117 ‘ Tourist Guide Missions and I English Services Latin America Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/touristguidetomiOOfore THE CHRIST OF THE ANDES (See Page 23) Tourist Guide to Missionary Institutions and Religious Services in English In the Chief Cities of Latin America Presented by the Interdenominational Committee on the Religious Needs of Anglo-American Communities Abroad 1915 A FORMER PRESIDENT OF ARGENTINE: ‘‘The proud conquerors in iron mail who trod this part of America were very different from the Puritans who disembarked at Plymouth with no arms but the Gospel, no ambition but of founding a new community under the law of love and equality. Hence the Latin Republics stand in need of energy and perseverance to assimilate virtues which they did not inherit.'' HON. THEODORE ROOSEVELT: “I was immensely im- pressed with the improvement in the character of the natives who had been under missionary control. I wish it were in my power to convey my experience to those people — often well-meaning people — who speak about the inefficacy of for- eign missions. No more practical work, no work more pro- ductive of fruit for civilization could exist." HON. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT: “No man can study the movement of modern civilization from an impartial standpoint and not realize that Christianity and the spread of Christian- ity are the only bases for hope of modern civilization in the growth of popular self-government. In the progress of civil- ization you cannot overestimate the immense importance of Christian missions." LORD BRYCE: “Now, when old things are passing away, is the time for us to make the one supreme gift in which we believe the safety and future hope of the world lie, — a knowl- edge of the life and teaching of our Lord Jesus Christ. Let Christianity go as a beneficent power, with new thoughts and new hopes, to be a link between all the races of mankind." INTRODUCTORY This hand-book is prepared and presented by the Commit- tee on Anglo-American Communities Abroad, appointed by the Conference of all the Foreign Mission Boards of North America. The Committee’s task is to aid such communities to maintain union religious services and to facilitate the visiting of mis- sionary institutions by tourists. In many Latin-American and Oriental cities, there are large colonies of Americans and Euro- peans whose best element desires the services of the Christian Church in order to maintain a high religious and moral tone with the best traditions of the home land; tourists will be glad to know of and support these services where visitors are always cordially welcome. Many travelers wish to see something of the work of foreign missions and this booklet will direct them to the principal missionary operations in the commonly visited cities of Latin- America. The introductory pages are extracts from Dr. Arthur J. Brown’s ‘‘The Foreign Missionary” (Revell & Co.) and Dr. W. E. Browning’s pamphlet “Latin- America”. The Committee hopes to receive criticisms of this directory in order to improve future issues, and it will be glad to have suggestions as to the work of the Union Churches or the Missions. Tourists may obtain this directory free from the Commit- tee or at the following places: Mexico City, Havana and San Juan, Y. M. C. A.; Canal Zone, Union Church and Club Houses; Rio de Janeiro, Union Church and American Bible Society; Buenos Aires, Methodist Church and Y. M. C. A.; Valparaiso, Union Church and Y. M. C. A.; Lima, Evangelical Union Headquarters. For its work, the Committee is wholly dependent upon voluntary contributions from interested societies and individ- uals. Contributions and other correspondence should be ad- dressed to the Chairman at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. S. H. Chester, Alfred E. Marling, James Endicott, Wm. J. Schieffelin, J. Edgar Leaycraft, Robert E. Speer, Chairman, A MISSION HOSPITAL DR. CHARLES W. ELIOT: ^Trotestant missions perfectly illustrate in practical ways the Christian doctrine of universal brotherhood. The missions strengthened with medical mission- aries have been enabled to answer in the most effective way the question: ‘Who is my neighbor?’ They have not passed by on the other side: they have done exactly what Jesus told the lawyer to do: ‘Go and do thou likewise.’” HON. CHASE S. OSBORN : “In thirty years I have visited every autonomous country and every important colonial terri- tory in the world. When I started to travel, I was opposed to foreign mission work; as I saw what was being done, I began to change my opinion. I am now an enthusiastic sup- porter of foreign missions. It is the only way we are doing much of the world’s work.” CRITICIZING MISSIONS 7 V _ j CRITICIZING MISSIONS The variety and scope of the foreign missionary's work challenge all the ingenuity and strength of the ablest man; he must found not only churches with all their departments but hospitals, printing presses, kindergartens, colleges, orphanages, asylums and various other kinds of Christian and benevolent work; he must train up native preachers and teachers, erect buildings, translate and print books and tracts. The Gospel must be so presented as to touch the lives of men at many points, and they must be helped in making the adaptation to new conditions. In some lands, the missionary must even re- duce languages to writing and teach the men how to make clothing, build houses, develop industries and cultivate the soil, while his wife must show the women how to sew and to cook, to care for children and to make a decent home. Much of this work is done in unfavorable climates and amid conditions that tell heavily upon the strength and nerves. The typical hospital, with work enough for two or three physicians, has but one medical missionary. Schools, which at home would have half a dozen teachers, have but one or two. The ordained mission- ary must often unite the adaptability of a jack-of-all-trades to the functions of an archbishop. But the usefulness and unselfishness of the missionary’s work do not exempt him from criticism, nor should they. Any enterprise which depends upon public support is a fair object of criticism. Boards and missionaries have a right to insist that criticism 'shall be honest; but within that limit, any one has a right to scrutinize their methods and work and to express his conclusions with entire frankness. All of us should re- member, however, that the foreign missionaries are not soldiers amenable to military discipline, or mechanical instruments, but, like ourselves, are fallible men and women, who are scattered all over the world, whose acts often appear strange because determined by conditions which people at home do not under- CRITICIZING MISSIONS stand, and that some mistakes are inevitable when men of one race attempt to live among and influence those of a different race. We shall know everything and do things just right when we get to heaven; but on earth we must feel our way along, learn by experience and do our best. Men conducting home enter- prises often blunder, and the result is frequently waste, dupli- cation, and even failure. Why then should we demand perfec- tion of foreign missionaries, especially when their work is con- ducted under difficulties far more numerous and formidable? So may our criticism be reasonable and made with due regard to conditions. Some critics, of course, are opposed not merely to certain methods but to the essential character of the movement itself and they can hardly be considered fair critics; they will never be silenced, because they are inaccessible to the Christian argu- ment. Their criticisms have been demolished over and over again, but they reappear unabashed; even when their objec- tions are overcome, their opposition remains. This class will always ridicule the effort to propagate a religion which they do not practice. They do not confine their criticisms to the missionary, but sneer at churches at home. It does not neces- sarily follow that the criticisms of such men are entirely un- founded; but ‘flt is within the right of the missionary to protest against being arraigned by judges habitually hostile to him, and it is within the right of the public to scrutinize the pro- nouncements of such judgments with much suspicion.^’ Travel- ers and officials like Charles Darwin, Lord Lawrence, Sir Harry H. Johnston, Sir Robert Hart, Sir Mortimer Durand, the Hon. John W. Foster, the Hon. William Jennings Bryan, Mrs. Isa- bella Bird Bishop, the Hon. Charles Denby, and scores of others, have borne high testimony to the worth of missionaries. Those who do not confine their observations to tourist hotels or draw upon their imagination for facts, but who have eyes to see and ears to hear the mighty forces which are gradually in- augurating a new era abroad, report that the typical mission- ary is an educated, devoted man of the highest type of Chris- CRITICIZING MISSIONS 9 tian character, and that in the spirit of the Master he heals the sick, teaches the young, translates the Bible, creates a wholesome literature, and inculcates those great truths of the Christian religion to which our home lands owe whatever of true greatness they possess. Yes, there is much to be done in our own land, and charity begins at home. One might urge with equal truth that edu- A boys’ school in HAVANA cation begins with the alphabet; but it ends there only with the feeble-minded. A New York pastor says that we ought to give less for foreign missions and more for the conversion of ^‘the foreigners within the shade of our churches.” If, however, he had looked into the Report of the Charity Organi- zation of New York, he would have found a list of 3,300 religious and philanthropic agencies in his own city. In the United 10 CRITICIZING MISSIONS States there are about 200,000 Protestant churches, or one for every 380 of the non-Catholic population, one Protestant min- ister for 500, one Christian worker for 75, and one communicant for 4. Talk about the relative needs of the United States! In a town of 8,000 people, there are three Presbyterian, three United Presbyterian, three Methodist, two Episcopal churches, and one Christian Church. For every missionary the Church sends abroad, 'she holds fifty-four at home. A million Ameri- cans are engaged in distinctively religious work, about 150,000 of whom devote themselves to it as a separate profession. In the light of these facts, the statement that ^The Church can- not see the misery which is under her own nose at home” appears rather absurd. How is it abroad? In South America there is only one ordained missionary for 200,000 people; and in China, one for 400,000 ! Christ did not tell his dis- ciples to withhold His faith from other nations until they had converted Palestine; He told them to go at once into all the world and preach the Gospel to the whole creation; and it is because they obeyed that command that we have the Gospel to-day. It is the duty of American Christians to seek to con- vert America, but that is not their only duty. The Christian of to-day, like the Christian of the first century, has a God- ordained mission to the world which cannot wait upon the indifference or hostility of the people at home. It is difficult to understand how an American or European who inherits all the blessings of Christianity can deny them to the rest of the world. Our ancestors in the forests and swamps of northern Europe were low in the scale of civilization; Jerome wrote that '‘when a boy, living in Gaul, he beheld the Scots, a people of Britain, eating human flesh.” The Gospel of Christ brought us out of the pit of barbarism. Why should we doubt its power to do for other races what it has done for ours? The Church owes the world a chance. In spite of the advantages in Europe and America — his- toric associations, favorable public opinion, splendid churches, numerous workers — Christianity is making more rapid progress CRITICIZING MISSIONS 11 A PORTO RICAN CHAPEL cedented, a blessing. To talk of missionaries talk at once like an ignorant and faithless are the men that are turning the world right side up. on the foreign field than in the home field. No other work in the world is so suc- cessful and no other yields such large returns for the expenditure. ^‘To sneer at mis- sionaries/^ said Cannon Farrar, — ^^a thing so cheap and so easy to do — has always been the fashion of liber- tines and cynics and worldlings. So far from hav- ing failed, there is no work of God which has received so abso- lute, so unpre- as a failure is to man.’^ For they 12 FINANCING MISSIONS FINANCING MISSIONS It 'should be borne in mind at the outset that the principle is support, rather than compensation, of missionaries. Inquiry is made as to the cost of a reasonably comfortable living and a sum EARNING WHILE LEARNING is assigned that covers that cost. The amount varies in different fields, as the cost of living varies. A married man gets more than a single man and the birth of a child brings a small additional FINANCING MISSIONS 13 allowance, usually $100 a year. No distinction is ever made on the ground of relative ability or responsibility; the most famous preacher, the president of a great university, and the superintendent of the largest hospital, receive precisely the same salary as the humblest member of the mission. The average salary is about $650 for a single missionary and $1,200 for a married one; house accommodations are provided in addi- tion. The scale of support can cover only reasonable needs; and while ministers in this country may look forward to an increase, sometimes to large figures, the most eminent foreign missionary expects only modest maintenance to the day of his death. Other foreigners in non-Christian lands are paid far more liberally than missionaries. If ^^missionaries live in lux- ury’^ in such circumstances they must be remarkable financiers. A few, of course, use private means. The fact is that the mis- sionary is seldom able to save anything, and if he breaks down, he becomes dependent. Globe-trotters, who have eagerly accepted missionary hos- pitality, have sometimes been guilty of base ingratitude in their accounts of it. Oppressed by their loneliness and hungry for tidings from the homeland, the missionary and his wife heart- ily welcome the visitor, and, in honor of the occasion, bring out their little household treasures, put on their best clothes, and prepare a dinner far better than they , ordinarily have or than they can really afford. Then the guest goes away to prate about the extravagance of the missionaries! Some missionaries, who do not believe in boards or fixed salaries, have gone out independently, with the intention of supporting themselves by some kind of work, or of subsisting on the direct, ’spontaneous gifts of individuals or local churches at home. The results have usually been disastrous. Dr. Law- rence said it seemed to him ^That India was literally ’strewn with the wrecks of mission work begun by independent mission- aries, but for one reason and another abandoned.’^ Much the same is proving true elsewhere. A missionary without means cannot reasonably expect the poverty-stricken natives to sup- 14 FINANCING MISSIONS port him. If he supports himself, he must toil in a way that will undermine his health, secularize his life, and probably ex- pose him to the charge of mercenary motives. If he depends upon a salary from home, a board is the best agency for its collection and payment. A missionary once declined to receive further salary from his board on the ground that the Holy Spirit had directed him ^^to trust the Lord to 'support him by the voluntary gifts of his people.’’ Such a statement indi- cates a confusion of ideas. Does not the Lord provide the money that His people send through a Board? It is not a question whether a missionary shall receive money for his support; it is whether he shall receive it in the orderly way that the people of God, led by His spirit, have instituted. A Christian worker who refuses a 'salary either receives a larger sum than he ought to have, or he receives less than he ought to get, with the attendant injury to his own health and wrong to those who are dependent upon him. It appears reasonable that the home Church ought to send and maintain a missionary, unless he has a personal income that suffices for his wants, and that gifts for his support should be sent through the established agency of the Church to which he belongs. Faith and piety are consistent with common sense and co-operative endeavor. We believe that the only sound principle, both in faith and in business, is that the Church should, through a duly constituted board, assume responsibility for the 'support of the missionaries that it sends out. When God calls men to go. He calls His people to send. If there is financial risk to be taken, the Church, as a whole, should bear it, and each member should assume his share. ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON: ‘^Those who censure missions have only one thing to do — to come and see them on the spot.” HON. JOHN W. FOSTER: ^‘My observation and experience have greatly impressed me with the salutary influence of Chris- tian missions.” THE LAND 15 LATIN-AMERICA The Land Latin-America, stretching from the Rio Grande to Cape Horn and including three islands in the West Indies, is that part of the world which is least known and least under- stood. ^^The Neglected Continent^^ unknown and unappreci- ated by the rest of the busy world, lies to the far South, en- tirely off the usual lines of travel. Our American tourists are more ubiquitous than those of any other country, but few of them swing to the South to make a personal acquaintance with the lands and peoples where the Southern Cross blazes overhead, the Fourth of July is celebrated in mid- winter, and Christmas in the heat of summer. The lack of great diplomatic problems has also contributed toward keeping Latin-America a land of mystery. We have comparatively little commerce below the Rio Grande, and our benevolent Monroe Doctrine has prevented the European powers from making there a battle- ground for new territory. Latin-America has three times the area of our own coun- try, instead of being as some one has expressed it, ‘^a mere hand- ful of little warring republics. There is a larger habitable area in the Southern than in the Northern Continent. South America is also East of North America. One result of this easting of South America is the placing of its Eastern coasts near the markets and influences of the old world; another is the making of almost a direct route from New York to the West Coast of South America. Panama lies two thousand miles almost due South of New York, and Valparaiso, the principal western port, three thousand miles south of Panama, exactly in the longitude of Boston. And here it may be said, as we think of the probable influence of the Panama Canal on our commercial relations with South America, that our ex- ports to the Latin republics are $200,000,000 a year less than they succeed in 'selling us. Brazil is as large as the whole of Europe. The Amazon offers to the world 50,000 miles of navigable water, with vast 16 THE LAND A PUBLIC PARK IN PARA unexplored districts. This land of “magnificent distances'’ has a population of between fifteen and twenty millions. Across the Rio de la Plata, the Silver River, lies one of the most inter- esting of nations, the Argentine Rejmblic, It embraces all kind's of climate and life; savage Indians hunt with primitive weapons the jaguar and the puma; great pampas support untold herds of cattle and fields of grain; a splendid capital of 1,600,000 inhabitants presents the comforts and commodities, the virtues and the vices of all great cosmopolitan capitals; barren steppes reach down to Magellan’s Straits where a few Indians still manage to live. No country gives promise of a more splendid future than does this Granary of Europe. THE LAND 17 Chile y whose inhabitants are known as ^^the Yankees of South America’^ stretches along the Western Coast almost three thousand miles. The wonderful nitrate beds have poured into the coffers of the State more than $425,000,000 in gold. Boliviay ^^the Hermit Republic’^ shares with Paraguay the doubtful advantage of having no coast line to protect in case of war; above La Paz lies a great inland sea, as high as the Jungfrau, as large as Lake Erie. Here are the wonderful temples of the pre-Incan civilization, an inexplainable mys- tery, the builders being entirely unknown. Peru was the goal of the ambitions of the Spanish conquistadores, who with sword on hip and cross in hand, expected to find gold as common as coal. There may still lie hidden here riches that excel the world^'s widest dreams. Ecuador and the two larger republics, Venezuela and Colombia, should be the first to receive new impulses from the Panama Canal, but many years must pass before they rank with the republics of the south. To the north and west of Panama lie the five small Central American Republics and the ancient empire of Aztecs, Mexico. These six republics should be pros- perous nations but they lack those great moral qual- ities that alone can make a nation permanently great. It may well be doubted whether the Indians and peons, who form the bulk of the population, have any better conception of God and of life present and to come, after almost four hundred years of Latin rule, than had the ancient Aztecs when the A LITTLE BRAZILIAN 18 THE PEOPLE hosts of Montezuma were overwhelmed by the free-booters from Spain. The three small republics of the West Indies, lying close to our own shores, are more intimately known. The People The inhabitants of Latin-America may be divided into three classes : the Indians, the lower or peon class, descended from Latin ancestors, though often mixed with Indian blood, and the aristocratic, landed class. The Indians are to be found in diminishing numbers, from the Rio Grande to Cape Horn; the total number is largely a matter of conjecture, though fifteen millions is probably the RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION BY INDIANS maximum. Some tribes, as yet untouched by the white man’s civilization, lead a savage life, even to the practice of cannibal- ism on their conquered foes. Indians are still bought and sold as slaves, and recent investigations have revealed atrocities that equal the crimes committed on the Congo. While men and even women, will leave home and risk almost certain disease and probable death in their pursuit of the yellow lure, few are to be found who will go into those fever-infected THE PEOPLE 19 districts in order to carry to the silent, suffering, dark-’skinned children of the tropics, the story of which they have never heard. Only a few sporadic attempts are being made by Protestant churches to reach and evangelize this Indian popu- lation. We do not have to leave our own hemisphere to find pagans — millions of them — sitting on our own doorstep. The missionary world has no greater need to-day than messengers to carry the Light to these millions of fellow-Americans who are born and live in depressing, pagan darkness and go down to death with no knowledge of the life beyond or of the Christ who died to open wide its portals. Slightly above the Indian comes the peon class. In many cases, the blood of old Spain has been mixed by Indian infusion. The result is a race of men that can stand the hardest work, live on the most meagre diet in the midst of squalor and filth indescribable, and at the same time look out on life with a fatalistic resignation that has rarely, if ever, been equalled in the history of the human race. Neither Church nor State has, to any extent, interested itself in bettering their condition. In the foul atmosphere of filthy tenements, in the thatched hovels of villages and farms, in bamboo huts along great rivers men and women cohabit and families are brought into being, with no sanction or hindrance on the part of civil or ecclesias- tical authorities. Many landed proprietors of Latin-America do not favor the education of its laboring class, the Helot of modern times; but there are signs that these oppressed human beings are beginning to awake and to feel their enor- mous possibilities. Between this lower working class and the upper ruling class there is a great gulf fixed which, with difficulty, is crossed, save on a bridge of gold. The land and the wealth of most communities are in the hands of a few; Chile’s tillable soil is held by seven per cent, of the population. With this wealth goes also a large degree of culture and luxury. There are splendid mansions; parents and children have traveled and it is no unusual accomplishment to speak facilely three or more 20 THE NEED foreign tongues. The toilettes and the carriages of the evening drive in many capitals compare very favorably with those seen in the Bois de Boulogne or Central Park. The two extremes of poverty and wealth exist side by side, but there is no bond of union between them. The negro of the United States occupies a position of greater promise among his white neighbors than does the lower class Latin among those of his own blood and color. The peon’s life is atune to a minor note and he sings a miserere more often than a jubilate. The Need The question is often asked, ‘‘Are missionaries do- ing a legitimate and necessary work in Latin- America?” Tour- ists will see something of the needs there and will thus know the urgency with which Christian work is required. The great need of the 70,000,000 Latin- Americans is the Word of God. “The South American religion is the one religion in the world which has no Sacred Book for the people. In China, the great ambition for cen- turies has been to master the Classics. In Moslem lands an ideal of the educated man is to be able to read the Koran in Arabic. Hin- dus and Buddhists have their sacred books open A PEON MOTHER AND CHILD to all. But in South THE NEED 21 America we have the phenomenon of a land with its sacred Scriptures sealed to the people.’^ Because of the ignorance of the Scriptures the people have no clear vision of either God the Father or of Christ the Saviour, Master and Friend. For this common need of all the world, Latin-America has practically no supply. A large percentage of the educated men of South America are atheists; they have sought to help in philosophy, only to end in blank agnosticism. ^‘Both the intellectual life and the ethical standards of these countries seem to be entirely divorced from religion. The men of the upper or educated class appear wholly indifferent to theology and to Christian worship. It has no interest for them; they think it does not concern them and may be left to women and peasants. The absence of a religious foundation for thought and conduct is a grave misfortune for Latin- America.”* The number of illiterates in Latin-America is so appalling that there can be no question as to the need of missionary schools. Some of the more advanced governments under the lead of liberal statesmen have sought help from foreign edu- cators and have established modern systems of education that promise better things for the coming generations. But even the two most advanced republics of South America still report that sixty per cent, of their population is illiterate. Others, as Bolivia and Ecuador, have as high as eighty-five per cent, of illiterates. Any exact percentage of illiterates for Latin- America cannot be determined, but it is probably not far from seventy-five per cent, of the entire population. Some of the most backward republics of Latin-America are now trying to shake off this incubus of ignorance and are engaging foreign teachers for the reorganization of their school ’system. Bolivia, a few years ago, offered a Presbyterian missionary the posi- tion of head of its educational department with full powers. Ecuador called in a Methodist preacher to help in its Normal schools, and Peru is to-day utilizing American educators in * Bryce, ''South America,'" page 582. 22 THE NEED the state schools. The stimulus and model for education every- where are the missionary schools. The social condition of Latin-America is a theme of which one hesitates to write. The whole structure of social and com- mercial life stands upon an insecure basis; widespread dis- trust makes life dark and progress difficult. The awful results of impurity may be judged from the large number of illegitimate births. Blasphemy is too common; sacred names have come to have no sacredness. Elections and bull-fights are scheduled for Sundays, and in some cities the races are prohibited on other days. These are some of the conditions that make imperative Evangelical missionary effort in those lands. The responsibil- ity for bettering the conditions rests in an unusual degree with the churches of the United States and Can- ada. The sphere of the influence of Euro- peans is largely lim- ited to commercial con- quests that only too often mean the de- spoiling of the native races and an unpar- donable waste of natu- ral resources; the for- eign merchant is little interested in improv- WAITING FOR A SCHOOL ing moral conditions. Britain in a single year takes out of South America in profits more than all Europe and America combined contribute to the moral and spiritual uplift of the Latin peoples in a century! The Panama Canal has made still more direct our respon- sibility for the intellectual, moral and spiritual advance of those seventy millions of fellow- Americans, — territorial and com- mercial hegemony being also hegemony of moral responsibility. THE NEED 23 When Chile and the Argentine made a treaty of peace after decades of national misunderstandings, they erected on their common frontier a gigantic statue of the Prince of Peace. On the pedestal they inscribed these words: ^‘Sooner shall these mountains crumble into dust than Chileans and Argentines break the peace which, at the feet of Christ the Redeemer, they have sworn to maintain.” When they came to set up this statue, they had to decide this question. How should the face of Christ be turned? They turned His face to the north. And there stands to-day the ^^Christ of the Andes^^ with the upborne Cross and the uplifted hand, as though He were looking and waiting for the help that must come from His disciples in the great Northland. Around Him, in mountain fastnesses, on plateaus, among the valleys, out on the broad plains and along those splendid rivers, await, too, the people of Latin- America. The silent, impassive Indian, still bearing his burden of centuries, and the impulsive, light- hearted, lovable Latin, in city and village and hamlet, await the help that must come from their fellow-Americans of the north. ANGLICAN BISHOP OF ARGENTINE: ^‘The needs of South America, — how great and pathetic they are ! The world’s empty continent, the hope of the future, is without true religion. Of what use are vast material resources, rapid development, wealth, power, without that? Surely God has a place in the world for these brilliant Southern races. Our own people, the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking peoples, and the aboriginal Indian races need Scriptural, Apostolic Christianity if their future is not to be a disappointment and their development a failure.” LORD ROBERTS: ^^Some object to Christian Missions in ignorance of their real value. Most missions will bear looking into; if you will do this, you will never afterwards condemn or belittle them.” 24 STATEMENT STATEMENT (CONDENSED) ADOPTED BY A CONFERENCE ON LATIN-AMERICA, NEW YORK, MARCH, 1913 This Conference desires to record its conviction that the Mission Boards of North America should as speedily as pos- sible give more earnest and generous assistance to the people of Mexico, Central and South America, Cuba and Porto Rico in their work of intellectual, moral and spiritual development. Latin- America presents a situation different in many respects from that presented by the non-Christian peoples of Asia and Africa where we find ethnic faiths entrenched behind the sanc- tions of many centuries of national thought and practice. In Latin- America is no great, non-Christian religious system. We find that religious indifference, agnosticism and infidelity, espe- cially in the more enlightened countries, have laid a strong hand upon most of the people; moreover, there are several mil- lions of unevangelized Indians and other native peoples, who are as pagan as any tribes in the heart of Africa; their need of the Gospel is the same. These patent facts call loudly upon Christian communions to more worthy effort to aid the people of Latin- America : 1. Millions of people are without the Gospel to-day; 2. The percentage of illiteracy is from 50 per cent, to 85 per cent.; 3. The percentage of illegitimacy is appallingly high; 4. Agnosticism, if not infidelity, almost universally pre- vails in all the universities. In undertaking a more vigorous and adequate work in Latin-America, we are sure that the Missions will continue to display an irenic and constructive spirit. We urge that, wher- ever possible, the largest practicable measure of interdenomina- tional co-operation be employed. May we not endeavor to avoid the mistake of perpetuating among Latin peoples the inherited divisions of the past with their resulting weakness? Let us be constrained by the power and pathos of prayer of our Lord ‘‘that they all may be one that the world may believe.’^ Eugene R. Hendrix, James B. Rodgers, John W. Wood, W. F. Oldham, Committee , MEXICO 25 MEXICO There were missionary beginnings during the sixties at Monterrey and Mexico City. In the early seventies a number of strong American Boards entered the field. The progressive and liberal administration of General Porfirio Diaz began in 1876; the guarantees of liberty of worship were safeguarded and the people were very friendly toward mission work; schools and hospitals proved especially welcome, and the evangelistic A PRE-HISTORIC PYRAMID work resulted in many conversions. When the disorders mark- ing the close of the Diaz administration began (1911) there was a Protestant membership of more than 25,000, a constituency of perhaps five times as many, and an investment of hundreds of thousands of dollars in schools, churches, residences, hos- pitals, presses and other properties, located in the principal cities and towns of the republic. Thousands of English-speak- ing people, mostly Americans, were living in the country, for whom schools and worship in English were conducted in most large cities. The American or English traveler could attend church almost anywhere he chanced to spend Sunday. Under normal conditions the following cities have strong evangelistic and educational work in Spanish, and usually Sun- day Services in English: entering via Laredo — Monterray, Sal- 26 MEXICO AN OAXACA MAIDEN tillo, San Luis Potosi, Queretero, Mexico City, where a Union Church is con- ducting its helpful work in the Anglo- American colony even during these troubled times; via Eagle Pass — Piedras Negras, Torreon, Durango; via El Paso — Chihuahua, Parral, Zacatecas, Aguas Calientes, Leon, Guanajuato, Guadala- jara; also at the Port of Vera Cruz, Jalapa, Orizaba and Puebla on the way to Mexico City, and Cuernavaca and Pachuca, near Mexico; also at the Port of Tampico, Victoria and Linares. Now, 1915, much is changed. Along with other citizens of the United States, many of the missionaries, under orders from their government, have reluctantly left the country. A good deal of the educational work has been discontinued while all kinds of institutional work has been seriously affected. The Mexican preachers and teachers have faithfully endeavored to maintain uninterrupted work even during the worst part of the revolution. Mission buildings and equip- ment are intact, as all factions in the political strife have shown marked re- spect for the missionaries and their work. It will be easy to resume more active operations when the atmosphere clears; most observers are of the opin- ion that following this period of inter- ruption there will be even increased ap- preciation of evangelical institutions, especially of schools. MEXICO 27 Any presentation, therefore, of the work as it now is would give a most inadequate conception of what has been done and of what may yet be expected. Another aspect of the Mexican situation, rendering inopportune a directory of mis- sionary operations just at present should be mentioned. The majority of the Boards operating in that country, recognizing the fact that improvement was possible in the method of occu- pation of the field, are taking advantage of the present enforced lull to effect readjustment. It is to be hoped that Mexico, a country so interesting and so beautiful, so well worth visit- ing and accessible, and so needy of a helping hand, will not keep its doors closed to the world much longer by reason of family infelicities. Conditions in Mexico present an unavoid- able challenge to the Christians of America. LEARNING BY DOING IN A MISSION SCHOOL 28 CUBA CUBA Dating from the close of the Spanish- American War, vari- ous American Evangelical Churches began systematic mission- ary work. The agencies employed have been colportage, preach- ing and Sabbath and day schools. The first places to be occu- pied were the six provincial capitals and from these the work has spread gradually into the smaller towns until now every center of importance has its chapel and Sabbath School. Care has been taken to prevent over-lapping and waste of effort. The Northern Baptists and the Methodists have well equipped DELIVERING WATER IN CUBA co-educational colleges. All the denominations have flourish- ing day schools, many of which offer an education far in advance of the public schools. Sunday Schools and Young People’s Societies abound and their delegates meet annually in a convention which does much to effect solidarity among the Missions and to elevate the character of the work. All the Missions are training with care a native ministry and insistence is maintained on self-support. HAVANA Protestant organizations have valuable, centrally located properties, from which, as centers, work is carried on CUBA 29 in about twenty points in the city and suburbs. Progress is steady and sure, if not rapid. The first evangelical church in the city was erected in 1906. Services in English : BajMst Church, Zulueta y Dragones, Sundays, 10:15 a.m. ; Episcopal Church, Neptuno 56, Sundays, 10:30 a.m.; Methodist Church, Industria 82 (upstairs), Sun- days, 10:15 a.m. and Mondays, 8:00 p.m. ; Presbyterian Church, Salud 40, Sundays, 10:00 a.m. Spanish work is conducted in all of these churches. Institutions: Cuban American College (Southern Baptist), Zulueta y Dragones; The Cathedral Schools (Episcopal), for boys and girls, at Paseo and Calle 15, Vedado; Candler College (Methodist), at Puentes Grandes, — take Vedado car to Car Station, change to Marianao car; get off at Candler College Station; Southern Methodist School, Virtudes No. 12; Presby- terian School, Soledad No. 28; Young Men’s Christian Associa- tion, new building, at Egido 12, which is always open. MATANZAS In this city, with its 40,000 inhabitants, there are five Protestant Churches: Baptist, corner of Rida and Saragosa Streets; Disciples, Milanes and Segundo de Mayo Streets; Episcopal, 60 San Juan de Dois Street; Methodist (South), corner of Saragosa and Manzana Streets; Presbyterian, 121/2 Isabel Primera Street. Services in English: From November first until April first there are English services at 10:00 a.m. on Sundays in the Presbyterian Church, Versalles, front of the Quartel. Institutions: Methodist College on Simpson Hill near the ^^Quinta Metodista.’’ CARDENAS There are four denominations in this city, viz.: Southern Presbyterians, the first to establish Protestant work in 1899, on Fourth Avenue, corner Thirteenth Street; the Meth- odist (South), at First Avenue and Thirteenth Street; the Southern Baptist, at Fourth Avenue and Fifteenth Street, and the Episcopal, 30 CUBA Institutions: ''La Progressiva'' (Presbyterian School), Eighth Avenue corner Thirteenth Street; this school has the largest LITTLE CUBANS STARTING RIGHT matriculation of any school on the Island. "Jose Marti" (Bap- tist School), No. 335, Laborde Street. Industrial Orphan Home, Tenth Avenue and Twentieth Street. CUBA 31 CIENFUEGOS Protestant work in this city was begun in 1888, but the Spanish War came on, the church was scattered, and when missionaries entered later the work had to be begun practically anew. Services in English: Methodist Church, Independencia Street, corner Santa Cruz, Sundays, 9:30 a.m. Churches: Baptist, corner Independencia and Castillo; Epis- copal, corner Tacon and Lamar; Methodist, corner Independen- cia and Santa Cruz; Presbyterian, Independencia No. 85. Institutions: Eliza Bowman College for Girls, Independencia No. 89, a Boarding and Day School for girls and young ladies under the Women^s Council of the Methodist Church South; El Salvador College (Presbyterian), Independencia No. 85. SANTIAGO The work of the Evangelical Churches here, though established only a few years ago, is rapidly winning the respect of all classes. Steady progress is being made in the matter of membership and spirituality. The Baptist and Meth- odist denominations have large and centrally located churches and there are also Episcopal and Independent Missions. Ser- vices in Spanish are held in all of the churches at 7:30 Sunday evenings and also certain other days of the week. All of the pastors speak English. Services in English: Episcopal Church, Reloj, baja. No. 3, Sundays, 4:00 p.m. ; Methodist Church, corner Lacret and Bar- tolome Masso Streets, Sundays, 4:30 p.m. Churches: Apostolic Holiness, San Carlos alto 18; Baptist, corner Rosado and Jose A. Saco Streets; Episcopal, Reloj, baja. No. 3, Methodist, Lacret, alta, 5%. Institutions: Marti Institute (Baptist), corner of Pio Rosada and Saco Streets; Episcopal School, 74 Santa Ines Street; Las Buenas Nuevas, San Carlos, alta. No. 18. At El Cristo, twelve miles from Santiago, on the Central Railroad, is the center of the Northern Baptist educational work, with the best equipped Evangelical College on the Island. 32 HAITI— PORTO RICO HAITI SANTO DOMINGO PORT-AU-PRINCE Services in English: Anglican Church, Rue des Casernes, 4:00 p.m., Sundays; Wesleyan Methodist Church, Rue de la Revolution, 3:00 p.m., Sundays; African Methodist Church, 3:00 p.m., Sundays. A visit will reveal the unusual didiculties under which the missionaries are laboring. CAPE HAITI Services in English: Wesleyan Church, near the American Consulate, Sundays, 9 :30 a.m., preaching; 2 :00 p.m. Sunday School; BajHist Church, at the same time as the Wes- leyan, but owing to a recent fire they have no permanent church home; Seventh Day Adventist Church, near the Port Office, Sat- urdays, 10:00 a.m.; Sabbath School, 11:00 a.m.; preaching, 5:00 p.m. SAN PEDRO DE MACROIS, SANTO DOMINGO and PUERTA PLATA are centers which present difficult problems for missionary endeavor. The field is a very hard and needy one and the various Baptist, Methodist and Moravian workers should have all the encouragement that travelers can give. PORTO RICO Protestant Missions in Porto Rico date from the year of the American occupation, 1898. Until that time religious liberty DENOMINATIONAL ZONES OF INFLUENCE IN PORTO RICO PORTO RICO 33 was unknown and there was not a single native Protestant organization on the Island. The first building erected after the American occupation was the Presbyterian Church in San- turce, a suburb of San Juan. Any study of Porto Rico that fails to take into account the mission work of Evangelical churches would be entirely inadequate. Some histories scarcely mention this, one of the greatest forces that have been introduced into the Island, so they fail to make clear a chief cause of the great changes that have occurred. The larger towns were fixed as mission centres and from these radiated the numerous lines of work. The effect of these centres manned by Americans speaking Spanish and teaching a strong and upright life by precept and example can never be properly estimated. By a very happy agreement the Island was divided among the various Evan- gelical bodies so that there might be no overlapping of work. (See map.) In addition to the evangelistic activities there has been much educational work done; tourists will be especially inter- ested in the institutions mentioned below. The spirit of union is popular; three denominations, Presbyterian, United Breth- ren and Congregational, join in the publication of a church paper and the work of a Training School for native ministers, which is situated at Mayaguez. There is one other school of even more inter-denominational character, the Polytechnic In- stitute of San German; its beautiful location and efficient work merit a visit from every tourist in the Island. SAN JUAN San Juan, being the capital as well as the larg- est city, early became an important center for six denomina- tions. The district is very large and populous and there is no over-lapping of work. Services in English: Episcopal^ Cristo Street, No. 24, Sun- days, 8:00 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. ; Lutheran, Luna Street 38, Sundays, 7:30 p.m.; Methodist, Stop 11, Santurce, Sundays, 11:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.; Presbyterian, Allen Street 10, Sun- days, 11:00 a.m., Wednesdays, 8:00 p.m. 34 PORTO RICO Churches: Baptist, San Francisco and Tanca Streets; Epis- copal, Stop 7; Methodist, 18 General Contrar; Presbyterian Church and Settlement, 10 Allen Street. THE FIRST WASHBOARD Institutions: Kellogg Institute (Congregational), Stop 22 V 2 ; Robinson Orphanage (Methodist), Stop 46, Condado; Presby- terian Hospital, Stop 46, Condado; O^Neill Memorial Settlement, 10 Allen Street; Young Men's Christian Association, Stop 1, Military Road; '‘El Defensor Cristiano" (Periodical of Metho- dist Church), Stop 6; “El Evangelista" (Periodical of the Bap- tist Church), Baptist Church, San Francisco Street. RIO PIEDRAS Situated about seven miles from San Juan and connected with that city by trolley, this is the seat of the Island University. The Baptists are at work here and have a fine cement chapel on Brombaugh Street where services are held both in Spanish and English, the English Services being held on Sundays at 11:00 a.m. while the English Sabbath School meets at 9:30 a.m. In addition, the Baptists have a training PORTO RICO 35 school for the Christian Ministry, the academic work being done at the University. Services in English: Episcopal Church, 29 Marina Street, Sundays, 7:00, Commun- ion; 9:00 a.m., Sunday School; 10:00 a.m., preach- ing; 8:00 p.m.. Evensong; Friday, 8:00 p.m., Litany; Methodist Church, Villa Street, Sundays, 10 :30 a.m. Churches : Baptist, cor- ner Simon Moret and Bertoli Streets ; Chris- tian, corner Vives and Union Streets; Episcopal, 29 Marina Street; Metho- dist, Villa Street; United Brethren, corner Marina and Jobo Streets. Institutions: St. Luke's Memorial Hospital, Epis- copal, located to the northwest of the city; Puerto Rico Evangelico Printing Plant (Interde- nominational), 7 Jobo Street. MAYAGUEZ One of the strongest missions in the Island is found here, though only two denomi- nations are represented, the Presbyterian and Epis- copal. The Presbyterians maintain a large evangelistic work and several interesting institutions. A NATIVE NURSE 36 PORTO RICO— VENEZUELA Services in English: St, Andrew’s Chapel (Episcopal), Laber- into and Salud Streets, Sundays, 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m.; Central Presbyterian, Mendez Vigo and Barcelona Streets, Sun- days, 11:00 a.m. Mission Churches: Ejnscojml, Laberinto and Salud Streets; La Marina Mission (Presbyterian), La Marina Street; Central Presbyterian Mission, Settlement and Medical Mission, Mendez Vigo and Barcelona Streets. Institutions: (Presbyterian) La Marina School, La Marina Street; Theological Training School, Mendez Vigo No. 67; Rye Hospital, Barcelona Street; Day Nursery, Concordia Street, La Marina; Episcoj)al School, Salud. AGUADILLA This is the historic place where Columbus is supposed to have first landed. A large Presbyterian Church, near the Plaza, is the center of a large district. In the Playa, The Pueblo Neuvo School, day and industrial, is maintained. BAYAMON The Lutherans and Disciples of Christ divide the work of this important commercial center, the former being located at the corner of Marti, Maceo and Monserate Streets, and the latter on Porto Rico Street. In addition to evangelistic work, the Disciples of Christ maintain an orphanage for both boys and girls near the city on the Corozal Road. VENEZUELA CARACAS The Church of the Redeemer, 24 West Second Street, is a Mission of the Presbyterian Church which has been at work here since 1897. In addition to the missionaries, there are two native workers. There is a good attendance at the services although numerous adherents have not yet professed their faith. A high 'school for girls is taught mostly by natives who have studied in the Mission Schools; industrial work is a feature; the embroidery and lace made in this school are very fine and can be obtained at the Mission House. (Directions for guides and carriage drivers. No. 24 Padre Sierra y Munoz.) The Christian Missionary Alliance has a temporary hall VENEZUELA 37 at Cuartel Viejo (corner) and a Chapel with Bap- tistry in the sub- urbs. They have also a Day School for girls and boys. I N S T I TUTIONS : Colegio Ameri- cano, for girls and young wom- en, Pedrera a la Gorda. This is a High School where tuition is paid by pupils ; it was estab- lished in 1899 and has done efficient work. At ''He- THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS AT CARACAS bron”, in the mountains, is a school for train- ing young men for colporteur work. The school has land for cultivation and the pupils are taught practical gardening for a part of their support. This school employs one missionary, one farmer (English), one workman and the students. It is accessible by rail but requires from Caracas nearly a day to go and return. A Depository of the American Bible Society is located at Cuartel Viejo (corner) . MARACAIBO The Scandinavian Mission has six missionaries, three in Maracaibo and three at Rubio. There is a press pub- lishing ^‘La Estrella’’ (Morning Star). The Plymouth Breth- ren hold services in a private dwelling. 38 BRAZIL BRAZIL In this country, which occupies one-half of the continent, the oldest form of permanent Protestant work is the Church of England, which dates back to 1810. Lutheran Church wor- ship was introduced with the coming of the first German col- onists in the period of 1820-25; Lutherans are numerous in the southern states. The present form of Protestant work in the Portuguese language dates from the year 1858. In all there are about 250 foreign and 375 native workers engaged in various forms of Evangelical effort. The most prominent and successful methods of work are the regular preaching of the Gospel, the circulation of the Scriptures and other religious literature, and primary and secondary schools. There is now some form of Protestant work carried on in each of the twenty states and in the Federal District, though the forces are by no means ade- quate to the demands and there are millions yet untouched by Christian influences. The native Indian population, scattered through the great interior of the country, affords a large, open field for missionary cultivation; up to the present, no Protestant work of a permanent nature has been done there. In many towns which travelers do not ordinarily visit there are impor- tant missionary institutions, as, for instance: the Evangelical College (Presbyterian), at Lavras, and Granbery College, the Girls School and the Publishing House (all Methodist), at Juiz de Fora, and others. PARA The missionaries at Para and Manaos have at times held services in English for foreign residents but climatic and other conditions have not been conducive to the permanent residence of Anglo-Saxons. Services in English: Church of England, Nazareth, Sundays, 10:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Churches: Baptist, Sao Jeronymo; Methodist, Sao Jeronymo, 219. PERNAMBUCO The missionaries have occasional services in English in their halls and private houses. BRAZIL 39 GIVING STREET CHILDREN A CHANCE Services in English: Church of England, Formosa, Sundays, 10:45 a.m. and 8:30 p.m. Churches: Presbyterian, near Center of City; Baptist, Rua Formosa 21; Congregational or Independent, Rua Nova. Institutions: Baptist School, Rua Viscande de Gayanna, 96; Presbyterian School, near Y. M. C. A.; Young Men’s Christian Association, Rua Aurora No. 65. BAHIA The Southern Baptists and Northern Presbyterians opened 'work in Bahia about 1880; each denomination engages in evangelistic, educational and colportage work; each ha’s a central church in the city with its branches in different sub- urbs. The missionaries have occasional services in English. Services in English: St. George’s Episcopal Church, Campo Grande, Sundays, 10:30 a.m. and 8:30 p.m. Churches: Baptist {South), Rua do Collegio 32; Presbyterian {North), Rua da Federacao. Institutions: Baptist School, Rua Collegio 32. 40 BRAZIL RIO DE JANEIRO In this beautiful and progressive city with its million inhabitants and 'splendid harbor, the oldest Protestant Church, is the Church of England, founded under special treaty of 1810; ' ' A work is exclusively 3ng English-speak- people. An Inde- ident or Congrega- lal movement for "k among Brazilians 3 started about 5; the Presbyterians orth) followed soon er; the Methodists V IN orth) in 1879; the Baptists (South) in 1882 and recently the A BOULEVARD IN RIO Episcopal Church has opened two stations in the city. Evan- gelistic, educational and literary work has been developed and extends to all of the neighboring towns, districts and various States. The German Lutheran Church was built in 1844-45. The Young Men’s Christian Association was begun in 1893 and ha's been one of the most successful features of Protestant work. Services IN English: Union Congregation in Methodist Churchy Praca Jose de Alencar, 4, Sundays, 10:00 a.m. and 8:30 p.m., Sunday School, 11:00 a.m.; Church of England, Rua Evarista Veiga, Sundays, 11:00 a.m.; Seamen’s Mission, Rua Livra- mento 233, Sundays, 5:00 p.m. Services in German : Lutheran Church, Rua dos Invalidas No. 119, Sundays, 11:00 a.m. Churches: Baptist, Rua Santa Anna 26; Congregational, Flumineuse, Rua Camerino 102 and Nictheroy, Praia 309; Episcopal, Rua Haddock Lobo 45; Methodist, Praca Jose Alien- car 4; Presbyterian, Rua Silva Jordim 23; Independent Pres- byterian, Rua do Senado; Seamen’s Mission, Rua Livra- mento 233. BRAZIL 41 Educational Institutions: American School {Methodist South), Rua Marquez de Abrantes 152; Baptist College, Rua Jose Hygino 332; People’s Central Institute, Rua Livra- mento 233; German School, Rua do Senado 249. Other Institutions: American Bible Society, Rua Quitanda 47; British and Foreign Bible Society, Rua do Auvidor; Evan- gelical Hospital, Rua Bom Pastor 83; Strangers Hospital, Rua Passagem 210; Young Men’s Christian Association, Rua da Quitanda 47. CHURCH AT RIO GRANDE DU SUL PETROPOLIS There is a prosperous Methodist Church and a school for girls. The Lutheran Church maintains work for Germans and the clergymen of the Union and English churches of Rio de Janeiro hold occasional services, especially in summer. Services in English : Methodist Church, Rua Marechal Deo- doro 68, Sundays 4:00 p.m. Churches: Methodist {South), Rua Marechal Deodoro 68. Institutions: American College, Avenida Itaborahy 188. 42 BRAZIL SAO PAULO Protestant Mission work in this city of more than 400,000 inhabitants was begun in 1863 by the Presby- terians; the Methodists, Baptists and Independent bodies fol- lowed. Self-supporting churches under native pastors are be- coming active and liberal in spreading the Gospel and estab- lishing new work in many places. The American School and Mackenzie College (Presbyterian) constitute the largest Prot- estant educational plant in Brazil; the college is the largest institution of its grade in Latin- America. The Young Men’s Christian Association and other features of the Protestant movement are likewise meeting with marked success. Services in English: Church of England, Rua Conto de Magolhaes 19, Sundays, 10:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. ; Methodist Church, Lorgo Sete de Setembro 8, first Sunday of month, 4:00 p.m. Services in German: Lutheran Church, near English Church, Sundays, 11:00 a.m. Churches: Baptist, Travessa Sao Joao 2; Evangelical (S. A. Evangelical Union), Rua Liberdale 25; Methodist, Lorgo Sete de Setembro 8; Presbyterian (Synodal), Alemeidos dos Bom- bus 4; Independent Presbyterian, Rua Vinte e Quartro da Mair. Institutions: American School, Rua Sao Joao; Mackenzie Col- lege, Rua Dona Maria Antonia 79; Baptist School, Progresso, Alemeida Barao Rio Bronco 7 ; Presbyterian Seminary (Inde- pendent), Rua Vinte e Quartro de Maco; Young Men's Chris- tian Association, Libero Bodoro 15; Samaritan Hospital, Hygien- opolis; Protestant Orjohanage, Libero Bodoro 15. SANTOS The work for seamen in connection with the Church of England has been the most continuous and successful of any such undertaking in Brazil. Services in English: Church of England, Bros. Cubos Hall, Hotel, Sundays, 9:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.; Seamen's Mission, Praca Telles 3. Churches: Evangelical Episcopal, Rua Senador Feijo 235; Seamen's Mission, Praca Telles 3. URUGUAY 43 URUGUAY Protestant Mission work in Spanish in this little ^‘^Buffer State'’ was begun in Montevideo in 1868 by the Methodists; their movement has grown into six active congregations within the city with influential schools for boys and girls and a theo- logical ’seminary, while in the interior stations are maintained in Durazno, Trinidad, El Salto and other centers whence lines of service extend throughout the Republic. The Church of England early began ministering to the many English-speak- ing residents. The flourishing Italian colonies of southern Uru- guay maintain an active Waldensian communion in a number of congregations. The German and Swiss colonists have organ- ized various groups for worship, the chief one being the Lutheran Church in the capital. MONTEVIDEO This capital of large population is one of the most beautiful cities in the western hemisphere; a score of steamship lines connect her with other countries and with all continents and she has readily responded to the impetus of ad- vancing material civ- ilization. Nor is she unmindful of her 'spiritual welfare, as is evident from the many forms in which religious activity is expressed throughout the city. Services in English : Holy Trinity ^ Church of England, near the Sea, Sundays, 10:30 a.m. and 8:30 p.m.; Methodist, Calle Medanos 1310, Sundays, 11:00 a.m., Wednesdays, 8:00 p.m. Services in German: Lutheran Church. BUSINESS MEN, MONTEVIDEO Y. M. C. A. 44 PA RA G UA Y—ARGEN TINA Churches: Central Methodist Church, the finest Protestant Church edifice in South America; Baptist Church, Institutions: North America Academy; Crandon Institute; Theological Seminary ; Young Men's Christian Association, Calle 18 de Julio, 968. PARAGUAY ASUNCION Asuncion was the first permanent Spanish 'settle- ment in eastern South America. The terrible tyranny and atrocious cruelties under the younger Lopez half a century ago finally recoiled into peace and an open door. The Paraguayans then sent an invitation to the Methodist Mission in Buenos Aires, offering them the use of valuable property in the cap- ital. Work was formally inaugurated in 1886 and has suc- cessfully continued without interruption. The power of the new moral impulse is very evident; churches, 'schools and lit- erature are the methods employed. The South American Mis- sionary Society of England is doing remarkably heroic and satisfactory work among the Chaco Indians of the interior, once so absolutely lawless and bloodthirsty. Services in English: St. Andrews, Sapucahy, Sundays, 9:00 a.m. and 8:30 p.m. Services in German: Lutheran, German Consulate. The Methodist Church, the Boys’ School and the Girls’ School deserve a visit. ARGENTINA This land is one of the most interesting in the world. It has an area more than one-third as large as the United States with a population less than that of Pennsylvania; it is the largest meat exporting country and may soon lead the world in the export of cereals; much of this wealth goes to pay inter- est on European capital invested there. The climate is favor- able to European enterprise and hundreds of thousands of foreigners arrive annually, mainly from the Mediterranean countries. Protestant work in English and among German and Swiss ARGENTINA 45 colonist's dates back to 1820, but Spanish work was not begun until 1867, when the Methodists responded to the frequently expressed request for the preaching of the Gospel in the Span- ish language. Long and thorough colportage by the Bible Societies had prepared the way for this constructive effort, which is now such a vigorous movement for righteousness, sup- ported by missionaries of various denominations in the lead- ing centers as well as in the less populous districts; the suc- cess of the mission in far distant Cape Horn was said by Darwin to be an adequate answer to his skepticism regarding the possibilities of the degraded race of that desolate region. Protestantism is responding, though all too feebly, to the mute appeal of need and the audible call of desire and is planting deep down roots of perennial vitality which will produce fruits of deathless beauty and power in the lives of men. BUENOS AIRES This is the largest city south of the equator, a city as large as Boston, Baltimore and Denver combined. It has all the problems of a great, cosmopolitan city, — materialism, irreligion, immorality, ignorance, poverty, crime, industrial un- rest; but to counter- act this downward pull there is lacking the amount of ap- plied, uplift power that we find in our home cities ; Phila- delphia is no larger than Buenos Aires, yet it has as many Catholic Churches and fifty times as many Protestant Churches! Nevertheless, the dozen churches in Buenos Aires are engaged in vigorous and growing under- takings. PLAZA MAYO, BUENOS AIRES 46 ARGENTINA There is important work also for seamen. The circula- tion of the Scriptures, schools, and the distribution of litera- ture have developed along with the preaching of the Gospel. A notable feature of mission work in the city are the Evan- gelical Schools and Spanish services established under the pat- ronage of the South American Missionary Society. The Young Men’s Christian Association and the Young Women’s Christian Association are taking strong hold. The Scotch Presbyterian STATESMEN AND STUDENTS AT A CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE Church conducts an extensive, self-supporting work from a splendid plant and is said to have the largest Sunday School in South America. Services in English: Church of England, St. John’s Pro- Cathedral, 25 de Mayo 286, Sundays, 10:15 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. ; St. Pauls (Palermo), Charcas 4670, Sundays, 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 ARGENTINA 47 p.m.; St. Saviours (Belgrano), Cramer and Pampa, Sundays, 10:30 a.m. and 8:30 p.m.; Holy Trinity (Lomas), Sundays, 10:30 a.m. and 8:30 p.m.; Methodist, Calle Corrientes 718, Sundays, 11:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.; Scotch Presbyterian, Calle Peru 352, Sundays, 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Churches: Baptist, Calle Estados Unidos 1273; Brethren, In- formation may be obtained at Casilla Correo 5 and Boulevard Guzman 139; Disciples of Christ, Calle Cramer 2654, Belgrano; Episcopal (Palermo), Charcas 4670; Hunin (Methodist), Calle Hunin 976; Maldonado Mission Hall, Nicaragua 1640; Salvation Army, Victoria 452. Educational Institutions: Evangelical Schools, Calle Uri- arte 2572; Sarmento Institute, Ward Institute, Evangelical School of Vinado Puerto, Rividavia Liceum. (Information re- garding these last four may be obtained at Calle Hunin 976.) Other Institutions: American Bible Society; British and Foreign Bible Society; Nicholas Lowe Institute, Mercedes; Meth- odist Publishing House, Calle Hunin 976; SeamaNs Institute, 25 de Mayo 286; Young Men's Christian Association, Paseo Colon 161; Young Women's Christian Association, Calle San Mar- tin 243. ROSARIO Services in English: St. Bartholomew's, Church of England, Paraguay 490, Sundays, 10:15 a.m. and 8:45 p.m.; Methodist, Boulevard Orono esquima a Salta, Sundays, 11:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Services in German: Lutheran, Bulevar Orono 645, Sundays, 11:00 a.m. Churches: Baptist, Calle La Plata; Methodist, Calle Laprida. Educational Institutions: American College, No. 1 Rosario. LA PLATA Services in English: Methodist, Calle 4 No. 422. Churches: Baptist, Calle 58 No. 768; Methodist Calle 4 No. 422. 48 CHILE CHILE Protestant work was begun in Chile about 1845 upon the arrival of the Rev. David Trumbull. Because of the strict laws and customs of the country it was necessary to hold ser- vices in a private room with closed doors. In 1860 the first Protestant school with but eight girls was es- tablished in Valparaiso by Mrs. Trumbull. In 1875 a school was started in Copiapo in the north, which finally grew into the Pres- byterian ^‘Institute Ingles”, now in Santiago and the largest Protestant school on the coast. In 1880 there were some seventy-five children in Protestant schools; to-day there are nearly two thousand and the num- ber is limited, in some cases, only by the lack of accommodations. There are at least ten thousand men and women enrolled as Protestant believers who contribute liberally to religious work and thousands are being educated in the Sunday School's. Through the efforts of missionaries, the Civil Mar- riage Law was passed, as was also the Civil Cemetery Law. There are several papers, chief among them ‘‘El Heraldo Evan- gelico” of the Presbyterian Mission, “El Cristiano”, of the Methodist Mission — these are ably edited and exercise a strong influence along the coast. PUNTA ARENAS The South America Missionary Society ministers to the English-speaking community, conducting Ser- vices in English^ while the Methodist Church maintains a Spanish work. TEMUCO Services in English: 10:30 a.m. Sundays in the Mission of the South America Missionary Society near the English School. The Methodist Church holds services in Span- LITTLE INDIANS CHILE 49 ish in two churches every Sunday evening; Sunday School is at 1:00 p.m. There is an English Hospital in the city. CONCEPCION The Presbyterians and Seventh Day Adven- tists conduct services in Spanish and the Lutherans in Ger- man. The Salvation Army has a post. TOMB OF O'HIGGINS — A LIBERATOR OF CHILE Services in English : Anglican Church, Calle O^Higgins, be- tween Serrano and Hipolito Salas, Sundays, 10:45 a.m.; Metho- dist Church, Calle Rengo, corner of Ave. Manuel Rodriguez, Sundays, 10:45 a.m.; Colegio Americano, Calle Rengo at Avenue Manuel Rodriguez, Sundays, 11:00 a.m. Churches: Methodist, corner Castellon and Carrera; Presby- terian, with Manse, corner Rengo and Las Heras. Institutions: Concepcion College, school for girls, with eight American teachers and excellent departments in Music and Art, Calle Caupolican No. 265, — one square from Central Plaza; Colegio Americano, school for boys, with nine American teachers, corner Calle Rengo and Manuel Rodriguez. 50 CHILE VALPARAISO Protestant work is carried on among the Chilean people by the Presbyterian and Methodist Missions. There are also two large English churches, a German church and a number of smaller organizations. ^^The Sailors’ Home” and ^‘Seamen’s Institute” look out for the men who go down to the sea in ships, and the Salvation Army does work. Val- paraiso is practically a foreign city and the influence of Europe is strong; the commerce is largely British and German; there are comparatively few Americans in the city. Services in English : The Union Church, on Calle Condell, affiliated with the Free Church of Scotland, is the center of worship for all Anglo-American Protestants not Anglican. The majority of the members and attendants of this church are Scotch. Services, Sundays, at 11:00 a.m. and 8:15 p.m. There is also a mid-week service and a Christian Endeavor meeting; St. PauVs Church (Anglican), is located on English Hill; 'ser- vices, 10:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on Sundays; St. Peter's Church, Vina del Mar, services, Sundays at 10:30 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. Services in German: Lutheran Church. Churches: Presbyterian, Calle San Martin 115, is the center of a flourishing work that has Sunday Schools and chapels in many parts of the city; the missionary in charge may be found at the church; there is also a Chilean pastor and assist- ants. Methodist, Calle Olivar, near Victoria, large and modern building which is the center of the work of that denomination. Institutions: The ''Escuela Popular" (Presbyterian), receives, at a low fee, the children of the working class, Avenida Yungai 48; British and Foreign Bible Society, Depository may be easily found; Young Men's Christian Association, Calle Blanco 655, commodious and comfortable building, large gymnasium, bowl- ing alleys and night classes; tea is served daily for business men; Anglo-American Hospital, under the care of a Committee from the Colony, does a splendid work for the English-speak- ing folk all along the coast; ''Sheltering Home", Callejon Des- canso 369, an orphan asylum with a Board of Directors from the Colony, educates children, preferably Anglo-Saxons. CHILE 51 SANTIAGO The Presbyterian and Methodist Missions each have a number of well-organized churches and a good school. Work in English is carried on by the Union Church, of all denominations, and St. Andrew’s Church, the center of Angli- can work. The Sal- vation Army has work and the Christian Al- liance has a chapel. A joint Theological Seminary of the Meth- odist and Presbyterian Mission is training a native ministry. Services in English: Union Church, Calle Nataniel No. 90, Sundays, 10:45 a.m.; St. Andrew's Church (Anglican), Calle Santo Domingo, No. 639, Sundays, 10:45 a.m. Services in German: Lutheran Church, Calle Santo Domingo. Churches: Church of the Most Holy Trinity, Presbyterian, Avenida del Brazil No. 753; Church of the Redeemer, Avenida Matta, corner San Francisco; First Methodist Church, Avenida Portales, corner of Cueto. Sunday School is generally held in these churches at 10:00 a.m. and evening service at 7:30. All services are in Spanish. Institutions: ''El Institute Ingles", founded in 1877, Pres- byterian Boarding School for Boys, at 3076 Calle Augustinas, is one of the best known institutions in South America, students coming from several republics. Instruction is in English. Many of its graduates enter universities in Europe and the United States for advanced study. Very similar to it is the "Santiago College" for girls of the Methodist Mission at Calle Agustinas No. 2050. It gives a good education in the usual High School branches and in Domestic Science. The A NEWSPAPER BUILDING 52 CHILE— BOLIVIA German Mission also maintains a school. The ‘‘Modern Print Shop”, under the direction of the Methodist Mission, is in the same block with the Santiago College. The American Bible Society and the British Foreign Bible Society have each a De- pository in Santiago, which may be found upon inquiry. ANTOFAGASTA At this important commercial port, the Methodists have an interesting work in Spanish, with occasional Services in English. IQUIQUE Evangelical and educational work is carried on by the Methodists. “The American College” admits both boys and girls. Services in English are held in the college building. The location of the Spanish Mission may be learned upon inquiry. BOLIVIA In 1879 a Colporteur of the American Bible Society visited Bolivia and began Evangelical propaganda, but after a few days in the country he was as- sassinated. Not until 1898 did the first resident American mis- sionary arrive, a Canadian Bap- tist going to Oruro; the early missionaries worked under many difficulties because religious free- dom was not granted until 1904. In 1906 the Rev. Francis H. Har- rington was sent by the Metho- dist Church to begin work in La Paz. He established religious services and founded the Ameri- can Institute in 1907. In 1912 an American School was opened in Cochabamba. In addition to the work of the large cities there are two Missions devoting their services to the evangelizing of the Indians. The Bolivian Indian Mission, with its headquarters in San BOLIVIA 53 Pedro de Buena Vista, has a band of fourteen workers. It is an interdenominational Mission, deriving its support from Eng- land, Australia and New Zealand. The Peniel Hall Mission has an agricultural school and medical work on the shores of Lake Titicaca. Mission work in Bolivia is very poorly equipped and under- manned. There is a tremendous need for its enlargement. SUCRE The Plymouth Brethren have a Spanish Mission, with an occasional service in English. ORURO The Canadian Baptists conduct a Night School for Indians and many regular weekly services in Spanish at their Mission on Calle Washington, Altras del Palacio (behind the palace), the principal ones being at 7:30 p.m. on Sundays and Wednesdays. They maintain a printing press. Services in English: Mission Hall, Calle Washington, behind the palace, first and third Sundays of each month at 3:00 p.m. COCHABAMBA Services in English: Methodist Mission, Lanza No. 19, Sundays, 10:30 a.m. Churches: Canadian Baptist, Calle Teatro No. 26; Methodist, Calle Lanza No. 19. Institutions: Cochabamba Institute, Plaza Colon. LA PAZ The Canadian Baptists have a Spanish Mission with a free night school for Indians and an afternoon kindergarten. The Methodist Church has three Sunday Schools, a central preaching place and a free night school for Indians. The Seventh Day Adventists have a small Spanish Mission. Services in English: Methodist Mission Hall, The Prado No. 9, opposite the American Legation, Sundays, 10:30 a.m.; The American Institute, Avenida seis de Agosta, prayer meeting, Thursdays, 7:00 p.m. Churches: Canadian Baptist, Calle Recreo, opposite ^^Sag- rados Corazones^' College; Methodist, The Prado No. 9. Each of these conduct services in Spanish every Sunday, Wednesday and Friday at 8:00 p.m. Institution: The American Institute (Methodist), 25 de Mayo, near Military College. 54 PERU PERU Peru is one of the few countries of the earth which have not yet granted religious liberty. No evangelical services are permitted in public, but must be held in private buildings, with doors closed or screened, and no public notices can be given. No Protestant building can assume the appearance of a church, but must appear like an ordinary house. There is an entire toleration of Protestant work in Lima and Callao, but not in THE THRONE OF THE INCAS the provincial towns. Bible circulation by both the British and the American Bible Societies is doing much to break down prejudice and prepare the soil for evangelistic work. There are some well-established educational institutions, especially the Anglo-American Schools at Lima and Callao, which are under Methodist auspices. Active mission work among the native population began only in 1891. The Methodist Church was PERU 55 the first to enter the field, followed by the British Evangelical Union of South America. Seventh Day Adventists and the Sal- vation Army also maintain work. On the whole, Peru is woefully neglected by the Evangeli- cal Churches. LIMA Services in English at the Anglican Churchy Calle Pacae 228, every Sunday at 10:00 a.m. and on alternate Sun- days at 8:30 p.m. Services in German: Lutheran Church. Churches: Evangelical Uniony Calle Negreiros 78; Methodisty Plazuela de San Agustin 204; Seventh Day Adventists Mission; Salvation Army. Institutions: High School for Girls (Methodist), Calle San Francisco 350; Victoria Elementary School (Methodist), Avenida Juan Castilla 899; Colegio Diego Thomson (Evangelical Union), Calle Chirimoya 967 ; The Evangelical Union Mission Press (The Inca Press), Calle San Cristobal del Tren 165. CALLAO English Services: Anglo-American Church (Meth- odist), Calle Teatro 24, Sundays, 9:30 a.m., 10:30 a.m.; Wed- nesdays, 8:00 p.m.; Church of England, Sundays, 6:15 p.m. Services in German: Lutheran Church. Churches: Methodist, Calle Calon 214; Salvation Army, Calle Independencia 49. Institutions: Anglo-American Schools (Methodist), High School Department, Calle Teatro 26, Elementary Department, Calle Calon 212. CERRO DE PASCO Work is carried on in Spanish by the Methodist Church, Calle Dos de Mayo 28, with an occasional service in English for the mining employees. The Colegio Americano is in the same building. AREQUIPA The Evangelical Union of South America main- tains a Mission at Calle Guanamarca 18. CUZCO Evangelical work is carried on here only in the Spanish tongue and by the Evangelical Union of South America. The Mission headquarters are in a well-known house called ‘‘Monjaspata^^ at Calle Heladeros 17. 56 ECUADOR ECUADOR WATER CARRIER action compelled them to give up the work, — some of their experiences at that time being most thrilling. Now there seems to be a new turn toward This is one of the most neglected fields in the world. The Christian and Missionary Alliance and the Gospel Union have halls in Guayaquil and Quito where they carry on evan- gelistic services and distribute B i b le s and tracts. There IS, however, no well- equipped mission station among the whole four mil- lions of people, and hardly half a dozen missionaries who speak Spanish live there perma- nently. Several years ago, during a movement toward liberalism, the Methodists were in- vited to furnish teachers for the government schools and take charge of the Nation- al Training In- stitute for teach- ers; this they did until a wave of re- PANAMA 57 liberalism and it is hoped earnestly that the men and means will be available for service in this most needy and inviting field. PANAMA COLON — CRISTOBAL The chief English-speaking church in Colon is Christ Church, Episcopal, convenient to the Wash- ington Hotel. While its congregation is mainly of West Indians, 'seats are reserved for others. After a period of neglect, English Services are now regularly maintained as follows: Sundays, at 7:30 a.m., 10:30 a.m., 7:30 p.m., and daily at 7:30 a.m. The Cristobal Protestants attend church at the Chapel near the Y. M. C. A. building; the Union Church congregation, which worships in this chapel, is composed of all denominations. The pastor preaches at the church once or twice a month. At Cristobal is a large club-house which is open daily, including Sundays, from eight o’clock in the morning until eleven at night. CAROZAL Union Church Services in English are held in the club-house, which is open daily. GATUN Services in English are held in the Union Church which is opposite the large club-house. PANAMA — BALBOA — ANCON While many aspects of Prot- estantism find expression in this city, the work, with a single exception, is confined to the large Negro population. At St. PauVs Church, Panama, there was at one time a congregation com- posed of both races, but it is now used exclusively for work among the West Indians; the night services are fre- quently attended by visitors who find them of peculiar interest; seats in the choir are reserved for such visit- ors upon previous notice to the Chap- 58 PANAMA— COLOMBIA lain in charge of the work. At the Sea Wall Methodist Church services are held in English for a mixed congregation in the morning and an interesting work is carried on for Spanish- speaking people at other times. St. Luke^s Churchy Ancon, is under the Chaplain of the Ancon Hospital, who has charge also of St. Paul’s Church, Panama. Services in English: The Union Churchy Balboa, (pastor’s residence is in Balboa); St. Luke’s Chapel (Episcopal), Ancon, every Sunday at 10:00 a.m. and on the second and fourth Sun- days at 7:00 a.m.; Sea Wall Church (Methodist), every Sunday at 10:00 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. PARAISO Occasional services are held by the Union Church organization. PEDRO MIGUEL Union Church services are held in the club- house, which is open daily. Club-houses under Y. M. C. A. direction are located at Balboa, Carozal, Pedro Miguel, Culebra, Empire, Gatun, Cris- tobal and Port Bello. COLOMBIA The aborigines were the Arhuacos Indians whose early chieftains were vassals of the Grand Montezuma. They are now trading with foreigners and are becoming civilized; being naturally distrustful, considerate prudence and tact are needed on the part of the missionary to win them, but, once convinced of the good intentions and helpfulness of the missionary, they become grateful friends and make loyal Christians. In 1856, Protestant missions were begun in Colombia — then called New Granada — by the Presbyterian’s, whose work has gradually grown until it occupies all of the principal centers of population with about twenty foreign and thirty native workers. An important form of work is the educational, with fourteen schools of vari- ous kinds; although class spirit is 'strong in Colombia, parents appreciate and seek for their children the obvious benefits of the mission schools, and the pupils influence the homes in in- COLOMBIA 59 numerable helpful ways. Much good seed has been planted far and wide by evangelistic touring with its public services, stereopticon Bible pictures, sale of Scriptures, distributing tracts and Bible study classes; God’s word shall not return unto Him void. The monthly mission paper has a circulation of 1,500 copies throughout the country. The American Bible Society maintains an active agency and Methodist colporteurs, from a Peruvian base, frequently canvass the towns on the West Coast. Prejudice is breaking down, general enlightenment is increas- ing and the people are responding more readily and completely to the upward stimulus of Christian truth. B ARRAN QUILL A Church services are held in a hall in the Girls’ School on Sundays at 8:30 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. and Wed- nesdays at 7:00 p.m., and as a rule are in Spanish. Cottage meetings are held weekly in different parts of the city. Institutions: Colegio Americano joara Senoritas (Girls’ School), corner of Callejon and Calle del Sello; Colegio Ameri- cano para Varones (Boys’ School), No. 132 Calle California near Callejon Veinte de Julio. BOGOTA A Presbyterian Church, Templo Protestante, is on Calle Catorce. In addition to this Mission, the Presbyterians maintain two schools, each in a separate building: Colegio Americano para Senoritas (Girls’ School), Carrera Novena, and Colegio Americano para Varones (Boys’ School), Calle Veinte. CARTAGENA Work was begun in that part of Cartagena known as Cabrero in 1912, and at present consists of church services and two small schools, one for boys and one for girls. All of these are carried on in rented buildings, the principal one of which has a signboard reading ^‘Mision Evangelica.” From time to time cottage meetings are held in different parts of the city and also in the neighboring suburbs. BUCARAMANGA, CERETE and MEDELLIN, at present rather inaccessible to tourists, are centers of a growing evan- gelistic and educational work by Presbyterian missionaries. 60 CENTRAL AMERICA CENTRAL AMERICA GUATEMALA CITY With a population of 100,000, located 5,000 feet up in the mountains, this city is cool and healthful. Protestant work was begun by the Presbyterians and they now have a church, missionary’s home, a fine girls’ school and a hospital. At the other end of the city is the Central Ameri- can Mission, undenominational. The Seventh Day Adventists A VILLAGE STREET also have a Mission, their work being principally educational. The American Bible Society has the headquarters of the Cen- tral American, Panama and Colombian Agency here. Services in English: Sunday morning at 10:45, in the Pres- byterian Church, Callejon Manchin, No. 1, A, a few steps from the Central Plaza. CENTRAL AMERICA 61 Churches: Cinco Calles Spanish Mission, Sunday School, 1:00 p.m. ; service in Spanish, 2:00 p.m., and a Gospel service in Spanish at 7:00 p.m.; Presbyterian Church, Sunday School in Spanish at 9:00 a.m., before the English service, also a Spanish service at 7:00 p.m. Institutions: Presbyterian Girls' School, 7 Ave. Norte, Pro- longacion; Presbyterian Hospital, or Hospital Americano, near Girls^ School; American Bible Society, 7 Ave. Norte Prolonga- cion No. 12. MANAGUA, NICARAGUA There are two Spanish Missions in this city, one connected with the Central American Mission and the other independent. The latter is largely supported by income from nursing and lace-making. SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR Protestant work is en- tirely in Spanish and has been established for some years. Two Missions are maintained, one by the Central American Mis- sion and the other by the Northern Baptist Church. The American Bible Society, Salvador Branch, is at lo Ave. Sur, No. 45. The Baptist Spanish Mission and Press is at Sonsonate. SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA There is a Union Church for English-speaking people two blocks north of the Bishop’s Palace and one block east of the theatre; Church of England services are held here on Sundays at 11:00 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. Information may be obtained from the British Consul. An interesting Mission for Spanish-speaking people is also maintained. The American Bible Society, Costa Rican Branch, P. 0. address, Apartado 738, San Jose. 62 PANAMA MISSIONARY CONFERENCE In response to obvious need and widespread desire, a CON- FERENCE ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN LATIN-AMERICA will be held at PANAMA IN FEBRUARY, 1916. The plans for this gathering are being made by the COM- MITTEE ON CO-OPERATION IN LATIN-AMERICA, which is composed of members elected by the various Missionary Agencies at work in the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America ; twenty- five American Boards are now co-operating and the European Societies will join in the movement. The present officers of the Committee are: Chairman, Robert E. Speer; Vice-Chairman, William F. Oldham; Recording Secre- tary, L. C. Barnes; Executive Secretary, S. G. Inman. The COMMISSIONS, whose reports will be printed in time for study by the delegates prior to the Conference, are as fol- lows: Survey and Occupation; Message and Method; Educa- tion; Literature; Women’s Work; The Church in the Field; The Home Base; Co-operation. SECTIONAL CONFERENCES will follow in Peru, Chili, Argentine, Brazil, Mexico and Cuba. The PERSONNEL of these conferences will represent the various interests that are helping in the moral and spiritual advance of Latin- America ; professional and lay men and women of the Latin, Anglo-Saxon and Teutonic races, in both public and private life, will gather in the name of their common Master, in the bond of their common brotherhood, and in the interest of their common desire to plan in peaceful councils a more extended and sustained attack upon the things that oppose the progress of individual and social righteousness in the Latin lands of America. May these gatherings for united and sympathetic study of the deeper problems of twenty republics inaugurate for all those seeking the true welfare of the western hemisphere an era of closer fraternal feeling, of adequate co-operative endeavor, and of large, permanent result! Communications may be addressed to the Executive Secre- tary, S. G. Inman, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Ancon Antofagasta Arequipa Argentina Aguadilla Asuncion Auspices Bahia Balboa Barranquilla Bayamon Bogota Bolivia Brazil Buenos Aires Callao Cape Haiti Caracas Cardenas Carozal Cartegena Central America Cerro de Pasco Cienfuegos Chile Christ of Andes, The. Cochabamba Colombia Colon Committee Concepcion Conference, N. Y Conference, Panama . . Cristobal Criticizing Missions . . Cuba Cuzco Ecuador El Cristo Financing Missions . . Gatun Guatemala Haiti Havana Indians Introductory Iquique DEX Band, The 15f La Paz 53 La Plata 47 Latin- America . . 15f Lima Managua 61 Maracaibo 37 Mayaguez 35 Matanzas 29 Mexico 17, 25f Montevideo . . . . 43 Need, The 20f Oruro 53 Panama 57f Para 38 Paraguay 44 Parai’so 58 Peons 19 People, The . . . 18f Pedro Miguel . . . 58 Peru 54f Petropolis 41 Pernambuco . . . 38 Port-Au-Prince . 32 Porto Rico . . . . 32f Punta Arenas . . 48 Quotations .4, 6, 14, 23 Rio de Janeiro . 40 Rio Piedras . . . . 34 Rosario 47 San Jose 61 San Juan 33 San Salvador . . 61 Santiago, Cuba 31 Santiago, Chile 51 Santo Domingo 32 Santos 42 Sao Paulo 42 Sucre 53 Temuco 48 Upper Class . . . . 19 Uruguay 43 Valparaiso 50 Venezuela 36 IN 57 52 55 44f 36 44 5 39 57 59 36 59 52f 38f 45 55 32 36 29 57 59 60f 55 31 48f 2, 23 53 58 57 5 49 24 62 57 7f 28f 55 56 31 12f 57 60 32 28 18 5 52 '''ew yqB’^ Panama Conference In February, 1916, repre- sentative leaders of Missionary Agencies, Evangelical Churches and Public Life will hold at Panama a Conference on Chris- tian Work in Latin America. Sectional Conferences in six of these lands will follow during March and April. A fuller statement may be found on page sixty-two.