 Paper: 
 Artificial Feeding of Infants. 
 
 Ward Bryant Hoag, M.D. 
 
 - December 4th, 1912. 
 Paper: 
 Preserving the Sphincters in the Treatment of Fissure and 
 Fistula. Gustavus A. Humphreys, M.D. 
 
 January 8th, 1913. 
 
 Installation of the President-El ect and of the Standing Com- 
 mittees. H. Seymour Houghton, M.D. 
 
 President's Address. 
 
 Henry Mann Silver, M.D. 
 
 Paper: 
 The Control and Prevention of Compensation in Cardiac Disease, 
 with Lantern Demonstrations. 
 
 Charles E. Quimby, M.D. 
 
 February Sth, 1913. 
 
 A Contribution to the Etiology of Pernicious Anaemia. 
 
 James T. Pilcher, M.D. 
 Paper: 
 Later Notes on the Subject of Loose Kidney. 
 
 Robert T. Morris, M.D. 
 
48 -program? 
 
 March 5th, 1913. 
 
 Report of a Case of Syphilis of the Eye. 
 
 J. H. Woodward, M.D. 
 
 Paper: 
 Consideration and Treatment of Malignant Conditions of the 
 Colon. 
 
 John F. Erdmann, M.D. 
 
 Pathology and Laboratory Aids in Diagnosis of Malignant 
 Conditions of the Colon. 
 
 Frederic E'. Sondeon, M.D. 
 
 (by invitation.) 
 
 Lantern Illustration: Radiographic Indications of Colonic Ob- 
 struction and Points of Differentiation between Malignant 
 and Non-malignant Lesions. 
 
 Lewis Gregory Cole, M.D. 
 (by invitation.) 
 
 April 2nd, 1913. 
 
 Clinical Meeting held at Bellevue Hospital. 
 I. Presentation of New Instruments. 
 
 a. An Improved Aspirating Endoscope for Bladder and 
 
 Deep Urethra. 
 
 b. An Improved Prismatic Cystoscope and Deep Urethro- 
 
 scope. 
 Demonstration of Use of Above Instruments to Small 
 Groups in a Side Room. 
 
 Joseph Francis McCarthy, M.D. 
 11. Presentation of Patients. 
 
 a. Medical Divisions. 
 
 Edmund Le Roy Dow, M.D. 
 W. Gilman Thompson, M.D. 
 Samuel Albertus Brown, M.D. 
 Alexander Lambert, M.D. 
 
 b. Pediatric Division. 
 
 Linnaeus Edford La Fetra, M.D. 
 (by invitation . ) 
 
 c. Surgical Divisions. 
 
 Lucius Wales Hotchkiss, M.D. 
 George Woolsey, M.D. 
 George David Stewart, M.D. 
 Howard Lilienthal, M.D. 
 
 (by invitation.) 
 
programs 49 
 
 III. The Roll of the Roentgen Examination in the Diagnosis 
 of Obscure Conditions. 
 
 Isaac Seth Hirsch, M.D. 
 (by invitation.) 
 
 May 14th, 1913. 
 
 Paper: 
 The Freudian Conception of the Psychoneuroses. 
 
 Horace Westake Frink, M.D. 
 The Technique of Psychoanalysis. 
 
 Clarence Paul Oberndorf, M.D. 
 
 June 4th, 1913. 
 
 Paper: 
 Oedema in Infants not due to Nephritis. 
 
 Henry Dwight Chapin, M.D. 
 Meningitis and Meningismus in Pneumonia of Children. 
 
 Francis Huber, M.D. 
 
 October 1st, 1913. 
 
 Paper: 
 Joint Symptoms Following the Use of Serum Therapy. 
 
 Wisner R. Townsend, M.D. 
 The Importance of Early Diagnosis in the Prevention of De- 
 formity in Joint Disease. 
 
 Reginald H. Sayre, M.D. 
 Reading of the Annual Prize Essay— "The Acidosis Index. A 
 Method of Determination for the Use of the General Practi- 
 tioner, by Means of a Universal Colorimeter." 
 
 November Sth, 1913. 
 
 Clinical Meeting held at Bellevue Hospital. 
 1st Medical Division. Frank Erdwurm, M.D. 
 
 o. Demonstration of Artificial Pneumothorax by Filling 
 
 the Pleural Cavity with Nitrogen Gas. 
 b. Lantern Exhibition of X-Ray Slides of Filled Chests. 
 
 4th Medical Division. Chas. E. Nammack, M.D. 
 
 o. Progressive Muscular Dystrophy. 
 b. Syringomyelia Morvan's Type. 
 
50 programs! 
 
 Poycopathic Division. M. S. Gregory, M.D. 
 
 (by invitation.) 
 
 a. Depression (Maniac-Depressive Psychosis) in a Child of 
 
 Ten Years with Some Remarks on the Psychoses of 
 Childhood. 
 
 b. Tabes Dorsalis, with Superimposed Melancholia: Fre- 
 
 quently Mistaken for General Paralysis. 
 
 1st Surgical Division. John B. Walker, M.D. 
 
 a. Localization of Foreign Bodies by Surface Markings. 
 
 b. Pansinusities of Nasal Sinuses. 
 
 c. Old Outward Dislocation of Elbow. 
 
 d. Operation for Old Fracture of Oscalcis. 
 
 2nd Surgical Division. John A. Hartwell, M.D. 
 
 a. Jejunal Ulcer: Secondary to Gastroenterostomy. 
 
 b. Epithelioma of the Tongue. 
 
 Roentgen Ray Department T. S. Hirsch, M.D. 
 
 (by invitation.) 
 The Roentgen Ray Diagnosis of Oesophageal Diseases. 
 
 December 3rd, 1913. 
 
 1st Paper. Julius H. Woodward, M.D. 
 
 Ophthalmological Signs of Posterior Spinal Schlerosis. 
 
 2nd Paper. Robert T. Morris, M.D. 
 
 Adventitious Tissues in the Peritoneal Cavity. 
 
$rt?e Cstfap 5 1 
 
 THE ACIDOSIS INDEX. 
 
 (Awarded the Annual Prize for 1913) 
 
 A Method of Determination, for the Use of the General 
 Practitioner by Means of a Universal Colorimeter. 
 
 "There is nothing truly valuable which can be 
 purchased without pain and labor." — Tattler 
 
 If we were to chose a text for this paper, we probably 
 could do no better than to quote a sentence from Sir 
 William Osier's introduction to his Modern Medicine, as 
 it has in it the very essence of what I have tried to bring 
 out in the first few pages to follow. Under the heading, 
 "The Evolution of Internal Medicine," he says, "Just as 
 the clinical laboratory is a necessity to the hospital 
 physician engaged in the solution of the most advanced 
 problems in medicine, so the private laboratory is in- 
 dispensable in the every-day work of the busy practi- 
 tioner." Once having been wedded to the laboratory in 
 our hospital work, the partnership becomes vitally es- 
 sential, and ignorance alone can make us insensible to its 
 loss. 
 
 Knowing that instances of cure are exceedingly rare in 
 certain chronic diseases, in many cases the general practi- 
 tioner takes the attitude of sympathetic tolerance and 
 indifference, dismissing his patient with a few text-book 
 directions on diet and hygiene, and with orders to report 
 at irregular intervals with a specimen of urine for 
 routine qualitative analysis. Losing sight of the pos- 
 sibility of prolonging life, looking only at the ultimate 
 outcome, how many of us turn our attentions to the acute 
 illnesses of known etiology, preferring to consider the 
 more obscure chronic conditions as playthings of extreme 
 interest to the detail laboratory man and physiologic 
 
52 $ri?e €a£ap 
 
 \- : 
 
 chemist, but as far too complex and hopeless for us who 
 dub ourselves practical men. We have allowed ourselves 
 to become confused in the entangled maze of experi- 
 mental reports constantly appearing in our journals; we 
 have turned back when confronted by bewildering organic 
 formulae and theories of pathological metabolism, and 
 have left to the well equipped laboratories the long, 
 careful quantative estimations, so helpful in following 
 the progress of our case. As a result, in general practice 
 the chronic case is usually avoided, treated indifferently, 
 or sent to a hospital where responsibility may be shifted 
 on to the hospital staff. 
 
 But can the responsibility be shifted? In summing 
 up the few cases of diabetes mellitus that I have had 
 opportunity to work over, the hospital histories may be 
 generalized somewhat as follows : 
 
 At the advice of his physician, patient A enters 
 the hospital with well marked signs and symptoms of 
 diabetes mellitus. Previous records often show that 
 he has been at some hospital at some previous date 
 for treatment of the same condition. Enthusiastic 
 members of the hospital staff, after careful labora- 
 tory estimations, place the patient on a diet which is 
 checked by laboratory reports. Every detail is 
 carefully worked out. Improvement probably takes 
 place, when, suddenly, the patient decides to leave. 
 He may object to the treatment, it may be a question 
 of time or expense, the fact remains, however, the 
 patient leaves. All the careful work, the elaborate 
 charts, the painstaking feeding, as far as the patient 
 goes, is probably for naught, for he immediately goes 
 on a carbohydrate debauch and sooner or later seeks 
 his family physician in about the same condition as 
 when he entered the hospital. 
 
The responsibility, therefore, returns to the general 
 practitioner, and it is for him to regulate the life of 
 this man who refuses to spend the remainder of his 
 days in the wards of a hospital. 
 
 Diabetes mellitus is a striking example of that type of 
 disease which can be made to pause in its relentless march 
 by proper treatment, and the end postponed for months 
 and at times for years. Considerable advance has been 
 made of late concerning its causes and we have developed 
 a method of feeding whereby we can to a certain degree 
 control the sugar output and influence the acidosis, there- 
 by prolonging the life of the individual. However, the 
 influence of a strict diet may be decidedly detrimental, 
 and tend only to hasten the fatal termination. Without 
 a laboratory check, therefore, we group as one in the 
 dark and often find the dreaded Coma the only reward 
 for our efforts. Coma, particularly in the young, is the 
 termination in a considerable proportion of the cases of 
 diabetes mellitus, coming on sometimes slowly, sometimes 
 swiftly, but never unannounced to him who is watching 
 for it. Naunyn reports nineteen cases of Coma out of 
 forty-four fatal cases of diabetes mellitus ; Frerichs 
 reports one hundred and fifty out of two hundred and 
 fifty fatal cases; Taylor, twenty-six out of forty-three; 
 Mackenzie, nineteen out of eighty-seven ; Williamson, 
 twenty-eight out of forty. (Osier.) 
 
 Von Norden, in "Newer Aspects of Diabetes" says, 
 "the observation that diabetic Coma is coincident with 
 excretion of large quantities of acetone bodies has lead 
 us to consider the acetone bodies the most dangerous 
 enemies of diabetics." "Coma," the manifestation of a 
 profound intoxication, "is an almost hopeless complica- 
 tion." (Osier.) Since Coma spells the end in so many 
 of our diabetic cases, since it is not only coincident with, 
 
54 $ri^ Cssap 
 
 but also preceded by acidosis, is it not important, then, 
 that the estimation of the degree of acidosis be made 
 when by this method we can anticipate Coma and thus 
 prolong a possible useful life by proper treatment? 
 
 The presence of Beta-oxybutyric acid and diacetic 
 acid is usually of serious import, but in a great many 
 cases diacetic acid may be present for months with 
 apparently no serious consequences. A case in Dr. 
 Alexander Lambert's wards at Bellevue Hospital, while 
 I was intern, was a striking example of this condition. 
 The patient, Case I, was sent into Ward B 3 by an 
 outside physician with a history of long standing 
 diabetes mellitus. On admission, sugar and acetone 
 bodies were found present in large quantities in his 
 urine. Under treatment, the patient gained weight, 
 constitutional symptoms disappeared, but despite 
 every effort tests for acetone and diacetic acid were 
 always strongly positive. Finally the patient left, 
 much improved but with sugar and diacetic acid 
 still present in his urine. 
 
 The diabetic, therefore, develops what may be termed 
 an "acidosis tolerance" within the limits of which he may 
 improve and enjoy life. As this degree of tolerance 
 varies with the individual, it is quite important then that 
 the danger point be ascertained in order that the physi- 
 cian may know just where his patient stands as regards 
 acidosis tolerance, and be ready to treat any increase 
 without forcing the patient needlessly to undergo treat- 
 ment for acidosis when he is within his limit of tolerance. 
 Again, knowing the limit of tolerance, how readily can 
 the effect of a change of diet or medication on the 
 acidosis be noted and how quickly can the error be 
 remedied if such a change tends to increase the acidosis? 
 
3$vi}t Cssap 55 
 
 That, during change of diet or medication, the patient 
 should be carefully watched as regards his acidosis, is 
 emphasized by the following case : 
 
 Case II entered Ward A 2 about the same time that 
 Case I, referred to, was under observation. He also 
 had a typical diabetic history, and, on admission, 
 was excreting acetone bodies in large amounts. 
 Under careful dieting the patient gained weight, 
 constitutional symptoms disappeared, and he was 
 thinking seriously of leaving the hospital. His urine, 
 during the several weeks he was under observation, 
 showed the persistent presence of acetone bodies. 
 At this time I attempted to follow out Hart's method 
 of quantative estimation of diacetic acid with a modi- 
 fied apparatus, but because of an error in the original 
 article the standard solution did not give the required 
 color reaction. An attempt to reduce the sugar 
 present by giving the patient Fowler's solution, as 
 suggested in Forcheimer's treatment, resulted in a 
 rapid increased acidosis, Coma and death. 
 
 If, when the treatment with Fowler's Solution was 
 begun, a simple method of measuring the increased 
 acidosis had been at hand I feel confident that we 
 could have stopped the treatment in time to prevent 
 the Coma, provided that we had known the patient's 
 acidosis tolerance from previous observations. 
 Granted that the responsibility for the welfare of the 
 diabetic rests largely with the general practitioner, that 
 in the estimation of the acidosis index he has a method 
 of anticipating approaching Coma, and that by anticipat- 
 ing Coma he can prolong his patient's life in many cases, 
 the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the general 
 practitioner must, in order to conscientiously follow his 
 patient, estimate at frequent intervals the acidosis index, 
 
56 $kt?e Cstfap 
 
 daily estimations being necessary when the acidosis toler- 
 ance is exceeded, when changes in diet or medication 
 are being made, or while the patient is suffering from 
 some acute illness. 
 
 If the busy practitioner is to determine the acidosis 
 index, how shall he do it? Glancing over the various 
 methods for the quantitative determination of the acitone 
 bodies in urine, we find several among which are (1) 
 the quantitative estimation of the bases and inorganic 
 acids; (2) the direct estimation of acetone and diacetic 
 acid by Messenger's method; (3) the polariscopic 
 method; and (4) the estimation of the increased amount 
 of ammonia. The same objections, in the main, apply 
 to all these methods; they take time, special skill, and 
 complex apparatus. The ammonia determination is used 
 more frequently than the other methods but is subject to 
 many errors, and cannot be used when the patient is 
 taking alkalies. So, if quantitative laboratory estima- 
 tions are to become popular, methods must be devised 
 that are simple, inexpensive, and time saving. In the 
 Esbach albuminometer we have such an apparatus and 
 since its advent puerperal toxaemia has been carefully 
 and scientifically treated by all conscientious physicians, 
 and the course of an acute nephritis intelligently follow- 
 ed. If the quantitative estimation of albumen has aided 
 the general practitioner in anticipating approaching 
 eclampsia, why should not the estimation of the acidosis 
 index be placed on a similar footing in the anticipation 
 of diabetic Coma? The answer to this question is that 
 there is no efficient popular method by which this can be 
 done. T. Stewart Hart, in the Archives of Internal 
 Medicine, Vol. VII, described a method by which he 
 could roughly compare the color of urine treated with 
 ferric chloride. The principle was one of dilution, similar 
 
to that used by Gower in his Haemoglolinometer. This 
 method, with a modified apparatus, referred to under 
 Case II, although proving unsuccessful at the time the 
 article appeared because of a publisher's error, made us 
 realize how helpful a simple method for determining the 
 quantative diacetic acid output would be. With these 
 initial attempts in mind I have since been working on 
 such a method, and have produced something, I think, 
 that will be very helpful to the profession at large, not 
 only in cases of acidosis but in all cases where color 
 comparisons can be used in quantitative estimations. 
 The method is particularly useful in the determination 
 of the acidosis index and in the functional kidney tests 
 where dyes are used. 
 
 In approaching the problem of a colorimeter, substances 
 for standards must be found which give the correct color, 
 and, if the color is not lasting, a method must be 
 developed which takes this into consideration. Many 
 colors in solution slowly fade. Phenol-Sulphone-Patha- 
 lein is an example. Serial dilutions of this substance 
 show color changes after one or two months which are 
 sufficient to make the standard unreliable. Fixed colors 
 are difficult to match if made from substances differing 
 from the substance to be tested for. 
 
 Using the well known Gerhart's Ferric Chloride test 
 for diacetic acid as the foundation of the work, a colori- 
 meter has been developed which, I think, will fulfill the 
 previously stated requirements. 
 
 The Standard Solutions. 
 
 Solution I. 
 
 A great many substances react with ferric chloride 
 
 resulting in color changes. These must be thought 
 
 of in using the Gerhart Test for diacetic acid. 
 
 Salicilic acid and other salicilates (diuretin, asperin, 
 
58 $rt?e Csstap 
 
 etc.) give a color reaction with ferric chloride similar 
 to but more bluish than the diacetic reaction, the 
 blue deepening as the strength of the salicilate is 
 increased. Sodium acetate has more of the red to 
 its reaction, quite evident in the stronger solutions. 
 The ester of diacetic (aceto acetic) acid, aceto acetis 
 ester, gives an exact color for comparison and this 
 reagent was chosen for the standard. After working 
 with aceto acetic ester I found in later numbers of 
 the Archives of Internal Medicine, the correction of 
 Hart's original article, and the corrected reagent was 
 stated as ethyl aceto acetate, which is equivalent to 
 my aceto acetic ester. Aceto acetic ester is stable, 
 gives the typical Bordeaux red color with ferric 
 chloride, and is cheap, being listed in Merck's cata- 
 logue at sixty cents an ounce, obtainable through the 
 New York office. It is a clear, colorless liquid, 
 rather oily in consistency, and with a distinct fruity 
 odor. One c. c. disolves quite readily in 1000 c. c. of 
 water when shaken up well. This 1 to 1000 solution 
 is used as Solution I. 
 Solution II. 
 
 A given number of grams of the solid ferric 
 chloride dissolved in an equal number of c. c. of 
 water makes a concentrated solution which, when 
 added to solution I, drop by drop, gives the maximum 1 
 color without causing an appreciable dilution, as 
 weaker solutions would. Dilution of the specimen 
 is to be avoided. 
 
 In experimenting with Gerhart's method the 
 following observations were made : 
 
 (1) The maximum intensity of color is not 
 reached immediately but gradually over a period of 
 half a minute or so in the case of the aceto acetic 
 
$rt?e €&$ap 59 
 
 ester solution. The ferric chloride, therefore, should 
 be added drop by drop, stirring the solution until the 
 color reaches its height. This is important. If too 
 little ferric chloride is added the color is less than it 
 should be, and if too much be added the standard is 
 diluted and takes a little of the brownish hue of the 
 ferric chloride. 
 
 (2) The color resulting from the reaction gradu- 
 ally fades. In a series of dilution varying fro 1% 
 to .1% changes were noted in the weaker solutions 
 in two weeks, the change continuing until the color 
 was completely gone in the 1% solution. Addition of 
 ferric chloride to the stronger solution caused a 
 return in part of the color, but the weaker solutions 
 remained colorless. 
 
 (3) Inquiring into the cause of the fading of the 
 color it was found that increasing the acidity of the 
 original solution of aceto acetic ester with con- 
 centrated hydrochloric acid increased the rapidity 
 with which the color faded. A point of acidity was 
 reached where the addition of ferric chloride caused 
 no color change. Testing the ferric chloride it was 
 found acid to litmus. It was concluded then that in 
 the presence of this acid salt the color could not be 
 made to remain permanent. Taking one of the 
 solutions that had been discolorized by the addition 
 of a few drops of hydrochloric acid, by carefully 
 adding a base, like sodium hydroxide, the color 
 returns for a moment but as the base predominates, 
 the iron precipitates as the flocculent hydrate. 
 However, adding to this the ferric chloride solution 
 until the base is completely precipitated as the 
 hydrate, an excess of the ferric chloride at once 
 brings out the color as intense as originally. We 
 
60 $ri?e Caslap 
 
 conclude from this that the fading of our color is 
 not due to decomposition of the aceto acetic ester 
 alone but that the acid ferric chloride takes part in 
 the reaction. 
 
 (4) Experimenting with a basic solution of aceto 
 acetic ester, an interesting point was brought out 
 which would apply to urines from patients under 
 alkaline treatment. Until the acidity of the ferric 
 chloride had neutralized the alkalinity of the urine no 
 typical color reaction appeared. Then a large amount 
 of ferric chloride would have to be used in strongly 
 alkaline urines before the neutral point was reached 
 where color changes would begin. This not only 
 wastes reagent, but what is more important, as will 
 be seen later, causes dilution of the specimen, leaving 
 a source of error in the readings to be taken later. 
 Again, in alkaline urines, a thick heavy precipitate 
 of ferric oxide forms on the addition of ferric 
 chloride which, when caught in the effervescence of 
 the escaping carbon dioxide, results in a thick, frothy 
 chocolate colored mixture which, if not impossible 
 to filter, certainly delays that procedure greatly. 
 
 Fe, CI. -|- 6 (Na HC0 3 )=Fe 2 8 -|- 6 CO* -|- 6 
 NaCl -|- 3 H2O. This hindrance can be eliminated 
 in the following way. Place a piece of litmus in the 
 alkaline specimen of urine to be tested and add con- 
 centrated hydrochloric acid, drop by drop, until the 
 litmus shows a faint acid reaction. The CO* is 
 eliminated, thus leaving a clear solution. Na HCOe 
 -|- HCl=NaCl -|- PLO -J- CO*. Having eliminated 
 the carbonates with a minimum amount of dilution 
 add the ferric chloride as directed. The only pre- 
 cipitation that forms, if any, will be due to the phos- 
 phates. These are quickly filtered out. 
 
$rt*e Cssap 61 
 
 (5) Sodium Salicilate, salicilic acid, diuretin, as- 
 perin and the other salicylates in solutions could easily 
 be mistaken for diacetic acid, but when compared 
 side by side, the color of the salicilates is more of a 
 blue than a red, the strong solutions having a deep 
 indigo color. 
 
 Staubli has shown that in benign cases of acidosis, in 
 spite of a high content of acetone and diacetic acid, the 
 amount of Beta-oxybutyric acid in the urine is small. 
 However, with an increase of Beta-oxybutyric acid, there 
 would necessarily be an increase of diacetic acid; there- 
 fore, knowing the diacetic tolerance, the rise and fall will 
 parallel the rise and fall of the Beta-oxybutyric acid. 
 Hart found in his cases that the measure of the acidosis 
 index, based on the depth of color obtained with the 
 ferric chloride reaction, paralleled the results obtained 
 by the polariscopic method and the ammonia output. 
 
 The principle of the colorimeter in which our solutions 
 are used is founded on the following physical laws : 
 
 (1) Media, which we commonly speak of as 
 transparent, if not employed in too great thicknesses, 
 transmit, without appreciable absorption, the range 
 of wave lengths within the region of the visible 
 spectrum. (Physical Optics — Wood.) 
 
 (2) In the case of most of the absorbing media, 
 the color of the transmitted light does not depend 
 to any degree on the thickness, the depth or satura- 
 tion merely increasing. (Physical Optics — Wood.) 
 The depth or saturation, therefore, the color remain- 
 ing the same, will vary with the thickness, that is, with 
 the number of molicules of the dissolved substance in a 
 given length of the medium transmitting the light. 
 Hence, two media containing the same amount of a given 
 color substance in solution, transmit light of the same 
 
62 3^vi}t CsSap 
 
 color and the same depth or intensity. The volume 
 remaining the same, the depth or intensity of the color 
 varies with the amount of color substance in solution; 
 or the depth or intensity remaining the same, the volumes 
 vary with the amount of color substance in solution. 
 Through the same distance a 1% solution of a given 
 color transmits light of half the intensity as through a 
 2% solution of the same color substance ; or to give a 
 color of the same intensity, light must pass through but 
 one half the distance in a 2% solution as in a 1% solution 
 of the same color substance. We have, therefore, simply 
 to arrange an apparatus that will lengthen or shorten 
 a column of liquid in order to increase or decrease at 
 will the intensity of the color, the light being transmitted 
 through the full length of the column. 
 Description of Colorimeter. 
 
 I. The Containers. 
 
 Two glass tubes 12 cm. long, and of at least 15/16 
 inches in diameter. With shorter diameters the 
 light reflected from the sides is confusing. 
 
 A polished crown-glass base for each tube. 
 Crown-glass transmits a pure ray of white light. 
 The base is ground so as to set into the tube giving 
 a better grib for the cement. 
 
 Both tubes are graduated in centimeters, beginning 
 at the level of the inner surface of the base, from 
 one to ten inclusive, each centimeter being sub- 
 divided into quarters. 
 
 II. The Holders and Reflector. 
 
 Two brass tubes into which each container can 
 slip easily, act as supports and shut out the side 
 lights. The tubes are threaded perpendicularly close 
 together into a common base, the base of each tube 
 being open so as to allow the light to be transmitted 
 
$rt?e Cssfap 63 
 
 the full length, but with a diameter just small enough 
 to support each container as it is slipped in, thus 
 preventing the container from slipping through. 
 
 A white enameled reflector at an angle of 45° 
 allows a bright light to enter the base of the tubes 
 and gives a white background for the color. 
 
 The black lines on the reflector give the observer 
 an object to focus on as at first the different heights 
 of the two columns of liquid may be confusing, and 
 they also help in judging the intensity of the color. 
 
 III. The pipet is simply a tube 12 cm. or more in 
 length with a small bulb attached. With this the 
 fluid in the tubes can be raised or lowered at will. 
 It is bent at right angles at the 12 cm. point so that 
 bulb will not be in the line of light. 
 
 Directions for using colorimeter. 
 
 Take about 40 c.c. of the standard solution I, and 
 add to it, drop by drop, sufficient of the standard 
 solution II to bring about the maximum color, stir- 
 ring solution at least half a minute after last drop, 
 to insure that the reaction has been completed. 
 
 Fill one of the containers up to the 5 c.c. mark with 
 this solution and place container in the stand, pre- 
 ferably in the left hand tube. 
 
 Treat the specimen of urine as directed previously 
 with the ferric chloride, sol. II, and filter. A drop 
 more ferric chloride will insure complete reaction. 
 Fill the second container up to the 10 c.c. mark with 
 the filtered specimen and place the container in the 
 right hand tube of the stand. 
 
 Arrange reflector so as to get the maximum light 
 and compare the intensity of the colors. If the 
 specimen on the right is darker than the standard, 
 draw it off with the pipett until the two match 
 
64 $rt?e €*siap 
 
 exactly. If the specimen is lighter, lower the 
 standard with the pipett until the two match. 
 
 Having matched the tubes exactly, take out both 
 containers and read the heights. For convenience 
 we will call the 1 to 1,000 aceto acetic ester solution 
 1, and make the readings of the diacetic acid in the 
 specimen of urine in terms of the standard, thus the 
 index per thousand c.c. of a specimen whose color, 
 density and height of column in the scale were the 
 same as that of the standard, would be 1. We have, 
 therefore, an inverse proportion between the lengths 
 of the columns of the two solutions on the scales, and 
 the amount of color substance in the solutions, and 
 knowing three of these quantities we can easily find 
 the fourth. If "A" is the height of the standard on 
 the scale, "B" the height of the specimen, "1" the 
 index of the standard and x the index of the 
 specimen, then j • x = B -A 
 
 The acidosis index per letter then is -g- and for 
 
 24 hours -3- multiplied by the letters passed in 24 
 
 hours. 
 
 Hypothetical Case. 
 
 If patient passes 5 leters in 24 hours, and the 
 height of the standard is 5, and the height of the 
 specimen is 2.5, then 
 
 x = Y5 — 2. Acidosis index per letter. 
 5x = 10. Acidosis index per 24 hours. 
 
 How helpful this method can be to one following 
 a case with acidosis is easily seen, and its simplicity 
 brings it within the reach of all. With such a method 
 the progress of the case can be satisfactorily and 
 
$ri?e Csteap 
 
 65 
 
 scientifically followed, determination being made 
 even while the patient is in the office without waiting 
 for a complicated laboratory report from some 
 distant laboratory. In hospital work, having once 
 been checked up by an ammonia determination, or 
 by one of the other methods, daily estimations may 
 be made by the intern which will be of great help to 
 the visiting staff who know what laboratory delay is 
 where frequent long analyses are called for. 
 
 The following chart shows the acidosis index of a 
 case of long standing diabetes mellitus, who, under 
 treatment, has gained weight and shows marked 
 improvement. From the time the patient came under 
 observation acetone and diacetic acid have been pres- 
 ent in the urine. The chart shows a probable acido- 
 sis tolerance ranging between 10 and 15 in 24 hours. 
 The fact that it is fairly constant and that the patient 
 is improving shows that no special treatment for the 
 acidosis is necessary. 
 
 WW 
 
 --_.fi 
 
 The colorimeter was developed primarily for work 
 with cases showing diacetic acid in the urine. The prin- 
 
66 $rne CtfSap 
 
 < - - " - 
 
 ciple can be applied, however, to any quantitative esti- 
 mation where color comparison is used, provided a 
 suitable standard can be found. In the lunctional kidney 
 tests, using a known dilution of the dye as a standard, 
 the percentage excreted in the urine can easily be deter- 
 mined by this method. 
 
 Because I have found in my limited experience that 
 this colorimeter has been a great help in certain cases, 
 and because it will fill a place in the laboratory of the 
 general practitioner which has long been neglected, I 
 have taken this opportunity to bring it before the pro- 
 fession, hoping that some, at least, may find it helpful 
 in their work, making the treatment of such cases as 
 diabetes mellitus more scientific and more satisfactory. 
 
 References 
 T. S. Hart, Archives of Internal Medicine. Vol. I and 
 Vol. VII. 
 
 R. W. Wood, Optics. 
 
 E. C. C. Baily, Stectroscopy. 
 
 Von Norden, Newer Aspects of Diabetes. 
 
 Osier's Modern Medicine. 
 
 A. M. MEADS, M. D., 
 
 Bellevue Hospital, 
 July, 1910-July, 1912. 
 
%xm Cstfap 
 
 67 
 
 CO NT* IN6R. 
 
 STANO 
 
 t— , 
 
 1— J 
 »-- 
 
 v P 
 
 
 ■fc * 
 
 * "itt. * 
 
 E± 
 
 <SSSS 5SS SS SSSSSSSSSSS5S 
 
 PlPtT 
 
Constitution anb ^p=£atos( 
 
Constitution 71 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Name and Objects of the Society. 
 
 Section 1. The name of this society shall be: The 
 Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital? 
 
 Section 2. The object of the society shall be : 
 
 First. The cultivation and advancement of medicine 
 and surgery. 
 
 Second. The promotion of social intercourse among 
 its members. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Members of the Society. 
 
 Section 1. The Society shall be composed of five 
 
 classes of members, to be designated (1) active members; 
 
 (2) associate members; (3) Emeritus Members; (4) 
 
 permanent associate members and (5) honorary members. 
 
 Section 2. The active members shall be selected from 
 ex-house physicians, surgeons and gynaecologists of Belle- 
 vue Hospital, each of whom shall have received a di- 
 ploma from the Medical Board of the hospital. They 
 shall be designated as resident active members and non- 
 resident active members, the latter residing out of the city 
 of New York. 
 
 Section 3. The associate members shall consist of the 
 two senior members of the medical, surgical and gynae- 
 cological services of each division of the house staff, on 
 actual duty at Bellevue Hospital. 
 
72 Constitution 
 
 Section 4. The Emeritus members shall be selected 
 from members of the Society who have served as active 
 members for twenty or more years. Proposal and 
 election to Emeritus membership shall take the course 
 prescribed in Article 2, Section 2 for election to Active 
 Membership. Emeritus Members shall have all the 
 privileges of Active Members and they shall be exempt 
 from the payment of dues. 
 
 Section 5. The permanent associate members shall 
 be selected from : members of the Medical Board of 
 Bellevue Hospital who have served in this capacity for at 
 least five years, but who have not served on the House 
 Staff, ex-externes of Bellevue Hospital, each of whom 
 shall have received a certificate or a diploma from the 
 Medical Board of the hospital. They shall have all the 
 privileges of active members except the right to vote. 
 
 Section 6. The honorary members shall be selected 
 from physicians or surgeons of eminence, who have not 
 served on the staff at Bellevue Hospital, but are or have 
 been identified with hospital work in other States or coun- 
 tries. Honorary members shall have all privileges of 
 active members, except the right to vote, and they shall 
 be exempt from the payment of dues. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Officers and Committees. 
 Section 1. The officers of the society shall be a Pres- 
 ident, a Vice-President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and an 
 Historian. These officers shall serve for one year. 
 
 Section 2. The committees shall be: three standing 
 committees and a general council. 
 
 Section 3. The standing committees shall be : a com- 
 mittee on new members; a committee on science, and a 
 
Constitution 
 
 committee on entertainment. These committees shall 
 serve for one year. 
 
 Section 4. The special committees shall be : a com- 
 mittee on nominations ; and such other committees as may 
 "be required for the investigation of scientific and other 
 questions. 
 
 Section 5. The general council shall be composed of 
 the titular officers and of the three standing committees. 
 
 Section 6. The Historian shall compile for the Year- 
 Book of each year, a record of such events of the society 
 as may be of general interest; he shall prepare for pub- 
 lication in the Year-Book a biography of those members 
 who may have died during any current year; and shall 
 perform such other similar duties as may be designated 
 by the society. ARTJCLE {y 
 
 Amendments to the Constitution. 
 
 Section 1. No part of this constitution shall be 
 amended or altered, and no addition shall be made thereto, 
 except at a stated meeting of the society, after due notice 
 of such amendments, alterations, or addition shall have 
 been given in writing by an active member at preceding 
 stated meeting, and then only by a vote of two-thirds of 
 the active members present. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 Enactment of the Constitution. 
 
 Section 1. All sections or parts of sections of the 
 prior constitution and by-laws, and all declarations or 
 resolutions not in harmony with this amended constitu- 
 tion, are hereby repealed. 
 
 Section 2. This constitution shall go into effect im- 
 mediately. 
 
74 Pp=Hatoa 
 
 BY-LAWS 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Meetings of the Society. 
 
 Section 1. Stated meetings shall be held on the first 
 Wednesday of each month, except the months of July, 
 August and September. The hour of meeting shall be 
 8.30 P. M., and the place of meeting shall be selected by 
 the joint action of the three standing committees, subject 
 to the approval of the society. 
 
 Section 2. Special meetings shall be called by the 
 President at the written request of five active members, 
 who shall state distinctly the object or objects of such 
 meetings, at which, however, in each case, no business 
 other than that indicated in the announcement shall be 
 transacted. 
 
 Section 3. Bach stated meeting shall consist of a 
 scientific session, an executive session and a social session. 
 
 Section 4. Fifteen active members shall constitute 
 a quorum for the transaction of business in the executive 
 session of a stated meeting. 
 
 Section 5. Roberts' Rules of Order shall be the guide 
 for parliamentary procedure in this society. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Proposal and Election of Members. 
 
 Section 1. Proposal for active, permanent associate, 
 or honorary membership shall be made at no other than a 
 stated meeting, in writing, and signed by two — and in 
 the case of honorary membership by three — active 
 members. 
 
Pp=£ato* 75 
 
 Section 2. All names proposed for active and per- 
 manent associate membership shall be referred to the 
 committee on new members. At the next stated meeting, 
 the committee shall report the names of candidates which 
 it recommends for election and they shall be elected by 
 ballot. If five votes be cast against a candidate, he shall 
 be declared not elected. 
 
 Section 3. Honorary members shall be elected by 
 ballot on the same conditions as other members, except 
 that their proposal shall be signed by three active mem- 
 bers, that they shall be unanimously recommended by the 
 committee on new members, and that they shall be ex- 
 empt from the payment of dues. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Nomination and Election of Officers and Committees. 
 
 Section 1. A nominating committee of five active 
 members shall be elected by the society during the execu- 
 tive session of the stated meeting in November. It shall 
 be the duty of this committee to make up a ticket of the 
 names of such active members as it recommends to fill the 
 several offices and standing committees, and forward it, at 
 least ten days before the next meeting, to the Secretary, 
 who shall send a copy to each member. 
 
 Section 2. The election of officers and standing com- 
 mittees shall be held at the December stated meeting. The 
 names of all candidates recommended by the Nominating 
 Committee shall be upon a single ballot. A majority vote 
 shall decide the election of a candidate. 
 
 Section 3. The installation of the elected officers and 
 standing committees shall take place at the January meet- 
 ing when the president shall deliver an address. 
 
76 Pp=HatoS 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Duties of the officers. 
 
 Section 1. The President shall preside at the meet- 
 ings of the society, give a casting vote when necessary, 
 appoint annually a committee of three active members to 
 audit the treasurer's accounts, appoint all special com- 
 mittees, except the nominating committee, and perform 
 such other duties as parliamentary usage requires. He 
 shall be the chairman of the committee on science. 
 
 Section 2. The Vice-President, in the absence of the 
 President, shall perform the duties of the President. He 
 shall be the chairman of the committee on entertainment. 
 
 Section 3. The Secretary shall keep a record of the 
 proceedings of the society; shall have charge of all the 
 society's property, not specified elsewhere ; shall send 
 notices to all members at least four days before the date 
 of each meeting, giving the titles of papers to be read, and 
 of other presentations, with the names of their authors ; 
 shall cause to be printed in these notices the names of 
 candidates for membership ; and shall perform such other 
 duties as may be designated by the society. 
 
 Section 4. The Treasurer shall collect and receive 
 all duties and gifts ; shall have charge of the society's 
 money; shall make all necessary disbursements; shall 
 make a detailed report, in writing, of the condition of 
 the society's exchequer, at the stated meeting in January 
 for the preceding year and a semi-annual report at the 
 stated meeting in June ; and shall perform such other 
 duties as may be designated by the society. 
 
 Section 5. The Treasurer shall deposit the society's 
 money in a bank designated by the action of general coun- 
 
cil. All cheques or money-orders given by the treasurer 
 shall be countersigned by the president of the society. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 The Standing Committees. 
 Section 1. The committee on new members shall con- 
 sist of five active members. This committee shall ex- 
 amine the credentials, and inquire into the standing of 
 candidates for membership ; shall report the names 
 of such candidates only whose record is satisfactory; and 
 send these names to the secretary of the society ten days 
 prior to the meeting at which the election of new members 
 shall be held. 
 
 Section 2. The committee on science shall consist of 
 the president and two other members. This committee 
 shall make all arrangements for the scientific session of 
 each meeting, and shall send to the secretary the titles 
 of all papers to be read, and of other communications to 
 be made, together with the names of the authors, at least 
 ten days before each meeting. The committee with the 
 assistance of the secretary and treasurer, shall have 
 charge of the publication of the society's transactions. 
 
 Section 3. The committee on entertainment shall con- 
 sist of the vice-president and two other members. This 
 committee shall make all arrangements for the social 
 entertainment of the society, subject to its approval. 
 
 Section 4. The general council shall assemble, at such 
 times as may be deemed necessary by its chairman, for 
 the purpose of conferring on questions pertaining to the 
 admission of new members, to scientific contributions, to 
 the entertainments, to the advancement of the society, and 
 to such other questions as may be referred to this coun- 
 cil by the society. 
 
78 $p=ilatoS 
 
 Section 5. The president of the society shall be the 
 chairman of the general council. The secretary shall be 
 the secretary of the general council. The secretary and 
 treasurer shall each keep a register of the society's mem- 
 bership. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 Dues and Penalties. 
 
 Section 1. The dues of resident active members shall 
 be ten dollars a year, payable at or before January 1st, 
 each year. New members shall pay their dues 
 at or before the second stated meeting after their election, 
 and shall be allowed a rebate of one dolllar for each stated 
 meeting held since the preceding January up to and in- 
 cluding that of their election. 
 
 Section 2. The dues of non-resident active members 
 (residing out of the city of New York) shall be three 
 dollars a year, payable at or before January 1st, each year. 
 
 Section 3. Resident active members who shall have 
 changed their place of abode and practice to towns be- 
 yond the city of New York, shall, on notifying the secre- 
 tary to that effect, thereby become non-resident active 
 members, and their annual dues shall be three dollars. 
 
 Section 4. Emeritus and associate members shall be 
 exempt from dues. 
 
 Section 5. The dues of permanent associate members 
 shall be eight dollars a year, payable on or before January 
 1st, each year, if the permanent associate members live 
 outside of New York City, his dues shall be three dollars 
 per year. 
 
 Section 6. Any member in arrears for six months 
 shall be suspended until his dues are paid. The name of 
 
Pp=Hatog 79 
 
 any member in arrears for two years shall be dropped 
 from the roll. He may, however, have it restored by pay- 
 ing all arrears of dues up to date, and by a two-thirds 
 vote of the active members present at a stated meeting. 
 
 Section 7. The treasurer shall notify a member in 
 arrears at least one month before the time at which he 
 is liable to be suspended, or to have his name dropped 
 from the roll. 
 
 Section 8. All notices to members shall be sent by 
 mail, prepaid, and directed to their residences or offices. 
 Such mailing shall be presumptive evidence of the due 
 service of notices. 
 
 Section 9. Members shall be allowed to introduce 
 guests at the meetings of the society, subject to the ap- 
 proval of the committee on entertainment. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 Discipline of Members. 
 
 Section 1. The kind of discipline, beyond the drop- 
 ping of names for non-payment of dues, shall be censure, 
 suspension, or expulsion from the society, but no member 
 shall be expelled, except by a vote of three-fourths of 
 the active members present. 
 
 Section 2. // at any time cltarges be preferred against 
 a member, the case shall be referred to the three standing 
 committees which jointly shall constitute the committee 
 on discipline, with the secretary of the society as recorder, 
 and shall investigate the charges and report the result 
 to the society for action. 
 
 Section 3. The president of the society shall be the 
 chairman of the committee on discipline, and the secre- 
 
8o pp=itato£i 
 
 tary of the society shall be the recorder of its proceedings 
 and shall report to the society the finding of the commit- 
 tee, in each case, with such details as may be necessary. 
 The chairman shall be empowered to appoint an active 
 member of the society as special council of the committee. 
 
 Section 4. All charges against a member shall be 
 made in writing, signed by the accuser, inclosed in a 
 sealed wrapper, indorsed "charges against a member," 
 and sent to the secretary of the society, who shall forward 
 the document to the committee on discipline. 
 
 Section 5. The committee on discipline, in investi- 
 gating charges against a member, shall summon both the 
 accuser and the accused to appear ,in order that the de- 
 fense as well as the prosecution be heard, and a copy of 
 the charges shall, at the same time, be sent to the accused. 
 If the accuser refuses to appear, the case shall be dis- 
 missed, but if the accused refuses to appear, the case shall 
 proceed, and this refusal to appear shall be noted in the 
 committee's report, which shall be made at the earliest 
 stated meeting of the society. The accused and accuser 
 shall be entitled each to select an active member to act as 
 
 counsel. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 Order of Business and Discussion. 
 
 Section 1. The order of business at stated meetings 
 shall be as follows : 
 
 I. Scientific Session. 
 
 1. Calling the meeting to order by the presiding 
 
 officer. 
 
 2. Installation of the president-elect, and of the stand- 
 
 ing committees. In January. 
 
Pp*£atos; 8 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 3. President's address. In January. 
 4.* Presentation of cases. 
 
 5. Report of cases. 
 
 6. Presentation of specimens, apparatus, and instru- 
 
 ments. 
 
 7. Reading and discussion of papers. 
 
 II. Executive Session. 
 
 1. Reading of the minutes of the previous meeting. 
 
 2. Reports of officers and standing committees. 
 
 3. Election of new members. 
 
 4. Election of the nominating committee. In Novem- 
 
 ber. 
 
 5. Election of officers and standing committees. In 
 
 December. 
 
 6. Unfinished business. 
 
 7. Miscellaneous business. 
 
 III. Social Session. 
 
 This order of business may be changed at any session 
 by a majority vote of the society. 
 
 Section 2. The Limit of discussion for each member 
 shall be ten minutes, except in the case of the reader of 
 a paper, who shall be allowed twenty minutes to defend 
 his thesis and close the discussion. 
 
 Section 3. No member shall be allowed to speak 
 more than twice on the same subject. 
 
82 ^p=3Latotf 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 Amendments to the By-Laws. 
 
 Section 1. No part of these by-laws shall be amended 
 or altered, no addition shall be made thereto, and they 
 shall not be suspended, except at a stated meeting of the 
 society, after due notice of such amendment, altera- 
 tion, addition or suspension shall have been given in 
 writing by an active member at a preceding stated meet- 
 ing, and then only by a vote of two-thirds of the active 
 members present. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 Enactment of the By-Laws. 
 
 Section 1. All sections or parts of sections of the 
 prior by-laws and constitution, and all declarations or 
 resolutions not in harmony with these amended by-laws 
 are hereby repealed. 
 
 Section 2. These by-laws shall go into effect immed- 
 iately. 
 
Eoster 
 
Jflemfcers 87 
 
 RESIDENT ACTIVE MEMBERS 
 A 
 
 Abbott, Theodore Jacob 113 East 78th St., New York 
 
 4th Medical, July 1, 1902 
 
 Anderson, Robert Burns 703 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn 
 
 1st Surgical, July 1, 1901 
 
 Anderton, William Bancroft 825 Madison Ave., New York 
 
 3rd Medical, October 1, 1881 
 
 Armstrong, Arthur Soper 185 East 71st St., " 
 
 2nd Gynaecological, December 31, 1906 
 
 Atkins, Richard Travis 37 East 30th St., 
 
 3rd Medical, July, 1908 
 
 B 
 
 Bacon, Gorham 47 West 54th St, New York 
 
 3rd Surgical, October 1, 1879 
 
 Bailey, Harold Capron 269 Lexington Ave., 
 
 2nd Gynaecological, January 1, 1906 
 
 Bangs, Lemuel Bolton 32 East 51st St., 
 
 3rd Medical, October 1, 1873 
 
 Barclay, Harold 68 East 56th St., 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1901 
 
 Barrows, Charles C 63 East 56th St., 
 
 4th Medical, October 1, 1881 
 
 Bensel, Walter 135 West 87th St., 
 
 4th Surgical, October 1, 1891 
 
 Biggs, George Patten 133 West 71st St., 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1891 
 
 Biggs, Hermann Michael 113 West 57th St., 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1884 
 
 Bishop, Ernest Simons 422 West End Ave., 
 
 2nd Gynaecological, July 1, 1910 
 
 Blackwell, Hugh B 148 West 58th St., 
 
 1st Surgical, July 1, 1905 
 
 Blakeslee, George Arthur 60 West 101st St., 
 
 3rd Medical, January 1, 1903 
 
88 iflember* 
 
 Boyd, Frank Robertson 21 West 130th St., New York 
 
 3rd Gynaecological, January 1, 1905 
 
 Braunlich, Arthur Richard 65 West 83rd St., " 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1896 
 
 Brill, Nathan Edwin 48 West 76th St, 
 
 2nd Medical, April 1, 1881 
 
 Bronson, Edward Bennett 10 West 49th St., 
 
 2nd Surgical, October 1, 1869 
 
 Brown, Richard Ewell Ill West 55th St., 
 
 2nd Medical, May 1, 1896 
 
 Brown, Samuel Albertus 165 West 58th St., " 
 
 2nd Medical, December 1, 1896 
 
 Bryant, Joseph Decatur 32 West 48th St., " 
 
 1st Surgical, March 1, 1871 
 
 Burke, Martin 147 Lexington Ave., 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1877 
 
 Burns, James Joseph 289 Alexander Ave., 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1904 
 
 Byington, Roderick 1840-84th St., Brooklyn 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1903 
 
 C 
 
 Caldwell, William Edgar 149 West 74th St., New York 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1907 
 
 Carlisle, Robert James 44 West 48th St., 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1886 
 
 Carlucci, Gaston A 1954 Crotona Parkway, Bronx, " 
 
 1st Surgical, January 1, 1911 
 
 Carter, William Wesley 69 West 50th St, 
 
 2nd Medical, December 1, 1897 
 
 Cash, Stanmore Langford 53 West 52nd St., 
 
 4th Surgical, January 1, 1903 
 
 Cassebeer, Henry Arthur 158 West 58th St., " 
 
 1st Medical, July 1, 1902 
 
 Chaffe, Amasa Day 45 West 50th St., 
 
 1st Medical, July 1, 1895 
 
 Chetwood, Charles H 25 Park Ave., 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1889 
 
iWemberg 89 
 
 Chisholm, William Alexander 62 West 53rd St., New York 
 
 3rd Surgical, October 1, 1898 
 
 Clark, F. C Quarantine, Staten Island, " 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1909 
 
 Cleaveland, Trumbull Williams. . . .218 West 59th St., 
 2nd Medical, April 15, 1886 
 
 Coakley, Cornelius Godfrey 53 West 56th St, 
 
 2nd Medical, October 1, 1888 
 
 Conley, Dudley Steele 342 West 56th St., 
 
 1st Surgical, January 1, 1909 
 
 Coryell, Clarence Catlin 560 West 180th St., 
 
 4th Medical, July 1, 1905 
 
 Cramp, Walter Concemore 349 West End Ave., 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1906 
 
 Crandall, Flovd Milford 113 West 95th St., 
 
 2nd Medical, October 1, 1885 
 
 Crary, George Waldo 125 East 56th St., 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1887 
 
 Crowe, Edwin R 200 Alexander Ave., 
 
 3rd Gynaecological, January 1, 1908 
 
 Cudmore, John Homer 216 East 39th St, 
 
 2nd Medical, July 1, 1907 
 
 Cutler, Condict Walker 135 West 76th St., 
 
 1st Medical, June 1, 1884 
 
 D 
 
 Daley, Robert Morris 43 East 27th St., New York 
 
 4th iMedical, July 1, 1898 
 
 Demnis, Frederick Shepard 542 Madison Ave., 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1876 
 
 Dixon, George Arthur 15 West 49th St, 
 
 4th Medical, April 1, 1879 
 
 Dow, Edmund LeRoy 49 West 57th St., 
 
 1st Medical, July 1, 1897 
 
 Drury, John Nelson 112 West 69th St, 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1, 1906 
 
90 JHemberg 
 
 Dunham, Theodore 48 East 63rd St., New York 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1890 
 
 Dunn, Thomas Joseph 2735 Webster Ave., 
 
 2nd Medical, October 1, 1889 
 
 E 
 
 Edgar, James Clifton 28 West 56th St., New York 
 
 2nd Medical, April 1, 1887 
 
 Edgerton, Francis Cruger 49 West 50th St., 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1900 
 
 Emerson, Haven 120 East 62nd St., 
 
 4th Medical, July 1, 1901 
 
 Erdmann, John Frederick 60 West 52nd St., " 
 
 3rd Surgical, October 1, 1888 
 
 Erdwurm, Frank 128 East 34th St., 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1906 
 
 Evans, Samuel 115 East 39th St., 
 
 4th Medical, June 1, 1899 
 
 F 
 
 Finch, Edward B 57 West 58th St., New York 
 
 4th Medical, May 1, 1896 
 
 Fleming, Mark L Bellevue Hospital, 
 
 2d Medical, July 1, 1903. 
 
 Flint, Austin, Jr 68 West 55th St, 
 
 3rd Medical, October 1, 1890 
 
 Foskett, Eben 121 West 73rd St., 
 
 2nd Medical, June 1, 1897 
 
 Frederickson, Victor 472 West End Ave, 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1904 
 
 French, John Herndon 43 West 51st St., " 
 
 4th Medical, October 1, 1885 
 
 Frink, Claude Augustine 457 West 144th St, 
 
 1st Surgical, July 1, 1904 
 
 Frink, Horace Westlake 1 West 83rd St, 
 
 2nd Surgical, 1907 
 
iHembersi 91 
 
 a 
 
 Garmany, Jasper Jewett 40 West 40th St., New York 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1883 
 
 Gillette, Curtenius 65 West 54th St, " 
 
 4th Medical, July 1, 1903 
 
 Goeller, Charles John 421 East 146th St., 
 
 3rd Gynaecological, July 1, 1907 
 
 Guile, Hubert Vivian 569 West End Ave., 
 
 4th Medical, January 1, 1909 
 
 H 
 
 Hall, John Mead. . 14 Central Park West, New York 
 
 2nd Surgical, June 1, 1906 
 
 Hamlen, George D 50 Central Park West, 
 
 2nd Medical, October 1, 1892 
 
 Harbeck, Charles John 306 Lexington Ave., 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1906 
 
 Hawks, Everett M 158 West 95th St., 
 
 1st Surgical, July 1, 1907 
 
 Haynes, Irving Samuel 107 West 85th St, 
 
 1st Surgical, October 1, 1888 
 
 Heitlinger, John Anthony 267 West 136th St, 
 
 3rd Medical, January 1, 1906 
 
 Herman, Henry 35 East 60th St, 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1885 
 
 Herrick, John Rutherford 151 West 72nd St . , 
 
 2nd Gynaecological 
 
 Hills, John Marshall Newburyport, Mass. 
 
 4th Medical, October, 1875 
 
 Hoag, Arthur Edmond 126 East 37th St, New York 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1910 
 
 Holbrook, Francis Roderick 104 West 74th St., 
 
 4th Surgical, January 1, 1908 
 
 Holcomb, Henry van V 163 East 71st St., 
 
 1st Surgical, January 1, 1906 
 
 Hollister, Frank Caulfield 264 West 77th St., 
 
 4th Medical, October 1, 1892 
 
92 jdlemfcertf 
 
 Hooker, Henry Lyman 50 East 34th St., New York 
 
 1st Surgical, June 1, 1906 
 
 Hope, George Bevan 159 West 72nd St, " 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1877 
 
 Hotchkiss, Lucius Wales 59 West 48th St., 
 
 2nd Surgical, January 1, 1886 
 
 Houghton, Hezekiah Seymour 301 West 88th St., 
 
 3rd Surgical, October 1, 1887 
 
 Hubbard, William Norris 180 West 59th St., 
 
 1st Medical, May 1, 1888 
 
 Humphreys, Gustavus Adolphus, 
 
 Hotel Endicott, Columbus Ave. and 81st St., 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1897 
 
 Hunt, James Peter 59 West 46th St., 
 
 3rd Medical, July 1, 1907 
 
 J 
 
 James, Robert Coleman 58 West 55th St., New York 
 
 2nd Medical, October 1, 1895 
 
 Jarvis, Nathan Sturges, Manhattan Club... Mad. Sq., 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1886 
 
 Jennings, David Dunlop Cor. 4th Ave. and 70th St., Brooklyn 
 
 1st Surgical, October 1, 1887 
 
 Joy, Homer Thrall 60 West 56th St, 
 
 1st Medical, 
 
 2nd Surgical, January 1, 1901 
 
 K 
 
 Kalish, Richard 36 West 47th St., New York 
 
 4th Surgical, October 1, 1877 
 
 Katzenbach, William Henry, 
 
 The Wyoming, 7th Ave. & 55th St., 
 2nd Medical, 1872 
 
 Keane, Arthur Gaetano Ill West 76th St., " 
 
 3rd Medical, July 1, 1902 
 
 Kearn, Thomas J 1490 Pacific St., Brooklyn 
 
 2nd Medical, July 1st, 1908 
 
 Kellogg, Edward Leland 48 West 51st St., 
 
 2nd Surgical, January 1, 1900 
 
fflzmbtvg 93. 
 
 L 
 
 Lambert, Alexander 36 East 31st St., New York 
 
 4th Medical, October 1, 1889 
 
 Lambert, Samuel Waldron 130 East 35th St., 
 
 1st Medical, December 1, 1886 
 
 Lancaster, Nathaniel Edgar 164 West 121st St, 
 
 3rd Gynaecological, July 1, 1906 
 
 Lauderdale, John Vance 84th St. & 2nd Ave., Brooklyn 
 
 2nd Surgical, April 1, 1864 
 
 Lee, George Boiling 30 West 59th St, New York 
 
 4th Medical, January 1, 1899 
 
 LeFevre, Egbert 40 West 72nd St, 
 
 2nd Medical, April 1, 1885 
 
 Leveridge, Silas P 277 East Broadway, 
 
 2nd Surgical, April 1st, 1880 
 
 Lewengood, Jacob 1118 Madison Ave., 
 
 3rd Medical, 1883 
 
 Lindsay, Gordon 1337 Seventy-first St., Brooklyn 
 
 1st Surgical, January 1, 1907 
 
 Lucus, Thomas D'Arcy 253 West 71st St, New York 
 
 4th Gynaecological, January 1, 1906 
 
 Lusk, William Chittenden 47 East 34th St, 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1895 
 
 M 
 
 MacKenzie, Luther Burres 62 West 53rd St., New York 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1, 1906 
 
 Mackenzie, David Wallace 55 Central Park West, 
 
 2nd Surgical, January 1, 1906 
 
 Macleod, William Preston 101 West 58th St, 
 
 4th Gynaecological, July 1, 1905 
 
 McAlpin, David Hunter 68 William St., 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1890 
 
 McCarthy, Joseph Francis 40 East 41st St, " 
 
 1st Surgical, July 1, 1903 
 
 McGrath, John Francis 131 East 30th St., 
 
 4th Gynaecological, July 1st, 1910 
 
94 fflzmbtvst 
 
 McLean, Stafford 776 Madison Ave., New York 
 
 1st Medical, July 1st, 1910 
 
 Milbank, Samuel 146 East 35th St, " 
 
 2nd Medical, January 1, 1906 
 
 Minor, Solomon Carrington 658 East 165th St., " 
 
 1st Surgical, October 1, 1893 
 
 Morris, Robert Tuttle 616 Madison Ave., 
 
 4th Surgical, June 1, 1884 
 
 Morrow, Albert Sidney 219 West 70th St., 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1903 
 
 N 
 
 Nagle, James Franklin 68 West 55th St., New York 
 
 3rd Medical, July 1, 1905 
 
 Niles, Walter Lindsay 55 East 76th St., " 
 
 2nd Medical, July 1, 1904 
 
 Norris, Henry Selden 10 West 49th St., 
 
 2nd Medical, October 1, 1877 
 
 Nutt, John Joseph 2020 Broadway, 
 
 1st Surgical, December 1, 1899 
 
 O 
 
 Oberndorf, C. P 249 West 74th St., New York 
 
 P 
 
 Pappenheimer, Alwin Max 309 West 99th St., New York 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1905 
 
 Parker, Ransom Joseph 155 Lexington Ave., 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1895 
 
 Pearson, Henry 719 Fifth Ave., 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1905 
 
 Pelton, Henry Hubbard 345 West 85th St., 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1901 
 
 Peters, John Dodge 126 East 64th St., 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1907 
 
 Phillips, Bruce Gretton 206 West 86th St., 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1, 1901 
 
 Pilcher, James Taft 145 Gates Ave., Brooklyn 
 
 4th Medical, 1909 
 
^Umbers; 95 
 
 Polk, William Mecklenburg 7 East 36th St., New York 
 
 3rd Medical, October 1, 1870 
 
 Porter, William Evelyn 149 West 73rd St. , 
 
 4th Medical, October 1, 1890 
 
 Potter, James Harry 520 West 143rd St., 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1902 
 
 Pulley, William Joseph 945 Madison Ave., 
 
 3rd Medical, January 1, 1892 
 
 Q 
 
 Quimby, Charles Eiihu 278 West 86th St., New York 
 
 2nd Surgical, October 1, 1879 
 
 R 
 
 Ray, Edgar T 351 West 145th St., New York 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1st, 1908 
 
 Rice, Frederick Walter 185 East 71st St., 
 
 4th Medical, January 1, 1909 
 
 Richards, John Harold 34 West 83rd St., 
 
 4th Gynaecological, January 1, 1906 
 
 Rimer, Edward Sherrard 
 
 91 Bard Ave., West New Brighton, S. I., 
 3rd Medical, July 1, 1906 
 
 Roberts, Dudley D 84 Remsen St., Brooklyn 
 
 1st Medical, July 1, 1900 
 
 Rogers, Lester Brooks 200 West 58th St., New York 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1907 
 
 Rosenbloom, Augustus Abraham.. 214 West 92nd St., 
 2nd Medical, January 1, 1905 
 
 Russell, Eugene F 560 West 161st St, 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1st, 1911 
 
 S 
 
 Sayre, Reginald Hall 9 East 45th St., New York 
 
 3rd Medical, October 1, 1883 
 
 Schneider, Louis Herman Augustus. .349 W. 22nd St., 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1891 
 3rd Gynaecological, January 1, 1910 
 
96 Jflemfcersi 
 
 Seabrook, Henry Hartshorne 118 East 72nd St., New York 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1883 
 
 Searing, Benjamin Hoff 167 West 81st St., 
 
 2nd Medical, July 1, 1905 
 
 Schmitt, Alexander Hunter 1089 Madison Ave., " 
 
 3rd Gynaecological, January 1st, 1910 
 
 Sellenings, Albert Eugene 104 East 31st St., " 
 
 4th Surgical, January 1, 1902 
 
 Shearer, Leander Howard 449 Park Ave., " 
 
 1st Medical, July 1, 1903 
 
 Silver, Henry Mann 5 East 43rd St., 
 
 3rd Surgical, October 1, 1876 
 
 Silver, Lewis Mann 103 West 72nd St., 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1887 
 
 Slade, Charles Blount 245 West 74th St, 
 
 3rd Medical, January 1, 1899 
 
 Slattery, George 523 West 112th St. 
 
 3rd Medical, July 1, 1911 
 
 Smith, Abram Alexander 18 West 51st St., 
 
 3rd Medical, October 1, 1872 
 
 Smith, Leroy James 127 West 69th St., 
 
 1st Medical, June 30, 1905 
 
 Smith, Thomas Allison 57 West 75th St, 
 
 4th Surgical, May 1, 1907 
 
 Spetnagel, John Madeira 460 East 138th St, 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1903 
 
 Stearns, Henry S 45 West 58th St, 
 
 1st Surgical, October 1, 1885 
 
 Steele, Harold J 282 Alexander Ave., 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1910 
 
 Stern, Abram Richard 44 West 87th St., 
 
 1st Medical, July 1, 1901 
 
 Steurer, John Adam 78 West 47th St, 
 
 1st Medical, October 1, 1874 
 
 Stewart, George David 61 West 50th St., 
 
 3rd Surgical, October 1, 1890 
 
Jflemberg 97 
 
 Stillman, Charles Kirkland 128 Lexington Ave., New York 
 
 4th Medical, January 1, 1907 
 
 Stilwell, John Edwin 9 West 49th St., 
 
 2nd Surgical, April 1, 1877 
 
 Stokes, Horace Sheldon 14 East 58th St, 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1895 
 
 Stone, William Fletcher 401 West End Ave., 
 
 1st Surgical, October 1, 1891 
 
 Strong, Cyrus John 11 East 48th St., 
 
 4th Medical, October 1, 1893 
 
 Studdiford, William Emery 124 East 36th St., 
 
 3rd Medical, January 1, 1893 
 
 Sturtevant, Mills 776 Madison Ave., 
 
 1st Medical, July 1st, 1909 
 
 Swift, George Montague 20 West 55th St., 
 
 4th Medical, April 1, 1881 
 
 Symonds, Brandeth, Mutual Life Bldg., 32 Nassau St., 
 4th Medical, 1886 
 
 Syms, Parker 540 Park Ave., 
 
 2nd Surgical, April 30, 1883 
 
 Terriberry, William Stoutenborough . . 57 W. 75th St., New York 
 4th Surgical, December 1, 1897 
 
 Thacher, Henry Clarke 20 West 50th St., 
 
 4th Medical, July 1, 1908 
 
 Thacher, John Seymour 20 West 50th St., 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1883 
 
 Townsend, Wisner Robinson 125 West 58th St., 
 
 2nd Surgical, October 1, 1881 
 
 Tryon, Sidney Burnett 104 East 31st St, 
 
 3rd Gynaecological, July 1, 1910 
 
 U 
 
 Urquhart, H. D 104 West 45th St., New York 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1, 1907 
 
98 Jfflemfcers 
 
 v 
 
 Vanderpoel, Waldron Burritt 37 West 76th St., New York 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1881 
 
 Van Loan, James Casper Plimpton. .351 West 46th St., 
 2nd Surgical, January 1, 1893 
 
 W 
 
 Walker, Henry Freeman 18 West 55th St., New York 
 
 2nd Medical, October 1, 1867 
 
 Warren, John 616 Madison Ave., 
 
 1st Medical, September 1, 1882 
 
 Waterman, James Sears 676 St. Mark's Ave., Brooklyn 
 
 1st Medical, April 1, 1891 
 
 Whitney, Chester F. S 256 West 97th St., New York 
 
 3rd Medical, July 1, 1901 
 
 Williams, Percy Herbert 249 West 72nd St., 
 
 2nd Surgical, January 1, 1904 
 
 Williamson, Harvey C 449 Park Ave., 
 
 3rd Medical, January 1st, 1911 
 
 Wilson, Robert Justice 549 Riverside Drive, 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1892 
 
 Winters, Joseph Edeil 25 West 37th St., 
 
 2nd Medical, October, 1875 
 
 Woodridge, James Clements , Address unknown 
 
 4th Surgical, January 1, 1909 
 
 Woodruff, Jr., Isaac Ogden 152 West 78th St., New York 
 
 1st Medical, July 1, 1906 
 
 Woodward, Julius Hayden 200 West 58th St, " 
 
 2nd Surgical, June 1, 1884 
 
 Wyckoff, James Henry, Jr 60 West 58th St., 
 
 3rd Medical, 1910 
 
 Wylie, Robert Hawthorne 72 West 52nd St., 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1886 
 
 Wylie, Walker Gill 28 West 40th St., 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1872 
 
 Z 
 
 Zerega di Zerega, Louis Augustus. .616 Madison Ave., New York 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1891 
 
illembers; 99 
 
 NON=RESIDENT ACTIVE MEMBERS 
 
 Aikman, John 37 Field St., Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 3rd Medical, July 1, 1910 
 
 Backhom, Henry Charles 182 Hunterdon St., Newark, N.J. 
 
 4th Gynaecological, July 1st, 1909 
 
 Baker, Davis 259 State St., Albany, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, January 1st, 1912 
 
 Banks, Clarence W 298 Main St., East Orange, N.J. 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1st, 1891 
 
 Beets, Harrison 11 West Radford St., Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1st, 1912 
 
 Benedict, Albert Newell 95 N. Broadway, Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1907 
 
 Betts, Harrison 11 West Radford St., Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1st, 1912 
 
 Beveridge, William W 1000 Grand Ave., Asbury Park, N.J. 
 
 3rd Medical, January 1, 1903 
 
 Bowman. J. Floyd 40 Union Ave., Irvington, N.J. 
 
 4th Surgical, January 1, 1907 
 
 Bradley, John Ruskin Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 
 
 2nd Surgical, January 1, 1910 
 
 Brodie, Robert Little 114 Rutledge Ave., Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Medical, January 1, 1853 
 
 Brooks, Paul Bellame Norwich, N. Y. 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1, 1905 
 
 Bryan, Robert Coalter Richmond, Va 
 
 1st Surgical, January 1, 1902 
 
 Bunker, Charles W. O U. S. N., Washington, D. C 
 
 4th Gynaecological, July 1, 1907 
 
 Carter, Charles Edgerton, 
 
 703 Boston Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 2nd Medical, July 1, 1901 
 Chandler, William Jessup South Orange, N. J. 
 
 2nd Medical, April 1, 1869 
 Cheesman, Timothy Matlock Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
 
 3rd Surgical, September 1, 1879 
 
 Christian, Frank Lamar State Reformatory, Elmira, N. Y. 
 
 1st Surgical, January 1, 1901 
 
ioo ffltmbtv& 
 
 Coleman, Robert Milligan. . .208 Trust Building, Lexington, Ky. 
 4th Gynaecological, January 1, 1905 
 
 Cooke, Almon Haven 411 Ashland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1894 
 
 Coombs, George H Waldoboro, Me. 
 
 1st Surgical, April 1, 1888 
 
 Corwin, Fred Miller < . .696 Ave. C, Bayonne, N. J. 
 
 3rd Medical, October 1, 1882 
 
 Cuddeback, Edgar Gordon 48 Sussex St., Port Jarvis, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1st, 1908 
 
 Danforth, Edward Bainbridge, N. Y. 
 
 4th Medical, January 1, 1905 
 
 Denton, John Fletcher 403 Century Building, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 3rd Gynaecological, January 1st, 1906 
 
 DeWolf, Harold The Glen Springs, Watkins Glen, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Medical, July 1st, 1910 
 
 Emory, George Bache 31 Lincoln Park, Newark, N. J. 
 
 4th Medical, January 1, 1907 
 
 Enders, Thomas Burnham Moank, Conn. 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1893 
 
 Erler, Eugene William 119 North 5th St., Newark, N. J. 
 
 4th Gynaecological, January 1, 1909 
 
 Flanders, Alton Leroy 1996 Columbus Ave., Boston, Mass. 
 
 1st Surgical, November 1, 1895 
 
 Fort, Jay Irving 137 Roseville Ave., Newark, N.J. 
 
 4th Surgical, June 1, 1910 
 
 Garner, Clarence Howard Providence, R. L 
 
 1st Surgical, October 1, 1886 
 
 Gesler, George Merril 28 Draper Place, Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1909 
 
 Getty, Samuel E 87 N. Broadway, Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 1st Surgical, October 1, 1894 
 
 Gibson, Walter Campbell 258 Genessee St., Utica, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Medical, 1893 
 
 Goodman, A. Rotild, Esq. .Prubla Y, Cetdoba, No. 108, Mex. City 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1897 
 
iflemberg 101 
 
 Gorgas, William Crawford 
 
 Brig. -Gen., Sur.-Gen., Med. Dept., U. S. A. 
 Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama 
 2nd Surgical, April 1, 1880 
 
 Gorton, James Treat 181 Park Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 4th Medical, January 1, 1903 
 
 Graefe, Henry, Jr Sandusky, Ohio 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1911 
 
 Griffith, Jefferson Davis Rialto Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 3rd Surgical, October 1, 1873 
 
 Gwathney, Lomax Norfolk, Va. 
 
 4th Medical, April 1, 1892 
 
 Hackett, James Hugh 1133 Wells Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 1st Surgical, July 1, 1896 
 
 Hagerty, John Francis 297 Central Ave., Newark, N. J. 
 
 1st Surgical, April 1, 1894 
 
 Hardenbergh, Daniel Bailey 7 Orchard St., Middletown, N. Y. 
 
 4th Medical, April 1, 1893 
 
 Howell, John T 205 Grand St., Newburgh, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, December 1, 1886 
 
 Hoyt, Alpheus Whiting.. 313 Hugenot St, New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 1st Surgical, December 1, 1897 
 
 Hyde, Oliver Thomson Silver City, New Mexico 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1903 
 
 Jackson, Charles Warren Watertown, Conn. 
 
 1st Surgical, April 1, 1889 
 
 Jones, Herbert 146 South James St., Hamilton, Ont, Canada 
 
 4th Medical, July 1st, 1911 
 
 Keefe, John W 259 Benefit St, Providence, R. I. 
 
 1st Surgical, April 1, 1886 
 
 Kempf, Frederick M 250 Genessee St., Utica, N. Y. 
 
 3rd Medical, 1908 
 
 Kinnaird, Thomas Hayes 34 North Upper St., Lexington, Ky. 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1883 
 
 Knight, Charles Asher 1028 Main St, Peekskill, N. Y. 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1892 
 
 Lange, Louis Charles 289 Summit Ave., West Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 3d Surgical, July 1, 1910 
 
io2 Mtmbtvft 
 
 Love, Alfred Wanzer 221 Broad St., Providence, R. I. 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1903 
 
 Lowthian, Walter Edw., 47 Mamaroneck Ave., White Plains, N.Y. 
 2nd Medical, July 1, 1909 
 
 Mabey, J. Corwin, Claremont & Midland Aves., Montclair, N. J. 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1907 
 
 Magill, William Henry 118 Broad St., Providence, R. I. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1905 
 
 Magnin, Ami Jacque 121 Boulevard Haussman, Paris, France 
 
 2nd Surgical, October 1, 1882 
 
 McLaren, William Stevenson Princeton, N. J. 
 
 4th Medical, April 1, 1891 
 
 McNabb, Duncan Stewart Calgary, Alberta, Canada 
 
 3d Medical, July 1, 1909 
 
 McSweeny, Edward Shearman Dongan Hills, S. I., N. Y. 
 
 4th Surgical, January 1, 1900 
 
 Miller, Frederick Mason 143 Court St., Binghamton, N. Y. 
 
 1st Surgical, June 1, 1898 
 
 Mitchell, Lucian Bayard i Tampa, Florida 
 
 3rd Gynsecological, July 1, 1908 
 
 Mullins, Samuel Frederick 17 West St., Danbury, Conn. 
 
 3rd Gynaecological, July 1, 1909 
 
 Nelden, Harry Holcombe Stanhope, N. J. 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1893 
 
 Newman, Leander Allison. .Port Washington, Long Island, N. Y. 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1910 
 
 Olds, Frank Williams Box 237, Williamstown, Mass. 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1882 
 
 Owsley, Harry F 42 Market St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, January 1, 1899 
 
 Peck, Morton Roberts . . P. O. Box 40, Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
 4th Surgical, October 1st, 1890 
 
 Phillips, Daniel Russell Leavenworth, Kan. 
 
 4th Surgical, April 1, 1889 
 
 Pierce, Charles Edwin Savings Bank Bldg., Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1, 1899 
 
 Pilgrim, Charles Winfield 
 
 Med. Supt State H. R. Hosp., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
 2nd Medical, April 1, 1882 
 
jHembers io- 
 
 Pinkerton, Samuel H Salt Lake City, Utah 
 
 3d Surgical, 1885 
 
 Pomeroy, Nelson A 76 Centre St., Waterbury, Conn 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1899 
 
 Pooley, Jr., Thomas Reckett Newtown, N. J. 
 
 2nd Medical, January 1, 1910 
 
 Preston, Albert W 3 Orchard St., Middletown, N. Y. 
 
 4th Surgical, July 1, 1898 
 
 Probasco, Norman H 621 Park Ave., Plainfield, N. J. 
 
 4th Medical, July 1, 1900 
 
 Reed, Jr., James Erwin 702 Union St., Schenectady, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Gynaecological, January 1, 1909 
 
 Richards, Ralph Taylor 
 
 1111-17 Walker Bank Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 4th Surgical, January 1, 1906 
 
 Robertson, William D 240 S. 5th Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 
 
 3rd Surgical, January 1, 1900 
 
 Satchwell, Henry H 99 Frederick St., Newark, N. J. 
 
 3rd Medical, January 1, 1906 
 
 Scott, John William 164 Market St., Lexington, Ky. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1898 
 
 Shaw, William Connor 909 Wylie Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 2nd Surgical, October 1, 1874 
 
 Sherman, Harry Mitchell. . .2125 Jackson St., San Francisco, CaL 
 3rd Surgical, October 1, 1881 
 
 Sherwood, Marcel Wesley Temple, Texas 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1st, 1908 
 
 Simmons, Albert, Van der Veer. .30 Headly Ter., Irvington, N. J. 
 3rd Surgical, July 1, 1909 
 
 Stone, William Metcalf 63 Jamaica St., Flushing, N. Y. 
 
 4th Medical, January 1, 1900 
 
 Teeter, Charles E 418 Orange St., Newark, N. J. 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1895 
 
 Teeter, John Nelson Englewood, N. J. 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1894 
 
 Thomsen, George William Montego Bay, Jamaica, West Indies 
 
 3rd Medical, October, 1903 
 
io4 jHemberg 
 
 Towlerton, Charles H 64 William St, Lyons, N Y. 
 
 2nd Medical, October 1, 1891 
 
 Townsend, Charles Emerson 231 Liberty St., Newburgh, N. Y. 
 
 4th Medical, October 1, 1893 
 
 Train, John K 3 Park Ave., Savannah, Ga. 
 
 1st Surgical, January 1, 1903 
 
 Tweddell, Francis 15 Norwood Ave., Summit, N. J. 
 
 1st Medical, January 1, 1909 
 
 Vandermoff, Irving Masten 59 S. 10th St., Newark, N. J. 
 
 3rd Surgical, July 1, 1907 
 
 Vose, Royden Manderville 116 E. Seneca St., Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1904 
 
 Waring, Thomas Pinckney 10 Taylor St., Savannah, Ga. 
 
 1st Medical, June 1, 1894 
 
 Warr, Otis Sumter 930 Exchange Bldg., Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 4th Medical, July 1, 1910 
 
 Wheeler, David E 519 Franklin Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July 1, 1900 
 
 Williams, David Hill Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 3rd Medical, October 1, 1889 
 
 Williams, Horace Newell 196 Broadway, Providence, R. I. 
 
 3rd Surgical, April 1, 1884 
 
 Wood, Walter Childs New Canaan, Conn. 
 
 2nd Surgical, October, 1890 
 
 Wynkoop, Jr., Henry John Bath, N. Y. 
 
 1st Surgical, June 1, 1900 
 
 Young, Charles 23 East Kinney St., Newark, N. J. 
 
 3rd Medical, April 1, 1868 
 
 Zehnder, Anthony Charles 180 Fairmont Ave., Newark, N. J. 
 
 2nd Surgical, July, 1909 
 
 EMERITUS MEMBERS 
 
 Gouley, John William Severin. . .1125 Madison Ave., New York 
 1st Medical, April 1st, 1854 
 
 Gwyer, Fred Walker Lincoln Hospital, " 
 
 1st Surgical, April 1st, 1885 
 
Jflemberg 105 
 
 PERMANENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS 
 
 Bandler, Clarence Garfield 241 West 102d St., New York 
 
 Bissell, Joseph Biddleman 46 West 55th St, 
 
 Branan, John W 11 West 12th St., 
 
 Cossitt, Harry Austin 146 West 70th St., 
 
 Fisher, Edward D 19 West 52nd St., 
 
 Fitch, Allen 38 West 56th St., 
 
 Hartwell, John A 27 East 63rd St., 
 
 Hoag, Ward Bryant 126 West 81st St, 
 
 Jackson, Frank W 555 Madison Ave., 
 
 Jennings, Walter Barry 140 Wadsworth Ave., 
 
 Koles, Henry Mark 44 West 92nd St., 
 
 Lockwood, George Roe 18 East 52nd St., 
 
 Nammack, Charles E 42 East 29th St., 
 
 Packer, Flavius West Hill, Riverdale, 
 
 Robertson, Frank W 411 West End Ave., 
 
 Thompson, W. Gilman 34 East 31st St, 
 
 Walker, John Baldwin 50 East 34th St., 
 
 Wildman, H. Valentine 108 West 94th St., 
 
 Woolsey, George 117 East 36th St., 
 
 Terriberry, William Kenney 129 West 47th St., 
 
 NON-RESIDENT PERMANENT ASSOCIATE 
 MEMBERS 
 
 Potts, George Walter 903 Grand Ave., Asbury Park, N. J. 
 
 Von Wedel, Curt Otto, Jr. 514 Colored Bldg., Oklahoma City, Okl 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS 
 
 Councilman, William T., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Mayo, William J Rochester, Minn 
 
 Osier, Sir William Oxford University, England 
 
io6 
 
 gs&oriate Jflemfcertf 
 
 1st Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 2nd Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 3rd Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 4th Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 
 1st Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 2nd Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 3rd Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 4th Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 
 1st Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 2nd Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 3rd Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 4th Division. 
 
 Medical, 
 
 Surgical, 
 
 Gynaecological, 
 
 July 1, 1913 to January 1, 1914 
 
 House, H. Halstead 
 House, W. H. Hawkins 
 
 House, E. Stillman 
 House, E. Boehm 
 House, E. W. Phillips 
 
 House, J. T. Shea 
 House, A. Lauer 
 House, H.I. Cook 
 
 Senior, R. A. Jamison 
 Senior, A. B. Le Mesurier 
 
 Senior, T. F. Mead 
 Senior, J. E. Ray 
 Senior, G. C. Payne 
 
 Senior, C. J. Tyson 
 Senior, H. C. Russell 
 Senior, B. P. Willis 
 
 House, A. Krida Senior, J. W. Bruce 
 
 House, J. L. Waterman Senior, T. F. Cahill 
 House, F. R. De Jesus Senior, J. T. Donovan 
 January 1st, 1914 To July 1st, 1914 
 
 House, R. A. Jamieson Senior, C. H. Nammack 
 House, A. B. LeMesurier Senior, S. B. Rosenzweig 
 
 House, T. F. Mead 
 House, J. E. Ray 
 House, D. N. Barrows 
 
 House, C. J. Tyson 
 House, H. C. Russell 
 House, B. P. Willis 
 
 Senior, G. C. Payne 
 Senior, O. S. Lowsley 
 Senior, B. F. Weems, Jr. 
 
 Senior, T. R. Knowles 
 Senior, R. A. Schaff 
 Senior, M. M. Gardner 
 
 Senior, C. R. Comstock 
 
 House, J. W. Bruce 
 House, G. F. Cahill 
 House, J. T. Donovan Senior, W. R. Frantz 
 July 1st, 1914 to January 1st, 1915 
 
 House, C. H. Nammack Senior, C. E. Carr 
 House, S. B. Rosenzweig Senior, H. W. Wellington 
 
 House, G. C. Payne 
 House, O. S. Lowsley 
 House, R. T. Reed 
 
 House, T. R. Knowles 
 House, R. A. Schaff 
 House, M. M. Gardner 
 
 House, C. R. Comstock 
 House, G. F. Cahill 
 House, W. R. Frantz 
 
 Senior, B. F. Weems, Jr. 
 Senior, N. H. Williams 
 Senior, F. C. Wagenhals 
 
 Senior, J. W. Leist 
 Senior, R. S. Topping 
 Senior, M. L. Morris 
 
 Senior, G. Thorburn 
 Senior, L. S. C. Hayes 
 Senior, C. Faulkner 
 
^tattettc* 107 
 
 Resident Active Members 200 
 
 Non-Resident Active Members 116 
 
 Emeritus Members 2 
 
 Permanent Associate Members 20 
 
 Non-Resident Permanent Associate Members 2 
 
 Honorary Members 3 
 
 Associate Members 65 
 
 Total 408 
 
io8 (Officers 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 Presidents 
 
 Henry Herman 1886-1887 
 
 Hermann M. Biggs 1887-1889 
 
 Richard Kalish 1889-1890 
 
 ^Charles Phelps 1890-1891 
 
 Egbert Le Fevre 1891-1892 
 
 Wisner R Townsend , 1892-1893 
 
 *Frederick H. Wiggin 1893-1894 
 
 Charles C. Barrows 1894-1895 
 
 Parker Syms ,. . . .1895-1896 
 
 Lucius W. Hotchkiss 1896-1897 
 
 Robert J. Carlisle 1897-1898 
 
 *Samuel Alexander 1898-1899 
 
 Charles E. Quimby 1899-1900 
 
 Nathan E. Brill < 1900-1901 
 
 Alexander Lambert ,. . . .1901-1902 
 
 Robert T. Morris , 1902-1903 
 
 John F. Erdmann 1903-1904 
 
 William J. Chandler 1904-1905 
 
 George B. Hope 1905-1907 
 
 Henry S. Stearns 1907-1908 
 
 Julius H. Woodward 1908-1909 
 
 Reginald H. Sayre 1909-1910 
 
 Floyd M. Crandall 1910-1911 
 
 H. Seymour Houghton 1911-1912 
 
 Henry Mann Silver 1913- 
 
 *Deceased. 
 
Officers 109 
 
 Vice-Presidents 
 
 Alexander B. Pope 1886-1887 
 
 Le Roy W. Hubbard 1887-1889 
 
 Parker Syms < 1889-1890 
 
 Fred. W. Gwyer 1890-1891 
 
 Wisner R. Townsend 1891-1892 
 
 ♦Frederick H. Wiggin 1892-1893 
 
 Charles C. Barrows 1893-1894 
 
 Parker Syms 1894-1895 
 
 Lucius W. Hotchkiss 1895-1896 
 
 Robert J. Carlisle „ 1896-1897 
 
 *Samuel Alexander 1897-1898 
 
 Charles E. Qiumby , 1898-1899 
 
 Nathan E. Brill 1899-1900 
 
 Alexander Lambert 1900-1901 
 
 Robert T. Morris 1901-1902 
 
 John F. Erdmann 1902-1903 
 
 William J. Chandler 1903-1904 
 
 George B. Hope 1904-1905 
 
 Horace S. Stokes 1905-1906 
 
 William S. Terriberry 1906-1907 
 
 Julius H. Woodward 1907-1908 
 
 John A. Steurer 1908-1909 
 
 Floyd M. Crandall , 1909-1910 
 
 H. Seymour Houghton 1910-1911 
 
 J. Clifton Edgar 1911-1912 
 
 George David Stewart ,. . . . 1913- 
 
 *Deceased. 
 
no Officers; 
 
 Secretaries 
 
 Fred. W. Gwyer ,..1886-1888 
 
 William N: Hubbard 1888-1895 
 
 George D. Hamlin 1895-1897 
 
 Louis A. Zerega di Zerega 1897-1901 
 
 William S. Terriberry 1901-1906 
 
 Edward S. McSweeny Resigned Dec. 5, 1906 
 
 William W. Carter Elected Dec. 5, 1906-1907 
 
 John J. Nutt 1907-1911 
 
 Claude Augustine Frink 1911-1912 
 
 Hugh B. Blackwell 1913- 
 
 Treasurers 
 
 Robert J. Carlisle 1886-1895 
 
 Floyd M. Crandall 1895-1903 
 
 Horace S. Stokes , 1903-1905 
 
 Haven Emerson , 1905-1910 
 
 Robert J. Wilson 1910-1913 
 
 Historian 
 Robt. J. Carlisle 
 
Jfounfcers; 
 
 in 
 
 FOUNDERS 
 
 1 HENRY HERMAN 
 3 REGINALD H. SAYRE 
 5 GARRY de N. HOUGH 
 7 LEROY W. HUBBARD 
 9 FRED. W. GWYER 
 
 2 FLOYD M. CRANDALL 
 4 EGBERT LeFEVRE 
 6 LUCIUS W. HOTCHKISS 
 8 T. W. CLEAVELAND 
 10 ROBERT J. CARLISLE 
 
 11 SAMUEL H. PINKERTON 12 HERMANN M. BIGGS 
 13 NATHAN JARVIS 14 CHARLES F. STOKES 
 
 15 CONDICT W. CUTLER 16 ROBERT H. WYLIE 
 17 JOHN R. CONWAY 18 WILLIS W. FRENCH 
 
 19 ALEXANDER B. POPE 
 
Press of 
 
 Edgar Printing and Stationery Co., 
 68 West 39th St., N. Y. 
 
X^.vw?. 
 
 
 »^*v 
 
 \>-w^H^y^\ 
 
^ 
 
 i*