•o^yr^-l^-i'^ m i:$Mc ■^m^:s- m': W^i ■'. <»' ^'b^.'SX ^p^-s Columbia ®niber2(itp in ttje Citp of iOteto gorfe LIBRARY miA^' 'iX/' M# :« /'V: «^::'Mp>ointment, post j^i'eces sederunt ut supra. There was brought into the fund during the sitting of this Synod, from several * The letter of the Synod now sitting at Philadelphia, to the several congregations within the bounds of the Synod. September 22, 1719. Christian Friends : — Whereas Divine Providence, which is the Disposer of the lot of all men, has planted us in these parts of the world, and iu such a station whereiu we are obliged, in an eminent manner, to study the everlasting welfare of the souls of men. And whereas, to our great grief and exercise, we see many smaller places of lesser ability to maintain and support the interest of Christ among them, by the ordinary means of salvation, and yet desirous thereof, languishing in darkness and blindness, and in great danger of utter ruin for lack of vision ; casting in our minds how to get these miserable people relieved, could think upon no other way than by using our utmost interest aud endeavour to have such a fund or stock of money raised as may be of some use to help those distressed places and people. In pursuance of which design we have addressed our friends iu Britain and Ireland not altogether without success. And forasmuch as it seems to us unreasonable and unjustifiable to apply to other places in this affair, and ourselves, who are more immediately concerned, to hold our hands, we determined to request the charity of our respective congregations in the pre- mises, that they would yearly make a collection for the carrying on of the said noble and pious design of planting and spreading the everlasting gospel iu these provinces. As for arguments to enforce this our proposal, the thing itself is of such consequence and importance, and withal so needful, that we need not, we hope, use any other, only the consideration of a blessing entailed, in this and the other world, by God's gracious promises, on all such as do cheerfully exert themselves for the glory of God and the good of souls, together with the honourable examples that are frequently set us by the good people of our own nation both at home and abroad. So recommending you to the counsel aud blessing of the Author aud liewarder of all good works, we subscribe our- selves yours in the truest bonds of Christian aliections. — \_LcUer JJook.] 1720.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 59 persons, tlie sum of twcntj'-one pounds, seven shillings and ten pence; be- sides a bill of exchange of fourteen pounds, five shillings sterling money, from Mr. Hampton, together with sixteen pounds, fifteen shillings, Pennsylvania money, that was before in the hands of Mr. Jedidiah Andrews, the treasurer of the fund. Adjourned till eight o'clock, to-morrow morning. 2'2d da^, accord hireces sederunt qui swpra. The affairs deferred the last sederunt, further deferred. The affair of Mr. Walton reassumed. The said Mr. Walton gave in an additional acknowledgment of his misde- meanours in writing, which being read, the question was put, whether it was satisfactory pro tanto, and it was resolved in the affirmative. 72 MINUTES OF THE [1722. The Synod after long and free debate upon the whole of Mr. Walton's affair, do order and appoint as followeth; that the said Mr. Walton is sus- pended from preaching in any place for three Sabbaths next ensuing, and that his acknowledgment and confession given in this day to the Synod, so far only as it concerns his miscarriages committed at Newark, shall in his own words be read publicly in open congregation on the last of the three Sabbaths ; where it is ordered that Mr. Walton shall be present and own the said ac- knowledgment and confession given in to us before the congregation then and there assembled ; which done, the minister appointed to preach that day, shall authoritatively take off the suspension. Mr. Pumry is appointed to preach at Newark the said Sabbath. Mr. deorge Gillespie, Mr. David Evans, Mr. John Orme, and Mr. John Gardner, dissented against the limited suspension of Mr. John Walton. Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. At eight o'doclc, A. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt qui supra. The affairs deferred the last sederxint, further deferred. Adjourned till three o'clock, pos« merid. that the committee might have time to complete the overtures upon the affair of Cohanzy. At 3 o'clock, P. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt qui sxpra. The affair of Mr. Hook reassumed. The committee appointed to bring in overtures upon the several articles alleged against Mr. Hook, brought in their overtures, which are as follows. 1. Overtured, That inasmuch as the first crimination against Mr. Hook is of several years date ; and by the confession of the parties offended, long since satisfied for, and as appears to us from an ill motive, that it be therefore re- jected, which overture was approved of by the Synod. 2. Overtured, That the Synod disapprove of Mr. Fithian's publicly charging Mr. Hook with a lie relating to a bargain of a horse, not only without evi- dence, but when the evidences he produced witnessed against him ; which over- ture was approved of by the Synod. 3. Overtured, That Mr. Hook is chargeable with falsehood, and a very un- natural and uncharitable construction of Mr. Sealy's letter, in representing him as saying, that Mr. Hook's fingers and toes were cut off in Ireland for stealing. Which overture, by a majority of votes, was approved by the Synod. 4. Overtured, That Mr. Hook cannot be charged with a lie respecting the shooting match, inasmuch as he might truly say, he did not inform the justi- ces, but only admonished them of their duty. Approved by a majority of votes of the Synod. 5. Overtured, That Mr. Hook was chargeable with folly and levity unbe- coming a gospel minister in the sham marriages alleged. Approved by the Synod. 6. Overtured, That Mr. Hook might have been asleep, notwithstanding of what appears by Joseph Brooks and Benjamin Davis their evidences ', there- fore, after long and mature deliberation upon it, we left it doubtful. Which was approved by the Synod. 7. As to the charge of obscene actions expressed in Ephraim Sealy's depo- sition, Mr. Hook hath confessed the whole with much seeming sorrow, and grief before the Synod. Upon the whole, Mr. Hook being called in and by the moderator desired to declare his thoughts concerning the other articles of which he was concluded guilty by the Synod, he made an acknowledgment as to every particular, and professed a sincere sorrow and repentance for the 1722.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 73 same. "Which together with the acknowledgment by him before made, with relation to the article contained in Ephraim Sealy's evidence, was accepted by the Synod as a satisfactory evidence of his sincere repentance. Upon which the Synod spent a considerable time in debating and deliberating upon the kind and degree of censure to be inflicted upon Mr. Hook for the abovesaid oft'ences. At last the question was proposed, suspend or not. The resolution of which is deferred till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow, ante merid. At nine o'clock, A. M. accordimj to appointment, post preces sederunt qui snpra. The aflairs deferred the last sederunt deferred further. The above uieutioned question relating to the suspension or non-suspension of Mr. Ilook, being proposed, it was, by a great majority of votes carried in the affirmative. It being again questioned, whether his suspension should be limited or indefinite, it was by a majority of votes carried indefinite. Upon the whole, the Synod have appointed, that Mr. Daniel McGill, Mr. Jedidiah Andrews, Mr. James Morgan, and Mr. Robert Cross, do meet at Fairfield meetiug-house upon the third Thursday of October next ensuing, and then and there they or any one of them, have power to take off the sus- pension, if no sufficient reason to the contrary appears. And further, it is ordered that one of the said ministers do preach at the said meeting-house, and also, that the said ministers do publicly read a full extract of the Synod's minutes relating to Mr. Hook, and that Mr. Hook make his public acknow- ledgment viva voce or in writing, as he thinks fit, in order to his being absolved as aforesaid. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. At three o'clock, P. M. according to appoinment, post preces sederunt qui sujrra. The Presbytery of Long-Island gave in their report to the Synod, that a committee of their Presbytery met a number of the trustees of New-Haven college, according to the appointment of the Synod, and have given a large account in writing, of their proceedings with said trustees, whereby the Synod is convinced that they, though without the desired success, have done what they could relating to the union with Connecticut ministers, and removing those differences between them and our Presbytery of Long-Island, by the irregular division of the congregation at New York, and the trustees sending missionaries to preach there. Upon the whole, the Synod approves of the con- duct of the Presbytery of Long-Island in the whole affair as it was managed by them, both since last Synod and formerly. Mr. Hook desiring to be joined to New Castle Presbytery, it was granted. Ordered, That Mr. John Pierson do supply Mr. Pumry's congregation that Sabbath in which Mr. Pumry is to be at Newark about Mr. Walton's business; and that on the same day 3Ir. Webb supply Mr. Pierson's people. The affair of Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, &c. his protest reassumed. Adjourned till eight o'clock, to-morrow, ante merid. At eight o'clock, A. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt qui supra. The brethren who entered their protestation against the act for allowing any brother or member of this Synod, to bring in any overture to be formed into an act by the Synod, for the better carrying on in the matters of our govern- ment and discipline, &c. The said brethren protestants brought in a paper of four articles, testifying in writing their sentiments and judgment concerning 10 74 MIXUTES OF THE [1722. church government, which was approved by the Synod, and ordered by the Synod to be recorded in the Synod book. Likewise the said brethren being willing to take back their protestation against said act, together with their rea- sons given in defense of said protest ; the Synod doth hereby order that the protest, together with the reasons of it. as also the answers at the appointment of the Synod given in to the reasons alleged by Mr. Daniel McGill and ^Ir. George McXish, be all withdrawn ; and that the said act remain and be in all respects as if no such protest had been made. The articles are as fol- io weth. 1. We freely grant, that there is full executive power of church govern- ment in Presbyteries and Synods, and that they may authoritatively, in the name of Christ, use the keys vof church discipline to all proper intents and purposes, and that the keys of the church are committed to the church officers and them only. 2. "We also grant, that the mere circumstantials of church discipline, such as the time, place, and mode, of carrying on in the government of the Church, belong to ecclesiastical judicatories to determine as occasions occur, conform- able to the general rules in the word of God, that require all things to be done decently and in order. And if these things are called acts, we will take no offence at the word, provided that these acts be not imposed upon such as conscientiously dissent from them. 3. We also grant, that Synods may compose directories, and recommend them to all their members, respecting all the parts of discipline, provided that all subordinate judicatories may decline from such directories when they con- scientiously think they have just reason so to do. 4. We freely allow that appeals may be made from all inferior to superior judicatories, and that superior judicatories have authority to consider and de- termine such appeals. ;Malachi Jones, Joseph Morgan, Jonathan Dickinson, David Evans. The Synod was so universally pleased with the abovesaid composure of their difference, that they unanimously joined together in a thanksgiving prayer, and joyful singing the one hundred and thirty-third psalm. The supplications of the people of Xew Castle, and the people of Tree Dyffryn, referred from the committee for bills and overtures to the Synod, referred to the commission of the Synod. A representation being made by some of our members of the earnest desires of some Protestant dissenting families in Virginia, toorether with a comfortable prospect of the increase of our interest there, the Synod have appointed that Mr. Hugh Conn, Mr. John Orme, and Mr. William Stewart, do each of them severally visit said people, and preach four Sabbaths to them, between this and the next Synod. Some members expressing their fears lest 3Ir. John Walton should not be- have himself orderly, the Synod do appoint that Mr. George McXish, 'Mr. James Anderson, and Mr. Samuel Pumry, or any two of them, do, in the Synod's name, judicially deal with him, upon information, as they shall see proper. The Presbytery books of Philadelphia and Long Island were brought in, and approved by the Synod. The commission of the Synod appointed last year, continued with the same powers until the next Synod. The review of the minutes of this present Synod, and all the affairs of the fund, with whatever emergencies may occur, referred to the said commission. 1723.] STXOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 75 Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to meet at Philadelphia, at two o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 1723. Philadelphia, September the ISiA, 1723. The Synod met according to appointment, ubi posipreces sederunt, (Mr. Jones being moderator, pro tempore, and Mr. Cross clerk.) Ministers present : Messrs. Daniel McGill, Malachi Jones, Jedidiah Andrews, James Anderson, George Gillespie, Hugh Conn, David Evans, William Stew- art, Henry Hook, Robert Cross, Thomas Evans, Alexander Hutchinson, Jona- than Dickinson, John Pierson, Robert Laing. Elders : Messrs. John Budd, John Gardner, James Abraham, Robert Wil- son, David Evans, Esq'r., Peter Bushel. Ministers absent : Messrs. Thomson, Onne, Moses Dickinson, Webb, Pumry, Gelston, Tennent, Morgan, Davis, Bradner, Philips, Lamb. Adjourned. tiU eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 19 day. At eight o'clock', according to appointment, post preces sederunt, qui supra. Mr. Bradner, Mr. Orme, and Mr. Webb, giving reasons of their absence by letter, their reasons were sustained. Messrs. James Anderson, Hugh Conn, George Gillespie, and Robert Cross, being put upon the Leet in order to the choice of a moderator, Mr. James An- derson was chosen, and Mr. Cross was chosen clerk. Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. Mr. Thomson, the moderator of the last Synod, being absent by reason of sickness, Mr. Andrews Of>ened the Synod by preaching a synodical sermon from Prov. si. 30. Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Jonathan Dickinson, Daniel McGill, Hugh Conn, Robert Cross, with the moderator, are appointed for a committee for bills and overtures ; and it is recommended to all the rest of the members of the Synod to attend upon the said committee as they can and see c-atise. Mr. 3Ialachi Jones, and Mr. David Evans, dissent from appointing any com- mittee for bills and overtures. Mr. Jonathan Dickinson appointed to preach to-morrow night. 3Ir. Stewart next Sabbath in the forenoon, Mr. Hutchinson in the afternoon, and ^Mr. Crc>S5 at night. Agreed that the committee for bills and overtures be also a committee for the fund. 3Ir. Jones and Mr. Pierson appointed to revise the Presbytery book of Xew Castle \ and Mr. Gillespie and 31r. Stewart that of Long Island. The Presby- tery book of Philadelphia was forg^Dt to be brought hither. It being inquired what collections were made for the fond, it was found that Messrs. Jones and Anderson have done somewhat in that affair, as likewise the congregation at Xewark, per Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, which they are ordered to deliver to the committee of the fund. And the rest of the ministers having given their reasons why they brought no collections, the same were sustained ; and it is recommended to all the members of the Synod to use their diligence to bring collections to the next Synod. C>rdered, That the commission of the Synod do bring in an aceotmt of all their proceedings to-morrow morning. The Synod having inquired what was done in the afeir relating to Mr. Wal- ton, found that Mr. Pumry did not go to Newark as appointed, by reason of sickness, as likewise that 3Ir. Walton, (without any authority.) read his ac- knowledgment and absolved himself. Upon which the Sync-d, having con- sidered the whole af^, put it to vote whether the suspension was taken off, 76 MINUTES OF THE [1723. and it was carried in the negative. And the Synod does further appoint the Presbytery of Long Island, together with Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, Mr. Morgan, and Mr. Pierson, to be a committee to transact in the whole affair relating to Mr. Walton, and to remove or continue the suspension as they shall see cause. Adjourned to three o'clock, post meridiem. Hwa tertia post meridievi, post ^ireces sederunt, qui supra. The Synod approves of the conduct of the committee in absolving Mr. Hook. Messrs. Hugh Conn, John Orme, and William Stewart, fulfilled their ap- pointments with respect to Virginia. The Presbytery of -New Castle having referred a case to the Synod with re- spect to Mr. Robert Laing, upon whom they passed the censures of rebuke, sus- pension, and deposition, for violating the Lord's day, by washing himself in a creek, and for his indiscreet carriage to the Presbytery at the time of his re- buke, the Synod, after mature deliberation upon that affair, with the concurring circumstances, particularly Mr. Laing's indisposition at that time, and expecta- tion of service from that action, do judge those censures of suspension and de- position were too severe, and do therefore repeal them; although we can't but judge Mr. Laing guilty of several very unbecoming imprudencies, worthy of re- buke, relating to that affair. Mr. Robert Cross and Mr. Thomas Evans, mem- bers of that Presbytery, did not agree to the sentence of deposition when it was passed. A letter from the people of Virginia being read, the consideration of it was deferred till to-morrow morning. The committee appointed to meet at eight o'clock to-morrow morning. Adjourned till nine o'clock, ante meridiem, to-morrow. 20 day. Hora nona ante meridiem, sederunt qui supra. The affair of Virginia reassumed. The Synod having seriously considered said affair, do appoint Mr. Hugh Conn, Mr. John Orme, and Mr. William Stewart, each of them to preach four Lord's days before next Synod to that people, and it is recommended to Mr. Jonathan Dickinson to preach to said people before next Synod, some Sabbath days, and in case he goes thither, that then Mr. Pierson, Mr. Webb, and Mr. 3Ioses Dickinson, do supply his congregation with preaching. And it is further Ordered, That Mr. Jones and Mr. Andrews write a letter to the people of Virginia. And it is further Ordered, That Mr. Hutchinson supply Mr. Stewart's con- gregation two Sabbaths during his absence in Virginia. And it is Ordered, That a letter of address be writ to the Grovernor of Vir- ginia, by Messrs. Dickinson and Cross, and that the said letter to the people of Virginia, and also this, be brought into the Synod for approbation. A letter from the ministers of Connecticut to this Synod, desiring a con- ference with some of the ministers of this Synod, in order to the healing of those divisions in the Presbyterian congregation in New York, being read and maturely considered, it was ordered, that a letter be writ to the ministers of Connecticut in answer to theirs, to thank them for their concern about the interest of religion in New York, and their proposing a conference with some of us in order to heal the division in the Presbyterian congregation there, and to signify our hearty concurrence with their proposal. And withal to signify our apprehensions that the place proposed for a conference, is not so likely to answer the good intentions expressed in their letter as New York would be, and therefore to desire them to send some of their number to meet with some 1728.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 77 of ours there, on the twenty-third of October next. Messrs. Andrews, Dickin- son, Morgan, Philips, Cross, and McGill, appointed to meet the said minis- ters at New York, at the time before mentioned, and are empowered to act in the name and with the full power of the Synod, in the affair proposed. But if the said Connecticut ministers decline coming to New Y^ork at the time mentioned, the aforemcutioncd members of the Synod are empowered to meet them at any other time and place for the said purpose, as they shall think reasonable. And if the good ends proposed, relating to New York, be at the conference happily accomplished, the Synod recommends it to those of their members afore appointed for said conference, to treat with said minis- ters of Connecticut about an union with us, and empower them to concert and conclude upon any methods that may conduce to that end. Mr. McGill and Mr. Conn appointed to write the abovesaid letter. Adjourned till three o'clock, post merid. Concluded with prayer. Hordi, iertiOf post merid. sederunt qui supra. The Synod according to an overture of the committee, resolved themselves into an interloquitur, to consider a case of conscience proposed by George Williamson, with respect to his call to the ministry, and after having heard the same, desired a further consideration of it till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 1\st day. Hora octava, ante merid. sederunt qui supra. The affair of said George Williamson reassumed. The ministers of the Synod having seriously and deliberately considered the above case, do, nemine contradicente, agree in judgment, that the said person has not any regular call that way ; for though we are satisfied as to his piety and godly life, yet we think he wants necessary qualifications required in the word of God for a gospel minister, and therefore advise him to continue in the vocation wherein he is called, and endeavour to be useful as a private Christian. The letter to the people of Virginia was read and approved. The Presbytery book of Long-Island revised and approved. The Presbytery book of New Castle revised and approved. The commission of the Synod having rendered an account of their acting in the name of the Synod, it was approved. Adjourned till four o'clock, jyost merid. Hard tertia, post merid. sederunt qui supra. A letter to the Governor of Virginia was read and approved. Upon a supplication from the congregation of Tree-Dyffrin, for some thing from the fund, it was overtured by the committee, that five pounds be given to said people, which overture was approved by the Synod. From a like supplication from the people of Octararo and Hanover, it was overtured that three pounds be given to each of them ; this overture was agreed to ; as likewise to give three pounds to Mrs. Wilson, and one pound to Mr. Andrews for recording. Messieurs Jones, Andrews, Anderson, Dickinson, Cross, and Evans, to be the commission of the Synod with the same power as formerly. Ordered, that the minutes be revised by the commission of the Synod. Upon reading the list of ministers the Synod found, to their great grief, that Mr. McNish was dead. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to meet at Philadelphia, at two o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 78 MINUTES OF THE [1724. 1724. Philadelphia, Sepfemt .. • IQth, 1724. The Synod met according to appointment, ubi post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Malachi Jones, Jedidiah Andrews, James Anderson, George Grillespie, Hugh Conn, David Evans, Henry Hook, Robert Cross, John Bradner, Thomas Evans, Alexander Hutchinson, John Pierson, John Orme, Robert Laing, Thomas Craighead, John Thomson, Moses Dickinson, Samuel Pumry. Elders : Messrs. John Budd, John Gardner, James Parry, Abraham Golder, Peter Bushell, John Kale, Enoch Armitage. Ministers absent : Messrs. 'Jonathan Dickinson, Willi n Stewart, Joseph "Webb, Joseph Morgan, Samuel Gelston, William Tennent, Mr. Anderson opened the Synod by preaching a sermon upon 2 Cor. v. 20. Mr. George Gillespie was chosen moderator, and Mr. Robert Cross, clerk. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at eight o'clo'^.k. Concluded with prayer. Die 11 mo. at eight o^ clock, ante merid. post preces nuderunt qui supra. Mr. Webb and Mr. Tennent gave by letters the reastns of their absence, which were sustained. Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. Mr. Pumry and Mr. Thomson gave the reasons of their aDsence last year, which were sustained. blasters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Pierson, Cross, Jones, and Conn, were appointed to be a committee for the fund, and for any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. Mr. Moses Dickinson appointed to preach on Friday night. Messrs. Pumry and Bradner appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Castle. Masters Orme and Hook that of Long-Island. The Presbytery book of Philadelphia was wanting by reason of Mr. Jonathan Dickinson's absence. It being inquired what collections were made for the fund, it was found that Messrs. Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, and Evans, had brought collections, and they were ordered to deliver them to the committee for the fund. And the rest of the ministers having given their reasons why they brought no col- lections, the same were sustained. And it is recommended to all the members of the Synod, to use their utmost diligence to bring collections to the next Synod. The Synod having inquired what the committee did on the affair of Mr. Walton, did approve of their conduct and management, the account whereof is as followeth : " New York, October 25, 1723. At a meeting of the com- mittee of the Synod, relating to the afiliir of Mr. Walton. Present, Messrs. Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Samuel Pumry, Robert Cross, and Jonathan , Dickinson. " Islv. Morgan chosen Moderator, and Mr. Dickinson, clerk. '' After deliberate consideration of Mr. Walton's case, and particular hear- ing several scandalous allegations against him, by letters and otherwise, and his answers unto them, the question was put, whether from what we had heard we had just grounds to take off the suspension laid on him by the Synod, and we agreed in the negative neniine contradicente. " Ordered, That Mr. Morgan write to the people of East-Chester, where he has lately preached, informing them of this our conclusion. " Resolved, That the committee of the Synod convene to transact what shall appear further needful in the case of Mr. Walton, when Messrs. Ander- 1724.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 79 son, Pumry, and Cross, shall give notice to the other members of the com- mittee. " The moderator being desired by the committee, after reading the above minutes to Mr. Walton, to give him an admonition, to use more care, watch- fulness, and circumspection for the future, Mr. Walton did not only exclaim against our conclusion, and declare he never would have any more concern with any of our judicatories, but also refused to hear any exhortation ; telling us that he did not want any exhortation from us, and that he always thought that it was all an intrigue, but was willing to try us once more, and in an angry manner rushed away from us." Mr. Orme fulMlled the appointment of the Synod with respect to his preach- ing in Virginia; Mr. Conn did not, and gave his reasons, which were sus- tained ; Mr. Stewart did not, the reasons not known, he being absent. The Synod approves of the conduct of the committee appointed to meet with the ministers from Connecticut, to confer about the affairs of the Pres- byterian congregation in New York, though their endeavours proved unsuc- cessful. The Synod having received a letter from George Williamson, expressing some dissatisfaction with the judgment of the Synod in his case last year, they appointed Mr. Andrews and Mr. Thomson to write a letter to him in answer to his, and bring it into the Synod for approbation. A letter from the people of Virginia being read and considered, the Synod have referred that whole affiiir to the Presbytery of New Castle, and orders a letter to be writ to said people, by Messrs. Pierson and Pumry, and to bring it to the Synod for approbation. iMessieurs Jones, Andrews, Anderson, Jonathan Dickinson, Cross, and Evans, continued to be the commissioners of the Synod, with the same power as formerly. Upon calling the roll it was found that Mr. McGill died since our last Synod. Mr. Bradner having desired that he might be joined to the Presbytery of Long-Island, and offered his reasons, they were sustained, and he was ordered to join with said Presbytery. Ordered, That the committee for the fund, &c. meet at three o'clock, post merid. Adjourned till five o'clock, post merid.' Hord quintd, post merid. jMst jjreces sederunt qui svpra. Mr. Moses Dickinson gave the reasons of his absence last year, which were sustained. Messrs. Andrews and Thomson brought in the letter to be sent to George Williainson, which was approved. Ordered, That the letter to Virginia be brought in at our next sederunt. The case proposed by Mr. Webb, being considered by the committee for overtures, they made this overture upon it, viz : Overtured, that whereas the case is delivered in such general and doubtful terms that we cannot judge of it, the consideration thereof be left to the Presbytery of Philadelphia ; which overture was approved by the Synod. Mr. Tennent having written to the Synod for some supply out of the fund, his i-equest was denied, and Mr. Moses Dickinson and Mr. John Budd ordered to write a letter to him giving the reasons thereof, and to bring it in to-morrow morning. The overture of the committee, with reference to a supplication from some of the inhabitants of Perth Amboy, desiring sermons sometimes, being referred to the Presbytery of Philadelphia, was approved by the Synod, and Mr. An- 80 MINUTES OF THE [1725. derson was appointed to write a letter to them, and bring it in to-morrow morning. The consideration of a letter from Kent county, as likewise of Mr. Peter Finch's testimonials, deferred till to-morrow morning. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet to-morrow morning, at eight of the clock. Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. Die 18mo. Hord decimd, ante meridiem, sederunt qui supra. The letter to be sent to Virginia was brought in and approved A letter to be sent to Perth Amboy brought in and approved. A letter to Mr. Tennent brought in and approved. The affair of Mr. Finch and Kent county reassumed. The Synod having read and considered Mr. Peter Finch his testimonials, do approve them, and do recommend him for further advice and direction to the Presbytery of New Castle, and appoint Mr. Andrews to write a letter in answer to that from the people of Kent county. The overture of the committee to give five pounds to Mrs. Wilson, as like- wise the overture to give three pounds to the people of Broad Creek, were approved. The consideration of the Synod's meeting by delegates deferred to the next sederunt. Ordered, That the Presbytery books be brought in. Adjourned till three o'clock, post meridiem. Hord tertid, post meridiem, sederunt qui supra. The Presbytery books of New York and New Castle brought in and ap- proved. The affair relating to the Synod's meeting by delegates was taken into con- sideration, and after reasoning upon the matter, it was at last put to the vote thus : Appear by delegates or not ? And it was carried in the affirmative ; and likewise concluded by vote, that the Presbytery of New Castle and Philadel- phia do yearly delegate the half of their members to the Synod, and the Pres- bytery of Long Island two of their number. And it is further ordered, that all the members of the Synod do attend every third year ; and that, if in the interim, any thing of moment do occur, whereby the presence of all the mem- bers may be thought necessary, they, (upon notice given by the commission of the Synod,) shall carefully attend notwithstanding the above delegation. And it is further agreed, that every member of the Synod may attend as formerly if they see cause. Appointed, That the next Synod meet at Philadelphia, upon the third Wed- nesday of September next, at two of the clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 1795. Pliiladelphia, September 15, 1725. The Synod met by their delegates according to appointment, Ubi 2^ost preces sederunt Ministers delegated : Messrs. George Gillespie, David Evans, Henry Hook, Joseph Houston, Adam Boyd, Malachi Jones, Jedidiah Andrews, Jonathan Dickinson, Moses Dickinson, Samuel Gelston, William Stewart. Ministers occasionally present : Messrs. James Anderson, John Thomson, John Pierson, Robert Laing, Noyes Parris. Elders : Messrs. John Gardner, James Abraham, Thomas Hiott, Joseph Braden, John Hall, John Snowden, Enoch Armitage. Mr. Gillespie, the moderator of the last Synod, opened the Synod by preach- ing a sermon from Col. iv. 17. 1725.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 81 Masters Thomas Craighead, and "William Tennent, delegated ministers, were absent. Mr. Craighead sent the reasons of his absence by letter, which were sus- tained. Mr. David Evans was chosen moderator, and Mr. Andrews clerk. The last year's minutes ai)pointed to be read. Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, and Mr. Samuel Gelston, gave the reasons of their absence last year, which were sustained. Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Pierson, Jones, and Jonathan Dickinson, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. Mr. Hook appointed to preach on Friday night. Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson and Pierson appointed to revise the Presby- tery book of New Castle. Messrs. Hook and Boyd that of Long Island. Messrs. Gillespie and Houston that of Philadelphia, The revisers ordered to bring in the Presbytery books to-morrow afternoon. Ordered, That those which have brought collections for the fund do deliver them to the committee for the fufid. Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 16 doT/, at eight d'cloch, post meridiem, sedemnt qui svpra. The minute that the revisers bring in the Presbytery books in the afternoon continued. Messrs. Jones, Andrews, Anderson, Jonathan Dickinson, Cross, and Evans, continued to be the commission of the Synod with the same power as formerly. Mr. Samuel Davis died since last Synod. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at three o'clock, post meridiem. The Synod having received a letter from Mr. John Walton, desiring us to appoint the Presbytery of Long Island to be a committee to judge in his case, it was ordered, that an extract of the minutes of the Synod, relating to his aflPair, be sent to him. And it was further ordered, at the desire of the Pres- bytery of Long Island, that this affair be left as before, viz. to the Presbytery of Long Island, together with Messrs. Morgan, Dickinson, and Pierson, and tluit the said members have a copy of the said extract of minutes, to dispose of as they shall see cause. Mr. Stewart being questioned touching his not going to Virginia according to appointment, the year before last, he alleged for excuse bodily indisposi- tion, which excuse was accepted by the Synod ; and, as to his absence last year from the Synod, he brought his wife's indisposition for a reason, which was sustained. Adjourned till five o'clock, post meridiem. At Jive 0^ clock, post meridiem, sederunt, &c. There being, according to the report of the committee for the fund, by col- lections and interest money brought in, the sum of ten pounds and three pence half-penny, there was given by the Synod to Mrs. Wilson five pounds ; to Octorara two pounds ; to Goshen two pounds ; to Mr. Anderson, on account of Mr. Finch, one pound ; to the door-keeper the remainder, viz. seven shil- lings and three pence half-penny. The Presbytery books were brought in and approved. Appointed, That the next Synod meet at Philadelphia, upon the third Wed- nesday of September next, at two o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 11 82 MINUTES OF THE [1726. Philadelphia, September 21, 1726. The Synod met by their delegates according to appointment. Uhi post preces sederunt Ministers delegated : Messrs. Malachi Jones, Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, John Thomson, David Evans, Joseph Webb, Alex- ander Hutchinson, Noyes Parris, Thomas Evans. Elders delegated : Charles Hofty, William Blair, John Snowden, Alexan- der Mulleston, James Abraham, Samuel Farrin, John Bravur, David Evans, Esquire. Masters Joseph Morgan, ■\yilliam Tennent, Hugh Conn, and Robert Stewart, delegated ministers, were absent ; and Mr. William Tennent was ab- sent also last year. Masters James Anderson, Joseph Houston, and Samuel Gelston, were members occasionally present. Mr. Thomas Craighead was chosen moderator, and Mr. Webb clerk. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, eight o'clock 22 day, at eight o'clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui sit,pra. Mr. David Evans, the moderator of the last Synod, opened the Synod by preaching a sermon from Acts v. 42. Ordered, That the last year's minutes be read. Messrs. Jones, Andrews, Craighead, Anderson, Thomson, and Cross, ap- pointed to be a committee for the fund, and any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. Mr. Houston appointed to preach on Friday night. Mr. Thomas Evans and Mr. Alexander Hutchinson appointed to revise the Presbytery book of Long Island; Mr. Noyes Parris and Mr. Joseph Webb appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Castle. The Presbytery book of Philadelphia was not brought to the Synod. Inquiry being made who had made any collections for the fund, it was found that these following had done it, Mr. Malachi Jones, Mr. Robert Cross, IMr. John Thomson, and Mr. David Evans. Ordered, That the ministers here present should represent to the several Presbyteries, that there be yearly something done for the fund as was formerly appointed. It appearing that the commission of the Synod had done something relating to the fund, Ordered, That they bring in an account of it to the Synod to- morrow morning. The committee for the fund appointed to meet at three o'clock post merid. together with the commissioners of the Synod. A reference from the Presbytery of Long-Island was brought in, and the papers relating to it were read, and the consideration of that affair deferred till next sederunt. Adjourned till five o' clock, post merid. At jive d clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the Presbytery books that are here, be brought in by the members appointed to revise them, to-morrow morning. The commissioners of the Synod brought in an account to the Synod of what they had done respecting the change of a mortgage from Joseph Harri- son, which was approved. Ordered, That the affair referred to the Synod by the Presbytery of Long- Island, be referred to the committee for an overture upon it, to be brought in next sederunt. 1726.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 83 A representation being made from the Presbytery of New Castle, of the conduct of Mr. Gilbert Tennent, respecting his leaving of New Castle, desiring the judgment of the Synod in that affair ; it was concluded that the said Mr. Tenucut's steps were too hasty and unadvised in several particulars ; and ac- cordingly ordered the moderator to reprove him, and withal exhort him unto more caution and deliberation in his future proceedings. - Mr. William Tennent, by his son, offered the reasons of his absence, which were sustained. The committee appointed to meet to-morrow morning at eight o'clock. Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 2Sd day at ten o'clock, A. M. postpreces sederunt quisupra. The Presbytery books that were here were brought in and approved. The committee met according to appointment, and brought in overtures upon the affair of New York congregation, (which was referred to the Synod by the Presbytery of Long-Island,) which overture, (after reading and mature delibe- ration had upon them,) were unanimously approved, and ordered to be trans- cribed and inserted in our minutes. The overtures are as followeth : Overtured, That Dr. Nicholls' conduct, (as represented to us by the elders and representatives of the Presbyterian congregation of New York,) appears unjustifiable and unbecoming the gospel; and we cannot but judge it to be so in the following respects, (until we are otherwise informed,) viz : 1. In his disposing of the money sent from Great Britain for the payment of the Church's debt, without consulting the representatives, who are equally concerned with him in the affair. 2. In refusing to cancel or deliver up the bonds paid with the public money. 3. In exacting interest in such a rigorous manner, for money laid out for promoting the interest of Christ, as he at first professed. 4. In disregarding the Presbytery, and not attending the Synod in the affair of the representation, when he was apprized that the affair was referred to the Synod. 5. In applying to Boston for a minister without the concurrence of Presby- tery or Synod, or the elders and representatives of the congregation. Overtured further. That a letter be wrote to Dr. Nicholl, expressing the mind of the Synod fully with respect to his conduct. And a letter to the ministers of Boston not to countenance the Doctor in this matter, until he give satisfaction. And a letter to the elders and representatives of New York con- gregation. Further overtured, That the Synod, (as things now appear,) doth judge it to be the duty of Dr. Nicholl, to give such satisfaction to the said representatives in the affair of the public money and bonds, as will appear satisfactory in the judgment of the Synod or the commissioners of the Synod. Until which time the Synod cannot concur with him in any of his endeavours for obtaining a minister. Overtured, That the Synod are willing to contribute their best endeavours for the good of the congregation of New York, and (in case of Mr. Anderson's removal,) take care to provide supplies for them while vacant, and provide a pastor for them as soon as Providence may open a door. And for this purpose do recommend them to the care of the Presbytery of Long-Island, to which they belong, together with such correspondents from the Presbytery of Phila- delphia as may be thought needful. Overtured, That Mr. Anderson, (according to his desire,) be left at his liberty to remove from New York, and to accept of a call from any other peo- ple, as Providence may determine ; and the congregation of New York be at 84 MINUTES OF THE [1726. liberty to call anotter minister, (in an orderly way,) as soon as they shall pay up what arrears appear justly due to Mr. Anderson. Overtured, That a letter be wrote to Mr. Smith in answer to his to the Synod, letting him know, that the Synod will not remit that money for which Mr. McNish's estate stands obliged, and that he take care about it ; and likewise a letter be wrote to Mr. William Tennent, of the same purport. Ordered, That Messrs. Jones and Andrews write the letter to the ministers of Boston ; Messrs. Thomson and David Evans to Dr. NichoU ; Messrs. Thomas Evans and Webb to the congregation of New York ; and Messrs. Gelston and Parris, those to Mr. Tennent and Mr. Joseph Smith, and that they be brought into the Synod to-morrow morning. Adjourned till three o'clock, I*. M. At 3 o'clock, P. M. Postpreces sederunt qui supra. An appeal from some members of IMr. Houston's congregation being presented to the Synod, and all papers relating to that affair being read, as also all that the parties had to say patiently heard, the consideration thereof was deferred till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 24ost preces sederunt qui supra. There being from time to time complaints of the weakness and deficiency of Mr. Robert Laing, rendering his exercise of the ministerial function a de- triment to the interest of religion, and rather a scandal than an help to the gospel ; the Synod advise him to demit the whole exercise of the ministry, and not to take it up again but by the approbation of at least three ministers of the Presbytery wherein he may reside ; the said Mr. Laing did quietly and humbly acquiesce in the aforesaid advice. And there being a motion made, that in case Mr. Laing should remove unto some place in the skirts of the Synod, so that the commissioners may not be apprized of his circumstances in order to his relief, should there be need of it, that any member or members of the Synod administering to his necessities in a prudent way, (wherein they shall be accountable to the Synod,) may be reimbursed by the Synod. The said motion was approved of by the Synod, the said 3Ir. Laing bringing with 1727.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 85 him such credentials as may testify of his good moral behaviour. And the Synod did, for the present, in testimony of their compassion, give him out of the fund the sura of forty shillings. i\Ir. Webb giving account of some difficulties in his congregation, which he hoped might be healed by a committee appointed by the Synod, it was (in compliant^ with his desire,) ordered, that Messrs. Morgan, Anderson, Cross, Picrson, Gelston, Joniithan Dickinson, and Andrews, should be the said com- mittee, and meet at Newark on the fourth Wednesday of October next, to act with the full power of the Synod iu all matters that may be laid before them with respect to that congregation, and bring an account of what they do to the next Synod. Messrs. Jones, Andrews, Evans, Anderson, Cross, and Jonathan Dickinson, continued to be the commissioners of the Synod, with the same power as for- merly. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, then to meet at Philadelphia at two o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. 1727. Scptemher '20th, 1727. The full Synod met at Philadelphia according to appointment, when post preces sederunt, Ministers : Messrs. Malachi Jones, Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Thomson, James Anderson, Joseph Morgan, George Gillespie, Hugh Conn, William Stewart, John Pierson, David Evans, William Tennent, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston, John Bradner, Thomas Evans, Henry Hook, Nathaniel Hubbill, Alexander Hutchinson, Gilbert Tennent, Joseph Webb, Archibald McCook, Adam Boyd. Elders present : Messrs. Joseph Charlesworth, John Snowden, John Mont- gomery, Archibald Smith, James Mitchell, John Hutten, Joseph Steel, James Abraham, James Smith, Joseph Thomas, Jacob King, Samuel Allen, David Lawson, Arthur Park. Ministers absent: Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Samuel Pumry, Robert Cross, Noyes Parris. Mr. John Pierson was chosen moderator, and Mr. Thomas Evans clerk. Mr. Craighead opened the Synod by preaching a sennon from 1 Tim. iv. 14, 15. Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 21 dai/, at eight o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Cross, and Orme, gave by letters the reasons of their absence, which were sustained. Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. Masters William Tennent, Conn, and Stewart, gave the reasons of their absence last Synod, which were sustained. Masters Jones, Andrews, Craighead, Anderson, Thomson, and the mode- rator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and any other business that the Synod shall recommend to them. Masters Bradner and William Tennent appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Castle. The Presbytery books of Long Island and Philadelphia were not brought to the Synod, and the reasons thereof were sustained. Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the Synod, it was found that Mr. Andrews had brought somewhat. The committee for the fund appointed to meet at three o'clock, j^ost meri- diem, together with the commission of the Synod. A petition and other papers being brought into the Synod by Dr. Nicolls, 86 MINUTES OF THE [1727. they were read, and referred to the consideration of the committee to bring in overtures upon them. The transactious of the committee last year appointed to meet at Newark, were brought in, read, and approved. Masters Jones, Andrews, David Evans, Cross, Jonathan Dickinson, and Pierson, appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. A letter was presented to the Synod from the ministers of Boston, in New England, as also another from the Presbyterian congregation at New York, referring to the ordination of Mr. Pemberton, and his settlement at New York, and proposing his admission as a member of the Synod ; both which being read, the consideration of that whole affair was referred to the committee to bring in an overture upon it. * Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 22 day, at eight o'clock, ante meridiem, ])Ost preces, sederunt qui supra. Overtured, upon the affair of the congregation at New York, That, although the Synod, according to the representat on then made to them, saw cause last year to find fault with several parts of Dr. Nicoll's management with respect to the public money belonging to the congregation there, yet inasmuch as the body of that congregation have signified by their letter to this Synod, that they are fully satisfied with the Doctor's accounts and conduct in that affair, the Synod think they have no more to do in that matter, saving still the right and privilege of the representatives or others, hereafter to remonstrate their dis- satisfactions, if they have any, in a regular way before Presbytery or Synod ; which overture was approved of. And as to the call and settlement of the Rev. Mr. Pemberton at New York, the Synod does declare that the rules of our Presbyterian constitution were not observed in several respects by that congregation in that matter. This also passed by the Synod, nemine contradicente. And it was put to the vote, Receive or delay the receiving of Mr. Pember- ton as a member of this Synod ; and it was carried for delaying, which delay did not flow from any disrespect to Mr. Pemberton^ or any fault objected against him, but from other reasons. Adjourned till three o'clock, post meridiem. Three d clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. The further consideration of the affair of New York defen:ed till to-morrow morning. Two letters were brought in, one from the party dissenting from Mr. Hous- ton's congregation, and another from the said congregation, which were re- ferred to the committee to bring in overtures upon them. A supplication from a party of Mr. Boyd's congregation, referred also to the committee for the same purpose. The committee appointed to meet at eight o'clock to-morrow morning. Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow, ante meridiem. 23 dai/. Ten o'clock, ante meridiem. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. The affair of New York continued. The affair relating to Mr. Houston's congregation and the disaffected neigh- bours, reassumed. Overtured, upon the affair of Elk River, That inasmuch as although both the Presbytery of New Castle and our Synod have condemned the proceed- ings of that party, who have supplicated for a new erection, yet they appear- ing constantly and firmly resolved not to be reconciled to that congregation as a part of it, in order to attend God's worship in their old meeting-house^ by 1727.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 87 reason of feuds and differences arising between them and somo of the mem- bers of that congregation ; and inasmuch as the erecting of that party as a dis- tinct separate congregation as yet, appears to have an evident tendency to weaken and disable, if not utterly destroy that congregation, by reason of the paucity and poverty of the inhabitants of our persuasion there, partly by reason of the ill situation of the new-meeting-house, which, upon supposition of a new erection, will infer a necessity of joining a considerable part of Mr. Houston's congregation with that new erection, the Synod being desirous of taking healing as well as just measures to determine in that affair, do judge as followeth, viz. First, That that party be allowed to have a new meeting-house in some part of their side of the congregation, yet still to remain a part of that con- gregation until the Presbytery or Synod have more encouragement for a new erection. Secondly, That in order to this, the new meeting-house be removed to any place above six miles distance in a direct line from the old meeting-house, which the said supplicants shall agree upon, and that it be seven miles from any other. Thirdly, That upon the compliance of said party with said terms, Mr. Houston's congregation shall contribute to the removal of the said new meet- ing-house in proportions to their subscriptions. Or, that those supplicants shall be erected into a separate congregation as soon as they, at their own expense, do remove their new meeting-house as aforesaid, and that none that are now orderly members of Mr. Houston's con- gregation, shall be received as members of said erection without the consent of the congregation, or order of the Presbytery. This overture was read before the Synod, and all parties being patiently heard in what they had to offer upon it, and after considerable reasoning upon the whole affair, parties being removed, it was put to the vote, whether this overture should be approved or not, and it was carried in the affirmative unani- mously, save only one dissentient. Ordered, That no minister preach in the said new meeting-house while in that place where it now is. The committee appointed to meet at eight o'clock, Monday morning. Adjourned till ten o'clock, Monday morning. 25 day, Monday, ten o'cloch, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. The affair of New York was reassumed. Masters Andrews, Morgan, Jonathan Dickinson, Pierson, and Webb, ap- pointed to be a committee to meet at New York to accommodate matters of difference between that congregation and the Presbytery of Long Island, and also any other differences that may be among themselves about their church settlement, and particularly to receive Mr. Pemberton as a member of the Synod, or not, as they shall see cause. As to the time of the meeting of the said committee, it is determined that it shall be at such time as the congrega- tion of New York shall agree upon, they giving reasonable notice to the mem- bers of the committee, and the Presbytery of Long Island, that they may meet there together. Ordered, That a letter be writ to the congregation at New Y^ork by Mr. Andrews and the moderator, and another to the Presbytery of Long Island by Masters Anderson and Thomson. And it was further Ordered, That the said committee shall write to Scot- land, giving an account of the affairs of New York congregation, at their own discretion. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. 88 MINUTES OF THE [1728. TTiree o'clock, P. M. Post preces, sederunt qui supra. A paper of protest was brought into the Synod, after all business was done, by Messrs. Jones, David Evans, Webb, and Hubbell, which was ordered to be kept in retentis. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September nest, and then to meet at Philadelphia. 17S8. September 18, 1728. The delegated Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment. Ubi post preces sederunt Ministers: Messrs. Jedidiahv Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Thom- son, James Anderson, Joseph Morgan, George Grillespie, John Pierson, Wil- liam Tennent, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston, Gilbert Tennent, Archibald McCook, Adam Boyd, Jonathan Dickinson, Samuel Pumry, Robert Cross, Noyes Parris. Elders: Messrs. John Budd, John Cochran, Archibald Smith, Richard Allison, John Hutton, John Cross, Robert Linton, Moses Rolph, Roger Train, Arthur Park, Nathaniel Hazzard, William More. Mr. Andrews was chosen moderator, and Mr. Boyd was chosen clerk. Mr. Pierson opened the Synod with a sermon upon 2 Tim. iii. 5. Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. Masters Craighead, William Tennent, Anderson, Thomson, Cross, Dickinson, and the moderator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and any other business that the Synod shall recommend to them. Masters Houston and Boyd ordered to revise the Presbytery book of Phila- delphia. Masters William Tennent and Pierson appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Castle. The Presbytery book of Long Island was not brought, and the reason of it was sustained. Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found that Mr. Anderson had brought somewhat. And it was recommended, that the appointment in reference to the raising collections for the fund be carefully observed for the future. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at eight o'clock, to-morrow, ante merid. together with the commissioners of the Synod. Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Gillespie, appointed to be the commissioners of the Synod for the year ensuing. Ordered, That the committee appointed last year to go to New York, bring in their minutes relating to that affair to-morrow morning. Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow, ante meridiem. \^th day, ten d clock, A. M. post preces, sederunt qui supra. Agreed that the interest of Mr. William Tennent's bond be remitted till this time. Agreed to take Mr. Tennent's own bond for that money due to the Synod for which Mr. McNish's estate was engaged. Ordered that the committee meet at four o'clock. Adjourned till five o'clock, pos< merid. At Jive o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed last Synod to meet at New York, in order to inspect into the affairs of that congregation, as also to consult about Mr. Pem- berton's admission as a member of the Synod, having produced their minutes, 1728.] SYNOD OF PIIILADELPniA. g^ and the said minutes being read and considered,* the following questions were proposed to the vote of the Synod. 1. Whether the comuiittee had authority from the Synod to consider the admission of Mr. Pemberton as a member of the Synod, without previously • The miuutes of the committee that met at New York, November 15, 1727. New York, November 15, 1727. According to the appointment of the Synod of Philadelphia, the committee for the affair of the Presbyterian congregation at New York, convened at New York the time above mentioned, ubi post preces sederunt, Messrs. Morgan, Pierson, Webb, and Jonathan Dick- inson. Mr. Pierson chosen moderator, and Mr. Dickinson clerk. Mr. Webb having at the Synod last sitting at Philadelphia, signed a protestation and withal declared his purpose to join no more with the Synod, he does now before this committee retract that his declaration of withdrawal from the Synod, and declare his future purpose of continuing a member of and joining with the Synod. Adjourned till five o'clock, post merid. At five o'clock, post merid. post preces sederunt qui supra. After hearing several debates between Dr. NicoU and some others that offered com- plaints against Dr. NicoU, the committee saw it necessary to put off the further consid- eration thereof till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. \(Jth day at nine o'' clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair between Dr. NicoU and some others of this congregation being reassxuned, the Committee found it necessary to defer it till the next sederunt. Adjourned till three o'clock, post merid. At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee having used their endeavours to procure a reconciliation between Dr. NicoU and Masters Liddell, Blake, and Ingliss, and to have the differences between them relating to the Presbyterian church at New York amicably healed, have the satisfaction and comfort of their coming now into an happy agreement on these following terms. 1. That Masters Liddel, Blake, and Ingliss, shall, as soon as with convenieney it can be done, make over and convey all their right, title, and interest in the Presbyterian church or meeting-house in New York, to the Rev. Masters William Mitchell, William Wisheart, William Hamilton, Miller, and Hart, ministers in Edinburgh, in North Britain, and to Dr. John NicoU abovesaid, in trust for the use of the Presbyterian Congregiition in New York, and to and for no other use whatsoever. And that by the same instrument of conveyance, they authorize and impower the Presbytery of Edin- burgh, for the time being, from time to time, and at any time hereafter, to appoint and put in trust, under their hands and seals, whomsoever they shall think proper, in the room and place and with the full power and authority of any of the said gentlemen above mentioned, upon his or their death, and of all of them successively upon their decease. 2. That Dr. NicoU do cancel and make void what bonds of the said Liddel, Blake, and Ingliss, he has in his hands, either given to him by them, or assigned to him by any others that were given on account of the said Presbyterian church or meeting-house in New York, and that he free and indemnify them from all former obligations to him on ac- count of said church, and particularly from a bond conjunctly given by him and them unto Mr. Samuel Bayard. 3. That the said Dr. NicoU do give a bond of two thousand pounds to the above mentioned' ministers of Edinburgh, that neither he nor his heirs shall alienate his or their right, title, or interest, in the above mentioned church, or meeting-house, or the ground there- unto belonging, from the use of a Presbyterian congregation in New York, for ever. And also that, as soon as the said Dr. NicoU shall be paid and reimbursed what is due to him on account of the said church, or meeting-house, and ground, that he will also make over his right and interest in the said house and ground, to the above mentioned minis- ters of Edinburgh, in the same form, and to the same intents and purposes as the said Liddel, Blake, and Ingliss, shaU do. And also, that Dr. NicoU shall oblige himself by a bond of five hundred pounds, to be given to Masters John Pierson, Ptobert Cross, and Jonathan Dickinson, that, notwithstanding his mortgage upon the said church, or meeting- 12 90 MINUTES OF THE [1728. considering what the Presbytery of Long-Island had to offer in that affair. Car- ried in the negative by a great majority. 2. Whether the Synod approve of the conduct of the committee with relation to the divisions of the said congregation. Carried in the affirmative nemine contradicente. 3. Whether Mr. Pemberton be allowed as a member of this Synod, by virtue of what the committee has done. Carried in the negative. 4. Whether notwithstanding of all the irregularity that was in the accession of Mr. Pemberton to New York, the Synod do now accept him as a member. Carried in the affirmative nemine contradicente. And it is left to Mr. Pemberton and the congregation, to join what Presby- tery they shall think fit. ^ Diverse papers of complaint against Mr. Morgan were read, the consideration of them deferred till to-morrow. Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow, A. M. 20^^ day at eight o'clock, ante merid. post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of Mr. Morgan reassumed, and the further consideration of it deferred till afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. At three d clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. As to the accusations against Mr. Morgan, the Synod judges in the several articles as followeth. As to the first article the Synod judges that Mr. Morgan's declaration of his judgment in that affair is satisfactory. house, he will concur -with such men as the said ministers of Edinburgh shall ap- point, in the sale of such pews in the said church as shall be ordered to be sold by the major part of the said Presbyterian congregation in New York. 4. It is also agreed by Dr. Nicoll, that no reparation or addition shall be made to the said church without the consent and direction of the major part of the congregation, and upon their charge. 5. It is agreed, that the congregation shall, if they please, by a majority of votes, choose five men as public managers or representatives. And the said Dr. Nicoll does also agree that whosoever of the congregation desires it, shall have copies at their own charge, of whatever papers are now in his hands that refer to the building of the Pres- byterian church in New York. As an evidence that the abovesaid Masters Liddel, Blake, and Ingliss, do consent and agree to all the abovesaid articles, they hereunto set their hands in the presence of the committee. John Nicoll, Thomas Ingliss, John Blake, Joseph Liddell. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. » 17 day, at nine o^ clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. Being proposed to the committee, and agreed upon by Dr. Nicoll and several members of the congregation, that there be two men chosen by the congregation to account with said Dr. Nicoll, from time to time, for whatever money he shall receive towards the pay- ment of the debt due to him from the church, the committee approve of the overtui-e and recommend it to the congregation. Mr. Pemberton appearing before this committee and desiring admission, as a member of the Synod of Philadelphia, promised upon such admission all subjection to the said Synod in the Lord, the committee can see no reason why such admission should be re- fused or delayed, and do therefore admit him as a member of the said Synod. The committee having received a letter from the commission of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, wrote an answer thereunto, representing thereby the present state of the congregation of New York, and then concluded. 1728.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 91 As to the second article the Synod judges that it laid no foundation for a public accusation. As to the third article, the Synod agree that Mr. Morgan's answer in refer- ence thereto is sufficient, and that the accusers had no just ground of separa- tion on that score. As to the fourth article, 1. The Synod do bear their strongest testimony against the practice of judicial astrology. 2. That the Synod think they have sufficient evidence that Mr. Morgan is far from approving that art, and has given all his accusers sufficient grounds of satisfaction in that matter, both pub- licly and privately. 8. The Synod judge Mr. Morgan's accusers to be very culpable in bringing in this article against him, when they have sat peaceably under his ministry, and partook with him in sealing ordinances many years after the things were done that they complain of. 4. And after all, the Synod cannot clear Mr. Morgan from imprudence and misconduct in making the two alleged experiments of that kind, if the reports be true, were his ends never so good and laudable. As to the fifth article, although the Synod do not approve promiscuous dancing, yet they judge it a clear indication of the captious and querulous spirit of Mr. Morgan's accusers, that they offisr such a complaint against him. As to the sixth article, the Synod have satisfying evidence that the accusa- tion is false in fact. As to the seventh article, it also appears to the Synod, (notwithstanding any evidence brought to confirm it,) to be a groundless prosecution against one, who has ever been esteemed a temperate man. However, if there be any other evidence against Mr. Morgan in this article, as is alleged by some of his accusers, they may offer such evidence to the Presbytery of Philadelphia, to which Mr. Morgan belongs. There being an overture presented to the Synod in writing, having reference to the subscribing of the Confession of Faith, &c. the Synod judging this to be a very important affair, unanimously concluded to defer the considera- tion of it till the next Synod ; withal recommending it to the members of each Presbytery present to give timeous notice thereof to the absent members, and it is agreed that the next be a full Synod. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 21st day at nine ddock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The Presbytery of Philadelphia having referred the consideration of an appeal, from sundry persons excommunicated by Mr. Jones, to the Synod, the Synod have deferred the same till Monday morning at ten o'clock, in order that Mr. Jones may have notice thereof; also ordered, that the appellant give Mr. Jones an account of this minute this day. The Synod having considered the affair of the people that appealed to them from the Presbytery of New Castle, came to this conclusion, that the minutes of the last year's Synod with respect to them be complied with ; and further agree that they shall build no other meeting-house in another place besides that chosen by them, without the approbation of the Presbytery or Synod first obtained. Adjourned till eight o'clock on Monday morning. 23f? day, at eight dcloch, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Letters came to the Synod from Mrs. Catharine Wood, who stands excom- municated by the Baptist Church in Philadelphia, complaining against the censure of that Church, and desiring the Synod to relieve her ; which being considered by an interloquitur of the Synod, it was agreed that a letter should be writ to that church, desiring a conference between three or four of them and 92 MINUTES OF THE [1729. as many of us relating to that affair ; which letter being wrote and delivered, and no answer from them yet come, the Synod agreed to leave the considera- tion of any answer that might be brought, and what else may occur about that matter, to the management of the commission of the Synod, the time of the Synod's sitting being near expired. The Synod having received several letters from sundry persons at New York, full of complaints against diverse persons, without timeously advertising said persons thereof, for ought that we know, that they might take measures to justify themselves, the Synod would take no cognizance of these complaints by reason of the absence of the parties complained of, but remit them to the Presbytery, which the congregation shall be annexed unto by their own choice, to inspect into these matters, fend withal do earnestly request all parties there to lay aside all heats and animosities, and endeavour for peace as much as pos- sible. In the mean time the Synod allows the complainants, viz : Masters Blake, Ingliss, and Liddell, to join with any neighbouring congregation of our communion, as to sacramental communion, until said differences are happily removed. And it is the advice of the Synod, that the contending parties there about accounts, do choose suitable persons to adjust and settle them. And for the demand of Mr. Anderson of money, that he says is due to him, the Synod do earnestly recommend it to the congregation to inspect into that affair, Mr. Anderson being willing to refer his demand to the judgment of any prudent indifferent persons, that themselves shall choose, which in the judgment of the Synod is so fair on his side, that they cannot but think it must needs lead to an end of that ditferenee. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. At three o^ clock, P. 31. post pi'eces sederunt qui supra. Six persons that were excommunicated by the Rev. Mr. Malachi Jones, namely, George Renock and his wife, Robert Poke, William Renock and his wife, and Henry Jameson, appealing to the Presbytery of Philadelphia, from the sentence of excommunication passed against them, and the Presbytery having referred that matter to the determination of the Synod ; after hearing two of the appellants and two of Mr. Jones's church, (whereof one was an elder,) declaring what they knew of the offences charged against the appel- lants, as also read and considered the extract of the minutes of the excommu- nication ; the Synod, after due deliberation, came to this conclusion : That whereas the appellants do fi*eely own, in their own names, and in the names of them that are absent, their breaking away from the communion of Mr. Jones's church, without previous application made for certificates of dismis- sion, was a disorder and a fault for which they are very sorry, and do ask for- giveness of God and all those that they did offend by this disorderly step ; the Synod does appoint, that upon -their acknowledging this their offence, by a writing read or offered to be read in Mr. Jones's congregation, the said appel- lants shall be absolved from the aforesaid sentence, and so be free to join with what congregation they please. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to meet at Philadelphia at 11 o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1729. September 17th, 1729. The Synod met according to appointment, uhi post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Thom- son, James Anderson, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston, Gil- bert Tcunent, Adam Boyd, Jonathan Dickinson, John Braduer, Hutchinson, Thomas Evans, Daniel Elmer, Stevenson, William Tenncnt, Hugh Conn, John Orme, George Gillespie, John Willson. 1729.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 93 Elders : Messrs. John Budd, William Blair, John Allen, James Galbreath, Moses Rolf, John Thomson, John Devor, Solomon Carpenter, William Wil- liams, Edmund Crapper, Jonathan Fithian, George Renocks, John Cross. Ministers absent : Masters Joseph Morgan, Pemberton, Cross, Webb, Pumry, Stewart, and Hook. J\Ir. Andrews opened the Synod with a sermon on Col. iii. 17. Mr. Anderson chosen moderator, and Mr. Thomas Evans clerk. Adjourned till eight o'clock to-morrow morning. 18 daij, at ci(jlit o'clock, A. M. j^ost preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. In calling over the roll we found that since our last the Rev. Mr. Malachi Jones, heretofore a member with us, and the Rev. Mr. Archibald McCook, were departed this life. The Synod inquiring into the reasons of the absence of Mr. Parris, were informed that he is disorderly withdrawn, and gone to New England, under the imputation of scandal, and it is ordered, that Mr. Dickinson do write a letter to Boston relating the circumstances of said affair. Masters Andrews, Dickinson, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Conn, Budd, and the moderator, be a committee for the fund, or any other business that the Synod shall recommend unto them. Masters Houston and Bradner ordered to revise the Presbytery book of Phi- ladelphia, and Masters Gilbert Tennent and Elmer to revise the Presbytei'y book of New Castle. The Presbytery book of Long Island was absent. Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found that the members have been generally defective in that matter, and it was re- commended that the appointment in reference to the raising collections for the fund, be carefully observed for the future, and that the Synod's letter relating to it be read yearly in the congregations within our bounds as formerly. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at three o'clock, P. M. tO' gether with the commission of the Synod. Masters Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Gillespie, appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the ensuing year. The affair relating to the confession under our consideration since our last, is referred to the committee to draw up an overture upon it. Inquiry being made with respect to Mrs. Catharine Wood, it was found that endeavours had been used in order to accommodate said affair, but to little purpose hitherto ; and the said affair is wholly left to the management of any Presbytery to which she shall apply, as they shall see cause. And the better to enable the said Presbytery to conduct themselves in it, the Synod, having been informed that her old friends, the Baptists, say that they have nothing to object against her, and that any other society are at liberty to receive her, if they shall see cause, they do judge that she is virtually released from the cen- sure she laid under, and therefore that she may be received as a member of a Christian church, if the differences between her husband and her were accom- modated, for any thing that appears to them. The Synod being informed that our former minute relating to arrears claimed by Mr. Anderson from the congregation at New York, was not complied with, they do recommend the said afiair to the inspection of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. 19 day, at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. The Rev. Mr. John Willson coming providentially into these parts, signify- 94 MINUTES OF THE [1729 ing his desire of being admitted as a member of the Synod, his credentials being read, and the Synod satisfied therewith, he was unanimously received. The committee brought in an overture upon the afi'air of the confession, which, after long debating upon it, was agreed upon in hsec verba. Although the Synod do not claim or pretend to any authority of imposing our faith upon other men's consciences, but do profess our just dissatisfaction with, and abhorrence of such impositions, and do utterly disclaim all legisla- tive power and authority in the Church, being willing to receive one another as Christ has received us to the glory of Grod, and admit to fellowship in sacred ordinances, all such as we have grounds to believe Christ will at last admit to the kingdom of heaven, yet we are undoubtedly obliged to take care that the faith once delivered ts the saints be kept pure and uncorrupt among us, and so handed down to our posterity; and do therefore agree that all the ministers of this Synod, or that shall hereafter be admitted into this Synod, shall declare their agreement in, and approbation of, the Confession of Faith, with the Larger and Shorter Catechisms of the Assembly of Divines at West- minster, as being in all the essential and necessary articles, good forms of sound words and systems of Christian doctrine, and do also adopt the said Confession and Catechisms as the confession of our faith. And we do also agree, that all the Presbyteries within our bounds shall always take care not to admit any candidate of the ministry into the exercise of the sacred function but what declares his agreement in opinion with all the essential and neces- sary articles of said Confession, either by subscribing the said Confession of Faith and Catechisms, or by a verbal declaration of their assent thereto, as such minister or candidate shall think best. And in case any minister of this Synod, or any candidate for the ministry, shall have any scruple with respect to any article or articles of said Confession or Catechisms, he shall at the time of his making said declaration declare his sentiments to the Presbytery or Synod, who shall, notwithstanding, admit him to the exercise of the ministry within our bounds, and to ministerial communion, if the Synod or Presbytery shall judge his scruple or mistake to be only about articles not essential and necessary in doctrine, worship, or government. But if the Synod or Presby- tery shall judge such ministers or candidates erron&ous in essential and neces- sary articles of faith, the Synod or Presbytery shall declare them uncapable of communion with them. And the Synod do solemnly agree, that none of us will traduce or use any opprobrious terms of those that diifer from us in these extra-essential and not necessary points of doctrine, but treat them with the same friendship, kindness, and brotherly love, as if they had not differed from us in such sentiments. Mr. Morgan sent a letter to the Synod giving his reasons for his absence, which were sustained. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. All the ministers of this Synod now present, except one that declared him- self not prepared, viz. Masters Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Thomson, James Anderson, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston, Gilbert Tennent, Adam Boyd, Jonathan Dickinson, John Bradner, Alexan- der Hutchinson, Thomas Evans, Hugh Stevenson, William Tennent, Hugh (]onn, George Gillespie, and John Willson, after proposing all the scruples that any of them had to make against any articles and expressions in the Confession of Faith and Larger and Shorter Catechisms of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, have unanimously agreed in the solution of those scruples, and in declaring the said Confession and Catechisms to be the con- 1729.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPIIIA. 95 fession of their faith, excepting only some clauses in the twentieth and twenty- third chapters, concerning which clauses the Synod do unanimously de- clare, that they do not receive those articles in any such sense as to suppose the civil magistrate hath a controlling power over Synods with respect to the exercise of their ministerial authority ; or power to persecute any for their religion, or in any sense contrary to the Protestant succession to the throne of Great Britain. The Synod observing that unanimity, peace, and unity, which appeared in all their consultations and determinations relating to the afiair of the Confes- sion, did unanimously agree in giving thanks to God in solemn prayer and praises. A supplication from the congregation of New London, as also another sup- plication from the congregation of Upper Elk, being read and heard, the con- sideration of them was delayed till our nest. Ordered, That Masters William Tennent, and Gilbert Tennent, Willson, and Elmer, be a committee to inspect into the business between Mr. Bradner and Samuel Nealy, which was transmitted from the committee to the Synod. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. 20th day at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. The affair of New Loudon and the congregation of Upper Elk was reassumed, and after a long debate and deliberate consideration upon it, the Synod agreed to abate half a mile of the distance from the meeting-house of Upper Mk, under which they were limited by a former act of the Synod for building of a new meeting-house. Application from the people of Wallakill being presented to the Synod by their commissioner, John McNeal, representing their request of supplies of preaching among them, they were recommended to the care of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. Adjourned till ten o'clock, Monday morning. 22fZ doT/, at ten o'clocJc, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. The committee appointed to inspect into the affair between Mr. Bradner and Samuel Nealy, brought in their determination upon it, which was approven by the Synod, and is as follows. Whereas the reverend Synod appointed a com- mittee to hear and oifer an overture upon an affair in debate between Samuel Nealy and his wife on the one part, and John Carpenter, belonging to Mr. Bradner's charge, on the other part, issuing in the said Nealy and his wife their exclusion from sealing ordinances ; it is humbly offered, that according to what appears to said committee, it is by them resolved, that the Rev. Mr. Bradner release said Nealy and his wife from the censure they are laid under, they returning cheerfully and fully to their duty, and that mutual amity and Christian affection be exercised towards each other by all parties concerned with relation to this affair. A motion being made to know the Synod's judgment about the directory, they gave their sense of that matter in the following words, viz : The Synod do unanimously acknowledge and declare, that they judge the directory for worship, discipline, and government of the church, commonly annexed to the Westminster Confession, to be agreeable in substance to the word of God, and founded thereupon, and therefore do earnestly recommend the same to all their members, to be by them observed as near as circumstances will allow, and Christian prudence direct. Overtured That the Synod do bear their testimony against, and declare m MINUTES OF THE [1730. their great dissatisfactioQ at the religious law-suits that are maintained among professors of religion, so contrary to that peace and love which the gospel requires, and the express direction of the Holy Ghost, 1 Cor. vi. 1, 2, 3, and consequently very much to the scandal of our holy profession. And that, therefore, the Synod do recommend to all the ministers within our bounds, to use their utmost endeavour to bring their several and respective congregations into a joint agreement to avoid to their utmost all unnecessary law-suits for the future, and to refer such diflferences as cannot be easily accommodated between the parties themselves, to some prudent, religious, and indifferent friends, if it may be of our own profession, mutually chosen by the contend- ing parties, or otherwise, as such society shall think best, to decide and deter- mine such differences. This ^overture was approved by the Synod nemine contradicente. Mr. Gelston representing to the Synod, the desire of the congregation of New London to have indifferent men chosen for a perambulation in order to accommodate the situation of a meeting-house for them, which being put to vote, was carried in the negative. Upon which there was a protest presented against the proceeding of the Synod in this affair, signed by Robert Finney and James Muir. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. At three o'cloch, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod be read. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, and then to meet a full Synod at Philadelphia, at eleven o'clock, ante meridiem. Concluded with prayer. 1730. The Synod met according to appointment, September \Qth, 1730. Vhi post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Thom- son, James Anderson, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, Joseph Houston, Wil- liam Tennent, David Evans, Gilbert Tennent, Adam Boyd, Alexander Hutch- inson, Joseph Morgan, Daniel Elmer, Thomas Evans, Ebenezer Pemberton, Ebenezer Goold. Elders : Messrs. John Budd, John Montgomery, James Turner, Robert Finney, William Miller, James Whitehead, Francis Alexander, William Brad- ford, Nathaniel Hazzard, Alexander White. Ministers absent : Messrs. Cross, Dickinson, Conn, Orme, Stevenson, Stewart, Bradner, Webb, Pumry, Hook, and Wilson. Mr. William Tennent chosen moderator, and Mr. Houston clerk. Mr. Anderson, the last moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon on 1 Tim. vi. 20. Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. The reasons of Mr. Pemberton's absence last year sustained. Mr. Dickinson being absent there could be no account of his writing to New England in relation to Mr. Parris his irregular withdrawing, according to the last year's appointment. Masters Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Anderson, and the mo- derator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and for any other business that the Synod shall recommend unto them. Masters Boyd and Hutchinson ordered to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia. The Presbytery book of New Castle not being filled up, was not brought. Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found 1730.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 97 that Masters Gillespie, Pierson, Boyd, and Houston, had brought collections •which are to be delivered to the committee for the fund. And it is agreed that the collections for the fund be continued yearly. Masters Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Gillespie, ap- pointed to be the commissioners of the Synod for the year ensuing. Ordered, That the commissioners of the Synod report what they have done since the last Synod, after the minutes are read. A letter from Mrs. Catharine Wood to the Synod ; the Synod refers the con- sideration of said letter to the committee of the Synod. The Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that what was ordered by the last Synod in relation to New York congregation and Mr. Anderson, is happily ac- commodated. Mr. Elmer desiring time last Synod to consider of the Synod's declaring to the Westminster Confession and Catechisms, &c. ; and Mr. Morgan and Mr. Pemberton being absent, do all now report that they have declared before the Presbytery, and desire that their names be inserted in our Synodical records. Ordered, That the committee meet to-morrow at eight o'clock, A. M. and the Synod at ten o'clock, ante merid. VI th day at ten o'clock, A. M. post pi-eces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. Mr. Hook and Mr. Webb sent their letters of excuse for their absence, which were sustained. Mr. Cross' letter of excuse for this year's absence was not sustained. Ordered, That Mr. Andrews write to Mr. Bradner, that the plain intent and meaning of the last year's minute, with respect to him and Samuel Nealy and his wife, was, that there should be no censure upon Nealy, for things past, but that NeaJy's returning to his duty, was, Ms returning to a Christian deport- ment to Mr. Bradner as a minister of the gosjyel, and accordingly Mr. Brad- ner was to treat him. And it is the judgment of the Synod, that he the said Nealy, be received to communion unless new matter of scandal appear against him. Upon the reading of our last year's minutes in relation to the situation of Mr. Gelston's meeting-house, that was represented to the Synod by several members of the New Castle Presbytery, that Mr. Gelston's people have not fulfilled the order of the Synod as to the moving of their meeting-house, having entered their protest against the Synod's proceedings in relation thereunto. The Synod, after much discourse upon this aifair, at last came to this resolu- tion, viz : that certain persons be appointed to perambulate the bounds and confines of Mr. Houston's and Mr. Gelston's congregations, and to make a representation of what discoveries they can make, in order to bring the matter of diiference between those congregations to an amicable accommodation ; and if Mr. Gelston's congregation will cordially encourage and support said per- sons appointed so to perambulate, and also submit to the judgment of the Synod in pursuance of said perambulation, well; but if Mr. Gelston's congre- gation will either not encourage, support, and assist said perambulation, and do not agree and submit to the judgment of the Synod in pursuance of said perambulation, then the said congregation from thenceforth, shall not be es- teemed by this Synod as an orderly congregation, until they by testifying their repentance, give reasonable satisfaction to this Synod. And in this perambula- tion respect is to be had also to Mr. Boyd's congregation. Mr. David Evans having withdrawn from the Synod three years ago, upon a protest put in by him and some other brethren, declared his hearty concern for his withdrawal, and desired to be received as a member again. And he having proposed all the scruples he had to make about any articles of the 13 98 MINUTES OF THE [1730. Confession and Catechisms, &c. to the satisfaction of the Synod, and declared his adopting the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, agreeable to the last year's adopting act ; he was unanimously received in as a member again ; and for his ease is joined to the Presbytery of Philadelphia. Adjourned till five of the clock, post meridiem. At five of the cloch, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. Mr. John Budd and Mr. Edward Shippen, of Philadelphia; John Parry, jun'r. and James David, of Mr. David Evans's congregation; and Thomas James and Joseph Thomas of Mr. Thomas Evans's congregation, are appointed by the Synod to perambulate tlxe bounds of Mr. Gelston's congregation, accord- ing to the above minute ; and these gentlemen are to have previous and timeous notice from Mr. Gelston's congregation ; which was agreed by the Synod nemine contradicente. Overtured, with respect to Mrs. Catharine Wood, that she may be admitted to communion for the present, till something further appear than has yet appeared against her; which overture was approved by the Synod nemine contradicente. Whereas some persons have been dissatisfied at the manner of wording our last year's agreement about the Confession, &c. ; supposing some expressions not sufficiently obligatory upon intrants; overtured, that the Synod do now declare, that they understand these clauses that respect the admission of in- trants or candidates in such a sense as to oblige them to receive and adopt the Confession and Catechisms at their admission in the same manner and as fully as the members of the Synod did that were then present. Which overture was unanimously agreed to by the Synod. Thomas Caldwell's affair came under consideration, which was deferred until to-morrow morning. Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow, a.nte meridiem. \%th day at ten dcloch. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The affair of Thomas Caldwell reassumed, wherein he complains of the records of the Presbytery of New Castle, for charging him as a contentious person; the Synod after long debate, and hearing all that Thomas Caldwell had to advance, it was carried by a plurality of votes, that he, the said Thomas Caldwell, should acquiesce in the credentials the Presbytery of New Castle has given him. The Synod having received a letter from New Castle on behalf of Mr. John Wilson, soliciting that something might be done to remove some misunder- standings between the congregation there and the Presbytery, respecting the conduct of that Presbytery with relation to him ; this brought on a discourse about Mr. Wilson's behaviour and character, and the transactions of the Pres- bytery of New Castle, pursuant to the account they had of him ; and the members of that Presbytery having acquainted the Synod by word and writ- ing of their carriage towards him, the Synod do judge that, as far as things appear to us, they are not chargeable with any severity to him, but rather the contrary. A letter from Scotland referred to the committee of overtures, to bring in an overture upon it. Adjourned to four o'clock, post meridiem. At four d clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The commissioners of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland; 1731.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 99 having sent over an cstract of their act relating to securing the fobrick of the Presbyterian Church at New York, to the use of a Presbyterian church for ever; and having ordered Dr. Nicoll, to whom it was sent, to show the same to the Synod of their bounds, it was accordingly done ; and the Synod found, by the testimony of two of the proprietors of that house, that it is secured according to the terms of their act. Dr. John Nicoll having wrote to the Synod, about a certain parcel of com- munion-table linen, which Mr. Anderson has now in possession, alleging that Mrs. Burnet, that was the tirst owner, gave said linen to him the said Ander- son, for the benefit of the church whereof he is or shall be minister ; it is alleged to the contrary by Dr. Nicoll by letter. The Synod could not deter- mine any thing in said afiPair, but leave it to the clearest proof. Adjourned till to-morrow, seven o'clock, ante meridiem. Idih day at seven o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui siipra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. A letter from the commissioners of the General Assembly of the church of Scotland to this Synod, relating to some money willed by the late Rev. Dr. Daniel Williams, for the propagating of Christian knowledge in foreign parts ; the said letter was read, and much discourse passed relating thereunto ; the Synod came to this resolution, that Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, and Budd, deliberate and write to the commissioners of the said General Assembly, as likewise to the brethren in New England ; which writing is left to the pru- dence of the said committee. Agreed that the respective collections for the fund for the year ensuing, may be disposed of according to the discretion of the ministers and sessions of the several congregations, and that they give an account of what they do that way to the next Synod. It is agreed by the Synod, that Mr. John Peter Miller, a Dutch probationer, lately come over, be left to the care of the Presbytery of Philadelphia to settle him in the work of the ministry. A letter from Mr. Robert Gordon to Masters Andrews and Cross, relating to Mr. John Wilson, read and considered ; the remains of that affair not yet considered, are left to the discretion, care, and prudence of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. A supplication from Crosswick being read and considered, it is ordered that Mr. Andrews write to said people at his discretion. A letter from the committee of a new erection at Boston, being read and considered, it was ordered that Mr. Craighead write an answer to said letter. The Presbytery book of Philadelphia brought in and approved. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of 7br. next, at eleven of the clock, ante merid. and then to meet at Philadelphia a full Synod. Concluded with prayer. At a Synod held at Philadelphia, September 15th, 1731. Post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, John Thomson, John Pierson, Samuel Gelston, William Tennent, David Evans, George Gil- lespie, Gilbert Tennent, Adam Boyd, Joseph Morgan, Henry Hook, Ebenezer Goold, Joseph Webb, Robert Cross, Alexander Hutchinson. Elders : Messrs. Thomas Craig, James Montgomery, John McClenaghan, William Emmitt, James Abraham, James Kerr, Francis King, Abraham Reevs, John Richy, Peter Bushell. 100 MINUTES OF THE [1731. Ministers absent : Messrs. James Anderson, Jonathan Dickinson, Hugh Conn, John Orme, Stevenson, Stewart, John Bradner, Pumry, Wales, Thomas Evans, Pemberton, Elmer, Houston. Mr. Joseph Morgan was chosen moderator, and Mr. Andrews clerk. Mr. William Tennent, the moderator of the last Synod, opened the Synod with a sermon from 1 Pet. i. 21. Mr. Dickinson's reasons of his absence, sent by Mr. Webb, were sustained. Likewise Mr. Anderson's reasons of his absence per letter were sustained. Mr. Houston being not well, his absence was excused. The minutes of the last Synod ordered to be read. Masters Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Boyd, Cross, and the mod- erator, appointed to be a comiiiittee for the fund, and for any other business that the Synod shall recommend unto them. IMasters Thomson and Boyd, appointed to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia. The Presbytery book of New Castle was not brought, the clerk being absent. Inquiry being made who had got collections for the fund, it was found that Mr. Andrews, Mr. Thomson, Mr. Gillespie, and Mr. Cross, had brought collections ; and that Mr. Pierson's and Mr. Webb's congregations had made collections and disposed of them for the relief of indigent places, agreeable to a vote of the last Synod. And it was earnestly recommended by the Synod to all their members, to use their diligence that the yearly collections for the fund may be duly minded, that said collections may not drop, as there seems danger that they may, in case better care be not taken than has been for some years past. The committee for the fund appointed to meet at eight o'clock, to-morrow morning. Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. 16 day at 10 o'clock, j^ost preces sederunt qui mj^ra. Mr. Pumry's excuse for his absence sent by letter was sustained. Masters Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Grillespie, appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. Mr. Cross's reasons of his absence last year being minuted as not sus- tained, the Synod declare themselves now fully satisfied with Mr. Cross in that matter. Inquiry being made of Mr. Robert Cross, as to his opinion relating to the Synod's agreement with reference to the Westminster Confession of Faith, &c. the said Mr. Cross did declare his hearty concurrence with what the Synod had done in that affair, and that he did accept of and adopt the said Confession of Faith and Catechisms, as the confession of his faith. A letter of complaint brought in by Samuel Nealy against Mr. John Brad- ner, was deferred. The affair relating to Mr. Gelston's meeting-house coming again before the Synod, the said affair was deferred. The Synod received a letter from Mr. William Grant, president of the so- ciety for propagation of (jhristian knowledge in Scotland; and another from the reverend associated ministers of Boston, in New England, (in answer to theirs to them last Synod,) both of said letters bearing relation to the will of Dr. Daniel Williams of London, deceased, the said letters were read and or- dered to be kept in retentis. Adjourned till thi-ee o'clock, post meridiem. 1732.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 101 At 3 o'clock P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. The affair depending between 3Ir. Bradner and Samuel Nealy further delayed. The Synod having considered the affair of Mr. Gelston's meeting-house, find that the perambulation appointed last year was not, in all respects, ob- served, as likewise that no damage, as appears to us, has hitherto accrued to 31r. Houston's congregation by reason of the said meeting-house standing where it is, to prevent which was the chief reason that moved the Synod to make the former act fixing the distance between the two meeting-houses, do now agree that Mr. Gelston's meeting-house shall stand where it is, -without any further dispute about it. This above minute being put to vote, approve or not, it was carried in the affirmative by a great majority. An interloquitur of the Synod appointed to be to-morrow morning at eight o'clock. Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. At ten o'clock, post jyreces sederunt qui supra. The interloquitur was attended according to appointment. The affair between JMr. Bradner and Samuel Nealy was reassumed, and after long reasoning upon it, the Synod came to this conclusion : That, not- withstanding a former minute of the Synod, whereby that affair was deter- mined as things then appeared, yet they have, for sundry good reasons, judged it expedient, that there be a hearing of that matter again upon the spot; and therefore appointed a committee of the Synod to go to Goshen with the full power of the Synod to hear and determine that business. The persons appointed for said committee are Mr. Andrews, Mr. Cross, Mr. Dickinson, 3Ir. Pierson, Mr. "Webb, Mr. Pumry, and Mr. Pemberton, or any three of them, though it is expected they will all use their diligence to go. The time of meeting to be the third Wednesday of May next. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, at two o'clock, P. M., and then to meet at Philadelphia. At a Synod held at Philadelphia, September IQth, 1732. Post preces sederunt Ministers present : Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John Thomson, John Pierson, William Tennent, George Gillespie, Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Jonathan Dickinson, John Cross, Hugh Conn, John Orme, William Stewart, Eleazar Wales, Ebenezer Pemberton, Joseph Houston, Kich- ard Treat, Robert Cathcart, William Orr, William Bertram. Elders present : 3Iessrs. William McMaughan, Hugh Scott, William G-ray, Andrew Hamilton, John Neven, Eobert Linton, Abednego Thomas, William Blair, James Donald. Ministers absent : Messrs. Samuel Gelston, David Evans, Gilbert Tennent, Adam Boyd, Henry Hook, Ebenezer Goold, Bobert Cross, Alexander Hutch- inson, Hugh Stephenson, Samuel Pumry, John Bradner, Thomas Evans, Daniel Elmer, Joseph Webb, Nathaniel Hubbell. Mr. Stewart was chosen moderator, and Mr. Dickinson clerk. Mr. Morgan, the last moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon from Psal. cxxxviii. 2. The Rev. Mr. William Bertram desiring admission into this Synod, and producing most ample testimonials from the Presbytery of Bangor, in Ireland, of his ordination, ministerial qualifications, and regular Christian conversation, 102 MINUTES OF THE [1732 after his declaring his full and free assent unto the Westminster Confession and Catechisms as the confession of his faith, the Synod unanimously and cheerfully complied with his desire of admission as a member of this Synod. The moderator and Mr. Orme not having opportunity before, either in Pres- bytery or Synod, did now declare their hearty assent unto the Confession of Faith and Catechisms of "Westminster, adopting them as the confession of their faith. Ordered, That the minutes of the last Synod be read. The moderator, with Messrs. Orme, Houston, Pemberton, and Wales, offered the reasons of their absence from the Synod last year, which were sustained. Adjourned till nine o'clock tb-morrow morning. 21 day. At 9 o'clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Webb's reasons of his absence, by Mr. Dickinson, and Mr. David Evans's reasons for his absence, sent by letter, were sustained. Masters Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Anderson, and Dickinson, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and for any other business that the Synod shall recommend unto them. Mr. Houston and Mr. Conn appointed to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia. Mr. Andrews and Mr. Dickinson appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Castle. Inquiry being made who had collections for the fund, it was found that Mr. Gillespie had brought something. And it is further most earnestly recom- mended by the Synod to take care that the yearly collections for the fund be not forgotten, but that the respective congregations be earnestly pressed by the ministers to exercise their charity in this matter. The committee for the fund appointed to meet at two o'clock, j)ost merid. Masters Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and Houston, ap- pointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. Inquiry being made of the committee appointed to go to Goshen in May last, it was found that by reason of the great progress of the small-pox on the road, and some other reasons, the appointment was not attended. It is there- fore now recommended to the Presbytery of Philadelphia to take care of that affair, and pursue the most probable methods to heal the unhappy breach be- tween Mr. Bradner and Samuel Nealy, if that difference be not already ac- commodated. Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. At four o'clock, P. 31. post jjrcces sederunt qui supra. Mr. John Cross having but this day been made a member of the Synod, and withdrawing to return home without acquainting the Synod therewith, is voted to be disorderly and irregular. It being overtured by the committee of overtures, that an erection of a new Presbytery in Lancaster county, should be appointed by the Synod, it was voted by a great majority, that Masters Anderson, Thomson, Boyd, Orr, and Bertram, be members of a Presbytery by the name of Dunagall Presbytery. The Synod for some reasons, thought fit to defer the revisal of the Presby- tery books until the next year. Voted by the Synod, ncmine contradicente, that Mr. Orr preach to-morrow night. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, at two o'clock, P. M. and then to meet at Philadelphia. 1733.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 103 1733. At a Synod held at Philadelphia, September 19 (li, 1733. Post jyreces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John Thomson, John Pierson, Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Eleazer Wales, Joseph Hous- ton, Piichavd Treat, Daniel Elmer, George Gillespie, William Tennent, Robert Cathcart, William Orr, William Bertram, Samuel Gelston, David Evans, Adam Boyd, Alexander Hutchinson, Hugh Stevenson, Thomas Evans, Benjamin Campbell, John Nutman, Gilbert Tennent. Elders present : Messrs. William Gray, John Caldwell, Thomas Mitchell, llobert McNight, James Abraham, Thomas Bees, James Young, Benjamin Jones, William Bateman, John Kirkpatrick, Robert Boyd, William Stinson, Alexander White, Abraham Kitchell, Robert Jameson, George Renocks, James Wallace. Ministers absent : Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, John Cross, Hugh Conn, John Orme, William Stewart, Ebenezer Pemberton, Henry Hook, Ebenezer Goold, Robert Cross, Samuel Pumry, Joseph Webb, Nathaniel Hubbell. JMr. Stewart, the last year's moderator, being absent through indisposition, Mr. Thomson opened the Synod with a sermon from Jer. xvii. 9. The roll being called over it was found that the Rev. Mr. John Bradner was dead since our last Synod. Mr. Joseph Houston was chosen moderator, and Mr. Thomas Evans clerk. Messrs. Stewart, Webb, and Hook, sent letters to excuse their absence, which were approven. And upon the representation made by Mr. Treat and others, of the reasons of the absence of Mr. John Cross, he was excused for his absence this year. The reasons of the absence of Mr. Robert Cross, sent by letter, not being satisfactory, the consideration of his absence both last year and this, were deferred till our next. Ordered, That our last year's minutes be read. Masters Boyd, Hutchinson, Stevenson, Gilbert Tennent, Gelston, Elmer, and Thomas Evans, gave the reasons of their absence last year, which were sustained. Masters Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Anderson, Boyd, and the moderator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and any business that the Synod shall recommend unto them. Masters Gillespie and Hutchinson appointed to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia. The Presbytery books of New Castle and Dunagall being absent, Ordered, That they be brought at our next Synod. Ordered, That the committee meet at eight of the clock to-morrow morning. Adjourned till ten of the clock to-morrow morning. 20fh dai/, at fen o'clock, ante meridiem, post ji^'eces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found that Masters Thomson, Anderson, Gillespie, Boyd, and Thomas Evans, had brought something. And it being found that most of our members had ne- glected in times past to bring collections, it was ordered, that every member of the Synod do use their endeavoui's with their respective congregations, to bring collections yearly to the fund, and that in order to their greater success, every member who hath not yet had a copy of the Synod's letter relating to that aflfair, shall not fail to procure one, and improve it with their respective congre- gations and sessions, according to the design thereof. Ordered, That the commission of the Synod bring in an account of their management with respect to the fund, at our next sederunt. Masters Andrews, Anderson, Gillespie, Robert Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, 104 MINUTES OF THE [1733. Craigheadj and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. Inquiry being made of the difference between Mr. Bradner and Samuel Nealy, it was reported that some time before Mr. Bradner's death the breach between them was made up ; the said Nealy submitting to the S^Tiod's deter- mination. The further consideration of Mr. John Cross his withdrawing from the Synod last year, deferred to our next. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. At three d clock, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The commission of the Synodh for liist year brought in an account of their management with respect to the fund, which being read was approved. Upon a supplication of the people of Trenton, presented to the Synod by the committee of the Synod, it was recommended by said committee, that the commission of the Synod do allow something out of the fund to Trenton, as to them shall appear needful, when they are settled with a minister; which overture being read was approved by the Synod, ncmine contradicentc. The affair of Hanover coming under consideration, and many papers being read to give light to the Synod in that affair, it was agreed that the committee bring in an overture on said business at our next sederunt. Ordered, That the committee meet at eight of the clock to-morrow morning. Adjourned tUl ten of the clock to-morrow morning. 21 day, at ten d clock, A. M. Post preces sedei-unt qui siipra. Ordered, That the minutes of our last sederunt be read. The committee having spent much time in reasoning on the affair of Hano- ver committed to them, at length agreed upon an overture on it in the follow- ing articles, viz. First, That the Synod look upon the practice of submitting of congrega- tional affairs to the decision of a lot, though accompanied with sacred solem- nity, to be unwarrantable, inasmuch as lots are only waiTantably used to de- cide matters that can't be otherwise determined in a rational way ; particularly by applying to higher judicatories. Secondly, The Synod do think that in their present circumstances of povei-ty and weakness, it might be very advisable for the people of West Hanover, at least for some time, to join themselves with the congregations of East Hanover, and Basking Bidge, as may be most convenient, until they, as well as the said neighbouring congregations, be more able to subsist of themselves separately. Yet in the mean time, as the case now stands with that people, if re-union between East and West Hanover be found impracticable, according to our above advice, the Synod judge that the people of West Hanover be left to their liberty to erect themselves into a separate congregation. Withal we earnestly obtest and beseech, that nothing be done in that affair that may have a tendency to hurt the interest of religion in those places, so far as in them lies. The above overture being read, was approven by a great majority of votes. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. At three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qtii supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. Mr. Andrews having made a motion to the committee of overtures, that an assistant be allowed unto him in the work of the ministry in this city ; and the committee after discoursing upon it, having recommended the consideration thereof to the Synod, upon this proviso, that if the said motion be allowed or 1733.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 105 approved, there be first a sufficient provision made for an honourable main- tenance of Mr. Andrews, during his continuance among this people ; tlie Synod entered upon the consideration of said motion, and after considerable discourse upon it, it was put to the vote, whether Mr. Andrews should be allowed to have an assistant, if first sufiicient provision be made for his honourable main- tenance during his life among them, and it was carried in the affirmative, ncmine contradlcente. It is further Ordered, by the Synod, That the committee of overtures meet this evening, and consult about what may be necessary to prepare a way for putting the said motion into execution, as well as to prepai-e other business for the Synod. The committee ordered to meet at eight of the clocji to-morrow morning. Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. 22 day. At ten o'clock, A. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The committee reported that the afiair of Mr. Andrews's motion for an assistant is yet under consideration. Upon an overture to the Synod in pursuance of an order of the committee to that purpose, viz. to use some proper means to revive the declining power of godliness, the Synod do earnestly recommend it to all our ministers and members, to take particular care about ministerial visiting of families, and press family and secret worship, according to the Westminster Directory, and that they also recommend it to every Presbytery, at proper seasons to inquire con- cerning the diligence of each of their members in such particulars. This overture was approved, nemine contradicente. Ordered, That each Presbytery take a copy of said overture, together with this order, and insert the same in their Presbytery books. Upon an overture of the committee to the Synod, concerning a representa- tion of Mr. Hugh Stevenson, respecting harsh and injurious usage which he met with from some gentlemen in Virginia, the Synod ordered Mr. Stevenson to lay a representation thereof before them, which he accordingly did in writ- ing. And after hearing the same, and reasoning upon it, it was agreed that a letter be writ by the Synod, and sent to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, together with a copy of Mr. Stevenson's representation, in order to use our interest with that venerable Assembly for our being assisted with money from the societies for the propagation of religion, or elsewhere to enable us to maintain some itinerant ministers in Virginia or elsewhere ; as also to procure their assistance to obtain the favourable notice of the government in England, so as to lay a restraint upon some gentlemen in said neighbouring province, as may discourage them from hampering such itinerant ministers by illegal prosecutions ; and if it may be, to procure some assistance from his majesty for our encouragement by way of regium donuni. Ordered, That Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, and Stevenson, write the above letter, and bring it into the Synod to be approved on Monday morning. Ordered, That the committee meet at eight of the clock on Monday morning. Adjourned till ten o'clock on Monday morning. 24i;7i day, at ten of the cloclc, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. An overture being brought in from the committee of overtures about the ascertaining Mr. Andrews his maintenance, in case of an assistant, the Synod had long discourse about the whole afi'air, and also had conference with some 14 106 MINUTES OF THE [1733 gentlemen members of this congregation, and at last agreed upon the following conclusion. First, That the congregation be allowed to call an assistant to Mr. An- drews. Secondly, That in order to secure Mr. Andrews's maintenance, those gen- tlemen who have expressed a desire of an assistant, shall not diminish, but rather strive, and as much as may be, increase their own subscriptions to him on their part ; neither shall they endeavour to alienate any of the present sub- scription of the congregation from Mr. Andrews. And inasmuch as the pre- sent subscription appears scanty, that all care shall be taken to get new sub- scriptions to Mr. Andrews. Thirdly, That he shall also have all the monthly collections. This was agreed to, nonine contradicente. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. At three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered that the minutes of the last sederunt be read. An overture from the committee upon a motion of a member of the Presby- tery of Philadelphia, that the said Presbytery be divided into two Presbyteries. The Synod approved of the said motion, and it is agreed that Messrs. Jedi- diah Andrews, Morgan, Evans, William Tennent, Treat, Elmer, Goold, and Wales, be members of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and that the rest of the members now in said Presbytery be the Presbytery of East Jersey. Overtured, That something be allowed to the congregations of Basking- ridge and Perth- Amboy, in pursuance of their applications for that purpose, in order to assist them in defraying the charges of their meeting-houses. And also something to a student. AH which was referred to the committee of the fund. Overtured, That something be allowed out of the fund to three ministers' widows, which was also referred to the committee of the fund. Mr. Nutman representing to the Synod, the great difficulties he is fallen under, as to his continuing pastor of the congregation of East-Hanover, by reason of the division and discord between them and the people of West- Hanover; they, viz: of West-Hanover being allowed by this Synod, to erect themselves into a separate congregation, (in case, as per minutes of the Synod,) the Synod considering the same, do earnestly recommend it to the Presbytery of East-New-Jersey to travail with the people of West-Hanover and East- Hanover, in order to prevail with them to agree upon conditions of reunion, at least for a while, until they be better able to subsist apart. But if the Pres- bytery's endeavours to this purpose should not have effect, it is this Synod's judgment, that a dismission may be granted to Mr. Nutman from the peo- ple of East-Hanover, by the said Presbytery, upon his application for the same. Masters Andrews, Thomson, Anderson, and Stevenson, brought in the letter to be sent to the General Assembly of Scotland, which was approved of. Ordered, That two copies of our letter from this Synod to the Grcneral Assembly of the church of Scotland, be sent as per minutes, and that Mr. Andrews is appointed to write and send one, and Mr. Stevenson the other. Ordered, That a particular account of the state of the fund be prepared by the commission of the Synod, in order to bring it in to our Synod next year, to be inserted in our minutes. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of September next, at two of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 1734.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 107 1734. At a Synod held at Philadelphia, SqHanher l%th, 1734. Ubi post preccs sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John Thomson, John Pierson, Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Eleazar Wales, Joseph Houston, Richard Treat, Daniel Elmer, William Tennent, Robert Cathcart, William Orr, David Evans, Adam Bojd, Benjamin Campbell, Samuel Hemp- hill, John Nutman, Gilbert Tennent, Jonathan Dickinson, John Cross, Ebe- nczer Pemberton, Robert Cross, Samuel Pumry, Joseph Webb, Andrew Archbold, James Martin, Robert Jamison, George Gillespie, Henry Hook, Alexander Hutchinson, Ebcnezer Goold. Elders : Messrs. William Gray, Andrew Hamilton, Alexander McNight, Robert lugliss, James Smith, Charles Hufty, William Ramsey, William Blair, David Patterson, James Abraham, James Cochran, Benjamin Beech, Matthias Hatfield, Elias Bailies, Adam Reukin. 3Ir. Ebenezer Pemberton was chosen moderator, and Mr. Daniel Elmer clerk. 3Ir. Houston, last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon from 3!att. V. 16. Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Craighead, Anderson, Boyd, Gilles- pie, Dickinson, and Robert Cross, appointed a committee for the fund, and any other business the Synod shall recommend unto them. Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. The committee appointed to meet at eight of the clock. 19 day, at ten o'cloch, j^ost lyreces sederunt qui supra. The last year's minutes appointed to be read. Ministers absent : Masters Bertram, Hugh Stevenson, Thomas Evans, Hugh Conn, John Orme, William Stewart, Nathaniel Hubbell. Mr. Bertram sent reasons of his absence, which were sustained. Messrs. Pemberton, Dickinson, and Robert Cross, gave the reasons of their absence last year, which were sustained. Mr. Webb and Mr. Nutman appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Castle. Messrs. Orr and Campbell, to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia. Messrs. Houston and Pumry, to revise the Presbytery book of East Jersey. The order with respect to the bringing the Presbytery book of Dunagall, that was made last year, is renewed now. Inquiry being made who had brought collections from their respective con- gregations to the fund, it was found that Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Pierson, Anderson, Houston, Treat, William Tennent, Cathcart, Orr, Evans, Boyd, Webb, and Hutchinson, had brought something. Masters Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Gillespie, Robert Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Craighead, and the moderator, appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. Mr. John Cross having given the reasons of his withdrawing from the Synod without liberty, the year before last, acknowledged the disorder thereof, which acknowledgment was accepted by the Synod. Inquiry being made with respect to the overture made last Synod, in order to revive the decaying power of godliness ; and it being found that it has not yet been fully put into execution, the Synod do not only renew the said order, but earnestly obtest every of our brethren of the ministry, conscientiously and diligently to pursue the good designs thereof. Ordered, That the last year's minutes with relation to Mr. Nutman and the people of Hanover, be further considered. 108 MINUTES OF THE [1734. Ordered, That the account of the state of the fund be brought in the next sederunt. Ordered, That the committee meet at three o'clock, P. M. Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. At four 0^ clock, P. 31. post prcces sederunt qui supra. Minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. The affair of Mr. Nutman and Hanover continued. The consideration of the state of the fund continued. t Adjourned to ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. 20 day^ at ten o'cloch, jwst 2'>reces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The affair of Mr. Nutman further continued. The consideration of the state of the fund further continued. There being a petition from the people of Smithbury, that they may be put under the Presbytery of East Jersey, the Synod complied with the said peti- tion, and appointed that they belong accordingly to the said Presbytery. The affair of Mr. Cross's transportation from Jamaica to Philadelphia came under consideration, and accordingly the minutes of the commission of the Synod, and of the committee appointed by the commission relating to that affair being read, and the commissioners from Philadelphia and Jamaica being heard at length, as to their reasons and arguments pro and con; as also Mr. Cross having declared himself upon that affair, wherein he devolved himself wholly upon the determination of the Synod; and several brethren having proposed queries in reference to the several arguments pro and con, in order to greater light; the Synod defer the further consideration of the whole affair until the next sederunt. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. At three o'clocJc, P. M. p)Ost j^reces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The affair of Mr. Nutman continued. The affair of the fund also con- tinued. The affair of Mr. Cross's transportation from Jamaica to Philadelphia, came again under consideration. Upon which it was proposed by a member of the Synod, that inasmuch as it is suggested that there are not a few of this con- gregation who desire not Mr. Cross's transportation to Philadelphia; and that this congregation may not be cut out of the right that they have, according to our Presbyterian constitution, to offer their objections ; the Synod by a great majority of votes agreed that this affair be deferred until to-morrow morning, and that public advertisement be given this evening to this congregation, that if there be any of this congregation, who have any thing to object against Mr. Cross's being settled here at Philadelphia, they may appear and offer what they have to say upon this affair, that the Synod may judge thereof before they proceed to determine this momentous affair by vote. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. 21 da^, at nine o' clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. The affairs of Mr. Nutman and the fund yet continued. Some overtures brought in by Mr. Gilbert Tcnncnt, deferred. The affair respecting Mr. Cross's transportation from Jamaica to Phila- delphia rcassumed. And the Synod being deeply sensible of <«he great im- portance of the present debate, appointed that a solemn prayer to God for 1734.] SYNOD OF PIIILADELPHIA. 109 assistance and direction be made before we enter upon the consideration of it, and another prayer before we proceed to a vote, which were accordingly done; and after the most critical examination of the affair, and the solemn imploring the divine assistance, the matter was put to vote, and carried against Mr. Cross's transportation. Adjourned till four o'clock, P. 31. At four o^chch, post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. Mr. Nutman's affair still continued; and the affair of the fund continued; and the affair of Mr. Gilbert Tennent, respecting the overtures brought in by him, continued till Monday, P. M. The Kev. Mr. Samuel Hemphill, being recommended by the Presbytery of Straban, in Ireland, to all their reverend brethren, where the providence of God shall call him, and he also bringing ample and satisfactory certificates from the same Presbytery, of his qualifications for and ordination to the sacred ministry, he is, upon his desire, admitted a member of this Synod, and recom- mended to the regards and assistance of whichsoever of our Presbyteries his abode shall be fixed among. An appeal being brought in by Masters John Kirkpatrick and John Moor, from the Presbytery of Dunagall, the Synod appointed that Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, William Tennent, Richard Treat, Alexander Hutchinson, George Gillespie, Thomas Evans, and Henry Hook, be a committee to meet at Not- tingham on the first Wednesday of November next, to hear the said appeal, and to determine it by the authority of the Synod, they bringing an account of their transactions therein to the next Synod. And the Synod do also em- power the said committee to hear any matter de novo, that shall be brought before them by the said John Kirkpatrick and John Moor, with relation to the affair aforesaid, and authoritatively determine thereupon ; appointing also, that if either party do appeal from the determination of the said committee, they shall enter their appeal immediately, that it may be finally determined by the next Synod. Adjourned to Monday at ten o'clock, A. M. 23 dai/, at ten o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The affair of the fund yet continued. Ordered, That Messrs. Anderson, Thomson, Dickinson, and Cross, draw up an overture upon Mr. Gilbert Tennent's overtures, to be presented to the Synod to-morrow morning. Ordered, That the Synod make a particular inquiry during the time of their meeting every year, whether such ministers as have been received as mem- bers since the foregoing meeting of the Synod, have adopted, or have been re- quired by the Synod, or by the respective Presbyteries, to adopt the West- minster Confession and Catechisms with the Directory, according to the acts of the Synod made some years since for that purpose, and that also the report made to the Synod in answer to said inquiry, be recorded in our minutes. Mr. Samuel Pumry, Mr. James Martin, Mr. Robert Jamison, and Mr. Samuel Hemphill, declared for, and adopted, the Westminster Confession, Catechisms, and Directory commonly annexed, the former as the confession of their faith, and the latter as the guide of their practice in matters of discipline, as far as may be agreeable to the rules of prudence, &c. as in the adopting acts of this Synod is directed. Pursuant to act of Synod, found upon inquiry that Mr. William Tennent, junior, Mr. Andrew Archbold ordained, and Mr. Samuel Blair licensed, did 110 MINUTES OF THE [1734. each and every of them declare their assent and consent to the "Westminster Confession and Catechisms, and Directory annexed, according to the intent of the act of Synod in that case made and provided. Kesolved, That the aiFair of Mr. Nutman, from time to time continued, be first considered the next sederunt. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. At three o'doch, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The alFair of the fund continued. Ordered, That Mr. Robert Cross, and the moderator, as soon as leisure will permit, do write a letter to Col. Ogden, in return to his to the Synod bearing date September 16, 1734. The affair of Mr. Nutman and the people of Hanover resumed, and after reading our last year's minutes, and Mr. Dickinson proposing a difficulty con- cerning the obligation of the determination by the lot mentioned in said minutes, whether the obligation of the said determination yet remains binding upon said people, the Synod after much discourse and reasoning about that matter, at length came to a judgment in the following propositions. 1. That the Synod look upon the obligation of a determination of a difference by a lot, to be sacred and binding upon the conscience, if the matter so deter- mined be lawful and practicable, and consequently to act contrary thereunto must be a very great sin. 2. That as the foundation upon which a lot is cast may cease, and the prac- ticableness of acting according to the determination thereof may, in time, cease also, (though for a time it may continue practicable,) in such a case we judge that the obligation thereof doth cease also, because it can never be designed that such an obligation should remain after the design thereof becomes either impossible, or hath been fully obtained. 3. Our determination last year relating to the people of Hanover, did wholly go upon this supposition, that the affairs of that people and their circumstances were so far altered, upon representations then made to us, that we supposed the foundation of said lot, and of the people's acting upon it were ceased, which, whether it be certainly so or not, we do not peremptorily determine, but leave parties to judge thereof as in conscience they can. 4. That however, as in our minutes last Synod, we disapprove of the use of lots, without necessity, yet we are afraid, upon representation, that there hath been much sin committed by many if not all that people, in their profane disregard of said lot in time past, and therefore excite them to reflect upon their past practices in reference thereunto, in order to their repentance. Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 24 day. At nine d clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The affair of the fund continued. Mr. Gilbert Tennent having brought some overtures into the Synod with respect to the trials of candidates, both for the ministry and the Lord's Sup- per, that there be due care taken in examining into the evidences of the grace of God in them, as well as of their other necessary qualifications, the Synod doth unanimously agree, that as it has been our principle and practice, and as it is recommended in the Directory for worship and government, to be careful in this matter, so it awfully concerns us to be most serious and solemn in the trials of both sorts of candidates above mentioned. And this Synod does there- fore in the name and fear of God, exhort and obtest all our Presbyteries to take special care not to admit into the sacred oflfice, loose, careless, and irreli- 1734.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. Ill gious persons, but that tbey particularly inquire into the conversations, con- duct, aud behaviour of such as oifer themselves to the ministry, and that they diligently examine all the candidates for the ministry in their experiences of a work of sanctifying grace in their hearts, and that they admit none to the sacred trust that are not in the eye of charity serious Christians. And the Synod does also seriously and solemnly admonish all the ministers within our bounds to make it their awful, constant, and diligent care, to approve them- selves to God, to their own consciences, and to their hearers, serious, faithful stewards of the mysteries of God, and of holy and exemplary conversations. And the Synod does also exhort all the ministers within our bounds to use due care in examining those they admit to the Lord's Supper. This admonition was approved by the whole Synod. And the Synod does further recommend unanimously, to all our Presby- teries, to take eflPectual care that each of their ministers are faithful in the dis- charge of their awful trust. i\.nd in particular, that they frequently examine, with respect to each of their members, into their life and conversation, their diligence in their work, and their methods of discharging their ministerial call- ing. Particularly that each Presbytery do, at least once a year, examine into the manner of each minister's preaching, whether he insist in his ministry upon the great articles of Christianity, and in the course of his preaching re- commend a crucified Saviour to his hearers as the only foundation of hope, and the absolute necessity of the omnipotent influences of the Divine grace to enable them to accept of this Saviour ; whether he do in the most solemn and affecting manner he can, endeavour to convince his hearers of their lost and miserable state whilst unconverted, and put them upon the diligent use of those means necessary in order to obtaining the sanctifying influences of the Spirit of God ; whether he do, and how he doth, discharge his duty towards the young people and children of his congregation, in a way of catechizing and familiar instruction ; whether he do, and in what manner he doth, visit his flock and instruct them from house to house. And the Synod hereby orders, that a copy of this minute be inserted into the books of each of our Presbyteries, and be read at every of their Presby- terial meetings, and a record of its being read minuted in said books at the beginning of every session, and that there be also an annual record in each Presbytery book of a correspondence with this minute. And in case any minister within our bounds shall be found defective in any of the abovementioned cases, he shall be subject to the censure of the Presby- tery, and if he refuse subjection to such censure, the Presbytery are hereby directed to represent his case to the next Synod. And the Synod recommends to each of the ministers within our bounds to be as much in catechetical doc- trines as they in prudence may think proper. The Synod determines that no minister of our persuasion, in the govern- ment of Pennsylvania, and the lower counties, from this time forward, marry by any license from the governor, till the form of them be altered and brought to a nearer conformity to those of the neighbouring governments of New York and New Jersey ; and particularly till they are altered in such a manner as hath no peculiar respect to the ministers of the Church of England, nor oblige us to any of the forms and ceremonies peculiar to that church ; and do fur- ther agree to refer it to the Presbyteries of New Castle and Donegall con- junctly to make what regulations they see cause for upon the affair of licenses with respect to their own members. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. At three o'clock, P. 31. post preces sederunt qui supra. An account of the fund being brought in, it appears that October the 22d, 112 MINUTES OF THE [1735. 1733, the sum total amounted to five liundred and seven pounds, sixteen shil- lings and ten pence. A reference being made by the Presbytery of New Castle to the Synod concerning Mr. G-elston's suspension, upon the account of drunkenness and some other crimes, the Synod finding Mr. Gelston to be absent, and seeing no reason to take ofi" the suspension, do continue it till our next Synod. The Presbytery books of Philadelphia, New Castle, and East Jersey, were brought in and approved. Ordered, That each Presbytery have a copy of these minutes, and of all the minutes of the Synod annually, for the time to come, and that the clerk be satisfied for writing the said copies out of the fund. Ordered, That the commission of the Synod do take care of the fund. Adjourned to the third Wednesday of September next, at two o'clock, P. M., and then to meet at Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 1735. At a Synod held at Philadelphia, September 17th, 1735. UM post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John Thom- son, Joseph Morgan, James Anderson, Eleazer Wales, Joseph Houston, Richard Treat, Daniel Elmer, Robert Cathcart, David Evans, Adam Boyd, Jonathan Dickinson, John Cross, G-eorge Gillespie, Alexander Hutchinson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Robert Cross, Joseph Webb, Samuel Blair, Andrew Archbold, Robert Jamison, Ebenezer Goold, Thomas Evans, Hugh Stevenson, John Orme, Isaac Chalker, Hugh Carlisle, James Martin. Elders : Messrs. James Gait, William Gray, William Whiteside, Andrew Galbaith, John Latham, Nathaniel Britain, James Bravarb, Ephraim Logue, David Griffith, Samuel Jack, Asa Gildersheve, William McMachin, Samuel James, John Smith, Joseph Steel, William Bratten. Ministers absent : Messrs. John Pierson, William Tennent, William Orr, John Nutman, Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, junior, Samuel Pumry, Simon Horton, Henry Hook, William Bertram, Hugh Conn, Nathaniel Hubbel. Mr. Robert Cross was chosen moderator, and Mr. Richard Treat clerk. Mr. Pemberton, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon on John xii. 26. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. 18 day, at nine of the cloch, post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. Messrs. Pierson, Nutman, Conn, and Bertram, sent reasons of their absence, which were sustained. Ordered, That the last year's minutes be read. Upon calling over the roll it was found that Messrs. Stewart and Campbell are dead since our last Synod. Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Craighead, Anderson, Boyd, Gillespie, Dickin- son, Pemberton, and the moderator, appointed to be a committee for the fund, and any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. Messrs. Thomas Evans, Orme, and Stevenson, gave the reasons of their absence last year, which were sustained. Messrs. Pemberton and Dickinson appointed to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia, and Messrs. Stevenson and Martin the Presbytery book of Donegall. The Presbytery books of New Castle and East Jersey not being brought are ordered to be brought next Synod. Inquiry being made who had brought collections to the fund, it was found 1735.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 113 that Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Anderson, David Evans, Boyd, Dickinson, "Webb, Thomas Evans, Gillespie, and Picrson, had got some. Messrs. Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Gillespie, Dickinson, Pcmberton, Pierson, Craighead, Thomas Evans, and the moderator, appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. Whereas the commission of the Synod did meet some time in April last. Ordered, That an account of their proceedings be brought in after we have finished the reading of the last year's minutes.* • The committee met at Nottingham, according to appointment of the last Synod, and happily accommodated their differences, whose conduct was approved by the Synod, and the account of the whole of this proceeding ordered to be recorded in the Synod book, both minutes and articles of agreement, which was as foUoweth, viz. First, the minutes. At a meeting of the committee appointed by the last Synod to meet at Nottingham, on Wednesday, the Gth day of November, 1734, to settle some differences that had arisen there, ubi post preces sederunt Mr. George Gillespie, Mr. Alexander Hutchinson, Mr. Thomas Evans, Mr. Richard Treat, and Mr. Jedidiah Andrews. Two of the members that were appointed, namely Mr. William Tennent, and Mr. Henry Hook, were absent. Mr. Andrews was chosen moderator, and Mr. Evans clerk. Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod relating to the aflfair now depending, should be read, which was accordingly done. John Kirkpatrick being called, produced several papers relating to the matter of dif- ference between him and Mr. Orr, which were read, as also the minutes of the Donegall Presbytery relating to the said affair, and the committee after just entering upon the affair, finding things too tedious to finish any thing this evening, defer the consideration of the whole till to morrow morning. Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 1th day, at nine o^ clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The matter of difference between John Kirkpatrick and Mr. Orr being reassumed, and the stated members of Donegall Presbytery being interrogated about their present sen- timents, whether, upon a review, and more mature deliberation on said affair, they stood upon a vindication of the whole of their judgment, they did all of them candidly declare their mistake or error in two particulars. 1. In their not hearing and discussing John Kirkpatrick's supplication as they should have done, which they judge might hurt the whole affair. 2. In not giving him copies of some papers as he desired, which omissions they say, were much owing to the want of time, and the disturbance things were in among the people. The committee in an interloquitur, in order to shorten matters, agreed to advise both parties to try to moderate the differences among them, by choosing two indifferent per- sons on each side to labour in the affair, which was done, and the whole afternoon was spent in it. Adjourned to nine of the clock to-morrow morning. 8/A day, at nine a'' clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee inquired whether any thing was done by the persons that were chosen by each party, in order to an accommodation, and found that they had drawn up certain articles, which they thought reasonable for all parties to agree in, which, after much pains and diligence used by said persons, were consented unto publicly, by all parties, and were approved of by the committee, unto the great joy and satisfaction of all con- cerned. On occasion of a motion made by one of the members, the committee thought fit to declare, that though they utterly dislike a captious, querulous frame of spirit and car- riage in any person or people, with respect to ministers and their preaching, yet they hold that people have the privilege of a judgment of discretion upon what they hear in the public ministry ; which privilege we judge notwithstanding should be prudently and soberly used, with regard to God's glory and the edification of his Church and people. And whereas, some things have been uttered by Mr. Orr in his public ministry, which have been thought by some, not so well guarded as they should have been, upon an im- 15 114 MINUTES OF THE [1735 Inquiry being made, according to the order of last Synod, whether those admitted into any of our Presbyteries since last Synod have adopted the West- minster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, &c. according to the adopting act of the Synod, it was reported, that Messrs. Isaac Chalker, Simon Horton, and Samuel Blair, ordained by the Presbytery of East Jersey, and Mr. Hugh Carlisle, admitted into New Castle Presbytery, have done it in the several Presbyteries according to the order aforesaid. And Messrs. Isaac Chalker portant point of divinity, the committee does, in true brotherly Christian affection, re- commend it to Mr. Orr, to be watchful and careful how he express himself on such mo- mentous doctrines for the future, tiiat all occasion of exception may be evaded. Whereas John Kirkpatrick, Hugh Kirkpatrick, John Moor, and John Smith, repre- sented to the committee that they laboured under some difficuUy with respect to an ob- ligation wherein they stand bound to make good Mr. Orr's maintenance, from which, in order to preserve the present peace among them, they desire to be released, the com- mittee recommended it to the congregation to get new bondsmen, and release the said persons from the said obligation. It being also represented by John Kirkpatrick and John Moor, that they are difficulted about a bond they stand bound in, for building the meeting-house, which should have been paid before now, and for which they are in fear of being troubled, the committee recommend it to the members of the congregation to take care to pay off said bond as soon as possible may be. Concluded with prayer. Secondly, the articles of agreement. Nottingham, 95r. 1th. 1734. Whereas it is this day recommended by the Reverend Committee to the contending parties, that they choose, each party, two persons to assist them to come to terms of agreement, in order to put an end to the present tedious controversy in a way of mutual concession and acknowledgment to each other, we, the persons chosen by the parties for this purpose, having considered the proposals made by both parties to each other, have agreed to make the following proposals to both parties, to be by them acquiesced in and assented unto, otherwise the matter to be remitted to the cognisance of the committee, as if no such proposals had been made. Imprimis. That Mr. Orr acknowledge, that inasmuch as by reason of his natural temper, he is something liable to act with an appearance of too great an air of imperi- ousness, so in some of his managements in the session, he might be faulty in that respect, and is sorry if any thing of this kind hath given offence to John Kirkpatrick and adher- ents, and resolves to guard against any thing of that nature for the future. 2. That Mr. Orr and the session do acknowledge, that they acted with too much lenity towards William Edmeston, considering the circumstances of his sins, and resolve to act with more exact severity for the future. 3. That the congregation acknowledge, that the method they took to deal with John Kirkpatrick, &c. in subscribing such a paper containing such accusations against him of lies, which were not proven, and also the bitter satirical style in which it was writ- ten, was faulty and unjustifiable, and that they are heartily sorry for their so doing, and resolve never to be guilty of the like again. 4. That William McGill be restored to church privileges, without inquiring into the justice or injustice of his past censure. 5. That John Kirkpatrick, and all his adherents, be restored to their former gospel privileges, so far as is agreeable to gospel rules. 6. That the substance of all the acknowledgment made by the members of this Pres- bytery be recorded in the Presbytery book. 7. That John Kirkpatrick and his adherents acknowledge their rash and imprudent manner of discoursing of Mr. Orr's doctrine, representing it as false and erroneous, and likewise their abrupt and irregular breaking off from the session. 8. That if these articles be acquiesced in by both parties, that they also resolve and promise, mutually to each other, industriously for the future to take care not to repeat past matters of controversy, but bury all in oblivion, and endeavour by all proper means to assist and cultivate true Christian charity and affection. Lastly. That if these articles are agreed to, the same shall be published before the committee, and the several parties shall publicly declare their acquiescence in them ; and after all, the contents hereof be recorded in the Presbytery book. Thus of the business of Nottinghajn. 1735.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 115 and Hugh Carlisle not having seen the adopting act, have now had the same read to them, and do now concur in their assent to the terms of the adopting act. Ordered, That each Presbytery have the whole adopting act inserted in their Presbytery book. Messrs. Pembcrton and Cross did write to Col. Ogdcn, according to order of last year, and he not being yet satisfied, and the case being further opened by Mr. Webb, the Synod order Mr. Dickinson and Mr. Pemberton to bring in a letter for the Synod's approbation to be sent to him. Adjourned till three of the clock, post merid. Concluded with prayer. At three of the doch, post merid. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. The minutes of the last year not being yet finished, ordered to go on with the reading of them. There having been a complaint made by some members of the Presbytery of East Jersey, that the Presbytery are incapable to comply with the excellent design of the act of the last Synod, with respect to the trials of candidates for the ministry, and of the fidelity of their own members in the discharge of their ministerial trust, by reason that several of their members, and Mr. John Cross in particular, neglect to attend the stated meetings of Presbytery, and that Mr. John Cross has, without the concurrence of the Presbytery, removed from one congregation to another : The Synod do declare that the conduct of such ministers that do neglect attendance upon the meetings of the Presbytery without necessity, or that take the charge of any congregation without the Presbytery's concurrence, to be disorderly and justly worthy of Presbyterial censure, and do admonish said Mr. Cross, to be no further chargeable with such irregularities for the future. The Synod esteeming the act of last year with respect to the trial of can- didates for the ministry, and examining into the methods of our ministers' dis- charge of their awful trust, to be of greatest moment and importance, do, in the strongest manner, exhort each Presbytery to an exact compliance with the said act in all the parts of it. And do also exhort all the ministers within our bounds, to take due care in the examination of all candidates for baptism, or that offer to dedicate their children to God in that sacred ordinance, that they are persons of a regular life, and have suitable acquaintance with the princi- ples of the Christian religion; that that seal be not set to a blank, and that such be not admitted to visible church relation that are manifestly unfit for it. Adjourned till nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. 19 da?/, at nine o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. Upon reading last year's minutes relating to marriages by licenses, it is supposed there may be some exempt instances wherein the restraints of that act may be found too severe. The Synod therefore order, that each particu- lar Presbytery shall have full liberty to determine upon, and direct in such exempt cases as they shall think convenient ; provided always, that no min- ister within our bounds shall be allowed to marry by license any members of our established congregations, or others known to be of our communion, with- out certificates from the minister of such congregation ; or in case of the absence of the minister, or of the congregation being without a minister, from some other substantial persons, that such marriage is regular, and that there is no just bar in the way of it. And the Synod do recommend it to all their members that shall be exempted by their Presbyteries and allowed to marry 116 MINUTES OF THE [1735. by licenses, to use the greatest caution that they do not countenance any clan- destine marriages, and especially that they do not marry any that they have reason to suspect to go contrary to the minds of their parents and guardians in seeking it. Ordered, That the account of the fund be brought in before the conclusion of this Synod. The affair of Mr. Gelston's suspension coming under consideration, and there being not time enough to issue it at present, the further consideration of it deferred till our next sederunt. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. V At three o'clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. The affair of Mr. Gelston reassumed ; and the Synod having with all seri- ousness considered the affair of Mr. Grclston, who has for some time past been under suspension by the Presbytery of New Castle, which was the last year continued by the Synod; they observe to their great sorrow, that since his suspension there are various and loud reports of his scandalous behaviour in the High-Lands of New York, which we have too much reason to fear there is some foundation for; we cannot, therefore, at present consent to the restoring him to the exercise of his ministry, but are obliged to continue his suspension. In the mean time we appoint that they that shall be ordered to attend upon the ordination of Mr. Tudor of Goshen, do inquire into the truth of these reports that have been spread abroad with respect to Mr. Gelston's conduct in these parts, and to inform the Presbyteries of New Castle and Donegall conjunctly, who shall have a discretionary power to restore Mr. Gelston if these reports are found false, and Mr. Gelston give them good evidence of sincere repent- ance ; otherwise to continue his suspension till the next Synod ; and that the persons appointed give Mr. Gelston suitable warning of the time of their meeting at Goshen, that he may be present if he sees cause. Approved ne- mine contradicente. Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 20iA day, at nine o'clock, A. 31. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered that the minutes of the last sedertint be read. The reading of the minutes of the last year being finished, the Synod do, according to a foregoing order, enter upon the consideration of the proceedings of the commission last April, and order that the account of their proceedings be laid before them ; which was done. The further consideration of the affair of the commission deferred till Mon- day morning. And it is ordered, that Mr. Hemphill be notified to appear then before them if he sees cause, or has any thing to offer unto them. A supplication being brought into the Synod from the people of Goshen, and also a letter from Mr. Tudor, a candidate of the ministry there, both sig- nifying that he is ready to adopt the Westminster Confession of Faith, &c., and to submit to Presbyterian rules ; and also desiring that the Synod would, as soon as possibly may be, send a committee to said place to attend the ordi- nation of Mr. Tudor there : The Synod do accordingly appoint Mr. Robert Cross, Mr. Pumry, Mr. Webb, Mr. Nutman, Mr. John Cross, and Mr. Chalker, to meet at Goshen the last Wednesday of the next month, October, to attend said ordination, and Mr. Robert Cross to preside in said affair. And the Synod do further appoint for the trials of Mr. Tudor, that he make an exegesis in Latin upon that question, a?i lex naturse sit siifficlcns ad salutem ? and that he preach a popular sermon upon Rom. xi. 6. And the Synod do 1735.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 117 order that the congregation be publicly notified of the appointment, by reading this minute to them on the preceding Lord's day, that if any persons have any thing to object against said proceeding, they may be prepared to lay it before the committee. Ordered, Tiiat the committee of the Synod meet at three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Adjourned to ten of the clock, Monday morning. 22d day at ten o'clock, A. 31. post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the minutes of the last sederunt be read. Upon calling over the roll, it being found that many of the elders have gone home without leaving any reasons for their so doing ; the Synod do order, that such elders as do withdraw from the Synod without leave, shall be left to the censure of their sessions, and report made thereof to the next Synod. And the Synod do recommend it to the several congregations to defray the necessary charges that their elders be at during their attendance upon the Synod. The affair of the commission reassumed. The Synod having notified Mr. Hemphill, that they intend this day to enter upon his affair, and he not appearing but sending a disrespectful and contemp- tuous letter in the following words : " To the Rev. members of the Synod : " By way of answer to the notification which I received Saturday last, I have only to observe, that the dispute between the Synod and me being made public in the world, which was first begun by the commission, what I have at present to offer to the Synod, is contained in an answer to the vindication of the reverend commission now in the press, and will be speedily published, and that I despise the Synod's claim of authority. Your humble servant, " Samuel Hemphill. " Monday morning. " P. S. I shall think you will do me a deal of honour, if you entirely ex- communicate me." The Synod, from the consideration of his contumacy in his errors, his dis- regard of the censure of the commission, and rejecting our communion, do declare him unqualified for any future exercise of his ministry within our bounds, and that this be intimated to all our congregations by each respective minister. Approved nemine contradicente. The brethren appointed to justify the commission against any complaints from Mr. Hemphill, if he should publish any such, having complied with the commission's order in that matter, are desired by the Synod to continue to answer any further publications of Mr. Hemphill's or his friends in that cause, if they shall think it necessary. And it is ordered, that the charge of it shall be defrayed out of the fund. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. 31. post j^rcces sederunt qui supra. The minutes of the last sederunt ordered to be read. An overture being brought into the Synod from Mr. Hook, Mr. Stevenson, Mr. Jamison, and Mr. Martin, desiring that they might be set off from New Castle Presbytery and erected into a Presbytery of themselves ; the Synod do agree that they become a Presbytery under the name of the Presbytery of Lewis-Town, and do order them to meet and constitute the 19th day of No- vember next, at Lewis-Town. Upon a motion made by a member, the Synod do agree that if any of our 118 MINUTES OP THE [1735. members shall see cause to prepare any thing for the press upon any contro- versy in religious matters, that before such member publish what he hath thus prepared, he shall submit the same to be perused by persons to be appointed for that purpose, and that Messrs. Andrews, Dickinson, Robert Cross, Pem- berton, and Pierson, be appointed for this purpose in the bounds of the Synod to the northward of Phihidelphia; and Messrs. Anderson, Thomas Evans, Cathcart, Stevenson, and Thomson, in the bounds of the Synod southward of Philadelphia. Any three of each committee to be a quorum. Approved. An overture from , humbly offered to the consideration of the reverend Synod. The present state of the church of Christ, in respect of the great and almost universal deluge of perniciou^ errors and damnable doctrines that so boldly threaten to overthi'ow the Christian world, doth, we think, afford matter of very deep and serious exercise unto all considering persons, who have the interest of our Lord's kingdom at their heart ; and were it not for the sure, firm, and comfortable promises contained in the infallible records of truth, the pre- sent appearance of things might be thought to presage a most fatal subversion of the kingdom of our Lord, by the success of the kingdom of darkness against it, and so discourage and dispirit the hearts of the true friends and loyal sub- jects of our exalted Lord. But blessed be his name, he is still King in Zion and to the ends of the earth, and will not suffer this so grievous an evil to pre- vail one handsbreadth further nor one minute longer than the measure and time appointed for it; for known unto God are all |iis works from the creation of the world. However, it would seem that the present obvious state of things doth call for something at our hands, more than in a time of prevailing truth and purity in the church. It should seerix that when so many wolves in sheep's clothing are invading the flocks of Christ every where in the world, we who are pas- tors by office and station should exert ourselves in an active and vigilant man- ner for the safety and preservation of our flocks committed to our care, fi'om the assaults of these devouring monsters that are numerous abroad in the world. Surely the late bold assault that hath been made upon us, though blessed be God, without the desired and expected success, as yet, should put us to our arms and excite us with care and diligence to put ourselves in a pos- ture of defence against all future attempts. To this purpose we would humbly propose the following overture as an expedient to prevent the evil of such attempts, viz : That seeing we are likely to have the most of our supply of ministers to fill our vacancies from the north of Ireland, and seeing it is too evident to be denied and called in question, that we are in great danger of being imposed upon by ministers and preachers from thence, though sufficiently furnished with all formalities of Presbyterial cre- dentials, as in the case of Mr. H 11 ; and seeing also what was done last year may be done this year and the year following, viz : we are still liable to be imposed upon by such credentials ; upon these and the like considerations, we humbly overture to this reverend Synod, to make an order to the following purpose : 1st. That no minister or probationer coming in among us from Europe, be allowed to preach in vacant congregations until first his credentials and recom- mendations be seen and approven by the Presbytery unto which such con- gregation doth most properly belong, and until he preach with approbation before said Presbytery, and subscribe or adopt the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, before said Presbytery, in manner and form as they have done ; and that no minister employ such to preach in his pulpit until he see his credentials, and be satisfied, as far as may be, of his firm attachment to said Confession, &c., in opposition to the new upstart doctrines and 1735.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 119 schemes, particularly such as we condemned in Mr. II ll's sermons. And lest some strangers might suffer by the rigorous observation of this order, let it be thus qualitiecl, viz : That the moderator and two of the members of each Presbytery be appoiuted as a standing committee to act presbyterially in that affair as there may be occasion, and to be accountable to their respective Pres- byteries. 2dly. That no congregation be allowed to present a call to any such minister or probationer coming in among us, though never so well certified, until he have preached at least one full half year within the bounds of this Synod. odly. That no congregation be allowed to present a call to any minister or candidate whatsoever, unless some of the brethren, members of the Presbytery unto which said congregation doth belong, have been present with said people to concur with them and moderate in said call, having been previously appointed thereunto by the Presbytery, and that no minister take upon him to moderate in such a case without such an appointment. 4thly. That no student be received to enter upon trials, in order to his li- censing to preach, until he first repair unto the dwellings or lodgings of at least most of the ministers of the Presbytery to which he offers himself, and thereby give them an opportunity to take a view of his parts and behaviour. 5thly. That the Synod would bear testimony against the late too common, and now altogether unnecessary practice of some Presbyteries in the north of Ireland, viz : their ordaining men to the ministry sine titido, immediately before they come over hither, thereby depriving us of our just rights, viz : that we unto whom they are designed to be co-presbyters, and among whom they design to bestow their labours, should have just and fair inspecting into their qualifi- cations ; we say that it seems necessary that the Synod bear testimony against such practice by writing home to the Grcneral Synod, thereby signifying our dissatisfaction with the same. And further, that in said letter or writing to the General Synod of Ireland, that we earnestly desire, that when ministers or pro- bationers are about to come from thence to us, they would besides their Pres- byterial credentials, procure also private letters of recommendation from some brethren there, who are well known to some of our brethren here, to be firmly attached to our good old principles and schemes, inasmuch as the instance of Mr. H 11, and some other considerations to the same purpose, make us afraid lest we may again be imposed upon by men of his stamp, though furnished with all the formalities of Presbyterial credentials. The Synod do agree that no minister ordained in Ireland sine titulo, be for the future received to the ex- ercise of his ministry among us, until he submit to such trials, as the Presby- tery among whom he resides, shall think proper to order and appoint. And that the Synod do also advertise the General Synod in Ireland, that the ordain- ing any such to the ministry sine titido, before their sending them hither for the future, will be very disagreeable and disobliging to us. And the Synod ap- point Mr. Robert Cross, Mr. Thomson, and Mr. Houston, to send the above overture and appointment to the General Synod in Ireland, inclosed in a proper letter unto them. Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 23c? day, at nine o^ clock, A.M. post preccs sederunt qui supra. A reference coming into the Synod from the Presbytery of East-Jersey, complaining of John McXeal's disingenuous conduct in relation to the settle- ment of Mr. Chalker in Bethlehem, and a supplication from said McNeal, containing several complaints against said Presbytery, in reference to their conduct in that affair, with several other papers from several parties concerned 120 MINUTES OF THE [1735. therein, whicli were read, and all partiea being heard what they had to offer, they were removed. And the Synod entering upon the consideration of the affair, do agree that Messrs. Thomson, Thomas Evans, Treat, and Martin, do meet and prepare an overture upon the whole, and bring it in to the Synod as soon as possible. Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. At three of the cloch, P. M. postpreces sederunt qui supra. The members appointed to bring in an overture upon the affair of John McNeal above mentioned, did accordingly do it; and the Synod, after much discourse, do agree in the following particulars. 1st. That from what appears to us, the jealousies which John McNeal had conceived concerning Mr. Chalker, as being averse from conforming to the order of the Synod in respect of our adopting the Westminster Confession, were altogether groundless. 2dly. It appears more than probable, that these groundless jealousies too industriously spread and propagated among the people of Wallkill, have been a principal cause of all the difference which hath fallen out between them and Mr. Chalker. 3dly. That John McNeal hath acted a very disingenuous and sinful part, in seeming to concur with and approve of the motion of ordaining Mr. Chalker at New York, and then immediately after to practise upon the people of Wall- kill at home, to discourage them from adhering to their formerly declared desires of having Mr. Chalker settled among them. The degree of censure to be a rebuke from the Moderator. 4thly. That as we can see no ground of charging the people of Bethlehem or Mr. Chalker with breaking of covenant with the people of Wallkill, so we are of the mind that what of that kind the people of Wallkill were guilty of, which principally appears in their letter or remonstrance to the Presbytery, was chiefly if not wholly owing to John McNeal's industrious spreading his jealousies as above, and possessing the people of Wallkill with them. 5thly. That seeing Mr. Chalker did transport his family from Long-Island to the High-Lands, being encouraged thereto by the people of Wallkill, as well as Bethlehem, with a view of being fixed as pastor of both congregations j therefore we judge that in justice, that people are obliged to contribute accord- ing to agreement, to the discharging the expenses of said transportation, be- sides satisfaction for the supplies which he gave. And we earnestly exhort said people to comply with the design of this minute, that so they may clear their own way, for their being regularly provided with a minister as their cir- cumstances will afford, which we judge they are not qualified for, until they, or as many of them as will be a competent congregation, fit to join in the call- ing of a minister, shall comply with this order; yet, in the mean time, we judge them capable of being supplied by preaching, and not to be excluded from sealing ordinances. We also earnestly exhort them to lay aside all their jealousies and prejudices arising therefrom, and cordially accept of Mr. Chalker for their pastor, according to the first agreement, until such time as they may be in a better condition to support a minister of their own. Gthly. The Synod do also think the Presbytery was too hasty in their pro- ceeding to Mr. Chalkcr's ordination in so short a time after the presentation of his call and trials, and cannot approve of its being performed at such a dis- tance from the people where he was to ofiiciate. The abovementioncd rebuke was given by the moderator, according to order, and said McNeal professed submission to it. A supplication being brought in by the people of Grioucester, representing 1735.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 121 their sad and deplorable circumstances, and desiring the Synod to provide them a minister and some supplies, the Synod recommended it to the consideration of the Presbytery of Philadelphia to look after that affair, and use their dili- gence to send for a miuistor for them as speedily as they can, and in the mean time to provide them all possible supplies. A supplication being brought into the Synod from one part of the Presby- terian congregation of Philadelphia, desiring Mr. Robert Cross to be granted them for their minister, with another paper to strengthen the supplication ; and also another supplication from another part of said congregation, desiring Mr. Jonathan Dickinson to be their minister; the Synod not having time to issue that affair at the present, do defer the consideration of it till to-morrow morning. Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 24//i day, at nine o' dock, post preces sederunt qui supra. A supplication being brought into the Synod by John Boyd, by way of an appeal from the Presbytery of Donegall, in a complaint against Samuel Jack ; the Synod do commit it to Messrs. Andrews, Treat, David Evans, Gillespie, Houston, and Thomas Evans, to go to the Upper Octorara the last Tuesday of October, and consider and determine of the business, and that any three of these to be a quorum ; and it is recommended to the ministers to take elders with them if they can. The Presbytery book of Donegall was brought in and approved. The affair of Philadelphia reassumed, and after much discourse upon the affair, the further consideration of it deferred till next sederunt. The west part of Hanover having applied to the Synod for the ordination of Mr. Cleverly, the Synod do order it to be left to the Presbytery of Phila- delphia. The persons appointed to bring in a letter to be sent to the Synod of Ireland, brought in said letter and it was approved. Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. M. p)Ost preces sederunt qui supra. The letter to Col. Ogden to be brought in by Messrs. Pemberton and Dick- inson, was brought in and approved. An account of the fund was brought in according to a foregoing order, and the sum total found to be five hundred twenty-four pounds, eighteen shillings and five pence. The affair of Philadelphia reassumed, and a new supplication being brought into the Synod from that part of the congregation which desired Mr. Cross for their minister, desiring to be erected into a new congregation, capable to call a minister for themselves ; the motion being entirely new to the Synod, and the parties not being prepared to go on in that matter, they do defer the consideration of it till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till eight of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. Ibtli day, at eight d clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of Philadelphia reassumed. John Frame produced the subscrip- tion of a considerable number of hands to the supplication put in yesterday, and all parties were heard what they had to say at length, in reference to the 16 122 MINUTES OF THE [1736. whole affair, and they being removed, the Synod spent considerable time in debate upon the affair, and at last agreed that it should be put to the vote, a new erection or not; and it was carried in the affirmative by a great majo- rity. Mr. John Smith, of Bethlehem, in the High-Lands of New York, de- sired that his dissent might be entered in our minutes. The Presbytery book of Philadelphia was brought in and approved. Adjourned till two o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At two of tlie clock J P. M. Post preces sederunt qxii sxipra. A motion being made by some members of the congregation of Philadel- phia, showing their great dissati^action at the judgment of the Synod in erect- ing them into two separate congregations, and desiring they would review the affair, the Synod having reasoned much upon the matter at last came to agree that the judgment should be reviewed ; and, accordingly, the Synod, in order to their obtaining of more light, took occasion to discourse with several per- sons of both parts of the congregation, and then all parties being removed, it was put to the vote, whether we should reverse the judgment whereby we erected a part of this congregation into a distinct society, and it was carried in the negative. Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Webb, Elmer, Chalker, and Wales, desired their dissent to be entered in our minutes ; and then, after some discourse, the Synod do agree, that the above judgment is not to be under- stood as designed to oblige said people to erect themselves now into a distinct society, but only that the Synod allow them so to do. And if said people shall see cause to continue united with the other part of the congregation as heretofore, they are also at their liberty. The Synod do also agree, that if said new erected congregation shall think fit to put the above granted liberty of being erected, into practice, then they are to notify the moderator of the commission, who upon such notification is hereby ordered to call the commis- sion together as soon as conveniently may be, to order supplies for said new erection, and to give them directions as they shall judge meet for their being provided with a minister. Adjourned to the third Wednesday of next September. Concluded with prayer. 1736. At a meeting of the Synod, Ihr. 15, 1736. Vhi post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Thomas Craighead, Jedidiah Andrews, John Thomson, James Anderson, Richard Treat, Joseph Houston, Robert Cathcart, Adam Boyd, Robert Cross, Robert Jamison, Ebenczer Groold, Hugh Stevenson, Hugh Carlisle, James Martin, William Bertram, Alexander Craighead, John Paul, William Tennent, William Tennent, junior, David Evans. Elders : Messrs. William Gray, Andrew Hamilton, James Cook, Charles Hufty, Robert McClcland, William Mitchell, John Allen, James Gralbreath, William Sharron, Richard Walker, John Henderson, Daniel Wescott, Ministers absent: Messrs. Gillespie, Pumry, Dickinson, Pierson, Webb, Pemberton, Hubbell, Horton, John Cross, Chalker, Gilbert Tennent, Blair, Wales, Morgan, Thomas Evans, Hook, Hutchinson, Conn, Orme, Glascow, Nutman. Mr. Adam Boyd chosen moderator, and Mr. John Thomson clerk. Mr. Robert Cross, last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon on 1 Cor. iii. 11. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at eight of the clock. 1736.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 123 16 day, at eight of tJic cloclc. Po&t preces sederunt qui supra. It being reported by the Presbytery of Donegall, that Mr. Orr having ob- tained a dismission from his congregation, did soon after disorderly desert the bounds of that Presbytery as a fugitive of discipline, it is ordered, that his name be rased out of the catalogue. No reasons appeared for Mr. Gilbert Tennent's last year's absence. 3Ir. Hook sent a letter of excuse for his absence, which was not sustained. The members of that Presbytery are ordered to intimate to Mr. Hook that if, for the future, he shall absent himself in like manner, unless his reasons be more weighty, he will be noticed with more severity. No reasons appeared for Mr. Hubbell's absence last year, nor for Mr. Gil- bert Tennent's and Pumry's. Reasons for Mr. Pierson's, Mr. Gilbert Tennent's, Blair's, Morgan's, Thomas Evan's, absence now, were sustained. Messrs. Anderson, Thomson, Andrews, Jamison, Houston, Robert Cross, and the moderator, be a committee for the fund, and any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. The Presbyterial books of the Presbyteries of New Castle, Donegall, Lewis, and East Jersey, were not brought. Mr. Cathcart, and Mr. Tennent, junior, ordered to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia. Messrs. Thomson, Anderson, Houston, Cathcart, 3Iartin, Alexander Craig- head, William Tennent, senior and junior, report that they have brought something for the fund. The Synod taking notice that whatever members of the Synod bring to the fund those years wherein they attend the Synod, there is no care taken by any of them to procure and send any contributions thereunto those years in which they are absent ; and in order to make up this defect, the Synod orders that every Presbytery within our bounds, oblige their respective members to be provided with their respective contributions in due season, before the meeting of the Synod yearly, in order that if any of their members should be neces- sarily absent from the Synod, their contributions may, notwithstanding, be sent to the Synod. Messrs. Andrews, Anderson, Thomson, Gillespie, Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierson, Thomas Evans, Robert Cross, Martin, and the moderator, are ap- pointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. The Presbytery of Donegall report that Mr. Alexander Craighead was last winter ordained to the work of the ministry, and at that time did adopt the Westminster Confession of Faith, &c. ; and also, both he and Mr. John Paul, lately from Ireland, having now heard the several resolutions and acts of the Synod in relation to the adopting said Confession, &c. did, before the Synod, declare their agreement thereunto. Also Mr. John Madowell, a probationer from Ireland, producing his credentials from the Presbytery of Temple Pat- rick, and session of Dunagor, together with various letters of recommendation from several brethren of note in the north of Ireland, all which were sustained and approven, and accordingly he was received by the Synod as a probationer, and recommended to the kind entertainment and encouragement of any Pres- bytery within our bounds to which he may be disposed to offer himself Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the end of the session. The members who were appointed^ last year by the Synod to inquire into the scandalous reports of Mr. Gelston's misbehaviour in the High-Lands of New York, did as appointed, and sent an account of what discovery they could make of those matters to the Presbyteries of Donegall and New Castle, 124 MINUTES OF THE [1736. who some time after met, and did take off the suspension from Mr. Gelston and restore him again to the exercise of his ministry. Mr. Cross also, toge- ther with the members of the committee appointed to take Mr. Tudor's trials, viz. Messrs. Pumry and Chalker, &c. did meet according to appointment, but did not ordain said Mr. Tudor, because of his insufficiency. Mr. Webb, Mr. Nutman, Mr. James Cross, being appointed members of said committee did not attend. The Presbytery of Lewis did erect themselves according to order of Synod last year. It is reported by the Presbytery of Lewis that Mr. Patrick Glasen, after passing through ordinary trials^^ and adopting the Westminster Confession, &c. was licensed to preach the gospel, and in pursuance of a call from the peo- ple and congregation of Monokin, in Somerset, in Maryland, and after the usual steps and trials in such cases, and a reported declaration of his adopting the Westminster Confession, &c. he was ordained a minister of the gospel and pastor of said people of Monokin. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three of the cloch, P. M. Post jpreces sederu7it qui supra. The account of the fund not yet brought in. It is reported by the members of New Castle Presbytery that Mr. Andrew Archbold being under a fama clamosa of uncleanness with a certain young woman of his own congregation, and the Presbytery meeting, pro re nata, on that occasion, and not having light to come to a judgment at first, appointed therefore another meeting the week following, to inquire further into the truth of said report, but Mr. Archbold not appearing to justify himself, and a depo- sition of another young woman in the neighbourhood signifying that she was with child by him, with many other presumptions of guilt; upon this the Presbytery laid him under suspension until he should appear and justify him- self, since which time he hath wholly absconded. The committee appointed to meet at Upper Octorara to inquire into the merits of an appeal of John Boyd, of said Octorara, from the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, did meet according to appointment, and produced the minutes of their proceedings in that affair, which were read and approved, and ordered to be kept in refentis. The proceedings of the commission of the Synod, which met here in June last to act in the affair of the new erected congregation in this city, are ordered to be inserted into our minutes, and are as folio weth.* * At a commission of the Synod held at Philadelphia, On the nth day of June, 1736. Post preces sederunt. Messrs. Robert Cross moderator, John Thomson, James Anderson, and Thomas Evans, members present. Thomas Evans chosen clerk. Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Thomas Craighead, George Gillespie, Jonathan Dickinson, Ebenezer Pemberton, and John Pierson, absent. A letter of excuse being come to hand from Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, and Pember- ton, for their absence, V7as read, and the reasons of their absence sustained. The commission now meeting, at the instance of the people allowed to form themselves into a new erection, it was ordered, that the minutes of our Synod relating to said erec- tion, be read, which was done. A supplication from the said erection, or separate society, in Philadelphia, being pre- sented to the commission, wherein representing the unsuccessfulness of the endeavours they had hitherto used in order to a re-union with the other part of the congregation, they requested for supplies. The commission judging that a re-union of said separate 1736.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 125 The appointments of the Synod in reference to supplying the new erection, were fulfilled. A supplication from the people of the new erection in this city desiring us to appoint one of our members to moderate in their drawing up a call to society with the rest of the congregation, if it could be possibly obtained on satisfactory terms to both parties, is much more desirable, as things now appear, thought it expedient to defer the consideration of said request for supplies, until some proper measures be taken to make a trial towards the desired re-union. Accordingly, upon our signification of this our mind to the party present, and our pressing them to do their part towards said re-union, they condescended so far as to declare a willingness to have a conference with the other part of the congregation on that head. Upon which it was agreed, in order to obtain said conference, that Messrs. Cross and Evans should acquaint Mr. An- drews, and some of the principal members of the other part of the congregation, with our desire of the same, and that every member of the commission should use their en- deavours as opportunity offers towards effecting said union. Adjourned till ten of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. ISth day, at ten of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Craighead being now present gave the reasons of his absence yesterday, which were sustained. Upon reading yesterday's order of acquainting Mr. Andrews, and some others of his now congregation, with our desire of using endeavours in order to make trial for the aforesaid re-union, the moderator reported that he and Mr. Evans had been with Andrews as appointed, and that Mr. Andrews heartily approved of the design, and accordingly fell in with it so far as to offer to propose the same to the members of his committee, which he did, and they, upon INIr. Andrews's motion, met, and after some conference among themselves about the matter, the result they came to was sent in writing to Mr. Andrews, in order to acquaint us with the contents thereof, the copy whereof is as fol- loweth, viz. Philadelphia, June 18ih, 1736. The committee thinks it very strange that the commission of the Synod, who were called here without the knowledge of the committee, should send any messages to the committee concerning the uniting the two little congregations of Presbyterians in this city, (though a thing much to be desired by all good men,) because the committee have lately been informed that the sole business of the commission now was to appoint minis- ters to preach to the congregation which the Synod most deliberately gave leave to sepa- rate and make a new erection. And the committee are also informed that the said con- gregation have provided a place which they are at this time fitting up for their purpose, and it is still more strange, considering the major part of the commission were the most active in contriving and bringing about the separation, notwithstanding some members of the committee pleaded so much against it, and showed such a dislike to their proceed- ings. And the committee are of the opinion, that they should not interfere with an affair belonging to another congregation. A copy of -the result of the committee sent by John Snowden, William Gray, William Spafford, George Sharswood, Thomas Powell, Edward Shippen. The commission having read and considered the above result, do judge the import thereof to be, that the committee does look upon those persons who were allowed by the last Synod to erect themselves into a separate society, to be a distinct congregation from them, and therefore decline to have any conference with them in order to re-union. The commission having deliberately considered the circumstances of the whole affair, do conclude that, (at least at present,) there is no probability of a re-union between the old congregation of this city and the new erection, and therefore do conclude that our way is now clear to order supplies to the said new erection, in compliance not only with the direction of the Synod in September last to that purpose, but also the earnest and repeated desires of said people, they having been industrious to prepare a house fur the public worship of God among them. Adjourned till four of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At four o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. A supplication from the abovesaid new erection, requesting that they might be supplied 126 ^ MINUTES OF THE [1736. a minister, was read, the consideration of which deferred till to-morrow morning. A paper from Mr. Henry Hunter, representing grievances in his present condition, and desiring the Synod's advice and assistance in reference thereunto, was produced and read, the consideration hereof deferred till to-morrow. A supplication from the people of Paxton and Derry to the Synod, is re- ferred to the committee of the fund, &c. which is to meet at eight o'clock, to- morrow morning. Adjourned till ten of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 17. " The committee in order to lay a clear foundation to go upon, thought proper to read and consider the minutes of the Synod in relation to the affair ; and after that was done the moderator proceeded to inquire into the matter they were come about, and asked the people of West-Hanover, whether their circumstances were altered for the better since the casting of the lot, and it was answered by some of them in the hearing and behalf of the whole, that they were much increased as to number of persons in their society, and that they were near one half abler than they were. Which representation was not contradicted nor disproved by any, and plainly appeared to the committee to be the truth of their case. A paper also was brought in by Mr. Kitchell and some others, in behalf of the eastern part, as their committee, setting forth their weakness, and expressing their desire of an union with their western brethren, if it could be had upon reasonable terms. Upon which, that the committee might come to understand the real truth with respect to said eastern people, the moderator proceeded to interrogate Mr. Kitchell and others of said eastern part, about their affairs, and they informed the committee, that they were much stronger than when the lot was cast; that though it was hard with them for the present to fuliil their obligations to Mr. Isutman, yet they cannot but acknow- ledge they are in growing circumstances, and able to support of themselves ; adding •withal, that it is their mind, and the mind of their Society, not to have an union with the whole of the western society but with a part only, and that if the committee should judge them to unite upon any of the former terms, covenants, and agreements, it would be the destruction of the whole, and be prejudicial to the interest of religion among them. Whereupon the committee came unanimously to form their judgment after the following manner, viz : That according as things are represented to them, and as they appear, they cannot but judge, " 1. That the former obligations of said people, by virtue of the lot formerly cast among them, are now impracticable. " 2. That the end of the said lot will be much better answered by their being two sepa- rate societies, than by being united into one, as formerly was desired and proposed. " 3. That therefore we judge said western people may be a separate society by them- selves. Furthermore, to prevent any disputes or difficulties between said western society and Basking-Ridge, it was proposed and agreed to, mutually by said people, that who- soever were desirous of going from the congregation to which they belong to the other, shall have liberty so to do, pro\'ided they pay off all their respective debts due to the society to which they have belonged. " The above determinations of the committee were published to the aforesaid people, and all parties expressed their entire satisfaction therein. Concluded with prayer." 19 146 MINUTES OF THE [1739. Hora Btia, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of the fund continued. The affair of New-Brunswick Presbytery reassumed, and after much reason- ing upon it, the further consideration of it deferred till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 26iA day, at nine d clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of the fund continued, and Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet next Mondey, at ten of the clock, and prepare said affair to be brought into the Synod at the next session. The New-Brunswick Presbytery having brought a paper of objections against the act made last year, touching the previous examination of candidates, the Synod consented to review that act, and upon deliberation agreed to the follow- ing overture, which they substitute in the room of it, viz : It being the first article in our excellent Directory for the examination of the candidates of the sacred ministry, that they be inquired of, what degrees they have taken in the university, &c. ; and it being oftentimes impracticable for us in these remote parts of the earth, to obtain an answer to these questions, of those who propose themselves to examination, many of our candidates not having enjoyed the advantage of a university education, and it being our desire to come to the nearest conformity to the incomparable prescriptions of the Directory, that our circumstances will admit of, and after long deliberation of the most proper expedients to comply with the intentions of the Directory, where we cannot exactly fulfil the letter of it ; the Synod agree and determine, that every person who proposes himself to trial as a candidate for the ministry, and who has not a diploma, or the usual certificates from an European or New England univer- sity, shall be examined by the whole Synod, or its commission, as to these preparatory studies which we generally pass through at the college, and if they find him qualified, they shall give him a certificate, which shall be received by our respective Presbyteries as equivalent to a diploma or certificate from the college. This we trust will have a happy tendency to prevent unqualified men from creeping in among us, and answer, in the best manner our present circum- stances are capable of, the design which our Directory has in view, and to which by inclination and duty, we are all bound to comply to our utmost ability. This was agreed to by a great majority. Adjourned till Monday next, at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 28 day. Sord tertia, P. M. post preces sederunt qui siqjra. The committee for the fund met according to appointment, but not having accomplished said affair, the Synod appoints said committee to meet to-morrow, at eight of the clock. Mr. G-ilbert Tennent protested in behalf of himself and such as should join with him, viz : William Tennent, sen'r. William Tennent, jun'r., Samuel Blair, Eleazer Wales, Charles Tennent, ministers. Thomas Worthington, David Cham- bers, William McCrea, John Weir, elders ; against the above-mentioned act respecting the trial of candidates. The act made last year with respect to ministers preaching out of their own bounds, being taken under a review, the Synod determine, that if any minister in the bounds of any of our Presbyteries, judge that the preaching of any minister or candidate of a neighbouring Presbytery in any congregation, has had a tendency to promote division among them, or hinder the orderly settle- 1739.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 147 ment of a gospel ministry, in that case he shall complain to the Presbytery in whose bounds the said congregation is, and that the minister who is supposed to be the cause of the foresaid division, shall be obliged to appear before them, and it shall be left to them to determine whether he shall preach any more in the bounds of that congregation, and he shall be bound to stand to their deter- mination, until they shall see cause to remove their prohibition, or the Synod shall have opportunity to take the affair under cognizance. Approved nemine contracUcente. Mr. Anderson reports, that in compliance with an order of Synod last year, he had waited upon the Governor of Virginia with the Synod's address, and received a favourable answer, the substance of which is contained in a letter from the governor to the moderator of the Synod, which is as follows : " Sir : By the hands of Mr. Anderson I received an address signed by you, in the name of your brethren of the Synod of Philadelphia. And as I have been always inclined to favour the people who have lately removed from other provinces, to settle on the western side of our great mountains ; so you may be assured, that no interruption shall be given to any minister of your profes- sion who shall come among them, so as they conform themselves to the rules prescribed by the act of toleration in England, by taking the oaths enjoined thereby, and registering the places of their meeting, and behave themselves peaceably towards the government. This you may please to communicate to the Synod as an answer of theirs. Your most humble servant. "William Goocn. "WiUiamshurff, Nbvemher 4:th, 1738." Messrs. Conn, Cross, and Orme, gave the reasons why they did not go to Virginia, which were sustained. Mr. Anderson reports that his journey to Virginia cost fifteen pounds, which the Synod allows out of the fund, and does approve his conduct in the whole affair. Ordered, That the committee consider what is to be done further in the Virginia affair. And the committee returned Mr. Anderson thanks for what he hath done in it. The revisers of the Presbytery book of Brunswick, offered several objec- tions against said book, the consideration of which deferred till to-morrow morning. The Presbytery book of Philadelphia brought in and approved. A reference from the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and the designed new erection at Hopewell and Maidenhead was brought in, and after reading some papers, the further consideration of it deferred till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till ten of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 29th day. Hora decima, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee for the fund met according to appointment. The account of the fund brought in, and it appears that there is antecedent to any disbursements to be made this year. £ s. d. Principal 517 4 lU Interest due, - - - - 46 12 9 Cash in bank, - - - - 35 17 2f In all, £599 14 101 It appearing by the Presbytery book of New Brunswick, that notwith- standing the Synod's agreement last year, that no candidate for the ministry 148 MINUTES OF THE [1739 who has had a private education, should be admitted to trials, in order to be licensed to preach the gospel by any Presbytery within our bounds, until such candidate's learning were previously examined by a committee appointed for that purpose, that the Presbytery of New-Brunswick have admitted to trials and licensed Mr. John Rowland to preach the gospel without his submitting to such preparatory examination as was appointed ; the Synod do therefore judge the proceedings of the said Presbytery of New-Brunswick to be very disorderly, and do admonish the said Presbytery to avoid such divisive courses for the future ; and do determine not to admit the said Mr. Rowland to be a preacher of the gospel within our bounds, nor encourage any of our people to accept him until he submit to such examinations as were appointed by this Synod for those that have had a private education. This overture carried in the affirmative by a great majority. There being a reference ipade by the Presbytery of Philadelphia of some difficulties brought before them by some of the people of Hopewell and Maidenhead, and a complaint made to the Synod by some of the said people against the said Presbytery, the Synod do judge that the said people have be- haved with great indecency towards their Presbytery, by their unmannerly reflections, and unjust aspersions, both upon the Synod and the Presbytery, and that they have acted very disorderly in improving Mr. Rowland as a preacher among them, when they were advised by the Presbytery that he was not to be esteemed and improved as an orderly candidate of the ministry ; and the Synod do wholly disallow the said complainants being erected into a new congregation until they do first submit the determination of the place for erecting a new meeting-house to their Presbytery, as was formerly agreed between them and their neighbours, as a condition of their being a separate congregation. This overture was approved by a great majority. And it is further ordered by the Synod, That when the Presbytery of Philadelphia meet at Hopewell and Maidenhead, to fix the place of a new meeting-house, they shall call the following correspondents : Messrs. John Pierson, John Nutman, Samuel Blair, Aaron Burr, Nathaniel Hubbell, and Eleazar Wales. Adjourned till two o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Hord secunda. P. M. Postpreces sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed by the Synod to consider the controversy be- tween Mr. Gilbert Tennent and Mr. David Cowell, brought in the following overture, which being read, the Synod had the great satisfaction to find the contending parties fully agreed in their sentiments upon the point in contro- versy, according to the doctrine contained in the said overture, viz. Though they apprehend that there are some incautious and unguarded expressions used by both the contending parties, yet they have ground to hope that the principal controversy between them flows from their not having clear ideas of the subject they so earnestly debate about, and not from any dangerous errors they entertain, since they both own that the glory of Grod is the ultimate end of all things ; and as the point under debate concerns an important doctrine of religion, we would take liberty to express our minds with respect to it in a few words, which we hope will be agreeable to the sentiments of the Synod, and readily agreed to by the parties concerned in this dispute. We apprehend that the glory of God was the only motive that influenced him to all his ex- ternal operations. For since nothing else had an existence, nothing certainly could influence him from without himself. By his glory declarative, we mean the manifestation of his essential and adorable perfections for the great 1740.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 149 and excellent ends he designed in this manifestation. It is the indispensable duty of every creature, according to its utmost capacity, to aim at the same end which the blessed God has in view, and to endeavour to direct all his ac- tions unto it. The method in which the great God has required us to prose- cute this end is by a conformity to his image, and example, and a sincere and universal obedience to his laws. In his infinite and astonishing grace he has been pleased inseparably to connect our happiness with the prosecution of this end. This obedicucc which we are to pay to the Divine law, and by which alone we can glorify him, must be performed by us, not only because it is the way to happiness, but because it is infinitely just and reasonable in itself, agreeable to the blessed God, whom we are under indissoluble obliga- tions to obey, and carry on the same designs which he has been pleased to pro- pose in all his actions. And these designs of the glory of God, and our own happiness, are so inseparably connected that they must never be placed in op- position to each other. For in all cases, he that actively glorifies God pro- motes his own happiness, and by a conformity to the Divine statutes and laws, which is the only way to happiness, we, in the best manner we are capable, glorify God. The case of the people of Norrington being represented to the Synod, for supplies for the ensuing year, the Synod appointed Messrs. Boyd, Black, Houston, and Alexander, to supply them every third Sabbath until next Synod. An overture for erecting a school, or seminary of learning, being brought in by the committee, the Synod unanimously approved the design of it, and in order to the accomplishing it did nominate Messrs. Pemberton, Dickinson, Cross, and Anderson, two of which, if they can be prevailed upon, to be sent home to Europe to prosecute this affair with proper directions. And in order to this, it is appointed that the commission of the Synod, with correspondents from every Presbytery, meet at Philadelphia the third Wednesday of August next. And if it be found necessary, that Mr. Pemberton should go to Boston pursuant to this design, it is ordered, that the Presbytery of New York supply his pulpit during his absence. Mr. Hamilton Bell having offered himself to examination, the Synod ap- points their commission, together with any other members they think fit, to meet to-morrow, at nine o'clock, for that purpose. A petition from Thomas Clark was presented to the Synod, and it is recom- mended to all the ministers within our bounds, to whom he shall apply, to do what they think expedient for his relief. An overture was presented to the Synod from Mr. Thomas Evans, which is ordered to be kept in retentis till the next Synod. Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next, and then to meet at Philadelphia, at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 1740. The Synod met according to appointment, Fhiladeqjhia, May 2Sth, 1740. UM post preces sederunt Ministers of the Presbytery of New York : Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Walter Wilmot, Aaron Burr, John Nutman, John Pierson, Simon Horton, Jo- seph Houston. Absent : Ebenezer Pemberton, Joseph Webb, Nathaniel Hub- bell, Silas Leonard, Isaac Chalker. Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. James Anderson, John Thomson, Adam Boyd, Alexander Craighead, John Elder, Richard Zanchy, Samuel Cavin, Samuel Black. Absent : Samuel Thomson, David Alexander, William Ber- tram. 150 MINUTES OF THE [1740. New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. G-eorge Gillespie, Robert Cathcart, Charles Tennent, Francis Alison, Samuel Blair, Hugh Conn, Alexander Hutchinson. Absent : Thomas Evans, John Orme. Lewes Presbytery : Messrs. James Martin, Robert Jamison, Hugh Carlile. Absent : Hugh Stevenson, Patrick Glascow. Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, William Tennent, David Evans, David Cowell, Francis McHenry, Richard Treat. Ab- sent : Messrs. Elmer, Morgan, G-oold New-Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Eleazer Wales, John Cross. Elders present : Joseph Woodruff, Joseph Riggs, John Odel, John Alison, James Montgomery, Daniel Henderson, Robert Matthews, Thomas Farrell, James Swain, John Hamilton, Joseph Steel, Hugh Lion, John Steel, James Perry, James Cockran, Willi^ Gi'ay, John Cross, Cornelius Winekoop, James Miller, William Emmitt, Richard Walker, James McCoy, Robert Cummings, John Howey. Mr. Anderson, the moderator of the Synod last year, opened the Synod by a sermon on Gal. v. 15. Mr. Pierson chosen moderator, and Mr. Treat clerk. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock, precisely. Concluded with prayer. ; 29 day, at nine d clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. It is reported that Mr. George Philips, of the Presbytery of New York, and Mr. Paul, of the Presbytery of Donegall, are dead since last Synod. Mr. Bertram, Mr. G-lascow, Mr. Alexander, Mr. Orme, excused for their ab- sence. Messrs. Thomson, Andrews, Dickinson, Boyd, Anderson, Gillespie, Robert Cross, Martin, G-ilbert Tennent, Treat, Alison, and the moderator, ministers ; and Joseph Woodrooff, John Alison, John Steel, John Cross, Robert Cummings, Elders, appointed a committee for the fund, and any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. The Presbytery books of New York, Donegall, and New-Brunswick, forgot. Mr. Hutchinson and Mr. Houston, appointed to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia; Mr. Cowell and Mr. Jamison, the Presbytery book of New Castle ; Mr. William Tennent, jun'r. and Mr. Blair, the Presbytery book of Lewes. Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found that there was something brought by Messrs. Dickinson, Burr, Pierson, Horton, Thomson, Boyd, Craighead, Elder, Zanchy, Black, Gillespie, Cathcart, Alison, Blair, Martin, Jamison, Andrews, Cross, Cowell, and Treat. Messrs. Andrews, Thomson, Anderson, Gillespie, Dickinson, Pemberton, Robert Cross, Blair, Treat, Alison, Boyd, Martin, Gilbert Tennent, and the moderator, to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing, with elders if they have occasion to meet, and that any five of the ministers be a quorum. It is reported that Mr. Francis McHenry, Mr. Samuel Cavin, and Mr. Samuel Thomson, were, after the usual trials, ordained since last Synod, and that they did all of them adopt the Westminster Confession, &c. according to the order of the Synod. Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the Synod break up. The affair of Leacock deferred. 1740.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 151 Upon reading over the minutes of the last year, the act about the previous trial of candidates for the ministry, which has been the occasion of much debate in the Synod, and protested against by some of the brethren, came under con- sideration, upon which a paper was brought in and road, containing proposals for accommodating of the said unhappy debates. Which being new to the Synod, they resolved, that in compliance with the desire of several other mem- bers of the Synod, as well as the protesting brethren, each of them should have a copy of the proposals to consider of till to-morrow morning. The other act, relating to ministers preaching within the bounds of other Presbyteries than that to which he or they do belong, coming in course to be considered, the Synod agree to defer any debates about that matter till the pre- ceding affair be issued. Upon reading that minute, concerning that debate between Messrs. Gilbert Tennent and David Cowell, and the judgment of the committee of the Synod upon it, Mr. Tennent seeming dissatisfied with the committee's management in that debate, requested that the thing might be considered by the Synod j the consideration thereof was deferred. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. M. j)ost preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of the fund continued. The affair of Leacock deferred. The commission of the Synod did meet last year according to appointment, in order to conclude upon a method for prosecuting the overture respecting the erecting a seminary of learning. The minutes of that proceeding were read, and although herein it is found, that they concluded upon calling the whole Synod together as necessary in that affair ; yet the war breaking out between England and Spain, the calling of the Synod was omitted, and the whole affair laid aside for that time.* * The commission of the Synod met according to appointment. Philadelphia, August 15th, 1739. Ubi post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, James Anderson, John Thomson, Adam Boyd, Robert Cross, James Martin, Richard Treat. Correspondents : Messrs. Cathcart, Alison, and Black. Members of the commission absent : Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Gillespie, Pierson, Thomas Evans, Gilbert Tennent. Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod relating to our present meeting be read. Several members of the commission who are now absent, being expected this evening, the commission without entering upon business, adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. l&th day, at nine of the clock. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Together with Messrs. David Evans and Jamison, correspondents. Mr. Pemberton sent a letter with the reasons of his absence, which were sustained. The ali'air of the overture brought in last Synod, that gave occasion for our present meeting, was taken under consideration, and after much reasoning upon it, the commis- sion unanimously concluded to enter on said affair ; but previous to any particular steps to be fallen upon in order thereto, it was agreed to ask counsel of God by appointing one of their number to pray, which was done by appointing Mr. Evans to that service. Upon which they proceeded to inquii-e what they should do, and because of the weight of the affair in hand, they agreed to defer the main inquiries till the afteruoon ; but as pre- liminary thereto, do judge it to be the most reasonable and probable method to accom- plish the good design of said overture, to apply to the several cougregatiuus within our bounds for their concurrence and assistance in the affair, and that a letter of address be sent to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland for their assistance. Accord- ingly Mr. Andrews was appointed to draw up the said letter to the General Assembly 152 MINUTES OF THE [1740. Upon reading over the minutes respecting the result of the controversy be- tween Mr. Gilbert Tennent and Mr. Cowell, Mr. Tennent moved for the revising that affair, and that the papers might be read that concern that debate. W hich motion of Mr. Tennent's, after much debate about it, was put to the vote, whether it should be complied with or not, and it passed in the negative by a great majority. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 30 day^ at nine o'clock, A. M., post preces sederunt qui supra. The account of the fund not yet brought in. The affair between the Synod and the brethren dissatisfied with the act of last Synod, which, according to order of yesterday, was to be brought under consideration this session, de^rred till next sederunt. The affair of Leacock reassumed. Whereas a matter of controversy be- tween the people of Leacock and Pequea, was appointed last Synod to be determined by a committee, which by order of Synod, were to meet upon the place, and all the members except two that were appointed, for reasons now given and sustained, failed of attending on said affair, so that nothing was done in it, and the people of Leacock yet thinking themselves aggrieved by the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, they now moved the Synod to judge before mentioned, and Mr, Thomson to draw up the letter to our congregations, to be brought in next sederunt. Adjourned to four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Horci quartd, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. Andrews and Thomson brought in the letters, according to appointment. The affair of the overture respecting the erecting a school of learning, reassumed, and the commission, after some further consideration of it, weighing the importance of the matter, and considering the small number of members now present, together with the many preparatory letters and instructions that are necessary for such an undertaking, as going to Europe for assistance, according to the unanimous judgment of the Synod, will require, they do now with one consent judge it most advisable to defer doing any more in said affair at present, but leave it to the consideration and determination of the whole Synod, and accordingly agree to call the Synod together, to meet at Philadelphia the last Wednesday of September next, and enjoin the members present to inform their respective Presbyteries of this appointment ; and that the moderator send letters to the Presbyteries of New York and New-Brunswick, ordering their attendance at the time appointed. And the commission further orders, that Messrs. Andrews, Cross, and Treat, do prepare what addresses, letters, credentials, or other instruments may be proper, against the meeting of the Synod. And further, that a letter be remitted to Dr. Colman, to be communicated to our reverend brethren in Boston, earnestly desiring their con- currence and assistance in this aflFair, and that said letter be inclosed in one to Mr. Pem- berton, to be forwarded by him. Ordered, That the moderator preach at the opening of the Synod. An affair relating to the people of Pilesgrove and Deerfield, was, by the Presbytery of Philadelphia, referred to the decision of the commission ; and the commission having heard the representatives of said people, pro and con, and having received what light the Presbytery of Philadelphia could give in the said affair, they for some time reasoned and debated upon it, and at length came to the following resolution : That inasmuch as the inhabitants of Pilesgrove have long borne a burden, and met with great discouragements in their endeavours to have the gospel settled among them, though we cannot, however, but lament that their house for public worship, which they are about, is not to be situated more conveniently and to greater satisfaction of Deerfield ; yet since the representative from the congregation of Deerfield, and the representative of Pilesgrove, seemed formerly agreed, that without detriment to either congregation, the people of Pilesgrove might build their house where they now are at work, and since the Presbytery accordingly encouraged them to build there, the commission unanimously agreed to confirm their sentence in favour of Pilesgrove. Concluded with prayer. 1740.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 153 in that aiFair; and after reading some papers, and hearing all that was offered in the matter, the Synod unanimously judges as follows : That inasmuch as Leacock is a congregation by allowance of their own Presbytery, and the meeting-house erected and complained of is at as great a distance from those of Pequea as can conveniently accommodate them of Leacock, that, therefore, the new erection of Leacock shall stand, and said congregation be entitled to sup- plies to said meeting-house from Douegall Presbytery equal to other vacancies within their bounds. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. 31. post jireces sederunt qui supra. The affair of the fund continued. The affair between the Synod and the brethren dissatisfied with the act last year, came under consideration, and the protesting brethren declaring their dis- satisfaction with the i^roposals for accommodation that were laid before them ; the Synod therefore still desiring that that unhappy difference may be accom- modated, recommend it to any brethren of the Synod to consider any further expedient to that end, to be brought in the next sederunt. Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 31 day, at nine d'cloch, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of the fund continued. The affair between the Synod and the protesting brethren reassumed, and an overture was brought in by one of the brethren as an expedient to accommo- date the difference that has arisen and yet subsists on account of an act of last year, and much discourse was had upon it. It was agreed by all the members, the protesting brethren as well as others, that the Synod are proper judges of the qualifications of their own members. But the protesting brethren thought the inserting that agreement into our minutes unnecessary. The uncomfortable debate about the agreement of the Synod last year, to bring under the examination of the Synod, such persons as have had a private education in order to the sacred ministry, being reassumed, it was put to the vote whether the said agreement should be repeated or continued till some other expedient could be found that will answer the design of that agreement to the Synod's satisfaction, and it was voted that it shall continue at present. The protesting brethren renewing their former protest against the present proceeding, the following members joined with them in their protestation, viz : Messrs. John Cross, Alexander Craighead, Robert Cummins, John Henry, James Cockran, William Emmitt, James Miller, Richard Walker, James McKoy, Robert Matthews, Daniel Henderson, Joseph Steel, Hugh Lynn, George Gillespie, and Alexander Hucheson, desired their dissent might be entered. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at three o'clock this after- noon. Adjourned to ten o'clock on Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. June 2d, at ten o'clock, A. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of the fund continued. An overture was brought in upon the two late acts in order to explain them, which is as follows : The Synod having the last year, ncmine contradicente, come into an agreement that no minister shall preach out of the bounds of his Presbytery in any congregation, after his being warned by the Presbytery, 20 154 MINUTES OF THE [1740. in whose bounds sucli congregation is, that his preaching there is a cause of division in the congregation, and that he is therefore to desist, which was agreed to in order to prevent divisions in our congregations : but finding that some of our brethren are now dissatisfied with that agreement, and that it is wrong interpreted and misunderstood by many of our people, as though it was calculated to prevent itinerant preaching : the Synod do now declare, that they never thought of opposing, but do heartily rejoice in the labours of the ministry in other places besides their own particular charge. And that they may not give any umbrage to the contrary, they do now repeal that agreement, and do agree that our ministers shall, in that respect, conduct themselves as though it had never been. And to obviate all misrepresentations that are like to be made of our agreement the last year, to bring such candidates of the min- istry under the examination of the Synod, or the commission of the Synod, as to their proficiency in human karning, who have had a private education, the Synod declare, that they do not thereby call in question the power of subordi- nate Presbyteries to ordain ministers, but only assert their own right to judge of the qualifications of their own members. And though they do not deny but that such as are brought into the ministry contrary to this agreement may be truly gospel ministers, yet inasmuch as they cannot but think that agreement needful to be insisted on in order to the well-being of this part of the Church of Christ, they cannot admit them when so brought into the ministry to be members of this Synod, until they submit to the said agreement, though they do consent, that they be in all other respects and considered as ministers of the gospel, any thing that may be otherwise construed in any of our former pro- ceedings, notwithstanding. Two expedients for peace were proposed to answer the end of the act for pre- serving learning by examination for candidates, which were taken under con- sideration till the next sederunt. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. M. met according to appointment. Vbi post prcces sederunt qui supra. The afiair of the fund continued. The further consideration of the abovesaid overture deferred. There being two representations brought into the Synod by Mr. Blair and Mr. Gilbert Ten- nent, representing many defects in our ministry that are matter of greatest lamentation if chargeable upon our members : the Synod do therefore solemnly admonish all the ministers within their bounds, seriously to consider the weight of their charge, and, as they will answer it at the great day of Christ, to take care to approve themselves to God, in the instances complained of. And the Synod do recommend it to the several Presbyteries to take care of their several ministers in these particulars. A supplication came into the Synod from the congregations of Tinnacum and Newtown respectively, desiring to be dismissed from the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and to be joined to the Presbytery of New-Brunswick, and it was readily granted. Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next, then to meet at Philadel- phia at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer.* * At a meeting of the commission of the Synod, June 3d, 1740. Ubi post preces sederunt Mr. John Pierson Moderator of the Synod, Messrs. John Thomson, Robert Cross, George Gillespie, and Jedidiah Andrews. The account of the fund was brought in ; and it appears before any disbursements made this year, that there was as follows : 1741.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 155 1741. The Synod met according to appointment, Philadcljihia , May the llth, 1741. Uhi post preces sederunt Ministers, members of the Presbytery of New Castle : Messrs. George Gil- lespie, Robert Cathcart, Charles Tennent, Francis Alison, Alexander Huch- eson, Samuel Blair. Absent : Mr. Thomas Evans. Members of the Presbytery of Lewes, ministers present : Messrs. James Martin and Robert Jamison. Absent : Messrs. Hugh Carlile, Patrick Glas- cow, Hugh Stevenson. Presbytery of Philadelphia, ministers present : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, Daniel Elmer, Francis McIIenry, Richard Treat, William Tennent. New Brunswick Presbytery, ministers present : Messrs. Eleazer Wales, Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent. Absent : Mr. John Cross. Members of Donegall Presbytery present : Messrs. John Thomson, Adam Boyd, John Elder, Richard Zanchy, Samuel Cavin, Samuel Thomson, John Craig, Alexander Craighead, David Alexander. New York Presbytery absent. Elders present : John Richy, William McCollock, William Gray, Jonathan Fithian, Robert Porter, John Swansey, James Carr, Robert McKnight, Francis Alexander, Abednego Thomas, Alexander McKnight, John McCone, John Ramsey, William McCrey, Robert Craig, Robert Rowland, Richard Walker, David Chambers. Mr. Pierson, the last year's moderator, not being present, Mr. Andrews opened the Synod with a sermon on Mar. ix. 24. £, s. d. Principal, 485 12 0^ Interest due, 45 4 8^ Cash, 32 10 10^ Total £563 7 TJ Memorandum : That a bond of Mr. Paul's deed of twelve pounds, which is no part of the above sum, was remitted to his widow. Grants from the fund by the Synod this year : £ 5. d. To the Treasurer, 6 To the Janitor, 1 10 To Mr. Glen, - 5 00 To Turkey, 6 00 A supplication was brought in by Abraham Scott and John Kirkpatrick, in the name of a party at Nottingham, requesting that they might be dismissed from the Presbytery of Donegall, for reasons therein contained. The commission having considered the affair, thought fit to remit it to the consideration of the next Synod. Representatives from Norrington desired supplies, and the commission being desirous to do all they could for them, appointed Mr. Boyd to supply them once a quarter, and to come to them the first time the first Sabbath of August; Mr. Cowell once a quarter, be- ginning the first Sabbath of July ; Mr. McHenry once a quarter, beginning the first Sabbath of September; and Mr. Black once a quarter, beginning the first Sabbath of November. This to be done till next Synod. The ministers in town to help them as they can. A letter from Dr. Colman, of Boston, to the Synod was read, wherein he, in the name of the associated brethren there, assures the Synod of their readiness to concur with the Synod in their laudable proposal of erecting a school or seminary of learning in these parts. And it is ordered that Mr. Andrews write to the Doctor, and the said associated brethren on that head. Ordered, That five poxmds and ten shillings be given on a pious design. 156 MINUTES OF THE [1741. Mr. Andrews chosen moderator, and Mr. Boyd clerk. Adjourned till nine clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 28 day. At lime, dcloch, met accordmy to apvointment. Uhi j^ost prcces sederunt qui supra. Objections being made against some members sitting in Synod, the Synod entered upon the consideration of that affair, and especially in reference to Mr. Craighead, and after much discourse upon it, and a paper of Mr. Craighead's being read, the Synod deferred the further consideration of that affair till the afternoon. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At thnee o'clock, P. M. post prcces sederunt qui supra. A supplication from Middle Octorara congregation containing charges against Mr. John Thomson, being presented and read, after much discourse upon it, the Synod agreed that Mr. Thomson have a copy of the said suppli- cation, and that his Presbytery shall, with all possible expedition, judge of that affair. The affair of Mr. Craighead reassumed. Mr. Craighead presented another paper, which was read, and after debating on that business, the Synod agreed that this and the former paper be perused by the Donegall Presbytery, in order to prepare for trial against to-morrow in the afternoon. Adjourned till to-morrow at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 29<7i, at nine o'cloclx. Post preces scdcnmt qui su2)ra. Since our last meeting it pleased God in his providence to remove by death, our dear brethren Mr. James Anderson, of the Presbytery of Donegall, and Mr. Joseph Houston, of the Presbytery of New York. Blr. Samuel Thomson, Mr. Patrick Glascow, Mr. Alexander, and Mr. Ber- tram were absent last year, and having given or sent reasons of their absence, arc excused ; as also Mr. David Evans. Inasmuch as Mr. Stevenson has from time to time, and for years past, ne- glected attending on our judicatures, and also omitted his ministry without giving us any reasons for his said conduct, it is therefore agreed, that his name shall be struck out of our records, till he come before us and give an account of his proceedings. Mr. Goold is removed out of the bounds of our Synod. The choosing a committee, and other business for the fund, deferred. Messrs. Hutchinson and Blair appointed to revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia ; Messrs. Martin and Jamison the Presbytery book of Donegall. The Presbytery books of New York, New Brunswick, New Castle, and Lewes, are not brought. Inquiry being made who had brought collections for the fund, it was found that there was something brought by Messrs. Gillespie, Blair, Jamison, An- drews, William Tennent, senior, Elder, Zauchy, and Samuel Thomson. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three 6'cloch, P. M. according to appointment, post preces sederunt qui sup>ra. The Presbytery of Donegall, as appointed, begun their reply to Mr. Craig- head's paper in several particulars, but being late it 's deferred till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 1741.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 157 30 f/ay. At nine o'clock, met according to appointment. Uhi post preces sederunt qui sup)ra. The above affair continued, and a great deal of discourse maintained upon it. The Synod defer the further consideration thereof. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. on Monday next. Concluded with prayer. June 1. At three dclocTc, P. M. Postpreces sederunt qui supra. A protestation was brought in by Mr. Cross, read, and signed by several members, which is kept in retentis.* * A Protestation presented to the Synod, June 1, 1741. Reverend Fathers and Brethren, We, the ministers of Jesus Christ, and members of the Synod of Philadelphia, being wounded and grieved at our very hearts, at the dreadful divisions, distractions, and con- vulsions, which all of a sudden have seized this infant church to such a degree, that un- less He, who is King in Zion, do graciously and seasonably interpose for our relief, she is in no small danger of expiring outright, and that quickly, as to the form, order, and constitution, of an organized church, which hath subsisted for above these thirty years past, in a very great degree of comely order and sweet harmony, until of late — we say, we being deeply afflicted with these things which lie heavy on our spirits, and being sen- sible that it is our indispensable duty to do what lies in our power, in a lawful way, ac- cording to the light and direction of the inspired oracles, to preserve this swooning chm-ch from a total expiration : and after the deliberate and unprejudiced inquiry into the causes of these confusions which rage so among us, both ministers and people, we evidently see- ing, and being fully persuaded in our judgments, that besides our raisimprovement of, and uufruitfulness under, gospel light, liberty, and privileges, that great decay of practi- cal godliness in the life and power of it, and many abounding immoralities : we say, besides these, our sins, which we judge to be the meritorious cause of our present doleful distractions, the awful judgment we at present groan under, we evidently see that our protesting brethren and their adherents, were the direct and proper cause thereof, by their unwearied, unscriptural, antipresbyterial, uncharitable, divisive prac- tices, which they have been pursuing, with all the industry they were capable of, with any probability of success, for above these twelve months past especially, besides too much of the like practices for some years before, though not with such barefaced arro- gance and boldness: And being fully convinced in our judgments, that it is our duty to bear testimony against these disorderly proceedings, according to our stations, capacity, and trust re- posed in us by our exalted Lord, as watchmen on the walls of his Zion, we having en- deavoured sincerely to seek counsel and direction from God, who hath promised to give wisdom to those that ask him in faith, yea, hath promised his Holy Spirit to lead his people and servants into all truth, and being clearly convinced in our consciences, that it is a duty called unto in this present juncture of affairs : Reverend Fathers and Brethren, we hereby humbly and solemnly protest, in the presence of the great and eternal God, and his elect angels, as well as in the presence of all here present, and particularly to you, Reverend Brethren, in our own names, and in the names of all, both ministers and people, who shall adhere to us, as follows : 1. We protest that it is the indispensable duty of this Synod, to maintain and stand by the principles of doctrine, worship, and government, of the Church of Christ, as the same are summed up in the Confession of Faith, Catechisms, and Directory, composed by the Westminster Assembly, as being agreeable to the word of God, and which this Synod have owned, acknowledged, and adopted, as may appear by our synodical records of the j-ears 1729, 1736, which we desire to be read publicly. 2. We protest that no person, minister or elder, should be allowed to sit and vote in this Synod, who hath not received, adopted, or subscribed, the said Confessions, Cate- chisms, and Directory, as our Presbyteries respectively do, according to our last expli- cation of the adopting act ; or who is either accused or convicted, or may be convicted before this Synod, or any of our Presbyteries, of holding or maintaining any doctrine, or who act and persist in any practice, contrary to any of those doctrines, or rules con- tained in said Directory, or contrary to any of the known rights of Presbytery, or orders made or agreed to by this Synod, and which stand yet unrepealed, unless, or until he renounce such doctrine, and being found guilty, acknowledge, confess, and profess his 158 MINUTES OF THE [1741. Upon this it was canvassed by the former protesting brethren, whether they or we are to be looked upon as the Synod. We maintained that they had no right to sit whether they were the major or minor number. Then they motioned that we should examine this point, and that the major number was sorrow for such sinful disorder, to the satisfaction of this Synod, or such inferior judi- catory as the Synod shall appoint or empower for that purpose. 3. AVe protest that all our protesting brethren have at present no right to sit and vote as members of this Synod, having forfeited their right of being accounted members of it for many reasons, a few of which we shall mention afterwards. 4. We protest that, if, notwithstanding of this our protestation, these brethren be allowed to sit and vote in this Synod, without giving suitable satisfaction to the Synod, and particularly to us, who now enter this protestation, and those who adhere to us in it, that whatsoever shall be done, voted, or transacted by them, contrary to our judgment, shall be of no force ^r obligation to us, being done and acted by a judica- tory consisting in part of members who have no authority to act with us in ecclesiasti- cal matters. 5. We protest that, if, notwithstanding this our protestation, and contrary to the true intent and meaning of it, these protesting brethren, and such as adhere to them, or sup- port and countenance them in their antipresbyterial practices, shall continue to act as they have done this last year, in that case we, and as many as have clearness to join with us, and maintain the rights of this judicatory, shall be accounted in nowise dis- orderly, but the true Presbyterian Church in this province ; and they shall be looked upon as guilty of schism, and the breach of the rules of Presbyterial government, which Christ has established in his church, which we are ready at all times to demon- strate to the world. Reverend and dear Brethren, we beseech you to hear us with patience, while we lay before you as briefly as we can, some of the reasons that move us thus to protest, and more particularly, why we protest against our protesting brethren's being allowed to sit as members of this Synod. 1. Their heterodox and anarchical principles expressed in their Apology, pages twen- ty-eight and thirty-nine, where they expressly deny that Presbyteries have authority to oblige their dissenting members, and that Synods should go any further, in judging of appeals or references, &c. than to give their best advice, which is plainly to divest the ofiicers and judicatories of Christ's kingdom of all authority, (and plainly contradicts the thirty-first article of our Confession of Faith, section three, which these brethren pre- tend to adopt,) agreeable to which is the whole superstructure of arguments which they advance and maintain against not only our synodical acts, but also all authority to make any acts or orders that shall bind their dissenting members, throughout their whole Apology. 2. Their protesting against the Synod's act in relation to the examination of candi- dates, together with their proceeding to license and ordain men to the ministry of the gospel, in opposition to, and in contempt of said act of Synod. 3. Their making irregular irruptions upon the congregations to which they have no immediate relation, without order, concurrence, or allowance of the Presbyteries or ministers to which congregations belong, thereby sowing the seeds of division among people, and doing what they can to alienate and fill their minds with unjust prejudices against their lawfully called pastors. 4. Their principles and practice of rash judging and condemning all who do not fall in with their measures, both ministers and people, as carnal, graceless, and enemies to the work of God, and what not, as appears in Mr. Gilbert Tennent's sermon against un- converted ministers, and his and Mr. Ijlair's papers of May last, which were read in open Synod; which rash judging has been the constant j^ractice of our protesting brethren, and their irregular probationers, for above these twelve months past, in their disorderly itinerations and preaching through our congregations, by which, (alas ! for it,) most of our congregations, through weakness and credulity, are so shattered and divided, and shaken in their principles, that few or none of us can say we enjoy the comfort, or have the success among our people, which otherwise we might, and which we enjoyed here- tofore. 5. Their industriously persuading people to believe that the call of God whereby he calls men to the ministry, does not consist in their being regularly ordained and set apart to that work, according to the institution and rules of the word ; but in some invisible 1741.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 159 the Synod. They were found to be the minor party, and upon this they with- drew. After this the Synod proceeded to business. Overtured, That every member of this Synod, whether minister or elder, do sincerely and heartily receive, own, acknowledge, or subscribe, the West- minster Confession of Faith, and Larger and Shorter Catechisms, as the con- motions and workings of the Spirit, -which none can be conscious or sensible of but the person himself, and with respect to which he is liable to be deceived, or play the hypo- crite ; that the gospel preached in truth by unconverted ministers, can be of no saving benefit to souls ; and their pointing out such ministers, whom they condemn as graceless by their rash judging spirit, they effectually carry the point with the poor credulous people, who, in imitation of their example, and under their patrociny, judge their minis- ters to be graceless, and forsake their ministry as hurtful rather than profitable. 6. Their preaching the terrors of the law in such a manner and dialect as has no pre- cedent in the word of God, but rather appears to be borrowed from a worse dialect ; and so industriously working on the passions and afi"ections of weak minds, as to cause them to cry out in a hideous manner, and fall down in convulsion-like fits, to the marring of the profiting both of themselves and others, who are so taken up in seeing and hearing these odd symptoms, that they cannot attend to or hear what the preacher says ; and then, after all, boasting of these things as the work of God, which we are persuaded do proceed from an inferior or worse cause. 7. Their, or some of them, preaching and maintaining that all true converts are as certain of their gracious state as a person can be of what he knows by his outward senses ; and are able to give a narrative of the time and manner of their conversion, or else they conclude them to be in a natural or graceless state, and that a gracious person can judge of another's gracious state otherwise than by his profession and life. That people are under no sacred tie or relation to their own pastors lawfully called, but may leave them when they please, and ought to go where they think they get most good. For these and many other reasons, we protest, before the Eternal God, his holy angels, and you. Reverend Brethren, and before all here present, that these brethren have no right to be acknowledged as members of this judicatory of Christ, whose principles and practices are so diametrically opposite to our doctrine, and principles of government and order, which the great Eang of the Church hath laid down in his word. How absurd and monstrous must that union be, where one part of the members own themselves obliged, in conscience, to the judicial determinations of the whole, founded on the word of God, or else relinquish membership; and another part declare, they are not obliged and will not submit, unless the determination be according to their minds, and consequently will submit to no rule, in making of which they are in the negative. Again, how monstrously absurd is it, that they should so much as desire to join with us, or we with them, as a judicatory, made up of authoritative ofl[icers of Jesus Christ, while they openly condemn us wholesale ; and, when they please, apply their condemna- tory sentences to particular brethren by name, without judicial process, or pi-oving them guilty of heresy or immorality, and at the same time will not hold Christian communion with them. Again, how absurd is the union, while some of the members of the same body, which meet once a year, and join as a judicatory of Christ, do all the rest of the year what they can, openly and above board, to persuade the people and flocks of their brethren and fellow members, to separate from their own pastors, as gi'aceless hypocrites, and yet they do not separate from them themselves, but join with them once every year, as mem- bers of the same judicatory of Christ, and oftener, when Presbyteries are mixed. Is it not most unreasonable, stupid indolence in us, to join with such as are avowedly tearing us in pieces like beasts of prey ? Again, is not the continuance of union with our protesting brethren very absurd, when it is so notorious that both their doctrine and practice are so directly contrary to the adopting act, whereby both they and we have adopted the Confession of Faith, Catechisms and Directory, composed by the Westminster Assembly? Finally, is not continuance of union absurd with those who would arrogate to them- selves a right and power to palm and obtrude members on our Synod, contrary to the minds and judgment of the body? In fine, a continued union, in our judgment, is most absurd and inconsistent, when it is so notorious, that our doctrine and principles of church government, in many points, are not only diverse, but directly opposite. For how can two walk together, except they be agreed ? Reverend Fathers and Brethren, these are a part, and but a part, of our reasons why 160 MINUTES OF THE [1741 fession of his faith, and the Directory, as far as circumstances will allow and admit in this infant church, for the rule of church order. Ordered, That every session do oblige their elders, at their admission, to do the same.. This was readily approved, nemine contradicente. Messrs. Cross, Thomson, Martin, Alison, Cathcart, Boyd, and the moderator, ministers ; and Robert McKnight, William McCulloch, Robert Rowland, and James Kerr, elders, appointed a committee for the fund, and any other business the Synod shall recommend to them. Messrs. Thomson, Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierson, Robert Cross, Alison, Boyd, Martin, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing, with elders, if they have occasion to meet, and that any five of the ministers be a quorum. It is reported that Mr. John Craig was, after the usual trials, ordained since last Synod, and that he subscribed the Westminster Confession of Faith, ac- cording to order of Synod. Ordered, That an account of the fund be brought in before the Synod break up. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet to-morrow morning at eight of the clock, to bring in the account of the fund. And the Synod to meet at ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. M day. At ten o'clock, according to appointment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee for the fund met, and overtured, that pursuant to the suppli- cation of the undertakers of the meeting-house at Wilmington, viz : Capt. Chambers and Capt. Hucheson, representing the difficulties that attend de- we protest as above, and which we have only hinted at, but have forborne to enlarge on them, as we might, the matter and substance of them are so well known to you all, and the whole world about us, that we judged this hint sufficient at present, to declare our serious and deliberate judgment in the matter; and as we profess ourselves to be re- solvedly against principles and practice of both anarchy and schism, so we hope that God, whom we desire to serve and obey, the Lord Jesus Christ, whose ministers we are, will both direct and enable us to conduct ourselves, in these trying times, so as our con- sciences shall not reproach us as long as we live. Let God arise, and let his enemies be scattered, and let them that hate him fly before him, but let the righteous be glad, yea, let them exceedingly rejoice. And may the spirit of life and comfort revive and comfort this poor swooning and fainting church, quicken her to spiritual life, and restore her to the exercise of true charity, peace, and order. Although we can freely, and from the bottom of our hearts, justify the Divine pro- ceedings against us, in suffering us to fall into these confusions for our sins, and par- ticularly for the great decay of the life and power of godliness among all ranks, both ministei's and people, yet we think it to be our present duty to bear testimony against these prevailing disorders, judging that to give way to the breaking down the hedge of discipline and government from about Christ's vineyard, is far from being the proper method of causing his tender plants to grow in grace and fruitfulness. As it is our duty in our station, without delay, to set about a reformation of the evils whereby we have provoked God against ourselves, so we judge the strict observation of his laws of government and order, and not the breaking of them, to be one necessary mean and method of this necessary and much to be desired reformation. And we doubt not, but when our God sees us duly humbled and penitent for our sins, he will yet return to us in mercy, and cause us to flourish in spiritual life, love, unity, and order, though perhaps we may not live to see it, yet this testimony that we now bear, may be of some good use to our children yet unborn, when God shall arise and have mercy on Zion. Ministers : Robert Cross, John Thomson, Francis Alison, Robert Cathcart, Richard Zanchy, John Elder, John Craig, Samuel Caven, Samuel Thomson, Adam Boyd, James Martin, Robert Jamison. Elders : Robert Porter, Robert McKnight, William McCulloch, John McEuen, Robert Rowland, Robert Craig, James Kerr, Alexander McKnight. 1742.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 161 fraying the charges of that meeting-house, the sum of ten pounds bo given out of the fund fur the aforesaid use, and that the Synod lend to said use upon sufficient security, the sum of thirty pounds, if said sum can be had next fall, free from interest for three years, and that the same be repaid at ten pounds a year. And in case no money come into the Synod's fund, that the Synod agree to pay the interest of fifty pounds for five years if required. £ s. d. To the Treasurer, - - - - 6 00 To the Janitor, - - - 1 10 To Mrs. Glen, - - - - 3 00 To Mrs. Paul, - - - 1 00 Which overture was read and approved. The Synod taking to their serious consideration, that God's judgments are abroad in the earth, and that the war in which we are engaged, the threatening scarcity of grain by the discouraging prospect of our crops, and the mournful, melancholy divisions among us, who profess to be the followers of the Prince of Peace, do loudly call for it, that we should keep a day of humiliation, fast- ing, and prayer, to implore the merciful and compassionate regard of our good God in these difficulties, and that it be left to each Presbytery to appoint the time as it will best suit within their respective bounds. Agreed, nemine contra- clicentc. Ordered, That Messrs. Thomson, Thomas Evans, and Alison, defend the pro- testation in print if need be. Ordered, That Mr. Thomson supply at Norrington the first Sabbath of June, Mr. Andrews the first Sabbath of July, Mr. Boyd the first Sabbath of August, Mr. Cross the fii-st Sabbath of September, Mr. Alison the first Sabbath of Oc- tober, Mr. Elder the first Sabbath of November, Mr. McHenry the first Sabbath of December, Mr. Zanchy the first Sabbath of March, Mr. Andrews the first Sabbath of April, and Mr. Cross the first Sabbath of May. Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next, then to meet at Philadel- phia, at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 174S. The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment. May 2Gth, 174:2. Uhi post preces sederunt New York Presbytery : Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Ebenezer Pemberton, John Pierson, John Nutman, Simon Horton, Silas Leonard, Azariah Horton. Absent : Messrs. Walter Wilmot, Aaron Burr, Nathaniel Hubbel, Isaac Chalker, Samuel Pumry. Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. John Thomson, Adam Boyd, Richard Zan- chy, Samuel Caven, Samuel Black, Samuel Thomson, Alexander McDowell. Absent : Messrs. William Bertram, John Elder, John Craig. New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Robert Cathcart, Francis Alison. Absent : Messrs. Thomas Evans, Hugh Conn, and John Orme. Lewes Presbytery. Absent : Messrs. James Martin, Robert Jamison, Hugh Carlile. Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, David Evans, Daniel Elmer, David Cowell, Francis McHenry, John Guild, Samuel Evans. Elders: Messrs. David Whittit, Nathaniel Hazard, John Ball, Timothy Whittit, John Hally, Andrew Gray, Thomas Hope, Walter Caruth, George 21 162 MINUTES OF THE [1742. Davison, James McTire, William Lindsay, Samuel Steel, William Gray, John Cross, Jonathan Fithian, Samuel Hart, David Grifl&th, Thomas Stid- more. Mr. Dickinson chosen moderator, and Mr. Alison clerk. Mr, Andrews, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5. The absence of New York Presbytery last year, considered, and the excuses of some of the members sustained. Since our last it hath pleased God to remove by death, the Rev. Mr. Henry Hook, of the Presbytery of Lewes. Ordained since our last, Mr. Azariah Horton, missionary for the Indians, in the Presbytery of New York ; Mr. John Guild and Mr. Samuel Evans, in the Presbytery of Philadelphia ; and Mr. Alexander McDowell in the Presbytery of Donegall. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. May ^Ith at nine o^docJc, met, and post preces sederunt qui supra. Upon a motion made by the moderator, that our Synod should hold a con- ference with the Brunswick brethren that they rejected last year, in order to accommodate the difference and make up that unhappy breach, it is agreed, that Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierson, Cross, Andrews, Thomson, Cathcart, David Evans, and Alison, meet with these brethren, and try all methods consistent with gospel truth, to prepare the way for healing the said breach. Agreed that the conference be held at the usual place of the Synod's meeting, at three in the afternoon, and that the Synod adjourn till nine o'clock to-mor- row morning. 28?^ day J at nine o^ clock, post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the Synod be resolved into an interloquitur of ministers and elders, to manage the conference with the ejected brethren, who are allowed, if they see cause, to bring with them the ministers that they ordained, that were never allowed to be ministers of this Synod, and all their respective elders. After a great deal of time spent to no purpose, the interloquitur found that all attempts for a coalition were vain and fruitless, and therefore it is agreed to adjourn till three o'clock, afternoon. Concluded with prayer. At three d clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Robert Jamison is now present and his absence excused. The Synod entered upon the affair complained of by the ejected members, and the question put for the managing said affair was, who should be the judges of the case ? The ejected members would submit the business to the considera- tion of none as judges, but such as had not signed the protest last year. And the protesting brethren answered to the point : That they, with the members that had adhered to them, after ejecting said members, were the Synod, and acted as such in the rejection, and in so doing they only cast out such members as they judged had rendered themselves unworthy of membership, by openly maintaining and practising things subversive of their constitution, and there- fore would not be called to account by absent members, or by any judicature on earth, but were willing to give the reasons of their conduct to their absent brethren, and to the public to consider or review it. Ordered, That the Synod, ministers and elders, meet at nine in the morning in an interloquitur. Adjourned till eleven o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1742.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 163 29^^ day, at 11 o^ clock, A. M. met uhi post preces sederunt qid supra. The interloquitur having entered upon some business without coming to a conclusion, the Synod is adjourned till Monday morning at ten of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 31 day, at ten o'cloc/c, met according to appointment/ Uhi post preces sederunt qui snj^ra. Ordered, That iMessrs. Andrews, Cross, Pemberton, Pierson, Thomson, Martin, Boyd, Cathcart, Samuel Evans, McHenry, Alison, and the moderator, be a committee for the fund, and the commission of the Synod for the follow- ing year; and Messrs. Gray, John Steel, Hazard, and William Linsey, be joined with the said committee in the affair of the fund, and that the ministers of the commission have elders with them if they have occasion to meet. A protest was given in by some members of our Synod, which is as follows, viz : To the reverend Synod now sitting in Philadelphia : We the subscribers, in our own and in the name of all that we shall see meet to join with us, look upon ourselves obliged in the most public manner, to declare our opinions with respect to the division made in our Synod the last year, by a protest that was delivered in by several of our members. First. We declare against the excluding the Presbytery of New-Bruns- wick and their adherents, from the communion of the Synod by a protest, without giving them a previous trial, as an illegal and unprecedented pro- cedure, contrary to the rules of the gospel and subversive of our excellent constitution. Secondly. We declare and protest against the conduct of our brethren, the last year's protestors, in refusing to have the legality of their said protest tried by the present Synod. Thirdly. We therefore declare and protest, that these members of the New- Brunswick Presbytery, and their adherents, that were excluded by the last year's protest, are to be owned and esteemed as members of this Synod, until they are excluded by a regular and impartial process against them, according to the methods prescribed in sacred Scripture, and practised by the churches of the Presbyterian persuasion. Fourthly. We protest against all passages in any of the pamphlets which have been lately published in these parts, which seem to reflect upon the work of divine power and grace, which has been carrying on in so wonderful a manner in many of our congregations, and declare to all the world, that we look upon it to be the indispensable duty of all our ministers to encourage that glorious work with their most faithful and diligent endeavours. And in like manner, we protest and declare against all divisive and irregular methods and practices, by which the peace and good order of our churches have been broken in upon. This is what our duty to God, and our regard to the peace and prosperity of his church oblige us to protest and declare, and we desire it may be recorded in the minutes of the Synod in perpetuam rei memoriavi. Jonathan Dickinson, Azariah Horton, John Pierson, Nathaniel Hazard, Ebenezer Pemberton, David Whitehead, Simon Horton, Silas Leonard, Daniel Elmer, Timothy Whitehead. Philadelphia, May 29, 1742. 164 MINUTES OF THE [1743. [This is in the first article ^^ro^esto^to contra factum ; for they were excluded by a vote of the Synod if they refused to give satisfaction for the points com- plained of, and upon this they withdrew.] I, the subscriber, do hereby desire, that it may be inserted in the Synod's minute book, that I judge it an open infringement on the rights of society, and particularly on our rights as Presbyterians, for any absent members to pretend to a right to call the body to an account, and judge of the legality of proceed- ings in acts, resolutions, and conclusions made in their absence. Though I firmly believe that it is the duty of such a body to submit such resolutions and conclusions to a review of the next Synod ; and though I look on it as giving up some of our rights, yet it is my earnest desire, and what I insist on, that the merits of the cause for which last year's Synod excluded the Bruns- wick brethren and adherents, ^be fairly tried by this present Synod, in order to manifest the justness of said proceedings. Francis Alison. Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May, at three o'clock, afternoon, and then to meet at Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer.* 1743. The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment, 3Iay 25th, 1743.- Vhi post preccs sederunt Ministers of New York Presbytery : Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Ebene- zer Pemberton, John Pierson, Aaron Burr, John Nutman. Absent : Messrs. Walter Wilmot, Nathaniel Ilubbel, Silas Leonard, Azariah Horton, Simon Horton, Samuel Pumry. New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Robert Cathcart, Francis Alison, Robert Jamison. Absent : Messrs. Hugh Conn, John Orme, and Hugh Stevenson. Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. John Thomson, Adam Boyd, Samuel Black, John Elder, Richard Zanchy, Samuel Caven, Alexander McDowell, Hamilton * The commission of the Synod met at four in the afternoon. Upon a supplication of the people of Apoquinimy, to be joined to the Presbytery of New Castle, and Mr. Jamison representing that their Presbytery was so weak that they could not meet upon business, it was agreed that the Presbytery of Lewes do join with that of New Castle. The Presbytery of New Castle having applied for advice to the Synod, with relation to Mr. John Steel, a probationer from Ireland, who offered himself to our care as a candi- date for the sacred work of the ministry, but was under some difficulty with relation to a marriage promise claimed by a young woman in Ireland, as his testimonials set forth, and by reason of some steps taken by him in his marriage in this country : The com- mission finding in all things, that his conduct at home and in this country, has been fair and unblamable, those things excepted, do advise the Presbytery of New Castle to defer taking him on trials till December next. And in the mean time, desire that both the young man and the Presbytery, write to the Presbytery of London-Derry, in Ireland, to see if any further light may be obtained in said affair. Upon the supplication of several of the back inhabitants of Virginia, desiring that the commission of the Synod would draw up a supplication to be sent to the General Assem- bly in Scotland or their commission, begging the favour that they may send over a pro- bationer or minister, that they think suitably qualified for that place, to take the pas- toral charge of said people. It is agreed that Messrs. Andrews and Cross write to them by the first suitable opportunity. The Synod having given orders last year to some of their number, to answer siu^h wri- tino-s as might be needful to set the present debate in a true light ; notwithstan ling we think it is the Synod's business to see the Pi'inter's accounts cleared, yet the conuuissiun recommend it earnestly to every Presbytery, and to every person, to be careful to bring in the price of the books disposed of in their bounds or by themselves, in order to defray said expense, before they proceed to contribute any thing further out of the fund. Concluded with prayer. 1743.] SYNOD OF PnlLADELPHIA. 165 Bell, John Hindman. Absent : Messrs. William Bertram, Samuel Thomson, John Craig. Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Robert Cross, Daniel Elmer, David Cowell, Francis McIIenry, and Samuel Evans. Absent: Messrs. David Evans and John Guild. Elders: Messrs. Alexander AValker, James Donnel, Matthew Atchinson, Daniel Henderson, George Davison, "William Stevenson, John McEwen, Arthur Patterson, AVilliam Gray, John Ogden, Samuel Hart, and David Griffith. Mr. Dickinson, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod with a sermon on 1 Cor. i. 10. Mr. David Cowell chosen moderator, and Mr. Alison clerk. Adjourned till ten o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 26 day at ten o'clock, post preccs sederunt qui sxipra. Messrs. Leonard and the Hortons' absence excused. Mr. Chalker is re- moved out of our bounds. Mr. Hugh Stevenson absent. This affair to be considered. Messrs. Thomas Evans and James Martin, of the Presbytery of New Castle, removed by death since our last, and likewise Mr. Joel Evans, proba- tioner. Since our last, Mr. Bell and Mr. Hindman were ordained by the Presby- tery of Donegall. Messrs. Bertram, Samuel Thomson, and Craig are excused for their absence. Mr. David Evans excused for his absence. A paper being brought in by Thomas Cookson, Esq. one of his majesty's justices, for the county of Lancaster, in the name of the Governor, to be laid before and considered by us, the Synod agrees to defer all other business, and set aside the common methods of their proceeding, to consider it, and orders it to be read. The above mentioned paper, with an affidavit concerning it, being read in open Synod, it was unanimously agreed : That it is full of trea- son, sedition, and distraction, and grievous perverting of the sacred oracles to the ruin of all societies and civil government, and directly and diametrically opposite to our religious principles, as we have on all occasions openly and publicly declared to the world ; and we hereby unanimously, with the greatest sincerity, declare that we detest this paper, and with it all principles and prac- tices that tend to destroy the civil or religious rights of mankind, or to foment or encourage sedition or dissatisfaction with the civil government that we are now under, or rebellion, treason, or any thing that is disloyal. And if Mr. Alexander Craighead be the author we know nothing of the matter. And we hereby declare, that he hath been no member of our society for some time past, nor do we acknowledge him as such, though we cannot but heartily lament that any man that was ever called a Presbyterian, should be guilty of what is in this paper. And we order, that a committee be appointed to draw up an address to the governor on this occasion, and that the committee be Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Alison, and the moderator, and bring it into the Synod for approbation. Adjourned till four o'clock, P. IM. Concluded with prayer. At four d clock, P. M. met, uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Stevenson's affair deferred. The address was brought in and approved. Ordered, That the ministers of the Synod wait on the governor and present this address, together with a copy of our minute with relation to this affair. 166 MINUTES OF THE [1743. Mr. Elder's absence last year is excused, Mr. Jones was ordained by the New York Presbytery since our last. Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierson, Thomson, Boyd, Cathcart, Samuel Evans, McHenry, Alison, and the mode- rator, be a committee for the fund, and the commission of the Synod for the following year ; and that William Gray, Arthur Patterson, and James Donnel, be joined with the said committee in the affair of the fund : and that the mi- nisters of the commission shall endeavour to bring elders with them if they have occasion to meet, and that six of them with the moderator, shall be a quorum. Ordered, That Mr. McDowell and Mr. Bell revise the Presbytery Book of Philadelphia. And that all our Presbyteries punctually bring their books, having all neglected to do so, Philadelphia Presbytery only excepted. Inquiry being made who had this year brought money to the fund, it was found that Mr. Alison, Mr. Bell, Messrs. Andrews and Cross, and Mr. Cowell, had brought something. Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 27th day, at ten o^clocJc, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of Hugh Stevenson was taken under consideration, upon which the Synod came into the following resolution : The Presbytery of New Cas- tle having suspended Mr. Stevenson on account of some scandals alleged against him, and his neglecting to appear before them to vindicate himself, notwithstanding he was called upon to do it, and having referred the further consideration of this affair to the Synod, the Synod having considered their reference, do look upon the conduct of the New Castle Presbytery as regular, and continue Mr. Stevenson under suspension till he shall be presbyterially cleared from these scandals alleged against him, and desire the New Castle Presbytery to take the first opportunity they conveniently can, to inquire into Mr. Stevenson's conduct, in order to a final determination. Adjourned till four o'clock. Concluded with prayer. At four o'cloch, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Some papers were given in to the Synod from some of the congregation at Abington. The consideration of them deferred. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 2Sth day. At ten 0^ cloch, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the Abington papers be read ; and the persons that brought them were referred back to their own Presbytery of Philadelphia. Adjourned till ten o'clock, on Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. On Monday morning the meeting of the Synod was deferred till four o'clock, P. M. that some proposals of peace and agreement might be prepared and sent to the Brunswick Presbytery. 80 day. Met at four o'cloch, P. M. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. An overture was brought by the Presbytery of New York, which was ordered to be read, and was as followcth, viz : At a Presbytery convened at Newark, May 15, 1743. An overture from the Presbytery of New York, to be proposed to the Synod of Philadelphia, at their next meeting. 1743.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 167 The Presbytery taking into consideration the melancholy divisions that have of late obtaiuod in the Synod, to the great dishonour of God, the scandal of our holy profession, the prejudice of our religious interests, and the too great encouragement of those dangerous errors and delusions which are making such a progress among us, think it our duty to contribute all we can towards healing these breaches, and promoting the unity of the Spirit in the bonds of peace, and do therefore propose : 1. That inasmuch as the Presbytery cannot see how the excluding the Pres- bytery of New-Brunswick, and those other ministers that join with them by a protestation, without a particular hearing, and deliberate vote of the Synod, formed upon such a distinct hearing of the case, can be agreeable to the laws of Christ, or any rules of discipline that have ever been known among any churches of our profession : we therefore propose that the said protestation be withdrawn, and those members peaceably take their place in the Synod as formerly. 2. Whereas it is of greatest necessity that the education of our candidates for the ministry be well regulated, and that our former diiFerence upon that subject be healed, we propose that all such, who for the future shall be pri- vately educated with a design for improvement in the ministry of the gospel, shall submit to the former agreement of the Synod in that case, or else be sent to one of the colleges in New England, and accept of such a station there as they are found qualified for, and that they continue there at least one year, and obtain their degree of bachelor of arts. And in case there should be any pious and promising youths that are privately educated for the ministry, who cannot well bear the charge of continuing so long at the college, they shall, upon the com- mendation of their respective Presbyteries, and the approbation of the Synod, or commission of the Synod, have such allowances from the Synod for their support at the college, as the Synod or their commission shall think proper, and so much of the income of the fund as is sufficient shall be appropriated to that purpose. 3. Whereas there have been differences among us with respect to itinerant preaching, with the consequences of it, we propose that there be an united agreement of the Synod, that all our pulpits be open to those ministers that are in our communion, and we unanimously resolve to invite each other to preach in our respective parishes as occasion offers. And for any minister to refuse another minister the use of his pulpit when regularly applied to, and to continue in that refusal from time to time, shall be looked upon as an unbrotherly prac- tice, tending to division and separation among us. Provided always, that the minister refusing his pulpit as aforesaid, has not such reason for his conduct as shall be approved by the Presbytery, or Synod, or commission of the Synod. And that there may be no schism or confusions maintained in our congrega- tions, it be proposed that all our ministers shall be obliged, that they will not for the future promote or encourage any divisions or separations, neither by setting up separate meetings in any of our congregations, nor by any methods whatsoever endeavouring to alienate the affections of the people from their minister ; but that every one of us shall do what we can to assist one another, and strengthen each other's hands in the work of the Lord. And every contra- vention of this article shall be looked upon as just matter of censure either by Presbytery or Synod. 4. It is also proposed that, if any of our ministers either really have or sup- pose they have just matter of complaint against any of their brethren in the ministry within our bounds, with respect either to his doctrine, manner of preaching, diligence in his discharge of the more public or private parts of his ministerial duties, or with respect to his conduct or conversation, such minister shall first in a kind, tender, and affectionate manner, particularly make known 168 MINUTES OF THE [1743. the matter of his complaint to such of his brethren in a private conference. And if these endeavours fail of desired success, he shall put into his hands a written copy of his complaints, with a citation to answer them before his Pres- bvtery, or before the Synod, or commission of the Synod, as the complainant shall think fit. 5. It is also proposed, that all former matters of difference and debate in the Synod, be now entirely buried in oblivion, and that each minister of the Synod do from this time treat one another with the same intimate love, kindness, and respect, as if such differences had never been. This article not being to be understood as excluding any of our ministers from reasoning either publicly or privately in a brotherly, or a Christian manner, against any point of doctrine which they suppose erroneous or dangerous. 6. The Presbytery considering the absolute necessity of union and good agreement in a religious society, since a kingdom divided against itself cannot Stand, do earnestly pray, that this or some other plan of accommodation be come into at this meeting of the Synod. But if our hopes in that matter should prove abortive, and no methods can be obtained, it is proposed that this Synod do unitedly agree that another Synod be erected, by the name of the Synod of New York, and that any of our members shall have liberty to join themselves to which of the two Synods they shall think fit ; and in order to our communion one with another, and to consult the general interest of religion in these parts, it Is proposed that there be two correspondents sent yearly from each Synod to the other. Ebenezer Pemberton, Moderator. These inserted in the next year's minutes. Some remarks upon the above overture were read ; and after some considera- tion it was put to vote, whether this overture was to be accepted as a plan of accommodation or not, and it was unanimously voted in the negative. A paper was upon this given in by Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, in his own name, and in the names of Messrs. Ebenezer Pemberton, John Pierson, and Aaron Burr, having previously declared that they complain of no unfriendly or unbro- therly treatment from the Synod with relation to themselves, but that their conduct in this affair may be liable to misrepresentations, which said paper is as follows : As I look upon myself to be a member of the Synod of Philadelphia, and have a continued right to sit and act in the same as such, so I look upon the New Brunswick Presbytery, and those other brethren that adhere to them, and are therefore shut out of the Synod on that account, to be truly members of this Synod as myself, or any others whatsoever, and have a just claim to sit and act with us. I cannot, therefore, at present see my way clear to sit and act as though we were the Synod of Philadelphia, while the New Brunswick Presby- tery, and the other members with them, are kept out of the Synod in the manner they now are. A proposal of agreement and union between us and the brethren of New Brunswick was sent to those brethren by Mr. Aaron Burr, which is as fol- loweth, viz. Proposals made to the New Brunswick brethren, in order to their being ad- mitted to take their places in the Synod, upon a Scripture foundation. Forasmuch as we are informed that the New Brunswick brethren are willing and desirous of reconciliation and union with the Synod, and to know on what terms this may be obtained : That the said brethren may be fully per- suaded that we have no delight in division for its own sake, but on the con- trary, are sincerely desirous of union and peace upon just and reasonable terms, so that upon our cordial agreement there be a foundation laid, that, through 1743.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 169 Grod's blessing, may prevent the havock and destruction of tbe churcli threat- ened by our common enemies. Therefore we propose : 1. That as they desire to be received and treated as members of our Synod they will submit to the determinations and conclusions of our judicatures, even in those cases wherein they are negatives in giving their votes, and so allow a determination to be by the majority, or else no longer plead a right of member- ship ; and that they renounce their principles delivered in their Apology, espe- cially that whereby they declare that Presbyteries and Synods have no right to make any agreements, or come to any determinations by votes that shall bind any members who do not give their consent to those conclusions or determina- tions. For without this recantation they can never be members of this Synod, -^^»^, seeing they put in a claim for arbitrary power to destroy and overturn all our agreements, and to despise and disregard our censures, as they have already ^ ^^ professedly done, in licensing and ordaining so many men for the work of the ministry. 2. If they profess they will use all endeavours to secure a learned ministry, we desire that they testify this by desisting from licensing or ordaining men for the work of the ministry, who have not complied with the Synod's agree- ment, or the alternative proposed in the last year's conference with these breth- ren, and that they give up all those persons that they have heretofore licensed or ordained in opposition to our public agreement, to be examined and tried by the Synod whether they have suitable ministerial qualifications, or that they will not maintain ministerial communion with any of them for the future, who refuse to be examined by the Synod, or who, upon examination, are found defi- cient, until they give suitable satisfaction. 3. That for the future they will desist from either acting or preaching, or sending their missionaries within the bounds of our Presbyteries, or fixed pas- toral charges as heretofore ; that they will not encourage new separate societies in congregations as heretofore, nor supply with preaching the societies they have made or occasioned, among the people under our care, but declare that all such practices are of pernicious tendency, and inconsistent with the Presbyterian plan. 4. That they will not publicly nor privately endeavour to diminish the char- acter of any minister as graceless, unconverted, or unworthy of his office, until ' '■^^^ he be tried by a proper judicature and censured; and that they claim no right to judge of men's spiritual estates towards God, so as to determine whether they - be gracious or graceless, if sound in the faith, and of a gospel life and conversa- tion, and that they condemn all such practices. 5. That they renounce all such tenets or doctrines that have been advanced in Mr. Tennent's Nottingham sermon, which are contrary to our Presbyterian plan and subversive of gospel order, and a floodgate to let in divisions and dis- orders into the church, such as an allowance to church members to guess at the spiritual state of their pastors, and upon this guess, without further trial, to leave them as graceless and unconverted ; their asserting an inward caU to the ministry, in opposition and contradiction to the outward call, or ordaining to the gospel ministry, and all who maintain them can be no members of a Presbyterian society or church, because they take all government out of the hands of a Synod or Presbytery, and give it to any person that hath ignorance and impudence enough to bring God's house into confusion. 6. That they acknowledge that too many of them have been guilty in all these points, and that notwithstanding whatever zeal and intention to advance a work of grace they might have been influenced by, yet now they are con- \unced that these practices have had a dreadful tendency to promote and spread the divisions and confusions that perplex and disturb this church. 7. We propose that, if they have any ground of complaint against any of 22 170 MINUTES OF THE [1743. our members, with respect to their doctrine, their conversation, or diligence in the ministry, that they shall be welcome to table the charge against them in a proper judicatory, whether they comply with these terms or not; and that, if they satisfy us in these points, and accept their seats in our Synod, all other grounds of complaint shall be removed, either by public trial, or such other method as they and we in conjunction shall determine, and will best promote the glory of Grod, and the good of his church. And we declare that if all or any of these brethren accept these terms, or any other that we and they can devise or come to, that will lay a foundation to secure these important rights of societies, a learned and pious ministry, and to prevent errors and divisions, in a way agreeable to God's word, and the Presbyterian constitution, we are heartily willing to receive them ; and we desire that they may give us their answer to these heads as soon as they can conveniently. These proposals were sent in an extra-judicial way to the Brunswick brethren, upon reading of which in open*" Synod, it was agreed that these proposals were reasonable, in order to open a way toward an accommodation and interview between these brethren and us. And to these we received an answer by Mr. William Tennent, junior, which is as followeth : Upon a paper sent to us from the ministers that protested against us, propos- ing certain terms of union, this conjunct meeting of the Presbyteries of New Brunswick and New Castle does judge that there can be no regular methods of proceeding towards the compassing a stated union between them and us, until their illegal protest be withdrawn ; yet so they and we may both stand upon an equal foot in the regular trial of the differences between us. That their paper contains sundry misrepresentations and unreasonable demands, and that we have several charges against them to be satisfied in before we could come into a settled union with them. Upon reading our minutes, it was proposed, that as the protestation of the New York brethren seems to complain of the conduct of this Synod, in the year 1741, ordered, that the protestation delivered in that year be entered into our minutes ; which protestation is accordingly to be found at the end of the minutes for this year. A paper in answer to the New York brethren's protestation, being read in open Synod, it was unanimously agreed, that it be kept in retentis. Upon a supplication brough by Mr. Alison, desiring that Mr. McDowell be joined to the Presbytery of New Castle, in order to answer the repeated suppli- cations of Elk-River and White-Clay Creek, ordered, that he be joined to it, and that they supply Nottingham for a year. Messrs. Andrews and Cross did write to the General Assembly in Scotland, in favour of the back inhabitants of Virginia, as was desired. Ordered, that the committee for the fund meet to-morrow, at eight o'clock, and the Synod at ten. Concluded with prayer. 31 dai/, at ten o'clock, A. M. accorcling to a2'>point'ment. Uhi post prcces sederunt qui supra. (Some excepted who were gone home.) The committee have not brought in the account of the fund ; Ordered, They settle it now and bring it against the next meeting. Agreed to remit a bond of Mr. Houston's, dated July 25th, 1740, in favour of his widow and her family. A proposal was made to write to the General Assembly of the church of Scotland, and lay before them the low and melancholy condition of the infant church, both for want of probationers to supply our numerous vacancies, and also for want of a suitable encouragement for ministers in new settlements, and intreat them both to send ministers and probationers to us, and to allow them £ s. d. o 10 6 00 1 10 5 00 3 00 1744.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 171 some small support out of their fund for some years in new places. And that they be pleased to enable us in some measure, or by some method, to erect a seminary or school for educating young men for these ends among ourselves. This was agreed to, and ordered, that Messrs. Cross, Andrews, and Thomson, write a letter to the Assemlily, and let them know our circumstances. Ordered, That the l*resbytery of Philadelphia regard the people of Abing- ton, and supply there as oft as they can conveniently, if they hud that their case requires it. Ordered, That JMessrs. Alison and McDowell write to some gentlemen in Virginia, ac(juainting them with our application to the General Assembly of Scotland, and begging their interest to further that design. Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Cathcart, and the moderator, wait on the governor, and present the address. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at two o'clock, P. M. Disbursements from the fund allowed per the committee for the year 1743, as foUoweth, viz. To Archibald McMullen for services done, To the Treasurer, . . . . . To the Janitor, .... To Mrs. Glen, To Mrs. Hook, The sum total of the fund before any disbursements, as computed by the committee, 1743, five hundred and seventy pounds, sixteen shillings and seven pence. Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next, at three o'clock, P. M. and then to meet at Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 1744. The Synod met at Philadelphia according to appointment. May 23(i, 1744. Vhipostpreces sedemnt Minister of New Castle Presbytery : Mr. Alexander McDowell. Absent — Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. John Thomson, Adam Boyd, John Craig, John Elder. Absent — Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Kobert Cross, Daniel Elmer, Samuel Evans. New York Presbytery absent. Elders : Alexander Montgomery, James Read, Hugh Rippey, William Wilson, William Johnston, William Gray, Edward Lummis, and James Abraham. Mr. Andrews opened the Synod by a sermon on Ezek. iii. 17. Mr. Cowell, the last year's moderator, being absent. Many of the members being absent, and expected to be present to-morrow, it is concluded that the Synod adjourn to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning, before they enter upon business. Concluded with prayer. I^th day at nine o^chch. Met according to appointment. Uhi posi preces sederunt qui supra. And upon calling the roll the following members present who were absent yesterday, viz : Messrs. George Gillespie, Robert Cathcart, and Francis Alison, of the New Castle Presbytery. And that Presbytery reports, that since our last they have ordained to the work of the ministry Mr. Timothy Griffith and Mr. John Steel, they having passed the usual trials and adopted the 172 MINUTES OF THE [1744. Westminster Confession and Catechisms as the confession of their faith, ac- cording to order of the Synod in that case provided. They also inform us, that pursuant to a call drawn up by the people of Snow-Hill, Buckingham, and the Ferry, in Worcester in Maryland, and with the Presbytery's concur- rence, sent to the Presbytery of Paisley in North Britain, the Rev. Mr. James Scougal accepted the said call. And having produced sufficient testimonials of his piety, learning, prudence, soundness in the faith, blameless conversation and ordination by them, was admitted as a member of the Presbytery of New Castle. And the Synod admitted these brethren into membership. Of Donegall Presbytery, Mr. Black is now present. Absent : Messrs. Samuel Thomson, Richard Zanchy, Bertram, Hindman, and Samuel Caven. (Mr. Bell was suspended by said Presbytery.) Present now of Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. David Evans and Prancis McHenry. Elders of the ministers absent yesterday : Messrs. John McMichael, William McCulloch, Thomas James, David Patterson, Samuel Hart, James Kerr. Mr. McHenry chosen moderator, and Mr. McDowell clerk. We find that upon reading the last year's roll, Mr. Robert Jamison is re- moved by death since our last, as also Mr. Hugh Stevenson. Mr. Samuel Pumry's absence now excused, on account of bodily indisposi- tion. Mr. David Evans gave reasons for his last year's absence, which were sus- tained. Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Dickinson, Pierson, Nutman, John Thomson, Boyd, Black, Samuel Evans, Cathcart, Alison, Grillespie, and the moderator, be the committee for the fund and the commission of the Synod for the ensuing year. And Messrs. William Gray, Samuel Hart, William McCul- loch, William Wilson, elders, be joined with them in the affair of the fund; and that every minister endeavour to have an elder with him if the Synod's commission have occasion to meet; and that five ministers and the moderator be a quorum of the commission. Ordered, That Messrs. Boyd and Griffith revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia ; and Messrs. Alison and Cathcart the Presbytery book of Done- gall, and that these books be delivered the next sederunt. Ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle, not having their book now, do put it in order and bring it to be revised by the Synod the next year. Inquiry being made who had brought money to the fund, it was found that Messrs. Andrews, Cross, McHenry, and Craig, had brought some. Upon reading our last year's minutes, we find an overture presented by the Presbytery of New York, and that remarks upon it were read in Synod, but these remarks not being entered in the Synod book, it is now ordered, that they be inserted here in this place. They are as follows : Some short hints by way of remark on an overture designed to be laid before the Synod of Philadelphia by the brethren of the Presbytery of New York, sub- mitted by the said brethren to the consideration of the other members of the Synod in a private extra-judicial way. On the introduction remark : How far the following particulars of the over- ture are conducive to the good end proposed, will be best known by a j^articular consideration of them. On article first remark : Notwithstanding of what is alleged by our breth- ren, we are still of the mind that the exclusion of the New Brunswick brethren by the protestation mentioned, is sufficiently justified by the reasons specified in the said protestation ; which reasons are further strengthened by the conduct of the said brethren ever since. And were it needful to produce them, there are not wanting precedents of this method of procedure in Pres- 1744.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 173 Ityterian churches, yea and in civil judicatures; and therefore we think it altogether inconsistent with duty and a good conscience, to withdraw said protest or recede from it. And further, it is our judgment, that the only sensible expedient in order to reunion, in the present circumstances is, that the New Brunswick, &c. would let us know under their hand, how far they will or can comply, to give the Synod satisfaction for the offences complained of, by acknowledging their past misconduct, and by giving satisfactory security against the fears of the like offences for the future. On the second article remark : If the Brunswick brethren would once give such satisfaction to the Synod for their past conduct, in opposition to our act of Synod, relating to the examination of candidates for the ministry, it seems not unlikely that we mijiht affree either in the amendment thereof, or in iusti- tuting an equivalent for the future. But if no reparation be made tor the damages done by their past conduct in opposition to said act, we think it vain to talk of substituting an equivalent for the future. And, therefore, we also would desire to know from these brethren under their hands, what satisfaction they are willing to give the Synod on this head. On article the third : Our judgment in respect of being obliged to open our pulpits to itinerants, and to invite them to preach in them, sub j^oena of being esteemed unbrotherly, and promoters of division and separation, is so far differ- ent and opposite to our New York brethren's judgment, that we verily be- lieve, that such a constitution or order as our brethren talk of, is of most visi- ble and obvious tendency to promote division and separation, and every thing that is unbrotherly and uncharitable. Neither is it enough that there are no endeavours to set up separate meetings in our congregations, but also that all these already set up, be obliged to return to their pastors and congregations, or else be deemed and dealt with as disorderly. And that the New Bi'uns- wick brethren, &c. shall take such methods as the Synod shall prescribe, to persuade those whom they have influenced to separate, to return again to their respective folds and pastors. In fact we think the proposal has a visible, plain, and native tendency to advance the mischief it pretends to prevent, and to prevent and destroy the good it pretends to advance. We think that to give any minister a right to preach in any brother's pulpit contrary to his inclination, without presbyterial order for that purpose, is the direct way to breed and foment divisions, and quench brotherly love among ministers. Where love and esteem actually subsist there is no need for such right to be pleaded by the itinerant; and when jealousy, and want of love and esteem do prevail, such an order would undoubtedly increase them. Besides, we think that itinerant preaching, properly so called, (i. e. when preaching is the prin- cipal end for travel,) except by express order of Presbytery, hath no founda- tion in the word of God. Even Paul and Barnabas had a particular order for their travelling among the Gentiles. And therefore we propose that it still be left as it always hath been, to the discretionary agreement of the ministers concerned, when one minister shall preach in another's pulpit, and that_ no minister be allowed to travel abroad to preach, i. e. for preaching's sake, with- out an actual or virtual order from his respective Presbytery, together with the concurrence of the Presbytery where he preaches. On article fourth remark : This article is for substance the same with what hath been in force and practice in all well regulated Presbyterian churches; saving that the order of process is inverted or perverted, inasmuch as it puts" it in the accuser or prosecutor, to bring things per saltum, before a superior jurisdiction. It is therefore our judgment, that according to the natural order of things, and the known practice of all Presbyterian churches in the world, that every person or case be tried by or before its next or lowest judicature to which he or it is subject. 174 MINUTES OF THE [1744. On tlae fifth remark : This article we approve on supposition, that union on a 20od foundation were obtained ; otherwise we think this article, if in force, would enjoin what is not only unreasonable but also impossible in the nature of the thing, viz : That the Brunswick brethren and we should be sincere in treating one another with the same intimate love, kindness, and respect, as if such differences had never been, while yet we have received no satisfaction for the past most public and injurious treatment, which we have suffered at their hands. And to enjoin it, we think would be in the consequence of it, foolish, wicked, and utterly inconsistent with the principles of rational self- preservation, and the trust reposed in us by our exalted Lord. Inasmuch as it would be to put it in the power of those who have been tearing our bowels, and the bowels of Christ's church under our care these years past, to persist without resistance in the same practice, and to act the same cruelty over again. While we have not any reasenable scriptural evidence of their repentance for past injuries, nor security against the like treatment for the future. Besides that it is contrary to the general Scripture rules of dealing with scandalous offenders. Them that sin rebuke before all. Count him, viz : the obstinate offender as an heathen or publican, and avoid the authors of division as persons who serve not the Lord Christ but their own bellies. On article sixth remark : To give into this article would be to approve of and confii'm schism by our Synodical authority. For seeing the reason for erecting such a new Synod, is because we cannot live in union and concord ; surely one of the parties at least, must be certainly and really in the fault j and for our Synod to approve of a faulty party, separating on the score of con- tention, is evidently to ratify schism by Synodical authority; besides, this would infer our consenting to the perpetuating a continual temptation to build up the interest of our own respective parties or Synods respectively, in oppo- sition to one another, i. e. in opposition to the opposite Synod, which we our- selves have erected and approved. Therefore we cannot in conscience com- ply with it. But if our New York brethren, &c. shall now see cause, con- trary to our judgment and inclination, to divide themselves from us, and to erect themselves into a new separate body, as it is not in our power to hinder them, though we cannot in conscience approve of their so doing, yet we hope, that by the grace of God, we shall sincerely and conscientiously endeavour to cherish and cultivate a truly Christian and charitable disposition towards them, as far as such a contentious separation will allow, and as far as we can attain unto, in opposition to the remains of the corruption and uncharitableness, which we have reason to acknowledge doth too much and too often prevail in and over us all. Provided always, that our brethren shall not hereby think that we will bind ourselves from vindicating our conduct, with respect to this breach in the most public manner, so that the Reformed churches and impartial world may have an opportunity to judge in the affair. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Af tli7'ee 0^ clock, P. M. post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. McDowell's affair referred to further consideration. The time of meeting of the committee for the fund deferred, Messrs. Andrews and Cross wrote to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, according to appointment. The Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have supplied the people of Abington divers times, according to last year's appointment. Messrs. Alison and McDowell report, that they have writ to some gentlemen in Virginia, acquainting them of our application to the General Assembly of Scotland, as appointed last year. 1744.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 175 Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Catheart, &c. report, that they waited on the Governor with the address, according to appointment. Mr. Bell materially appealed from a judgment of suspension laid on him by the Presbytery of Donegall, and requested the Syncxi would appoint a committee to meet at Donegall on that affair. And it is ordered, that Messrs. John Thomson, Robert Cross, Adam Boyd, Samuel Thomson, Hindman, Gillespie, McDowell, and Griffith, be a committee to meet there the second "Wednesday of June next, at twelve o'clock, to hear and determine that affair, and that ]Mr. Bell continue under suspension till the committee meet. And it is further determined that a copy of this minute be sent to the congregation of Donegall as soon as possible, and that Mr. Black or Mr. Elder take care to deliver the said c*ipy, to be communicated to the members, that they prepare evidences and be ready for a trial of that affair. And it is ordered, that Mr. Gillespie open the committee with a sermon. A representation from many people of North Carolina, was laid before the Synod showing their desolate condition, and requesting the Synod to take their estate into consideration, and petitioning that we would appoint one of our number to correspond with them. Ordered, That Mr. John Thomson correspond with them. Ordered, That Messrs. David Evans, Samuel Evans, and Griffith, write to Wales, representing the state of our church, and to desire a probationer may be sent from them to us if they possibly can. Adjourned till ten o'clock to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 25^7t day, at ten o'clock. Post preces sederunt qui supra. New Castle Presbytery desiring Mr. McDowell might be entirely loosed from Donegall and joined to them ; and Mr, McDowell desiring the advice of the Synod to determine him in this affair, it was unanimously voted that he should be joined to New Castle Presbytery, and the congregation of Notting- ham is continued and wholly joined with New Castle Presbytery. The affair of the fund deferred. A letter from Mr. Hutchinson, containing his opinion of the proceedings of the Synod and New-Brunswick party, and advices to the Synod, was read be- fore us. And the Synod judges, that so far as his advices appear agreeable to the word of God, they have walked agreeable to them, and hope they will endeavour still to make conscience of doing so. Ordered, That Mr. Alison write to Mr. Hutchinson an answer to his letter. The minutes of a committee held at the great valley, November 16th, 1743, by a private agi-eement between the Presbyteries of Philadelphia, New Castle, and Donegall, were laid before us, showing that the said committee consid- ered the necessity of using speedy endeavours to educate youth for supply- ing our vacancies. But the proper method for this end cannot be so well com- passed without the Synod ; they refer the further consideration of the affair to that reverend body, but agree that in the mean time a school be opened for the education of youth. And the Synod now approve that design, and take the said school under our care, and agree upon the following plan for carrying on that design : 1. That there be a school kept open where all persons who please may send their children and have them instructed gratis in the languages, philosophy, and divinity. 2. In order to carry on this design, it is agreed that every congregation under our care, be applied to for yearly contributions, more or less, as they can afford, and as God may incline them to contribute, until Providence open a door for our supporting the school some other way. 3. That if any thing can be spared besides what may support a master 176 MINUTES OF THE [1744 and tutor, that it be employed by tbe trustees for buying books and other necessaries for said school, and for the benefit of it, as the trustees shall see proper. And Mr. Alison is chosen master of said school, and has the privilege of choosing an usher under him to assist him; and the said Mr. Alison is exempted from all public business, save only attending church judicatures, and what concerns his particular pastoral charge. And the Synod agree to allow Mr. Alison twenty pounds per annum, and the usher fifteen pounds. The further consideration of this affair deferred till the afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock, P M. Concluded with prayer. At three ddocky P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The aifair of the fund deferrM. The affair of the school resumed. 4. Agreed that Messrs. Jedidiah Andrews, Cross, and Evans, junior, of Philadelphia Presbytery ; and John Thomson, Black, and Boyd, of Donegall ; and Gillespie and Griffith, Cathcart, and Steel, and McDowell, of New Cas- tle Presbytery, be appointed trustees for the management of the affairs of the said school, for this year ; and as many more as can conveniently, may meet with them. And it 's ordered, that said trustees meet on the third Wednesday of September next, and that any five of them be a quorum, and that they ap- point three of their number to meet at three other times in the year at said school. These trustees are to inspect into the master's diligence in, and me- thod of, teaching ; consider and direct what authors are chiefly to be read in the several branches of learning ; to examine the scholars from time to time, as to their proficiency, and apply the money procured from our people as or- dered above, and to what other uses they find proper ; and in sum, to order all affairs relating to said school as they see expedient, and be accountable to the Synod, making report of their proceedings and the state of the school yearly. And ordered, that Messrs. Thomson, Griffith, and Steel, and McDowell, be the four that shall meet first at said school, and that on the last Tuesday of June next. The Rev. Mr. Dorsius, pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church in Bucks county, laid a letter before us from the deputies of North and South Holland, wherein they desire of the Synod an account of the state of the High and Low Dutch churches in this province, and also of the churches belonging to the Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, and whether the Dutch churches may be joined in communion with said Synod, or if this may not be, that they would form themselves into a regular body and government among themselves. In pursuance of which letter the Synod agree, that letters be wrote in the name of the Synod, to the deputies of these Synods in Holland, in Latin, and to the Scotch ministers in Rotterdam, giving them an account of the churches here, and declaring our willingness to join with the Calvinist Dutch churches here, to assist each other as far as possible in promoting the common interests of religion among us, and signifying the present great want of ministers among the High and Low Dutch, with desire that they may help in educating men for the work of the ministry. And the Synod ordered, that Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Evans, junior, and the moderator, do write said letters. A paper from the New Brunswick party was presented to us by Mr. Blair, the consideration of which is deferred till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 1745.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 177 26/^ dai/, at nine ddoch, post preccs sederunt qui supra. The affair of the fund doforrod. The Synod took under consideration the paper sent to us yesterday by I\Ir. Blair, from the New Brunswick party, demanding a part of the fund belong- ing to this Synod may be allowed them. By which demand we find that they discover no intention to endeavours for peace, and to heal the lamentable divisions that prevail in our distressed church. And as we look on that party, made up partly of those who have by their conduct forfeited their right to membership among us, and of consequence to all the privileges thereof, and partly of those who never belonged to our Synod, and of consequence have no more riglit to any privileges whatsoever appertaining to the Synod, than any other whatsoever who will pretend thereunto without any colour of reason or equity; and therefore, on the whole, we judge their demand herein to bo highly unreasonable and unjust, and not to be complied with. Approved, j nemine contradicente. — »- Ordered, That a copy of the above minute be signed by the moderator, and sent to Mr. Gilbert Tennent, moderator of the New Brunswick party ; which accordingly was done by the janitor. Ordered, That every minister recommend it to their respective congregations, to contribute yearly toward defraying the expenses of their respective elders in attending on the Synod. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet here at three o'clock this afternoon. Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next, at three o'clock, post meridiem. Concluded with prayer. 1745. The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment, MayTld, 1745. Vhi post preces sederunt Of New York Presbytery, ministers: Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, and Pemberton. Absent: Messrs Nutman, Burr, Hubbell, Leonard, Azariah Horton, and Simon Horton. Of Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Andrews, Cross, David Evans, Elmer, McHenry, Cowell, Samuel Evans. AUsent : Mr. Guild. Of Donegall Presbytery, ministers : Messrs. Boyd, Thomson, Zanchy. Absent : Messrs. Bertram, Black, Elder, Samuel Thomson, Caven, Hindman, Craig. Of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Gillespie, Cathcart, Alison, McDowell, Scougal, Griffith, Steel. Elders: William Gray, Thomas Harris, William Ramsey, John Parry, William Ewen, William Wallace, William Nill, Robert Mackey, William Lindsay, Samuel James, James Donnal, Nathaniel Hazard, Brice Innis. Our Rev. Brethren, Mr. Pumry, of Newtown, and Mr. Wilmot, of Jamaica, on Long Island, are deceased since our last. The Synod was opened by a sermon on Prov. xi. 30, by Mr. McHenry, last year's moderator. Mr. Robert Cathcart chosen moderator, and Mr. McDowell clerk. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 23 178 MINUTES OF THE [1745. 2Sd day. At nine ddocJc the Synod met, and post preces sederimt qui supra. Mr. Cowell's and Mr. Zancliy's absence last year excused, for reasons given. Ordered, That Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, Pemberton, Andrews, Black, Zauchy, Cross, McHenry, Gillespie, Alison, McDowell, and the moderator, be the committee for the fund, and the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing; and that William Gray, Robert McKnight, William Ewen, and Nathaniel Hazard, elders, be joined with them, and that each member always endeavour to have an elder with him in case the commission of the Synod have occasion to meet, and that any five ministers, with the moderator, be a quorum of the commission. Ordered, That Mr. Steel and Mr. Zanchy revise the Presbytery book of Philadelphia, and that it be given them the next sederunt for that end. New York, Donegall, and New Castle books being not here now, Ordered, That each of these Presbyteries put their books in order and bring them to be revised the next year. Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, and Pemberton, in the name of the New York Presbytery, and by a commission from them, desire that the Synod appoint a committee to confer with them to try whether an overture can be prepared, re- moving any grounds of dissatisfaction or difference between them and the Synod. Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews, Cross, Alison, Thomson, Boyd, Gillespie, McDowell, Samuel Evans, and the moderator, meet with them as a committee for that purpose, at three o'clock, and as many other members as please may attend. Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, it was found that Messrs. Andrews and Samuel Evans had brought some. And it was recom- mended to the other members that had brought none, carefully to observe the order in that case made for the future. The committee appointed by the Synod to hear and determine Mr. Bell's affair, met according to appointment; and the reading of their minutes is deferred till next sederunt. The order that Messrs. David Evans, Samuel Evans, and Grifl&th, write to Wales, not being yet fulfilled, is continued. Upon reading the minutes relating to the school, it's ordered, that such as have raised no collections for the school as yet, should immediately apply to their congregations for contributions; and that all the members do so again between this and our next, and that such as supply in vacant congregations endeavour to obtain collections from them also, for supporting the school, and that each Presbytery see that those they appoint to supply vacancies do so. Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Samuel Evans, Boyd, Black, Griffith, and Steel, be a committee and trustees for the school, and meet at said school the second Tuesday of October and March. The letters were wrote to Holland according to appointment. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 24oston on this head, and had a very favourable answer. But when we were thus projecting our plan, and appointing commissioners to Britain, etc. to promote the thing, the war with Spain was proclaimed, which put a stop to our proceedings then. The Synod then came to a public agreement to take all private schools where young men were educated for the ministry, so far under their care as to appoint a committee of our Synod to examine all such as had not obtained degrees in the European or New Eng- land colleges, and give them certificates if they were found qualified, which was to serve our Presbyteries instead of a college diploma, till better provision could be made. Mr. Grilbert Tennent cried out that this was to prevent his father's school for training gracious men for the ministry ; and he, and some of his adherents, protested against it, and counteracted this our public agree- ment, admitting men to the ministry which we judged unfit for that office, which course they persisted in though admonished and reproved by us for such unwarrantable proceedings. While these debates subsisted, Mr. White- field came into the country, whom they drew into their party to encourage divisions. And they and he have been the sad instruments of dividing our churches. And by his interest Mr. Gilbert Tennent grew hardy enough to tell our Synod he would oppose their design of getting assistance to erect a college wherever we should make application, and would maintain young men at his father's school in opposition to us. This, with his and his adherent's divisive practices, obliged the Synod to exclude him and others of his stamp, from their communion. In this situation our affairs grew worse ; for our va- cancies were numerous, and we found it hard in such trouble to engage such gen- tlemen either from New England or Europe to come among us, as our best friends in those places could recommend as steadfast in the faith, and men of parts and education. Upon this the Synod erected a school in the year 1744. It was agreed that the said school should be opened under the inspection of the Synod, where the languages, philosophy, and divinity should be taught gratis, to all that should comply with the regulation of the school, being per- sons of good character and behaviour. They appointed a master and tutor for this business, who were to be paid by such contributions as the Synod could obtain for this purpose ; and agreed, from year to year, to appoint trustees to meet twice a year to inspect the master's diligence and method of teaching, to direct what authors are chiefly to be read in the several branches of learn- ing, to examine the scholars as to their proficiency and good conduct, and ap- ply the money procured to such uses as they judge proper, and to order all affairs relating unto the school. And the trustees are yearly to be accountable to the Synod, and to make report of their proceedings, and the state of the school. And it is agreed, that after said scholars pass the course of studies prescribed them, they shall be publicly examined by the said trustees, and such ministers as the Synod shall think fit to appoint, and if approved receive tes- timonials of their approbation, and without such testimonials none of the Pres- byteries under the care of our Synod shall improve any of our scholars in the 188 MINUTES OF THE [1746. ministry. From this narrative you see how narrow our foundation is, and yet how necessary it was that we should do something of this nature to pre- vent our being overrun with ignorance and confusion. You see how we have been straitened by the endeavours of some that belonged to our body, who in their zeal have spoken diminutively of all the reformed churches, and endea- voured to pour contempt on colleges and universities. We hope, therefore, you will enable us to make a stand against those evils, and to be united with you in this grand design, is one reason of our present application. We can with pleasure inform you that our poor undertaking has been so blessed by Providence as to exceed our expectations. Several ministers and gentlemen have helped us to books to begin a library; and we hope that in time we may obtain assistance from England, Ireland, and elsewhere, to enable us to found a college, though the troubles of the times hinder our application at present. We have not obtained a charter as yet, but have reason to hope we may pro- cure one if there be occasion ; but have another way judged by our best lawyers a good foundation to secure donations, by appointing trustees and obliging them to give declarations of trust. We have also, belonging to our Synod, a considerable fund for public uses, but have no occasion hitherto, to apply any of it to the use of the school, being otherwise supplied. What hath been said may satisfy you that our school is under such regulation as does as nearly correspond with yours as our present circumstances will ad- mit ; but we shall readily make any amendments that you desire if it be in our power. We are obliged to admit boys to read grammar, but are deter- mined to recommend none but such as have made a good proficiency in the languages, and are in some measure acquainted with the usual course of study in the arts and sciences now used in the British colleges, though we freely ac- knowledge our vast disadvantages, especially in natural philosophy, and will cheerfully agree, as far as our circumstances will permit, that the same, or generally the same, authors, on the arts and sciences be taught in our school as are used by you ; and would gladly be favoured with a particular account of them. The time of stay with you which you mention, and the expenses, we think reasonable ; yet, as learning is not in the same esteem in this govern- ment as in New England, we beg all the indulgence your constitution can allow ixs, lest parents grudge expenses if they run high. We heartily agree that our scholars be examined by the President and Fellows, and be treated only according to their proficiency; that they be obliged to bring recommen- dations from our Synod, or trustees of the school, and shall claim no prece- dency in your classes, nor the privilege of freshmen, but what are consistent with the good order of your college. Nor do we plead any such privilege for any but the inhabitants of Pennsylvania, or the parts that are as far dis- tant from New Haven, and are educated under our care, and have synodical recommendations. We further assure you, that improving in the ministry such scholars as you expelled, has been as offensive to us as to you. And those which joined with the Tennents and their party in this afi"air, as we un- derstand, have withdrawn from our synodical communion, and joined with them entirely under the denomination of the Synod of New York. As to the Synod's constitution, we are unanimously agreed in the same plan in every respect on which we constituted, and continued in our most flourishing cir- cumstances ; so we are, to a man, dissatisfied with the late divisive practices, and would soon, we hope, be in a flourishing state again had we ministers to supply our vacancies. ^VG excluded from synodical communion, as we re- marked already, the four Tennents, Blair, Craighead, (who is since turned a rigid Covenanter, or Camcronian,) Treat, and Mr. Wales. These, especially the Tennents, Blair, and Treat, being the ringleaders of our divisions, and the destroyers of good learning and gospel order among us ; and they, with 1746.] SYNOD OF PIIILADELPIIIA. 189 a few others that joined with them, erected themselves into a separate body, and licensed and ordained men for the work of the ministry that were gene- rally ignorant, and warm in the divisive scheme, and they have troubled Vir- ginia, and the New English government, and as we are informed, pretend that they belong to our body. IJut we can assure you, that Mr. Gilbert Tennent, and his adherents, were disowned as members, and excluded communion, be- fore his famous tour through the churches of New England. Some of our brethren of New York Presbytery, whom we esteem and regard, particularly Messrs. Dickinson, Pierson, and Pemberton, have always as irecly, till lately, blamed those practices as any of us; but now, through some unhappy bias, are become warm advocates for them, and blaming our method of excluding them, have for two or three years past laboured to procure them seats among us, without acknowledging their faults in dividing our churches, and promis- ing amendment before we receive them again. And we believe that their par- tiality for these men might occasion them to join in encouraging some of your disorderly scholars, which we are far from vindicating. When these gentle- men could not succeed in their attempt to bring in those itinerants without acknowledging their faults, as we said, they withdrew from the Synod, de- claring that they had no other ground to do so but our excluding those mem- bers in a way they disliked ; and last September they erected themselves into a Synod, which goes under the name of the Synod of New York. And we have now before us a letter desiring correspondence with them, by receiving two or three of their members to sit with us yearly, and sending as many to them. They also propose that we should every third year meet in some con- venient place, by delegates, to order public affairs for the glory of God, and good of the church. The proposals seem fair, but till these dividers of our churches, and who chiefly make up that body, declare against the late divisive, uncharitable practices ; till they show us in what way they intend to have their youth educated for the ministry, and be as ready to discourage all such me- thods of bringing all good learning into contempt as the shepherd's tent, we shall be shy to comply with their proposals. Thus, sir, we have given you a just account both of the Synod and school at present, by which you may understand the difficulties we labour under ; and we doubt not but your sin- cere desire to promote the interest of religion and learning among us will in- cline you to do all in your power for our help and encouragement. You will be pleased to communicate this to the corporation, and if they think fit to take any notice of it, we will depend on them to favour us with an an- swer. We heartily wish the Divine blessing on your labours in the min- isti-y, and in training up youth for that sacred work, and pray that your college may flourish and become more and more a blessing, not only to New England, but the neighbouring colonies, and we beg leave to assure you that to maintain a Christian, friendly correspondence with you will be a great pleasure to, very Reverend Sir, your affectionate brethren and humble servants. Ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle inquire before our next to whom the Synod shall pay what remains of the money promised to Wilmmg- ton, and give the person to whom they judge it due, an order on the Synod for it. Ordered, That Messrs. Andrews and Cross write to all persons indebted to the fund to pay their respective sums, or renew their bonds for the same, be- fore our next. Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next, at three o'clock, after- noon. Concluded with prayer. 190 MINUTES OF THE [1747. 1747. The Synod of Philadelphia met, according to appointment, May the 27th, 1747. Ubi post preces sederunt Of Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. Adam Boyd, and Richard Zanchy. New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Robert Cathcart, Francis Alison, Alexander McDowell, Timothy Grriffith, and John Steel. Philadelphia Presbytery: Messrs. Robert Cross, David Cowell, Francis McHenry, Samuel Evans. Absent from Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. John Thomson, Samuel Black, John Elder, Samuel Thomson, John Craig, and Samuel Cavan. Absent from New Castle Presbytery : Mr. George Gillespie. Absent from Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. David Evans, Daniel Elmer, and John Guild. Since our last were ordained, by Donegall Presbytery, Mr. David Thom ; and by New Castle, Messrs. John Dick, John Hamilton, and Hector Ali- son. Elders : John Henderson, William Whiteside, John McEven, John Mc- Michael, William Finney, William Gillespie, Thomas James, John William- son, Joshua Hill, John Cross, William Ramsey, and Nathaniel Bryan. The Synod was opened by Mr. Francis Alison, with a sermon from 1 Cor. iv. 1, 2. Mr. Alexander McDowell chosen moderator, and Mr. John Dick chosen clerk. Mr. Andrews was removed by death since our last. The Governor being to embark for England the Synod concluded to present him an address. Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 2Sth day, at nine d clock, A. M. Uhi post preces sederunt qxd supra. The affair of absent members to be considered. Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Cowell, Boyd, Zanchy, Thom, Griffith, Cathcart, Alison, Steel, Dick, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod, and committee for the fund for the following year, and that the following elders, Messrs. John Cross, Thomas James, William Gillespie, be joined with them for the committee for the fund, and that any six of said com- mission, and the moderator, shall be a quorum. Ordered, That last year's commission of the Synod, and committee for the fund, lay their minutes before us in the afternoon. Ordered, That Messrs. John Steel, and Hamilton, examine Philadelphia Presbytery book. New Castle Presbytery are found remarkably guilty of neglecting to bring their Presbytery book to the Synod. Ordered, that they bring it to our next. Donegall Presbytery not having their book, ordered, that they bring it to our next. Inquiry being made who had brought money to the fund, it is found that there is none brought by any of the members but Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Alison, Gillespie, and McDowell. Ordered, That that affair be examined at our next sederunt. Ordered, That the affair relating to the school be considered at our next sederunt, and that it be inquired whether the trustees attended accordiiig to appointment. 1747.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 191 The affair of Wilmington decided. Upon considering the distance of the brethren in the back parts of Virginia, we think it is necessary that we should know the state of that church that is under our care, though at a distance from us ; and, therefore, it is ordered, that at least one of these brethren shall every year attend us, that we may have the pleasure of knowing the state of Christ's kingdom among them, and that we may keep Synodical communion in reality and not in name only, and ordered, that Messrs. 3Ic Henry and Zanchy write them a letter to acquaint them with the mind of the Synod in said affair. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. M. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Gillespie now present. The Presbytery of Philadelphia represented to the Synod the destitute condition of the people of Tredyffryn, by Mr. Samuel Evans' relinquishing the pastoral charge there, and earnestly desiring that the Synod would appoint Mr. Timothy Griffith to supply them as much as shall be thought proper. Ordered, That Mr. Griffith supply that people on Sabbath next, and one Sunday every month until our next, unless they be otherwise supplied ; and that the Presbytery of New Castle excuse him from supplying other vacancies during that time. Ordered, That the minutes of the commission be read. Ordered, That Mr. Alison use all endeavours to recover what is due to the Synod by the estate of Mr. Anderson. Upon a supplication from Mrs. Tennent to the Synod, desiring that the interest of the money due from her husband's estate should be remitted : the Synod agreed to remit eight pounds on condition the rest be paid on demand, and without further trouble or delay. Adjourned till to-morrow at ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 29 day at ten d clock, A. M. Vhi p)ost preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That Messrs. Cross and Cathcart wait on the governor with the Synod's address half an hour after twelve. The affair of the fund reassumed. Ordered, That Mr. Cross use all care to get the bond paid which is due to the Synod by Moor and Cunningham, and also what is due by Mr. Gelston, before the next meeting of the Synod. Ordered, That the committee of the fund take care of what is yet to be done before the breaking up of the Synod. Ordered, That Mr. Cross take care of the Synod's books and be treasurer. The affair of the school reassumed. Ordered, That a committee be ap- pointed to consider what may be proper for its advantage before our next sederunt, and that Messrs. Boyd, McHenry, Griffith, McDowell, and Alison, be the committee. A paper containing some scruples concerning the present method of admin- istration of the Lord's Supper, being brought in by Mr. McDowell : Ordered, That a committee be appointed to consider said paper, and to bring in an overture upon it, and that Messrs. Gillespie, Zanchy, Steel, Hamilton, Thom, Nathaniel Bryans, John Henderson, John McEven, John Whiteside, and William Gillespie, be the committee. Adjourned till two o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 192 MINUTES OF THE [1748. At two o'clock, P. M. Vhi post preces sederunt qui supra. Found that Mr. David Cowell absented without Synodical leave. The Synod's address to the governor was presented and accepted. An overture by the committee for the school was brought in and agreed to as follows : 1. That the Synod endeavour to pay the arrears now due out of the fund. 2. That every Presbytery recommend it to their respective members to be careful to raise collections among their people for the use of the school, and inquire at the meetings of the several members' conduct therein, and give an account thereof to the Synod at our next meeting, and that such as supply vacancies be industrious to obtain contributions from them, and that such con- gregations as contribute to the support of the school, shall be that year freed from contributing to the fund as usual. A letter from the Rev. Mr."^ Clap, President of Yale College, and Fellows, was laid before the Synod, and it was ordered, that Messrs. Cross, Alison, and the moderator, write an answer. The committee appointed to consider the paper brought in by Mr. McDow- ell, returned the following overture : That we, the committee which was appointed to bring in an overture on the paper of scruples, concerning the present manner of administering the Lord's Supper, laid before the Synod ; being satisfied that said scruples are of such importance as require much deliberation, do therefore humbly ofier to the Synod, that a copy of said scruples be transmitted by Mr. McDowell to each Presbytery, to be communicated to every particular session, and when considered both in sessions and Presbyteries, that each Presbytery lay their judgments before the Synod against our next. Ordered, That the commission of the Synod be the committee for the school, to meet the second Wednesdays of October and March, and that five of them and the moderator be a quorum, as the commission of the Synod, and that they then examine Mr. Israel Reid, and give him a certificate if he be approved. Ordered, The Committee of the fund meet to-morrow morning at nine o'clock, at Mr. Cross's. Adjourned till the fourth Wednesday of May next. Concluded with prayer. 1748. The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment. 3Iai/ 25th, 1748. Ubi post preces sederunt Ministers of the Presbytery of Philadelphia : Messrs. Robert Cross, Fran- cis McHenry, John Guild. Absent: Messrs. David Evans, David Cowell, and Daniel Elmer. Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. Adam Boyd, John Elder, Richard Zanchy, and David Thom. Absent : Messrs. John Thomson, Samuel Thomson, John Craig, and Samuel Caven. New Castle Presbytery: Messrs. Francis Alison, Alexander McDowell, John Steel, John Hamilton, Hector Alison, Timothy Griffith, and David Brown. Absent : Messrs. George Gillespie and Robert Cathcart. Elders : Messrs. Robert Mathies, John Manillee, Alexander Rogers, Robert Taylor, William Cunningham, James Snodgrass, John Scot, John Crosson, John Callwell, Nathaniel Williams, Thomas Jones, Gillbelcher Parker. The Synod was opened by a sermon from Psal. cxxxvii. 6, by Mr. Alex- ander McDowell. 1748.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPniA. 193 Mr. John Elder chosen moderator, and Mr. Steel clerk. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. May 26, the Synod met according to adjournment. Uhipost preces sederunt qui SKjii-a. Messrs. Gillespie's and Cathcart's absence excused. Messrs. Elder's and Guild's absence excused. Since our last 3Ir. John Dick was removed by death. Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, McHenry, Guild, Francis Alison, McDowell, Griffith, Boyd, Zanchy, and Thorn, be the commission and committee for the fund for the following year, and that the following elders, Messrs. Robert Mathies, Alexander Kogers, John Scot, be joined with them for the committee for the fund, and that any five of said commission, with the moderator, be a quorum. Ordered, Mr. Alison and the moderator examine Philadelphia Presbytery book. The Presbytery of New Castle declared that in pursuance to the Synod's order, have appointed at several times men to prepare their book for the Synod, but these members found such difficulties that they have not yet said book in proper order. The Presbytery promises to endeavour that it shall be ready against our next. Ordered, That Messrs. McHenry and Guild examine Donegall Presbytery book. Ordered, That the Presbytery books be brought to our next sederunt. Inquiry being made who had brought money for the fund, it was found that none brought but Messrs. Robert Cross, McHenry, and Francis Alison. The affair of the School referred. Ordered, That the Presbytery of Donegall write to Virginia, to let the ministers know that we expect one of their members yearly to attend our Synod, that we may know the state of their churches. Ordered, That Mr. Timothy Griffith supply Trediffrin once in the two months, unless they can be otherwise supplied ; and if New Castle Presbytery can procure supplies for the vacancies, he is appointed to supply them once a month as formerly, and that he be exempted from any other supplies. The Synod recommends to Philadelphia Presbytery to allow Trediffrin as many supplies as they can. Ordered, That Mr. Alison continue his endeavours to recover what is due to the Synod by Mr. Anderson's estate. Ordered, That Mr. Cross take care to recover the debts due to our fund by Messrs. Gelston and Cunningham. The affair of the scruples referred. Adjourned to four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At four o'clock, P. M. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, The Presbytery books brought in at our next sederunt. The affair of the school continued. The affair of the scruples continued. In pursuance to a supplication from Virginia, the Synod appoints that one minister be sent in the fall and another in the spring, to preach in the back parts of Virginia each eight Sabbaths, and that such members be exempted till all other members of the Synod do the same, and that said ministers' congre- gations be supplied during their absence, one half of the time by their respec- tive Presbytery. Ordered, That Mr. Richard Zanchy supply eight Sabbaths in the back parts 25 194 MINUTES OF THE [1749. of Virginia this fall ; and that Mr. Steel supply eight weeks in the spring, and return before next Synod. It is also recommended to the Presbytery of Donegall, to send their supplies to "\^irginia as often as they can conveniently. Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. May 27, nine o'clock, A. M, TJhi "post preces sederunt qui siipra. Mr. David Brown, a minister of the gospel from North Britain, being ad- mitted a member of the Presbytery of New Castle, took his place among us. The Presbytery of Philadelphia have not brought in their book. The Synod on serious consideration, finding that the salaries appointed for master and usher of the public school, were not sufficient encouragement, order that the master be allowed forty pounds, and the usher twenty pounds per annum, which salaries are to be raised by collections from the several congre- gations, whether enjoying the stated ordinances or vacant, and by sessing each scholar twenty shillings per annum, only allowing the committee for said school to exempt such scholars as they shall think proper; and if these two methods will not answer the above demands, the remainder is to be paid out of the yearly interest of the Synod's fund. The affair of the scruples referred. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. M. Uhi post preces sederunt qui siqjra. Ordered, That Messrs. McHenry, Cross, Thorn, Boyd, ariffith, McDowell, Cathcart, Hector Alison, Hamilton, and Steel, be a committee for the school, to meet the second Tuesday of October. In pursuance to an order of the Synod to the several Presbyteries and Ses- sions thereunto belonging, to consider some scruples concerning the manner of administering the sacrament of the Lord's Supper amongst us, offered by a member to the Synod for his own satisfaction, in order to the being prepared to give their opinion of them at the next meeting of the Synod ; accordingly the Synod having heard, and seriously considered, what was offered by the several Presbyteries, and several members finding that the scrupler was not fully satisfied by what was offered, judge it most expedient to leave said scrupler to act in that affair as he shall think most for the glory of God and the edifica- tion of his congregation. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at nine o'clock to-morrow, or Monday, about that affair, and that they make a return of what they do, at the next meeting of the Synod, viz. the fourth Wednesday of May next. Concluded with prayer. 1749. The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to appointment. 3Ia7/ the 24atedly proposed that all former differences be buried in perpetual oblivion, which you apprehend for the honour of our Master, the credit of our profession, and the edification of the church. How, consistently therewith, do you insist that the protestation of the Synod, in the year 1741, be declared void and of none effect ? and that this declaration shall be a term of union, since the Synod have assured you, and arc willing to declare, that upon the union, they shall act and carry it towards you as if this protestation had never been made, looking upon the design of the protestation answered by reasonable terms of union; and if any thing further be intended by your insisting that said protestation be declared void and of no effect, we assure you we are well satisfied that said protestation was made on sufficient and justi- fiable grounds, and we are not in the least convinced that the Synod acted wrong in said step. *' 2dly. You insist that Presbyteries shall continue as they are, and declare you see no reason to dissolve the new modeled Presbyteries. How is this con- sistent with your proposals, that all differences be perpetually buried, and that all names and distinctions be for ever abolished ; nay, how can you reconcile it in your own minds with the peace of this church, the valuable end to be aimed at by the union ? besides we acquainted you, that an uniting of Pres- byteries appeared to us so requisite to the peace of our church, that unless your delegates had given us, by their concessions, ground to believe your Synod would have consented to this, we should have looked upon any attempt for union as vain and useless. " And your own former proposals on this head, viz : that congregations as they are at present, should belong to the same Presbytery they now do, till a favourable opportunity of an advantageous alteration, gave us ground to appre- hend that you would consent, from the apparent necessity of the thing, to this advantageous alteration. " odly. You have formerly declared, that though your sentiments, of what you esteemed a work of Grod, continued the same, yet you judged mutual for- bearance your duty, since we all profess the same Confession of Faith and Directory for worship. But now you seem to insist on a joint testimony for such a glorious work of God, in the late religious appearances, as a term of union, by making it one of your proposals for peace and union, that you hope both Synods will go into such a testimony. How is this consistent with your former professed sentiments of the duty of forbearance in said case, and with your declared sentiments, that no difference in judgment in cases of plain sin and duty, and opinions relating to the great truths of religion, is a sufficient reason why the differing member should be obliged to withdraw, unless the said plain duty or truth be judged by the body essential, in doctrine or discipline ? And we think it strange you would insist on this or even mention it as a proposal for union, seeing your delegates before us conceded that both great and good men had differed from them on that head, besides your own declaration on that affair, viz : that you doubt not but that there were several follies and ex- travagancies of the people and artifices of Satan intermixed with what you call a glorious work of Grod's Spirit, plainly evince the difficulty of such a testi- 208 MINUTES OF THE [1752. mony, especially to such wlio cannot easily be persuaded to declare that these religious appearances were a saving work of God's Spirit. " Besides, in order to such a testimony, in an affair confessedly difficult, that it be consistent with reason and a good conscience, we apprehend that it is your business and duty who hope for, and insist on such testimony, that you point out what you believe to be a glorious work of Grod's Spirit in the late religious appearances, and what to be the follies and extravagancies of the people, and the artifices of Satan, that so a distinct testimony be given for the encouragement of the one, and for preventing the other, and undeceiving many among the simple and ignorant who may have mistaken the one for the other, and yet continue in the mistake. " 4thly. We have condescended for the sake of peace, that all the minis- ters belonging to your Synod, and all their congregations, should belong to this body ; but when intrusions have been made by disorderly ministers into our congregations, so as to render them incapable to perform their solemn en- gagements to their pastors, we think these things that are so unjust ought to be rectified, yet, if consistent with the rights of gospel ministers, you can find a salve for this difficulty, we will gladly approve of it. " 5thly. As for our sentiments in other affairs, relating to the proposed union, we refer you to our late proposals, which we apprehend just and rea- sonable, and as yet see no just reasons to recede from, or make any material abatements of them ; and particularly in regard to proposals for deciding affairs by majority of vote, we apprehend it strictly Presbyterian and reasonable, and are not convinced that the alteration in that article proposed by you about what is essential and what not, is necessary ; nay, we apprehend that such an altera- tion as stated by you, has a bad aspect, and opens a door for an unjustifiable latitude both in principles and practice, " 6thly. We are much satisfied to hear you propose that young men should bring college certificates, seeing that you have now, by the goodness of Divine Providence, a college erected. We are and ever were as much for this, and more than some of these brethren who once belonged to this Synod ; and we would put you in mind that there were colleges erected in reach of your youth before you had one in New Jersey. But no regard was to be paid to our re- peated desires and public votes that our young men should have education, and certificates from them, when it was proposed by our Synod; and we think that our Synod may find, among their number, men as well qualified to examine and judge of men's abilities as either the tutors, trustees, or rectors of your college, so that we think the approbation of our Synod, or committee, a good alternative, and yet will give it up if you oblige all your candidates to bring college certificates, unless in extraordinary cases, and these shall be settled to prevent such disorders as we have seen and felt in time past. "At present we are well pleased with any degree of a disposition towards peace and union professed by you, and are resolved to cultivate and improve, in ourselves, and others in any measure under our influence, the same peace- able disposition, and to concur heartily with you in any plan of accommodation reasonable and consistent with our profession as Presbyterians, and for the good of the Church and honour of our Lord and Master." At three o^ clock, P. M. TIM post preces sederunt qui supra. The Synod met according to adjournment. The affair of the school came under consideration, and it is appointed that it be under the care of Mr. Alexander McDowell for the ensuing year, and that he employ an assistant, and that it be examined by the Presbytery of New 1753.] SYNOD OF PHILADBLPIIIA. 209 Castle the second Wednesday of April, and that be be allowed for his encour- agement twenty pounds per annum. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 3Iay dOth, at nine o'cI^ive all the injuries we have received, or ima- gine that we have received in times past. And we have the testimony of our consciences, that we study the things that make for peace, (as your Synod have recommended,) and we hope the Synod of New York, and that the world will testify the same for us. We desire to unite on the same terms, on which the members of both Sy- nods were united when onfe body. And we are glad to join with the Synod of New York in an expedient to cut off all debates about the protestation made in 1741. We allow the protesters the right of private judgment, and you will allow that we ''neither can disannul nor withdraw their protestation;" but in a Synodkal capacity, at your desire, we declare and do assure you, that we neither adopted nor do adopt said protestation as a term of ministerial communion ; it was never mentioned to any of our members as a term of com- munion more than any of the other protestations delivered into our Synod on occasion of those differences. We only adopt and desire to adhere to our standards, as we agreed when formerly united in one body, we adopt no other. We refer these proposals to the serious consideration of the Synod of New York ; we are in earnest for peace and union, and we hope they are so too. As it may be necessary that a committee of both Synods meet to adjust mat- ters previous to an union, we appoint the commission of our Synod, on timely notice given, to meet with such members as they may appoint for this purpose, at Philadelphia or any other convenient place. A supplication from the congregations of Cook's Creek and Pecked Moun- tain, requesting us to receive Mr. Alexander Millar as a full member, and to appoint his instalment as their regular pastor, was brought in and read. The Synod, after considering their request, find it necessary to wait till they receive an answer from the Synod in Ireland, if they think fit to send one this season ; but resolve, that as he has offered satisfaction to that Synod, by our mediation, and has behaved so as to be well respected as a minister among us, if either the Synod of Ireland send us no answer, or inform us that they have accepted his submission, we do order Messrs. Black and Craig to receive him as a member, and iustal him, provided they find his conduct in that part of Christ's vineyard such as becomes a gospel minister. And it is ordered, that letters be written by Mr. Boyd to those brethren to this purpose, by Mr. John Alison, or some other proper hand, in the fall when the ships are arrived from Ireland. Ordered, That a copy of this minute be given to the commissioner of the above mentioned congregations. The affair of the school referred. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o^cloch, P. M. JJhi post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of the school came under consideration, and allowed that Mr. Smith be paid out of the Synod's fund for the year past, if the trustees of the German schools be unwilling to pay Lim, and that for his encouragement for the ensuing year, he be allowed ten or twelve pounds, provided the trustees of the German schools refuse to continue their encouragement, as we expect. Appointed, That the committee for the fund meet at ten o'clock to-morrow morning. Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next. Concluded with prayer. 224 MINUTES OF THE [1757. 1757. Philadelphia, May the 2bfh, 1757. The Synod met at Philadelphia, according to adjournment. TJhi post preces sederunt. Of Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. Thomson, Tate, Steel, and McMordie. Of Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Cross, Alison, and Kinkead. Of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Boyd, McDowell, Smith, McKennan, Millar, and Wilson. Elders : Andrew Thomson, Patrick Campbell, Robert McPherson, John Cross, Daniel Henderson, James Pagan, Robert McKnight, John Mustard, Matthew Wallace. Absent of Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. Elder, Zanchy, Black, Craig. " of Philadelphia : Messrs. Cowell and G-uild. " of New Castle : Messrs. Alison and Grillespie. The last year's moderator being absent, the Synod was opened by Mr. Smith, with a sermon on Phil. iii. 8. Mr. Boyd was chosen moderator, and Mr. Smith clerk. The Presbytery of Philadelphia inform us, that the Rev. Mr. McHenry is dead since our last meeting. The Presbytery of New Castle inform us, that the Rev. Mr. John Millar has been admitted a member by them since our last. The reasons of Messrs. Thomson and McMordie for their absence were sustained. Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Francis Alison, Steel, Cowell, McDowell, Tate, McKennan, Smith, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod, and committee for the fund the ensuing year, and that any three, with the moderator, be a quorum. The affair of the fund deferred. Ordered, That the Presbyteries be more punctual in bringing their books for the future. Inquiry being made who brought any thing for the fund, it was found that Messrs. Tate, Boyd, Smith, Cross, McKennan, Wilson, brought some. The affair of the school deferred. The affair of the Synod's and widows' fund de- ferred. The consideration of the supplications from Virginia and North Caro- lina deferred. According to the Synod's appointment, Messrs. Cross and Alison have ap- plied to the Honourable Proprietors at home, for a charter in behalf of the widows' fund, by a petition, which is as follows : To the Honourable Thomas Penn, and Richard Penn, true and absolute proprietors of the province of Pennsylvania, and the counties of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex, upon Delaware. The petition of the Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, humbly sheweth : That your petitioners have, many of them, lived long in this province with great satisfaction, and have, all, endeavoured to promote religion, virtue, and industry, amongst the people under our care, and to impress deep on their minds a lasting sense of their blessings under the best of kings, and in a pro- vince distinguished for civil and religious liberty. As our lot is cast among people who are generally in low circumstances, and many of them forming new settlements in the frontier counties, and, as we have no other support but a small and very uncertain income from the good will of our people, joined with our own labour, we have always found it difficult to make any tolerable provision for our families ; and have often, with sorrow and regret, seen the widows and children of great and good men, who were once of our number, very much pinched and distressed by want and poverty, without being able to afford them suitable relief. 1757.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 225 To remedy these evils, as far as we can in our circumstances, your honours* petitioners, in imitation of the laudable example of the Church of Scotland, have agreed to raise a small fund for the benefit of ministers' widows and helpless children, belonging to this Synod, by obliging ourselves to contribute a small sum out of our yearly incomes for this purpose. But there are bad economists in every society, and having begun our fund about a year ago, we find that those men among us are most backward to pay their quotas, whose families will stand in most need of relief when they are dead; and, as our agreement is voluntary, without the aid of a law to oblige us to perform our engagements, and, as we thought it our duty to lay our proceedings before your honours, we must humbly intreat you to take our circumstances under your consideration. You will merit the blessings of the widow and fatherless, and lay us under the strongest obligations of gratitude and aflFcction, if you be pleased to make us a corporation by your charter, and enable us to sue and be sued, and to raise and hold a capital stock not exceeding one thousand pounds for twenty ministers, and so in proportion for a greater or smaller number, the interest of which shall be employed yearly, only to relieve the widows and children of the Presbyterian ministers belonging to the Synod of Philadelphia, or to assist ministers of our Synod in frontier settlements, or such as by age or infirmities are not able to get a subsistence. As the parliament of England granted the like favour to the ministers of the Church of Scotland, 1743 ; as this will, in all probability, confine our synodi- cal meetings to this city and province, which some are industriously endea- vouring to remove to New Jersey j as some of our number, as well as their people, who are in great distresses by the barbarity of restless and savage In- dians, will account it their great comfort and advantage to have such a provi- sion made for their families, and, as we design to be burdensome to no body, but to raise this fund out of our own narrow incomes, and as we can with great truth assure your honours, that none are more loyal and dutiful subjects to his majesty, nor more fii-mly attached to the proprietary family and inter- ests; from all these considerations we greatly hope and depend that your honours will favour us with your countenance and protection, and will be so good as to give proper instructions to our governor to grant us a charter for the purposes already mentioned, and your petitioners as in duty bound shall pray- Signed by order of the Synod of Philadelphia. Ordered, That the money abeady paid continue in the hands of our treasurer and clerk as formerly, until some answer to this, our petition, be received. The commissions of the Synods of Philadelphia and New York, met at the place appointed, and reported to their Synods the result of the conference; pursuant hereunto the Synod of New York sent us a copy of a minute, request- ing that commissions of both Synods meet on the Monday next preceding the meeting of both Synods, according to our agreement, to prepare matters for both Synods and their happy union. Ordered, That the commission of our Synod meet with the commission of the Synod of New York for this purpose, on the Monday immediately before the meeting of our Synod. A supplication from Cook's Creek and Pecked Mountain, requesting that we should receive Mr, Alexander Millar as a member, and that his instalment be appointed as their pastor in the Lord. The Synod unanimously agree to receive him as a member, and order, that Mr. Craig install him accordingly, at some convenient time before the first of next August. Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 29 s d £ s d Mr. Smith, 1 2 Mr. Wilson. 15 226 MINUTES OF THE [1757. 3/ay 26th, nine o'clock, A. 31. The Synod met according to adjournment. TJhi post preces sederunt qui supra. Upon reading the absents from Donegall, it was observed that Messrs. Black and Craig have neglected attending on the Synod for some considerable time. Ordered, that Mr. McDowell write to these brethren, and signify that the Synod expects either that they will attend or write, and that in case of failure, the Synod will be obliged to disown them as members. Ordered like- wise, that he write to Mr. Craig, and inform him that Mr. Alexander Millar is received as a member, and that he install him some convenient time before the first of August next ; and also, that he give him to understand that it is the judgment of the Synod, that he ought to be content with the bounds fixed by the committee appointed for that purpose. The affair of the fund deferred. The several members who brought any thing for the fund, paid the trea- surer as follows : £ Mr. McKennan, 1 Mr. Tate, 1 Mr. Boyd, 18 9 The affair of the Synod's and widows' fund deferred. The consideration of the supplications from Virginia and Carolina resumed. Ordered, That Mr. Millar, supply the following settlements in order, in the fall, each one Sabbath day, viz : Gather's settlement, Osborn's, Morison's, Jorsey's on Atkin, Buffler's, Hawfield's, and Baker's settlements. And that Mr. Craig supply the same settlements, each one Sabbath day in the spring, together with Brown's, North and South Mountain, and Calf-Pasture settle- ments in Virginia, each, at least, one Sabbath day before our next Synod, and that they preach to lesser congregations on week days as often as they can. Ordered, That a copy of this minute be sent to these people and to Mr. Craig, by Mr. Millar, and also by Mr. Tate. The Synod being informed, that the honourable trustees of the fund for the German emigrants, &c. in Pennsylvania, have generously received our peti- tion, requesting their favour and assistance to encourage learning, and to maintain a school or schools under the care of this Synod, and have trans- mitted it to the honourable trustees, for the same purpose, in London, and have recommended the Synod, and their pious and good designs, so effectu- ally to their regard, that they have been pleased to grant our request, or- dered, that Messrs. Cross and Alison wait on the honourable trustees at their next meeting, and, in the name of the Synod, gratefully acknowledge their favours ; and that they do whatever else may be necessary in said affair. And that, if Mr. Provost Smith come here, Mr. Cross thank him in the name of the Synod, for the particular regard he has shown, and care he has taken. The supplication from the Great Valley was taken under consideration. Ordered, that Mr. Alison supply the Great Valley in the month of September, and administer the sacrament; that Mr. Steel supply two Sabbaths before our next; Mr. McKennan the third of July, and Mr. Guild the second of August and the second Sabbath of November, and Mr. Cowell the first of March. Ordered, that the Sabbath immediately before the Synod, Mr. Tate supply the Great Valley, and Mr. Smith, Norrington. Adjourned to four o'clock^ P. M. Concluded with prayer. 1757.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 227 At foxir dcloch^ P. M. The S^nod met accordinff to adjournment. Vbipost preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Mr. William Smith, Provost of the College of Philadelphia, waited on the Synod ; when Mr. Cross, according to order, returned the thanks of the Synod to him for his particular care and pains taken, in transmitting our petition to the honourable trustees of the fund for the German emigrants in London ; which Messrs. Cross and Alison had presented to the honourable trustees in this province, to be, for the approbation of the honourable trustees there, by them transmitted thither, and which is as follows : To the trustees general of the society schools for the instruction of poor Germans, &c. in Pennsylvania, and the adjacent British colonies, the petition of the Synod of Philadelphia humbly showeth, That we, your petitioners, opened a public school about twelve years ago, when learning was under great discouragements, and opportunities of educa- tion scarce in this and the neighbouring provinces, and gave instructions gratis for some years, to all ranks and denominations that pleased to accept of the same. That we have still continued to instruct cheap, and the poor for nothing, and have had the pleasure to see a number educated under our care, who have been of public service. As there is a fair prospect of making this province the seat of learning in this part of the world, we think it would contribute much to the growth of the College in this city, to support and encourage schools in the country, to provide them with able masters, and to keep them under proper directions. And as you are engaged in an useful undertaking of this nature, your peti- tioners have made bold to plead for your countenance, and some assistance to enable us to continue our school. "We have the juster reasons to hope for this favour, because our school has been as free to the Germans as any other nation, and two of the present reformed German ministers, born in this coun- try, were educated there ; and because your petitioners understand that our mother church of Scotland have greatly promoted the charity under your management. That we may share your bounty in a way agreeable to your generous plan, we propose to remove our school to Chesnut Level, where some poor Dutch scattered in that neighbourhood, may have their children taught gratis to read and write English, if favoured with your assistance, and we will also teach a certain number of Germans the Latin and Greek languages, in order to pre- pare them for the ministry, if they apply for this advantage. And as the German inhabitants about the river Susquehannah and the lower parts of Con- estoga are wealthy, and may have lodgings cheap in a country place, we doubt not but they will be encouraged to send their sons to our, as well as any public school. As our request seems agreeable to the pious design of the donors, who support your good and useful institution ; and as it may be greatly serviceable to the interests of religion, virtue, and learning, in this province, your peti- tioners entertain great expectations from your generosity and goodness. And, indeed, our circumstances are so low, that we are no longer able to bear the necessary expenses, but must dismiss our school, unless we can procure some assistance. Your petitioners have ordered Messrs. Cross and Alison to wait on you with this petition and receive your instructions. If you find it is agreeable to your public design, we earnestly request, that you would be pleased at pre- 228 MINUTES OF THE [1757. sent, to grant us some assistance, and that you recommend us to the society in England for the time to come. And your petitioners as in duty bound shall pray. Signed, by order of the Synod, by William Donaldson, Synod clerk. June 2d, 1755. The Provost presented to the Synod the resolves of the trustees upon the Synod's address, which are as follows : June 14:th, 1755. Met at Mr. Allen's house near Germantown, the following trustees, viz : Messrs. Allen, Peters, Franklin, and Smith. And, taking into their consideration, the aforesaid petition of the Synod of Philadelphia, were under some difficulty how to act concerning it. On the one hand they thought, that to grant the petition in favour of an English Sy- nod, might give oflPence to the Germans, who generally considered this charity as intended solely for their own particular benefit. The trustees were also of opinion that it did not fall directly under the great design for promoting the English tongue among the Germans. But they considered on the other hand, the pleas urged by the petitioners. They knew it to be a truth, that the Sy- nod of Philadelphia, at a time when ignorance, even among the ministry, was like to overrun the whole province, had begun, and with much difficulty, long supported a public school under the Kev. Mr. Francis Alison j and that many able ministers, and some of them Dutch, had been educated in the said school. The trustees were also of opinion, that it was no small argument in favour of the petitioners, that the mother church of Scotland had contributed so largely to this useful charity, and that, if any future application to said church should be necessary, the interest and recommendation of the Synod of Philadelphia might be useful in that respect, as well as in countenancing the several schools in their present infant state, and educating, according to their proposal, some young men for the Dutch ministry, gratis. In consideration of all which, it was resolved to grant twenty-five pounds currency for one year to assist the said Synod to support their said public school on the following terms, viz : 1. That it shall be under the same common government with the other free schools, and be subject to the visitations of the trustees general or their depu- ties, appointed upon the recommendation of the Synod. 2. That the master shall teach four Dutch or English gratis, upon the re- commendation of the trustees general, to be prepared for the ministry, and ten poor Dutch children in the English tongue gratis, if so many ofi'er. 3. That the deputy trustees, together with the master, and any of the clergy, visit the school, at least once a quarter, and send down a statement thereof to be transmitted by the general trustees to the honourable society. Agreed that this case be transmitted to the honourable society, to obtain their directions thereupon. Ordered, That the terms of the trustees be complied with ; and that Messrs. Boyd and McDowell, Moses Irwin, James Marshal, Martin Beam, and Jacob Graft, be recommended as deputy trustees for the ensuing year, and visit the school every quarter, the third Tuesday, commencing with the third Tuesday of August next, if the trustees general approve. Ordered, That Messrs. Millar and Smith draw up some reasons for a general fast within our bounds, against our next. 'Tis agreed that the school be continued under Mr. Smith's care for another year, with the usual encouragement from the German ^hools. The affair of the fund deferred. The consideration of the fast deferred. Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1758.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 229 May 27th. Nine o'clock, A. M. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra- The Synod met according to adjournment. The members appointed to draw up reasons for a general fast within our bounds, brought them in, and they were read and amended as follows : The Synod taking under serious consideration the melancholy state of the British dominions, and their allies, the danger of the Protestant interest in general, and particularly of the English colonies of America, arising from the formidable combination of antichristian powers in Europe, and the shocking depredations and barbarities of the heathen on our borders, influenced and abetted by the perfidious, restless enemies of our civil and religious liberties; as also the abounding profanity and wickedness of all ranks and degrees of men ; the awful contempt cast upon the glorious gospel of Christ, not only by the professed infidelity of its open adversaries, but likewise by the unbelief, hypocrisy, uncharitableness, and loose practices of its professed friends; and being deeply sensible of, and affected with, the ungrateful abuse and misim- provement of the many privileges we 'have long enjoyed; our peace, plenty, and liberty having been turned into wantonness, pride, and licentiousness; and being firmly persuaded that for these things God is testifying his displea- sure against us, both at home and abroad, by a calamitous war, in which we are involved, while an amazing insensibility generally prevails under the pre- sent gloomy appearances of Divine Providence, and a want of public spirit, and zeal for the common good ; do, for these and the like reasons, recommend the twenty-third day of June next, to be observed by the people belonging to the Synod, as a day of public humiliation, fasting, and prayer, throughout their bounds, to bewail our aggravated and crying sins, to deprecate the de- served wrath of heaven, and to implore the divine mercy and forgiveness; that the Spirit of grace may be poured out upon us ; that, as a people, we may turn unto the Lord by a sincere repentance; that God would preserve and bless our gracious king, direct his counsels, go forth with his fleets and armies, and also those of his allies, and crown them with success; that he would guard and defend our sea coasts and frontiers against all the designs of our enemies ; that he would preserve to us our invaluable liberties, both civil and religious; that he would yet bless us with fruitful seasons, mercifully heal all our divisions, and cause our present confusions happily to terminate in the glorious advancement of the peaceful kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ. Accordingly it is ordered, that all our ministers represent these things to the people under our care, and excite them to these solemn exercises, and, for that end, suit their sermons and prayers, on that day, to the important occasion. Signed, by order of the Synod, by Adam Boyd, Moderator. Ordered, That the commission for the fund meet immediately at Mr. Cross's. Adjourned to the fourth Wednesday of May next. Concluded with prayer. 1758. The Synod met according to adjournment, At Philadelphia, May l^th, 1758. J] hi post preces sederunt Of Philadelphia Presbytery : Messrs. Cross, Dr. Alison, Cowell, Guild, Kinkead. Of Donegall Presbytery : Messrs. Tate, SteeL 230 MINUTES OF THE [1758. Of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Boyd, McDowell, Hector Alison, Smith, Millar, McKennan. Elders: John Johnston, James Piper, James Kerr, Moses Irvin, James Edwards. Absent of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Gillespie and Wilson. " of Donegall : Messrs. Zanchy, Elder, Thomson, McMordie, Bla«k, Craig, Alexander Miller. Dr. Alison opened the Synod with a sermon on Eph. iv. 1 — 8. Mr. Smith chosen moderator, Mr. Millar clerk. Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Dr. Alison, Cowell, Steel, Tate, Boyd, McDowell, Hector Alison, McKennan, and the moderator, be the commission of the Synod, and committee for the fund for the ensuing year, and that three, with the moderator, be a quorum. Inquiry being made who had^ brought any thing for the fund, it was found that Messrs. Cross, Boyd, Smith, Hector Alison, Miller, McKennan, Gruild, Tate, had brought. Ordered, That the committee for the fund meet at Mr. Cross's house to- morrow morning at eight o'clock. Adjourned to three o'clock in the afternoon to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. May 25th, at three o'clock. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. The Synod met according to adjournment. The commission of this Synod report, that they met with the commission of the Synod of New York on Monday last, according to the appointment of last Synod; and, that after mutual conference on the affair of uniting the two Synods, a plan of union was formed by the two commissions, which they agreed should be proposed to each Synod. The plan was read, and considered for some time, and the further considera- tion of it deferred till to-morrow. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning, and concluded with prayer. May 26, at nine o'clock, A. M. U bi post preces sederunt qui supra. The Synod met according to adjournment. The plan of union was further considered. A letter was ordered to be wrote to the Rev. Dr. William Leechman, Profes- sor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow, which was done, and is as fol- lows: Philadelphia, May 29th, 1758. Very Reverend Sir, — ^Though we have not the honour of personal acquaint- ance with you, yet your distinguished character and praises in the churches of Christ, and eminent station in the University of Glasgow, are well known to us, and to the churches in these American colonies, and we would much esteem a correspondence with you, if your more important affairs might allow it. We presume to give you this trouble now, requesting you to accept for yourself, and to present to the learned Professors of the University our grateful acknowledg- ments for the late mark of your regard to the Rev. Mr. Francis Alison, a mem- ber of this Synod, in conferring a degree of Doctor of Divinity upon him. He is a gentleman of good character, a public spirit, and well esteemed as a preacher. He has been very industrious and successful in promoting learning in this part of the world, both before and since he was called to a public station in the col- lege and academy in this city ; and we hope he will ever behave so as to deserve your regard. Such honours conferred on men of confessed worth here, may 1758.] SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. 231 mucli encourage learning and public usefulness, and may be of service to our church, as we have another denomination among us, whose ministers are fre- quently honoured with such titles. We shall ever think it an honour to our Synod to enjoy the favour of that university, and particularly of Dr. Leechman. We are, Reverend Sir, your very obliged humble servants. Signed by order of the Synod of Philadelphia, by Sampson Smith, Moderator. Upon reading the answer given by the trustees of the German schools in this province, IMr. Cross informed that the honourable trustees general, in England, had complied with the Synod's petition, as appears by an extract of a letter from them to the Rev. William Smith, one of the trustees here, which was laid before the Synod, and was as follows : Extract of Dr. Chandler's letter to the Rev. Mr. Smith, received by Mr. Smith, September 14th, 1757. " Nov. 27th, last, upon the petition of the Synod of Pennsylvania, and the recommendation of our trustees, we have agreed to allow thirty pounds sterling per annum, toward the support of the school mentioned to be erected by them, from midsummer before that date. And I have purchased and packed up, among other books, a large number of English Primers and Spelling Books for their use, and that of the G-erman children, which I hope will soon be sent over to you ; as soon, at least, as I can get a safe conveyance." Ordered, That Messrs. Cross, Dr. Alison, McDowell, and the moderator, be a committee to settle with Provost Smith, the accounts of the annual donation of the honourable tnistees to the Synod. Agreed that the school be continued under Mr. Smith's care for another year, with the usual encouragement from the fund for the German schools. Adjourned to three o'clock, and concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. 31. The Synod met, et post preces sederunt qui supra. Agreed by the Synod, at Mr. Cross's request, that the box belonging to the Synod's fund, and all pertaining thereto, be put into Dr. Alison's hand in trust. The consideration of the plan of union was resumed, and some alterations proposed. And the Synod being informed that a committee had been appointed by the two commissioners to prepare the first draught of this plan, to wit, Messrs. Hector Alison, Miller, Smith, and McDowell, of our members, with Messrs. Bostwick, Davis, Samuel Finley, and Blair, of the other commission : Ordered, That Mr. McDowell go and inform the Synod of New York, now sit- tinof, that this Synod has considered the plan for union, and desires, when they have likewise done so, the same committee may meet, and communicate to each other the corrections proposed in each Synod. Mr. jNIcDowell presently returned, and reports that the Synod of New York agreed to the motion. Ordered, That the committee meet accordingly to-morrow. Adjourned till nine o'clock on Monday morning, and concluded with prayer. Mai/ 20th, at nine o'clock on Monday morning the /Synod met, et post preces sederunt qui supra. Our members of the committee appointed to meet with those of New York Synod, report that they met on Saturday last, and communicated the amend- ments proposed by each Synod in the plan of union, and conferred upon them. 232 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF PHILADELPHIA. [1758. Ordered, That these members lay the amendments proposed by the Synod of New York before this Synod, which they did. The Synod considered them, and agreed they should be allowed. Ordered, That the same members of the above mentioned committee inform the Synod of New York of this agreement. The members went and informed them accordingly, and soon returned, and acquainted this Synod that the Synod of New York had also agreed to admit the amendments proposed in this Synod, and therefore thought the affair was now ripe for the two Synods to meet together and complete the agreement. The plan as now prepared was finally put to the vote, and was unanimously approved as a satisfactory plan for uniting upon. Agreed that this Synod meet with the Synod of New York at three o'clock, P. M. and that this be notified to them. Adjourned till three o'clock*, P. M., and concluded with prayer. iV". B. At three o^ clock, P. M. the two Synods met. The plan of union was now read before them, and unanimously agreed to. The Synods being now united, a new book was opened, and the whole plan and articles of union entered, as may be seen in that book, where the minutes of the new united Synod are recorded. The party which withdrew from the Synod of Philadelphia, the reasons and manner of whose secession are stated in the foregoing records, subsequently formed themselves into a Synod, under the style of the Synod of New York, embracing the Presbyteries of New York, New Brunswick and New Castle. Their first meeting was held in the year 1745, and their last in 1758, at which time a re-union of the two parties was effected as above recited. The minutes of this body form the next link in the documentary history of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. PART THIRD. MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF NEW YOUK, FROM A. D. 1745 TO 1758. 1745. Elizahethtoicn, New Jersey, September \%ih, 1745. The ministers and elders whose names are presently to be inserted, convened and formed themselves into a Synod, under the name or title of the Synod of New York. Ministers of the Presbytery of New York : Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Simon Horton, Aaron Burr, Azariah Horton, Timothy Jones, Eliab Byram, Robert Sturgeon. Ministers of New Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Joseph Lamb, William Tennent, Ptichard Treat, James McCrea, William Robinson, David Youngs, Charles Beatty, Charles McKnight. Ministers of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Samuel Blair, Samuel Finly, Charles Tennent, John Blair. Elders : Joseph Woodruffe, Nathaniel Hazard, Joseph Prudden, Benjamin Leonard, John Ayres, Samuel Hazard, Robert Cummins, John Craig, Richard Walker, Peter Peryen, John Love, Alexander Moody. The ministers and elders before mentioned, fii'st considered and agreed upon the following articles, as the plan and foundation of their synodical union. 1. They agree that the Westminster Confession of Faith, with the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, be the public confession of their faith in such manner as was agreed unto by the Synod of Philadelphia, in the year 1729 ; and to be inserted in the latter end of this book. And they declare their approbation of the Directory of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, as the general plan of worship and discipline. 2. They agree that in matters of discipline, and those things that relate to the peace and good order of our churches, they shall be determined according to the major vote of ministers and elders, with which vote every member shall actively concur or pacifically acquiesce : but if any member cannot in conscience agree to the determination of the majority, but supposes himself obliged to act contrary thereunto, and the Synod think themselves obliged to insist upon it as essentially necessary to the well-being of our churches, in that case such dissenting member promises peaceably to withdraw from the body, without endeavouiing to raise any dispute or contention upon the debated point, or any unjust alienation of afiection from them. 3. If any member of their body supposes that he hath any thing to object against any of his brethren with respect to error in doctrine, immorality in life, or negligence in his ministry, he shall not on any account, propagate the scan- dal, until the person objected against is dealt with according to the rules of the gospel, and the known methods of their discipline. ^30 (233) 234 MINUTES OF THE [1745. 4. They agi-ee, that all who have a competent degree of ministerial knowledge, are orthodox in their doctrine, regular in their lives, and diligent in their en- deavours to promote the important designs of vital godliness, and that will sub- mit to their discipline, shall be cheerfully admitted into their communion. And they do also agree, that in order to avoid all divisive methods among their ministers and congregations, and to strengthen the discipline of Christ in the churches in these parts, they will maintain a correspondence with the Synod of Philadelphia in this their first meeting, by appointing two of their members to meet with the said Synod of Philadelphia at their next convention, and to concert with them such measures as may best promote the precious interests of Christ's kingdom in these parts. And that they may in no respect encourage any factious separating practices or principles ; they agree that they will not intermeddle with judicially hearing the complaints, or with supplying with ministers and candidates such parties of men, as shall separate from any Presbyterian or Congregational churches, that are not within their bounds, unless the matters of controversy be submitted to their jurisdiction or advice by both parties. Thereupon, The Synod opened by prayer. Mr. Jonathan Dickinson chosen moderator, Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton chosen clerk. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 20th day, at nine of the clock, ante meridiem. Post jpreces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That the moderator and Mr. Pierson do correspond with the Synod of Philadelphia at their next session. Ordered, That Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Blair, and Ebenezer Pember- ton, do draw up a testimony to the work of God's glorious grace, which has been carried on in these parts of the land, and bring it in for the approbation of the Synod at their next sederunt. The circumstances of Virginia being brought under consideration, and the wide door that is opened for the preaching of the gospel in these parts, with a hopeful prospect of success, the Synod are unanimously of the opinion, that Mr. Eobinson is the most suitable person to be sent among them, and accordingly they do earnestly recommend it to him to go down and help them as soon as his circumstances will permit him, and reside there for some months. An interloquitur of the ministers of the Synod appointed to meet at half an hour past two, pos^ meridiem. The Synod adjourned till four of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Fottr of the chcJc, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The interloquitur met according to appointment. Messrs. Tennent, Pemberton, and Blair, brought in a testimony to the work of God's grace among us, according to appointment, which was unanimously approved. But the original being lost it cannot be inserted here. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 21s; day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. Pierson, Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, Burr, Samuel Blair, Fmly, Pemberton, and the moderator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for the ensuing year. The Synod adjourned to the second Wednesday of October, 1746, and then to meet at New York. Concluded with prayer. 1746-7.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 235 1746. The Synod convened according to appointment, Netc York, October ^th, 1746. UM post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, Samuel Blair, Samuel Finly, Aaron Burr, Azariah Horton, Charles Beatty, Charles McKnight, John Roan, Ebe- nezer Pemberton. Elders : Messrs. Richard Walker, William Eagles. Ministers absent : Messrs. Joseph Lamb, Gilbert Tennent, William Tennent, Richard Treat, James IMcCrea, David Youngs, Charles Tennent, John Blair, David Bostwick, Thomas Arthur, John Grant, Andrew Hunter, John Pierson, Eliab Byram, Simon Horton, Timothy Jones, David Brainerd, Robert Sturgeon, Eleazcr Wales, and William Dean. The Synod was opened by a sermon from Psal. xxiv. 4, preached by Mr. Dickinson, the last year's moderator. Mr. Pemberton chosen moderator, Mr. Finly clerk. The Synod is informed that most of the absent members were upon their journey to New Y'ork to attend the Synod, but were prevented through appre- hensions of the small pox and other difficulties. Our Reverend brother, Mr. William Robinson, is departed this life since our last meeting. The small pox prevailing in Philadelphia in May last, prevented Messrs. Dickinson and Pierson from corresponding with the Synod of Philadelphia at their last meting, but they wrote to them and received an answer. The same members appointed to be a commission of the Synod this year, who were the last. A supplication and call for a minister from Hanover in Virginia, was brought into the Synod and read ; the Synod doth earnestly recommend the assisting of said people, to the Presbyteries of New Brunswick and New Castle. The Synod considering the present fewness of ruling elders attending the Synod, doth recommend it to all their members to endeavour to bring elders with them. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of May next, and then to meet at Maid- enhead. Concluded with prayer. 1747. The Synod met according to appointment. Maidenhead, May l^th, 1747. U bi post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, John Pierson, Ebenezer, Pemberton, Simon Horton, Azariah Horton, David Bostwick, John Grant, Timothy Jones, Eliab Byram, Thomas Arthur, Jacob Green, Nathaniel Tucker, Joseph Lamb, Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, James McCrea, James Campbel, James Daven- port, Charles McKnight, Charles Beatty, Andrew Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, Samuel Sacket, Samuel Blair, John Blair, William Dean, John Roan, and Samuel Finley. Elders : Messrs. Joseph Prudden, Ebenezer Byram, John Lyle, John Ayres, Thomas Bourn, David Parry, Ephraim Lockert, Robert Smith, Robert English, John Grey, Francis Brewster, Daniel Mills, John Smith, Samuel Sturgeon, and Hugh Kirkpatrick. Ministers absent: Aaron Burr, David Youngs, Timothy Syms, Robert 236 MINUTES OF THE [1748. Sturgeon, David Brainerd, William Tennent, Eleazer Wales, Ctarles Tennent, Hutchinson, and Davis. Mr. Pemberton, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon on Acts iv. 29. Mr. Gilbert Tennent chosen moderator, Mr. Treat clerk. Messrs. Dickinson, Pemberton, Pierson, Burr, Lamb, William Tennent, Samuel Blair, Finly, Charles Tennent, and the moderator, are appointed to be the commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. A letter was brought into the Synod from the new settlements in Virginia, requesting a minister might be sent to preach the gospel, &c. unto them. The Synod appoints Mr. Byram to go to said people some time in next Sep- tember, and spend some time with them, and appoints the Presbytery of New York to supply his people with preaching during his absence. And the Synod doth, moreover, appoint Mesgrs. Dickinson and Pemberton to write to Mr. Bewel, in order to procure him to accompany Mr. Byram in said journey. Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at Maidenhead at two of the clock, P. M, Concluded with prayer. 1748. ^ The Synod met according to appointment, Maidenheadj May the 18^A, 1748. JJhi post jpreces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Azariah Horton, Jacob Green, Timothy Syms, Joseph Lamb, James McCrea, John Brainerd, Charles McKnight, James Davenport, Eliab Byram, Gilbert Tennent, Andrew Hunter, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, James Campbel, Daniel Lawrence, John Blair, John Roan. Elders : Messrs. Ephraim Price, Brice Rickey, John Craig, Samuel Hazard, Isaac Mills, Cornelius Wynkoop, John Grey, Robert Smith, David Wilson. Ministers absent : Messrs. Robert Sturgeon, John Pierson, Ebenezer Pem- berton, Simon Horton, Aaron Burr, David Bostwick, John Grant, Thomas Arthur, David Youngs, Timothy Jones, Samuel Sacket, William Tennent, Eleazer Wales, Job Prudden, Thomas Lewis, Samuel Blair, Samuel Finly, William Dean, Samuel Davis, Andrew Sterling, Andrew Bay and Charles Tennent. Mr. Lamb chosen moderator, Mr. John Blair clerk. Mr. Gilbert Tennent, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon from Rom. xi. 36. The Rev. Messrs. Jonathan Dickinson, David Brainerd, and Nathaniel Tucker, have been removed by death since our last meeting. The last year's minutes not being present, the Synod is necessitated to pro- ceed as well as they can without them. Mr. Byram fulfilled his appointment in going to Virginia, but Mr. Bewel could not be obtained to accompany him. The Presbytery of Suffolk county, on Long-Island, having, by their dele- gate Mr. Ebenezer Prime, desired to be admitted as members of this Synod with the proviso, that one or two of their members in all time to come, be allowed the privilege of representing them in the Synod, and acting for them as delegates; and likewise, that some members of New York Presbytery, might join them in their Presbyterial judicatories. In answer to which, the Synod does signify that they are willing to make all reasonable allowances for the absence of their members, who live far distant from the place of their con- vention, and when the Synod shall, on the account of their growing number and distant abode, conclude to form any of its sessions of delegates, they will 1749.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 237 readily admit that Reverend Presbytery to the common privilege of their body ; before which, we judge it would be unprecedented and unequal, and of bad tendency. If the Reverend Presbytery aforesaid is pleased to join with us on the aforesaid terms, then we declare our willingness to receive them, and that such of the Presbytery of New York who live on Long Island, as are inclined to it, may join with them as members. A call was brought into the Synod, to be presented to the Rev. Mr. Dean, from the congi-egations of Timber Ridge and forks of James's River ; the Sy- nod refer the consideration thereof to the Presbytery of New Castle, to which Mr. Dean doth belong, and do recommend it to said Presbytery to meet at Mr. Dean's meeting-house on Wednesday next upon said affair, and that Mr. Dean and his people be speedily apprized of it. A call was brought into the Synod from Falling Spring and New Providence, to be presented to Mr. Byram, the acceptance of which he declined. A supplication for supplies, and in particular for the opportunity of a pro- bationer from Cedar Creek and Opeken, was brought into the Synod, and also, a supplication for relief from a person who had suffered loss by fire j the consideration of both which is deferred until the next sederunt. Adjourned to ten of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. l%ih day, at ten of the dock, A. M. Post jpreces sederunt qui supra, Together with Mr. Charles Tennent. Application was made to the Synod in behalf of the lower counties in and adjacent to Maryland, for supplies. Motion was made to the Synod in behalf of Cape May, in order to have some provision made for the settlement of a minister there. A supplication was brought in from Augusta county in Virginia. With respect to the supplication for a charitable contribution, the Synod judges that it is an affair belonging to the civil magistrate, but does not belong to them to transact any thing synodically about it. The Synod proceeded to consider the motion respecting Cape May, and in order to the relief of that people, the Synod doth recommend to the Presby- tery of New Brunswick, to send down Mr. Lawrence immediately for a few Sabbaths, and also recommends to the Presbytery of New Castle, to take Mr. Hugh Henry speedily under trials, and in case of his licensure by said Pres- bytery, the Synod appoint said Presbytery, to send him directly down to said people, to supply there some time upon trial for settlement, if Divine Provi- dence clear the way. In answer to the supplication from the people in Augusta county, the Synod appoints Mr. Cummins to go there in the fall for some time, and they appoint Mr. Hunter to go into the lower counties, &c. the first of September, and preach there four Sabbaths. Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at Maidenhead at eleven of the clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1749. The Synod met at Maidenhead according to appointment, May the 17th, 1749. Uli j)OSt joreces sederunt Ministers: Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Aaron Burr, James Davenport, David Y^oungs, Thomas Arthur, John Brainerd, Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, James Campbell, Charles Beatty, Samuel Sacket, Timothy Allen, James McCrea, Thomas Lewie, Andrew Hunter, Daniel 238 MINUTES OF THE [1749. Lp,wrenee; John Roan, Samuel Davis, Andrew Bay, John Rogers, Samuel Finly. Elders : Messrs. John Lyle, Samuel Hazard, Hugh Marten, Thomas Logan, Daniel Grant, Hugh Kirkpatrick. Ministers absent : Messrs. Simon Horton, Azariah Horton, David Bostwick, Timothy Jones, Eliab Byram, Timothy Syms, John Grant, Jacob Green, Aaron Richards, Caleb Smith, Silas Leonard, Joseph Lamb, William Tennent, Eleazer Wales, Charles McKnight, Job Prudden, Robert Sturgeon, Samuel and John Blair, Charles Tennent, Andrew Sterling. Mr. Lamb, the last year's moderator, being absent, Mr. Gilbert Tennent opened the Synod by a sermon on 2 Cor. v. 11. Mr. Pierson chosen moderator, Mr. Finly clerk. Mr. Elihu Spencer is admitted to sit in the Synod as correspondent. The members absent the last year, and now present, gave their reasons for their absence, which were sustained. The Rev. Mr. Dean has been removed by death since our last meeting. The Presbytery of Suffolk, by their delegate Mr. James Brown, signified to the Synod their acceptance of the terms proposed to them the last session, and said Presbytery are accordingly admitted into our Synod, in consequence whereof Mr. Ebenezer Prime and Mr. James Brown, members of said Presby- tery being present, are now admitted to sit in the Synod as members. And the Synod recommends to those members of New York who dwell upon Long Island, to join the Presbytery of Suffolk as members thereof. Mr. Cummins fulfilled the appointment of our last in going to Virginia. Mr. Hunter was prevented of fulfilling his appointments by reason of sick- ness. Motion was made by some members for making proposals for an union with the Synod of Philadelphia, the further consideration of which is deferred till the next sederunt. Adjourned to seven of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. ISth duT/, at seven of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The motion for making proposals of union to the Synod of Philadelphia, reassumed, and after much reasoning upon it, it was carried by a great majority of votes, that proposals for an union be made to the Synod of Philadelphia in the following words, viz : The Synod of New York are deeply sensible of the many unhappy conse- quences that flow from our present divided state, and have with pleasure ob- served a spirit of moderation increasing between many of the members of both Synods ; this opens a door of hope, that if we were united in one body, we might be able to carry on the designs of religion in future peace and agree- ment to our mutual satisfaction ; and though we retain the same sentiments of the work of God which we formerly did, yet we esteem mutual forbearance our duty, since we all profess the same Confession of Faith and Directory of Worship. We would, therefore, humbly propose to our brethren of the Synod of Philadelphia, that all our former differences be buried in perpetual oblivion, and that for the time to come, both Synods be united into one, and that hence- forth there be no contentions among us ; but to carry towards each other in the most peaceable and brotherly manner, which we are persuaded will be for the honour of our Master, the credit of our profession, and the edification of the churches committed to our care. Accordingly we appoint the Rev. Messrs. John Pierson, Gilbert Tennent, Ebenezer Pemberton, and Aaron Burr, to be our delegates to wait upon the Synod of Philadelphia with these proposals. 1750.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 239 And if the Synod of Philadelphia see meet to join with us in this design, and will please to appoint a commission to meet for that purpose, we appoint the Kev. Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pcmberton, Aaron Burr, Gilbert and William Tennent, Richard Treat, Samuel or John ]31air, John Roan, Samuel Finly, Ebenezer Prime, David Bostwick, and James Brown, (whom we appoint a commission of the Synod for the ensuing year,) to meet with the commission of the Synod of Philadelphia, at such time and place as they shall choose, to determine the affair of the union, agreeable to the preliminary articles con- cluded upon by this Synod ; and it is agreed that any other of our members who shall please to meet with the commission, shall have liberty of voting and acting in said affair equally with the members of said commission. Which articles proposed as a general plan of union are as follows, viz : 1. To preserve the common peace, we would propose that all names of distinction which have been made use of in the late times, be for ever abo- lished. 2. That every member assent unto and adopt the Confession of Faith and Directory, according to the plan formerly agreed to by the Synod of Philadel- phia in the years . 3. That every member promise, that after any question has been determined by the major vote, he will actively concur or passively submit to the judgmeitt of the body ; but if his conscience permit him to do neither of these, that then he shall be obliged peaceably to withdraw from our Synodical communion, without any attempt to make a schism or division among us. Yet this is not intended to extend to any cases but those which the Synod judges essential in matters of doctrine or discipline. 4. That all our respective congregations and vacancies be acknowledged as congregations belonging to the Synod, but continue under the care of the same Presbytery as now they are, until a favourable opportunity presents for an advantageous alteration. 5. That we all agree to esteem and treat it as a censurable evil, to accuse any of our members of error in doctrine or immorality in conversation, any other- wise than by private reproof, till the accusation has been brought before a regular judicature and issued according to the known rules of our discipline. Upon a representation of the desolate circumstances of Virginia and Mary- land, the Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Prime, Davenport, Youngs, _ and Spencer, to writ^ to the Eastern Association of Fairfield county, in Connecticut, requesting them, if possible, to send some minister or ministers, to supply some time in those southern provinces. Also, Mr. Davenport is appointed, if he recovers a good state of health, to go and supply in Virginia. Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, to meet at Maidenhead, unless a different time and place be appointed by the commission. Concluded with prayer. 1750. The Synod met according to appointment. Maidenhead, May \%th, 1750. UU post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Aaron Burr, Eliab Byram, David Bostwick, Jacob Green, Caleb Smith, Thomas Arthur, Aaron Richards, James Davenport, Richard Treat, William Tennent, Charles McKnight, James McCrea, Timothy Allen, Thomas Lewis, Andrew Hunter, Daniel Law- rence, Israel Read, Samuel Sacket, Samuel Blair, John Blair, John Roan, Samuel Davis, Andrew Bay, John Rogers, Azariah Horton. Elders : Messrs. Peter Beach, Cornelius Wynkoop, Robert Cummins, Richard 240 MINUTES OF THE [1750. Walker, 'William Lynn, Moses Hallam, Joseph Peck, William Boyd, Samuel Morris, William Murphey. Ministers absent : Messrs. Simon Horton, Timothy Jones, Enos Ayres, Timothy Syms, John Brainerd, John Grant, Elihu Spencer, Robei't Sturgeon, Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Finly, Charles Tennent, Andrew Sterling, James Campbell, and all of the Presbytery of Suffolk except Azariah Horton. Mr. Pierson, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon from Colos. i. 18. Mr. William Tennent chosen moderator, Mr. Arthur clerk. The reasons sent in excuse for the present absence of Messrs. Charles Ten- nent, Samuel Finly, and Simon Horton, are sustained. The Rev. Mr. Lamb is removed by death since our last session. The minutes of our last session could not be obtained at present, and there- fore the Synod was necessitated' to proceed without them. Ordered, That any member of the Synod who may have them, or any other of the minutes of this Synod since its first erection, in their keeping, take care to produce them at the next session. The committee appointed by the last Synod to wait upon the Synod of Philadelphia, with a preliminary plan for an union, make report that they complied with said appointment, and in consequence thereof a commission of both Synods agreed to meet at Trenton, the first Wednesday of October, 1749, and met accordingly. Ordered, That the minutes of that meeting be laid before the Synod, which being done, the Synod ordered them to be inserted in their minutes, and they are as follows, viz. " Trenton, October 4:th, 1749. " Met according to an agreement between the commissioners of the Synod of New York and the Synod of Philadelphia, the commission of both Synods to treat upon an overture of union between the said Synods, offered to the Synod of Philadelphia by the Synod of New York. " Present of the Synod of Philadelphia : Messrs. Cross, Alison, Cathcart, Boyd, McHenry, Cowell, Griffith, and Thom. " Of the Synod of New York : Messrs. Pierson, Pemberton, Gilbert and William Tennent, Treat, Samuel and John Blair, Lewis, Finly, Roan, and Arthur. " N. B. In the appointment of the commission of the Synod of New York, liberty was expressly granted to any of their members, though not in com- mission, to attend and have equal liberty of voting with the commissioners if they were inclined so to do. ^^Post preces sederunt qui supra, with divers members of the Synod of New York. " Mr. David Cowell was chosen moderator, Mr. Thomas Arthur clerk. " Several members of the Synod of New York, that had not been present at forming the general plan for an union, moved that before the commissioners entered upon the affair of the union, they might have a private conference with the members of their own Synod, that they might be fully acquainted with each other's sentiments relating to the union, and also further inform themselves as to the general concessions made in the aforesaid plan, or preliminary articles, or by their committee ; which motion was granted. "Adjourned to eight of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 1750.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 241 "Thursday, hih day, met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. "The commissioners of the Synod of New York considering the protest of the Synod of Philadelphia, whereby they excluded from their communion the Presbytery of New Brunswick and theii' adherents, as one principal bar to an union, waiving all other matters, immediately insisted that said protest should, by some authentic and formal act of the Synod of Philadelphia, be made null and void. The debates on this head arose very high, and there appearing no prospect of accommodating matters, the commissioners of both Synods came unanimously into this conclusion, viz. That whereas certain difficulties arose in the conversation of the commissioners of both Synods, they came finally and unanimously into this agreement, that both Synods at their next sessions do more fully prepare proposals for an accommodation, and interchange said proposals, and that in the mean time, there be a mutual endeavour to cultivate a spirit of candour and friendship. At the same time these three principal things were especially recommended to the consideration of their respective Synods. 1. The protest. 2. That paragraph about essen- tials. 3. Of Presbyteries. Concluded with prayer." The affair of the union was taken under consideration, according to the conclusion of the commissioners of both Synods as aforesaid. But the Synod is sorry to find that it is not in their power to proceed to make further propo- sals at this session, for want of the last year's minutes, and a copy of the former plan of preliminary articles, occasioned by the absence of their former clerk. But still they profess their design to enter upon the affair at their next sessions, and in the mean time to maintain a spirit of candour and friendship. Ordered, That a copy of this minute be sent to the Rev. Mr. Gilbert Ten- nent, who is hereby appointed to deliver it in to the Synod of Philadelphia, at the beginning of their next sessions. Upon application made by Mr. Davis in behalf of the people in the southern colonies, the Synod do recommend to the Presbytery of New Brunswick to endeavour to prevail with Mr. John Todd, upon his being licensed, to take a journey thither; and also to the Presbytery of New York, to urge the same iipon Messrs. Syms and Greenman. Mr. Davenport is appointed to go into Virginia to assist in supplying the numerous vacant and destitute congregations there. The same is also recom- mended to the Rev. Mr. Byram. Adjourned to eight o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. VJtTi day, at eight of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. An affair of the congregation of Tehicken was brought into the Synod by a reference from the Presbytery of New Brunswick, which the Synod pro- ceeded to consider, and ordered the parties concerned to lay the case before them in order to be determined, which was accordingly done ; and after much was said, many papers read, and all persons had offered what they thought proper with respect to the matter in controversy, the Synod came into the following conclusion, viz. That whereas the congregation of Tehicken is sadly divided about the fairness and obligation of a lot made use of by them for the determining the place for their meeting-house, the Synod, after a full hearing the case, came unanimously into this judgment, viz. that though they do by all means discountenance the method of ending such matters of controversy by lottery, yet as to the lot under debate, the Synod is of the opinion, that 31 242 MINUTES OF THE ' [1750. it was fairly cast, and consequently binding upon the parties concerned, as also other former agreements said people have solemnly obliged themselves to; and the Synod doth judge, that they have acted very sinfully who have broken through these repeated solemn obligations, and that a solemn admonition be given unto them by Mr. Pemberton in the name of the Synod; which was accordingly done. The last year's commission continued for the ensuing year. Adjourned to the fourth Thursday in September next, to meet at Newark. Concluded with prayer. The Synod met according to adjournment, Newark, September 27th, 1750. Uhi post preces sederunt ■ Ministers : Messrs. Ebenezdx Prime, Azariah Horton, James Brown, David Youngs, Ebenezer Pemberton, John Pierson, Aaron Burr, Timothy Jones, Jacob Green, John Grant, Caleb Smith, Aaron Richards, Timothy Syms, Daniel Thane, Thomas Arthur, Enos Ayres, Elihu Spencer, William Tennent, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, Thomas Lewis, Daniel Lawrence, Timothy Allen, Israel Read, Samuel Finly, Simon Horton. Elders : John Smith, David Ray, John Lyle. Ministers absent : Messrs. Silvanus White, Samuel Bewel, James McCrea, Gilbert Tennent, Job Prudden, Samuel Sacket, Andrew Hunter, James Daven- port, Samuel Blair, John Blair, John Roan, Charles Tennent, Andrew Bay, Samuel Davis, John Rogers, James Campbell, Andrew Sterling, Alexander Hutchinson. Mr. Prime chosen moderator, Mr. Smith clerk. The Synod was opened by a sermon preached by Mr. Cummins from Rom. viii. 15. The Rev. Mr. Eleazer Wales is removed by death since our last session. Adjourned till two of the clock, post meridiem. Concluded with prayer. Tioo of the clocTc, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra The minutes of the Synod since their first erection being, according to the order of our last, brought into the Synod, they appoint Mr. Treat to transcribe them into a book that they be not lost, and that he be henceforth their stated clerk for that purpose. The reasons given by the present members of their absence the last session were sustained. The afiair of the union with the Synod of Philadelphia, came under consid- eration, and the Synod appoints Messrs. Treat, William Tennent, Finly, Green, and Spencer, to be a committee to draw up proposals upon that head to be brought in at their next sederunt. The High Dutch congregation of Rockway, in the township of Lebanon, applied to the Synod that they may be taken under the care of this Synod, and that a certain person now preaching among them may be taken under examina- tion, and if approved, ordained a minister to them. The Synod, in order to clear their way to transact any thing with said people, do appoint Mr. Pemberton to make inquiry of the Dutch ministers in New York, whether said people do belong to their jurisdiction ; and he is to acquaint a committee of the Synod how that matter is. And the Synod appoints Messrs. Pierson, Burr, Arthur, Smith, and Spencer, their committee, to sit at such time and place as they shall appoint, and transact in said afiair, according as things shall then appear to them. Upon a representation made by Mr. Beatty of the necessitous circumstances 1750.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 243 of the congregation of Cape May, and their earnest request that some minister, or candidate, might be sent down to them and settle with them, the Synod ap- points Mr. Davenport to go and gpeud the winter with them for that purpose, if consistent with his affairs. Adjourned till eight of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 2Sth day, at eight of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. Pemberton, Pierson, Burr, Arthur, Gilbert and William Ten- nent, Treat, Finly, Samuel and John Blair, Azariah Horton, Brown, and the moderator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for this year. The Synod making inquiry how the several appointments for Virginia have been fulfilled, do find that Mr. Davenport has been there, and that Mr. Todd is licensed, and preparing speedily to go ; but that the other appointments by one means or other have foiled. The committee according to appointment, brought in a draught of proposals for an union with the Synod of Philadelphia, which the Synod approve, and they are as follow, viz. 1. That every member assent unto and receive the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, as the confession of his faith, according to the plan formerly mentioned and proposed, and also agree to the Directory as the general plan of worship and discipline. 2. That all matters shall be determined by a majority of votes, to which determination all shall submit ; but if any member or members cannot, in con- science submit to any particular act or determination of the body, he or they shall be obliged, after sufficient liberty of reasoning and modest remonstration, to withdraw from our Synodical communion. Provided always, that this last article shall not extend to any cases but such as the Synod shall judge to be essential in doctrine, worship, or discipline. 3. That it shall be treated as a censurable misconduct, for any member to charge any of his brethren with errors in doctrine or immorality in conversa- tion, except in a way of private reproof or judicial process. And that none shall be judicially condemned or censured without a fair trial and process, according to the known rules of our discipline. 4. That no candidate shall be taken upon trials by any Presbytery, without a degree or a certificate from the president, and a sufficient number of the tutors or trustees of some college, testifying to the sufficiency of his learning ; except in cases extraordinary, in which the Presbyteries shall be accountable to the Synod for their conduct. .5. That it shall be treated as irregular, for any minister or candidate to preach or perform other ministerial offices in the congregations of other ministers be- longing to our body, contrary to their minds. On the other hand it shall be esteemed unbrotherly for any minister to refuse his consent, (without weighty reasons,) when amicably desired. 6. That all the several Presbyteries belonging to both Synods respectively, shall continue distinct Presbyteries as now they are, and that the several con- gregations and vacancies may continue to be under the same' Presbyteries as at present. 7. That the protestation made in the Synod of Philadelphia in the year 1741, be declared henceforth void and of none efiect, and that the proposed union shall not be understood to imply an agreement or consent to said protestation on the part of this Synod. 8. Forasmuch as this Synod doth believe, (as they have before declared,) that 244 MINUTES or THE [1751. a glorious work of Grod's Spirit was carried on in the late religious appear- ances, (thougli we doubt not but there were several follies and extravagan- cies of people, and artifices of Satan intermixed therewith,) it would be pleasing and desirable to us, and what we hope for, that both Synods may come so far to agree in their sentiments about it, as to give their joint testimony thereto. Ordered, That Mr. Treat, the stated clerk, transcribe these proposals and deposit a true copy thereof in the hands of Mr. Samuel Hazard of Philadelphia, to be delivered to the Synod of Philadelphia, or their order, when he shall have received their proposals. The Synod adjourned to the day after the commencement the ensuing year, and then to sit at Newark. Concluded with prayer. V 1751. The Synod met according to adjournment. Newark, Septemher 2%ih, 1751. Vhipost preces sederunt Ministers of Suffolk Presbytery : Messrs. Ebenezer Prime and Azariah Horton. Of the New York Presbytery : Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Simon Horton, Aaron Burr, James Davenport, David Bostwick, Jacob Green, Caleb Smith, John Brainerd, Elihu Spencer, Daniel Thane, Enos Ayres, John Moffett, Chauncey Glraham. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick : Messrs. William Tennent, Kichard Treat, Charles McKnight, Charles Beatty, Eliab Byram, Thomas Lewis, Andrew Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, Israel Read, Samuel Kennedy, Benjamin Chesnutt. Of the Presbytery of New Castle : Messrs. James Campbell, Samuel Finly, John Blair, Samuel Davis, John Rogers. Mr. John Smith correspondent. Elders : Messrs. John Ball, John Henderson, Anthony Scout, Hugh Mar- ten, John Kirkpatrick, Philip Celsel, AUin Killock, Daniel Morris, Aaron Trueheart, Jonathan Holms, Elias Bayley. Ministers absent. Of Long Island Presbytery: Messrs. Silvanus White, James Brown, Samuel Bewel, Naphtali Dagget, David Youngs, Samuel Sackett. Of New York Presbytery : Messrs. Timothy Syms, Timothy Jones, John Grant, Aaron Richards, Alexander Cummins, Jonathan Elmore. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, James McCrea, Timothy Allen, Job Prudden, John Campbell, John Todd. Of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Charles Tennent, John Roan, Andrew Sterling, Andrew Bay, Hugh Henry. Mr. John Blair chosen moderator, Mr. Byram clerk. Mr. Prime, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon from Psal. cii. 16. The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Blair and Thomas Arthur, are departed this life since the last Synod. A petition was sent into the Synod by the trustees of the college of New Jersey, desiring that the Rev. Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton might be appointed to make a voyage to Europe to solicit benefactions for said college ; and like- wise, requesting that some members of the Synod might be appointed to go immediately to New York, to treat with Mr. Pemberton's congregation upon said affair. The Synod taking this matter into consideration, do appoint Messrs. Aaron Burr, Richard Treat, William Tennent, and Samuel Davis, to be a com- 1751.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 245 mittee to go immediately to New York, and treat with Mr. Pemberton's con- gregation upon said affair. Adjourned to three of the clock, post meridiem. Concluded with prayer. Three of the dock, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The excuses of Messrs. Hunter, Davenport, James Campbell, Rogers, and the moderator, for their absence from the last Synod, are sustained. The committee to whom the affair of the Dutch congregation of Rockway was referred the last Synod, do make report, that difficulties arising in their way from time to time, they have not been able to do any thing in it. And application being again made to the Synod by said congregation, desiring they would take the said affair under their care ; the Synod do refer it to the Pres- bytery of New Brunswick, to transact in it according as they shall judge best, when matters are fully laid before them. The Synod find that Mr. Davenport fulfilled his appointment in going to Cape May. Messrs. Pierson, Pemberton, Burr, Spencer, Gilbert and William Tennent, Treat, Finly, Rogers, Prime, Azariah Horton, Brown, and the moderator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for the ensuing year. Proposals of accommodation from the Synod of Philadelphia, (in compli- ance with the agreement of the commissions of both Synods at Trenton, men- tioned in the preceding minutes, page 23,) were brought into the Synod and read, the consideration of which deferred till the next sederunt. [See page 204.] The Synod understanding that one Vandreron, a Dutch preacher, going from place to place, does much disturb some of our congregations, and being a person of gross enormities and scandals, the Synod judge it to be their duty to ad- monish all the people under their care to avoid the said Vandreron, and give no countenance to his preaching. Adjourned to to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 27th day^ at nine of the clock, A. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Prime absent, having obtained leave to go home. The Synod being informed of certain misrepresentations concerning the con- stitution, order, and discipline of our churches, industriously spread by some of the members of the Dutch congregations, interspersed among or bordering upon us, with design to prevent occasional or constant communion of their members with our churches ; to obviate all such misrepresentations, and to cultivate a good understanding between us and our brethren of the Dutch churches, we do hereby declare and testify our constitution, order, and dis- cipline, to be in harmony with the established church of Scotland. The West- minster Confession, Catechisms, and Directory for public worship and church government adopted by them, are in like manner received and adopted by us. We declare ourselves united with that church in the same faith, order, and discipline. Its approbation, countenance, and favour, we have abundant tes- timonies of. They, as brethren, receive us ; and their members, we, as oppor- tunity offers, receive as ours. And as the church of Scotland, and the Re- formed churches abroad, agreeable to the Geneva Platform, hold a ready and free communion with each other, so we also desire the same with our brethren of the Dutch and French churches, interspersed amongst and bordering upon us. The exigencies of the great affair of propagating the gospel among the hea- 246 MINUTES OF THE [1751. then, being represented unto the Synod, the Synod, in order to promote so important and valuable a design, do enjoin all their members to appoint a col- lection in their several congregations once every year, to be applied for that purpose ; and that the money raised by such collections be yearly sent to the Synod. The Synod do, moreover, recommend to all their members, as far as prudence may direct, to make another annual collection for the support of young stu- dents, whose circumstances render them incapable to maintain themselves at learning, and for other charitable purposes ; which contributions shall be at the disposal of such respective Presbyteries where they are made. A petition of a number of the members of the Presbytery of New Bruns- wick, praying to be erected into a distinct Presbytery, was brought into the Synod, the further consideration of it deferred till the next sederunt. A petition from a number of the inhabitants of Tinnicum or Tehicken, pray- ing for liberty for supplies at the place called the Old House. The Synod, after hearing what they had to offer in support of said petition, and after con- sideration thereon, do unanimously reject said petition. The consideration of the proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia in order to union, taken under consideration, and the Synod appoint Messrs. Pierson, Finly, Smith, Beatty, and the moderator, to draw up an answer and lay it be- fore the Synod the next sederunt. Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three of the dock, P. 3f. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the petition of some members of the Presbytery of New Brunswick was resumed, and after hearing what they had to offer in support thereof, the Synod agree to grant said petition, and do erect that part of the Presbytery of New Brunswick that live in Pennsylvania, together with those who live in New Jersey, to the southward of Philadelphia, bordering upon Delaware, into a distinct Presbytery by the name of the Presbytery of Abington, and also appoint their first meeting to be at Philadelphia the third Wednesday in May next. The committee appointed to draw up something in answer to the proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia, laid before the Synod what they had done, which the Synod approve, and is as follows, viz. The proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia for union with this Synod were opened and read. The Synod after deliberate perusal of them are pleased in observing any steps taken towards the uniting the two Synods, and that our brethren of the Philadelphia Synod profess a peaceable disposition, and deter- mine to concur with our proposals as closely and as far as they can, in their present view of things. But as they have not seen fit to comply with some of the particulars proposed by us so closely as we could have wished, we judge it becomes our professions, and our endeavours for peace, to be candidly open and free in pointing out those things from which we disagree in their pre- sent plan of accommodation. 1. Though the Synod should make no acts but concerning matters of plain duty, or opinions relating to the great truths of religion, yet as every thing that appears plain duty and truth unto the body, may appear at the same time not to be essential, so we judge that no member or members should be obliged to withdraw from our communion upon his or their not being able actively to concur, or passively submit, unless the matter be judged essential in doctrine or discipline. 2. We cannot agree that all the public and fundamental agreements of the 1752.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 247 Synod of Philadelphia should stand safe, if this is understood to extend to agreements made by said Synod since the rupture happened. 3. We cannot see that it will consist with the peace and edification of the church to use any coercive measures to oblige people to be under the ministry of those whom they do not choose, or to dissolve and new model Presby- teries. 4. Seeing by the goodness of Divine Providence we have now a college erected, we see no necesf^ity for the alternative of the Synod or their commis- sion examining candidates before they be admitted to Presbyterial trials. As the Synod of Philadelphia had not our last proposals before them when they drew up the present plan of accommodation, we refer them to said pro- posals, as to what wo further desire in order to our union with them. Ordered, That the clerk send an attested copy of the above to Mr. Samuel Hazard, of Philadelphia, to be delivered to the moderator of the Synod at Philadelphia. The distressing circumstances of Virginia being represented to the Synod, they appoint Mr Greenman to go into Virginia as soon as possibly he can, and supply there for some time. A motion being made to the Synod by Mr. Davis, of the necessity of send- ing to England an account relating to the dissenting interest in Virginia, the Synod does order that a representation of the circumstances of the Presby- terian congregations in that colony be made and signed in the name of the Synod, by Messrs. Burr and Pemberton, to Dr. Doddridge and Dr. Avery, and also a certificate of Mr. Davis's character. The committee sent to New York by the Synod on the petition of the trus- tees of the college, returned and reported that their attempts were to no pur- pose in the affair of their mission. Adjourned to the day after the commencement of the ensuing year, and then to meet at Newark. Concluded with prayer. 17oS. The Synod met according to appointment. Newark, Beptenxber 1%ili.)Vl^1. V hi sederunt post preces. Ministers : Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Simon Horton, Aaron Burr, James Davenport, Jacob G-reen, David Bostwick, Caleb Smith, John Brainerd, Elihu Spencer, Daniel Thane, Chauncey Graham, William Tennent, Andrew Hunter, Timothy Allen, Israel Read, Eliab Byram, Thomas Lewis, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, Daniel Lawrence, Samuel Finly, Aza- riah Horton, Aaron Richards, Alexander Cummins, Job Prudden, Conrad Worts, John Grant, Naphtali Dagget. Elders : James Kilburn, Joseph Kerr. Ministers absent: Enos Ayers, John Moffbrt, Timothy Jones, Jonathan Elmore, Charles McKnight, James McCrea, Samuel Kennedy, John Todd, Gilbert Tennent, Benjamin Chesnutt, John Campbell, James Campbell, John Blair, John Rogers, Charles Tennent, John Roan, Andrew Sterling, Andrew Bay, Hugh Henry, Ebenezer Prime, Silvanus White, Samuel Bewel, James Brown, Samuel Sacket, James Finly, Robert Smith. Mr. Treat chosen moderator, Mr. Samuel Finly clerk. Our last year's moderator being absent the Rev. Mr. Jonathan Edwards, at the request of the members, opened the Synod with a sermon on James ii. 19. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. ^0 MINUTES OF THE [1752. Th7'ee of the clocJc, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. David Youngs has departed this life since our last. Mr. Cummins, Mr. Richards, Mr. Grant, Mr. Dagget, Mr. Allen, and Mr. Prudden, gave the reasons of their absence the last Synod, which were sus- tained. According to appointment of Synod, the Presbytery of New Brunswick examined the aflPair of the Dutch congregation at Rockway, and ordained Mr. Worts to be their minister. Messrs. Pierson, Pemberton, Burr, Spencer, Grilbert and William Tennent, Finly, Rogers, Prime, Azariah Horton, Brown, and the moderator, are ap- pointed to be a commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. Inquiry into the aflFair of th« collection for the Indians, appointed the last Synod, deferred until another sederunt. The clerk reports that he complied with the order of sending an attested copy of our last year's proposals to Mr. Hazard, to be given in to the Synod of Philadelphia ; in consequence of which, and the proposals of this Synod in the year 1750, the Synod of Philadelphia sent a letter of remarks and propo- sals, which being read, the consideration of them deferred till to-morrow. [See page 205.] Mr. Greenman's reasons for his not going to Virginia, according to the ap- pointment of the last Synod, are sustained. The Rev. Messrs. Jonathan Edwards, John Smith, and Hopkins, being present, do join as correspondents. A reference from the Presbytery of New York concerning some matters of diflPerence among the members of the Presbyterian congregation of New York, which were laid before said Presbytery, was brought into the Synod, and after hearing many things in relation thereto, the Synod deferred the further exami- nation thereof till the next sederunt. Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 29 day, at nine of the cloch, A. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Only Mr. Lewis departed without leave. The Synod proceeded to make inquiry concerning the collection for the Indians, and it was found that all the members present made collections except Messrs. William Tennent, Davenport, Byram, Beatty, Richards, Grant, Dagget, Simon Horton, and Read, who propose afterwards to collect and send their collections to Mr. Brainerd. Ordered, also, that the collections brought to the Synod be paid into the hands of Mr. Brainerd, to be disposed of by the corre- spondents for the Indian aifairs. A motion being made to the Synod by the trustees of the college of New Jersey to obtain a public collection from all the congregations belonging to the Synod, and the Synod having taken the matter into consideration, do unani- mously approve the motion, and earnestly recommend it to all the Presbyteries to see that every one of their members do endeavour to collect money in their respective congregations for that purpose ; and also in vacancies, where they have opportunity so to do ; and the Synod order, that all other public collec- tions before appointed by them to be annually observed, be suspended on that account. The Synod do likewise order that the said collection for the college be made betwixt this time and May next, and that an account of what is gathered by every Presbytery, be transmitted to the President of the college by each Presbytery. 1752.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 249 The consideration of the proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia, in order to an union, further deferred. The affair of the reference from the Presbytery of New York reassumed, and the pleas of all parties being fully heard, the Synod defer the judicial determi- nation thereof till the next sederunt. Adjourned till half an hour after two of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Hal f an hour after two, P. M. Postpreces sederunt gut supra. Mr. Davis is come to the Synod ; his not coming in the beginning of this session occasioned by mistaking the time of their meeting. The Synod agree to desire the Rev. Mr. Edwards to publish his sermon preached before them. Upon a representation of the destitute circumstances of Virginia, &c. the Synod appoint Mr. Greenman and Mr. Robert Henry, to go there some time betwixt this and the next Synod. Whereas a certain person pretending at Egg Harbour to be a minister regu- larly ordained among the Presbyterians, and under that character baptized some adults and infants, and it appearing to the Synod that his pretences were false, having at that time no license or ordination, it is our opinion that all the gospel ordinances he administered under that false and pretended char- acter are null and invalid. The proposals of the Synod of Philadelphia came to be considered, and the Synod finding they had not time to go through with them this session, agreed upon the following answer, to be sent to them by the stated clerk. Very Reverend and dear Brethren : We have received your letter. The great crowd of Synodical affairs now upon our hands, renders it impossible for us to give it that attentive examination which the importance of the aff"air requires. We shall endeavour, as soon as we have opportunity, to give it a calm and deliberate consideration, and hope we shall return you such an an- swer as shall give you convincing evidence, that we entertain the most affec- tionate desires of peace and union upon such a bottom as may contribute to the edification and comfort of all our churches. In the mean time, it is our sincere inclination to evidence towards you all proper and friendly regards. The aff"air of New York referred to the Synod as before mentioned, and heard at length, reassumed in order to a judgment, and the Synod having seriously and deliberately considered the sundry articles of debate and complaint laid before them, came into the following conclusions : 1. That the building, ground, &c. conveyed from the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland to the Presbyterian Society in New York, belong to Presbyterians without distinction of name or nation, who conform to the general plan of the Church of Scotland as practised by the Synod of New York. 2. That it is not inconsistent with the Presbyterian plan of government, nor the institution of our Lord Jesus Christ, that trustees, or a committee chosen by the congregation, should have the disposal and application of the public money raised by said congregation, to the uses for which it was designed ; pro- vided that they leave in the hands and to the management of the deacons, what is collected for the Lord's table and the poor. And that ministers of the gospel, by virtue of their ofl&ce, have no right to sit with or preside over such trustees or committees. 3. That it appears to the Synod, that the trustees of said church have faith- fully discharged the trust reposed in them, with respect to its temporalities, much to its advantage. 4. That as to the articles of complaint brought against Mr. Gumming, it 32 250 MINUTES OF THE [1753. appears to the Synod, that he has been necessarily hindered from performing his part in public service, by his low state of health ; but they judge it his duty to discharge it according to his call when his health will admit; and when he is disabled, he should desire Mr. Pemberton to officiate in his room. That his insisting on a right to sit with the trustees in their conventions about the temporal affairs of the congregation, was not a violation of his ordination vows, which respect only the work of the ministry, although they judge he acted imprudently in so doing. That he is to be commended for insisting on persons praying in their families, who present their children to baptism; but inasmuch as it appears expedient, that the same form of covenanting should be used in the same church; the Synod do, therefore, recommend it to Mr. Pemberton and Mr. Gumming, to consult with the committee hereafter to be mentioned about a form that thev can both agree in. 5. That the said church proceed as soon as may be, to the choice of elders to join with their ministers in the government and discipline of the church ; and that the committee hereafter to be appointed do nominate the persons to be chosen, and determine the number. 6. That as to the methods taken to introduce a new version of the psalms in the public worship, the Synod judge it to be disorderly, and always to be discountenanced, when the parties in matters of debate in a church do carry about private subscriptions. 7- That as to the introduction of a new version of psalms, the Synod hath not light at present to determine, but do impower the committee to recom- mend Dr. Watts's version, if upon observation of circumstances they think it proper. And the Synod do appoint the Rev. Messrs. Samuel Davis, Samuel Finly, and Charles Beatty, to be a committee to go immediately to New York, and direct and assist the Presbyterian congregation of New York in such affairs as may contribute to their peace and edification. Mjourned to the first Wednesday of October, 1753, and then to meet at Philadelphia at three of the clock; P. M. Concluded with prayer. 1753* The Synod met according to appointment. Philadelphia, October Sd, 17 53. Ubi post jpreces sederunt Ministers of New York Presbytery : Messrs. Azariah Horton, Timothy Jones, Timothy Allen, David Bostwick, John Brainerd, Elihu Spencer. Of Suffolk Presbytery : Mr. James Brown. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. William Tennent, Charles McKnight, Eliab Byram, Thomas Lewis, Israel Bead, Samuel Kennedy, Conradus Wort. Of Abington Presbytery : Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, Andrew Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, Benjamin Chesnutt. Of New Castle Presbytery : Messrs. Charles Tennent, Samuel Finly, James Campbel, James Davenport, Evander Morrison, Samuel Davis, Andrew Bay, John Rogers, Hugh Henry, Robert Smith, James Finly, John Todd. Elders : Messrs. Jacob Bedel, Robert Cummins, Hugh Marten, John Roy, Thomas Coon, Robert English, David Chambers, William Adams, Richard Walker, Jonathan Holmes, William McCrea, John Vandyke, Francis Alexan- der, Samuel Jamison, William Buchanan. Ministers absent : Messrs. John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton, Simon Hor- ton, Aaron Burr, John Smith, Silas Leonard, Jacob Green, Aaron Richards, Caleb Smith, Enos Ayres, Chauncey Graham, Alexander Cummins, John Moffett, Daniel Thane, Jonathan Elmore, Ebenezer Prime, Silvanus White, 1753.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 251 Joseph Park, Samuel Sacket, John Maltby, Samuel Bewel, Napthali Dagget, James McCrea, Samuel Harker, Job Prudden, Alexander Hutchinson, Alex- ander Craighead, John Eoan, John Blair, Andrew Stirling, John Wright, Robert Henry. Messrs. John Grant and John Campbell, have departed this life since our last Synod. The Synod was opened by Mr. Treat, the last year's moderator, by a sermon, on Heb. iii. 2. Mr. Samuel Finly was chosen moderator, Mr. Bostwick chosen clerk. Mr. Davis and iNlr. Rogers were appointed to revise the Synod's book against the nest sederunt. Adjourned till nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 4:th day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Davis and Mr. Rogers complied with the appointment of the last sede- runt in revising the Synod book, and brought their remarks, which the Synod approved. The Synod do appoint, that Mr. Treat, who is the stated clerk, be allowed three pounds per annum, for his service in transcribing the minutes in their proper order into the Synod book ; and that every minister endeavour to bring ten shillings annually, to defray the above mentioned charge, and for other exigencies that may happen, and that the same be lodged in the hands of Mr. Treat as the Synod's treasurer. Messrs. Jones, McKnight, Todd, Kennedy, Gilbert Tennent, Rogers, Ches- uutt, James Campbel, Charles Tennent, Bay, Hugh Henry, Silvanus White, and James Finly, gave the reasons for their absence the last year, which were sustained. The following ministers were absent the last year as well as at this present meeting : Messrs. Enos Ayres, John Moffet, Jonathan Elmore, James McCrea, John Blair, John Roan, Andrew Sterling, Ebenezer Prime, Samuel Bewel. The Synod order, that the last mentioned members be called to account for their absence. Messrs. Pierson, Pemberton, Burr, Spencer, William and Charles Tennent, Treat, Rogers, Prime, Brown, Azariah Horton, and the moderator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for the ensuing year. The Synod, upon inquiry concerning the collection appointed for the use of the college, do find they cannot go through with said affair, by reason of the absence of divers of their members, and do, therefore, refer it to each of their Presbyteries to make inquiry of each of their members, touching their compliance with said appointment, and take due care that their respective members do comply with it accordingly, and give an account of their conduct to the next Synod. The Synod do appoint each of their Presbyteries to bring their Presbytery books to the next Synod in order to be examined. The affiiir of union with the Synod of Philadelphia, referred to this Synod by our last, deferred to the next sederunt. Adjom-ued to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of the union was brought under consideration, and the last pro- posals from the Synod of Philadelphia, &c. were read, and the Synod do ap- point Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Davis, and the moderator, to prepare an answer thereto, and lay it before the Synod the next sederunt. 252 MINUTES OF THE [1753 The committee appointed by the last Synod to go to New York to direct and assist the Presbyterian congregation in affairs relating to their peace and edification, make report of their compliance with said appointment. The minutes of their proceedings being laid before the Synod, are approved, and are as follows, viz. " New York, October 2d, 1752. "The committee appointed by the Synod to direct and assist the Presbyte- rian congregation of New York in such affairs as contribute to their peace and satisfaction, met, uhi post preces sederunt, Messrs. Samuel Finly, Charles Beatty, and Samuel Davis. '' Mr. Finley was chosen moderator, and Mr. Davis clerk. " Ordered, That the minutes of the Synod containing their conclusions con- cerning the affair referred unto them by the Presbytery be read. " The committee after the best inquiry they could make into the circum- stances of the congregation, do conclude that but two persons should at pre- sent be chosen to sustain the office of elders, and that Messrs. David Van- horn, and Israel Horsfield are proper persons for that purpose, and they do accordingly nominate the said persons to that office; and give public notice, that if any of the members of said congregation have any sufficient objections against either of them, they would bring them into the committee in the afternoon. " Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. " Tliree of the clock, P. M. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. " Messrs. Vanhorn and Horsfield being spoken unto by the committee, and the peculiar exigency of the case being represented unto them, they consented to accept of the office for which they are nominated ; and the congregation brought in no objections against them, but signified their consent by holding up their hands. " The committee after careful inquiry and deliberation, do conclude, from the best views of the present disposition of affairs they can attain, that it is not expedient at present, judicially to recommend a change of the version of Psalms, lest the animosities in the congregation should be more inflamed ; but they most earnestly recommend moderation, forbearance, and condescension to both parties, till such times as by the use of proper measures, they shall come to an agreement among themselves. Concluded with prayer." Application was made to the Synod in behalf of the trustees of the Col- lege of New Jersey, requesting the Synod to appoint two of their members viz. Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, and Samuel Davies, to take a voyage to Europe on the important affairs of said college; to which the Synod unanimously consent. The congregation of Philadelphia, under the care of Mr. Tennent, requested that in the absence of their pastor, they may be supplied with such members of the Synod as they shall choose, till their next meeting ; which was unani- mously agreed unto. Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 5th day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui mpra. The committee appointed by the Synod to draw up an answer to the letter 1753.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 253 sent to them by the Synod of Philadelphia, on the affair of the union, brought in said answer, which being read before the Synod, was approved, and is as follows, viz. Reverend and dear Brethren, — Your remarks on our proposals for an union of the two Synods we have diligently perused, and must say, that some of them, at least, were unexpected to us. Our first proposals contained some generals ; which, being too much so, were misconstrued by some on both sides. How- ever, when the commissioners of both Synods met at Trenton, they easily saw that it was necessary, and accordingly agreed to be particular in their proposals for the future. For this reason we mentioned all those particulars which we desired might be conceded, or at least canvassed, when we come to confer more closely on the affair. And if matters are duly recollected, we presume that it will appear we have not receded from our own proposals in any particular. 1. AVe did propose that all former differences, upon our union, should be buried in perpetual oblivion. And we also proposed that the protestation en- tered in the Synod in the year 1741, should particularly be buried in oblivion, being declared void and of none effect. Nor can we see any inconsistency in pro- posing the general, and afterwards a particular contained under it. For so we viewed the matter. Now the protest must either be declared void, or not be buried in oblivion. As you declare it to be a judicial act, it must stand in full force and virtue unless it be nullified by an equal act. And thus our uniting without its repeal, would be an implicit approbation of it, contrary to our judgment. And further, your " looking upon the design of the protesta- tion answered" by your terms of union, seems to favour what we heard was reported by some of your number, viz. that the protest was to be confirmed, and we to be received on that footing ; which was given by the commission of our Synod at Trenton, as the reason of their mentioning said protest in parti- cular. Nor have we any further design in insisting that it be declared void and of none effect, but that our uniting may not imply our approbation of it. And we think that your continuing to declare that '* you are well satisfied that the protestation was made on sufficient and justifiable grounds, and that you are not, in the least, convinced that the Synod acted wrong in said step," is far from being an inducement to unite without an express repeal thereof 2. As to the inconsistency mentioned in the second article, between our proposing that all differences should be buried in oblivion, and all names of distinction abolished, and our insisting that Presbyteries and congregations should continue as they are, we must remind you that both these particulars were expressly inserted in our first proposals, which you yourselves concluded to be pacific ; and we could not have expected that this would now be consid- ered as a receding further from an union, and from our own proposals in order thereto. Nor can we yet see that it is an inconsistency in fact, all things con- sidered. For why might there not be an union of the two Synods, so that we might all be considered as one body, though Presbyteries and congrega- tions continue as they are ? If it seems a jarring concord, as we proposed it, it would be more so to force people into it faster than they have clearness to go. If then, we proposed an union on the best terms and footing that cir- cumstances would allow, our proposals were most consistent in fact. And though the " concessions of our delegates, and our former proposals viz. that congregations as they are at present, should belong to the same Presbyteries they now do, till a favourable opportunity of an advantageous alteration might give you ground to apprehend that we would assent to the uniting of Pres- byteries," yet it could not give ground to apprehend we would do so until that favourable opportunity presents, which we did not apprehend could be immediately upon the union of the Synods, much less antecedent thereto. 254 MINUTES OF THE [1753. So that we have not in the least receded from our former concession in this point. 3. Our professing that mutual forbearance as to different sentiments respect- ing the late religious appearances, was our duty, since we all profess the same confession of faith and directory for worship ; and our desiring and hop- ing for a joint testimony to the late glorious work of God, are not inconsistent, inasmuch as the manner in which we have proposed this particular is differ- ent from that of the others. And though it would be inconsistent with our former judgment, peremptorily to insist on it as a term of union, yet it's not inconsistent to speak of it, and desire an agreement about it, and leave room to make trial how far we could agree therein ; and this was our design in that particular. And if we could agree to unite in other things, it cannot be denied but agreement in a matter of that importance would be desirable and worth attempting. And as we know not but upon friendly conference about it, the difference perhaps would not be so great as it has seemed, we thought it might very well be proposed in the manner in which we have done it. At the same time it is also plain that there is no inconsistency between our present pro- posal and our declared sentiments, that difference in judgment should not oblige a dissenting member to withdraw from our communion, unless the matter were judged by the body to be essential in doctrine or discipline. And this we must own is an important article with us, which we cannot any way dispense with ; and it appears to us to be strictly Christian and scriptural, as well as Presbyterian, otherwise we must make every thing that appears plain duty to us, a term of communion, which we apprehend the Scripture prohibits. And it appears plain to us that there may be many opinions relating to the great truths of religion, that are not great themselves, nor of sufficient importance to be made terms of communion. Nor can these sentiments " open a door to an unjustifiable latitude in principles and practices," any more than the apostolic prohibition of receiving those that are weak to doubtful disputations. What is plain sin and plain duty in one's account, is not so in another's ; and the Synod has still in their power to judge what is essential and what is not. In order to prevent an unjustifiable latitude, we must not make terms of communion which Christ has not made ; and we are convinced that he hath not made every truth and every duty a term. As to the true stating of what we believe to be the glorious work of God's Spirit in the late religious appearances, that we judged, and do judge, could properly be done when both Synods came to confer about it. Though our public prints have not been silent on that head. Nor have we left even '' the more simple and ignorant," who inclined to give heed to us, without the means of distinguishing between " the work of God's Spirit and their own follies, or the artifices of Satan." So that if they yet " continue in the mistake," it is not of us. 4. As to " the intrusions of disorderly ministers into your congregations, so that they are rendered incapable to perform their solemn engagements to their pastors," of which you complain, and also " that no regard was to be paid to your repeated desires and public votes, that young men should have certificates from some college," without retorting to the former, we only ob- serve that these complaints are proper if we are to overhaul old debates, and come to be judged before you ; but permit us to request that they may not come into pacific proposals ; for, as each side pretend to justify themselves in many things of which the other accuses, such criminations can have no pro- priety, nor tendency to peace and re-union, but rather to provoke recriminations, and are but a begging the question, or taking for granted what is in dispute. We have thought it our duty to avoid them as an incongruity, and inconsistent with our proposals. If we sincerely seek peace, let us speak and act so as 1753.1 SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 255 has a tendency to promote it, and none to subvert it. We do not presume to treat you as criminals on the present footing, and we expect to be treated as a judicature on equal ground. But were each side candidly disposed to make the utmost acknowledgments to the other, of past wrongs, which they possibly could with a clear judgment and conscience, then these things might properly be pointed out and proposed to consideration, and this might answer a valuable end. Ordered, That a copy of the above be sent to the Synod of Philadelphia, at their next session, by the Synod's stated clerk. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'dochj P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Motion being made by William McCrea in behalf of the congregation at Whiteclay Creek, for a copy of the original plan of the constitution of this Synod, they order the same to be given them by their stated clerk. The like motion was made by l)avid Chambers in behalf of the new erected Presbyterian congregation in Philadelphia, which was also granted. A representation being made to the Synod by Mr. Pemberton, and several members of the Presbyterian congregation in New York, of the divided state of said congregation, requesting the assistance of the Synod in their distressed case, the Synod do appoint Messrs. William Tennent, Samuel Davies, Aaron Burr, Caleb Smith, David Bostwick, Elihu Spencer, Richard Treat, Charles Beatty, and John Rogers, to be a committee to meet at New York on the fourth Wednesday of instant October, at ten of the clock, A. M., with full power and authority to transact such things with respect to said congregation, as they shall judge necessary for the healing of the divisions of said congrega- tion, and best interest of religion therein. It being moved to the Synod, what they judge necessary as to the form or method to be used in the administration of baptism, the Synod do refer to our excellent Directory in that case. It being further moved to the Synod, whether a church session hath power to introduce a new version of psalms into the congregation to which they belong, without the consent of the majority of said congregation; it was voted in the negative, nemine contradicente. A draught of an address from this Synod to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, was brought into the Synod and being read, the Synod appoint Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Spencer, Allen, and Treat, a committee to revise said draught and bring it in the next sederunt. The Synod do also appoint said committee to draw up certificates for Mr. Tennent and Mr. Davies. The Synod taking into consideration how to supply Mr. Davies's congrega- tion during his absence, do appoint Messrs. Blair, Bay, Henry, James Pinly, and Rogers, and the particular seasons of their supplying to be adjusted and fixed by the Presbytery of New Castle to which they belong, and the Synod do appoint said Presbytery to supply their respective congregations in their absence as much as they can. And to assist therein, the Synod do appoint Mr. Lewis to supply two Sabbaths in Fag's Mannor, and one for the Forks of Brandywine before the next Synod. The Synod also appoint Mr. Lawrence to supply Mr. Henry's congrega- tion four Sabbaths, to begin with the third Sabbath in May. They also ap- point Mr. Allen to supply St. George's four Sabbaths in April, beginning with the first. Adjourned to nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 256 MINUTES OF THE [1753. 6th,Vib^. Uhi post preces sederunt Ministers of New York Presbytery : Messrs. John Pierson, Simon Horton, Aaron Burr, Timothy Jones, David Bostwick, Caleb Smith, John Brainerd, Daniel Thane, Azariah Horton, Jacob Grreen, Aaron Richards, Enos Ayres, John Moffet, John Smith, Robert Henry, Alexander Cummins. Suffolk Presbytery : Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Samuel Sacket. New Brunswick Presbytery: Messrs. William Tennent, James Davenport, James McCrea, Thomas Lewis, Israel Read, Samuel Kennedy. Abington Presbytery: Messrs. Andrew Hunter, Charles Beatty, Richard Treat, Benjamin Chesnut, Nehemiah Greenman, Henry Martin. cries to her tender and powerful mother for relief. The cries of ministers oppressed ■with labours, and of congregations famishing for want of the sincere milk of the word, implore assistance. And were the poor Indian savages sensible of their own case, they would join in the cry, and beg for more missionaries to be sent to propagate the religion of Jesus among them. Now as the college of New Jersey appears the most promising expedient to redresa these grievances, and to promote religion and learning in these provinces, your petition- ers most heartily concur with the trustees, and humbly pray, that an act may be passed by this venerable and honourable Assembly, for a national collection in favour of said college. And your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray, &c. * A copy of the certificate for Messrs. Gilbert Tennent and Samuel Davies. The Rev. Messrs. Gilbert Tennent and Samuel Davies, the bearers hereof, undertaking a voyage to Europe, by the appointment of this Synod, in concurrence with the trustees of the college of New Jersey, for the service of said college ; the Synod do hereby cer- tify, that the above reverend gentlemen are worthy and well approved members of their body, and do recommend them to the acceptance of the church of God, and the work of their mission, wheresoever Divine Providence may call them, imploring the Divine Pre- sence with them and success to their important undertaking. Signed by order of the Synod. f A copy of the representation and certificate. Whereas, the Protestant dissenters of the Presbyterian denomination in the colony of Virginia lie under some restraints, particularly with regard to the number of their meet- ing-houses, which is not at all equal to what their circumstances require, though they have taken all legal measures to have a sufficient number registered according to the act of toleration; and_ whereas, the Rev. Mr. Samuel Davies has been appointed to take a voyage to Great Britain in behalf of the college of New Jersey, and may have an oppor- tunity of using proper means to procure a redress of said grievance, this Synod do hum- bly and earnestly request the concurrence and assistance of their friends there, for the relief of an helpless and oppressed people in a point of so great consequence, in which their religious liberties are so nearly concerned. We do therefore cheerfully recommend the said Mr. Davies, who is settled in A''irginia, and the Rev. Mr. John Todd, his colleague, as regular and worthy members of their body, zealously and prudently engaged in advancing the Redeemer's kingdom. 1754.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 259 New Castle Presbytery : IMessrs. Samuel Finly, John Blair, Joliu Rogers, Robert Smith. Elders : Messrs. Caleb l^alilwiii, Joseph Prudden, Timothy AVhitchead, Sa- muel Lumb, Jonathan Sayres, Junah Ilalstoad, David Ray, Ephraini Lockart, Thomas Coon, Brice Rickey, Abraham Reeves, David Fulton, Abram Slack, "William Buchanan. Ministers absent : Messrs. Silas Leonard, Jonathan Elmore, Chancey Gra- ham, Timothy Allen, Elihu Spencer, John Maltby, Samuel Bowel, James Brown, Silvanus White, Joseph Park, Naphtali Dagget, Eliphalet Ball, Alex- ander Craighead, Charles Tennent, James Campbel, John Roan, Samuel Da- vies, Andrew Stirling, Andrew Bay, Hugh Henry, John Todd, James Finly, John Brown, John Right, Gilbert Tennent, Daniel Lawrence, Charles McKnight, Job Prudden, Samuel Barker, Conradus Worts, Evander Mor- rison. The Synod was opened by a sermon on 2 Cor. x. 4, preached by IMr. Finly, the last year's moderator. Mr. Davenport was chosen moderator, Mr. Beatty clerk. Mr. Eliab Byram has been removed by death since our last Synod. Adjourned till half an hour after' two of the clock, post meridiem. Concluded with prayer. Eodem Die, Tialf an hour after tioo of the clock, P. M. Post preces sedervM qui supra. The Rev. Mr. Pemberton is removed out of the bounds of this Synod since our last. The reasons given by Messrs. Pierson, Simon Horton, Burr, John Smith, Green, Richards, Caleb Smith, Ayres, Cummins, Moffet, Thane, Prime, Sacket, McCrea, Blair, and Robert Henry, for their absence the last Synod were sus- tained. Messrs. Pierson, Burr, Spencer, Bostwick, William and Charles Tennent, Treat, Rogers, Prime, James Brown, Azariah Horton, Finly, and the modera- tor, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod the year ensuing. tlpou inquiry it was found that the Presbyteries have complied with the order of the Synod, with respect to collections for the college. The Presbytery books of New York and New Castle were brought to the Synod according to order, the others being forgot, are ordered to be brought the next Synod. 3Ir. Finly and Mr. Rogers are appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New York, and Mr. Bostwick and Mr. Jones the Presbytery book of New Castle, and make report thereof before the conclusion of this Synod. The clerk reported, that he complied with the order of the Synod, and de- livered their letter into the Synod of Philadelphia. A letter from the Synod of Philadelphia was brought in and read, the con- sideration whereof was deferred till the next sederunt. The clerk certified the Synod, that he had complied with their order, and gave copies of the plan of their first constitution to the persons who requested them. The committee appointed by our last Synod to go to New Y'"ork, make report, that they complied with said appointment, and presented the minutes of their proceedings, which being read were approved and are as follows.* * The committee of the Synod met according to appointment, Neiv York, October 24-, 1753. Ministers present: Messrs. William Tennent, Aaron Burr, Charles Beatty, David Bos- wick, Elihu Spencer, Caleb Smith. Elder : Mr. Samuel Kerr. 260 MINUTES OF THE [1754. The appointments of the last Synod, with respect to supplying Philadelphia, were well fulfilled. And also those for Hanover, except Mr. Brainerd and Mr. Bay, whose reasons for omission were sustained. Ministers absent : Messrs. Richard Treat, Samuel Davies, and John Rogers. Mr. Tennent was chosen moderator, Mr. Bostwick clerk. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Adjourned to three of the clock, P. M., and then to meet at the house of Mr. PemTDcr- ton. Concluded with prayer. Three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Several members of the Presbyterian congregation at New York, laid before the com- mittee a remonstrance, containing sundry articles of grievance which they labour under from the past and present management of their ecclesiastical affairs. The committee having distinctly and impartially ^nsidered the several articles of complaint, came to the following conclusions, viz : 1. As to the two first articles complaining of the neglect of ministerial visits, and ex- amining into the lives and conversations of the people, it appears by the representation made by Mr. Pemberton, that he has made conscience of his duty in these respects, though of late he has, by reason of the divisions subsisting among his people, desisted from it ; we therefore earnestly recommend his persisting in that important part of his ministerial labours, and that he be not discouraged by any disagreeable appearances among them. 2. As to the third article against the session concerning the new version of the psalms, the committee cannot think it regular for the ministers and elders to introduce a new version, without the express consent and approbation of the majority of the congrega- tion ; yet since Dr. Watts's version is introduced in this church, and is well adapted for Christian worship, and received by many Presbyterian congregations, both in America and Great Britain, they cannot but judge it best for the well being of the congregation under their present circumstances, that they should be continued. 3. As to the fourth article complaining of the neglect of the Westminster Confession, and not recommending of it in baptism, the committee conceive that the vote of the Synod, as to the latter, is sufficient ; and Mr. Pemberton's declaring his high approba- tion of said Confession, and public teaching the Westminster Catechisms, ought to be satisfying to all. 4. As to praying at the burial of the dead, since it is not practised but at the request of those concerned, and all are left at their liberty to request it or not ; the committee think it no just matter of offence, especially as it is frequently practised by the Presby- terian ministers in this country, and the reasons for which the General Assembly, (in the early times of reformation from popery,) prohibited it, are now evidently ceased. 5. As to the singing anthems, &c., though the committee cannot disapprove of them at proper seasons, yet lest it should tend to take off the minds of persons from the important things they have heard in the house of God, and as it seems matter of conscience to some, the committee judge it advisable to forbear the practice on the Lord's day. 6. As to the article complaining of injurious and contemptuous treatment ; the com- mittee are much grieved to find that there has been so much of it on both sides, during the unhappy disputes that have subsisted among them, and do earnestly recommend mu- tual forgiveness, forbearance, and moderation towards one another, as the most likely method to promote peace and unanimity among them. Adjourned till to-morrow at eleven of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 2^th day, at eleven of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Messrs. Pemberton and Gumming requested a dismission from their pastoral relation to this church. Mr. Pemberton ofl'ered as his reasons, the unhappy divisions subsisting among the people, the appearances of some dissatisfaction with him, and the little prospect of success in his ministerial labours. Mr. Gumming oflered, that his low state of health would not allow him to go on with his work in the present divided and confused state of the congregation. The committee proposed to the people whether they had any thing to object against the dismission of their ministers. A number of gentle- men in the behalf of others, strongly remonstrated against Mr. Pemberton's dismission, as endangering the peace of the congregation. The committee do judge the continuance of Mr. Pemberton, under the present circumstances of the congregation, to be necessary, and are in hopes that the present confusion in the congregation, and seeming dissatisfac- tion of some that hinder the success of his labours, will be removed. But at Mr. Pern- 1754.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 261 Mr. Sacket has leave to go home, as also hath Mr. Green. Adjourned till eight of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 2101 day, at eitjht of the dock, A. 3f. Post preces sederunt qui svpra. (Excepting Mr. Sacket.) The committee appuinted to revise the Presbytery books are not prepared to give in their report, and are ordered to be ready against the next sederunt if they can. Mr. Ross, a minister from New England being present, was desired to sit as correspondent. The letter from the Synod of Philadelphia, respecting our union with them, was taken into consideration, and in compliance with their desire therein ex- pressed, the Synod appoint Messrs. Aaron Burr, David Bostwick, William Ten- nent, Bichard Treat, Samuel Finly, and John Blair, to be a committee to attend the next session of the Synod of Philadelphia, in order to confer with them about said union, in which they are to conclude nothing inconsistent with our former proposals. Upon the request of some members of the congregation of New York, the Synod do appoint Messrs. Finly and Blair to supply the said congregation the next Sabbath. Messrs. Simon Horton and Richards are absent without leave. A letter from Hanover in Virginia, requesting further supplies until their pastor returns, was laid before the Synod, in answer to which the Synod ap- points Mr. Greenman to supply them from the fourth Sabbath of November until and including the last Sabbath of February next, and recommend it to the Presbytery of New Castle, to supply said congregation the preceding and remaining time. And the Synod doth appoint Mr. Clark, a candidate in the Presbytery of New York, to supply Mr. Greenman's congregation from the time of his first absence unto the last Sabbath of January. Application was also made to the Synod in behalf of Mr. Gilbert Tennent's congregation in Philadelphia, for supplies until their pastor returns from Great Britain ; in compliance with which the Synod appoint Mr. Prime to supply the fonj Sabbaths in November next ; Mr. Blair the first four Sabbaths in Decem- ber ; Mr. Treat the last in December and three fii-st in January ; Mr. Rogers the last in January and three first in February ; Mr. William Tennent the last in February and three first in March ; Mr. Davenport the two last in March, and two first in June ; Mr. Bewel the four Sabbaths in April ; Mr. Burr the berton's earnest request, the committee, (being sensible of the many special difficulties he labours under,) allow him a month's time of trial, and if upon a faithful endeavour to heal the divisions and serve the interest of Christ's kingdom among them, he finds all hig attempts vain, and still continues his desire of a dismission, they judge it best he should be left at liberty to remove from or abide with them, as he shall think most consistent with his duty. As to Mr. Gumming, since no reasons have been offered to the committee against his dismission, the committee do judge from what has appeared to them, and for the reasons urged by him, that his pastoral relation to the Presbyterian congregation in New York should be dissolved, and it is hereby dissolved accordingly. It is with pleasure the com- mittee observe that there has been no objection against Mr. Cumming's moral conduct or ministerial labours ; they do, therefore, freely recommend him, (if God shall please to restore his health,) to any Christian congregation where Divine Providence may call him, as a man of eminent ministerial gifts and abilities, and one whom they think in many respects fitted for special service in the church of Christ. And the committee do recom- mend it to the congregation as their indispensable duty, that they make up all the arrears of salary they promised to give to Mr. Gumming. Concluded with prayer. 262 MINUTES OF THE [1755. four Sabbaths in May ; Mr. Finly the last two in June and two first in July ; Mr. John Smith the three last in July and first in August ; Mr. Jones the three last in August and first in September ; Mr. Spencer the four last in September. And in case any of the members fail, it is recommended to the several Presbyte- ries to which they respectively belong, to take proper care that others be sent in their room. The Synod taking into consideration the destitute condition of Virginia and North Carolina, as it hath been represented unto them, do appoint Messrs - Beatty, Bostwick, Lewis, and Thane, each of them to make a visit to those parts, for the space of three months, and the seasons to be agreed upon by themselves. In order to supply Mr. Beatty's congregation, the Synod appoints Mr. Moffet to supply the month of November, (he concluding to set ofi" in the beginning of said month,) and Mr. Azariah Horton the four first Sabbaths of December; that Mr. Allen supply Mr. Lewis's congregation the month of January, and Mr. McCrea the month of February. Adjourned till half an hour after two of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Eodem Die, half an hour after two o'clocic, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Together with Mr. Allen, whose absence hitherto is excused. The Presbytery book of New York being revised was approved. The supplying Mr. Thane's congregation during his journey to Virginia, &c. is recommended to the Presbytery of New York, as they shall judge needful. With respect unto Mr. Bostwick's congregation, the Synod appoint Mr. Cumming to supply it three Sabbaths during his absence, and Mr. Simon Horton three Sabbaths, Mr. Dagget two Sabbaths, and Mr. Park two Sab- baths. The Synod also appoint the Presbytery of Suffolk to supply Mr. Bewel's congregation during the time he supplies in Philadelphia. The Synod do agree, that hereafter there shall be a committee of overtures appointed at the beginning of the Synod, and that all new business shall first be laid before said committee, in order by them to be laid before the Synod. Pursuant to the order of the last Synod for a collection by the several minis- ters of their body, the following members brought their collections, viz. Messrs. Burr, Jones, Bostwick, Thane, Azariah Horton, Davenport, William Tennent, Lewis, Bead, Kennedy, Hunter, Beatty, Treat, Robert Henry, Greenman, Finly, Blair, Rogers, and Robert Smith, all which amounted to nine pounds, sixteen shillings, and nine pence, provincial currency, and was committed into the hands of Mr. Treat, as their treasurer. Adjourned to the first of October, to meet at Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 1755. The Synod met according to appointment. Philadelphia, October 1st, 1755. U hi post preces sederunt Ministers of New York Presbytery : Messrs. Aaron Burr, Azariah Horton, Elihu Spencer, Jacob Green, John Brainerd. Elders : Samuel Lum, Joseph Ogden, Joseph Tuttle. Ministers absent: Messrs. John Pierson, Timothy Jones, Simon Horton, 1755.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 263 Timothy Allen, David Bostwick, Caleb Smith, Aaron Eichards, Alexander Cummins, Chancey Cirabam, Jonathan Elmore, Enos Ayers, John Moffat, John Smith, Daniel Thiine, John Maltby, Hugh Knox. Ministers of New Drunswick Presbytery : Messrs. James McCrea, James Davenport, Charles McKnight, Thomas Lewis, Israel Read, Samuel Harker, Samuel Kennedy. Elders : John Adams, Gilbert Hendrickson, Robert Moore, George Warner, Thomas Coone. Ministers absent : Messrs. William Tennent, Job Prudden, Conradus Worts. Suffolk Presbytery : All ab.sent. Abington Presbytery, ministers : Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, Daniel Lawrence, Benjamin Chesnut, Charles Beatty. Polders : Thomas Bourn, William Adams, Thomas Francis, Isaac Mills, John Wigton. Ministers absent : Messrs. Nehemiah Greenman, Henry Marten. New Castle Presbytery, ministers : Messrs. Evander Morrison, James Camp- bell, Samuel Fiuley, Samuel Davies, John Roan, Andrew Bay, John Rodgers, James Finley, John Hogge, John Blair, Robert Smith. Elders : John Kirkpatrick, Philip Davies, William Bell, John Withrow, David Stewart, Benjamin BIyth, Charles Vance, Thomas Sharp, William McCrea. Ministers absent : Messrs. Charles Tennent, Alexander Craighead, Andrew Sterling, Hugh Henry, Robert Henry, John Brown, John Wright, John Todd. The Synod was opened by a sermon from 2 Cor. iv. 1, preached by Mr. Davenport, the last yeai-'s moderator. Mr. Burr is chosen moderator for the ensuing year, Mr. Davies clerk. Mr. Edwards is desired to sit with this Synod as correspondent. The reasons of the absence from last Synod, of the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Campbell, Roan, Davies, Bay, Todd, James Finley, Gilbert Tennent, John Wright, Lawrence, McKnight, Harker, and Morrison, are sustained. The reasons of absence from this Synod, of Messrs. Pierson, William Tennent, Greenman, Todd, Bostwick, Jones, Smith, Richards, and Simon Horton, being related by some members present, are sustained. Messrs. Pierson, Spencer, Bostwick, Gilbert, William and Charles Ten- nent, Treat, Davenport, Rogers, Prime, Brown, Azariah Horton, Samuel Finly, and the moderator, are appointed to be a commission of the Synod for the year ensuing. The Synod finding there is but one Presbytery book present, it is ordered that all the books be brought by each Presbytery at the meeting of the next Synod. The committee appointed to attend upon the Synod of Philadelphia, to con- fer with them upon the head of the union, do make report, that they complied with said appointment, and after conference had with a committee of that Synod upon that head, and after hearing several things offered in relation thereto, desired that Synod to send their proposals in writing to this Synod to be con- sidered at their next meeting. Mr. Simon Horton' s reason for absence from the last Synod without leave, is sustained. Mr. Greenman's appointment to supply Hanover was complied with; as also the supplies appointed for Philadelphia, till Mr. Tennent's return from Great Britain. Messrs. Beatty and Thane have fulfilled their appointments to go to Vir- ginia and Carolina; and Mr. Lewis's reasons for non-compliance, are sus- tained. 264 MINUTES OF THE [1755. Mr. Azariah Horton supplies Mr. Beatty's congregation in his absence, according to appointment. As Mr. Mofikt did not comply with the appointment of Synod in his sup- plies, the Synod order the Presbytery of New York to inquire into the rea- sons of his omission. Messrs. Blair, Azariah Horton, Rogers, Davenport, Morrison, Beatty, and Davies, are appointed a committee of overtures, and for any other business the Synod shall recommend unto them, and that they meet to-morrow morning, at eight of the clock and Mr. Davies moderator. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 2d day. Nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. Marten, Read, Charles Tennent, and Worts, are come, and the reasons of their absence yesterday are sustained. A reference was brought into the Synod by the Presbytery of New York, concerning the removal of Mr. Bostwick from Jamaica, by a call from the Presbyterian congregation of New York, and the settling the order and disci- pline of said church, which, after reading several papers, and hearing what was oflFered in relation thereto, was deferred till the next sederunt, for further consideration. Application being made to the Synod from the trustees of New Jersey col- lege, for a general collection in all their congregations for the use of said col- lege, the Synod do recommend it to their several Presbyteries, to take such measures as they judge proper to make collections in the congregations within their respective bounds, for the use of the college of New Jersey betwixt this and the next Synod, and send such collections by some proper hand to the Synod. Adjourned till four of the clock, P, M. Concluded with prayer. Four of the clocTe, P. M. Post preces sederunt qid supra. The afiair of New York reassumed, but for want of time to go through with it, it is referred to the next sederunt. Upon sundry petitions from various parts of North Carolina, setting forth their distressed circumstances for want of a preached gospel among them, and requesting help from this Synod, Messrs. Brainerd and Spencer are appointed to take a journey thither before winter, and supply the vacant congregations there, and in parts adjacent, for six months, or as long as they shall think ne- cessary ; and the appointment of supplies for Mr. Spencer's congregation is refer- red till to-morrow. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at half an hour after eight of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 3c? day. Half an hour after eight of tJie clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Except the Rev. Messrs. Burr, Brainerd, McKnight, and Lawrence, who were permitted to go away. The moderator being gone, Mr. Treat was desired to take his place at this season. A petition was brought into the Synod setting forth the necessity of erecting a new Presbytery in Virginia, the Synod therefore appoint the Rev. Samuel Davies, John Todd, Alexander Craighead, Robert Henry, John Wright, and John Brown, to be a Presbytery, under the name of the Presbytery 1755.] SYNOD or NEW TOEK. 265 of Hanover, and that their first meeting shall be in Hanover, on the first "Wednesday of December next, and that Mr. Davies open said meeting by a sermon ; and that any of their members settling to the southward and west- ward of Mr. Hogge's congi-egation, shall have liberty to join said Presbytery of Hanover. The affair from New York reassumed, and as there was not time to finish it, it is referred till the afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three of the docli, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui mpra. The affair from New York reassumed, and the Synod having fully heard and discussed said affair, do appoint Messrs. Spencei', Samuel Finley, and the clerk, to draw up the judgment of the Synod thereupon, against eight of the clock this evening. The Synod appoint Mr. Clark to take a journey into Virginia and North Carolina, to supply the vacancies there for sis months, betwixt this and next Synod, particularly at Rocky River and Sugar Creek, at the Hawfields, Enno, Ilico, and Dan Rivers. A paper was presented to the Synod containing an account of sundry gene- rous and valuable donations from divers friends in England, for the education of pious, indigent youth, for the gospel ministry, which the Synod, in order .t/* express their gratitude for, as well as for the security of the same for th^ pur- poses aforesaid, order to be recorded in their minutes, and are as follows. To the Reverend Synod of New York, The annual interest of the following donations was appropriated by the donors, for the education of such youth for the ministry of the gospel, in the College of New Jersey, as are unable to defray the expenses of their education, who appear, upon proper examination, to be of promising genius, Calvinistic prin- ciples, and in the judgment of charity, experimentally acquainted with a work of saving gi-ace, and to have a distinguished zeal for the glory of God, and salvation of men. Loyidon. IMr. Saniuel Savage, Mrs. Rachel Spellerberg, Mr. William Wetmore Robert Cruttenden, Esquire, . Rev. Mr. Ziegenhagen, Rev. Samuel Pike, Rev. George TurnbuU, Mr. Joseph Williams, of Kidderminster, Mr. x\ustin, of ditto Mr. Joseph Field, Mr. Cruttenden' s Friend, . Mr. Henry Carrington, Mr. Carrington Bowles, Mr. Dennis Debert, Mr. James Cox, Mr. William Fuller, Daniel Booth, Esquire, Rev. Thomas Gibbons, and some of his friends. Rev. Thomas Hall, and some of his friends, Mr. Joseph Hartwell, .... 34 £ s. d. 10 10 50 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 1 1 5 5 3 12 1 1 5 5 3 3 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 12 12 15 15 2 2 266 MINUTES OF THE [1755. 5 5 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 10 10 . 23 9 27 5 6 . 46 5 5 1 1 20 10 6 £296 17 London. Mr. John Bowles, Mr. Furnell, Mr. Skinner, Mr. Jonathan Eade, .... Mr. Shirly Wolmer, .... Mr. James English, .... The Independent Congregation in Ipswich, . Rev. Mr. Frost's Congregation in Yarmouth, Rev. Mr. Davidson's Congregation in Braintre, Rev. Mr. Fosket in Bristol,* Mr. Lunel in Dublin, .... Rev. Mr. Ogilvie in New Castle, Sum total, The above sum of two hundred and ninety-six pounds, seventeen shillings, sterling, being given in trust to us, the subscribers, with design that the annual interest thereof for ever be applied for the use aforesaid : We do, by virtue of said trust, put the said sum into the hands of the trustees of the College of ^'^ew Jersey, in trust, to be applied to the education of such youth, of the cha- ractei above mentioned, as shall be examined and approved of by the Synod of New York, (or by what name soever that body of men may be hereafter called,) and by them recommended to the trustees of said college, and to be divided among such youth in such proportion as said Synod shall think fit. Witness our hands, Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Da vies. London, October 25th, 1754. November 1st, 1754. Received by the Rev. Mr. Pye, of Sheffield, the addi- tional sum of ten pounds, seven shillings, and six pence, sterling, to be applied as above directed. Total three hundred and seven pounds, four shillings, and six pence, ster- ling. Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Davies. For the education of youth of the character aforesaid. Samuel Ruggles, Esquire, of Bocking, fifty pounds. The above sum of fifty pounds sterling, being given in trust to us, the sub- scribers, with design that the principal be applied as soon as occasion requireth, for the education of youth of the characters before described : We do, by vir- tue of said trust, put the said sum into the hands of said trustees, for the use, and under the direction of the Synod of New York, as aforesaid. Witness our hands, London, October 25, 1754. Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Davies. The Synod appoint that such youth as may be candidates for this benefac- tion, be examined by the Synod at their annual meeting. Mr. Gilbert Tennent reported to the Synod that he has lately received a bill for two hundred pounds sterling, generously given for the propagation of the gospel among the Indians, and to be under the direction of this Synod. * The Rev. Mr. Fosket, the donor, expressly ordered, that his donation be applied to the education of poor pious youth, of Calviuistic principles, of every denomination of Protestants. 1755.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 267 The Synod do appoint the Rev. Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Samuel Finly, Green, Spencer, and Davies, to draw up a plan for the application of the money contributed in Great Britain for the use of the Indians, and lay the same before the Synod, before the end of their present session. The same committee ap- pointed to draw up certificates for those ministers who are appointed to go to the southward. The Synod appoint the Presbytery of New York to draw up a certificate for Mr. Clark, being a candidate belonging unto them. The committee appointed to draw up the judgment of the Synod on the affair of New York, presented what they had written, which, with some amendments, was approved, and is as follows, viz. The Synod having heard and maturely considered the sundry complaints and requests of both parties from the Presbyterian congregation in New York, come to the following conclusions thereon : That though the Synod upon former inquiry did find that the trustees have faithfully discharged their trust, and are still of the same judgment, yet as there has been a mutual agreement between the trustees and those dissatisfied with that constitution, that as soon as the debts of the church are paid, they should no longer be elected in their present form ; the Synod approve of said agree- ment, and judge, that if the congregation think it expedient to have a commit- tee for the management of their temporal concerns, the said committee shall be chosen after that time, by the ministers, elders, and deacons, with the consent of the congregation, and accountable to them for their conduct. And in order the more speedily to discharge the said debts, the Synod recommend it to the congregation to pay punctually, and as soon as possible, the pew rents that may be due. And that the affairs of the congregation may be carried on with greater regularity, the Synod also recommend it to them to choose a greater number of elders and deacons as soon as they conveniently can. That as there is a number of the congregation much dissatisfied with the con- stant use of Dr. Watts's version of the Psalms, and earnestly desirous that the Scotch version should be used, and as mutual forbearance and condescension in such cases, is a duty which Christians owe to one another, and is necessary to preserve the peace of society, the Synod determine that the Scotch version be used equally with the other in the stated public worship on the Lord's days. That previously to the administration of baptism, the minister shall inquire into the parents' knowledge of the great and fundamental doctrines of the gos- pel, and the regularity of their life ; and being satisfied so as to admit them, shall in public point out the special duties of the parents, and particularly, that they teach their children the doctrines and precepts of Christianity, contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, and comprised in the West- minster Confession of Faith and Catechisms : which therefore he shall recom- mend unto them. That whereas complaint has been made of a number assuming the name of the Scotch Presbyterian Society, it shall be deemed irregular and censurable for any part of the congregation to form a party, and consider themselves as a society distinct from the rest of the congregation. That as to the removal of Mr. Bostwick, the congregation of Jamaica not being prepared to make a representation on this head, the Synod appoints the following members, viz. Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, Prime, William Tennent, Burr, Treat, Davenport, John Smith of Rye, McCrea, Beatty, Hunter, Allen, Read, Buel, Sacket, Brown, Lewis, and Rodgers, to be their committee, to meet at Jamaica, on the 29th of this instant October, to determine that affair, and any other matters relative to it, that may come before them. Adjourned till nine of the clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 268 MINUTES OF THE [1755. 4:tJi day, at nine of the dock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Except Messrs. Lewis, Campbell, and Hogge, who have obtained leave to go home. The Synod recommend it to all the members, excepting such who live so near the place of meeting that they can go to their congregations after twelve of the clock on Saturday, and return again by ten of the clock on jMonday, that they do not make any appointments to preach on the Lord's day following the Synod, or so pre-engage themselves as to be obliged to return before the conclusion of the Synod, in any time coming. A letter from the Synod of Philadelphia, concerning an union with this Synod, was read, [See page 218,] and after much debate and consultation had upon it, it was referred to a committee to draw up an answer against next Mon- day morning, at ten of the clocSi, and that those members that remain in town this afternoon be a committee for that purpose. Adjourned till Monday morning, at ten of the clock. Concluded with prayer. October 6, ten of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. In order to supply the congregations of those ministers, who are to go to the southward, the Synod appoint the Presbyteries of New Brunswick and Abington to supply within the bounds of New York Presbytery each four Sabbaths. And that the Presbytery of Suffolk supply either New York or Jamaica, as need shall be, each member two Sabbaths. As the present critical and alarming situation of the country, requires par- ticular applications to heaven, the Synod recommend it to all the Presbyteries to appoint a day, when they think proper, to be religiously observed, either in thanksgiving or humiliation, as the posture of affairs may then require. Mr. Charles Tennent is appointed to preach in Philadelphia the first Sabbath in November, in the room of Mr. Gilbert Tennent, who is to be from home on the appointment to Jamaica. The committee appointed to draw up an answer to the minute of Philadelphia Synod, make report, that they have not been able yet to complete it, but expect to be ready against the next sederunt. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three of the clock, P. M. Post p)reces sederunt qui supra. The committee brought in their answer to the Synod of Philadelphia, which was carefully examined, but there not being time to finish it, the further con- sideration of it is referred till to-morrow. The following ministers, viz : Messrs. Burr, Charles Tennent, Rogers, Piobert Smith, Davies, Azariah Horton, Davenport, Ilunter, McKnight, and Kennedy, brought collections into the Synod, in all amounting to five pounds four shil- lings provincial, and it is committed to Mr. Treat their treasurer. Adjourned till nine of the clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 7 th day, at nine of the clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. (Except Messrs. Roan, Smith, and James Finly, and Charles Vance, who had leave to go away.) The answer to the Synod of Philadelphia was again taken under consideration, together with a plan of proposals for an union, and Messrs. Samuel Finly and Blair are appointed to finish the plan and brir.g it in at the next sederunt. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 1756.] SYNOD OF NEW YORK. 269 Eodem Die, three of the clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. Finly and Blair brought in their answer to the Synod of Philadelphia, and a plan of union, which was read and approved, and is as follows : [This plan of union being already inserted, pages 221, 222, it is not necessary to repeat it here.] The Synod appoint their clerk to transcribe the above answer and plan, and send it in to the Synod of Philadelphia at their next meeting. The committee appointed to draw up a plan for the application of the money generously given for the propagation of the gospel among the Indians, report that the donor of the before-mentioned money, directs it to be put into the bands of the trustees of the college of New Jersey and their successors in tnist, for the uses and purposes hereafter mentioned, viz : '' Either towards the sup- port of a pious and well qualified missionary in preaching the gospel among the Indians in North America, or the supporting of a pious and well qualified schoolmaster in teaching the Indians the English language, and the principles of natural and revealed religion ; or for maintaining a pious and well qualified Indian youth at the college of New Jersey, while prosecuting his studies there, in order to his instructing his countrymen in the English language and the Christian religion, or preaching the gospel to them ; or for maintaining a pious and well qualified youth of English or Scotch extract, at that college, during his preparatory studies for teaching or preaching the gospel among the In- dians, in case an Indian youth of suitable qualifications, cannot at some par- ticular time be obtained. With this express limitation, namely, that the Synod of New York, (or by whatever name that body shall, in time coming, be called,) shall direct and determine, to which of the uses before mentioned, the yearly interest of the aforesaid principal sum, shall be from time to time ap- plied ; and which of the candidates for that particular use shall be preferred ; and how the overplus above what may reasonably answer the particular use at any time pitched on, (if any such overplus be,) shall be employed in providing Bibles or other good books, conducive to promote the general design." The Synod agree to follow the directions of the generous donor, and to apply the donation for the purpose intended as soon as possible. It being proposed to form a fund for the use of ministers' widows and orphans, the Synod appoint Messrs. Gilbert Tennent, and Burr, to procure plans against the next Synod ; and they recommend it to their members to use proper means in the interim, to make ministers and people, sensible of its ne- cessity and importance ; and that they come prepared to contribute to it at the next meeting. Adjourned to the day after the next commencement at Newark. Concluded with prayer. 1756. The Synod met according to adjournment. Newark, September 30, 1756. Uhi post preces sederunt Ministers of Suffolk Presbytery: Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Samuel Bewel, James Brown, Samuel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball. Ministers of New York Presbytery : Messrs. John Pierson, Aaron Burr, Simon Horton, Azariah Horton, John Brainerd, Timothy Allen, John Smith, Jacob Green, David Bostwick, Elihu Spencer, Timothy Jones, Daniel Thane, Aaron Richards, Nathaniel Whitaker. Ministers of New Brunswick Presbytery : Messrs. William Tennent, James Davenport, James McCrea, Charles McKnight, Thomas Lewis, Samuel Ken- nedy, Benjamin Hait. 270 MINUTES OF THE [175G. Ministers of Abington Presbytery: Messrs. lllchard Treat, Aixlrew Hunter, Cbnrles Bcatty, Daniel liawronco, Tfcnry Marten. Ministers of New Castle J/resbytcry : Messrs. Samuel Finly, John J>lair, John llodgors. Minist(!rs of flanover Presbytery: Messrs. John Todd, John AVrij^ht. Eld(!rs : (!ira. Mr. Steel is now come with his elder, Jonathan Holmes, his reasons for his absence are sustained. The Synod seriously considering that our nation is involved in an additional war with Spain, and the melancholy state of religion in our churches, do agree that the third Thursday of June be observed as a day of public fasting and prayer in all the congregations under the care of our Synod, where the gov- ernment under which they live has not, or shall not before that time appoint another day for that purpose, that all may humble themselves before Almighty God, to deprecate his just displeasure, and pray for the blessing of heaven on his Majesty's person, counsels, and arms, and for the revival of true piety among us. The supplies for Mr. Beatty's congregation were in general well fulfilled. Mr. Sampson Smith is appointed to supply Neshaminy the fourth Sabbath 316 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1762. of May, Mr. Steel the fifth ; Mr. Carmichael the first Sabbath of June, Mr. Treat the second, Dr. Alison the third, Mr. Halt the fourth ; Mr. Martin the fiii-st Sabbath of July, Mr. Treat the second, Mr. Latta the third, Mr. Ches- nutt the fourth ; Mr. Clark the first Sabbath of August, Mr. Treat the second, Mr. Montgomery the third, Dr. Alison, the fourth, Mr. Simonton the fifth ; Mr. Treat the first of September, Mr. Enoch Green the second, Mr. McDowell the third, and Mr. Roberts the fourth. The committee appointed to consider Mr. Kettletas's afiair met according to appointment, and report as follows : ^'Princeton, September the 29ra. The committee appointed to examine the several Presbyteries' books, brought in their reports, which are as foHows : The Presbytery book of New Brunswick approved except some omissions. The Presbytery book of New York approved except some few inaccuracies. The Presbytery book of Suffolk approved since the time of the union of the two Synods, except that they have neglected to record their candidates udojjting our public standards at licensure, though they inform us it is matter of constant practice that they try and license at the same Pres])ytcry, and in one instance ordained without previous trial or licensure; and that they license for a certain time. Of all which we highly disapprove. The judgment of the committee which met at Little Brit-iin again consid- ered. And after mature deliberation, though we do not doubt the committee acted with the utmost integrity, nevertheless we judge, the censure they in- flicted on Mr. Sampson Smith was not adequate to the crimes stated in their judgment. Messrs. Lewis, Talmagc and Weeks, Mr. Lewis's elder, have leave to go home. Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 23(:Z day, nine o'clock, met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed to meet the corporation for the relief, &c. report, that they met, but as our missionaries did not go to the frontiers there was no money to be disposed of, and they had nothing to do. The Synod not fully understanding the state of the case with respect to the money in the hands of the corporation to be disposed of for pious uses in con- junction with the Synod's committee, we appoint Messrs. Brainerd, Spcnce, Kamsey, and Montgomery, a committee to inspect into the state of that afiair and lay it before our next Synod. The address to the king was presented, and we hear was most graciously received. The appointments for Mr. Gilbert Tennent's congregation were substantially fulfilled. Several supplications from North Carolina were presented by the committee of bills and overtures, earnestly praying for supplies, which were read and ur^ed with several verbal relations representing the state of that country. In consequence thereof, Mr. Charles Jef. Smith, a correspondent with this Synod, informed us, that he intended to undertake a journey to the southward, in which we greatly rejoice, and appoint Mr. Smith to spend as much time as he conveniently can before our next Synod under the direction of the Hanover Presbytery. As the Presbytery of New Brunswick have appointed Mr. Amos Thomp- son to supply for some time in Loudon county, Virginia, after said appoint- ment is fulfilled, we recommend it to Mr. Thompson to supply under the di- rection of Hanover Presbytery till next Synod. Mr. David Caldwell, a can- didate of New Brunswick Presbytery, is appointed to go as soon as possible, but not to defer it longer than next fall, and supply under the direction of the Hanover Presbytery till next Synod. The clerk ordered to give attested copies to these gentlemen of these our orders. The Synod more particularly considering the state of many congregations 340 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1764. to the southward, and particularly North Carolina, and the great importance of having those congregations properly organized, appoint the Rev. Messrs. Elihu Spencer and Alexander McWhorter, to go as our missionaries for that purpose } that they form societies, help them in adjusting their bounds, ordain elders, administer sealing ordinances, instruct the people in discipline, and finally direct them in their after conduct, particularly in what manner they shall proceed to obtain the stated ministry, and whatever else may appear useful or necessary for those churches and the future settlement of the gospel among them. And also, that they assure those people wherever they go, that this Synod has their interest much at heart, and will neglect no opportunities of affording them proper candidates and supplies to the utmost of our power. Ordered, that the clerk give said missionaries an attested copy of this minute, and proper testimonials signed by the moderator and clerk. And that these brethren may not suffer by so long and expensive a journey, the Synod agree to defray their expenses and make them a proper acknowledgment for the damages they may sustain in their domestic affairs; and for this purpose a collection is ordered through our bounds, and each Presbytery required to see it be duly observed. Mr. Mills is ordered to supply Mr. McWhorter' s pulpit three Sabbaths, and the Presbytery of New York the remainder of the time during Mr. McWhorter's absence. And the Presbytery of New Brunswick ordered to supply Mr. Spencer's pulpit during his absence. A request was made from the first Philadelphia Presbytery, also from Mr. Grilbert Tennent and his congregation, praying supplies for said congregation till November. We accordingly appoint the Rev. Mr. Brainerd to supply there the first Sabbath in June, Mr. Enoch Green the second, Mr. Richard Treat the third, Mr. William Tennent, jun'r. the fourth and first in July, Mr. Murray the second, third, fourth, and fifth ; Mr. Rodgers the fiirst Sabbath of August, Mr. Ramsey the second, Mr. Blair the third, Mr. Robert Smith the fourth ; Mr. Kirkpatrick the first Sabbath in September, Mr. Beatty the se- cond, Mr. Richard Treat the third, Mr. Montgomery the fourth, Mr. Hunt the fifth ; Mr. DuflEield the first and second Sabbaths in October, Mr. Guild the third, Mr. Kirkpatrick the fourth; and Mr. Lawrence the first Sabbath of November. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M., met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. A certain John Harris entered an appeal from a judgment of the Presbytery of New Castle, respecting certain complaints exhibited by him and others against the Rev. Mr. Andrew Bay. As this matter cannot be issued here we appoint the Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, Roan, Elder, John Miller, Tate, Samuel Thompson, Beatty, Ramsey, Kirkpatrick, Richard Treat, Montgo- mery, Duffield, and WilHam Tennent, jun'r. a committee to hear and try the merits of the cause, and to issue the whole affair, and to take what methods they may think proper thereto. And that they meet the first day of August, at eleven o'clock, at Deer Creek meeting-house, and that Mr. Montgomery open the committee. Ordered, that the moderator and as many of the mem- bers of New Castle Presbytery as conveniently can, attend the committee. The Synod considering the distressed condition of the frontiers, the calami- ties of an Indian war, and the withholding the influences of the Divine Spirit in a great degree from most of our churches, do agree to observe the second Thursday of June throughout our bounds as a day of fasting and prayer, that 1765.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 341 we may humble ourselves before Almighty God, deprecate his displeasure, and ;' implore the out-pouring of his Holy Spirit. — -' Adjourned till the third "Wednesday in ]May next, at ten o'clock, to meet at the first Presbyterian church in Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 1765. Philadcl})hia, May loth, 1765. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. Ubi post 2}f'eces sederunt Of the Presbytery of Hanover, the Rev. Mr. John Todd. Of the Presbytery of Lcwestown, the Rev. Messrs. John Miller, Matthew "Wilson, John Harris, Joseph ^loutgomery, and Jacob Ker. Of the Presbytery of New Castle, the Rev. Messrs. John Rogers, John Blair, Adam Boyd, Alexander ^McDowal, William McKennau. Of the Presbytery of Donegall, the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Tate, Robert Smith, Sampson Smith. Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, John Brainerd, Charles Beatty, Daniel Lawrence, Benjamin Chestnut, William Ramsey, John Griffith, John Clark. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery, the Rev. Messrs. Robert Cross, Fran- cis Alison, John Ewing, John Simontou, James Latta. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, the Rev. Messrs. Samuel Finley, Elihu Spencer, Benjamin Halt, William Kirkpatrick, John Hannah, Amos Thomp- son, Enoch Green. Of the Presbytery of New York, the Rev. Messrs. A. Horton, Benjamin Woodrofi", Alexander McWhorter, Joseph Treat, James Caldwell, Nathan Ker. Of the Presbytery of Sufi'olk, the Rev. Messrs. Thomas Lewis and William Mills. Elders : Messrs. Gill, Belcher, Barker, John Maxfield, William Skirvin, Je- rome Duchane, James Anderson, Hugh Wilson, John Wigton, John Walter, John Wallace, Thomas McKean, William Allen, Nehemiah Baldwin, Garret Noel, Samuel Woodrofi", Joseph Akin. Of New Brunswick Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Guild, McKnight, McCrea, Reed, William Tennent, Job Prudden, Thomas Smith. Of Suffolk Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Prime, White, Buel, Barker, Brown, Talmage, Paine, Reeve, Occum, and Goldsmith. Of Donegall Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Elder, Thompson, Steel, Rowan, Hogg, Duffield, Strain, McMordie, Beard, Hunt. Of Hanover Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Black, Craig, Brown, Patillo, McCadden, Waddel, Rice. Of Lewes Presbytery, absent, Mr. Charles Tennent. Of New York Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Pierson, Jones, Green, Darby, Richards, Roe, Elmure, Packhurst, Moffat, Brush, Tuttle, Peppard, Simon Horton, Knox, and Malby. Of New Castle Presbytery, absent, Messrs. Hutchinson, James Finley, Car- michael, and Sterling. Of Philadelphia first Presbytery, Nehemiah Greenman. The moderator opened the Synod with a sermon from Tit. iii. 8. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. John Miller was chosen moderator, and; having received the usual charge, took the chair. Mr. John Ewing was chosen clerk, and Mr. Kirkpatrick for his assistant. 342 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1765. The reasons of the absence of Messrs. Kirkpatrick, Hunter, Hannah, Ches- nut, and of the whole second Presbytery of Philadelphia, and of Messrs. Boyd, Blair, McDowal, Sampson Smith, Miller, Wilson, Harris, Todd, from our last Synod, were sustained. Mr. Bay was desired to give his reasons in writing to the Synod, for his ab- sence since the year 1758, to-morrow morning. Mr. Tate excused for not attending last year. The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report that the Rev. Gilbert Tennent is dead since our last. The Presbytery of New Brunswick report, that they have ordained Messrs. James Lyon and John Roxborough to the work of the ministry, and that they have licensed Simon Williams. The Presbytery of New York report, that they have ordained the Rev. Mr. Francis Peppard to the work of the ministry ; and that the Rev. Mr. Enos Airs is dead since our last ; and that the Rev. Mr. Kettletas has withdrawn from this body. Sufi"olk Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the min- istry Mr. Benjamin Goldsmith. New Castle Presbytery report, that they have deposed Mr. Andrew Sterling and licensed Mr. Samuel Blair. Donegall Presbytery report, that they licensed Mr. Robert Cooper to preach the gospel. Lewes Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. Alexander Huston, who, being present, took his seat in the Synod ; and that they have licensed Mr. Thomas McCrackan. Hanover Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. David Rice, and licensed Mr. James Creswell. The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they licensed Mr. James Leng to preach the gospel in the year 1764. The Synod appoints for a committee of overtures, the Rev. Messrs. Tate, Todd, Wilson, Rodgers, Lawrence, Latta, Hoit, McWhorter, and Mills ; Elders John Maxwell, Nehemiah Baldwine, and John Wigton, to meet at six o'clock to-morrow morning, and by adjournments, from time to time, at this house. Ordered, That the Presbytery book of New Brunswick be examined by Messrs. Caldwell and Beatty ; that of Donegall by Messrs. Ramsey and Blair ; that of York by Messrs. Lewis and James Finley ; that of the second Presby- tery of Philadelphia by Messrs. McDowal and Horton. The Presbytery books of Sufi"olk, Lewes, and Hanover, are not here. The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hands of the trea- surer of New Jersey College, appropriated for the education of poor and pious youth, brought in a state of their accounts since the year 1758, which is as follows : 1758, Nov. 23. Paid by the treasurer to Mr. William Tennent for the use of Mr. Leslie, ... For Mr. Carmichael, . - - - - 1759, Nov. 23. To Mr. Carmichael, 1760, June 11. To President Davies, for the use of Mr. Blair, 1761, Aug. 3. To Mr. Rosborough, per order, ... 1762, May 25. To do. per order, 1763, Aug. 26. To Mr. Robert Cooper, per order, - - " - 1764, July 5. To do. per order, - Nov. 13. To Samuel Leak, per order, ... - £13 14 15 1 10 00 20 00 30 00 14 00 20 00 13 00 40 00 £174 15 1 £27 15 13 00 12 00 180 00 1 282 15 174 15 1 1 1765.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 343 Per Contra. 1758, Oct. By interest in hand, 17(32, July 2. By cash returned by Mr. Leslie, 17(35, Jan. 20. By do. per do. ... Oct. By interest on the capital, £500, from Oct. 1758, at 6 per cent, till Oct. 1764 Total credit, Paid, Balance, £58 00 The Synod appoint Dr. Finley and Messrs. "William Tennent, John Guild, Brainerd, Blair, Kirkpatriek, Ewing, Beatty, and Treat, to be a committee to dispose of the balance of said fund, which may be in their hands September next, and they are to meet at Princeton the third Tuesday of August next. The Synod appoint for their commission the ensuing year, Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Beatty, Ewing, Dr. Finley, Blair, Boyd, Tate, Elder, Robert Smith, William Tennent, Guild, Azarias Horton, Brown, Spencer, Brainerd, Rodgers, Hunter, McDowal, and Jones, with the moderator ; ciders John Wal- lace, Samuel Woodroif, Garret Noel, Jerome Duchane, and John Maxwell ; thirteen of whom, including the moderator, shall be a quorum ; but if the moderator die, or be absent, the fii-st on the roll mentioned in the minute, shall have power to call the commission and to preside. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. \Qth May, at nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to their ad' journment. Ubi jpost preces sederunt qui supra. With the Rev. Messrs. William Tennent, Carmichael, Charles Tennent, Wil- liam Tennent, jun.. Beard, James Finley, Rowan, Strain, and Steel : elders William McConkey, Walter Stewart, David Patten, Alexander McClure, Fran- cis Alexander. Mr. Dutfield was also present. Mr. McMordie is come, and the reasons of his absence last year were sus- tained. Mr. Bay brought in the reasons of his absence from Synod since the year 1758, and the Synod earnestly recommend it to him to be more punctual in future attendance upon the judicatures of this church. The committee of correspondence with the foreign churches did no business by reason of the few members attending. The Synod appoint Dr. Alison, Dr. Finley, and Messrs. Treat, McDowal, and Beatty, to prepare a plan of correspondence to be laid before the Synod as soon as convenient. The several Presbyteries are desired to lay before the Synod the account of the money they have collected for the Indian school to-morrow afternoon. Mr. Brainerd is appointed to receive the money in the hands of the trustees of New Jersey College for Indian affairs for the ensuing year, as an addition to his salary. Mr. Caldwell fulfilled appointments under the direction of the Hanover Pres- bytery. Messrs. Spencer and McWhorter fulfilled their mission to the southward. Mr, McWhorter's pulpit was supplied during his absence, and the Presbytery of Brunswick were satisfied with the care taken to supply Mr. Spencer's people. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 344 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1765. At three dcloch, P. M. the Synod met. JJhi 'post preces sederunt qui supra. With the Eev. Mr. John Elder, and Henry Knox, his elder. Ordered, That Dr. Alison, Dr. Finley, and Messrs. Treat, Beatty, Wallace, and WoodrofF, be a committee to converse with Mr. Spencer, and Mr. Mc- Whorter concerning the expenses of their mission, and make report to the Synod to-morrow morning, that the Synod may be able to judge what they should do further both for the said missionaries, and for the settlement of gospel ministers in Carolina. Messrs. Blair and McDowal are appointed to draw up an answer to the fourth query under our consideration, to be submitted to the judgment of the Synod to-morrow morning The affair of Psalmody is next to be considered. Mr. Hunt is now come, with ^his elder, Francis Armstrong. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 17th of May, at nine o^cloch, A. 31. tJie Synod met. Uhi j>ost preces sede- runt qtd supra. Mr. Gilbert Belcher Parker is gone home. The committee appointed to converse with Messrs, Spencer and Mc Whorter request time till Tuesday morning for further conversation with them. The Synod finding some obscurity in the answer given last year to the fourth query, {yid. p. 337,) they have agreed to explain it further in the fol- lowing words : It is undoubtedly the right of Presbyteries to converse with any probationer, or minister from foreign parts, as far as they may find it necessary to give them satisfaction, and not receive him implicitly on a certificate, however fair and regular, together with his general profession of adopting the Westminster Con- fession and Catechisms. But if such probationer, or minister, shall come from a church or judicature generally suspected, or known to be erroneous, or lax and negligent with respect to the moral conduct or piety of their candidates, or members ; or if they shall come from any number of ministers who may con- vene without any regular constitution, merely for the purpose of licensing or ordaining particular persons ; in that case a certificate from such a judicature, and such a general profession of the party's adopting the Confession of Faith, is still less satisfactory, and renders it highly necessary for the Presbytery to which application shall be made, to be more particular and exact in examining the principles of such a probationer, or minister, before they admit him, or em- ploy him in their bounds. The affair of psalmody being resumed. Dr. Finley and Mr. McDowell are appointed to draw up a minute relating to that affair, before our next. An appeal from the judgment of Donegall Presbytery concerning the mode of, setting elders apart to their office came under consideration, and the Synod ap- point the clerk to draw up a minute concerning it, to be laid before our Synod at their next meeting. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clocTc, P. M. the Synod met. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. The clerk according to appointment brought in the following minute, which was approved : The Synod having heard the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, in April, 1761, concerning the mode of setting elders apart to their office in one 1765.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 345 of the Presbyterian churches in Carlisle, together with the reasons of the ap- peal to the Synod from said judgment, do, upon the whole, approve of the Presbytery's judgment, and also uf their caution to prevent any bad conse- quences that might arise from a deviation from that mode which has been commonly used in this church, and which is highly proper on such occasions, although we wish that they had expressed their caution in stronger terms. We judge that the elders choseu at that time are clothed with sufficient autho- rity to act in the office of elders in the church, as they actually acquiesced in the election of the people, and in their appointment to the office ; and we judge that the consent of the persons to undertake the office should be neces- sarily obtained. And though it appears it was substantially obtained in the present case, yet we are of opinion that it had been more eligible, and more for the peace and edification of the church, if their public and explicit consent to undertake and execute that office had been taken in the face of the congre- gation. And we hope that the Presbytery will observe their own directions for the future. The account of money collected for the Indian school further deferred. The committee according to appointment brought in a minute respecting psalmody, which being read and amended, is as follows : After some consideration of the query concerning the use of Dr. Watts's imitation of the Psalms, the Synod judged it best, in present circumstances, only to declare that they look on the inspired Psalms in Scripture, to be pro- per matter to be sung in Divine worship, according to their original design and the practice of the Christian churches, yet will not forbid those to use the imitation of them whose judgment and inclination lead them to do so. Mr. Adam Boyd had leave to go home. A reference from the Presbytery of New Castle was brought into the Synod, requesting them to give their judgment, whether the Rev. Mr. John Eodgers should be removed to New York, agreeable to the call of that congregation. After hearing what the commissioners, both from St. George's and from New York, had to offer on that occasion, the Synod adjourned till nine o'clock to- morrow morning, and concluded with prayer. ISth of May. The Synod met according to adjournment. JTbi post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. William Tennent, senior, James Finley, Thomas Lewis, Nathan Kerr, and William Tennent, junior, beg leave to enter their dissent from the judgment of the Synod concerning the judgment of Donegall Presbytery with respect to the setting elders apart for their office. The affair of Mr. Rodgers's removal to New York was resumed, and before the Synod entered on the consideration thereof it was agreed unanimously, solemnly to call on God by prayer for light and direction to issue this im- portant affair. After the arguments for and against Mr. Rodger s's removal were heard fully, and with great attention, it was put to the vote, and carried by a great majority, that he shall be removed; and accordingly the Synod de- clare, that his relation to the congregation of St. George's is dissolved; and they exhort that congregation to attend to the reasons and necessity hereof, and to behave as Christians under this dispensation. Dr. Finley and Mr. Harris have leave to go home. Adjourned till ten o'clock, A. M., on Monday next. Concluded with prayer. 2^th of May, at ten o'clock, A. M. The Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. John Montgomery, Mr. Steel's elder, is now come. Having considered the collection of money for the Indian school, it was 44 346 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1765. agreed to defer the final settlement of that business until the committee, ap- pointed to converse with Messrs. Spencer and McWhorter, bring in their report. At the request of the Rev. Mr. Rodgers, and of the congregation of St. George's, Mr. Spencer is appointed to supply that congregation four weeks before Mr. Eodgers removes from them. The committee for overtures introduced the following calls and supplica- tions, viz. a call for the Rev. Mr. Spencer from Cathy's Settlement and Fourth Creek, which was presented to him ; also a supplication for supplies from the inhabitants of North Carolina, living between the waters of Yadkins and Ca- tabaw Rivers, and particularly for the removal of Mr. Spencer and Mr. McWhorter to settle among them ; and two other supplications from the con- gregations of Bethel and Poplar Tent, in Mecklenburg county, in the same colony, for supplies ; a supplication was also brought in from the united con- gregations of New Providence^ and the Six Mile Spring, in North Carolina, for supplies, and the countenance of the Synod for settling gospel ministers among them; another also, from Hawfield and Little River, in the same colony, for supplies ; likewise a supplication for supplies from Long Lanes, in South Carolina. A call for the Rev. Mr. McWhorter from Hopewell and Centre congrega- tions, in North Carolina, was brought in by the committee of overtures, but the Synod apprehending that some other persons may be more conveniently sent to North Carolina, did not present the call to him. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o^ clock, P. M., the Synod met. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. In consequence of sundry supplications from North Carolina for supplies, the Synod appoint Messrs. Nathan Kerr, George DuflGield, William Ramsey, David Caldwell, James Latta, and Robert McMordie, to go there as soon as they can conveniently, and each of them to tarry half a year in these vacant congregations, as prudence may direct. And the moderator and clerk are or- dered to give proper certificates to the aforesaid gentlemen ; and the respective Presbyteries are to make provision for the pulpits of the settled ministers. The Presbytery of Sufiblk are to supply Mr. Kerr's congregation four Sabbaths, of which Mr. Mills is to notify the Presbytery. A paper containing an appeal of the people of New Castle and Christine Bridge, from a judgment of the Presbytery of New Castle respecting a call to Mr. Slagaw ; and a complaint against said Presbytery in that afiair, was brought in by the committee of overtures and read ; and having heard the minutes of that Presbytery read, and what the commissioners had to ofier on that subject, adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 21 day of May, the Synod met at nine d clock. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of New Castle and Christine congregations resumed, and after mature deliberation it was agreed, that Messrs. Montgomery, Wilson, and Caldwell, be a committee to prepare an overture to be submitted to the judg- ment of the Synod, to determine that affair at our next sederunt. Adjourned till six o'clock, A. M., to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 1765.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 347 22d day of May, at six of the clock, A. M. The Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of New Castle and Christine Bridge resumed. The committee which was appointed brought in an overture, which being read and considered, was approved, and is as follows : All parties being long and patiently heard, the Synod on the whole do judge, that the said Presbytery have acted a very cautious and Christian part in making such a stand against bigotry and party spirit in these congregations, and striving so long to prevent a breach of a solemn union stipulated between these societies, and therefore cannot but highly disapprove and condemn the indecent language of their appeal, and their bitter insinuations of injustice from that our worthy Presbytery. And as it appears there was at least a very con- siderable opposition made against presenting said call, the Presbytery might prudently delay it with a view, if possible, to obtain a greater union in Mr. Magaw, or some other person. However, as more light in the course of this trial has been thrown on that affair, than was given by the congregation to the Presbytery, it now appears the call had better be presented to Mr. Magaw. And as the Presbytery assure us that they never intended to meddle with the civil property of their meeting-houses, even in the alternative proposed to these societies, which was only for the sake of peace, we leave them to settle that matter according to their own articles of union, and to determine the qualifica- tions of their own voters, earnestly recommending it to both parties, in the spirit of meekness, to compromise their own differences, to maintain their union inviolable, and to follow the things which make for peace and edifi- cation. The collections for the Indian school came under consideration, and it is or- dered that they who have made collections for that purpose pay the same to Mr. Ewing, before to-morrow morning, of which he is to make a report. Nathan Kerr has leave to go home. Ordered, That Messrs. Brainerd, Kamsey, Spencer, and Montgomery, be a committee to wait on the corporation for the relief of poor and distressed Pres- byterian ministers, and their widows and children, at their next meeting, and to request of them such papers as may serve to give any light to the Synod con- cerning their power or right to concur with the corporation in the disposal of any money that may be in their hands. Mr. Lewis had leave to go home. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three ddoch, P. M. the Synod met. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Mr. John Leavit, from New England, being present, was desired to sit as a correspondent. Dr. Finley is returned. A petition was brought in by the committee of overtures from West Notting- ham, complaining that they were aggrieved by a late order of the Synod which removed them from the care of New Castle Presbytery, and put them under the care of that of Donegall, inasmuch as the distance of the petitioners from the most usual places of Donegall Presbytery's meeting, and the creeks and rivers that lie between, greatly obstruct, and sometimes quite prevent their at- tendance on the meeting of said Presbytery ; and requesting to be put under the care of New Castle Presbytery. Their petition was granted, and said congregation is remitted to the care of New Castle Presbytery as formerly. A petition from the Presbytery of Donegall was brought into the Synod by the committee of overtures, praying to be erected into two Presbyteries, or that 348 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1765. the members added to the Donegall Presbytery, when the Presbyteries were new modelled, be ordered to retura to their former judicatures. An appeal was also brought in against the vote of the Presbytery authoriz- ing this petition to the Synod. After hearing the Presbytery and the appellants with great deliberation, ad- joui-ned till eight o'clock, A. M., to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 23c^ of May, at eight o'clock, the Synod met. Uhi jiost i^reces sederunt qui sujjra. Messrs. Baldwin and Strain had leave to go home. The petition of the Presbytery of Donegall, and the appeal of some members were further considered, and it was agreed not to grant the petition. "I The Synod having maturely considered the situatian of affairs in the Presby- tery of Donegall, agreed to erect the members of that Presbytery that live on the western side of the river Siiisquehanna into a new Presbytery, together with the Rev. Mr. Andrew Bay, by the name of the Presbytery of Carlisle ; and appoint that the first meeting be at Philadelphia the 23d day of May, 1765 ; and the remaining members are hereby annexed to the Presbytery of New I Castle. An appeal from the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegall, respecting Messrs. Rowan and Edmiston was brought in by Mr. Edmiston, together with a reference respecting the same affair by the Presbytery of Donegall. Also another appeal from a judgment of said Presbytery, was brought in by Mr. jNIcMordie. The Synod considering the impossibility of determining said af- fairs at present, have appointed the following gentlemen a committee to issue and determine both these matters, viz : Messrs. Beatty, Brainerd, Simonton, Guild, Montgomery, Clark, Spencer, Kirkpatrick, Halt, Hannah, Green, McKnight, and Ewing, to meet at Hanover on the first Wednesday of Septem- ber next ; and that Mr. Ewing open the committee and that Mr. Elder give citations for evidences. It is also appointed that Messrs. Kirkpatrick, Mont- gomery, Beatty, Ewing, and Brainerd, be a committee to meet at Little Britain, to examine what evidences Mr. Edmiston may produce to support the charges brought against Mr. Rowan, and that both Messrs. Rowan and Edmiston attend at that place on Friday the thirtieth of August ; and that the committee make a report to the committee at Hanover, and that Mr. Hunt give citations to the evidences to appear at the committee. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, the Synod met. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Baldwin, Mr. McWhorter's elder, had leave to go home. The committee of the Synod appointed last year to meet at Deer Creek, brought in their minutes which were read. And as Mr. Bay had appealed from the judgment of that committee after he and all parties were fully heard in their own defence ; the Synod appoint Messrs. Wilson, Hunter, and Kirkpat- rick, a committee to bring in a judgment on the conduct of the committee at next sederunt. Adjourned till eight o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 24<7t of May, the Synod met at eight, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee, according to appointment, brought in a minute, which being read and amended is as follows : The Synod having carefully examined the matter of Mr. Bay's appeal from the judgment of our committee appointed last year, in consequence of an 1765.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 349 appeal from a judgment of New Castle Presbytery that met at Deer Creek, on mature deliberation judge, that our committee have the merit of taking great pains to examine these difficult affiiirs, yet we cannot justify cither the un- tender expressions relating to the Presbytery, or the severity of their judg- ment and censure of Mr. Bay. We rather approve of the judgment of the Presbytery, from which we judge there was no sufficient reason of an appeal. On the whole, considering the ferment of the people, the virulence of the pro- secutors, and the necessity of compromising the diffisrences of the congrega- tions, we judge the Presbytery acted a very prudent and a Christian part, and that their exhortations were very salutary. This judgment being read and approved, it was overtured by a member, that inasmuch as sundry matters between Mr. Bay and the people of Deer Creek still stand open, that therefore these matters should be issued by the Presbytery of New Castle, notwithstanding Mr. Bay is set off as a member of Carlisle Presbytery; in which motion the Synod concurred, and accord- ingly ordered the Presbytery of New Castle to issue these matters as soon as they can conveniently. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met Post joreces sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed to revise the Presbytery book of New Bruns- wick, brought it in and it was approved. The committee appointed for revis- ing Donegall book were prevented from revising it. The Presbytery book of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia was not put into the hands of the committee for revising it. There is no account from Dutchess county Presbytery, whether they have regularly formed themselves according to the order of the Synod. The committee appointed to meet with Messrs. Spencer and McWhorter, to settle with them the expense of their journey, and the losses they have sus- tained thereby in their affairs at home, make report, that they did meet ac- cordingly, and an account being laid before them, they are of opinion the money they have received of the Synod's collection and otherwise, which has not been expended on their journey, should be allowed them and divided be- tween them in proportion to the account of their expenses brought in and allowed. Mr. McWhorter returned to the Synod all the money of the Synod's collection allowed by the committee. The remaining collection in the hands of the Synod is to be disposed of according to their direction. The Rev. Messrs. Tate, Elder, Steel, Sampson Smith, McMordie, and Beard, brought in a paper signifying that it was a difficulty to acquiesce in the regulations of yesterday respecting the alteration made in the Presbytery of Donegall, because they apprehend that no relief of their grievances is thereby afforded ; that their right as members was infringed in erecting a new Presby- tery out of the Donegall Presbytery, and annexing the remaining members to another Presbytery without consulting said Presbytery, or allowing them a vote in that affair ; and that that Presbytery, though respectable and of long standing, was thereby abolished. When they were fully heard, and some other expedients were by them suggested, the Synod proceeded to review the affair, and seriously attended to the considerations suggested, and do judge that those brethren were so interested in the affair that they had not a right to vote, though they ought to have been consulted previous to any determination about it. As the new Presbytery will have no connection with the affairs that gave rise to their animosity, and the connections of other brethren with the remaining members, may tend to allay those prejudices which may be risen 350 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1765. too high to be otherwise worn oS, the Synod cannot but hope, that their grievances will be found to be in a great measure relieved. And whereas the Presbytery of New Castle is now greatly diminished, the Synod conclude that no sufficient reasons are offered for altering their sentiments as to substance, and therefore still agree, that the late members of New Castle and Donegall Presbyteries to the eastward of Susquehanna, be united in one Presbytery, by the name of Lancaster Presbytery, and that they meet the 25th of May, at six o'clock in the morning, at the first Presbyterian church in this city; and that the Presbytery of Carlisle be continued. Messrs. McDowell and Ewing dissent from the above judgment, and beg liberty to bring in their reasons, which was granted. The reasons follow : 1. Because the request of these brethren was not only entirely and abso- lutely refused, but their condition is rendered worse, for the new model of the Presbyteries provides no relief for any of their grievances, but leaves the same causes of uneasiness unremovQd, and subjects them to many new inconveni- ences. 2. When the petition was refused, and the Synod proceeded to new model the Presbyteries, these brethren had a right to consult and act with them in this matter ; whereas they were manifestly denied and excluded from this right, by the Synod's making one and abolishing two Presbyteries without consulting them and granting them a vote. 3. Because the Synod has abolished Donegall Presbytery in particular, with- out allowing one member of it to vote in the cause, and that without any suffi- cient reason. This procedure is injurious to Donegall Presbytery, that has been long a respectable body, and has suffered in its peaceable character only by the addition of some new members ; which character we are persuaded they would soon retrieve had their petition been granted. 4. We apprehend that this act of the Synod is contrary to the declared in- tention of this body at the union of the Synods, and a violation of an article of that solemn agreement, where it is expressly provided, that the Presbyteries subsisting before should be united only when it was for edification. Ordered, That Mr. Duffield produce such of the original papers of the late Donegall Presbytery, to the committee to meet at Hanover, as relate to the affairs which are committed to their determination. The afiair of the Indian school was resumed, and the Synod appointed Messrs. William Tennent, Brainerd, Montgomery, and Ewing, to consider and deter- mine how their money in Mr. Ewing's hands shall be divided, and to what purposes it shall be applied, and to give orders to Mr. Ewing to pay the same accordingly. The Ptev. Mr. Jonathan Leavit, from New Hampshire in New England, pro- duced to the Synod certificates of his regular standing in the gospel ministry, and having professed his desire to join with this body, after adopting the West- minster Confession of Faith, as the confession of his faith, and having promised to conform himself to the Westminster Directory for worship and government, he was received as a member of the Synod, and was advised to put himself un- der the care of some one of our Presbyteries. " Ordered, That a collection be made for propagating the gospel among the Indians, and for teaching their children ; and that the several Presbyteries take care it be made in all their congregations, as well in those that want as in those that have settled ministers ; and that each Presbytery appoint some mem- ber to bring in to next Synod a particular account how every congregation in their bounds has complied with this order. A petition from a number of elders and gentlemen met in Philadelphia, was brought in and read, which is ordered to be kept in retentis, till it be further considered at our next Synod ; and that the clerk transmit a copy of said paper 1766.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 3&1 to each of our Presbyteries, to enable them the better to consider and carry the things proposed into execution. Ordered, That Lewcstown Presbytery supply Mr. Ramsey's congregation eight Sabbaths, Mr. James Finloy and Mr. MeKennan each one Sabbath, and the first Presbytery of Philadelphia the remainder of the time. That the Presbytery of New Brunswick supply IMr. Latta's pulpit sixteen Sabbaths, and the second Presbytery of Philadelphia the rest of the time. That the Presby- teries of Lancaster and Carlisle supply Mr. McMordie's pulpit and Mr. Duf- field's in their absence. The uiFair of the second Philadelphia Presbytery deferred. Ordered, That the moderator give Mr. Bay a certificate, as he intends to take a journey into New England. Adjourned till the third "Wednesday of May next, to meet at New York at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 1766. Neio York, May 21s«, 1766. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. Vhi post preccs sederunt Ministers : The Rev. Messrs. John Pierson, Azariah Horton, Timothy Jones, John Rodgei-s, Joseph Treat, Benjamin Halt, Jonathan Elmore, Benjamin Woodroif, Abner Brush, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Samuel Parkhurst, Nathan Kerr, Simon Horton, Samuel Buel, Thomas Lewis, Benjamin Talmage, William Mills, David Rose, William Tennent, Charles Mc- Knight, Israel Reed, William Kirkpatrick, Enoch Green, Amos Thompson, Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, Charles Beatty, William Hampsey, Benjamin Chesnutt, John Clark, John Ewing, Patrick Allison, John Blair, Elihu Spen- cer, Robert Smith, John Carmiehael, Jacob Tate, John Beard, John Miller, Matthew Wilson, Joseph Montgomery, Jacob Kerr, Alexander Huston, Andrew Bay, George Duffield, Elisha Kent, Samuel Sacket, John Smith, Eliphalet Ball, William Hanna. Elders : Messrs. Peter V. Livingston, Nathaniel Bell, Benjamin Bunnel, John Crane, Joseph Riggs, Robert Ogden, Jefiry Smith, David Harriot, Na- thaniel Scudder, Elias Bailey, James Allen, Thomas Jackson, John Maxwell, Joseph Crane, Joseph Lee, Jonathan Griffin, Philip Edsal, and William Hum- phreys. Ministers absent : The Rev. Messrs. Nehemiah Greenman, John Griffiths, John Brainerd, Alexander McDowell, John Elder, Sampson Smith, James Finley, William MeKennan, Robert McMordie, James Hunt, John Rowan, Charles Tennent, John Harris, Abner Reeve, John Mofiiet, John Maltby, Hugh Knox, Aaron Richards, Moses Tuttle, John Darby, Jacob Green, Francis Pep- pard, Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus White, Nehemiah Barker, James Brown, Thomas Paine, Ezra Reeve, Benjamin Goldsmith, Samson Occum, James Mc- Crea, Samuel Kennedy, John Hanna, Thomas Smith, John Guild, Job Pru- den, John Rosborough, Dr. Samuel Finley, John Strain, John Steel, Samuel Thompson, John Hogg, John Siemens, Robert Cooper, Robert Cross, Di'. Fran- cis Alison, John Simonton, James Latta, Samuel Dunlap, Solomon Mead. Ab- sent : The whole Presbytery of Hanover. The Presbytery of Duchess county being present, report, that they have complied with the stipulations of the Synod in the year 1763, and have adopted the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, together with the Directory for worship and discipline, according to the usage of this Synod as appears from their minutes, which were produced and read ; certain mem- 352 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF 1766. bers of said Presbytery being present, were allowed to take their seats ac^ cordingly. The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. John Miller, our last year's modera- tor, with a sermon from Heb. xiii. 17. There not being time to choose a moderator and clerk this evening, the Synod agreed to defer the choice until to-morrow morning. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. Thursday, lid of May, at nine ddock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Mr. Chancey Graham is now come. Mr. Spencer is chosen moderator for the ensuing year, who, after receiving the usual charge from the last year's moderator, took the chair. Messrs. Alex- ander MeWhorter and Benjamin Talmage were chosen clerks. Messrs. Robert Cross, C. J. Smith, and William Tennent, jun'r. were de- sired to sit as correspondents. The reasons which Messrs. Buel, Talmage, Jones, Roe, Parkhurst, Brush, Elmore, Reed, and Horton, assigned for their absence from Synod last year, were sustained. Mr. Wheeler Case is now come, and his elder Frederick Horn. The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that the Rev. Mr. Daniel Law- rence died since our last, the 13th day of April, and further report, that they have ordained Mr. John Murray since our last Synod ; but that some charges since that were laid in against him respecting his moral character, which are not yet decided by the Presbytery. Upon the report being brought in, some difficulties arose, whether Mr. Murray should be enrolled or not. The Synod voted that the report of the Presbytery should be received, and proceed no further in the affair the present sederunt. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o^cloch, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the report of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, re- specting Mr. Murray, deferred to the next sederunt. New York Presbytery report that they have received Mr. Jedediah Chap- man, a candidate for the work of the ministry. Sufi'olk Presbytery report, that they ordained Mr. David Rose to the work of the ministry. Lancaster Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. Samuel Blair. New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. David Caldwell. A motion being made that the minutes of the Synod's proceedings may be by the clerk copied, and sent to each Presbytery yearly, is deferred to further consideration. It is reported by a member of this body, that the Rev. Mr. Alexander Craig- head departed this life some time in March, 1766. The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained Mr. Patrick Alison, and licensed Mr. James Anderson, and Mr. James Latta, since our last. The Presbytery of Carlisle report, that they have ordained Mr. John Sie- mens, and Mr. Robert Cooper, since our last. Dutchess County Presbytery report, that since their erection into a Presby- 1766.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 353 tery, they have received into their number Mr. William Hannah, and Mr. Dun- lap ; ordained Mr. Wlicolcr Case, and licensed Mr. John Clove. The Synod appoints for a committee of overtures, the Kcv. Messrs. Rod- gers, Lewis, Sacket, Tennent, Treat, Ewing, Smith, Wilson, Duffield, Jones. Elders, P. V. B. Livingston, Joseph Iligs, Nathaniel Scudder, John Maxwell, to meet to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, and by adjournment from time to time. Ordered, That the Presbytery book of New York be examined by Mr. Hunter and Mr. Reed. The other Presbytery books are not here. The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hands of the trea- surer of the College of New Jersey, make no report of what is done, as their minutes are not here. Appointed as a committee, Messrs. William Tennent, Guild, Brainerd, Kirk- patrick, Ewing, Beatty, Enoch Green, and Reed, to meet at Princeton, the 13th of August, to dispose of the money in the hands of the treasurer, then due, for the education of the poor and pious youth. The Synod appoint for their commissioners the ensuing year, the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Beatty, Ewing, Dr. Finley, Blair, Boyd, Tate, Elder, Robert Smith, William Tennent, Miller, Guild, Horton, Brainerd, Rodgers, Hunter, McDowell, Jones, with the moderator. Elders, P. V. B. Livingston, Robert Ogden, Nathaniel Scudder, Joseph Rigs, John Maxwell; thirteen of whom to be a quorum. But if the moderator die, or be absent, the first on the roll mentioned in the minute shall have power to call the commis- sioners and to preside. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. May 23cZ, nine o'cloch, met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the report of the first Philadelphia Presbytery, concern- ing Mr. Murray, further deferred. The Synod appoint Mr. Ewing to be our stated clerk. The motion which was made for the minutes of the Synod to be trans- cribed and sent to each Presbytery, resumed; and, after due consideration, the Synod appoint that all our minutes from the union, be transcribed by the stated clerk, and yearly transcribed and transmitted to each Presbytery in three months after the session of the Synod, and that the clerk shall be allowed twenty shillings provincial currency, by each Presbytery, for his annual labour. The Synod appoint, in order to defray the expenses of these copies, that there be a collection in all our congregations, or any other method that may appear convenient to particular members, for this purpose and other pub- lic uses. Dr. Alison is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner sustained. His elder, Mr. William Humphreys, is also come. The Synod appoint the Rev. Dr. Alison, Messrs. Blair, Beatty, P. V. B. Livingston, a committee to prepare a plan of correspondence with foreign churches, and to bring it in as soon as possible. Messrs. Kerr, Duffield, David Caldwell, and Mr. McMordie, who were ap- pointed to go and supply in North Carolina, complied with their appointments. Mr. Ramsey, who was also appointed, did not go, and his reasons for not going were sustained. Mr. Leavit, who joined Lancaster Presbytery, according to order of Synod, has been at his request dismissed from them, to return to New England. The consideration of the petition from a number of elders and gentlemen in Philadelphia deferred. 45 354 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1766. The order of Synod, that Lancaster Presbytery should supply Sir. Duffield's pulpit in his absence, complied with. At Mr. Talmage's request, he was released from the business of clerk, and Mr. Wilson is chosen in his place. The reasons why Mr. Latta did not fulfil his appointments in Carolina, being given by some members in his absence, were sustained. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three o'cloch, P. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the affair respecting Mr. Mvirray is further deferred. The committee for settling a plan of correspondence with foreign churches are appointed to meet on Saturday afternoon. The Eev. Mr. Graham had leave to go home. Mr. Brainerd is appointed to*, receive the money in the hands of the trustees of New Jersey College for Indian affairs, for the current year, as an addition to his salary. A motion was made by some members for a review of the Synod's judg- ment last year, respecting an affair in New Castle and Christiana congrega- tions. After having much conversation on the subject, it was determined by vote to refer the whole affair to next Synod, when all parties may be heard on their application. The committee appointed last Synod met at Hanover generally, and the reasons of such as were absent were sustained. Whereupon the Synod pro- ceeded to read the minutes of said committee, especially the several judgments on the various matters which came before them. Then Mr. Duffield offered an appeal, drawn up by Mr. Rowan, from their judgment, which was received and read. Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. Ma^ 24:t7i, nine ddoch, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of Mr. Rowan's appeal being resumed, the Synod resolved to defer it till their next meeting, as he was not present to prosecute it. Mr. Murray's affair was resumed, and after some conversation was further deferred. Mr. James Allen, Mr. Ewing's elder, is now come. A motion was made concerning last Synod's minute, respecting the mission of Messrs. Spencer and McWhorter, to have it reconsidered, and after con- versing on the subject, the Synod order certain sums of money in the hands of Messrs. Ewing, Montgomery, and Caldwell, be put into the hands of Mr. McWhorter, that he may be enabled to refund to Mr. Spencer the sum of thirty-two pounds, which appears to be the balance due to him according to the stipulation of the Synod. Adjourned to Monday morning, ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. May 26reces sederunt qui supra. A motion made by Mr. Duffield respecting a minute of last year, deferred. The consideration of uniting the two Philadelphia Presbyteries was re- sumed, and after some discourse, it was determined to discuss it next sede- runt. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 1766.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 355 At three o'clock, P. M. met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Several papers relating to Mr. IMurray's affairs were read, but the Presby- tery to which he belongs pleading a right to issue said matter, previous to the determination of the Synod, it was referred to their further examination. The affair of uniting the two Philadelphia Presbyteries, after some considera- tion, was deferred till next sederunt. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with praj^er. Mai/ 27, at nine o'ciock, A. M. met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui siqyra. The affair of uniting the two Philadelphia Presbyteries was again resumed, and after some further discourse on the subject, it came to be voted whether they should be continued separate or not, and it was carried in the affn-mative. Some members desired liberty to enter their dissent, which was granted. Their dissent was brought in, and is as follows : It is with very sensible regret and great reluctance, that we, whose names are subscribed, declare in so strong a manner our disapprobation of the Reve- rend Synod's determination, with respect to the continuance of the second Pres- bytery of Philadelphia ; a step, we confess, ought not to be taken except in matters of very great importance, and where justice, or the edification of the church are plainly interested. But such we do not take the present case to be, and therefore we do enter our dissent from the aforesaid determination : Because, 1st. It carries in it the obvious appearance of disunion, and seems to indi- cate a temper of a schismatical tendency, however it may be suppressed for the present. It will also be likely to perpetuate party distinctions in reference to candidates licensed by the respective Presbyteries. 2dly. While it is the sense of the Synod, that it is the duty of Presbyteries to inquire into candidates' experimental acquaintance with religion, as a Scrip- tural and rational means of obtaining satisfaction as to their qualification for preaching the gospel, it involves the Synod in a self-contradiction to erect a Presbytery who expressly refuses it ; and thus, this article of examination shall, as to them, be laid aside, which tends to introduce a general neglect thereof. odly. While nothing is imposed upon persons in point of practice, which they in their consciences judge sinful, and they are not restrained from doing their duty, the rights of conscience are not violated, though (they being a mi- nority,) a matter in judicature shall be carried against them by vote. There- fore it is vain to urge the rights of conscience in such cases ; and for any to signify that they will not be subject, even in such cases, to the regulations of the Synod, but if contradicted will violently break off, is to prefer the private rights of individuals to the public rights, and will destroy all governing autho- rity in the body. 4thly. It is a very bad precedent of most mischievous consequence, which may be plead by others for the division of Presbyteries, and by that means congregations now united may again be divided, and the regular formation of new societies prevented or greatly marred. William Tennent, Charles McKnight, John Blair, Andrew Bay, William Tennent, jun'r. Azel Hoe, John Carmichael, Robert Smith, Jacob Kerr^ David Rose, Nathan Kerr, Simon Horton. The committee appointed to prepare a plan of correspondence with foreign churches, brought in one which is as follows ; 356 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1766. 1. That the committee during the session of Synod bring in a copy of a letter or letters to the churches, to be read and approved of by them. 2. That if there be occasion to write to any of the churches at any other time, three at least of the committee shall prepare and send letters, copies of which shall be laid before the Synod at their next meeting. 3. That letters received by the committee from any of the churches be an- nually laid before the Synod, as well as the answers given to any of them. 4. That the churches with whom we shall correspond be Holland, Geneva, Switzerland, the Greneral Assembly of the Church of Scotland or their commis- sion, the Synods of seceding ministers, the ministers in and about London, the General Synod of Ireland, and ministers of Dublin, New England, and the churches in South Carolina. The Synod appoint Dr. Alison, Messrs. Kichard Treat, Rodgers, Ewing, McWhorter, Joseph Treat, Beatty, and V. Livingston, as a committee to cor- respond with the foreign churches for the ensuing year, to meet this evening at seven o'clock. The address of the lay elders and gentlemen, proposed last year to the Synod, was resumed, and a committee of Messrs. Blair, Kent, Caldwell, Duffield, and Bay, with elders, Messrs. Scudder, Ogden, Jackson, and Maxwell, were ap- pointed to meet to-morrow morning at six o'clock, to prepare some overture relative to this affair. From last year's minutes some affairs respecting Mr. Brainerd's mission to the Indians, with some papers now received from him, were taken under con- sideration ; and it is ordered, that what moneys have been collected last year for this mission be put into the hands of Mr. Treat, jun'r. an account of which he is desired to give the Synod to-morrow. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. P. M. three o^cloch, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post jpreces sederunt qui supra. A motion was made by Mr. Beard and Mr. Tate, for a review of last year's minute respecting the new modelling of the late New Castle and Donegall Presbyteries, which was taken under consideration; and after hearing some reasons offered by these members. Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. May 1'^th, A. M. nine o^ clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Montgomery and his elder have leave to go home. Mr. Treat produced to Synod an account of moneys he received according to an order of yesterday, which is deferred to further consideration. The motion of Mr. Beard and Mr. Tate was resumed, and after these mem- bers had been fully heard, as also Mr. Smith and Mr. Duffield, these four mem- bers resigned what they thought was their right to judge in this affair, left it to the Synod and voluntarily withdrew. After some discourse on this matter, it came to be voted whether the minute of last year on that affair should be reversed with this limitation, that the Carlisle Presbytery should be con- tinued in their present state : and it was carried in the negative by a great majority. Adjourned to three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 1766.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 357 P. M. Three o'clocl-, the Si/nod met according to appointment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The disposal of the money in Mr. Treat's hands deferred. Mr. Tate's and Mr. Beard's motion resumed, and after some reasonings on the subject, and some expedients proposed, it was voted whether Douegall Presb3'tery as it existed before last Synod, (those members excepted who were set off to Carlisle Presbytery,) be erected into a Presbytery under the name of Donegall Presbytery or not ; it was carried in the negative. Another expedient proposed was, whether they be united to the second Philadelphia Presbytery for a year, until the matter be further considered ; it was voted in the negative by a great majority. Some members hereupon begged leave to dissent and others to protest against these votes and proceedings, and beg leave to bring in their reasons, which was granted. Their reasons are as follow : We are obliged, (though with grief,) to enter our dissent from, and declare our protest against the conduct and votes of this judicature, in the affairs re- specting the late Donegall Presbytery, for such reasons as these : 1st. Because our distressed brethren always declared a scruple of conscience as the foundation of their petition and behaviour, viz : That they could not iu conscience submit to the examination of the hearts or experiences of candidates in the way voted by the Synod, as they esteemed it contrary to the word of God, to common sense, and the uniform practice of the Protestant churches : conse- quently whether well or ill informed, it was a matter which could not be voted away. 2dly. Because it appeared very untender and unbrotherly to deny that these members could be conscientious in the affair, when they declared they were so : we cannot judge what matters will affect other men's consciences. 3dly. Because even the smallest matter, if imposed against the rights of conscience, obliges the injured to leave the communion. To exclude men from exercising the power of ordination, unless they submit to it in a way contrary to their judgment is such an imposition. And therefore the schism in conse- quence hereof, is to be attributed to the imposers and not to those who are obliged to withdraw. 4thly. Because by the spirit of the plan of union. Presbyteries were not to be joined unless for edification, but this modelling evidently tends to ruin and destruction. 5thly. Because the Synod seem to act too arbitrary a part by forcing mem- bers into any Presbytery without their own consent, and the consent of their congregations. Gthly. Because these violent and precipitate votes have rent the Church of Christ, (alas too much divided already,) to the joy of our enemies, the grief and distress of all sincere Christians, and the reproach of the Christian name ; when only exchanging a member or two in two Presbyteries, might have pre- vented the breach. These reasons, together with those entered by two members against a judg- ment of the last Synod, respecting the alteration of Presbyteries, prevail with us to enter this our protest, whereby we exonerate our consciences in order to continue in your communion, and declare before God and the world, that we are free from all blame in this whole procedure. Matthew Wilson, John Ewing, Patrick Alison, Francis Alison. In consequence of the above votes, Mr. Joseph Tate and Mr. John Beard brought in a declinature, which is as follows ; 358 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1766. To the Rev. Synod of New York and Philadelpliia : We, the subscribers, humbly beg leave to show, that though we much de- sire to be in union and friendship with this reverend body, and would not knowingly be the real authors of any discord in the church of Christ, yet the determinations of the Synod consequent on our petition presented last year, and again to this present meeting, seem so grievous and oppressive to us, and threatening to the credit and interest of religion, that we find ourselves obliged to declare to this Rev. Synod, that we cannot submit to them, that we hereby decline all authority and jurisdiction of this body, and that no judgment or deter- mination thereof shall bind us, or affect our persons or ministry until these differences of sentiment be removed by better light, and satisfactory means be found to reconcile and unite us with this reverend body again. And as we earnestly desire and pray for this, we reserve to ourselves, and expect the liberty at any time, respectfully^ to offer such proposals as we may think likely to answer that end, and upon our satisfying the Reverend Synod, or they us, to return to our enjoyment of our privileges with them. And in the mean time we shall endeavour to carry respectfully towards this Reverend Synod, avoiding whatever might unnecessarily inflame unchristian passions, or tend to hinder the influence of our brethren in their labours in the gospel, and expect to be mutually treated by our brethren as ministers of Christ. The reasons inducing us to this mournful step are principally such as these : 1. That the determinations mentioned had not the least apparent tendency to relieve, but seem rather calculated to increase our grievances, and only to suppress our complaints and influence in judicatures together. 2. We petitioned only for a thing lawful and often precedented in Presbyte- rian Synods, and which was wisely requested by the Synod of New York, and stipulated for in our plan of union; and yet we think ourselves hereupon treated so untenderly, so arbitrarily, and so contrary to the love and friendship that is expected by the distressed, that had the matter denied us even been of little importance, yet it seems inconsistent with our duty and safety to own and be subject to a jurisdiction so exercised. 3. We cannot but observe the proceedings of this reverend Synod in this as well as in many other affairs, appear plainly calculated to bear down one part of this united Synod, and suppress their influence contrary to the equality and right of members, and to the nature and whole professed design of our union. We pray and crave that this our declinature, and these our reasons, be en- tered in the records of this Synod, earnestly wishing that the Lord may yet rectify all hurtful mistakes and heal all discords among us ; and in the mean time, as we cannot enjoy the benefit of the plan of union in peace, and accord- ing to the true intent thereof, we declare ourselves to be the Presbytery of Donegall, and members of the Synod of Philadelphia, as before the conjunction of the two Synods. Signed by us, in our own names and in the names of our brethren, Joseph Tate, John Beard. The report of the committee appointed to consider the address of the lay elders was brought in and is as follows : The Synod taking into their serious consideration several matters suggested to them in an address and representation from a number of lay elders and others of the Presbyterian denomination, occasionally assembled at Philadel- phia, do, after mature deliberation, look upon said affairs to be of much im- portance, and deserving the strictest regard as very useful, salutary measures, 1766.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 359 whereby many pernicious evils may be prevented and various great advantages procured ; and accordingly order said regulations as now amended to be entered in our minutes, and do most earnestly recommend to all congregations under our care, the strict observation of the same ; and the Synod appoint the clerk to transmit, as soon as he conveniently can, a copy of this minute, to- gether with a copy of said regulations, to the moderator of each Presbytery in our bounds, to be by said Presbyteries communicated to the people under their care respectively, and that all proper pains be taken by each Presbytery to have said measures put in execution, viz : 1st. That in every congregation a committee be appointed, who shall twice in every year collect the minister's stipend, and lay his receipts before the Presbytery preceding the Synod ; and at the same time, that ministers give an account of their diligence in visiting and catechizing their people. 2d. The Synod recommends that a glebe, with a convenient house and neces- sary improvements, be provided for every minister. 3d. That the church sessions and committees appointed, take special care of their poor and distressed widows and orphans, and administer to them all the relief and assistance they can. 4th. The Synod recommend to the church sessions and committees aforesaid, that they endeavour by their advice and influence to prevent all unnecessary lawsuits, and if possible to have all differences of a civil nature decided by arbitration. 5th. The Synod enjoin that exact registers of births, baptisms, marriages, and burials, be regularly kept in each congregation. 6th. That special care be taken of the principles and characters of school- masters, that they teach the Westminster Catechism and Psalmody ; and that the ministers, church sessions, and foresaid committees, (where they consist- ently can,) visit the schools and see these things be done ; and where schools are composed of different denominations, that said committees and sessions invite proper persons of said denominations, to join with them in such visi- tations. 7th. That as the too great use of spirituous liquors at funerals in some parts of the country, is risen to such an height as greatly to endanger the morals of many, and is the cause of much scandal, the Synod earnestly enjoin, that the several sessions and committees shall take the most effectual methods to cor- rect these mischiefs, and discountenance by their example and influence all approaches to such practices, and all ostentatious and expensive mrades, so inconsistent with such mortifying and distressing occasions. 8th. The Synod recommends, that every congregation endeavour to form a society or societies, for the reformation of manners witi^ their respective bounds. Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow. Mot/ 29, A. M. nine o^ clock. The Synod met according to ajypoinfment, and post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the disposal of the money in the hands of Mr. Treat deferred. An overture in consequence of yesterday's votes respecting last Synod's modelling Presbyteries, was brought in by Mr. Richard Treat and read : As a good expedient for the peace of this body, and the satisfaction of the brethren complaining, that the late Presbytery of Donegall be restored to their former state as before the last Synod, with the members settled within their bounds since that time. The Synod agreed to this overture, and accordingly we revive and restore 360 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1766. the late Presbytery of Donegal!, and appoint that their first meeting be at Car- lisle the fourth Tuesday in June, 1766 ; and also, that the Presbytery of New Castle be restored, with all the members since settled in their former bounds, and to meet under that name, according to their last adjournments when under the name of Lancaster ; and that such candidates as have begun their trials in the late Presbytery of Lancaster finish their trials with the Presbytery of New Castle; and the Synod likewise think it proper to take this opportunity to declare, that though the dissatisfied brethren inform them, that from their ap- prehensions, the acts of the Synod complained of were unconstitutional, and that they thought it would be inconsistent to sit as members of their respective Presbyteries, the Synod cannot see the consequence, yet as these brethren appear to have acted according to their light, they pass no censure upon their conduct, but still must express their censure, that they should have acted a part so liable to be thought of an hurtful tendency. Mr. Miller had leave to go home. Adjourned to three o'clock, 1^. M. Concluded with prayer. P. 31., three o clock. The Si/nod met according to adjournment. Post precea sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed to examine New York Presbytery book made their remarks, and the book is approved. The consideration of the disposal of the money in the hands of Mr. Treat, deferred. Ordered, That an attested copy of the minutes relative to the request of Messrs. Tate and Beard, be transmitted to them by the hands of Dr. Alison. An appeal was brought in by the committee of overtures from a judgment of the Suffolk Presbytery, and taken under consideration ; and, after hearing the appellant and Presbytery, it was ordered that Messrs. Rodgers, Tennent, Horton, Jones, McWhorter, Halt, Simon Horton, and Smith, be a committee to meet, with each an elder, at Huntingdon, the fb'st Wednesday in August, to try and issue the whole affair; and Mr. Eodgers is appointed to open the committee with a sermon. Mr. Samuel Blair is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner, sus- tained. An overture was made by Dr. Alison, that an address should be made to our Sovereign, on the joyful occasion of the repeal of the Stamp Act, and thereby a confirmation of our liberties, at the same time proposing the copy of such an address for examination ; which was read and approved by the Synod. A call for the settlement of Mr. Kerr among them was brought in from Steel Creek and New Providence, which was read. Also a supplication for supplies from Long Canes, in South Carolina, was read and laid on the table. Another call also from Sugar Creek and Rocky River, for the Rev. Mr. Nathan Kerr, was brought in and read. A petition was also read from Bullock Creek, Turkey Creek, and Broad River, for further supplies. Also a supplication from Little River Settlement, in South Carolina; and another from Briar Creek, in Georgia, for supplies, were read. Another call for Mr. Kerr in this settlement was presented and read, from the united congregation of Centre and Hopewell, in Carolina. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 1766.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 361 May SOtJi, nine o'clorJc. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. A motion was made that every member of this judicature take subscriptions, or make collections as he shall find most expedient, in his congregation, or the neighbouring vacancies, to raise a fund for the propagation and support of the gospel in such parts as cannot otherwise enjoy it; which, after some dis- course on the subject, was ordered accordingly. The subscriptions, or collec- tions for which purpose, are to be laid before next Synod, by the moderator, or clerk of each Presbytery ; and the several Presbyteries are hereby ordered to see this determination put into execution. # The affair of 3Ir. Brainerd's school resumed. The Synod resolve to support the Indian school under Mr. Brainerd's care, and for that purpose order such members as have not this last year made collec- tions, immediately to collect and transmit to the hands of Mr. Joseph Treat, or Mr. Ewiug, to be paid to IMr. Brainerd ; and that the money now in Mr. Treat's hands be paid Mr. Brainerd as soon as possible, which sum appears to be twenty- one pounds, sixteen shillings, and one penny. Ordered, The several calls mentioned last sederunt be presented to Mr. Kerr, to be by him considered and answered as soon as possible, which answers are to be given in to the Presbytery of New York. A motion was made that the address to his Majesty be transcribed in two fair copies, to be sent different ways, and inclosed in a letter from this Synod to Dr. Chandler, constituting him our agent to present our address ; the expenses to be paid by this body. A memorial was presented by Mr. C. T. Smith, representing the necessity and importance of sending some suitable missionaries to preach at Williams- burg ; as also a supplication for supplies to be sent to Carolina, and that he himself be authorized to itinerate again in those parts. Also several members verbally supplicated that supplies be also sent to Wil- mington and Newbern. A motion was made in behalf of the second Philadelphia congregation, to furnish them with supplies immediately. A motion was also made in favour of Bladensburg, and Upper Marlborough, in Maryland, to obtain them supplies. Suffolk Presbytery desired leave to ordain two candidates, Mr. Elam Potter, and Mr. Isaac Lewes, sine titulo, in order to be sent to the southward when they shall think it proper, which was granted. The persons to be appointed to the southern mission, deferred. Adjourned to three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. P. M. three o^ clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. To comply with the many earnest supplications from North and South Caro- lina, Virginia, and Georgia, the Synod, with their own consent, appoint Messrs. Lewes, Caldwell, Chesnutt, and Bay, to go into these parts, as soon as possible, and stay as long as they can in preaching the gospel, and administering the sacraments in all those vacancies that have supplicated, and in others where they may be invited, according to their discretion, and that they endeavour to supply at Upper Marlborough, and Bladensburg, as they go and return ; for this purpose the moderator is appointed to give those members proper certifi- cates. The Synod gratefully accepts Mr. C. T. Smith's proposal, and authorizes him 46 §62 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1766. to itinerate througli Virginia, the Carolinas, and G-eorgia, and especially to preach in Williamsburg, if his health permits. Mr. Brush is appointed to assist Mr. Brainerd in supplying the vacancies in his neighbourhood. Mr. Kirkpatrick is also appointed to go to Williamsburg, and also Mr. Mil- lar, to supply each fourth Sabbath at least, at their own discretion, and the re- spective Presbyteries to supply their pulpits. The supplication for supplies from second Philadelphia congregation consi- dered, and the Synod appoints Mr. Roe, the two last Sabbaths of June and first of July ; Mr. Kerr the third Sabbath of July, and the three Sabbaths fol- lowing ; Mr. Mills the second and third of September. According to a former request of the corporation of the widows' fund for missionaries to be sent to the frontiers of the province, the Synod appoint Messrs. Beatty and Duffield to go together, the fii'st of August next, and preach at least two months in those pax'ts, and do what else is best for the advance- ment of religion, according to the instructions of the incorporation, as recorded in the minutes of A. D. 1763 ; and that Mr. Duffield's pulpit be supplied by Donegall Presbytery; and Mr. Beatty's be supplied by Mr. Brush, two Sab- baths, and by New Castle Presbytery, three Sabbaths ; and the first Philadel- phia Presbytery supply the other Sabbaths. A pastoral letter was proposed, examined, and approved, and ordered to be printed immediately, and to be dispersed among all our societies, which is as follows : " Dearly Beloved : — We think it our indispensable duty, not only in our par- ticular charges, but in this united and more public capacity, to direct you to some suitable reflections upon the late remarkable and merciful steps of Divine Providence, and to inculcate a becoming improvement of an event, the most interesting and important to the people of this continent. For not only in the word of God should we attend to his Divine will, but also mark his hand in that Providence by which he directs the course of human aff"airs with invaria- ble wisdom and paternal goodness. " The faithless French, and their savage allies, were lately the rod of Divine displeasure for our many provocations. Under the calamities of war, and the wasting ravages of Indian cruelty, we were repeatedly brought to approach the throne of grace, with solemn fasting and prayer ; and thereby openly professed our resolution to forsake the ways of sin, and turn unto the Lord. But, alas ! we rendered not to God according to the multitude of his tender mercies , for no sooner was the rod removed, and the blessings of peace restored, but we be- came more vain and dissolute than before. " The Almighty thus provoked, permitted counsels of the most pernicious tendency, both to Great Britain and her colonies. The imposition of unusual taxes, a severe restriction of our trade, and an almost total stagnation of busi- ness, threatened us with inevitable ruin. A long suspense, whether we should be deprived of, or restored to, the peaceable enjoyment of the inestimable pri- vilege of English liberty, filled every breast with the most painful anxiety. A gloomy cloud thickened over our heads, ready to burst upon us in a desolating storm. Had our gracious Sovereign, the present ministry, and the British Par- liament been less wise, just, and good; had they, instead of yielding to a spirit of moderation, unhappily recurred to force, we shudder at the very thoughts of the consequences. We cannot look down the precipice on the brink of which we stood, without horror. We were not without reason apprehensive that the tumultuous outrages, which in some j^laces attended a determined opposi- tion to the disrelished statute, might provoke the resentment of the British legislature. " When we reflect on the public ofiences of our land against heaven ', when 1766.] KEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 363 we think of the open disregard and violation of the holy Sabbath ; the neglect of the ordinances of Divine worship, the abuse of gospel light and privileges, the profane swearing and cursing, intemperance and luxury, the various scenes of uncleanness and lasciviousness, the pride and vanity, and every other evil so shamefully prevalent, what less could we expect than that an offended Gi-od would have made the gathering tempest to break upon us, and plunged us and our mother country in all the rueful calamities of a civil war? But how astonishing is the long-suffering patience of Jehovah ! He has inclined the hearts of many powerful friends to espouse our cause. He has given us to experience the paternal tenderness of the best of kings, and the moderation of the British Parliament. Our gracious God is our deliverer. He is making a further trial of us. May his unmerited goodness lead us to repentance. " We, therefore, call upon you, who are the dear people of our charge, not only to acknowledge with joy and gratitude the general Providence of God, but also thankfully to adore that particular Providence, wherein, upon special occasions, he directs and controls the course of events by his immediate in- fluence, and whereby he hath on the late interesting occasion, so signally ap- peared for our protection. We call upon you constantly to reverence that All-wise and Omnipotent Director and Disposer of events on whom we de- pend for every mercy we enjoy, to be thankful to him for every instance of prosperity, patient under every affliction, submissive to his wise disposals, and obedient to all his holy precepts; to awake to repentance, to consider your ways, and to turn unto the Lord, through his Son Jesus Christ. Let every one beware of adding to the common stock of guilt and iniquity. We beseech and obtest you to be strict in observing the laws and ordinances of Jesus Christ, to pay a sacred regard to his Sabbath, to reverence his holy name, and adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour by good works. We pray you to seek earnestly the saving knowledge of Christ, and the internal power and spirit of religioa Thus may you hope for the continued kindness of a gra- cious Providence, and this is the way to express your gratitude to the Father of mercies for your late glorious deliverance. But persisting to grieve the Holy Spirit, by a neglect of vital religion, and a continuance in sin, you will have reason to dread that a holy God will punish you yet seven times more for your iniquities. '' While we thus call upon you to fear God, you will not forget to honour your king, and pay a due submission to his august parliament. Let this fresh instance of royal clemency increase the ardour of your affection to the person, family, and government, of our rightful and gracious sovereign. This you will manifest by a cheerful and ready obedience to civil authority. A spirit of liberty is highly laudable when under proper regulations, but we hope you will carefully distinguish between liberty and licentiousness. " We most earnestly recommend it to you to encourage and strengthen the hands of government, to demonstrate on every proper occasion your undis- sembled love for your mother country, and your attachment to her true interest, so inseparably connected with our own. " That thus you may become wise and good, as well as free and happy, and that while you enjoy liberty, civil and religious, you may not be the servants of sin and Satan, is the fervent prayer of those who watch for your souls, as men who must give an account. " Signed by order, Elihu Spencer, moderator. "Presbyterian Church, at New YorTc, 3Iay ZOth, 1766." A memorial presented by sundry members recommending to every minister and congregation to erect societies for the reformation of manners and suppres- sion of vice, was brought in and read ; and after some deliberation, the Synod 364 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1767. judge it highly expedient and earnestly recommend it to all our members, duly to attend to the memorial, (which we highly approve,) to explain the necessity of such an affair to all their congregations, and use their utmost influence to erect societies, according to the important design of the memori- alists. An overture was brought in to endeavour to obtain some correspondence between this Synod and the consociated churches in Connecticut. A copy of a letter from this Synod to them was also read and approved, and the Kev. Messrs. John Ewing, Patrick Alison, and the moderator, are desired to pre- sent this letter and confer with our brethren on this aifair. And in case it shall seem meet to our reverend brethren to attend to this our proposal, so far as to appoint commissioners from their body to meet with commissioners from ours ; we appoint the Rev. Dr. Alison, and the Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, William Tenuent, John Rodgers, Elisha Kent, John Smith, John Blair, and Samuel Buel, to meet with them at such time and place as the reverend brethren of Connecticut shall agree. Mr. Rodgers is appointed to give the committee notice of what the associated brethren will do relating to this affair. The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Ramsey, Hunter, Kirkpatrick, and Latta, to be a committee to meet with the corporation of the widows' fund. For want of time fully to discuss the report of the committee appointed to consider the address of the lay elders, it is deferred till nest Synod. The Synod adjourned to the second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, to meet on the third Wednesday of May next, at ten o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1767. Philadelphia, May the 20^A, l'r67. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met at the second Presbyterian church according to adjournment. Uhi post preces sederunt Ministers : Messrs. Azariah Horton, John Rodgers, Benjamin Halt, Ben- jamin Woodruff, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, William Mills, Israel Reed, William Kirkpatrick, Enoch Glreen, Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, Charles Beatty, William Ramsey, Benjamin Chesnutt, John Clark, John Ewing, Patrick Alison, John Blair, Elihu Spencer, Robert Smith, John Miller, Matthew Wilson, Joseph Montgomery, Alexander Huston, Andrew Bay, George Duffield, Alexander McDowell, James Finley, William Mc- Kennan, James Hunt, Aaron Richards, Thomas Lewis, Francis Peppard, Azel Roe, .John Hanna, John Rosborough, John Slemons, Robert Cooper, John Simonton, James Latta, John Roan.-— 42. Elders : Messrs. Thomas Jackson, Nathaniel Camp, Thomas Bourne, John Reeves, Lazarus Pine, John Walker, Dr. Hugh Williamson, John Smith, James Gilliland, William Hamilton, Mills Shankland, John Maxwell of Mary- land, James Jack, John Maxwell of New Jersey, Francis Campbell, Benjamin Junkin, John Greer, Richard Walker. — 18. Ministers absent : Messrs. John Pierson, Timothy Jones, Joseph Treat, Jona- than Elmore, Abner Brush, Abner Reeve, Simon Horton, Jacob Green, John Darbe, Moses Tuttle, John Moffiit, Samuel Parkhurst, Nathan Kerr, John Maltby, Hugh Knox, Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus White, James White, James Brown, Nehemiah Barker, Benjamin Talmage, Benjamin Goldsmith, David Rose, Sampson Occam, Adam Boyd, John Carmichacl, Charles Tennent, William Tennent, James McCrea, John Guild, Charles McKnight, Samuel Kennedy, Thomas Smith, Amos Thompson, James Lyon, Job Prudden. The 1767.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA.- 365 whole Presbytery of Dutchess county absent ; and the whole Presbytery of Hanover also ; of Donegall the Rev. Mr. John Hogg. — 37. Last year's moderator opened the Synod by a sermon from Rev. ii. 10. Mr. Hunter is chosen moderator for the ensuing year, who, after receiving the usual charge from the last year's moderator, took the chair; and Messrs. Kirkpatrick and Ramsey were chosen clerks. The reasons of the absence of the Rev. IMessrs. Alexander McDowell, James Finley, William Mckennan, James Hunt, John Roan, Aaron Richards, Francis Peppard, John Hanna, John Rosborough, and John Siemens, from our last Synod, sustained. Theophilus Alexander, Mr. Finley's elder, is now come. New York Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. Jcdidiah Chap- man to the work of the ministry since our last, who being present took his scat ; and also that they have licensed Mr. James Tuttlc. Suffolk Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. Elam Potter and Mr. John Close, who being present took their seats; also, that Mr. Thomas Pain is removed by death since our last. Bethuel Pierson, Mr. Chapman's elder, is now come. New Brunswick Presbytery report, that Dr. Finley was removed by death on the seventeenth of July last; and that they have licensed Mr. Alexander Mitchell. The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that the Rev. IMr. Robert Cross was removed by death in the month of August last. New Castle Presbytery report, that they have licensed Messrs. John Mc- Crery, James Boyd, John Craighead, Joseph Alexander, and William Forster. That Mr. Samuel Blair was dismissed from their body, and has removed to Boston since our last. That Mr. Alexander Hutchinson was removed by death in the month of October, 1766. The Synod appoints for a committee of overtures, the Rev. Messrs, Lewis, Hait, Reed, Beatty, Simonton, McKennan, Roan, and Miller ; and elders, Messrs. Thomas Jackson, Thomas Bourne, John Maxwell of Maryland, and Richard Walker, to meet to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and by adjourn- ments from time to time, as occasion may require, during the present session. New York Presbytery further report, that they have taken Mr. Thomas Jackson, a licensed candidate from Scotland, under their care. Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Duffield, are appointed a committee to examine New Brunswick Presbytery book. Mr. Robert Smith and Mr. Azariah Horton, are appointed a committee to examine Philadelphia first Presbytery book. Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Ramsey, are appointed a committee to examine Phila- delphia second Presbytery book. Mr. Rodgers and Mr. Mills are appointed a committee to examine Donegall Presbytery book. Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 21st dai/, nine o'chcJc, A. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Dr. Alison, and Messrs. Nehemiah G-reenman, John Strain, and John Griffith, are now come, and the reasons of their coming no sooner, sustained ; and their respective elders, John Johnson, Joseph Vanmeter, Hugh Whiteford. and Abel Griffiths, are also come. Messrs. Samuel Buel and Jacob Kerr, are also come, and the reasons of their coming no sooner, sustained. The committee appointed for the disposing of the interest of the fund in the hands of the treasurer of the college of New Jersey, for the education of pious 366 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1767. youth, report, that they disposed of the whole of the interest due from said fund on the first of October last. And the Synod appoint as a committee for disposing of said money for the present year, Messrs. William Tennent, Guild, Brainerd, Kirkpatrick, Ewing, Beatty, Caldwell, and Reed, to meet for that purpose at Princeton on the third Wednesday of August next, and that Mr. Kirkpatrick lay the minutes of the proceedings of the several committees appointed on that business, before us at our meeting next spring. The Synod appoint for a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Buel, Azariah Horton, Jones, William Tennent, Reed, Kirkpatrick, Beatty, Ewing, Spencer, Blair, Roan, Robert Smith, Miller, and Montgomery, with the moderator; and elders, Messrs. Thomas Jackson, Richard Walker, Dr. Williamson, and John Smith, thirteen of whom to be a quorum ; but if the moderator die or be absent, the first on the roll mentioned in the minute, shall have power to call the commission and preside. The order of last Synod fijT transcribing the minutes of Synod since the union, and sending them to the respective Presbyteries, was not complied with, on account of some difficulties that came in the way. And the Synod now order, that the stated clerk give copies of the said minutes to such Presbyteries as shall make application for them, and recommend it to the several Presby- teries, each to take care to furnish themselves with said copies. Ordered, That Mr. Brainerd receive for the current year, the interest of the fund for Indian affairs, in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey college. The affiiir of Mr. Rowan's appeal deferred. The first Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have deposed Mr, John Murray since our last. Adjourned to three clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 21 day, three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The members of Donegall Presbytery here present, report, that they com- plied with the order of Synod, for restoring that Presbytery into its former state, but that the dissatisfied brethren, viz. Messrs. Steel, Tate, Thompson, Sampson Smith, McMurdie, Elder, and Beard, refused to meet with them, though duly notified ; and that they have been informed, that said dissatisfied brethren have proceeded to form themselves into a separate body, and have acted in a Presbyterial capacity every since. A letter was brought into the Synod, directed to the moderator, signed by the Rev. Messrs. John Elder, and John Steel, as moderator and clerk of a Presbytery which they call the Presbytery of Donegall, representing that they had been forced by sundry petitions to apply to Synod to be erected into two Presbyteries, which petitions not having had desired success, they were laid under the disagreeble necessity of entering a declinature from the jurisdiction of the Synod ; and declaring withal their readiness to return into communion with the Synod, provided they might be erected by them into a separate Pres- bytery ; which letter was read, and ordered to lie on the table for a second reading. From all which the Synod observe that the brethren of Donegall Presbytery, who petitioned for being erected into a separate Presbytery, in the year 1765, adopt the declinature entered last year, by Messrs. Beard and Tate, and consequently must not now be considered as members of this body. The committee appointed to meet at Huntingdon report, that they complied with the order of Synod, and issued the afiair to the satisfaction of the parties concerned. Dr. Williamson informs the Synod that the address to his Majesty was 1767.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 367 presented by Mr. De Bcrdt, and graciously received. And the Synod desire Dr. "Williamson to present their"thanks to ]Mr. De Berdt for Lis kind services in that aflair. The Synod also order the moderator to give Dr. Williamson their thanks for his services in the care of the same address. Ordered, That each Presljytery bring in to-morrow morning an account how theii" several members have complied with the order of last Synod for taking subscriptions, and making collections in their respective congregations, and the vacancies in their bounds, to raise a fund for the propagation and support of the gospel in such places as cannot otherwise enjoy it. Ordered, That Messrs. Ewing and Treat be called upon to give an account of the moneys they have received in consequence of an order of last Synod for con- gregations that had not collected the year before, to make collections for the support of the Indian school under Mr. Brainerd's care. New York Presbytery report, that IMr. Nathan Kerr gave a negative answer to the calls from Carolina, put into his hands by order of Synod. Messrs. Lewis and Caldwell complied with the order of Synod in going to the southward ; and Messrs. Bay and Chesnutt gave reasons for not going, which were sustained. Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 22c? dai/, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi 2^ost preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Samuel Kennedy is now come, and he is ordered to give at next sederunt, the reasons of his absence from ovir Synodical meetings since the year 1762. His elder, John Carl, is also come. The letter signed by Messrs. Elder and Steel, was ordered to be read a second time, and the Synod agree to enter upon the consideration of it ; and after much time spent in reasoning on the subject, the Synod find they cannot admit said brethren in the manner they have requested ; but, as we would gladly take every step we can, consistent with a good conscience and the interests of reli- gion, to remove the uneasiness of our brethren, and promote harmony and peace ; we appoint Messrs. Bucl, Rodgers, Horton, Kirkpatrick, Beatty, Ewing, Blair, and Miller, a committee to bring in an overtui-e to-morrrow morning relative to the aforesaid petition. Adjourned to three o'clock, P, M. Concluded with prayer. Three d clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi 'post preces sederunt qui stipra. Mr. Eliphalet Ball is now come, and the reasons of not coming sooner sus- tained. Also, William Norcross, Mr. Kirkpatrick's elder, is now come. Mr. Kennedy gave the reasons of his absence from Synod for five years past, which were sustained. In consequence of an order of yesterday, each Presbytery brought in an ac- count how their respective members complied with the order of last Synod for making a collection to establish a fund for the propagation of the gospel among the poor, &c. And the Synod are obliged to declare that it is matter of real grief to them to find that so many of their members have paid so little regard to the authority of Synod, enjoining a liberality for so pious and important a purpose. The account of moneys collected for the purpose aforesaid, and the persons by whom, is as follows : 368 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1767. Mr. Wtite, Mr. Rose, Mr. Brown, Mr. Barker, Mr. Close, Mr. Mills, . Of Suffolk Presbytery. . York currency, £1 10 1 9 5 1 10 5 4 2 Total, . . . 18 11 Equal to Pennsylvania currency, . . £17 12 7 J Of New York Presbytery. Mr. Rodgers, £42 9 2 Yk. currency. Mr. Richards, 16 2^ Mr. Peppard, . \ . . 10 44 15 4* Equal to £41 4 2 Pennsyl. cur. Of New Brunswick Presbytery. Mr. Reed, . . . . . . £1 10 Mr. Hanna, 10 Mr. Kirkpatrick, 2 17 1 Mr. Rosborougb, . . . . .10 £6 7 1 Pro. cur. Of Philadelphia First Presbytery. Mr. Hunter, £3 7 10 Mr. Beatty, 3 17 5 Mr. Richard Treat, .... 2 10 9 Mr. Ramsey, 3 4 Mr. Clark, 1 16 6 Philadelphia Second Congregation, . . 13 11 11 J Total, . . . £28 8 5J Of Philadelphia Second Presbytery. Mr. Ewing, £12 Of New Castle Presbytery. Mr. Blair, . . . . * . . £0 16 7 Mr. McCarman, . . . . 1 12 4 Of Donegall Presbytery Mr. Robert Smith, .... Of Lewestown Presbytery, Mr. Montgomery, An unknown hand, .... Amounting in the whole to, . . £112 1 3 Pro. cur. The account of moneys received by Messrs. Ewing and Joseph Treat, deferred till next sederunt. £2 8 11 £2 10 T. £1 10 1767.] NEW YORK AND THILADELPHIA. 369 Mr. Richard Treat reports, that he paid into the hands of Mr. Braincrd the sum of twenty-one pounds, .sixteen shillings and one penny, which appears to be the sum put into the hands of Mr. Treat, jun'r. last year, for the support of the Indian school under Mr. Brainerd's care. Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 23c? day, nine o'cIocJc, A. M. The Si/nod met according to adjournment. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. William Tennent is now come, and the reasons of not coming sooner sus- tained. Mr. Elias Bailey, Mr. Mills's elder, is also come. Ordered, That Mr. Ewing pay to I\Ir. Brainerd the sum of two pounds eighteen shillings, which he reports is the whole he has received for the Indian school ; and it is also ordered, that Mr. Joseph Treat pay to Mr. Brainerd the whole of the money he has in his hands at the disposal of the Synod. The committee appointed to bring in an overture this morning, relative to the petition of Messrs. Elder, Steel, &c. report that they have not had time to complete it, and pray that they may have till next Monday morning for that purpose. The affair of Mr. Brainerd's school deferred. The Synod order, that every Presbytery belonging to this body, be careful that those ministers in their bounds, who have not made a collection for pious uses, as it was appointed last year, make a collection before the first of August ; and that it be put into the hands of the moderator of the respective Presbyte- ries, and sent without delay to the treasurer appointed by the Synod. But we desire that such ministers, whose reasons for not complying with the Synodical order, have been sustained, be urged no further at this time. Thomas Tobin, Mr. Spencer's elder, is now come. An overture from the Presbytery of New York, relative to collections and subscriptions for pious purposes, was brought in and read. The Synod appoint Dr. Alison, and Messrs. Duffield and Williamson, to correct the overture, and prepare an introduction to said plan, to be submitted to the Synod at their next sederunt. Mr. Brush did not fulfil his appointments, either to the vacancies in the neighbourhood of Mr. Brainerd's congregation, or to Neshaminy, but not being present the Synod could not inquire into the reasons of it. Messrs. Miller's and Kirkpatrick's reasons for not going to Virginia, sus- tained. The appointments of last Synod, for supplies to the second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, fulfilled. Messrs. Beatty and Duffield complied with the order of last Synod, in going \ on a mission to the frontiers. * Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M., on Monday next. Concluded with prayer. 25^^ day, nine o'clock, A. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Uhi post preces sederunt qui sujjra. Mr. Chauncey Graham is now come, and the reasons of not coming sooner, sustained. The committee appointed to bring in an overture, relative to the letter sent from Messrs. Elder and Steel, have not yet brought it in. The affair of Mr. Brainerd's school further deferred. The committee appointed to correct the overture from New York Presbytery, 47 370 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1767. relative to a collection for pious purposes, and to prepare an introduction to the ^ame, brought it in, which being read and approved, is as follows, viz : The Synod laying to heart the unhappy lot of many people in various parts of our land, who at present are brought up in ignorance, and that they and their' families are perishing for lack of knowledge, who, on account of their poverty or scattered habitations, are unable without some assistance to support the gos- pel ministry among them ; considering also, that it is their duty to send mis- sionaries to the frontier settlements, who may preach to the dispersed families there, and form them into societies for the public worship of God, and being moved with compassion towards the Indians, especially those under our care, who are extremely poor and unable to teach their children to read, or to instruct them in the knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, have resolved to attempt their relief, and to instruct such as may be willing to hear the gospel. But as such purposes must be carried on at a considerable expense, we, in imitation of the laudable example of many other societies, recommend a public collection to all the congregations under our care ; and that such collection may the more effectually answer the above design, with such other pious uses as frequently occur, they have agreed on the following regulations : 1. That an annual collection be made in all the congregations under our care, as well in the vacant congregations, which the Presbytery may judge able to contribute, as in the congregations that have stated ministers, which shall be disposed of for pious uses at the discretion of the Synod. 2. That each Presbytery under our care appoint a treasurer, who is to receive the money collected from the minister or elder of each congregation within the bounds of said Presbytery, and who shall keep a fair account how much he re- ceives from each congregation by name, with an account of such congregations as have neglected to contribute. 3. That there be a general treasurer appointed by the Synod, who shall re- ceive the collected money from each of the Presbyterial treasurers, which Sy- nodical treasurer shall also take a fair account of all the money received with the names of the several congregations, as returned him by the Presbyterial treasurers. 4. That the Synod every year during their session, cause to be printed a fair account of the money they have received that year from each congregation, also of the disbursements of the money received the foregoing year, with an account of the purposes to which it was applied ; and that each minister in the Synod get one of said printed accounts to communicate to his people and to the neigh- bouring vacant congregations, that so they may have the satisfaction of know- ing to what purposes their donations were applied. Ordered, That Dr. Williamson take care to get the above regulations printed. Mr. Richard Treat is appointed general treasurer, to receive the aforesaid bene- factions for the present year. The order of last Synod respecting societies for the reformation of manners, was not generally complied with, which was occasioned by their not having copies of the order or plan. The further consideration of this deferred. Also the consideration of the correspondence proposed with the associate churches in Connecticut, is deferred. The committee appointed to meet with the corporation of the widows' fund, did not attend except Mr. Kirkpatrick. Their reasons for not attending were sustained. The appointment of another committee, and the further considera- tion of this matter deferred. The committee appointed to consider the address of the lay elders and others, brought in their report last year, the further consideration of which was then deferred to the present sessions ; but through mistake was transcribed in the 1767.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 371 minutes of last year. The Syuotl entered upon the consideration of the over- ture they brought in, and have adopted it, as it stands in our book. Adjourned till three of the clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer, 2^th day, three o'cIocJc, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr, Brainerd is now come, and the reasons of not coming sooner arc sus- tained. The overture respecting the Donegall brethren, not yet brought in. The affair of Mr. ]Jrainerd's school came to be considered, and the Synod agi'ee to allow Mr, Brainerd the sum of thirty pounds per year, for the last three years, for defraying the expenses of the Indian school, which sum he acknowledges he has already in his hands. And it is further agreed, to allow Mr. Brainerd the sum of thirty pounds for the support of the Indian school for the current year, and the sum of twenty ^ pounds, as an addition to his salary for his extraordinary services in forming societies, and laboiiring among the white people in that large and uncultivated country. The affair of forming societies for the reformation of manners, came under consideration, and a member brought in a plan for the purpose, which the Synod recommend to the several members to obtain copies of, and to adapt to their particular circumstances, and that the several Presbyteries use their utmost influence to promote such societies in their respective bounds. The consideration of the correspondence with the associate churches of Con- necticut, further deferred. Ordered, That Messrs. Montgomery, Ramsey, Latta, and Kirkpatrick, be a committee to inspect into some papers in the hands of Mr. Beatty, relative to the corporation for the widows' fund ; that Mr. Beatty attend with them, and that they bring in their report to-morrow afternoon. The committee appointed to examine New Brunswick Presbytery book, brought it in, and after some remarks it was approved. The committee appointed to examine Philadelphia second Presbytery book, brought it in, and after some remarks it was also approved. Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 26iA day, nine o'clock, A. 31. TTie Synod met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces sederunt qui supra. (Except the Rev, Mr. John Griffith and John Smith ; Mills Shankland and Benjamin Junkin, elders, who are absent without leave, and we are informed are gone home,) The committee appointed to bring in an overture relative to the dissatisfied Donegall brethren, brought it in, the substance of which is as follows, viz. That the Synod declare themselves highly offended at these brethren, for not only abiding by their declinature, but acting in a hostile manner since, in alienating the minds of people under their influence, from the Synod, and so forming and prosecuting a schism. That, though the Synod declare they might justly refuse their admission to membership until they acknowledge their offence, and submit to censure, yet out of tenderness to the societies in those parts, and to put an end to this schism, it is humbly overtured, that the Synod consent that Messrs, Steel, Elder, Tate, McMordie, Sampson Smith, and Beard, be a Presbytery, by the name of the Presbytery of Donegall, bounded on the west by the river Susquehannah, including Mr. Steel's congregation while he is their minister : provided, nevertheless, that when any of these brethren shall remove out of the bounds of said Presbytery, they shall become members 372 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1767. of the Presbytery into whose bounds they shall remove. And that the Pres- bytery of Carlisle shall be revived, to which Messrs. Roan, Thompson, and Lang, shall belong. And after much reasoning, whether the Synod should adopt the overture or not, the further consideration of it was deferred to the afternoon. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. 31. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preees sederunt qui supra. Mr. Huston had leave to go home. The consideration of the overture respecting the dissatisfied Donegal! breth- ren, resumed, and after all the members that desired to speak, had been fully heard, and the matter maturely considered, it was put to vote, whether the overture should be admitted or cot, and it was carried in the negative by a con- siderable majority. In the mean time, though the Synod cannot grant the request of said breth- ren, to be formed into a distinct Presbytery, yet we declare, that upon their avoiding divisive and hostile measures, and acting in a peaceable and Christian manner, we shall stand ready to hear any reasonable proposal for their return- ing into membership with us. The committee appointed to inspect some papers in the hands of the corpo- ration for the widows' fund, brought in their report, which is as follows, viz : That agreeable to an act of the General Assembly of the Church of Scot- land, passed in the year , the money raised by collections in the several congregations of that church, shall be disposed of by the charitable corporation in conjunction with a committee of the united Synod of New York and Phila- delphia, for the support and relief of such ministers as are, or may hereafter be called to preach the everlasting gospel among the benighted Indians, or to such congregations as cannot afibrd them sufficient maintenance, and that the com- mittee cannot ascertain the sum. The Synod appoint the same committee, with the addition of Messrs. Spencer and McWhorter, to wait on the corporation aforesaid, to-morrow morning at nine o'clock, in order to have the aforesaid sum ascertained, and the power of the committee in disposing of it, and all other matters relating to it. Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 27tli day, nine o'clock, A. M., the Synod met according to adjournment- Post preees sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the correspondence with the associate churches of Con- necticut further deferred. Having gone through the business upon our minutes, ordered, to proceed to consider those matters brought in by the committee of overtures. A supplication was brought in from Albany, respecting some difficulties in the congregation in that city, which was read ; and upon finding that the mat- ter had not been laid before the Presbytery, wo refer it to them, and order them to meet and consider it as soon as possible. But as it is represented to the Synod, that there are many vacancies in the neighbourhood of Albany, where, it is probable, sundry important congrega- tions may be formed, we do appoint the Rev. Mr. Kennedy as a missionary through those parts, and that he take as particular account as he can of the state of that country, and lay it before our next Synod ; and that he supply also some time at the direction of Dutchess Presbytery, if it may be convenient, 1767.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 373 aud that New York Presbytery supply Mr. Kennedy's pulpit seven Sabbaths in his absence. An appeal was brought in by Mr. John Lawrence, from a judgment of the Presbytery of Dutchess respecting Mr. 13all, and the said Mr. Lawrence re- quested that the Synod would appoint a committee to meet at Bedford to hear his appeal, as he could not prosecute it at this distance. In order that the Synod might be able to judge whether the matter com- plained of to the Presbytery, from which the appeal was brought, is an object of sufficient importance to induce the Synod to send a committee there, agree- abl}' to the prayer of the appellant, it was agreed that Mr. Lawrence should lay before the Synod his complaint, aud that Mr. Ball should be heard in what he had to say by way of defence ; and that the Presbytery of Dutchess should give all the light they could in the affair, by producing the minutes of their Presby- tery on that head, &c. And after hearing all that the several parties had to offer, the Synod judge, that it is by no means worthy of so much notice as to appoint a committee to go there to determine it ; because if there were evidences present to prove all the matters alleged against Mr. Ball by Mr. Lawrence, yet they are of so trivial a nature, that they could not be the foundation of any judicial censure, and eon- sequently that the conduct of Mr. Lawrence and others in the society, in ab- senting themselves from public worship, on so slender a foundation, can by no means be justified. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'cloclc, P. 31., (lie Synod met according to adjournment. Post j^reces sederunt qui supra. (Except Mr. Slemmous, who we are informed has gone home, though liberty for that purpose was denied him when he asked it.) The consideration of the correspondence with the associate churches of Con- necticut further deferred. An appeal from a judgment of the Pi-esbytery of Suffolk, respecting Mr. Mills's removal from Jamaica on Long Island to the second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, was brought in and read. After reading of which, a supplication from the second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia prosecuting the appeal, and urging Mr. Mills's removal ; like- wise a long remonstrance from the congregation of Jamaica, together with an address from the Presbytery of Suffolk, and a letter from the Rev. Mr. Prime, remonstrating against Mr. Mills's removal, were brought in and read. The Synod then proceeded fully to hear what the respective commissioners and the Presbytery of Suffolk had further to say, for and against Mr. Mills's removal, and having heard Mr. Mills himself on the affair, the Synod not hav- ing time now to issue it, refer the further consideration of it till to-morrow morning. Adjourned to nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 28^^ day, nine o'clock, A. 31., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of JMr. Mills's removal resumed. The Synod having carefully considered all the arguments that were offered against Mr. Mills's removal from Jamaica, together with the arguments on the other hand, for bringing him to this city, having also heard Mr. Mills's own judgment on this subject, that he esteems it his duty to remain in Jamaica; upon the whole, the Synod do confirm the judgment of the Presbytery of Suffolk on that head, 374 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1767. beinf fully of opinion that it will not be for the edification of the church to remove him. The consideration of the correspondence with the associate churches of Con- necticut resumed. The minutes of a convention held at Elizabethtown, the fifth of November last, by delegates from the consociated churches in Connecticut and from this Synod, were read, and a plan of union proposed between the Congregational, consociated and Presbyterian churches formed at that convention, was seriously considered and amended; and the following gentlemen, with any other minis- ters of this reverend body that please to attend, are appointed to meet with the delegates or commissioners from the Congregational and consociated or any Presbyterial bodies, at New Haven the tenth day of next Septem- ber, and there finally, on the part of this body, to complete the plan of union, and transact all other business that shall be found necessary in consequence thereof. The gentlemen appointed are the Rev. Messrs. Lewis, Buel, Mills, Mc- Whorter, Ptodgers, Halt, Kirkpatrick, Reed, Ramsey, Beatty, Dr. Alison, Ewing, Blair, Spencer, Wilson, Miller, Duffield, Robert Smith, Graham, and Ball. Mr. Rosborough and his elder, John Maxwell, had leave to go home. The committee appointed to examine Philadelphia Presbytery book brought it in, and after a few remarks it was approved. Ordered, That Dr. Williamson get the address and representation of the ruling elders and others, of the Presbyterian denomination in Philadelphia, as corrected and approved by this Synod, printed. That the clerk furnish him with a copy for that purpose. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 3 ddock, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the correspondence with foreign churches further de- ferred. Application was made by the second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia for supplies, and especially for settled ministers. The following congregations in North Carolina, viz : Sugar Creek, Fishing Creek, Bethel, the Jersey settlement. Centre Congregation, Poplar Tent, and Rocky River, united in a petition for one or more, of the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Lewis, McWhorter, and James Caldwell, to be sent there, promising for their encouragement that the sum of eighty pounds be paid by any of these con- gregations in which he shall choose to spend half of his time, and another eighty pounds by the vacant congregations he shall supply ; this petition being read, the several gentlemen mentioned in it were interrogated whether they would comply with this request, to which each of them retui-ned a negative answer. Petitions for supplies were likewise brought in and read from Orange and Culpepper counties, and the south branch of Potomac in Virginia ; and from the Long Canes, Cathy's Settlement, Indian Creek, and Duncan's Creek, in North Carolina. Motions for supplies were also made in behalf of Williamsburg and places adjacent, Hanover, and Cub Creek, in Virginia ; Newbern, Edenton, Fourth Creek, Upper Hico, Haw River, Goshen in the forks of Catawba, the south fork of Catawba, the forks of Yadkin, and Salisbury, in North Carolina ; Little River in South Cai'olina ; and Briar Ci'eek in Georgia. The committee appointed to examine Donegall Presbytery book, brought it 1767.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 375 in, and informed the Synod that it did not contain the minutes of that Presby- tery since last Synod, -when it was restored to its former state, and f(ucried whether they should go any further back in examination of it, to which the Synod gave an answer in the negative, and therefore it was returned without any remarks. The committee appointed to wait on the corporation for the widows' fund, report, that they have not yet received their answer. In compliance with the request from Albany, the Synod appoint Mr. Rod- gers to take a journey to Albany and the places adjacent, as soon as he con- veniently can, and supply in that country where he may judge most necessary, at least six Sabbaths, and that Suffolk Presbytery supply Mr. llodgers's pulpit three Sabbaths, and New York Presbytery the remaining Sabbaths in his absence. In order to answer the earnest and pressing supplications from Virginia, Carolina, &c. the Synod appoint Messrs. Bay, Potter, McCrery, Alexander, Latta, jun'r. Anderson, and Jackson, to take a journey as soon as the circum- stances of their affairs will admit, through Virginia, the Carolinas, (and Georgia if they can,) and that each tarry half a year, and as much longer as he shall think proper. And it is recommended to Mr. Bay to visit the South Branch of Potomac in going out, and Wilmington, Newborn, Edenton, and Williamsburg, and the places along the sea shore in his return. And that Mr. Jacob Kerr pay a visit to Williamsburg, and tarry there at discretion. And it is ordered, that proper testimonials be given to these gentlemen for their journey, signed by the moderator and clerk, together with a list of the vacancies that have now supplicated for supplies^ The Synod took into consideration supplies for the second Presbyterian congregation in Philadelphia, and appoint as follows, viz : That Mr. Kirkpatrick supply there the fii'st Sabbath of June, Mr. Rodgers the second, Mr. Ramsey the third, Mr. Treat, jun'r. the foui-th and first of July, Mr. Richard Treat the second, Mr. Duffield the third and fourth ; Mr. Robert Smith the first Sabbath of August, Mr. Richard Treat the second, Mr. Spencer the third and foui-th, Mr. Finley the fifth; Mr. Richard Treat the first Sabbath of September, Mr. Horton the second and third, Mr. Blair the fourth; Mr. Roe the first and second Sabbaths of October, Mr. McWhorter the third and fourth ; Mr. Latta the first Sabbath of November, Mr. Hunter the second and third, Mr. Richard Treat the fourth, Mr. Close the fifth and fii-st of December, Mr. Woodruff the second and third, Mr. Richard Treat the fourth, Mr. Forster the fifth and first of February, Mr. Montgomery the second and third, Mr. Miller the fourth; Mr. R. Treat the first Sabbath of March, Mr. Robert Smith the second, Mr. Hunter the third, Mr. Ramsey the fourth ; Mr. Halt the first and second Sabbaths of April, Mr. Blair the thkd and fourth ; Mr. Treat the first Sabbath of May, and Mr. Chesnutt the second. Adjourned to eight o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 29^A day, eight o'clock, A. 31, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That Messrs. Blair and Finley review the Donegall Presbytery book before our next Synod, and for that purpose order, that it be put into their hands at least a month before the Synod. ^ -^ Messrs. Beatty and Duffield's mission among the Indians and frontiers, I came under consideration. And they report that they performed their mis- I sion to the frontiers and among the Indians. That they found on the fron- I 376 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1767. tiers numbers of people earnestly desirous of forming themselves into con- gregations, and declaring their willingness to exert their utmost in order^ to have the gospel among them, but iu circumstances exceedingly distressing and necessitous from the late calamities of the war in these parts. And also, that they visited the Indians at the chief town of the Delaware Nation, on the Muskingum, about one hundred and thirty miles beyond Fort Pitt, and were received much more cheerfully than they could have expected. That a con- siderable number of them waited on the preaching of the gospel with peculiar attention, many of them appearing solemnly concerned about the great matters of religion, that they expressed an earnest desire of having further opportuni- ties of hearing those things; that they informed them, that several other tribes of Indians around them were ready to join with them in receiving the gospel, and earnestly desiring an opportunity. Upon the whole, that there does ap- pear a very agreeable prospect of a door opening for the gospel being spread among those poor benighted savaige tribes. The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Brainerd and Cooper to pay a visit to our frontier settlements and the Indians on Muskingum and other places, and tarry with them at least three months this summer, provided the report brought back by the Indian interpreter, Joseph, from them and delivered to the Rev. Dr. Alison, and Messrs. Treat, Beatty, and Ewing, proves encour- aging, which gentlemen are hereby appointed a committee to receive and judge of said report. Ordered also, That Messrs. Brainerd and Cooper take no money from the frontier settlements for their ministerial labours among them. "^Ordered, That Mr. McKnight supply Mr. Brainerd's place among the Indians, and at Mount Holly the second, third, and fourth Sabbaths of July, and that Mr. Williani Tennent serve Mr. McKnight with a copy of this minute. Ordered, That the Lewestown Presbytery send a supply to Egg Harbour and the vacancies in those parts, five Sabbaths in the month of August and one in the month of September. And that Mr. Alexander supply in these parts the three last Sabbaths of September. And the Synod do agree to pay out of the fund in their hands, raised for pious uses, to the young men sent by Lewestown Presbytery, and to Mr. Alex- ander for their labours in those parts, at the usual rates for supplies. The consideration of the correspondence with foreign churches resumed ; and the committee appointed at our last Synod for that purpose, report, that for some prudential reasons they did not comply with the order. The Synod do, therefore, appoint the Rev. Dr. Alison, Messrs. Treat, Rodgers, Ewing, Treat, junior, Beatty, McWhorter, and Dr. Williamson, to be a committee for the said purpose, and that they be punctual in preparing letters to the foreign churches, to be laid before our next Synod. An overture was made by Mr. Robert Smith, that he might be set off from Donegall Presbytery, and have leave to join New Castle, as it is much more convenient, which was granted. The Synod do appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, McWhorter, Kirkpatrick, Ramsey, and Montgomery, to be a committee to wait further on the corpora- tion for the widows' fund, and get an answer to the queries proposed, and transact all afitiirs with said corporation for the present year, and that the com- mittee make a full report of the whole to the Synod next year. Ordered, That Mr. Treat pay out of the fund for pious uses, the printer for two hundred and fifty copies of the ruling elders' plan. The Rev. Mr. Roan drops his appeal from a judgment of a committee of the Synod, appointed at Hanover, two years ago, provided that it shall not be understood that he acquiesces in said judgment. 1768.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 377 Ordered, That the stated clerk of Synod give Messrs. Brainerd and Cooper \ proper certificates for their journey. '^ Adjourned to the third VVednesday of May next, to meet at the first Presby- terian Church in Philadelphia, at ten o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1768. PMladelphia, the \%th day of May, 1768. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met at the first Presbyterian Church, according to adjournment. Of Dutchess : Rev. Messrs. Wheeler Chase, Thomas Lewis. Of New York : Rev. IMessrs. Azariah Horton, Aaron Richards, John Rod- gers, Benjamin Woodruff, Abner Brush, Alexander McWhorter, James Cald- well, Azel Roe, Joseph Treat, Nathan Kerr, Francis Peppard, Jedediah Chapman. Of New Brunswick : Rev. IMessrs. William Tennent, Israel Reed, Thomas Smith, John Rosborough, William Kirkpatrick, John Blair. Of Philadelphia fii'st Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, William Ramsey. Second Presbytery of Philadelphia : Rev. Messrs. John Ewing, Patrick Alison. Of New Castle : Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, Elihu Spencer, Robert Smith, William McKennan, John Carmichael. Of Lewestown : Rev. Messrs. John Millar, Matthew Wilson, Joseph Mont- gomery. Of Donegall : Rev. Messrs. John Roan, John Hogg, James Hunt, John Strain, John Slemmons, Robert Cooper, Amos Thomson. Elders : John Moore, Nathaniel McKinley, Dr. Burnet, Dr. Bloomfield, Bethuel Pierson, Aaron Mattison, Jacob Reeder, Philip Wynkoop, Joseph Pithian, Dr. Williamson, Dr. Lyon, Manasseh Logue, John Whitehill, Samuel Culbertson, John Voorhees, James Ramsey, Isaiah Potter. Absent, Dutchess County Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. John Smith, Elisha Kent, Eliphalet Ball, Solomon Mead, James Peck, Samuel Dunlop. Suffolk Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. Ebenezer Prime, Silvanus White, Samuel Buel, James Brown, Nehemiah Barker, Benjamin Tallmage, Benjamin Gould- smith, David Rose, William Mills, John Close, Elam Potter, Samson Oc- cum. New Brunswick Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. James McCrea, John Guild, Charles McKnight, Samuel Kennedy, Amos Thomson, Job Prudden, James Lyon, John Hanna. New York Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. Simon Horton, Abner Reeve, Jonathan Elmer, Benjamin Hait, Jacob Green, James Tuttle, Hugh Knox, John Malby, Moses Tuttle, John Moffat. First Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. Charles Beatty, John Brainerd, Nehemiah Greenman. Second Philadelphia Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. John Simonton, James Latta. Lewes Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Charles Tennent, Jacob Kerr, Alexander Huston, John Harris. Donegall Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Adam Boyd, Andrew Bay, James Finley. All Hanover Presbytery absent, 48 378 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1768. The Kev. Mr. Hunter, last year's moderator, opened tte Synod by a sermon from Gal. i. 8. The Rev. Mr. Blair was chosen moderator for the ensuing year ; who, after receiving the usual charge from the last year's moderator, took the chair. And Messrs. Montgomery and Ramsey were chosen clerks. The reasons offered by Messrs. Joseph Treat, Abner Brush, Nathan Kerr, John Carmichael, Thomas Smith, Amos Thomson, for non-attendance last year, are sustained; and John Hogg's absence for this several years past, ex- cused. Mr. Chauncey Graham is now come, and his elder, Mr. Potter. The Rev. John Clark is also come. New York Presbytery report, that they have licensed to preach the gospel since our last, Alexander Miller ; and that Mr. Samuel Parkhurst was removed by death, the 11th of March, 1768. Suffolk Presbytery report, th^t they have licensed William Woodhull to preach the gospel. New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the ministry, Mr. Jeremiah Halsey. Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, that they have licensed Messrs Tho- mas Reed and John King ; and that Mr. James Latta, a licensed candidate, who was sent by the Synod to the southern parts, informs them by letter, that he is joined with the Presbytery in South Carolina. New Castle Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. Joseph Smith to preach the gospel. Dutchess County Presbytery report, that Mr. Samuel Sacket has declined their jurisdiction, and that they have suspended from the work of the ministry Mr. William Hanah. The Lewes Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the ministry, Mr. Thomas McCrakin, who, being present, took his seat; and that they have licensed to preach the gospel, Messrs. James Watt, Samuel Eakin, and John Bacon. Donegall Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the ministry, Mr. John Craighead, who, being present, took his seat; and that they have licensed Hezekiah James Balch to preach the gospel : and a mem- ber reports, that the Rev. Mr. Robert Henry departed this life the 8 th of May, 1767. The Synod appoint, for a committee of overtures, Messrs. Lewis Woodruflf, Thomas Smith, Hunter, Patrick Alison, Robert Smith, Hunt, Miller, Case, Elders, Dr. Bloomfield, Dr. Burnet, John Voorhees, and Dr. Lyon, to meet to- morrow morning, at six o'clock, in this place, and by adjournment from time to time, as occasion may require, during the session. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine of the clock. Concluded with prayer. 19th, at nine o'cloch, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post jpreces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Messrs. Green, Simonton, Griffith, are now come, and their reasons for non-attendance yesterday, sustained. The Rev. Messrs. Jones, Halsey, and Chesnutt, are also now come, and Mr. Jones' elder, Col. Jacob Ford ; their reasons for not attending yesterday, sus- tained. The Rev. Mr. Duffield is now come, and his reasons for non-attendance yes- terday, sustained ; his elder, John McBride, is also come. Messrs. Treat and Caldwell are appointed a committee to examine New Bruns- wick Presbytery book. 1768.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 379 Messrs. Eced and Roan are appointed a committee to examine the first Phi- ladelphia Presbytery book. Messrs. Eodgers and Wilson arc appointed a committee to examine Donegall Presbytery book. Messrs. Kirkpatrick and Ewing are appointed a committee to examine New York Presbytery book. Messrs. Duffield and Cooper are appointed a committee to examine Lewes- town Presbytery book. Messrs. llobert Smith and Spencer are appointed a committee to examine Dutchess County Presbytery book. The Presbytery books of Suifolk, New Castle, Hanover, and the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, are not present. The report of the committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey College, belonging to the Synod for the educa- tion of poor and pious youth, deferred. And the Synod appoint for a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Lewis, Mills, Azariah Hortou, Jones, William Tennent, Reed, Kirkpatrick, Hunter, Ewing, Spencer, Roan, Robert Smith, Miller, Montgomery, Duffield, Graham, Case, with the moderator; and elders Col. Ford, Dr. Williamson, Dr. Bloomfield, Dr. Burnet, Dr. Lyon, and Mr. Voorhees. Thirteen of whom to be a quorum ; but if the moderator die, or is absent, the first mentioned on the roll in the minutes, shall have power to call the commission and preside. Mr. Brush's reasons for not fulfilling his appointments to Mr. Brainerd's congregation, and Neshaminy, as ordered in the year 1766, are sustained. Mr. Kennedy did not fulfil his appointment in going to Albany, on the ac- count of sickness in his family, and other reasons satisfactory to the Synod. Mr. Slemmons, who went home last year without obtaining leave, is ex- cused. Mr. Rodgers complied with his appointment to Albany. The Presbytery of New York fulfilled their appointment in supplying the New York congregation in Mr. Rodgers' absence. The only members of Sufiblk Presbytery that could safely go to New York, agreed to supply there ; but some of them were disappointed. All the appointments to the southward were complied with, except by Mr. Anderson, who is not present ; and by Mr. Bay, who, not being here, it is not known whether he complied or not. All the members appointed to supply Philadelphia second congregation com- plied, except Mr. Roe, Mr. Miller, Mr. Montgomery, Mr. Chesnutt, whose reasons for not complying are sustained. The Donegall Presbytery book not being sent, on the account of Mr. Blair's removal, the committee did not review it. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three d'cloch, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Dr. Alison is now come, and his elder, Charles Thomson. The Doctor's reasons for non-attendance sooner, sustained. Mr. Bay is now come, and his reasons for not attending sooner, are sustained. The committee appointed to dispose of the interest of the money in the hands of the treasurer of the College of New Jersey, for the support of poor and pious youth at said college, report, that there will remain on hands, of the interest of the fund aforesaid, not disposed of, against the first of October next, the sum of fifty two pounds proclamation money of New Jersey. And the 380 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1768. Synod appoint as a committee for disposing of said money for the present year, the llev. Messrs. William Tennent, Guild, Brainerd, Kirkpatrick, Ewing, Blair, Caldwell, and Reed, to meet for that purpose at Princeton, on the third Wednesday of August next. Mr. Brainerd is now come, and the reasons of his not coming sooner, sus- tained. Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 20th day, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Mr. James Finley is now come, and his elder, Mr. Robert Maeky. Mr. Finley is excused for not attending sooner. The Synod proceeded to consider the affair of the Indian school under the inspection of the Rev. Mr. Braiaerd ; and it appears from Mr. Brainerd's re- port, that there is still a school existing among the Indians under his care ; and the Synod do agree to continue to support said school, and do appoint the usual salary of thirty pounds to be paid to Mr. Brainerd for the ensuing year ; and do order the clerk of the Synod to give an order for that sum on the Synodical treasurer. It is further agreed to allow Mr. Brainerd the sum of twenty pounds as an addition to his salary, for his extensive services and labour in those uncultivated parts ; and that the clerk also give an order to Mr. Brainerd on the Synodical treasurer for this purpose. The Synod do also order Mr. Brainerd to receive for the current year the sum of eighteen pounds, being the interest of the money in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey College, appointed to support an Indian mission. Messrs. Brainerd and Cooper report, that they did not execute their mission among the Indians on the Muskingum, and other parts, as ordered at last Synod, by reason of the discouraging accounts brought in by the interpreter, Joseph, sent out as mentioned in our last year's minutes, and other discour- aging circumstances. And as it appears that Mr. Brainerd had occasion to be at the expense of sending an Indian to prepare the way for his intended mis- sion, therefore the Synod do agree to pay the sum of five pounds to discharge said expense. Ordered, that the Synodical treasurer pay said sum. The Synod taking under consideration the deplorable condition of the Indian tribes, the natives of this land, who sit in heathenish darkness, and are perish- ing for lack of knowledge, do appoint the following persons to be a committee to draw up and concert a general plan, to be laid before this Synod at their next meeting, to be approved by them in order to prepare the way to propagate the gospel among these benighted people, viz. Dr. Alison, Messrs. Read, Treat, Ewing, William Tennent, Rogers, Brainerd, McWhorter, Caldwell, Dr. Wil- liamson, Charles Thomson, and the moderator, to meet at Elizabethtown, the first AVednesday of October next. The Synod proceeded to consider how far each Presbytery had complied with the order of last Synod, in respect of the plan laid by some lay elders some time ago and adopted by this Synod; and a satisfactory account not being given, the Synod do appoint that each Presbytery do order one of their mem- bers to bring in a particular account in writing how far each congregation in their bounds have complied with said regulations, against the next Synod. Adjourned to three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The members of this Synod, appointed to meet the convention at New Ha- ven last year, report, that many of them did meet according to order, and the f- 1768.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 381 plan laid before the Synod last year was accepted ; and that they have ap- pointed another convention the first Wednesday of October, at Elizabethtown, and the following gentlemen are now appointed by this Synod to be delegates from this body to meet at said convention, viz. Messrs. Case, Kent, Lewis, Mills, llodgers, Jones, Jacob Green, Caldwell, William Tcnueut, Kirkpatrick, Blair, SiJcncer, Robert Smith, Miller, Montgomery, Duffield, Hunt, llichard Treat, Hunter, Ewing, Joseph Treat, Dr. Alison, Mead, Close, Brainerd, Alison, Finley, James Kerr, and Cooper. The Synod do order Dr. Alison to write to the General Association of the Consociated Churches in Connecticut, to appoint one of their members to open the convention with a sermon at Elizabethtown. And the Synod order, that the minutes of said convention be laid before this body every y-ear. Mr. Thompson has obtained leave to go home. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 21st day, at nine o'docJc, A. 31. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui stipra. (Except Mr. Voorhees, who is gone home without leave.) Mr. Huston is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained. A question was proposed by a member of the Synod, which is, whether the committee of overtures are to be considered as agents and coun.sels, or shall they be considered as judges ? The consideration of which is deferred to next Synod. A proposal was brought in desiring the Synod to fall upon some general plan to prevent irregularities in respect of marriage, and it is recommended to every member of this Synod carefully to consider the said afiair, and be ready to deliver their sentiments on the subject next Synod. An address from several gentlemen who call themselves members of Donegall Presbytery, was brought in and read ; the consideration of which is deferred till Monday afternoon. Adjourned to ten o'clock on Monday next, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 23c? day, ten dclock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of an address of a number of gentlemen who call them- selves the Presbytery of Donegall, deferred till the afternoon. Some members made a motion that the afi'air of Mr. Tennent's request be reconsidered, which was agreed to, but deferred till next sederunt. New Castle Presbytery book is now brought in, and Mr. Jones and Mr. Richards are appointed a committee to examine it. The committee appointed to meet with the corporation for the relief of poor and distressed Presbyterian ministers, and of their widows and children, &c. report, that they waited on said corporation and proposed the following que- ries, viz : 1st. What power the committee of the Synod have in the distribution of some money raised by virtue of an act of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, and by them put into the hands of the corporation aforesaid ? 2d. What was the total sum put into the hands of said corporation by the General Assembly aforesaid, to be disposed of in conjunction with the com- mittee of the Synod ? 3d. What part of said money the corporation have allotted for the committee to have any concern with ? 4th. Whether there ia any of said money to be disposed of this year for the 382 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1768. purposes mentioned in the act of the Greneral Assembly of the Church of Scotland ? To which queries the committee further report, that they have received the following answer from the corporation aforesaid, viz : " At a meeting of the corporation for the relief of poor and distressed Pres- byterian ministers, and of their widows and children, held at the second Pres- byterian church in Philadelphia, May the 27th, 1767. There is inserted in their minutes the following resolution : "The answer to the questions proposed by the committee of the Synod came under consideration. " In answer, the corporation declare that it is the sense of this board, that though a corporate body may not in the management of their affairs, legally associate with persons not in membership; yet in regard to the limitation of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, we judge it incumbent on us to consult with the committee, aiM mutually to propose and to agree with one another in the uses to which the money is to be applied ; provided always, that if the Synod do not appoint a committee, or if that committee do not attend the corporation, it shall not be hindered to proceed to do business. May the \^ih, 1767. " At a meeting of the corporation at the first Presbyterian church in this city, it was determined, " That the interest of seven hundred pounds sterling is to be disposed of yearly for the time to come, if there be occasion for it, with the advice and con- sent of the Synod's committee. "Ordered, That the secretary give a copy of this our answer to the questions proposed by the committee. " A true copy, by Francis Alison, Secretary." The further consideration of this affair deferred. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'cloclc, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the request of several gentlemen who call themselves the Presbytery of Donegall was resumed, and after much conversation and rea- soning on the head, it was agreed to defer it till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 24;7t day, nine of the o^chch, A. M. the Synod met according to adjourn- ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of Mrs. Tennent further deferred. The Synod resumed the consideration of the report of their committee ap- pointed last year to examine the state of the accounts of some money put into the hands of the corporation, for the relief of poor and distressed Presbyterian ministers, &c. by the General Assembly of the church of Scotland, to be dis- posed of by said corporation in conjunctien with a committee of the Synod, and do approve of the above queries put to said corporation by their commit- tee ; but judge that the answers given by the corporation are not fully satis- factory in these following points, viz : That the total sum of the money col- lected by the Church of Scotland is not specified, and secondly, that no account is given how this money has been disposed of since it came into their hands; and also, that the corporation seem to insinuate that they have a power to dispose of said money if the committee of the Synod neglect or otherwise 1768.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 383 do not attend them ; and therefore do appoint the following gentlemen a com- mittee to attend upon said corporation this year, to transact all affairs relative to said money, viz : ]Messrs. Spencer, McWhorter, Eamsey, Kirkpatrick, and Montgomery, three of whom are to be a quorum. The Synod resumed the consideration of the request of the gentlemen who call themselves the Donegall Presbytery, and after much reasoning on the sub- ject the further consideration of it is deferred till the afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three dcloclc, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Philip Wynkoop, Mr. Richard Treat's elder, having gone home on Saturday, and not being able to return, Mr. Thomas 13ourne, another elder of the same congregation, is permitted to take his place. Messrs. Hugh Huston and Samuel Culbertson are gone home without leave. The request of the gentlemen who call themselves the Presbytery of Done- gall, was resumed, and after much time spent in hearing all that was said upon the subject, it was voted whether their request should be granted or not, and it was carried in the negative by a great majority. There being nothing in their petition but what was requested by them last year and then denied, and there now appearing no new light upon the subject, the Synod judge that the door is still open for them to return in a regular manner by becoming members of the Presbytery of Donegall, and as such taking their seats in this house, which if they will do, the Synod hereby declare that they are still willing to receive them, and upon their becoming members, to hear all complaints and as far as in their power to redress all grievances, and to attend to all proposals that may be made to heal differences and promote the Mediator's kingdom, and then to new model Presbyteries if it should be judged necessary by this Synod. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 1f)th day, at nine o'cloc/c, A. M., the Synod met according to adjournm,ent. Post preces sederunt qui supi-a. (Except Mr. Sparks, Mr. Chesnutt's elder, who is gone home without leave.) Mr. Fithian has leave to go home. Mrs. Tennent's complaint came under consideration, which the Synod remit to the Presbytery of Lewes, and at their particular request appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Finley, McKennan, Enoch Green, and Ramsey, to meet with said Presbytery as correspondents, and assist them in all their determina- tions on said affair, to meet at Buckingham on the third Wednesday of Novem- ber next. Upon reading the minute of yesterday concerning the brethren who call themselves the Presbytery of Donegall, Mr. Tate said, that he and his brethren with him were not authorized to make any other proposals to the Synod beside those mentioned in their petition, yet he believed that if the Synod would allow the Rev. Messrs. Sampson Smith and Beard to join the Presbytery of New Castle, Mr. Thomson that of Donegall, and the Rev. Messrs. Steel, Elder, and McMordie, the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, it might heal the breach ; in the mean time he desired liberty to join the second Presbytery of Philadel- phia. The Rev. Mr. Lang being present, being asked whether he was willing to be joined to the Presbytery of Donegall, answered, that he rather chose to belong to the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, but if the Synod judged it the 384 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1768. best expedient for peace, and the rest of his dissatisfied brethren would come into the general plan, he would consent. Therefore, after due deliberation the Synod came to this conlusion, viz : That although they highly disapprove of the conduct of these brethren since their departure from the Synod, yet for the sake of peace they authorize the above mentioned Presbyteries to receive them in the following manner, viz : the Rev. Messrs. Thompson and Lang into the Presbytery of Donegall, the Rev. Messrs. Beard and S. Smith into the Presby- tery of New Castle, and the Rev. Messrs. Steel, Elder, Tate, and McMordie, into the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, provided that they apply for admis- sion the fii-st convenient opportunity. But the Synod agree that this regulation is not intended to subject these vacancies that now are or hereafter shall be in the bounds of the Presbytery of Donegall to any other Presbytery, nor shall they apply at any time to any other without express leave obtained from that Presbytery. And it is further agreed, that if any of said brethren comply with said regulations, they shall previously and expressly withdraw their declinature entered at New York, 1766, and without this they shall not be admitted as members of this Synod or any of its Presbyteries. Ordered, That the clerk give Mr. Tate a copy of this minute. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o^lock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Peppard had leave to go home, and Mr. John Whitehill, Mr. Robert Smith's elder. Mr. Strain brought in a protest against the above determination of the Synod in these words, viz : I enter my protest against the above written determination of Synod for the following reasons. 1. Because I look upon said determination to be the erecting a monument of the former division of this church. 2. I apprehend that the foresaid determination, affecting the state of those three Presbyteries, in the bounds of which the people have been most divided formerly, will have nearly the same effect in reviving and confirming the preju- dices of the people, that a division of this Synod would have. Therefore, 3. I apprehend it will have a tendency greatly to obstruct the success of the gospel of our dear Lord Jesus Christ. 4. The foresaid determination appears to me too much to approve the schis- matical conduct of those gentlemen who declined, and so far as it does so, the Synod adopts their schismatical practices and lies under the heavy guilt of the same. 5. Although I am persuaded, that the Synod does in this act seek the peace of the church, yet the act itself tends to make the true peace of the church, and in some measure the success of the gospel, a sacrifice to appease the wrath of a few, and so it opens the door for unrestrained passion to demand from this body whatever satisfaction it chooses. And as I think the exoneration of conscience, a freedom from the Synod's guilt in this affair, and bearing a testimony for the cause of Christ, are the motives which excite me to my present conduct ; that these ends may be an- swered I humbly pray this Synod to insert this my protest and reasons in their minutes. Signed by John Strain. The dissent of the Rev. Messrs. Roan, Cooper, Slemmons, and Duffield, from the same determination of Synod, was brought in and read in the following words, viz : 1768.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 385 To the Eeverend Synod of New York and Philadclpliia : It is with much real concern and distress of mind wc find ourselves obliged to inform this body that we can by no means approve the determination of this Synod disposing of a number of members formerly belonging to the Donegall Presbytery, as expressed in said determination. Our reasons are, 1. The only reason ever offered by the gentlemen now new modelled, for any such step being taken, was bad temper and want of brotherly love, which tem- per they prayed the Synod to indulge, and the Synod have in our opinion, con- trary to the spirit of the Christian religion, granted them that indulgence. 2. The petition of those gentlemen for separation from their brethren of Do- negall, did contain by necessary implication very heavy charges against their brethren; and the Synod have, by allowing them separation, confirmed those charges without ever allowing their brethren so charged, the privilege of a fair hearing, but positively refusing it, though repeatedly and earnestly prayed for by the brethren thus charged. 3. The Synod have for three several years insisted that these gentlemen should return and sit with their brethren ; this they have loudly complained of and represented the Synod's conduct as tyrannical, and on this entered a declina- ture in the year 176G, and have adhered to it ever since. The Synod have, by their present act, declared that charge to have been well founded, and have therefore themselves proposed as the very foundation of having that declina- ture withdrawn, their renunciation of that sentiment, and approached to an ex- pedient proposed by some of those gentlemen. 4. Those gentlemen have been in the judgment of this Synod and in the face of the world, most zealously engaged in spreading schism, rending congrega- tions as far as in their power, and openly reproaching the Synod as arbitrary and cruel ; all which conduct, we apprehend the Synod does patronize by this determination of admitting them to membership without any proper acknow- ledgment of their having acted wrong herein. 5. This determination, in our opinion, is a departing from and counteracting the very spirit and design of the plan of union, as it is in a great part built on the very footing of party, and instead of demolishing a Presbytery, which in the judgment of many members of this house, ought not to be allowed an ex- istence, it is increased and strengthened. 6. This determination is, in our opinion, formed also on the subversion of discipline in the church, as it respects ministers, inasmuch as, according to this determination, those gentlemen are as we apprehend covered over from being called to account for any past mal-conduct, and brought into good standing under the bare mention in the minute of synodical disapprobation for their irregularity. 7. It is, in our opinion, setting a most pernicious precedent, as what has been granted to them cannot consistently be refused to any others who may at any time request it. But a request of disunion from their brethren thrice con- demned by the Synod, and yet obstinately persisted in though never supported by any one approved reason, has, in this determination, been granted them, and consequently any other repeatedly denied and unsupported request must here- after be granted also. 8. This determination manifestly erects a monument of division, in the body, as a number of those brethren are not only granted separation from their breth- ren of Donegall, but brought through another Presbytery and joined to a third at the distance of more than one hundred miles from some of the members, to the great abuse of much precious time which might be better employed in some other service. On the whole, the step taken by the Synod, however specious it may at first view appear, is, in our opinion, subversive of good order, derogatory to this 49 386 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1768. reverend body, prejudicial to the interests of religion, and evidently tending to division, anarchy, and confusion, and as such we bear our open testimony against it, and solemnly declare our dissent from it, and pray that this our dissent, and the reasons of it, be entered in the records of this Synod. John Roan, John Slemmons, Robert Cooper, George Duffield. Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 26 dayy at nine o'clock, A. 31. Tlie Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. (^xcept Mr. McKinley, Mr. Rodgers' elder, who is gone home without lea^e.) *■ /trhe Synod proceeded to hear and consider a Latin letter to the Church of Geneva, which was approved, and ordered to be transcribed, and signed by the moderator. A letter directed to the Synod of North Holland was also read and approved; and the Synod do appoint the following gentlemen to prepare letters to the fol- lowing churches, viz. Mr. Rodgers, a letter to the Church of Holland; and Mr. Ewing, to the Church of Geneva ; Mr. Joseph Treat, to the Church of Switzerland ; the moderator to the Church of Scotland ; Mr. Robert Smith, to the Synod of seceding ministers in Scotland ; Dr. Williamson, to the ministers in and about London ; Dr. Alison, to the Synod of Ireland ; Mr. McWhorter, to the Churches in South Carolina; and Mr. Kirkpatrick, to the ministers in and about Dublin. And these letters are ordered to be prepared and ready to be laid before the Synod early in their session next year. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M., to meet at the second Presbyterian Church. Concluded with prayer. Second Presbyterian Church, three d clock, P. M. The Synod met accord- ing to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. A supplication was brought in from the honourable board of trustees of the New Jersey College, praying assistance in supporting a Professor of Divinity from the last year's collection, and was fully considered, and the Synod judge, that they cannot give any part of the money collected last year towards the support of a professor of Divinity in the said college, but do agree, and hereby order, a general collection to be made for this purpose, in all our congregations ; and that the money raised by this separate collection be applied particularly by this Synod yearly, for this purpose, till expended ; and in the mean time, in order to assist in supporting a Professor of Divinity in said college, the Synod do agree to give the present Professor the sum of fifty pounds out of the money now in the hands of our treasurer, to be refunded next year. Ordered, That Mr. Treat, our treasurer, pay this sum to the trustees of New Jersey College. Mr. McWhorter obtained leave to go home. A supplication from Sussex, on Delaware, for missionaries, was brought in and read. An application on the behalf of several distressed societies on the frontiers of Pennsylvania, and the South Branch of Potomac, was made by a member, for missionaries to be sent among them. Application was also made by a member on the behalf of Great Egg Har- bour, and parts adjacent, for missionaries to be sent among them. 1768.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 387 Ordered, That Lewostown Presbytery appoint their candidates to supply the Forest, in Sussex, on Delaware, eight Sabbaths, at the uiDst convenient places, for which the Synod order that their treasurer pay said candidates eight pounds. Application was made by a member on the behalf of the back parts of Balti- more and Frederick counties, in Maryland, requesting a missionary to be sent among them. The Synod order that the Presbytery of New Castle supply said parts by some of their candidates, or members, four Sabbaths, for which the Synod allow four pounds. Ordered, That Mr. ]]oyd supply at Great Egg Harbour, and parts adjacent, four Sabbaths, viz. the three last Sabbaths of October, and the first of Novem- ber, for which, together with his expenses in going there, the Synod allow him five pounds. Also, that Mr. Thomas Smith supply them three Sabbaths at discretion, taking care to notify them in due time, for which the Synod allow him three pounds. Ordered, That Mr. Eoan supply at the South Branch of Potomac, three Sabbaths at discretion, for which the Synod allow him four pounds ten shil- lings. Ordered, That Mr. Halsey supply two Sabbaths in Sherman's Valley, and one at Bullskin, at discretion, for which the Synod allow him three pounds. Ordered, That Mr. Jackson supply four Sabbaths north of the Kittatiuning Hills, for which the Synod allow him four pounds; and that Mr. Balch supply four Sabbaths north of the Kittatinning Hills, for which the Synod allow him four pounds. Ordered, That Mr. Hunt supply the vacancies north of the city of Albany, five Sabbaths, at discretion, for which he is allowed five pounds. A call for Mr. McCreary, a candidate under the care of the New Castle Pres- bytery from the inhabitants of Long Canes Settlement, in South Carolina, was brought in and read ; as also a supplication to the Reverend Synod, requesting their concurrence in presenting said call, and urging his acceptance thereof. Also, another supplication from said place, requesting, (providing Mr. McCreary should reject their call,) to grant them a stated supply for six months, of some skilful minister. The Synod gave said call into the hands of Mr. McCreary, requiring his answer to it, who replied, that he had not clearness at present to determine either in favour or against the said call, and requested time to deli- berate on it, which is granted, and the Synod recommend it to Mr. McCreary to determine the matter as soon as conveniently he can, and give his answer to New Castle Presbytery, who are desired in case of his accepting the said call, to ordain him as soon as they can. A supplication from Cathey's Settlement, and Fourth Creek, North Caro- lina, requesting supplies, especially by Mr. McCreary, was brought in and read. A supplication also from Coddle -Creek for supplies, especially by Mr. McCreary, was brought in and read. A supplication also from the Three Creeks, and upper part of Catawba River, for supplies, especially for Mr. Bay, was brought in and read; also, an appli- cation by Mr. Bay, for supplies in behalf of Spotsylvania, in Virginia, Upper Haw River, Deep River, Anson County, Bush River, Fair Forest, Indian Creek, the forks of Tiger River, Union congi-egation, Bullock's Creek, Clark's Forest, Bethel congregation, Fishing Creek, Hitchcock Creek,' upon Pee Dee River, Pine Tree Hill, and Stephen's Creek. A supplication from Steel Creek and Providence, in Mecklenburg county. North Carolina, for supplies, was brought in and read, especially for Mr. Lewis, Mr. McCreary, or Mr. Potter, to continue some time with them in order to settlement. 388 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1768. A supplication also from Timber Ridge, in Virginia, for supplies. A memorial from Col. Alexander McNatt, in Nova Scotia, setting forth the deplorable state of that new part of the Church, and earnestly requesting two ordained ministers, to continue some time to ordain elders and organize the churches. Also an application by Mr. Jackson, on the behalf of several congregations in Augusta county, Virginia, for supplies. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, eight o'clock, to meet at Market-street meeting-house. Concluded with prayer. 27 day, eight ddoch, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The second Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have received Mr. Joseph Tate, having withdra'\yn his declinature, and promising subjection to the jurisdiction of this Synod, and he being present, took his seat. A letter was read from the Rev. Mr. Sacket, praying that the Synod would take under their consideration the unhappy diiference betwixt him and the Presbytery of Dutchess county. A supplication was also brought in and read from Bedford, in West Ches- ter county, praying that a committee of this Synod may be appointed to meet at said place to settle all differences in the congregation, and after due delibe- ration, the Synod do appoint the following gentlemen to be a committee of this Synod to meet at Bedford the last Wednesday of August, to hear all affairs relative to both the above petitions, and finally settle all differences, viz. Messrs. John Rodgers, Caldwell, McWhorter, William Tennent, Lewis, Mills, Close, Kerr, Reeve, Jones, Hait, and Joseph Treat. A supplication was brought in and read from the Presbyterian Church in the city of Albany, setting forth their distressed condition on the account of a heavy debt contracted by building their church, praying assistance. The Synod do sincerely pity their distressed condition, but find it is not in their power at present to help them. A petition was brought in by Messrs. Robert Knox and Anthony Pearson, in behalf of themselves and fifty-one other persons, complaining of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, as Dr. Alison, Mr. Ewing, Mr. Patrick Alison, they judge, are not competent judges in the afiair of presenting a call to the Rev. Patrick Alison, to the pastoral charge of the first Presbyterian Church in this city, and was read, and fully considered, and the Synod judge that the afiair does not regularly come before this judicature, as there is now a sufiicient number of members to constitute a Presbytery, if these gentlemen, before men- tioned, should be set aside as improper to judge in this afiair. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three d clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui siqjra. Mr. Horton, Mr. Kerr, Mr. Kirkpatrick, Mr. Spencer, obtained leave to go home. Ordered, That the treasurer of the Synod pay to the janitor who attended us last year, the sum of three pounds, and the same sum to the janitor for this year. Mr. Montgomery has leave to join the New Castle Presbytery, obtaining a regular dismission from Lewes, but it is ordered he attend with the Lewes Presbytery at Buckingham, the third Wednesday of November. The Synod do appoint the Rev. Mr. Bay to pay a visit to the vacancies 1769.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA, 389 above the city of Albany, for six Sabbaths, as soon as convenient, for which hu is to receive six pounds. The Synod do appoint Mr. Jackson, a licensed candidate in the Presbytery of New York, to take a journey to the southern provinces; and in order more fully to answer the end of his mission, the Synod do recommend it to either the Presbyteries of Doncgall or Hanover, to ordain the said Mr. Jackson as soon as possible. Mr. Halsey is also appointed to take a journey to the southern provinces. Mr. Tate is appointed also to take a journey to the western parts of Virginia, and to North Carolina, in the fall of this year, if the state of his congregation will permit. And the moderator and clerk are ordered to give the above gentlemen proper credentials ; and also to Mr. Lewis, if he should think proper to go to North Carolina next fall ; also to jMr. Bay. The Synod can send no missionaries to Nova Scotia this year, but determine to consider it next Synod. Mr. Anderson is appointed to take a tour on the Western frontiers of this Province, to set off" as soon as possible, and preach in the vacancies on these frontiers at least twelve Sabbaths, for which he is to receive twenty shillings for every Sabbath that he preaches on the other side of the Kittatinning Moun- tains, and to take his directions from the Donegall Presbytery. Mr. McCreary is also appointed to preach over these mountains four Sab- baths, at the directions of the Donegall Presbytery, for which he is to receive four pounds. The Synod order Mr. Strain to supply the Second Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia the first Sabbath of June ; Mr. Green, the second ; Mr. Eakin, the third and fourth Sabbaths ; Mr. Carmichael, first Sabbath of July ; Mr. Hunt, the third of July; Mr. Chapman, the last of July and fii-st of Au- gust; Mr. Hunter, the second Sabbath; Mr. Richards, third and fourth of August; Mr. Bay, first and second September; Mr. Carmichael, third Sep- tember; Mr. Robert Smith, fourth of September and first of October; Mr. IMontgomery, second and third of October ; Mr. WoodrufiP, fourth and fifth of October. Ordered, That the moderator sign all letters to the foreign churches. Adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next, 10 of the clock, A. M. to meet at the Second Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. Concluded with prayer. 1769. Philadelphia, May 17th, 1769. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, at the second Presbyterian church in this city. Uhi post jweces sederunt From the Presbytery of Donegall : the Rev. George Duffield, John Strain, Robert Cooper, John Slemmons, John Craighead. Of Lcwestown Presbytery : the Rev John Miller, Matthew Wilson. Of New Castle Presbytery : the Rev. Alexander McDowel, Robert Smith, William McKennan, John Montgomery, James Finley, John Carmichael. Of first Philadelphia Presbytery : the Rev. Richard Treat, Andrew Hunter, John Brainerd, Benjamin Chesnutt, William Ramsey, John Clark, Enoch Green. Of second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. Alison, John Simonton, John Ewing, James Latta, Patrick Alison. 390 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1769. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : tte Eev. John Blair, William Kirkpatrick, John Eosborough. Of Suffolk Presbytery : the Bev. John Close. Of New York Presbytery : the Bev. Azariah Horton, Dr. Bodgers, Aaron Eichards, Benjamin Hait, James Caldwell. Elders : Messrs. Benjamin Blaith, Thomas Conary, Bobert Macky, William Brown, Maskel Ewing, Isaac Abraham, James Sterret, James Eolston, John Brooks, William P. Smith, Christopher Hughs, John Maxwell, Az. McClane, Dr. Williamson. Absent of Hanover Presbytery : the Bev. Messrs. Blaith, Craig, Zaneky, Brown, Todd, McCadden, Eice, Patillo, Criswell, D. Caldwell, Cummins, Wad- dle, Alexander, Leak. Donegall Presbytery : the Eev. Mr. Samuel Thomson, John Eowan, John Hogg, James Hunt, James Lang. Lewestown Presbytery : th^Eev. Charles Tennent, John Harris, Alexander Huston, James McCrakin, John Bacon. New Castle Presbytery : the Eev. Elihu Spencer, Andrew Bay, John Mc- Creary. First Philadelphia Presbytery : the Eev. Charles Beatty, Nehemiah Green- man. Second Philadelphia Presbytery : the Eev. John Elder, John Steel, Robert McMordie. New Brunswick Presbytery : the Eev. Charles McKnight, James Bead, John Hannah, Samuel Kennedy, Jer. Halsey, James Lyon, Job Prudden. Suffolk Presbytery : the Eev. Messrs. Prime, Buel, White, Brown, Barker, Goldsmith, Talmage, Eose, Lewis, Mills, Potter, Occum. The whole Presbytery of Dutchess County. New York Presbytery : the Eev. Messrs. John Pierson, Jacob Green, John Moffat, John Elmer, John Darby, Abner Eeeve, Nathan Kerr, Benjamin Woodruff, Azariah Eoe, Francis Peppard, John Maltby, Hugh Knox, Simon Horton, Abner Brush, Alexander McWhorter, Joseph Treat, J. Chapman, James Tuttle, Timothy Jones. Mr. John Blair, the last year's moderator, opened the Synod by a sermon from Eev. iii. 2, last clause. Mr. Kirkpatrick was chosen moderator. Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Patrick Alison were chosen clerks. Mr. Halt's and Mr. Latta's reasons for being absent last year, sustained. Donegall Presbytery report, that Mr. Samuel Thompson and Mr. James Lang have joined them, according to the minutes of the last Synod. Lewestown Presbytery report, they have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry Mr. John Brown. New Castle Presbytery report, the Eev. Mr. Adam Boyd was removed by death, Nov. 20, 1768. That they ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, Mr. John MeCreary, William Forster, and Mr. Joseph Smith, the two last of whom being present took their seats with Mr. James Huston, Mr. Smith's elder. And they further report, they have licensed to preach as candidates, Mr. John WoodhuU, ]Mr. Josiah Lewis, Mr. Hezekiah ]3alch ; that Mr. Samp- son Smith and Mr. John Baird had joined their Presbytery, according to the minutes of the last Synod ; and that they have suspended from the exercise of the gospel ministry, Mr. Sampson Smith, and that they have received the Eev. Daniel McClelland as a member of their Presbytery, who being present took his seat. The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, they have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, Mr. Alexander Mitchell, and received the Eev. Mr. James Sproat, late a member of the association of New Haven, in Connecticut 1769.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 391 who being present took their seats with their elders, Mr. Robert Patterson and Mr. Gunning ]?edforil. The second Pbihidelphia Presbytery report, that Mr. John Elder, Mr. John Steel, and Mr. Robert McMordie, joined them, according to the minute of the last Synod. New Rninswick Presbytery report, that they have received the Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, late member of the I'resbytery of Paisley, in Scotland, who being present took his scat. That the Rev. Mr. James JMcCrea was removed by death the tenth day of this instant, and that they have licensed Mr. Jacob Van Arsdalen to preach as a candidate. New York Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the gospel ministry, Mr. James Tuttle, and that Mr. Moses Tuttle has withdrawn himself from our jurisdiction. By a minute laid before us, signed by the moderator of the Presbytery of Hanover, we arc informed that ]Mr. Thomas Jackson and Mr. Samuel Leak were ordained by that Presbytery to the work of the gospel ministry. Mr. Jackson being present took his seat. The Synod appoint for a committee of overtures, the Rev. Mr. Cooper, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Fiuley, Mr. Ramsey, Mr. Latta, Mr. Blair, Mr. Hait, Mr. Close, and Mr. Jackson, with Mr. Maxwell, Mr. Sterret, and Maskel Ewing, elders, to meet here to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and as often afterwards as busi- ness may require. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 18^^ day^ nine o'clock, A. 31., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui sujjra. With the Rev. William Tennent, John Hogg, and Alexander McWhorter, who gave sufficient reasons for not attending yesterday. Also, Dr. Burnet, Jo- seph Cowen, and Hugh Whiteford, elders, are now present. Mr. Miller and Mr. Brainerd are appointed a committee to examine the Pres- bytery book of Donegall. Mr. Wilson and Mr. Montgomery are appointed a committee to examine the first Philadelphia Presbytery book. Dr. Rodgers and Mr. McWhorter are appointed a committee to examine the Presbytery book of New Brunswick. Mr. Robert Smith and Mr. Duffield are appointed a committee to examine the Presbytery book of New York. The Presbytery books of Hanover, Lewestown, New Castle, the second Pres- bytery of Philadelphia, Suffolk and Dutchess County, are not present. Ordered, That those books be brought next Synod. Mr. Tate is now come, and his reasons for not attending sooner are sustained. The committee appointed last year to pi'epare a plan for propagating the gos- pel among the Indians, report, that it appeared to them as yet inexpedient to enter on that important work. Ordered, That Dr. Alison, Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. Brainerd, and Mr. Ewing, be a committee to consult whether any plan can yet be de- vised for the purpose aforesaid, and make report to the Synod next Tuesday morning. The Synod appoint for their commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, Dr. Witherspoon, Sproat, Blair, Lewis, Mills, Azariah Horton, Jones, William Tennent, Reed, Hunter, Ewing, Spen- cer, Roan, Robert Smith, Miller, Montgomery, Duffield, and Close, with the moderator; with elders, Dr. Burnet, Dr. Williamson, Gunning Bedford, Wil- liam P. Smith, and Maskel Ewing, thirteen of whom to be a quorum ; but if 892 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1769. the moderator die or be absent, the first mentioned on the roll in the minute shall have power to call the commission and preside. Mr. Spencer is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained; his elder, Valentine Duchene, is also present. Mr. Richard Treat is appointed treasurer for the Synod, and the several Presbyterial treasurers are desired to give him in their accounts by Saturday morning. Mr. Jackson and Mr. Joseph Tate complied with the appointment of last Synod to supply to the southward. Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. (With Mr. Steel.) The committee appointed to meet at Bedford, report, they accordingly met and their minutes being produced were read, and the Synod approve of what they did except that part of their judgment which disunited Mr. Sacket from the Presbytery of Dutchess and annexed him to the Presbytery of New York, the propriety of which being debated, the question was put approve or not ? which was carried in the negative by a great majority 3 and Mr. Sacket is there- fore returned to the Presbytery of Dutchess county. From Mr. Brainerd's report respecting the school under his inspection, which the Synod agreed to support, we find it hath not been kept up more than half the last year, for which we therefore allow him fifteen pounds, which is half of what was voted last year. But as he expects he shall be able to continue that school the current year, having provided a master for that purpose, voted that he be allowed thirty pounds for the support of it. Ordered also. That Mr. Brainerd shall receive for the current year the sum of eighteen pounds, being the interest of the money in the hands of the trea- surer of the college of New Jersey for the support of an Indian mission, and that he also have twenty pounds from the Synodical treasurer for the continu- ance of his labours in the year past, in those desolate parts where he has been usefully employed, and the Synod desire Mr. Brainerd to supply in these parts as formerly. The delegates appointed to meet the Rev. Greneral Convention at Elizabeth- town last October, laid before the Synod the minutes of the convention agree- able to a standing order for that purpose. As the next general convention is to meet the fourteenth of September at New Haven, the Synod appoint to attend on that occasion the following mem- bers, viz : the Rev. Messrs. John Strain, Richard Treat, James Sproat, John Brainerd, Joseph Montgomery, John Craighead, Jacob Kerr, Elihu Spence, John Ewing, Patrick Alison, Dr. Witherspoon, William Tennent, Dr. Rodgers, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, John Close, Samuel Buel, Solomon Mead, and Wheeler Case ; Dr. Witherspoon is appointed to open the conven- tion, or in case of his absence Dr. Rodgers. Mr. Azariah Horton has leave to go home. Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 19 day, nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post 2»'eces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Carmichael, elder, has leave to go home. The committee appointed to dispose of the interest of the money in the hands of the treasurer of the New Jersey College, for support of poor and pious youth in said college, laid their proceedings before us, and it appears 1769.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 393 that they have disposed of twenty pouuds for the purpose mentioned. There •will be in the hands of the treasurer to be disbursed next October, sixty-two pounds, and the Synod appoint as a comuiittee for the present year to attend at the New Jersey college the third Wednesday of August, and dispose of said sum, the Ivev. Messrs. Dr. AVitherspoon, William Tenneut, Urainerd, Guild, Ewing, Blair, Caldwell, Heed, and the moderator. The order of Synod respecting a plan laid down by some lay elders at a for- mer session and adopted by this Synod, came under consideration, and it appears from the report of several Presbyteries, that only a few of them have en- deavoured to execute this plan ; the Synod renew their last year's order with relation to so useful an overture, and earnestly recommend to all their Presby- teries to use their utmost endeavours to secure the success of it before our meeting in May next. To the question concerning the business and power of the committee of over- tures proposed last year, the Synod answer, that committee is intended to introduce business into the Synod in an orderly manner, that they may give advice concerning either the matter or manner of overtures brought to them, but have not power to suppress any thing that comes regularly before them from inferior judicatures according to our Known rules, or such overtures and petitions as inferior judicatures or particular persons desire to have laid before this Synod. A proposal was made last Synod and the consideration of it deferred to this, that we should endeavour to agree upon some plan to prevent irregularities in respect of marriage. And after some conversation on said proposal, agreed to defer it to the next Synod, and it is expected every member will be prepared to give his sentiments on said proposal at that time, stating what irregularities he imagines prevail, and what method he would propose to prevent them. From the representations that have been made to us concerning the situation of Nova Scotia, we are of opinion that it is not expedient to appoint any mis- sionaries to that province at this time. A petition from the congregation of Little Britain was brought in and read, requesting to be set off from the Donegall Presbytery and put under the care of the New Castle Presbytery, which is more convenient to them. The Synod gi-ant their petition, but as there are some matters depending between Mr. Hunt and said congregation now before the Donegall Presbytery, the Synod order, that these be there judged and determined notwithstanding this regu- lation. Adjourned till three clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'docJc, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Postpreces ^ sederunt qui supra. Joseph Cowan, Mr. Horton's elder, has leave to go home. A motion was introduced from the committee of overtures, that the Synod should consider what they would do in case of persons who, breaking off from their body, are not subject to the inspection of any Presbytery, and yet may by their conduct bring a reproach on them, as being supposed to continue still in connexion with them. It was particularly represented that Mr. Kin- kaid is by many given out to be a Presbyterian minister, though his conduct is no way cognizable by us. The Synod, after inquiring into the fects, find that he had not only gone off of himself, but was publicly disowned by the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and has never been a member of any Presbytery of this Synod since the union of the Synods of New York and Philadelphia, and therefore they are persuaded that this conduct cannot, by any candid per- son, be considered as having any influence on them whether good or bad. 50 394 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1769. On this account they see no necessity of either inquiry or vindication as to him, but recommend it to Presbyteries to be precise and accurate in making the dates of the desertion or separation of any of their members, and to give sentence definitely as to the continuance or dissolution of their relation. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 20iA day, nine ddoch, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui sujjra. ("With Mr. John Montgomery, Mr. Steel's elder.) Mr. Maxwell, Mr. Montgomery's elder, has leave to go home. Mr. Halsey is now come, and the reasons given by him for his not coming sooner are sustained. Mr. McClelland has leave to go home. Mr. Thomas McCrakin and Mr. John Creary are now come, and their reasons for not coming sooner are sustained. The committee of overtures have brought in an appeal of Mrs. Jane Ten- nent, from a judgment of the Presbytery of Lewestown upon several com- plaints prosecuted by her before them, against her husband the Rev. Mr. Charles Tennent, but as the minutes of the Presbytery are not here, the Synod cannot proceed to hear the appeal now, but order it to lie over till next year, when both parties are required to be ready for trial. Mr. Robert Patterson has leave to go home. Adjourned till Monday morning ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. Monday, ten o'chch, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Mr. James Long, together with his elder, Mr. William Alison, are now come ; Mr. Long's absence from Synod till this time, excused. The supplies ordered at our last session were fulfilled as follows, Mr. Boyd complied with his appointment to Egg Harbour. Mr. Roan complied with his to the branches of Potomac, and communicated in a letter to Mr. Duffield, which was read, a circumstantial account of the situation of that desolate country and his itinerating there. The Synod agree to give Mr. Roan for his great labours in that part eight pounds ten shillings, in addition to what they voted him last year. Messrs. Halsey, Hezekiah James Balch, and McCreary, have complied with theirs ; in consideration of Mr. McCreary's great services on his mission to the western frontiers of this province, the Synod vote him an additional allowance of five pounds. A paper signed by Alexander Miller, containing various matters of complaint against the Presbytery of Hanover, who deposed him May 8d, 1765, was brought in and read, he being present, which is as follows : To the Rev. Synod of New York and Philadelphia : Rev. Gentlemen — Be pleased to attend to the case and redress the grievances of a member injured by some members of Hanover Presbytery. The case is as follows : Mr. Rice brought an aflidavit (in what manner proved I know not) to a cer- tain meeting of Hanover Presbytery, insinuating some reflections on my conduct at a certain place. Though the paper was formed extra-judicially, yet I was willing, and even urged, for an appointment to be made to go and inquire into the rise and ground of said report, which was granted and made. In consequence hereof I rode 1769.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 395 four hundred miles to tlic place, but found no Presbytery, and that Mr. Todd, by bis solo autliority, prcveutod the same. Sometime afterwtud.s, and on the very day our Presbytery was judicially appointed to meet at another place, at a very considerable distance, Mr. Todd with two other members went to this, (without judicial appointment) assumed the name and authority of Hanover Presbytery, and even ordained a man, re- ceived charges against me, and judged me in my absence, and appointed the time and place of the next meeting : but incapacitated and prevented by their conduct the meeting of the I'resbytery according to appointment. At the time appointed for next meeting I attended, and, after reasoning on their conduct, it was mutually agreed, on certain conditions, to nullify what was past, and that the Presbytery be full at the trial. I attended at the time and place, but that Presbytery having failed in the performing the conditions stipulated on their part, and finding them resolved to proceed to judgment, contrary to their engagements, I gave in a declinature and appealed to the Synod, and gave them the reasons, and left them. After which, as appears by their minutes, they judged the validity of my reasons of appeal, examined witnesses against me, formed, published, and or- dered a libel to be publicly read against me, and assumed a power to depose me from the ministerial office in my absence, and after I had appealed to the Synod. The next meeting of Presbytery I applied to the moderator and clerk to have a testimonial of my declinature, reasons of appeal, and a copy of their minutes, but was refused. This prevented me from applying to you in a way I thought orderly until the third instant, I got a copy of some of their proceedings, of which I com- plain of the following things, viz : 1. That the Presbytery did not meet to do me justice, according to appoint- ment, Mr. Todd preventing the first, and many of the members not attending or fulfilling their engagements at the last, and that they have acted presbyterially without appointment. 2. That they received accusations, administered oaths to persons against me, and condemned me in my absence, and made themselves judges and parties in some cases. 3. That they judged my reasons of appeal, and appear to blame me for ap- pealing. In this I complain they have acted contrary to the fifth article of the plan of union. 4. That their minutes are dark and imperfect, containing, &c. &c. &c., in- stead of facts and full history. 5. For saying that the evidences were of unblamable reputation when they knew, or might have known, the contrary, by inspecting their oaths and various representations they have given. 6. That they assumed a power not granted them by warrant from Christ, or ceded to them in the plan of union. These are some of my complaints, to which I can add many more, and will make it apparent to impartial judges that they are not without foundation; and if you please to do me justice and redress my grievances occasioned by these men, it will very much redound to your credit in the world, the honour of this judicatory, and oblige a sufi"erer. (Signed by) Alex. Miller, M. A. As also an attested copy of the Presbytery's minutes relating to his trial and deposition. After some time spent on this business the farther examination of it is de- ferred till the afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 396 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1769. Three d clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post pre- ces sederunt qui siq)i'a- The consideration of Mr. Miller's case resumed. Mr. Miller was asked, whether he was a member of this Synod and subject to its authority and juris- diction. He answered he was, and referred to the introduction of the paper he laid before the Synod, signed with his name, which is in these words, " Be pleased to attend to the case and redress the grievances of a member injured by some members of Hanover Presbytery.'' After Mr. Alexander Miller's complaint was heard, it was deferred till to- morrow morning. Mr. Hart has leave to go home. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 23c? day, at nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui suprh. The consideration of !Mr. Alexander Miller's complaint resumed, and upon full inquiry the Synod conclude, that as the Presbytery of Hanover are not present, and it has not been made appear before us that they were cited to be present, or informed that Mr. Alexander Miller intended to lodge a complaint against them before the Synod, at this time, we cannot now enter upon the con- sideration of the merits of the complaint, but order both the Presbytery and Mr. Alexander Miller to attend our next Synod prepared for a full hearing, and, in the mean time, on account of Mr. Miller's unjustifiable delay for some years to enter his complaint before us, the irregularity of his proceedings dur- ing that time, and the atrocious nature of the crimes laid to his charge, we do hereby declare him suspended from the exercise of the ministerial office till his complaint can be fully heard. Mr. Alexander Miller was called in, and the above determination of the Sy- nod read in his hearing, whereupon he gave in a paper, renouncing the authority of the Synod. Upon which the Synod find, that as Mr. Miller was deposed by the Presbytery of Hanover he declined the judgment of that Presbytery and appealed to this Synod : and while we were taking measures to try and issue his complaint, he, in the paper aforesaid, hath renounced our authority. The Synod therefore declare he is not a member of this body, and forbid all their Presbyteries and congregations to employ him. An application from the Trustees of the College of New Jersey was brought in and read, requesting the assistance of the Synod to raise money for the ne- cessary support of the said College. The Synod looking upon this as a matter of great importance, appoint Dr. Witherspoon, Mr. Blair, and Mr. William P. Smith, a committee to make a suitable representation of the state of the col- lege to lay before this Synod, which we may recommend for the information of our several congregations. And the Synod agree, that certain particular per- sons be appointed to go through our bounds and use their utmost endeavours to obtain subscriptions, in part, and after they have done all they can they shall leave the several subscriptions opened by them with the most convenient minis- ters, or other proper persons, to have them filled up where any thing more can be done; and each Presbytery is enjoined to take care that every member be active and diligent to forward and complete those subscriptions, of which they are to give an account at our next Synod ; and the persons appointed to this business, and the bounds assigned them, are as follows, viz : Mr. Duffield and Mr. 11. Smith to York and Cumberland and parts of Lan- caster county above the town ; Mr. Spencer and Mr. McDowell to Chester county, and the lower parts of Lancaster county ; Mr. Ramsey and Mr. John Miller to Kent, Sussex, and the Eastern Shore of Maryland; Mr. Montgomery 1769.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 397 to New Castle county; Pr. Witherspoon, Mr. Ewing, and Mr. Sproat to Bucks county and rh'iladolpbia ; Mr. Brainord to Burlington, Gloucester, and Cape May counties ; Mr. Tennent, Mr. Bead, and the moderator, to Middle- sex, Monmoutb, Hunterdon, Somerset and parts adjacent ; Dr. Bodgers to Essex, 3Iorris, and Sussex counties, and Mr. McWhorter to the bounds of Dutchess Presbytery, provided there appears proper encouragement for an ap- plication there ; ^Ir. Blair and Mr. Kerr to Goshen, and parts adjacent ; Mr. Craig and 3Ir. Jackson to the upper parts of Virginia ; ^Ir. "Waddle to the lower parts of Virginia; Mr. Patrick Alison and jMr. 3Iontgomery to the "West- ern Shore of Maryland ; Mr. Kirkpatrick to Charleston, South Carolina, and such other places as may be expedient for him to apply to ; and we appoint to supply his pulpit. New Brunswick Presbytery the month of December ; Mr. "VN'att the month of January ; the Presbytery of New York the month of Febru- ary ; Mr. Latta the two first Sabbaths in March, and the fii-st Philadelphia Presbytery the rest of the month of 3Iarch ; Mr. Close the two first Sabbaths of April ;' Mr. Mills the third and fourth, and ]Mr. Lewis the fifth Sabbath of April. Dr. "Witherspoon and 3Ir. Caldwell are appointed to go and endeavour to obtain subscriptions for the college in the lower parts of Virginia, and their respective Presbyteries are required to supply their pulpits iu their absence, and the Synod order, that the above-mentioned persons to make collections for the college, do make report of their success to the trustees of said college at next commencement, except those who ai-e sent upon such distant missions that they cannot finish them before that time. Adjoui-ned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clocl; P. M. Tlie Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces scdo-unt qui supra. Agreeable to a former resolution of this Synod to correspond with foreign churches, the following letters were brought in by the gentlemen appointed for tliat purpose, viz : one" by Dr. Bodgers to the Synod of New Holland, another by Mr. Ewiug to the church of Geneva, another by Mr. Blair to the church of Scotland, another by Mr. Wilson (who was appointed instead of 31 r. Joseph Treat) to the church of Switzerland, another by 3Ir. McWhorter to the churches in South Carolina, another by Mr. Kirkpatrick to the churches in and about Dublin, another by Mr. Bobert Smith to the Synod of seceding min- isters iu Scotland. Dr. Witherspoon, Mr. Duflield, Mr. Halsey, and ]\Ir. IMontgomory, with the aforesaid gentlemen who have made the drafts of those letters, arc appointed a committee for correction, that a fair draft of them may be laid before us to- morrow. jMessrs. Mitchell and Foster have leave of absence. A petition from the congregation of Allentown, in the forks of Delaware, to be taken from under the care of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, and to be put under the eai-e of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, was brought in and read. After the committee on behalf of the congregation and both l^resbyte- ries concerned were he:u-d, it appeared not expedient for the present to grant the prayer of the petition. But the Synod order the first Presbytery of I'hila- delphia to inquire more particularly into the state and connection of that con- gregation, and empower said Presbytery to set them oft' to the Presbytery of New Brunswick if it should appear expedient; or if it should appear more ex- pedient to set oft" the congregation of Greenwich to the first I'resbytery of Phil- adelphia, the Presbytery of New Brunswick are empowered to set them oft'. Mr. Conary and Mr. Maskell Ewiug have leave to go home. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 398 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1769. 2^th dai/, nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Presbytery book of Donegall was revised and approved, except their meddling with matters of divorce The fii-st Philadelphia Presbytery book was revised and approved. The Presbytery book of New York was revised and approved. The committee appointed to prepare a representation of the college, brought it in, which, after it was read, amended, and approved, was committed to Dr. Witherspoon, to take care that five hundred copies be printed for the use of the Synod. At the request of Seceding ministers, Dr. Witherspoon moved to have a com- mittee appointed to converse with them, with a view to bring about an union betwixt them and this Synod. Also a petition from several inhabitants about Marsh Creek was brought in, praying this Synod would us* their endeavours to form an union with the Seceders, upon which ordered, that Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. Blair, Mr. William Tennent, Mr. McDowell, Mr. Eobert Smith, Mr. McWhorter, and Mr. Caldwell, three of whom to be a quorum, be a committee for said purpose, and that Dr. Witherspoon be empowered to call the committee at such time- and place as may be convenient, and that they have power to adjourn themselves from time to time. A petition was introduced requesting supplies for Great Egg Harbour, to which place Mr. Clark is appointed the two first Sabbaths of July, and as much longer as he can, and Mr. Van Arsdalen the month of September, and as much longer as he can. Adjourned to three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clocTc, P. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The congregation of Chesnut Level, formerly under the care of the Done- gall Presbytery, are, at their own request, put under the care of the New Cas- tle Presbytery. The committee of the Synod appointed to attend the corporation for the re- lief of poor Presbyterian ministers, &c. to dispose of a certain sum of money in the hands of that corporation, which was raised in Scotland, and to be laid out by the corporation, in conjunction with the Synod's committee, laid a re- gular account of their proceedings before the Synod, which was approved. The Synod agree to continue the same committee the present year. The New Brunswick Presbytery book was received and approved, except the recording some letters wrote to a distant member. Mr. Amos Thompson, a minister of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, liv- ing in Virginia, is joined to the Presbytery of Donegall. The Synod taking into their serious consideration the prevalence of irreli- gion and immorality, the lamentable decay of vital piety, and the threatening aspect of our public afiiiirs, appoint the last Thursday of June to be observed as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer. Should this day be found incon- venient for any of our ministers, they are allowed to fix on any other day that may suit them better. As Mr. Oliver Demming, a licensed candidate from an association in Con- necticut, and inclining to supply some time in our vacancies, proposes taking a ride to Connecticut, where he informs us it is probable he may stay till he receives ordination, the Synod order should he return ordained, or recom- mended by any association in that colony, and prosecuting his intention of 1769.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 399 visiting the Carolinas, that Mr. Calilwell, one of our clerks, furnish him with properly authenticated testimonials as a missionary from the Synod. Or should Mr. Demming choose to put himself under the care of one of our Presbyteries for ordination, such Presbytery finding him qualified upon trial, are hereby au- thorized to ordain him, provided he undertakes this mission. Mr. Caldwell had leave to go home. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 25th dai/, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post 2>reces sederunt qui supra. The Synod order their treasurer to pay the sexton of the second Presbyte- rian church in this city three pounds, for his attendance during the present session. The Synod vote the Rev. Mr. John Blair moderator, pro tempore, in order to his signing a certificate for the present moderator, who is appointed on a mission to Charleston. This being done the former moderator resumed the chair. The persons appointed to write to the several churches, as mentioned in a former minute, brought in letters which were read, approved, and some of them signed by the moderator, who is authorized to sign the others before he leaves town, they yet being not fairly transcribed. Dr. Rodgers is appointed to trans- mit the letters to the churches of Holland, Geneva, and Switzerland ; and Dr. Alison, Dr. Witherspoon, and the moderator, to transmit the rest. The Synod agree to give the honourable board of trustees of the New Jersey College, towards supporting a Professor of Divinity in that institution, sixty pounds for the last year, and sixty pounds for the current year, out of the collections made in our congregations for this purpose, agreeable to an order of last session. The fifty pounds lent that honourable board last year is refunded. The Synod proceeded to the consideration of supplies, but deferred making any appointments till the afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clocTc, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of supplies was resumed, and the following appointments made for the present year. The Rev. Messrs. John Harris, John Clark, Jeremiah Halsey, James Latta, Jonathan Elmore, Thomas Lewis, and Josiah Lewis, a licensed candidate, are appointed to supply in the vacancies of Virginia, North Carolina, and those parts of South Carolina under our care, to set off as soon, and spend as much tune among them as they conveniently can on this important mission. Mr. Hezekiah James Balch, a licensed candidate under the care of Donegall Presbytery, is appointed on the same mission, and the Presbytery to which he belongs are authorized to ordain him, if upon trial he acquits himself accord- ing to their satisfaction, and accepts a call from Carolina. Ordered, That our stated clerk give these missionaries proper testimonials. Mr. James Anderson, a licensed candidate, is appointed to supply at discre- tion in N. Virginia. As it is probable that ministers, or licensed candidates from New England, or other parts, may offer themselves to undertake a southern mission, the Synod hereby appoint, should any such offer, the Rev. Dr. Alison, Messrs. Treat, 400 MINUTES or THE SYNOD OF [1770. Ewing, and Sproat, to be a committee to examine their testimonials, and upon obtaining sufficient satisfaction respecting their character and qualifications, to furnish them with proper certificates as missionaries from the Synod to the southward. The Synod agree to pay those missionaries who supply in poor congregations, thirty shillings each Sabbath they preach. Ordered, That the New York Presbytery supply the poor vacancies on the frontiers of New Jersey and New York, ten Sabbaths ', that Donegall Presby- tery supply the western frontier of this province, ten Sabbaths ; that Mr. Car- michael supply four Sabbaths on the South Branch of Potomac, and parts ad- jacent, and Mr. Long three. Adjourned till the third Wednesday in May, ten of the clock, A. M., to meet at the first Presbyterian Church in New York. Concluded with prayer. V 1770. Mw York, May \Wh, 1770. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. JJhi post preces sederunt From the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Richard Treat, Benjamin Chesnutt, James Sproat, Charles Beatty, John Clark. From the Second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. John Ewing, Patrick Alison. From the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Joseph Montgomery. From the Presbytery of Lewestown : The Rev. John Bacon. From the Presbytery of Donegall : The Rev. Robert Cooper. From the Presbytery of Hanover : The Rev. Joseph Alexander. From the Presbytery of New Brunswick : The Rev. Israel Reed, Jeremiah Halsey, William Tennent. From the Presbytery of New York : The Rev. John Blair, Dr. Rodgers, Azariah Horton, Benjamin Hait, Benjamin Woodruff, Alexander McWhorter, Joseph Treat, Aaron Richards, Azel Roe, Nathan Kerr, Abner Brush, James Caldwell. From the Presbytery of Sufi"olk : The Rev. William Mills, John Close, Elam Potter. Elders : Messrs. John McCalley, Garrett Noel, Samuel Allen, Peter V. B. Livingston, James Manning, Robert Ogden, Elias Bailey, Aaron Mattison. Absent : Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia : The Rev. Andrew Hun- ter, William Ramsey, Enoch Green, Nehemiah Greenman, John Brainerd, Alex- ander Mitchell, John Griffiths. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. John Steel, John Elder, Joseph Tate, John Simonton, Robert McMordie, James Latta. Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Alexander McDowell, James Finley, William McKennan, Robert Smith, John Beard, John Carmichael, William Forster, Andrew Bay, John McCreary, Joseph Smith, Elihu Spencer. Of Lewestown Presbytery : The Rev. John Miller, Matthew Wilson, Jacob Kerr, Alexander Huston, John Harris, Thomas McCracken. Of Donegall Presbytery : The Rev. Samuel Thompson, John Roan, George Duffield, John Hogg, John Strain, Amos Thompson, John Slemmons, John Craighead, James Long, James Hunt. Of Hanover Presbytery : The Rev. John Todd, James Waddel, David Rice, Richard Zanchy, James Black, John Brown, Charles Cummings, Craig, Thomas Jackson, Henry Patillo, Thomas McCadden, James Crisswell, David Caldwell, Samuel Leak. 1770.] NE"W YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 401 Of New Brunswick rrosbytcry : The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, Charles McKnight, John Guild, John Ilanua, Thomas Smith, John llosborough, James Lyou, Job Prudden. Of New York Presbytery : The Rev. John Pierson, Simon Ilorton, John Moffat, John Darby, Timothy Jones, Jonathan Elmer, Hugh Knox, Jedediah Chapman, Jacob Green, James Tuttle, Thomas Lewis, Francis Peppard. Of Dutchess Presbytery : The Rev. John Smith, Chauncey Graham, Wheeler Case, Samuel Sacket, Eliphalet Ball, Elihu Kent, Solomon Mead, Samuel Dun- lop, and Joseph Peck. Of Suffolk Presbytery : The Rev. Ebenezer Prime, Sylvanus White, Samuel Buel, James Brown, Nehemiah Barker, Benjamin Talmage, Samson Occum, David Rose, Benjamin Goldsmith. By reason of the death of IMr. Kirkpatrick, our last year's moderator, the Synod was opened by Mr. John Blair, who was moderator the year before, with a sermon from 2 Cor. iv. 2. The Rev. Mr. Alexander McWhortev was chosen moderator, and Messrs. Joseph Treat and Jeremiah Halsey clerks. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. nth day, nine o'clock, ilie Synod met accordinfj to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui siqyra. The Rev. Dr. Alison and Samuel Kennedy are now come, and their reasons for not attending yesterday were sustained. Mr. William Arman, Mr. Ken- nedy's elder, is also come. The reasons which were given by the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Alexander, John Bacon, Charles Beatty, Israel Reed, Samuel Kennedy, Nathan Kerr, Benjamin Woodruff, Azel Roe, Abner Brush, Joseph Treat, and William Mills, for their absence from the last session of the Synod, were sustained. The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, since our last Synod they have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry Mr. James Boyd and Mr. James Watt. 3Ir. Boyd being present took his seat. Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, they have ordained Mr. Samuel Eakin. New Castle Presbytery report, they have licensed to preach as candidates Messrs. James Wilson and Daniel Jones ; and Mr. Daniel McCleland was dis- missed from them to go into New England. Lewestown Presbytery report, that they have licensed to preach as a candi- date Mr. William Mackey Tennent ; and have suspended from the work of the gospel ministry Mr. Charles Tennent. The Presbytery of Donegall report, they have ordained Messrs. Hezekiah James Balch and John King ; and have licensed to preach as a candidate Mr. Hugh Vance. Hanover Presbytery report, they have ordained Mr. Hezekiah Balch. New Brunswick Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. William Kirkpatrick was removed by death September 8, 1769. New I'^ork Presbytery report, they have ordained Mr. William Woodhull ; and that Mr. Abner Reeve has withdrawn himself from their Presbytery, and declared himself an Independent; and that Mr. John Maltby is dismissed to join the Presbytery of South Carolina; and that they have received Mr. A. Lewis, a candidate from the Association of New Haven in Connecticut. The Synod appoint for a committee of overtures the Rev. Messrs. Sproat, Beatty, Patrick Alison, Montgomery, Bacon, Alexander, Kennedy, Cooper, Richards, Roe, and Mills ; with elders, Messrs. Allen and Mattison, to meet 51 402 MINUTES OP THE SYNOD OF [1770. to-morrow morning here, at six o'clock, and afterwards as business may re- quire. Mr. Thomas Smith is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, and also for his absence from the last Synod, sustained; his elder is Mr. Lucas Covenhoven. Dr. Rodgers and Mr. Blair are appointed a committee to examine the second Philadelphia Presbytery book. Messrs. Ewing and Patrick Alison, are appointed a committee to examine the New Brunswick Presbytery book. The Presbytery books of Hanover, Lewestown, Donegall, New Castle, first Philadelphia, New York, Suffolk, and Dutchess, are not present. Ordered, That these Presbyteries take care that their books be brought in next Synod. The commission of the Synod for the last year report, that they have met and will lay their minutes before the Synod as soon as the Synod shall call for them. The Synod appoint for a commission for the ensuing year, the E,ev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, John Ewing, Dr. Witherspoon, James Sproat, John Blair, Thomas Lewis, William Mills, Azariah Horton, Timothy tTones, William Tennent, Israel Reed, Andrew Hunter, John Roan, Robert Smith, John Miller, Joseph Montgomery, George Duffield, Wheeler Case, and Charles Beatty, with the moderator; with elders, Messrs. Robert Ogden, Peter V. B. Livingston, Samuel Allen, and Aaron Mattison, thirteen of whom to be a quorum; but if the moderator should die or be absent, the first men- tioned on the roll in the minute shall have power to call the commission and preside. Dr. Witherspoon is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner sus- tained. The Synod agrees to enter on the consideration of supplying the distant vacancies, to-morrow in the afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The treasurer for the Synod is continued, and he is ordered at some conve- nient time to lay before the present Synod his accounts for the last year. The order of Synod respecting the execution of the plan laid by some lay- elders, at the session in 1766, and adopted by the Synod, came again under consideration ; and it appears from the reports of the several Presbyteries, that some of them have been considerably successful in endeavouring to carry the said plan into execution, and others have been deficient in their endeavours to execute the same. The Synod orders, that the several Presbyteries take care once every year to make a particular inquiry of their members respecting the execution of every article contained in this so useful a plan, and make report to the next Synod of the same. The proposal that was made to the Synod of 1766, that we should endea- vour to agree upon some plan to prevent irregularities that occur in marriage, which was deferred to this session, came under consideration. The members according to an order gave their sentiments on this subject, and Messrs. Blair and Halsey are appointed to bring in a minute respecting this afiair at our next sederunt. Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 1770.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPIIIA. 403 ISth day, nine o'ducic, the Synod viet according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. Woodhull and 8pencer are now come, and their reasons for not coming sooner are sustained. Dr. Williamson, Mr. Ewing's elder, and Dr. Boyd, Mr. Alison's elder, are also come. The committee appointed to prepare a minute respecting the irregularities that occur in marriages, brought in the same, which being read and maturely- examined, it appears that the difficulties that will probably attend the execution of any general plan for the prevention of said irregularities, were so great and numerous that they maybe expected to render it abortive; it was therefore con- cluded by a great majority to dismiss the whole affair. Mr. McKnight is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, and also for his absence from the last Synod sustained. The commission of the Synod for the last year reported that they had met, and they laid before the Synod the minutes of their proceedings; after the reading of said minutes, Mr. Montgomery, one of the members of the com- mission who dissented from their first judgment, prayed leave to bring in his complaint against said judgment, which, after mature consideration, was carried in the negative. Messrs. Tennent's and Read's reasons for not attending the commission, sus- tained. Adjourned to three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. Thi'ee o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Ordered, That Mr. Treat, the treasurer of the Synod, pay Mr. Montgomery twenty shillings for copying the minutes of the commission of Synod, which met in Philadelphia. The treasurer is ordered to pay the expenses for bringing the Synod's book fi-om Woodbridge to New York. The Synod entered on the consideration of supplies for the distant va- cancies in the Carolinas and Georgia. Inquiry was made whether the last year's appointments of supplies for the southern colonies were fulfilled, and it appears that Mr. Josiah Lewis had complied with said appointment, but that none of the others had complied with the same. The reasons of Messrs. Clark and Halsey, (who were the only members of those appointed last year that were present,) for not complying with the said appointments were sus- tained. A supplication was brought in from Long Cane, in South Carolina, that Mr. Josiah Lewis, or some other, may be appointed to supply them a twelve-month, in order to a settlement among them. A call for Mr. Josiah Lewis from Centre congregation and Hopewell, in North Carolina, was brought in and read. A supplication for supplies from Hitchcock and Cartridge Creeks, in Anson county. North Carolina, was also brought in and read. A supplication from Briery River, in Virginia, for supplies, was also read. A supplication from Carthy's Settlement and Fourth Creek, in North Caro- lina, was also read. A supplication to the Synod for stated supplies from Briar Creek, in Geor- gia, was read. Mr. Josiah Lewis, a licensed candidate, of New Castle Presbytery, is ap- pointed to supply at Long Cane settlements six months; three months at 404 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1770. Briar Creek, in Georgia ; and three months at discretion in North and South Carolina; and the Presbytery of New Castle is ordered to ordain him, if the way is clear, as soon as convenient. Mr. Azel Roe is appointed to itinerate in Virginia and the Carolinas ; to preach the gospel, ordain elders, and administer the sacraments of baptism, and the Lord's Supper; and the Presbytery of New York is ordered to supply his pulpit during his absence. Mr. John Close is also appointed to itinerate in Virginia and the Carolinas, for the same purposes, and the Synod order the Presbytery of Suffolk to sup- ply his pulpit during his absence. Mr. Manning, Mr. Roe's elder, has leave to go home. Adjourned until nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 19th day, nine o^clocJc, A. M., the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qw^supra. Mr. Hunter, Mr. Blair's elder, is now come. Mr. Chauncy Graham is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner are sustained. The Presbytery of Dutchess report, that they have ordained the Ptev. Messrs. Ichabod Lewis, and Samuel Mills, to the work of the gospel minis- try since our last, and have dismissed the Rev. Mr. Joseph Pec-k from their body. Ordered, That the Presbytery of Dutchess call upon Mr. Bay, now residing within their bounds, to produce a regular dismission from New Castle Presby- tery, and to join their Presbytery. Ordered, That the call from Centre congregation and Hopewell, in North Carolina, to Mr. Josiah Lewis, be put into the hands of Mr. Montgomery, in order to be presented by New Castle Presbytery to Mr. Lewis. Dr. Rodgers is desired by the Synod to write to the Rev. Mr. Prime, at Huntingdon, giving him an account of the distressed state of the churches to the southward, and pray him to supply the congregation as much as he can in Mr. Close's absence. Mr. Bay is now come ; his reasons for not coming sooner, and also for his absence last year, sustained. Mr. Robert Henry, Mr. Bay's elder, is also come. Mr. McCreary is appointed to supply in the Carolinas for six months, to set off as soon as possible ; and it is recommended that he spend a considerable part of his time at Carthy's Settlement, and Fourth Creek ; and the Presbytery of New Castle is ordered to supply his pulpit during his absence. And inasmuch as appointments in times past have been too frequently not fulfilled according to expectation, it is enjoined on each of these gentlemen, who are appointed to supply to the southward, that they fulfil said appoint- ments on pain of the Synod's censure. And if Mr. Josiah Lewis should not fulfil his appointment to Long Cane, Messrs. Roe and Close are ordered to supply at Long Cane, each of them three months. Mr. Beatty is ordered to supply Mr. McCreary's pulpit two Sabbaths; Mr. Chesnutt two; Mr. Hunter two; and Mr. Ramsey one Sabbath. JMr. Thomas Smith is also appointed to supply Mr. Close's pulpit the fii'st and second Sabbaths in September. Mr. William Tennent is also appointed to supply Mr. Roe's pulpit two Sabbaths ; Dr. Rodgers the first Sabbath in July ; and Mr. Joseph Treat the first Sabbath in August ; and Mr. Simon Horton three Sabbaths between this and our next Synod ; and Dr. Witherspoon the second Sabbath in August. 1770.] NEW YORK AND PIIILADELPHIA. 405 Mr. Patrick Alison is appointed to supply in Virginia and the Caroliuas, if circumstances admit, and to go out upon bis mission in the fall. Mr. Nathaniel Niles, a candidate licensed by Berkshire association, in New England, who proposes to put himself under the care of the Now York Pres- bytery, is appointed to spend the summer and fall seasons in the western frontiers of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and the winter in the Carolinas ; and he is ordered to keep an exact account of what moneys he re- ceives from the several vacancies that he may supply in said western frontiers, and if the said moneys should not amount to thirty shillings provincial currency, per Sabbath, the Synod agree to make up the deficiency out of the moneys in the hands of their treasurer. Messrs. Elder, Tate, and Steel are appointed to supply between Augusta Fort and Juniata, and places adjacent, each two Sabbaths before next Synod. Mr. Covcnhoven has leave to go home. The moderator is ordered to furnish the members appointed to supply to the southward the necessary credentials. Adjourned to ten o'clock, on Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. Mar/ 2\st. Ten o^cloch, A. If. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The first Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that in compliance with an order of Synod last year, they had, in conjunction with the Presbytery of New Brunswick, inquired particularly into the state and connections of the congrega- tion of Allentown, in the forks of Delaware, and it is the unanimous opinion of both Presbyteries that it is at present most subservient to the interests of religion in those parts, for the Presbytery of New Brunswick to take under their care, not only the congregation of Allentown, but also the congregation of Mount Bethel, both which are in the forks of Delaware, and both which have been under the care of the first Philadelphia Presbytery. The Synod therefore order the Presbytery of New Brunswick to take both the said con- gregations under their care for the future. The consideration of supplies resumed. Mr. Harris is ordered to supply at Hitchcock and Cartridge Creek, in An- son county. North Carolina, three months ; in Virginia, and other parts of the Carolinas, at discretion, as much as he conveniently can. The consideration of the report of the Synod's commission deferred till three o'clock in the afternoon. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Sacket is disunited from the Presbytery of Dutchess county and annexed to the Presbytery of New York. Mr. Ogden, Mr. Caldwell's elder, not being able to attend, Mr. Cornelius Netfield takes his seat, who was chosen by the session in his place. Doctor Alison, Messrs. Ewing, Sproat, Richard Treat, and Beatty, are ap- pointed a committee to visit Mr. Brainerd's school next fall, and Mr. Brainerd is desired to meet the committee on the second Wednesday of June in Phila- delphia, and are impowered to draw upon the treasurer for such moneys as they shall judge the exigencies of the school shall require, and make report to our next Synod. It is ordered, that Mr. Brainerd receive for the ensuing year, the sum of eighteen pounds, being the interest of the money in the hands of the treasurer of the college of New Jersey for the support of the Indian mission, and that he have also twenty pounds from the Synodical treasurer for the continuance of his labours the ensuing year, in those desolate parts where he has been so use- fully employed. 406 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1770. Doctor Witherspoon reports, that the committee appointed at our last Synod to converse with the Seceders, in order to an union betwixt them and us, by reason of several disappointments have not met. The Synod therefore appoint Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. Blair, Tennent, R. Smith, McWhorter, Caldwell, Mills, and Joseph Treat, three of whom to be a quorum, to be a committee for the same purpose, to meet on the second Wednesday in August at New York, and that they have power to adjourn themselves from time to time. The delegates appointed to meet the Rev. General Convention at New Haven in September last, laid before the Synod the minutes of the con- vention. As the nest general convention is to meet at Elizabethtown, the first Wed- nesday of October, at eleven o'clock, the Synod appoint to attend on that occa- sion, the Rev. Messrs. Beatty, Sproat, Brainerd, Ewing, Montgomery, William Foster, Bacon, Spencer, Millex, Duffield, King, William Tennent, Dr. Wither- spoon, Halt, Halsey, Jones, Horton, Dr. Rodgers, Treat, McWhorter, Blair, Caldwell, Graham, Lewis, Mills, and Tallmage. Adjourned till three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock^ P. M., the Sf/nod met according to adjournment. Post preccs sederunt qui supra. Mr. John Moore, Mr. Richard's elder, is now come. The Synod proceeded to consider the report of the commission of the Synod. Mr. Ewing brought in a complaint against the judgment of the said com- mission, which was in part debated, and the further consideration of it was deferred till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 22d day, nine d clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post jpreces sederunt qui sujyra. Mr. WoodhuU is gone home. Mr. Ewing's complaint against the judgment of the commission, resumed. Mr. Ewing complains against the commission ; that they received charges against him which were vague and indeterminate. The Synod agrees that these charges are rather deficient in point of specialty, but are of opinion that the commission acted with prudence and integrity in receiving said charges, inasmuch as they endeavoured to reduce them to a specialty, and as Mr. Ewing submitted so far as to plead to them, and as the particular circumstances of the first and third Presbyterian congregations in Philadelphia were viewed by them as so critical as in their judgment required an immediate discussion of the affair. Yet the Synod orders, that all their judicatures shall, for the future, be par- ticularly careful not to receive or judge of any charges but such as shall be seasonably reduced to a specialty in the complaint laid before them. The further consideration of Mr. Ewing's complaint deferred till the after- noon. Mr. Close has leave to go home. Adjourned till three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. Three o'cloch, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Roe has leave to go home. Mr. William Tennent, jun'r. being present, is desired to sit as a correspondent. Mr. Hunter, Mr. Blair's elder, has leave to go home. 1770.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 407 The Synod proceeded to the further consideration of Mr. Ewing's com- plaint. Mr. Ewing and the members of the commission were fully heard upon the subject of this complaint. The further consideration of this affair deferred till to-morrow morning. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 23c? clay, A. M. nine o'clock, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of Mr. Ewing's complaint resumed. The issue of this affair deferred till the afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui siijira. Messrs. Potter and Bacon are gone home without leave. Mr. Ewing's complaint resumed. The first clause of the judgment of the commission, which is in the following words, " that Mr. Ewing has, to several persons, called Mr. Eakin a liar, a dirty liar, or some such opprobrious terms, that he did this without being able to assign a sufficient reason for the same," was maturely considered, and after a careful examination of all the evidence laid before us, the Synod concludes that there was sufficient foundation for this first clause in the commission's judg- ment, and therefore they approve the same. The second clause in the aforesaid judgment which is as follows, "that he has shown in this matter so much untenderness towards the truth, as to give too much ground to impeach his veracity," was also maturely considered, and all the evidence laid before us duly weighed, and upon the whole it does not appear to the Synod that there is sufficient reason to impeach Mr. Ewing's ve- racity. Therefore this clause of their judgment is not approved. The third clause of the aforesaid judgment, which is in the following words, " that he has shown a degree of resentment which the commission highly dis- approve," was also duly considered and approved. And therefore, although there does not appear sufficient reason to impeach Mr. Ewing's veracity, yet it is the unanimous judgment of this Synod, that Mr. Ewing has, by his unchristian treatment of Mr. Eakin, and the resentment he has shown in this affair, merited the censure of this body, and they appoint the moderator to admonish him from the chair. Mr. Mattison has leave to go home. The minutes of the committee appointed to dispose of the interest of the moneys in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey college, for the support of poor and pious youth, having been forgot, it is reported that they disposed of twenty -five pounds, and that there will be in the treasurer's hands next Octo- ber, sixty-seven pounds ; and the Synod appoint for a committee for the present year, to attend at New Jersey college, the third "Wednesday of August next, and dispose of said sum, or as much as shall be deemed necessary, the Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, William Tennent, John Guild, John Ewing, Elihu Spencer, James Caldwell, Jeremiah Halsey, and Israel Reed, any three of whom to be a quo- rum, and to have full power to act. It appears by the accounts of the Synod's treasurer that there is in his hands seven pounds, seventeen shillings and eight pence, belonging to the college, which is ordered to be paid to the treasurer of New Jersey college. 408 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1770. It appears, also, fey the same accounts, that there is in the hands of our trea- surer two hundred and twelve pounds, eight shillings and ten pence of the mo- neys collected for the use of the Synod. The gentlemen of the commission and Mr. Ewing were called in, and the judgment of the Synod respecting Mr. Ewing's complaint was read to them. All concerned acquiesced in this judgment, except Mr. Ewing, and he is allowed time, till the beginning of next sederunt, to deliberate on this affair. Inquiry was made, whether the gentlemen appointed to set on foot subscrip- tions for the college of New Jersey had complied with that appointment. And it appears that the members appointed to this service had been very diligent and successful in the same. But as no application has yet been made in some places, and in others a more universal application than has yet been made might probably be successful, the Synod orders the members appointed to this service to continue the subscriptions already begun, and also begin others where none has yet been set on foot, and that the several Presbyteries take care that this order be executed, and that the Moneys subscribed be duly collected and trans- mitted to Dr. Witherspoon, or to the treasurer of New Jersey college, and the clerk is ordered to furnish such Presbyteries as desire it with copies of this minute. Ordered, That Mr. Ewing's appeal against the second Philadelphia Presby- tery be considered to-morrow morning. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. May 24<7t, at nine d clock, A. 31., tJie Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Graham has leave to go home. Dr. Boyd has leave to go home. Mr. Ewing having deliberated on the judgment of the Synod respecting him, declared his readiness to submit to the same. He was, therefore, according to the order, admonished from the chair. Mr. Ewing signified to the Synod that he desired his appeal from the judg- ment of the second Philadelphia Presbytery might be withdrawn. Dr. Alison moved, that if this was agreed to, a protest might be admitted at his instance, as representing the said Presbytery ; the appeal was withdrawn, but the pro- ceedings of that Presbytery had been injuriously treated upon the occasion, both in conversation and by papers put upon record, and that Dr. Alison him- self had been particularly blamed, and therefore the Synod should not only de- clare the appeal fallen from, but give him, Dr. Alison, an extract of this min- ute, that the fact as it stands may be recorded in the Presbytery's book. Mr. Ewing and Dr. Alison have leave to go home. Mr. Boyd has gone home without leave. Ordered, That Mr. Ewing, the stated clerk of the Synod, state his accounts, and lay them before the next Synod. Mr. Alison has leave to go home. The members appointed to transmit the letters to foreign churches report, that the letters have been transmitted according to order, but no answers are yet received. Messrs. Elihu Spencer, "William Ramsey, Alexander McWhorter, Joseph Montgomery, and James Caldwell, are appointed a committee for the present year to attend the corporation for the relief of poor Presbyterian ministers and their widows. Ordered, To pay the Sexton forty shillings for his services during the present session of Synod. A letter from the Presbytery of South Carolina, signifying their desire to unite with this Synod, and requesting to be informed of the terms on which such 1770.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 409 union may be obtained, was brought in and read. It was agreed to send them the following letter in answer to their proposal : '' Rev. and dear Brethren : — "VVe received your letter by the Kcv. Mr. Cald- well, proposing an union of your Presbytery with this Synod, and asking the conditions on which it may be obtained. The Synod took your proposal into consideration, and are unanimously of opinion that the union would be for the interest of religion and the comfort of the whole body, and therefore agreed that it should take place for all ecclesiastical purposes, and expect that your Presbytery will attend the meeting of the Synod with all the regularity that your situation will admit. The conditions which we require, are only what we suppose you are already agreed in, viz., that all your ministers acknowledge and adopt as the standard of doctrine, the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms, and the Directory as the plan of your worship and discipline. The Church of Scotland is considered by this Synod as their pattern in general; but we have not as yet expressly adopted by resolution of Synod, or bound ourselves to any other of the standing laws or forms of the Church of Scotland, than those above mentioned, intending to lay down such rules for ourselves upon Presbyterian principles in general, as circumstances should from time to time show to be expedient. " The only difficulty that has been made in this matter is, that we are not certain whether the corporation of the Widows' Fund will think it safe to admit the members of your Presbytery, from their distance and other circum- stances. It is, however, the opinion of the members of this Synod, that you either do not intend to ask admission to this fund, which is not mentioned in your letter, or that you are both able and willing to come in upon such terms as will not in the least injure the stock or embarrass the management of that corporation. '^ After receiving this letter, we expect you will send your answer by such of your members as may attend the next meeting of our Synod, which is to be at Philadelphia the third Wednesday of May, 1771." The moderator is ordered to make out a copy of this, properly attested, and deliver it into the hands of Dr. Rodgers and Mr. Caldwell, to be transmitted to the moderator of the Presbytery of South Carolina by the first safe op- portunity. A petition from some members of Hanover Presbytery, requesting that they may be erected into a distinct Presbytery, was brought in and read. The Synod agree to grant the prayer of the said petition, and the Rev. Mr. Hugh ]McCadden, Henry Pattillo, James Criswell, Joseph Alexander, Hezekiah James Balch, and Hezekiah IBalch, are erected into a Presbytery, to be known by the name of the Presbytery of Orange, in North Carolina, and that their first meeting be at Hawfields, the fii'st Wednesday of September next, and that the Rev. Henry Pattillo open the Presbytery with a sermon. But the vacancies in these parts are allowed the same liberty of applying to the Synod for supplies as they have had in several cases heretofore. A petition from the congregations of Lancaster and Leacock, requesting that they may be set off from the Presbytery of Donegall, and be put under the care of New Castle Presbytery, was brought in and read. The Synod agree to grant the prayer of the said petition, and the Presbytery of New Castle is ordered to take the care of those congregations for the future. A request from the Presbytery of New Castle for advice in an afiair respect- ing Mr. Sampson Smith, was brought in, and after it was maturely considered, the Synod is of opinion that Mr. Sampson Smith ought to be continued under suspension till it appears to the Presbytery that he has taken all proper pains to clear himself from all suspicions respecting his conduct at Chestnut Level. A reference from the first Presbytery of Philadelphia respecting this ques- 62 - 410 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1771. tion, viz. Wliether a man may lawfully marry his wife's brother's daughter, was brought in and read, and the consideration of it deferred till the afternoon. Adjourned till three o'clock in the afternoon. Concluded with prayer. Three dclock^ P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Postpreces sederunt qui supra. An application was made in behalf of the Presbyterian church in xilbany, representing that they are deeply involved in debt, and praying that the Synod would recommend them to the assistance of charitable and well disposed per- sons within their bounds. The Synod referred it to Messrs. P. V. B. Living- ston and Elihu Spencer, as a committee to examine and make report of the state of their accounts. The said committee reported, that it appears by the papers produced to them by Mr. Robert Henry, one of the elders of said chui-ch, that they had erected a building for the public worship of God, the expense of which amounted to £2813 9s. 3(7. York currency, that they re- ceived from sundry subscribers £811 10s. 8(7. for that purpose, which left the sum of £2001 18s. 6c7. deficiency, to be paid by three persons only, of which Mr. Henry has paid out of his own pocket £1080 13s. Qd , and is liable for part of what still remains unpaid of said debt. The Synod, therefore, cheerfully and cordially recommend them to the assistance of all well disposed charitable persons within their bounds. The further consideration of the reference from the fii'st Philadelphia Pres- bytery deferred till next year. The Donegall Presbytery petitioned the Synod for sui^plies. Mr. Alexander Miller is appointed to supply, next fall, eight Sabbaths in the bounds of that Presbytery. The Presbytery of New York are appointed to supply on the frontiers of New Jersey and New York, and the Synod agree to pay those who supply them, out of their funds. The Synod agree to grant to the Presbytery of Donegall and New York, each fifteen pounds, and they are required to husband the money, and improve it to the best advantage. The committees appointed to examine the Presbytery books, not having opportunity to examine them, they are referred to next Synod. Mr. Bay requested to review a former minute respecting him, which is defer- red till next Synod. Adjourned to meet at the first Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, on the third Wednesday in May next, at ten o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1771. Philadelphia, May 15/nod met according to adjournment. Postpreces sederunt qui siq)ra. Ordered, To proceed in hearing the appeal entered upon yesterday. The Presbytery proceeded further in the defence of their judgment, and after both parties were fully heard, the Synod adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The consideration of the appeal resumed ; and after much deliberation upon the subject, it was voted, affirm or reverse the judgment of the Presbytery, and it was carried reverse, by a large majority. Mr. McDowell, Mr. Matthew Wilson, Mr. Miller, and Mr. Latta, desired liberty to enter their dissent from the judgment, which was granted, and they are to bring in their reasons to-morrow morning. It was then voted, whether the third Presbyterian congregation of Philadelphia have liberty to prosecute their call for Mr. Duffield, before the Presbytery of Donegal, which was carried by a large majority that they have. Mr. Chauncy Graham and Mr. Eakin have liberty to go home. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 27^^ dai/, nine o'clock, the Si/nod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. With the Rev. Mr. Charles McKnight, who gave sufficient reasons for not coming sooner. An appeal was brought in by the congregation of St. George's and the Forest, from a judgment of the Presbytery of New Castle, August last, which affected said congregations. After the parties were fully heard, and withdrawn, and the Synod had maturely deliberated upon the affair, it was moved that a com- mittee be appointed to draw up a minute to express the sense of the Synod relative to the whole matter. It was also moved that it be voted, reverse or affirm the judgment of the Presbytery. The previous question was then put, which of these should be the state of the vote, and the former was carried, and 432 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1772. accordingly Mr. Miller, Mr. McWtorter, and Mr. Bayard, were appointed a committee for that purpose. Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. Three ddoch, P. M. ilie Synod met aecording to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Petitions were presented for supplies ; one in behalf of Long Canes, Rocky Creek, and places adjacent, in South Carolina; another from the inhabitants near Monongahela and Youghiogeny ; another from the Forks of James River, Virginia, and one from the head of Christina Creek, for supplies in the absence of Mr. McCreary, who was sent to Carolina by the Synod, and by sickness is prevented returning. Mr. George Craighead had leave to go home. A call was put into the Synod from the Long Canes, for Mr. Joseph Smith, which was given to the Presbytery of New Castle, to present to him. Mr. Elmer was proposed for the southern mission, and he chose to consider of it till to-morrow. The Presbytery of Donegal are appointed to send either Mr. Craighead or Mr. King, to Moriongahela, and places adjacent, to supply as long as they con- veniently can. Mr. Robert McMordie is appointed to Virginia, and the Carolinas, for six months. The Presbytery of New Castle inform the Synod, it is probable they will have a candidate this summer, who they think may conveniently spend some time at Monongahela, and places adjacent, and the Forks of James' River. The Presbytery is ordered, if that should be the case, to send him to those places. Mr. Sampson Smith is appointed to supply two months on the South Branch of Potomac. The Presbytery of New Castle are directed to appoint the above candidate two months at the Forks of James' River. The fii-st Philadelphia Presbytery inform us, it is probable they will have two candidates whom they can send this summer to Virginia and the Carolinas. The Presbytery is ordered, accordingly, to send them as soon as they judge it expedient. The Rev. Joshua Hart, of Suffolk Presbytery, is appointed to Virginia and the Carolinas, for six months, and as much longer as he can conveniently. A remonstrance from the first Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, relating to the judgment of the Synod passed yesterday with respect to the appeal from the third Presbyterian Church, was brought in and read, and ordered a second reading to-morrow morning. A petition was presented by Mr. Robert Taylor, signed by sundry members of Cedar Spring and Tuscarora congregations, praying that those congregations should be set off from under the care of Donegal Presbytery, and put under some other. And after due consideration, the prayer of the petition was denied, by a nearly unanimous vote. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 28/7i day, nine dclocle. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post joreces sederunt qui supra. (Excepting Mr. Schank, who went home without asking liberty.) Mr. Elmer informs the Synod he is still unable to determine with any cer- tainty whether he can undertake the southern mission, but engages to go if 1772.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 433 he can make it convenient, and he is accordingly appointed if that should be the case. Messrs. McDowell, Matthew Wilson, and Latta, brought in the reasons of their dissent from the judgment, with respect to the third Presbyterian Church in this city, which arc as follows : "We enter our dissent from the two votes of the Synod, reversing the judg- ment of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, and giving a liberty to the peo- ple, who call themselves the congregation of Pine-street, to prosecute a call in the Presbytery of Donegal, for these reasons following, among others : " 1. Because we apprehend that a vote forwarding a call to any minister of the gospel, without any concurrence of the eldership, and much more in oppo- sition to their solemn caution, a call that was voted when not half the people of Pine-street were present, the session, and others, in the mean time objecting against it, is indeed among us a new mode of proceeding, that might introduce a dangerous precedent, and cause anarchy and confusion, and occasion endless appeals from turbulent and factious parties and persons. '*2. Because the votes referred to, though in appearance against the judg- ment of Presbytery only, yet take in and decide the cause of the commissioners of Market-street congregation, without giving them a fair hearing, contrary to assurance from the Synod. "3. Because these votes do, as far as the Synod could, destroy a solemn and express stipulation, entered in the united congregation of Market and Pine street, first proposed by their own committee, as appears by their records before us, then prepared with deliberation, and publicly read in, and approved by, the congregation convened for that purpose, on notice from the pulpit, which stipu- lation, whatever was pretended to the contrary, must either have been the first, and authentic, or superseded whatever was before it. This authentic contract, we apprehend, it is not in the power of the Synod either to dispense with, or violate. This strange judgment seemed to be chiefly founded on the erroneous supposition that the stipulations gave one society domination over the other, ■whereas it appears to be agreed that the ministers of both houses should preach in rotation, and be equally chosen by a majority of both. '' 4. Because these votes are directly the reverse of what the Synod judged in a similar case of New Castle and Christina congregations, where the diffi- culties were not so great as in the present case, which we think appears evi- dently partial. '' 5. Because the votes referred to were hurried on precipitately, and in a way not usual hei-e, occasioning some confusion, and plainly calculated to stop further reasoning, when the greater part of the members were not heard on the subject. " 6. Finally, because these votes which we dissent from, carried in such a manner, evidently tend to injure the civil property of the people of Market- street ; to take away their house, which they evidently begun and carried on at a vast expense, without any reparation, or otherwise force them into lawsuits, kindle the flames of discord, and unnecessarily destroy the peace of the Presby- terian churches in this city. Alexander McDowell, Matthew Wilson, James Latta." And Dr. Witherspoon and Mr. Richard Treat are appointed a committee to consider those reasons, and if thought necessary to draw up an answer to them, to be laid before the Synod. In a reference to the above paper of reasons of dissent, the Synod observe that although their brethren, who signed that paper, have a right to ofier their own reasons in their own words, yet the Synod does claim it as their privilege to say, that the brethren have proceeded upon a mistaken view of facts, and have misrepresented the same, particularly in respect to the dissolving solemn 65 434 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1772. contracts, and determining civil property, both which the Synod disavow, and do think there is no need of any further remark thereupon. The Presbytery book of Lewestown was revised and approved. The Presbytery of New Brunswick inform the Synod they have two candi- dates, Mr. Simpson and Mr. Wallace, who probably can go to Virginia and the Caroliuas, in the fall. The Synod accordingly appoint these candidates to sup- ply six months, and as much more as they can conveniently, Mr. Simonton has leave to go home. The several Presbyteries were called to render an account agreeably to the order of last year, of the subscriptions for the New Jersey College, and Mr. Halsey was appointed to receive their reports ; but finding only Donegal and New Brunswick Presbyteries were prepared to render them, the others are di- rected to send explicit accounts, according to the order of last year, to Mr. Halsey before September next, that he may lay the whole account before the trustees of said college. ^^ The committee appointed yesterday morning to draw up a minute with re- spect to the appeal of the Forest congregation from a judgment of the New Castle Presbytery, brought in the following, which, as amended, was approyed, and is as follows : " The Synod judge that the Forest congregation have an u.ndoubted right to a copy of whatever papers relate to their congregational affairs, as united with St. Gi-eorge's; that it is reasonable the people of St. G-eorge's should adjust the accounts respecting the glebe money, with the Forest congregation, let them know their dividend thereof, according to the line mentioned in their subscription paper, and allow them their share of all the advantages that have accrued from their common stock, in proportion to their subscriptions ; never- theless the money to continue in the hands of the present trustees until the Forest congregation are erected into a separate society, and have a minister settled among them ; that the Forest people complete the line as agreed to between them and St. G-eorge's ; that as there are yet some of the Forest peo- ple who still pay rent for pews at St. George's, it is but equitable that the members of the latter, possessing pews in the Forest church, should do the same there, in order that the Forest people may be able to ascertain what pro- portion they should have of a minister's labours among them, while they con- tinue united with St. George's. And if there arise any dispute about civil property, the Synod recommend it to them to choose suitable arbiters to settle the same between them. Upon the whole, the Synod do earnestly recom- mend that they should all cultivate the strictest harmony with each other, and study the things that make for peace and tend to promote their mutual edification." The remonstrance of the first Presbyterian church in this city, was read a second time, and the committee who brought it in were heard, and after some time and discourse they reduced to writing their request, which is as follows : " The members of Market street church being informed that the reverend Synod have been pleased to reverse a late judgment of the Presbytery relating to the call of the Rev. Mr. Duffield to their church in Pine street, by which they are like to be affected in some of their most important interests, desire a clear and explicit answer in writing to the following questions : First, whether they are to understand the judgment of the reverend Synod, touching this matter, to be final, and whether the members of said church are hereby precluded from any further hearing in it. Second question, whether the call of the Rev. Mr. Duffield is to their church in Pine street as a minister to officiate in that house, and whether the reverend Synod approve of his being called to officiate there." After these questions were duly considered, the following answer was voted : 1772.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 435 " Grentlemen : I am ordered by the Synod to signify tliat they reckon their minutes a sufficient answer to both the within questions, and they recommend to both parties if they have any disputes upon temporal property, not to go to law, but to refer their differences to the decision of arbiters mutually chosen. " Signed by the clerk." Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'chck. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post j^rcces sede- runt qui supra. The Presbytery of Donegal expressing some uneasiness with the late con- duet of the second Philadelphia Presbytery respecting Mr. Kennedy, the Synod agreed to hear the cause by way of free conference, and all parties having been fully heard, they came to the following conclusion. That as Mr. Kennedy was not under the particular care of any Presbytery when he came into the bounds of Donegal Presbytery, he ought while he preached there to have been under their care, and accountable to them for his conduct ; that the uneasiness with the conduct of the second Pliiladelphia Pres- bytery, arose for want of a proper information concerning it, and that Mr. Ken- nedy 1)6 ordered to put himself immediately under the care of the Donegal Presbytery until they shall have proper time to hear and determine any com- plaints made against him in those parts. The Presbytery of New Castle expressing some uneasiness at the conduct of the second Philadelphia Presbytery for having received and licensed a certain Mr. John McClean, who they apprehend most properly belonged to the Pres- bytery of New Castle, and had applied to them to be licensed ; and while they were taking the proper steps for obtaining more full satisfaction concerning his church membership and Christian character, he, in the mean time, removed from them and applied to the second Philadelphia Presbytery, and was licensed by them ; both the Presbyteries were fully heard in a free conference on this subject, and withdrew. The Synod, after mature deliberation, order Mr. McClean to be cited before the Presbytery of New Castle, with power to them to hear the charges against him and issue the affair in a regular manner, and report to the next meeting of Synod. And the Synod do prohibit the second Philadelphia Presbytery from employing him to preach till the affair shall be concluded. A petition from the members of the session of the third Presbyterian church in this city, asking advice of this Synod with respect to the execution of their office, in consequence of the judgment of the [Synod respecting that church, after it was duly considered they returned the following answer, viz : The Synod advise them to continue to act as elders, but in case they cannot consis- tently with what they apprehend to be their duty, continue as such, and act upon the decisions of Synod, that they may resign their office, and the congre- gation proceed to choose other elders who may have freedom to act according to the determinations of the Synod. In answer to the petition for supplies from Christiana and White Clay creek, we appoint to supply there Dr. Alison the first Sabbath in June, Mr. Hunter the third ; Mr. Thomas Read the first Sabbath in July, Mr. Simontou the third ; Mr. Green the first Sabbath in August, Mr. Boyd the third, and Mr. John Simpson the fifth. Overtured, whether the state of the Presbyteries belonging to this Synod is such as contributes most to the interest of religion and the honour of this body. Deferred till next year. Liberty was asked for ordaining Mr. Daniel Jones, whose state of health 436 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1773 seems to make it necessary he should take a voyage to sea ; this was referred to the Presbytery to which he belongs. Answers to several questions proposed by a committee of the Synod to the Associate Presbytery were brought in ; but as the Synod had not time to read them they refer the consideration of them to the following committee, Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. McWhorter, Joseph Treat, William Mills, Caldwell, and Halsey, who are to meet the sixteenth of June at Elizabeth- town. Mr. Sproat is appointed stated clerk to the Synod, to transcribe the minutes and preserve the papers belonging to it, who is ordered to give proper certifi- cates to those appointed upon distant missions. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of May next, to meet in the first Pres- byterian church in this city, at ten o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. V 1773. Philadelphia, May 19th, 1773. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. Ubi post preces sederunt From the Dutchess county Presbytery : The Rev. Ichabod Lewis. From the Presbytery of New York : The Rev. Azariah Horton, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, Joseph Treat, Aaron Richards, Benjamin Halt, Jonathan Murdoch, Dr. Rodgers. From the Presbytery of New Brunswick : The Rev. Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, William Schanck, Jacob Vanarsdalen, and Dr. Witherspoon. From the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Richard Treat, James Sproat, John Brainerd, Andrew Hunter, James Boyd, James Watt, Benjamin Chesnutt, Alexander Mitchell. From the second Philadelphia Presbytery : Dr. Alison, and the Rev. John Ewing, John Simonton, John Elder, Joseph Tate, and Patrick Alison. From the New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Joseph Montgomery, William Foster, James Wilson, James Anderson, Samuel Eakin, John Carmichael, James Latta. From the Lewestown Presbytery : The Rev. John Miller. From the Donegal Presbytery : The Rev. John Roan, John Strain, John Craighead, Hugh Vance, Robert Cooper, John King. Elders : Messrs. James Edgar, Thomas Beard, William Clark, Matthias Boyd, George Curry, Benjamin Branon, John McCalla, Thomas Reeve, Abraham Van- middlesworth, John Johnson, James Jackson, AVilliam Peartree Smith, Esq'r. Thomas Waters, Garret Noel, John Smilie. Ministers absent : Of Dutchess county Presbytery : The Rev. Chancey Gra- ham, Elisha Kent, Samuel Dunlap, Benjamin Strong, Solomon Mead, Eliphalet Ball, Wheeler Case, and Samuel Mills. Of New York Presbytery : The Rev. Timothy Jones, Jonathan Elmer, Azel Roe, Benjamin Woodruff, Simon Horton, Jacob Green, John Moffat, Hugh Knox, Thomas Lewis, Nathan Kerr, Abner Brush, William Wood- hull, Jedidiah Chapman, Samuel Sacket, Alexander Miller, Oliver Deeming, Amzi Lewis. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. William Tennent, John Ros- borough, Israel Reed, John Hannah, Thomas Smith, Charles McKnight, John Guild, James Lyon, Job Prudden, Francis Peppard. Of first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Enoch Green, Nehemiah Green- man. 1773.] NEW YORK AND PniLADELPIIIA. 437 Of second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Robert McMordie and John Steel. Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Robert Smith, William ISIcCannon, Joseph Smith, James Finley, Josiah Lewis, Thomas Read, John Woudliull, Alexander McDowell, John Clark, Sampson Smith, John jMcCrcary. Of Lewestown Presbytery : The Rev. Matthew Wilson, Alexander Huston, Jacob Kerr. Of Donegal Presbytery : The Rev. James Hunt, John Slcmmons, Samuel Thomson, Juhn Ilofrtr, Amos Thomson, James Long. Absent, the whole l*resbyteries of Hanover, Orange, and Suflfolk counties. The Rev. Mr. Joseph Treat opened the Synod by a sermon from 1 Cor. iv. 2. Mr. Sproat was chosen moderator, Messrs. Spencer and Caldwell clerks. Dutchess county Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. David Close since the last Synod. New York Presbytery report, Mr. John Darby has withdrawn from their Presbytery. New Brunswick Presbytery report, they have licensed Mr. Caleb Wallace to preach as a candidate ; and that Mr. Alexander McClane is dismissed from them and removed from the bounds of the Synod. First Philadelphia Presbytery report, the Rev. Mr. Charles Beatty was re- moved by death on the thirteenth of August last, and that they have licensed to preach as candidates IMr. Daniel McCalla and Mr. William HoUingshead. The Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, they have received the Rev. Mr. Hugh McGill from Ireland. But it being objected that he was suspended fi.-om his ministry in Ireland by the Associate Presbytery, of which he had been a minister, which was confessed by himself; and the second Philadelphia Presbytery not appearing to us to have had sufficient evidence of the grounds of that suspension, thus virtually to reverse it, nor otherwise to have received satisfactory testimonials in his favour, the Synod therefore reverse that part of the judgment of the Presbytery by which he was received. New Castle Presbytery report, they have licensed Messrs. Samuel Stan- hope Smith, Nathaniel Irwin, Robert Davidson, Samuel Dougal, and James Power. Donegal Presbytery report, they have ordained Mr. William Thorn and licensed Mr. Thomas McFerrin, and received the Rev. Mr. Robert Huey from the Presbytery of Derry in Ireland, and the Rev. Messrs. David Maclure and Levi Frisby from New England. But it appearing to the Synod that these two last mentioned were under the direction of the board of correspondents from the society of Scotland and appointed to an Indian Mission, and are not dismissed from the ecclesiastical council by which they were ordained in New England, the Synod reverse the judgment of the Presbytery receiving them into full membership, but approve of their taking them under their care while they are labouring occasionally in the bounds of the Presbytery. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 20th day, nine ddoch, the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederxint qui supra. (With Robert Smith, Charles McKnight, John Slemmons, Joseph Smith, ministers ; and Mr. Robert Armour, elder.) It was moved that the dismission or reception of members and candidates be made matter of report by our several Presbyteries, which was agreed to. In consequence of which the Presbytery of New Y^ork report, they had dis- missed Mr. Francis Peppard to the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and the 438 MINUTES OP THE SYNOD OP [1773. Presbytery of New Brunswick report, they have received him, and that they have dismissed Mr. Caleb Wallace to join one of the southern Presbyteries in the bounds of which he may labour. The Presbytery of Donegall report, they have dismissed Mr. George Duffield, who had accepted a call to a congregation under the care of the second Phila- delphia Presbytery. The Rev. Mr. William Stuart produced a certificate and recommendation from the Presbytery of Perry in Ireland, of which he had been a member, and as he proposes to travel to the southern provinces, he desired the Synod would give him such recommendation as they might judge expedient, without his being considered as a member, which he does not yet choose till he can determine the place of his settlement. Dr. Witherspoon, Mr. Miller, Mr. Latta, and Dr. Rodgers, are appointed to converse with Mr. Stuart and make report to the Synod. Messrs. Lewis, Hait, Joseph Treat, Richards, Halsey, McKnight, Hunter, Chesnutt, Patrick Alison, Simonton, Foster, Latta, Miller, Roan,_ Craighead, William Clark, James Jackson, and John McCalla, are appointed a committee of overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and as often after- wards by adjournment as they may judge expedient. Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Patrick Alison are appointed a committee to ex- amine the New York Presbytery book. Dr. Rodgers and Mr. Robert Smith to examine the Presbytery book of New Brunswick. Mr. Ewing and Mr. Tate to examine the book of the first Philadelphia Pres- bytery. Mr. Joseph. Treat and Mr. Foster to examine the second Philadelphia Pres- bytery book. Mr. Cooper and Mr. King to examine the Presbytery book of New Castle. The other Presbytery books are not brought in. The Synod appoint as their commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Alison, John Ewing, Elihu Spencer, William Tennent, Dr. Rodgers, Alexander McWhorter, William Mills, John Close, Solomon Mead, Ichabod Lewis, Robert Smith, Joseph Montgomery, Matthew Wilson, John Miller, George Duffield, John Roan, with the moderator ; and Messrs. William Peartree Smith, John McCalla, Garret Noel, John Johnson, James Jackson, and William Clark, elders ; thirteen of whom to be a quorum, to be called by the moderator ; but if the moderator should die, or be absent, the first in order in the minute shall have power to call the commission and preside. Inquiry being made at the several Presbyteries, how far they had complied with the recommendation of the Synod in raising money for the education of poor pious youth, it was found the Presbyteries of New York, New Brunswick, and the members of the second Philadelphia Presbytery, had complied fully, and had several young men at education ; some of the other Presbyteries have done something, but have not answered the design of the Synod. They are now ordered to prosecute this important plan, as speedily as possible, and be ready to make a particular report to the next Synod. The committee appointed to dispose of money in the hands of the treasurer of the College of New Jersey, for poor and pious youth, i-eport, they met ac- cording to appointment, and disposed of the money in hand last year. And the Synod appoint for a committee to dispose of such money as shall be due October next. Dr. Witherspoon, Messrs. Tennent, Guild, Ewing, Spencer, Cald- well, Halsey, Richard Treat, Israel Read, McWhorter, any three of whom to 1772.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 439 be a quorum, to attend at New Jersey College the third Wednesday of August next. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'cIocJc, P. M., the Syiwdmet according to adjournment. Post precei sederunt qui supra. ("With Messrs. Matthew "Wilson, "William Thom, Alexander McDowell, and Kobert Huey, ministers ; and Messrs. William Denny, and Anthony Tate, elders.) The Presbytery of Donegal complied with the appointment of last year, to supply Monongahela. The Presbytery of New Castle did the same. IMr. McMordie complied with his appointment and went to Carolina. The first Presbytery of Philadelphia found it inexpedient to send the can- didates to Carolina, which they mentioned last year. Mr. Joshua Hart, of Suffolk Presbytery, did not comply with the appoint- ment of the Synod last year to go to Carolina. Mr. Schank gave sufficient reasons for leaving the Synod last year without leave. Mr. Elmer did not comply with the appointment of Synod last year. Mr. Simpson complied with the appointment of the last Synod, and supplied seven months in the southern provinces. Mr. Wallace was providentially prevented going according to his appoint- ment. Mr. John McClean did not attend the Presbytery of New Castle according to the appointment of last Synod, to answer the charges exhibited against his moral character, but hath gone to Carolina, and is preaching contrary to order, and under the pretence of being a candidate in regular standing with one of our Presbyteries. The Synod is also informed, that Mr. John Beard, who was de- posed from the work of the ministry, is also preaching in Carolina. Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Caldwell are appointed to bring in a draught of a letter to the Presbyteries of Hanover, in "V^irginia, and Orange, in Carolina, with respect to these gentlemen. And as we are informed, Mr. McClean shows a certificate signed with Mr. Tate's name as clerk to a committee of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia, which Mr. Tate says is forged ; he is therefore desired to write to the Presbytery aforesaid to inform them of the imposition. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 21s< day. Nine o'clock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. (With the Kev. Mr. Thomas Read.) Mr. Brainerd reports the Indian school under his care has not been con- tinued the last year, he not being able to obtain a proper master, but that he had as often as consistent with his other business, attended to the instruction of the children. And he further reports, that he preaches in seven places, besides the two In- dian societies under his special care. For these services the Synod allow Mr. Brainerd twenty-five pounds. Ordered, that the treasurer pay the same. Mr. Brainerd is also allowed the eighteen pounds, interest of money in the bands of the trustees of New Jersey College, for an Indian mission. Agreed that the treasurer for the Synod, for the future give bond to three members, chosen by the Synod, for all the money in his hands, and that he allow for it three per cent, per annum interest. 440 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1773. The Synod then made choice of Dr. Witherspoon for their treasurer, and Dr. Alison, Mr. Richard Treat, and Mr. Sproat, are directed to take a proper bond from Dr. Witherspoon for the money which shall be in his hands at the end of this session of Synod, payable to them in one year for the use of the Synod. And Mr. Treat, our late treasurer, is ordered to pay to Dr. "Witherspoon the money now in his hands belonging to the Synod. IMessrs. Montgomery and Caldwell brought in a draught of a letter to the Presbyteries of Hanover and Orange, according to the order of yesterday, which was approved of. Ordered, That the clerks make out fair copies of said letter, and that the moderator sign them, and send one copy to each Presbytery aforesaid, as soon as possible. The stated clerk is ordered to record this letter in the Appendix. The minutes of the last General Convention were brought by Dr. Rodgers, their stated register, and read ; and as the convention is to meet again at Stan- ford, in Connecticut, the first Wednesday in September next, at eleven o'clock, we appoint to attend there, and to act as members from the Synod, the Rev. Dr. Francis Alison, Dr. John Witherspoon, Dr. John Rodgers, Andrew Hunter, Elihu Spencer, John Brainerd, Benjamin Halt, John Ewing, Benjamin Ches- nutt, Joseph Montgomery, Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, Joseph Treat, John Carmichael, William Mills, John Close, Jeremiah Halsc}^, Samuel Mills, and Ichabod Lewis ; and Dr. Witherspoon to open the convention with a sermon, but in case he should fail, Mr. McWhorter is appointed in his room. The committee appointed in behalf of the Synod to dispose of money in the hands of the corporation of the widows' fund, read their minutes before the Synod, which were approved ; and we appoint as a committee for the same pur- pose this year, Messrs. Spencer, Sproat, Montgomery, McWhorter, and Cald- well, to meet to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, at Sir. Sproat' s, and as often afterwards as expedient. Mr. Samuel Eakin being by last Synod restored to the exercise of his min- istry for one year, and put under the particular care of New Castle Presbytery, the Presbytery was now called upon, and reports as follows : " That immediately after the last session of Synod they received the Rev. Samuel Eakin under their care, and since that time he has laboured in the work of the ministry, at their direction, and that he has behaved himself in a becoming and regular manner as far as is known to them." The Synod hoping the censures inflicted upon Mr. Eakin have had their proper influence, and that from his conduct the year past, his repentance is sincere, do therefore now fully restore him to the exercise of the ministry ; and do earnestly recommend to him the greatest humility, circumspection, and meekness, through the remaining part of his life. And as Mr. Eakin has the prospect of labouring at present chiefly in the bounds of the first Philadel- phia Presbytery, he is therefore joined to that. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three d'clocJc, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Postpreces sederunt qui supra. (With the Rev. Mr. James Long, who gave sufficient reasons for not coming sooner.) Upon inquiry being made of the several Presbyteries concerning their com- pliance with the order of last Synod, to collect for the charitable uses then mentioned, it was found that some Presbyteries, through mistake or neglect, 1773.] NEW YOllK AND PHILADELPHIA. 441 have not complied. Tliosc who have collected arc ordered to pay the same into the hands of thu Synod's treasurer immediately; and those ]'resl)yterics who have not collected, are ordered to do it speedily; as also thdse who have done it in part, are ordered to cumjiletc what is yet unfinished. And they are now directed to make those collections in vacancies as well as congregations which have settled ministers. And that this may be done more thoroughly, we order the several Presbyteries to make this known at their first session, and then take proper care to have the collections made in their bounds, and pro- vide that a complete list be made out, of ministers and congregations, with their collections, to be laid before and examined by the respective Presbyteries, at some session previous to the meeting of the Synod, and prepared for printing next year, without taking up the time of the Synod. Those ministers who have not read the Pastoral Letter to their congregations, are directed to do it, and also in the vacancies. Dr. Rodgers is appointed to acquaint the Presbytery of Suffolk of this matter, and the clerks to send attested copies of this order to the Presbyteries of Hano- ver and Orange, and to send them some of our Pastoral Letters by Mr. Wallace, a candidate going to the southward. For the purpose of procuring books to bestow on the poor : in Philadelphia, Dr. Francis Alison, Mr. Sproat, Mr. Montgomery, Mr. John Bayard, and Mr. Jonathan Smith ; and in New York, Dr. llodgers, Mr. Treat, Mr. McWhorter, Mr. Caldwell, and Mr. Noel, are appointed as committees, and that they do not exceed the sum of twenty pounds, pro. cur., to be laid out by each committeej and that they draw on the treasurer for this sum. The Presbytery of New York applied to the Synod for the whole or part of the money collected by them this year, to be applied towards the rebuilding the Presbyterian church in the island of Saba, which was destroyed by the hurricane last year. The petition from Saba to the Presbytery was read, and the Presby- tery oiFered their reasons for appropriating said money. The Synod remitted to the Presbytery to determine what part of said money should be allowed to. Saba; and the Presbytery, after consulting, reported that they determined fifty pounds should be allowed for that purpose, which is accordingly agreed to, and the treasurer is ordered to pay that sum into the hands of Dr. Kodgers, to be remitted to Saba. The Presbyteries of New York, New Castle, Suffolk, Dutchess, and the first Philadelphia Presbytery, which have not complied with the order of last Synod to transmit to Mr. Halsey an account of the money subscribed in their bounds to the college of New Jersey, are ordered to comply as speedily as possible. Mr. Samuel Kennedy, a candidate, did not comply with the order of last Synod, to put himself under the care of Donegal Presbytery, although he hath continued to preach in their bounds. Mr. Kennedy gave in a paper to the Synod, assigning the reasons of his conduct. The consideration of this affair is deferred. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. I^d day, nine o'clock, the Si/yiod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Except Mr. Thomas Waters, who is gone home. The consideration of Mr. Kennedy's conduct resumed. Mr. Kennedy was fully heard, and as he had in offering his reasons blamed the Presbytery, they were also heard. After due consideration, the question was put, Is Mr. Ken- nedy excusable or not ; and it was carried, not. Adjourned till Monday morning, ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 66 442 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1773. 24:th day^ ten o^clock. The Synod met according to adjournment Post preces sederunt qui supra. With Mr. John Golden, an elder. It was moved what censure should be inflicted upon Mr. Kennedy, in con- sequence of the judgment of Saturday last, and after it was considered and debated, ordered that he be rebuked from the chair for not complying with the order of last Synod to put himself under the care of Donegal Presbytery, and be remitted to the Presbytery, who are required to give him, before the Synod break up, a copy of such charges as they have now against him, and cite him to appear before them, to take his trial, the last Tuesday in June nest, at Caughnawaga. The Presbytery of Donegal requested that some members of Synod might be joined with them on the trial. Ordered, That Mr. Robert Smith, Mr. Latta, Mr. Porster, and Mr. Woodhull, be added to them for that purpose. And Mr. Cooper is appointed to cite such evidences as the Presbytery may judge necessary, and to give Mr. Kennedy citations for such evidences as he may require. Mr. Kennedy was then called in, submitted to the judgment, and was rebuked by the moderator. The committee appointed last Synod to consider the answers given by the Associate Presbytery to sundry questions which had been proposed by the Synod's committee, report : they met, and did read and consider said answers, and did not think it necessary to make any remarks upon them, nor to give any other answer to the Presbytery than as follows : that as the Associate brethren had not given any answer to the proposal of the committee from the Synod the year before, viz., that if anything was to be done further toward a coalition between the Associate brethren and the Synod, the proposal must come from the former, which they, the committee, should be ready to receive any time before next Synod. But that no such proposal has been made to them. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three dclocTc, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment Postpreees ^ sederunt qui supra. With Mr. Thomas Bourne, Mr. Eichard Treat's elder. An overture respecting the regulation of the Presbyteries referred from the last Synod, is referred till the next year. A petition and complaint from Mr. Alexander Alexander, against the second Philadelphia Presbytery, was brought in by the committee of overtures, and read. But it appearing to the Synod the matter of which he complains had not been decided by the Presbytery, ordered, that it be referred to the Presby- tery, who are required to hear it this evening or to-morrow. An overture was brought in by Mr. Roan in the following words : " Whereas, there have been repeated complaints from serious persons of the degeneracy of many of the Presbyterian denomination in Great Britain and L'eland, and their falling off from the great doctrines of the Reformation, so that it is very possible there may be Presbyteries the majority of which would not be unwilling to license, ordain, or recommend ministers unsound in tho faith ; it seems to be of moment to guard against the admission of strangers into this body, before their principles and character are thoroughly ascertained : Therefore it is overtured, that no Presbytery be permitted to receive any stranger under the character of minister or candidate, or to give him appoint- 1773.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 448 ments in the congregations under our care, until the Synod that shall meet next after their arrival, that the whole tostimouials and credentials offered by such persons be laid before the Synod, to be by them considered and judged of, in order to their admission or rejection. "John Roan." Which after full consideration was voted and admitted by a small majority. Several members desired liberty to enter their dissent, with their reasons, against the preceding vote, which was granted. Their reasons are iu the following words : " The second Presbytery of Philadeli)hia unanimously dissent from, and pro- test against, the injurious law recorded above. " 1. Because it takes away from the Presbyteries some of their essential rights, restrainiug them from performing the duties of ordaining and admitting ministers agreeably to the Scriptures and the constitution and practice of the Presbyterian churches. Christ has vested his ministers with certain powers for the edification of his church, which they may not surrender or deliver up to the dominion of any man, or any body of men, whatever. If they err in the exercise of their powers they are accountable to the higher judicatures of the church, but they are not to be deprived of them merely because they may err in the exercise of them. " 2. Because it insinuates a strong suspicion that Presbyteries are unfaith- ful or unsound, and therefore not to bo trusted in this matter, which is fixing an unjust reproach on their judicatures, and only serves to lessen their credit and influence. " 3. Because it is highly uncharitable and inconsistent with the love, respect, and fellowship which we owe the Protestant churches abroad, as it brings a promiscuous charge of unsoundness against, and lays an heavy reproach upon all the judicatures of their churches, contrary to all justice and modesty, and to the peace and harmony which should be promoted among the churches of Christ. " 4. Because unfriendly, unequal, and offensive treatment of ministers and candidates who are strangers, tends to fill them with prejudices against this body, as acting in an arbitrary, uncharitable manner, and inconsistent with the known rules of Presbyterianism, which will deter them from uniting with the Synod, and induce them to erect Presbyteries independent of it, to the great dishonour and injury of religion. *' 5. Because the precedent hereby established is not only wrong in itself, as it divests our Presbyteries of their inherent rights, but extremely pernicious in its consequences. If the Synod is allowed this power with respect to ministers or probationers from Europe, why may it not at any time be pleaded with re- spect to those from every other part of the world ? Why may not the Synod, claiming thus far, extend their authority to the ordination of all our American probationers under some plausible pretences, such as, that the Synod is more faithful, or more learned, or fitter to judge of the piety of those who are to be received ? " 6. Because we have rules of proceeding as a Presbyterian church, re- specting this matter, which from long experience have been found sufficient to preserve this Synod pure and free from errors ; these rules are agreeable to our Presbyterian plan, and consistent with the several rights of our respective judicatures, whereas the present one is useless, unwarranted, and anti-Presby- terial. " 7. As the agreements of 1764 and 1765 were repeatedly alleged to be, and evidently are, for the same purpose pretended in the overture now made a re- ligious law, in which the northern provinces are expressly named, and as these provinces were repeatedly mentioned in the course of the debate, and nothing 444 MIXUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1773. said, or oven insinuater.!, that tboy were excluded, dviring the whole time ia which this matter was argiied. nor when the overture w:is read before it was voted, it must appear eqiiivocation to explain the moaning of the law in a sense that would except the American Continent, to relieve some dissenting brethren, leaving others deeply grieve^l and afflicted. '' Against the aforesaid law, therefore, we. the second Presbytery of Phila- delphia, do protest in omr Presbyterial capacity, and hereby enter our reasons upon record, to relieve our consciences, and testify our opposition to what is so partial, so uncharitable, so unjust and oppressive. "Fra>.-cis Alisox, John Elder. Joseph Tate, John E\^^^•G, Jonx SiMOXTOx, Patrick Alison.'' Pissentient : Dr. Rodgers, Joseph Montgomery, Alexander McWhorter, John Miller, Alexander 31cDowell, James Anderson, Thomas Read, James Caldwell. Reasons of dissent from an Qvertnre formal into an act of Synod, ordaining that no minister or candidate from foreign parts shall be admitted to member- ship by any Prej^bytery, but by the Synod alone. '• IHssentient, 1. Because this overttire tends to overthrow the essential rights of a Presbytery, the radical judicature of our church, unwari-anted in Scripture, and from which we derive our name, Presbyterians. The power of ordination, of receiving and rejecting members, evidently belongs, according to God's word, to this judicature only. But this overture takes it away from it, and gives its work and power to a Syond, which is only a volimtary association of different Presbyteries, or a council to give advice in difficult matters, and to secure peace, orthodoxy, edification, and mutual confidence, and has no power to make any arbitrary decisions, to which Presbyteries can only submit when their arbitrations are for the good of the whole. " 2. Because this overture is very uncharitable and contrary to the dictates of the humble and affectionate temper of the gospel, which ' esteems others better th:m ourselves,' and ' thinketh no evil.' It strongly implies that our Presbyteries are either so ignorant as not to know, or so degenerate as not to regard, the qualific-ations of their own members, and would ' lay hands suddenly on any man.' and admit to the ministry or to the rights of membership, without proper testimonials and authentic recommendations. *• 3. Because it discovers great want of candour in judging of other churches of Christ, as if all the reformeIr. Joseph Riggs, Sir. McWhorter's elder, is now come. Messrs. Robert Smith and Caldwell are appointed a committee to examine the Donegal Presbytery book. As no other Presbytery books are brought, ordered, that each Presbytery bring their books to our next Synod, and par- ticularly inasmuch as the books of Dutchess, Suffolk, and Hanover, have not for some years past been produced, it is ordered that those Presbyteries be punctual in bringing them to our next meeting of Synod. Messrs. Timothy Jones and Jonathan Elmer are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. Dr. "Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. McWhorter and Caldwell, are ap- pointed a committee to bring in, as soon as convenient, a draught of a minute respecting the congregations sending elders to our judicatures. The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hands of the trea- surer of the college of New Jersey, for the education of poor and pious youth, report, that they met according to appointment, and disposed of the money in hand last year. Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. Tennent, Guild, Spencer, Caldwell, Halscy, Richard Treat, Israel Reed, Alexander McWhorter, and Roe, are ap- pointed a committee, any three of whom to be a quorum, to meet at Princeton 1775.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 4G3 the third Wednesday of next August, to dispose of said money for the present year. Mr. Halsey is now come, his reason for not attending sooner, sustained. John Welch, Mr. Case's elder, i.s now come. The committee of rhiladelphia for purchasing and distributing books, are not present to make any report agreeable to the order of last Synod. The Synodical treasurer reports, that he has obtained a bond with sufficient security for the payment of the legacy bequeathed by the Rev. Diodate Johnston of Connecticut. Doctor Rodgers fulfilled the mission on the frontiers as appointed, his pulpit was supplied as ordered. The Doctor's report concerning said mission defen'ed till to-morrow. Neither 3Ir. Caldwell nor Mr. McWhorter fulfilled the mission appointed them, their reasons sustained. Doctor Eodgcrs's report respecting his mission deferred till next sederunt. The Presbytery of New Brunswick inform, that on account of the absence of their stated clerk, they cannot now produce the certificates on which they received Mr. Gourly, agreeable to the order of last Synod respecting such cases. Ordered, That said certificates be produced at the next Synod. The Presbytery of Donegal fulfilled the appointment respecting the adminis- tration of the Lord's Supper at Great Cove. The Synod appoint as a commission for the present year, the Ptev. Messrs. Richard Treat, John Miller, Matthew Wilson, John Todd, David Caldwell, John King, Robert Cooper, Joseph Montgomery, James Finley, William Foster, Andrew Hunter, George Duffield, Dr. AUson, Patrick Alison, William Tennent, Dr. Witherspoon, Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Alexander IMcWhorter, Azariah Horton, Dr. Rodgers, James Caldwell, David Rose, Wheeler Case, James Sproat, Benjamin Chestnutt, John Simonton, John Brainerd, Israel Reed, and Thomas Lewis, with the moderator; and elders, Messrs. Robert Ogden, Garret Noel, Peter Ryker, Elisha Beach, Nathaniel Ball, Joseph Riggs, Maskel Ewing, Gunning Bedford, McMillan, and George Bryan, twenty-two of whom, with the moderator, to be a quorum ; and in case of the death of the moderator, the fii'st upon the above list to be moderator, and to call the commission. Mr. Debow has not fulfilled the mission to the southern colonies ; the reasons for the omission were sustained. Messrs. Samuel Smith and Samuel Dugal have fulfilled their appointments. Messrs. Latta, John Hannah, and Forster, have not fulfilled their appoint- ments, ordered by the last Synod. The Synod are not informed whether the Rev. Samuel Blair has become a member of any of our Presbyteries, agreeable to the order of last Synod. The order of Synod respecting a fast was complied with. Adjourned to meet at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Tliree o'clock, P. 31. The Synod met according to adjournment. Postpreces sederunt qui supra. (With Messrs. Vanarsdale and Irwin, as also Mr. Bayley, Mr. Burnet's elder, who are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained.) Mr. Bay is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained ; his elder is John Albertis, who is also present. Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Messrs. Caldwell, Halsey, Smith, Kerr, and Ogden, are appointed a committee to bring in to-morrow in the afternoon, a draught of a pastoral letter. 464 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1775. Ordered, That Mr. Brainerd receive this year the interest of the three hun- dred pounds in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey College for an Indian mission. Messrs. Hait, Woodruff, Roe, Elmer, Thomas Lewis, and Chapman, are ap- pointed a committee in behalf of the Synod, to inquire into the design of the aforesaid fund, and to endeavour to settle with the trustees of the said college the day after their public commencement, to what purposes the interest of it ought to be applied, and by whom the objects shall be nominated. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. May 19^A, nine o'clock, A. 31. The Synod met aceording to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The minutes of the last general convention were brought in by Dr. Rodgers, their stated register, and read.^ The Synod appoint as delegates for the next convention, Messrs, Dr. Wither- spoon. Dr. Alison, Dr. Rodgers, Wheeler Case, Ichabod Lewis, Samuel Mills, David Rose, John Davenport, Joseph Treat, Thomas Lewis, Benjamin Wood- ruff, John Close, Benjamin Hait, Jeremiah Halsey, Elihu Spencer, Israel Reed, John Brainerd, James Sproat, Nathaniel Irwin, Robert Davison, Joseph Montgomery, and John Woodhull, to meet at Greenfield in Connecticut, the first Wednesday of next September. Mr. Joseph Treat to open the conven- tion with a sermon, and in case of Mr. Treat's absence, Mr. Hait to preach the sermon. By the committee of overtures was brought in an application from the Pres- byterian congregation in Salem, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, under the care of the Rev. Dr. Whitaker, representing that in October last, together with many other valuable buildings, their meeting-house had been consumed by fii'e ; and earnestly soliciting this Synod to commiserate their case, and take such methods for their relief as to them may appear expedient. As also, an earnest address from the Presbytery of Boston to the Synod, in favour of said society. The Synod, considering the distressed condition of said people, agree in heartily recommending them as an object of charity, hoping all persons of ability will contribute to their relief. Mr. John Woodhull is now come; his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. Doctor Rodgers reports, that in his mission on the frontiers of the province of New York, he preached at many different places, met with a very agree- able reception, endeavoured to form the people into religious societies as far as circumstances would admit; that those people very gratefully acknow- ledged the Synod's care respecting them, and earnestly request the continu- ance of it. The Synod considering the present alarming state of public affairs, do una- nimously judge it their duty to call all the congregations under thuir care to solemn fasting, humiliation, and prayer, and for this purpose appoint the last Thursday of June next to be carefully and religiously observed. But as the Continental Congress are now sitting, who may probably appoint a fost for the same purpose, the Synod, from respect to that august body, and for the greater harmony with all other denominations, and for the greater public order, if the Congress shall appoint a day not above four weeks distant from the said last Thursday of June, order that the congregations belonging to this Synod do keep the day appointed by the Congress, in obedience to this resolution ; and if they appoint a day more distant, the Synod order both to be observed by all our communion. The Synod also earnestly recommend it to all the congre- 1775.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 465 gations under their care to spend the afternoon of the last Thursday in every month in public solemn prayer to God, during the continuance of our present troubles. The Synod order, that each Presbytery take care to endeavour to obtain col- lections for pious uses in all those congregations who have not yet contributed agreeably to our last act for that purpose, and be prepared to make report re- specting this matter at the next meeting of Synod; and that the clerks serve the absent Presbyteries with copies of this minute. A reference was brought in by the Presbytery of New York respecting the propriety of ordaining Mr. Ebenezer Bradford to the gospel ministry sine titido. After deliberation and reasoning on this aifair the Synod agree to remit it to the Presbytery. Adjourned to meet at three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Application was made to the Synod by the Presbytery of New Castle for advice respecting the propriety of Mr. Samuel Smith's being ordained by said Presbytery of New Castle, under whose care he is, in consequence of his hav- ing accepted a call from a congregation within the bounds of the Presbytery of Hanover. The Synod having heard all the circumstances relative to this case, and de- liberated thereon, agree that it is not expedient for the Presbytery of New Cas- tle to ordain Mr. Smith as the matter now stands. The committee for bringing in the draught of a Pastoral Letter, report that tliey have not yet completed said draught. Ordered, That they bring it in to-morrow morning. A question was brought into Synod by the New Castle Presbytery respecting the expediency of receiving young men on trials for the ministry without their having obtained a college diploma. The consideration of this question deferred till the next meeting of Synod. Messrs. Tennent, Thomas Lewis, and Boyd, have leave to go home. A petition was brought into Synod by the Rev. Hugh McGrill, who appeared before the Synod in the year 1773, representing that he is now able to lay be- fore this Synod further light respecting his character, and earnestly requesting to be received as a member. The Synod having read all the papers produced by Mr. McGill, and heard such verbal testimony as could be obtained respecting him ; and also heard Mr. McGill's representation of his own case, proceeded to serious ^^consideration of this matter. After some time spent in reasoning on the affair, agreed to defer the decision of it till next sederunt. Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. May lOth, nine o'clock, A. 31. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The affair of Mr. McGill resumed. The Synod having heard all that could at present be further offered in respect to Mr. McGill, and again deliberated on his case, find that he had been suspended from preaching by the Burgher As- sociate Presbytery of Monaghan in Ireland, and afterwards deposed by the Burgher Associate Synod of Edinburgh; and do therefore judge, that however 59 466 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1775. we have credible testimony in favour of his character, both before the accusa- tion was brought against him in his own Presbytery, and since his removal from Ireland, yet we cannot, at present, receive him as a member. But willing to do every thing in our power for his relief, agree in the mean time, to take every possible method to obtain information, both from the Presbytery which suspended, and the Synod which deposed him. And accordingly we appoint Dr. Rodgers to endeavour to obtain all the light he can from the Associate Presbytery of Monaghan, and Dr. Witherspoon to procure such information as he can from the above-mentioned Synod, respecting said Mr. McGill, to be laid before the Synod at their next meeting. The committee brought in a draught of a Pastoral Letter, which, after a few alterations, was approved, ordered to be printed, and is as follows : " A Pastoral Letter, &c. " Very dear Brethren — The Synod of New York and Philadelphia being met at a time when public affairs wear so threatening an aspect, and when (unless God in his sovereign Providence speedily prevent it) all the horrors of a civil war throughout this great Continent are to be apprehended, were of opinion, that they could not discharge their duty to the numerous congregations under their care, without addressing them at this important crisis. As the firm be- lief, and habitual recollection of the power and presence of the living God, ought at all times to possess the minds of real Christians, so in seasons of pub- lic calamity, when the Lord is known by the judgment which he executeth, it would be an ignorance or indifference highly criminal not to look up to him with reverence, to implore his mercy by humble and fervent prayer, and, if possible, to prevent his vengeance by unfeigned repentance. '' We do therefore, brethren, beseech you in the most earnest manner, to look beyond the immediate authors either of your sufferings or fears, and to ac- knowledge the holiness and justice of the Almighty in the present visitation. He is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works. Affliction springeth not out of the dust. He doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men ; and, therefore, it becomes every person, family, city, and province, to humble themselves before his throne, to confess their sins, by which they have provoked his indignation, and intreat him to pour out upon all ranks a spirit of repentance and of prayer. Fly also for forgiveness to the atoning blood of the great Bedecmer — the blood of sprinkling, which speaketh better things than that of Abel. Bemember and confess not only your sins in gene- ral, but those prevalent national offences, which may be justly considered as the procuring causes of jDublic judgments; particularly profaneness and con- tempt of God, his name, Sabbaths, and sanctuary ; pride, luxury, uncleanness, and neglect of family religion and government, with the deplorable ignorance and security which certainly ought to be imputed to this as their principal cause. All these are, among us, highly aggravated by the inestimable privi- leges which we have hitherto enjoyed without interruption since the first settle- ment of this country. If, in the present day of distress, we expect that God will hear our supplications, and interpose for our protection or deliverance, let us remember, what he himself requires of us is, that our prayers should be at- tended with a sincere purpose, and thorough endeavour after personal and family reformation. If thou prepare thine heart, and stretch out thine hand towards him, if iniquity be in thine hand, put it far away, and let not wickedness dwell in thy tabernacles. Job xi. 13, 14. '' The Synod cannot help thinking that this is a proper time for pressing all of every rank, seriously to consider the things that belong to their eternal peace . 1775.] NEW YORK AXD PHILADELPHIA. 4G7 Hostilities, long feared, have now taken place ; the sword has been drawn in one province, and the whole continent, with hardly any exception, seem deter- mined to defend their rights by force of arms. If, at the same time, the Brit- ish ministry shall continue to enforce their claims by violence, a lasting and bloody contest must be expected. Surely, then, it becomes those who have taken up arms, and profess a willingness to hazard their lives in the cause of liberty, to be prepared for death, which to many must be certain, and to every one is a possible or probable event. " AVe have long seen with concern, the circumstances which occasioned, and the gradual increase of this unhappy diflference. As ministers of the gospel of peace, we have ardently wished that it could, and often hoped that it would have been more early accommodated. It is well known to you, (otherwise it would be imprudent indeed thus publicly to profess,) that we have not been instrumental in iuHamiug the minds of the people, or urging them to acts of violence and disorder. Perhaps no instance can be given on so interesting a subject, in which political sentiments have been so long and so fully kept from the pulpit, and even malice itself has not charged us with labouring from the press ; but things are now come to such a state, that as we do not wish to conceal our opinions as men and citizens, so the relation we stand in to you seemed to make the present improvement of it to your spiritual bcneiit, an indispensable duty. " Suffer us then to lay hold of your present temper of mind, and to exhort, especially the young and vigorous, by assuring them that there is no soldier so undaunted as the pious man, no army so formidable as those who are superior to the fear of death. There is nothing more awful to think of, than that those whose trade is war should be despisers of the name of the Lord of hosts, and that they should expose themselves to the imminent danger of being immedi- ately sent from cursing and cruelty on the earth, to the blaspheming rage and despairing horror of the infernal pit. Let therefore, every one, who from gene- rosity of spirit, or benevolence of heart, offers himself as a champion in his country's cause, be persuaded to reverence the name, and walk in the fear of the Prince of the kings of the earth, and then he may, with the most unshaken firmness, expect the issue either in victory or death. " Let it not be forgotten, that though for the wise ends of his Providence it may please God, for a season to suffer his people to lie under unmerited oppres- sion, yet in general we may expect, that those who fear and serve him in sin- cerity and truth, will be favoured with his countenance and strength. It is both the character and the privilege of the children of Grod, that they call upon him in the day of trouble, and he, who keepeth covenant and truth for ever, has said, that his ears are always open to their cry. We need not mention to you in how many instances the event in battles, and success in war, have turned upon circumstances which were inconsiderable in themselves, as well as out of the power of human prudence to foresee or direct, because we suppose you firmly believe that after all the counsels of men, and the most probable and promising means, the Lord will do that which seemeth him good ; nor hath his promise ever failed of its full accomplishment ; ' the Lord is with you while ye be with him, and if ye seek him he will be found of you ; but if ye forsake him he will forsake you.' 2 Chrou. xv. 2. " After this exhortation, which we thought ourselves called upon to give you at this time, on your great interest, the one thing needful, we shall take the liberty to offer a few advices to the societies under our charge, as to their public and general conduct; and, *■' First. In carrying on this important struggle, let every opportunity be taken to express your attachment and respect to our sovereign King George, and to the revolution principles by which his august family was seated on the 468 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1775. BritisH throne. We recommend, indeed, not only allegiance to liim from duty and principle, as the first magistrate of the empire, but esteem and reverence for the person of the prince, who has merited well of his subjects on many ac- counts, and who has probably been misled into the late and present measures by those about him ; neither have we any doubt that they themselves have been in a great degree deceived by false information from interested persons resid- ing in America. It gives us the greatest pleasure to say, from our own certain knowledge of all belonging to our communion, and from the best means of in- formation, of the far greatest part of all denominations in this country, that the present opposition to the measures of administration does not in the least ariso from disaffection to the king, or a desire of separation from the parent state. We are happy in being able with truth to affirm, that no part of America would either have approved or permitted such insults as have been offered to the sovereign in Great Britain. We exhort you, therefore, to continue in the same disposition, and not to sniffer oppression, or injury itself, easily to provoke you to any thing which may seem to betray contrary sentiments : let it ever ap- peal', that you only desire the preservation and security of those rights which belong to you as freemen and Britons, and that reconciliation upon these terms is your most ardent desire. " Secondly. Be careful to maintain the union which at present subsists through all the colonies ; nothing can be more manifest than that the success of every measure depends on its being inviolably preserved, and therefore, we hope that you will leave nothing undone which can promote that end. In particular, as the Continental Congress, now sitting at Philadelphia, consists of delegates chosen in the most free and unbiassed manner, by the body of the people, let them not only be treated with respect, and encouraged in their difficult service — not only let your prayers be offered up to God for his direction in their pro- ceedings — but adhere firmly to their resolutions ; and let it be seen that they are able to bring out the whole strength of this vast country to carry them into execution. AVe would also advise for the same purpose, that a spirit of can- dour, charity, and mutual esteem, be preserved and promoted towards those of different religious denominations. Persons of probity and principle of every profession, should be united together as servants of the same master, and the experience of our happy concord hitherto in a state of liberty should engage all to unite in support of the common interest ; for there is no example in history, in which civil liberty was destroyed, and the rights of conscience pre- served entire. "Thirdly. We do earnestly exhort and beseech the societies under our care to be strict and vigilant in their private government, and to watch over the morals of their several members. It is with the utmost pleasure we re- mind you, that the last Continental Congress determined to discourage luxury in living, public diversions, and gaming of all kinds, which have so fotal an influence on the morals of the people. If it is undeniable that universal pro- fligacy makes a nation ripe for Divine judgments, and is the natural means of bringing them to ruin, reformation of manners is of the utmost necessity in our present distress. At the same time, as it has been observed by many emi- nent writers, that the censorial power, which had for its object the manners of the public in the ancient free States, was absolutely necessary to their continu- ance, we cannot help being of opinion that the only thing which we have now to supply the place of this is, the religious discipline of the several sects with respect to their own members; so that the denomination or profession which shall take the most effectual care of the instruction of its members, and main- tain its discipline in the fullest vigour, will do the most essential service to the whole body. For the very same reason, the greatest service which magistrates, or persons in authority, can do, with respect to the religion or morals of the 1775.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 4G9 people, is to defend and secure the rights of conscience in the most equal and impartial manner. " Fourthly. We cannot but recommend, and urge in the warmest manner, a regard to order and the public peace ; and as in many places, during the confu- sions that prevail, legal i)roccedings have become difficult, it is hoped that all persons will conscientiously jiay their just debts, and to the utmost of their power serve one another, so that the evils inseparable from a civil war may not be aug- mented by wantonness and irregularity. " Fifthly. We think it of intportance, at this time, to recommend to all of every rank, but especially to those who may be called to action, a spirit of hu- manity and mercy. Every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood. It is impossible to appeal to the sword without being exposed to many scenes of cruelty and slaughter ; but it is often observed, that civil wars arc carried on with a rancour and spirit of revenge much greater than those between independent States. The injuries received, or supposed, in civil wars, wound more deeply than those of foreign enemies, it is therefore the more necessary to guard against this abuse, and recommend that meekness and gentle- ness of .spirit, which is the noblest attendant on true valour. That man will fight most bravely, who never fights till it is necessary, and who ceases to fight as soon as the necessity is over. " Lastly. We would recommend to all the societies under our care, not to content themselves with attending devoutly on general fasts, but to continue habitually in the exercise of prayer, and to have frequent occasional voluntary meetings for solemn intcrces.sion with God on the important trial. Those who are immediately exposed to danger need your sympathy ; and we learn from the Scriptures, that fervency and importunity are the very characters of that prayer of the righteous man that availeth much. " We conclude with our most earnest prayer, that the God of heaven may bless you in your temporal and spiritual concerns, and that the present unnatural dispute may be speedily terminated by an equitable and lasting settlement on constitutional principles. •' Signed in the name, presence, and by appointment of the Synod. " Benjamin Hait, Moderator. •"New Torh, May lid, 1775." N. B. The stated clerk is to insert the pastoral letter from the printed copy. The Synod agree that five hundred copies of the said pastoral letter be printed; and order the Synodical treasurer to pay the expenses of printing, which is to be by the Synod refunded at their next meeting. Mr. Halsey dissents from that paragraph of said letter which contains the declarations of allegiance. Adjourned to meet at three o'clock, P. M. next Monday. Concluded with prajer. Monday, May 22, three d clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjourn- ment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed to meet with the corporation of the widows' fund, read the report of their conduct in that matter, which is approved. The Synod appoint as a committee for the same purpose, the Rev. Messrs. Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Richards, McWhorter, and Caldwell, to meet to-morrow at twelve o'clock. Mr. Samuel Kennedy, a candidate from Ireland, who appeared before the Synod iu the years 1772, 1773, and last year, again appeared and offered a paper of complaints against the judicature, which, agreeable to order of Synod, 470 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1775. had sat on his trial in June, 1773, and praying the Synod to give him a hearing. The Synod finding that said Mr. Kennedy had obeyed their last year's order, agreed to hear him. Mr. Kennedy having been heard at great length against said judicature, and Mr. Cooper having, as far as time would admit, in the name of the Presbytery, replied to Mr. Kennedy's charges, the Synod agreed to defer the further hearing of this affair till next sederunt. Adjourned to nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. May 23. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Proceeded to hear Mr. Kennedy's complaint against the judicature as men- tioned yesterday. Both parties were fully heard, and the Synod unanimously agreed that Mr. Kennedy had not supported his complaint, and we do there- fore dismiss it as frivolous and groundless. Mr. John Woodhull requested leave of absence, which was granted. Adjourned till three clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'cIocJc, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment Postjareces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Sacket, a member of New York Presbytery, requests to be disannexed from the Presbytery to which he now belongs, and restored to the Presbytery of Dutchess county. His request is granted, and he is accord- ingly to be received and enrolled as a member of the said Presbytery. The Synod proceeded to consider the business of supplies. The Synod order the Synodical treasurer to pay to Mr. Irwin nine pounds nine shillings and three pence, on account of his mission on the western frontiers of Pennsylvania and Virginia ; to Mr. Jones for supplying, one pound five shillings and eight pence ; to Mr. Richards for ditto, three pounds eleven shillings ; to Mr. Hait for ditto, two pounds two shillings ; to Mr. Elmer for ditto, seventeen shillings j to Mr. Kerr for ditto, one pound six shillings. Mr. Ebenezer Brooks is appointed to spend five months in supplying amongst the vacancies in the colony of Virginia, before the next meeting of Synod, under the care of the Hanover Presbytery. Mr. Debow to supply nine months amongst the Carolina vacancies before the next meeting of Synod, under the care of the Presbytery of Orange. Mr. Keith, Mr. Hunter, jun'r., and Mr. Fithian, are appointed each of them to supply three months under the care of the Presbytery of Donegal, and each of them three months under the care of the Presbytery of Hanover, before our next meeting ; and also to spend what time they can in supplying under the care of the Presbytery of Orange. Ordered, That Mr. Sproat, the stated clerk, fui'nish each of the above men- tioned gentlemen with proper certificates for their mission. A supplication from the Presbyterian Congregation in Albany, praying for supplies, and that some members of the Synod may be sent to visit the country to the northward of the city, and that their congregation may be taken from under the care of the Presbytery of Dutchess and put under the care of the Presbytery of New York, was brought in and read ; the said congregation, agreeable to their request, are put under the care of the Presbytery of New Mr, Ichabod Lewis is appointed to spend six Sabbaths in supplying in Al- bany, Charlotte, and Tryon counties, in the province of New York, to set out 1776.] NEW YORK AND PniLADELPHIA. 471 on tliis mission about the middle of Juno next ; Mr. Burnet to supply his pul- pit the fiiurth Sabbath in Juue at the White Plains, Mr. Samuel Sacket the first Sabbath of July at the White Plains, Mr. Mead the second Sabbath of July at the White Plains, Dr. Kodgers the third Sabbath of July at New Eo- chelle, Mr. jMills the fourth Sabbath of July at the White Plains, Mr. Barret the last Sabbath of July at the White Plains. Mr. Miller is ajipointed to supply every fifth Sabbath until our next meeting, at his discretion, in the vacancies in the neighbourhood of Schenectady. Mr. Kerr is appointed to set out about the middle of September on a mis- sion in the above mentioned counties, and spend six Sabbaths in supplying in those parts. Mr. John Close to supply Mr. Kerr's pulpit the last Sabbath of September ; Mr. Amzi Lewis the first Sabbath of October, Mr. Moffat the second, Mr. David Close the third, jMr. Case the fourth, and Mr. Grover the fifth. Adjourned to meet at the fii'st Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, the third Wednesday of May next, at ten o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1776. Philadelphia, May lid, 1776, ten o^cloch, A. 31. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment at the first Presbyterian church. Uhi post p)reces sederunt Present : Of the Presbytery of New York : The Rev. Benjamin Hait and Jedidiah Chapman. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick : The Rev. William Zanchy. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Richard Treat, Jameg Sproat, George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, William Hollingshead, and Na- thaniel Irwin. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. Alison and Dr. Ewing. Of the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Robert Smith, William Forster, John Woodhull, James Wilson, and James Anderson. Of the Presbytery of Donegal : The Rev. John Craighead and Robert Cooper. Elders present : Messrs. Thomas Bourne, Benjamin Snodgrass, and William Davidson. Absent : Of the New York Presbytery : The Rev. Alexander McWhorter, James Caldwell, Aaron Richards, Roe, Jones, Elmer, Greer, Vanarsdale, W^oodruff", and Treat. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. McKnight, Smith, Guild, Reed, Kennedy, Peppard, Hannah, and Lyon. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Greenman, Brainerd, Green, McCalla. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Steel and Si- monton. Of the New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Clark, IMontgomery, and Read. Of the Presbytery of Donegal : The Rev. Messrs. Thompson, Rhea, Hogg, Hunt, Amos Thompson, Long, King, Vance, Black, Dougal, and McFerran. The whole Presbyteries of Lewestown, Hanover, Orange, Dutchess, and Sufi"olk. Mr. Benjamin Hait, moderator for the last year, opened the Synod with a sermon from 1 Timothy i. 12. The Continental Congress having appointed a general fast to be kept on the 17th of this instant, several members from different Presbyteries applied 472 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1776. to the moderator, requesting him to give public notice for the postponing the meeting of Synod until the fourth Wednesday of this month, in order that the ministers might attend with their congregations on said fast day, with which the moderator complied; and accordingly the Synod have now convened, and however, the Synod judge and hereby declare, that the Synodical mode- rator has not authority, either with or without the concurrence of particular members, to alter the time of meeting to which the Synod stands adjourned, yet in the present extraordinary case they approve of what the moderator has done. The time being now elapsed, and few members being present, the choice of a moderator and clerks for the ensuing sessions, is deferred till the after- noon. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'cloclc, P. M. The S^nod met according to adjournment. Post precei sederunt qui supra. Mr. James Finley is now Come, his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained j his elder is Mr. Amos Alexander. The Rev. Messrs. Elder, Rosborough, Latta, and Mitchell, are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. The Synod proceeded to choose a moderator and clerks, accordingly Mr. Cooper was chosen moderator, and Mr. Forster and Mr. Chapman clerks. Dr. Witherspoon and Mr. Carmichael are now come, their reasons for not coming sooner, sustained. Mr. Samuel HoUiday, Mr. Carmichael's elder, and Mr. John Whitehill, Mr. Robert Smith's elder, are now come. Those of the members now present, who did not attend at the last meeting of Synod, gave reasons for their non-attendance, which are sustained. Mr. Rosborough's elder, Mr. John Walker, is now come. New Brunswick Presbytery report, that since our last they have ordained Mr. Diboa to the work of the gospel ministry, who being present took his seat ; and that they have licensed Messrs. John Worford and Hugh White. The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Messrs. Andrew Hunter and Benjamin Chesnutt were removed by death; Mr. Chesnutt the twenty-first day of July, and Mr. Hunter the twenty-eighth day of July, 1775 j and have ordained Mr. Israel Evans and Mr. William Lynn to qualify them to act as chaplains in the army, to which they had been appointed ; and have licensed Mr. James Greer since our last ; Mr. Lynn being present took his seat. Donegal Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. John Roan was removed by death the second day of last October ; and have ordained Mr. John Black and Samuel Dougal to the work of the gospel ministry. They also report that they have received the Rev. Mr. McFarquhar from Scotland, and laid [the credentials upon which they received him before the Synod, with which the Synod being satisfied, Mr. McFarquhar being present, took his seat. New Castle Presbytery report, that they have dismissed Mr. Samuel Stan- hope Smith, to join Hanover Presbytery, and Mr. Ebenezer Brooks, to join Lewestown Presbytery, and Mr. John McMillan, to Donegal Presbytery. Mr. Tennent is now come, and his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained ; his elder, Peter Firmin, is also come. Mr. Halsey is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained. Messrs. Benjamin Hait, Schanck, Mitchell, Finley, Woodhull, McFarqu- har, and Craighead, with elders, Messrs. William Davidson, John Whitehill, and John Walker, are appointed a committee of overtures, to meet in this 1776.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 473 place to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, and by adjournments from time to time. The minutes of the last Convention were brought in and read. The Synod considering the distracted situation of our public affairs, judge that an attendance on the Convention by any of their members the ensuing appointment will be impracticable, and order Dr. llodgers to inform the Gene- ral Association as early as possible thereof, together with their design of send- ing members to attend at the place appointed, on the third Wednesday of Sep- tember, 1777. The Synod appoint Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Witherspoon, and Messrs. "William Tennent, John Guild,, Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Richard Treat, Israel Rpad, Alexander MeWhorter, and Azel Roe, to be a committee, any three of whom to be a quorum, to meet at Princeton, the third Wednesday in August, to dispose of the sum appropriated to the education of pious youth, for the pre- sent year; and also to inquire into the state of the three hundred pounds hitherto appropriated to the Indian mission, and report to the Synod at their next meeting. The Synod agree to allow Mr. Brainerd the ftitcrest of the tbreo hundred pounds in the hands of the College of New Jersey for the Indian mission, the ensuing year. Ordered, That the several Presbyteries present, give in a list of their absent members to-morrow morning. Mr. Patrick Alison, and Mr. jMcPherrin, are appointed a committee to ex- amine the New York Presbytery book. Dr. Witherspoon requested leave to go home, which request is granted. Adjourned till to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. Nine o'cloch, A. 31. The Synod met accwding to adjournment Postprecea sederunt qui supra. (Except Dr. Witherspoon, who had leave of absence.) The Synod have no account whether Mr. Brooks fulfilled his appointment of the last year. Messrs. Debow, Keith, Hunter, Fithian, Ichabod Lewis, Nathan Kerr, and Alexander Miller, fulfilled their missions as appointed at our last. Ordered, That the minutes of the committee of overtures be brought in and read. The Synod proceeded to take in supplications for supplies. A supplication of the Presbyterian Society of Buffalo, Warrior's Run, and Penn's Valley, was brought in and read. Application was made by Mr. Debow, in behalf of North Carolina, for sup- plies. Application was made by the moderator, in behalf of the vacancies in the western parts of this province. The Synod made inquiry of their missionaries, Messrs. Keith and Hunter, respecting the support they received during their mission, and find that Mr. Keith received for the term of one year, the sum of forty-two pounds; Mr. Hunter, for eight months, the sum of nineteen pounds ten' shillings. The Synod not being able now to ascertain the state of their fund for the supply of missionaries, leave the further consideration of this matter until the afternoon. The Synod proceeded to appoint supplies. The fu-st Philadelphia Presbytery applied to the Synod for their concurrence to ordain Mr. Keith, a licensed candidate under their care, si7ie titulo, in case of his going out to sujjply at Canetuck, to which the Synod agreed, if they find their way clear to proceed to his ordination. 60 474 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1776. The Synod received the Kev. Mr. Hugh McGill, as a member of the second Presbytery of Philadelphia. The Synod appoint Mr. McGill to supply in the western parts of this pro- vince for the space of eight months, between this time and our next meeting, under the direction of the Donegal Presbytery. 't The Synod also appoint Mr. Hugh White, a candidate under the care of New Brunswick Presbytery, to supply four months within the bounds of Done- gal Presbytery, at their direction, and the remaining part of his time, until our next, in the southern provinces. The Synod also appoint Mr. Carmichael to supply the two months of Octo- ber and November, in the northern and western parts of this province. Ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle supply his place four Sabbaths during his absence. Whereas the Synod cannot, at this time, make sufficient provision for the vacancies under their care, th^ recommend it to the first Philadelphia Pres- bytery, and Presbytery of New Castle, as they have a number of candidates under their care, to afford what supplies they can until our next, to the western and southern parts. Ordered, That the missionaries be furnished with proper testimonials by the stated Synodical clerk. The Presbytery of New Castle applied to the Synod for their concurrence in > case their way should appear clear, to ordain Mr. Power, a licensed candidate under their care, as he purposes to remove to the western parts of this province. The Synod agree to grant the request. The Synod appoint as a commission for the present year, the Rev. Messrs. Eichard Treat, John Miller, Matthew Wilson, John King, Joseph Montgo- mery, David Caldwell, John Todd, James Finley, William Forster, G-eorge Duf- field, Dr. Alison, Patrick Alison, William Tennent, Dr. Witherspoon, Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Alexander McWhorter, Azariah Horton, Dr. Rod- gers, James Caldwell, David Roe, Wheeler Case, James Sproat, John Simon- ton, John Brainerd, Israel Read, Dr. Ewing, and Thomas Lewis, with the moderator ; and elders, Messrs. Thomas Bourne, John Whitehill, Amos Alex- ander, Benjamin Snodgrass, John Walker, James Ewing, Samuel Holliday, William Davidson, and Anthony Tate, twenty of whom shall be a quorum, and in case of the death of the moderator, the first on the above list shall be mode- rator, and shall call the commission if necessary. Adjourned till three o'clock. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M. The Synod met accordwg to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Alexander Miller informed the Synod that he had supplied for eight Sabbaths in the neighbourhood of Schenectady, for which he received the sum of two pounds nine shillings and four pence, and further proposes, if any moderate compensation should be allowed from the Synod's fund, he would still continue to spend a fourth part of his time in those places. The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Halsey and Latta a committee, to ad- just and lay before them, against to-morrow morning, the sums to be allowed the several missionaries appointed at our last. An appeal was brought in by Mr. Bay, from a judgment of the Presbytery of New York, of June the 20th, 1775, by which the pastoral relation between him and his congregation was dissolved, and was read. After having fully heard all parties, the Synod defer the consideration thereof till to-morrow. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 1776.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 475 Nine o'doch, A. M. the Synod met according to adjournment. Post preccs sederunt qui supra. The Synod resumed the consideration of Mr. Bay's affivir, and after some time spent thereon, agreed to defer the final determination of it till next sederunt. Messrs. Spencer, Carmichael, and Forster, have leave of absence. Adjourned till ten o'clock, Monday morning. Concluded with prayer. May 27th, ten o'cIocJc, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The New Castle Presbytery applied for the opinion of Synod concerning a marriage, the cii'cumstances whereof were particularly related, whether it was to be held incestuous or not, and the Synod resolved that it was not inces- tuous. The Synod renewed the consideration of Mr. Bay's appeal, and after mature deliberation, confirmed that part of the Presbytery's judgment which dissolves the union between Mr. Bay and his congregation ; and with respect to the latter part of said judgment, the Synod are of opinion that it would have been proper to have recommended to the parties, to leave the settlement of all matters re- specting the glebe and its appurtenances, to arbitrators mutually chosen; and they further advise, that if any disagreement should hereafter arise between Mr. Bay and the congregation of Newtown, respecting said glebe and appurte- nances, that they decide them in the same way. Adjourned till five o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Five o'clock, P. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. But as a sufficient number to do business did not attend, it was thought proper to adjourn till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. May 2Sih, nine o'clock, A. M. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The decision of the Synod on Mr. Bay's appeal was read, both parties being present. Dr. Rodgers in the behalf of the Presbytery of New York, requested an at- tested copy of the above judgment, which is granted, and the clerk is ordered to give it. Mr. Bay, in a solemn manner, declared his declining the jurisdiction of this Synod for the future, and against having any further connection with it. The reference from the Presbytery of New Castle, respecting the propriety of admitting young men upon trials for the ministry without their having ob- tained a college diploma, was taken into consideration, in answer to which the Synod observe, that the superior advantages attending an education in public seminaries, render it highly expedient to encourage the young men to finish their academical studies in such institutions as means of securing a learned ministry ; and Presbyteries are ordered to promote this end by warmly recom- mending it to those who have the ministry in view. Yet as Presbyteries are the proper judges to determine concerning the literary and other requisite qua- lifications for the ministerial office, it is not intended to preclude from admission to trial, those who have not had the opportunity of obtaining public testimo- nials or degrees from public seminaries. 476 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1777 The report of the committee appointed last year to meet with the corpora- tion of the widows' fund, and dispose of the money in their hands, not yet brought in. The Synod appoint for the same purpose this year, the Rev. Messrs. Richard Treat, Dr. Rodgers, Halsey, Patrick Alison, and Duffield, to meet with the corporation as soon as convenient. The committee appointed to receive an account of the sums received by the missionaries appointed by the Synod, and consider what additional sums may be allowed to any of them, recommend that Messrs. Hunter and Fithian be allowed each of them ten pounds in addition to what they received in their mission, which the Synod approve of, and direct to the stated clerk to furnish them, when required, with an order on the Synodical treasurer for that sum. A letter from the Presbytery of Orange was brought in and read, informing that they have since last Synod licensed Messrs. Robert Archibald, Thomas Harris McCalla, and James Hall, to preach the gospel, and request the Synod to send as many supplies as tfcey can to' the relief of the numerous vacancies in those parts. The committee formerly appointed at Philadelphia for the purpose of buying and distributing among the frontier inhabitants, books of practical religion, re- port that they have executed the trust committed to them. The committee appointed to review the New York Presbytery book make no report. The committee appointed to review the first Philadelphia and Donegal Pres- bytery books, brought in those books approved, except a few omissions in transcribing. Adjourned to the third Wednesday of next May, to meet at ten o'clock, A. M. at the Second Presbyterian church in this city. Concluded with prayer. 1777* F7iiladel^)7iia, May 21s^, 1777. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met at the Second Presbyterian church according to adjournment. Ubi jwst preces sederunt Present : From the Presbytery of New York : Rev. Dr. Alexander Mc- Whorter, Messrs. James Caldwell, Jacob Vanarsdalen. From the Presbytery of New Brunswick : Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, Mr. Elihu Spencer. From the first Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Dr. Richard Treat, Messrs. James Sproat, John Brainerd, Alexander Mitchell, Nathaniel Irwin, Daniel McCalla. From the second Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Dr. Francis Alison, Dr. John Ewing, Mr. Robert McMordie. From the Presbytery of New Castle : Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, Joseph Montgomery, John Carmichael, James Anderson, Thomas Read, Joseph Smith, Robert Davidson, From the Presbytery of Donegal : The Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper, Collin McFarquhar, James Martin. From the Presbytery of Lewestown : Rev. Mr. Ebenezer Brooks. From the Presbytery of Hanover : Rev. Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith. Absent : Of the Presbytery of New York : Rev. Dr. Rodgers, Dr. Knox, Messrs. Jones, Green, Horton, Ilait, Woodrufi^, Thomas Lewis, Treat, Elmer, Richards, Brush, Roe, Chapman, Kerr, Close, Woodhull, Miller, Burnet, Grover, Bradford, Amzi Lewis, and Moffat. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick : Rev. Messrs. McKnight, Thomas 1777.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA, 477 Smith, Schenck, Guild, Israel Reed, Kennedy, Halsey, Peppard, Prudden, Lyon, Debow, Worford, and Gurley. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. Greenmau, Duffield, Boyd, "Watt, Hollingshcad, Keith, and Evans. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. John Steel, Elder, Simonton, Patrick Alison, and McGill. Of the Presbytery of New Castle : Rev. Messrs. McDowell, Finley, McKen- nan, Latta, Clark, Forster, McCreary, John Woodhull, James Wilson, and Joseph Smith. Of the Presbytery of Donegal : Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, Hunt, Hogg, Amos Thompson, Rhea, Slemmons, Craighead, King, Lang, Vance, McFcrran, Black, Dougal, Linn, McMillan, McKnight. The whole Presbyteries of Suifolk, Hanover (except the Rev. Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith), Orange, and Dutchess. The whole Presbytery of Lewes, except Mr. Brooks, ut siq:>ra. Elders present : The Hon. Peartree Smith, Esq., Messrs. James Thomson, William Faulconer, William Ramsey. Mr. Robert Cooper, moderator for the last year, opened the Synod with a sermon from John v. 85. Mr. John Carmichael was chosen moderator, and Dr. Ewing and Mr. McCalla, clerks. First Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. Enoch Green is re- moved by death since our last, likewise Mr. Philip Fithian, a licensed candidate ; and that they have ordained Mr. Robert Keith, to qualify him to act as a chap- lain in the army, to which he had been appointed. New Castle Presbytery report, that they have ordained Mr. James Power to the work of the gospel ministry ; and licensed Messrs. William Smith, James Armstrong, and George Lucky, to preach the gospel. Donegal Presbytery report, that they have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, Messrs. John McMillan and John McKnight ; and licensed to preach, Messrs. David Bard, Samuel Waugh, and John Linn. New Brunswick Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. William Tennent de- parted this life March 8th, 1777 ; and that the Rev. Mr. John Rosborough was barbarously murdered by the enemy at Trenton on January second ; they fur- ther report, that they have ordained to the work of the sacred ministry, Mr. John Worford ; and licensed to preach the gospel, Mr. John Zelyne. New York Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. Azariah Horton was removed by death since our last Synod. Messrs. Robert Smith, Spencer, McFarquhar, with Mr. James Thomson, elder, are appointed a committee of overtures, to meet in this place to-morrow at eight o'clock, A. M., and by adjournments afterward, as occasion may require. The Synod are of opinion that they cannot send any members to meet the general convention on the third Wednesday of September next, and order Mr. Sproat to give notice thereof to the General Association of Connecticut, and that the Synod will cheerfully appoint members to attend said convention when- ever the situation of public affairs will admit of it. The Synod appoint as a commission for the present year, the Rev. Dr. Richard Treat, Messrs. John Miller, Matthew Wilson, Dr. John Ewing, Jo- seph Montgomery, David Caldwell, John Todd, James Finley, William Foster, George Dufiield, Dr. Francis Alison, Patrick Alison, Dr. John Witherspoon, Elihu Spencer, Jeremiah Halsey, Dr. Alexander McWhorter, Dr. John llodgers, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Wheeler Case, James Sproat, John Simonton, John Brainerd, Israel Reed, and Thomas Lewis, with the moderator; and elders, James Thompson and William Faulconer, thirteen of whom shall be a quorum ; 478 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1777. and in case of the death of the moderator, the first on the above list shall be moderator, and shall call the commission, if necessary. Ordered, That the Presbytery of New Castle bring their minutes respecting the case of a marriage referred by them to the last session of Synod, and entered on the Synod's minutes, page 475, at the next meeting of Synod, that they may- be enabled to explain or correct the decision then given by them. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 22 c? day, nine o'doch, A. 31. TJie Si/nod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. (Together with the Rev. Messrs. John Brainerd, Joseph Smith, and Alex- ander Mitchel, whose reasons for not attending at the opening of Synod, are sustained.) The E,ev. Messrs. Dr. McWhorter, Nathaniel Irwin, James Caldwell, and Robert Davidson, are now com*8, their reasons for not attending sooner, deemed sufficient. Mr. Irwin's elder, Mr. William Ramsay ; Mr. Caldwell's elder, the Hon. Peartree Smith, Esquire. The Rev. Mr. James Martin, a member of the Associate Presbytery of Penn-- sylvania, appeared before us, and signified his desire to converse with the Synod, with a view to his being received as a member of our body ; and the Synod having conversed with him, and heard at considerable length his sentiments on the doctrines of the gospel, and terms of Christian and ministerial communion, and having had sufficient testimonials of his moral character, and his good standing in the ministry, in the church of which he has been a member, do unanimously agree to receive him as a member of this body, and appoint him a member of the Presbytery of Donegal. Dr. McWhorter, Messrs. Montgomery, Spencer, James Caldwell, and Thomas Read, three of whom to be a quorum, are appointed the Synod's committee, to meet the corporation for the widows' fund, to dispose of the money in the hands of said corporation for charitable uses, said committee to meet to-morrow morn- ing, at six o'clock, at this place. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Eodem die, three d'cloch, P. M. The Si/nod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui sxipra. The Synod taking into consideration the low and declining state of religion among us, and the abounding of iniquity, for which an holy and jealous God yet continues to visit our country with his righteous judgments, appoint the second Thursday of June, to be observed by the churches under their care, as a day of public humiliation, fasting, and prayer. And the Synod earnestly recommend it to them, to improve a part of the last Thursday in every month for public or social prayer, as their circumstances may allow. A petition from the second congregation of Wilmington, in conjunction with Braudywine congregation, was brought before the Synod through the hands of the committee of overtures, requesting the Synod to review a judgment of theirs in the year 1774, respecting the said second congregation. But as the parties are not present the Synod judge that they cannot, at present, enter into the consideration of it, but order it to be laid before the Presbytery of New Castle, who are desired by this Synod to notify the parties to attend, and to issue the whole afiair, any thing in the minute of the Synod to the contrary notwithstanding. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 1778.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 479 2dd day, nine o'clock, A. M. tlie Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Synod appoint the interest of three hundred pounds in the hands of the corporatiuu of the College of New Jersey, for an Indian mission, to be given to Mr. Braiuerd for his last year's .services. The Synod do agree to take the three hundred pounds appointed for an In- dian mission, out of the hands of the corporation of the College of New Jersey, and put it into the hands of Dr. Ewing as their treasurer, who is to put it into the continental loan ofl&ce, and manage the same. Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith is now come, and his reasons for not attending sooner are sustained. A petition from the congregation of Deep Run, in Bucks county, request- ing that they may be set off from the second Presbytery, and put under the care of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, was brought before the Synod through the hands of the committee of overtures, and read. The Synod hav- ing conversed upon it, do grant the prayer of the said petition, and the first Philadelphia Presbytery is ordered to take the care of that congregation for the future. By the committee of overtures, a supplication from the congregation of Allen- town, in the forks of Delaware, requesting that they may be set off from the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and put under the care of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, to whom they formerly belonged, was brought in and read. The Presbytery of New Brunswick freely concurring, the Synod grant the sup- plicants' request, and the fii-st Philadelphia Presbytery is ordered to take said congregation under their care. A supplication from a society of Highland Scots, at Southerland, was brought in by the committee of overtures, and read, requesting that the Synod would supply them with books, and appoint Mr. McFarquhar to preach and administer gospel ordinances amongst them. This Synod taking their request into consideration, do order a collection of books to be made throughout their Presbyteries for those people, and appoint Mr. McFarquhar to supply them some time, and administer gospel ordinances as he sees proper ; and also to supply the adjacent vacant congregations, in Northumberland, four Sabbaths ; and tiaey order the Presbytery of Donegal to supply Mr. McFarquhar' s pulpit in the mean time. Dr. Witherspoon reports that there is a balance of £58 6s. 9id., in his hands, due to the Synod. ]Mr. Ebenezer Brooks is now come, and his reasons for non-attendance sooner, are sustained. Adjourned to meet at Philadelphia the third Wednesday in May next, at ten o'clock, A. M., at the First Presbyterian Church. Concluded with prayer. 1778. Bedminster, May 20th, 1778. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met at Bedminster, in Somerset county. New Jersey, in consequence of an advertisement in the newspapers by the moderator, agreeably to the advice of a number of the members, it not being practicable to meet in Philadelphia according to the adjournment of last year, as that city is now in the possession of the enemy. Ubi post preces sederunt Of New York Presbytery : The Eev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, Dr. Alexander McWhorter, and Jacob Vanarsdalen. 480 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1778. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Elihu Spencer, Israel Read, Samuel Kennedy, Francis Peppard, and Jeremiah Halsey. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Mr. James Boyd. Of the New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Mr. John Carmichael. Elders : Messrs. Jehu Adams, Philip Coudit, and William Annan. Absent : Of New York Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Dr. John Rodgers, Dr. Hugh Knox, Joseph Treat, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Benjamin Hait^ Jonathan Elmer, Benjamin Woodruff, Aaron Richards, Jacob Green, Jedidiah Chapman, Joseph Grover, Simon Horton, William Woodhull, Nathan Kerr, Lewis, John Moffat, Andrew King, John Close, Abner Brush, Mathias Burnet, Alexander Miller, and Ebenezer Bradford. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, and the Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Thomas Smith, William Schenck, John Hanna, John Warford, and James Lyon. Of the first Presbytery of Philadelphia : The Rev. Dr. Richard Treat, and the Rev. Messrs. James Sproat, John Brainerd, Nehemiah Greenman, James Watt, William Hollingshead, George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, Nathaniel Irvine, Daniel McCalla, Robert Keith, and Israel Evans. Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, Ro- bert Smith, Joseph Smith, Thomas Smith, William Foster, John Woodhull, James Latta, John Clark, John McCreary, William McKennan, James Fin- ley, James Wilson, Joseph Montgomery, Thomas Reed, and James Anderson. And the whole of the Presbyteries of Dutchess, Suffolk, the second Phila- delphia, Lewistown, Donegal, Hanover, and Orange. The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. John Carmichael, moderator last year, by a sermon on John iii. 30, first clause. The Rev. Mr. Jones was chosen moderator, and the Rev. Mr. Halsey clerk. Neither the Synod book nor the minutes of last year being present, the Sy- nod agreed to proceed on such business as may now come before them. ^ The Presbytery of New York report, that the Rev. Thomas Lewis is deceased since our last; and that they have ordained to the work of the ministry, the Rev. Mr. Thaddeus Dod, sine titulo, in consequence of liberty obtained from the Synod for that purpose. New Castle Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. George Luckie to preach the gospel, and ordained the Rev. Mr. James Armstrong to the work of the ministry, sine titulo. As the New Castle Presbytery book is not present, the consideration of the propriety of Mr. Armstrong's ordination is deferred till next Synod. New Brunswick Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr, Charles McKnight de- parted this life last January ; and that they have licensed Mr. George Faitout to preach the gospel. The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that they have licensed Mr. Hugh Montgomery Brackenridge to preach the gospel. The reasons assigned by Messrs. Jones, Read, and Halsey, for their ab- sence from last Synod, and by Messrs. Kennedy and Peppard for their absence from Synod for several years, were sustained. As none of the Presbytery books, except that of New Brunswick, are pre- sent, the examination of that book is deferred till next Synod. The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Van Arsdalen, Peppard, Boyd, and Carmichael, with Messrs. Adams and Annan, a committee of bills and over- tures, to meet here to-morrow morning, at eight o'clock. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 1778.] NEW TORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 481 21st day, nine, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Synod appoint as a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Dr. McWhorter, the Ivov. Messrs. James Caldwell, Azel Hoe, Elihu Spencer, Israel Read, Jeremiah llalsey. Dr. Richard Treat, James Sproat, James Boyd, Dr. Alison, Alexander McDowell, Robert Smith, William Forster, John Carmi- chael, Robert Cowper, John Craighead, and Thomas McFerrin, with the mode- rator; and Messrs. John Adams, William Annin, and Philip Condict, elders, thirteen of whom to be a quorum. The commission to be convened by the moderator, (as occasion may recjuire,) who is also to preside ; and in case of his death or disability, the first surviving member on the roll to call the meeting ; and the first on the roll of the members, when met, to preside. Mr. Warford is now come, his reasons for non-attendance last year, and not sooner now, sustained. Mr. Warford informs the Synod, that a certain David Allen, some time ago deceased, in the Forks of Delaware, did, as he has been informed, bequeath a considerable sum to the Synod, for the education of poor and pious youth for the ministry. Mr. Warford is ordered to inquire into this affair, and to receive the money, if to be had, and make report to next Synod. The committee appointed last year to dispose of the interest of the charita- ble fund in the hand of the trustees of the college of New Jersey, for the edu- cation of poor and pious youth for the ministry, report, that they met accord- ing to appointment, but as no objects offered, no distribution was made of any part of it. The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Read, Halsey, Caldwell, and Dr. McWhorter, a committee to meet at Princeton, the last Wednesday of next September, to dispose of the interest of said fund. The committee appointed last year to dispose of the interest of the money belonging to the Synod, in the hand of the corporation for the widows' fund, report, that they met as appointed, and made disposition. The appointment of a committee to dispose of the interest of the above money for the past yeai-, was deferred till the meeting of next Synod. The committee of bills and overtures report, that they have no business to lay before the Synod. The Synod, taking into their most serious consideration, that the lamentable decay of vital piety, for which we have had so much reason to mourn for sev- eral years past, still continues ; that gross immoralities are increasing to an awful degree ; and that the calamities of war are yet permitted to afilict our land, do therefore agree to renew the recommendation of last Synod to all our congregations, to spend the last Thursday of every month, or a part of it, in fervent prayer to God, that he would be pleased to pour out his Spirit on the inhabitants of our land, and prepare us for deliverance from the ehastenings he hath righteously inflicted upon us for our sins ; that he would graciously smile on our arms, and those of our illusti-ious ally, by land and sea ; and grant a speedy and happy conclusion to the present war. And it is earnestly recom- mended to the several Presbyteries, to take care that this recommendation be complied with. And the clerk is ordered to transmit a copy of this minute to the moderator of every Presbytery, to be communicated. The Synod taking into their consideration the non-attendance of many of our members upon Synodical sessions for some years past, and especially the present, are sincerely affected therewith, as it appears to them there is a crimi- nal neglect in this matter, a forgetfulness of their ordination obligation, and a want of that public spirit and benevolent care of the church with which min- isters of the gospel ought ever to be filled ; and do therefore order the several Presbyteries belonging to this body to be reminded of their negligence herein, 61 482 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1779. and to endeavour to influence tbem to a more punctual discharge of this im- portant duty of attending the meetings of the judicatures of the church. Ordered, that the clerk transmit a copy of this minute to the moderator of each Presbytery, to be by him laid before them. Adjourned to meet at Philadelphia, on the third Wednesday of next May, at 10 o'clock, A. M. — but if that place be in the enemy's hand, then to meet here. Concluded with prayer. 1779. Philadelphia, May l^ih, 1779. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment. Vhi post preces sederunt Of the New York Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones and Joseph Treat. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. John Brainerd, James Sproat, George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, and Nathaniel Irwin. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Drs. Francis Alison and John Ewing. Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, Robert Smith, John Carmichael, William Foster, James Anderson, John McCreary. Thomas Read, John WoodhuU, and Robert Davidson. Of Hanover Presbytery : The Rev. Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith. Elders : Messrs. Jonas Phillips, Gunning Bedford, Lewis Grant, Richard Walker, Arthur Park, William Harris, David Forman. Absent : Of the New York Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Jacob Green, Dr. John Rodgers, Dr. Alexander McWhorter, Benjamin Hait, Benjamin Wood- ruff, James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Aaron Richards, Nathan Kerr, Samuel Sacket, John Moffat, John Close, Joseph Grover, Dr. Hugh Knox, Jonathan Elmer, Abner Brush, and William Woodhull. Of the New Brunswick Presbytery : The whole, except the Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Nehemiah Green- man, James Watt, James Boyd, William HoUinshead, Daniel McCalla, Israel Evans, Andrew Hunter, and Robert Keith. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. John Steel, John Elder, John Simonton, Robert McMordie, and Patrick Alison. The whole of Lewestown Presbytery. Of the New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. James Latta, John Clark, William McKennan, James Finley, Thomas Smith, Joseph Montgomery, James Wilson, Joseph Smith, James Power, Samuel Eakin, and James Arm- strong. Absent, the whole of Donegal Presbytery. The whole of Hanover Pres- bytery, except the Rev. Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith. The whole of Orange Presbytery. The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. Jones, the last year's moderator, with a sermon on Rom. xiii. 14. The Rev. Dr. Ewing chosen moderator, and the Rev. Mr. Duffield, clerk. Messrs. McDowell, Jones, Treat, and Duffield, their reasons for absence from the Synod in 1777, sustained. Ordered, That all the Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow morning. Messrs. Mitchell, Treat, and McCreary, with Messrs. Grant and Park, elders, 1779.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 483 are appointed a committee of overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning, at eight o'clock, and afterwards by adjournment, as occasion may require. The Synod appoint as a commission for the ensuing year, the Eev. Dr. Mc- Whorter, Messrs. James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Elihu Spencer, Israel Read, Jere- miah Halsey, James Sproat, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, John Simonton, Alexander McDowell, Robert Smith, William Foster, John Carmicbael, Robert Cooper, John Craighead, and Thomas McFerrin, with the moderator, and the following elders, viz. Messrs. Gunning Bedford, Lewis Grant, Richard Walker, and William Harris ; thirteen of whom to be a quorum, and that the moderator convene the commission as occasion may require, and preside in the meeting ; or, in case of his death or disability, that the first surviving member on the roll call the meeting, and the first on the roll of the members convened to preside. The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Read, Brainerd, Foster, and Woodhull, a committee to dispose of the money in the hands of the corporation for the widows' fund. The Synod taking into consideration the great and increasing decay of vital piety, the degeneracy of manners, want of public spirit, and prevalence of vice and immorality that obtains throughout our land, and that the righteous God, by continuing still to afflict us with the sore calamity of a cruel and barbarous war, is loudly calling the inhabitants to repentance and reformation, and as a means thereto, to deep humiliation, frequent and fervent prayer, do therefore appoint Thursday, the 17th day of August next, to be observed by all under our care, as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer ; and do also renew the recommendation of former Synods to all their congregations, to spend a part of the last Thursday in every month, in social prayer, as their circumstances may admit. Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 20th dai/, nine o'clock, A. 31. 3Iet according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui stipra. The Rev. Mr. James Wilson, of New Castle Presbytery, is now come. The first Philadelphia Presbytery report, that since the meeting of Synod, 1777, they have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, 3Ir. James Grier, and Mr. Andrew Hunter; and licensed Mr. Isaac Keith, and Mr. Hugh Brack- enridge, to preach the gospel ; the latter of whom has since resigned his license, which the Presbytery accepted. And the Rev. Dr. Richard Treat departed this life the 20th of last November. New Castle Presbytery report, that since the meeting of Synod, 1777, they have licensed Messrs. JMatthew Tate, Nathaniel Semple, and John Finley, to preach the gospel; and dismissed the Rev. Mr. Woodhull, in order to his join- ing the Presbytery of New Brunswick, where he had accepted a call. Mr. Carmichael's elder, Mr. Samuel Holliday, is now come. Dr. Witherspoon informs the Synod that he has lately received a legacy, left by the Rev. Mr. Diodati Johnson, of New England, to be deposited with this Synod for their disposal, and that there is now in his hand three hundred and thirty-two pounds, twelve shillings, belonging to the Synod. The Synod appoint the interest now due on the three hundred pounds in the hand of the corporation of the New Jersey College, for an Indian mission, to be given to Mr. Brainerd, for his services among the Indians. The Synod appoint Dr. Ewing to apply to the corporation of the College of New Jersey for the three hundred pounds belonging to this Synod, in their hand, to dispose of it as directed by Synod the year before last. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 484 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1779 The Synod met at three ddoch, P. M. Postjpreces sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed to dispose of the money in the hand of the corpora- tion for the widows' fund report, that they have disposed of the same, and their minutes being produced and read, the Synod approve of the disposition they have made. A reference from the Presbytery of New Castle was brought in by the com- mittee of overtures, respecting a certain Anthony Duchane, who had married the sister of his former wife, and praying the advice of Synod, whether the said Duchane may be admitted to enjoy church privileges in his present situa- tion, or what ought to be done in such case. The Synod proceeded to consider the above case, and after debating to a con- siderable length, agreed to defer it to the meeting of Synod next year. The Rev. Mr. James Caldwell is now come ; his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. v Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 21st day, A. M. Met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Eakin is now come ; his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. The minutes of last Synod being now brought in, ordered, that they be read. By the report now made by the New Castle Presbytery, it appears that there was a mistake in the report of last year, respecting Mr. Armstrong's ordina- tion ; that he was not ordained, sine titulo, but in consequence of his having accepted a chaplaincy in the army. The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Read, Halsey, Caldwell, and Dr. McWhorter, a committee to meet at Princeton, the last Wednesday of next September, to dispose of the interest of the charitable fund in the hand of the trustees of the College of New Jersey for the education of poor and pious youth for the work of the gospel ministry. An application by a member of Hanover Presbytery praying that some missionaries might be sent into the state of Virginia to preach the gospel, and especially that a few ministers of genius, prudence, and address, might spend some considerable time in attempting to form that people into regular congre- gations, under the discipline and government of the Presbyterian church, and to settle among them, and undertake the education of their youth, representing that there appears at present in many parts of that state, a very favourable dis- position towards religion in general, and towards the Presbyterian church in particular ; that it is greatly for the interest of the church to pay a particular attention to the southern and western parts of this continent ; that congrega- tions which may be formed there will be permanent and fixed, whereas the continual migration of the inhabitants of our interior congregations, diminish their importance and threaten their dissolution ; that it is not desirable, nor to be expected, that that extensive country should continue long without some form of religion ; that this Synod has now an opportunity of promoting the interest of religion extensively, which in a few years may be utterly lost by the prevalency and pre-occupying of many ignorant and irreligious sectaries ; the Synod do, therefore, earnestly recommend it to all their Presbyteries to turn their attention to this object, as peculiarly interesting and important ; and if it is by any means possible, to furnish some missions to the state of Virginia, and such especially as shall endeavour to form congregations, and to effect a settlement among them, having respect to the popular talents as well as 1780.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPniA. 485 piety of such missionaries, and to their capacity for directing the education of youth. The Synod being iuformed that the Eev. Mr. Josiah Lewis, who was annexed to the Lewestown Presbytery by the Synod at their meeting, 1773, has never yet attended at any of the meetings of that Presbytery, but removed to a distant part; and as some reports have arisen to the disadvantage of his moral cha- racter, the Synod do hereby order the Lewestown Presbytery to take cogni- zance of Mr. Lewis in the premises, and make report at the nest meeting of Synod. Ordered, That the Rev. Mr. Thomas Read furnish the Presbytery of Lewes- town with a copy of this minute. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of next May, at ten o'clock, A. M. at the First Presbyterian church in this city. Concluded with prayer. 17S0. Philadelphia, May 17th, 1780. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, at the First Presbyterian church. Ubi ptost preces sederunt Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Elihu Spencer and John Woodhull. Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. James Sproat, John Brainerd, George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, William Schenck, and Nathaniel Irwin. Of the Second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Ewing and the Rev. Mr. Robert Davidson. Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. John Carmichael, John Mc- Creary, Thomas Read, and Samuel Eakin. Of Lewestown Presbytery : The Rev. Mr. John Miller. Elders : Capt. Thomas Bourn, Messrs. Robert Porter, Lewis Grant, and Dr. Isaac Harris. Absent : Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, Messrs. John Guild, Israel Reed, Samuel Kennedy, John Hannah, Thomas Smith, Francis Peppard, Philip Stockton, John Warford, Jeremiah Halsey. Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. James Watt, James Grier, William HoUingshead, Daniel McCalla, Andrew Hunter, Israel Evans. Of the Second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. John Elder, Ro- bert McMordie, John Simonton, and Patrick Alison. Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, Wil- liam McKennan, William Forster, Thomas Smith, Joseph Smith, John Clark, Joseph Montgomery, James Power, James Armstrong. Of Lewestown Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, Jacob Kerr, Alexander Huston, John Rankin, Samuel McMasters. All the members of New York, Dutchess, Suffolk, and Donegal Presby- teries. The whole of Hanover Presbytery being absent, the Rev. Samuel Stanhope Smith, late a member of that Presbytery, informed the Synod of their names, viz. : the Rev. Messrs. John Todd, John Brown, Richard Zanchy, Charles Cummings, James Waddel, David Price, Caleb Wallace, W^illiam Irwin, John B. Smith, Archibald Scott, Samuel Doak, Edward Crawford. Licensed candi- dates of said Presbytery : Messrs. William Wilson, Benjamin Irwin, James Crawford, Terah Templin. 486 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1780. Orange Presbytery absent : The Rev. Dr. McWhorter, Henry Patillo, Hugh McCaden, James Campbell, David Caldwell, James Frazier, James McCorkel, Joseph Alexander, Thomas Reese, John Sympson, R. Archibold, Thomas Mc- Call, Harris, Hall, Edmund, Thomas Craighead, James Templeton, Corson. Candidates : Donnel, McEwen, Leak, Barr, Thacher. The Synod was opened by tiie Rev. Dr. Ewing, last year's moderator, with a sermon on 1 Cor. iv. 2. The Rev. Mr. Miller chosen moderator, and the Rev. Mr. Mitchell, clerk. The Rev. Mr. Robert Keith is now come. The Rev. John Debow is now come. Messrs. Spencer, Keith, Miller, Eakin, and Debow, who were absent from our last, gave their reasons for absence, which were sustained. The Rev. Mr. James Anderson is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, are sustained. Ordered, That the Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow morning, and a list of absent members. Messrs. WoodhuU, Irwin, and Read, together with Porter and Grant, are ap- pointed a committee of overtures, to meet to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and afterwards by adjournments, as occasion may require. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Blair being present, but not having united himself to any Presbytery, being invited, sat as a correspondent. The Synod appoint as a commission for the ensuing year, the Rev. Dr. Ewing, the Rev. Messrs. James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Elihu Spencer, Israel Reed, Jeremiah Halsey, James Sproat, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, John Simon- ton, Alexander McDowell, Robert Smith, William Foster, John Carmichael, Robert Cooper, Thomas McFerrin, and John Craighead, with the moderator and the following elders, viz. Capt. Bourn, Dr. Harris, Dr. Scudder, and Messrs. Porter and Grant ; thirteen of whom to be a quorum, and the mode- rator to convene the commission* as occasion may require, and preside in the meeting ; or, in case of his death or disability, the first surviving member on the roll to call the meeting, and the first on the roll of the members convened, to preside. The Synod appoint the Rev. Messrs. Spencer, Duffield, Woodhull, McCreary, and Read, a committee to dispose of the interest of the money in the hands of the corporation for the widows' fund. Messrs. Boyd and Stanhope Smith are now come, and their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. Dr. Ewing reports, that he has not received the £300 lying in the hands of the corporation of New Jersey college. The Synod agree to let that money remain for the present in the hands of said corporation. The committee appointed by Synod to dispose of moneys for the education of poor and pious youth for the gospel ministry, in the hands of the treasurer of New Jersey college, not meeting according to appointment, no disposition was made. New Brunswick Presbytery report, that they have ordained the Rev. Mr. George Faitout, and received Mr. Woodhull as a member of that Presbytery. First Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Mr. Nchemiah Green- man is removed by death since our last, viz. July, and that they have received the Rev. William Schenck as a member of that Presbytery. Second Philadelphia Presbytery report, that the Rev. Dr. Francis Alison departed this life the 28th day of November, 1779, and that they have received the Rev. Robert Davidson as a member of that Presbytery. They further report, that the Rev. Mr. John Steel departed this life the — day of August. New Castle Presbytery report, that they have ordained the Rev. Mr. William 1780.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 487 Smith to the work of the gospel ministry, and that they have dismissed the Rev. Mr. Robert Pavidsou to join the Second Philadelphia Presbytery. Lewcstown l^rosbytcry report, that they have ordained Messrs. John Rankin and Samuel McMasters to the work of the gospel ministry. Orange Presbytery report, that they have ordained the Rev. Messrs. Craig- head, 31cCrea, and James Templeton, to the work of the gospel ministry, and that they have licensed Messrs. Jacob Leak and McEwen to preach the gospel. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, to meet at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. ISth day, ten c> clock, A, M., met according to adjournment. Post prcces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Halsey is now come, and his reasons for not attending sooner, and also of his absence last Synod, are sustained. Messrs. Latta and Finley are now come, and their reasons of absence last Synod, and not attending sooner, are sustained. Messrs. Robert and William Smith are now come, and their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. Dr. Nathaniel Scudder, Mr. Woodhull's elder, is now come. On reading the minutes of last sederunt, it was, on motion, resolved, that Mr. Duffield be appointed to apply to the corporation of the college of New Jersey for the three hundred pounds in their hands, belonging to the Synod, with the interest due at the time of receiving, and put the principal into the Continental Loan Office, and give the interest to Mr. Brainerd for his services among the Indians. The Synod appoint Messrs. Spencer, Israel Read, Halsey, Caldwell, and Dr. Witherspoon, a committee to dispose of the money in the hands of the corpo- ration of New Jersey College, for the education of poor and pious youth for the gospel ministry, and to meet for that purpose at Princeton, the last Wednesday of next September. On motion, resolved, that Messrs. Halsey, Duffield, and Latta, be a committee to review the minutes of Synod, as far back as the year 1774, whether any matters brought before Synod have been omitted, and make report. As the Lewestown Presbytery have not yet taken cognizance of IMr. Josiah Lewis, as ordered last Synod, the Synod renew their order in that matter, and direct that Presbytery to proceed in the affiiir as soon as possible. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. The Synod met at three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. As the sum of the legacy left by the Rev. Mr. Diodate Johnson, of New Eng- land, to the disposal of this Synod, and received by Dr. Witherspoon, Synod treasurer, is not specified in our minutes, the Synod appoint Mr. Spencer to inquire of the Doctor, what the sum is, and when it was received, and make report next Synod, if the Doctor should not be then present. The reference from the Presbytery of New Castle, respecting a certain mar- riage, brought in last year, deferred to next Synod. The committee appointed to review the records of Synod, as far back as the year 1774, report, that an affair respecting the enslaving of negroes, appears to have been before the Synod, A. D. 1774, but by some means passed over the following Synods, and not since resumed. 488 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1781. The Synod resumed the consideration of that affair, and after debating the same to considerable length, Adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 19th day, nine dclock, A. 31. The Synod met according to adjournment. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed to review the minutes of Synod, as far back as 1774, report, that there appears to have been before the Synod, 1774, a letter ftom tlie Rev. Mr. William Marshall, clerk of the Associate Presbytery, which was ordered to have been recorded in the appendix, and an address, said to be an affair of great importance, and that neither of these appear on record. The Synod appoint Mr. Sproat, the stated clerk, together with Mr. Duffield, to collect such papers of importance as belong to the Synod, and are not on record, and have them enteredvin an appendix to be kept for such purpose. The said committee further report, that an order of Synod, 1777, to the Presbytery of New Castle, to bring in their minutes of an affair respecting mar- riage, by them referred to Synod, has not been complied with. The Synod renew their former order in this matter to that Presbytery. The committee of overtures brought in a reference from the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, requesting the advice of Synod, whether Mr. Isaac Keith, a probationer under their care, may be ordained sine titulo. The Synod, after hearing the above ease laid before them by said Presbytery, and considering the circumstances attending it, apprehend there will be a pro- priety in their ordaining Mr. Keith as proposed, and accordingly authorize the Presbytery to proceed. The Synod taking into consideration the great and increasing decay of vital piety, the degeneracy of manners, want of public spirit, and prevalence of vice and immorality, that obtain throughout our land, and that the righteous Grod, by continuing still to afflict us with the sore calamity of a cruel and barbarous war, is loudly calling the inhabitants to repentance and reformation, and as a means thereto to deep humiliation and frequent fervent prayer ; do therefore appoint Thursday the 17th day of next August to be observed as a day of humi- liation, fasting, and prayer, by all the congregations under our care ; and do also renew the recommendation of former Synods to all their congregations, to spend a part of the last Thursday of every month in social prayer, as circum- stances may admit. The Synod agree to pay the janitor for his attendance on the present sessions, the sum of two hundred dollars. Adjourned till the third Wednesday of next May, to meet at ten o'clock, A. M. in the Second Presbyterian church in this city. Concluded with prayer. 1781. Philadelphia, May KSth, 1781. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, at the Second Presbyterian church. TJhi post preces sederunt Of the New York Presbytery : The Rev. Mr. Andrew King. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick : Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, Messrs. Elihu Spencer and Samuel S. Smith. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. James Sproat, Messrs. George Dufficld, William Schenck, and Nathaniel Irwin. 1781.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 489 Of the Second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Ewing and Rev. Mr. Robert Davidson. Of the New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs Robert Smith, James Fin- ley, John McCreary, William Smith, and James Anderson.] Of the Donegal Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper and Isaac Keith. Of the Lewes Presbytery : The Rev. Mr. John Miller. Of the Hanover Presbytery : The Rev. Mr. John Smith. Of the Orange Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. Alexander McWhorter. Absent : Of the Presbytery of New York : The Rev. Drs. Jnlin Rodgers and Hugh Knox, the Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, James Caldwell, Aaron Richards, Azel Roe, Jonathan Elmer, Benjamin "WoodruflF, John Joline, Nathan Kerr, John Moffatt, Joseph Treat, Simon Horton, John Close, Abner Brush, Alexander IMiller, Jedidiah Chapman, and Van Arsdalen. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick: The Rev. Messrs. Jonathan _ Guild, Joseph Reed, Samuel Kennedy, John Hannah, Thomas Smith, Francis Pep- pard, Philip Stockton, John Warford, and John Woodhull. Of the First Presbytery of Philadelphia : The Rev. Messrs. James Watt, William Hollingshead, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, James Grier, Daniel McCalla, Israel Evans, Andrew Hunter, and Robert Keith. Of the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia : The Rev. Messrs. John Simon- ton, John Elder, and Robert McMordie. Of the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Messrs. Alexander McDowell, William McKennan, Joseph Montgomery, James Latta, Thomas Smith, Joseph Smith, Thomas Reed, James Francis Armstrong, James Power, Samuel Eakin, John Clark, and John Carmichael. Of the Presbytery of Donegal : The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, James Hunt, Hugh McGill, John Hogg, James Martin, Colin McFarquhar, Amos Thompson, John Slemmons, James Lang, John King, John Craighead, Samuel Dougal, John Linn, John McKnight, Hezekiah Balch, William Linn, John BIcMillan, John Black, David Bard, and Samuel Waugh. Of the Lewes Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, Jacob Kerr, Alexander Houston, John Ranken, and Samuel McMasters, The whole Presbytery of Hanover except Mr. John Smith. The whole Presbytery of Orange, except Dr. McWhorter. The whole Presbytery of Dutchess. Elders present : Messrs. John Williams, Robert Mead, Lewis Grant, Robert Porter. The Synod was opened by the Rev. Mr. Miller, the moderator last year, with a sermon on Acts xx. 28. Mr. Duffield chosen moderator, and Messrs. Irwin and Samuel S. Smith clerks. The several Presbyteries are ordered to bring in their reports by to-morrow morning. The Rev. Messrs. Cooper, Fiuley, and King, together with Messrs. Porter and Grant, elders, are appointed a committee of overtures to meet here to-mor- row morning at six o'clock, and afterward upon adjournment, as occasion may require. The Synod as a commission for the ensuing year, appoint the Rev. Drs. Ewing and Sproat^ the Rev. Messrs. James Caldwell, Azel Roe, Elihu Spencer, Israel Reed, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, John Simonton, Robert Smith, John Carmichael, Robert Cooper, Thomas McFerrin, and John Craighead, with the moderator; together with Messrs. John Williams, Robert Mead, Lewis Grant, and Robert Porter, elders ; thirteen of whom to be a quorum, and the moderator to convene the commission as occasion may require, and preside in 62 490 MNUTES OF TIIE SYNOD OP [1781. the meeting, or in case of his death or disability, the first surviving member on the roll to call the meeting, and the first on the roll of the members convened, to preside. Some members of the committee appointed by Synod last year, to dispose of the interest of the money in the hands of the corporation for the widows' fund, inform that the committee met and disposed of the money according to order ; their minutes not being present, they are ordered to bring them at the next meeting of Synod. The Rev. Dr. McWhorter, the Rev. Messrs. Duffield, Mc- Creary, Davidson, and Irwin, are appointed a committee to dispose of the in- terest arising from said money this year. Mr. Dufl&eld has not fulfilled the order of last Synod respecting the three hundred pounds in the hands of the corporation of the college of New Jersey. The Synod on consideration, agreed that that money be continued for the pre- sent in the hands of the corporation. The committee appointed by last Synod, to dispose of the money in the hands of the corporation of the College of New Jersey, for the education of poor and pious youth, met, but no proper object offering, the distribution was not made. Ordered, That the Rev. Drs. McWhorter and Witherspoon, the. Rev. Messrs. Israel Read, Elihu Spencer, and James Caldwell, be appointed a committee to dispose of said money, and to meet at Princeton the last Wednesday of Septem- ber next, for that purpose. No report being made from Lewes Presbytery respecting the Rev. Mr. Lewis, Ordered, That they bring in their report at our next meeting. The committee appointed to collect and insert in the Synod's book, papers of importance belonging to Synod, inform that they have collected said papers according to order, but have not yet inserted them. On further consideration, instead of inserting them in the Appendix, the Synod order, that the stated clerk, file, date, and indorse all such papers, and preserve them for the use of Synod. The Presbytery of New Castle have not brought in their minutes respecting a case of marriage, as ordered in our last. The Synod renew their orders to that Presbytery. Adjourned till to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 17th day, nine dclock, A. M. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Alison is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. The Presbytery of New York report, that they have ordained Mr. John Jo- line to the work of the gospel ministry, and licensed Messrs. Fish and Ford- ham to preach the gospel; that the Rev. Mr. Hait departed this life the 27th of June, 1779 ; and that Messrs. Green, Lewis, Grover, and Bradford, have withdrawn from that Presbytery. The Presbytery of New Brunswick report, that they have, since the last meeting of Synod, received as a member the Rev. Mr. Samuel Stanhope Smith, and licensed Mr. Peter Wilson to preach the gospel, and that the Rev. Jere- miah Halsey departed this life the beginning of October last. The First Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained Mr. Isaac Keith to the work of the gospel ministry, and dismissed him to join the Presbytery of Donegal, and that the Rev. John Brainerd departed this life the 21st day of March last. The Presbytery of New Castle report, that the Rev. William Foster was re- moved by death in September last. 1781.] NEW YORK AND PniLADELPIIIA. 491 The Donegal Presbytery report, that in the four years past, they have licensed Messrs. Samuel Waugh, James Dunlap, David Bard, Stephen Balch, Joseph Henderson, and Matthew Woods, to preach the gospel, and that they have ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, IMessrs. John Linn, David Bard, Samuel Waugh, and received from the first Presbytery of Philadelphia, the Rev. Isaac Keith. Dr. IMcWhorter reported to the Synod, that the distressed circumstances of North Carolina, arising from the war, have rendered the objects of his removal thither abortive, and prevented him from obtaining a regular dismission from the Orange Presbytery. Ordered, That Dr. McWorter be re-united to the New York Presbytery. Mr. Spencer reported, that agreeably to the order of Synod last year, he had waited on Dr. Withcrspoon, the treasurer of Synod, and received from him the following account of moneys in his hand : 1777, May 20th, By balance of this date due to Synod - £54 9 5^ good money. 1779, Feb. 26th, By cash received of Rev. Mr. Johnson's legacy, .... £278 3 4 Out of which he has paid, by order of Synod, - - - - 39 Remains due, .... £239 3 4 of the value of money of 26th February, 1779. Together with £54 9 5J the good money, above-mentioned. The consideration of the reference from the New Castle Presbytery, respect- ing the marriage of a certain Anthony Duchane, deferred till next Synod, Whereas, the Synod is deeply affected that the judicatures of the church are so exceedingly neglected, both by ministers and elders, especially the latter, and taking this matter into serious consideration, and apprehending that one reason of this non-attendance, particularly on the sessions of Synod, arises from the congregations making no provision for defraying the expenses of ministers and elders, do therefore request the Presbyteries to direct their members to recommend it to their respective congregations to make contributions for this purpose ; and the Synod do further request, that the Presbyteries take every proper measure to excite their members to attend upon this judicature. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 18^^ day, nine, o^doclc, A. 31. Si/nod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Messrs. Boyd, Clark, and Robert Keith, are now come ; their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. The Rev. Messrs. Joseph Smith, John McMillan, James Powers, and Thad- deus Dodd, having requested to be erected into a separate Presbytery, to be known by the name of the Presbytery of Redstone, the Synod gi-ant their re- quest, and appoint their fii-st meeting to be held at Laurel Hill Church, the third Wednesday of September next, at eleven o'clock, A. M. The Presbytery of New Castle applied to Synod for liberty to ordain Mr. Daniel Jones, sine titulo, to the work of the gospel ministry, which was granted. The Synod renew the recommendation of some former Synods, to all their congregations, to spend a part of the last Thursday of every month in social prayer, as their respective circumstances will admit. The Synod agree to pay the janitor three dollars specie, for his attendance 492 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1782. on the present session ; and the stated clerk forty shillings specie, for tran- scribing the minutes of Synod for two years past. Ordered, That Dr. Sproat draw upon the treasurer of Synod for the above sums of money. Adjourned to meet at the fii'st Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, the third Wednesday of May next, at ten o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1782. PhiladdpMa, May Ibth, 1782. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment at the First Presbyterian church. Ubi j^ost j^reccs sederunt Of New York Presbytery : Rev. Alexander Miller. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : Rev. Drs. Witherspoon and Spencer, Rev. Messrs. John Woodhull, John Warford, Samuel Stanhope Smith. Elder, Kenith Henkinson. Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Dr. Sproat, Rev. Messrs. Alex- ander Mitchell, James Boyd, Nathaniel Irwin, William Hollinshead, William Schenck, Robert Keith. Elders, Messrs. Hugh Hodge, John Burley, John Hutton. Of the Second Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Drs. John Ewing, Patrick Alison, Rev. Messrs. John Simonton, Robert Davidson. Elders, Robert Por- ter, John Boyd. Of New Castle Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, James Finley, James Latta, James Anderson, James Armstrong, Daniel Jones, William Smith. Elders, Messrs. John Clark, J. Sharpe, W. Cooke. Of Donegal Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. Colin McFarquhar, Robert Cooper, John Craighead, John King, I. Black, Isaac Keith. Of Lewes Presbytery : Rev. John Miller. Of Redstone Presbytery : Rev. James Power. Absent : Of New York Presbytery : Rev. Drs. John Rodgers, Hugh Knox, Alexander McWhorter, Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, Aaron Richards, Simon Horton, Abner Brush, Jonathan Elmer, Benjamin Woodruff, Joseph Treat, Azel Roe, Nathan Kerr, John Close, Jedidiah Chapman, Jacob Vanarsdalen, Andrew King, and John Joline. Of the New Brunswick Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Samuel Kennedy, Israel Reed, John Hannah, Thomas Smith, Philip Stockton, and Francis Peppard. Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. James Watt, George Duffield, James Grier, Daniel McCalla, Israel Evans, Andrew Hunter, and George Faitout. Of the Second Philadelphia Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. John Elder, and Ro- bert McMordie. Of New Castle Presbytery: Rev. Messrs. William McKennan, John Mc- Creary, John Clark, Thomas Read, Thomas Smith, Samuel Eakin, Joseph Montgomery, John Carmichael, Nathaniel Semple, and John Finley. Of Donegal Presbytery : Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, James Hunt, Amos Thompson, John Hoge, Hugh McGill, James Lang, Hugh Vance, James Martin, John Slemmons, Thomas McFerrin, William Linn, John Mc- Knight, John Linn, David Bard, Samuel Waugh, Samuel Dougall, Joseph Hen- derson. The whole of Lewes Presbytery absent, except the Rev, John Miller. The whole Presbytery of Redstone, except Mr. Power. The whole Presbyteries of Hanover, Orange, Suffolk, and Dutchess, absent. The Rev. Samuel Blair was invited to sit as a correspondent member. 1782.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 493 The moderator of last year being absent, the Synod was opened by Dr. Elihu Spencer, with a sermon from Matthew xxviii. 20. The llev. James Latta, of New Castle Presbytery, was chosen moderator, and Messrs. Nathaniel Irwin and Samuel S. Smith, were chosen clerks. The Rev. Messrs. A. Miller, W. Hollingshead, John Woodhull, A. Mitchell, J. Simonton, James Power, John King, John Craighead, and John Black, who were absent last year, being now present, gave reasons for their absence, which were sustained. Ordered, That the several Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow morning. The Piev. Messrs. John Craighead, John Woodhull, James Boyd, James An- derson, Robert Keith, and Messrs. John Clarke and Thomas Sharp, were ap- pointed to be a committee of overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning, at six o'clock, and afterwards by adjournments, as occasion may require. The Rev. Drs. John "NVitherspoon, John Ewing, James Sproat, Elihu Spen- cer, Alexander McWhortcr, and Messrs. Azel Roe, Israel Reed, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, John Simonton, Robert Smith, John Carmichael, Robert Cooper, Thomas McFerrin, John Craighead, with the moderator, together with Messrs. Hugh Hodge, John Boyd, Robert Porter, John Clarke, elders, were appointed to be a commission of Synod for the ensuing year ; thirteen of whom shall be a quorum. The moderator shall have power to convene a meet- ing, and to preside therein, and in case of his death or disability, the first sur- viving member on the list shall call a meeting, and the first on the list present shall preside. The distribution made by the committee for disposing of certain moneys in the hands of the corporation of the widows' fund, in the year 1780, was re- ported to the Synod. The committee appointed last year for disposing the said moneys met, and in consideration of the difficulties under which the corporation labour, through the decay of their funds, agree to remit these moneys to the corporation, to be by them applied to the ends of their institution. Adjoui'ned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer, Tliursday morning, nine ddock. The Synod met according to adjournment. Uhi post preces sederunt qui supra. The Presbytery of New York reported, that the Rev. James Caldwell was removed by death on the 24th of November, 1781. The Presbytery of New Brunswick reported, that they have dismissed the Rev. George Faitout to join the First Philadelphia Presbytery, and licensed Mr. Joseph Reed to preach the gospel. The First Philadelphia Presbytery reported, that the Rev. William Mackey Tennent of Connecticut, and the Rev. George Faitout, had been received by them, and that Mr. Faitout had been installed in the congregation of Green- wich. The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that the Rev. Alexander McDowell, was removed by death on the 12th of January, 1782, and that they have or- dained the Rev. Messrs. Daniel Jones, John Evans Finley, and James Dunlap, to the work of the gospel ministry, and that since, Mr. Dunlap is removed within the bounds of Redstone Presbytery. The Presbytery of Donegal reported, that they have ordained and installed Mr. Joseph Henderson, as pastor of the church of Great Canawaga, and that they have dismissed the Rev. Hezekiah Balch to join the Presbytery of Hanover. The Presbytery of Orange reported, by a letter from their moderator, that 494 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1782. they have ordained Messrs. Kobert Archibald, Thomas McCade, Thomas Craig- head, James McKee, Daniel Thatcher, Samuel McCorkle, James Templeton, John Casson, James Hall, William Hill, to the work of the gospel ministry, and licensed Messrs. Thomas Donnell, David Barr, Samuel Lake, and Francis Cummings, to preach the gospel. The Synod taking up the consideration of the interest of certain money in the hands of the corporation of the widows' fund, to be disposed of by them, or their committee, in conjunction with said corporation, appoint the Rev. Drs. Elihu Spencer, Joseph Montgomery, Patrick Alison, Messrs. Robert Cooper, John Black, Nathaniel Irwin, and Samuel S. Smith, for the ensuing year, a committee, who are particularly instructed to collect all the papers and vouchers they can procure for elucidating this matter and exhibiting it in its true light, to examine what is now the real state of the money in question, and to dispose of whatever there may be subject to their disposal. The Rev. Drs. John Witherspoon, Alexander McWhorter, Elihu Spencer, and the Rev. Messrs. Israel Read, John Woodhull, and Samuel S. Smith, were appointed to be a committee to dispose of the interest of moneys in the hands of the corporation of the college of New Jersey, for the educating poor and pious youth, to meet at Princeton on the last day of September next. The Synod renewed their recommendation to the Presbyteries under their care, to take proper measures to engage their members to attend the sessions of Synod, and to remind the congregations in their bounds, of their duty to make provision for defraying the expenses of ministers and elders in attending the judicatures of the church. The Presbytery of Redstone reported, that they met and constituted accord- ing to the order of the last Synod. Ordered, That the Rev. James Finley endeavour to procure the act of Synod of the year 1729, adopting the standards of the Church of Scotland, and pro- duce it the next sessions. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three ddoch, P. 31. The Synod met. Ordered, That the several Presbyteries produce their Presbyterial records at the next session of Synod. An appeal from the judgment of the Presbytery of Donegal, on an accusa- tion of fornication, was introduced by William Duffield, junior; after delibera- tion, ordered, that the further consideration of it be deferred till to-morrow. An appeal from the judgment of the Presbytery of New Castle was brought in by the Rev. James Finley, upon the subject of his removal from his congre- gation ; ordered, that it be deferred till to-morrow. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. VJth day, nine d clock, A. M. The Synod met. Messrs. Simonton and Clarke had leave of absence. A letter was brought in from the Presbytery of Orange to the Synod, re- questing liberty to ordain Mr. David Barr, sine titulo, to the work of the gospel ministry. Resolved, that they be permitted to ordain him accordingly. The Synod proceeded to consider Mr. Finley's appeal from the judgment of New Castle Presbytery. The parties were fully heard, and the Synod having deliberated on the matter, are of opinion that the pastoral relation between Mr. Finley and his congregation ought to be dissolved, and they do accordingly dissolve it. Mr. Tennent had leave of absence during the remainder of the session. 1782.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 495 The subject of Mr. Duffield's appeal was resumed. Ordered, that the cause be remitted back to the Presbyter}' of Donegal. As it appears the interest of religion is in danger of suifering greatly at pre- sent, from the many discouragements under which the ministers of the gospel labour, from the want of a sufficient support and liberal maintenance from the congregations they serve, the Synod appoint a committee to take this matter into consideration, and report thereon to the next Synod (3rdercd, that Drs. Witherspoou, Ewing, and Spencer, be a committee for this purpose. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three o'clock, P. M. The Si/nod met. The Rev. John Blair Smith, of the Presbytery of Hanover, is come j the reasons for his not coming sooner are sustained. Mr. Smith reports, that the Presbytery of Hanover have ordained Messrs. William Wilson, and John Montgomery, and had licensed Messrs. James Mitchell, and Samuel Shannon. Anthony Dushane, who has married the sister of his former wife, and whose case has been before the Synod for two years past, preferred a petition, that he might no longer be debarred the privileges of the Church, on the account of said marriage. After full and deliberate discussion, the question was put. Shall Anthony Dushane and his wife be capable of Christian privileges, their marriage notwithstanding ? which was carried in the affirmative by a considera- ble majority. The following gentlemen chose to express their dissent from the preceding decision, viz : Alexander Miller, John King, John Craighead, Colin Mc'Far- quhar, James Power. The Rev. James Finley, and Robert Cooper, chose to protest against it, and had the liberty of sending their reasons hereafter. Dr. John Witherspoon, Joseph Montgomery, and Dr. Elihu Spencer, were appointed to be a committee to prepare an address to the minister of France, congratulating him on the birth of a dauphin, son and heir to the crown of his royal master, expressing the pleasure the Synod feel on this happy event. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, seven o'clock. Concluded with prayer, 18^^ da^, seven o'clock, A. M. The Synod met. The committee appointed to prepare a draught of an address to the minister of France, brought in one ; which being read, paragraph by paragraph, ordered, that it be signed by the moderator, and that the moderator. Dr. Witherspoon, and Mr. Montgomery, be a committee to wait upon the minister, and to present the above in the name and behalf of the Synod. The Presbytery of New Nork represented to Synod that one of their mem- bers now resided in the bounds of New Brunswick Presbytery, whose moral character laboured under some imputations, and requested the advice of Synod as to which of the Presbyteries should make the inquiry into that matter, whereupon the Synod judged it to be the duty of the Presbytery of New York. Notwithstanding the decision of last evening in the particular case of Anthony Dushane, the Synod, in consideration that such marriages are of ill report in many parts of the Church, do recommend it to their people, to abstain from them, in order to avoid giving offence. Agreed, to pay the janitor forty shillings for his attendance on the present session. Ordered, that Dr. Sproat draw upon the treasurer of Synod for the same. Adjourned to meet in the Second Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia, the third Wednesday of May next, at eleven o'clock, ante meridiem. Concluded with prayer. 496 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1783. 1783. PMladelpMa, May list, 1783. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, ^t the Second Presbyterian church. Uhi po&t preces sederunt Of New York Presbytery : The Rev. Drs. John Rodgers and Alexander McWhorter, the Rev. Messrs. Nathan Kerr, Jonathan Elmer, and Alexander Miller. Of New Brunswick Presbytery : The Rev. Drs. John Witherspoon and Elihu Spencer, the Rev. Messrs. Samuel S. Smith. Samuel Kennedy, and Francis Peppard. Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. James Sproat, the Rev. Messrs. George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, William Hollingshead, William Tennent, Daniel McCalla, George Faitout, Nathaniel Irwin, and Samuel Blair. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. John Ewing, the Rev. Messrs. Robert McMordie, and Robert Davidson. Of the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Messrs. James Latta, Robert Smith, James Finley, Thomas Read, William Smith, John Carmichael, John McCreary, James Anderson, and Daniel Jones. Of the Presbytery of Donegal : The Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper, James Lang, John Craighead, John King, Colin McFarquhar, Thomas McFerrin, William Linn, and John Black. Of the Presbytery of Redstone : The Rev. Mr. John McMillan. Of the Presbytery of Lewes : The Rev. Messrs. John Miller and Samuel McMasters. Of the Presbytery of Orange : The Rev. Mr. James Edmunds. Elders : Messrs. William Faulkner, John Pinkerton, William Mclntire, John Bergen, Robert Porter, James Porter, William Brizben, Samuel Waugh, Lucas Aldridge, and Patrick Scott. Absent : Of the Presbytery of New York : The Rev. Dr. Hugh Knox, the Rev. Messrs. Timothy Jones, Simon Horton, Aaron Richards, John Moffatt, Benjamin Woodruff, Abner Brush, Joseph Treat, Azel Roe, Jedidiah Chapman, Jacob Vanarsdalen, Matthias Burnet, Andrew King, and John Joline. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick : The Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Israel Read, John Hannah, John Woodhull, John Warford, Thomas Smith, and Philip Stockton. Of the First Presbytery of Philadelphia : The Rev. Messrs. James Watt, William Schenck, James Grier, Andrew Hunter, Israel Evans, and Robert Keith. Of the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia : The Rev. Messrs. John Elder and John Simonton. Of the New Castle Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. William McKennan, Joseph Montgomery, James Armstrong, John Finley, Thomas Smith, and Samuel Eakin. Of the Donegal Presbytery: The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, John Hogg, James Martin, Hugh McGill, Amos Thompson, James Hunt, Hugh Vance, Samuel Dougal, John McKnight, John Linn, David Bard, Samuel Waugh, Joseph Henderson, Matthew Woods, and Stephen Balch. Of the Presbytery of Redstone : The Rev. Messrs. John Clark, James Power, Thaddeus Dodd, James Dunlap, and Joseph Smith. Of the Presbytery of Orange : The Rev. Messrs. John Hill, Joseph Alex- ander, John Debeau, Casson, Roe, Archibald, McCall, Barr, Harris, Thacher, Caldwell, Patillo, Craighead, McCorkle, Templeton, 1783.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 497 Of the Presbytery of Lewes : The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, Jacob Kerr, Alexander Huston, and John llankin. The Synod was opened by Mr. Latta, the last year's moderator, with a ser- mon from 1 Tim. iv. 16. The llev. John ]McCreary, of New Castle Presbytery, was chosen mode- rator, and the llev. Messrs. Nathaniel Irwin and John Black were chosen clerks. The members who were absent from last Synod, as also from preceding Synods, and now present, gave their reasons of absence, which were sustained. Ordered, That the several Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow morning. Tlie llev. Messrs. Alexander Miller, Peppard, Mitchell, McMordie, William Smith, Lang, John Miller, McMillan, Edmunds; with the elders, Messrs. Brizban, Porter, Faulkner, and Scott, were appointed a committee of overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and afterwards by adjournment, as occasion may recjuire. The Synod proceeded to the choice of a commission for the ensuing year, when the following gentlemen were appointed, viz. Drs. Witherspoon, Ewing, Sproat, Spencer, and McWhorter, Messrs. Roe, Israel Read, Mitchell, Boyd, Simonton, Robert Smith, Carmichael, Cooper, McFerrin, John Miller, Matthew Wilson, and John McCreary, with elders Faulkner, Pinkerton, Mclutire, Ber- gen, R. Porter, J. Porter, and Brizban ; of these, thirteen shall be a quorum. The moderator, with advice of six members, shall have power to call a meeting, and to preside there; in case of his death or disability, the first surviving mem- ber on the list shall call the meeting, and the fii'st on the list of the members convened, shall preside. The committee appointed last Synod to examine into the state of the widows' fund with regard to certain moneys in the hands of the corporaton of said fund, which is subject to be disposed of by Synod, or their committee, report, that they have not transacted that business. The Synod then proceeded to the choice of a new committee for the same business, when the following gentlemen were chosen, viz. Rev. Drs. Elihu Spencer and Alexander McWhorter, Rev. Messrs. James Boyd, Robert David- son, and Nathaniel Irwin, who are instructed to report to Synod before the con- clusion of the present sessions. Adjourned till nine o'clock, to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. Thursday morning, at nine o'clock, the Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. John Slemmons is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, as also for being absent from several preceding meetings of Synod, sustained ; his elder, Mr. William Ross. The Rev. Dr. Patrick Alison and Rev. Nathaniel Semple are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained; Mr. Semple' s elder is Mr. Robert Bayly. The Presbytery of New York report, that the Rev. Mr. William Woodhull, one of their members, appeared before them at their last meeting, and stated to them his situation, as being still incapable of exercising his ministry by his continued indisposition, and the little, or rather no probability of his ever being able to attempt the exercise of it in future, and that he was at the same time engaged in certain secular employments that would seem to render it improper to have his name in their records as a member, while he is incapable of attend- ing their meetings, or discharging any of the great duties of his ministry, and therefore submits to them the propriety of their continuing and considering him 63 498 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1783. as a member from time to time ; and that the Presbytery, on considering his situation, thought it best to leave his name out of their records in futm-e, till he shall be able to return to the exercise of his ministry, an event that would give them great pleasure. The Synod considered the above report, and are of opinion, that Mr. Wood- hull ought to be continued a member of the Presbytery of New York, and there- fore direct that Presbytery to insert his name in their roll. The Rev. Mr. Isaac Keith is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. The Presbytery of New Brunswick reported, that they had licensed since our last meeting, Mr. Joseph Clark to preach the gospel. The First Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that they have installed the Rev. William Mackey Tennent in the united congregations of Abington, Nor- rington, and New Providenc^, and that they have received the Rev. Samuel Blair as a member ; and also received under their care Mr. Simeon Hyde, a probationer from the eastern churches. The Presbytery of Donegal reported, that they have ordained the Rev. Mat- thew Woods, and the Rev. Stephen Balch to the work of the gospel ministry, and licensed Mr. William Boyd and Mr. James Johnston to preach the gospel, since our last meeting. The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that they have dismissed the Rev. Mr. John Clark from them to join the Presbytery of Redstone, since our last meeting.' The Presbytery of Redstone reported, that they' have received the Rev. Messrs. John Clark and James Dunlap, as members, since our last sessions. Ordered, To proceed in reading the minutes of the last session. Mr. Finley reports, that he has not been able to procure the act of Synod ofj the year 1729, adopting the standards of the Church of Scotland. Ordered, That Mr. Cooper and Mr. Boyd be a committee to examine the New York Presbytery book, that Mr. Tennent and Mr. King be a committee to ex- amine New Brunswick Presbytery book, that Mr. Elmer and Mr. Kerr be a committee to examine the First Philadelphia Presbytery book, and to report on Friday morning. Whereas, the Presbyteries of Donegal, New Castle, Lewes, Orange, and Red- stone, have not produced their Presbytery books, ordered, that they be careful in future to lay the said books before Synod. Upon motion, ordered, that the clerk of the Synod write to the Presbyteries of Hanover, Suffolk, and Dutchess, that they be careful to attend the meetings of Synod in future ; and that if any circumstances should necessarily prevent any of those Presbyteries from attending at any particular time, they should make the necessary reports to Synod by letter, and send their Presbytery books for examination. Mr. Francis Gamer, Mr. Carmichael's elder, is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. The Rev. James Grrier is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. At three d clock, P. M. the Synod met. Post jyreces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Mr. Joseph Smith is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. Whereas, there was an order of last Synod for the expunging of a minute in the proceedings of Synod of 1781, the Synod now taking up the matter, agree. 1783.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 499 that our minutes ought not to be expunged in any instance, and that the said minute ought, therefore, to be now revived and inserted in the present records j accordingly it is hereby revived and is as follows, viz : " It having been represented to Synod, that the Presbyterian church suffers greatly in the opinion of other denominations, from an apprehension that they hold intolerant principles, the Synod do solemnly and publicly declare, that they ever have, and still do renounce and abhor the principles of intolerance ; and we do believe that every peaceable member of civil society ought to be pro- tected in the full and free exercise of their religion." Remonstrances from sundry congregations were brought in by the committee of overtures, requesting a reversing of the decision of last Synod, respecting the marriage of a man with his former wife's sister. After much deliberation, Synod agree to reconsider the subject to-morrow morning. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 23t? day, nine o'doch, A. M. Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Rev. Robert Keith is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. Mr. Carmichael hath leave of absence during the remainder of the present sessions. Agreeably to the order of this day, the Synod proceeded to reconsider the case of marriage, and discussed the subject at considerable length; the further consideration thereof deferred till the afternoon. The Rev. Dr. McWhorter hath leave of absence during the remainder of the present sessions. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Tliree d clock, P. M. The Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Ross, Mr. Slemmons's elder, hath leave of absence till to-morrow morning. The Synod resumed the consideration of the case of marriage, and after debating the matter at some length, agreed to defer the final decision thereof till to-morrow morning. Through the committee of overtures, it was requested by the first Presby- tery of Philadelphia, that the Synod declare to them their sense on this point, viz : whether a person without a liberal education may be taken on trials or licensed to preach the gospel ? The question being put, it was carried in the negative. A committee was appointed last sessions of Synod to take into considera- tion the difficulties under which gospel ministers labour, for want of a liberal maintenance from the congregations they serve, and report to this Synod; said committee brought in their report, which was read and considered : Whereupon ordered, that Drs. Witherspoon and Spencer, with Mr. S. Smith, be a committee to prepare a draught of a pastoral letter to the congregations, under the inspection of Synod, as also to prepare some resolves to be past by Synod, and accompany said letter; the whole to be brought in to-morrow morning. Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 500 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1783. 24ith day, nine o'clocTc, A. M. tlie Synod met. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The Synod having again resumed the consideration of the judgment which they passed hxst year concerning Anthony Dushane, declare their dissatisfaction with all such marriages as are inconsistent with the Levitical law, and that persons marrying within the degrees of consanguinity prohibited in that law, ought to suffer the censures of the church; and they further judge, that although the marriage of a man to two sisters successively, viz : to the one after the death of the other, may not be a direct violation of the express words of that law, yet as it is contrary to the custom of the Protestant churches in general, and an evidence of great untenderness towards many serious and well disposed Christians, and may, through the prejudices or generally received opinions of the members of our church, be productive of very disagreeable consequences ; the persons contracting such marriages are highly censurable, and the practice ought to be disallowed in express terms by the Synod, and we do therefore condemn such marriages as imprudent and unseasonable. Yet as some things may be done very imprudently and unseasonably, which when done ought not to be annulled, we are of opinion, that it is not necessary for the persons whom this judgment respects to separate from one another, yet they should not be received into the communion of the church without a solemn admonition, at the discretion of the session of the congregation to which they belong ; and the Synod publicly recommend it to all their members to abstain from celebrating such marriages, and to discountenance them by all the proper means in their power. Mr. Finley dissented from the above judgment, and requested leave to enter his reasons of dissent in the minutes, which was granted. The committee appointed to prepare a draught of a pastoral letter to the congregations under the inspection of Synod, reported one, which, after a few alterations, was approved of, and Dr. Witherspoon and Mr. Black were directed to have it fairly transcribed, signed by the moderator, and printed. The consideration of the resolves brought in by the committee which draughted the pastoral letter, deferred till next Synod. The Synod taking into consideration the situation of many people under their care, who, through the indigence of their circumstances are not able to pur- chase Bibles, and are in danger of perishing for lack of knowledge : Ordered, That every member of this body shall use his utmost influence in the congregation under his inspection, and in the vacancies contiguous to them, to raise contributions for the purchasing of Bibles, to be distributed among such poor persons ; and that Dr. Sproat and Ewing, and Mr. Du.ifield, be a committee to receive such contributions, to purchase Bibles therewith, and send them to the several members of this Synod, who, in conjunction with their re- spective sessions, shall distribute them. And as Mr. Aitken, from laudable motives, and with great expense, hath undertaken and executed an elegant im- pression of the Holy Scriptures, which, on account of the importation of Bibles from Europe, will be very injurious to his temporal circumstances : Synod further agree, that the above committee shall purchase Bibles of the said im- pression and no other, and earnestly recommend it to all, to purchase such in preference to any other. The committees appointed to examine the Presbytery books reported accord- ingly. Agreed to pay the stated clerk forty shillings for transcribing the minutes of two years ; to discharge the bill of one pound, one shilling, and six pence, con- tingent expenses ; and to pay the janitor forty shillings for his attendance on the present sessions. 1784.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 501 Ordered, That Dr. Sproat draw upon the treasurer of Synod for the above sums. Adjourned to meet at the First Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia, the third Wednesday of May next, at eleven o'clock, A. M. Concluded with prayer. 1784* Philadelphia, May l^lh, 1784. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia met according to adjournment, at the First Presbyterian church. Present : Of the New York Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Jonathan Elmer, Nathan Kerr, Alexander jMiller. Of the New Brunswick Presbytery : Rev. Dr. Elihu Spencer. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Dr. James Sproat, the Rev. Messrs. George Duffield, Alexander Mitchell, James Boyd, James Grier, Andrew Hunter, William Schenck, Francis Peppard, Samuel Blair, Israel Evans, Na- thaniel Irwin. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Drs. John Ewing, Patrick Alison, and the Rev. Mr. Robert Davidson. Of the New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, William McKennan, James Anderson, and John McCreary. Of the Donegal Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. John Craighead, William Linn, Isaac Keith, Matthew Woods, and Robert Cooper. Of the Presbytery of Lewes : The Rev. Mr. John Miller. Of the Presbytery of Redstone : The Rev. Mr. James Dunlap. Of the Presbytery of Orange : The Rev. James Edmunds. Elders present : Mr. Benjamin Gale, Col. John Bayard, Messrs. Hosea Law- rence, Robert Porter, Robert Boggs, and Robert Patterson. Absent : Of the Presbytery of New York : The Rev. Dr. Timothy Jones, the Rev. Drs. John Rodgers, and Hugh Knox, the Rev. Messrs. Simon Hor- ton, Aaron Richards, John Moffatt, Abner Brush, Benjamin Woodruff, Joseph Treat, Azel Roe, Jedidiah Chapman, John Close, Jacob Vanarsdalen, William Woodhull, Matthias Burnet, Andrew King, John Joline, and the Rev. Dr. Alex- ander McWhorter. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick : The Rev. Drs. John Witherspoon and Samuel Smith, the Rev. Messrs. John Guild, Israel Read, John Hannah, John Woodhull, Samuel Kennedy, John Warford, Thomas Smith, and Philip Stockton. Of the first Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. IMessrs. James Watt, Daniel McCalla, George Faitout, Robert Keith and William Tennent. Of the second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. John Elder, John Simonton, and Robert McMordie. Of the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Joseph Montgomery, Thomas Read, Thomas Smith, James Finley, John Finley, Nathaniel Semple, James F. Armstrong, William Smith, James Latta. Of the Presbytery of Donegal : The Rev. Samuel Thompson, John Hoge, James Hunt, Hugh Magill, James Martin, Colin McFarquar, Amos Thompson, John Slemmons, James Lang, John King, Hugh Vance, John Black, John McKnight, David Beard, John Linn, Samuel Waugh, Joseph Henderson, Ste- phen Balch, and Samuel Dougal. Of the Presbytery of Lewes : The Rev. Matthew Wilson, Jacob Kerr, Alex- ander Huston, John Rankin, Samuel McMasters. 502 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1784. Of the Presbytery of Redstone : The Rev. Messrs. John McMillanj James Power, Joseph Smith, Thaddeus Dodd, John Clark. Of the Presbytery of Orange : The Rev. Messrs. Joseph Alexander, Robert Archibald, David Barr, David Caldwell, John Casson, Francis Cummings, Thomas Craighead, James Frazier, James Hall, John Harris, Thomas Hill, Thomas McCall, Samuel McCorkle, James McKee, Henry Pattillo, Thomas Rees, John Simpson, James Templeton, Daniel Thatcher. The whole Presbyteries of Hanover, Dutchess, and Suffolk. The Synod was opened by the Rev. John McCreary, the moderator of last year, with a sermon from Jeremiah iii. 22. The Rev. Jonathan Elmer was chosen moderator, Messrs. William Linn, and Nathaniel Irwin, clerks. The members who were absent from last Synod, and are present now, gave their reasons of absence, which were satisfactory. The Rev. Messrs. Nathaii Kerr, James Boyd, Robert Davidson, John McCreary, Isaac Keith, James Dunlap, and James Edmunds, with Col. Bayard, Messrs. Robert Porter, Benjamin Gale, and Robert Patterson, elders, were ap- pointed a committee of overtures, to meet here to-morrow morning, six o'clock, and afterwards by adjournment, as occasion may require. Ordered, That the Presbyteries bring in their reports to-morrow morning. Dr. Alison and Mr. Keith are appointed a committee to examine the Orange Presbytery book. Mr. Craighead and Mr. Cooper were appointed a committee to examine the New Castle Presbytery book. Mr. Mitchell and Mr. Dufl&eld to examine the Donegal Presbytery book. The Rev. Mr. James Finley sent in his reasons for dissenting from judgment of last Synod, respecting a certain Anthony Dushane, and Eliza, his wife, which were ordered to be inserted. They are as follows : " The subscriber begs the following may be inserted, as containing his rea- sons for protesting against the judgment formed by the Synod, the year 1783, upon a review of the judgment or judgments formed the preceding year, respect- ing Anthony Dushane and his supposed wife. The reasons are : " 1st. That although this year's judgment differs from the judgment of the preceding year, in words, yet the substance is nearly the same ; the first year's judgment allows the above said persons to be admitted to privileges, notwith- standing their marriage, the second does the same ; the former cautions against such marriages purely because offensive to many, the latter does the same, and goes no further than to say that marriages, contrary to the prohibitions in Levi- ticus, are imprudent and unseasonable, many in our church being offended at them, and they are offended for a reason very different from that given by the Synod. The last of the former judgments, by implication, reproves persons guilty of such marriages, for it blames them as acting imprudently, this year's goes little further; for it only requires them to be rebuked, and that at the dis- cretion of the session, which may be done very privately, and it neither requires them to confess their fault nor forsake it. " 2dly. This year's judgment appears to be worse than that of the last, for the former, however unsoundly intended, yet was more safely worded; for they say nothing about the persons cohabiting for the future, but only respect the marriage, which is a crime, that upon confessing and then forsaking the marriage bed, ought to be passed over, and had this been added, the judgment would have been very viudicable ; but this year's judgment allows them to cohabit, which is the crime directly forbidden by Almighty God; so that hereby the Synod allow them to continue in the constant violation of a moral negative precept. Therefore, since there is such an agreement, and the last judgment worse than the former, I firmly adhere to the reasons given in my first 1784.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 503 protest as applicable here. I would add, that the Synod has treated with dis- regard the petitions of many Avorthy persons, who begged, that if the Synod should confirm their former judgment, they would let them know their reasons for so doing, which I think is not done. The only thing like it is their saying in the minute that some things may be done very imprudently and unseasona- bly, which when done ought not to be annulled, which nobody doubts; but the petitioners expected a proof that this was a thing of that nature, and to have been instructed in it. Upon the whole, although I desire not to promote uneasi- ness, yet knowing it to be my duty to testify against the declensions and dan- gerous innovations in our church, I am obliged by conscience to act as I do in this, and may go further, be ofiendcd who will. "James Finley." Adjourned till to-morrow morning nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 20th, nine o'doch, A. 31. Synod met. Mr. Peppard obtained leave of absence from the remainder of the sessions. The Rev. John Linn is now come, his reasons for absence from several former meetings of Synod, and not attending sooner at this, sustained. The llev. Dr. McWhorter and the Rev. Dr. Rodgers are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. Whereas, the Synod last year recommended it to their members to make collections for the purpose of buying Bibles of Mr. Aitken's impression, to be distributed among the poor : And as it appears that that recommendation has not been fully executed, the Synod now renew the order, and earnestly recom- mend it to those who have yet done nothing in that business, to do every thing in their power to promote so good a design, either by purchases in the said impression, or any other they may prefer. The Synod further order the several Presbyteries to pay a special attention to this matter, and that the clerk write to the Presbyteries that are not represented in the Synod, on the same subject. The Synod proceeded to receive the reports of the several Presbyteries, when the Presbytery of New York reported, that they have re-inserted the name of the Rev. William Woodhull in their records, agreeably to the order of last Sy- nod; and that they have installed the Rev. Alexander Miller to the pastoral charge of the congregation of South Hanover, since the last Synod. The First Presbytery of Philadelphia report, that they have ordained Mr. Simeon Hyde to the work of the gospel ministry, and installed him in the con- gregation of Deerfield, and that he has been removed by death ; they further report, that they have received the Rev. Mr. Francis Peppard from the Presby- tery of New Brunswick, and dismissed the Rev. William HoUingshead in con- sequence of his having accepted an invitation from a congregation in Charles- town, South Carolina, all since the last session of Synod. The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that the Rev. Samuel Eakin has been removed by death since last Synod. The Presbytery of Donegal reported, that they have dismissed Mr. William Boyd, a licensed candidate under their care, that he may put himself under the care of New Brunswick Presbytery. The Presbytery of Orange reported, that they have since their last report to Synod, ordained Mr. David Barr, and installed him in the congregation of Sandy river ; that they have ordained Mr. Francis Cummings, and installed him in the congregation of Bethel ; and also ordained Mr. James McKee, and installed him in the congregation of Steel Creek; that they have licensed Messrs. Robert Finley, Robert Hall, Robert Mechlin, and James Newton, to preach the gospel, and that the Rev. Messrs. John Debow and James Campbell have been removed by death. 504 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1784. The Presbyteries of New Brunswick, Redstone, and the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia, informed Synod that they have nothing to report. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Three d clock, P. M. Synod met. The Rev. Mr. McMordie is now come, his reasons for not coming sooner, sustained. Dr. Spencer informed Synod that the Rev. David McClure, of New England, proposed a journey to the southward to preach the gospel, and that he was de- sirous of obtaining recommendations from Synod to the vacancies in that part of the church. The Synod direct the stated clerk, together with Mr. Duffield, to furnish him with such recommendations, provided he produces to them sufficient testimonials. Mr. Boggs had leave of absence during the remainder of the sessions. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, nine o'clock . Concluded with prayer. 21s<, nine d clock, A. M. Synod met. Mr. Walker Smith, Dr. Spencer's elder, is now come. The Rev. Dr. Samuel S. Smith is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. The Synod having reason, by information given since their present meeting, to apprehend the churches under their care in imminent danger from ministers and licensed candidates of unsound principles coming among us, do hereby renew their former injunction to the respective Presbyteries within their bounds, relative to this matter, and do also strictly enjoin on every member of this body, under pain of censure, to be particularly careful in this respect. And the stated clerk of the Synod is hereby directed to furnish each of our Presbyteries with an attested copy of the said injunctions, together with a copy of this minute. The Presbytery of Orange applied to the Synod for their advice respecting an irregular member of their body, cited to appear and neglecting to attend, or living at so great a distance that he cannot be cited. Ordered, that Mr. Cooper and Sir. Kerr be a committee to prepare and bring in a report on this affair ia the afternoon. The Presbytery of Orange represented to Synod that their numbers are so increased, and their bounds so extensive, as to render it very inconvenient for them to meet in one place. They, therefore, request the Synod to form a num- ber of their members into a distinct Presbytery, to be known by the name of the Presbytery of South Carolina. The Synod grant their request, and order the Rev. Messrs. Joseph Alexander, Francis Cummings, James Edmunds, John Harris, Thomas Rees, and John Simpson, to be set off from the Orange Pres- bytery and formed into a Presbytery as aforesaid, and appoint their first meet- ing to be at the Wexaws, the second Tuesday of April next, at eleven o'clock, A. M., and the Rev. James Edmunds to preside in said meeting. The Synod further direct that the line that divides North and South Carolina be in future the line of separation between the Presbytery of Orange and the Presbytery of South Carolina. Adjourned till half-past three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. Half-past three o'clock, P. M. Synod met. The committee appointed to bring in a report this afternoon on the case committed to them, brought in one accordingly, which not being approved, the Synod adopted the following, viz : In answer to an application from the Orange Presbytery for advice in a particular case, which is expressly provided for in 1785.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 505 the discipline of the Presbyterian Church, advised that they strictly conform themselves to its known rules in such cases provided. The Rev. Dutch Classis of New Brunswick having expressed an uneasi- ness with regard to some members of the Presbyteries of New York and New Brunswick, it was moved that a committee of this Synod be appointed, conditionally, to meet with a committee expected to be appointed by the Dutch Synod, now meeting at New York, at a time and place to be fixed by them, in order to compromise, if possible, all subjects of difference existing between them, and to determine a line for their future conduct with regard to each other, and to enter into an amicable correspondence with the Dutch com- mittee upon subjects of general utility and friendship between the churches. The Synod upon the motion resolved, that Drs. llodgers, McWhortcr, Spencer, and Smith, and Messrs. Alexander Miller, J. Woodhull, and Israel Ilcad, be a committee accordingly, to meet a committee of the Dutch Synod, for the above mentioned objects, at the time and place the said Synod may please to appoint j and that Dr. llodgers be appointed to give timely notice to the above mem- bers, of the time and place of the meeting of the committees, as appointed by the Dutch Synod. Agreed to pay the stated clerk twenty shillings for transcribing the minutes of this yeai ; and to pay the janitor thirty shillings for his attendance on the present sessions. Ordered, That Dr. Sproat draw upon the treasurer of Synod for the above sums. Adjourned to meet in the Second Presbyterian Church, in Philadelphia, on the third Wednesday of May, 1785, at eleven o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 1785. Philadelphia, May ISth, 1785. The Synod of New York and Philadelphia, met according to adjournment^ in the Second Presbyterian Church. Ubi 2iost preces sederunt Of the Presbytery of New York : The Rev. Drs. John Rodgers, and Alex- ander McWhorter, and Rev. Messrs. Alexander Miller, and Jonathan Elmer. Of the Presbytery of New Brunswick : The Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, and Rev. Mr. John Woodhull. Of the First Presbytery of Philadelphia : The Rev. Dr. James Sproat, and Rev. Messrs. George Dufl&eld, James Boyd, William Mackay Tennent, William Schenck, George Faitout, and Nathaniel Irwin. Of the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia : The Rev. Dr. John Bwing, and Rev. Mr. Robert McMordie. Of the Presbytery of New Castle : The Rev. Messrs. Robert Smith, John McCreary, John Carmichael, Thomas Read, James Anderson, Daniel Jones, and William Smith. Of the Presbytery of Donegal : The Rev. Messrs. Robert Cooper, James IMartin, John Linn, Isaac Keith, and James Johnston. Of the Presbytery of Lewes : The Rev. Messrs. Matthew Wilson, John Miller, and William Linn. Elders : Messrs. Jacob Wikoff, William Falconer, John Pinkerton, Joseph Neely, the Hon. John Whitehill, and David McClure. Absent : Of the Presbytery of New l^'ork : The Rev. Dr. Hugh Knox, the Rev. Messrs. Simon Horton, Timothy Jones, John Moffatt, Abner Brush, Benjamin Woodruff, Aaron Richards, Nathan Kerr, Azel Roe, Jedidiah Chap- man, Jacob Vanarsdaleu, William Woodhull, Matthias Burnet, John Joline, Andrew King, and John Close. 64 506 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1785. Of New Brunswick Presbytery: The Eev. Messrs. John Guild, Samuel Kennedy, Israel Read, Thomas Smith, John Hanna, Philip Stockton, Joseph Rue, Peter Wilson, John Warford, James Armstrong, and the Rev. Dr. Samuel Stanhope Smith. Of the First Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Francis Peppard, James Grier, James Watt, Daniel McCalla, Israel Evans, Andrew Hunter, and Samuel Blair. Of the Second Philadelphia Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. John Elder, and John Simonton, and Rev. Dr. Patrick Alison. Of New Castle Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. William McKennan, James Latta, Alexander Mitchell, Thomas Smyth, Nathaniel Semple, John Evans Finley, and George Luckey. Of Donegal Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Thompson, John Hoge, James Hunt, James Lang, John King, John Craighead, Hugh McGill, Amos Thompson, Hugh Vance, Tkomas McFerrin, John Black, Colin McFarqu- har, John Slemmons, Samuel Dougal, John McKnight, Joseph Henderson, Samuel Waugh, Stephen Balch, David Beard, and the Rev. Dr. Robert Da- vidson. Of Lewestown Presbytery : The Rev. Messrs. Jacob Kerr, John Rankin, Samuel McMasters, and Alexander Huston. Of Hanover, Orange, Dutchess, Suffolk, Redstone, and the South Carolina Presbyteries, the whole of their members. The Synod was opened by Mr. Elmer, the moderator of last year's meeting, by a sermon on Daniel xii. 3. The Rev. Mr. Matthew Wilson was chosen moderator, and Mr. Dufl&eld and Mr. Tennent clerks. The Rev. Messrs. John Woodhull, George Faitout, William Mackay Ten- nent, Thomas Read, William Smith, and James Martin, gave reasons for ab- sence from last Synod, which were sustained. The present moderator's reasons for absence from several past meetings of Synod, were sustained. Ordered, That the clerks prepare against to-morrow morning, a draught of a letter to the Presbyteries of Hanover, Orange, Dutchess, and Suifolk, re- specting their neglect of attending Synod, and urging their attendance in future. The Rev. Dr. McWhorter, the Rev. Messrs. Woodhull, Boyd, McMordie, Thomas Read, Keith, and William Linn, with Messrs. Faulkner, and White- hill, elders, were appointed a committee of overtures to meet here to-morrow morning at six o'clock, and afterwards by adjournment. Mr. Elmer and Mr. Tennent, were appointed a committee to examine the New Brunswick Presbytery book. Mr. John Miller and Mr. Woodhull, to examine the Second Philadelphia Presbytery book. Dr. Ewing and Mr. Wil- liam Smith, to examine the Donegal Presbytery book. The books of the other Presbyteries have not been brought in. Mr. Mitchel is now come, his reasons for not attending sooner were sus- tained. The Synod observing with great regret, that the recommendation of the year before last, and renewed last year, respecting a collection to provide a supply of Bibles for the poor, especially those on the frontiers, has, by some means, been greatly neglected, do again renew the said recommendation, and earnestly request the respective Presbyteries that have not attended thereto, to pay a special attention to this matter, and to send the money that may be col- lected to the committee formerly appointed, and to make report at om* next meeting. 1785.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPIIIA. 507 Mr. Mitcliel was appointed a member of tlie committee to examine Donegal Presbytery book. The Presbytery of New York reported, that they have, since our last, dis- missed the Kev. Mr. Joseph Treat, in order to his joining the Presbytery of New Brunswick ; and that they have taken under their care Messrs. John Burton, James Wilson, and John McDonald, candidates for the ministry from Scotland ; Mr. Wilson's and Mr. McDonald's credentials were, according to the order of Synod respecting ministers and probationers from foreign parts, laid before the Synod and approved. The Presbytery of New Brunswick reported, that the Rev. Dr. Spencer was removed by death the 27th of last December; and that they have, since our last, ordained to the work of the ministry, Messrs. Joseph Roe and Joseph Clark, sine titnlo, agreeably to the liberty obtained last Synod ; and have also ordained Mr. William Boyd to a charge, and Mr. Peter Wilson, sine titnlo, in order to go on a mission, of whom Messrs. Clark and Boyd being present, took their seats as members. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. Thursday, \^th day, nine o clock, A. M. Post preces sederunt qni supra. Messrs. Slemmons, McFarquhar, Armstrong, Warford, Dr. Alison and Dr- Smith are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained ; as also Mr. Slemmons's and Mr. McFarquhar's reasons for not attending last year, and Mr. Warford' s and Mn Armstrong's for non-attendance for some years past. Mr. Daniel Thatcher, of Orange Presbytery, is now come, his reasons for not attending for some years past, nor sooner at this meeting, were sustained. The First Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that Mr. Robert Keith has been removed by death since our last; and that they have dismissed Mr. Mitchel in order to his joining the Presbytery of New Castle. The Second Presbytery of Philadelphia reported, that they have, since our last, dismissed Dr. Davidson, to take a charge in the bounds of Donegal Pres- bytery. The Presbytery of New Castle reported, that they have, since our last, dis- missed Mr. James Finley, to join the Presbytery of Redstone; and have ordained Mr. George Luckey to the work of the ministry, as pastor at Bethel ; and have received Mr. Mitchel from the first Presbytery of Philadelphia ; and have employed in their bounds the Rev. Mr. James Munro, an ordained minister from Scotland ; and have taken under their care, Mr. Samuel Barr, a licensed candidate from the Presbytery of Derry, in Ireland ; and that in consequence of Mr. Joseph Montgomery's having informed them, that through bodily indis- position he was incapable of officiating in the ministry, and having also accepted an office under the civil authority, they have left his name out of their records. Mr. Munro's credentials, agreeably to a former order respecting foreign minis- ters and probationers, were laid before the Synod and approved, in consequence whereof, Mr. Munro being present, took his seat in Synod as a member of that Presbytery. Mr. Barr's testimonials were also produced and approved. The Presbytery of Donegal reported, that they have, since our last, ordained Mr. James Johnson to the work of the ministry, as pastor at Kisahcoquillas ; and dismissed Mr. William Linn to join the Lewistown Presbytery; and have received Dr. Robert Davidson from the second Presbytery of Philadelphia ; and licensed Mr. Samuel Wilson to preach the gospel ; and have also employed in their bounds the Rev. Mr. Matthew Stevens, an ordained minister from the Presbytery of Letterkenny, in L-eland ; and that Mr. Woods, one of their members, was removed by death on. the thirteenth of last September; IMr. SOS MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OP [1785. Stevens's testimonials were produced and' approved, and he being present, took his seat in Synod as a member of that Presbytery. The Presbytery of Lewestown reported, that Mr. Alexander Huston, one of their members, departed this life on the third of last January ; and that they have, since our last, received Mr. William Linn from the Presbytery of Donegal. A difficulty having arisen respecting Mr. Montgomery's name being left out of the records of New Castle Presbytery, for the reasons assigned in their report, Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. McWhorter, and Dr. Alison, were appointed a committee to consider that part of their report, and to prepare against to- morrow morning, a draught of a plan to direct the conduct of Presbyteries in such cases. A recommendation of last Synod, respecting members of Presbyteries be- coming contributors to the widows' fund, having been omitted in transcribing the minutes into the Synod book, was ordered now to be entered, and is as fol- lows, viz : *^ '' The corporation of the widows' fund represented to the Synod, that the benevolent purposes of their institution were likely to be frustrated through the delinquency of some ministers who have been formerly contributors, and have not been punctual in paying their annual rates ; and by reason also of the young members of Synod, through the distracted state of public affairs, not having become contributors." The Synod, after seriously considering said representation, agree to recom- mend it to all their members, that those who have not become contributors, should, as soon as possible, become such, and embrace the privileges offered them by the said corporation ; and likewise, that thoSe who are, or may be contributors, should be careful and punctual in their annual payments. It is, moreover, enjoined by the Synod on all their Presbyteries, that they be very exact in laying before every young minister whom they may settle, all the ad- vantages of being a contributor to the said fund. And the Synod agree, yearly to inquire of the Presbyteries, when the reports from the same are given in, with respect to their diligence in recommending this matter to their young mem- bers. And it is likewise recommended to all the congregations, where they shall settle a minister, to be careful to encourage their minister to become a contributor to the said fund. The committee appointed by the Synod last year, to meet with the com- mittee of the Low Dutch Reformed Synod of New York and New Jersey, report, that they were disappointed of meeting by a mistake, and one of the members of the committee informing the Synod that some of the brethren of the Dutch Synod, and one of the members of the Associate Reformed Synod, had expressed a desire of some measures being taken for promoting a friendly intercourse between the three Synods, or laying a plan for some kind of union among them, whereby they might be enabled to unite their interests, and com- bine their efforts, for promoting the great cause of truth and vital religion j and at the same time giving it as their judgment, that such plan was practi- cable : The Synod were happy in finding such a disposition in the brethren of the above Synods, and cheerfully concur with them in thinking that such a measure is both desirable and practicable, and therefore appoint Drs. Wither- spoon, Jones, Rodgers, McWhorter, Smith, Messrs. Martin, Duffield, Alex- ander Miller, Israel Read, John Woodhull, and Nathan Kerr, a committee to meet with such committees as may be appointed by the Low Dutch Synod now sitting in New York, and by the Associate Synod, to meet in that city next week, at such time and place as may be agreed upon, to confer with the brethren of said Synods on this important suljject, and to concert such measures with them for the accomplishment of these great ends as they shall judge expedient, and report the same to the next meeting of this Synod. 1785.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 509 The above committee are also to do what may bo 'necessary on tbe business for which the committee first mentioned in this minute were appointed. Ordered, That Pr. llodgers give notice to the above committee of the time and place of their meeting. Adjom-ned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 19lh day, three oWoch, P. M. Postprcces sederunt qui sxqna. Mr. Hunter and Mr. Grier are now come, their reasons for not attending sooner, sustained. The clerks brought in, agreeably to the order of yesterday, a draught of a letter to be sent to the Presbyteries of Hanover, Orange, Suffolk, and Dutchess, which, after some amendments, was approved, and is as follows, viz : " It is with great concern the Synod have observed, that for several years past, very few members have attended from some of our distant Presbyteries ; and that some others have been entirely unrepresented in our meetings. They are very sensible that your great distance, and the diflSiculties of the times, have rendered an attendance very inconvenient ; but they cannot refrain from ex- pressing their apprehensions, lest, if such non-attendance continue, the mem- bers of the body may become entire strangers to each other, and the general interests of the churches under our care sustain damage, through want of pro- per information and joint counsel respecting the state of affairs in the various parts ; and, therefore, most earnestly request, that, as the difficulties which may for some time past have greatly obstructed are now happily removed, you will endeavour to have some of your members at each of our meetings, who may afford information of the state of the churches, and report to you such measures as may be devised for the general good. The Synod wish also to sug- gest their fears, lest a habit of neglect should be insensibly introduced, to the weakening of each other's hands, the discouraging the comparatively few that attend, and the great injury, if not entirely mouldering away of the body ; events, which they rest assured, you would by no means wish to take place, and will, therefore, they persuade themselves, endeavour, as far as in your power, to prevent. But should it at any time so happen, that it may not be in the power of any of your members to attend, (which it is hoped will be but very seldom the case, if due care be taken,) it will give the Synod great pleasure to hear from you by letter, of the state of your affairs, and the circumstances which shall have rendered it impracticable to attend. You will do us the justice to believe, that a sincere desire to promote your comfort and ours, and the prospe- rity of the churches committed to our common care, induces us thus earnestly to solicit your careful attention to this matter." Ordered, That a copy of said letter, signed by the moderator in the name of the Synod, be sent to each of those Presbyteries. The following question, referred to Synod by the Presbytery of Donegal for their decision, was brought in by the committee of overtures, viz : '' Whether, on full proof of adultery by one party, the Presbytery has a right to declare the marriage so far void as that the innocent party may marry again without being liable to church censure ?" And after some time spent in debating the case, it was moved and agreed, that each member should speak to the question in the order of the roll. After which the vote was put, and the question carried in the affirmative, by a small majority. Adjourned till to-morrow morning, at nine o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 510 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1785. 20th day, nine o^cloch, A. 31. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Samuel Doak, of Hanover Presbytery, is now come, his reasons for not attending for several years past, nor sooner now, were sustained. No report has been made from Hanover Presbytery. Mr. John Burton, who was reported by New York Presbytery to have been taken under their care, produced his testimonials, which were approved. The committee appointed yesterday, on a part of the report of New Castle Presbytery, brought in a draught, which was read and approved, and is as fol- lows, viz : " The Synod disapprove of the conduct of the Presbytery of New Castle, in striking the name of Mr. Montgomery oif their roll for the reasons given in their report, neither of which, nor both together, seem to be suflBcient ; and in future recommend to all Presbyteries, when any ministers under their inspection resign their charge, or discontinue the exercise of their office while they remain in the same bounds, to pass a regular judgment on the reasons given for such conduct ; and continue their inspection of those who shall not have deserved to be deprived of the ministerial character, though they may be laid aside from immediate usefulness. An application was made from the corporation of the widows' fund by a de- putation from that body, requesting the Synod to urge such of their members as have become contributors to the said fund, to be punctual in their payments, that the benevolent designs of the fund may not be prevented ; and to recommend it to such of their members, and especially those lately ordained, as have not become contributors and may yet be admitted, to apply as speedily as possible for that purpose, as the corporation have agreed that if the number of ministers contributing to the fund do not soon amount to a sufficiency for preserving the fund, they will be under the disagreeable necessity of admitting as many laymen as may be necessary to complete that number, at the same time fixing it as a rule to be invariably observed, to give a preference to ministers when any offer ; reserving always to young ministers the privilege of becoming contributors. The Synod agree to recommend, and do hereby recommend to all their mem- bers who have become contributors to the said fund, to observe the greatest punctuality in paying their annual rates, that the benevolent designs of the in- stitution may not be prevented ; and to such as have not already become contri- butors, and have it yet in their power, that they embrace without delay so fa- vourable an opportunity of providing for their families after their decease. The Synod also earnestly recommend to their Presbyteries to represent to young men that may be under their care, the advantage of becoming contributors, and to endeavour to engage them thereto. Dr. McWhorter obtained leave of absence for the remaining part of the sessions. Adjourned till three o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 20<^ day, three o'clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. Mr. Doak laid before Synod an application, signed by Messrs. Hezekiah Balch, Charles Cummings, and Samuel Doak, members of Hanover Presby- tery, requesting that that part of Hanover Presbytery lying south of New River, might be erected into a separate Presbytery, by the name of Abingdon Presbytery ; to be bounded by New River, on the side next to Hanover Pres- bytery, and by the Apalachian Mountains on the side next to Orange Presby- tery. A certificate of the concurrence of Hanover Presbytery with the above request being produced. 1785.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 511 Resolved, That the Synod grant the request ; and they do hereby constitute those members of Hanover Presbytery who are settled within the above de- scribed bounds to be a distinct Presbytery, to be known by the name of the Presbytery of Abingdon, and appoint their fu'st meeting to be held at Salem church, the first Tuesday of next August, and that Mr. Doak preside as mode- rator in the said meeting ; and that they make report to the Synod at our next session. Mr. Clark had leave to go home On motion, ordered, that Dr. Sproat, Mr. DuflSeld, and Mr. Daniel Jones, be a committee to revise the records of Synod from its earliest meeting, and point out such inaccuracies and improprieties as may occur, and select the re- gulations made by Synod from time to time, that they may be transcribed into a book to be provided for that purpose, and lay the whole before Synod at their next meeting. Adjourned till nine o'clock, A. M. to-morrow. Concluded with prayer. 21st day, nine o'chcJc, A. 31. Postpreces sederunt qui supra. An application was made from the Presbytery of New Castle for leave to ordain Mr. Barr, a licensed candidate under their care, in order that he may travel through the vacancies in the southern states, which was granted. Mr. John Hiddleson, an ordained minister from the Presbytery of Belfast, in Ireland, produced his credentials to the Synod, and prayed to be received into this body as a member of New Castle Presbytery. Ordered, That Dr. Witherspoon, Messrs. Robert Smith, John Miller, Mc- Farquhar, Cooper, and Woodhull, be a committee to examine into the authenti- city of the said credentials, and to enter into free conversation with the young gentleman, and to report their opinion upon the whole to the Synod on Monday morning. Ordered, That the Synod books of the old Synods of New York and Phila- delphia, before the union of the said Synods, as well as the Synod book of the united Synod of New York and Philadelphia, and all other necessary papers, be deposited in the hands of the stated clerk of the Synod, that it may be easy to have recourse to them on all occasions. Mr. William McKee, an ordained minister from the Presbytery of Belfast, in Ireland, who had been received as a member of the first Presbytery of Phila- delphia, produced his credentials to the Synod, agreeably to order, which being examined and approved, ]Mr. McKee took his seat in Synod as a member of said Presbytery. An overture was brought in, in the following terms, viz : " Whether in the present state of the church in America, and the scarcity of ministers to fill our numerous congregations, the Synod, or Presbyteries, ought therefore to relax, in any degree, in the literary qualifications required of intrants into the ministry ?'' And it was carried in the negative by a great majority. An appeal was brought in by Mr. Francis Hindman, from a judgment of the Presbytery of Donegal, expressed in the following words, viz : " 3Ir. Hindman having appealed from a judgment of the session of Han- over, because he was not regularly cited ; because the session did not take be- fore them the merits of the cause ; because he considered them as his accusers ; and because he was refused the privilege of introducing witnesses in his de- fence. The minutes of the session were read, and Mr. Hindman heard in sup- port of his appeal, and, upon a full view of the whole, the Presbytery are of opinion, that the reasons of the appeal are entirely unsupported ; that the pro- ceedings of the session were regular, and their judgment well founded j and 512 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1785. therefore judge, that the said Francis Hindman, before he be admitted to the distinguishing privileges of the church, shall publicly acknowledge his fault in treating the Rev. Mr. Woods, a member of Presbytery, and Mrs. Woods, his wife, in an injurious, abusive, and insulting manner ; profess his repentance for it, and be rebuked and admonished for the same in the presence of the con- gregation of Hanover on a Sabbath day after sermon. — Extract of the minutes of the Presbytery of Donegal. Joseph Henderson, Presbytery clerk. Mr. Hindman was called upon to produce to Synod the reasons of his appeal ; after a long and full hearing of which, the hearing of the Presbytery in justifi- cation of their decision, was deferred till Monday morning. Adjourned till JMonday morning ten o'clock. Concluded with prayer. 2Bd daj/, Monday, tm o'clocJc, A. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. The committee appointed to examine Mr. Hiddleson's credentials, and to converse with him, brought in their report in the following terms, viz. " Your committee report it as their opinion, that Mr. Hiddleson ought not, at present, to be annexed as a member, to any Presbytery belonging to your body ; but that, if he choose, he may be committed to the care of some Presbytery, who may proceed with him as they may judge best, and make report to the Synod at their next meeting :" which was approved. The afiair of Mr. Hindman's appeal was resumed; and after the minutes of the session of Hanover were read, together with the judgment of the Pres- bytery on the aflfair, and the Presbytery were heard in their defence, as also Mr. Hindman's reply, the Synod proceeded to consider the matter, and after some time spent in debating on the case, the question was put to affirm or re- verse the judgment of the Presbytery, and was carried to affirm it, by a very great majority. Adjourned till four o'clock, P. M. Concluded with prayer. 23<^ day, four o^ clock, P. M. Post preces sederunt qui supra. A motion was made and seconded, that no person be admitted on trials as a candidate for the ministry, until he shall have employed two years at least in the study of Divinity, after his having passed the usual course of a liberal edu- cation ; and after some time spent on the subject, the further consideration of it was deferred till our next meeting. On motion. Ordered, That it be enjoined, and it is hereby enjoined, on every Presbytery to subject every candidate on trials for the ministry, to an accurate examination on the discipline of the Presbyterian Church. On motion, Ordered, That Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Rodgers, Mr. Robert Smith, Dr. Alison, Dr. Smith, Messrs. Woodhull, Cooper, Latta, and Duffield, with the moderator, Mr. Wilson, be a committee to take into consideration the constitution of the church of Scotland, and other Protestant churches, and agreeably to the general principles of Presbyterian government, compile a sys- tem of general rules for the government of the Synod, and the several Presby- teries under their inspection, and the people in their communion, and to make report of their proceeding herein at'the next meeting of Synod. It was moved and seconded, that the Synodical clerk be required to trans- mit annually to each Presbytery belonging to the Synod, an attested copy of all general regulations of Synod, as well as of those that more immediately regard any Presbytery in particular, and that each Presbytery be required to enjoin on their clerk to furnish each member of the Presbytery with an au- thentic copy of the same, that by a general intelligence of the acts of the su- 1785.] NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. 513 preme judicature being thus communicated to all, the whole body may be brought to operate with concert and vigour, and that none may have ignorance as a plea for the neglect of duty. The consideration of this was deferred till our nest meeting. An overture was brought in, that for the better management of the churches under our care, this Synod be divided into three Synods, and that a General Synod, or Assembly, be constituted out of the whole. The Synod agree to enter on the consideration of this overture, on the first Friday after their next meeting, and appoint Dr. Smith to transmit a copy of this overture to such of the Presbyteries as are not at present represented in Synod, and earnestly urge their attendance at our next meeting. The Synod considering the education of youth, and their being early in- structed in just principles of religion, as one of the most useful means of pro- moting the influence of the gospel in our churches. Resolved, that it be en- joined on every Presbytery, in appointing supplies to their vacant congregations, to take order that every vacant congregation within their limits be carefully catechized at least once in the year, in the same manner as is required by the order of our church, in congregations supplied with regular pastors, and that the ministers appointed to this duty be required at the next meeting of the Presbytery, to render an account of their fidelity in this respect, and that the Presbyteries be required to render an account of their attention to this order at the next meeting of Synod. Resolved, also, that it be enjoined on all congregations to pay a special regard to the good education of children, as being intimately connected with the in- terests of morality and religion ; and that, as schools under bad masters, and a careless management, are seminaries of vice rather than of virtue, the session, cor- poration, or committee of every congregation, be required to endeavour to establish one or more schools in such place, or places, as shall be most conve- nient for the people ; that they be particularly careful to procure able and vir- tuous teachers ; that they make the erection and care of schools a part of their congregational business, and endeavour to induce the people to support them by contribution, being not only the most effectual, but, eventually, the cheapest way of supporting them; that the Presbyteries appoint particular members, or if possible committees, to go into vacant congregations to promote similar institutions; that the corporation, session, or committee of the congregation, visit the school, or schools, at least once in three months, to inquire into the conduct of the master, and the improvement of the children, and to observe particularly his care to instruct them, at least one day in the week, in the prin- ciples of religion; that the Presbyteries, in appointing ministers to supply vacant congregations, require it as an indispensable part of their duty, to visit at the same time the schools, and require at the next meeting of the Presby- tery, an account of their fidelity in this respect, and of the state of the schools j and that, in these schools effectual provision be made for the education of the children of the poor ; and that, at the visitations of the schools, one or two of the most ingenious and virtuous of the poor children be annually selected, in order to give them a more perfect education, and thereby qualify these inge- nious charity scholars, to become afterwards useful instructors in our congrega- tional schools. A motion was made in the following terms, viz. " Whereas the nearest uni- formity that is practicable in the external modes of Divine worship is to be desired, and the using different books of psalmody is matter of offence, not only to Presbyteriajis of different denominations, but also to many congregations un- der our care ; it is queried, if the Synod might not choose out, and order some of their number to take the assistance of all the versions in our power, and compose for us a version more suitable to our circumstances and taste than any 65 514 MINUTES OF THE SYNOD OF [1786, we yet have ', which, having been read, and seconded, after some conversation thereon, the question was put, whether to appoint a committee, or defer, and was carried by a small majority to appoint. Whereupon Dr. Alison, Dr. David- son, Dr. Ewing, Mr. Blair, and Mr. Jones, were appointed a committee for that purpose, who are to make report of their diligence herein at our next meeting. Adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. Concluded with prayer. 24