Columbia 53nit»fr8!itp LIBRARY S- This book is due two weeks from the last date stamped below, and if not returned at or before that time a fine of five cents a day will be incurred. MAY \ » m •m^ SERIES OF CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS PUBLISHED BY AUTHOEITY OV THE LORDS OF HER MAJESTY'S TREASURY UKDER THE DIRECTION OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORD CLERK-REGISTER OF SCOTLAND. a CHROMICLES OF THE PICTS, CHRONICLES OF THE SCOTS, AND OTHER EARLY MEMORIALS OF SCOTTISH HISTORY. CHRONICLES OF THE PICTS, CHRONICLES OF THE SCOTS, AND OTHER EARLY MEMORIALS OF SCOTTISH HISTORY. EDITED BY WILLIAM F. SKENE, LL.D. PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE LOEDS COMMISSIONEBS OF IIEK MAJESTY'S TREASURY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE LORD CLERK-REGISTER OF SCOTLAND. H.M. GENERAL REGISTER HOUSE, EDINBUEGH. 186 7. (^ U '0%^l EMNBURGH : T. CONSTABLE, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN, ANU TO THE UNIVEBSITy. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PKEPACE— PAGE 1. Object and Limits of the Work, . . . ix 2. Account of the Chronicles and Memorials inserted in this Collection, ..... xvii 3. Name of Scotia, and ancient Topography of the Country, Ixxv 4. Inhabitants of the Country, their Legends and History prior to a.d. 634, .... Ixxxviii 5. Relative position of Four Nations during the century subsequent to a.d. 634, .... cxiv 6. Variance of Chronicles, and suppressed Century in the History of the Scots, .... cxxiii 7. Substantial agreement of Chronicles subsequent to A.D. 850, ..... cxxxiii 8. Development of the Scottish Fable, . . cxlix 9. Lidications and Fragments of History of Eighth and Ninth Centuries, .... clxxxii CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS— Tenth Centuby. page page I. The Pictish Chronicle, dcccclxxl-dccccxcv., . xviii 3 II. Saxon and Welsh Additions to the Historia Britonum, dcccolxxvii., . . . xxiii 11 III. From the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, Tenth Century, ..... xxix 17 CONTENTS. Eleventh Centurt. PAGE PAGE IV. Synchronisms of Flann Mainistreach, Jixiv.- MXX., ..... xsx 18 V. Irish and Pictish Additions to the " Historia " Britonum," mxl.-mlxxii., . . xxxi 23 VI. The Duan Albanaeh, mlxx., . . . xxxvi 57 VII. From the Chronicle of Mariauus Scotus, MLXxviii., .... xxxviii 65 VIII. From the Annals of Tighernac, MLXXxviii., .xxxviii 66 IX. The Prophecy of St. Berchan, mxciv.-mxcvii., xxxix 79 X. From the Life of St. Cadroe, Eleventh Cen- tury, . xli 106 Twelfth Century. XI. Metrical Prophecy, Mciv.-Mcxxiv., . . xlii 117 XII. Continuation of Synchronisms of Flann Main- istreach, Mcxix., .... xlii 119 Xni. From the Welsh Bruts, mcxx.-mcxxxiv., . xliii 120 XIV. Tract on the Picts, before mclx., . . xlvi 125 XV. Tract on the Tributes paid to Baedan, King of Ulster, before mclx., . . . xlvii 127 XVI. Chronicle of the Scots, mclxv., . . xlvii 130 XVII. Description of Scotland, mclxv., . . xlix 135 XVIII. Legend of St. Andrew, mclxv., . . li 138 XIX. Continuation of the Annals of Tighernac, MCLXXVIII., . . . . li 141 XX. From the Life of St. Patrick, by Joceline, MCLXXXV., . . . . lii 142 XXI. Genealogy of King William the Lyon, MCLXXXV., . . . .lii 144 XXII. From Giraldus Cambrensi.s, Topographia Hi- berniae, mclxxxvi., . . .lii 146 XXIII. Chronicle of the Scots and Picts, mclxxx^ii., lii 148 XXIV. Description of Britain, Twelfth Century, . liii 153 CONTENTS. vu Thirteenth Century. XXV. From Layamon's Brut, mcciv., XXVI. Welsh Chronicle, mccxi., . XXVII. From Giraldus Cambrensis, De Instruc- tione Principum, mccxiv., XXVIII. Prom the Annals of Inisfallen, mccxv., XXIX. Chronicle of the Picts and Scots, mccli., . XXX. The Metrical Chronicle, commonly called the Cronicon Elegiacum, mcclxx., XXXI. Legend of St. Andrew, mcclxxix., XXXII. Chronicle of the Picts and Soots, mcclxxx., XXXin. Chronicle of Huntingdon, Mccxc, XXXIV. Description of Scotland, mccxcii.-mccxcvi., PAGE PAGE liii 155 liv 161 liv 163 Hv 167 Iv 171 Ivi 177 Iviii 183 Iviii 194 lix 209 214 Fourteenth Century. XXXV. From Tracts relating to the English Claims, Mcccr., .... XXXVI. Chronicle of the Picts and Scots, siccxvii., XXXVIT. Letter by the Barons of Scotland to the Pope, Mccxx., .... XXXVIII. Chronicle of the Scots, Mcccxxxiii.-iv., XXXIX. Chronicles of the Scots, McccxLvin., XL. Chronicle of the Scots, Fourteenth Century, XLI. Tract on the Scots of Dalriada, before MCCCLXXII., .... XLII. Tract on the Picts, before MccCLXin., XLIII. Tract on the Picts, before mcccxci., Ixi 216 Ixv 285 Ixvi 291 Ixvi 295 Ixvii 298 Ixvii 304 Ixviii 308 Ixviii 318 Ixviii 322 Fifteenth Century. XLIV. Tract on the Picts, before mcoccxviii., . Ixix 323 XLV. Tract on the Scots, with Metrical Pro- phecy, before Mcocxxxvii., . . Isix 330 XL VI. Metrical Chronicle, commonly called the Chronicon Rhythmicum, mcccoxlvii., Ixis 832 b Vlll CONTENTS. XLVII. From Metrical History, by William Arch- bishop of York, MCCCCL.-MCCCCLX., XLVIII. From the Annals of Senait Mac Manus, commonly called the Annals of Ulster, Mccccxcvin., .... XLIX. Legend of St. Andrew, before mdiv., L. Chronicle of the Scots, mcccclxxxij.- MDXXX., .... PAGE PAGE Ixxi 341 Isxii Isxii 343 375 Ixsiii 378 APPENDIX— I. Passages from Isidore of Seville, illustrating Pictish Chronicle, II. Irish Version of Pictish Chronicle, . III. Passages from the Annals of MacFirbis, IV. From Life of Saint Adomnan, V. Prom Life of Saint Boethius, VI. Life of Saint Servanus, VII. Legend of Saint Bonifacius, . VIII. Legend of Saint Adrian, INDEX, .... Ixxiii 393 Ixxiii 396 Ixxiv 401 Ixxiv 408 Ixxiv 410 Ixxiv 412 Ixxiv 421 Ixxiv 424 429 PREFACE. PREFACE. I]sr the latter part of the fourteentli century, Jolin object akd of Fordun, a priest of the diocese of St. Andrews, work. and chaplain of the church of Aberdeen, compiled joim^FTor- the first formal history of Scotland. He did not '^'"'' live to complete it. He left behind him the first five books of his history, bringing it down to the death of David the First, and the materials for the rest of his history arranged by himself, the last date in which is 1385. Between the years 1420 and 1424, Andrew of Wyntoun, a canon-regular of St. Andrews, and prior of the monastery of St. Serf's Inch, in Loch Leven, wrote his " Orygynale Cronykil " of Scotland." He does not appear to have known of Fordun's history ; but not long after, in the year 1441, Walter Bower, or Bowmaker, Abbot of Inch- colm, wrote a continuation of Fordun's history, bringing it down to the year 1437, in which he not only added the history of the additional period to the death of James the First, but interpolated the five books composed by Fordun with additional PREFACE. matter, and styled the whole work the " Scoticro- " nicon." The work was now made public, and numerous copies of it were made, and transcripts preserved, in the principal religious houses, which became known under the name of the " Book of " Paisley," the " Book of Scone," the " Book of " Cupar," the " Chronicle of Icolmkill," etc. In some of these copies, the continuation bears to be by two other writers ; viz., Patrick Eussell, a Carthusian monk of the monastery of Charter-house in Perth, and Magnus MacCuUoch, who was secretary to Wil- liam Schevez, Archbishop of St. Andrews ; but although these names are attached to some of the continuations, they are all in substance that com- piled by Walter Bower.^ The leading features of the early history of Scot- chm"s'ristory"' land, as told by Fordun in his five books, are these : The Scots derived their origin from Gaythe- los, son of Neolus, king of Greece, who went to Egjrpt in the days of Moses, where he married Scota, daughter of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and led the Scots from thence to Spain. Prom this country several colonies went to Ireland, the last under Leadin] features of For- 1 There are twenty-one MSS. of the " Scoticronicon " still preserved, and, besides the imperfect copy printed in Gale's "Scriptures," vol. iii., two separate printed editions, one by Thomas Hearne in 1 722, the text of which is taken from a Jis. in Trinity College, Cambridge, which appears to contain the work as Fordun left it ; and another by Walter Goodall in 1759, taken mainly from the Edinburgh Col- lege MS., which contains Bower's additions. A new edition of For- dun, from a collation of all the MSS., and discriminating between the original text and the additions of the different continuators, would be a great boon to the Scottish historian. PEEFACE. xi Symon Brek, son of the king of Spain, who brought the marble chair on which the kings were crowned to Ireland, and under his great-grandson, Ethachius Eothay, the Scots passed over into Scotland, and gave the name of Scotia to that part of the island formerly called Albion. Some time after, the Picts settled in Scotland, and married wives of the Scots. In the year 330 before the Christian era, the Scots, who had come over from Ireland and settled in Scotland, elected Fergus, the son of Ferehard, their king, who brought over from Ireland the marble chair, and whose kingdom extended from the sea and the Western Isles to Drumalban. His great-grandson Eether brought another colony of Scots from Ireland, and united them with the Scots inhabiting the islands and maiidand of Scotland. In the year 203 after the Christian era, the Scots were converted to Christianity, and in the year 360, Eugenius, king of the Scots, was slain by the Picts and Britons, and the Scots, under his brother Ethodius, and Erth the son of Ethodius, were diiven by them out of the country and expelled to Ireland. Immediately after, the relics of St. Andrew are brought to Scot- land and received by Hurgurst, king of the Picts. In the year 403, the Scots return under Fei'gus, the son of Erth, and occupy Ergadia. Fordun states, that from Fergus, son of Ferehard, there reigned forty-five kings over the Scots, but he does not give the names of any of them, except the two above men- xii PREFACE. tioned. From Fergus, the son of Erth, he gives a succession of kings down to Kenneth Macalpin, who led the Scots out of Ergadia, conquered and destroyed the Picts, and became monarch of the whole of Scotland ; and he then gives the reigns of the kings of Scotland from Kenneth Macalpin to David the First. Extent to which In the year 1729, Thomas Innes, a priest of the nicies have been Scotch College at Paris, pubHshed his critical essay printed. q^ ^]jg ancicut inhabitants of Scotland. This ad- mirable essay was the first attempt to siibject the early history of Scotland prior to the reign of Kenneth Macalpin, as given by Fordun, to a critical examination, and to bring such fragments as re- mained of the more ancient Chronicles of Scotland to bear upon it ; and, in the appendix to the first volume, he printed six ancient pieces, which were then for the first time made public. Four of these were taken from the MS. in the Imperial Library at Paris, called the Colbertine ms., viz., the " Pict- " ish Chronicle," which he divided into two pieces (No. I.) ; the " Description of Scotland " (No. xvii.) ; and the " Chronicle of the Scots " (No. xvi.) ; the fifth was the " Chronicle of the Picts and Scots," in the register of the priory of St. Andrews (No. XXIX.) ; and the sixth was the " Chroni- con Rhythmicum" (No. XLVi.) John Pinkerton, in his Inquiry into the History of Scotland, first published in 1789, printed a collation of the first four pieces which had been published by Innes, and PEEFACE. xiii added to them the " Legend of St. Andrew " (No. XVIII.) ; the "Metrical Prophecy" from the Col- bertiue MS. (No. xi.) ; the " Legend of St. Andrew," from the register of the priory of St. Andrews (No. XXXI.) ; and three pieces which had been fur- nished to him by Charles O'Connor of Belnagare, viz., the " Albanic Duan" (No. vi.) ; the extracts from the " Annals of Ulster " (No. XLViii.) ; and a very inac- curate copy of part of the Irish Nennius (No. v. d.) The pul^lication of the ancient " Irish Annals" by Doctor O'Connor in 1812, made the text of these valuable documents accessible to the public ; and in the " Collectanea de rebus Albanicis," published by the lona Club, a collection of extracts from these Irish annalists were printed along with a better text and translation of the " Albanic Duan ;" and a series of extracts from the Norse Sagas of all passages bearing upon the early history of Scotland. In 1848 the Irish version of Nennius was published, with a translation and copious notes, by the Irish Archaeological Society, and, in that work, various tracts bearing upon the early history of Scotland, contained in the Irish MSS., were brought to light ; and in the works printed for the Bannatyne and Maitland Clubs, several short chronicles, contained in MSS. in the British Museum, were contributed from time to time by the Eev. Joseph Stevenson ; but these are accessible only to their members. Such is the extent to which the ancient chronicles Plan of this and other early memorials of Scottish history have °^ ' xiv PEEFACE. already been published ; but the field is by no means exhausted. There still remain a considerable number in MSS., which have never yet been published, while the text of those contained in the foregoing works is, to a eonsideral)le extent, either not strictly accu- rate, or not printed from the best MSS. "When the series of the Scottish Record Pubhcations was projected, it was suggested by the late Dr. Joseph Robertson, under whose superintendence the publication was placed, that the series should com- mence with a volume in which the whole of these scattered pieces should be collected together, and printed after careful collation with the original MSS., and that as many more documents should be added to them as stdl existed in MS., so as to form a com- plete collection of the early Chronicles and Memo- rials of Scotland, prior to the works of Fordun and Wyntoun. As it was proposed to include in this col- lection such materials as could be found in Irish and Welsh MSS., for which some knowledge of the Celtic dialects was indispensable, the present Editor was requested to undertake the task. Though feeling that, in some respects, he was not fully qualified to do justice to the work, and that his other avocations would prevent him from giving as much time as was desirable to an undertaking necessarily requir- ing frequent and lengthened -visits to the various libraries in which these MSS. are deposited for the purpose of collation, he was induced to do what he could towards editing the work. PREFACE. XV The object of this work therefore is, to form and bring together into one volume as complete a col- lection as possible of the fragments which still remain of the early chronicles and memorials of Scotland, prior to the publication of Fordun's History. It will contain a reprint of those pieces which have already appeared in scattered publica- tions, after collation with every MS. which was accessible to the Editor, with the addition of all such pieces as still remain in MS., including the materials bearing upon the history of Scotland in Welsh and Irish Mss. The great object of the Editor has been to make this collection of the materials for the early history of Scotland com- plete, and in his anxiety to attain this object, he may occasionally have included pieces which hardly seem to deserve a place in this coUectiou. In making the selection, it was, of course, necessary to do so within certain defined limits. His geo- graphical limit has been the kingdom of Scotland in its present extent ; and every event, which can be supposed to have happened within the Limits of that territory, has been considered as falling within the scope of this work. As the Anglic kingdom of Northumbria extended to the Firth of Forth, and the Cymric population to the Firth of Clyde, this has led him to include many events connected with the early Saxon and Welsh annals. He has fixed his limit in point of time at the conclusion of the reign of Alexander the Third, in the year 1285, xvi PREFACE. and he has not thought it necessary to include documents containing a record of events subsequent to that date. As a general rule, he has confined this collection to pieces which appear to have been compiled prior to the fifteenth century. The work will thus present, it is hoped, an accu- rate text of these ancient fragments of the early annals of Scotland. It will include every thing which the Editor could find in the MS. collections in the British Museum, in the Bodleian, in Cambridge, in the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh, in the Impe- rial Library at Paris, and in the private collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps of Middle Hill, bearing upon the early history of Scotland within these limits ; and in addition to this, the Welsh mss. in the British Museum, in Jesus College, Oxford, and in the Heng-wrt collection now the property of Mr. Wynne of Peniarth, and the Irish mss. in Trinity College, Dublin, the Royal Irish Academy, the Bri- tish Museum, the Bodleian, and the Advocates' Library, have been carefully examined, and every thing tending to illustrate the early history of Scot- land extracted and printed, with a translation. For the ready access which the Editor obtained to these MS, collections, he has to record his oblisfation to Mr. Coxe of the Bodleian ; the Principal and Fellows of Jesus College, Oxford ; the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge ; the Reverend Doctor Todd of Trinity College, Dublin ; Mr. Clib- boni of the Royal Irish Academy ; Monsieur Claude PKEFACE. xvii of the Imperial Library, Paris ; and especially to Sir Thomas Phillipps, and Mr. Wynne, for the kind manner in which they made their valuable private collections available to him. Throughout the greater part of this work, the Editor has had the advantage of the valuable and ready assistance of the late Dr. Joseph Eobertson, who permitted liim to refer to him in all matters of doubt or difficulty; and it is while these sheets were passing through the press, that this distin- guished archseologist and able man has been taken from us. The Editor has also to record his thanks to the Eev. Dr. Eeeves of Armagh, Professor Con- nellan of Dublin, and Professor Cosmo Innes, for assistance which they readily afforded to him when he applied to them. 11. The Chronicles and Memorials contained in this account of collection are placed in chronological order, so far^^nflxD as the Editor has been enabled, from indications m™okial3 INSERTED IN aflforded by each document, to determine the this collec- period at which it was probably compiled, and the date so assigned to it is placed after the title of the document. This date is to some extent conjectural ; but the reasons wliich led the Editor to assign it will be stated in the account of each piece. This date has no reference whatever to the date of the MSS. from which the documents are printed, the oldest copy found being often xviii PEEFACE. much posterior to the date contained in the docu- ment itself. These pieces are in some cases to be found in one MS. only, and in others, there are different editions of them found in different MSS. Where only one ms. authority exists, the text has been carefully printed from it. Where there is more than one MS., the oldest MS. is as a general rule selected for the text, and the collations with the other MSS. printed at the foot of the page. The reference to the MS. used for the text is placed under the title, and where there is reference to more than one MS., the first named is the one from which the text is taken. Where it is written in old French, Welsh, or Irish, a translation has been appended. As these pieces consist in the main of fragments of old chronicles and other early memorials, in which the exact form of every name, and the exact con- struction of every sentence, may be of importance, the Editor has, as a general rule, resolved, after full consideration, to make no conjectural emendations, either in the orthography or in the construction, but to present the document in the exact shape in which he found it, and he has rarely departed from this rule, x. century. 1. The Pictish Cheonicle. — The first piece, both The Pictisli . . p- ip* i_ ' it i n chrouicie. ui poiut 01 time and of importance, is that usually known by the name of the " Pictish Chronicle." It has already been printed, both by Innes and by Pinkerton ; but a more correct text is now given, with a facsimile of the entire chronicle as it appears PEEFACE. XIX in the Colbertine MS., from which it has been printed. This MS. is of the fourteenth century, and has evidently been transcribed at York, by Eobert de Populton, as there appears in folio 211, " Ora pro Popilton qui me compilavit "Eboraci," and again at folios 213 and 262, " Ora "pro fratre Koberto de Populton."* He ajDpears to have transcribed it from another MS., and not always correctly.^ It contains five pieces relating to the early history of Scotland, all of which are printed in this collection ; and these pieces seem to have been known to Eanulph Higden, as he quotes from them in his " Polichronicon," while the preface, and a great part of his chronicle, down to the reign of Edward the Third, is contained in this MS., the last year mentioned being the year 1316. The Pictish Chronicle, which is the most im- portant piece in this MS., consists of three parts : first, a preface, containing passages extracted and adapted from the " Origines " of Isidore of SeAdlle ; secondly, a list of Pictish kings, from Cruithne, the eponymus of the race, to Bred, the last king ; and, thirdly, a chronicle of the kings 1 On 19th May 1334 the Arch- bishop o£ York mentions " Wil- " liam de Poijulton seneschal of " our hospice." ^ At page 6, line 35, he has " Nectonius in vita julie rtianens" which has no meaning, and has probably been incorrectly copied. On referring to the facsimile, a line seems to be omitted, the one ending with m, and the next be- ginning with liens. At page 9, line 5, he has " Ciri- " ciumfilium,'" omitting the name of the father, which, from the Irish editions, appears to have been Dungal. XX PEEFACE. from Kenneth Macalpin to Kenneth, son of Mal- colm, with the leading events under each reign. Innes, however, was mistaken in supposing that this latter appears in the Colbertine MS. as a separate chronicle. AU three pieces are evidently transcribed as one chronicle, though possibly com- piled from different sources ; but there appears to be something omitted between the second and third division of the chronicle, as, in giving the events under the reign of Kenneth Macalpin, the expression occurs in the latter, " Pictavia autem a Pictis est " nominata quos ut diximus Cinadius delevit," while there is no mention of the destruction of the Picts in the previous part of the chronicle. "What the omitted part was, may be gathered from Higden's " Polichronicon," where his quotation of this very part of the chronicle is preceded by a short account of the destruction of the Picts by the treacherous slaughter of their nobles at a meeting with the Scots. It is the same account which is narrated at large by Giraldus Cambrensis in a chapter of his work, " De instructione Principum," printed in this collection (No. xxvii.), also, in the same connexion, in the chronicle extracted from the " Scalacronica " (No. XXXII.), and in the chronicle (No. xxxix.), in which it is given in the very words of Higden. On the margin of Giraldus' account is the expression, " De Pictis Scotorum prodicione cleletis," and the account in the latter chronicle concludes with the expression, " Sicque de duobus populis gens bellico- PEEFACE. xxi " sior totaliter est deleta." The tale is certainly an old one, as it is alluded to in the " Prophecy of St. " Berchan," and probajbly originally preceded the third division of the chronicle. The second and third divisions of this chronicle have obviously been translated into Latin from an Irish or old Gaelic original, as the translator has left some words untranslated, which he appears not to have understood. Thus, in the second division, he gives " Dadrest" as the name of a king who reigned one year ; but it is followed by " Drest " filius Girom et Drest filius Udrost 5 annis " conregnaverufit." It is plain that the syllable Ba is the Irish numeral Hvo, and the meaning is two Drests, viz., Drest son of Girom, and Drest son of Udrost, reigned five years together. Again, in the third division, under the reign of Constantine, son of Kenneth, he writes, " Occisi sunt Scoti co " Achcochlam," where co is the Irish preposition at, and the meaning is " at Achcochlam." Again, under the reign of Constantine, son of Ed, he men- tions the death of " Adhelstan filius Advar rig " Saxan," which is Irish for " king of the Saxons." Then in the following reign, he mentions that Malcolm plundered the English to the river Tees, and adds, " quam predam vocaverunt Scotti predam " albidosorum idem nainndisi." Na is the genitive plural of the Irish definite article ; Fionn is Irish for alhus or white, and forms fhinn, the / when aspirated being silent ; Dese is a mtdtitude or xxu PEEFACE. troup ; and alhidosorum is thus an attempt to translate na\_fli]inndisi. Fodresach, now Fetteresso, is also mentioned as being in Glaideom, and this, appears also to be an Irish word, as Fetteresso is in the district of the Mems, known to the Irish by the name of Maghcircin, or the plain of Circin ; and in two of the Irish legends of the Picts, they are said to have occupied this district as their Claideam- tir, or sword land/ Several other instances might be noted ; but it wiU suffice to add that the Irish word Dun appears to be translated by oppidum, " oppidum Fother" being a rendering of Dunfotlier, and " oppidum Eden" of Duneden; and that the chronicle concludes under the reim of Ken- neth, son of Malcolm, " Hie est qui tribuit magnam " civitatem Brechne Domino." Brechne is in Irish the form for the genitive case of the word Brechin. The chronicle is evidently connected with this part of the country, for, under the reign of the later kings, it records the deaths of the Maormors of Angus, and in giving the names of the seven sons of Cruithne, who are mythically supposed to have reigned after their father, but who represent seven districts of Scotland, whde all other editions of this part of the chronicle commence the series with Fibh • See Nos. sLii. and XLiv. M'Firbis, in his smaller genealo- gical work, states that there were six classes of Daer-chlanna, or servile tribes, among the ancient Irish. The third were the race of Saer-clilaiina, or free tribes, whose land was converted into Fearann ■ doidhimh, or sword- land, in their own territory, and who remained in it, in bondage, under the power of their enemies. PREFACE. xxiii or Fife, and place Circin at the end, the Pictish chronicle transposes these two, and commences the list with Circin, maintaining in other respects the same order. It is in Maghcircin, or the plain of Circin, that Brechin is situated ; and as the chronicle terminates with the foundation of an ecclesiastical settlement there, this chronicle was probably com- piled by the monks of Brechin. The termination of the chronicle in the middle of the reign of Kenneth, son of Malcolm, and the fact that while the years of the reign of the other kings are given, the years of Kenneth's reign are left blank, point to his reign as the period of its compilation. Kenneth reigned from 977 to 995, and the chronicle has accordingly been placed in this series between these dates. 2. Saxon AND Welsh additions to the " His- saxon and " toeia Beitonum." — Some time in the course of the ^0^3 ^ the' seventh or eighth centuries, a work was composed " S'^'°"'' ^'''- termed the " Historia Britonum," containing an ac- count of the early traditions of the different races inhabiting Britain, with the events of their history, partly legendary and partly real, from the departure of the Romans till the final subjugation of the island by the Saxons. The original work appears to have terminated with the foundation of the kingdom of Northumbria in 547. It seems to have been at once adopted by the Britons as the most popular exposition of their early history, and to have be- come the basis upon which subsequent writers interwove or attached additional matter ; and edi- XXIV PEEFACE. tions of this work were produced from time to time with such additions as had been then added to it. It would not, in the opinion of the Editor, be an altogether impossible task to disentangle it from these interpolations and additions, and to reduce it to what was probably its original form ; but the attempt would be out of place here. It is enough to say that the date and authors of two of the editions can be pretty well established : one by Mark the anchorite in 822, and another by Nennius in 858 ; and althougli the work is attributed by many of the Mss. to Gildas, yet it has generally been identified with the latter edition attributed to Nennius. So popular was this work, that there exist no fewer than thirty-three mss. of Nennius, and the Editor believes that in the traditions con- tained in this work, and in the interpolations and additions to it, is to be found the earliest state- ment of the legendary annals of the diflferent races who peopled Britain. He has therefore included ex- tracts from these additions, so far as they bear on the history of Scotland, in the present collection. The MSS. of Nennius may be divided into five classes : first, the Harleian MS., 3859, of the tenth century,^ and those which correspond with it. Second, the Vatican MS. of the same period,* and the Paris MS. (Bib. Imp. Latin, 11108), which corresponds with • The text of Mr. Stevenson's edition of Nennius, 1838, is taken from this MS. 2 Published by Mr. Gunn in 1819. PEEFACE. XXV it. Third, a class of later MSS., with additions written on the margin. These MSS. are all more or less connected with Durham. Fourth, a class of MSS. in Avhich these marginal additions have been incorporated into the text ; and it is from one of these that the usual text of Nennius has been edited. And fifth, the Irish translations. The dates of the Christian era in Nennius are given in two forms ; either " a passione Christi," or " ab " incarnatione Christi," and sometimes both are given together, on the principle that the date from the Passion is thirty-three years prior to the real date. It was, however, a custom among early writers to use the date from the Passion as equi- valent to that from the Incarnation, on the idea that the Passion or sufferings of Christ really com- menced with his assumption of humanity in his incarnation ;^ and a closer examination of the dates in Nennius will show that he used it in this sense ; that his date from the Passion is equivalent to the true date ; and that the later date added from the Incarnation is an interpolation. Thus, in the Vati- can MS. the dates are thus given : "a passione " Christi peracti sunt anni Dcccc.xlvi. Ab incarna- " tione autem ejus sunt anni Dcccc.lxxvi. et v " annus Eadmundi regis Anglorum." The fifth year of King Edward, however, corresponds with * Du Cange says, " Passio Do- " mini pro ejuadem incarnatione " interdum accipi, ex Charta ann. " 108.S, in Talmlar. Eccl. Caruot " supra observatum est in voce " minus" where he gives some other instances of it. d xxvi PEEFACE. the year 946 of the Christian era, and not with the year 976. It is therefore plain that the latter date is an interpolation, and that the passage originally ran, " a passione Christi peracti sunt auni Dcccc.xlvi " et V annus Eadmundi regis Anglorum." In pre- cisely similar terms, the date in the Harleian MS. is thus given : " a passione autem Christi peracti sunt " anni septingenti nonaginta sex, ab incarnatione " autem ejus anni sunt octingenti triginta unus," when, no doubt, the year 796 is the true date in- tended, and the later date is a subsequent interpola- tion. Some of the MSS. in the third class have the date from the Passion, of 8 7 9 in place of 796. When the date 946 in the Vatican MS. is said to be the fifth year of the reign of King Edmund, there must have been some reason for connecting that date with a pai'ticular year in the reign of a Saxon king. The Editor believes that reason to have been that, in the fifth year of King Edmund, he conquered the Welsh kingdom of Cumbria or Strath Clyde, and the con- quest may have brought the " Historia Britonum " to the knowledge of the Saxons. This conjecture is supported by the fact that the Paris MS., which almost entirely corresponds with the Vatican MS., is the only MS. of Nennius in which the proper names appear in the Saxon and not in the Welsh form. The Harleian ms. attaches to the text of Nennius' additions, consisting, first, of genealogies of the Saxon kings ; secondly, of a Welsh chronicle ; and thirdly, of Welsh genealogies. The Saxon genealogies are PEEFACE. xxvii also attached to the text in other Mss. ; but it appears that they had abeady existed prior to 858, as, in the edition of 858 by Nennius, they were rejected by him, while the genealogies and events recorded in them come no lower down than the year 738. There is therefore every reason to conclude that they belong to the edition of 796, if not to an earlier edition. Those parts of the genealogies which relate to that part of the Northumbrian kingdom, afterwards included within the limits of the king- dom of Scotland, are here inserted from the Harleian MS. in the extracts marked a and B. The chronicle marked c, from which extracts relating to events connected with Scotland are here printed, is the chronicle which, combined with two later chronicles, has been edited first by Mr. Petrie in his " Monu- " menta," and afterwards by Mr. Williams, under the title of " Annales Cambrise." It bears, in point of fact, no such title, and in its original form in the Harleian MS. is a true addition to the text of the " Historia Britonum." This is plain from a compari- son of the earlier part of the chronicle with the genealogies of the Saxons ; for the events there re- corded are likewise recorded in this chronicle, the names of the battles are the same, the same spell- ing of the proper names is preserved, and a pecu- liarity in the designation of one of the Northumbrian kings, Oswald, who in the " genealogia " alone of all the kings is termed " Eex Nordoram," appears in the chronicle where the same designation is applied to xxviii PEEFACE. him. The chronology of this chronicle is indicated by the repetition of the word annus for each suc- cessive year, whether blank or otherwise, and every tenth year is marked by a number. Although the last event recorded corresponds with the year 956, the word annus is repeated till the last recur- rence of it corresponds with the year 977, in which year the chronicle in its original form was no doubt written. Mr. DufFus Hardy, in his Introduction to the " Monumenta," observes that " the era on " which its chronology rests would concur with " the year 444 of the Incarnation, though no pro- " bable reason can be assigned for this particular " period having been selected for its commence- " ment." He also states that the earher portion appears to have been taken from an Irish chronicle. The present Editor is of the same opinion ; but the following entry from the " Annals of Ulster " may explain why the era of the MS. was 444 : " Anno " Domini cccc.xliiii Ardmacha fundata est." It was the era of the foundation of Amiagh, and the Irish chronicle, on which it Avas based, may have been connected with Armagh. The Welsh genealogies, extracts of those parts of which con- nected with Scotland are printed under letter D, are as plainly connected with the " genealogia " as the chronicle is. In the " genealogia " it is stated, in connexion with the reign of Hussa, " Contra ilium quatuor regis, Urbgen, et Eiderchen " et GuaUauc et Morcant dimicarunt ;" and in the PEEFACE. xxix Welsh genealogies, the pecligxees of Urien, Eederch, Guallauc, and Morcant follow in the same order. The pedigree of the kings of Wales, which is not here given, commences with Uen, son of Hywel dda, who reigned from 949 to 987, and thus the date of the compilation of these genealo- gies corresponds with that of the chronicle. The Welsh genealogies attached to this MS. of Nennius have not been hitherto published, and their main value for the history of Scotland consists in the fact that they contain a pedigree of the British kings of Strath Clyde, terminating with Run,^ the father of Eocha, king of Alban, by the daughter of Kenneth Macalpin, in which most of the recorded kings of Strath Clyde will be found. 3. The Tripartite Life of St. Patrick. — The Tripartite Among the lives of St. Patrick published by Col- Patrick. gan in his " Trias Thaumaturga," appears a Latin life, which he terms " Vita Tripartita." He so calls it, Ijecause it was a Latin translation, made by him- self from three Irish Mss., containing editions of the same life in old Irish. The Irish mss. used by Colgan cannot now be found or identified ; but the late Professor Currie, when employed to catalogue the Irish mss. in the British Museum, discovered ^ In the copies of the Pictish chronicle published by luiies and Pinkerton, this name has been printed Ku, but the letters K and R in the original can hardly be distinguished. If compared ^dth the name Ru, the twenty-eighth in the list of the Pictish kings, it will be seen that the letters are the same, and the letter u has a — over it, which has been omitted in their copies. Tho name is Ru7i, a common British name. XXX PREFACE. an Irish life of St. Patrick, which, on comparing it with Colgan's Latin version, he ascertained to be an Irish version of the " Tripartite Life," and subse- quently another Irish version of the same life was discovered by Dr. Todd in the Bodleian, which he considered to be still older. Professor Currie, in his lectures on the ms. materials of Irish history, considers this life to have been compiled in the eighth century. The Editor cannot place so old a date upon it, at least in its present form. The lan- guage even of the Bodleian ms. is not older than the eleventh century, and, after consideration of aU the circumstances, he has, with some hesitation, placed the compilation of the life itself in the tenth century. This life contains a very important notice of the settlement of the Scots in Britain under Aedan, king of Dabiada. There are indications that this notice formed a part of the oldest forms of the lives of St. Patrick, and it is here printed from the Bodleian ms., collated with that in the British Museum, as probably the earhest authentic notice of the Dalriadic colony. XI. century. 4. SYNCHRONISMS OF FlANN Ma INISTREACH. synciironisms ^(^jjiQng the aucicnt pieces in the Irish Mss. which of Flann Mam- o r istreach. throw light ou the historjr of Scotland, and which have not yet been published, are the " Synchron- " isms of Flann Mainistreach," or "of Bute," who died in the year 1056, in which he synchronizes the pi'ovincial kings of Ireland with the monarchs of the whole island, and includes among the former PEEFACE. xxxi the kings of Dalriada in Scotland, and the subse- quent kings of Scotland down to Malcolm the Second. These synchronisms were continued by another hand to the death of Muircheartach O'Brien in 1119, sixty-five years after Flann's death. The synchronisms with their continuation are preserved in the " Book of Lecain," a MS. of 1418, and the Editor has found another copy in the older " Book of Glendaloch," in the Bodleian (Eawlinson, B. 512). There is, however, a MS. in the Kilbride Collection, in the Advocates' Library, which gives the synchronisms, without the continuation, terminating with Malcolm the Second, who died during the life of Flann ; and as the rest of this ms. consists of poems which are the undoubted works of Flann himself, there seems little reason to doubt that it contains the work of Flann in its original shape. Professor Currie considers that these poems and prose pieces were written between the years 1014 and 1023. The lists of the kings of Scotland contained in the synchronisms are now printed from these Mss. for the first time. Since the text of this work has gone to press, the Editor has found another copy of the synchronisms, corresponding with those in the Kilbride MS., in ms. Eawlinson, B. 486, in the Bod- leian, a MS. of the fourteenth century.^ 5. Irish and Pictish Additions to the " His- iiish aud Pict- ish additions to the " Historia ' In page 22 the Editor has omitted to notice that b and c in- sert after Dub mac Malecolaim — A ear mac Maelcolaim. This king Britonum." does not occur in a nor in the Hst in MS. Bodl. , RawHnson, B. 486. xxxii PREFACE. " TORiA Britonum." — The Irish mss. contain several versions of an Irish translation of the " Historia " Britonum," with additions connected with the legendary history of the Picts and of the Scots of Ireland. This translation is said in one MS. to have been the work of Gillacaemhin, who died in the year 1072, and every indication afforded by the translation itself corresponds with this date. The earliest copy of the version appears in the " Leabhar " na h-uidhre," a MS. compiled by Maelmure, who died in the year 1 1 6, of which a fragment only is pre- served. A complete copy is preserved in the "Book " of Ballimote," a MS. of 1391. Another complete copy, and part of a fourth, in the " Book of Lecain," a MS. of 1418, and another copy in a MS. in Trinity College, Dublin, which cannot be dated earlier than the sixteenth century, and which was probably com- piled in the ye Scotia is repeatedly distin- guished from Arregaithel on the west, Moravia on the north, and Laodouia on the south, which im- plies that it was confined to a dis- trict within these limits. PEEFACE. Ixxix of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, and it is to part of this country that the name of Scotia was first applied. South of the Fu-ths, on the east, the kingdom of Lothian. Northumbria extended from the Humber to the Firth of Forth, and certainly reached as far west as the river Esk, while the Angles possessed settlements beyond that river along the south shores of the Firth as far as Abercorn. The Scottish chronicles apply to this part of the south of Scotland the general name of Saxonia ; but after the district from the Tweed to the Firth of Forth was ceded by Eadulf Cudel, Earl of Northumbria, to Malcolm the Second, in the year 1020, and became part of his dominions, . it went under the general name of Laodonia or Lothian. On the west, the kingdom of Cumbria, or Strath strathciyde Clyde, inhabited by a Welsh population, and governed by its own proper monarchs, extended from the Firth of Clyde far into England, and in- cluded Cumberland and part of Westmoreland.^ On the north of the Solway Firth, and surrounded by oaiioway. the territories of the Strathciyde Britons, was the district of Galloway, comprising the counties of Wigtown and Kirkcudbright. The ancient Celtic name for this district was, in Irish, Gallgaedhel, and in Welsh, Galwydel, which is its equivalent in that language ;^ in Welsh, the letter d is ^ Its southern boundary ap- pears to have been the river Der- weut, which now divides the diocese of Carlisle from that of Chester. 2 Though the Gallgaedhel, aa Ixxx PKEFACE. Calatria and Campus Man- anB. softened by aspiration to th, and from this name was formed tlie Latin denominations of Gallovidia and Galhveithia. The kingdom of Cumbria was conquered by Edmund, king of the Saxons, in 946, and transferred to Malcolm, king of the Scots ; and, when the boundary between England and Scotland was finally fixed at the Solway Firth, the name of Gallovidia or Galloway was applied to the whole of the western districts, extending from the Solway Firth to the Firth of Clyde. Between the kingdom of Northumbria and that of the Strathclyde Britons lay two small districts, termed Calatria and Campus Manann. Calatria was the district extending from Falkirk to the shore of the Firth, comprising what is called the Carse of Falkirk, and probably equivalent to the ancient parish of that name, which included the modern parishes of Falkirk, Denny, Polmont, and Muir- avonside. The Celtic name of this district was Calathros. It was bounded on the noi-th by the the name of a people, probably in- cluded the inhabitants of the Western Isles, Gallgaedel, as a territorial name, was Galloway. This is proved by the entry in the "Annals of Ulster" in the year 1199, in which Roland, Lord of Galloway, appears as " Kolant "mac Uchtraig ri Gallgaidhd" and by comparing the entry in the " Chronicle of Melrose," under the year 1234, "obiit Alanus filius " Rolandi domimts Galwethie," with that in the " Annals of " Ulster " in the same year, " Ailin " mac Uchtraig ri GaUriaidhel mor- "tuus est." It appears in its Welsh form of Galwydel in the " Prit Cyvarch Taliessin, Eingl " Galwydel gvinaont eu riifel" " the Angles and Galwegians made " their war." Galloway was also called simply Gall or Gal. JlacFir- bis terms the Lord of Galloway, Maormo7' Gall. Urien is called by Llywarch hen Hryr Oal, or the Eagle of Gal. Aili-ed calls the Galwegians also Galli. PEEFACE. Ixxxi Carron, on the south by the Avon, and on the east by the Firth.^ West of this lay the district called Campus Manand or Manann. The name Manand is the same in form with the Irish name of the Isle of Man, also caUed Manand. The epithet Campus or plain was probably applied to it to dis- tinguish it from the island. The Welsh form of the name is Manau, and the Isle of Man was hkewise known to them by that name. The district they termed Manau Gododin, to distinguish it from the island, and it is described in the Saxon and Welsh additions to the " Historia Britonum " as " Kegio que vocatur Manau Gododin in parte " sinistrali," or the north of Britain. This name is stiU preserved in that flat and barren moor forming the parish of Slamannan, and called of old Slaman- nan Muir." The name Slamannan is the Gaelic Sliabh Mannan, the word Sliahh meaning a moor, but it certainly extended as far as the river Almond, and may possibly have included the whole of the modern county of Linlithgow ; and as this county approaches at the Queensferry within a short dis- tance of the opposite coast of the Fixlh, it may have ' Ailred, in his history " De " Bello Standardi," puts the fol- lowing expression into the mouth of Walter Espec : — " Isti sunt " utique qui nobis quondam non " resistendum sed ccdendum puta- " runt cum Anglise victor Wil- " lelmus Laodoniam, Calatriam, " Scotiara usque ad Abernith " penetravit." In the " Chartu- " lary of Glasgow," p. 9, Dufotyr de Calatcria witnesses a charter of King Bavid. Calathros appears frequently in the " Irish Annals." ^Tighemac, in 7 11, has "Strages " Pictorum iu Camjio Manand a " Saxonis." The " Saxon Chroui- " cle" gives the same event as hap- pening " betwix Haefe and Caere" — the Avon and the Carron. Ixxxii PEEFACE. Two great mountain- chains, the Mounth and Dramalban. even extended beyond it, and left another trace of its name in the county of Clatkmannan. Beyond the Firths of Forth and Clyde the great leading physical features which influenced its terri- torial distribution were two great mountain-chains. One, termed the Mounth, extended right across the island, from sea to sea, ia one continuous and un- broken ridge. Its western termination was the great mountain of Ben Nevis, rising in one unbroken mass from a plain a little above the level of the sea to the height of 4370 feet, from thence it extended along the south side of Glen Spean and by the hill of Ben Alder between Loch Laggan and Loch Ericht ; it then forms the boundary between the counties of Perth and Inverness, till it reaches the hills at the head of the Dee, rivalling Ben Nevis in height, and it continues along the south side of the Dee, forming the great barrier between the county of Aberdeen on the one hand, and those of Forfar and Kincar- dine on the other, untU it finally sinks into the plain near the eastern sea. Its name is stiU pre- served in the latter part of the range in the pass over the hUls called the Cairn o' Mounth. The second great mountain-chain cuts it at right angles, and forms the great wind and water shear which separates the waters flowing into the western sea from those running eastwards. It was called in Latin Dorsum Britannice and Dorsi Monies Brit- annici, and its Gaelic name was Drumalhan, the Gaelic word Drum being the equivalent of the Latin PEEFACE. Ixxxiii Dorsum. It might be fitly viewed as the backbone or ridge of Scotland, from which the rivers and glens radiated like ribs on each side. It takes its rise north of the level isthmus which separates the Firths of Forth and Clyde in the mountains lying on the east side of Loch Lomond, of which Ben Lomond is the chief, and proceeds by the head of Loch Kat- rine to the Braes of Balquhidder, and then forms the chain which di^ades the county of Perth from that of Ai-gyle. This part of the range is termed, in the description of Scotland (No. xvii.), the "Montes " qui dividunt Scotiam ab Arregaithel," and traces of the name are found in Cairndrum and Tyndrum, at the head of Glen Dochart, meaning " the cairn of "the Brum" and "the house of the i)rMm."^ The chain is broken by the great moor of Eannoch, but intersects the main ridge of the Mounth or Grampians at Ben Alder, and proceeds north, cross- ing the great glen of Scotland between the Oich and the Lochy at a place called Achadrum, or "the " field of the Drum ;" it then proceeds through the centre of Eoss-shire, dividing the eastern and western waters, and crosses the strath called the Dearymore, extending from Dingwall to Loch ' In the " Description of Scot- " land" (No. xvii.), Albania is said to have in it the figure of a man. The head and neck are in Arre- gaithel. The body is " mens " Mound" extending from the west to the east sea. The arms are the " montes fjui dividunt " Scociam ab Arregaithel," pro- jecting from each side of the " mous Mound" at right angles. The legs are the Spey and the Tay. When the diocese of Dunkeld was divided into deaneries, the first was " in limitibus Athola; et " Drumalbaue." 1 XXXIV PEEFACE. Broom, at a place where the waters, running east and west, flow from a little lake called Loch Droma, or " the Lake of the Brum" tOl it finally loses itself in the mountains of Sutherland.^ Provinces north Of the early territorial divisions of the country and Clyde*'* north of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, two accounts have been preserved to us, in the " Description of " Scotland" (No. xvii.), which, though difi"ering in detaU, state the provinces into which it was divided as having been seven in number. The first account states the seven provinces as having consisted, first, of Angus and Mearns, or the coun- ties of Forfar and Kincardine ; second, Athole and Gowrie, being Perthshire east of the Tay and north of Dunkeld ; third, Strathearn and Monteath, form- ing the south-western part of Perthshire ; fourth, Fife and Fothreve, fonning the modern counties of Fife and Kinross ; fifth, Mar and Buchan, or the counties of Aberdeen and Banfi"; sixth, Murray and Ross, or the counties of Elgin, Nairn, Inverness, Ross, and Cromarty ; and seventh, Cathanesia, or the counties of Sutherland and Caithness. The second account states the seven pro\'inces as follows : — The first consisted of a district described as extending from the Forth to the Tay, that is, of Monteath and Strathearn : the second is a district ^ This range was likewise called Brunalban or Brunhere, that is, the Bruinrt, borders or limit of Alban or of Eire, according as it was viewed with reference to Al- bania on the east, or to Erin and its colony of Dalriada on the west. The slopes or "braes" on the east were termed Braighanalban, now softened into Breadalbane. PEEEACE. Ixxxv described as extending from the Tay to the HUef, and then as the sea sweeps round the district till it reaches a mountain at Athran, near Stirling. If by Hilef is here meant the Isla, the description is inapplicable to the boundary of any district ; but the county of Perth meets the county of Forfar on the shore of the Firth of Tay at a stream called the Liff, and there is a tradition that the Isla once flowed into the sea here. If the Litf is the stream meant, the description is plain enough, as there is no doubt that Athran is the modern Aithrey, for- merly called Atheray, near Stirling. This pro- Adnce, then, included Gowrie, Fife, Kinross, and Clackmannan. The third district is described as extending from the Hilef or Liff to the Dee — that is, the modern counties of Forfar and Kincar- dine. The fourth extends from the Dee to the Spey, includiag the counties of Aberdeen and Banff ; the fifth, from the Spey to Brunalban, or the district of Athole ; the sixth, Murray and Eoss ; and the seventh, Arregaithel. These two different accounts of the seven pro^'inces obviously belong to different periods in the history of the country, and probably both existed in their own period. The leading differences between the two are that, in the second account, Gowrie is detached from Athole and included in the same district with Fife and Fothreve, and that this district is extended west as far as Aithrey, near Stirling; and, secondly, that Catha- nesia is omitted, and Arregaithel substituted for it. Ixxxvi PEEFACE. The first account probably belongs to a period prior to the Scottish conquest, while the little king- dom of Dalriada on the west coast was independent of the kingdom of the Picts, and these seven pro- vinces belonged to the latter kingdom only. They formed the territory which was termed by the old Irish writers Cruiihintuaith, and by the Latin chroniclers Pictavia. The second account probably belongs to a period after the Scottish conquest, when the country form- ing the centre of the Pictish kingdom, of which Scone, in the district of Gowrie, was the chief seat, was more immediately subjected by them ; when Cathanesia had been taken possession of by the Norwegian Earls of Orkney ; and Arregaithel united to the rest of the Idngdom. In the twelfth century, the territory forming the later kingdom of Scotland presented itself as consisting of the following provinces : — South of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, the districts were comprised under the two designations of Lao- donia on the east, and Gallowedia on the west. North of the Firths, lay a district bounded by the Firth of Forth on the south, Drumalbau on the west, and the Spey on the north, which first acquired the name of Albania, and afterwards that of Scotia, when that name was first applied to any part of Scotland. It was usually termed in docu- ments of that period Albania, qucB modo dicitur Scotia. North of it, beyond the Spey, lay the dis- PEEFACE. Ixxxvii trict of Moravia, consisting of Murray and Eoss ; and west of it extended the great district of Ergadia, divided from it by the monies qui dividunt Scotiam ah Arregaithel. This district extended as far north as Loch Broom, and seems to have consisted of three parts : the southern part, Ergadia quce ad Scotiam pertinet ; the middle part, Ergadia quce ad Moraviam pertinet; and the northern part, Ergadia Borealis quce est comitis de Ros. It was also termed Oirirgael and Oirir Alban, and was divided into Oirir an deas, or the southern Oirir, and Oirir an tuaith, or the northern Oirir. West of this, in the sea, lay the Inchegall, or Western Isles, termed by the Norwegians the Sudreyar, or Sudreys.-'' ^ In the " Description of Bri- " tain " (No. xxiv.), the provinces %yithin the limits of Scotland are thus enumerated : from Tede to Forthi, (l)Looniaand (2) Galweya, then "(3) Albania tota, que modo " Seocia vocatur, et (4) Morouia, " et (5) omnes insule oecidentales ' ' oceani usque ad Norwegiam et ns- ** que Daciam, scilicet, Kathenes- " sia, Orkaneya, Enchegal, et Man, " et Ordas, et Gurth, et eetere in- " sule occidentalis oeceani circa " Norwegiam et Daciam." In one of the laws of King William the Lyon (de lege que vocatur Clareraa- than) these provinces are very clearly indicated. It commences — " De catallo furato et calumpniato " statuit dominus Rex apud Perth " quod in quacutique proiniicia sit " inventum," etc. It then re- fers to them thus : — " Si ille qui " calumpniatus est de catallo " furato vel rapto vocat warentum " suum aliquem hominem man- " entem inter Spey et Forth vel " inter Drvmalban et Forth,'" that is, a district bounded by the Spey, Drumalban, and Forth. Then we have " Et si quis ultra " illas divisa^ valet in Moravia vel " in Eos vel in Katenes vel in " Ergadia vel in Kintyre." Then we have " Ergadia que pertinet "ad Moraviam." Then "Si " calumpniatus vocaverit waren- " turn aliquem in Ergadia que " pertinet ad Scociam tunc veniat " ad Comitem Atholie," showing that the part of Ergadia next Athole was said to belong to Seocia as distinguished from Mo- ravia. Then we have " Omnes " illi qui ultra Forth manserint in " .Laudonia vel in Galwedia." In Ixxxviii PREFACE. IV. Inhabitakts of the coun- trt, their legends and history prior TO 634. There can be no question that the territory forming the subsequent kingdom of Scotland was, in the seventh century, when we have sure historic data to go upon, peopled by four races, the Picts, Scots, Angles, and Britons or AVelsh. For this we have the authority of Bede. AVritiug of a period when his testimony cannot be questioned, he says of Oswald, king of Northumbria, who reigned from 634 to 642 : " Denique omnes nationes et provin- " cias Brittanise, quse in quatuor linguas, id est, " Brittonum, Pictorum, Scottorum et Anglorum " divisae sunt, in ditione accepit" (Lib. ITI. c. vi.) ; and this statement affords us a certain basis to start from. What the earlier relations of these four races towards each other had been, we learn from a pas- sage of the Eoman historian, Ammianus Marcellinus, who describes the first great outburst of the Bar- baric tribes upon the Roman province in Britain, in the year 360, when he says, under the year 364, " Picti Saxonesque et Scoti et Attacoti Britannos " Eeioimnis vexavere continuis." The Britons were the inhabitants of the Roman province, which then extended to the Fii'ths of Forth and Clyde, and was protected from the Barbaric tribes by the Roman the charter by Robert the Fii-st to Thomas Randolph of the king's lands in Moravia, they are said to extend " ad marchias borealis " Ergadie que est comitis de " Ros." The names of Oirirgael, Oirir an tuaith and Oirir an. deas occur frequently in M'Vurich's M3S. PREFACE. Ixxxix wall between these estuaries ; and the Picts, Scots, and Saxons were then the assailants of the pro- vince. Two centuries and a half afterwards, all four nations occupied fixed settlements in Britain, and had formed permanent kingdoms within its limits. When Bede states emphatically that, in the year Tie Angles. 449, the " Gens Anglorum sive Saxonum " had been invited by King Vortigern to protect the Britons against the Picts and Scots, and then settled for the first time in the island, there can be little doubt that he had affixed a purely artificial date to what was a mere legendary account of their first settlement ; and there is every reason to believe that tribes of the great confederate nation of the Saxons had efi'ected settlements on the east coast of Britain long before that period. The author of the " Historia Britonum," certainly writing at a period equally early, dates the first arrival of the Saxons in the 347th year after the Passion of Christ ; and in a AVelsh chronicle printed in this 'collection (No. xxvi.), the age of Vortigern is said to have been 128 years before the battle of Badwn, which the chronicle attached to the " Historia " Britonum " dates at 516, thus removing him to the year 388. When Bede, however, in the short summary contained in his last chapter, states, " Anno DXLVii. Ida regnare coepit, a quo regalis " Nordanhymljrorum prosapia originem tenet, et " duodecim annis in regno permansit," lie probably h xo PEEFACE. states a fact, the date of which was well ascertained, while the narrative in the " Historia Britonum " is brought down, " usque ad tempus quo Ida regnavit, " qui fuit Eobba fihus, ipse fuit primus rex in " Beornicia, id est, im Berneich." It is with Bernicia alone that we have here to do, though it formed only a part of the kingdom of Northumbria ; but being that part of it which lay to the north of the river Tyne, it alone was comprised within the limits of the kingdom of Scotland in the days of Fordun. We may hold it then as certain that, prior to the year 547, there were settlements of Angles on the east coast of Britain, lying between the Humber and the Firth of Forth, and that in that year, Ida had formed a kingdom in the old British district called Bryneich, the chief seat of which was the Castle of Bamborough, and which extended by degrees north- wards till it reached the Firth of Forth. Ida, according to Bede, died in the year 559, but while the possessions of the Angles in Deira, which lay south of the Tees, fell under the sway of Ella, a chief of the Angles, to whom a different pedigree is given, Ida was succeeded in Bernicia by eight of his sons, who reigned one after another. Their names are given in the additions to Nennius, but in the order in which they are stated to have reigned by him, by Florence of Worcester, and by Simeon of Durham, they diflPer very much from each other. AU the lists agree in making Adda the successor of Ida, but a comparison of the lists shows very clearly Ill CI a. PEEFACE. xci ■ that the author of the Saxon additions to Nennius has simply inverted the order of his successors. The following table will show the real order of their reigns, with the event noted by Nennius under each : — A.D. 547-559. Ida, first king of Bernicia, reigned 12 years. Table of the 559-566. Adda, son of Ida, . . . .„ 7 „ kings of Ber- 566-567. Clappa, son of Ida, . . . • » 1 567-574. Hussa, son of Ida, . . . ■ >, 7 Contra iUum quatuor reges Urbgen et Riderchen ot Guallauc et Morcant dimicaverunt. 574-580. Freodulf, son of Ida, . . . . „ 6 „ 580-587. Theodric, son of Ida, . . . . ,, 7 ,, Contra ilium Urbgen cum filiis dimi- cabat fortiter. In illo tempore aliquan- do hostes, nunc cives, vincebantur. 587-594. Athelric, son of Ida, . . . . „ 7 „ 594-617. Ethelfrid, son of Athelric, . . . „ 24 „ Rex fortissimus et glorias cupidissi- mus, qui plus omnibus Anglorum pri- matibus gentem vastavit Britonum. Nemo enim in tribunis, nemo in regibus plm-es eorum terras extermi- natis vel subjugatis indigenis aut tri- butarias genti Anglorum aut habita- biles fecit. 617-633. Edwin, son of EUa, . . . . „ 17 „ 633-634. Anfrid, son of Ethelfrid, . . . „ 1 „ 634. Oswald, son of Ethelfrid, rex Nordorum. On the death of Ethelfred, Edwin, the son of EUa, king of the Angles of Deira, drove his sons out of Bernicia, and united both divisions of North- umbria under his own rule. Three of the sons of Ethelfred who afterwards reigned, viz., Eanfrid, xcii PEEFACE. Oswald, and Osway, according to Bede, had taken refuge with the Picts or Scots, and remained in exile during the whole of the reign of Edwin. We know from Bede that Oswald took refuge in lona among the Columban monks of the Scottish race. Eanfrid seems to have been received by the Pictish king, and to have married a Pictish princess, whose son afterwards reigned over the Picts. After a reign of seventeen years, Edwin was slain in battle by Cead- walla, king of the Britons, who had invaded his territories in conjunction with Penda, king of the Mercians. The battle in which he was slain was fought, according to Bede, on 12th October 633, at a place which he calls Haethfelth, supposed to be Hatfield, in the AVest Biding of Yorkshire ; but in the additions to the " Historia Britonum," it is called the battle of Meicen. On the death of Ed^vin, Eanfred, the son of Ethelfred, was recalled, and placed over Bernicia, but was slain by the British king after a year, who was in his turn slain in battle by Oswald at a place called by Bede, Denisesbuma, or Hefenfelth, near the Roman wall, but which, in the additions to the " Historia Britonum," is called the battle of Catscaul. Although Bede does not name the British king who was slain in this battle, he cer- tainly implies that it was the same Ceadwalla who slew King Edwin in the previous year ; but Tigher- nac seems to indicate that they were different per- sons, for he calls the king who fought with Edwin " Con, Rex Britonum," while he terms the king PKEFACE. xciii who slew Eanfrid, and was himself slain by Oswald, " Cathlon, Eex Britonum." The short notices of events under the reigns of The Briton the sons of Ida, given in the additions to the " His- " toria Britonum," show that soon after Ida's death they had come into contact with kings of the north- ern Britons, and they appear, before the accession of Edwin, to have extended their territories to the Firth of Forth, and to have wrested the whole of the east- ern districts from them, — conquests which were com- pleted and firmly established by Edwin himself, who, according to Bedc, "Omnes Brittanias fines, " qua vel ipsorum vel Britonum pi*ovinciae habitant, " sub ditione acceperit" (Lib. ii. c. ix.) The Britons appear from the notices of their conflicts with the sons of Ida to have been divided into several petty states, under their own kinglets, and were now con- fined to the western districts, extending from the Mersey to the Firth of Clyde. A great battle, how- ever, was fought in the year 573, at a place called Ardderyd, which can be clearly identified with Arthuret, on the banks of the river Esk, about five miles north of Carlisle, in the narrow plain which forms, as it were, a great pass between the British territories lying north and south of the Sol way. This battle, though the subject of much bardic tradition, seems undoubtedly to have been a his- torical event, and the result of it was to unite the greater part of these districts under the sway of one monarch, termed, in the additions to xciv PEEFACE. the " Historia Britonum," RyderclieD, who fixed his seat at the strong fortification termed by Bede Alclyde, and known to the Gaelic population by the name of Dunbreatan, or the fort of the Bri- tons, afterwards corrupted into Dumbarton. We are now on historic ground, as this king is men- tioned by Adomnan in his " Life of St. Columba," who entitles one of his chapters, " De rege Roderco filio " Tothail, qui in Petra Cloithe regnavit, Beati viri " prophetia ;" and a succession of kings of the same race followed him till the reign of Constantine, king of Scots, in the beginning of the tenth century, when, on the death of Donald, king of the Britons, the brother of the Scottish king was elected his suc- cessor, and, in the year 946, the kingdom of Strath Clyde, or Cumbria, was invaded and conquered by Edmund, king of England, and given by him to Malcolm, the Scottish king. A genealogy of these British kings of Strath Clyde is fortunately pre- served in the additions to the " Historia Britonum " (No. II. D.), and serves to connect the scattered notices of them which occur in the chronicles. The following table w^iU show their l:)earing upon each other : — PREFACE. Ceretic guletic Cmmt Dungual hen xcv Guipno .1 Neithon Beli I. Eugein I Elfin Beli I Teudehur Dunnagual Eugein I Riderch Dunnagual I Arthgal I Run Table of the kings ot Strath- clyde. Cliuoch Cinbelin Tutagual Clinog Eitin [Clinog of Eidin) Riderch hen 573-601 Rodercus filius Totail reg- navit in Petra Cloithe. — Adorn. 658 Mors Gureit regis Aloch- luaithe. — Ari. Ult. 693 Brude mac Bile rig Fortren moritur. — Tlgh. 694 Domnall ms^a Auin rex Aloch- luaithe moritur. — Tigh. 722 Beli filius Elfin rex Aloch- luaithe moritur. — Tigh. 750 Teudubr filius Beli rex Aloch- luaithe moritur. — Tigh. 760 Dunnagual filiua Teudubr moritur. — An. Cam. 872 Artgha rex Britannorum Srathcluade consilio Constantini filii Cinadon occisus est. — Ayi. Ult. 878 Echodius filius Run regis Britonum. — P. C. If that part of Scotland which lay to the south Tiie Picts. of the Firths of Forth and Clyde was thus divided between an Anglic and a British or Welsh popu- lation, the northern regions beyond these great natural landmarks were apparently shared between the Pictish and the Scottish nations ; while Bede, who makes the Scots a colony from Ireland, indi- xcvi • PEEFACE. cates that before their arrival, the Picts were in the exclusive possession of that part of Scotland. The tradition of the settlement of the Picts is repre- sented to us in several distinct forms. By Bede, by the " Historia Britonum," and by the Welsh tradi- tions, they ajjpear as a people coming from Scjiihia, and acquiring first Orkney, and afterwards Caith- ness, and then spreading over Scotland from the north. In the "Pictish Chronicle" the Picti and the Scoti are both derived from the Albani of Albania in Asia, and are made two branches of the same people. In the additions to the Irish Nennius they appejir under the name of Cruithne, and are said to have been originally Agathyrsi, and to have taken possession of the islands Orkney, from whence they spread over the north of Britain, under their epomj- mus Cruithne, who had seven sons, who di\aded the land into seven divisions ; from thence "a portion of them go to France, and buUd the city of Pictavis or Poitiers, and return from thence to Ireland, from whence they are once more driven to Scotland ; and part of this tradition appears in a more extended shape, and is said to have been taken from the books of the Picts (No. v., a. b. c.) In another form of the tradition, they come from Thrace, under six bro- thers, and land in Ireland, where a part remain and colonize the plain of Bregia, in Meath, and the rest go to Scotland, under the leading of Cathluan, from whom seventy kings reign in Scotland to Constantine,* the last of the Picts (No. v., D.) In another form, it PREFACE. xcvii is Ciiithnechan who is sent by the sons of Milesius from Ireland to assist the Britons of Fortren against the Saxons, and wrests from the latter the district of Mashcircin, or the Mearns, which he retains as his sword-land (No. v., e.) In another form, they are eighteen soldiers of Thrace, who encounter the Mile- sians in Germany, on their wanderings from Egypt, and accompany them to Ireland, where they are put in possession of Cruithintuaith or Pictavia, in Scotland ; and in one form of this tradition, the Cruithne of Ulster are likewise identified Avith them (Nos. XLii., XLiii.) In all of these traditions it is obvious that they are taken in their wanderings to every part of Europe where the name of Picti or Pictones could be found, and connected with every people who re- sembled them either in name, or of whom the custom of painting the body, by puncturing the skin, which was their peculiar characteristic, is recorded. Of these traditions, some are probably of British origin, some are the traditions of the Picts themselves, and some connected with the Irish fables. It is undoubted that a gTcat part of the population of Ulster, though latterly confined within narrow limits, consisted of a people termed likewise Cruithne, and that there was also a settlement of them in Meath ; and there can be little doubt that they were, in point of fact, the same people. There is even reason to conclude that, down to the beginning of the seventh century, they were so closely connected as to form but one nation. At a time when the xcviii PREFACE. whole of the north of Scotland and part of the north of Ireland was peopled by the same race of Cruithne, there must have been much intercourse between them, and both countries must have been viewed by them as one territory. Whether, there- fore, the traditions represent them as first arriving in Ireland and proceeding to Scotland, or first arri\njig in Scotland and passing over to Ireland, it amounts, in point of fact, to no more than that Cruithne of the same race were to be found in both countries. One common feature, however, accompanies almost every form of this tradition, viz., that the Cruithne or Picts were a colony of soldiers who married wives whom they had obtained from the Irish. This feature existed at a very early date, as it is men- tioned by Bede, and acquired strength from the fact that it was connected with a peculiar form of succession through females among the Picts, of whom it was supposed to indicate the origin. Ac- cording to Bede, they applied for and obtained wives from the Scoti. In the Welsh traditions, they are said to have applied first to the Britons, by whom they were refused, and afterwards gone to Ireland and obtained ^vives of Gwy^ddyl. In the Irish traditions, they apply to the sons of Mdesius to give them the wives of a party of Milesians who had been drowned on their voyage to Ireland. The original form of the tale probably is, that they are said to have obtained wives of the race of Gwyddyl, or Gael. PEEFACE. xcix All such legends, however fanciful or childish they appear to be, express some truth, or contain within them some ethnologic fact, and it is the existence of the peculiar truth or fact which creates, as it were, the legend which is supposed to ac- count for it. Such legends either express the popular explanation of some social or ethnologic peculiarity, or a genuine tradition is conveyed under the form of a symbolic or allegoric tale. This kind of legend of a colony of soldiers marry- ing wives from a population which preceded them in the country is not peculiar to the Picts, and its meaning is well indicated by the analogous case of the Britons of Armorica. Nennius, in relating the legendary settlement of the Britons in Armorica under Maximus, has this addition in some copies : " Acceptisque eorum uxoribus et filiabus in con- " jugium, omnes earum linguas amputavemnt, ne " eorum successio matemam linguam disceret ;" that is, in order to prevent their descendants speak- ing the language of their mothers' race, they cut out their tongues. According to the legend, if this had not been done, the colonizing Britons would have spoken the language of the people from whom they had obtained wives. The legend is based upon the con- ception that children learn their language from their mothers, and is conveyed in the popular expression " the mother tongue." As soon, therefore, as the idea took root that the Picts were not the old inhabitants of the country, but a foreign colony who settled c PEEFACE. among them, if their language was at all akin to that of the older population, the popular explanation must at once have arisen, that they had married wives of the older race, from whom they learned their language ; but while the primary idea in this legend is a linguistic one, it certainly may also have been intended to account for an obvious mixture of race. In the Welsh legends, the Picts are said from this marriage with wives of the race of the Gwyddyl, to have been called Gwyddyl Ffichti; but in the form of it in Layamon's "Brut" it is un- doubtedly used to explain the language of the Picts :— " Through the same ■women, Who there long dwelt, The folk gan to speak Ireland's speech ;" and the same idea is expressed in the chronicle quoted in the " Scala Chronica," which states that they obtained their wives from Ireland, " on condi- " tion that their issue should speak Irish." The other peculiarity, which this legend was sup- posed to account for, was the law of succession among the Picts through females. Bede states that they obtained their wives from the Scots, " ea solum " conditione, ut ubi res perveniret in dubium, magis " de feminea regum prosapia, quam de masculina, " regem sibi eligerent, quod usque hodie apud " Pictos constat esse servatum" (Lib. i. c. i.) This testimony of Bede shows that such a rule of sue- PEEFACE. ci cession undoubtedly existed and was in force among the Picts in his day. It implies that succession through males took place up to a certain point, and that, when that failed, succession through females was preferred. The same idea is espressed in the Irish legends in different forms. On examining the list of the Pictish kings down to the times of Bede, we find that there are numerous instances of brothers succeeding each other, but that in no one instance does a son succeed his father. Where, therefore, there were several sons of the same mother, they appear to have succeeded each other according to a law of male succession of very general application, which preferred brothers before sons ; but when the last brother had succeeded, the period seems to have arrived expressed by Bede in the words, " ubi res "perveniret in dubium," and then the succession went through daughters in preference to sons. Such a cus- tom must manifestly have arisen from an originally lax relation among the sexes, when no filiation could be predicated with certainty, except between a son and a mother, and thus alone the continuance of the royal blood could be secured. But the lists of the Pictish kings present, on examination, some further peculiarities. Fi^'st, The names of the fathers and of the sons are quite different. In no case does the name borne by any of the sons appear among the names of the fathers, nor, conversely, is there an instance of the father's name appearing among the sons. Second, cii PEEFACE. The names of the sons consist of a few Pictish names borne by sons of cliiFerent fathers. There are — 6 Drusts, 5 Talorgs, 3 Nectans, 2 Galans, 6 Gartnaidhs, 4 Briides. In no case does the name of a father occur twice in the list of fathers. Third, In the list there are two cases of sons bearing Pictish names whose fathers are known to have been strangers, and these are the only fathers of whom we have any account. They are — 1. Talorg Mac Ainfrit. His father was undoubtedly Ainfrit, son of Aethelfrit, king of Northumbria, who took refuge among the Picts, and afterwards became king of Northumbria. 2. Brude Mac BUe. His father was a Welshman, king of the Strath- clyde Britons. In an old poem, Brude Mac Bile is called son of the king of Ailcluaide, i.e., Dumbarton ; and when, by the battle of Dunnichen, he became king of the Picts, another old poem says, " to-day " Brude fights a battle about the land of his grand- " father." Mr. M'Lennan, in his very original work on primitive marriage, to whom these facts were communicated by the Editor, states that they raise a strong presumption " that all the fathers " were men of other tribes. At any rate, there re- " mains the fact that, after every deduction has been " made, the fathers and mothers were in no case of " the same family name ;" and he refers its origin to the existence among them at an early period of what he calls " polyandry," wdth which he considers that the system of kinship through females only is PEEFACE. ciii invariably connected. To this it may be added that the children of foreign parents by Pictish mothers bearing exclusively Pictish names show that they were adopted into the tribe of their mothers ; and if it was a social law of the Picts that the women could alone marry either strangers or men of a different tribe, while the language of the people was akin to that spoken by the Gwyddyl or Gael, it may not unnaturally have given rise to the legend that the Picts were a stranger people, who had married wives of the race of the Gwyddyl on condition that their succession should take place through females only. Turning now to the legend which is expressly said to have been taken from the books of the Picts, and therefore applies more peculiarly to their kingdom in Scotland, we find it there stated that Cruithne, the eponymus of the race, had seven sons, Fib, Fidach, Fodla, Fortren, Cait, Ce, Ciric, and that they divided the country into seven portions. This means simply that the territory occupied by the Cruithne in Scotland consisted of seven provinces bearing these names. Five of these can be identified. Fib is obviously Fife, Fortren can be identified with the western parts of the county of Perth, including the vale of Strathearn ; Fodla appears in the name Atfodla, the old form of the word now corrupted into Athole ; Ciric or Circin, as he appears in the "Pictish Chronicle," is found in the name Maghcircin, now corrupted civ PREFACE. into Mearns ; Cait is Catlianesia or Caithness ; and tlie only two names unidentified, are Fidach and Ce. In one of the legends, the Picts are said to have extended from Cait to Forcu. The former is Caithness, the latter obviously the word Forch or Froch, the name given to the Forth, in which it is still preserved ; and this whole territory, which was divided into these seven provinces, was called Cruithintuaith. This legend proceeds to say that Oenbecan, the son of Cait, was king over the whole seven provinces, and that Finechta was king over Erin, that is, over the Cruithne of Ireland ; and it is added that he took hostaoes of the Cruithne. This O little fact stated, affords a clue to the date of the foundation of the great kingdom of the Picts ; for the same legend states that thh-ty kings of the Picts ruled over Albau and Erin for 150 years ; and another form of the Irish legend states that there were thirty kings of the Cruithne oyer Erin and Alban, viz., of the Cruithne of Alban, and of the Cruithne of Erin, from OUamhan to Fiachna Mac Baedain, who fettered the hostages of Erin and Alban. Finechta is there given as the son and successor of Ollamhan, and if he took hostages of the Cruithne, and Fiachna Mac Baedan fettered the hostages of Erin and Alban, we seem to have a termmus a quo and a terminus ad quern for the union of the Cruithne of the two countries under the same supreme sovereignty. Fiachna Mac Baedan reigned over Dalnaraidhe, or the Irish Picts, from PREFACE. cv 592 to 626, and a period of 150 years taken from these dates gives us a year between 442 and 476 for the commencement of the Pictish monarchy, — a date not many years after the event recorded by Gildas, where he says, " Picti in extrema " parte insulse tum primum et deinceps requi- " everunt." Finechta is followed by four kings, the last two of whom are Gest and Urgest, and then follows Brude Pont, and it is added, that there were thirty Brudes, but twenty-eight only are enumerated ; fourteen of them have a mono- syllabic epithet after then' name, and the other fourteen the same monosyllable, with the prefix Ur. It is probable, therefore, that Gest and Urgest should be added to make up the thirty. It is added that these are the names of the men, and the portions of the men ; and the whole is said to be taken from the books of the Picts. That these monosyllables enter into the composition of the Pictish proper names is plain enough ; but they probably also entered into the names of smaller districts, which cannot now be identified. The southern portion of the Picts, which, according to Bede, were divided from the northern, " Arduis " atque horrentibus montium jugis," had been before this time converted to Christianity by the preaching of St. Ninian ; and Bede states that in the ninth year of Brude, son of Maelcon, who reigned over the northern Picts, that division of the nation was con- verted to Christianity by St. Columba. We now CVl PEEFACE. find ourselves upon historic ground, for this king is likewise mentioned by Adomnan in his " Life of St. " Columba," who describes him as having his palace on the banks of the river Ness, where it issues from the lake of that name. He also occurs in all the lists of the Pictish kings as having reigned thirty years, and his death is recorded by Tighernac in the year 583, which would place his ninth year in the year 562, while he records the mission of St. Columba in the following year. The chronicles, in the main, agree in his successors down to the period of the reign of Oswald. Brude was succeeded by Gamait, son of Donald, and he by Nectan, son or grandson of Verb,' after whom comes Cinoch, son of Luchtren, and he is followed by three brothers, who reigned in succession, Garnad, Bredei, and Talorc, sons of Wid or Foith, who occupied the Pictish throne during the whole of the reign of Oswald. The Picts then possessed the whole of Scotland north of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, with the exception of the comparatively small district lying to the north of the Firth of Clyde, termed Dalriada, ' The " Irish Aunals" mention the death of Garnad in 599, of Cinaeth mac Luchtren in 531, and of Garnad mac Foith in 633, Bnide mac Foith in 641, and Echtolarg mac Foith in 653, but omit Nectan. He is also omitted in two of the lists of Pictish kings, Nos. XXIII. and xxxii. The "Pictish Chronicle" has an earlier Nectan, son of Erp, who founds Abemethy. This foundation is attributed by the other lists to Garnad, who died in 599 ; and as the " Chronicle of St. Andrews" adds after this Kectan, " Hie " fundavit Abemethy," it is pro- bable that the later date of the foundation has caused the rein- sertion of the same Nectan after Garnad. PEEFACE. cvii and occupied by the Scots, and were separated from them by Drumalban. This part of their kingdom was termed Gruithentuaith or Fictama. South of the Firths, they formed the population of the two districts of the " Campus. Manann"^ and of Galloway. This statement appears at first sight to be inconsistent with the language of Bede, which certainly implies that he knew of no Picts south of the Firth of Forth ; but what he states so emphati- cally is, that the Firth of Forth divided the Regnum Anglorum from the Regnum Pictorum. This ex- cludes the idea that the kingdom of the Picts extended south of the Firth, or that there was any independent kingdom of the Picts south of that estuary ; but it does not exclude the possibility of districts embraced within the "Eegnum Anglorum" having had a Pictish population any more than it does districts having a British population, which we know existed within the limits of the Anglic kingdom. In the pas- sages of Bede which are founded on, he is obviously talking more of the boundaries and extension of kingdoms and governments, than of the under population ; and from his mere silence in a work of this kind, no safe argument can be adduced. The few and scattered notices of the "Campus " Manann " evidently point to a Pictish population subject to the Anglic kingdom, whose attempts at ^ The tract on the Corca Laidhe, contained in the Books of " Balli- " mote" and " Lecain," mentions " Seal balbh ri Cruithentuaithi " acus Manahul," that is, Seal balbh, king of Gruithentuaith and Manann, showing the two as formins one kingdom. cviii PEEFACE. resistance were suppressed by the Anglic Ealdermen ; while the existence of a Pictish population in Gal- loway at a later period is so undoubted, that the only question is how and when they came there. Chalmers maintains that they were a settlement of the Irish Cniithne in the eighth century, and he has been followed by subsequent writers ; but there is absolutely no authority whatever for this supposed settlement ; his theory having obviously been based upon passages in the " Irish Annals," in which he mistook the fort of Maghline in Ulster, which plays a great part in Irish history, for the town of Mauchline in Ayrshii-e, and applies notices of the Irish Cruithne to the latter which belong to the former ; but the language of Gildas, when he says of the last incursion of the Plots, " Omnem aquil- " onalem extremamque terrse partem pro indi- " genis murotenus capessunt," implies so strongly that they settled in these districts as permanent inhabitants, that we can hardly avoid the conclu- sion that the population of these two districts were the remains of that settlement. Bede likewise states that the Picts originally occupied the district north of the Pirth of Clyde, afterwards possessed by the Scots ; and this tradi- tion appears in the old description of Scotland in the Colbertine MS., which states that the first inha- bitants of Arregaithel were the Scoti Picti, an obvi- ous rendering Lato Latin of the Welsh name for the Picts, the Gwyddyl Ffichti. PEEFACE. cix The Scots first appear in the year 360, as one of The Scots. the barbaric tribes who then assailed the Roman province in Britain, and continued to ravage it till they were finally driven back by Theodosius in 369, and the Roman province restored. The language of Claudian leaves no room to doubt that these Scots came from Ireland, and again returned to Ireland when the province was finally freed from their ravages. They again joined the Picts in their in- cursions upon the Roman province after Maximus, who usurped the empire, had left the country ; but the language of Gildas, who records these incursions, is equally clear that these Scots likewise came from Ireland, and again returned to Ireland. While he describes the Picts as coming ab aquilone, i.e., the regions north of the Roman wall, he adds that the Scots came a circione, that is from a more westerly direction ; and he concludes by saying, that while the Picts settled down in the country, the Scots, whom he denominates "Hiberni grassatores," re- turned home. The first permanent settlement of the Scots, for which there is any real basis in historic record, is the colony led from Irish Dalriada by the three sons of Ere, Lorn, Fergus, and Angus. Flann Mainis- treach and Tighernac record this, and know of no other, nor is any other mentioned in any authentic document. The allusions to earlier settlements which occur in Irish legends may all be referred to the two occasions above mentioned, when the Scots ex PREFACE. temporarily invaded the country. Flann Mainis- treach gives the date of this settlement thus : — ^he says that forty-three years had elapsed from the coming of St. Patrick to the battle of Ocha, and twenty years from that battle to the arrival of the sons of Ere in Britain. Taking the date of 432 as that of the coming of St. Patrick, and adding sixty- three years, will give us the year 495 as the date of the colony. Tighernac has under 501 the fol- lowing : — " Feargus mor mac Earca cum gente " Dalriada partem Britannias tenuit et ibi mor- tuus est ; " but while this passage states the fact of a colony, the date obviously refers to the death of Fergus. Almost all the chronicles agree that he reigned three years, and this makes the date of the colony 498. We may therefore assume that it took place only two or three years before the commencement of the sixth century. Tigh- ernac terms the next three kings, Righ Alhan, or kings of Albania. He has under 505 the death of Domangart ^acm?,?,\, Righ Alban. Under 538 he has the death of Comgall, son of Domangart, Righ Alhan, in the thirty -fifth year of his reign. Under 560 he has the death of Gabran, son of Doman- gart, Righ A Ihan. Under the same year, he has " Flight of the Alhanich before Bruide, son of " Maelcon, king of the Cruithne ;" and after this, he changes the designation of the king from that of Righ Alhan to Righ Dalriada. It is ob\dous that the event referred to as the flight of the Alban- ich before Bruide, son of ]\Iaelcon, was a defeat of PEEFACE. cxi the Scots by the Pictish king, who were then driven back, and that in consequence of it their designation was narrowed from that of kings of Alban to that of kings of Dah-iada. The Dublin MS. of the " Annals " of Ulster " uses instead of " flight" the still stronger expression ofinmirge, or"expidsion;" and the expla- nation probably is, that the invading Scots extended themselves at first beyond Drumalban into the dis- trict termed Albania, and were driven back by the Pictish king in 560, and confined within the limits of Dalriada proper. Three years after this defeat, St. Columba came over from Ireland to Britain to con- vert the northern Picts. And we are now on historic ground, as his biographer Adomnan states that he appeared on his arrival, " coram Conallo rege, filio " Comgall." Bede and Walafred Strabo state that the island of lona was given to Columba by the Picts ; on the other hand, Tighernac states that it was given to him by Conall, king of Dalriada ; but if lona and the neighbouring islands formed a part of the territory which had been at first overrun by Scots, and from which they had been afterwards expelled by the Picts, it is intelligible enough that the British historians should have recorded the grant as having been made by the Picts, and that the Irish annalists should have equally confidently asserted that it had been made by the king of Dabiada. On the death of Conall, Columba solemnly inaugurated Aedan, the son of Gabran, king of Dal- riada ; and at the council of Drumceat, held in Ireland in the same year, he obtained that the kings cxu PEEFACE. of Dalriada and Scotland should no longer be subject to tbe kings of Irish Dalriada, as the mother state, but should in future be independent monarchs. It is clear that after the defeat of 5 6 0, a part of the Scots remained in Britain, but it is probable that a part also returned to Ireland, and that Aedan brought a fresh colony over, as the old Irish lives of St. Patrick refer to him as the first who established a monarchy in Britain, and the " Prophecy of St. Berchan " takes the same view. Aedan reigned thirty-seven years, and appears to have thoroughly estabUshed the kingdom of Dalriada. He is recorded as having fought four battles, — the battle of Manann in 582 or 583 ; that of Leithrig in 590 ; that of Circhind in 596 ; and finally, the battle with EtheUred, king of Bernicia, in 600, which is obviously the same battle as that recorded by Bede in the year 603, in which Aedan appears to have led an army of Britons and Scots into Northumbria. He died in the year 606. We have the authority of Adomnan for the fact that he was succeeded by his son Eochodius or Eocha Buidhe, and he by his sons. These were Conadh Cerr, who reigned but three months after him, and Donald Brec, who was king of Dalriada at the time that Oswald ruled over Northumbria.^ ^ The chronicles insert Ferchar, son of ConacUi Cerr, between him and Donald Brec, and give him a reign of sixteen years. The "Irish " Annals" do not mention him. If he reigned, he must either have reigned in conjunction with Donald Brec, or have followed him. The latter is most pro- bable, as in the "Annals of " Ulster" the death of Ferchar, son of Conadh Cerr, is misplaced in 694, after the last of the equally misplaced notices of Donald Brec. PEEFACE. cxiii The territories which constituted the petty king- dom of Dah'iada can be pretty well defined. They were bounded on the south by the Firth of Clyde, and they were separated on the east from the Pictish kingdom by the ridge of the great mountain chain called Drumalban. They consisted of four tribes, — the genus or Cinel Lorn, descended from Lorn, the elder of the three brothers ; the Cinel Gabran and Cinel Comgall, descended from two sons of Doman- gart, son of Fergus, the second of the brothers ; and the Cinel Angus, descended from the third brother, Angus. The Cinel Comgall inhabited the district formerly called Comgall, now corrupted to Cowall. The Cinel Gabran inhabited what was called the Airgiallas, or the district of Argyle proper, and Kintyre. The Cinel Angus inhabited the islands of Islay and Jura, and the Cinel Lorn, the district of Lorn. Beyond this, on the north, the districts between Lorn and the promontory of Ardnamurchan, i.e., the island of Mull, the district of Morven, Ard- gower, and probably part of Lochaber, seem to have formed a sort of debateable ground, the popu- lation of which was Pictish, whUe the Scots had settlements among them. In the centre of the possessions of the Cinel Gabran, at the head of the well-sheltered loch of Crinan, lies the great Moss of Crinan, with the river Add flowing through it. In the centre of the moss, and on the side of the river, rises an isolated rocky hiU called Dunadd, the top of which is strongly fortified. This was the CXIV PEEFACE. capital of Dalriada, and many a stone obelisk in the moss around it bears silent testimony to the con- tests of which it was the centre. The picturesque position of Dunolly Castle, on a rock at the entrance of the equally sheltered bay of Oban, afforded another fortified summit, which was the chief stronghold of the tribe of Lorn. Of Dunstaffnage, as a royal seat, history knows nothing. DURING THE CENTURY SUB- SEQUENT TO 634. Eelativb posi- Such, then, were the four kingdoms which, in TION OF THE O ' FOUR NATIONS thc ycar 634, when Oswald ascended the throne of Northumbria, are found within the limits of the territory of the subsequent kingdom of Scotland. The kingdom of Bernicia, with its Anglic popu- lation, and its chief seat Bamborough, extending from the Tyne to the Firth of Forth ; the kingdom of Cumbria, with its British population, extending from the Firth of Clyde far into Westmoreland, and on the banks of the Firth of Clyde, the striking rock of Dumbarton, with the fort of Alclyde on the summit, its chief seat. North of the Firth of Forth, the great monarchy of the Picts, extending over the whole of the northern and eastern districts of Scot- land, and embracing within its compass all the east flowing waters from their sources, with its capital near the town of Inverness ; and on the west the small Scottish kingdom of Dalriada, corresponding, with the exception probably of Ardnamurchan, very nearly to the modern county of Argyle, with the PEEFACE. cxv hill fort of Dunadd as its chief seat, called also, from its situation in the centre of the moss of Crinan, Dunmonaidh, or the fort of the moss. And in the centre of Scotland these four kingdoms met in a sort of neutral ground or debateable land, extending from the river Forth to the river Almond, and comprising the modern counties of Stirling and Linlithgow, which was occupied by a mixed population of Picts, Angles, and Britons, and into which the kings of the Scots frequently- carried their arms. In it lay the small districts of Calatria and Manann ; and within its limits, the different races generally encountered each other in the struggle for the mastery, and most of the battles were fought. In these contests the Scots and the Britons usually combined, on the one hand, and the Angles and Picts on the other, — the nations of the west against the nations of the east. Here, during the reign of Oswald, Donald Brec was defeated in the year 638, according to Tighernac, in the battle of Glenmairison,^ and Etin, probably Caeredin, was besieged, and here, two years after the death of Oswald, who, after a reign of eight years, was slain by Penda, king of the Mercians, at a place called by Bede, Maserfelth, in a battle, which is called, in the additions to the " Historia Brito- " num," the battle of Cocboy, on the 5th of August ' Glenmairison must not be confounded with Glenmoriston in Inverness-shire. The transactions are clearly in the south, and a misplaced entry of the same trans- action under G78 implies that it was in Calathros. cxvi PEEFACE. 642, a battle was fought in Strathcarron, between the Britons and Donald Brec, king of the Scots of Dalriada, in which the latter was slain, in the year 642, according to Tighernac, which corresponds to the year 644 of Bede ; and in the same year a battle was fought between Oswy, king of Bemicia, and the Britons. Ten years afterwards, Penda, the Pagan king of Mercia, invaded Bernicia. He is described by Bede, in one passage, as coming to Bamborough with a hostile army, destroying aU he could with fire and sword, and burning down the town and the church ; and after a vain attempt to buy him off with gifts, Oswy encountered him at a place near the river, called by Bede, Uinuaed, where he was entirely defeated, and, of thirty royal commanders who were with him, almost the whole were slain. Bede adds that Oswy brought this war to a conclu- sion in " Regione Loidis," in the thirteenth year of his reign, on the 17th of the Kalends of December, that is, on the 15th of November, 655. Tighernac mentions the same battle under two different years, 650 and 656. The identity of the events is shown by the mention of thirty kings on each occasion. It has generally been assumed that Penda was kdled in the battle of Uinuaed, and that it must therefore have been fought within the " Eegio Loidis." Bede uses this latter expression, undoubtedly, for the district around the town of Leeds ; but it is admitted that no trace can be PEEFACE. cxvu found of the name of Uinuaed having been applied to a river in that district. Bede, however, does not say that the battle of Uinwaed was fought there. He first describes the battle, and then adds after- wards that the war was brought to a conclusion by the slaughter of Penda within that district. In the additions to the " Historia Britonum," this battle is termed the " Strages Gai Campi " and the thirty kings are said to have been kings of the Britons, who had gone out with King Penda in an expedi- tion as far as the city which is called Judiu, and this city appears from the same passage to have been either within or in the neighbourhood of Manau or Manann. The battle, therefore, proba- bly took place in the extreme north of the territo- ries of Bernicia, and Penda appears to have fled after his defeat into Deira, where he was slaui near the town of Leeds.^ By this defeat the Britons of Strathclyde appear to have fallen into the power of Oswy, and the Scots of Dahiada seem to have shared the same fate. Three years afterwards Oswy is said by Bede to have subjected " Gentem Pictorum, maxima ex 1 The view that the battle was fought in Scotland was first broached by Mr. Nash, in a very ingenious paper in the "Cambrian "Joiu-nal" for 1861, p. 1. The Editor has been driven to the same conclusion, but he cannot adopt Mr. Nash's view, that Bede's regio Loidis was Lothian. This is inconsistent with the language of Bede in another place ; but he thinks Bede's meaning has been misunderstood, and that it does not foUow that the battle and the slaughter of Penda were the same event. He has come to be of opinion that the river Uinuaed of Bede is the Carron, the old forms of which were Caruin and Cauin. cxviii PEEFACE. " parte regno Anglorum." This falls under the year 658. Subjection of Oswy had now completed the subjugation of byoawy. the Britous of Strathclyde, the Scots of Dalriada, and a considerable part of the Picts ; and the mutual relations of these four nations to each other were so far altered that the Angles had, tem- porarily at least, established their supremacy over the other thi'ee. Tighernac records, in 657, the death of Tolargan, son of Ainfred, king of the Cruithne ; and the "Annals of Ulster" record, in 658, the death of Gureit, or Guxiad, king of Alclyde. The Irish annalists do not record any king of Dal- riada after the death of Donald Brec in 642. Tolargan, the king of the Picts, was no doubt the son of that Ainfred, son of Ethelfred, king of Ber- nicia, who had remained in exile among the Picts during the reign of Edwin, and succeeded him in Bernicia as king for one year. Tolargan must have obtained the Pictish thi'one through his mother, according to the Pictish law of succession ; but Oswy thus stood to him in the relation of father's brother, and may have made this the pretext for invading the kingdom of the Picts. Oswj main- tained possession of the Pictish territory he had conquered during his life, as Bede records that, in 669, WUfrid not only presided over the church of York and of all Northumbria, " sed et Picto- " rum, quousque rex Osuiu imjDerium protendere " poterat " (Lib. iv. c. iii.) Oswy died, according PEEFACE. cxix to Bede, in the year 670, and was succeeded by his son Ecgfrid : and in 681, when he divided the diocese of York into four portions, he appointed Trumwin " ad provinciam Pictorum, quae tunc " temporis Anglorum erat imperio subjecta" (Lib. IV. c. xii.) The province of the Picts thus remained still subject to the Angles, but some attempts seem now to have been made to throw off the yoke ; for, in 681, the " Annals of Ulster" record the siege of Dunfother, and in 683, the siege of Dunnat and Dunduirn. Dunfother and Dunduirn were the chief seats of two of the seven provinces of the Picts, and Dunnat was the capital of Dalriada. In 685, Bede records that Ecgfrid led an army " ad vastandum " Pictorum provinciam " (Lib. iv. c. xxvi.), and that having been led by a feigned flight of his enemies in " angustias inaccessorum montium," he was there cut off with his whole anny on the 15th day before the Kalends of June. Tigh- ernac records the same battle as having taken place on Saturday the 20th day of May, which was the 15 th before the Kalends of June, in the year 686, at a place called Dunnechtan, between Ecgfrid Mac Ossu, rex Saxonum, and Brude Mac Bile, rex Fortrenn ; but the 20 th day of May fell on a Satur- day in the previous year, 685, which confirms the date of Bede. Dunnechtan is the modern Dunni- chen, which is situated in a narrow pass in the range of the Sidlaw hills, which separate Strath- more from the plains of Forfarshire. It is obvi- cxx PREFACE. ous, from the language of Bede, that the " Provincia " Pictorum " which Ecgfrid devastated, was the same province which was subject to the Angles, and which must have extended at least as far as the Sid- law mountains. Brude, who defeated him, is called king of Fortren, which was one of the seven provinces of the Picts, and lay to the west of the river Tay. Dundurn was its chief seat, as Dunfother was the chief seat of Maghcircin, or the Mearns, and these parts of Pictland probably remained independent, while the part subject to the Angles lay between them, and consisted apparently of Fife, Kinross, Gow- rie, and part of Forfarshire ; in short, very nearly the same district which forms the second province in the second List of seven provinces contained in the " Description," No. xvii. The effect of this defeat upon the four nations is thus described by Bede : Termination of " Ex quo tempore spcs cospit et virtus regni Anglo- ng ic ru e. j< ^^^ fluerc ct rctro sublapsa referri. Nam et Picti " terram possessionis suae quam tenuerunt Angli " et Scoti qui erant in Britannia, Britonum quoque " pars nonnulla, libertatem receperunt, quam et hac- " tenus habent per annos circiter quadraginta et " sex ;" and he adds, that Trumwin retired with his clergy, "qui erant in monasterio Aebbercurnig, " posito quidam in regione Anglorum, sed in vicinia " freti quod Anglorum terras Pictorumque deter- " minat " (Lib. iv. c. xxvi.), which shows still more clearly that the lands of the Picts subject to the Angles lay north of the Firth of Forth. The Irish PEEFACE. cxxi annalists now record Brude, son of Bile, as king of the Picts. He is said in the Irish " Life of St. Adom- " nan" (Ap. No. iv.) to have been the son of the king of Alclyde, so that his right to the Pictish tlirone must have been through his mother ; and Bile ap- pears in the line of the British kings of Strathclyde in the Welsh additions to the " Historia Britonum." He is also said in an old poem, quoted in the " Annals " of MacFirbis," (Ap. No. iii.) to have recovered the kingdom of his grandfather ; and in the Saxon additions to the " Historia Britonum," he and Ecg- frid are said to have been " fratrueles," that is, descended from brothers. His mother must there- fore have been the daughter of Tolargan, son of Ainfred who was the brother of Oswy, the father of Ecgfrid. The death of Brude Mac Bile ri For- tren is recorded in the " Irish Annals," in the year 693, and all the lists agree in his three successors : Taran, son of Entefidich, expelled in 997 ; Brude, son of Derile, whose death is recorded in 706 ; and Nectan, his brother, whose " Clericatus " is men- tioned by the " Irish Annals " in 724. Ferchar fada, or the tall, now appears as king of Dalriada. Prior to the conquest of Oswy, the kings of Dalriada were exclusively of the race of Fergus ; but Ferchar fada was the head of the rival race of Loin, who appear to have taken the lead in recovering the indepen- dence of the Scots. His death is given by the "Irish Annals" in 697. The Latin lists agree in making his successor, Eocha rinamuil, grandson of Tc cxxii PREFACE. Donald brec, by his son Domangart, and giving him a reign of two or three years, and in placing after him AinbhceaUach, son of Ferchar fada ; but the " Irish Annals " do not mention Eocha, and record, under 698, the " Expulsio AinbhceaUach de regno," thus making him the immediate successor of his father. Donald, the son of Ewen, appears as king of Alclyde, and his father Ewen, or Eugene, is to be found in the genealogy of the Strathclyde kings, ^ and, in 722, the " Irish Annals " record the death of Bile Mac Elpin, king of Strathclyde. Position of Bede closes his history in the year 731, and up to inTsi.* '°"^ that date no change appears to have taken place in the condition of the four nations. He states, " Pic- " torum quoque natio tempore hoc et fcedus pacis " cum gente habet Anglorum, et catholicge pacis ac " veritatis cum universali ecclesia particeps exister» " gaudet. Scotti qui Brittaniam incolunt suis con- " tenti finibus nil contra gentem Anglonim insidia- " rum moliuntur aut fraudium. Brittones, quamvis " et maxima ex parte domestico sibi odio gentem " Anglorum, et totius catholicse ecclesise statum " Pascha minus recte moribusque improbis impug- " nent ; tamen et divina sibi et humana prorsus " resistente virtute, in neutro cupitum possunt ob- " tinere propositum ; quippe qui quamvis ex parte " sui sint juris, nonnuUa tamen ex parte Anglorum " sunt servitio mancipati" (Lib. v. c. xxiii.) PEEFACE. cxxui THE SCOTS. VI. After the valuable light afforded by the narrative variance op of Bede forsakes us, we are left almost entirely to the ^nd snp- ' guidance of the lists of the kings contained in the ^^'^f^;;^"' chronicles, with the few and scattered notices ofs's™^^'^^ them in the " Irish Annals." From the termination of the Anglic dominion over the Picts and Scots, to the close of Bede's history, the chronicles in the main agree, but after that date there occurs considerable variation in the lists of the Pictish kings, and like- wise in those of the Scots. In the list of the Pictish kings, this variation exists between that of the " Pictish Chronicle " and the lists in the Irish ad- ditions to the " Historia Britonum " on the one hand, and the lists in the Latin Chronicles on the other. The following table will show wherein they differ : — Pictish Chronicle. Brude filius Bile, . . . Taran filius Entifidich, . Brude filius Derile, Nectan filius Derile, . . Drest et Alpin conregnave- runt, Onnust filius Urgust, . Brude filius Urgust, . Cinoid filius Uradech, Alpin filius Wroid, 21 4 11 15 5 30 2 12 H Drust filius Talorgen, 4 or 5 Talorgen filius Ounist, . 2h Canaul filius Tarla, . . 5 Latin Chronicles. • Brude filius Bile, Taran filius Anifedech, Brude filius Derile, . Nectan frater ejus, . Garnath filius Fcrath, Oengusa filius Fergusa, Nectan filius Derile, Alpin filius Ferat, . . Oengus filius Brude, Alpin filius Ferat, iterum, 36 Brude filius Oengus, . 2 Alpin filius Oengus, . 2 Drust filius Talorgan, . 1 Talargan filius Drust, . 4 Talargan filius Oengus, 5 21 14 31 18 24 16 Of Table of kiiiga of the Picts. CXXIV PEEFACE. Constantin filius Urgust, . 35 Unuist filius Urgust, . .12 Drust filius Constantin et Talorgen filius Uthoil, . 3 Uen filius Unust, ... 3 Wrad filius Bargot, . . 3 Bred, 1 Constantin filius Fergusa, 42 Hungus filius Fergusa, 10 Dustalorg, .... 4 Eoganan filius Hungus. Ferat filius Batot, Brude filius Ferat, Kinat filius Ferat, Brude filius Fotel, Driest filius Ferat, 3 3 Ot^ 2 3 The first four kings correspond in both. They reigned in the period from the termination of the Anglic subjection of the Picts and Scots to the close of Bede's history. The main differences after that are, that the "Pictish Chronicle" gives the joint reign of Drest and Alpin for five years, and then the reign of Angus, son of Fergus, for thirty years ; while the other lists give, during this period, Gar- nad, son of Ferat, twenty-four years, followed by Angus, son of Fergus, only sixteen years ; again, the " Pictish Chronicle " gives Kenneth, the son of Uradech, twelve years, followed by Alpin, son of Uroid, three and a half years ; while the other lists make Alpin, son of Ferat, reign thirty or thirty- six years, embracing the whole period of Kenneth's reign. Again, the Latin lists insert a family, con- sisting of Angus, son of Brude, and Brude and Alpin, sons of Angus, who are unknown to the " Pictish " Chronicle ; " and, finally, they add three kings at the end of the list in addition to those in the " Pictish Chronicle." The "Pictish Chronicle" is entirely supported in PEEFACE. cxxv its statements by the Irish annalists. They know nothing of Garnad, the sou of Ferat ; but, accord- ing to them, Angus, the son of Fergus, made his way to the Pictish throne by defeating the three previous kings, — Drest, Alpin, and Nectan. They record, in 724, the Clericatus of Nectan, king of the Picts, and that Drust succeeded him. Then, in 726, that Drust was driven out, and that Alpin succeeded him. Then two battles between Alpin and Angus, the son of Fergus, at Moncrief and at Caislen Credi, or Scone, in which Alpin was de- feated, and Angus took his territories, while Nec- tan, the son of Derile, resumed the kingdom. Then, in 729, the battle of Monitcarno, be- tween Angus and Nechtan, in which the latter was defeated, and the battle of Drumdearg, between Angus and Drust, king of the Picts, in which the latter was slain. Again, in 775, the "Irish Annals" record the death of Cinadon, regis Pictorum. On examining the differences between these two lists, it wiU be seen that the Latin list mainly inserts kings not to be found in the other, and that these generally belong to the same family. Thus, Garnad is the son of Ferat ; Alpin, who reigns so much longer in the one list than in the other, is also the son of Ferat, and two of the three kings added at the end of the list are likewise sons of Ferat. It is clear, even from the " Pictish Clironicle," that more than one king reigned at the same time in different parts of the country, and it is probable cxxvi PEEFACE. that these additional kings are local kings, recorded by the one chronicler and not by the other. The " Pictish Chronicle " is, in fact, the " Chronicle of " Brechin," and probably records the kings of that part of the country ; on the other hand, the kings of the house of Ferat seem peculiarly connected with the district of Gowrie. Alpin is defeated at Mon- crief, and afterwards at Scone. Ferat, the son of Bargot, had his seat at Migdele, or Meigle ; and Druskin, the son of Ferat, was defeated, according to some, at Forteviot, according to others at Scone. It is probable that while the "Pictish Chronicle" records the kings who reigned over that part of the Pictish territories in which Brechin was situated, the later lists include those who reigned at Scone, whether they were kings of the whole of Pictland, or of the district around Scone only.^ The variation between the list of the Scottish ' f the SciTtf kings of Dakiada subsequent to the close of Bede's narrative is of much more importance, and enters far more deeply into the veiy foundation of Scottish V.iriation in 1 Tlie " Irish Annals" record in 780 the death of " Elpin rex " Saxonum," which corresponds with the end of the reign of Alpin, son of Uroid or Ferat, and the district in which Scone and Meigle are situated appeai-s to have formed part of Oswy's conquest, so that this family may have been mainly supported by the Saxons. If he reigned thirty years in this district, it brings us to 750, in which the "Annals" record a great battle between the Picts and the Britons, in which the Picts were defeated, and the brother of Angus, son of Fergus, slain. His reign of sixteen years, allowing a year for the short reigns there given, brings us to 733, the year after the death of Nectan, son of Derde, in 732, and Garnad, son of Ferat, must have reigned in this district during the reigns of Nec- tan and Drust, that is, from 706 to 729. PEEFACE. CXXVll history, than that between the lists of the Pictish kings. The lists of the Scottish kings which thus diverge so radically from each other, consist, on the one hand, of the lists contained in the " Synchron- " isms of Flann Mainistreach," and in the " Albanic " Duan ; " and, on the other hand, of the lists con- tained in the Latin chronicles, and it may be as well to give them from the commencement to the end of the Dalriadic kingdom. They are as follows. The dates added to the latter part of the Latin list are taken from the prose chronicle interpolated in the " Chronicle of Mel- " rose." Lists of Eleventh Century, Latin Lists. Table of the Five kings, 478-565. kings of T>a\ riada. Fergus mor mac Ere, 27 Fergus filius Eric, . . . 3 Angus mor mac Ere, 5 Domangart mac Fergus, . 5 Domangart filius ejus. 5 Comgall mac Domangart, 24 Congel filius Domangart, . 33 G-abran mac Domangart, . 2 Goueran frater Congel, . 22 Two kings, 565-598. Conal mac Comgall, . . 15 Conel filius Congel, . . 14 Aedan, son of Gabran, 24 Edan filius Goueran, . . 84 Four kings, 598-642. Eocho buide mac Aedan, . 17 Eochad flavus filius Edan, 16 Conad cerr, bis son, . . Oi Kinat sumetes Alius Conal > 0^ Ferchair mac Conaing, 16 Ferchear filius ejus, . 16 Donald brec mac Eocho Dovenald varius filius buide, 14 Eochid, 14 Nine kings, 642-743. Conall Crandomna, Dunchad mac Duhan, 10 Domnal Donn, .... 13 Mailduin mac Conall, 17 CXXVIU PREFACE. Ferchar Longus, ... 21 Eochalhabenscurvumnasum, 3 Arinchellac filius Ferchar, 1 741 ob. Ewen filius Ferchar longi, .... 13 744 ob. Murechat filius Arin- chellac, .... 3 747 oh. Ewen filius Murechat, 3 777 ob.Edalbus filius Eocbal, 30 781 ob.FergusfiliusHedalbi, 3 804 ob. Selvach filius Eogan, 24 834 ob. Eochal venenosus filius Hedalbi, . . 30 841 ob. Dunegal filius Sel- vach, 7 843 ob. Alpin filius Eochal, 3 Cinaed filius Alpin, . 16 The blank which occurs in the Latin lists from Donald brec to Ferchar fada exactly corresponds with the period of the Anglic dominion over Dalriada, when there was no independent king, and may be thrown out of view as amounting to any substantial disagreement.^ The three following kings agree in both lists. After that the difference between them is very re- Ferchar Fada, .... 21 Eocho Rianamhail, . . 2 Ainbhceallach mac Ferchai •, 1 Selbach mac Ferchar, Eochaig Angbaidh Thirteen kings, 743-879. Dungal mac Selbaig, . 7 Alpin mac Echach, . . 4 Muredac ua Daiti, 3 Aed Aireatach, . . . 30 Fergus, Eochoid, Domnall mac Custantin, . 24 Conall Caemh, .... 2 Conall, his brother, . . 4 Ciistantinmac Fergiisa, . 9 Aengus mac Fergiisa, . . 9 Acd mac Boanta, . . 4 Eoganan mac Aengusa, . 13 Cinaed mac Alpin, . . 30 I The continuator of " Tigher- " nae," who wrote in 1178, after the first of the Latin Hsts appeared, seems to have extended the reign of Donald brec over the blank, and has re-inscrted the battle in which he was defeated in 638, under 678, and the battle of Strath- carron, in which he was slain, under 686, the same year in which Ecgfrid was slain and the Scots recovered then- independence. PKEFACE. cxxix markable, and is obviously artificial. There are six kings wMch agree in both, Edfin, Fergus, Selvach, Echadh, Dungal, and Alpia. In the one list the last four, i.e., Selvach, Echadh, Dungal, and Alpin are placed first. Then, after a King Muredach, Aed and Fergus are placed, and then follow eight kings which are not in the other list at all. In the Latin lists the four kings, Selvach, Echadh, Dungal, and Alpin, are placed last. Before them are placed Aedfin and Fergus, and before them are placed three kings who are not in the first list. Now the remarkable thing is this, that the deaths of Aedfin Mac Echach Ei Dalriada and Fergus Mac Echach Ei Dalriada are given in the " Irish Annals" as occurring in 778 and 781 respectively, and this agrees with their date in both lists ; the amount of the reigns after them in the one list amounting to sixty -five years, and in the other to sixty-four. The real diff'erence between the two lists consists in this, that the four kings, Selvach, Echadh, Dungal, and Alpin, commence the list in the one and termin- ate it in the other. They reigned, according to the one, in the eighth, and, according to the other, in the ninth centuries, and there is a difference of a century between the period of each. This is obvi- ously a difierence arising from an intentional altera- tion in one or other of the lists for chronological purposes, and it is of course of importance to ascer- tain which represents the true history. In the first place, the lists which place those four kings in the cxxx PEEFACE. earlier century belong to the eleventh century, while the oldest of the Latin lists which place them in the ninth century, was compiled in the year 1165, a century later ; and the oldest of the eleventh century lists, i.e., that by Flann Mainis- treach, synchronizes these kings of Dalriada with the monarchs of Ireland, so as to leave no doubt as to the period to which he refers them. In the second place, the Irish annalists entirely support the older lists. The question is whether these four kings reigned in the first half of the eighth century, or in the first half of the ninth century ; but the "Irish Annals" mention in the year 719 the battle of Finglinne between the two sons of Ferchar fada (Ainbhceallach and Selvach) in which AinbhceaUach was slain, and the sea battle of Ardeanesbie, be- tween the genus Gabhran under Duncan Bee, and the genus Lorn under Selvach ; and in 723 the clericatus of Selvach regis Dalriada. They mention Dungal as being expelled from his kingdom in 726, and Echadh, son of Echadh, beginning his reign in that year. In 727 they mention a conflict at Eossfeochan between Selvach and the "fanulia " Echdach nepotis Domnall," that is, the family of which Eocha, a son of Echach, the grandson of Donald brec, was the head. They have the death of Echadh, son of Echadh, king of DaMada in 733, and mention an expedition by Dungal, the son of Selvach; and in 736 they again mention Dungal, son of Selvach, as having been taken and bound by the PEEFACE. cxxxi king of the Picts. Alpin is not mentioned in the " Irish Annals," but they clearly show that the first three of the four kings in question reigned in the early part of the eighth century, and not in that of the ninth century. Further, they likewise show that, at a period coincident with the last of these four kings, DaMada was conquered by the king of the Picts ; and that the kings who are mentioned in the older lists as succeeding Alpin must have been of the Pictish race. In 734, Talorgan, son of Drostan, king of Athole, is taken and bound near Dunolly, and Dungal, the king of Dalriada, flies to Ireland from the power of Angus ; and, in 736, Angus, son of Fergus, king of the Picts, lays waste the regions of Dabiada, obtains Dunad, burns Creich, and puts the two sons of Selvach, Dungal and Feradach, in chains. Dunad was the capital of Dal- riada, and Creich is in the Eoss of Mull, opposite the Sound of lona. In 741, coincident with the last year of Alpin, we have the following signifi- cant entry : " Percussio DaLriatai la Oengus Mac " Ferguso ; " thus showing the complete conquest and subjection of DaMada by the king of the Picts at the very time when this variance between the lists commences. The connexion of the subsequent kings of Dalriada in the older lists with Fortren is equally apparent. Thus, in 768, there is a battle in Fortren between Aedh and Kenneth, at the same period when Aedh appears as king of Dalriada ; and the older list of the Dahiadic kings shows Con- cxxxii PEEFACE. stantin, son of Fergus, succeeded by an Angus, son of Fergus, at the same time when the "Irish " Annals " record a Constantin, son of Fergus, king of Fortren, succeeded by an Angus, son of Fergus, king of Fortren ; and, finally, the two last Dalriadic kings are Aedh son of Boanta, and Euganan son of Angus ; while, in 839, the "Irish Annals" record a " battle by the Gentiles against the men of Fortren, " in which Euganan son of Angus, and Bran son of " Angus, and Aedh son of Boanta, and innumerable " others fell." These notices clearly identify the kings who followed Alpin in the older lists with the kings of Fortren and with the men of Fortren, who were undoubtedly Picts. The matter, therefore, stands thus, that by both lists the Scottish kings of Dal- riada terminate with Alj^in ; but in the Latin lists Alpin is brought down to the year 841, and identified with Alpin the father of Kenneth ; while by the older lists Alpin reigned from 736 to 741, and is followed by a list of eleven kings ; and the " Irish Annals " show that in 741 Dalriada had been completely conquered by the king of the Picts, and that the eleven kings who intervened between that Alpin and Kenneth Mac Alpin were of the Pictish race. That the lists of kings of Dalriada given by the " Synchronisms of Flann Mainistreach," and the " Albanic Duan," agreeing so entirely with each other, supported as they ai'e by the " Irish Annals," and in direct antagonism to the later forms of the Scottish fable, present the true history, can hardly be PREFACE. cxxxiii doubted ; and the result of the comparison of the two lists is, that the compilers of the Latin lists suppressed the conquest of Dalriada by the Angles, by extending the reigns of the early kings till Donald brec is made the immediate predecessor of Ferchar fada, and that they, in like manner, suppressed the conquest of Dalriada by the Picts, and the century of Pictish rule in that kingdom, by placing the reigns of the last four Scottish kings a century later, and interpolating kings before them to fill up the vacant period. VII. Such being the variation in the lists of the substantial T->- • 1 1 • T Tl • • 1 (• 1 1 • AGREEMENT OF Pictish kmgs, and likewise in those of the kings chronicles of Dahiada, whether Scottish or Pictish, we find to'sw?^'^'*^ that in all of these lists Kenneth Mac Alpin appears First fo^ as their immediate successor ; that in him the lines ^-^ ^^ ^^^ kings — called Kings both of the Picts and of the Dalriads unite ; and that ^''^'^■ there is little variation in the accounts given by the different chronicles of his successors. By all he is made a Scot, and is usually termed " Primus Scot- " torum," and " Primus rex Scottorum." By Flann Mainistreach he is said to have given the kingdom of Scone to the Gael ; and by St, Berchan he is called Ferhasach, the besieger, and the first king of the men of Eiin ; he destroys the Cruithneach at Scone, and dies on the banks of the Earn. The "Pictish Chronicle" places his death at his palace of Forteviot, and the " Irish Annals" record it in the CXXXIV PREFACE. year 858. He is succeeded by his brotlier Donald Mac Alpin, who reigned, according to all the lists, four years. According to the " Pictish Chronicle," he died at his palace of Cinn Belachoir, according to the " Cronicon Elegiacum," at Scone, and to the Latin lists, at Rathinveramon. The two latter are separated from each other by the Tay. St. Berchan terms him the son of the Gaillsigh, gives him a reign of three years and three months, and places his death at Loch Adliblia, or the loch of the palace. His death is recorded by the " Irish Annals " in 862. He was succeeded by Constantino, the son of Kenneth, and he by Aedh, his brother. By the " Pictish Chronicle," Constantine is said to have reigned sixteen years ; in his second and third years, Amlaib,^ with his Gentiles, laid waste Pictavia, and is slain by him ; in his fourteenth year, a battle is fought between the Danes and the Scots at Dollar, and a short time after, the Scots are slain at Ach- cochlum. His successor Aed reigned one year, and is slain at Nrurin. The " Irish Annals " record the invasion of Amlaiph in 8 6 6 ; the slaughter of Artga, king of the Strathclyde Britons, by the advice of Constantine, in 872 ; a conflict between the Dugalls and the Picts in 875 ; and the death of Constantine in 876, and that of Aedh by his own people in 878. By the Latin lists, Constantine is said to have been ■^ According to the " Annals " of MacFirbis," iirinted by the Irish Archseological Society (p. 173), the wife of Amlaib was a (laughter of Kenneth Mac Alpin, so that his invasion may have been connected with claims on the succession. PEEFACE. cxxxv slain in battle by the Norwegians in Werdofatba or Inverdufatha, and Aed in Strathallan. St. Berchan gives the successor of Donald, without naming him, a reign of only five and a half years ; but the identity is clear, for he says he fought three battles against the Gentiles, and a fourth battle at Luaire, probably Car- lo wiie, against the Britons, and that he died in pools of blood at Inbherdubhroda ; but St. Berchan gives his successor, whom he terms the Dasachtach, or the fierce, a reign of nine years, making up the sixteen years between them, and says he died in a dangerous pass. In the chronicle annexed to the " Historia Bri- " tonum," Kenneth Mac Alpin is also termed Rex Pic- torum, while in the " Pictish Chronicle" the country in which he ruled is still called Pictavia. In the " Irish Annals " these four kings are termed Reges Pictorum. Although, therefore, they were Scots by race, they were evidently viewed as having ascended the Pictish throne, and the Pictish mon- archy was held to have still subsisted in their persons. The succession, however, having been maintained (^"s '">'i ° . Eoclia. in the famUy of Kenneth, was not in accordance with the Pictish law ; and after the death of Aedh an effort seems to have been made to enforce the old Pictish law of succession through females, as we find from the "Pictish Chronicle" that Eocha, son of Eun, king of the Britous, by the daughter of Kenneth Mac Alpin, is placed on the throne, to the exclusion of the direct male descendant, and along with him is associated in the government, Grig, son of CXXXVl PEEFACE. Dungal, who appears in most of the Latin lists as sole king. By the " Pictish Chronicle," he is said to have been expelled from the kingdom with Eocha, after a reign of eleven years ; and by the Latin lists, Grig is said to have died at Dundurn, after a reign of twelve years according to some, and of eighteen years according to others. St. Berchan mentions Eocha as Tuiltigh the Brit from Cluaide, and gives him a reign of thirteen years. He terms Grig Mac Rath, the son of fortune, and states that, after reigning seventeen years, he was slain by the Firiu Fortren, or men of Fortren, at the noble house on the banks of the Earn. Grig is mentioned by Flanu under the name of Ciric ; but both he and Eocha are omitted by the " Albanic Duan," and are un- noticed in the " Irish Annals." It is difficult to ascertain whether Grig was of the Pictish or of the Scottish race, but the probabilities are rather in favour of the former. At this time, two of the old provinces of the Pictish kingdom south of the Grampians seem stiU to have been possessed by the Picts. The one was Fortren, of which Strathearn undoubtedly formed a part. The Firiu Fortren, or men of Fortren, are repeatedly mentioned during this time ; and their stronghold appears to have been the hiU-fort of Dundurn, at the east end of Loch Earn, not far from St. Fillans.^ The other • Dundurn was, by later his- torians, identified with Dunadeer, in Aberdeenshire, and upon this Chalmers built his theory, that Grig was Maormor of the region betwixt the Dee and the Spey ; PREFACE. cxxxvii province was that of Maghcircin, corrupted into Mearns ; and the " Viri na Moerne," or men of the Mearns, appear likewise as a distinctive people ; their stronghold was Dunfother, the old name of Dunnottar, on the bold headland on which the ruined castle of Dunnottar now stands.^ The dis- tricts lying between these two outlying provinces, probably formed the heart of the kingdom ruled by Kenneth and his successors, having Scone for its capital. Grig appears in remarkable connexion with both of these Pictish provinces. The old form of his name is Giric, which is the same as the name of one of the seven sons of Cruithne, from whom Maghcircin took its designation. There is a curious notice in the " Pictish Chronicle," that in his ninth year an eclipse of the sun took place " die Cirici." The day of St. Cyiicus fell on the 16 th of June, and there actually was a great eclipse of the sun on the 16th of June 885, which corresponds tolerably well with his ninth year. This seems to show some connexion between his own name and that of the saint ; and it is curious that a church in the Mearns, dedicated to St. Cyricus, is called in old charters Ecclesgreig, but St. Berchan conclusively shows that it was Dundurn on Loch Earn. The " Statistical " Account " says, " A dun, or f orti- " fied hiU at the east end of Loch " Earn, gave name to Dundurn, or " Dun-d-earn." It is a short dis- tance from St. Fnians, and FiUan is caUed in the Irish calendars of Batherend, or the Rath of the Earn. It is probably the royal " Castellum de Heryu," mentioned in a charter of King William the Lyon, in the " Chartulary of Inch- affray, p. 6. > The law of King WiUiam the Lyon, " De locis ad que Warenti " debent venire," has "In Mernys " apud Dounnotter." I cxxxviii PREFACE. or the Church of Greig. He seems, therefore, to have founded a church among the Picts of Maghcircin ; and, when expelled from the kingdom, to have taken refuge among the Picts of Fortren, where he was slain at Dundurn. His omission by the "Irish " Annals," and the " Albanic Duan," rather favour the conclusion that he was not of the Scottish race, and that the omission of his name by the " Albanic " Duan" was intentional, appears from this, that fourteen years have been added to the reign of Con- stantine, making the whole period of his reign thirty years, so as to extend his reign, and that of his suc- cessor, over the period of that of Grig. If Grig had completed his eighth year on 16th June 885, this places his accession in 877, which agrees sufficiently well with the dates in the " Irish Annals ; " his eleventh year would be completed in 888, his twelfth in 889, and his eighteenth in 895. Kings of Aiban. His succcssor Douald, son of Constantine, son of Donald, son of Kenneth Mac Alpm, is said by the "Pictish Chro- Constantm. ■•■ •' " nicle " to have ruled eleven years, and his death is placed by the "Irish Annals" in 900, which places his ascension in 889, after the expulsion of Grig and Eocha, while the death of Grig at Dun- durn would fall in the seventh year of his reign. It is remarkable that the " Albanic Duan," though ignoring Grig, gives Donald a reign of only four years, thus commencing at that date, St. Berchan terms this king An Garbh, the rough, and gives him a reign of nine years, but interposes a king PEEFACE. cxxxix termed An Bhaoili, the foolish, between liim and Grig, whose reign commences at Dundurn, and lasts three years ; but, according to one of the chronicles, Grig was succeeded by his brother Con- stantine, who reigned two years. The " Pictish " Chronicle" records a battle in his reign, "in " Uilibcollan inter Danarios et Scottos, Scotti " habuerunt victoriam," and adds, " oppidum Fother " occisum est a gentibus." The expression occisum can hardly be used to a fort or town, and is probably a mistake for occisus est, viz., that Donald was slain at " oppidum Fother." The Latin lists remove his death to Forres, in Moray, but "oppidum Fother" is Bun/other, and St. Berchan indicates its situa- tion, for he states that he fought with Galls and with Gael, and that he dispersed his foes at Fother- dun, now Fordun, in the Mearns, where he lies on the brink of the waves. After the accession of this Donald, there is a marked change in the designation of the kings and in the appellation of the country. In the "Irish " Annals " they are no longer called Reges Pictorum, but Ri Alhan, or kings of Alban. Pictavia disap- pears from the " Pictish Chronicle," and the country in which they ruled is now called A Ihania. This im- plies that the contests by which Eocha and Grig had first been placed on the throne, and afterwards expelled by the male descendants of Kenneth, had really effected a revolution, under which the last vestiges of the Pictish monarchy had disappeared ; cxl PEEFACE. and instead of a Pictish kingdom, ruled by a Scottish dynasty, it had become to all intents and purposes a monarchy, in which the supre- macy of the Scots was fully established. In each successive reign the power of the Scots Constantm, son ijecame Still further extended. Constantin, the suc- of Aed. ' cessor of Donald, was the son of Aed, son of Kenneth Mac Alpin. The " Pictish Chronicle " gives him a reign of forty years, in which it is supported by some of the Latin lists, while others limit it to thirty and thirty-five years. The chronology of his reign is distinct enough. The " Pictish Chronicle " states that in Ms third year the Normanni laid waste Dunkeld and all Albania, and in the following year were slain in Strathearn, and that in his eighteenth year the battle of Tinmore was fought between Constantin and Regnall, in which the Scots were victorious ; and the " Irish Annals " have the slaugh- ter of Ivor OTvor by the men of Fortren in 904, and in 918 a great battle between Regnall, king of the DugaUs, and the men of Alban. In the latter part of his reign he was brought into contact with the Saxons, and, according to the " Saxon Chronicle," placed himself in 924 under the protection of Ed- ward, the elder king of England. In 926 he entered into a treaty Tsath Athelstane, Edward's successor, who, in 934, on the plea that the treaty had been broken, invaded Scotland both by sea and land, sent his fleet as far as Caithness, and penetrated with his land army as far as Dunfceder and Wertermore. The PREFACE. cxli former is no doubt the fort of Dunfother or Dun- nottar ; and in 937 the great battle of Briinanburg was fought between Athelstane on the one hand and the whole Danish force of the islands, on whose side was ranged the Scots, with their king Constantin, on the other. In the prominent part taken by him in the struggle between the Danes and the Anglo-Saxons, he always appears as king of the Scots ; and finally, towards the end of his reign, the Saxons applied the term of Scotland to his kingdom,— a name which had previously been given by them to Ireland. The " Pictish Chronicle" states that in his old age he entered the Church, and transferred his kingdom to Malcolm, the son of Donald, and the Latin lists all agree that he became Abbot of the Culdees of St. Andrews. The " Albanic Duan " gives him a reign of forty-five years, and St. Berchan, who calls him Midhaise, forty-seven years, but the identity is clear, as he makes him retire to the " monastery on the " brink of the waves," and states that he died in " the house of the apostle." In the reign of Con- stantine, his brother Donald had been elected king of the Strathclyde Britons ; and in the reign of Malcolm, the son of Donald, his successor, the Maicoim, son kingdom of Cumbria was conquered by Edmund, ° king of the Saxons, and given to him. The " Pict- " ish Chronicle" gives Malcolm a reign of eleven years, and the Latin lists of nine ; and the only other event recorded of him is his ravaging North- umbria as far as the Tees in his seventh year ; cxlii PEEEACE. but the " Pictish Chronicle " adds that some attri- bute this expedition to Constantin, who resumed his kingdom for the purpose, and this will account for the reign of the latter being prolonged by some to forty-five and forty-seven years, and for the " Albanic Duan" assigning only four years to Mal- colm. The "Pictish Chronicle" says he was slain by the Viri na Moerne at Fodresach. The Latin lists, as usual, remove the scene of his death to Moray, at a place they call Ulurn ; but St. Berchan, who calls him the Bodhdhearg, or dangerous red one, and gives him a reign of nine years, confirms the " Pictish Chronicle," as he places his death on the brink of Dun/other, and thus estabhshes its iden- tification with Dunnottar, which is close to Fetter- esso. The " Irish Annals" place his death in 954. induif, son of He was succccdcd by Indulf, son of Constantin, to whom the " Pictish Chronicle" gives a reign of eight years, and the Latin lists of nine. In his reign the " oppidum Edin," or Dunedin, that is Edinburgh, was yielded to the Scots by the Angles, and along with it probably the country between Stirling and Edin- burgh. St. Berchan, who calls him the lonsaight- heuck, or aggressor, and gives him a reign of nine and a half years, says that he lost no part of his territories, but added to his kingdom by an addi- tion from a foreign land. The Latin lists say that he was slain by the Norwegians at Inverculan, but St. Berchan expressly states that he died "in the " house of the same pure apostle where his father PKEFACE. cxliii " died," that is, St. Andrews. The " Irish Annals" do not record his death. Indulf was succeeded by Duf, the son of Malcolm, uuf, son of to whom the " Pictish Chronicle" gives a reign of five ^ ™ ""' years, and the Latin lists of four and a half. The only event recorded in his reign is a battle between him and his successor, Culen, son of Indulf, at Duncrub, in which he was victorious, but was after- wards expelled by Culen. The Latin lists say he was slain at Forres, and add a strange story of his having been concealed under the bridge of Kinloss, during which time the sun did not shine.^ St. Berchan, who calls him Dubh, or black, and his antagonist Culen Finn, or white, mentions the battle as an expedition to Magh Fortren, and adds obscurely that Dubh went where he did not turn back, and there fell. The " Irish Annals" record his death by the Albanich themselves in 967. Culen, the son of Indulf, who succeeded him, also Cuien, son reigned, according to the "Pictish Chronicle," five years, and the Latin lists, four and a half. St. Berchan assigns nine years to both reigns. The only event recorded of him is his slaughter by the kinor of the Britons in Lothian. St. Berchan also says he got his death by the Britons, and that his grave is " on the brink of the waves." The " Irish " Annals" record his death by the Britons in 97L He was succeeded by Kenneth, son of Malcolm ; Kenneth, son and here the " Pictish Chronicle," after naiTating ° 1 There was an eclipse of the sun on 10th July 967. cxliv PKEFACE. the events of the early part of his reign, deserts us, as it appears to have been then compUed. It states his ravaging Britannia, by which is meant the territories of the Strathclyde Britons, and likewise Saxonia, by which those of the Northumbrians are intended ; his fortifying the banks of the fords of Forth, which shows the then southern limit of his kingdom ; and his donation of Brechin to the Church. By the Latin lists he has a reign of twenty- four years, and is said to have been slain by the treachery of Finuele or Findle Cunchar, Earl of Angus, corrupted into Finella, daughter of Cunchar, at Fettercau-n. St. Berchan calls him the Fingaktch, or fratricide, gives him a reign of twenty-four years, and says that he went to Maghsliahh at the great Monadh or Mounth, where he met his end. The " Irish Annals" record his slaughter by his own people in 995. constantiii, son Hc was succcedcd by Constantin, the son of Ciden, to whom the Latin lists give a reign of one year and a half, but the " Albanic Duan" of seven years ; while St. Berchan, who calls him the feeble king, gives him also a reign of one year and a half. He was slain by Kenneth, son of Malcolm, at Inver- amon. St. Berchan calls it a great battle, at the Sruthlmn, or stream pool, which is called Toe, by which the linn of Campsie on the Tay, not far from where it is joined by the Almond, is probably meant. His death in a battle among the Albanich them- selves is recorded by the "Irish Annals" in 997. PEEFACE. cxlv He was succeeded by a king who is called by cinead, i some of the Latin lists, and by Flann Mainistreach, ° and the " Irish Annals," Cinaed, son of Duf ; but by others of the Latin lists, Gi'ig, son of Kinet, son of Dubh, to whom a reign of eight years is given here ; by some lists Kinet, son of Duf, is made to succeed his father before Culen, and to have reigned one year and a half The "Albanic Duan" calls him simply Macduih, and gives him a reign of four years. St. Berchan calls him the Bonn, or " brown from strong " Duncath," and gives him a reign of eight years and a half. He is also apparently meant by the Ken- neth, son of Malcolm, who slew Constantin. It is obvious that there is some confusion here which the loss of the " Pictish Chronicle" leaves no means of clearing up ; but the probability is that the king who now reigned was Kenneth, son of Dubh, also called son of Malcolm, and that he had a son Grig, who may have reigned along with him. He is said by the Latin lists to have been slain by Malcolm, son of Kenneth, in Moighenard, now Monzievaird. St. Berchan says he was killed at his " stone of blood " between two glens" on the banks of the Earn. The " Irish Annals" record in 1005 a battle among the men of Alban, in which the king of Alban, i.e., Kenneth, son of Dubh, was slain. For the reign of Malcolm, son of Kenneth, and his successors to Malcolm Canmore, we have the almost cotemporary authority of Marianus Scotus ; and the confusion which exists in the short interval be- cxlvi ■ PKEFACE. tween the termination of the " Pictish Chronicle " and the reign of Malcolm the Second shows the value of that authority, and the danger of trusting exclusively to the Latin lists. The two royal From the abovc short sketch of the reigns of the thl^priudpai successors of Kenneth Mac Alpin, it is plain that ^^^- after the termination of the reign of Grig, the son of Dungal, the kings belonged to two families, both descended from Kenneth Mac Alpin through his two sons Constantin and Aed, and that the mem- bers of each family occupied the throne alternately. It will also be apparent that the one family was more peculiarly connected with the northern dis- tricts, and the other with the southern. Thus, Donald, son of Constantin, died at Dun/other. His son Malcolm is said by the "Pictish Chronicle" to have invaded Moray, and died also at Fetteresso, or Dun/other. One of his sons, Dubh, died at Forres ; his other son, Kenneth, died at Fettercairn, and founded the church of Brechin ; and his son Mal- colm at Glammis. On the other hand, Constantin fights in Lothian, and retires to St. Andrews, where he dies. His brother Donald is elected king of Strathclyde. His son Indulf acquires Dunedin and the territory around it, and also dies at St. Andrews. Indulf's son, Culen, is slain in Lothian by the Britons, and his son Constantin is slain at Inver- amon, on the Tay. This family seems to have come to an end in the person of Constantin, when their possessions probably fell to the other house, which \ PREFACE. cxlvii at this time also divided itself into two branches, descended from the two brothers, Dubh and Kenneth, sons of Malcolm. In Kenneth, son of Dubh, and his son Grig, this line of kings came to an end ; but the " Irish Annals" record a Boede, son of Kenneth, whose grandson was slain in the year 1033 ; and it appears from the chartulary of St. Andrews that Gruoch filia Boede was wife of Macbeth, son of Finnloech, and reigned along with him, while Lulach, his successor, is termed in one of the Latin lists, " nepos filii Boede ; " and thus the rights of that family may have passed to her husband and to Lulach, and given rise to their claims upon the throne. Malcolm, the son of Kenneth, is termed by Maicoim, son the chronicles, " Rex Victoriosissimus," and, by St. Berchan, the Forranach, or destroyer. He gives him a reign of thirty-five years, and says that " ten hosts were defeated before him." He reia;ned from 1004 to 1034, and to him the province of Lothian, or that part of Bernicia which extended from the Tweed to the Forth, was ceded. The kings of the race of Kenneth were now in pos- session of the four kingdoms of the Picts, the Scots, the Strathclyde Britons, and the Angles, north of the Tweed, and with Malcolm another change takes place in the designation of the king and of the territory he ruled over. The king is now termed liings of ScoUa. Rex Scotice, and the latter loses the name of Alba- nia and assumes that of Scotia, but the name of cxlviii PEEFACE. Scotia was still applied to that part of his king- dom which had been previously termed Albania, and which lay between the Firth of Forth, the river Spey, and Drumalban. Although he ruled as king over the other districts, they appear still to have preserved their distinctive appellations, and to have been considered as separate provinces. It was only when they were fully incorporated into the kingdom of Scotland that the name of Scotia extended over the whole. Malcolmus Rex ScoticB died, according to Marianus Scotus, on the seventh day before the Kalends of December, or on the 25th of Novem- ber 1034. Duncan Rex Scotice, the son of his daughter, succeeded him, and was slain by Macbeth, whom he calls dux suus, on the nineteenth of the Kalends of September, or the 14th of Augnast 1040, having reigned five years from St. Andrew's Day, and till the day which Marianus calls the Nati vitas Sanctae Marise, but by which the Feast of the Assumption, on the 15th of August, is meant. Macbeth, also called Rex Scotice, was slain in August 1057, having reigned seventeen years to the same Missa Sanctae Marise ; Lulach on the 17th March 1058, having reigned from the Missa Sanctas Marise to the Missa Sancti Patricii ; Malcolm, son of Dun- can, regit Scotiam, and had reigned twenty years to the same Missa Sancti Patricii, that is 17th March 1078, when these notices were written. PREFACE. cxlix VIII. OF THE SCOT- TISH FABLE. This sketch of the history of the four nations development which occupied the territory of the subsequent king dom of Scotland, shows the Scots as occupying a very different position in true history from that as- signed to them in the scheme of the early Scottish history propounded by John of Fordun. Appearing for the first time in the year 360 as a people of Ireland, inhabiting Ireland, and joining with other barbaric tribes in incursions upon the Eoman province in Britain, it was only about the year 498 that the Scots formed their first permanent settlement on the western shores of North Britain ; and, confined within limits differing but little from those of the modern county of Argyle, they remained a small Scottish colony in Britain for about 250 years, i.e., to nearly the middle of the eighth century, under their Scottish kings, without extending their terri- tory beyond these limits. During this time they were subjected for a period of between thirty and forty years to the rule of the Angles, and at the end of it they were entirely crushed and subdued by the Pictish monarch. There was then an interval of as nearly as possible one century between the termina- tion of the small Scottish kingdom of Dahiada and the subsequent Scottish kingdom founded by Ken- neth Mac Alpin, during which we find a series of Pictish princes in Dalriada. In the middle of the ninth century a Scottish dynasty was placed on the cl PEEFACE. Pictish throne under Kenneth Mac Alpin, who, after ruling for four reigns as kings of the Picts, succeeded in establishing the succession permanently in the Scottish line, while the Scots obtained so com- pletely the supremacy under the monarchs of their own race that the kingdom became essentially Scot- tish, and their kiags were termed either Reges Alhanice, or Reges Scotorum. Under this line of kings and their successors, the different provinces forming the subsequent kingdom of Scotland came by degrees under their sway, until eventually they became kings of the whole territory of Scotland, and as these provinces became incorporated into the kingdom, it formed one compact monarchy. Such seems to be the true deduction from our oldest his- torical documents, compared with the narrative of Bede and other historians, writing at a period to make their statements of paramount authority ; and the question remains as one, the solution of which seems necessarily to complete the inquiry. How did this history of the Scots come to lose its true aspect, and transform itself into one of so different a char- acter as that to which it had attained when John of Fordun compiled his histoiy, and to what extent can the cause of this transformation be still traced ? Throughout the whole of the true history of the people, as recorded in the scattered notices of the annals, and the meagre lists of the chronicles, it is very apparent that the ecclesiastical element entered very largely into the course of their history, and PEEFACE. cU exercised a powerful influence in the direction which it took ; and there seems little reason to doubt that this element enters equally largely into the causes which led to so great a change in the state- ment of their history, if it did not give the first im- pulse to it. The annals of the Christian Church in Scotland shed, therefore, a great light upon the course of its civil history ; and it is hardly possible to read the one aright without clearly apprehending the bearing and influence of the other. When Church historians of Scotland commence introduction of their narrative by stating that the period of the introduction of Christianity into this country is uncertain, and its early history involved in obscu- rity, they express an opinion about as completely opposite to the real facts of the case as can well be imagined. The date of its introduction into every part of Scotland can be stated with more than usual precision. The Strathclyde Britons looked to St. Ninian as their first apostle, and as it is recorded of him that he heard of the death of St. Martin of Tours while the first Christian Church in that country was being built at Whitherne, its date is fixed to the year 397. The Angles of Northumbria were converted to Christianity by Paulinus in the year 625. Of the Picts, the southern division were converted by St. Ninian of Whitherne, and the northern Picts by St. Columba, who came from Ireland in the year 563 ; and the Scots were already Christians when they landed in Argyleshire in the year 498. clii PEEFACE. Two sources, The Christianity of Scotland was thus derived from whence t n^ iriTi- derived. from two diflerent sources : that oi the Britons, the Angles, and the Southern Picts came from south Britain ; and that of the Scots and the northern Picts from Ireland ; and the Churches derived from each were very different in spii'it and in character. The Church of the Britons of Strathclyde and of the Southern Picts was more immediately founded by St. Ninian, who derived his teaching from Eome ; the Church of the Ancjles was an offshoot of that founded by Augustine, a direct missionary from Rome. The Church of the Northern Picts and of the Scots was derived from that founded by St. Patrick in Ireland. The former seem not to have differed in their constitution from the churches of other coun- tries. They possessed an episcopate in the full exercise of its ordinary jurisdiction and functions, and a secular clergy ; and, although monasticism existed in them to a great extent, it entered into the system as a distinct element attached to, but not coincident with, the clergy. On the other hand, monasticism had attained to a much more influential position in the Columban Church when it emerged from Ireland. It was a monastic church, in the fullest sense of the term, not merely that it pos- sessed monastic institutions, and that these institu- tions occupied a wide and prominent position in the Church, but that the entire Church was monastic, and her whole clergy embraced within the fold of the monastic rule. As Bede expresses it, in talking PEEFACE. cliii of her offshoot at Lindisferne : — " Omnes Presbyteri, " Diaconi, Can tores, Lectores, ceterique gradus eccle- " siastici, monachicam per omnia, cum ipso Epis- " copo, regulam servent" (Vit. S. Cuth. c. xvi.) She required the exercise of episcopal functions within her as much as any other chiirch, and had the superior order of bishops, according to canonical rule, for the purpose ; but, just as the tendency of all monasteries within a church was to obtain ex- emption from the rule of the diocesan Bishop, and even to have within themselves a resident Bishop, for the exercise of episcopal functions in the monas- tery, to whose abbot he was subject, as being under the monastic rule ; so when the entire Church was monastic, the whole episcopate was necessarily in this position. There was nothing in it derogatory to the power of episcopal orders, and to the episco- pal functions of which they are the source, but the mission, and the jurisdiction which flowed from it, was not in the Bishop, but in the monastery, and was necessarily exercised through the abbot, who was its monastic head. These two Christian systems, derived from Two churches churches of different character, and entering Scot- land from different quarters — the one from the south, and the other from the west— necessarily came ia contact with each other in the common field of their missionary labours, and occasionally superseded each other, according as the one or other prevailed in the different districts, and, though the m cliv PEEFACE. prominent points of difference were the proper time for keeping Easter and the tonsure, there can be Httle doubt that much of the antagonism between them lay in the different spii'it and organization of The ciiurcii of ^jjg Churchss. The church founded by St. Ninian Nmiaa and *' Kentigera. originally embraced the whole of the country south of the Firths of Forth and Clyde ; while its popula- tion was entirely British, and extended beyond the former estuary into the regions occupied by the southern Picts ; but the Saxon colonies on the eastern shore, and the Angles who formed the king- dom of Bernicia, within the limits of his church, were pagans ; and the influence of this pagan population, and the decay of the Church naturally caused what is termed by the monastic writers an " a^iostasia." The Church was revived among the Britons of Strathclyde in the sixth centurj^, by Kentigern, who thus re-founded the Church in the same century with the arrival of St. Columba. The earlier part of his acts is probably fabulous ; but this seems certain, that, when the battle of Arderydd, in 573, estabhshed Rederchen as monarch of all the Strathclyde Bri- tons, Kentigern came from Wales with a number of clergy, from the monastery of Llanelwy, which he had founded, and re-established the Church in Strathclyde, of wliich Glasgow became the chief seat. Although the Northumbrians were converted m the reign of Edwin by Paulinus in the year 625, according to the narrative of Bede, there is reason to conclude that the Church of Kentigern had a PEEFACE. civ large share in their conversion; for, according to the additions to the " Historia Britonum," they are said to have been baptized by Eun, the son of Urien ; while Kentigern was, according to Welsh tradition, either the son or the grandson of the same Urien. The seat of this Church was fixed at York. If we may judge by the dedications of the churches, there is reason to believe that the Church of Ken- tigern Hkewise extended itself beyond the Firth of Forth into the regions of the southern Picts. On the other hand, the Columban Church, the prin- The ciiurch cipal seat of which was the Monasteiy of lona, soon advanced beyond the frontiers of the northern Picts, and completely superseded the other Church over the whole territories of the Picts. In 633 the conquest of Northumbria by the pagan Penda, king of the Mercians, and the semi-pagan CeadwaUa, king of North Wales, and the death of Edwin, ex- tinguished the infant Church which had been founded at York ; and when the Christian Church was again restored by Oswald, who had dwelt in exile at lona during the reign of Edmund, and been educated by its monks, he introduced the Columban Church into Northumbria, which remained the sole Church of that country for thirty years, having its chief seat in the small island of Lindisfarne, where they founded a monastery on the exact model of that of lona. It is when alluding to lona at the time of the introduction of the Columban Church into Northumbria, that Bede says of it, " Cujus clvi PEEFACE. The Church of Wilfrid. Re-establish- ment of Colum- ban Church. " monasterium in cunctis pene Septentrionalium Scot- " torum, et omnium Pictorum monasteriis non parvo " tempore arcem tenebat, regeuclisque eorum populis "praeerat." (Lib. in. c. iii.) When Oswy conquered the province of the Picts and added it to his domin- ions, the Church of Northumbria was still Columban, and therefore that conquest produced no change in its ecclesiastical relations ; but when the result of the CouncU of "Whitby led to the departure of the Columban Church from Northumbria, and to the establishment of the ecclesiastical party of which Wnfrid was the head, and which identified itself with Eome, its influence must have extended itself wherever the dominion of the Angles reached. The chief seat of this Church was removed from Lindis- farne to York, which shows that the Church of WUfrid considered itself the representative of the older Church at York ; and when Wilfrid himself was established as bishop in that city, we are ex- pressly told that his diocese included the province of the Picts. The influence of this party must have been stiU further increased when Trumwin was con- stituted a separate bishop over the province of the Picts. The defeat of Ecgfrid in 685, and the over- throw of the Anglic rule, terminated for a time, at least, that influence ; and any Anglic clergy, who had penetrated beyond the Forth, must have fol- lowed Trumwin in his hasty flight from Abercorn. The Columban clergy Avere no doubt completely re- established in their possession of the whole Pictish PEEFACE. clvii Church. The influence of the Angles and of their Church upon the Picts had not been without its effect ; for Bede informs us that, in 710, Nectan, king of the Picts, renounced the error by which he and his nation had till then been held, in relation to the observance of Easter, and submitted, together with his people, to celebrate the Catholic time of our Lord's resurrection. He sent messengers to Ceolfrid, Abbot of Jarrow, in Northumberland, re- questing instruction, and likewise that he would send architects that he might build a church after the Eoman manner, which he promised to dedicate in honour of the blessed Peter, and that he and all his people would always follow the custom of the holy Eoman Apostolic Church. Ceolfrid accord- ingly wrote a long letter in support of the Eoman usages ; and Bede goes on to say, that this letter being read in the presence of the king, and carefully interpreted into his own langviage by those who could understand it, he rejoiced, and declared that he would continually hereafter observe the Eoman time of Easter, and that the tonsure should be re- ceived by his clergy. The cycles of nineteen years were sent throughout all the province of the Picts, and the nation, thus reformed, rejoiced, as being newly placed under the direction of St. Peter, and made secure under his protection. This change must have been accompanied by the Expulsion of ^ i ./ Columban mon- introductiou of clergy of the Eoman party from astio clergy, ^ . , and intruduc- Northumbria. And the contest between the secular tion of secular clergy. clviii PREFACE. clergy of that Church and the monastic priests of the Columban Church soon led to the latter being completely driven out of the Pictish territories ; for Tighernac records, in 717, "Expulsio familie lae " trans dorsum Britannic a Nectano Rege," which implies that Nectan had driven the whole of the Columban clergy across Drumalban, which separated the Pictish kingdom from Dalriada ; and thus the entire Pictish people passed over from the Columban to the Anglic Church. This great change evidently forms the subject of the "Legend of Bonifacius," on 16th March (A pp. No. vii.) It shows us the intro- duction of a new clergy, and the foundation of new churches, which were dedicated to St. Peter, in the reign of a King Nectan. And the clergy thus intro- duced appear to be secular, as opposed to monastic. That such was the tradition appears from Wyntoun, who teUs us of this King Nectan : — " In Ros he fowndyd Rosmarkyne, Dat dowyd wes wyth kyngys sjTie, And made was a place cathedrals Be-north MuiTaue severale ; Quhare chanomvnys ar seculare Wndyr Saynt Bonyface lyvand thare." The legend imphes the same thing, for Bonifacius is accompanied by six bishops, seven presbyters, seven deacons, seven sub-deacons, seven acolytes, seven exorcists, seven lectors, and seven hostiarii. These formed the orders of the secular clergy ; and the number of bishops, including Bonifacius, being PEEFACE. cHx exactly seven, points so strongly to the seven provinces of the Pictish kingdom, that it seems to indicate the establishment of a diocesan episcopacy. The "Legend of St. Servanus" (App. No. vi.) also belongs to this period, for he is said, according to the chronicle in the " Scalacronica," to have entered Fife in the reign of Brude, brother of this Nectan ; and that he belonged to the same mission seems indicated by the fact that both he and Bonifacius are said to have been natione Israelitici, and that one of the seven bishops mentioned in the " Legend " of Bonifacius " is Servandus or Servanus. With the departure of the Columban clergy, the veneration of St. Columba as the apostle of the northern Picts seems to have been given up, at least by the southern portion of that people, and St. Peter now became the patron saint of the kingdom, and continued to be so till the year 736, when Angus, the son of Fergus, established his power by the defeat of Nectan himself, and the other compe- titors for the throne. As this king rapidly brought the territories of the other Pictish families under his sway, and even added Dalriada to his kingdom, he seemed desii'ous to connect a new ecclesiastical influence with his reign, for, in the same year that he completed the conquest of Dabiada, he founded a church at St. Andrews, in which he placed a new body of clergy, who had brought the relics of St. Andrew with them, and this apostle soon became the more popular patron saint of the kingdom, while clx rREFACE. the previous patronage of St. Peter disappeared from its annals. During the century which extended from the conquest of Dahiada by Angus MacFergiis to the re-establishment of the Scots under Kenneth Mac Alpin, St. Andrew remained the patron saint of the whole kingdom, and the church at St. Andrews the head of the Pictish Church. Return of Co- It is hardly possible to suppose that the Columban cCTgy- Qjj^-jj.(,]j ^l^^g ejected from the Pictish kingdom, and her clergy deprived of their ecclesiastical establish- ments in that part of the country, should have quietly acquiesced in their defeat, or given up the desire and the hope one day to recover their footing among the people whom their founder had con- verted ; and we may well believe that the whole of the Irish Church, of which they were but an offshoot, shared in the feeling. It is hardly possible, there- fore, to doubt that, among the causes which led to the revolution which placed a Scottish dynasty on the Pictish throne, not the least influential must have been an effort on the part of the Columban clergy to recover possession of their old establish- ments. That such was one great cause of the over- throw of the Pictish kingdom, is indicated in the " Pictish Chronicle," which states, " Deus enim eos " pro merito sue maUtie alienos ac otiosos heredi- " tate dignatus est facere : quia illi uon solum Domini " missam ac preceptum spreverunt ; sed in jure " equitatis aliis equiparari noluerent." They were PEEFACE. clxi overthrown, not only because they despised Domini missam ac precei^tum, i.e., the doctrine and ritual of the Columban Church, but because they would not tolerate the Church itself. If the influx of the secular clergy under King Nectan is indicated by the "Legend of St. Bonifacius," the return of the Col- umban clergy under Kenneth Mac Alpin seems like- wise shadowed forth in the "Legend of St. Adrian," on 4th March (App. No. viii.) He is said to have arrived "ad orientales Scocie partes que tunc a " Pictis occupabantur," and to have landed there with 6606 confessors, clergy, and people. These men, with their bishop Adrian, the Pictish kingdom being destroyed, dilati regno Pictorum, did many signs, but afterwards desired to have a residence on the Isle of May. The Danes, who then devastated the whole of Britain, came to the island, and there slew them. Their martyrdom is said to have taken place in the year 875. It wUl be observed that they are here said to have settled in the east part of Scotland, opj^osite to the Isle of May — that is, in Fife, — while the Picts stiU occupied it ; that the Pictish kingdom is then said to have been de- stroyed ; and that their martyrdom took place in 875, thii'ty years after the Scottish conquest under Kenneth Mac Alpin. Their arrival was therefore almost coincident with the Scottish conquest ; and the large number said to have come — not the modest 21 who arrived with Regulus, but 6606 confessors, clergy, and people — shows that the traditionary cLxii PEEFACE. history was really one of an invasion, and leads to the suspicion at once that it was in reality a part of the Scottish occupation of the Pictish kingdom. That they were Scots appears from this, that the year 875, when they are said to have been slain by the Danes, falls in the reign of Constantin, son of Kenneth Mac Alpin, in his fourteenth year ; and this year the " Pictish Chronicle" records a battle between the Danes and the Scots, and adds that not long after it occisi sunt Scoti co Aclicochlam, which seems to refer to this very slaughter. The "Pictish Chronicle" likewise records that Kenneth Mac Alpin, in his seventh year, transferred the relics of St. Columba to a church which he had built. We learn from the " Irish Annals " that these relics had been removed to Ireland in the year 849, by the Abbot of lona. They must now have been brought from thence ; and there is no doubt that the church which Kenneth had built was that of Dun- keld. During the first four reigns of the house of Kenneth, when the kings were termed Reges Pictorum, Dunkeld seems to have possessed the primacy, as in 865 the "Irish Annals" record the death of " Tuathal mac Artguso primus Episco- " pus Fortrenn 7 Abbas DuincaiUenn ;" but when, after the expulsion of Eocha and Grig, the sue-, cession was firmly established in the main line of the descendants of Kenneth, and their kings came to be called Rigli Alhan and Reges Scotorum, a new change took place in the ecclesiastical re- PEEFACE. clxiii lations of the country. In the reign of Constantin Mac Aed, the " Pictish Chronicle" tells ns that " Con- " stantinus rex, et Cellachus episcopus, leges discip- " linasque fidei, atque jura ecclesiarum ewangeli- " orumque, pariter cum Scottis in coUe Credulitatis " prope regaU civitate Scoan devoverunt custodiri." We are now on historic ground. Cellach was un- doubtedly Bishop of St. Andrews, and the scene of this event was Scone, the capital of the kingdom. On comparing the language of this passage with the passage previously quoted from the same chro- nicle, giving the cause of the overthrow of the Picts, the contrast between the two is very signi- ficant. In the one, the Picti in jure equitatis aliis, that is, the Scottish clergy, equiparari noluerunt ; and in the other, the king and the Bishop of St. Andrews vowed to preserve the laws and discipline of the faith, pai'iter cum Scottis, — the thing" that the Picts would not do. From tliis time the church of St. Andrews became the head of the Scottish Church, its bishops were termed epscop Alhcin or episcopi Albanie, and it became thoroughly identified with the Scottish kingdom and Scottish people. The legends of the saints above quoted are not referred to as documents of historic authority, but as shadowino; forth ecclesiastical legends in har- mony with the facts indicated by the chronicles and annalists. This much seems certain, that the Colum- ban Church remained the Church of the Pictish clxiv PREFACE. kingdom till the year 710 ; that between that year and 7 1 7 it was superseded by a church of a different character, and her monastic clergy diiven out, while secular clergy of a different race replaced them ; that the kingdom, which had venerated St. Columba as its apostle, was placed under the patronage of St. Peter, and that the great power acquired twenty years later by Angus, son of Fergus, was accom- panied by the foundation, in the year 736, of the church of St. Andrews, and the general adoption of St. Andrew as the patron saint of the kingdom ; that a century later the establishment of a king of the Scottish race on the Pictish throne was accompanied by the return of the Scottish clergy ; and that the Scottish Church again acquired the supremacy in the reign of Constantin, under the primacy of St. Andrews and its bishop. This Church now represented in a peculiar manner the Scottish population, and was intimately connected and closely allied with the Scottish royal house that occupied the throne. The territory forming the diocese of St. Andi'ews would almost seem to point out the limits of the Scottish population and the districts actually occupied by them as a people. North of the Firth of Forth it comprised the whole of Fife, Kinross, and Gowrie — what may be called the central portion of the Scottish kingdom, which was peculiarly, the kingdom of Scone. In Angus and Mearns it shared the churches with the diocese of Brechin in a manner so irregular and unsystematic PEEFACE. clxv , 'vrith England. as to point to a mixed population, of whicli some of the villages were Scottish and some Pictish ; while south of the Firth of Forth it comprised the dis- tricts acquired from time to time by the kings of the Scottish race from the Northumbrian kingdom. Prior to the reign of Alexander the First, the Controversy question of the independence of the kingdom of Scotland, or of its subjection to the king of England as its Lord Paramount, had not become- the subject of discussion between the two countries. This controversy first arose under the Norman kings of England. It is true that, in the year 1072, King William the Conqueror entered Scotland with an army, penetrated as far as Abernethy on the Tay, and there received the homage of King Malcolm Canmore. It is true that his son William Rufus placed two of the sons of Malcolm, first Duncan, and afterwards Edgar, by force of arms upon the throne of Scotland. It is likewise true that several of the kings of the Scots of the line of Kenneth Mac Alpin are alleged to have done homage to the Anglo-Saxon kings of England, as Bretwaldas of Britain ; but though these facts were founded on in the subsequent discussion of the question, the con- troversy itself had not then arisen,^ and hence our 1 Mr. Eobei-tsou, in tlie Ajjpen- dix to his " Scotland under its " Early Kings" on the English Claims, appears to the Editor to have completely disposed of the claims founded on the passages in the monkish historians prior to the Norman conquest. This paper appears to the Editor one of the acutest and most satisfac- tory of these very able essays. clxvi PKEFACE. oldest documents, the native record of the " Pictish " Chronicle," the " Albanic Duan," and the Irish re- cords, consisting of the " Synchronisms of Flann " Mainistreach," the " Irish additions to the Historia " Britonum," and the " Prophecy of St. Berchan " appear untainted by the introduction of fictitious matter through the exigencies of this controversy. They seem to have preserved genuine traditions of the early history of the country. AVhen the contro- versy first arose it regarded more the independence of the Scottish Church than that of the Scottish nation, and was called forth by the elections of the bishops of St. Andrews. In the year 1072, the same year in which WUliam the Conqueror invaded Scotland, a compact was formed by the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York, by which all Britain north of the Humber was given to the jurisdiction of the latter. The Archbishop of York claimed the right of consecrating the Bishop of St. Andrews as his suffragan, which was resisted by Alexander the First, who maintained that the Bishop of St. Andrews, as the Ejnscopus Alhanice, was the head of the Scottish Church, and that the Scottish Church was independent. It is unneces- sary for our purpose to follow the details of this controversy ; suffice it to say, that Robert, Prior of Scone, who had been elected during the reign of Alexander the First, but remained unconsecrated, was, in the reign of David the First, consecrated by Thurstan, Archbishop of York, in the year 1138, PREFACE. clxvii under reservation of the claim of the See of York, and the right of the See of St Andrews ; and that Arnold, the next bishop, was consecrated by William, Bishop of Murray, as the Pope's legate, in the pre- sence of the king, and of the bishops, abbots, and princes of the land. He was succeeded by Richard, chaplain to King Malcolm the Fourth, who was elected in 1163, and consecrated in 1165, "apud " Sanctum Andreiam in Scotia, ab Episcopis ejusdem " terrae." This controversy regarding the indepen- dence of the Scottish Church, and the independence of the See of St Andrews as its head, seemed to in- volve that of the Scottish nation likewise ; and we can well believe that the discussion called forth the highest pretensions to antiquity on behalf both of the Church and of the people. It is in the year 1165, the year of the consecration of Richard, Bishop of St. Andrews, by the bishops of the land, and the year in which William the Lion commenced his reign, that the first of the series of Latin lists purporting to contain the early history of Scotland appeared. They consist of the Chronicle, the Descrip- tion of Scotland, and the " Legend of St. Andrew," contained in the Colbertine MS. And the form which the chronicles had now assumed was simply this, — the foundation of St. Andrews by Angus, the son of Fergus, king of the Picts, in the eighth century, is transferred back to the fourth century, and connected with the removal of the relics from Constantinople to Patras in the reign of Constan- clxviii PREFACE. tine the Great. The interval between the death of Alpin, the last Scottish king of Daliiada, and the ac- cession of Kenneth Mac Alpin, the first Scottish king who ruled over the Picts, extending to a century of Pictish rule in Dalriada, and during which time the foundation of St. Andrews really took place, is suppressed, and Alpin is made the immediate pre- decessor of Kenneth, and identified with his father, so as to unite the Scottish kingdom of Dalriada with the subsequent Scottish kingdom of Kenneth ; and, finally, the chain of connexion between them is completed by a genealogy of William the Lyon, in which his pedigree is taken through Kenneth Mac Alpin and the Scottish kings of Dal- riada to Ireland through a long catalogue of Irish names. By this device, the monarchy of Scotland appears as a continuous Scottish kingdom as far back as the beginning of the sixth century, while the foundation of St. Andrews is removed to a period two centuries earlier. The artificial nature of this junction of separate lists is apparent from the expression of primus rex Scottorum being connected with the name of Kenneth Mac Alpin. This was true, when he was considered as the suc- cessor of the old Pictish kings, — and though himself of the race of the Scots, removed by a century from the last Scottish king of Dalriada, — but it was quite inconsistent with the supposition that he was the immediate successor of the Dalriadic Scots. This difficulty appears to have struck the compilers of PEEFACE. clxix the subsequent chronicles, and they try to evade it in diiFerent ways. In the prose chronicle attached to the " Cronicon Elegiacum" it is said, " Iste voca- " tus est rex primus, non quia fuit, sed quia primus " leges Scotianas instituit, quas vocant leges Mac- " alpin." And in a later chronicle, in similar form, it is said of the Scottish kings of Dalriada, with a view to explain the apparent anomaly, " Isti omnes " fere interfecti sunt sed nee fuerunt reges quia non " dominabantur per electionem neque per sanguinem " sed per prodicionem." In the year 1174 William the Lyon was made prisoner by Henry, king of England, and carried over to Normandy. The Scots purchased his liberty by surrendering the independency of the nation ; and with the consent of the Scottish barons and clergy, William became the liegeman of Henry for Scotland and all his other territories, and in 1176 the Church of Scotland was required to yield obe- dience to the English Church. In 1189 Henry, king of England, died, and his successor Richard agreed to renounce his claim to the dependence of Scotland for a sum of money. During this period the question of the right of England to supremacy over Scotland must have been the subject of dis- cussion. In the whole of this discussion, in w^hich both parties referred to the early legendary history of their respective countries, as if they possessed historic authority, great use was made by England of the Welsh tale, that Brutus was the first colonist n clxx PREFACE. of the country, and had divided it among his three sons, Locrinus, Camber, and Albanactus. The forcible argument derived from it was that the kings of England represented the eldest son, Locrinus, and that the early kings of Scotland, representing the younger son, Albanactus, must have been in subjec- tion to them. This fable, in some shape or another, had hitherto been accepted by the Scotch, as we find it in the " Albanic Duan," and it is likewise alluded to in the " Metrical Prophecy" in the Colbertine MS. ; but as the controversy grew hotter, its bearing upon the discussion became more distasteful to the pleaders of the Scottish side. It was felt, as the " Metrical Prophecy" expresses it, — " Candidus Albanus, patriotis causa ruine, Traditione sua Scotia regna premet ;" and it was resolved, apparently, to get quit of it altogether. Accordingly, the " Cronica Brevis," which bears to be compiled in the year 1187, com- mences with this statement, " Summa annorum pri- " morum Scotorura, qui ante Pictos regnaverunt " cclx. annis et iij mensibus." In the " Albanic " Duan," Albanus had first settled in Scotland, and was succeeded by the seventy kings of the Picts, who in their turn were succeeded by Kenneth Mac Alpin, the first of the Scots. The tradition of Albanus or Albanactus was now put aside altogether, and a Scottish kingdom was placed before the Picts. They are said to have lasted for 260 years, which is as nearly as possible the duration of the Scottish PREFACE. clxxi kingdom of Dalriada, omitting the fictitious kings introduced ; and when we examine the list of kings in this chronicle, we find that it commences with the kings of Dalriada, from Fergus, son of Erth, to Alpin, the last king of them. Then follows the ex- pression, " et tunc trauslatum est regnum Scotorum " in regnum Pictorum ;" and this is succeeded by the Pictish kings from Cniithne, the eponymus of the nation, to Drust, son of Ferat, their last king, who was followed by Kenneth Mac Alpin. In this form of the chronicle, the Scottish kings are re- moved from their position as the immediate pre- decessors of Kenneth Mac Alpin, and placed bodily before the kings of the Picts, so as to give them a high antiquity, and make the Scottish kingdom commence 443 years before the Incarnation. In the year 1251, Alexander the Third did homage to the king of England for his English possessions. Henry demanded homage also for the kingdom of Scotland, " prout evidenter in cronicis locis multis " scribitur;" but Alexander excused himself on the ground that he could not take a step so important without the knowledge and approbation of his Par- liament. If the King of England referred to chro- nicles, similar documents were soon provided in Scotland to meet them, and we find one of them in the chronicle transcribed from the register of the priory of St. Andrews. It bears to have been com- piled in the year 1251. It commences with the names of the kings who first reigned in Scotland ; clxxii PEEFACE. and these are no other than the twenty-three kings of Dalriada, from Fei'gus Mac Erth to Alpin. Then occurs the expression, " et tunc translatum est " regnum Scotorum in regnum Pictorum." Then follow the sixty kings of the Picts, with the title Nomina Region Pictonim, and after them se- quuntur nomina regum Scotorum commencing with Kenneth Mac Alpin, in whose reign we are again in historic ground. It is remarkable that in this chronicle, by the addition of a hundred years to the period said to have elapsed from the time of Kenneth Mac Alpin, it is removed back one century, so as to meet the date when the Scottish kingdom of Dahiada, in point of act, came to an end. In 1269, the question of the independence of the Scottish Church was again raised, by an attempt on the part of the King of England to levy the tenths of the benefices in Scotland ; and if the prose chronicle attached to the " Cronicon Elegiacum" in the copy inserted in the " Clironicle of Melrose" has been rightly assigned to the year 1270, we have the theory again asserted that the Scottish kings of Dabiada were the immediate predecessors of Kenneth Mac Alpin ; and we find the later kings of Dalriada brought down a hundred years after their true date, and a few fictitious kings added to suit this theory. In the year 1278, in the Enghsh Parliament, Alexander the Third of Scotland swore fealty to Edward the First of England in general terms. PEEFACE. clxxiii Edward accepted it, " salvo jure et clameo, de " regno Scotise, cum inde loqui voluerint." Every act of homage on the part of Scottish kings seems to have revived the controversy and given birth to a new chronicle ; and this was followed in 1280 by a still more elaborate edition of the Scottish version of the story. It is contained in the chronicle quoted in the " Scalachronica," and bearing to be compiled in this year. The tale is here much more circumstantially told. We have the origin of the Scots, their wanderings from Egypt to Spain, from thence to Ireland, and from Ireland to Scotland, where they settled under Fergus son of Ferthard. Then follows the statement that Fergus, son of Ferthard, was the first king of Scotland, and he is foUowed by the Scottish kings of Dalriada, ending with Alpin, who is said to have been the last of the Scots who reigned immediately before the Picts, and that the duration of their reign before the Picts was 305 years. We have then the tale of the arrival of the Picts, followed by the list of their kings, down to Drust, the son of Ferat, the last of them. We have then the introduction of a new colony of Scots from Ireland, and the destruc- tion of the king and nobles of the Picts by them by stratagem, and the statement of the recommence- ment of the reign of the kingdom of the Scots after the failure of the kingdom of the Picts, which kingdom of the Scots had commenced before the Picts, 443 years before the Incarnation. Then chronicles. clxxiv PEEFACE. follows the statement that the Picts, having been destroyed in this manner, Kenneth Mac Alpin reigned over the Scots, and was the first Scottish king after the Picts. This chronicle advances the fable one step further, for it substitutes for Fergus Mac Erch, Fergus son of Ferthard, who appears in the genealogy of William the Lyon as his remote ancestor, and thus suits better the distant period in which he is placed. Two forms of There were thus two forms of the Scottish chronicle : one which seems to have originated in the discussion regarding the independence of the Church, in which the Scottish kings of Dalriada, who reigned historically from 498 to 741, are extended over the interval of a hundred years, between their last king and Kenneth Mac Alpin, by the interpola- tion of fictitious kiugs, so as to bring the last king of the earlier Scottish kingdom in direct contact with the first king of what was the real commencement of the dynasty of the Scottish monarchs ; while the foundation of St. Andrews by Angus Macrergus,king of the Picts, which really took place in the interval between the two Scottish kingdoms, is removed back to an early period, so as to precede the first of them. The second form of the chronicle seems to have been produced by the exigencies of the controversy with England regarding the indejiendence of the Scottish kingdom. In this form of the fable, the Scottish kings of Dak-iada are removed back to a distant period, so as to place the commencement of the PEEFACE. clxxv Scottish kingdom in the year 443 before the Christian era. They are followed by the whole list of the Pictish kings, and the last of these is suc- ceeded by Kenneth Mac Alpin, the founder of the later Scottish kingdom. In 1290, Edward king of England produced a vast body of extracts from chronicles collected from the monasteries in England ; but no further statement appears on the Scottish side till the year 1301, when the controversy again broke out in a stUl more formal shape, in consequence of the interposition of the Pope, who addressed a letter to the king of England, which was followed by his reply, and by two documents emanating from the Scotch. In these the question was fully discussed, according to the aspect in which it was viewed on both sides, and in the Scotch documents the statement now first appears, that the Scotch were converted to Christi- anity by the clergy who introduced the relics of St. Andrew, and that they had been converted 400 years before the conversion of the Angles. The Pope again interposed in the year 1317, after Eobert the Bruce had firmly established himself on the Scottish throne ; but this time the intervention was on the side of the English, and had no other effect than to draw forth from the high-spirited king of the Scotch an assertion of his rights as an inde- pendent monarch ; but the date of this event coin- cides with that of the next chronicle, which was compiled in the same year. The lists of the kings clxxvi PEEFACE. of this chronicle is obviously taken from the same source as that of the "Chronicle of St. Andrews,", but the order of the different groups of kings is in- verted. It commences with the kings of the Picts, then follows the Scottish kings of Dalriada, who are immediately succeeded by the kings of the later Scottish kingdom, commencing with Kenneth Mac Alpin. That this was an artificial alteration of the one series of chronicles, with a view to bring them into conformity with the other, is apparent enough, because, while the Scottish kings of Dal- riada are placed after the Pictish kings, the ex- pression at the end of the former is retained, " et " tunc translatum est regnum Scotorum in regnum " Pictorum,"— an expression only applicable to a chronicle in which the Scottish kings of Dalriada precede the Pictish kings. This chronicle was followed three years after (1320) by the celebrated letter of the Scottish barons to the Pope, in which they vindicate the independence of Scotland. In this letter the statement is repeated, that the Scots were con- verted to Christianity by St. Andrew ; and the statement is added, that from the arrival of the Scots in Britain, 113 kings had reigned in the kingdom of Scotland. Two forms Such was the shape which the chronicles had by'ronhin. assumed when John of Fordun compiled his history. His object appears to have been to place the antiquity and continuity of the Scottish PREFACE. clxxvii kingdom upon a firmer basis, by interweaving the statements of these previous chronicles into one harmonious whole, and interpolating matter of his own invention where it became necessary, in order to compact the somewhat discordant materials into one consistent narrative. The leading feature of his scheme of history is the combination of the two series of chronicles into one consistent system. He adopts the view of the one set of chronicles, that the Scottish kings of Dalriada were the immediate predecessors of Kenneth Mac Alpin ; but not content with extending them over the century which really intervened between the kingdom of the Scots of Dalriada and that of Ken- neth Mac Alpin, by the interpolation of supposititi- ous kings, he likewise extends them a century further back, by a similar process of interpolation, so as to make the kingdom commence under Fergus Mac Erch, in the year 403, instead of the subsequent century ; but while he adopts the one series of chronicles in this respect, he likewise gives effect to the scheme of the other, by placing an older Scottish kingdom of Scotland, v/hich commenced under Fergus, son of Ferthard, 443 years before the Chris- tian era. Instead, however, of terminating this older kingdom with the commencement of the long line of Pictish monarchs, he continues it to the year 360, when he supposes this older settlement of Scots to have terminated, and the Scottish people to have been expelled out of the country, — a part going to clxxviii PEEFACE. Ireland and part to Norway. This is immediately followed by the arrival of tlie relics of St. Andrew, and the foundation of St. Andrews. The Scots are then made to return under Fergus Mac Erch, forty- three years after their expulsion. While, however, he follows the earlier chronicles in placing the founda- tion of St. Andrews at that early period, he does not adopt the statement that the Scots were then converted to Christianity ; but finding it hkewise stated that this conversion took place 400 years before that of the Angles, he applies that to the date of the conversion of the Saxons in 603, and thus brings out that the Scots were converted to Christianity in the year 203. Having thus effected his twofold object of assigning a great antiquity to the Scottish kingdom, and of bringing it down so as to place the last king of Dalriada in immediate con- tact with the first king of the later Scottish king- dom, Kenneth Mac Alpin, his next object is to show that the Scots whom Kenneth led into the kingdom of the Picts had been brought by him out of Dal- riada, and were the same Scots which had formed the Dalriadic kingdom. He adopts as the basis of his narrative the same statement as that which is contained in the " Chronicle of Huntingdon," and a comparison of that chi'onicle with the text of For- dun will show how ingeniously he interpolates the matter necessary to adapt his materials to the scheme of his history. PEEFACE. clxxix Chronicle of Huntingdon. Anno ab incarnacione Domini octingintesimo tricesimo quarto congressisunt Scotti cum Pictis in soUempnitate Paschali. Et plures de nobilioribus Fictorum ceciderunt. SicqueAlpinusRes Scottorum victor extitit, unde in superbiam elatus ab [eis altero conserto] bello tercio decirao Kl Augusti ejusdem anni a Pictis vincitur atque truncatur. cujus filius Kynadius [successlt in regno patris], qui vii9 regni sui anno, cum pirate Danorum, occupatis li- toribus, Pictos sua defendentes, strage maxima pertrivissent, in reliquos Pictorum terminos FORDUN. Postquam Dungallus obisset Alpinus filius Achay statim coronatus, regni regimen susce- pit, anno Domini Dcccxxxi. reg- navitque trihiis annis. Bellum contra Pictos a prcedecessori- bus cmptum, infatigabili labors continuavit, eos semper exerciti- hiis aid crebris irrupcionibus devastando: Igitur anno tercio sui regni, in solemnitate Pas- chali, Scoti cum Pictis con- gressi sunt, et plures de suis nobilibus ceciderunt ; unde fit, lit rex Alpinus victor existens, in superbiam elatus, eodem anno xiii. Kal. Augusti, temere cum eis altero conserto praslio, vincitur, capitur, et omni neg- lecta redemcione, capita de- truncatur. Filius autem Alpini Kene- thus successit in regno patris, anno Domini Dcccxxxiv. et in regno Pictorum, ipsis superatis Anno Domini Dcccxxxix. Hie mira calliditate duxit Scotos in regno Pictorum, cujus hoec, ut sequitur causa fuit. . . . Anno deinde regni sui sexto, cum piratae Danorum, occu- patis litoribus, Pictos sua de- fendentes non modica strage prsedando maritima protrivis- sent, similiter et ipse Kynnedus in reliquos Pictorum terminos, montana finiuni suorum viz. dorsum Albanice, quod Scotice clxxx PEEFACE. transiens arma vertit, et multis occisis fugere compulit, sicque Monarchiam qxie nunc tocius Albanie Seocia dicitur p[rimus'] Scottorum Ite[x con- guisivit] el in ea prima super Scottos regnavit. Qui anno xii? regni sui septies in una die cum Pictis congre- diturmultisque pertritis regnum sibi confirmat. Drumalban dicitur, transiens, arma vertit, et, multis Pictorum occisis, reliquos in fugam com- pulit, et amhorum regnorum monarchiam conquisivit. Picti vero, reparatis aliquantulum Anglorum auxilio virihus, quatuor annis Kynnedum in- festabant. Sed consequenter postmodum inopinatis incur- sihus, et variis eos stragibus debilitans, duodecimo tandem anno regni sui septies uno die congreditur, et innumeris Pic- torum populis prostratis, reg- num deinceps de fluvio Tyne juxta Northumbriam ad Or- cadum insulas totum sibi ratifi- cat confirmatum. It is needless to follow further this gradual deve- lopment of the Scottish fable till it reaches the full-blown romance of Hector Boece. But it is remarkable how thoroughly it is connected throus;hout with St. Andrews. The ecclesiastical fable which disowned Columba as the apostle of the Picts, and lona as his chief seat, and gave an ex- travagant antiquity to the foundation of St. Andrews, commenced with that community. The perversion of the true history, called forth by the exigencies of the controversy with England, originated more or less with them ; and every exponent of the Scottish feble, as it assumed, period after period, larger dimensions, was connected with that diocese, until at last John of Fordun, a priest of the diocese of St. Andrews, PEEFACE. clxxxi undertook the task of weaving the whole into a formal history of the kingdom ; but while his nar- rative is thus distorted, Scots made to assume undue dimensions, both in antiquity and in import- ance, and a system of artificial dates applied to their history, yet as his narrative consists of frag- ments of genuine chronicles woven into a fictitious scheme of history, there can be no doubt that true events are often narrated, though accompanied by false dates. When John of Fordun narrates that the Scots were expelled in the year 360 by Hungus, son of Hurgust king of the Picts ; that this was immediately followed by the arrival of the relics of St. Andrew and the foundation of St. Andrews, and that after that the Scots returned and founded a new Scottish kingdom, he has in point of fact transplanted the true events of the century which mtervened between Alpin, the last king of Scottish Dalriada, and Kenneth Mac Alpin, the founder of the later Scottish kingdom, when a real Angus, son of Fergus, king of the Picts, conquered the Scots of Dalriada, received the relics of St. Andrew, and founded St. Andrews. That Fordun has in reality transplanted the events of this century to the earlier period is clear from this, that in the list of the Pictish kings he has Oengus, the son of Fergus, in his proper place, and seventy-nine years prior to him, Talargan filius Amfrud, who imme- diately preceded the Anglic conquest under Oswy ; while among the early kings he interpolates Hurgust clxxxii PEEFACE. filius Forgso, who received the relics of St. Andrew, and sixty-nine years prior he likewise interpolates Thalarger Amfrud, obviously the same kings. IX. Indications From the prccedins; sketch it will be seen that AND FRAGMENTS ° OF HISTORY OF thc old Chronicles and Memorials which form the EIGHTH AND , . r 1 • 11 • f 11 • NINTH CEN- subject 01 this collection lall into two groups, first, those written in, and prior to, the eleventh century, which present the traditions of the country un- tainted by the bias produced by the subsequent controversy regarding the civil and ecclesiastical independence of Scotland ; and secondly, -those which have been changed and distorted by the pressure of the exigencies of that controversy, and the oldest of which is dated in 1165. According to the view which we have taken of the import of the older chronicles, written in, and prior to, the eleventh century, the kingdom of the Picts, comprising the territories reaching the Firth of Forth to Caithness, and from the Eastern Sea to the great wind and water-sheer dividing the eastern from the western watersheds, and known by the name of Drumalban, extended from the fifth cen- tury till the middle of the ninth centuiy, when it was superseded by the later kingdom of the Scots, founded by Kenneth Mac Alpin. The smaller Scot- tish kingdom of Dalriada, restricted within the limits of the modern county of Argyle, existed parallel to the great Pictish monarchy, from the PREFACE. clxxxiii year 498 to the middle of the eighth century. Between Alpin, the last king of Scottish Dalriada, and Kenneth Mac Alpin, the first king of the later Scottish kingdom, they place an interval of a cen- tury, during which Dalriada was under Pictish rule ; and Alpin, the last king of Scottish Dalriada, was thus a difierent person from Alpin the father of Kenneth, who lived a century later. The great events of this interval, which were affected by the subsequent controversy regarding the independence of Scotland, were first the foun- dation of St. Andrew by Angus, son of Fergus, king of the Picts ; and secondly, the existence of a Pictish kingdom in Dalriada, between the older and the later Scottish kingdoms ; and the change caused in the later chronicles by the pressure of the controversy regarding the independence of the Church was, regarding the first event, its trans- ference from its true date to the fourth century, by attaching the legend connected Avith the arrival of the relics of St. Andrew into Scotland in the eighth century to the earlier legend connected with their removal from Constantinople in the fourth century, so as to give a remote antiquity to the church of St. Andrews. With regard to the other event of the Pictish rule in Dalriada, — -the change produced on the chronicles by the controversy produced regarding the independence of Scotland was twofold, and led both to its suppression and amplification. In order to preserve the continuity cLxxxiv PREFACE. of the Scottish kingdom, the two Alpins were iden- tified, and the Scottish kingdom of Dakiada was extended over the intei'vening century. But the necessity of giving a much greater antiquity to the settlement of the Scots in the country, and a priority of occupation over the Picts, led to the Scottish kings of Dalriada being removed back, so as to place them entirely before the Pictish monarchy, and to give them a settlement in Scotland lonw prior to the Christian era. In this form of the fable the truth was preserved, that a period of Pictish rule did intervene between the two Scottish king- doms, although it was extended to the whole dura- tion of the Pictish monarchy, instead of being limited to the century of Pictish occupation in Dalriada. These two forms of the Scottish fable were finally combined in the scheme of history pro- pounded by John of Fordun. Chalmers, in his " Caledonia," early perceived an inconsistency between the legendary events of the life of Alpin, the father of Kenneth, with the facts recorded in the chronicles of Alpin, the last king of Scottish Dalriada ; for the former is said to have attacked the Pictish kingdom, to have fought his battles in the east of Scotland, and to have been defeated and slain at Pitelpin, said to be a corrup- tion of Basalpin, or the death of Alpin, in the Carse of Gowrie, while aU the chronicles state that the latter " occisus est in Gallowethia postquam eam " penitus destruxit et devastavit." Chalmers refers, PEEFACE. clxxxv in corroboration of the truth of this statement, to a charter by William the Lyou to a town of A}t, which implies that a place called Laicht Alpin was in the border between Ayrshire and Galloway ; and he identifies it with an old ruin called Laicht Castle, on the bank of Loch Doon, which separates the county of Ayr from that of Kirkcudbright. The identification, however, is wrong, for the name of Laicht Alpin really belongs to the farms of Meikle and Little Laicht, on the eastern shore of Loch Eyan, which are within the county of Wigton, but adjoin that of Ayr, and on the very line of separation between the two counties is a large upright pillar- stone, to which the name of Laicht Alpin, or the monument or grave of Alpin, is actually appropriated. There can be little doubt that a fragment of true history has been preserved in the chronicle, which re- lates that he was slain by a man who lay in wait for him in a wood overhanging the entrance to the ford of a river as he was riding through it (No. xxxii.) The farm of Laicht is, in point of fact, on ground rising up to the north from the bank of a stream falling into Loch Eyan. It seems strange that Alpin, the last Scottish king of Dalriada, should have borne a peculiarly Pictish name, and that, when driven out of Dalriada, he should have seized on the province of Galloway, which had a Pictish population. We have his designation, even in the oldest lists, as the son of Echach, which was as pecu- liarly a Scottish name. It raises the presumption clxxxvi PEEFACE. that, if his father was a Scot, his mother must have been Pictish, and that he had been adopted into her tribe. The case is exactly analogous to that of Tal- lorgan Mac Aiufrid, whose father was a brother of Oswy, king of the Angles, but whose mother was Pictish, through whom he had a Pictish name, and finally succeeded to the Pictish throne. The " Irish " Annals" know of but one Alpin, i.e., the Alpin who succeeded Drust as king of the Picts in 726, and was driven out, and his territories taken from him, by Angus, son of FergTis, king of the Picts, in 728. Neither the " Irish Annals " nor the " Pictish Chro- " nicle " give the name of his father, which raises a suspicion that he was an interloper ; and it is hardly possible to suppose that there should have been an Alpin king of the Picts from 726 to 728, who was expelled, and his territories taken from him, by Angus, son of Fergus, king of the Picts, and whose existence is known to the " Irish Annals," and that there should have been some years afterwards a different person appearing as king of Scottish Dal- riada, who also bore the Pictish name of Alpin, and was expelled from Scottish territories by the same Angus, but whose separate existence was unknown to the " Irish Annals." On the assumption that they were the same person, and that there was but one Alpin, his history becomes clear and consistent. The son of the Scottish king Echach, by a Pictish princess, he became king of the Picts in 726, by the ejection of his predecessor, Drust, while his brother PKEFACE. ekxxvii Echaid became king of Dalriada by the ejection of Dungal ; and probably the succession of the two brothers to their respective thrones was produced by the same revolution. Expelled from his Pictish territories in 728, he took refuge in Dalriada, where he succeeded the same Dungal, who had again ob- tained the throne. After the death of his brother Echach, and after he was again expelled from Dal- riada by the same Angus in 741, he seized upon the Pictish territory in Galloway, where he was slain after having subdued it. The father of Kenneth who lived a century later, bore likewise the Pictish name of Alpin, from which, as the chronicles are agreed in stating Kenneth, his son, to be of Scottish race, we may infer that his mother was Pictish. The " Chronicle of Hun- " tingdon " contains an account of events in the life of this Alpin and his son Kenneth which are not to be found elsewhere, and which have been adopted by Fordun. It states that, " in the year " 834, the Scots encountered the Picts on Easter " Day, when many of the Pictish nobles fell, and " Alpinus rex Scotorum was victorious, and that " on the 1 3th day of the Kalends of August in the " same year he was defeated by the Picts and slain. " That his son Kenneth, in the seventh year of his " reign, when the Danish pirates have occupied the " shores, destroyed the Picts with a great slaughter, " passed into the remainder of their territories, " turned liis arms against them, and having slain clxxxviii PEEFACE. " many, compelled them to fly, and that thus he re- " gained the monarchy of the whole of Albania, and " first reigns in it over the Scots. That in the twelfth " year of his reign he encountered the Picts seven " times in one day, and having destroyed many, " he confirmed his kingdom, and reigned twenty- " eight years." This seems likewise a fragment of true history. If Kenneth succeeded Alpiu in 834, and reigned twenty-eight years, this would place his death in the year 862. The "Irish Annals" record his death in 858, but the " Pictish Chronicle" enables us to fix the exact year, for it states that he died in the Ides of February, on the third day of the week ; and the Ides of February fell on a Tuesday, in the year 860. This chronicle, there- fore, post-dates the commencement of his reign two years, which really began in the year 832. The seventh year of his reign thus falls in the year 839; and in this year the " Irish Annals " record the great battle by the Genntib or Danes against the Firu Fortren, or men of Fortren, in which Euganan Mac Angusa, king of the Picts, Bran his brother, Aed Mac Boanta the Pictish king of Dalriada, and many others were slain. It was this great defeat of the Picts which enabled Kenneth with his Scots to obtain possession of the rest of their territories. The " Pictish Chronicle " records the reigns of two Pictish kings after Euganan, viz., Wrad son of Bargot, three years, and Bred, one year, whose joint reigns thus amounted to four years. This brings PREFACE. clxxxix us to the end of 843,^and in his twelfth year, which falls in the year 844, he defeated the Picts seven times in one day, and confirmed his kingdom. If he reigned twenty-eight years, this leaves sixteen years of his reign, which is the length of the reign given to him in the " Pictish Chronicle," after the last king of the Picts. The later chronicles add three more kings to the Picts, Kinat son of Ferat, one month, Brude son of Fotel, two years, and Drust son of Ferat, three years, whose joint reigns amount to six years, and the last of whom was slain at Scone. This brings us to the year 850, the era from which the dates are reckoned in the later chronicles, which seem to have regarded Scone as the centre of the kingdom, and framed their lists of kings with esjaecial reference to its occupation ; and this is the year to which the tale of the slaughter of Pictish nobles by the Scots at Scone belongs. If in these events, then, some fragments of real history have been handed down to us, the question naturally arises. Where did the Scots come from who founded this later Scottish kingdom under Kenneth Mac Alpin ? It is thus answered by the later chronicles, " Hie mii-a caUiditate duxit Scotos " de Ergadia in terra Pictorum ;" but this ob- viously belongs to the artificial system by which the later kingdom of the Scots was immediately connected with the earlier Scottish kingdom of Dalriada. The older documents are silent on the subject, with the exception of St. Berchan, who cxc PEEFACE. calls Kenneth the first king of the men of Erin. It is true that the " Pictish Chronicle " states of Kenneth, " Iste vero, biennio antequam veniret " Pictaviam, DaMete regnum suscepit ;" but this chronicle places the accession of Kenneth in a year corresponding to the twelfth year of his reign according to the " Chronicle of Huntingdon," or 844, and this would place his accession to the kingdom of Dabiada in the year 842, three years after the great battle in which Euganan mac Angus, a king of the Picts, and Aed mac Boanta, king of Dalriada, were slain. The expression. in the "Pictish Chro- " nicle," " Pictavia autem a Pictis est nominata ; " quos, utdiximus, Cinadius delevit," implies that it had originally contained some account of the de- struction of the Picts which has been omitted by subsequent transcribers. The two authors to whom the documents of which transcripts are preserved in the Colbertine MS. appear to have been known are Giraldus Cambrensis and Ranulph Higden. In the treaty " De Instructione Principum" by the former, there is preserved an account of the destruction of the Picts (No. xxvii.) In this account the Scots are said to have been settled in Galloway, and to have slain the chief men of the Pictish nation by a stratagem, at a meeting to which they were invited by the Scots. The same account is given in an abridged form by Ranulph Higden, and is repeated in precisely the same terms in the chronicle (No. XXXIX.) In the two latter it immediately pre- PEEFACE. cxci cedes an account of the reign of Kenneth Mac Alpin, obviously taken from the same source with the " Pictish Chronicle." In the chronicle preserved in the " Scalachronica," the same account is placed between the last king of the Picts and the reign of Kenneth Mac Alpin. By this account a colony of Scots settled in Galloway, where they were mixed with the Picts, spread from that country into Argyle and the Isles, and in the reign of Drust, the son of Feradac, destroyed the Picts by inviting them to a general council, where they slew the king and the chief nobles. As the chronicle says of Drust, the last king, that he was slain at Scone ^^(^''^ traisoun, it is clear that this event falls under the year 850, when Kenneth Mac Alpin obtained possession of Scone ; and the " Prophecy of St. Berchan" alludes to the same event as having taken place at Scone. According to these authorities, the Scots whom Kenneth led into Pict- land were not the same colony of Scots who had founded the kingdom of Dalriada, but came out of Galloway, where they had lived mixed with the Picts, and spread from thence into Argyle and the Isles. There is, however, in the " Life of St. Cadroe," a very remarkable account of the wanderings of the Scots, which differs from aU others. They are there said to have entered Ireland, " to have obtained pos- " session of Cloyne, then Armagh, and the whole " country between Loch Earne and Loch Neagh, then " Kildare, Cork, and finally to have entered Benchor cxcii PREFACE. " in Ulster ; then, after the expiration of many years, " they pass over into lona, and proceed by the river " Rosis to occupy the region of Rossia, and finally " possess the cities of Eigmonath and Bellathor, " situated at a distance from it." The whole of the cities here mentioned were celebrated ecclesiastical establishments, and this legend seems to indicate the progress of an ecclesiastical party. The latter part of it can be identified. From Ireland they proceed to the isles, from thence they enter Rossia by the river Rosis. Rossia is of course the province of Ross; and the Rosis is the river Rasay, the old name of the Blackwater, which rises in the small lake called Loch Droma, on the ridge separating the eastern and western watershed, and flows through the long valley leading from near the head of Loch Broom till it falls into the Conan at Contin, some miles above Dingwall. From thence they proceed southwards to Rigmonath, the old name of St. Andrews, and to Bellathor, which must have been situated at or near Scone. The termination of the wanderings of this colony of Scots connect them at once with the invasion of Kenneth Mac Alpin, and the settlement of the Scots in his time at St. Andrews, his brother and successor, Donald Mac Alpin, having died, according to the " Pictish Chronicle," at Bell- athor, and according to the " Cronicon Elegiacum " at Scone. The founder of the settlement of the Scots in Galloway is said, in the " Scalachronica," to have been Redda, and he seems to have been PREFACE. cxciii the same person who is placed by Fordun among the early kings under the name of Rether, and is said to have brought a large body of men from Ireland, and to have entered Britain with them, along with the Scots of the islands, and those in- habiting the mainland of Albania. It is remarkable enough that Hector Boece gives this colony a direc- tion which exactly corresponds with the line of that invasion given in the " Life of Cadroe." He says, " that he passed over from Ireland into the " Hebrides, and there having collected forces in " Albion, he entered Loch Broom, and proceeding " to the south, arrived at DingwaU, and thence " penetrated into the south of Britain." By these legends, the Scots, led by Kenneth Mac Alpin, are made to emerge from Galloway, the very district, to which Alpin, the last king of Dal- riada, led his Scots on his expulsion by Angus king of the Picts. We know, from the "Chi'onicle of " Huntingdon," that the Danish pirates played a great part in the revolution which placed Kenneth, a man of Scottish race, on the throne of the Picts. The Norwegian or Danish pirates appeared on the west coast in the end of the eighth century, and the " Irish Annals " record their frequent incursions on the coasts of Ireland and Scotland, while, at this very time, the Gallgaeclhel, or Gallwegians, appear as a body of Celtic pirates, taking part in their ravages ; and at the same period a great effort appears to have been made by the Scottish clergy P cxoiv PEEFACE. to repossess the churches in Scotland of which they had been deprived in the early part of the preced- ing century. It would appear, therefore, that these several bodies were combined in the revolution which overthrew the Pictish kingdom, and placed Kenneth Mac Alpin, with his Scots, on the throne ; and this exactly corresponds with the indications given us of the causes which led to this revolution ; for the Picts had, according to the " Irish Annals," sustained a great defeat from the Danish pirates, and Galloway was the very region to which Alpin the last king of Scottish Dalriada had fled, and which he had subdued, while the return of the Scottish clergy, who had been expelled by Nectan, king of the Picts, and their recovery of their old benefices, formed an important element in the foundation of the new kingdom. Such considerations are offered more as specula- tions than as positive deductions from historic facts ; but in this attempt to discriminate between what are artificial alterations made in the structure of these old chronicles and hsts of kings to suit the exigencies of a controversy in which the feelings of the nation, and the supposed honour of the country, were deeply involved, and what are the fragments of real history conveyed under the form of legendary narrative, it may not, it is hoped, be considered foreign to the object of this Preface to place them, such as they are, before the reader. The Editor has gone over the ground of the early PREFACE. cxcv civil and ecclesiastical annals of Scotland, perhaps too minutely, at the risk of wearying the reader with a twice-told tale ; but his object has been to endeavour to indicate the causes which appear to have led to the gradual development of a fictitious scheme of history, and the extent to which the few and scattered facts contained in these meagre lists and annals can be used in reconstructing, at least in its leading features, the true history of that early period. WILLIAM F. SKENE. CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS. w./' ctH/. ^jgrn^^MigawX' ntuj> \)te'eCt7'}3lecmB I mia M tc hi [ tftfFBfn^ J nut's j,^ntmut> . fi tt^ flf>^t^t«d li^tpw' ^ ^lid awi^.-vjv^w ati;|adim- tua?rifitn(2n?t»t^'' 6^t>AMeiiAxttt!(iy'v '*st(»t^.fr tin ii^ffiuTtpirtcyT^rc^flia']' pitt.^T vCeOithttf *)t^ ffmwdlr V^^l*ftl5^irH;iivmo dj .vw ifg^.V^Wtcdjucda-ii'dtiti^i. v^yMi^rs^ jstiXtv&m fili^mnw 4Vii wdi . 61 " Utni .yvv. fl" '^T^- Svcim .filv"^,'i3.v. an iv^.o5^ 1p -fir eCf . vi|« ail rifl^IrifC* aa/Wi'^tilj .v;f I . an. i^C^rfi ^teA.^jij.aii.tP^.-^ljjiti 6" 111 fl0»ti5j3^ Wl'^^luun m if^ ut] t)ittttiii3 ci uatn?ftic tift/jj^ CI ics^nvto (u<2 ma "Unf alinioiJ AroKio(c& "inix + fdlT t)»n«»'flA dC^fSpnZ f^icnir mn?r ptfraufA ralnOT; i^m ftifaf'/t- rcfmuiiJ fl^affin liiut ivudftauV^f wmmfl d^ filHrtimit fr5»ttu«I^pn 'Cc\^\^f raVti »nt^<» regnu Ae^^tnws amiodjiiifta u^amlaih (ngnit^ fuifl ^r ^ taui4ttj/ttifimii^^ aW.'*/flini«r omTiifi f ^ttio it%l'^^ Viiio ni X»tij.c^fS> iM9irTr\*arwiK0B^-. miietauttr ^ icMxtem Jinimn « J »>'• c^'jjo lip Xnc nna JfltpfiS ^f^tih imitOl^lJmi/ tr'muatwr ooaCv^u^ {■dn^yjcmitt^jAui Ca^Uffid fiCci^lixxACc^ fiavot^ vffdHx^mw&ti {(omv'mwiitvtj etmuc Ano ccmtjcxcelaOitti^ vt^Tjilhii etx(umai'ii)ief- op*^ <■' In uixiTeiu rapwt^itotiiij^H iiiHfl Arni?m fWP fl' f' W"i ftifrntti frarTc ?j»i) jr ^tii" (?f Are:$r . i. tttd*^<»l&«wt«if /^ HIT vttrcn ^ttatui^ntf :njn,cr}c»it^ (K^om.fe\ntm tfemmtte B5^ ftecai^tejmnnawoemc iml Vntliuiimmitj' tf^l'vttf'dtnf^ \ IT£T8 ^tawoy TENTH GENTUR Y. I. THE PICTISH CHRONICLE, dcccclxxi.-dccccxcv. MS. COLB. BIB. IMP. PARIS, 4126. CRONICA DE OKIGINE ANTIQUORUM PICTOEUM. PICTI propria lingua nomen habent a picto corpore ; yo\. 27. eo quod, aculeis ferreis cum atramento, variarum '■*'^*''- figurarum stingmate annotantur. Scotti qui nunc corrupts vocantur Hibernienses quasi Sciti, quia a Scithia regions venerunt, et inde originem duxerunt ; siue a Scotta filia Pharaonis regis Egypti, que fuit ut fertur regina Scottorum. Sciendum vero est quod Britones in tertia mundi etate ad Britanniam venerunt. Scite autem, id est, Scotti, in quarta etate Scociam, siue Hiberniam obtinueruut. Gentes Scitie albo crine nascuntur ab assiduis nivibus ; et ipsius capOli color genti nomen dedit, et inde dicuntur Albani : de quibus originem duxerunt Scoti et Picti. Horum glauca oculis, id est, picta inest pupilla, adeo ut uocte plusquam die cernant. Albani autem vicini Amazonibus fuerunt. Gothi a Magog filio Japheth nominati putantur, de similitudine ultime sillabe ; quos veteres Greci magis Gethas, quam Gothos, vocaverunt. Gens fortis et poten tissima, corporum mole ardua, armorum genere terribilis. De quibus Lucanus, Hinc Dacus premat, inde Gethi incurrant Hiberis. Daci autem Gottorum soboles fuerunt : et dictos putant Dacos quasi Dagos, quia de Gottorum stirpe creati sunt : de quibus ille, Ibis arcos procul usque Dacos. Scithe et Gothi a Magog origiuem traxerunt. Scithia, quoque et Gothia, ab eodem Magog filio Japhet fertur cong- til I) ttrf|EitK.ift^ fA^xuA cUd 4Vnnn^^ ♦4Vw4W Wnt^ft rt»latiu vf^' att.ftdti^witT imcnu tmtc^iAt'fcmifai itatimusnatxipftt^iuuojp ^'cAjeA ^}li0 annul tm{u,^t\? itegmt}) filJ! Wiicufll uanf.ut* TENTH GENTUR Y. I. THE PICTISH CHRONICLE, dcccclxxi.-dccccxcv. MS. COLB. BIB. IMP. PARIS, 4126. CRONICA DE OKIGINE ANTIQUORUM PICTOEUM. PICTI propria lingua nomen liabent a picto corpore ; yo\. -n. eo quod, aculeis ferreis cum atramento, variarum ""*''• figurarum stiugmate annotantur. Scotti qui nunc corrupts vocantur Hibernienses quasi Sciti, quia a Scithia regions venerunt, et inde originem duxerunt ; siue a Scotta iilia Pharaonis regis Egypti, que fuit ut fertur regina Scottorum. Sciendum vero est quod Britones in tertia mundi etate ad Britanniam venerunt. Scite autem, id est, Scotti, in quarta etate Scociam, siue Hiberniam obtinuerunt. Gentes Scitie albo crine nascuntur ab assiduis nivibus ; et ipsius capilli color genti nomen dedit, et inde dicuntur Albani : de quibus originem duxerunt Scoti et Picti. Horum glauca oculis, id est, picta inest pupilla, adeo ut uocte plusquam die cernant. Albani autem vicini Amazonibus fuerunt. Gothi a Magog filio Japheth nomiuati putantur, de similitudine ultime sillabe ; quos veteres Greci magis Gethas, quam Gothos, vocaverunt. Gens fortis et poten tissima, corporum mole ardua, armorum genere terribilis. De quibus Lucanus, Hinc Dacus premat, inde Gethi incurrant Hiberis. Baci autem Gottorum soboles fuerunt : et dictos putant Dacos quasi Dagos, quia de Gottorum stirpe creati sunt : de quibus ille, Ibis arcos procul usque Dacos. Scithe et Gothi a Magog originem traxerunt. Scithia, quoque et Gothia, ab eodem Magog filio Japhet fertur cong- i THE PICTISH CHKONICLE. nominata : cujus terra olim ingens fuit ; nam ab oriente Indie, a septentrione, per paludes Meotidas, inter Danubium et oceanum, usque ad Germanie fines porrigebatur. Postea minor effecta est a dextra orientis parte qui oceanus Siri- cus conditur, usque ad mare Caspium, quod est ad occasum. De hiac a meridie usque ad Caucasi jugum deducta est ; cui subjacet Hircania ab occasu : habens pariter gentes multas, propter terrarum infecunditatem, late vagantes, ex quibus quedam agros iticolunt ; quedam portentuose ac truces, carnibus humanis, et eorum sanguine, vivunt. Scithie plures terre sunt locupletes, inhabitabiles tum plures. Namque in plerisque locis auro et gemmis afflu- ant ; griphorum immanitate accessus liomiaum rarus est. Smaragdis autem optimis hec patria est. Cianeus quoque lapis, et cristallus pui'issimus Scithie est. Habent et flumina magna, Oscorim, Fasidem, et Araxen. Prima Europe regio Scithia inferiorum, que e Meotidis paludibus incipiens inter Danubium et oceanum septentrionalem, usque ad Germaniam porrigitur : que terra generaliter propter barbaras gentes quibus inhabitata barbarica dicitur. Hujus pars prima Alania est, que ad Meotidas paludes pertingit. Post banc Dacia, ubi et Gotliia. Deinde Ger- mania, ubi plurimam partem Suevi incoluerunt. In partes Asiatice Scithie sunt gentes que posteros se Jasonis cre- dunt : albo crine nascuntur ab assiduis nivibus. De his ista sufficiunt. Oruidne filius Cinge, pater Pictorum habitantium in hac insula, c. ahnis regnavit. Vij. filios habuit. Hec sunt nomina eorum : Fib, Fidach, Floclaid, Fortrenn, Got, Ce, Circinn. Circin Ix. regnavit. Fidaich xl. Fortrenn Ixx. Floclaid xxx. Got xij. Ce XV. Fibaid xxiiij. THE PICTISH CHRONICLE. 5 Gede olgudach Ixxx. Denbecan c. Olfinecta Ix. Guidid gaed brechach 1. Gest gurcich xl. Wurgest XXX. JDrude bont, a quo xxx. Brude regnaverunt Hiberniam et Albaniam per centum 1. annorum spacium, xlviij. annis reguavit. Id est Brude pant. Brude urpant. Brude leo. Brude uleo. Brude gant. Brude urgant. Brude gnith. Brude urgnith. Brude fecir. Brude urfecir. Brude cal. Brude ureal. Brude cint. Brude urcint. Brude fet. Brude urfet. Brude ru. Brude eru. Brude gart et urgart. Brude cinid. Brude urcnid. Brude uip. Brude uruip. Brude grid. Brude urgrid. Brude mund. Brude urmund. (jrilgidi c. 1. annis regnavit. 6 THE PICTISH CHRONICLE. Tharain c. Morleo xv. Deocilunon xl. Cimoiod filius Arcois vij. Deoord 1. Bliesblituth v. Dectotr'ic frater Diu xl. Usconbuts XXX. Carvorst xl. Deo ardivois xx. Vist 1. Ru c. Gartnaith loc, a quo Garnart iiij. regnavere, ix. annis reg- navit. Breth filius Buthut vij. Vipoig namet xxx. annis regnavit. Canutulachama iiij. annis regnavit. Wradech uecla ii. annis regnavit. Gartnaich diuberr Ix. annis regnavit. Talore filius Achivir Ixxv. annis regnavit. Drust filius Erp c. annis regnavit et c. bella peregit ; ix decimo anno regni ejus Patricius episcopus sanctus ad Hibernian! pervenit insulam. Talore filius Aniel iiij. annis regnavit. Necton morbet filius Erip xxiiij. regnavit. Tertio anno regni ejus Darlugdach abbatissa Cilledara de Hibernia exu- lat pro Christo ad Britanniam. Secundo anno adventus sui inimolavit Nectonius Aburnethige Deo et Sancte Brigide presente Dairlugdach que cantavit alleluia super istam hostiam. Optulit igitur Nectonius niagnus filius Wirp, rex omnium provinciarum Pictorum, Apurnethige Sanote Brigide, usque ad diem judicii, cum suis finibus, que posite sunt a lapide in Apurfeirt usque ad lapidem juxta Ceirfuill, id est, Lethfoss, et inde in altum usque ad Athan. Causa autem oblationis hec est. Nectonius in vita julie manens fratre suo Drusto expulsante se usque ad Hiberniam Brigidam sanctam petivit THE PICTISH CHRONICLE. 7 ut postulasset Deum pro se. Orans autem pro illo dixit : Si pervenies ad patriam tuam Dominus niiserebitur tui : reg- num Pictorum in pace possidebis. J_)rest Gurthinmoch xxx. annis regnavit Galanan erilich xij. annis regnavit. Da Drest, id est, Brest filius Gyrom, id est, Brest filius Wdrost V. annis conregnaverunt. Drest filius Girom solus V. annis regnavit, Garthnach filius Gii'oni vij. annis regnavit. Cailtram filius Girom uno anno regnavit. Talorg filius Muircholaich xi. annis regnavit. Brest filius Munait uno anno regnavit. Galam cennaleph uno anno regnavit. Cum Briduo i. anno. Bridei filius Mailcon xxx. annis regnavit. In octavo anno regni ejus baptizatus est sancto a Columba. Gartnart filius Bomelch xi. annis regnavit. Nectu nepos Uerd xx. annis regnavit, Cinioch filius Lutrin xix. annis regnavit. Garnard filius Wid iiij. annis regnavit. Breidei filius Wid v. annis regnavit. Talore frater eorum xii. annis regnavit. Tallorcen filius Enfret iiij. annis regnavit. Gartnait filius Donnel vj. annis regnavit et dimidium. Drest frater ejus vij. annis regnavit, Bredei filius Bill xxi. annis regnavit. Taran filius Entifidich iiij. annis regnavit. Bredei filius Derelei xi. annis regnavit. Necthon filius Derelei xv. annis regnavit. Drest et Elpin congregaverunt v. annis. Onnist filius Urguist xxx. regnavit. Bredei filius Wirguist ij. annis regnavit. Ciniod filius Wredech xij. annis regnavit. Elpin filius Wroid iij. annis regnavit et dimidium. Drest filius Talorgen iiij. vel v. annis regnavit, Talorgen filius Onnist ij. annis et dimidium regnavit. Canaul filius Tarl'a v. annis regnavit. 8 THE PICTISH CHRONICLE. Castaiitin filius Wrguist xxxv. aiinis regnavit. Unuist filius Wrguist xij. annis regnavit. Drest filius Constantini, et Talorgen filius Wthoil iij annis conreguaverunt. Uven filius Vnuist iij. annis regnavit. Wrad filius Bargoit iii. et, Bred uno anno regnaverunt. ivinadius igitur filius Alpini, primus Scottorum, rexit feliciter istam annis xvi. Pictaviam. Pictavia autem a Pictis est nominata ; quos, ut diximus, Cinadius delevit. Deus enim eos pro nierito sue malitie alienos ac otiosos hereditate dignatus est facere : quia illi non solum Domini missam ac preceptum spreverunt ; sed et in jure equitatis aliis equi parari noluerunt. Iste vero, biennio antequam veniret Pictaviam, Dalriete regnum suscepit. Septimo anno regni sui, reliquias Sancti Columbe transportavit ad ecclesiam quam construxit, et invasit sexies Saxoniam ; et concremavit Dunbarre atque Marios usurpata. Britanni autem concremaverunt Dubblain, atque Danari vastaverunt Pictaviam, ad Cluanan et Duncalden. Mortuus est tandem tumore ani, idus Februarii feria tertia in palacio Fothuirta- baicht. Dunevaldus, frater ejus, tenuit idem regnum iiii. annis. In hujus tempore, jura ac leges regni Edi filii Ecdach fece- runt Goedeli cum rege suo in Fothiurthabaicth. Obiit in palacio Cinn Belachoir idus Aprilis. Oonstantinus filius Cinadi regnavit annis xvi.Pi-imo ejus anno Maelsechnaill rex Hibernensium obiit ; et Aed filius Niel tenuit regnum ; ac post duos annos vastavit Amlaib, cum gentibus suis, Pictaviam, et habitauit earn, a kalendis Januarii usque ad festum Sancti PatriciL Tertio iterum anno Amlaib, trahens centum, a Constantino occisus est. Pavdo post ab eo bello in xiiij. ejus facto in Dolair inter Danarios et Scottos, occisi sunt Scoti co Achcochlam. Nor- manni annum integrum degerunt in Pictavia. THE PICTISH CHRONICLE. 9 Jiidus tenuit idem i. anno. Ejus etiam brevitas nil his- torie memorabile commendavit ; sed in civitate Nrurim est occisus. iliochodius autem filius Run regis Britannorum, nepos Cinadei ex filia, regnavit annis xi. Licet Ciricium filium alii dicunt hie regnasse ; eo quod alumpnus ordinatorque Eoch- odio fiebat. Cujus secundo anno Aed filius Neil moritur ; ac in ix. ejus anno, in ipso die Cirici, ecUpsis solis facta est. Eochodius, cum alumpno suo, expulsus est nunc de regno. JLfonivaldus filius Constantini tenuit regnum xi. annos. Normanni tunc vastaverunt Pictaviam. In hujus regno hel- ium est factum InnisibsoUan, inter Danarios et Scottos : Scotti habuerunt victoriam. Opidum Pother occisum est a gentibus. Oonstantinus filius Edii tenuit regnum xl. annos. Cujus tertio anno Normanni predaverunt Duncalden, omnemque Albaniam. In sequenti utique anno occisi sunt in Sraith- h'erni Normanni, ac in vi. anno Constantinus rex, et Cel- lachus episcopus, leges discipHnasque fidei, atque jura ecclesianun ewangeliorumque, pariter cum Scottis in colle credulitatis, prope regali civitati Scoan devoverunt cus- todiri. Ab hoc die collis hoc meruit nomen, id est, collis credulitatis. Et in suo octavo anno cecidit excelsissimus rex Hibernensium et archiepiscopus, apud Laignechos, id est, Cormace filius Culemian. Et mortui sunt in tempore hujus, Doneualdus rex Britannorum, et Duuenaldus filius Ede rex eligitur; et Flann filius Maelsethnaill, et Niall filius Ede, qui regnavit tribus annis post Flann, etc. Bellum Tinemore factum est in xviii. anno inter Constantinum et Regnall, et Scotti habuerunt victoriam. Et bellum Duin- brunde in xxxiiij. ejus anno ubi cecidit filius Constantini. Et post imum annum mortuus est Dubucan filius Indrech- taig, mormair Oengusa. Adalstan filius Advar rig Saxan, et Eochaid filius Alpini, mortui sunt. Et in senectute decrepi- tus baculum cepit, et Domino servivit : et regnum mandavit Mael filio Domnail. 10 THE PICTISH CHRONICLE. JMaelcolaim fiKus Domnaill xi. annis regnavit. Cum exer- citu suo Maelcolaim perrexit in Moreb, et occidit Cellach. In vii? anno regni sui predavit Anglicos ad amnem Thesis, et multitudinem rapuit hominum, et multa armenta peco- nim : quam predam vocaverunt Scotti predara Albidosorum idem Nainndisi. Alii autem dicunt Constantinum fecisse banc predam querens a rege, id est, Maelcolaim, regnum dari sibi ad tempus hebdomadis, ut visitaret Anglicos. Verum tamen non Maelcolam fecit predam, sed instigavit eum Constantinus, ut dixi. Mortuus est autem Constantinus in X. ejus anno sub corona penitenti in senectute bona. Et occiderunt viri na Moerne Malcolaim in Fodresach id est in Claideom. Indulfus temiit regnum viii. annis. In hujus tempore oppidum Eden vacuatum est, ac relictum est Scottis usque in hodiemum diem. Classi Somarlidiorum occisi sunt in Buchain. Niger filius Maelcolaim regnavit v. annis. Fothach epis- copus pausA\it. [Bellum] inter Nigerum [et] Caniculum super Dorsum Crup, in quo Niger liabuit victoriam : ubi cecidit Ducliad abbas Duncalden et Dubdon satrapas Atboclilack Expulsus [est] Niger de regno, et tenuit Cani- culus brevi tempore. Domnal filius Cairill mortuus est. Culenring v. annis regnavit. Marcan filius Breodalaig occisus est in ecclesia Sancti Micbaelis. Leot et Sluagadach exierunt ad Eomam. Maelbrigde episcopus pausavit. Cel- lach filius Ferdalaig regnavit. Maelbrigde filius Dubican obiit. Culen et frater ejus Eochodius occisi sunt a Britoni- bus. Cinadius filius Maelcolaim regnavit annis. Statim predavit Britanniam ex parte. Pedestres Cinadi occisi sunt maxima cede in Moin Vacornar. Scotti predaverunt Saxo- niam ad Stanmoir, et ad Cluiam, et ad Stangna Dera'm. Cinadius autem vallavit ripas vadorum Forthin. Post annum perrexit Cinadius, et predavit Saxoniam, et traduxit filium regis Saxonum. Hie est qui tribuit magnam civi- tatem Brechne Domino. THE " HTSTORIA BBITONUM." 11 II. SAXON AND WELSH ADDITIONS TO THE " HISTORIA BRITONUM," dcccclxxvii. MS, BRIT. MUS. HAKL. 3859. [_vxJuoDEN genuit Beldeg, genuit Beornec, genuit Gech- brond, genuit Aluson, genuit Inguec, genuit Aedibrith, genuit Ossa, genuit Eobba, genuit Ida. Ida autem duode- cem filios habuit, quorum nomina sunt Adda, Aeadldric, Decdric, Edric, Deothere, Osmer, et unam reginam, Bear- nocli, Ealric. Ealdric genuit Aelfret, ipse est Aedlferd Fle- saur : nam et ipse habuit filios septem quorum nomina sunt Anfrid, Osguald, Osbiu, Osguid, Osgudu, Oslapf, Offa. Osguid genuit Alcfrid et Aelfguin et Echfird. Echgfrid ipse est qui fecit bellum contra fratruelem suum qui erat rex Pictorum nomine Birdei et ibi corruit cum omni rubore exercitus sui, et Picti cum rege suo victores extiterunt : et nunquam addiderunt Saxones iVmbronum ut a Pictis vec- tigal exigerent. A tempore istius belli vocatur Gueith Lingaran. Osguid autem habuit duas uxores quarum una vocabatur Eiemmelth filia Eoyth filii Run, et altera voca- batur Eanfled filia Eadgiiin filii Alii. B. L vJ"J uoden genuit Beldeyg Brond, genuit Siggar, genuit Sebald, genuit Zegulf, genuit Soemil. Ipse primus separavit Deur Birneich. Soemil genuit Sguerthing, genuit Giulglis, genuit Usfrean, genuit Iffi, genuit Ulli [genuit] Aedguin. Osfird et Eadfird duo filii Edguini erant et cum ipso cor- 12 SAXON AND WELSH ADDITIONS TO ruerunt in bello Meicen, et de origine illius nunquam ite- ratum est regnum quia non evasit unus de genera illius de isto bello sed interfecti omnes sunt cum illo ab exer- citu CatguoUauni regis Guendote regionis. Osguid genuit Ecgfird, ipse est Etgfird. Ailguin genuit Oslach, genuit Alhun, genuit Adlsing, genuit Echun, genuit Oslaph. Ida genuit Eadric, genuit Ecgulf, genuit Liodgiiald, genuit Aetan, ipse est Eata Glinmaur ; genuit Eadbyrth et Eegbirth episcopum qui fuit primus de iiatione eorum. [I]da filius Eobba tenuit regiones in sinistrali parte Bri- taunie, id est, Umbri maris, et regnavit annis duodecim et junxit Dinguayrdi Guurtli Berneicli. [T]unc Dutigirn in illo tempore fortiter dimicabat contra gentem Anglorum. Tunc Talhaern Tatagueu in poemate claruit, et Neirm et Taliessin et Bluclibard et Ciau qui vocatur Gueinthguaut simul uno tempore in poemate Bri- tannico claruerunt. [MJailcunus magnus rex apud Brittones regnabat, id est, in regione Guenedote, quia attavus illius, id est, Cunedag, cum finis suis quorum numerus octo erat venerat prius de parte sinistrali, id est, de regione que vocatur Manau Guotodin, centum quadraginta sex armis antequam Mail- cun regnaret; et Scottos cum ingentissLma clade expul- erunt ab istis regionibus, et nusquam reversi sunt iterum ad habitandum. [A]dda filius Ida regnavit annis octo. Aedlric filius Adda regnavit quatuor annis. Deoric filius Ida regnavit septem annis. Friodolguald regnavit sex annis. In cujus tempore regnum Cantiorum, mittente Gregorio, baptismum suscepit. Hussa regnavit annis septem. Contra illos quatuor reges Urbgen et Riderch hen et Guallauc et Morcant dimicaverunt. Deodric. Contra ilium Urbgen cum filiis dimicabant fortiter. In iUo autem tempore aliquando hostes, nunc cives vincebantur et ipse conclusit eos tribus diebus et tribus THE "HISTORIA BRITONUM." 13 noctibus iu insula Metcaud ; et dum erat in expeditione jugulatus est Morcanto destinante pro invidia, quia in ipso pre omnibus regibus virtus maxima erat instaura- tione belli. Eadfered Flesaurs regnavit duodecem annis in Berneich, et alios duodecem in Deur : viginti quatuor annis inter duo regna regnavit, et dedit uxori sue Dinguoaroy que vocatur Bebbab, et de nomine sue uxoris suscepit nomen, id est, Bebbanburch. Eoguin filius Alii regnavit annis decem et septem ; et ipse occupavit Elmet et expulit Gertie regem illius regionis. Eanfled filia illius, duodecimo die post Pentecosten bap- tismum accepit cum universis hominibus suis de viris et mulieribus cum ea. Eadguin vero in sequenti Pasca baptismum suscepit, et duodecem millia hominum bap- tizati sunt cum eo. Si quis scire voluerit quis eos bap- tizavit, [R]um map Urbgen baptizavit eos, et per quadraginta dies non cessavit baptizare omne genus Ambronum, et per predicationem illius multi crediderunt in Christo. Osuuald filius Eadfred regnavit novem annis. Ipse est Osuuald Lamnguin. Ipse occidit Catgublaun regem Guenedote regionis in bello Catscaul cum magna clade exercitus sui. Osguid filius Eadlfrid regnavit viginti octo annis et sex mensibus. Dum ipse regnabat venit mortalitas hominum, Calgual- art regnante apud Britones post patrem suum, et in ea periit. Et ipse occidit Pantha in Campo Gai, et nunc facta est strages Gai Campi, et reges Britonum interfecti sunt qui exierant cum rege Pantha in expeditione usque ad urbem que vocatur ludeu. [T]unc reddidit Osguid omnes divitias que erant cum eo in urbe, usque in Manau. Pende et Penda distribuit ea regibus Britonum, id est, Atbret ludeu. Solus autem Catgabail rex Guenedote regionis cum exercitu suo evasit de nocte consurgens ; qua propter vocatus est Catgabail Catguommed. U SAXON AND WELSH ADDITIONS TO Ecgfrid filius Osbiu regnavit novem annis. In tempore illius Sanctus Cudbertus episcopus obiit in insula Medcaut. Ipse est qui fecit bellum contra Pictos et corruit ibi. [PJenda filius Pybba regnavit decern annis. Ipse primus "separavit regnuni Merciorum a regno Nor- dorum, et Onnan regem Easter Anglorum et sanctum Osuualdum regem Nordorum occidit per dolum. Ipse fecit bellimi Cocboy, in quo cecidit Eoua filius Pippa frater ejus rex Mercionum et Osuuald rex Nordorum, et ipse victor fuit per diabolicam artem. Non erat baptizatus gt nunquam Deo credidit. A.D. ^ 444 Annus i. 516 Annus Ixxii. BeUum Badonis in quo Arthur portavit crucem Domini nostri Jesu Christi tribus diebus et tribus noctibus in humeros suos et Britones victores fuerunt. 521 Annus Ixxvii. Sanctus Columcille nascitur. Quies Sancte Brigide. 537 Annus xciii. Gueith Camlann in qua Arthur et Medraut corruere ; et mortalitas in Brittania et in Hibernia fuit. 55 S Annus cxiv. Gabran fiUus Duugart moritur. 562 Annus cxviii. CokmicUle in Britannia exiit. 5^0 Amius cxxvi. Gildas obiit. 573 Annus cxxix. BeUus xVrraterid. 580 Annus cxxxvi. Guurei et Peretur moritur. 584 Annus cxl. Bellum contra Euboniam. 589 Annus cxlv. Conversio Constantini ad Domiuum. 596 Annus cli. Columcille moritur. 607 Annus clxiii. Aidan map Gabran moritur. 612 Annus clxviii. Conthigirni obitus. 613 Annus clxix. Gueith Cair Legion, et ibi cecidit Selim filii Cinan, et Jacob filius Beli dormivit. 616 Annus clxxiv. Ceretic obiit. 626 Annus clxxxii. Etguin baptizatus est, et Eun filius LTrb- gen baptizavit eum. 630 Annus clxxxvl Gueith Meicen, et ibi interfectus est Et- guin cum duobus filiis suis. Catguollaun autem victor fuit. THE " HISTOKIA BRITONUM." 15 A.D. 631 Ui 656 657 665 684 704 722 728 736 750 76D 776 856 870 946 Annus clxxxvii. Bellum Cantscaul in quo CatguoUaan coiTuit. Annus cc. Bellum Cocboy in quo Osuuald vex Nor- dorum et Eoba rex Merciorum corruerant. Annus ccxii. Strages Gaii Campi. Annus ccxiii. Pantha occisio. Annus ccxxi. Bellum Badonis secundo. Morcant moritur. Annus ccxl. Terre motus in Eubonia factus est magnus. Annus cclx. Dormitacio Adomnan. Annus celxxviii. Beli Alius Elfin moritur. Annus cclxxxiv. Bellum montis Carno. " Annus ccxcii. Ougen rex Pictorum obiit. Annus cccvi. Belluin inter Pictos et Brittones, id est gueith Mocetauc, et rex eorum Talargan a Brittonibus occiditur. Teudubr filius Beli moritur. Annus cccxvi. Dunnagual filius Teudubr moritur. Annus cecxxxii. Cemoyd rex Pictorum obiit. Annus ccccxii. Cemoyth re.x Pictorum moritur. Annus ccccxxvL Arx Altclut a gentibus fracta est. Annus dii. Strat Glut vastata est a Saxonibus. L-tCJ un map Arthgal map Dunnagual map Ridercli map Eugein map Dunnagual map Teudebur map Beli map Elfin map Eugein map Beli map Neithon map Guipno map Dungual hen map Ginuit map Geretic guletic map Gynloyp map Cinhil D. map Cluim map Gursalen map Fer map Confer ip- se est uero olitauc. dimor. me ton. uendi tus est. LxtJiderch hen map Tutagual map Glinoch map Dumgual hen. lOjlinog Eitin 16 SAXON AND WELSH ADDITIONS, ETC. map Cinbelim map Dungual hen, L U J rbgen map Cinmarc map Merchianun map Gurgust map Coil hen LixJ uallaiic map Laenauc map Masguic clop map Ceneu map Coyl hen. [M]orcant map Coledauc map Morcant. hulc map Cincar brant map Bran hen map Dungual moilmuit map Garbaniaun map Coyl hen map Guotepauc map Tecmant map Teuhant map Telpuil map Urban map Grat map Jumetel map Eetigini map Oudecant map Outigir map Ebiud map Eudos map Eudelen map Aballac map Beli TEirARTITE LIFE OF ST. PATRICK. 17 III. FROM THE TRIPARTITE LIFE OF ST. PATRICK, X. CENT. a MS. BODL. KAWLINSON. B. 5 12. ') MS. BRTT. MU.S. EGERTON. 1)3. x) OEANic Patrice failti isin tir la da mac deacc Eirco j ro radi Fergus mor mac Eircc fri Patrice. Dianam airmi- tesi mo brathir oc raind a feraind atlioperainsi duit.siu j ro edpart Patrice do epscoj) Olcaii in raindsin .i. Airther maigi Aspert Patrice fri Fergus. Ciiiip mor do brig lat braithri indiu, is tu bes ri. Bid liuait rig eu brath isin- tirsi 7 for Fortriiin j ised ou ro comallad in Aedan mac Gabran ro gab Alban ar eicin. Foracaib Patrice mor do cellaib 7 do congbalaib i crich Dalriata. TRANSLATION. Patrick received welcome in that territory [i.e., Dalriada] from the twelve sons of Ere ; and Fergus mor, son of Ere, said to Patrick : If thy venerableuess would sway my brother in dividhig his land, I would give it to thee. And Patrick granted this divi- sion to Bishop Olcau of Airthermuighe. Patrick said to Fergus : Though not great is thy land at this day among thy brothers, it is thou who shalt be king. From thee the kings of this territory shall for ever descend, and in Fortreun. And this was fulfilled in Aedan, son of Gabran, who took Alban by force. Patrick left many of his churches and erections in the territory of Dalriada, ELEVENTH CENTURY. IV. SYNCHRONISMS OF FLANN MAINISTREACH, MXIV.-MXXII. n MS. BIB. FAC. JUR. EDIN. KILBRIDE. 28. b MS. R. I. A. DUEL. BOOK OF LECAIN. C MS. BODL. RAWLiySON. B. 512. III. bUadhna ar xl. o thanic Patraic in Erinn co cath Ocha. Fichi bUadhna o cath Oclia condechatar clanna Eircc mic Echach Muindremair in Albain .i. se meic Eire .i. da Aengus, da Loom, da Fergus. XXIIII.^ bliadhna o chath Ocha co bas Diarmata mic Fergusa Cirrbheoil. Coic righ for Albain friu sin .i. Fergus mor mac Eircc. Oengus mor mac Eircc. Domangort mac Fergusa. ' ComgoU mac Domangoirt. TRANSLATION. Forty-three years from the coming of Saint Patrick to Erin to the battle of Ocha. Twenty years from the battle of Ocha till the children of Ere, son of Echach Muindremhar, passed over into Alban ; \dz., the six sons of Ere, the two Anguses, the two Lorns, and the two Ferguses. Twenty-four [eighty-four] years from the battle of Ocha to the death of Diarmed, son of Fergus Cerbheol (478-565). Five kings over Alban during this time ; viz., Fergus mor, son of Ere. Angus mor, son of Ere. Domangart, son of Fergus. Comgall, son of Domangart. ' XXIIII. seems written by mistake for Lxxxiiii. SYNCHRONISMS OF FLANN MAINISTREACH. 19 Gabran mac Domanguirt,* VI. bliadhna ar xxx. o has Diarmata mic CerbaiU co has Aedlia mic Aenmirech. Da righ don for Albain fri sin .i. Conall mac Comgaill y. Aedan mac Gabraiii. v. bliadhna do Aedan tareisi Aedha mac Aiumirecli. Tri bliadhna Ix. o bas Aeda mic Ainmirech co bas Domnaill mic Aeda. Ceithri rigli for Albain fri sin .i. Eocho buide (mac Aedain) 7. Gonad Cerr a mac, is lais adrochair (Fiacha) mac Uemain q. Ferchair mac Conaing 7. Domnall brec mac Ethach buidlie. Coic bliadhna ar ced o bas Domnall mic Aedha mic Ainmirech co bas Aeda Allain mic Fergaile. IX. righ don for Albain fri sin .i. Gabran, son of Domangart. Thirty-six years from the death of Diarmed, son of Cerbail, to the death of Aed, son of Aenmirech (565-598). Two kings over Alban during this time ; viz., Conall, son of CJomgall. Aedan, son of Gabran. Five years to Aedan after Aed, son of Ainmirech. Sixty-three years from the death of Aed, son of Ainmirech, to the death of Donald, son of Aed (598-642). Four kings over Alban during that time ; viz., Eocho buidhe, son of Aedan. Gonad Cerr, his son ; it was by him that Fiacha, son of Deman, was slain. Ferchar, son of Conaing. Donald Brec, son of Ethach Buidhe. One hundred and five years from the death of Donald, son of Aed, son of Ainmirech, to the death of Aeda Allan, son of Fergal (642-743). Nine kings over Alban during this time ; viz., ' The preceding part of this of the text is from a, and the names tract is not legible in o, and i.s in- I within parenthesis are added from inserted from h. The remainder I 6 and c. 20 synchronis:ms of flann mainisteeach. Conall Crandomna 7. Duncliad mac Diibain y. Dondcad^ Doiiii 7. Duncad^ 7. Ferchair Foda "j. Eocho Riaoamhail (mac Aeda Find) 7. Ainbhceallach mac Ferchair 7. Selbach mac Ferchair 7. Eochaig Angbaid a meadon flaith. Da bliadlma ar xxx. ar ced o bas Aeda AUain co has Aeda Finuleith. III.* righ deg don for Albain fri sin .i. Dungal mac Selbaig 7. Ailpin (mac Echach) 7. Muredac ua Daiti 7. Aed Aireatec^ 7. Fergus" 7. Conall Crandomna. Duncan, son of Dubain. Duncan Don. Duncan. Fercbar Fada. Eocbo Rineambail, son of Aeda Fin. * AinceUaob, son of Fercbar. Selvach, son of Fercbar. Eoobaig Angbbaid to the middle of his cbiefship. One hundred and thirty -two years from the deatli of Aeda Allan to the death of Aeda Finnleith (743-879). Thirteen kings over Alban during that time ; viz., Dungal, son of Selvacb. Alpin, son of Echach. Muredach, grandson of Daithi. Aed Aireatech. Fergus. ' h and c read Cianngammx. ^ h ami c read Doiitnall more correctly. ^ b and r read Maildutn mac Co- nall, which seems the right reading. * instead of III. rii/It deq, h and (• have XIIII. righ. ■'' 6 and c have Airgncch. " Not in b and c. SYNCHRONISMS OF FLANN MAINISTREACH. 21 Eochoid 7. Domnall (mac Custantin) /j. Custantin' (mac Fergusa) y. Da Couall reime (.i. Gonall Caeim 7 Conall aile a bra- thair) 7. Aengus (mac Fergusa) j. Aed (mac Boanta) 7. Eoganan (mac Aengusa) 7. Cinaetmac^ Ailpin, ise cet righ ro gab righe Sgoinde, do Gaidelaib. VIII. m-bliadlma ar xxx. ar ced bas Aeda Finnleith CO bas Briain mic Cennedig. Ceithri ri dec^ for Albain fri sin .i. Domnall mac Ailpin. Custantin mac Cinaeta. (Aedh mac Cinaedha.) Girg mac Dungaile 7. Domnall Dasachtach (mac Custantin). Eochoid. Donald, son of Constantine. Constantine, son of Fergus. Two Conalls together, Conall Caemli and another Conall, his brother. Angus, son of Fergus. Aed, son of Boanta. Eoganan, son of Angus. Kenneth, son of Alpin ; he was the first king, who possessed the kingdom of Scone, of the Gael. One hundred and thirty-eight years from the death of Aeda Finnleith to the death of Brian, son of Cenedig (879-1014). Fourteen kings over Alban during that time ; viz., Donald, son of Alpin. Constantine, son of Kenneth. Aedh, son of Kenneth. Grig, son of Dungal. Donald Dasachtach, son of Constantine. ' 6 and c place Cusantin after the two Conalls, which is preferable. ^ Cinaet mac not in b and c. ^ b and c read I', rid dfc fifteen kings. 22 SYNCHRONISMS OF FLANN MAINISTREACH. Custautiii mac Aeda 7. Maelcolaiui mac Domnall '7. Illolb mac Custantin 7. Dub mac Maelculaim 7. Guillen mac Illiulb 7. Cinaet mac Maelcolaim 7. Custautin mac Cuileii 7. Cinaet mac Duib 7. Maelcolaim mac Cinaeta. Finis. Constantine, son of Aeda. Malcolm, son of Donald. Illolb, sou of Constantine. Dubh, son of Malcolm. Cullen, son of Illolb. Kenneth, sou of Malcolm. Constantine, son of Cullen. Kenneth, son of Dubh. Malcolm, son of Kenneth. Finis. V. IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS TO, THE "HISTOEIA BEITONUM," mxl.-mlxxii. a MS. R. I. A. DUEL. BOOK OF BALLIMOTE. 6 MS. R. I. A. DUBI.. BOOK OF I.EOAIN. J- ANGADAR iarsin damh achtor gona loingis go ro aitreib in Erenn 7 go ro gaib raind mora indte. Firbolg umorro ro gabsad Manaind 7 ro gabhsat alaile indsi orcheana .i. Ara 7 Ha 7 Recca. Clanda Gleoin mic Hercoil ro gabsat indsi Orcc ..i. Histoirend mac Histoirim mic Agom mic Agathirsi ro scailsead doridhisi a h-indsib Ore .i. do coidh Cruitbne mac Cinge mic Luctai mic Parthai mic Hi.stoirech co ro gaib tuaiscert indsi Breatan 7 go ro roindsed a secht meic in fearand i seacht randaibh 7 co ro gaib Onbecan mac Gait mic Cruithne airdrige na seacht rand.' A. TRANSLATION. Afterwards caine a company of eight, with a fleet, and dwelt in Erin, and took possession of a great portion of it. The Firbolg, moreover, took possession of Manand and certain islands in like manner, Ara and Ila and Eecca. The children of Gleoin, son of Ercol, took possession of the islands of Orcc, that is, Historend, son of Historrim, son of Agam, son of Agathirsi, and were dispersed again from the islands of Orcc ; that is, Cnithne, son of Cinge, son of Luctai, son of Parthai, son of Historech, went and took possession of the north of the island of Britain, and his seven sons divided the land into seven divisions ; and Onbecan, son of Caith, son of Cruthne, took the sovereignty of the seven divisions. ' This seems to be tlie original form* of the passage in the Latin Nennius, which is manifestly cor- rupt ; " Novissime venit Damh- " octoret ibi habitavit cum genere ' suo usque hodie in Britanniam. • Istorith Istorini filius tenuit Dal- ' rieta cum suis. Builc autem cum suis tenuit Euboniam insu- ' lam et abas circiter." 24 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Fiiiach ba flaith Erenn is in re siu ro gabh giallu Cruitli- ueach. Do codar umori'o coigear do Cruithneachaibh a h-indsibli Ore .i. cuig bratbar athar Cruithuec co Fraug co go ro cundaigbsead catbraigb and .i. Pictauis a b-ainm co tangadar doridbigi docum na h-indsi .i. go b-Erenn go ro badar re ciana ann co ros dicoirsead Gaedhil dar mxiir docum a m-brathar. B. a MS. P.. I. A. UUB. BOOK OF BALLIMOTE. h MS. R. I. A. DUB. BOOK OF LECAIN. C MS. TRI.V. COLT.. PUli. H. 2 17. PART OF BOOK OF LF.CAIX. DE BUNADH CRUITHNEACH ANDSEO. Oruithne mac Cinge mic Luchtai mic Parrtbalan mic Agnoinn mic Biiain mic Mais mic Fathecbt mic Jafeth mic Noe. Ise atbaii- Cruitbneach j cet bUadbna do irrigbe. Secht meic Cruithneacli annso .i. Fib, Fidacb, Fodla, Finach was lord of Erin at that time, and took hostages of the Cruthneach. Five of the Cruthneach of the islands of Ore, moreover, viz., five brothers of the father of the Cruthneach, went to France and founded a city there, viz., Pictavis its name, and came again to the island, that is, to Erin, where they were for a long time, till the Gael drove them across the sea to tlieir brethren. B. TRANSLATION. Of the Origin of the Cruthneach here : Cruithne, son of Cinge, son of Luctai, son of Partalan, son of Agnoin, son of Buain, son of Mais, son of Fatliecht, son of Jafeth, son of Noe. He was the father of the Cruthneach, and reigned a hundred years. These are the seven sons of Cruithne, viz., Fib, Fidach, Fodla, TO THE "HISTORIA BEITONUM." 25 Fortrend cathach, Cait, Ce, Cirigh. Et seclit raudaibh ro roindset in fearand, ut dixit Columcille.' Moirsheiser do Cruitline clainn, Eaindset Albain i seclit raind, Cait, Ce, Cirig, cethach clanii. Fib, Fidach, Fotla, Fortrenn. Ociis is e ainm gach fir dib fil for a fearand, ut est. Fib J Ce J Cait j reliqua. XIII. ri dec do gabsad dib.^ Fib xxiiii. bliadhna irrige. • Fidhach xl. bliadhna. Fortrenn Ixx. Cait da bliadhan ar xx. Ce xiL bliadhan. Cirig Ixxx. bliadhan. Aenbecan mac Cait xxx. bliadhan. Finechta Ix. bliadhan. Guidid gadbre .i. geis i. bliadhan. Fortrend, warlike, Cait, Ce, Cirig ; and they divided the land into seven divisions, as Columcille says : — Seven children of Cruthne Divided Alb&n into seven divisions. Cait, Ce, Cirig, a warlike clan. Fib, Fidach, Fotla, Fortrenn. And the name of each man is given to their territories, as, Fib, Ce, Cait, and the rest. Thirteen kings of them took possession. Fib reigned twenty-four years. Fidhach, forty years. Fortrenn, seventy. Cait, twenty-two years. Ce, twelve years. Cirig, eight years. Aenbecan, son of Cait, thirty years. Finechta, sixty years. Guidid gadbre, that is, geis, one year. ' b has, amail adbert in t-eolach, as the learned man saitl. -' This line in h only. 26 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Gest giu-id xl. Urges XXX. bliadhan. Brude pont xxx. rig uad' y Bruide adberthea fri gach fir dib 7 randa na fear aile ; ro gabsadar .1. ar. c. ut est illeabraibh ua Cruithneach. Brude pout. Brude urpont. Brude leo. Brude uleo. Brude gant. Brude urgaut. Brude guith. Brude urgnith. Brude feth. Brude urfeichir. Brude cal. Bmde ureal. Brude cint. Brude urcint. Brude feth. Brude urfeth. Brude ru. Brude ero. Brude gart. Brude urgart. Brude cuid. Brude urcind. Brude uip. Brude uruip. Gest gurid, forty. Urges, thirty year.s. Brude pout, thirty kings of them, and Bruide was the name of each man of them, and of the divisions of the other men. They possessed an hundred and fifty years, as it is in the books of the Cruithneach. Brude pont, etc. ' a. and r. read ri tilad kings of Ulster. TO THE "HISTOKIA BRITONUM." 27 Brude grith. Brude urgrith. Brude muin. Brude urmuin. C. MS. BODL. LAUD. 610. Bruide urinuin. Regnaverunt cl. anuis ut diximus 7 ro hoe Alio eetrig fria re huile co h-aimsir Gud cet ri ro gab Alhain h-uile tri clwmairli no ar eicin. Atberat araile comad he Cathhian mac Catmind no gabad rige ar eicin hi Gruthentvaith 7 in Eirind .i. Ix. bliadain '■j iar sin ro gab Chid .i. l.^ Tarain c. anuis regnavit. Morleo xv. annis regnavit. Deocillimon xl. annis regnavit. Cinioiod mac Artcois vii. annis regnavit. Deort 1. annis regnavit. Blieb'litli. v. annis regnavit. Deototreic frater Tui xl. annis regnavit. Usconbuts XX. annis regnavit. Crantreic xl. annis regnavit. Deordiuois xx. annis regnavit. Uist .1. annis regnavit. Rn. c. annis regnavit. Gartnait bole. iiii. annis regnavit. Gartnait ini ix. annis regnavit. Breth mac Butliud iiii. annis regnavit. Uipo ignaviet xxx. annis regnavit. Canutnlahina iii. annis regnavit. C. TRANSLATION. '^ Aud Alban was without a king all that time, till the period of Gud, the first king who possessed all Alban by consent or by force. Others say that it was Cathluan, son of Caitmind, who possessed the kingdom by force in Cruthiutuath and in Erin for sixty years, and that after him Gud possessed fifty years. 28 lEISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Uuradech uetla, ii. annis regnavit. Gartnait diuperr, Ix. annis regnavit. Talorc mac Achiuir, Ixxv. Drust inac Erp c. annis regnavit 7 cet cath rogni}' Nono decimo anno regni eius Patricius sanctus episcopus ad Hiberniam pervenit insolam. Talorc mac Ainel uii. amiis regnavit. Nectan morbrec mac Erip xxiiu. annis regnavit. Tertio anno regni eius Darlugdach abbatissa CiUe Dara de Hiber- nia exulat pro Christo ad Eritaniam, secundo autem anno aduentus sui immolavit Nectonius anno uno Apxu-nige Deo 7 sancte Brigte precente Darlugdach que cantavit alleUuia super istam. Drest Gurtliimoth xxx. annis regnavit. Galan arilith xv. annis regnavit. Dadrest .i. Drest filius Giron 7 Drest fin Budros xv. annis regnaverunt. Drest fin Giron solus v. annis regnavit. Gartnait fin Giron vii. annis regnavit. Cailtarni fin. Girom uno anno regnavit. Talorg filius Murtholoic xi. annis regnavit. Drest filius Munaith uno anno regnavit. Galam cennaleph iiii. annis regnavit. Cum Bridiuo i° anno regnavit. Bruide mac Melcon xxx. annis regnavit. In octavo anno regni eius baptizatus est a Sancto Columba. Gartnait f. Domecli xi. annis regnavit. Nectan nepos Uerb xx. annis regnavit. Ciniatli filius Lutrin xix. annis regnavit. Gartnait mac Uuid v. annis regnavit. Talorc frater eorum duodecim annis regnavit. Talorcan filius Enfreth iiii. annis regnavit. Gartnait filius Donuel vi. annis regnavit j dimidium anni. Drust frater eius vii. annis regnavit. Brude filius File xxi. annis regnavit. '' And fmiixlit a Imiulrcil b.attles. TO THE "HISTORIA BEITONUM." 29 Taran filius Eiifidaig iiii. annis regnavit. Brei filius Derelei xi. annis regnavit. Nechtan filius Derilei x. annis regnavit. Drest 7 Elpin conregnaverunt v. annis. Onuis filius Urguist xxx. regnavit. Brete filius Uurgut xv. annis regnavit. Ciniod filius Uuredeg xii. annis regnavit. Elpin filius Uuroid vi. annis 7 diniidio regnavit. Drest filius Talorcen i° anno regnavit. Talorcen filius Druisten iiii. vel. v. annis regnavit. Talorcen filius Oinuist xii. 7 dimidio annis regnavit. Canaul filius Tang v. annis regnavit. Constantin filius Uurguist xxx.v. annis regnavit. Uidnuist filius Uurguist xii. annis regnavit. Drest filius Constantin 7 Talorc filius Uuthoil iii. annis conregnaverunt. Unen filius Unuist iii. annis regnavit. Uurad filius Bargoit iii. annis regnavit 7. Bred i° anno regnavit. Cinaed fiUus Alpin xvi. annis regnavit. Domnall filius Alpin iiii. annis regnavit. Custantin filius Cinaeda xx. annis regnavit. Aed filius Cinaeda ii. annis regnavit. Giric mac Dungaile xi. vel. iii. annis regnavit. DomnuU filius Constantin xi. annis regnavit. Custantin filius Aeda xl. annis regnavit. Maelcolaim filius Domnaill ix. annis regnavit. Culen filius Ildoilb filii Constantin iii. annis regnavit. Cinaed vel Dub filius Maelcolaim vii. annis regnavit. Culen filius Ildoilb iiii. annis regnavit. Cinaed filius Coluim xxiiii. annis regnavit. Custantin filius Culcan i° 7 diniidio. Cinaed filius Duib viii. annis regnavit. Maelcoluim filius Cinaeda xxx. annis regnavit. Donnchad hua Maelcolaim vi. annis regnavit." Duncan, grandson of Malcolm, reigned six years. 30 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Macbetliad viae Fin 7nic Laig xvi. annis regna\'it. Luluch i: mis. Maelcolaim raac Donnchatlia iarssin.^ D. a MS. K. 1. A. Dl'BL. BOOK OF BALLIMOTK. h MS. TKIN. COLL. DUEL. H. 2. 17. PART OF BOOK OF LECAIX. DO GRUITHNEACHAIB INX'IPIT. A tir Traicia tra tangadar Cruithnigh .i. clauda Gleoin mic Ercoil iad. Agantliirsi a n-aumanda, Seisiur brathar tangadar toiseach .L Solen, Ulfa, Nechtan, Drostan, Aen- gus, Letend. Fatha a tiachtana .i. Policomus ri Traigia do rad gradh da siuii' co ro triall a breth gan tocra. Lodar iar sin tar Eomanchu co Frangcu et cumtaigit sit cathair ann .i. Pictavis a pictis 1 o u-armtaibh. Ocus do rat ri Frangc gradh dia shiur. Lodar for miiir iar n-deg in t-sbei- seadh brathar .1 Leitcind. I cind da laa iar n did for muir atbath a siur. Gabsat Cruithnigh inbher Slaine in Uibh Ceindselaigh. Atbert riu Cremhtliand Sciathbhel ri '" Macbeth, son of Fin, son of Laig, reigned sixteen years. Luluch five months. Malcolm, son of Duncan, thereafter. D. TRANSLATION. Of the Cruthneach incipit. The Cruthneach came from the land of Thracia : that is, they are the children of Gleoin, son of Ercol. Agathirsi was their name. Sis brothers of them came at first, viz., Solen, Ulfa, Nechtan, Drostan, Aengus, Leithenn. The cause of their coming : Policomus king of Thrace fell in love with their sister, and proposed to take her without a dower. They after this passed across the Roman territory into France, and built a city there, viz., Pictavis, a pictis, that is, from their arms, and the king of France fell in love with their sister. Thej' put to sea after the death of the sixth brother, viz., Leithinn, and in two days after going on the sea, their sister died. The Cruthneach took possession of Inbherslaine in Ibh Cennselaigh. Crimthann Sgiathbhel, king of Leinster, said TO THE "HISTOEIA BEITONUM." 31 Laighen do beradli failti doibli ar dichur Tuaithe Fidhbha. Adbert Drostan drui Criiithneach .i. bleagon vii. xx. bo find do dhortugh m-baille is fearfaidh in cath. Do ronnadh indi sin 7 do ronnadh in cath doibh .i. cath Ardaleamnachta in Uibh Ceindselaigh. Gach aen no ghontis no laighedh is in leamnacht ni cumgadh a neimh ni do neoch dibh. Eo marbh- tha dan iartain Tuatha Fidhbha. Marb ceathrar do Cruith- neachaibh iar sin .i. Drostan, Solen, Neachtain, Ulfa. Gabais. Gub 7 a mac .i. Cathhian neart mor a n-Erenn gor indar- badar Erimhoin '7 go tarda mna na fear ro baitea immaile fri Dond doibh i. nina Breisse y Buanaisse 7 rl. Anais sheiser dibh os Breaghmaigh. Is uaidibh gach geiss y gach sen 7 gach sreodh y gotha en y gach niana. Cath- luan ba h-airdii orro iiili 7 is e cet ri ro gabh dibh a n- Albain. Ixx. righ dibh for Albain Chathluan gu Con- stantin y is e Cruithneach deidhenach ros gabh. Da mac Cathluain .i. Catinolodhor 7 Catinolachan. In da churaidh Im mac Pirn 7 Cind athair Cruithne. Crus mac Cirigh a that he would give them welcome on the expulsion of the Tuatha Fidhbha. Drostan, the Druid, of the Cruthneach, ordered that the milk of seven score white cows should be spilled when the battle should be fought. This was done, and the battle was fought by them, viz., Ai-dleamhnachta, in Ibli Ceiunselaigh. Every one when tliey were wovmded used to lie down in the new milk, and the poison did not injure any of them. The Tuatha Fidhbha were then slain. Four of the Cruithneach afterwards died, viz., Drostan, Solen, Nechtan, Ulfa. Gub and his son, Cathluan, acquired great power in Erin, until Herimon drove them out, and gave them the wives of the men who had been drowned along with Donn, viz., the wife of Bress and Buanaisse, etc. Six of them remained over Breaghmuigh. From them are every spell, and every charm, and every sreod, and voices of birds, and every omen. Cathluan was sovereign over them all, and he was the first king of them who acquired Alban. Seventy kings of them over Alban from Cathluan to Constantin, and he was the last Cruthneach that possessed. . The two sons of Cathluan were Catinolodar and Catinolachan. The two champions, Im, son of Pern, and Cind, the father of Cruithne ; Crus, son of Cirigh, their 32 lEISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS milidh. Uaisnemh a filidh. Cruithne a ceard. Domnall mac Ailpin is e toisech go ro marb Bvitus imni Isicon. Clanna Neimidh ro gabsat iar m-Britus .i. larghxn. Cruith- neacli ro gabsat iar sin iar techt doibh a h-Erenn. Gaedil imorro ro gabsat iar sin .i. meic Eire mic Eaclidhach. Crnitlinigh cid^ dos farclam I n-iath Alban n-amhra ? Go n-a m-brigh bil beldha'^ Cia tir as nach tarlla ?^ Cia foconn fos ro gluais cricaib in cogaidh ? Cia liu long as teagar. Fri snini tond do lodar ?* Cia slondud fria tiachtain. Do riachtain ua righe ? As a n-airm fadhe.* Is cia n-ainm a tire ? soldier ; Uaisnemh, their poet ; Cruithne, their artisan. Donald, son of Alpin, he was the first, till Britus, son of Isacon, slew him. The clan Neimhidh possessed after Britus, viz., larglun. The Cruith- neach possessed after that, after they had come from Erin. The Gael possessed after that, viz., tlie sons of Ere, son of Eachdach. The Cnithneach, who established them In the land of noble Alban ? , With glorious illustrious might From what region did they come i What cause also moved them From the countries in war ? lu what number of ships did they embark ^ And set out to traverse the waves ? How were they named before they came To attain their sovereignty? From their own weapons. What was the name of their country ? ' Cid in b only. 2 li reads helija. ^ h reads targa. * h reads : — Frl snim tond dor ureatltar. Cia U)i long do Indar. ° h reads bodenf. TO THE " HISTORIA BRITONUM." 33 Traicia aiiim a tire, Go sire a seolta, lar ua thairciul teaclita, A n-airthiiir na h-Eoi-pa. Agantirsi a n-anmann Am rand Erchtbhi.' cearptardi a cuctli Adbertar cid Picti. Picti in aicme at raibli Ros taitne teacht miiii-, Gan gnim n-deii'eoil n-dodchaidh,- Sil n-Geleoin^ mac Ercoil. H-uadibh* seisear brathar, Fri lathar gan liun,^ Do sherc blad go sood, In seachtmadli a sinr. Thraoia was the name of their country, Till they spread their sails, After they had resolved to emigrate, In the east of Europe. Agathyrsi was their name In the portion of Erehbi, From their tattooing their fair skins Were they called Picti. The Piets, the tribe I speak of, Understood travelling over the sea, Without mean, imworthy deeds, The seed of Geleoin, son of Ercoil. Six brothers of them With alacrity, tmflinchiug, For glory's sake set out ; The seventh was their sister. h reads Ercail-ithi. I) reads : — Ct'd gidm n-Ercail n-otchaid The liundi-ed deeds of mighty Ercail. ' h reads Eolchoin. ^ b reads H-uaithir. ^ b reads Imd. 34 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITION? Solen, Ulpa, Neachtain, Drostan, dechtaiii dretell, A n- anmand, a n-aebdus, Aengus 7 Leitend. Lan ri Traigia treabhtha, Do dechra^ a siuir sochla, Eo bo damna deabhtha, Gan tarba, gan tochra. Tangadar lea in deigh-fhir, thiribh, treabhaibh,^ Lucht nae^ long go lormiidli, Nonbhur ar tri cedaibb. Cingset seach ann crichu* Frangcu, fiacliu failgis, Gnid^ cathraigh aii-m aiblis D-iar ba ainm Pictabis. Solen, Ulpha, Nechtain, Drostan the powerful diviner, Were their names and their order, Aengus and Leithenn. The absolute king of populous Thrace Sought their lovely sister, It was the cause of conflict, Without gift, without dowry. They came away with her, the good men. From their lands, from their houses, A company of nine ships in good order, Three hundred and nine persons. They passed through the oountries Of France, they cut down woods, They built a city, with their many weapons. Which was named Pictabis. ^ ft reads do cheathra, admired. ' ft reads tredaibh, flocks. ■* h reads tri, three. ^ b reads tuind cricJu. •> Gnid added from ft. TO THE "HISTOEIA BRITONUM." 35 Pictabis a Pictis Atbertis a cathraigh. Ba slonnudh slan soehraidh, larum dar sin rath-muir. Ei ro char a siur, Tre gliadh go n-aii-ge,' Di focoim a ferge, A to[th] fund^ for fairge. For tracht niara meadhbhaidh Long lelaigh lucht lathair. Anais ar a feisuir^ Accu* in seiseadli brathar. Badar iu Pictaue, Go^ n-grane Dia n-glenail, A n-ainm ro bo aedlia,^ Airm irraba Elair. Pictabis a Pictis Tiiey named their city. It remained a g(jod and free name Afterwards upon the fortress. The king sought their sister By battle valiantly, And in consequence of his anger, They were driven upon the sea. On the shore of the sea was shattered A ship swift sailing well manned, There remained, as we know, With them, the sixth brother They were in Pictave, With success attaching to them. Their name was renowned At the place where Elair was. ' /) reads ii-r/airije, fiercelj'. - A dtothfund in h. ^ n reads aeisuir. * Acin in h. "' Oe in ri, " h reads //lacfa, long. 36 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Elaid ass a chele, Co n-dliene fo cliud, Cind da la gacfi laclitu,' Atbath accu a siiu'. Seach breatnaibh na reuuiiii Co h-Erinn na h-aine, Eo toghsat a tiudremli Goblisat inber Slaine. Sligsit sluag fea^ foglach, Dia fognam i nemni,' Tria a n-glundu'' garga, I cath Arda-leamuacht. Laich angbaidhe, amble,* Fea faidbhe fudar," They stole away thence together In haste, uufler sorrow, At the end of two tempestuous days, Their sister died with them. Passing by Britain in their voyage, To Erin the delightful They directed their course, And reached luver Slaine. They cut down the plundering host of Fea, Who were aided by poison, By their fierce deeds, In the battle of Ardleamnacht. The heroes, valiant and numerous, Cut down knotty woods, b reads : — Cinta fa co loch fa From the fault of a stormy day. Fea in !i only. From h. a reads : — Pia fitrinadli a n-dcmna/^hf. ^ a reads Drian a n-gluiignu. ^ /) reads /a«W)e, cutting. " /) reads : — CO iHjinrhe re pudar, with roughness, with hurt- fulness. TO THE "HISTOEIA BEITONUM." Gona danaibli go u-dliechraibli,' Do bhreathnailih a biniadli. Ba marb nech no sectis," Acht teilgteis a f huile, Go bom tni doenne,^ Cidh cu no cidh dune. Drui Crixithneach in cardais, Fuair ic amtis anilaidh, Lemlacht is innaladri An a-thamadh for tamail.* Tiigtha tainte treabh-clann, La Cremhtand coir cenn-balc,'' Co tomlilacht an aicmidli," For fraichthi^ Ardlemnacht. 37 With wonderful arts, From the Britons their origin. Dead was every one they followed, If but his blood they shed, So that he wasted away on thut account, Whether a dog or whether a man. A Druid of the Cruithnech, of friendship, Discovered a cure for the wounded, New milk in which were washed In powerful bathing. The herds of the tribes were brought, By just Cremthand the headstrong, Until the herd was milked On the green of Ardleamnacht. ' 6 reada CO namib co n-decraib. ^ b reads theigdi-n, struck, •* b reads con bo tru de sen e. The meanmg is the satae. * h reads : — fri ihamadli for talinain. Those who lay upon the earth. b reads Cetbalc. b reads a rack ne.m. Not in b. 38 lEISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Slaigseat' sluagli Fea febacli," Gan treibh is gaii toLacli,'' Eo cliobhradh don tuatli'' gliaidli, Cremtand sciathbel scoracli. Sguirsit auu iu Cruitnigli^; Fri tuirtib tri maige,'' ^ Comdar ecla t'aebair'' Na n-Gaedil^ go n-gloine. Gar iar siu go n-apadh'* Cethur blathach bratliar," Solen, Neachtain,'" Drostau, Aengus, fosdau fathach. They cut down the host of Fea Febach, Without peopling and without wresting, Protected by the host of battle, Was Crlmthan Sciathbel of horses. The Cruithnech settled themselves On the lands of the three plains. Until dread of their arms Had seized the noble Gael. Soon after that died Four of the noble brothers, Solen, Nechtau, Drostan, Aengus, the prophetic piUai-. ' In a Slir/feat. ■^ 6 reads Faehrach, of sharp weapons, ^ h has gan irebad iv gan torml without tillage and without produce. '' h has din n-d'tth, by their ile- feat. '' h reads : — C'uirid and tri tnaigi .Na Cruithnigh m n-gniri. On the tliree plains planted The Cruithnigh with jiro- sperity. Faehair from /<, a has oihil. h has Gaeigil. h reads co-ngabad. Ii has hralhtr bkulach. From h. a reads incorrectly Uliilw. TO THE "HISTOEIA BEITONUM.' 39 Eo faitli a n-dheas Ulfa, lar n-urchra a charad. In a charnn^ i m-Breagaibh, And ro meadair^ malart. Morthar^ occaib Catliluain, Mr bo a truag aii'e, Do rig foraibh iiile Eia n-dul a tir n-aile. Ar asbert friu* Erimon As in Erin seachtar/ Ar na dearn dais* deabaidh, Immon Teamair tectaidb. Tri cet ban do breatha Doibh, ros tetlia^ tlathaigh, Cidbeadli ro lio tuacbad, Gach bean go n-a bratbair. From the south Ulfa was sent, After the death of his friends, In his Cam in Bregia, Did he meditate a curse. Cathluan was elevated by them, No despicable chieftain, As king over them all, Before they set out to another country. For to them spake Erimon, Out of Erin they should go. Lest they should make battle, For Teamhar as a possession. Three himdred women were given To them, they were agreeable. But they were most cunning, Each woman with her brother. ^ h reada Iii Rachraind, in Eachrin. ^ h reada mebaid. ^ h reada marhthar, was killed. "* b haa A duhrad riu. '•' a repeats Erimon instead of Erin, which is obviously the read- ing, b gives the line thus, sin n- Erirul sin n-eitair. " Dais not in b. ' a reada cethea for lellui. 40 lEISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Badar ratha forro,' Frid reiiuix" fri dire, Conidh soire a mathar, Eo gnath gabh^ irriglie. Kerdair as iu u-Erinn, Ina reimim rath-glind, Gen mureii', gan marc luag, Im Cathluau mac Caitmind.'' Cath-molodhor cnap cruaidh,'' Is Cath-machan cnap gluair," Bhadar gilli^ glordha, Da meic crodha Cathluain. A coraidh cruaidh comnart, Ba dorun* Laic a thoirin seomh, There were oaths imposed on them, By the stars, by the earth, That from the nobility of the mother, Should always be the right to the sovereignty. They set out from Erin, On tlieir oath-bound expedition, Without families, without cavaliy, With Cathluan son of Caitmin. Catmolodar the hard knobbed, And Cathmaehan the bright knobbed, Were glorious youths, The two valiant sons of Cathluan His hardy puissant champions. Strong their blows and their trampling, ' a reads erru iorforro. '^ b reads demnu for reiinti. ' a reads (jnatliaUjh for fjnath ijabh. * a reads Ctiituidh. ^ h reads dechtis toicnap cruaidh. " h reads cnap maid, red knobbed. '' h inserts gtunci, pure. " '/ reads Irum, licavy. TO THE "HISTOKIA BRITONUM," 41 Cing cocerrun clia cerrn-seomh, Im mac Peirmi a h-aiiini-seom. H-Uaisem' ainm a file, No sired insed-gin," Eo bo rus dia milidh, Crus mac Cirigh Cetlim;' Cruithne mac coir Cinca Doibh ro thincha tochmorc'' Co tuc banntrocht m-blath-glan, Dar Athmaig* dar Athgort. Anait dibh a u-Ealga," Go lin eerda is curach' Na roceised^ breagmacli Seisear demnach druadh. Cing, victorious in their victories, Im son of Pernn their names. Huasem was the name of his poet, Who sought out the path of pleasantry. Ruddy was his hero, Crus son of Cmgh Cetlim. Cruithne son of just Cing Attended to their courtship, So that he brought a company of fair women. Over Athmagh, over Athgort. There remained of them in Ealga, With many artificers and warriors They would not leave Breagmach, Six demonlike Dniids. 1 b reads h- Uahneam. - b reads set (jean. ^ b reads cheitlem. ^ This line from b, a reads Ro tinea athcochmor. 5 Not in a. ^ a n-Ealga from ft. (( lias Melga. ' curacli from b. a. has cruari. * b reads nad ceaeadfor. 42 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS DruicUieacht is idlacht, maitli, In ailc min glan^ mur glau,^ Bare clibeirgi duan gil, Is uaidibh^ ro muuadli. Moradli sred* is mana, Raga sin am sona,® Gotha en do faire Cairi gach ceol cona.** Cnuic as chorrthe" archora, Cen troga tuath taille, Eo rotogsat* a tindi-emh, Gabsat^ inber m-Bhoinde. Ba headh^" lodar h-uaine Go-n-gluaire na gribhe, Necromancy and idolatry, illusion, In a fair and well-waUed liouse, Plundering iu ships, bright poems By them were taught. The honouring of sredhs and omens, Choice of weather, lucky times, The watching the voice of birds. They practised without disguise. Hills and rocks for the plough, Their sons were no thieves, They prepared their expedition, They reached Inver Boinne. They passed away from us, With the splendour of swiftness, ' a reads mai'c mm hale. - a reads gles ilibh gn. ^ b reads vaib rib. * sred in b. a reads slewjh. * From b. II has Hinjlm sm ni mna. " From Ii. a has Cliaire qan eel cona. ^ b has coirci. ' b reads ttmri/aibsel. '■' b reads iStiml a. '" b reads l}a li-Emkir, byEdar. TO THE " HISTORIA BEITONUM." 43 Imma iath' co dreue I tir iath seaeh^ He. Is as gabsat Albain, Ardglaiu ailes thoirthiu, Cen dith lucht^ la treblitu chrich Chath* co Foivciu. Ro bris Cathluaiu cathii Geu tachu ceu techtu/ Mr bo ingarg tuchtu® Co ro marb Breatnu. Ba de gabsat Albain Ard-glain talcain tlach-miu/ To dwell by valour In the land of the country beyond He. From thence they conquered Alba, The noble nurse of fniitfulness. Without destroying the people From the region of Cat to Forchu. Cathluan gained battles, Without flinching or cowardice. His onsets were not without fierceness Until he had slain the Britons. Thus did they conquer Alban Noble, gentle hilled, smooth surfaced, ' h reads tairjh. ^ i.e., Scotland, h for tir iath .seorA reads tir niaisencli, the lieauti- t'lil land ; but tile reading in a is more in accordance with history. ^ a reads ilacht. ' a reads rhrichath. * ^ a reads la trehhtu. a reads tiiiciti. h gives these two lines : — • Ba de gabsad Cruithniij Albain turthig tlacht min. Thus did tile C'ruithnig ac- quire Alban the fruitful, smooth-surfaced. the 44 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Co n-imad Amlaebh,' Co Chinaeth mac n-Ailpiu. Ar creachadli n-ard n-aicnaidli, For aitcliibh cen uchneim Ni celldar in coclilaigh As de adberar Cruithnigh.^ Coeca I'igh ceim crechach, Mar aen do sil Echdach, O Feargus ro firad, Co mac m-brigach m-bhretach. Se riga ar se deichib, Dibh fri feithim full crech. Carsat sithe suichlech, Gabsat rige Cruithneach. Cruithnigh dos farclam.'* To many Ainlaebhs, To Ciuaeth sou of Alpin. For plundering known places, And greens without remorse, For not practising inactivity, For this they are called Cruithneach. Fifty kings of plundering career. Every one of the race of Eochaigh, From Fergus, most truly. To the vigorous MacBrethach. Six kings and six times ten Of them, who attended to bloody plunder, They loved merry forays. They possessed the kingdom of the Cruithneach. The Cruithneach established ' 6 has Erclod amlael. This line is hopelessly corrupt in both copies. remaining two stanzas are m a only. ■* A repetition of the first line, which always marks the termina- rhe poem emls liere in ''. The tiou of a poem. TO THE " HTSTORTA BRITONUM." 45 E. MS. TRIN. COLL. DUEL. U. 2.17, PART OF BOOK OF LECAIN. \jo chuaidh o macaib Milead Cruithnechan mac Lochit mac Ingi la Breatnu Eoirtren do chathugud fri Saxaiii f ro chosain tir doib Criiitheiitiiaith j anais fen aco. Acht iii badar mna leo, ar bebais Ijaudthrocht Alban. Do luid iaiiim Cruithnechan for cnlu do cum mac Miled j ro gab neam j talam j grian j esca, driicht j daithi, muii- j tir ba do maithriu flaith forro co brath j do bert da mna dec forcraidi badar oc macaib MUead aro bate a fir is in fairrge tiar ar aen re Donn conad do fearaib h-Erind fiaith for Cruithnib o sin dogxes. F. a MS. TRIN. COLL. DUEL. H. 2. ] 8, BOOK OF LEINSTER. b MS. TRIN. COLL. DUEL. H. 2. 17, PART OF BOOK OF LECAIN. Oan a m-bimadas na n-Gaedel Gair cloth n-gledend? E. TKANSLATION. Cruithnechan, the son of Lochit, son of Ingi, went over from the sons of Mileadh to the Britons of Fortrenn to fight against the Saxons ; and he defended the country of Cruitlientuaith for them, and he himself remained with them. But they had no women, for the women of Alba had died. And Cruithnechan went bade to the sons of MUeadh, and he swore by heaven and by earth, and the sun and the moon, by the dew and the ele- ments, by tlie sea and the land, that the regal succession among them for ever should be on the mother's side ; and he took away with him twelve women that were superabundant with the sons of Mileadh, for their husbands had been drowned in the western sea along with Donn ; so that the chiefs of the Cruithneach have been of the men of Erin from that time ever since. TRANSLATION. Whence the origin of the Gaedhel Of high renown in stiff battles t 46 lEISH AND HCTISH ADDITIONS Canas tarla' tondgur dilend Dochum n- Erend ? Citne in ferand^ in ro threbsat Tuirfer fene Cidh dos fuc i terce tii-e Do flminiud grene. Ciarso thucait rodos fogluais Eem do thastiul,'* In do theched, no in do cenacli, No ind gasciud ? Ciad e as dilsin doib for dhonnm Ind a taedin Dia n-anmnigud in a n-atreb^ Scuitt no Gaedil. Whence did the mighty stream of ocean Waft them to Erin 1 What was the land in which they lived LorcUy men, The Fene ? What brought them for want of land To the setting of the sun ? What was the cause that sent them forth Upon their wanderings 1 Was it iu flight or for commerce Or from valour ? What is the proper name for them, As a nation, By which they were called in their own country, Scuitt or Gaedhil 1 ' b reads Ca7i dos rala. '^ h reads Cassi nrrand, what was tliu cKvisiim. •' These two lines thus in h . — Ciasl lucait in ro/oghioit Rem iar laistuU. ' These three lines thus in b : — ( V ilkie asn dixliu daih Tbidiu taiden Dia n-ttvimedvij ina ii-dair- iiih. TO THE "HISTOlilA BRITONUM." 47 Ciamdis Fene atbertha Do anmand doib Acus Gaedel andos gleid Can dosroid.' Cidne remend fossa robdar Eiuch fergach ? No cia mac do maccaib Milead Cuis a m-bearrthar ?^ [Thirty-nine Stanzas omitted.]'"' Euc Cruithne mac Cinge a mna uadib. Eossar* n-direcb Inge Tea lien h-Erimon Mic Miled. Mor saethair cesait uili For each mh- buadre Why was Fene said to be A name for them ? And Gaedhil — which is the better, Whence was it derived 'i What adventure were they upon In their angry course 1 Or what sons of tlie sons of MUidh Are they to be traced to ? [Thirty-nine Stanzas omitted.] Cruthne, son of Cing, tooli their women from them, It is directly stated. Except Tea wife of Herimon Son of Mileadh. Great labour did they all undergo In every tumult ' This stanza in b : — Cetis/eiie a.?a vi-beardaia Friu mbu ainm doib Ocus in Gaeidil rus gleiij Can dos rodi/j. * This stanza is in b only. * These stanzas contain a curi- ous account of the wanderings of the Milesians from Scitia till they landed in Ireland ; but it has no bearing upon Scotland. ^ h reads Lerech. 48 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS La mna Bresse, la nina Basse, La mna Buaigne. Banba a sleib Miss co na shluagaib Sii'iuc tuislech' Fotla ill Eblinne asnac hEriii in Uisnrich. Adocorsat Tuatha Dea Triu chert cUtach," tir tidach^ dar noi tonnaib Don lir lethan. Eo gab* h-Erimon colleith in tshhiaig lar n-urd tolgdai TimcheU atuaid ba gen mergle" D'inber Cholpthai. With the wife of Brass, with the wife of Bass With the wife of Buaighue Banba at Sleibh Mis with her hosts, Faint, wearied ; Fotla at Eibhliune, raurmiiring, Eire at Uisneach. The Tuatha Dea sent them forth, According to the laws of war, From the firm land over nine waves Of the proud sea. Herimon went forth with half the host In proud array. Round the north, it was without sorrow, To Inbher Colptha. ' /) reads sererh Itiislead. - h reads ire chert chrechach, with plundering might. •* b reads o l/iir tluilt/ilcc/i. From the plcasaiit land. ^ li reads iiiid, went. " h reads bain can merga. TO THE "HISTORIA BRITONUM." 49 Ro gab Dond do sin leith aile lar n-iird innaiss Ba marb ic ascnam cen chomais^ Descert h-irrais. Co tuarcbad^ corn la lia a cheneoil As lir lethach^ Sen treb tontecli'' conid tech Duinn De don garar. Ba h-esin a h-edacht adbiil^ Dia chlaind chetaich Ciicum dom tic tissaid uili lar bar n-ecaib. Ic Inbiur Scene ro saurset Seel cen dunad Sruth dian dermar in ros fhothraic Fial ben Lugdacb. Donn went with the other half In progressive order, He died as he was sailing, without strength, At the south of Irrus. There was raised a cairn with the stone of liis race, Over the broad sea, An ancient stormy dwelling ; and Tech Duinn, It is called. This was his great testament To his numerous children. To me, to my house, come ye all After your deaths. At Inhber Scene they landed The story is not concealed The rapid great stream in which bathed Fial, wife of Lughadh. ^ b reads tungais. ^ b reads ar tocbad. •* b reads uaisle ar laimtheach. * b reads sorUcch, bold. ^ b reads Combat tekichl adbul. 50 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Luid Eremon do Inber Boinde Faitoinn n-dene, Gabais Emer o sar Duind Do Inber Feile.* Eos dailset fo h-Erind oraig, Mar atberid, Gniset cora fri Firu Bolg, Fri eland Nemid. Nis batar mna soirbe soii-e, Ce a noglea," Ar n-gait^ a m-ban gabsat clemnas Tuath Dea. Do breth* doib leth cech forba,* Co muir medbas,^ lar sin charddine choir chomdes/ lar sLu clemnas. Herimon went to Inber Boinde With impetuous endeavour, Heber took from noble Donn To Inber Feile. They spread themselves thro' Erin, to her coasts, As is recorded, They made an alliance with the Firbolg, With the clan Nemhedh. There were no charming noble wives For their young men. Their women having been stolen, they made affinity With the Tuatha Dea. Unto them was given the half of each territory To the boisterous sea. After this just and judicious alliance, After this aflSnity. ' This stanza in h only. 2 b reads Cia ro tnjlea. ^ b reads Tardijarl. * b reads Dorata. " a reads arba. " ') reads meblas. ^ b reads : — lar sin chairl mkltaim diomhrus. TO THE " HISTORIA BEITONUM." 51 Ro gab** h-Eriuion in tiiascert Du dia ciniud," Co na sencus, co na solud,^ Co na n-dligud. Co na n-dunib, co na cathaib, Gairge regtlie, Co na n-debthaige tria oilihiie, Co na cethre.'' Eg gab Eber desceit n-Erenn, Ord ro chinnius, Co na utmaille, co na chommus,''' Co na binnius. Co na buadaib, co na li-uile," Co na aege/ Herimun took the north As the inheritance of his race, With their antiquity, with their prosperity, With theii- rights. With its fortresses, with its troops, Fierce, active ; With theii- rash fights, With their cattle. Eber took the south of Erin, The order was agreed on, With its activity, with its power. With its harmony. With its victories, with its grandeur. With its hospitality, ^ h reads ijabals. - b reads Cona chintad. With his race. ^ h reads tholach. * b reads : — Cona dnhiucn, cma chadchai, Gairchur eigni power. With its pride, with its wars, Shouts of distress With its failures from its rashness With its wings. b reads cen chomai<, without Co na theipthich iria opni | ^ b reads umla, humility. Cona citri. ' ' b reaAs flicigi. 52 IRISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS Co na dersaide tria dure/ Co na chaine,^ co na dene.^ [The rest omitted.]'' G. MS. K. I. A. DUEL. BOOK OF BALLIMOTE. ij'ABAS Sarran rigi mBretan iartain '^ gabais neart Saxan 7 Cruithneacli 7 tug do shetigli iugean rigli Alban .i. Babona ingean Loairnd mic Eire 7 ni h-i ro naisced do aclit a siur .i Ere inghean Loaii'nd gor trulla la Miiiredhach mac Eoghain mhic Neill co h-Erind y co rue ceithri raacu do .i. Muirceartacli mac Erca 7 Fearadliach 7 Tighearnach 7 Maiau. Clanais umorro Sarran Babona co ro tuisnieadh leo .u. meic .i. Luirig 7 Cairnech 7 Epscop Dalian 7 Caemlach 7 atbail iar coscur 7 iar m-buaidh i taigh Martain. With its vivacity, witli hardiness, With its loveliness, with its purity. [The rest omitted.] G. TE.^NSLATION. Sarran assumed the sovereignty of Britain after this, and established his power over the Sasous and the Crutlmeacli, and he took to wife the daughter of the king of Alban, viz., Babona daughter of Loarn, son of Ere, and it was not she that was married to him but her sister, viz.. Ere, daughter of Loam, until she eloped with Muredach, son of Eoghan, sou of NiaU, to Erin, and she bore him four sons, viz., Murcertach mac Erca, and Feradach, and Tighernach, and Maian. SaiTan moreover had issue by Babona, and there were begotten by them five sons, viz., Liurig and Cairnech, and Bishop DaUain, and Caemlach, and he died after victory and after triumph, in the house of Martan. ^ b has cen didr'i, without harsh- ■* The rest of the poem contains ness. a list of the trilies in Ireland, tie- - not in h. scended from the sons of Mile- ^ 4 has/eite, festiWty. sins. TO THE "HISTOEIA BRITONUM." 53 Luirig imoiTO ro gab iar sin go n-ereeht a neart for Saxaua 7 con 11-era catair foirechneach i uail mainistrech Cairuich .i. a brathair. Muirceartach mac Erca in tan sin i uail rig Breatan ig foglaim gaiscidh iar ua clichur a h-Erind ar na Crossana domarbadh "j iar na diclior iartain a h-Albain ar marbadh a seanathar .i. Loairnd rig Alban ; conas tarla do coisearcadh a airm in tan sin co Caii-ndech CO mac deirbhsheatliar a mathar ; co n-ebairt Caimech ris bod rig Erenn 7 Bretan tu clraidhchi 7 do gebha neamh iardain aclit co n-dichuirea Luirig do neart ata for in n-ec- lais. Andsin luigli mac Erca ga righ y atbert ah-aitheasc iar ruachtain i. Na cumtliaig do chathair i uail Cairnich epscop. Dar mo De bliroth ar Luirich as calma form in peata aighi alltai fil aicci andas feiu 7 in Coimdhe dia n-adhair. Teid mac Erca fria chidu Caimech iartain agus sloridis a h aitheasc. Gabais fearg mor Caimech dothain "l dixit m-itchi romchoimdit rom Dia co rop in adbur na h-aighi sin ro gaba bas 7 leatsuamic Erca. h-Erailis Cair- neach annsin ar mac Erca techt do dichur a brathar 7 Luirig moreover took after this, so that he extended his power over the Saxons, and forcibly built a fort within the precincts of the monastery of Caimech his brother. Miucertach mac Erca happened to be at the time with the king of Britain, learning military science, after he was expelled from Erin, for having killed the Crossans, and after having been subsequently expelled from Alban, for having kUled his grandfather, Loarn, king of Alban. It happened that he was at the time getting his arms consecrated by Caimech, the son of his mother's sister ; then Caimech said to him, Thou shalt he king of Erin and of Britain for ever, and shalt go to heaven after, provided thou canst pre- vent Luirig from exercising his power against the Church. Then MacErca went to tlie king, and after he came, he told his mes- sage, viz.. Build not thy city in the precincts of Cairnech the Bishop. As God is my judge, said Luirig, I think more of the power of the pet wild fawn he has, than of his own, or that of the Lord God whom he adores. MacErca returned to Cairnech and told him the result. Great wrath suddenly seized Cairnech, and he said, My prayer to my Lord, to my God, is, that that very fawn may be the cause of his death, and by thee, MacErca. 54 lEISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS gabais dothain ar aedh comrac 7 ua luidh di h-erail Cair- nicli do (liclmr in righ. Co n-dearna Dia mor mirbhuili ar Cairneach andsin .i. cor fhaedh agh n-allaigh as in t-sleibh CO h-aerecht ind righ gor derlaii- in sluagh na dliiaidli acli in righ gona bandalaibh ; 7 dixit Mac Erca mat ciaUa chach a tigearna frit clereach daig bud fidli gach aimnedh lene in ciinithachta fri Liurigh. Andsin suidis Mac Erca in lorg catha i slis in righ cor comtrom ; y curthaid ga clerigh y cend lais re comartha 7 dixit cend do brathar duid a Cairnic ; et dixit Cairneach leic damsa an cnaimh 7 tomailsiu in smir 7 rofia gac treas comarba sund CO brath 7 in Erind. Techtais geill y neart in tiri annsin 7 Gaimech fri secht m-bliadhua im mor rigi Bretan y Cat 7 Ore 7 Saxan, Co n-dearua Mac Erca fnillind in peccaidh .i. bean Lnii'ic do tabairt iar cathagad 7 iar comleugaibh co mor fri righ Frangc a cosnam a ingene fris co n-dorchair ic Mac Erca Cairnech then omnmauded MacErca to go forth and destroy his brother, and he immediatel}- took upon himself to fight him, and he went forth at the command of Cairnech to destroy the king. And God worked a great miracle there for Cairnech, viz., He sent a wild fa^Tn out of the mountain into the king's assemWy, and the host all went in pursuit of it, e.xcept tlie king himself and his women. And said MacEi'ca, If you had been just, my lord, towards your Cleric, it is certain that it would give in- creased happiness to have the royal robe on Luirig. Then Mac- Erca thrust his battle staff into the king's side, so tliat it was balanced, and lie returned to his cleric with tlie head with him as a tokpn, and said. Here is thy brother's head for thee, Can- nech. And said Cairnech, Leave me the bone, and eat thou the marrow, and every third Coarb shall be thine for ever, here and in Erin. Then he took hostages and power in the land, and Cairnech, for seven years, as also the sovereignity of Britain, and Cat, and Ore, and Saxony. MacErca committed an additional sin, that is, he took the wife of Lnirig after many battles and conflicts with the king of France, to take his daughter from him ; until at last the daughter fell into MacErca's hands, and she bare him four sons, TO THE " HISTOPJA BEITOFUM." 55 fodheoidh in ingen '•j cu rue ceithri meic do .i. Constantin "l Gaedheal Ficht o taat ruirigli Bretan ■y rig Breatan Cornd ; Nellend a quo gens Nellan 7 Scandal in mac ele a quo gens Scandail .i. a n-Erinn o tait clanna na desi sin. Co ndernad mor-thinol clerech n-Eorpa co Torinis Mar- tan .L secht n-espuic .xxx. ar. cec. ma comarba Peadair do saighidli Cairnich epscop Toirindsi 7 Bretan cornd 7 na n-uili Breatnach do dichur cacha h- eirsi 7 do cheartugudh gacha tiri immurt na h-ecalsa; 7 adrophart condacht martra in beatha do Chairnech ar rob e a thogha beatha martra ; 7 fuair Cairnech .111. epscop do thoghmar mar mailli re Cairndech dia n-eletri 7 do choidli in Lien da h-eilithri .i. a dualus Mic Erca 7 Muireadaig. Do luidh Caii'udech reimhe go Bretuaibh Cornd no Carnticeon 7 ro cumdaigead cathoir fo talmain lais ar doigh na faicidli se tir na talumh na h-eoir ; cor fuillestair nert 7 righi Mic Erca re bliadhna 7 co tainic co n-Erind remhe conadh h-e cet epscop claindi NeiU y Temrach 7 gor viz., Constantine, and Gaedel Ficht, from whom descend the provincial kings of Britain, and the kings of Cornwall, NeUen from whom the Gens Nellen, and Scandail the other son, from whom the gens Scandal. It is in Erin the descendants of the two last are. Now a great synod of the clergy of Europe was made at Tours of Martin, viz., three hundred and thirty-seven bishops with the Coarb of Peter to meet Cairnech, bishop of Tours and of Corn- wall, and of all the Britons, to cast out every heresy, and to reduce every country to the discipline of the church. And the chieftainship of the martyrs of the world was given to Cairnech, because martyrdom was his own choice. And Cairnech found thrice fifty bishops, who made it also their choice to accompany Cairnech in pilgrimage, and that number went to Lien in pilgri- mage for the sake of Mac Ei-ca and Muredach. Cairnech then set out to the Britons of Cornwall or of Carnti- ceon, and a city was built by him under ground, in order that he might not see the earth, nor the country, nor the sky ; and he increased the power and sovereignty of MacErca for a year, and he went to Erin before him, so that he was the first bishop of the Clann Neill and of Temhar, and he was the first martyr and 56 lEISH AND PICTISH ADDITIONS. bhe ced mairtir -y ced manach Erend 7 cetna bretheanih fear n-Erend fos Cor chaithaidlisedar iimorro Fraingc 7 Saxain dia eis fri Mac Erca y gor togladh a crich y a cathair re cian d-aiinsir 7 gor milleadh crichadh -y cumacMa na tiri ba neassa do re mete a chiimhaclita 7 a nert ; 7 go tanic iar sin a mor longeas do gabail righi na h-Erend ; go deisidh ic Fan na long for Boind gor loiscthe lais a longa .i. gonadh uadlia Fan long 7 gor marbad coigedhaigli na h-Ereud iartain 7 go ro gaib a righi do dhiles co brath do fein 7 da chloind. Gor milleadh cumachta 7 neart Bretan dia h-eisi indsin. the first monk of Erin, and the first Brehon of the men of Erin also. Now after this the Franks and Saxons made war against Mac- Erca, and he destroyed their country and their cities after a long contest, and the country, and the power of the territories adjacent to him were also destroyed by the greatness of his power and of his strength, and after this he came with a large fleet to take the sovereignty of Erin. He landed at Fan-na-long, on the Boyne, when he burned his ships, from which comes the name Fan-nadong, and he kUled the provincial kiiiffs of Erin afterwards, and took their sovereignty by right for ever for himself, and for his descendants. And then the power and strength of Britain was destroyed after him. THE DUAN ALBANACH. 57 VI. THE DUAN ALBANACH, mlxx. MS. R. I. A. DUEL. M'FIRBIS. A. EOLCHA Alban iiile, A shluagh feuta foltbhuidhe, Cia ceud gliabhail, an eol duibh, Eo ghabhasdair Albanbruigh. Albanus ro ghabh, lia a shlogli, Mac sen oirderc Isicon, Brathair is Briutus gan brath, raitear Alba eathrach. Eo ionnarb a brathair bras, Briotus tar muir n-Icht n-amhnas, Eo gabli Briutus Albain ain, Go rinn fliiadhnacli Fotudain. all ye learned of Alban, Ye well skilled host of yellow hair, What was the first invasion — is it known to you ? Which took the land of Alban? Albanus possessed it, numerous his hosts, He was the illustrious son of Isacon, He and Briutus were brothers without deceit. From him Alban of ships has its name. Briutus banished his active brother Across the stormy sea of Icht, Briutus possessed the noble Alban As far as the conspicuous promontory of Fotudain. 58 THE DUAN ALBANACH. Foda iar m-Briutus m-blaith, m-bil, Eo ghabhsad clanna Neinhidh, Erglan iar tteacht as a loing, Do aithle thoglila thiiir Conviing. Cruithnigh ros gabhsad iarttain, Iar ttiachtain a h-Ereami-mhuigh, .X. rigb tri ficliit righ ran Gabhsad diobh an Cruithean-chlar. Cathhian an ced righ diobh-soin, Aisnedhfead daoibh go cmnair, Eob e an righ degheanach dliibh An cur calma Cusaintin. Clanna Eathach ina n-diaigh, Gabhsad Albain iar n-airdghliaidh, Clanna Conaire an cliaomhfhir, Togliaidhe na treun Ghaoidhil. Long after Briutus the prosperous, the good, The race of Neiuihidh took it, Erglan, after coming out of his ship. After the destruction of the tower of C'onung. The Cruithnigh took it afterwards. After coming from the plain of Erin, Seventy nohle kings of them Possessed the Cruitlmian plain. Cathluan was the first king of them, I teU unto you hriefly. The last king of them was The brave hero Cusantin. The children of Eochadh after them Took Alban, after great wars, The children of Conaire, the mild man, The chosen of the strong Gael. THE DUAN ALBANACH. 59 Tri mec Ere mec Eachdach ait, Triar fuair beannachtair Patraicc, Ghabhsad Albaiu, ard a n-gus, Loam, Fearghus is Aonghus. Dech m-bliadhna Loarn, ler bladh, I fflaitheas Oirir Alban, Tar es Loarn fhel go n-gus, Seacht m-bliadhna ficheat Fearghus. Domhangart mac d'Fearghus ard, Aireamh cuig m-bhadhan m-biotligarg, A .xxiiii. gan troid, Do Comghall mac Domhangoirt. Da bhliadhan Conaing gan tair, Tar es ComhghaUl do Gobhran, The three sons of Ere son of Eochaidh, the valiant, Three who obtained the blessing of Patrick, Took Alban, exalted their courage, Loarn, Feargus and Aongus. Ten years Loam, it is known to fame, In the government of Oirir Alban.' After the generous courageous Loarn, Seven and twenty years, Feargus. Domangart son of noble Feargus, Numbered five turbulent years. Twenty-four without a battle, To Comgall sou of Domangart. Two prosperous years without contempt, After Comgall, to Gabran. ' Oirir Alban was a name ap- plied to the districts on the west coastoflnvemess-shire and Argyll- shire. It was divided into Oirir an tuath and Oirir an dea.f, the northern and southern Oirirs. 60 THE DUAN ALBANACH. Tri bliadhna fo cuig gan loiim Ba ri Conall mac Comhghoill. Cethre bliadhna ficheat tall Ba ri Aodhan na n-iol-rann, Dech m-bliadhna fo^ seaclit, seol n-gle, I fflaitheas Eathach biiidhe. Connchadh Cearr raitlie, rel bladh, A. xvi. dia mac Fearchar, Tar es Fearchair, feaghaidh rainu, .xiiii. bliadlma Domhiiaill. Tar es Domlinaill brie na m-bla, Conall, Dunghall .x. m-bliadlma, .XIIT. bliadhna Donihuixill duinu Tar es Dimghail is ChonuUl. Three years five times, without intemiiition, Was king, Conall son of ComgaU. Four years and twenty in possession Was Aodhan king of many divisions. Ten years and seven, a glorious career, In the sovereignty, Eochaidh Buidlie. Connchead Cearr, a quarter, renowned in tame. Sixteen, his son Fearchar, After Fearchar, inspect the jjoems, Fourteen years, Domnall. Alter Domnall breacc, of the towns, ConaU, Dungall, ten years, Thirteen years Domnall donn. After Dungall and Conall. ' Fn is here obviously written in mistake for nr. THE DUAN ALBANACH. 61 Maolduin mac Conaill na ccreacli A. xvii. do go dlightheach, Fearchair foda, feaglia leat, Do cliaith bliadliain ar .xx. Da bliadliain Eachdach na-u-each, Eo ba cabna an ri rightbeach, Aoia bhliadhain ba flaitb iarttaiii, Aiaceallach maith mac Fearchair. Seacht m-bliadhua Dunghail dein, Acus a ceathair do AUpen, Tri bliadlma Miiireadhiogh mhaitb, .XXX. do Aodh na ardflilaith. A ceathair ficheat, nir f hami, Do bliliadluiaibh do chaith Domhnall, Da bhliadhain Conaill, cem n-gle, Is a ceathair Chonall ele. Maolduin son of Conall of forays, Seventeen years legitimately, Fearchar tlie long, behold thou, Passed one year over twenty. Two years, Eochaidh of steeds. He was brave, the king of royal mansions. One year was chief afterwards, Aincheallach the good son of Fearchair. Seven years, Dungal the impetuous, And four to Alpin, Three years, Muireadhach the good, Thirty to Aodh the high chief. Four-and-tweuty, not imbecile. Of years spent DomnaU. Two years, Conall, of glorious career. And four, another Conall. 62 THE DUAN ALBANACH. Naoi m-bliadhna Cusaintin chain, A naoi Aongiisa ar AJbaiu, Cethre bliadhiia Aodha ain, Is a tri deug Eoglianain. Triocha bliadhaia Cionaoith cliruaidh, A ceathair Domhnall drechruaidh, .XXX. bliadliain co na bhrigh, Don churadh do Cusaintin. Da bhliadhain, ba daor a dath, Da brathair do Aodh fliionnscothach, Domlmall mac Cusaintin chain, Ro chaith bliadhaia fa cheathair. Cusaintin ba calma a ghleac, Eo chaith a se is da fhicheat, Maolcoluim cethre bliadhna, londolbh a h-ocht aii'driashla. Nine years, Cusantin the fair, And nine, Aongus over Albau, Four years, Aodh the noble, And thirteen, Eoganan. Thirty years, Cionaoith the hardy. Four, DomnaU of the ruddy countenance, Thirty years, with his vigoiu'. To the hero, to Cusantin. Two years, hard was his complexion, To his brother, to Aodh of white flowers, Domnad son of Cusantin the fair. Reigned a year foui' times. Cusantin, brave was his combat, Reigned six and twice twenty. Maolcoluim, four years, Indolbh, eight of supreme sovereignty. THE DUAN ALBANACH. 63 Seacht m-bliadhna Dubhoda den, Acus a ceathair Cuilen, A .xxvii. OS gach cloinn, Do Cionaoth mac Maolcholuim. Seacht m-bliadhua Cusaintin cluin, Acus a ceathair Macdhiiibh, Triochadh bliadhain, breacaid rainn, Ba ri Monaidh Maolcolaim.' Se bliadhua Donnchaid glam gaoith, .XVII. bliadhna mac Fionnlaoich, Tar es Mecbeathaidh go m-blaidh, .Til. mis i fliaithios Luglilaigh. Maolchohiim anosa as ri, Mac Donncliaidh dhata dhrechbhi. Seven years, Dubhoda the vehement, And four, Cuilean, And twenty seven, over every clann, To Cionaoth son of Maolcoluim. ^ Seven years, Cusantin, listen ! And four, Macduibh, Thirty years, verses mark, Was king of Monaidh, Maolcoluim. Sis years, Donnchad the wise, Seventeen years, the son of Fionnlaoch, After Macbeathadh, the renowned, Seven months in the lordship, Luglaigh. Maolcoluim is now the king, Son of Donnchad, the florid of lively visage, ' Monaidh is applied to great i Mounth ; but it may also mean mountain ranges iu Scotland, as ; Dunmonadh, the capital of Dal- the Monadh liath, the Monadh I riada, and is therefore left un- ruadh, and the ilonadh mor or I translated. 64 THE DUAN ALBANACH. A re nocha n-fidir neach, Aclit an t-eolach as eolacli. A eolclia.' Da righ for chaogad, cluine, Go mac DomichaicUi di'ech riiire, Do shiol Ere ardghlain anoir, Gabsad Albain, a eolaigh. His duration knoweth no man But the wise one, the most wise. ye learned. Two kings over fifty, listen, To the son of Donnchadh of royal countenance, Of the race of Ere, the noble, in the East, Obtained Alban, ye learned. 1 The repetition of the first words of the poem marks its original termination, and the stanza which follows must have been a later addition. CHRONICLE OF MARIANUS SCOTUS. C5 VII. FROM THE CHRONICLE OF MARIANUS SCOTUS, MLXXViii. MS. VATICAN NO. 830, AS PRINTED IN PERT7.. MON. GERM. HIST. SCRIPT. V. .'l. PP. 556-558. A.D. 1034. M.OELCOLUIM Rex Scotise obiit 7 Kal. Decembr. Donchad, filius filise ejus, sibi successit aimis 5, men- sibus 9. 1040. Donnchad rex Scotioe in autumno occiditur (19 KaL Sept.) a duce suo Macbethad mac Finnloech, ciii successit in regnum annis 1 7. 1050. Rex ScottiiB Macbethad Romse argentum pauperi- bus seminando distribuit. 1057. (Macfirdaeg occiditur in Augusto. Lulag successit et occiditur in Martio ; cui Moelcol. successit.) Moel- coluim filius Doncbaed regit Scottiam. (Donchad regnavit annis 5 hoc est a missa sancti Andrese ad eandem et insuper ad nativitatem sancte Mariae. Inde Macfinlaeg regnavit annis 1 7 ad eandem missam Sancte Marite. Lidach a nativitate sanctte Mariae ad missam sancti Patricii in mensi Martio regnavit. Inde Moelcolum regnavit annis 20 usque ad missam sancti Patricii.) GG ANNALS OF TIGHERNAC. VIII. FROM THE ANNALS OF TIGHERNAC, mlxxxviii. MS, BODL. RAWLINSON. B. 488. K. i. [k. ii 501] 1| eaegus Mor mac Earca cum gente Dalraida partem Britannia tenuit -7 ibi mortuus est. K. vi. [k. V. 504] Cath Manand la h-Aedhan mic Gah- rain.^ K. i. [506] Bass Bruidi mic Maelcmi Ri Cruithnech. Bccss Domanguirt mic Nissi Righ Allan}' K. iii [508] Cath Arda- coraind." K. iiii. [520] Buitte mac Bronaig obit. Colamchille natus est de quibus dictum est. Gen chain Colaim an cleirig, Indiu OS Erin eolaig, For aen lith ni radh nuahair, Bas bain huadhaig mic Bronaigh.^ 536 K. i. [534] Nati\'itas Baithine dalta" Choluimchille. A.D. 501 504 505 508 520 TRANSLATION.' ^ The battle of Manan by Aedan, son of Gabrain. ^ The death of Bruidi, son of Maelcon, king of the Cruithnech. The death of Domangart, son of Nissi, King of Alban. " The battle of Ardcorain. '' The beloved Columba the clerk is born, This day in Ireland the most learned, On the same festival, I do not speak ignorantly, With the fair triumphant death of the son of Bronaig. '■ fosterchild. ' The jiassages in Irish are alone translated. The Irish words, cath battle, bos death, Ri king, la by, itlr between, often occur in sen- tences the rest of which are in Latin. It has not been thought necessary always to translate these words. ANNALS OF TIGHERNAC. 67 538 K. V. [537] Comgall mac Domanguii't iJt^Alban obit XXX. suo auno regni sui. 560 K. L [k. ii. 557] Bass Gahrain mic Domanguirt Mi Alban. TeicJiedh do Albancliaib ria m-Bruidi mic Macl- chon Ri Cruithnech.^ 563 K. i [562] Navigacio Columcilli ad insulam Jeetatis sue xlii". 570 K. ii. [k. iii 569] Gillas qiiievit. 574 K. vii. [k.^vi. 572] Bass Conaill mac ComgaUl Ei Dalriada xiii. amio regni sui qui oferavit Insolam Ja Colaimcille. Cath Delgon a Cindtire in quo Duncliadh mac Conaill mic ComgaiU J alii multi de sociis filiorum Garbain cecidorunt. 577 K. iii. [575] Primum periculum Ulad aw Eamain. OaiA locha da Eiges. 578 K uii. [576] Abarversio Ulad de Umania. 580 K. viL [578] Cendaeladh Eex Pictorum mortuus est. 582 K. i [579] CatJi Manand in quo victor erat. Aedan mac Gabrain mortuus est. Feargna mac Caiblene mortuus est. Baidan mac Cairill Ri Uladh obit.s 583 K. ii. [580] Cath Manand in quo victor erat Aedan mac Gabhrau. mors Fergna mac Caiblene agus ise a /hir}* 584 K. ui [k. iiii. 581] Mors Bruidhe mac Maelchon Rig Gruithiicach. 588 K. iii. [586] Conversio Constantiniad Dominum etnix magna. 589 K. iiii. [587] David Cillmuine} 590 K. V. [588] Cafh Leithrig la h- Aedhan mic Gabrain.'^ Obitus Lughdach Lismoir. 592 K. i. [590] Obitus Lugdach Lissmoir .i. Moluoc. f The death of Gabraiu, son of Domangart, King of Alban. Flight of the Albanich before Bniide, son of Maelcon, King of the Cruithne. s Baidan, son of Cairill king of Ulster, died. '' and that is true. ' Battle of Leithrig, by Aedan, son of Gabran. ' Cillmuine the Irish name of Meneria or St. Darnels. 68 ANNALS OF TIGHERNAC. 595 K. iiii. [k. v. 593] Quies Coluimcille in nocte Dominica Penticosten v. Id. luni anno perigrinacionis sue xxxv ; etatis vero Ixxvii. Te- Loii'geclat, ubi Britones devicti. 712 Kl. Ceode Episcopus lea pausat. 713 Kl. Cinaedh mac Derili 7 filius Mathgernan jugulati sunt. Dorbeni Cathedram Jae obtinuit, f v mensibus peractis in prunatu, v. kalendis Novemliris die Sabati, obit. Tolarg mac Drostaiu ligatus apud fratrem suimi Nechtan regem. 714 Kl. Dunollaig construitur apud Selbacum. Ailen na ingen struiljitm-. 715 Kl. Dorbene Abbas lae. 716 Kl. Pasca in Eo civitate commotatur. Faelchu mac ^ Tarachin was driven out of his kingdom. Ferchar I'ada dies. Adomnan brought a law witli him this year to Ireland. 74 ANNALS OF TIGHEENAC. Doirbeni Cathedram Columbe Ixxxvii etatis anno, in iiii kl. Septembris die Sabbati, siiscepit. 717 Kl. Uuncliadh mac Giudfaeladh Abbas le obit. Ex- pulsio familie le trans dorsum Britannie a Nectono rege. Congi-essio Dalriada 7 Britoniim in lapide qui vocatur Minvircc 7 Britoues devicti sunt. 718 Kl. Tonsura Corona super famUiam lea datur. 719 K. Cath Finnglinne itir da mcic^ Fearcbair fota in quo Ainbhcellach jugulatus est die quinte ferie Id. Septem- bris. Cath maritimum Arddeanesbi etir Dunchadb m-becc cum genere Gabrain j Selbac cum genere Loairn j ver- sum est super Selbacum ii Non. Octobris die iii. ferie in quo quidam comites corruerunt. 721 Kl. Duncadh becc Ri Cindtiri mortuus est. 722 Ivl. Maelruba in Apui'croson, amio Ixxx etatis 7 tri- bus mensibus 7 xix diebus peractis, in xi kl. Mai, tercie ferie die pausat. Bili mac Elpliine rex Alochluaithe niori- tur. Feidhlimidh principatimi lea tenet. 723 Kl. Clericatus Selbaigh regis Dahiada. 724 Kl. Faelchu mac Dorbeue Abbas dormivit. Cillenius longus ei in primatuni le successit. Clericatum Eactain regis Pictorum. Druxst post eum regiiat. 725 Kl. Siiual filius Druist constringitur. 726 Kl. Nechtain mac Derili constringitur apud Druist regem. Cilleniis longus Abbas le pausat. Dungal de regno ejectus est 7 Druist de regno Pictormn ejectus 7 Elpbin pro eo regnat. Eochach mc Eachach regnare incipit. 727 Kl. Adamnani reliquie transfermitur in Hiberniam et lex renovatur. 728 Kl. Cath Monaigli cracbiitir Picardaclmib fcin. i. Acn- gus 7 Alpine issiat tuc in cath 7 ro nichaigh ria n-Acngus 7 "-0 marbhadh mac Ailinn andsin 7 ro gab Aemjus ncrt}' ^ between the two sons of. •^ The battle of Monaigh Craebi between the Piccardach them- selves. Angus and i^pin fought that battle, and the victory was with Angus ; and the sou of Alpin was slain there, and Angus took his power. ANNALS OF TIGHERNAC. 76 Cath truadh itir Picardaclmihh ac Gaislen Credhi 7 ro mebaigh ar in Al^nn cetna, y ro bcaradh a criclia 7 a daine de uilc J ro gab Nechtain mac Dcrili Righi na Picardach." 729 KL Tri .1. long Piccardach do hrisidh invis Cuissine sa hliadlma cetna. Cath Broma Dcrg Blathmig etir Piccar- daibh A. Druist 7 Aengus Ri na Piccardach j ro marhh- adh Brust andsin in dara la deg do mi A ughuist.^ 731 Kl. Cath itir Cruithniu j Dalriada in Murbidg ubi Cruitime devicti. Cath etir mac Aengusa j mac Congusa sunt, Brudlieus vicit Talorcum fugientem. 732 Kl. Neclitan mc Derile mortuus. 733 Kl. Bunged meic Selbaig dorindi toisc a Toraigh 7 toisc aile an inis Gumcnnraighe corairg.^ Mureadbach me Ainbh cellaig regmmi generis Loairn assumit. Flaithbertacli classem Dalriada ia Iberniam duxit y cedes magna facta est dels in insola Honie, ubi hi trucidantur viri Concobar mc Lochein 7 Branchu mc Brain 7 multi in flumine dimersi sunt dels in Banna. Eochach mac Echach Ri Bailriada j ConaU mac Concobair mortui sunt. 734 Kl. Tolarg mac Congusa a h-athair fen dia gabail 7 tuc illaimh na Piccardach 7 7V baighcd kosiden h-e.^ 736 Kl. Aengus mac Fergusa, Eex Pictorum vastavit re- giones Dailriata 7 obtiuiiit Dunad 7 compussit Creic 7 <= An unfortunate battle between the Piccardach at the Castle of Credi, and the victory was against the same AJpin, and his territories an Amlain, son of Illuilb, king of Alban, slain by Kenneth, son of Malcolm. " Gofraig, son of Aralt, King of Innsegall, slain by the Dalriads. ° Battle between the Albanich, in which Constantin, son of Cuilindan, king of Alban, was slain, and many others. Donald, the son of Duncan the fair, was blinded by Maelsechnall, the son of Donald. Malcolm, son of Donald, King of the Northern Britons, died. V Malcolm, son of Kenneth, king of Alban, head of the nobi- lity of the whole of Western Europe, died. Suibne, son of Ken- neth, king of Galloway, died. 78 ANNALS OF TIGHERNAC. 1040 Kl. Donncadh mac Crinan Airdri Alban immatura etate a suis ocissus est. 1045 KL iii. f. luan ix. [kl. i. 1. 1 8] Cath ctir Albancho araen- rian mi- marbadh andsin Crinan Ab. Duincalland j socliaighe maillefris .i. nae xx laech.^ 1054 KL iii. f. L xvii. [kl. v. L 27] Cat etir Albaricho 7 SaxancJio in artoitset moran do miledaiby 1055 Kl. L f. L xxix. [kL vi. 1. 28] Maelduin wmc Gillaodran espcoj) A Iban 7 ordan Gacdel clcircib in Christo quievit.^ 1057 Kl. .iL f. 1. ii. m. .1. viii. Lulach Rig Alban domarbadh Golum mic BonncJmda per dolum. Longes la mac Ri Loclv- land con gallaib indsi One 7 indsi Gall 7 Atacliath do gabail rigi Saxan aclit no cor de onaig dia sin. Mac Bethadh mic Findlaich Airdri Alban domccrbad do Mael- colaim mic Bondcadha} 1062 Kl. ui. f. 1. xii [kl. i L 7] Hua Maildoraig comarba Colaimcilli qiiievit." 1072 KL Biarmuit mac Mailnambo Ri Brcatan J indsi Gall J Athacliat y Lcithi moghanuadhad domarbadh la Conco- bur hua Maelsechnaill a Cath Odba j ardiarimthe do Gall "l do Laing uime7 1 Battle between the Albanich on both sides, in which Crinan, abbot of Dunkeld, was slain there, and many with him, viz., nine times twenty heroes. "■ Battle between the Albanich and the Saxons, in which many of the sokliers were slain. 'i MaUduin, son of GUlaodran, Bishop of Alban, the giver of orders to the clergy, died in Christ. ' Lulac, king of Alban, slain by Malcolm, son of Duncan, by stratagem. Maritime expedition by the son of the king of Loch- Ian with the GaUs of Orkney and Innse GaU and Dublin, to .sub- ject the kingdom of the Saxons, but God was against them in that affair. Macbeth, son of Finlay, supreme king of Alban, slain by Makiolm, son of Dimcan. " Maikkiraig Corbe of Cokiimcille dies. ■'^ Diarmcd, son of Malnambo, king of the Britons, and Innse- GaU, and Dublin, slain by Concobur Malsechlan in the battle of Odba, and great slaughter made of the Galls and men of Leinster with him. THE PROPHECY OF ST. T5ERCHAN. 79 IX. THE PROPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN, mxciv-mxcvii. a MS. R. I. A. D0BL. NO. 6. 5. 6 MS, R. T. A. DUEL. H. & S. NO. 221 . J. EI fichid bliadhain o a marac, Ait learn cliraoidh cia raladh, Go n-geine Mac i Rath cro.^ Dia mo Ian Alban i.s Eire. Ba saoith, ba faidh, ba file, Ba eccnuidh mic De neimhe, Ba laoch, ba cleirech, glan, gharcc, Ba mac oighe, ba saccart. Is e bliias priomMhaidh dar meis, Is e nach epscop^ re an eis, Ba Ian Nemh is talamh dhe, Don mhac ga ta tairngaire. Three .score years from to-morrow, Pleasant to my heart what happens, Till the youth .shall be born at Rathcro Of whom was full Alban and Erin. He was a sage, he was a prophet, he was a poet, He was a wise one of the son of the Goil of Heaven, He was a hero, he was a cleric, pure, austere. He was a sun of virginity, he was a priest. It is he that shall be a prime prophet beyond measure. It is he that was not a bishop thenceforth. Heaven and earth was fuU of him. To the youth belongs the prophecy. 1 On margin .i. Colaimcille an \ ^ b has a n-aire epscop, the chief Mac. Columba was the youth. I bishop. 80 THE PROPHECY OF ST. BEECHAK Ni bhia Eire gan eagna, Deis Bhrigde is Pattruig eachtaigh/ Lais in Mac athbuir aimne Anbadh cath Ciila Dreimhne. Marcc Eire ro cliluine in cath, Marco maccu,^ mairg rioghraidh, Marcc saor, marcc daor, marcc daoine, Miiir is tir da eaccaoiiie. Do lar Daire theid in Mac, Colmn, seach CuaUe Ciannacht, Go gcluin tri gaire dia eis, Adbear fria chnrchaii' na adhruis. Loch Feabhail fa thmmaibh cro, Gol na h-eanlaithe ni go, An gaoth fri Dou-e at asfruigh, Ag caoine inn adithrigh. Erin shall not be without a wise one After Bridget and Patrick of great deeds ; With the youth himself was the cause of The great slaughter of the battle of Cul Dremhne. Woe to Erin when that battle shall be heard, Woe to the youths, woe to the kings, Woe to freemen, woe to bondmen, woe to the people, Sea and land complaining. From the middle of Derry goeth the youth, Columba, past Cuaille Ciannacht, When he hears three shouts after him, He speaks with the boatman in worship. Loch Foyle under waves of blood. The lament of the Birds, no deceit, The wind at Derry is furious, He lamenting in pilgrimage. ^ h has Eachtraif/h, .in .adven- i - h re.ails Macn Macha, or Ard- turer or foreigner. | ma.s;h. THE PROPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. 81 Conidh annsiii adbheara, Aittesg fir, nach do chela, Go fras dear dar gruadh gorm-glan Do mhacraidh nimhe is talmlian. Mo ratli in h-I gau chaire, Ocus m'anam a n-Doire, Ocus mo chorpan fo'n leic Fo tta is Brighid is Pattruig. Dom blieraid Aingil a nair Do chum n-Erenn as Albaiu, lonmhain aoidhidh tiucfadh aim As Albain do chum n-Eirenn. Ocus is dearbh leom, cath lii, Ni ba easbhathach in li-I, Gach n-aon la a n-Doire 'na chlais, Ocus i chorp i Lethghlaiss. It is then that he shall speak A true saying, which I shall not conceal, While a shower of tears on his clear blue cheek To the sons of Heaven and Earth. My grace in Hi without crime. And my soul in Derry, And my body under the stone Under which are Bridget and Patrick. ■; Angels shall bear me from the East Unto Erin out of Alban, Beloved the gue.st who shall come there From Alban unto Erin. And I am certain, altho' he comes, That he shall not be wanting in Hi, Every day in Derry in his choir, And his body in [Dundajlethglas. F 82 THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. Adchim Atliair ociis Mac Ocus Spirit chaimh choimhnert, Gair cian conacli tias ar ceal, Daicc iiir in Ailithrech. Maircc Cniithiiigh cos roicfe soir, Da bfestaois an ni da bftiil, Nil- ba samh leis gnr ba righ thair Erinn fa Cliruithnechaibh. Fa gairde bheid da reir thaii-. No tliingfa dar a bhreithir, A trath no chraidhfeadh ui ba righ Fo ciochra Cruithnigli a n-dimbrigh. Ise ced fliear thurgblias tsoir, lar na cliradh do Cliruitlmechaibh, Ba lasair dhearcc, dliiiisfeas catli, In taistearach imneadhach.^ I beseech the Father and the Son And the mild co-powerful Spirit, That it be long till he goes to death, To the pure mould, the pilgrim. Woe to the Cruithnigh to whom he will go ea.stward. He knew the thing that is. Nor was it happy witli him that an Erinaoh Should be king in the east under the Cruithnigh. Short shall he be at their bidding in the ca.st, He will oppose their words. When he shall embitter them, he would not be king Under the ravenous Cruithnigh in weakness. He is the first man who shall possess in the e;i.st, After the vexation to the Cruithnigh, He was a red flame, he awakened battle, Tlie anxious traveller. 1 In margin .i. Aodhan mac Gahhrain. THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. 83 Sceinnfid gai do bliile sciaitli, Lais ba imtheachtaidh a leith, Marcach m eich luaith, ui go, Shirfes Eirinn an aon lo. Tri bliadhua deag, ciim ar clmin, Eri shluagh Cnxitliuech, cain in mhinn, An trath ad bliela, ni ba righ, Dia dardaoin hi Ciiin-tire. Geabhaidh mac do chloinu a mliic Eiglie Alban a los a neirt, Fear bhiaidhfeas baidhbh, blirisfeas cath, Diam bo ainm an Ferbasach. Is e ced Ei gheabhas tsoir D'fearaibh Eirenn in Albain, Ba iar uert gai is claoidheimh lar n-dian bhas, iar n-dian aoidhedh. Darts shall bound from the edges of shields, With him shall go forth his grey men, The rider of the swift horse, no lie, Shall traverse Erin in one day. Thirteen years altogether Against the hosts of the Cruithnigh, mild the illustrious, When he died, he ■was not king. On Thursday in Kintyre. A son of the Clan of his son will possess The kingdom of Alban, by virtue of his strength, A man who shall feed ravens, break battles. His name was the Ferbasach.^ He is the first king who possessed in the east Of the men of Erin in All^an, It was by the strength of darts and swords. By violent deaths, by violent fates. ' The conqueror. The prophecy here passes from Aedan mac Gab- ran to Kenneth MaoAlpin. 84 THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEKCHAK Is lais brectair thaii- na buirb, Tocblait talmhan, tren an chard, Brodlaiim bodbbha, bas, n-airgne, For lar Scoiiie sciatb-airde. Seacbt m-bliadbna deag, dingnaibh gal, In aii'drigbe na b -Alban, lar nar Cruitbuecb, iar ccradb Gall, Adbail for bruinnibb Eirenn. Ba olc bbias Albam de, Cian go ttiucfadb a letbeid, Gair cian conus gabhaidb in Ei, An uiear mbac na Gaillsightbe. Tri bliadbna do ua Ei, Ocus tri mis, cia runhi. By him are deceived in the East the fierce ones, He shall dig in the earth, powerful the art, Dangerous goad blades, death, pillage, On the middle of Scone of high shields.' Seventeen years of warding valour lu the sovereignty of Alban, After slaughtering Oruithneach, after imbittering Galls, He dies on the banks of the Earn. It was bad with Alban then. Long ere another like him shall come. It was a short time tiU took the kingdom. The wanton son of the GaiUsighe.- Three years to the king, And three months, wlio shall number them, ' AUuJes to the stratagem by which the Pictish nobles are said to have been slain. See Giraldus, De I iistructione Principum, dis. in. cap. xviii. - This was Donald ujae Alpin, who reigned four years. THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEKCHAN. 85 Os Loch Adhbha bhias a leacht, Adbail do galar ainfhecht . Nos geabha oicc Ri eile, Mo chion bliias ga arnaighe, Buachaill buaile bo Cruithnech, An finn fada finn-shoichleach. Gnuis treas mebhsad tri catha For Gheiiitibh, glaine datha, Cethramlia catli, catli Liiaii'e, For Ri m-Bretan m-bratuaiue. Mo chin Albain ins n-gebhaidh , Acht is gairid dos meaJadli, Cuig bliadhna co leith, lathair glaiu, Don Ri na Ri Alban. On Loch Adhbha^ shall be his grave,^ He dies of disease suddenly. Another young king shall possess, Happy those who are in expectation, The herd of the cowshed of the cuws of the Cruithneach, The tall fair man, the wine bountiful.^ The hazard thro' which three battles are gained Against the Grentiles, of pure colour, The fourth battle, the battle of Luaire, Against the king of the Britons of green standard. Happy Alban that shall possess him. But short the time she enjoyed him, Five years and a half, of pure vigour. To the king as king of Alban, ' Adbha signifies a palace. It may be rendered the loch of the palace. ^ Leacht means a grave or a monument. ^ The king meant was Constantin mac Kenneth, who reigned, accord- ing to the Pictish Chronicle, ten years ; but, according to another chronicle, only six years, and was slain at Inverdutatha. The allu- sion in the third line I am unalile to explain. 86 THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEKCHAN. Dia dardaoiii na liiintibh fola, For traigh Inbhir Dubliroda. Nos ghebhaidh Ei aile aim, Bee do tliarbhadli nis eomhbraiini, Maircc Albaiii o sin a maeh Dia mbiaidh h-aimn in Dasachtach. Fodh gairde bhias for Albaiu, Ni bhiaidh deighrnis ^ gau argaiii. Mairce Albain lais in n-geille, Mairg al liubhra, maircc a ttiomna.* Naoi m-bliadhna do ina righe Sloiaiifed dioibh, ba sgeal fire, Adbliail gau cMocc, gan chonilina, Feasgul a m-bealacli bodhbha. On Thursday, in pools of blood. On the shore of Inbhir Dubhroda. Another king shall possess it, Little of gain is his portion, Woe to Alban from that time out, Whose name shall be Dasachtach.'* Though short he shall be over Alban, There shall not be a highway without robbery. Woe to Alban in subjection to him. Woe its books, woe its testaments. Nine years to him as king, I shall relate to you, the tale was true, He dies without beU, without communion, In the evening in a dangerous Pass. 1 Tliese two lines left blank in both M.S.S. ^ a reads Deighnnis. ^ a reads aniomna. ^ The ffrce. This epithet is ;i,p])lied by the Dnan Albanach to a later king, Donald, son of C'on- stantiue. THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. 87 lar sin nodas gheabhaidh in Ei, Dia m-ba h-ainm in Tuilti, Ucli ! mo cliraoidh, siar is tsair, Britt do bhreith for Ghaoidhelaibh. Nos gheabliaidh an Britt a Cluaide, Mac mna o Dhun Guaire, Tri bliadna deag, diongiiaibh gail, In airdrighe^ na h-Alban. Conas ragha an Mac Eath, Shuaitlifes for Albain d'aon-fhlaitli, Ba isel Breatain friaa linn, Ba ard Albain chatliair^ bhinn. Is ait learn chroidhe is learn chorp,^ Feibh ro sliloinn damh mo spiorat, Afterwards a king shall possess, Wliose name was the Tuiltigh^ Ah ! my heart, west and east, A Briton shall rule the Gael. The Briton from Clyde shall possess, Son of the woman from Dun Guaire, Thirteen years of warding valour. In the sovereignty of Alban. Till the Mac Rath^ shall come. He shall sit over Alban as sole chief. Low was Britain in his time, High was Alban of melodious cities. Pleasant is it to my heart and body. My spirit relates good to me, ' In a is interlined mire, lord. ^ a reads eathar, ships. ' a reads sport. ^ The floods. This was Eocha,, son of Run, king of tlie Britons, and grandson of Kenneth Macalpin. * Soil of Fortune. Grig, son of Dimi,'ail( This was who is said by the Pictish Chronicle to have reigned along with Eocha, and who died at Dundurn. 88 THE PROPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. Eigh an Mac Eaith iia thir soir, Fo chiochra dochoir d' Albaiii Seacht m-bliadna deag, diongna gal, I n-airdrighe na li-Albain. Biaidh daora leis in a thigh, Saxain, Gaill is Brethnaigh. Is lais fichtir in teach teann, Uch ! mo chraoidhe, ar bhrughadh Eirenn. Biaidh dath dearg atteagh mo 'cheann, Do faoth le Feraibh Forthrenn. Ba olc bhias Albain de, Tiufac dhoibh mo thairngau-e, Deis an Mheic Eaith, vathaibh clann, Do faoth la Feraibh Forti'enn. lar sin nos geabhaidh an Ei Do lar Diiine Duiru, drechbhuidhe, As king the son of fortune in the eastern land Under ravenous misfortune to Alban. Seventeen years, of warding valour, In the sovereignty of Alban. There shall be slaves to him in his house, Saxons, Galls, and Britons. By him shall be attacked the powerful house. Ah ! my heart, on the banks of the Earn. Red shall be the colour in the house before him, He shall Ml by the men of Fortrenn. Bad shall it be in Alban then, To them shall come my prophecy. After the son of fortune, of a prosperous clan, Shall fall by the men of Fortrenn. Afterwards the king shall possess From the middle of Dundiirn, yellow faced. THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. 89 lu Bhaoth as Dun Duim duanach, Cidh adhmhar ni h-ilbhuadhach. Tri bliadna do na Eigh, Sloiniifed dioibh ba sgel fire, Is ann bhias a leaclit an troch Idir Leitir is Claonlocli. lar sin nos geabhaidh in Garbh, Lais babeg brigh mionn is psalm, Ba aistrech Albain lais, Ni thiubhraidh fior for eislis.^ Bia imarcai creach fria re, Fria righe an Ghairbh, cia be, Mescfaidli Albain ima cherm, Ba fiiis fe bheufas beimenn. The Baoth^ from Dundurn of songs, Though fortunate yet not all conquering. Three years to the king, I shall relate to you, the tale was true, The grave of the coward shall be Between Letir and Claonloch. Afterwards the Garbh^ shall possess, With him were shrines and psalms of little worth, Alban was changed with him. He will not deliver what is true to neglect. There wUl be abimdance of forays in his time, During the reign of the Garbh whoe'er he be. Alban will be disturbed on liis account, He was active when blows shall be struck. ceeded by a brother, Constantine, who reigned two years. ^ The rough one. The king presents is not clear. According ] meant is Donald, son of Constan- to one Chronicle, Grig was sue- \ tine, who reigned nine years. ' a reads eis lais. - The iBPcik one. Whom this re- 90 THE PROPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. Traochfaid Gaidhela geala, Fasaiglilid a n-iubhera, Coifed ba briiidhte mairlili, Fri righe au eactaigh a Ghairbh. Naoi m-bliadna do ina Ei, Ag imtheclit a ccoigri, Ciim ar cliiun, for each du, Fri Gallaibh, fri Gaidlielu, Saoifid GaidhQ fris a run, Ar au luircc os Fother-dliun, For bhru tviinne tinne do, Soir, na leabaidh leatlian-chro. lar sill uos gebliaidli Ei, ui clieal, No cliaufad air, cidh adbear, Leath an laoi^ nos geibh, becc ni, Teid ria n -aidhche for nemhni. He shall put down the fair Gael, He shall lay waste their Invers, It shall be seen, they were crushed and skin, During the reign of deed-doing Garbli. Nine years to the king, Traversing the borders. One after another, in every place, With Galls, with Gael. He will ilisperse the Gael for a purpose, At the end over Fotherdun, Upon the brink of the waves he lies. In tlie east, in his broad gory bed. Afterwards a king will possess, I wiU not conceal, I wiU not sing of him, though I mention him. Half a day he wiU possess, a little thing. He will fall before night into nothingness. ■ a reads tan. THE PROPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. 91 Ni mor ro' marbhthar i ccath, Ni dian ar, ni duine bath, Bail as ticc, as eadha teide, Mo uuar ! is taibhse bhreige. Mo chen ! mo chen ! maiseadh e ' Eada ata a ttairnguire, Righ na righ, ni rudli m-braisi, Dianad ainm an Midliaise. Ba lomlan Albain o a la, Ba h-i an riglie fliinn-fhoda, Ba ba caire coimse cath, Seacht m-bliadna ocus da i'liichid. Go mes for chraobhaidh caola, Go ccuiim, go cceol, go ccaomha, He is not great, killed in battle, It is not violent slaughter, he was not a man of slaughter, The place whence he comes, thither he goes, Alas ! he is a false apparition." My joy ! my joy ! If it be he, Long is the prophecy, King of kings, 'tis no rash saying, Whose name is the Midhaise.^ Albau was brimful from his day. His was the fair long reign. He was just, competent to battle Seven years and two score. With fruits on slender trees, With ale, with music, with fellowship, / * a reads ba. i ing to some chronicles, forty, to 2 Who this was does not appear, othevs forty-five, years, and retired ■> The king meant is Constantine to the monastery of St. Andrews, son of Aed, who reigned, accord- I where he died. 92 THE PKOPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. Go nith, go m-bliocht, go m-buar m-bmis, Go nuaill, go nadh, go nerbhas. Ni gheabhaid catha fria a ghnuis, Ba ban gach aigbedh fria dhuis, Ni rachaid rinne triana chnes, Mac an fhir Dia do diles. An tratli bhias deine righ an Ei, lar gcur namhad ar nemhni, Eo f hichfa an Ball dearg iar sin, Cona marbh a h-Albain. Cona iar sin is lor truadh, Fir Alban fa cliosaibh cuain, Amail scuaba lin da m-badhadli, Gan aii'dri gan iomshnaige. Iar sin ro chongair Dia de, Go Eecles for bhru tuinne, With corn, with milk, with active kine, With pride, with success, with elegance. Battles will not be maintained against his face, Pale was each complexion in his presence. No spear shall pierce through his skin, Son of the man, God loves him. When the kingdom of the king was more violent, After anniliilating his enemies. He will fight the BaUdearg then, Till he kill him in Alban. Afterwards are greatly to be pitied The men of Alban under the feet of wolves, like unto sheafs of flax, when steeped, Without a sovereign protecting them. Afterwards God did call him To the monastery on the brink of the waves, THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. 93 A ttig an Apstail theid ar ceal, Ba iodhan an t-Ailither. Is an Albain ard dhrechlercc, Gair cian nos geabhaidh au Bodlibhdercc, Beitt astruigh gradhadh leis, I n-iath aineoil gan eisleis. Nid ba fadhal a righe, Sloinnfed daoibh ba sgeal, fire, La each gacli uair as gaeh du, La Galla, la Gaedhelu. Naoi m-bliadna do na righe, Ag initheact a ceoigrioghe For bhru Duua Foitheir feact Gairfid Gaidhil im a lecht. Nos gebliaidh daigh ri dathrach, Albain dar eis dagh athar. In the house of the apostle he came to death, Undefiled was the pilgrim. In high slope-faced Alban, Short the time Bodhbhdearg^ possesses, There shall be on the strand graduates with him, In a strange land without neglect. No fable was his reign, I shall reveal to you, the tale was true, With each, every time, and every place, With Galls, with Gael. Nine years to his reign, Traversing the borders, On the brink of Dun Fother, at last, Will shout the Gael around his grave. A good well coloured king will possess, Alban had after that a good father. ^ Dangerous red man. This was Malcolm, son of Donald, who reigned, according to some chroni- cles, eleven, to others nine, years, and was slain at Feteresso, in the Meams. 94 THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEECHAK Maircc a naimMe lais a mach, Dianad aimn an t-Ionsaighthech. Bretain, Saxain, maircc fria a linn, Fria a re an lonsaiglithigh airmglirinn Mo glienar Albancha leis Idir Thuaith is Eglais. Ni ghearrfaicUi gearradh aga Albain ethracli f hionn-fhada, Is tuille cuige ro glieibli Do thuaith aineoil ar eiccin, Naoi m -bliadna go leith, lathair n-gle, Doib for Albain in aiixlrigh, I ttigh an Apstoil chetna chaigh Adbail, adbeala a Athair. Da rigli iar sin for Albain Inn dis doibh ac comharoain Woe to his enemies without, Whose name was the Jonsaightheach.' Britons, Saxons, woe in his time. During the time of the Jonsaightheach of fine arms Happy the Albanach with him Between land and church. No severance will he sever. Of Alban of ships of long territories. It is an addition to his kingdom he will take From a foreign land by force. Nine years and a half, of bright fame. For him over Alban in the sovereignty. In the house of the same pure apostle He died, where died his father. Two kings after that over Alban, Both of them at mutual strife, ' The aggressor. This was Indulph, son of Coastantine, who reigned nine years. THE PROPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. 95 Fionn is Dubh ima leith, Maircc dar geabhadh ccoimhrighe. Naoi m-bliadlana doibli na righ, Maii'cc dar geablia a ccomihdhiiie, Ba h-olc bhias Albaiu dlie, Maircc bhias aga ni arnaidhe. Rachaidh Ri dhiobh for fecht fann Dar Muna i Maigh Forthrenn Cia dig nocha ttig for cul Dos faoth Diibh na ttri n-dubhrann Nos geabhaidh an Fionn, da eis, Albain, iar m-beith fo aiudeis, Go teacttain deinais aga Albain ettroctt fliionn-foda Leclit an Fliinn for bhru tiiinne Tinnfes rinn, Fionn and Dubh' together, Woe ! who took them iu joint reign. Nine years for tliem in their reign, Woe ! ■wlio took them in joint sovereignty, It will be bad for Alban then. Woe ! those who were in expectation. One of the kings shall go upon a weak expeiiitidu Over Munna to Magh Fortrenn, Who goes wUl not turn back, Dubh of the three black divisions fell. The Fionn wiU possess, after him, Alban, after being under affliction, By right of violence he holds Alban the splendid, fair, and long. The grave of Fionn on the brink of the waves, A spear shall sever, ' The White, the Black. Fionu | of Malcolm ; they each reigned seems to be intended for CuUeau, j four years and a half, son of Indulph, Dubh is Dul>h, son ] 9G THE PROPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. A n-iath aineoil ar ttaighidli, Ba le Brethnaigh a bhith aidhidh. Albain gan ri o shin a macli Conus gabhaidh an Fionnghalach, Maircc, maircc a naimhde aga, Maircc a gcairde go foda. Do bhera for chach baoghal, Ni ba faigside a saoghal, Ceithre bliadlma fichid, iar fior, Is e a remhes an Airdri Ace argain Gaidlieal na taigh, Cinn ar chinn fria bliiodhbha. Fo cingfe ceim, ni chomhaigh, Go Maigh-sliabb an mhoir Mhonaidh, Gairfid Gaidhil ima chenn Ba h-e a aidhe a fhoirchenn. In a strange high valiant land, It was by the Britons shall be his death. Alban without a Iving thenceforth Till the Fingalacli' shall posse.ss. Woe ! woe ! his enemies witli him, Woe ! his friends afar off. He brings upon every one peril. Not shorter was his life, Four and twenty years, of a truth, Is the power of the sovereign, Plundering the Gael in their liouses, One after another with his enemies. He will bend his steps, no neighbourly act. To Maghsliabh at the great Monadh, The Gael will shout around his head, His death was the end of it. ^ The fratricide. This was Kenneth, son of Malcolm, who reigned twenty-four years. THE PROPHECY OF ST. BEECH AN. 97 Nos geabha Ei, iia ba righ, Albain dia eis ba nemhni, Ba e an fann dar eis an treoin, Cidh fior no raidhedh mo blieoil. Ei CO n-aithis uachtaii' cinn, Mairg Albain fria ghairid linn, Beid fir faona imbe, I n-iath Scoine sciath-bhinne. Bliadhain go leith, lathar n-gle, Ba h-e sin a Ian righe, Do ghabhail Gaidheal, teid ar ceal, Do faoth, do thuit a mhuiutir. Ferfaid a n- Albain mor catha, Ei aithes cinn claoifid datha, A ccoman catha ba h-e, De Sruthlinn frisi n-abar Toe. A king shall possess, who was not king, Alhan after him was nothing, He was feeble after the strong, Though true what my mouth will say. A king with reproach on the top of his head, Woe to Alban through his short time. Men will be feeble around him In the land of Scone of sounding shields. A year and a half, bright the deeds, That was his full reign. Seizing the Gael, he goes to death, He fell, they fall his people.^ A great battle shall be fought in Alban, With the shame of his head colours shall be changed, The leader of the hosts was he Of Sruthlinn which is called Toe. ' This king was Constantine, I and a half. The alhiaions are very son of Cuilean, who reigned a year I obscure. G 98 THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. Nos geabhaidh an Donn dhailfes graicc, ScaoHfes catha a Saxanchaibh, lar lo chatha nos gheablia, Meabhra leam a airdsgela. Ba labar i righe shoir, Fo gairde bliias for Albain, Ba iieartmhar fri a naimhde a macb, In Donn as Dunchath cruadhacb. Ocbt m-bliacbia go leith, latbar n-gle, Donl Donn i n-airdri Fo gairde go ttisad fris Mo nuar Gaidhil do ritbes. Condreaccaid Gaidbil imme, An lo no mairbhfid linne, Na ligbe cro eidir da gUenn Ni cian o bbrmnnibh Eirenn The Donn 2 will possess who will dispense steeds, He will scatter hosts of the Scoxons, After the day of battle he will possess, I remember the high tale. Told is his reign in the east, Short shaU it be over Alban, Great strength was against his enemies without, The Donn from strong Duncath. Eight years and half, bright the deeds. To the Donn in the sovereignty, 'Twas short till they came against him, Alas ! the Gael again. The Gael gathered around him. The day in which he will be killed by us, At his stone of blood between two glens Not far from tlie banks of the Earn. ' a inserts linne before Don. I son of Kenneth, sou of Dubh, who - The brown one. This was Grig, | reigned eight years. THE PEOPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. 99 lar sin nos geabhaJh Albain ard, Cathach, rathach, raidhid baird, Craoidlie fergach fheras cath, Dianid ainm an Forranach. Ba dath lana fir dhomhain de, Aingil ga ttu tairngire, Tromcliatliacli tuaithe tinne, Daigh-ri dherccfas dercc rinne. Mac mna Laighean learn tre catli, An fordhercc, an Forranach, Biodbha Bretan, badhudh Gall, Loingseach He ociis Arann. Mace bo bronn as brugh Lifle, Ba dearg slioclit a luaith chreiche, On cliu is as Albain uile, Lais teidsead Gaidhil glan uile. Afterwards shall possess high Alban, A warrior, fortunate, praised of bards, A wrathful heart which fights the battle, Whose name is the Forranach.* The men of the world were full of good of hiin, Angels are prophesying of him, Heavy warrior of a strong people, A good king who will redden red spears. Son of the woman of Leinster, strong thro battle, More excellent, the Forrannach, Danger of Britons, extinction of Galls Mariner of He and Arann The son of the cowbreast from the banks of the LifFy, He was of the red race of swift spoil, A wolf-dog who shall eat up all Alban, With him shall come all the pure Gael. • The oppressor or destroyer. This waa Malcolm, son of Kemieth, who reigned thirty years. 100 THE PROPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. Deich ccatha meibhsed roimhe, Aingil ga ttu tairnguire, Coig bliadna triochadh a re For Albain in aii-drighe. Cos in la teite don chath, A ccomhdhail na bfionglialacli, Do luaith leim maidne Mona, Maircc Alban na n-er cbomhair. Do faothsad Gaidhil san gcath, Dreifid re sin Fhoirranach, Mairg cos rig, maircc cos teidi Sloinnfed dibh ni sgel breige. Ba h-olc tra bhias Eire de Ricfidh chuca in f haistine, La each uair as gach du, La Gallu, la Gaoidhelu. Ten hosts were defeated before him, Angels it is that prophesy, Five years and thirty his time Over Alban in the sovereignty. Till the day he goes to the battle, At the meeting of the fratricides, To the quick morning leap of Monaigh, Woe to Alban over against him. The Gael will fall in the battle. They wiU contend with the Forrannach, Woe to whom he comes, woe to whom he goes, I will reveal it to you, no false tale. Bad was the time Eire shall be of him. The prophecy wiU be fulfilled to them, With each time and each place, With GaUs, with Gael. THE PROPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. 101 Nos geibh da eis gan anadh, Ei dianid ainm an t-Oghalrach, Ni ba occ in ri, acht ba sean, Fuithfeas* for ghiallaibh Gaoidhl. Ni leimlithar Albain fria linn, An fhir ilghalraigh, ilbhinn, Meirge dearg oir* dhuisgfes cath, Ba li-e an Seanoir somhartliain. Mo chion Albaiu fris n-geabha, Acht as gairid dos meala, Coig bliadna go leith, lathar n-gle, For Albain in airdrighe. lar sin nos geibh Ei gallrach, Dianid ainm an t-Hghalrach Don ghalar sin adbeala, Ba iad sin a ardsgela. Then shall take after him without delay, A king whose name is Ilgalrach.^ The king was not young, but was old. He will send for the hostages of the Gaeh Alban shall not be defended in the time Of the many diseased, many melodied man. The banner of red gold wiU awaken battle. He was the senior of sufficiency. Happy Alban with his possession. But short does it enjoy him. Five years and a half, bright the deeds, Over Ablan in the sovereignty. Afterwards the diseased king takes Whose name was the Ilgabrach, Of that disease he dies, Such were his high tales. ' a reads suithfes. I ' Much diseased. Duncan, son of ^ o reads deigor. I C'rinan, and grandson of Malcolm. 102 THE PROPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. lar sin nos geibh in Ei deircc Righe Alban ard dreachleircc, lar n-ar Gaoidheal, iar n-ar Gall, Nos geabliaidh fial-ri Foii'threnu. In ruadh ba fionnbuidhe foda, Ba aoibhinn damhsa occu, Ba lomlan Albain shiar, shoir, Eri righe an Deircc dasachtaigh. Fiche bliadbna is deich m-bbadhna For Albain in airdri riagbla, For lar Scoine, sceitMdh fuile, Fescur aidhcbe iar n-iomargain. Iar sin nos geabha Tairbidh, Mac laidh as aedhidh, Ba lana fir domhain de, 'S CO Loch Debhiu a librine. Afterwards the red king will possess Tlie kingdom of high slope faced Alban, After slaughter of Gael, after slaughter of Galls, The liberal king ■will possess Fortrenn. The red one was fair yellow tall, Pleasant was the youth to me. Brimful was Alban east and west. During the reign of Dearg the fierce. Twenty years and ten years Over Alban the sovereign reigned, On the middle of Scone, it will vomit blood, The evening of a night in much contention.' Afterwards the Tairbith^ will possess. Son of death and slaughter. The men of the world were full of him, And at Loch Deabhra his habitation. ' Macbeth. Fichedli, twenty, seems here written iorseacht, seven. Macbeth reigned seventeen years. ^ Misfortune, under this name Lulach seems to be meant. THE PKOPHECY OF ST. BEECHAN. 103 An Fionn, an Donn, dliailfes graigli, Ei as fearr gheabhas Albain, Ba li-e Eigh na Eigh go rath, Ba h-e an brath bmidte biodhbha. Ni rug ben, ni bhearadh soir, Eigh bus mo reacht for Albain, 'S ni gheinfe go m-brath m-brais, Ba mo agh ocus ernas. Triocha bliadhna, seacht m-bliadhna, Is seadh ro shloinn damhsa an fiadhedh, In airdri n-Ghaidheal n-glan, Mo gheanar firu Alban. Ni bhearaidh gai na claidheamh^ Ni theid do rinn na d'aighedh, Ba ir Eoimh Lethu adbela, Biaid" sin a airdscela. The fair, the brown will give love A king the best who possessed Alban,^ He was a king of kings fortunate, He was the vigilant crusher of enemies. No woman bore or will bring forth in the East A king whose rule will be greater over Albau, And there shall not be born for ever, One who had more fortune and greatness. Thirty years and seven years Is what the Lord declared to me In the sovereignty of the pure Gael, Happy for the men of Alban. Nor spear nor sword shall take him, He comes not to the knife point nor to death, It was at Rome in Latium he died. They shall be there the high tales. ' a reads sciaith, shields. 1 ' Malcolm Canmore, who reigned ^ b reads Ba h-iad. \ thirty-seven years. 104 THE PROPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. Mo nuar ! ann' nos gebhadh righe Ceithre oidche is aon mlii, Truagh learn no miiirfeidh Gaidhel, Maircc bhias co a chomh-maidhemh. Nos geabhaidh an Ri ruaimnes gail Mac na mna do Saxanaibh, Ni ba gairid, acht ba fada, Ba lomlan Albain occu. Tiocfaidh^ bliadhain is da bliadhain Sloinnfid dibh uair as diamhair, Ba lomlan Albain shiar is shoir Truagh learn nos mairfe a bhrathair. lar sin nos geabhaidh Domnall Ban, Uch ! Uch ! mo chroidhe aga chradh, Is fria re tiaghaid a nail, Fir Albain do chum n-Eirenn. Alas ! a king wUI possess Four nights and one month. Woe is me ! the Gael wUI slay him, Woe will be to the common joy. The king will possess, casting slaughter, Son of the woman of the Saxons, It was not short but it was long, Brimful was Alban with him. A year and two years will come, I wUl declare to you, the time is dark, Brimful was Alban, east and west. Woe is me, his brother will slay him. After him will possess DonmaU Ban, Alas ! alas ! my heart is pain to me, It is in his time will come over, The men of Alban to Erin.^ 1 Not in b. ^ a rea,Aa jiche, twenty. ' These stanzas allude to the rcigna of Donaldbane and of Dun- can, whose death is said to have been caused by his brother Ed- mund, who reigned after him in conjunction with Donaldbane. THE PROPHECY OF ST. BERCHAN. 105 Ceithre Ei fichid sin, On gced Ei gheabhas Albain Go Domhnall Ban dhailes graigh, Fhagbhas Albain do Gheintibh. Co n-denaid a ttighe 'sa fhos, Fir Albain gan iniarbhos, Ceithre ' Eigh diobh go m-brath m-bras For Eirinn in airches. Four and twenty kings are there From the first king who will possess Albau To Domnall Ban who gives love, He will leave Alban to the Gentiles. May they build their houses and their camps The men of Alban without sorrow, Four kings of them for ever Upon Erin in hostility. ' In a, coig, five, interlined. 106 FROM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADEOE. X. FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADEOE, xi. cent. MS. S. HUBERT, AS PRINTED BY COLGAN, ACTA SANCTORUM, 6 MARCH. X lETAS omnipotentis Dei sciens humanam naturam assidue inhiare caducis, iit tandem valeret aspirare man- suris, ex incomprehensibilis et jsterni jure consilij ordinato tempore apparuit cum gratia erudiens nos, ut abnegantes impietatem et sseciilaria desideria sobrie et iuste et pie vivamus, et tersa caligine vetusti erroris, portas vitse cum exultatione intremus. Ne vero ia extrema hiiius exulatus quis patriam petens deficeret. Venite, inquit, ad me omnes qui laboratis et onerati estis et ego reficiem vos. Et ne ignotum iuclioetis iter : Ego, ait, sum via. Quid autem prseniij euntem maneat, ostendit : per me, inquiens, si quis introierit, saluabitur. Huius ergo pactionis promissor, quo ad spem vitte animaret consortes fragilitatis, mortalitatisque nostrse ad iter salutis excitatos, debHitati infirmorum, in speculum exempli assidue proponere voluit ; quorum multi ad justitiam verbo erudentes plurimos, iam fulgent ut stellse in perpetuas seternitates. Plurimi exemplo suorum actuum, ad portam beatitudinis alios appulere, atque in domo Dei, qui ubique pro se laborantibus hilaris remxme- rator occurrit, ut eorum quisque potuit insudavere. Verum quia nostri iam ajvi inertia, quibus ex iniquitatis abmidantia refriguit charitas, usque adeo detorpuit, ut non modo collaboret, aut laborantes attendat, sed nee oUm in vinea nostri Patris-familife laborantium actus, qui nobis solatio conscripti sunt, perscrutari curet ; indeficiens largitas Dei semper invenit quos prteferat, uti si priorum negligimus lectionem, prtesentium excitemur visione. Quorum, videlicet, monumentum bonorum operum, et si cohors imitatores habet decorum est habeat scriptores. FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADROE. 107 qiiia mauus Domini non erit invaUda, ut per id aliquando aliquos suae servituti adjiciat, in hoc insistentibus mercede ffiternse re nunc rationis salua. Quani mrdti appetentes, ad profectu, in quos fines sseculorum devenerant, non tantum visa sad audita transmittentes, in domo Dei, aurum, argentum, lapides pretiosos, obtulerunt. Et nos qui piles capraruin vix consecuti sumus, ad htec applicuerunt, ut si imitandos sequi tardi simus, tamquam si csecus iter monstrare velit, aliquem qui imitari debeat et possit, de- scribere audeamus : et si diu' non valeamus, olim volen- tibus et valentibus styli materiam prsebeamus. Pactolus igitur Asiaj fluvius, Choriam, Lydiamque re- giones dividit super queni Chorischon urbem manus antiqua fundavit ; cujus incolse lingua et cultu nationeque GrjBci, multimodi laboris negotiis serviebant. Quorum obtentu navibus conscensis per Pathmos Abidosque, HeUespouti Insulas, Tliraciam superiorem devenerunt : opulentiaque regionis capti, patriam repedarunt : nee midto post constructa classe cum conjugibus et liberis univer- saque supellectili, junctis sibi Pergamis et Lacedemoniis, ut cupitam terram possessuri peterent delegerunt. Jam ingressis HeUespontum exoritur aquilo cui frustra reni- tentes, eis Ephesus et Melos insulse devolvuntur : sicque Ortigiam translegentes secus Cycladas insulas per mare Curpaticum, Cretam incurrisse mirati simt. Unde spe patriae, conscensa classe, vulturno a prora exorto, in SicLaum siaum detorquentur : moxque ut mare magnum Affriciun devenissent, nisi nimia vi ventorum acti, later Corciam et Inclytam, qui, mirum dictu, Isesis oculis prse- bent niedelam furibus afferunt csecitatem ; per GaUicum pelagus, lUirios sinus errantes intrassent Quid enim facerent ? Sol occiiltaverat, lima et astra, profusa caligine damnaverant diem. Nusquam erat terra, hyems liorrida cselestibus, ut ita credas, terrenas miscuerat undis, ut, antique redeimte, chaos omnia crederes miscuisse. Ablata erat miseris spes vivendi : quis enim tanta eerum non hor - ' Dine in orig. 108 FROM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADROE. reat pericula ? Nam neque ^Eneas aut Ulisses, quos his- toriae tradunt pliirima pertulisse, tanta perferre potuerunt. Itaque lUiricos exeuntes fluctus, inter Baleares insulas devecti, Ebusum Hispanicum intraverunt. Nee multo post per Gaditanas undas occidentale pelagus ingressi, appulsi sunt, rupibus qute visus liominum alti- tudine excedentes, antiqui erroris fama, columnaj Herculis dictae fiierunt. Hinc illinc AfPrico vento exurgente post immensa pericula in Tyle ultimam detorquentur : ibi vero superno intuitu, qui futiu-a, miseratione, vocabo, inquit, non gentem meam, gentem meam, et non miseri- cordiam consecutam, misericordiam consecutam ; Ventos compescuit, sequora placavit. Tunc quo venissent quia nesciebant, aliquantisper recreati aliquando refectis navi- bus ut gentiles se fortune, vela ventis, classem Neptuno committunt, et Deo jubente tandem prospero cursu juxta Cruachan feli, montem Hibemiae applicuenmt. Crassus Chaldseam in suo sanguine cruentaverat : Magnus Pompeius Reipublicfe urbis consulebat : Julius Cccsar Gallos rebeUes septennali congressione damnabat. Igitur ad terram egressi, ut moris est, situm loconmi, mores et habitum hominum explorare, gentem Pictaneorum repe- riunt. Cloin urbs est antiqua Hibernise, super Synam iluvium; liujus habitatores advenientium naves succendere volentes mox amiis devicti privati sunt : post vero Choris- chii videntes terram lactis et mellis fertilem frequenti congressione insulanos illos debellantes Artmacham Metropolim, totamque terram inter lacus Erne et Ethioch invaserunt, longe lateque diffasi : Celdar civitatem, Corach quoque Muminensium urbem ceperunt. Jamque consor- tati Benchor Vllidiae urbem obsessam intraverunt. Fluxerunt [alijquot anni, et mare sibi proximum trans- fretantes Eueam insulam, qure mmc loua dicitur, repleve- runt. Nee satis, post pelagus Britannise contiguum perlegentes, per Rosim amnem, Rossiam regionem manse- runt ■} Rigmonath quoque Bellethor urbes, a se procul ^ Manserunt probably for invaseiuiU. FROM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADEOE. 109 positas, petentes, possessuri vicerunt ; sicque totam terram suo nomine Chorischiam nominatam, post cujusdam Lacedemonii ^nese filium nomine Nelum, sen Niulum, qui Princeps eorum fuerat, at olim ^gyptiam conjugem beUo meruerat, nomine Scottam, ex vocabnlo conjugis, patrio sermone depravato, Scotiam vocaverunt, atqiie post annorimi curricula, per beatum Patricium, armis induti fidei, Christo Domino colla submiserunt ; quorum multi fuere, qui legitime in stadio fidei decertantes, seternse remunerationis pabnam adepti, in sacrario Divinitatis laureati, Christo assistunt. Sed quia beati eorum actus, proprias repleverunt paginas, ne alieno labori onerati^ simus, quae nota siuit supersedenda judicavimus. Quoniam vero in ignem semel manum externae gentis viros describendo, misimus ab eis minus recedentes. Meet inculto sermone filium ecclesise novellam olivam, ortam in campis sylvce statuere promisimus. Eegii igitur sanguinis, opibus eximiis vu- quidam nomine Fait- each fuit, qui divitiis et nobUitate similem sibi sortitus est conjugem, nomine Baniam, quae in flore juventutis suse ex priore viro suo filios susceperat, sed post huic conjuncta sterUis permanebat. Unde post multa sanc- torum sufPragia, quse ad piissimas Dei Omnipotentis aures admoverat Beati Columbani, cum viro suo adivit merita ; nee suo vote est frustrata, namque cum ad sepulchrum ejus, cum jejuniis et orationibus pemoctassent vix obdor- mierunt, et singulas se tenere candelas cum lumine indis- similiter videbant, quas cum attenderimt Isetantes, subito in unum lumen compactas mirabantur : et ecce vir prae- clari habitus apparuit, tuae, inquiens, mulier, meam infe- cerunt stolam lachrymse et in conspectu Dei astiterunt preces ; et qui oranti Annae concessit Samuelem, peten- tique Jacobo conceptimi dedit Eebeccae, jussit ut concipias et parias filium, nomine Kaddroe, futurum lumen Eccle- siae, qui juxta nominis sui virtutem [habuit]. Bellator in castris Domini invictus ascendet ex adverso opponens ' Oneri in orig. 110 FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADROE. murum, paratus stare in prselio pro domo Israel. Somno itaque excitati, cum gratiarum actione congratulantur visioni, nee incerti de promissa misericordia domum cum exidtatione redeimt ; quod talem suscepturi essent prolem, fit commune gaudium. Interea concepit muUer et peperit filium cui juxta Domini mandatum, Kaddroii imposuit vocabulum. Fama nati pueri finitimas repleverat regiones ; ut moris est patrias, accurrit vulgus nobUe, diversum sexu et letate, avidus puerum educare. Mater ergo tantorum nobilium potentiuni cavens, scilicet, iiiimicitias, cui Deus juberet dari, respondit se subtrahere non posse. Forte strato decubuerat, cum illi inter tantos somnus obrepsit, vixque leniter per membra diffusus videre fecit quasi domimi circumvolasse accipitrem, et omnibus semotis matrons ciijusdam vertici insedisse. Expergefacta, dehinc circum- stantibus, quid viderit, narrat. Tunc vero communi omnium considtu, matronte nutriendus traditur. Qui sublatus in domum mulieris atque ablactatus est. Cujus pater jam in tenera indole futuram pr;T3sentiens iudus- triam ssecularibus rebus innutrire tentabat. Erat autem pueri patruelis, Beamis nomine, ab ineunte fetate Christi gaudens, servitute, pervigil in ora- tionibus, eleemosinis intentus, servator sui : qui, si fieri posset, omnes ad Christum trahere volens, conversus ad Deum pro pueri salute totis incubuit precibus : mox Divina dementia affuit, atque in visu senem, a patre puenmi ad scholas reposci jussit. Paruit senex, et viro, super negotio convenit. Abnegat ille et senem quasi eiTantem risit; denuo vero rem repetere jussus, patrem pueri repetivit, mandata pandit, utque puer ei, qui dederat, reddi debeat insistit. Tunc homo aegre se feiTC a vii'o impor- time infestari, qure nolebat reposci, senem errare judicio, noil posse se amittere filimn sibi per repromissionem in senectute matris generatum, baculum senectutis parentum, qiiem tanta familia expectabat Dominum. Itaque sene recedente sine effectu, visitavit Domi- nus matrem pueri, concepitque iterum et genuit filium FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADEOE. Ill nomine Mattadanum, adjecitque Dominus admonere senem, vade, inquiens, die patri pueri ; age homo, repeto abs te puerum, jussus a Deo, qui tibi substituit alteram illius loco : qui si noluerit, die illi imminere iram Divinse animadversionis. Nee mora virum adiit pro re allo- cuturus. Cui renuenti ; adquiesce, inquit, ne contra- dicentem te invadat districtio supemse ultionis. Quod si me non jussum ex meo dicere adscribis, imminentis tibi irse indicio, equus, qui tibi melior est, moritur. Mira velocitas. Adliuc volvebantur ia ore senis verba, cum puer stabularius interitum nunciat. Quo audito irruit viro terror, diriguitque et calor ossa reliquit. Tandem viro Lllachrymans licet invitus cum matre pergens ad tumulum Beati Columbani, infantem Deo qui petebat af- ferens, seni prsedicto nutriendum tradidit. Susceptimi igitur puerum senex curavit atque in Divina lege, ut potuit erudivit. Jam infantia emerserat, et adolescentise proximus, acris ingenii acie coaevos prjeibat. Interea quidam pestifero spii'itu agitati, nutritores oUm infantis devastabant. Qui virium resistendi inhabiles, adolescentulum adeunt, suse miserise querimoniam pan- dunt. Moris namque est patrife, ut, si qui nobilium infantem nutriant, deinceps non minus genitoribus ejus in omnibus auxilium exquirat. Ut autem juvenem in suo adiutorio incenderent ; cum te, inqiiunt, nutrimus si oves vel equos lavassemus, horum lacte pasti equorum vehiculo melius hostium rabiem declinaremus, qui te prresente, prjedse et vastitati sixccumbimus. Forte Beanus aberat cum juvenis commotus arma corripuit; et socios incla- mans, hostes insequi deliberavit : jamque ripse fluminis inundantis trans quern hostes erant, astiterant et navium usus exquirebatur et unus ex munero comitum, ordine clericus custos juveni deputatus, seni reverse rem renun- ciat : tunc vero complosis manibus in lachrymis resolutus, ■bonum te, ait, custodem juvenis dereliqui. Cumque ille non potuisse se resistere satisfaceret ; moras, ait Beoanus, rumpe, et ut me prtestoletur coge. At iUe, cum adoles- centem cseptis non destiturum omnino diceret ; senex 112 FROM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADROE. proferens, quo solebat uti, Evangelium hoc, inquit, defer, et me, ut aperiatur, contestare. Praecedit clericus mandata senis cum signo deferens, et lachrymantem, et contra- dicentem in ripa stare compulit : sequitur Beanus, et causam irse adolescentis exquirit. lUe vero rem retulit, nee sibi aiebat esse posse integrum, ut dolorem nutritorum pateretur manere inultum. At senex ejus efferos animos mitigabat. IIH autem non acquiescenti ait senex ; super hoc ergo exquire ejus voluntatem cui promisisti fidem, et ut scire valeat aperit librum quem ab eo receperat et versum quem primum invenit arripuit ; erat autem : Si quia quod tuum est tulerit ne repetas. Hoc autem cum ei non satisfaceret, denuo revolvit sententiam et incurrit juveni contrarium, quae erat, omnes qui acceperint gladium, gladio peribunt ; tertioque revolventi occurrit : Serve, nequam omne debitum dimisi tibi quoniam rogasti me, omne ergo oportuit te misereri conserventui, sicut et ego tui misertus sura ? Cumque his contradicere non posset, in pace cum viro Dei reversus lectioni et orationi Vacabat attentius. Quadam autem die, festa senex membra stratulo col- locaverat, et Cathroe cum sociis baud procul quiescebat, cum homini Dei virgo apparuit, fulgore vultus fulgorem solis vincens, adeo annosa, ut non eam putares nostri temporis licet videretur juvenis septiformi veste induta, cui quidquid dici et excogitari potest intextum erat. Quam senex miratus, quse et unde esset inquirit. Tunc iUa ego, ait, sum sapientia, quae habito in consiliis et eruditis intersum cogitationibus, et hunc veni assumere juvenem, visu evanuerat ab oculis intuentis, et juvenis amore corripitur discendi ; quem, nisi Sfficularibus, tra- datiir studiis, moritumm putares. Intellexit vir Dei, quod viderat, et paratis quse vise et scholte erant necessaria, adolescentem Hibernife Metropolim apud Ardmacham in pristino disciplinarum se reclusit, non veritus post dogmata divina mundanas Htteras quserere, ut his lucidius cUmatus, quse olim didicerat melius posset examinata proferre, cum legeret Platonem gentium Philo- FROM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADEOE. 113 sophiim fama eximise accitum, ^giptum petiisse, atque cum eodem propheta coloratis verbis unum super omnia Deum, quern ante ignorabat, recepisse. Instruitixr itaque et coieros contubernalesque suos longe prjecedens gymna- sium sapientiae, ipsa ductrice, augulatim percurrebat. Quid ultra ? quod poeta cecinit ; et orator dixit, quidquid philosophus excogitavit expertus, niliil ilium fugit. Quidquid numero, mensura et pondere, tactu et auditu, a quoquam vestigatum est, ebibit : et ultimum astronim occultos tractus et cursus radio doctius Egino, quo nescio an aliquis in cseli hierarchia probatior sit, designavit. Taliterque edoctus, sequore remenso ad Beanum rediit et per totam Scotiam conservis suis triticum sapientiag sibi creditum fideliter erogavit. Licet enim Scoti multa millia psedagogorum liabeaut, sed non multos patres. In disciplinis enim artium hie illos genuit : unde quia labia ejus erudi- erunt plurimos, non sociabatur si afflicto ; nam a tempore adventus sui, nullus sapientum mare transierat ; sed adhuc Hiberniam incolebaut. Lsetabatur seuex juvenem proficere et ad cuncta, quae tentabat, neminem similem habere. Interea prteteribat tempus, utque Dominus adolescen- tem in viam salutis dirigeret homo Dei precabatur : nee longinqua Dei miseratio fuit, qua se in veritate in- vocantes semper audit. Cumque unius noctis vigiliis fatigatus, post hymnos, membra lectulo collocasset, ut saepe mane incfeptus et latus est, somnus subierat senem ; neque pleniter obdormierat, nee pseue vigilabat, sed quandam in extasim raptus ; vidit magnorum virorum fieri conventum, quos admirans, aUquid magni acturos sperabat. Turn illorum unus cseteris reverentior, militiam, inquit, Eegis seterni a saeculis ordinatam augers expedit ; vos, ait, reliquos, ex his qui hie quiescunt, juvenibus quos- dam adscribatis, qui iu conspectu imperatoris, saltus dare debeant. Ille qui venit saliens in montibus, transiliens colles dixerit : huicque qui nos aspicit, quid transilire debeant, ostendere preecipit. Ducitur itaque Beanus et videt tres ten'se defossos specus, quorum primus et secun- H 114 FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADEOE. dus non parvos erunt quantitatis, tertius altitudine nimii horroris, immensse latitudinis. Hnjus xilterior ripa plena splendoris erat et gaudii. Quid sibi hsc velleut non cunctatiu seuex inquirere : responsumque est, lios debere jiivenes transilire si gratiam imperatoris velleut habere : at vero seni, periciilum Catliroe timenti, ne, inquit, magni- ficus ille, vir, paucas : transilient enim, licet dispariliter, sed iste faslicius prtecedet, cui magis times ; et ne caus- sani visionem existimes, quid specus significent attende : primus itaque, rerum est spontanea amissio : secundus patriae relictio : tertius monasticEe vitse exercitatio. Porro ripa iUius exultationis, vitaj perennis perceptio. Disparuit ergo visio et senex excutitur lecto. Non multi post transierunt dies et ipsi a Domino dicitur; Cathroe, exi de terra tua et de cognatione tua etde domo patris tui et veni in terram, quam monstravero tibi et constituam te ducem populi mei atque sustollam super alti- tudinem nubiimi et citabo liajreditate Jacobi Patris tuL Expergefactus juvenis amore corripitur peregrinationis, et relictis omnibus, viam peregrinandi ingreditur. Fama rem vulgaverat, et cimctos divites et pauperes msror et luctus invasit. Accumt omnis setas et omnis conditio, et velut exitium et vastitas totius Scotise appropinquaret omnium laclir}TnabLlis acclamatio : cur nos, Pater, deseris aut cui laboris tui fructum derelinquis ? quare tibi peregre ire placuit, cum omnes advente apud Deum simus : et habitatione cedar incolatum nostrum, te docente, plan- gamus ? prolongaris ? Aspice quassumus fructum quem tantos docendo facere potes et quibus necesse est opem scientise impertire. Nunquid in Joannis visione non attendis, Patris setemum verbum, quid te moneat ? Qui audit, inquit, dicat veni. Motus ergo his fletibus aliquan- tisper ibidem moratus, in semetipsum ipse insurrexit. Propter manabat amnis cursus validissimi ; juxta quem, ut crebro contingit, succreverat moles cujusdam arboris ; noctibus itaque, solo Deo teste, illuc accedebat ;^ ' Accednes in orig. FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADROE. 115 exutus vestibus, in maximi horrores frigoris se mittebat in fiumen ; et ne vi fiuctus prteceps rueret, manu tene- bat, quem arbori cii'cumligaverat, funem ; et tamdiu ibi stabat quamdiu compleret a centesuno decinio octavo, usque ad centesimum tertium Psalmum. Interea ruente hyenie fequora detumebant et pro- positse peregrinationis denuo aggreditur viam. Tunc vero mseror et luctus iterum totam occupabat regionem, atque accurrentibus omnibus, Eex, qui prteerat Patriie, Con- stantinus nomine, hominem retenturas accurrit Parte itin- eris jam emensa, Beatse Brigidse. Cathroe oraturus subin- traverat asdem, cmn e diversis partibus accitum vulgus, nobile et rusticum complevit Ecclesiam. Virum omnes rogant ne deserat patriam. Ad quos Hie conversus, Eegi et omnibus hoc tantum respondit. Vos, iniquit, non de- seram, dum ubicunque fuero, vestram babebo memoriam. Tunc clamor populi attollitur et Sanctorum reliquiis ante exun positis, eorum obtestatione, ut sibi adquiesceret roga- bant. Illo vero si ad hoc, ait. Sanctorum reliquias attuletis ut me a voluntate proposita compesceretis, mecum eorum suffragia petite, ut utrum viam salutis ingressus sini dignentur ostendere. Christus eniin cum reUnquentibus patrem et matrem, fratres et sorores, et sua quaeque prje- poneret ; nihil consilii vestri subintulit. Abrahse quo- que, quia obediens Deo exivit de terra sua et de dome patris sui reputatum est ad justitiam. Frustra itaque Eegi cum plel^e laboranti et maxima qureque promittenti, dum non adquiesceret, parentes ejus moti, tumentesque cum jurgio ; si, inquunt, precibus non valeamus, ferreis vinculis et carcere cohibebimus. Hoc, ait vestrse est potestatis ; verum quamdiu in vinculis ero, nullo modo bibam vel manducabo. Forte cum Eege, Abbas quidam nomine Mailodarius advenerat ; qui, ut erat tequus con- silio, si, ait, virum hxmc a voluntate proposita non valeamus avertere, prout quisque potest, auxiUum viee impendamus, ut remunerationis ejus laborum consortes esse valeamus. Tunc omnes certatim auri et argenti, vestium et equorum adjutoria impendentes, cum benedictione Dei dimiserunt 116 FliOM THE LIFE OF SAINT CADEOE. et Eegis ipsius ducamiiie veiiit usque ad ten-am Cum- brorum. Douenaldus Eex illi prajerat plebi, et quia erat pro- pinquus viri, cimi omui gaudio occurrit, et secum ali- quamdiu retinens, couduxit usque Loidam Cmtatem quae est confinium Normaunorum, atque Cumbrorum, ibique excipitur a qiiodam vii'o nobili Giuiderico, a quo perduci- tur ad Eegem Ericbiimi in Eiu'oacum Urbem, qui scilicet Eex liabebat conjugem, ipsius Divini Cathroij propin- quam ; uude egi'essus Lugdinam Civitatem expetiit atque a quodam sene Heyfrido nomine, susceptus mausit noctu. Itaque per incuriam urbs ipsa incenditur et maxima jam exparte consumpta, quod supererat, victrix flamma lambebat. Tunc vero Deus quid Cathroe apud se haberet meriti declarare voluit. A sene igitur rogatur, ut orando pereuuti succurat. Cui confisus in Domino inter ignem et quod residuum erat currens, conversus ad Dominum dixit : Tibi, Domine, ornere quod est famulatur. Jube ergo terrores sestuantium cessare flammanim. Htec breviter dixit, elevataque manu, retro abire jussit incen- dium. Videres flammam velut vi venti retortam paulatim deficiendo emori. Sic lajtantibus omnibus civitas liberata est. Tua sunt hsec opera Deus, qui gloriosus in virtu- tibus tuis, ad gloriam tui nominis ; qui olim in populum murmurantem, exortum incendium, orante Moyse, absor- beri jussisti, tunc per famulum tuum Cathroe flammis urbem Hberasti. Fama tunc transvolens et totam replens regionem ad Eegem usque, qui in Vindecastra Civitate erat, Hegmundum nomine devenit. Qui continuo accer- situm hominem ad se, venire petit et aliquandiu secum esse rogans ejus coUoquiis delectatus, per Arcbiepiscopum ejusdem urbis, Otthonem nomine, in portum usque, qui hymen dicitur, deduxit. Ibi igitur conscensis navibus, cum in altum irent, vento excito, littori sunt restitutL Putasne, lector, et auditor, Deum noUe ut homo iste mare non transirct. Nonne Paulus ad coronam Eomam navi- gans naufragium, hycmem et famcm vix evasit. TWELFTH CENTURY. XI. METRICAL PROPHECY, mciv-mcxxiv. a MS. COLB. BIB. IMP. PARIS, 4126. b MS. BRIT. MBS. BIB. BEG. 9. B. IX. JtvEGNUM Scotorum fuit, inter cetera regna Terranmi, qiiondam nobile, forte, potens. Eeges niagnifici, Bruti de stirpe, regebant Fortiter, egregie, Scotia regna priu.s. Ex Albanacto, trinepote potentis Enee, Dicitur Albania : littera prisca probat. A Scota, nata Pharaonis regis Egyjiti, Vt veteres tradunt, Scotia nomeu habet. Post Britones, Danaos,' Pictos, Dacosque," repulsos Nobiliter Scoti jus tenuere suum. Facta ducis Celebris, super omnia, Scocia flebit ; Qui loca septa salo junget ubiqxie sibi. Principe magnifico tellus viduata vacabit ; Annis bis ternis, mensibus atque novem. Autiqiios reges, justos, largos, locupletes, Formosos, fortes, Scotia mesta luget.^ Vt Uerilinus * ait, post reges victoriosos, Regis more carens, regia sceptra feret. '' Serviet angligeno regi per tempora quondam, Proh dolor Albania ; fraude subacta sua. Quod respirabit, post funus regis avari, Versibus antiquis prisca sibilla canit. ' h has Danacos. I ^ h read.s Merliniis, which seema " h has ducesqite, I the correct reading. 3 These six lines not in h. 1 ^ /; has grruiit. 118 METRICAL PROPHECY. Rex borealis enim, mimerosa classe potitus, Affliget Scotos ense, furore, fame ; Extera gens tandem Scotorum fraude peribit ; In bello princeps Noricus ille^ cadet. Gallia qiiem gignit, qui gazis regna replebit, dolor ! gemitus ! primus ab ense cadet. Candidus Albanus, patriotis causa ruine Traditione sua Scotia regna premet.^ Posteritas Bruti, Albanis associata, Anglia regna premet morte,^ labore, fame. Quem Britonum fundet Albani juncta juventus ; Sanguine Saxonico tincta inibebit humus. Elumina manabunt, hostili tincta cruore Perfida gens omni lite subacta ruet.* Regnabimt Britones, Albani gentis amici ; Antiquum nomen insula tota feret, Ut profert aquila veteri de turre locuta, Cum Scotis Britones regna paterna regent. Regnabunt pariter, in prosperitate quieta, Hostibus expulsis, judicis usque diem.* Hystorie veteris Gildas luculentus orator, Quem retulit, panio carmine plura notans : Mens, cor, cur capiunt ; lex Christi vera jocunda, Primam cunctorum tibi dat formam futurorum. Draco draconem rubens album superabit ; Anglorum nomen toUet ; rubei renovabit. Solis in occasu leopardi viscera ft-igent ; Vertices et cerebrum Cambria toilet ei. Quo duce sublato, tria ovantia regna peribunt, Saxonie soboli lilia frena dabunt. Vernus Germanici leopardi tincta veneno LUia vincendi fugere presto cadet. Eufrates, et Tigris, Forth Thamesis Ronaque Nilus, Per mundi metas lilia subtus erunt. ' b reads ense. - 6 reads teret. ^ for xiremel morte, h reads terenl peste. * These four lines not in h. ^ The poem in h ends here, and does not contain the conchiding fourteen lines. CONTINUATION OF FLANN MAINISTIIEACH. 119 XII CONTINUATION OF SYNCHRONISMS OF FLANN MAINISTREACH. mcxix. a MS. R. I. A. DUBL. BOOK OF LBCAIN. b MS. BODL. KAWLINSON. B. 512. Oeithri bliadhna 7 ced cath Briain co bas Muircer- taidh meic Toirdhelbaig. Coic ri for Alliain Ms sin i. Donnchad mac Crinain Dounchad mac Mailcolaim. Macbethad mac Findlaecli Lulach mac Micbethadh Malcolaim mac Domichada, ise do cear le Francu y Eduuard a mac. TKANSLATION. Four years and one hundred from the battle of Brian to the death of Murcertach, son of Toirdelbach. (1014-1 119.) Five kings over Alban during that time ; viz., — Duncan son of Crinan, Duncan .son of Malcolm, Macbeth son of Finlaech, Lulach son of Macbeth, Malcolm .sou of Duncan. He was slain by the Normans, with his son Edward. 120 FROM THE WELSH " BRUTS." XIII. FROM THE WELSH " BRUTS," mcxx-mcxxxv. a MS. BRIT. MUS. COTT. CLEOPATRA, B. V. b MS. JESUS. COLL. OXON. LLYFK COCH. C MS. HENGWRT. 536. d MS. HENGWKT. 313. A. JhiBYTAlN yw henw yr orev or ynysset a elwit weith araU gynt Albion, sef oed hynny y weu ynys yssyd ossotedec y r\vng Freinc ac Ywerdon. B. Ac ynydiwet hwu pymp kenedyl yssyd yny chyuanliedu, nyd amgen, Normanyeit. Bryttanyeit. Saesson. Fichtieit ac Ysgottieit. ac o liynny oU nyd oed gynt yny niedu or mor pwy gilyd namyn Bryttannyeit eu lum, yny doeth TEANSLATION. A. Britain is the name of the best of the Isles which formerly was otherwise called Albion, which implied the white island, and is situated between France and Ireland. B. And in the present juncture there are five nations that inhabit it, viz., Normans, Britons, Saxons, Picts and Scots, and of all these, there were formerly none who possessed it from one sea to the other except the Britons themselves, until the Divine ven- FEOM THE WELSH " BEUTS." 121 dwywaiil dial arnadimt am eii pecliodeu ac yn bennaf am eu syberwyt ydarystjoigassant yr Fichtieit ac Saesson ; mal j doethant ac or He y doethant ef ageffir rac llaw. C. Agwedy gwneithur y dinas kysgu a oruc Brutus yiia gyntaf gan Ignogen y wreic, a thri meib ami ydaw o honei, nyt amgen, Locrinus, Camber ac Albanactus. A gwedy gwledychu o Vrutus ar ynys Brydein yn hedy- chawl pedeyr blyued ar ugeint y bu varw, ac y cladpwyt ef yny gaer a adeiliassei e liunan yn anrydedus. Ac yna y rannwyt yr ynys yn deir ran rwg y tri broder, nyd amgen, nogyd y Locrinus canys hynaf oed a ganaf o hen deuawd gwyr groec y lie pemmf, sef oed hynny Lloy- gyr mal y dycho yteruynev o vor Humyx liyt yn Hafren. Ac oy lienw ef ehun y dodes ar y ran Lloygyr. Ac y Albanactus y doeth o Hiuuyr hwnt, ac y dodes ynteu oy henw ehvn ar y ran ef or ynys yr Alban. Ac y Camber y doeth or tu arall y Hafren ac y dodes ynteu ar y ran Kymre oy henw ehvn. geance came upon them for their sins, and chiefly for their pride, they were subjected to the Picts and the Saxons. How they came, and from what place wiU be found in the sequeL C. And after he built the city, Brutus had by Inogen his wife three sons, viz., Locrinus, Camber, and Albanactus. And after Brutus had reigned peaceably over the island of Britain twenty- four years, he died and was honourably buried in the city he had himself built. And thereupon the island was divided into three portions be- tween the three brothers. That is to say, to Locrinus, as the eldest, according to an old custom of the people of Greece, the chief part which is Lloygyr, extending from the Humber to the Severn, and from his name he called it Lloygyr. And to Alban- actus, all beyond the river Humber, and lie also from his own name called his share of the island Alban. And to Camber, the other side of the Severn, and he called his portion Oymmry from his own name. 122 FEOM THE WELSH " BEUTS.' D. JLn oes hwiinw y doetli Eodric breuhjn y Ffychtieit Ssithia allynges gantliaw lift yr Alban a goresgyu yr Alban aoriic. Agwedy gwbot or brenliyn bynny. k^Tiiillan llu aoruc adyiiot yn ev herbyn ac ymlad ac M'yiit yn MTaul, ac ev kymell ar fo gan ev llad.^ Ac yny fo b\\Tinw y lias Eodric acban mwyaf y hi, ar liyii adieng hys ra- wasgaredic llu, wynt a ymrodassant yn gerth yr brenhyn yr caftel ev beneydev. Ac yntev arodes ydunt ran or Alban y presswfiliaw yndy.^ Ag^vedy y chyvanledu onadunt wynt a doethant ar y Bryttannyeit y er^'ynnyeit ev merchet yn wreich ae ydunt, ac nyt oed deylwg gan y Bryttannyeit dywediev ev mercbet ar all- tudion arall wlat beb wybot o ba genedyl yd banoedynt. Ac \vynt yn alltudyon ydunt heuyd. Ac am bynny ev nacbau ar gwbyl a orugant. Agwedy ev nackan wynt D. In his time [the reign of Meuric] Koderic, tlie king of the Picts, came from Scythia with a fieet to Alban, and made conquest of Alban. As soon as the king heard this, he collected an army and went against them, and fought valiantly with them, and put them to flight with slaughter, and in this flight Roderic was slain, with the greater part of his army ; and those who escaped of the dispersed army submitted themselves openly to the king to obtain their lives, and he gave them a district in Alban to inhabit ; but when they had settled themselves, they went to the Britons to ask their daughters in marriage, and the Britons would not marry their daughters to foreigners of another country without 1 b and c insert here : Agwed;/ kaffel Veuric y uudiujohjaetli honno drychauel maen mawr a wnneth yn arvyd haffel o honaw hymi;/ yr wlat a elwit oe enw ef W/'stynmr. Sef yw hynny yghjmraec Gn/s Meuruc ac ynij maen hwnnw yd yscriuenw yt gveithredoed Meuruc irrth r/adw cnfbyth. After Meurxic gained this vic- tory, he set up a great stone as a token of it in the country, called from his name Westymar, I)ut in Welsh Gwysmeuruc, and on this stone there is an inscription to re- tain the memory of Meuruc for ever. 2 h and c add : A r wlat y rodm rfudunt hici/ elicit Katneis. And the country which he gave them is called Caithness. FEOM THE WELSH " BEUTS." 123 a aetliant hyt yn Ywerdon achymryt y Gwydellesseu yn wi'aget yduut ac or rei hynny ' yd hiliws yv Yscottieit yv hynny hyt hediw. E. Dccxxi Ac yny blwydyn honno y bu varw Beli vab Elpliin. Dccxxviii y bu ryual^ Mynyd Carno. Dccxxxvi. y bu varw Owein brenhyn y Pictieit. Dccl. yny vlwydyn lionno y bu ymlad^ rwng y Brit- knowing of what race they were, and aliens they were, moreover, and tliey altogether refuised their petition, and after tlieir refusal they went to Ywerdon, and married women of the Gwydyl, and from them have the Scots descended to this day. E. A.D. 721. In this year died Beli, son of Elphin. 728. In this year was the battle of Mynyd Carao. 736. In this year died Owen, king of tlic Picts. 750. In this year was the fighting between the Britons ' 6 and c conclude the passage thus : Ac or rei hynny kynydu plant ac etitiedyon ac araylhau pohyl. Ar bohil honno yw y Gwy- dyl Ffcliti. A Uyma megys ydoe- thant ac y kynhwysgicyf yn gyntaf yn yr ynys hunn, ac yr hynny hyt kediw ymaent yn ormes heb wynet o dyina. A chynnyt arueitheis i draelhu or gwyr hyny nac or Yssco- tyiet y rei henyt adechreuassajU kynydu ev kenedyl or rei hynny ac or Gwydyl: y peideis a hynny ac ymchoelut y draethu oin defnyd by hun. And their children and offspring increased, and the people midti- plied. This people are the Gwydyl Fichti, and it is thus they came and were first continued in this island, and to this day the host has remained without aoin" from hence. I purposed to relate the increase o£ these men, or of the Scots, who commenced to increase their rate from them and from the Gwydyl. I cease from this, and turn to relate other matter. d concludes it thus : Ac velly yd ymsaassant yr bobyl honno ar bobyl honno a elwir Gwydyl Ffich- dieit a Uyma yr achaws yrj elwir hwynt Gwydyl Fjichtieit ac ymaent etto yn ormes ar Brittannyeit. And thus arose this people, and this people were called Gwydyl Ffichtieit, and this is the reason that they were called Gwydyl Ffichtieit, and they are still a tribe among the Britons. ^ b reads : pan bu brwydyr ym Mynyd Cam, when there was war in Mynyd Cam. ^ b reads : pan bu y brwydyr. 124 FEOM THE WELSH " BRUTS." tanyeit ar Pictieit yr hwnu a elwyt gweith Mecgetawc^ ac yno y llas^ Talargan brenhin y Pictieit. ac yny vhvydyn honno y bu varw Teudwr vab Beli. Dcclx. y bu varw Dyfnaual vab Teudur. DccLxxiiij. y bu varw Cemoyd brenliin y Pictieit.* Dccclvi. y bu varw Cemoji;h brenliin y Pictieit.* Dccclxx. y torret Twr Alclut.'' DccccxliiiL y diffeith^vyt Stratclut y gan y Saesson. Dcccclxxiiii. y kyrchawd Dungwallawn brenhin Strat- clut Euvein. and the Picts, which was called Gweith Mecgetawc, and in it was slain Talargan, king of the Picts, and in this year died Teudur, son of Bcli. 760. Died Dyfnwal son of Teudur. 774. Died Cemoyd, king of the Picts. 856. Died Cemoyth, king of the Picts. 870. The tower of Alclyde was destroyed. 944. Strathclyde was ravaged by the Saxons. 974. DnnwaUawn king of Strathclyde, went on a pilgrim- age to Kome. 1 Maesydawc in b. 2 b reads : y lladainl y Britann- ije.it, the Britons slew. ^ These entries not in b. * h reads : Kaer Alclut ; and adds : y tjan y Paganyeit, by the Pagans. TEACT ON THE PICTS. 125 XIV. TEACT ON THE PICTS, before mclx. MS. TRIN. COLL. DUBL. BOOK OF LEINSTER. JiissiN aimsir sin tancatar Cruthnigh congabsat inber Slane in h-Cendselaig. Eos leic Crimthan chuce ar in leges fuair cb-ui Cruitbnech do do chath fri Tuaith Eidga .i. tuath de Bretnaib. Cach oen for i n-dergtais ba marb 7 nis gaibtis acht iarna nemide. Conid e in leges blegon se ficliet bo mael find do dortud is na h-ettrigib bale iferfaithe in catb. Unde cath Arddalemnacbt. Et do rochratar uile Tuatb Fidba trias in ceilg sin. Co ro gaib Catliian mac Cing do Chruthentuaid nert mor for h-Erinn. Co ros innarb h-Erimon. TRANSLATION. It was at that time [the time of Herimon] the Cruithneach came to Erin and landed at lubher Slaine, in Ui Cennselaigh. Crimthan allowed them to settle in his territory on account of the remedy which the Druid of the Cruithneach discovered for him for making battle with the Tuaith Fidga, viz., a people of the Britons. Every one whom they wounded was sure to die, and they used no other than poisoned weapons. And the remedy was to spill the milk of six score white hornless cows into the furrows of the place on which the battle was to be fought, whence the battle of Ardleamnachta. And the whole of the Tuath Fidhbha were cut off through that artificr. And Cathluan, son of Cing of Cruithentuath, acquired great power over Erin, and Herimon banished him. 126 TRACT ON THE PICTS. Is audsin tanic Cniithneclaan mac Cinge do cliuingid ban for h-Erimon. Co tarat h-Erimon do muaa na fir ro batte oc na Diimacliaib .i. Bres 7 Brois 7 Buagne. Et rath grene 7 esca forra co na bad lugii ro gabtba ferand o feraib i Crmthentuaith quain mnaib co brath. After tliat, Cruithnechan, the son of Cing, came to beg for wives from Herimon. And Heiimon gave him the wives of the men that were drowned at the Dumachs, viz., Breas, and Broes, and Buagne. And they were obliged to give the sun and the moon as guarantees that not less should territorial succession be derived from men tlian from women for ever. TEACT ON THE TRIBUTES PAID TO ULSTER. 127 XV. TRACT ON THE TRIBUTES PAID TO BAEDAN, KING OF ULSTER, before mclx. « MS. TKIN. COLL. DUEL. BOOK OP LEINSTER. b MS. K. I. A. DUEL. BOOK OF BALLIMOTE. C MS. B. I. A. DUEL. BOOK OF LECAIN.^ d MS. BODL. RAWLINSON. B. 506. e MS. BODL. LAUD. 610. I3a rig h-Erenn j Alban Baetan Mac Cairill. Giallais Aedan mac Gabrain do irrois na rig i Semiiivi. Is do ro cet icbrith cbisa Miiman do fo thuaid — Is mor do milib fichet Duin Baetain illetet. Is cian do thii-, laar do muir Etarrii is Imlech Ibair.^ (Cid misi o Eaith chruachan chain Tanic sund rem dligeadaib TKANSLATION. Baed.in son of Cairill was king of Erin and Alban. Aedan son of Gabran submitted himself to him at Ross ua Eigli in Seimhniu. Of him was said when he was taking the tribute of Muuster nortliwards — Many score of miles From Dun Baetan in Letliead, And much of land as of sea Between it and Imlech Ibhair. Even I from Rath Cruachan the pleasant Who liave come with my tributes, '• What is contained within jiar- enthesis is in c only. '' c reads : — Fota do thir, cian do muir Uaind siar co h-Imleach Ibair Far of land, much of .sea From us west to Imlech Ibar. 128 TRACT ON THE TEIBUTES PAID TO ULSTER Is fota m-agaid iar praind, An-dun Baedain meic CamU. Cid misi thanic o Sci, Do ruaclitus fo di sa tri A coimed set ro clai dath ; Is aduar in t-Albanach. Caeca, seasgad, fil fon lind Iter Manaind is Erind Fil siind nonbar ro saig nem, Is uamon a u-ailithir. Cid misi o sleib Elpa, At cormacus mor n-eaccra ; Tucus mor n- arcaid is n-oir, Cen CO fuaris onoii'. Is mor) Et is leis glanta Manand (o gallaib conad re n-Ulltaib Long is my face after dinner In Dun Baedan of the son of Cairill. Even I who have come from Sky, I have come twice and three times To convey gems of varying hue, The Albauach feels neglected. Fifty sixty are on the water. Between Manand and Erin, Here are nine who seek for heaven And sorrowful is their pilgrimage. Even I from the Sliabh Elpa I have seen great dangers I have brought much silver and gold. Although I have received no honour. And it was by him Manand was cleared of the Galls, so that TRACT ON THE TRIBUTES PAID TO ULSTER. 129 a for flaithius o sin ille) 7 issind dara bliadhna iar 11a ec dolleicset Gaedil Manaind. its sovereignty belonged to the Ultonians thenceforth, and the second year after his death, the Gael abandoned Manand.^ 1 Baedan died, according to Tigliernac, iu the year 5S1 ; and in 583, tlie second year after his death, he records the battle of Manaud by Aedan, king of Dal- riada, evidently connected with the above events. 130 CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS. Fol. 2fl. verso. XVI. CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS, mclxv. MS. COLB. BIB. IMP. PARIS. 4126. CRONICA REGUM SCOTTORUM. CCC. ET IIIJ. ANNORUM. Jb ERGUS filius Eric ipse fuit primus qui de semine Chonare suscepil regnum Alban, id est, a monte Drnmalban usque ad mare Hibernie et ad Inchegal. Iste rcgnavit iii. annis. Doniangrat filius ejus v. annis. Congel filius Domangrat. xxxiii. Goueran frater Congel xxii. annis. Conal filius Congel xiiij. annis. Edan filius Goueran xxxiiij. annis. Eochod flavus filius Edan xvi. annis. Kinat sinister filius Conal iij. mensibus. Fercar filius ejus xvi. annis. Dovenald varius fiUius Eocliid xiiij. Fergar longus xxi. Eoclial liabens curvuni nasuni filius Donegartli filii Doneual varii iij. Arinchellac filius Ferchar longi i. anno. Ewen filius Ferchar longi xiii. Murecliat filius Arincliellac iij. annis. Ewen filius Murcerdach iij. Edallnis filius Eochal curvi nasi xxx. Fergus filius Hedalbi iij. Seluach filius Eogan xxiiij. Fochal venenosus filius Edalbi xxx. CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. 131 Dunegal filius Seluach vii. Alpin filius Eochal veneuosi iij. Kynedus filius Alpini priaius rex Scottorum xvi. Dolfnal filius Alpini iiij . Constantinus filius Kinet xx. Hed filius Kiuet i. anno. Grig filius Dunegal xii. Duneval filius Coustantini xi. Constantinus filius Hed xxv. Malcolin filius Dimeuald ix. Indolf filius Constantin ix. Duf filius JMalcolin iiij. annis et vi. mensibus. Culen filius Indulf iiij. annis et sex mensibus. Kinet filius Malcolin xxii. annis et ii. mensibus. Custantin filius Culen. i. anno et iiij. mensibus. Chinet filius Duf. i. anno et dimidium. Malcolin filius Kinet xxx. Hie magnum bellum fecit apud Carrun. Ipse etiam multas oblationes tam ecclesiis quam clero ea die distribuit. Macbeth filius Findleg xvii. Lulac nepos filii Boide iiij mensibus et dimidium. Malcolin filius Dunecan xxxvLi. et dimidium et iiij. mensibus. Hie fuit vir Margarite regine filie nobilissimi.^ Matildis et Marie, sui generis celsitudinem conjugio.morum ingenuitate, scientie magnitudine, rerum temporaliura larga in pauperes et in ecclesias dispensatione decenter orna- verunt. Matildis enim matrimonio juncta fuit Henrico Anglormn regi strenuosissimo, qui de Erancorum exceUenti regum prosapia duxit originem : quorum sublimitas pre- dicts scilicet, et regis et regine ab hoc usque perducta est, ut ipsorura soboles Eomani imperii tenuerunt dignitatem. Eorum namque filia .N. prudencia forma diviciis digna im- perio, imperatori nupsit Eomano. Maria vero lege conjugii Eustachio comiti Boloniensi tradita, regina sorore non minor extitit probitate, licet regina caruerit potestate. Hujus itidem filia strenuum virum comitem Stephanum ' sic. Some words seem here omitted. & 132 CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. sponsiim accepit de regali simul et consulari stirpe pro- genitum. Omitto filias adhuc viventes matres defunctas exemplo propoiio viventibus que cum secidi pompa quod raro iiivenitur divites Sanctis extitere virtu tibus pauperes utriusque sexus cujuscuuque condicionis essent, ac si mem- bra coluerunt Christi, religiosos clericos monaclios stncero amore velud patronos et suos futures judices cum Christo dilexerunt. MatUdis regina kal. maij migravit de hac vita. Anno ab incarnatione Domini MCXViii. sepultaque est hono- rifice in ecclesia Beati Petri apostolonmi principis West- monasterii juxta Loudoniam Anglorum urbem nobilis- simam. Maria autem comitissa ii°. kal. Junii anno ab incarnatione Domini Mcxvi. apud Bermundseiam ex altera parte prefate ui'bis monasterio Sancti Salvatoris in paec quievit ; ubi a domino Petreio admirande sanctitatis viro tunc priore ejusdem loci Cluniacensis sed ad caritatem specialiter pertiuentis gloriose sepulta est. Tumulus vero marmoreus regum et reginarum ymagines habens impressas genus quiescentis demonstrat. In su- perficiem ejusdem timiuli titulus aureis Uteris sculptus nomen et vitam et originem breviter ita comprehendit. Nobilis hie tumulata jacet comitissa Maria. Actibus liec nituit, larga benigna fuit. Regum sanguis erat morum probitate vigebat. Compatiens inopi, vivat in arce poli. Edmvmdus vero frater earum vir strenuissimus et' in Dei servicio, dum vitam ageret pr^-psentem valde devotus apud Montem Acutum in quadam videlicet cella Cluniaccensi que ibi sita est requiescit humatus. Dolfnal frater ejus regnavit annis iii. et vii. mensibus. Duncbad filius Malcolin dimidium annum. Eadgarus filius Malcolin ix. annis. Alexander frater ejus xvii. annis et iii. mensibus. David frater ejus xxx. Erat autem rex David vir piis- simus, in religione catholicus, in principes munificus, in recuperandis basUicis studiosus, satis vigilis, et orationibus in tantum studens ut plus supplicationibus ad Devmi pro- CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS. 133 fusis quam annis bellicis victoriam de inimicis optineret. Eex vero piissimus David multa dona fecit precipue turn edes sacras ubicunqiie in toto regno suo uectate' collapsas conterat,^ pontificibus et patribus ad quorum curam pertinebant ut restaurentur imperavit : adhibens curam per legatos ut imperata perficerentur. Unde sub ejus imperio multa siuit reparata, immo funditur edificata monasteria. Sed he precipue, monasterium puellare Sancte Marie et m[onasterium] puellare S[ancti] N[icholai] et multa alia puellaria et cetera plurima utriusque videlicet sexus virorum et muHerum, quibus veluti quibusdam lichinis totum decoratur Scocie regnum. Que omnia ipse piis- simus David rex magnus auri et argenti ponderibus gemmarumque preciosarum exomavit muneribus, amplis- simis etiam honoribus dicavit ; et insuper, quod preciosius est sanctissimis reliquiarum patrociniis insignivit. Has omnes idem rex potens et piissimus honorabiliter multis excolebat muneribus, sed Mebosensem precipue inter omnes ecclesias et fideliter defensabat et dulciter diligebat et suis opibus exornabat. Ceterum omnia ejus gesta que vulgo narrantur, non sunt hie propter vitandum fastidium legentis pleniter explanata. Malcolin filius filii David xii. annis et vi. mensibus et xiii. diebus. Willelmus frater ejus Ab anno prime WUlielmi regnum Scottorum anni ccc.xv. W iLLELMUS rex rufus filius Henrici, filii David filii Mal- colaim filii Donnchada, qxii fuit nepos Malcolaim filii Cinada, filii Maelcolaim, filii DomnaUl, filii Constantin, filii Cinacha, filii Alpin, filii Echacli, filii Eda-find, filii Echad- ach, filii Echach, filii Domongrat, filii Domnail-bric, filii Echach-buide, fihi Edan, filii Gabran, filii Domangrat, filii Fergusa, fiUi Eire, fUii Echach-muiureniuir, filii Oengus- aphir, filii Fedelinthe-aislingig, filii Oengusa-buiding, filii FedeUnthe-ruamnaich, filii Senchormaic, filii Cruitlinde, 134 CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. filii Findfece, filii Achii'cir, filii Achachantoit, filii Fiaciuch- cathnmil, filii Echdacli-riada, filii Conore, filii Mogalanda, filii Luigdig, filii EUatig, filii Corpre-crampchimi, filii Dare-dorumoir, filii Corbre, filii Admou', filii ConaiTe-moir, fUii Etersceiiil, fUii Eogami, fUii Elela, filii Jair, filii Dedaid, filii Sin, fdii Eosin, fUu Their, filii Eotliir, fdii Eoin, filii Arandil, filii Maiiine, filii Forgo, filii Feradaig, fUii Elela- arami, filii Fiachra, fUii Firmara, filii Oeiigusa-turmig, filii Firce-chairroid, filii Ferroid, filii Firanroid, fiUi Firaibrig, filii Labchore, filii Echachalt-lecliin, filii Elela-casiaclaig, iilu Coiilaich, filii Erero, filii Moalgi, filii Cobthaig-coel- breg, fUii Ugaiae-moir, filii Ecdaig-buadaig, filii Duach- logi'aicli, filii Fiachraig-duadach, filii Diiach-lograich, filii Fiachraig-tollgreich, filii Muredaich-bollgreicli,fUii Semoin, filii Bricc, filii Emidinb, filii Edom, filii Glais, filii Nuadat- fail, filii Elchada-olcliaim, filii Sirna, fUii Dem, filii Demail, filii Eodchada, filii Ogmaich, filii Oengussa, filii Olmo- chada, filii Fiachrach-laibrinne, filii Finergnaid, filii Sme- reta, filii Eiimocha, filii Tigernaig, filii FaUaig, filii Etheoir, filii Jair, filii Dernieom, filii Mele-despain, filii Bdi, fUii ISTema, filii Brige, filii Brigoind, filii Bracha, filii Tlieacha, filii Ercliada, fdii Aldoit, filii Noda, fUii N^ouaiU. liemir, fUii GoildH-glais, filii Neuil, filii Fenius-farsaid, filii Eogani, filii Glunud, fiJii Lanind, filii Etlieoir, filii Jaii-, filii Agmemnom, filii Thri, filii Boi, filii Sem, fUii Mair, filii Esro, filii Aduir, filii Hieridach, iilii Aoth, fUii Sran, filii Esro, filii Bold, filii Eiafich, filii Gomur, filii Jafeth, filii Noe, filii Lameth, filii Matussalem, filii Enoc, fUii Jarech, filii Malalethul, filii Caiuau, fUii Euos, filii Sed, iUii Adam, filii Dei vivi. DESCRIPTION OF SCOTLAND. 135 XVII. DESCEIPTION OF SCOTLAND, mclxv. MS. COLB. BIB. IMP. PARIS, 412G. DE SITU ALBANIE, QUE IN SE FIGURAM HOMINIS HABET, •QUOMODO FUIT PRIMITUS IN SEPTEM KEGIONIBUS DIVISA, QUIBUSQUE NOMINIBUS ANTIQUITUS SIT VO- CATA, ET A QUIBUS INHABITATA. Opeee pretium puto mandare memorie qualiter Albania, Foi. 26. et a quibus habitatoribus primitus liabitata, quibus nomi- .' nibus nuncupata, et in quot partibus partita. Legimus in historiis et in cronicis antiqiioruni Britonum, et in gestis et annalibus antiquis Scottorum et Pictorum, quod ilia regio, que nunc corrupte vocatur Scotia, antiquitus appellabatur Albania ab Albanecto juniore filio Bruti primi regis Britannoruni majoris Britannie. Et post multum intervallum teniporif? a Pictis, Pictavia : qui reguaverunt in ea per circulum mlxx. annorum. Secundum quosdam MCCCLX. Nunc vero corrupte vocatur Scocia. Scoti vero regnaverunt per spacium cccxv. annorum anno illo quo Willelinus rex rufus, frater Malcolmi viri honeste vite et virtutis, regnum suscepit. Regio enim ista formam et figuram hominis in se habet. Pars namque principalis ejus, id est, caput, est in Arre- garchel in occidentali parte Scocie supra mare Hybernie. Pedes vero ejus sunt supra mare Northwagie. Montes vero et deserta de Arregarcliel capiti et collo hominis assimilantur. Corpus vero ipsius est mens qui Moimd vocatur, qui a mari occidentali usque ad mare orientale extenditm-. Brachia autem ejus sunt ipsi montes qui dividunt Scociam ab Arregaichel. Latus dextere partis 136 DESCEIPTION OF SCOTLAND. ex Muref, et Eos, et Marr, et Buchen. Cmra enini illiiis sunt ilia duo principalia et preclara flumina, que descendunt de monte predicto, id est, Mound, que vocantur Tae et Spe : quorum unum fiuit citra montem, alterum vero ultra in mare Norwegale. Inter crura hujus homi- nis sunt Enegus et Moerne citra montem, et ultra montem alie terre inter Spe et montem. Hec vero ten-a a septem fratribus divisa fuit antiquitus in septem partes : quarum pars principalis est Enegus cum Moerne ab Enegus primogenito fratrum sic nomi- nata. Secunda autem pars est Adtheodle et Gouerin. Pars etiam tertia est Sradeern cum Meneted. Quarta pars partium est Fif cum Fothreue. Quinta vero pars est Marr cum Buchen. Sexta autem est Muref et Eos. Septima enim pars est Cathanesia citra montem et ultra montem, quia mons Mound dividit Cathanesiam per mediimi. Quelibet ergo istarum partirun regio tunc vocabatur et erat, quia unaqueque earum subregionem in se habebat. Inde est ut hii septem fratres predicti pro septem regibus liabebantur, septem regulos sub se habentes. Isti septem fratres regnum Albanie in septem regna diviserunt, et unusquisque in tempore suo in suo regno regnavit. Primum regnum fuit, sicut mihi verus relator retulit, Andreas, videlicet, vir venerabilis Katanensis episcopus, nacione Scottus et Dunfermelis monacbus, ab ilia aqua optima, que Scottice vocata est Froch, Brittanice Werid, Eomane vero Scottewattre, id est, Aqua. Scottorum ; que regna Scottorum et Anglorum dividit et currit juxta op- pidum de Strivelin, usque ad flumen aliud nobile, quod vocatmu est Tae. Secundum regnum ad HHef, sicut mare circuit, usque ad montem aquilouali plaga de Strivelin qui vocatur Athran. Tertiuni regnum ab Hilef usque ad De. Quartimi regnum ex De usque ad magnum et mirabUe flumen quod vocatur Spe, majorem et meliorem tocius Scocie. Quintum regnum de Spe usque ad montem Bruinalbau. Sextum regnum fuit Muref et Eos. Sep- timum regniun erat Arregaitliil. Arrcgathel dicitur quasi Margo Scottorum sen Hiber- DESCRIPTION OF SCOTLAND. 137 nensium, quia omnes Hibei-nenses et Scotti generaliter Gattheli dicimtur a quodam eorum primevo duce Gaethel- glas vocato. Ibi enim semper Hibernienses applicare solebant ad dampna facienda Britannis. Vel idcirco quia Scotti Picti ibi habitabant primitus post reditimi suum de Hibernia; vel quia Hibernienses iUas partes occupavere super Pictos ; vel, quod certius est, quia ilia pars regionis Scottie affinitima est region! Hibernia. Fergus fiUus Eric ipse fuit primus qui de semine Cbonare suscepit regnum Alban, id est, a monte Bnm- alban usque ad mare Hiberiiie et ad InchegaU. Deinde reges de semine Fergus regnaverunt in Brunalban, siue Brunliere, usque ad Alpinum filium Eochal. Kined filius bujus Alpiiai primus Scottorum annis xvi. in Pictinia feliciter regnavit. 138 LEGEND OF SAINT ANDKEW. recto. XVIII. LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW, mclxv. MS. COLB. BIB. IMP. PAKIS, 4126. QUALITER ACCIDERIT QUOD MEMOKIA SANCTI ANDEEE APOSTOLI AMPLIUS IN EEGIONE PICTORUM, QUE NUNC SCOTIA DICITUE, QUAM TS CETERIS REGIONIBUS SIT ; ET QUOMODO CONTIGERIT QUOD TANTE ABBATIE IBI FACTE ANTIQUITUS FUEEINT QUAS MULTI ADHUC SECULARES VIRI JURE HEREDITARIO POSSIDENT. Foi. 31. Andreas, qui interpretatiir, secundum Hebreara etlii- mologiam, decoris siue respondens, sermone enim Greco, a viro, virilis interpretatur, germanus Beati Petri Apostoli, clioeres autem ejus gratia,^ secundum Jolianem Evangel- istam primus Apostolus a Christo Jliesu Domino nostro electus ; secundum vero Matheum, Marcimique, secimdus. Hie sorte predicationis aquilonales nationes Cithias. Pictouesque, postreme Achaidas, ipsamque civitatem no- mine Patras accepit. In qua etiam cruci suspensus est ii. kalendarum decembrium, ibique obcubuit, et in qua cus- todita sunt ossa illius usque ad tempus Coustantini magni, fib'i Helene.atque filionun ejus Constantini cum Constante ; quasi spatio ccLxx.tium annorum. In quorum regno a Constautinopolitanis, miro famosoque ductu, inde suscepta, atque translata sunt Constantinopolim, et cum magna gloria et maximo honore ibidem recondita sunt ; et manserunt semper usque ad tempus Theodotionis, chris- tian! imperatoris, spatio scilicet ex. annorum. Tunc ^ divine instinctu Hex Pictorum, nomine ^ A word here erased. LEGEND OF ST. ANDREW. 139 Vngus filius Vrguist, cum exercitu magno consurgens, Britaimicas nationes dexteram ejus insule iahabitantes, crudelissima vastatione interficiens, postremo pervenit usque ad campuin Merc. Illic hiemavit. Eo tempore, omnes pane totius insule gentes, unanimo impetu veni- entes, circumdedenmt eum, volentes eum cum exercitu suo peuitus delere. Altera autem die, evenit Eegi pre- dicto, cum septem comitibus amicissimis, ambulare, et circumfulsit eos divina lux, et proni in facies suas, non valentes earn sustinere, ceciderunt in terram, et ecce vox de celo audita est " Ungus, Ungus, audi me Apostolum " Christi, Audream nomine, qui missus sum ad te defen- " dendum, atque custodiendum, sed vide signum crucis " Christi, quod stat in aiere, atque procedat contra inimicos " tuos. Veriunptamen decimam partem hereditatis tue, par- " tem et elemosinam Deo omnijjotenti, et in honore Sancti " Andree ejus, offer." Tertia autem die, divina voce ammon- itus, suum exercitum m xii. turmas divisit : et signum crucis unamquamque partem precedebat ; lux autem divina de uniuscujusque signi capite fulgebat. Tunc victores facti, Deo omnipotenti, atque Sancto Andree Apostolo, gratias egerunt. Patriam autem venientes incolimes, decimam sue hereditatis partem Deo, et Sancto Andree Apostolo venera- bili, volentes offerre, implendo quod scriptum est, Date ele- mosinam et omnia munda sunt vobis. Incertiun vero habebaut in quo loco specialiter vectigalem Deo, princi- palem civitatem Sancto Andreo Apostolo, ordiiiarent. Tunc, inito concHio, binis, teruis, quatriduanis diebus, jejunantes, atque Dei omnipotentis misericordiam postu- lantes, unus custodientiuni corpus Sancti Andree Apostoli Constantinopoli, visione divina et revelatione ammonitus atque instructus est, dicente. " Exi de terra tua, et de " cognatione tua et de domo tua, et vade in terram quam " monstravero tibi," tunc venit, Angelo comitante, atque viam illius custodiente, prospere pervenit ad verticeni montis regis, id est, Rigmimd. Eadem autem hora, qua illic lassus sederet cum suis septem comitibus, lux circumfidsit divina Regem Pictoruni, 140 LEGEND OF SAINT ANDREW. venientem cum suo exercitu ad specialem locum, qui dicitur Kartenan, et claritatem non ferentes ceciderunt in facies suas et sanati sujit claudi et ceci numero sep- tem; et unus a nativitate cecus illuminatus est, et iude vidit locum plenum visitatione angelorum, et tunc voce magno clamavit, dicens, video plenum visitatione angel- orum. Postremo Dei ordinatione Eex, cum suo exercitu, venit ad locum, quern Domimis illo ceco qui illuminatus fuerat ostendit. Eegulus vero monachus, a Constantinopolitana urbe peregrinus, regi obviavit cum reliquiis Saucti Andree Apostoli, quas secum hinc hue adduxerat, ad portam que dicitiu- Matha, id est, mordurus, salutavenmt se iuvicem cives et hospites, atque tentoria ibi fixerunt, ubi nunc est aula regis. Eex vero Ungus liunc locimi, et banc civitatem, Deo omnipoteuti, Sanctoque Andree Apostolo, ea semper libertate dedit, ut sit caput et mater omnium eccle- sianmi,que sunt in regno Pictorum. Ad istamenim civitatem conveniimt peregriui palmarii de Jerusalem. Eomani, Greci, Armenii, Theutonii, Alimanni, Saxones, Dani, Gallicani, Galli, Anglici, Britones ; viai et femine, divites, et pauperes, sani corpore et egri ; claudi ; ceci ; in equis et curribus debUes hue deferuntur atque per Dei misericordias, ad honorem et gloriam sui summi Sancti Apostoli Andree, infestissime curantui'. Virtutes, et signa, et innimierabilia prodigia per suum Sanctum Apostolum Andream, Dominus fecit hie, facit et facturus est, que hie non possint scribi. Eegulus vero abbas, atque monachus, cum suis caris comitibus, habitavit in loco isto in monachica vita, ser- viens Deo die ac nocte, in sanctitate et justitia, cunctis diebus vite sue. Quorum corpora hie requiescunt. Iste Eegulus tertiam partem tocius Scotie in manu sua, et potestate habuit, et per abbatias, ordinavit atque distribuit. Patria ilia siquidem Pietis, Scottis, Dacis, Norvagensibus, ceterisque qui ad vastandum insulam applicuerant situ locorum, amenitatique faverat. Et si aliquando refugii opus fuisset, tutum receptaculmu eis semper prestabat; et sese infra cam quasi in propria castra receperunt. CONTINUATION OF TIGHEENAC. 141 XIX. FEOM THE CONTINUATION OF THE ANNALS OF TIGHEENAC, mclxcthi. MS. BODL. RAWLINSON, B. 488. A.D. 1093 JW-AELCOLAIM mac Donnchadha Ei Alban occisus est Frangcaib 7 Edabard a mac y Marita ben Mailcolaim do eg da cumaig. 1099 DomnaU mac Donnchada Ei Alban do dalladh da braith- ribh fein. TRANSLATION. 1093 Maelcolaim, son of Duncan king of Scotland, is slain by the Normans, and Edward his son and Marita the wife of Malcolm died of grief. 1099 Donald, son of Duncan king of Alban, blinded by his own brothers. 142 FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT PATEICK. XX. FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT PATEICK, by Joceline OF FUENESS, MCLXXXV. a MS. BODL. RAWllNSON. B. 485. h MS. BODL. RAWLINSON. B. 505. ap^cxxxv. JJuoDEClM fratres patre recenter defuncto, qui domina- batur in Dalredia, ad hsereditatem inter se dividendaui, in unum convenerunt, siiumque germauum minimnm, nomine, Fergussium habentes despectui, a portione qne iRum contingebat exortem et inanem dimisenmt. Ado- lescens ille prtecabatur Sanctum Patricium, ut se, suarum obtentu preciun efficeret hiBreditatis patenife participem, promittens se daturum Ecclesise Dei construendoe atque sustentandae sute portionis partem potiorem. Pontifice vero sancto pro eo exorante, atque negotium illius pero- rante, itatribus suis annimieratus Fergusius, competentem sibi^ paternse possessionis portioiiem percepit, cujus medietatem meliorem sanctissimo Prfesuli ad aidificandam Ecclesiam obtidit. Quam Sanctus ne suam interventionem vendidisse videretur suscipere renuit, sed Olcano prre- nominato illam confeni jussit. Sanctus autem Olcanus infra territorium sibi collatum in loco qui dicitur Derekan Ecclesiam sedificavit, ibique factus Episcopus, in sancti- tate et justitia perseveravit. Sanctus vero Patricius bene- dixit prredictum Fergusium et voce prophetica dixit ad nium : Licet hodie videaris humilis, et despectus in con- spectu fratrum tuorum, eris in brevi Princeps et Dominus omnium illorum. De te optimi Eeges egredientur, ([ui ' sibi in a only. FROM THE LIFE OF SAINT PATEICK. 143 lion solum in terra propria, sed et peregrina principa- buntur. Elapse non magno temporis spatio, Fergusius, jnxta vaticinium viri Sancti/ principatimi in tota terra ilia obtiniiit, semenqiie illius per miiltas generationes in ea regnavit. Ex ejus stirpe processit strenuissimus Edauus filius Gabraui, qui Scotiam, qufe dicitur Albania, subegit et alias insulas ; cujus in eis regiiat adliuc suc- cessiva posteritas. ' ^ viri sancti in a only. 144 GENEALOGY OF KING WILLIAM THE LYON. XXI. GENEALOGY OF KING WILLIAM THE LYON, MCLXXXV. MS. BRIT. MnS. OOTT. FAUSTINA. A. VIII. M.c.lxxxv. (jm/l Symon comes iUius Symonis comitis de Nor- hamton sine Hberis decessusscit^ Rex reddidit comitatum Huntedoiiie cum omnibus pertinentiis suis Willelmo regi Scottorum qui fuit filius Henrici Comitis filii regis Dauid qui fuit filius Malcolmi, filii Dunecani, filii Betocli, filii Malcolmi, filii Kynath, filii Malcolmi, filii Dunenald, filii Constantini, filii Kynath, filii Elpini, filii Ecach, filii Eclia-pliind, filii Ecdach, filii Douenald, filii Brich, filii Eccach, filii Binde, filii Edaim, filii Cobran, filii Douen- gard, filii Fergus-mor, filii Erch, filii Eccach-muinremor, filii Engussa fit, filii Feclielmech-aslingic, filii Enegussa- butim, filii Fetlielmech-romaig, filii Sencormacli, filii Cruichlinde, filii Findachai, filii Akirkii-re fiilii Eccach- andoth, filii Fiachrach-cathmail, filii Ecdac-riede, filii Conere-mor, filii Eders, filii Luctacli-etothlach, filii Corbre- crimgen, filii Dere-di'onmor, filii Corbre-findmor, filii Cone- re-mor, filii Ederskeol, filii Ewein, filii Ellela, filii Jair, filii Dethach, filii Sin, filii Eosin, filii Ther, filii Eether, filii Eowein, filii Aruidil, filii Mane, filii Fogso, filii Fere- dach, filii EUela-earin, filii Fiachach-finmora, filii Ene- gussa-turbung, filii Firketaroch, fiUi FiiTocht, filii Auroth, filii Firalmai, filii Lamcure, filii Lietlian, filii Eccach-alde- than, filii Elela-cassieclai, filii Couletlia, filii Iretro, filii Melge, filii Cobthai-cailbrech, filii Hugune-mor, filii Eccach-rothai, filii Duacli-lotherai, filii Fiecach-bolgai, filii Sinon-brich, filii Eno-duf, filii Etheon, fiUi Glachs, filii Noethach-fail, filii Elcata-olcaim, filii Sime, iilii Dein, GENEALOGY OF WILLIAM THE LYON. 145 filii Demail, filii Eothotlia, filii Ogmain, fllii Eiiegus- olmuchata, filii Fiacliach-labrahim, filii Smimai, filii Sin- reclia, filii Embata, filii Tluernai, filii Faleg, fUii Etheor, filii lairol-fatha, filii Ermon, fiUi ]\Iiscel-espaiiie, filii Bile, filii Neande, filii Brige, filii Brigain, filii Bratha, filii Deatlia, filii Erchata, iilii Aldoith, filii Node, filii Nonael, filii Eber-scoth, filii Gettel-glas, filii Neoil, filii Fenias-far seth, filii Owan, filii Glouiu, filii Lamin, filii Etheor, filii Achnomen, filii Thoe, filii Boib, filii Eeiu, filii Mail', filii Ethecli, filii Abiur, filii Ai'cthech, filii Aoich, filii Ara, filii Fera, filii Esrau, filii Eegaicht-scoth, filii Gomer, filii Jafeth, filii Noe. A regione quadam que dicitur Scitliia, dicitur Scita, Scitius, Scoticus, Scotus, Scotia. Similiter a regione qua- dam, que dicitur Getia, dicitur Geta, CJeticus, Goticus Gotus, Ostrogotu.s, Withsigotus. 14G TOPOGKAPHIA HIBERNIAK XXII. FR0:M CxIRALDUS cambrensis, topographia HIBERNIAE, mclxxxvi. a MS. EODL. RAWLINSON, B. 188. b MS. BODL. RAWLINSON, B. 483. A. D. III. A nomiue vero predict! Heberi, secundum quosdam, Hybernenses nomen traxerunt, vel potius, secundum alios, ab Hybero Hyspanie fluvio unde provenerant. Dicti sunt et Gaideli ; dicti sunt et Scoti, sicut enim antique referunt hystorie. Gaidelus quidam Phenii nepos post linguarum confusionem, apud Nembroticam turrim in variis linguis peritissimus fuerat. Ob quam peritiam rex Pharao filiam suam Scociam ei sociavit uxorem, unde et quoniam Hyberniensis ab istis, ut aiunt, originalem lin- eam ducunt, a Gaidelo et Scotia, Gaideli et Scoti, sicut et nati sunt, sic et nominati. Gaidelus iste, ut asserunt, Hibernicam linguam composuit, que et Gaidelach dicitur : quasi ex omnibus linguis collecta. Scotia quoque pars insule Britannice dicitur Aquilonaris, quia gens origi- naliter, ab his propagata, terram iUam habitare dinoscitur. Quod tam lingue, quam cultus, tam armorum etiam, quam morum, usque in hodiernum probat aflinitas. B. Cap. xvi. Hie quoque notandum videtur, praedicto Nello Hiber- nie Monarchiam obtinente, vi filios Muredi Regis Ultouie, in classe non modica, Boreales Britanuie partes occupasse. TOPOGEAPHIA HIBERNIAE. U7 Unde et gens ab hiis propagata, et specificato vocabixlo Scotica vocata, usque in hodiernum angulum ilium inhabi- tant. Sed quibus ex causis hue advenerint, qualiter et quantis proditionibus potius quam expeditionibus, Picto rum gentem pervalidem, armis quoque et animositate longe prestantem, a partibus illis expulerunt ; cum nobilem illam Britannie topographiam declaravimus, enu- cleatius expedietur. Aliud auteni hinc beneficium sua forte dignitate laiidabile studiosisque, mentibus appetibile, suis temporibus emanabit. U8 CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS AND PICTS. XXIII. CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS AND RICTS. MCLXXXni. MS. BIB. FAC, JURID. EDIN. 3-t. 7. 3. CEONICA BREVIS. feuMMA amioruiii priiuorum Scotorum qui ante Pictos reguaverunt cclx. aiinis et iij. mensibus. Siunma Pictorum 1" IxL annis. Sumnia Scotorum post Pictos cccxxxvii. anni et ^•. menses. Summa totalis xvj? Ixviij. anni et viii menses. Notandum quod regnimi Scocie incipit ante incarna- cionem Domini ccccxliij. annis. Fergus filius Hertli primus regnavit in Scotia iij. annis ultra Drutlim et a Drutlim Albane usque Scuagh mnnere et usque ad InchgaL Donengarth iilius Fergus v. annis regnavit. Congal filiiis Donegartli xxij. annis regnavit. Com'au filius Donegartli xxij. annis regnavit. Conal filius Congal xiiij. amiis regnavit. Edane filius Gonran xxxiiij. annis regnavit. Hetliglied bud xv. annis regnavit. Knatli kere filius Conal tribus mensibus regnavit. Ferthar filius Euin xvL annis regnavit. Fercar foda xxi. annis regnavit. Heched monanle filius Donenghark filius Donvald brek xxij. annis regnavit. Amernikelletlie filius Findan xvi. annis ri--2;navit. CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS AND PICTS. 119 Heoghain filius Findan xvi. aimis regnavit. Fertliam filius Murdathe duobus aniiis regnavit. Hethfyre filius Heorghet rannal xxx. aiinis regnavit. Fergus filius Hetlifyue iij. annis regnavit. Sealthant filius Regagane xiiij. annis regnavit. Herglaed annime filius Hethefyn .xxx. annis regnavit. Duughel filius Fralnatli vij. annis regnavit. Aropin filius Hethed annune iij. annis regnavit Eex et occisus est in Galwitliia postquam eani penitus destruxit et devastavit et tunc translatum est regnum Scotorum in regnum Pictorum. HE PICTIS. Cruchine filius Kyan clemens judex accepit nionarchani in regno Pictorum et .1 annis regnavit. Gede 1. annis regnavit. Tliaran c. annis regnavit. Duchil xl annis regnavit. Derordegele xx. annis regnavit. Derothet Ix. annis regnavit. Combust x.K. annis regnavit. Fevanacliertlie xl. annis regnavit. Gernarg bolg i.\. annis regnavit. Poponeuet xxx. amiis regnavit. Fiacua albus xxx. annis regnavit. Tonacaduiel vi. annis regnavit. Donornauch nerales i. anno regnavit. Ferdach fyngal ij. annis regnavit. Canath dives xl. annis regnavit. Balarg filius Keothere xxv. annis regnavit. Drust fiKus \Vs c. annis vLxit et c. pergit bella. Tolarag filius Anuf ij. annis regnavit. Nethan chelemot x. annis regnavit. Drust filius Guruni v. annis regnavit. Ih'ust filius Hudrossig viij. annis regnavit. Itcruni primus Drust iiij. annis regnavit. 150 CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS AND PICTS. Canatli filius Gigurum vi. annis regnavit. Kelturan frater ejus vi. annis regnavit. Tolorg filius Mordeleg xi. annis regnavit. Drust filius Monetli i. anno regnavit. Talalad iiij. annis regnavit. Brud filius Metlion xxx. annis regnavit. Istum conver- tit Sanctus Coluniba ad fidem. Caniac filius Domiatli xx. annis regnavit. Iste edifica- vit Abbernethyn. Kynel filius Luthren xxiiij. annis regnavit. Netlian filius Fide viiL annis regnavit. Brude filius Fruth v. annis regnavit. Tollarg filius Fethar xi. annis regnavit. Talargn filius Amfrud iiij. annis regnavit. Gernatli filius Dunal v. annis regnavit. Durst frater ejus 'vtL annis regnavit. Brud filius Bile xx. annis regnavit. Ejus tempore floruit Sanctus Adamnanus. Taran filius Amfredeth xiiij. aunis regnavit. Nectan frater ejus x^dn. annis regnavit. Brud filius Dergard xxxi. annis regnavit. Carnach filius Feratli xxiiii. annis regnavit. Onegussa filius Frud vi. mensibus regnavit. Alpin filius Feret, Brud filius Denegus viii. annis regnavit. Durst filius Talargugani i. anno regnavit. Thalargane filius Drustan iiij. annis regnavit. Falargan filius Denegus v. annis regnavit. Constantinus filius Fergusari xlv. annis regnavit. Iste edificavit Dunkelden. Hungus filius Fergusane Lx. annis regnavit. Iste edifi- cavit Kilremouth. Dostolorg iiij. annis regnavit. Eogana filius Hungus iij. annis regnavit. Fergus filius Barot iij. annis regnavit. Brude filius Ferant i. niense regnavit. Kynat filius Ferant i. anno regnavit. Brud filius Fodel ii. annis regnavit. CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS AND PICTS. 151 Durst filius Ferant iij. regnavit annis. Iste occisus est apud Fertlieviot, secundem quosdam Scoiiam a Scottis. Kynat mac Alpiii xvi. annis regnavit super Scottos, dis- tructis Pictis et mortuus est et in Fethertauetlin et sepul tus in Yona insula, ubi tres filii sc. Ere, Fergus, Loaran, Tenagus, sepulti fuenint. Hie mira caliditate duxit Scotos de Ergadia in terra Pictorum. Douenald mac Alpin iiij. annis regnavit et mortuus est in Eatliinueramon et sepultus in lona insula. Constantinus mac Kynat xv. annis regnavit et inter- emptus est a Noruagiensibus in bello de Merdo fatha et sepultus in lona insida. Edh mac Kynnath i. anno regnavit et interfectus in beUo in Strathalan a Girg filio Dungal et sepultus in lona insula. Girg mac Dungal xii annis regnavit et mortuus est in Dundurn et sepultus est in lona insula. Hie subjugavit sibi totam Yberniara et fere totam Angliam et liic primus dedit libertatem ecclesie Scoticane que sub servitute erat usque ad dlud tempus ex consuetudine et more Pictorum. Donald mac Constantine xi. annis regnavit et mor- tuus est in Fores et sepultus in lona insula. Constantine mak Edlia xl. annis regnavit et dimisso regno sponte Deo in liabitu religionis abbas factus est in Keldeo- rum Sancte Andree, quinque annis sei-vivit ibi et mortuus est ac sepultus. Malcom mac Donald ix. annis regnavit et interfectus est a Morauiensibus per dolum et sepidtus est in Yona insula. Indolf mac Constantin ix. annis regnavit et interfectus est a Noruagiensibus in Innercolan et sepultus in lona insula. Duf mac Malcobn iiij. annis regnavit et mensiljiis sex et interfectus in Fores et alisconditus est sub ponte de Kynloss et sol non apparuit quamdiu ibi latuit et inventus est et sepultus in lona insula. Ciden mac Indolf iiij. annis regnavit et mensibus sex et interfectus est ab Amdarch filio Donvald propter filiam suam in Ybandonia. 102 CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS AND PICTS. Kyimatli mac Malcolm xxiiij. aniiis regna\at ij. mensi- l)us et iiitertectus es a suis homiuibus in Fetherkem per pei-fiilias riiiUL4e filie filie Cuiitliar comitis de Auguss cujus Finuele imicum tilium i)redictus Kynnet interfecit. Constantiii mac Culeu i. amio vi. mensibus regnavit et iiiterfectus est a Kyimet filio Malcobiii in Eatliinuera- mou et sepiiltus in Youa insula. Malcolm mac Kyimat Eex victoriossissimiis xxx. aunis regnavit et murtuus est in Glammes et sepnltus in Yona. Doucliath mac Cran Abbatis de Dunkelden et Bethok ti1i n. Malcolm mac Kynnet vi. annis reg"na\it et interfectus est a !Maketh mac Fyngel in Botlmgouane et sepnltns in Yona insula. Maket mac Fyngel xvii. annis regnavit et interfectus est in Lufanan a Malcolm mac Dunkat et sepultus in lona insula. Lulacli fatuus iiij. mensibus regnavit et interfectus est in Esseg in Strabolgin et sepultus in Yona insula. In anno gracie primo natus est Jhesus Cbristus Domiuus uoster in Betlielem Judie. Anno septimo mortuus est Herodes. Eodem anno natus est beatus Johamies evan- gelista. Aimo xxix predicavit beatus Johannes baptista. Anno xxx. baptizatus est Christus et apostoli Christum sequebantur. Anno xxxiiij crucifixus est Dommus et Ste- phanus lapidatus est. Anno xxxiii. conversu.s est sanctus Paulus. Anno xl. Matheus scripsit evangelium. Anno xliiij. Marcus scripsit evangeliimi. Anno xl\di. Lucas scripsit evangelium. Amio li. assumpta est Domina nostra Sancta Maria, anno etatis sue Ixvi Eodem anno obiit beata nostra magistra. Anno iui'^xxxiij. Palladius lidcm Scotis predicavit (pii cam recipermit et usque in hoiliernam diem sine apostasia firmiter et ferventer servaverunt. Anno iiii<^xxxiiii. Patricius iidem predicavit \nieniiis. Anno iiii^' xxxix. uala est sancta ISrwida. DESCRIPTION OF BRITAIN. 153 XXIV. DESCRIPTION OF BRITAIN, xii cent. MS. BEIT. MUS. COTT. CLAUDIUS D. II. J_/E numero Pi'ovinciariuu et Patriarum et Comitatuum et lusiilarum que dc jure spectaut et sine dubio per- tinent corone et dignitati regni Britannie, scilicet, quod modo vocatur regnum Anglorum. In tribus divisorum, consuetudi[ue] que tre.s leges dicuntur, scilicet, [WJEssex- enelaga, Mircenelaga et Denelaga, verum de iure potius appellari potest et debet excellencia illustrissime predicte corone imperimn quam regnum. Loegria, que modo Auglia vocatur, medietas insule Britannie est et continet in se Cornubiam et Deiram. Cor- uubia est ab occidental! mare Britannie usque ad magnum flumen Tanaii. Deira est a magno flumine Himibre usque ad magmun flumen Forthi. S\int autem in Loegria consulatus triginta quinque. Cambria est, que modo WaUia vocatur, ab aquilonari mare Britannie usque ad magmun flumen Sabrini et con- tinet in se Demeciam et Venedociam. Sunt autem in Cambria decern et vii. considatus. Albania est, que modo Scocia vocatur, scilicet, a magno flumine Fortbi usque ad magnum mare Norweye et con- tinet in se Orcaneiam, Ordasiman, Gurtli et Enchegalliam. Sunt autem in Albania decern et octo consulatus. Sunmia consulatuum tocius regni Britannie septuaginta. To Wessexenelaga belimpet quod Latine dicitur incum- bimt et pertinent, scilicet, due provincie et novem comi- tatus, scilicet, Wallia, que quondam \'ocabatur Cambria, cum insulis suis circunijacentilius, que sunt de appendiciis Cornubie, et Devonia cmn suis appendiciis, que Anglice 154 DESCEIPTION OF BRITAIN. dicitur Deueuescliire. Schire eniai Latine dicitur comitatus. Cheslre enim Aiiglice dicitur quod Britonice dicitur Kaer, Latine vero civitas, et Sumersetesire, Britonice vero vocatur Glatenelon, et Dorsetesire, et Wyltesire, et Berehtsire, et Suthamptonesire, et Suthereysire, et Sutlisexesire cum suis appendiciis, et Chentsire cum suis appendiciis. To Mircheuelaga hilimpet, quod est Latine spectant et pertinent, octo schire, scilicet, Anglice, Chestrescliire, Schropschire, et Staffordeshire, et Ware^ykshire, et Here- fordschire et Gloucestreschire, Cirecestrescliire, et Oxene- fordsMre. To Danelage, hilimpit, quod Latine dicitur incumbunt et pertinent, scilicet, quinque provincie cum omnibus suis appendiciis, scUicet, Deira que modo vocatur Northumber- land, scilicet, tota terra que est inter magnum flumen Humbri et Tede flumen et ultra usque ad flumen Fortlii magni, scilicet, Loohia, et Galweya, et Albania tota, que modo Scocia vocatur, et Morouia, et omnes insule occiden ■ tales occeani usque ad Norwegiam et usque Daciam, scili- cet, Kathenessia, Orkaneya, Enchegal, et Man, et Ordas, et Gurth.et cetere insule occidentales occeani circa Norwegiam et Daciam, et Fyftonscliirc, quod Latine dicitm- quindecini comitatus, scilicet, Everwykshu-e, Notinghamscliire, Derby- shire, Leycestreshire, Lincolneshire, Herefordshire, Bokyng- hamschire, Suftblkshire, Norffolkshire, Bedefordshire, Es- sexshire, Grantebreggeshire, Huntedoneshire, Norhamp- toneschire, Middelsexshire. Summa Schirarum tocius insule Britannie, scilicet, comitatuum Latine septuaginta, provinciarum vero septem cum insulis suis circumjacentibus et cum ceteris appen- diciis suis. Archiepiscopatus duo sunt in regno Britannie, olim fuerunt tres temporibus Britonum ante adventum Saxonum. Episcopatus enim viginti octo per provincias et civitates constitute sunt per confeideracionem regni et per constitu- cionem bonorum patrum et predecessorum ut expedit et (lecet et oportet ad \itilitatem et ad salutem et ad profectum animarum populorum tocius regni predicti. THIRTEENTH CENTURY. XXV. FEOM LAYAMON'S BRUT, mcciv. a MS. BRIT. M0S. COTT. CALIGULA, A. IX. b MS. BEIT. MUS. COTT. OTHO. C. XIII. MS. a. A J)issen ilken hit ftod : pet com ouer see flod. an king fe hsehte Eodric : elclie otSer unilic. lie com ut of Scice : elclies londes vniliche. he brolite mid Mm fe Peolites folc of mucliele malite. SeoSSeii Eodic- wes serft mon : & he milite uuel don. a he ferde hi fse Hod : & dude he uuel & naeuere god. monie hundi-eS biu'ije : he hsefde imakede blaeSe. He ferde hi fee flronde : iato Scotlonde. J>at lond he al Wfelle : mid hermeii fan mefte. MS. b. Ac' fh'ilke hit ftod : forte com ouer &e flod. a king pat hehte Eodrich : eche opere onUiche. he brohte mid liin pe Peutes : men of moche mUite. Fram pat Eodrich was ereft man and cupe eye vuel don. he verde hi f^e flod : and dude vuel and iieuere god. mani hundred borewes : he hadde for-fare. He verde bi fee ftronde : in to Scotlonde. pat lond he al wefte : mid harme pan mefte. TEANSLATION. lu this same wise it stood until there came over sea-flood a king that hight Rodric, to each (every) other unlike ; ' he came out of Scythia, to each land unlike ;' he brought with him the Peohtes (Picts), "folk [men] of much might. "After [From the timel that Rodric first was man, and "he might [could] do evil, ' ever' he fared by the sea-flood, and ' he' did evil and never good ; many hundred burghs he had "made destitute [destroyed]. He fared by the sea strand into Scotland ; the land he all wasted with the 1 AV R. Rodric. irio FEOM LAYAMON'S BRUT. |)m-h Jiat loud he airnde : & hre^adc' and hpermde. Coiiien ]>a tiSende : to !Maurius ))on kinge. liu ]>& king Rodric : Hs rajflac makede. Sone he sende fondc : jeond alle filTe kine-londe. hiJehte a;iier«lciie mon : pa his monfcipe uSe. |)at he wcl iwepned : comen' to liirede. pil'folc wes ifomned : and fe king fufde. ferde into Scotlonde : jiere ho Rodric king fond. Heo fuhton swiSe feondliohc : i^ feollen pa Peohtes. & Rodric J>er wes of-flajon : & leo8Sen mid heorleu to-dra^au. per dude jNIauiius Jie king : a wel fwu'So lajllech J>mg. nppen |)cu ilke ftude : per he Rodi-ic uor-dude. he lette a-rairen anan : enne swTit5e fielcuS ftau. he lette per on grauen : SBelcuSe run-ltaueu. porh Jiat lond he hearude : and (loh folk and barude. Come pe tidind : to Maunis pan kinke.' hou pe king Rodrich : his lond al for-verde. Sone he fende fonde : ^eond al his kinelonde. hehte echne man : pat him god wolde. mid al his wepne : come to ))an kinge. pis folk was ifomned : and hit forp fnl'de. wende into Scotlond ; par lie Ro(.b'ich fond. Hii foliten mainliche : and folle pe Rentes. and Rodrich par was of-flawe ; and fuplie mid horfo to-drawe. par dude Maurus ])e kuig : a fmpe fellich ping. vppen pan ilke ftude : par he Rodrich for-dudc. he lette arere anon : ane felcujie fton. he lette par an gi-auie : of Rodiiches deajie. most harm, throufjli the laml he ran, and 'harried aud harmed [slew folk iiud burnt]. The tidings came to Maurius the king, how the Icing Rodric 'made his ravage [his land all destroyed]. Soon he sent messengers over all 'this [his] kingdom ; ordered 'every [each] man, who 'his honor granted [would good to him], ' that he' 'well weaponed shoidd come [with all his weapons to come] to 'court [the king]. This folk was assembled, and 'the king [it forth] marched ; proceeded into Scotland, where he found ' king' Rodric. They fought 'most fiercely [strongly], and the Peohtes fell, and Rodric was there slain, aud afterwards drawu in pieces by horses. There did Maurius the king an exceeding marvellou.^ tiling ; upon the same spot wliere he destroyed Rodric he caused anon to be reared a ■ most' wonderful htcrjede ! ' R. kinge. * come? FROM LAYAMON'S BEUT. ISi liu he RoJric of-floh : & liino mill horfen to-ili'uh. & hu lie pa Peohtes : oiier-com mid his fashtes. Vp he fette ))cTne ftan : jet he Jier ftondetS. swa he detS al fwa longe : swa fa woreld ftondeS. Nome him fcupte |)e king : & hehte f one Ihxu West-mering. a muchel d-jA lonJes : pe fer litS ahuten. non fie king to liis hond : & hsehte liit Weft-merelinge lend Nu fu hafiieft foS iherd : for whan hit swa hatte. pa fe' Jieo Peohtes : weoren ouer-cumne i fon fehte. and Eodric wes dted : & his iueren for-demed. ))a flujen Jier bUiselues : fiftene hundred. ])at weoreoren^ ])a feu-eft men : pe weoren i Jwn fehte. hwfden he^ to here-to^ : emie ha^h iborene mon. peof weolden heom ibuijen : & bi-halues fleon. ou he Rodrich of-sloh : and mid horfe to-di'oli. and ou he |)e Peutes : ouercom mid fihte. Vp he fette [lane fton : jet he fare flondeji. Name him fcopte |iane king and hehte hine Weftmering. for name of )?an Hone : pat lond liis fo hi-hote. po Rodrich was of-ftaje : and idon of lif daje. J'O fleh fare bi-hahies : ' fiftene hundred, fat weren fe fairefte men : J)at weren in fan filite. hadden hii aime heuedling of on hcje ibore man. peos wolden hinne bouwe ; and bi-halues wende. stone pillar ; he caused thereon to be graven "strange characters, [of Kodrics death, and] how he slew Rodric, and with horses drew him in pieces, and how he overcame the Peohtes with ' his' fight. Up he set the stone ; yet it there standetli ; ' so it will do as long as the world standeth.' A name the king shaped to it, and called "the stone [it] West-mering ; ' a great part of the land that there lieth about the king took in his hand,' "and named it West-merelinge land [for the name of the stone the land is sn called]. ' Now thou hast heard the sooth, for what cause it so bight. When that the Peohtes were overcome in the fight,' "and Rodric was dead, and his companions destroyed [When Rodrich was slain, and done of life-day], then fled there aside fifteen hundred, that were the fairest men that were ' A letter has been erased after he. '^ R. weoren. :* heo? 158 FROM LAYAMON'S BRUT. & bujen vt of londe : to helpen heore liue. ■p i-feli^en preo eorles : fe i feon felite weoren ohte. whudereward fa ferde : heore fl& mucliel flod. nes hit neuere itiled : ))urh nseime eorSe-itiUe. no nauere fer ne wimeden on : nanes cunnes qiiic mon. Sonen heo guiinen to serien : fat lond wes swiSe se^ele. heo tileden heo feowen : lieo repen heo meowen. vnS inen fan from jeren : fa nomen heo twaelf iueren. & heo uerden fone : fat heo to fiffe londe comen. Bruttes heo gretten : mid grfeilichen worden. beden. heom beon on fele : & aUe ilunde. We eow to-^erneS : jeue fwiSe deore. f et je uf jiuen wifmen : to habben to wiue. euere to hire lifue. Al f e king wrohte : afe hi liim bi-fohte. and heom an hond folde : mochil deal of londe. al aboute Catenas : far hii homes makede. Ac fat lond was fwife god : for fuffe was fe mochele flod. nas hit neuere itiled : forh non erfe-tilie. no neuere far ne wonede on : no manere cwike mon. Sone hii gonne herie : fat lond was fwife murie. liii tilede hii fewen : hi repen hii mewen. wif in fan fridde jiere : f nemen hii twealf veres. and wende fone : fat hii to fife londe come. Bruttef hii gretten : mid fwife faire wordes. beden heom be feale : and aUe ifunde. We of ou jernef : jiftes swif e deore. fat ^e vs jifue wifmen : for habbe to wifue. slaves to] him, and they would be obedient to him, ever in their lives. All the king wrought as they besought [him], and gave them in hand a great deal of laud, all about Caithness ; there they "chattels wrought [made homes]. [But] the laud was most good, "but [for] since the great flood was, never was it tilled by any earth-tillage, nor ever thereon dwelt any "kind [manner] of man alive. As soon as they gan to plough, the land was most fertile; they tilled, they sowed, they reaped, they mowed, within the "three years [third year] ; — then took they twelve companions, and ' they ' proceeded soon, so that they came to this land. The Britons they greeted with "peaceful [most fair] words ; bade them be prosperous, and all in health : — '■ We yearn of you gifts most dear (precious), that ye give us women to have for wives ; then may we 'hold love to this people [have love IGO FROM LAYAMON'S BRUT. penne maje wc heokk'ii lime : to fifleu Icod-folke. pa J)ir iherden Bnittes : heokerlicho heoni fuhte. (fe hehten hcon faren awrci : & fleon of heore londe. for nolJe heo heom gotten : Jia fmges fe heo ^ernilen. Peohtes weoren ifcende : & heore wfei forS wende. ham to heore ciinne : & cudden' heom heore ercnde. Heo nomen heore sonde : & fende to Irlonde. to ])es londes kinge : Gille Caor ihaten. & biden hine heom senden : ■\\'ifmen of his londe. & \ie king heom ^ettc : al fat heo ^eorenden. fc ■>.] purh ]>a, Uke ^^dfmeu : pa, per wuiioden longe. fat folc gan to fpelien : Irlondes fpeche. & auer seoSSen ])a lajen : ■\vunieS a fan londe. swa heo beo6 fere : nu and aeuere mare. fan mawe' loue : habbe bi-twine. po fis Uiorde Bruttef : hokerliche heom fohte. and hehten heom faren awei : and fleo of hire londe. for ne loldeu hii neiiere habbe fing fat i- jomde. Peutes weren ifend : . . . a-wei wende. horn to h . . . cunne : and tolde hire h . . . . de. Hii nemen hire fonde : and fende to Yrlonde. to fane leod-kmge : Gillekaor ihote. and beden liim ham fende : ^^■ifnlen of hi.s londe. and fe king ihorde : al fat hii ^ornde. porh fe Uke wifmon : fat fare wonede longe. fat folk gan to vli : Yrlondcs fpeche. and euere fuff e : hii d of in fan londe. between us]. When the Britons heard this, disdainful it seemed to tlicni. and thei/ ordered tliem to go away, and iJee from their land, for tliey 'would not grant them the things [slionld never have the thing] tliat they yearned. T!ie Peohtos were shamed, and went ' forth' their way home to I heir kin, and told ' to them' their errand. They took their messengers, and sent to Ireland, to 'the king of tlie land [the sovereign], named Gille Caor, and bade him send them women of his land : and the king 'granted them [heard] all that they desired. Tlirough the same women, who there long dwelt, the folk gan to 'speak [use] Irelands speech : and ever since 'the usages dwell [they do] in the land ; ' so they shall be there, now and evermore.' mawe we : hii? ' cu'Sden '? WELSH CHRONICLE. 161 XXVI. WELSH CHRONICLE, mccxi. a MS. JESUS COLL. OXON. LLYFR COCH. b MS. HENGWRT, NO. 8.^ yj OES GOrtheym GOrtheneu hyt weith Bad6n yd ymla- daOd Arthur ae hyneif ar Saesson ac y gorfuv Arthur ae hyneif wyth mlyned ar hugeint a chant. weith Baddn hyt Gamlan dOy vlyned ar hugeint. Gamlan hyt var(5 MaelgOn deg mlyned. varO Maelgvn hyt weith Arderyd (xxv. blyned. O'r gOeith Arderyd hyd) pan las GOrgi a Pharedur seith mlyned. O'r pan las GOrgi a Pharedur hyt weith Kaerlleon naO mlyned. TK.^NSLATION. From the age of Guortigern Guortlienau to the battle of Badwn, wliich Arthur and his elders fought with the Saxons, and in which Arthur and his elders were victorious, one hundred and twenty-eight years. From the battle of Badwn to Camlan, twenty-two years. From Camlan to the death of Maelgwn, ten years. From the death of Maelgwn to the battle of Arderydd, twenty- five years. From the battle of Ardevydd till when Gwrgi and Paredur were slain, seven years. From the slaugliter of Gwrgi and Paredur to the battle of Cairleon, nine years. ' What is contained within parentheses is in h only. L 1G2 ^VELSH CHRONICLE. O weith KaerUeon hyt weith Veigen pedeir Llyncd ar deg. O weith Veigen yny aeth Kadwaladyr vendigeit y Ruuein wyth mlyned a deugeint. From tlie battle of Caerleon to the battle of Meigen, fourteen years. From the battle of Meigen till CaJwaladyr Vendigeit went to Rome, forty-eight years. FROM GIEALDUS CAMBEENSIS, ETC. 163 XXVII. FROM GIRALDUS CAMBEENSIS, DE INSTRUCTIONE PRINCIPUM, Mccxiv. MS. BRIT. MUS. COTT. JULIU.S B. XIII. (c^uONiAM autem de Pictis et Scotis facta est hie men- Folio 96, b. tio, que gentes et quihus ex partibus, quibusve de causis Vnde Picti in Britanniam advecte sunt, sicut ex diversis coUegimus Britanniam historiis, hie explanandum, praeter rem non putaviinus. advecti et ^ '■ , '■ quare sic Pietos itaqne, quos et Agatirsos Virgmus vocat, Seitieas ilicti. circiter paludes habitationes habuisse, referunt historie. De quibus et Servius super Virgilium eommentans et hunc locum exponeus, scilicet "Pietos Agatirsos," ait: "Pietos " eosdem quos et Agatirsos appeUamus, et dicuntur Picti " quasi stigmatizati, quia stigmatizari, id est, cauteriari " Solent, propter abundanciam fleiunatis. Et sunt hii " populi hiidem qui et Gothi. , Quoniam utique ubi ex " crebris stigmatibus cicatrices obducuntur, corpora quasi " picta redduntur ; ex cauteriis hujusmodi in cicatrices " obduetis Picti quoque sunt vocati." Cimi ergo Maximus ille tirannus de Britannia in Fran- ciam, cum robore virorum ae virium uecnon et armorimi insule toto, ad occupandum imperium transvectus fuisset, Gracianus et Valentinianus fratres et consortes imperii gentem banc Goticam, rebus in bellicis fortem ae strenuam, sibi quoque vel confederatam vel subjectam, et imperiali- bus tam beneficiis, a Scicie finibus in aquilonares Bri- tannia partes ad Britones infestandum et tyrannum cum juventute regni tota quam abduxerat non redituram sen revocandum, navigio transmiserunt. 164 FROM GIRALDUS CAMBRENSIS Gildas et Pictis et Scotis. lUi vero turn qiioniam imiata Gothonim liellicositate per- validi fuerunt, turn etiani quouiam iusulam, viris ac viribus, lit diximus, vacuaiu iuveiieriiut, boreales ejusdem partes ac provincias non modicas ad siiam non reversuri, quippe de predonibus domum accole facti sibi usiirpatas occu- paverunt. Processu vero temporis qiioiiiain iixores de Hybernia sibi vicina duxerant, quas a Britonibus habere non pote- rant, gentem Hybemicam, que et Scocia dicituv, sibi in consorcium allexerunt ; partemque terre occiipate mari- tinmm siieque patrie, ubi mare angiistiun, proximiorem, que et Galweidia dicitur, ad habitandum contiilerunt. Ubi et unanimes postmodum ad Britones infestandiun et fines suos dilatandmu sunt effecti. De qiiibus et Gildas liistoricus, de excidio Britonum trac- tans ait : " Exinde Britannia omni armato niilite destituta " atque valida juveiitute regni spoliata, que supradictimi " tjTannum comitata domum nunquam idtra rediit. Jam " omnis belli usu prorsus ignara, duabus primiim gentibus " vehementer sevis, Pictorum ab aquilone, Scotoriun a cir- " cio, opprimi cepit et calcari." Iterumque post pauca vexatis ad gemitiim Britonum legionibus jam pluries Romanis constructis demum muris et vaUis a mari ad mare et turribus erectis quamqiiam incassum et annis ad Britonum tutelam demum in insula relictis Gildas sub- jungit " Illis itaque ad sua reversis certatim emergimt tan- qiiam de cauernis sole incalescente vermiculorum cuuei. tetrique Pictorum Scotorum gTeges moribiis quidem mul- ' tuin dissidentes liabitu tamen et cultu necnon una eadem- ' que sanguinis fundendi aviditate Concordes, furciferosque ' magis vultiis pilis quam corponim pudenda pudendisque ■ proxima vestibus tegentes, cognita legionum reversione ' reditusque denegacione ; solito confidencius. Omnem ' aquilonarem extremamque terre partem primiim muro- ' tenus, postea murum ipsum et turres irrumpendo ac ' deiciendo, fines illos ex toto et incendiis vastaverunt." Vnde et Gildas, gentis sue gemens imbeciUetatem, in eodeni libro ponit de epistola Romani propter anxilium DE INSTEUCTIONE PRINCIPUM. 165 ab ipsis trausmissa. Verba eorundem hec. " Barbari " nos ad mare propellunt, mare qiioque ad barbaros. " Inde trucidamur; liinc submergimnr." Et non longe post de eisdem dicit, quia Britones non sunt in bello fortes, nee in pace fideles. Propter harum itaque gen- timn graves infestaciones et liostiles jugiter irrupciones cum ipsis de cetero Eoniaui deessent, nee ipsi de suis viribus defendere possent, propter stipendiaries milites in Germaniam nuncios, omine sinistro sibi suisque nimis infausto trausmiserunt. Advenientes etenim Saxones [D]e Saxon- tanquam pro Britonilnis pugnaturi, immo verius ipsos tanmam "!i oppugnaturi, nee sacramenta nee fidem respicientes quin [sti]pendia eciam cum hostibus quos oppugnare debent, statim federa ad iii[ceii]- jungentes, totum denique processu temporis per enormes [tjts'^e.ld" et inauditas prodiciones perque conflictus grandes et graves f^^ ["]oca- Bi'itannie regnura civibus expuJsis occupaverunt. Porro de Pictorum gente pervalida post tot victorias qualiter evanuit, succiucte dicemus. Occupata ut dixinius a Saxonibus insula, stabilique cum Pictis pace finnata, Scoti qui Pictis adjimcti, et ab eis ad terram inhabitandam accersiti fuerant, videntes Pictos, quamquam propter affinitatem Hibernie jam pauciores, longe tamen armis et animositate prestanciores, ad soli- tas et tanquam sibi innatas prodiciones, quibus ceteris preminent gentibus, recurrerunt. Convocatosque tan- Nota. quam ad conviviuni magnates Pictorum cunctos, captata tam cibi quam potus crapula et ingurgitacione forsan nimia et, oportunitate notata, clavorum extractione qui tabulata tenebant, in bancorum concavitatem quibus sedebant, mira decipula poplite tenus, ita quod se nidlatenus erigere pos- sent, communiter undique lapses, de subitos quidem et inprovisos, nee ab affinibus et consideratis suoque bene- ficio confeodatis et bellorum sociis quicquam tale timentes, statim trucidaverunt universes. Sic itaque de duobus De Pictis popnlis gens bellicosior et validior totaliter evanuit. Altera prod'idoue vero longe modis omnibus impar, tanquam in tempore fl<'l''t'«- tante prodicionis emolumenta assecuta, totam a niari vsq\xe ad mare, terram illam quam a suo nomine Scociam 166 FROM GIEALDUS CAMBRENSIS, ETC. dixerunt, usque in hodiemuiu obtinueruut. Sicut autem a Bruto duce, Britones nomeu traxerunt, sic Hybernici ab Hebreo duce, vel secundum alios, ab Hibero Hispanic fluvio vnde pervenerant. Dicti sunt et Gaideli a duce sic dicto, sicut ab uxore Gaideli illius, que vocata est Scocia, dicti sunt Scoti. Quidam tamen autumant a Wandalis de quibus originalem lineam duxere, sicut originem sic et nuncupacionem Gaidelos traxisse. FROM THE ANNALS OF INISFALLEN. 16; XXVIII. FROM THE ANNALS OF INISFALLEN. MS. BODL. RAWLINSON, B. 503. A.D. 434 Jqll. prima feria. Conversio Scotorum in fideiu Christi. 435 Kl. Prima preda Saxonorum ab Hibernia. 466 Kl. Cath Arddacorain?' 471 Kl. Secunda preda Saxonorum ab Hibernia. 507 Kl. Quies Domangairt Cindtire. 508 Kl. Bellum Ardacoraind, 519 Kl. Nativitas Columbaecbill. Dormitacio But! meic Bronaig. 538 Kl. Mors Comgaill meic Domongairt Regis. 560 Kl. Mors Garbain meic Domongairt. 563 Kl. Gol'umcilh in ailitre.^ Prima nox ejus in Albain in Pentecosten. 564 Kl. Mors Daimin meic Domongairt. 570 Kl. Quies Gilldais Episcopus. 573 Kl. Oath Tala.'^ 574 Kl. Mors Conaill meicc Comgaill annis xvi. regni. 582 lO. Cath Manann la Aedan mac Gabrain^ TRANSLATION. Battle of Ardcoran. Columba in pilgrimage. Battle of Tola. Battle of Mauan by Acdan son of Gabran. 168 FEOM THE ANNALS OF INISFALLEN. 584 I\J. More Bruidi meic Maelcon. 589 Kl. Quies David Cillmuine. 595 KL Quies Coluimbcille nocte Dominica hi v. Id Juin, anno xxxv. perigrinationis sue, etatis vero Ixxvi. 596 Kl. Cath Ratha in Druad y Cath Airdsendain^. Hui Fin fugerunt, Araid victores. 598 Kl. Baithine quievit in Christo, anno etatis sue Ixvi. 606 Kl. Mors Aedain meic Gabrain. 613 Kl. Cath Legeoin, in quo ceciderunt multitudines Sanctorum in Britannia, inter Saxones et Bri- tannos. 616 Kl. Mors Tolorggain 7 Fergusa meic Colmain. 617 Kl. Orgain Donnaincga hi. xv. kl. Mai.* Mors meic ComgaUl 7 quies Eogain Epscoip. 623 Quies Fergnai abbastis lae. 624 Kl. Nati vitas Adamnatn. 625 Kl. Mors KonaLn meic TuathaU. 629 Kl. Mors Echdacli buide meic Aedain. 631 Kl. Mors Cinaeda Rig Alban 7 Edain Rig Saxan. 634 Kl. Mors Oengusa meic Nechtain. 642 Kl. Mors DomhnaiU bricc. 645 Kl. Mors Oengusa Leithoane ic Glennamain. 652 Kl. Quies Segene abbatis lae. 686 Kl. Cath mor etir Cndthncchii.S 687 Ivl. Quies Fergusa Episcopi 7 Righ Cruithnech. 704 Kl. Adamnan abbas lae 7 sapiens quievit in Christo. 754 Kl. Mors Sleibue abbatis lae. 794 Kl. Orcain lae Coluimchille.^ 807 Kl. Guin Congail meic Thaidg in Albain} * Battles of Kathindruad and Ardsennain. '' Plunder of Donnanega on the fifteentli day before the Kalends of May. K Great battle between the Cruithnech. •i Phinder of Hi ColumciUe. ' Slaughter of Congal son of Tadg in Alban. FEOM THE ANNALS OF INISFALLEN. 169 819 KL Mors Aeda meic Neill Rig Temrachfor slua- gud in Alham) 820 Kl. Mors Causantin meic Fergusa Rig Albain. 854 KL Indreclitaig hua Finechta Abbas lae hi mar" dochoid oc did do Roim Saxanu?- 858 Kl. Quies Cinaed mace Alpin Rig Albain. 862 Kl. Mors Domnail meic Alpin Rig Albain. 870 KL Quies Feradaich abbatis lae Coluimchille. 891 Quies Faelain meic Maelduin abbatis lae Coluim- cille. 900 Kl. Mors Domnail Rig Allan} 980 KL viL f. xxi. 1. [983] Quies Mugroin Comarbai Coluimchille. 986 KL vi. f. xvL lun. [988] Indred dan Coluimchille do Gallaibh J na insc do fasugud doih i^ Eps lae do- marhad doibJ^ 995 KL iii. f. xx-vd. lun. vii. Bas Cinacda meic Mail- choluimb Ardri AlhanP- 1008 Kl. Ferdomnach Gomarha Coluimchille quievit." 1033 KL En. f. luan. Cormacc mac Foclain Comarha meic Hii quievit.P 1034 KJ. En f. mairt 'j viL Maelcolaim mac Cinaeda Ri Alban moritur.*^l 1093 KL Enair. Maclcholuim mac Donnchada Ri Allan J Death of Aed mac Neill, king of Tara while hostiug in Alban. ^ Indrechtaig, grandson of Finechta, Abbot of la, martyred on his journey to Rome by the Saxons. ' Death of Donald king of Alban. ™ The laying -waste of Dan' Coluracille by the Galls and the islands ravaged by them, and the Bishop of la slain. ° Death of Cinaed son of Malcolm, sovereign of Alban. ° Ferdomnach Corb of Columba died. P Cormac son of Foelan Corb of the sons of Hi died. 1 Malcolm son of Kenneth king of Alban died. 170 FEOM THE ANNALS OF INISFALLEN. 7 a mac domarhad do \F'\rancaib a boegul clmtha 7 Margareta .i. a hen doec da chumaidy 109i KL Enair. Donnchad mac Maelcohiim Ri Allan occisus est Domnaill meic Donncliada. Domnaill sin dan do gabail rige Alhan iarscin.^ 1105 Kl. Isin hliadin sin tucad in Camall quod est aiiimal mirse magnitudinis rig Alhain do Murcher- tach ua Briain} 1111 KL Domnaill mac Taidg do dulfordunaig i tuais- ccrt h-Erend j coragaib rigc Insegall ar cgein.^ 1130 Kl. Ar fer Muriamh in Alhain7 ' Malcolm son of Duncan, king of Alban, and his son slain by the Franks in battle, and Margareta his wife died of grief >* Duncan son of Malcolm, king of Alban, slain by Donald, son of Duncan. That Donald then took the kingdom of Alban after that. ' In this year a camel, which is an animal of wonderful size, was presented by the king of Alban to Murcertaoh O'Brian. " Donald son of Tadg carried war into the north of Ireland, and acquired the kingdom of Insegall by force. ^' Slaughter of the men of Moray in Alban. CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 171 XXIX. CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS, mccli. MS. EEIT. MUS. HARL. 402S. A REGISTRO PRIORATUS SANCTI ANDHEiE. NOMINA REGUM QUI PRIMO REGNAVERUNT IN SCOTIA. 1. JJ ERGUS filius Erth primus in Scotia regnavit tribus aiiiiis ultra Drumalbin usque Sluaghmaner et usque ad IncligaaU. 2. Domenghart filius Fergus 5 annis regnavit. 3. CongaU filius Donenghart 24 annis regnavit. 4. Gouran filius Donenghart 22 annis regnavit. 5. ConaU filius Congal 14 annis. 6. Heogliedbad 16 annis. 7. Kiueth Ker filius Conal 3 mensibus. 8. Edhan filius Garan 34 aunis.^ 9. Ferchar filius Ewini 16 annis. 10. Dovenald Breck filius Heogliedbad 14 annis. 11. Malduin filius Douewald dunn annis 16. 12. Ferthar Foda 21 annis. 13. Heoghed monanel filius Dondgliart filii Donevald brek 3 annis. 14. ArenkeUeth filius Findan 1 anno. 15. Heodgan filius Findan 16 annis. 1 6. Murdac filius Arinkellath 3 annis. 17. Geoghan filius Murdac 2 annis. 18. Hethfin filius Heoclietramele 30 annis. 11). Fergus filius Hethfin 3 annis. ' MS. adds Iransponi debet. 172 CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 20. Icaliilanc filius Eooafran 24 annis. 21. Heogled aniiine filius Hethfine 30 annis. 22. Dungal filius Heogled annine 7 annis. 23. Alpinus filius Heogled annine 5 annis. Hie occisus est in Gallowathia postquam earn penitus destruxit et devastavit et tunc translatum est regnum Scotorum in regnum Pictorum. NOMINA REGUM PICTOKUM. 1. Chruthneus filius Kinne Clemens judex accepit Monarchiam in regno Pictorum et 50 annis regnavit. 2. Gede 101 annis regnavit. 3. Thoran 100 annis, 4. Duchil 40 annis. 5. Duordeghall 20 annis. 6. Deokleth GO annis. 7. Cimibust 20 annis. 8. Karanetlireclit 40 annis. 9. Garnatlibolus 9 annis. 10. Wmpopwall 30 annis. 11. Fiacha albus 30 annis. 12. Canatulmet 6 annis. 13. Donarmahl-netalec 1 anno. 14. Feredak filius 2 annis. 15. Garnard dives 60 annis. 16. Talarg filius Keother 25 annis. 17. Drust filius Irb vixit 100 annis et 100 bella peregit. 18. Tholarg filius Ajuile 2 annis. 19. Netthan thelcliamoth 10 annis. 20. Durst Gemot 30 annis. 21. Gidam 25 anni.s. 22. Drust filius Gigurum 5 annis. 23. Drust filius Hudresseg 8 annis. 24. Ganat filius Gigurum 6 aunis. 25. Kelhiran frater ejus 6 annis. 26. Golors; filius Madoleg xi annis. 27. Drust filius Moneth 1 anno. CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 173 28. Tagaled 4 annis. 29. Brude filius Melcho 30 annis. Hunc ad fideni convertit Sanctus Cohimba. 30. Gernerd filius Dompneth 20 annis. 31. Netthad filius Irb 21 annis. Hie sedificavit Aber- netliiam. 32. Kinet filius Luthren 14 annis. 33. Nectan filius Fotle 5 an:iis. 34. Brude filius Fathe 5 annis. 35. Tolerg filius Fetebar xi annis. 36. Tlialargon filius Confrud 4 annis. 37. Garnard Donnall 5 annis. 38. Drust frater ejus 6 annis. 39. Brude filius Bile 21 annis. Cvijus tempore floruit Sanctus Adamauus. 40. Turan filius Amsedeth 14 annis. 41. Brude filius DeciU 31 annis. 42. Fertben frater ejus 18 annis. 43. Garnath filius Ferath 24 annis. 44. Oengusu filius Ferguse 16 annis. 45. Nettlian filius Decili 9 mensibus. 46. Alpin filius Feret 6 mensibus. 47. Onegussa filius Brude 6 mensibus. Idem iterum 36 annis regnavit. 48. Brude filius Tonegus 8 annis. 49. Durst filius Talergan 1 anno. 50. Talargau filius Drustan 4 annis. 51. Talargau filius Tenegus 5 annis. 52. Constantinus filius Fergusa 42 annis. Hie sedificavit Dunkelden. 53. Hungus filius Fergusa x annis. Hie sedifieavit Kilremont. 54. Drustalorg 4 anuis. 55. Coganan filius Hungus 3 annis. 56. Ferat filius Batot 3 annis. 57. Brunde filius Ferat 1 mense 58. Ktnat filius Ferat 1 anno. 59. Brude filius Fetal 2 auuis. 174 CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. GO. Drust fiKus Ferat 3 aniiis. Hie occisus est apiid Forteviot, sed, secundum alios, apud Scouam. SEQUNTUR NOMINA REGUM SCOTORUM. 1. Kinart mac Alp in 16 annis super Scotos regnavit, destnictis Pictis. Mortuus in Forteviet, sepultus in lona insula ubi tres filii, scilicet, Fergus, Loern, Teuegus sepulti fuerimt. Hie in ira caliditate duxit Scotos de Argadia in terram Pictorum. 2. Doneuall mac AJpin 4 anuis. Mortuus in Eaith Inve- rament sepultus in lona insula. 3. Constantinus mac Kinet 16 annis. Interfectus fuit a Norvagensibus in bello Inuerdofacta. Sepultus in lona insula. 4. Edli mac Kinet 1 anno. Interfectus in bello in Strath- alien a Girg filio Dmigel. Sepultus in lona. 5. Carus mack Dmigall 1 2 annis. Mortuus in Drmdurn et sepultus in lona. Hie subjugavit sibi Hiberniam totam et fere Angliam et hie primus dedit libertatem Ecelesire SeotieanEe, quge sub servitute erat ad illud usque tempus ex eonstitutione et more Pictorum. 6. Dovenal mack Constantin xi. annis. Mortuus in Fores, et sepultus in lona. 7. Constantin mack Ethu 40 annis. Hie dimisso regno sponte Deo in habitu religioso Abbas factus Keledeormn Sancte Andrese 5 annis. Ibi mortuus est et sepultus. 8. MaleoLm mack Dovenal 9 annis. Interfectus in "N^urn a Moraviensibus. Sepultus in lona. 9. Indulf mack Constantin 9 annis. Interfectus a Nor- vagensibus in Inertolan. Septdtus in lona. 10. Duff mac Colm 4 annis et sex mensibus. In- terfectus in Fores et abseonditus sub ponte de Kinlos et sol non apparuit quamdiu ibi latuit. Sepultus in lona, 11. Culen mac Indulf 4 annis et G mensibus. Interfec- tus ab Andarch filio Dovenald propter filiam suam in Laodana. 12. Kinath mac Colm 24 annis et 2 mensibus. Inter- CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 175 fectus in rotherkern a suis per perfidiam FincUe Ciuinu- cliar comitis de Anegus cujus Findle filium uuicum pre - dictus Kenath interfecit apud Dunismoen. 13. Constantin mac Culean 1 auno et sex mensibus. Interfectus a Kiuatli filio Malcolmi in Rathveramoen et sepultus in lona. 14. Girus mac Kinath mac Duff 8 annis. Interfectus a filio Kiuet in Moeghauard et sepultus in lona. 15. Malcolm mac Kinat rex victoriosissimus 30 annis. Mortuus in Glemmis et sepultus in lona. 1 C. Doncliath mac Trim abbatis de Dunkelden et Betli- ocli filije Malcolmi mac Kinoth 6 annis. Interfectus a Mackbeth mac Fialeg in Botligauenan et sepultus in lona. 1 7. Macbeth mac Finlen 1 7 annis. Interfectus in Lun- faneu a Malcolm mac Donechat et sepultus in lona. 18. Lulacli fatuus 4 mensibus. Interfectus est in Esseg in Stratlibologia, sepultus in lona. 19. Malcolm mac Donechat 37 annis et 8 mensibus. Interfectus in Inweraldan et sepultus in lona. Hie fuit vir Sancta3 Margaritie. 20. Donald mac Donehatprius regnavit sex mensibus et postea expulsus et Donechet mac Malcobn regnavit 6 mensibus. Hoc interfecto a Malpeder Mackcolm coniite de Merns in Monacheden, rursus Donald mac Donehat reg- navit 3 annis. Hie captus est ab Edgar mac Malcolm, coe- catus est et mortuus Eosolpin. Sepultus in Dmikelden. Hinc translata ossa in lona. 21. Edgar 9 annis. Mortuus in Dunedin et sepultus in Dumferline. 22. Alexander 17 annis et 3 mensibus et dimidio. Mortuus in Crasleth. Sepultus in Dmifermlme. 23. David 29 annis et 3 mensibus. Mortuus in Car- lelle. Sepultus in Dumfermline. 24. Malcolm filius Henrici filii David annis 12, sex mensibus et 20 diebus. Mortuus apud Jedwarth. Sepultus Dunfermline. 25. Willielmus 52 annis. Mortuus in Stirlin. Sepultus in Aberbrothock, cui successit mitissimus rex Alexander. 176 CHEdNICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. Summa annorum a Kinat mac Alpin ad regnum Alex- andri 501 annis. 26. Alexander fiUus puer septem annorum coronatus apud Sconam 3 Idus Jixlii a Davide episcopo Sancti Andi'eae 1251. Hie rex perrexit in Angliam et honori- fice siisceptus a rege Anglise apud Eboracum, factus est miles, et crastino die desponsavit regis iiliam. Nescio quo infortuitu Diabolus seminatus discordiam inter mag- nates terrae hujus, Cancellarius et Justiciarius Scotise apud regem Anglite accusati, ah officiis deprivati, et alii in loco illorum substituti. THE CRONICON ELEGIACUM. 177 XXX. THE METEICAL CHEONICLE, COMMONLY CALLED THE CEONICON ELEGIACUM, mcclxx. a MS. BODL. C. IV. 3. b MS BRIT. M0S. COTT. FAUSTINA, B. IX. C MS. BRIT. MUS. BIB. BEG. 17. U. XX.^ i: RIMUS in Albania fertur regnasse Kynetus Filius Alpini, prelia multa gerens Expulsis Pictis regnaverat octo bis annis Apud^ Ferthevioth mortuus ille fuit^ Eex Dovenaldus ei successif* quatuor annis In bello miles strenuus ille fait ^ MS. a contains the only com- plete and separate copy of tlie Cronicon Elegiacum. MS. b is the Chronicle of Meh-ose, in which the verses applicable to each king are inserted in a different hand under the date of his death in connexion with a prose chronicle. MS. c is Wyuton's Chronicle, in which the verses ai-e inserted in a similar manner umler the reign of each king. MS. a has been selected as the text. The prose Chronicle, which precedes the beginning of the Metrical Chronicle in h, is as follows : — Anno DCCXLJ. obiit Ewain rex Seottoriim, cui siiccessit Murezaut filius ejus. Anno DCCXLiv. obiit Murezaut rex Scottorum, cui successit Ewen filius ejus. Anno DCCXLVIJ. obiit Ewen rex Scottorum, cui successit Hed Abbus filius ejus. Anno DCCLXXVIJ. obiit Hed rex Scottorum, cui successit Fergus filius ejus. Anno DCCLXXX. obiit Fergus rex Scottorum, oui successit Seluad filius ejus. Anno DCCCiv. obiit Seluad rex Scottorum, cui successit Eokal venenosus. Anno Dcccxxxrv. obiit Eokal rex Scottorum, cui successit Dun- gal filius ejus. Anno DCCCXLj. obiit Dungal tsk Scottorum ; Alpinus filius Eokal ei successit. Anno DCCCXLUJ. obiit Alpinus re.TC Scottorum, cui successit Kined filius ejus, de quo dicitur. ^ 6 reads Adr/iie; c reads £t post. ^ b inserts here, Iste vocatus est rex primus, non quia fuit sed quia primus leges Scoticanas insti- tuit, quas vocant leges Macalpin. Anno DCCCLix. obiit Kinedus rex Scottorum, cui successit Dovenal- dus de quo dicitur. * c reads erat in Scotia. M THE CEONICON ELEGIACUM. Eegis predict! frater fuit ille Kyneti Qui Scone fertur subditus esse iieci' Fit Constaiitinus post liunc rex bis terni aunis" Regis Kyneti filius ille fuit In bello'pugnans Dacorum corruit armis Nomine Nigra specus est ubi pugua fuit' Ejusdem frater regnaverat Albipes Edlius Qui Grig Dungalide'' saucius ense perit. Hie postquam primiuu regni compleverat annum, In Stratalun vitam ulnere finierat.^ Girg sua jui-a gereus aimis deca tetra et octo^ In Dunduren probus moite retentus erat. Hie dedit ecelesie libertates' Scoticane, Que sub Pictorum lege redacta fuit. Hujus ad imperium fuit Anglia tota subacta,* Quod non leva dedit sors sibi bella terens.* Post hunc in Scocia regnavit rex Douenaldus ; Qui^" Constantino filius ortus erat. In villa fertur rex iste perisse Eorensi, Undecimo regni sole rotante sui.^* Constantinus item, cujus pater Edh fuit Albus, Bis deca Rex annis vixerat atque decern. Andree sancti fuit hie quinquennis in urbe ; Eeligionis ibi jure fruens obiit.'^ Huic rex Malcolmus succeSsit ter tribus annis, Eegis Donaldi filius iste^^ fuit. ' 6 insertshere, Anno DCCCLXiu. ohiit Doiienaliius rex Scpttomni. ^ h reads quiii'/ue ter ann'is. c reads — Jam Constantinus fuerat rex quinqut ter annis. •> b inserts here. Anno DCCCLXXviij. oceiditur Constanti- nus rex Scottorum. Rex Scotonun Hed frater ejus. ■* h reads Dofnalide. c reads makDuugal. * b inserts, Anno DC(CL.\XIX. rex Scotoriim Het [frater ejus] occiditur ; post qiiem [rex Scotto- rum Grig filius Doucualdi.] " /) and c read rex Jit el octo. ' c reads Uhertatem. ^ b reads peracta. ^ b inserts, Anno Dcccxcvij. obiit Grig Scottorum rex ; rex Scottorum Douenaldus filius C'ou- stantini. '" h and c read Hie. ^^ ?< inserts here, Anno Drcco'iij. eodem anno periit Dofnaldus rex Scottorum, post qnem rex Scotto- rum Constantinus filius Hedi. '- b inserts here, Anno rcrccxLiij. obiit Constantinus Rex Scottorum. '■^ b and c read ille. THE CEONICON ELEGIACUM. 179 Interfercerunt liiinc Ulrum* Morauienses : Gentes apostatice fraude doloque cadit.^ Post hunc Indulfus totidem regnaverat annis : Ens Constantini filius Ethaide. In bello pugnans ad fluminis hostia Colli ^ Dacorum gladiis protinus occubuit.* Quatuor et senis rex Duf reguavit arestis, MalcoLmo natus, regia vita^ gerens. Hunc interfecit gens perfida Moraiiiensis, Cujus erat gladiis casus in urbe Fores. Sol abdit radios, ipso sub ponte latente, Quo fuit absconsus, quoque repertus erat.® Filius Indulfi totidem quoque rex fuit annis, Nomine Culenus ; vir fuit insipiens. Fertur apud Lemias' ilium truncasse Eadhardus, Pro ritpta nata quam sibi rex rapuit.^ Inclitus in Scocia^ fertur regnasse Kynedus Malcolmi natus, quatuor et deca bis. Iste Forchirkeru'"' talis et arte peremptus, Nate Cunicari Finglene^' fraude cadens.'^ Rex Constantinus Culeni filius ortus. Ad caput amnis Amon'^ ense peremptus erat, In jus regale ;^'* regens uno rax et semis annis, Ipsum Kinedus Malcolomida ferit.'^ Annorimi spacio rex Grym ragnaverat octo, Kyneti natus qui genitus '® Duf erat. '" b reads Fotherkerne ; c Fethyr- ki'nif. '^ b reads Cuncari Fimberhele ; c Cuncari Flmbel. '^ 6 inserts here, Anno Dccccxcilij. rex Scottorum Kined occiditur ; post queni rex Scotto- nim Constantinus Calwus, filius CiUini. '^ 6 reads A veil ; c A wi/ne. ^* b reads Teyalere. ^^ b inserts here, Anno Dccccxov. rex Scottorum Constantinus neca- tur ; post quern [rex Scottorum Grim, sivf' Kinedus, filius Duf.] ' 6 reads in Ulmn. c in Wlru. ^ b inserts here. Anno dccccli.t. rex Scottorum Malcolmus interfi- citur. ^ 6 reads Collin ; c Collyne. * b inserts here, Anno DccccLXj. rex Scottoriuu ludulfiis occiditur ; post quem. ^ b and c reaA jura. •^ b inserts here, Anno dcccclxv. rex Duf Scottorum interficitur ; post quem. ' 6 reads Loinas ; c Lovias. * b inserts here. Anno DCCCCLXI.\. rex Scottorum Culenu.s perimitur ; post quem. ! Two last lines omitted in < ^ c reads — Poslquem rex fertur Scot is. ISO THE GRONICON ELEGIACU.AI. Quo truncatus erat, Bardoruni campus habetur, A nato KjTieth nomine Malcolomi.^ Idem^ Malcolmus deca ter regnavit aristis, In pugnis miles bellicus atque probus;* In vico Glammes rapuit mors improba* regem ;^ Sub pede paratis." hostibus ille ruit/ Abbatis Crini, jam dicti, filia regis, Uxor erat Bethoc, nomina digna sibi.^ Ex ilia genuit Duncanum nomine natum, Qui senis annis rex erat Albanie, A Finlath^ natus percussit eum Macabed Funere'" letali rex aput Elgyn obit." Rex Macabeda decem Scotie septemque fit annis : In cujus regno fertile tempus erat. Hunc in Limphauan'^ truncavit morte cruente^' Duucani natus, nomine Malcolomus.'* Mensibus infeHx Lulach tribus extiterat rex Armis ejusdem Malcolomi cecidit. Fata viri fueraut in Stratlibolgyn aput Essy :''' Heu sic incaute Rex raiser occubuit.'^ Hos in pace viros tenet insula lona sepulta In tumulo regum, judicis usque diem.'' Ter deca quinque'* valens annis et mensibus octo Malcolmus dictus'" rex erat in Scocia Anglorum gladiis in bello sternitur heros : Hie rex in Scotia primus humatus erat.°" ^ b inserts here, Anno m.iij. ' obiit Duncanus rex Scottorum, cu- res Scottorum Grim necatiir ; post jus reguum Macbet sibi usurjiavit. qiiem. \ ^'- b reads Lavfnaut. 2 r r^nrla P/s-T nii^ntlfi ^^ c reads Rex qxwijue. ^ h and c read victoriosus erat. ■" b reads libera. ' c reads (juandamrjue puellare. ''• b and c read prostratis. ' b and c read peril. * b reads .SHJ.and inserts here, An- no M.xxxiiiJ. iste Malcolmus non hahuit filium, set iiliam ; que erat uxor abbatis Dunoaneli Crini, et. b and c read crudeli. '•' b inserts here. Anno m.lv. Lulach quatuor menses et dinii- dium regnavit. '•> b and c read Essen. ^^ a reads opprhnibur. '" b inserts here, Anno M.LVI. The ])oera terminates here in c. ^^ 6 reads vjque. '^ b reads decus. ^ b reads Fiiileg ; c Fynluke. j -" b inserts here. Anno m.xciij. '" b and c read viJnere. ! Douenaldus regnum Scotie invasit, " 6 inserts here, Anno M.xxxix. de quo dicitur. THE CEONICON ELEGIACUM. 181 Jleusibus in regno sex regnavit Douenaldus, Malcolmis regis frater, in Albania. Abstulit liuic reguiim Dimcanus Malcolomides ; Mensibus et totidem rex erat in Scocia. • Hie erat^ occisiis Mernensibus in Monehedne f De male vivendo plebs premit omnis euni.^ Eursus Dofnaldus, Duncano rege perempto Ternis rex aimis regia jura tenet. Captus ad Edgaro vita'* privatnr at ille, Eoscolpin obiit ; ossaque lona tenet. Post hunc Edgarus regnavit ter tribus annis, Eex Edinburgo fertiir obisse probus. Eegis Alexandri regnuni duravit aristis Quinque bis et septem, mensibus atque tribus.'' In Scocia tota postquam pax firma vigebat, Fertur apud Strivelin mors rapuisse virum.® Bis deca rex annis David fuit atque novenis, In Scocia, caute provida prospiciens. Postquam castellis regnum munivit et arniis, Eex Carduille fertur obisse senex. Istius in regno quidam fuit insidiator, Quem cum cepisset, lumine privat eum, Hunc ex pane cibat : cui regis uata solebat. Currere ludendo ; quam fodit ultor atrox. Cum videt nate pregnans regina cruorem, Anxia quem peperit ut caro nuda fuit. Ille comes fuerat Henricus, ductor ad arma ; Malcolmi, Wilhelmi pater, atque David ; Conditus in Keltou prevenit morte parentem. Malcolmi laudem vita pudica perit.' Hie successit avo tractando regia Septra.* Bis senis annis, mensibus atque tribus. ' b reads /ai J. '■' b reads Monodedhiio. ^ b reads ilium. * o reads visu. ' b reads octo. ^ h reads reyem. " These ten lines are in a onlj-. * b reads — IhcUIus in Scotia regnavit Mulcolmus Rex. 182 THE CRONICON ELEGIACUM. Non satis in regno jam tunc pax firma vigebat: Fertiir apud Gedwdde^ Eex sine labe mori. Quatuor hii reges jam^ sunt in pace sepulti, In tnrahaqne jacent^ Eex ubi Malcobnus.* Flos regum, regnique vigor ; decus omne virorum, Viulehnus, celum, rex probus, ingreditur Annis in regno jam quinquaginta peractis In Strivilino mors rapit atra senem. Pridie rex obiit Nonas, in pace, Decembris : Qui Prodocensi conditur almus humo. Tunc agitur regimen facientis regia septra Eegis Alexandri, nobilis et pii. Cleri protector ; rigidi quoque jiu'is amator ; Munificusque dator ; inclitus iste fuit. Ter deca, cum quinque, regni cum fecerat annis ; Fuit in Ergadia ; set sine fine manet. Fine caret jure, cujus probitatis honestas Per famani vivit ; per bona facta viget. Ergadia moritiu- Octo cum fecerat Idus Julius. Ac Melros ossa seprdta tenet. Nomen habet patris ; utinam patris acta sequatur, Filius, Albanica qui modo sceptra tenet. ' h reads Gedewrlie.. - h reads tunc. ■' 6 reads resident. * The poem terminates here in b. The rest is in a only. LEGEND OF ST. ANDREW. 183 XXXI. LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW, mcclxxix. MS. BRIT. MUS. HAKL. 462S. A REGISTBO PEIORATUS SANCTI ANDREW. Anno ab incamatione Domini nostri Jesu Christi 345, Constantinus nepos Constantini filii Helena, congregavit exercitum magnum ad depopulandum Patras civitatem, in vindictam suspensionis beati AndrecB Apostoli Christi, et ut inde aiifferat reliquias ipsius. Tertia autem nocte, ante- quam Imperator cum exercitu intraret civitatem, angelus Dei descendens de ccelo apparuit Sanctis viris, qui cus- todiebant reUquias Sancti Andrete Apostoli, et praecepit^ sancto episcopo Eegulo, ut ipse cum clericis suis iret ad sarcophagum, in quo erant recondita ossa beati Andreas, et inde tolleret tres digitos manus dextrte, et bracbium inter cubitmn et bumerum, et patellam genu Ulius, et unum ex dentibus suis. Ipsi vero has partes de reliquiis tollentes, sicut angebis illos jusserat, ia loco secretissimo reposuerunt. Die vero sequente post harum reliquiarum repositionem, sub ortu sobs, venit Imperator Constantius cum exercitu suo, et urbem depopulavit, et provinciam ; et secum Eoma; asportavit scrinium, in quo cetera ossamenta Sancti Apostoli invenit reposita. Quo adveniens depredavit insula:n Tyberis, et Colossiam, et inde tulit secum ossa Sancti Lucte Evangelistje, et Timothei discipuli beati Pauli Apostoli, usque ad Constantinopolim cum reliquiis beati Andrefe. Tunc temporis Hungus, filius Ferlon, magnus Eex Pic- torum, congregavit exercitum suum contra Adhelstanum Eegem Saxonum, et castrametatus est ad ostium fluminis Tyne. Nocte vero ipsa, ante congressionem duorum exer- cituum, beatus Andreas apparuit Eegi Pictorum Hungo 184 LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW. iu somniis, dicens ei quod ipse Apostolus, in die sequeute, iniinicuin exercitum ita expugnaret, ut ipse Hungus piece de inimicis triumpharet. Cui rex ait " quis es tu ? et imde " venis?" Beatus Andreas respondens ait, " ego sum Andreas " Apostolus Cliristi, et nunc de coelo veni, a Deo missus re- " velare tibi quod in die crastino expugnabo inimicos tuos, " et tibi subjugabo, et Iceta victoria potitus ipse cum exer- " citu tuo incolumis reparabis, et iu regnum tuum reliquiae " mese efferentur, et locus ad quern deferentur cum omni " honore et veneratione Celebris erit, usque in ultimum diem " seculi." Rex autem, ex somno evigilans, enarravit omni - bus suis ea qute dormienti revelaverat beatus Andreas. Quibus auditis Pictorum populus exhUaratus, jurejurando affirmavit, perpetuo ciim omni diligentia se beato Andi-eae venerationem exhibiturum, si ea qu£e Regi suo monstra- verat ad eflectum ducerentur. Die autem postero Picti, ex sponsione Apostoli letificati, prelium pararunt ; et, diviso exercitu, cii'ca Eegem suum septem agraiaa statuerunt. Saxones vero suum dividentes exercitum, Eegem suum Adhelstanum bis septem constipati simt agminibus. Facto autem cougressu, Saxones omni virtute illico destituti, Deo volente, et Sancto Apostolo Andrea pro Pictis inter- veniente, in fugam detorsi sunt. Regis autem Saxonum Adhelstani capite amputato, innumera Saxonum facta est caedes. Eex vero Hungus victoria potitus, cum exer- citu non modico in ten-a[m] suam rediens, caput Adhelstani secum precepit adferri, et iu loco qui dicitur Ardchin- nechun, infra portum qui nunc dicitur Portus Eeginse, ligno fecit affigi. Post istam ope coelesti adeptam vic- toriam, in Pictos postmodum non ausi sunt insurgere Saxones. Post hujus belli felicem victoriam non multis evolutis diebus, angelus Die iterum de coelo venit ad beatum Episcopum Eegulum, quem ita alloquitur : " Ex Dei " summi priscepto partes aquilonares adire non differes, " adversus solem orientem, cimi reliquiis discipuli Christi " Andrece ; quos ex monitu nostro jamdudum reservasti, " et quocunque loco navis ilia quae te et tuum vebet per LEGEND OF ST. ANDKEW. 185 " mare couveutum, coiiquassata fuerit, te cum sociis salvo et " incolumi, ibi in nomine Domini et Apostoli siii Andreee " jace fundamentum ecclesiae. Locus enim iUe vobis erit per " seculum reqiiies, et ibidem erit resurrectio in die extremi " examinis." Eegulus vero episcopus, juxta praeceptum an- geli, Sanctis viris comitatus, cimi reliquiis Sancti Apostoli, erga aquilonem teudit navigio, et per uuius anni spatium et dimidii, multis tempestatuum jactus procellis, per insulas Greci maris quocunque appulsus fuit, oratorium in honorem Sancti Andreas constituit. Innumeros itaque Sancti viri labores perpessi, per marina Uttora, Deo ducente, in aquilonem vela direxerunt, et in terra Pictorum, ad locum qui Muckros fuerat nuncupatus, nunc autem Kylrimont dictus, nocte Sancti Michaelis, applicuerunt. Muckros vero nemus porcorum dicitur. Navi vero qua vehebantur ad scopulos conquassata, crucem quandam, quam secum de Patras portaverant, ibidem sibi erectis papilionibus in terra fixenmt, in signum quod por- taverant sacrorum, et contra demoniun insidias curamentum, et ibidem per dies septem et totidem noctes manserunt. Ibidem dimissis senioribus Sancto Damiauo et fratre suo Meriuach, in ipsius loci custodiam, Eegulus et cseteri viri cum Sanctis reliquiis Sanctissimi Apostoli Andrese ad For- tevieth perrexerunt, et iUic tres filios Eegis Hungi reperie- runt, scilicet, Howonam, et Nechtan, et Phinguineghert. et quia pater iUorum in expeditione in partibus Argathelise tunc temporis extitit, de ciijus vita filii multum soliciti erant, Deo et Sancto Audrete dederunt decimam partem de urbe Fortevieth. Ibidem vero crupe quadam erecta, loco et loci babitatoribus Eegis filiis, benedixerunt. Inde per- rexerunt Moneclatu, qui nunc dicitur Moniclii, et ibi Eegiaa Finehem Eegi Hrmgo filiam enixa est, qu^ Mouren vocata est. Corpus illius virgiiiis Mouren apud Kylrimont sepulta est, nuUo ante hoc ibidem sepulto. Finehem vero Eegina domum in qua filiam Mouren pepererat dedit Deo et Sancto Andrese, et totum atrium regale perpetuo. Inde transierunt montana, scilicet, Moneth, et venerunt ad lacum qui vocabatur Doldencha, nunc autem dictus Chondroch- edalvan. Ibi Hungus Eex sublimis de expeditione rediens, 186 LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW. viri[s] Sanctis obveuit, et coram reliquiis Sancti Andreae Apostoli sibi ostensis, cum omni hmnilitate et reverentia se prostravit ; Pictis omnibus nobilibiis qui cum illo erant, similiter cum Eege himiili, prostratis coram reliquiis. Eex vero locum ilium, scilicet, Doldaucha, dedit Deo et Sancto Andreas Apostolo, et ecclesiam ibi edificavit ubi reliquiae sibi nudfE ostensse erant. lude Eex cum Sanctis viiis mon- tana, scilicet, Moneth, transiens, venit usque ad Moiiichi. Ibidem et in honore[m] Dei et beati Apostoli ecclesiam edifica\'it, et ita venit Eex cum Sanctis viris ad Fortevietli, et ibi Deo et Apostolo basilicam sedificavit. Postea vero Eex Hungus, cum Sanctis viris, venit Chilrymont, et mag- nam partem loci illius circumiens, obtulit illam Deo et Sancto Andreoe Apostolo, ad edificandum ibi basilicas et oratorias. Locimi vero ipsum, nota e\'idente desig- natum, ex magna devotione septies circumierunt. Eex Hungus et ipse Episcopus Eegulus, et viri cajteri, cir- cuitione et perambulatione ita disposita septena prae- cessit Episcopus Eegulus, super caput suum cum omni veneratione reliquias Sancti Apostoli deferens, suo sacro conventu episcopum cum comitibus hpnnidicis sequente. Illos vero devotus secutus Eex Hungus est pedentim, Deo intimas preces et gratias fundens devotus. Eegem vero secuti sunt viri optimates totius regni nobiliores. Ita locum ipsimi Deo commendarunt, et pace regia munierunt. In signum vero regia3 commendationis, per loci cii'cuitum divisim 1 2 cruces lapideas viri sancti erexerunt ; et Deo cceli humiliter supplicabant, ut omnes in illo loco mente devota, et intentione pura, orationis suse petitionis effica- ciam obtinerent. Postea Eex Hungus basilica Sancti Apostoli in paro- cliiam dedit quicquid terrte est inter mare quod Ishun- denema dicebatur, usque ad mare quod Sletheuma voca- batur ; et in adjacienti provincia per circuitum de Largaw, usque ad Sii-eis canuni ; et de Sireis usque ad Hyliat- nouhten Machehirb, qure tellus nunc dicitur Hadnacliten. Eex vero dedit hunc locum, scilicet, Cliilr^Tnonth, Deo et Sancto Andrea; ejus Apostolo, cum aquis, pratu, cum agris, cum pascuis, cum moris, cum nemoribus in eliemosynam LEGEND OF ST. ANDREW. 187 perpetuo ; et tauta libertate locimi ilium donavit, ut illius inhabitatores liberi et quieti semper existerent de exercitu, et de operibus castellorum et pontium, et de iuquietatione omniimi secularium exactionum. Eegulus vero episcopus Deo cantavit orationem Allej. ut Deus locum istum in eleemosinam datum in sempiternam protegeret, et custo- diret in honorem Apostoli. In memoriale datse libertatis Eex Hungus cespitem arreptum, coram nobilibus Pictis, hominibus suis, usque ad altare Sancti Andrese detulit ; et super illud cespitem eundem obtulit. In presentia testium horum hoc factum est, Thalarg filii Ytherubuthib, Nactan filii Chelturan, Garnach filii Dosnach, Drusti filii Wrthi-osst, NaclitaUch filii Gigherti, Shinah filii Lxitheren, Anegus filii Forchete, Pheradach filii Finleich, Phiachan sui filLi, Bolge, Glunmerach filii Taran, Demene filii Aunganena, Duptalaich filii Bergib. Isti testes ex regali prosapia geniti sunt. Postea in Chilrymont sancti viri septem construxerunt ecclesias. Unam in honorem Sancti "Eeguli ; secundam in honorem Sancti Aneglas diaconi : tertiam in honorem Sancti Michaelis Archangeli : quartam in houorem Sanctae Marife virginis : quintam in honorem Sancti Damiani ; sextain in honorem Sanctse Brigidae virginis : septimam in honorem Muren cujusdam virginis, et in ilia ecclesia fuerunt 50 virgines, de semine regio procreatse, omnes Deo dicatse, et velatte undecim annis, et sepultae sunt omnes in orientali parte ipsius ecclesise. Hsec sunt nomina illorum sanctorum virorum qui sacras reliquias Sancti Andrese Apostoli attulerunt in Scotiam. Sanctus Eegulus ipse, Gelasius diaconus, Maltheus liere- mita, Sanctus Daniianus presbyter, et Meriuachus frater ejus. Neruius et Crisenius de Nola insula. Mirenus : et Thuluculus diaconus. Nathabeus, et Silvius frater ejus. Septem heremitfe de insula Tiberis, Felix, Juranus, Mauri- tius, Madianus, Phihppus, Eugenius, Lunus ; et tres vir- gines de Collossia, scilicet, Kiduana,' Potentia, Cineria. Hae virgines sepultae sunt ad ecclesiam Sancti Anaglas. ' sic, probably for Trkluaiw. 188 LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW. Thana filius Diulabracli hoc monumentum scripsit Eegi Pherath filio Bergeth in villa Migdele. Hsec ut prsefati sumus, sicut in veteribus Pictonim libris scripta reperimus, transcripsimus. Affinnant plerique ycotonim beatum Apostolum Andream viventem in corpore ibidem fuisse; hoc argiimentum assertionis suae assiunentes, quod terram Pictorum, scilicet, Scythicam, m sortem prse- dicationis accepit ; et ideo locum istum praj cunctis locis carum habebat ; et quod non explevit vi^^^s expleat came solutus. Quod quia scriptum non reperimus, in neutram partem, negando, vel affirmando, nimium incHnamus : sed quoniam de virtiitibus et miraculis qute per Sanctum Apostolum suum Deus et fecit et facit, facta est mentio, imde et quredain illorum scribendi obtulit se occasio, quae vel scripta reperimus, vel a veridicis audivimus relatoribus, vel etiam ipsi perspeximus, scribere Deo donante disposui- mus ; et hoc non fratres postulaverunt. Interim autem distulimus donee inceptiim compleamus. Deleto igitur funditus Pictonun regno, et a Scotis occupato, vicissim res et possessiones ecclesise crescebant, aut decrescebant, prout reges et principes devotionem ad Sanctum Apostolum habebaut. De quibus non est dicendum modo per singula, sed qyix ad nos spectant compendiose tractanda. Erat autem regia iirbs Eymont, Eegius Mens dicta, quern pra?fatus Eex Hungus Deo et Sancto Apostolo dedit. Sublatis vero a present! vita Sanctis, quorum supra mentionem fecimus, qui cum reliquiis beati Apostoli adven- erant, et eorum discipulis atque imitatoribus, cultus ibi religiosus deperierat, sicut et gens barbara et inculta fuerat. Habebantur tamen in ecclesia Sancti Andrese, quota et quanta tunc erat, tredecim per successionem carnalem quos Keledeos appellant, qui secundum suam jestima- tionem et hominum traditionem, magis quam secundum sanctorum statuta patrum, vivebant. Sed et adliuc simiKter vivunt, et qua?dam habeut communia pauciora, scilicet, et deteriora ; quredam vero propria plura, scilicet, et potiora ; prout quisque ab amicis suis aliqua necessitudine ad se pertinentibus, viz. consaugiiiueis et aftinibus, vel ab iis LEGEND OF ST. ANDREW. 189 quorum animae charse sunt, quod est amiciarum^ amici, sive aliis quibuslibet modis, poterit quis adipisci. Post- quam Keledei effect! sunt, non licet eis habere uxores suas in domibus siiis, sed nee alias de quibus mala oriatur suspitio mulieres. Personse nihiLominus septem fuerunt, oblationes altaris inter se dividentes; quarum septem portionum, unam tan turn habebat episcopus et hospitale unam ; quinque vero reliqute in quinqvie caeteros divide- bantur, qui nullo omnino altari vel ecclesife impende- bant servitium, prseterquam peregrinos et hospites, cum plures quam sex adventarunt, more sue liospitio suscie- piebant, sortem mittentes q\us quos vel quot reciperet. Hospitale sane semper sex et infra suscipiebat. Sex quod nunc, donante Deo, postquam in manum Canonicorum devenit, omnes suscepit eo advenientes. Statuerunt etiam Canonici ut si quis eo seger deveniat, vel infirmatus ibi fuerit, cura ipsius agatur in omnibus necessariis, juxta domus facultatem, usque dum convaleat, vel moriatur. Si quid autem liabuerit, faciat inde quod voluerit ; et dis- ponit ad libitum siium, quoniam in domo ilia nihil exige tur ab Ulo. Constitutus est etiam a Canonicis capellanus, qui et infirmatis et morientium curam agat, et duo fvatres, qui custodimit domum, et hospites suscipiuut, atque infirmis ministrarent ; qui tamen ibi neque come- dunt, neque bibunt, neque induuutur. Ad hoc quoque con- cesserunt Canonici decimas propriorum suorum laborum, et reliquias ciborum suorum. Si quid vero necessarium sive sanis sive infirmis in cellario eorum fuerit, quod de hospi- taU haberi non poterit, sme contradictione donetur. Personte autem supra memoratse redditus et possessiones proprias habebant ; quas, cum e vita decederent, iixores eorum, quas publico tenebant, filii quoque, vel filise, pro- pinqui, vel generi, inter se dividebant. Nihilominus altaris oblationes cui non deserviebant, quod puduissent dicere, si non libuisset eis facere. Nee potuit tantum aufferri malum usque ad tempus fehcis memoriae regis Alexandri, sanctae Dei ecclesiae specialis amatoris ; qui et ecclesiam beati 190 LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW. Andrete Apostoli possessionihus et redditibiis ampliavit, multisque et magnis muueribus cumulavit ; libertatibus et consuetudiuibus, quse sui regii muneris erant, cum regali possessions donavit. Ten-am etiam quse Cursus Apri dicitur, quam cum allatae fuissent reliquire beati Andrefe Apostoli, Eex Hungus, cujus supra mentionem fecimus, Deo et Sancto Apostolo Andreas dederat, et postea oblata fuerat, ex integro instituit ; eo nimirum obtentu et conditione, ut in ipsa ecclesia con- stitueretur religio ad Deo deserviendum. Non enim erat qui beati Apostoli altari desei-viret, nee ibi missa celebra- batur, nisi cum Rex vel Episcopus lUo advenerat, quod rare contigebat. Keledei namque in angulo quodam ecclesise, quse modica nimis erat, suum offieium more sue celebrabant. Cujus douationis regime testes multi sunt superstites. Quam donationem et Comes David, frater ejus, concessit ; quem Eex heredem destiuaverat et in regno successorem, sicut est hodie. Ob cujus etiam donationis mouumentum regium equum Ai-abicum, cum proprio freno, et sella, et scuto, et lancea argentea, opertum pallio grandi et pretioso, prsecepit Eex usque ad altare adduci, et de predictis donis, libertatibus, et consuetudiuibus omnibus regalibus, ecclesiam investrri; arma quoque Tm'chensia diversi generis dedit, qute cum ipsius scuto et sella in memoriam regise munificentiae, usque hodie in ecclesia Sancti Andreee conserventur ; qiue undecunque advenien- tibus populis osteuduntur, ne oblivione uUatenus delentur, quod tam crebro ad memoriam revocatur. Hujus nempe Eegis Alexandri diebus, prope vitse temporalis finem, Domi- nus Eobertus primus Sconensis ecclesite prior (quam et idem Rex Canonicis dederat et multis donis atque possessioni- bus ditaverat), in episcopum Scotorum electus fuit. Sic quippe, ab antiquo, episcopi Sancti Andrete dicti sunt, et in scriptis tam antiquis quam modernis inveniuntur dicti Summi Archiepiscopi sive Sunimi Episcopi Scotorum. Unde et conscribi fecit in tlieca Evangelii Fothet epi- scopus, maximse vir authoritatis, versus istos : Hanc Evangelii thecam construxit aviti. Fothet qui Scotis Summus Episcopus est. LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW. 101 Sic et nunc quoque in vulgari et commvuii locntione Escop Alban, id est, Episcopi Albauitc, appellantur. Sic et dicti sunt, et dicuntur per excellentiam, ab universis Scoto- runi episcopis, qui a locis quibiis prsesunt appellantur. Sed ante ipsius electi consecrationem meinoratus Eex Alexander, ad extrema deductus, fratrem suum Regem David, qui solus ex fratribus supererat, et superest, non tarn regui quam devotionis erga Dei ecclesiam, et pauperum tutelam, reliquit heredem. Satagit enim, et sataget, ut quod frater ejus Eex, saepe dictus, inceperat, ipse ad finem Deo juvaute perduceret. Plures et ecclesias, et plura monasteria, tam monachorum, quam canonicorum, necnon et sancti- monialium constituit ; quibus et mu.lta beneficia contulit. Prseterea in servos et ancillas Christi multa operatus est opera misericordise ; quae non est nostrte facultatis evolvere. Impetravit autem consecrari antistiteni ecclesite Sancti Andreffi jam dictum Dominum Eobertuni, a pise memorise Thurstino Eboracensi Arclnepiscopo, sine professione, vel qualibet exactione salva duntaxat utriusque ecclesise digni- tate, et sanct;-B atque apostolicse sedis autlioritate. Ordinatus igitur episcopus, atque ad sedem propriam reversus, quod anhelabat in pectore, exercere studebat in opere, ut eccle- sia, viz. ampliaretur, et cultui divino dedicaretur. In multis tamen, et ante ordinationem et post, adversatus est ei Satanas ; niultas sustinuit injurias et contunielias, juxta quod ait Apostolus, "omnes qui volunt pie vivere in Christo "persecutionem patiuntur." Portiuncula[na] autem septi- mam altaris, qute eum contigebat, et quam de propriis usibus suis substrahebat, in ecclesiaj opus exijendebat. Sed quoniam impensa erant modica, modice erigebatur et fabrica : donee, Domino cooperante, et proxime Eege David annuente, oblationes in manibus laicorum, tam virorum quam mulierum, exceptse, injisus ecclesise sunt receptae. Dein ubi magis quod daret ad manum haberet, magis ac magis opus accelerabat. Basilica igitur in fundamentis incboata, et ex majori jam parte consummata, domibus quibusdam inceptis, quibusdam ita exactis, cum claustro ut jam possiut habitationes intro- duci, qui non nimia qusererent, et interim per patientiam ex- 192 LEGEND OF 8T. ANDREW. pectarent Domiiium Adebolduni episcopum Carleolensem expetiit, tarn per literas, quam per luissalicos, per vivam quoqite vocem, Eegi David sibi concedere ecclesiam Sancti Oswaldi, cui ipse episcopus jure prioris praeerat, personam quam in partem sui laboris assumeret et Canonicis, quos in ecclesia Sancti Andrens statuere disponebat, priorem con- stitueret. Familiarius siquidem sibi videbatur et diilcius de ipsa ecclesia ibi se Deo devoverat, et habitnm religionis susceperat, unde et Scoueusi ecclesiaj primus Prior desti- natus fuerat : de qua, ut prefati sumus, in Episcopum electus et assumptus erat ; quam aliunde personam acci- pere. Nee tamen quamlibet postulavit personam, sed fratrem Eobertum, non quidem fama notum, vel conver- sione, sed tantum nomine, quem juxta quod ab amicis et familiaribus suis qui eum uoveruut, ad hoc idoneuni esti- mabant. Petiit ergo eum et accepit, nee enim ei de ipsa ecclesia negare poterat vel debebat quicquid rationa- biliter postularet. Memoratus autem frater Eobertus ex prsecepto Domini Episcopi aliquandiu apud Sanctum Andream conversatus est, et sine Canonicis, non tamen sine Clericis, prebente Domino Episcopo necessaria sibi et suis. In ecclesiam vero nullam liabebat, nee habere volebat, potestatem, donee ei Dominus procuraret quam optabat ad Dei servi- tium societatem. Nihil tamen de se presumerit ; sed totum se Deo deferens, et se ordinationi submittens, Deum sedulo deprpecabatur ut eum visitari et consolari dignaretur, ut tale donaret, si religionis fundamentum pouere supra quod constructum edilicium firmimi esset, et stabile. Sicut enim in corde statuerat nequaquam in aUenos labores intrare volebat, quod fortasse sibi facile foret de aliis et diversis ecclesiis, sibi fratres sociare, ne forte diversi diversa sentientes, dum qui essent videri appeterent, in unitatem non convenirent ; et sic antequam jaceretur fundamentmn, pateretur fabrica detrimentum. Si quos tamen, modo quo ipse disponebat vivere paratis, ei Deus adduceret, eos benigne susciperet. Interea fratre Roberto ex precepto Episcopi ut dictum est ibidem commorante, Domino Episcopo autem circa LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW. 193 inceptum segnius agente, venit Eex, una cum filio suo Henrico Comite et Eege designate, ad Sanctum Andream, orationis gratia ; multique cum iis comitum et potentium tense. In crastino autem, audita missa, et horis ex more et oblatione factis, veniens Eex in claustrum, quale illud tunc erat, simul cum iis qui secum venerant ; et residen- tibus cunctis, primum multa qute niliil attinet, tandem causam pro qua precipue venerat apperuit Eex. Convenit igitur Episcopum cum sicut disposuisse dixerat, et Eex Alexander constituerat opus, et servitium Dei non accelaret, ut in ecclesia beati Andrea; religionem constitueret. Cum- que post multas contraversias causareter Dominus Epis- copus possessione[m] Episcopii non licere sibi minuere, vel dispergere, ne forte a successore suo, a servis Dei aufer- retur quod ipsis ab eo conferretur, respondet Eex, et dixit, ut de terra ilia quse Cursus Apri dicitur, qua3 de epis- copatu non erat, quam Eex Alexander, frater ejus, prop- ter hoc Deo et Sancto Andrese devoverat, ut in ecclesia ejus religio constitueretur, sufficienter eis tribueret; et tam ipse quam filius ejus concederent, et ad instaurandam terram auxilium ferrent. Quod et fecerunt, et alios quos- dam cum juraudo juvare compulenmt. Tunc Dominus Episcopus, quasi sponte coactus, de terris personarum quas abeuutibus eis in manum ejus obvenerant, quam libuit portionem, consilio et assensu Eegis et filii ejus, et ceter- orum baromuu qui aderant, fratri Eoberto in manum tradidit; unde fratres ut Dei servitium Ulo venientes interim sustentari debiiissent. Nee tamen circa opus ecclesise segnius egit ; sed quo citius consumaret omnibus modis satagit. Ipsa die pise memoriae Eobertus presbiter, Domini Episcopi irater uterinus, corde, voce et opere secu- lum abrenuncians ad Deo deserviendum in ecclesia beati Andrese sub canonica regula Sancti patris nostri Augus- tini, in manum fratris Eoberti Prioris se reddidit, cimi ecclesia sua de Tinningham, annuente Domino Episcopo, ita sane ut vel ecclesia[m] illam habere[n]t Canouici, vel 1. solidos per annum. N 194 CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. XXII. CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS, mcclxxx MS. CORPUS. CHRIST. COLL. CANT. SCALACRONICA. Foi. 193. b. Jjjj. fait asauoir qe solonc lez cronicles Descoce, nestoit vnqes tiel difficoulte qi enserroit lour roys de droit lingne, qe outriement estoit faiHy en le hour de troys roys suc- ciement, chescun fitz dautre. Et pur ceo voet cest cronicle toucher la originaute dez roys, et la processe de caux qen Escoz ount regne. En la vie saint Brandane est troue qen le pays de Attenys, en Grece, estoit vn noble cheualer, qi out vn fitz, qy auoit a noun Gaidel, qauoit en espouse la feile Pharao le roy de Egj'pt, qe out a noune Scota, de qey il auoit bele eugendrure. Gaidel estoit cheualerous ; se purchasa lez juuinceaux de soun pays, se mist en mere en uese od sa femme Scota, et sez TEAUSLATION. * And be it known that according to the Chronicles of Scot- land, there never was such difficulty as that which would set down in writing their kings of the direct line, who entirely faUed in the time of three kings successively, each the son of the other ; and for that, this chronicle would touch upon the origin of the kings and the succession of those who have reigned in Scotland. In the life of Saint Brandane it is found that in the country of Athens in Greece there was a noble chevalier who had one son whose name was Gaidel, who had for his wife the daughter of Pharao, king of Egypt, whose name was Scota, by whom he had fair offspring. Gaidel was chivalrous ; he gathered the youth of his country, put to sea in a vessel with CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 195 enfanntz, se qiiist mansioun al auenture en biaunce de le conquer, arryua en Espa}Tie, ou, sure vn liaut mountayn, au couster de la mere Hiberynie, fist edifier vn fort chastel, et le noma Brigans. II viuoit od lez soens de rauyn sure lez paisens du pays. Sez pesclieours furount chacez vn iour par tempest parfound en la mere, qi ly reuindrent renouncier qils auoit aparsceu, par voler dez flores, dez cliardouns et autres enseignes, qe il y out terre pres de outre mere. Gaidel od sez fitz, qui a surnoun auoient Scoti apres lour mere Scota, se mist en mere en trois naueaux, seglerent anal la mere, trouereut vn Isle grant, mounterent a terre, trouerent le pays herbous et plesaunt de boys et reueres, mais noun pas bien poeple dez gentz. Et com est ymagine et suppose, procheigne- ment deuaunt auoit Gurguyns le fitz Belin, roy de Bretaigne, assigne eel He as gentz extretiz Despayne, queux t1 troua en Orkany com venoit de Denemarc, com auaimt est especifie. Gaidel repaira a soun chastel de Brigauns, ymaginaunt de realer al He troue ; mais ly surueint vn tresgref malady dount ly coueint murrir ; si deuisoit a sez fitz qils alasent a eel He, et y demurasent com a vn pays his wife Scota and his children, sought a dwelling on chance, with desire to conquer it, arrived in Spain, where on a high moun- tain, on the coast of the Hibernian sea, he built a strong castle and called it Brigance. He lived with his people on rapine upon the peasants of the country. His fishermen were driven one day by a deep tempest on the sea, and on their return announced that tTiey had seen, by the floating of flowers, thistles, and other signs, that there was land near, beyond the sea. Gaidel with his sons, who had the surname of Scoti, from their mother Scota, put to sea in three vessels, sailed over the sea, found a large isle, landed on it, found the land grassy and pleasant, with woods and rivers, but not well peopled ; and as is imagined and supposed shortly before Gurgiiyns, tha son of Belin, king of Britain, had assigned that island to some people come out of Spain, whom he found in Orkney as he came from Denmarc, as is before specified. Gaidel repaired to his castle of Brigance, proposing to return to the discovered island ; but he was attacked by a giievous sickness, of which he must die ; he desired his sons to go to that 196 CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. saunz grant defens, leger a conquere. Eberus, le eyne fitz Gaidel et de Scota la feile Pharao, se addressa od sez freirs al auaunt dit He, qi le seisy, et tuerent et soutz- mistrent a lorn- obeisaimce ceaux qe ils y trouerent, et plus appellerent le He Ibemiam, apres lour freir eyne Eberus, ou apres la mere Eberiaco, qe nomez estoit ensi dez Espaynolis ; mais le surenoun Scoty demura od lez autres freii's, et od lour issu bon pece en eel He, qe entre nous est appelle Irrelande. En quel He apres arryua Syinound Bret le fitz pusne du roy de Espayne, qi od ly aporta vn pere sur quoi lez roys Despayne soleient estre coronez, qi soun pier ly baiUa en signifiaunce qil en fust roys, com cely qil plus amast de sez enfauutz. Cesty Symound deuient roy du pays de Ireland de par vn feile extreit de Scoty, qi enmyst le auaunt dit pere en le plus souerain bele lieu du pays, qe au iour de buy port le noune, li Lieu Eeal. Apres qoi veint vn dez fitz de vn dez roys de Ireland extreit de Scota, qy out a noun Eergous fitz Fer- tbaiiy, en le plus loiutisme pays outre Bretaiae deuers septentrioun, et, de cost lez Bretouns, occupia la terre island, and to inhabit it, as a country without great defence and easy to conquer. Eberus, the eldest son of Gaidel and Scota, the daughter of Pharao, departed with his brothers for the said Isle, which he seized, and they slew, or subjected to their obedience, those whom they found there, and then called the Isle Hibemia, from the eldest brother, Eberus, or from the sea Eberiaco, thus named by the Spanyards ; but the surname Scoti remained with the other brothers, and their issue a long time in that Isle which among us is called Irrelande. In which Isle afterwards arrived Symond Bret, the youngest son of the king of Spain, who brought with him a stone, on which the kings of Spain were wont to be crowned, which his father gave him as a token that he was made king of it, as the one whom he most loved of his children. This Symond became king of the country .of Ireland, by a daughter, de- scended of the Scoty, who placed the foresaid stone in the most sovereign beautifid place of the coimtry, called to this day the Eoyal Place. After which came one of the sons of one of the kings of Ireland, descended of Scota, who was caOed Fergus, son of Fer- thair, to the most remote country beyond Britain, towards the CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 197 deiier Cateneys outre la laund Porry, et y endemurerent, et tout estoit il du nacioun de Ireland. Et lez soens touz vnqor lez firent nomer Scoty, et la terre Scocia apres Scota, la feile Pharao roy de Egypt, de qei enuindrent lez Scotois ; mais lour propre pays est Ireland, lour coustom et patoys acordaunt, qi puis furount meUez od Pices, com apres serra recordez. Icesti Fergus aporta hors de Ire- land la pere real auaunt nomez, et la fist mettre ou ore est labbai de Scone, siu'e quoy furount faitez assise et establis les roys Descoce, touz puscedy, tanque Edward le primer roy Dengleter apres la conquest, len fist aporter a Loundi'es a Westmoustre, ou ore le sege du prestre a le haute auter.* Jlit fait asauoir qe Fergus fitz Ferthair de Ireland, ex- trait de Scota, estoit le primer qi se disoit roy Descoce. Si regna iij. aunz outre Dimbretaine en Ynchgalle.'' Dimgal fitz Fergus regna v. aunz. Congal fitz Dimgal xxij. aunz. Constan fitz Doengard xxij. aunz. Edhan fitz Godfray xxxuij. aunz. north, and beside the Britons, occupied the land towards Cateneys, beyond the heath Porry, and there dwelt, and he was entirely of the nation of Ireland, and his followers all again had themselves called Scoty, and the country Scocia, from Scota, daughter of Pharao, king of Egypt, from whence came the Scots ; but their proper country is Ireland, their customs and language according, who after- wards were mixed with the Picts, as shall be afterwards recorded. This Fergus brought out of Ireland the royal stone before named, and placed it where il now the Abbey of Scone, upon which were made, seated, and established the kiugs of Scotland all since that day ^n order till Edward the First king of England after the Conquest, had caused it to be brought from hence to London, to Westminster, where now is the seat of the priest at the high altar, i* And be it known that Fergus, son of Ferthair of Ireland, descended from Scota, was the first who called himself king of Scotland, and reigned three years beyond Dunbretain in Inch- galle. 198 CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. Conel fitz Congelle xiiij. aunz. Eokebrid xvj. aimz. Kyuather fitz Conel iij. moys. Eerthaire fitz Ewyne xvj. aunz. Eercarfod xxj. aiiiiz. Dopnaldebreck [fitz] Eokebrid xiiij. aunz. Maldun fitz Dopnaldebrech xvj. aunz. Eorlietinen Dauel fitz Donengard fitz Donald Brec iij. aunz. Armelecli fitz Findan j. ane. Congan fitz Findan xvj. ans. Moredath fitz Arnikelec iij. ans. En le temps de qy estoit le primer batail entre lez Bretouns et lez Pices, qi eiderent les Escoces." Seluacli fitz Cogan xxiiij. aunz. Ergheclie fitz Achfin xxx. aunz. Donald fitz Sealuech vij. aunz. Alpyn fitz Beghacb iij. aunz. Cesty fust tue en Golo- way, com il le auoit destruyt, de vn soul hom qi ly gayta en vn espesse boys en pendaunt al entree dun ge de_ yh ryuere, com clieuaucheoit entre sez gentz. Cely estoit le darain de Escotoys qi al hour regna procheynemeut deuaunt lez Pices. La sum dez aunz du regne dez Escotois auaunt lez Pices ccc. et v. aunz et iij. moys.*^ <= In whose time was the first battle between the Britons and the Picts, who assisted the Scots. '' He was killed in Galloway, after he had destroyed it, by a single man who lay in wait for him in a thick wood overhanging the entrance of the ford of a river, as he rode among his people. He was the last of the Scots, who at that time reigned imme- diately before the Picts. The sum of the years of the reign of the Scots before the Picts was 305 years and three months. CHEONICLE or THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 199 Lez cronicles tesmoignent qe lez Pices vindrent de Syke, et eutrerent Albanye, qor est Escoce, procheinement apres le mort cesti Alpin. Et entrerent Bretaigne, qor est Engleter, en le temps Vaspasian le Romayn, et en le temps Maurius fitz Arniragoun, roy de Bretaigne. Si estoint lez Pices vn nacioun bataillour norriz et charniz toutditz en gere, qi sez acompaignerent one Eoderik al auenture pur terre conquere. Qi Eodrik fust tue de Maurius, le roy de Bretain, en batail pres de Cardoille. Plusours de sez Pices fuerent au boys, reenuoyerent au roy Maurius requerant sa merci, qi lour graunta sa peise, lez assigna pur lorn* homage vn pays outre Albany, qe de gentz Irroys estoit en parti comense a habiter, qi Escocez sez appellerent. Lez queux Pices, qi counbatauntz estoient, suremounterent lez Ecoces Irroys, lez tindrent en subieccioun. Lez queux Pices ne anoint my moUlers, et par cause qe lez Bretouns ne voloint my marier od eaux, sez qistrent femmes hors de Ireland, sure condicioun qe lour issu parlascent Irrays, quel patois demurt a iour de buy bu haute pays entre lez vns, qest dit Escotoys.** " The chronicles testify that the Picts came from Scythia, and entered Albany, -which is now Scotland, immediately after the death of this Alpin, and entered Britain, which is now England, in the time of Vespasian the Roman, and in the time of Maurius, son of Arviragon, king of Britain. The Picts were a warlike nation, bred and always armed to battle. They associated them- selves with Roderic, on chance to conquer land. This Roderic was slain by Maurius, the king of Britain, in battle near Carlisle. Many of those Picts iied to the woods, and sent to king Maurius, begging his mercy, who gi-anted to them his peace, and assigned them for their homage a country beyond Albany, which some Irish people had in part commenced to inhabit, who called them- selves Scots. The which Picts, who were combatants, overcame the Irish Scots, and held them in subjection. The which Picts had no wives, and because the Britons would not be married to them, they sought women out of Ireland, on condition that their issue should speak Irish, which language remains to this day in the Highlands among some who are called Scotch. 200 CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. wruthene Kenek, deboner, fust le primer qi se fist nomer roy du nionarc du regne dez Picis, qi regna 1. auns.^ Gede cl. aunz. Taren c. aunz. Dinortechest xx. aunz. Dugil xl. auns. Gamaldebold ix. aunz. Verpempnet xxx. aunz. Fiachna le blank xxx. aunz. Calnatuhel vj. aunz. Denornacb Lecdales i. ane. Stradach Fingel ij. aunz. Garnard le riche Ix. aunz. Talarg le fitz Kecter xxv. aunz. Drust fitz Irb c. aunz, et sy conquist c. batails.s Talarg fitz Amil ij. aunz. Nectane Celtaniech x. aunz. Drust Gortinoch xxx. aunz. Galan xv. aunz. Drust fitz Gigurnus L aunz. Drust fitz Hidrofigus viij. aunz. Autrefoitz le primer Drust iiij. aunz. Garnarde fitz Gigurnus vj. ans. Kyburcan soun freir vj. auns. Talarg fitz Mendeleghe xj. ans. Drust fitz Menech i. ane. Talagach iij. aunz. Drust fitz Methor xxv. aunz. Saint Columbe et Paladius conuerterent cesti a la foy Cristieu. Et fait a sauoir, qe cest nacioun nestoit vnqes conuerty fors vn foitz, qe ' Cnithene Kenek, the gentle, was the first who was named king of the monarchy of the kingdom of the Picts, who reigned fifty years. K And fought a hundred battles. CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 201 tanque en sa ount perseure, et pur ceo ne vssent lours prestres point despaulers a lour aubes, ou lez prestres Engles ount dieus, pur ceo qe dieus foits ount este conuerty.'^ Garnald fitz Dompnach xxx. aunz. Cesti edifia leglis de Abiruithin, cc. aunz, et xxv. aunz, et xj. moys deuaunt qe leglis de Dulkeldiu fust ediiie du roy Constentin, roy des Picis.' Kenecb fitz Sugthen xxiiij. aunz. Nectan fitz Fode viij. aunz. Bride fitz Fathe v. aunz. Drust soun freir vj. aunz. Drust fitc Hole xx. aunz. En soun temps fust Saint Edmonane.^ Tharan fitz Amfodech iiij. aunz. Brude fitz Dergert xxxi. ane. En quel temps ueint Sains Seruanus en Fiffe.'' Jactan frer Brude xviij. aunz. Garnarde fitz Feradhegh xxiiij. aunz. Denegul fitz Fergusagin xvi. aunz. Nectan fitz Fergaleg ix. moys. Fergus fitz Frude vn moys. Alpin fitz Eferadlieche vi. moys a vn foitz, qi fust en- chace, mais puis regna xxx. aunz.^ Brude fitz Tenegus ij. aunz. ^ Saint Columba and Palladius converted Lim to the Christian faith and be it known that this nation was never converted but once, so that henceforth they have persevered, and therefore their priests do not use shoulder straps on their albes, whUe the English priests have two, having been twice converted. ' He buOt the Church of Abernethy two hundred and twenty- five yeai-s and eleven months before the Church of Dunkeld was budt by Kijig Constantine, king of the Picts. J In bis time was Saint Adomnan. ^ In which time came Saint Servanus to Fife. • Sis months at one time, who was expelled, but afterwards reigned thirty years. 202 CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. Alpiu fitz Tenagus ij. annz. Drust fitz Talargbin vn ane. Talargan fitz Drustane iiij. aunz. Talargan fitz Tenagus v. aunz. Costautin fitz Fergusa xl. aunz. Cesti fist edifier Dun- keldyn.™ Hungus fitz Fergusa x. aunz. Cesti edifia Kelrimoneth, ore Saint Andrew, quel temps veint Saint Fegulus od sez disciples al egUs de Saint Andrew." Duf Tolorg iiij. aunz. Egganus fitz Hiingus iij. aunz. ^eradag^^s fitz Badoghe iij. ans. Brud fitz Feradhach i. moys. Kenech fitz FeracUiach i. ane. Brude fitz Fochel ij. auns. Drust fitz Feradhach iij. ans. Cesti fust le darain roy dez Picys, si fust tue a Scone par treisoun." Qe com les eronicles tesmoignent, vn fitz dun roy de Ire- land, qi out a noun Eedda, arryua en Galeway, et aukes par pruesce, et affinite du sank Yrois, de quoy lez Pices furoimt mellez, occupia eel pays et auxi ErgeiUe et autres dez iles, le issu de qy, qi sez nomerent Scoty, coumpasserent toutdice encountre lez Picys, issi qen le temps cesti Drust, fitz Feradhach, lez Escoces ietterent couyne, et a vn coun- sail general estoient priuement armez, et dedenz la mesoun ■" He caused Dunkeld to be built. ° He built Kilrimonth, now Saint Andrews, at wliicli time Saint Kegulus with his disciples came to the Church of Saint Andrew. ° He was the last king of the Picts, and was killed at Scone by treason. P As the chronicles testify, a son of a king of Ireland, called Redda, arrived in Galloway, and, partly by prowess and by affinity of Irish blood, with whom the Picts were mixed, occupied that country, and also Argyll and others of the isles, the issue of whom, who called themselves Scoty, always plotted against the Picta until in the time of this Drust, son of Feradhach, the Scots contrived a conspiracy, and at a general council were privately armed, and in the council-house slew the aforesaid king and all CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 203 du counsaille tuerent lyauaunt dit roy et lez grantz seignours dez Picys touz, qi ne pensoient si bien noune. Si enuoi- erent apres aiitres qi lour plust, et, com ils venoient, tout- dice lez tuerent, tanque ils auoint fait ceo qils desiroint, et de eel hour en auaunt faUly le regne dez Picys, qauoit durre mde clxxxvij. aunz, et recomence le regne Descoce, quel regne comensa deuaunt lez Pices, ceccxliij. aunz deuaunt le incarnacioun.P Xjes Picys destruytz a la maner, Kjmet fitz Alp in regna sure lez Escoce, et fust le primer roy Escotoys apres lez Picys. II soutzmist a sa seignoury la ten-e tout a Twede, en fist enchacer lez Engles et Bretouns, qe y euhabiterent, fist nomer la terre Escoce. II estably lez loys qe vuqor ea Escoce durent, et ceo estoit en le temps tost apres qe Egbright auoit vny les vij. realmes dez Saxsouns en Bre- taigne, qe taunt auoint a faire lez roys Engles en lour terre demeyn a estabHr lour conquest, qils ne sez entre- mistrent rien deuers Albany, si longemeut tanque lez Escotz auoint jDris tiel reaul saunz empediment, qe asseitz le tenoient estable et droiturel.l the great lords of the Picts, who did not think of evil. They sent afterwards for such others as they wished, and slew them as they came, so that they did as they desired ; and from that time henceforth the kingdom of the Picts failed, which had lasted for eleven hundred and eighty-seven years, and the kingdom of the Scots recommenced, which had commenced before the Picts, four hundred and forty-three years before the incarnation. 1 The Picts destroyed in this manner, Kynet son of Alpin reigned over the Scots, and was the first king of the Scots after the Picts. He subjected to his government the whole country to the Twede, expelled the Angles and Britons who inhabited it, and caused the country to be called Scotland. He established the laws which still exist in Scotland, and this was in the time just after Egbert had united the seven kingdoms of the Saxons in Britain, so that the English kings had so much to do in establishing their dominion in their country that they did not undertake anything against Albany for so long that the Scots had taken such royalty without impediment that they held it sufficiently established and of right. 204 CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. Kynet fitz Alpin regna xvi. aunz, et morust a Ferteu- yoth, et fust enterrez en le isle cle Yona, pres de Hert, Loern, et Fergus, trois frers qy amenerent lez Escotz en Arcliady sure les Picys.'i Donald fitz Alpin regna iiij. aunz. Costantia fitz Kynache xyj. aunz. Qestoit tue dez Nor- ways en bataU. Athe mak Kinath i. ane. Qi fust tue de Tirg fitz Dun- gald. Tirg Mac Dungald xij. auns. Lez cronicilis Descoce tesmonent qe cesti Tirg soutzmist a sa seignoury tout -Ire- land et grant party Dengleter. Cesti dona primerment francliiz as eglis Descoce, qauaunt le hour estoint en ser- uitude dez lays as vsages de Picys. , Donald Mac Dunstan ij. aunz. Edmound, freir Athelstan, duna a cesti Donald, roy Descoce, tout Conibirland, piir quoi lez Escoces ount fait clayme, tanque al Eeir croiz de Staynmore ; mais eel doune ad este souent conquys pus- cedy et relesse en maint peise fesaunt. Kynet son of Alpin reigned sixteen years, and died at Forte- viot, and was buried in the isle of Yona near Hert, Lorn, and Fergus, three brothers who brought the Scots into Archady upon the Picts. Donald son of Alpin reigned three years. Constantine son of Kynache sixteen years ; he was slain by the Norwegians in battle. Athe mac Kinath one year, who was slain by Girg, son of Dungal. Girg mac Dungal twelve years. The chronicles of Scotland testify that this Girg subjected to his government aU Ireland and a great part of Enghmd. He first gave freedom to the churches of Scotland, which before this had been in the servitude of the laity to the usages of the Plots. Donald mac Dunstan two years. Edmond, brother of Athel- stan, gave to this Donald, king of Scotland, aU Cumberland, upon which the Scots laid claim as far as the Eere Cross of Stayn- more ; but this donation was often conquered since then and released in making ofttimes peace. CHEONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 205 Constantin mac Edha xl. aunz regna. Qi guerpy soun realme, se rendy en religioun, et fust abbe de saint Andrew v. axxnz, et illoeque fust enterrez. Malcolme mac Donald sxi. ane regna. Qi fust tue par treisoun dez Norways, et ceo fust en le temps le primer Edward pier Athelstan. Indel mac Costantin regna x. aunz, et fust tue des Norwais. Duf mac Maucloun iiij. aunz et vi. moj^s. Qi fust mour- dri a Forays et musse desoutz le pount de Kinlos, et tan- com il ieust la le solail ne se aparust. Si fust troue et aporte al He de Yona, ou touz sez auncestres de Kinek mac Alpin furount enterrez, fors cely qi abbe estoit de Saint Andrew. Culen mac Indolf iiij. aunz regna et vij. moys. II fust tue de Amthar fitz Donald, pur sa feile, qe fust tue en Lownes. Kinec fitz Malcol. xxiiij. aunz et ij. moys, et fust tue de Constantin mac Edha reigned forty years. He abandoned his realm, gave himself to a religious order, and became Abbot of Saint Andrews five years, and was buried there. Malcolm mac Donald reigned twenty-one years. He was slain by treason by the Norwegians, and this was in the time of the first Edward, father of Athelstan. Indel mac Costantin reigned ten years, and was slain by the Norwegians. Duf mac Maucloun four years and six months. He was mur- dered at Forays and concealed below the bridge of Kinlos, and as long as he lay there the sun did not appear. He was found and taken to the isle of Yona, where all his ancestors from Kinek mac Alpin were buried except that one, who was Abbot of Saint Andrews. Culen mac Indolf reigned four years and seven months. He ■was slain by Amthar, son of Donald, for his daughter, who was killed in Lownes. Kinec son of Malcolm twenty-four years and two months, and was slain by his men by the treason of Fumel, the daughter of 206 CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. SOS homs par treisoun de Fumel la feile Cunithar, zayn de Angus, fitz de qi Kinak auoit deuaunt fait tuer. Costantin mac Culen i. ane et vi. moys, et fust tue de Kynnecli fitz Malcolm. Grige mac Kyneth mac Douf viiij. aunz, et fust tue de MalcoLme fitz Kynech. Cesti Malcolme regna xxx. aunz noblement et fust uicturous. Duntan mac Kryn de Dunkeldy et de Betowe, fitz Malcolme mac Kynech, vi. aunz, et fust tue de Macbeth mac Sinley, qui regna xvL aunz, et fust tuez de Chalcolme mac Duncan. Lulach le fole regna i. mois, et fust tue en Strabolgy. Toutz ceaux roys furount enterrez en Lile de Yona. Malcolm Kenmour mac Duncan regna xxxvij. aunz et vi. moys, et fust tue a Alnewyk et enterrez a Tynmoth. Cesti estoit le marry Saint Margaret de Diuifermelin. Donald soun freir mac Dunkan regna primerment vi moys, qi fust enchacez de Dunkan fitz Maucloun, qi regna vi moys, qi fust tue de Malpedre mac Loern, count del Cunithar the thane of Angus, whose son Kinak had previously caused to be killed. Costantin mac Culen one year and six months, and was slain by Kynnech son of Malcolm. Grige mac Kyneth mac Douf nine years, and was slain by Malcolm son of Kynech. This Malcolme reigned thirty years nobly and was victorious. Duncan mac Kryn of Dunkeld and of Betowe, son [daughter] of Malcolme mac Kynech six years, and was slain by Macbeth mac Sinley, who reigned sixteen years, and was slain by Chalcolme [Malcolm] mac Duncan. Lulach the mad reigned one month, and was slain in Strabolgy. All these kings were interred in the isle of Yona. Malcolm Kenmour mac Duncan reigned thirty-seven years and six months, and was slain at Alnewyk and buried at Tynmouth. He was the husband of Saint Margaret of Dunfermelin. Donald, his brother, mac Duncan, reigned first six months, and was driven out by Duncan son of Malcolm, who reigned six months. He was slain by Malpeder mac Loern, Count of the CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. 207 Meiemys, et gist en Lile de Yona. Donald mac Dunkan regna autre foitz iij. aunz, qi fust enuoegle et mort par Edgar fitz Maucloun, et fust enterre a Dunkeldin, et puis translatez en le Isle de Yona. Edgar regna is. aunz et iiij. moys, et gist a Dunfermelyn. Alexandre, soun freir, et fitz Maucloun, regna xvij. aunz et iij. moys et demy, et gist a Dunfermlyn. David, soun freir, regna xxxix. aunz. et iij. moys et morust a Cardoil, et gist a Dimfermelin. Maucloun le fitz Henry, count del Gamyaghe, de Huntiugdoun, et de Northumbreland, qi fust le fitz Dauid le roy, regna xij. aunz et vi. moys et xx. iours, qi morust auaunt la pier a Jedworth, et gist a Dunfermelin. Willam, soun freir, et fitz meisme cely Henry count de Northumbreland du doune le roy Esteuen, regna .1. aunz, et morust a Streuelyn, et gist a Abirbrothock, qe meismes edifia. Alexandre, soun fitz regna, xxxAaj. aunz, qi morust a Kenbray en Orkauy, et gist a Melros. Memys, and lies in the isle of Yona. Donald mac Duncan reigned a second time three years. He was blinded and slain by Edgar son of Maucloun, and was interred at Dunkeld, and afterwards translated to the isle of Yona. Edgar reigned nine years and three months, and lies at Dun- fermelyn. Alexander, his brother, and son of Maucloun, reigned seventeen years and three months and a half, and lies at Dunfermlyn. David, his brother, reigned thirty-nine years and three months, and died at Carlisle, and lies at Dunfermlyn. Maucloun, the son of Henry, Count of the Garuyaghe, of Huntingdon, and of Northumberland, who was the son of David the king, reigned twelve years and six months and twenty days. He died before his father at Jedworthe, and lies at Dunfermelyn. William, his brother, and son of the same Henry Count of Northumberland by the gift of the King Stephen, reigned fifty years, and died at Stirling, and lies at Aberbrothick, which him- self had built. Alexander, his son, reigned thirty-seven years, who died at Kenbray, in Orkney, and lies at Melrose. 208 CHRONICLE OF THE PICTS AND SCOTS. Alexandre le fitz Alexandre, qi de viij. aunz de age comensa a regner, regna xxxvij. aunz. Qi roumpy le cole a Kinkorn, sours de quoy en iieint grant mal. La soiune dez aunz entre Kenach fitz Alpin, et cesti Alexandre sount cccc xxx. aunz, un moys, et vij. iours. Et si est la sum dez aunz de touz les roys Picys et Escotes mille Dcccc Ixxvij. aunz et ix. moys et viij. iours, tanque lencoronnement Johan de Badlolf. Alexander, the son of Alexander, who at eight years of age commenced to reign, reigned thirty-seven years, and broke his neck at Kinkhom, from which arose great evil. " The sum of the years between Kenach son of Alpin and this Alexander are four hundred and thirty years one month and seven days, and this is the sum of the years of all the kings of the Picts and Scots, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven years and nine months and eight days to the coronation of Johan de Baillolf. CHEONICLE OF HUNTINGDON. 209 XXXIII. CHEONICLE OF HUNTINGDON, before mccxc. MS. IN PUB. ARCHIV. LONDON. CRONICA CANONICORUM BEATE MARIE HUNTINGDONIE. Anko ab incarnaeione Domini octingiutesimo tri- sicutmCronicis , . nostris reperimiis cesimo quarto concrressi sunt Scotti cum Pictis m soUemp- scotti quadrm- .... -^. . gentis U-i. anuis nitate Pa.schaU. Et plures de nobilioribus Pictonim ceci- scociam, que ... primo Albania derunt. Sicque Alpinus Eex Scottorum victor extitit, vocabatur, [possi- J. . ^ Tin • tl«^™nt ab] Alpino unde in superbiam elatus ab Feis altero conserto 1 bello tercio prfmo tocius ■^ *- . .^. . . . insule Mon.arcli.i, decimo Kl. Au£;usti eiusdem anni a Pictis vmcitur atque ae quo recta suc- _ . . ... cessiouis linea, tnmcatur. Cuius filius Kynadius successit m regno patris sicut infra iiabe- ■' •' • -r-v . turjus hereilita- qui vii? regni sui anno, cum pirate Dauorum, occupatis rium usque Mai- -'■ ^ ini • i-*» colmum tercium litoribus, Pictos sua defendentes, strage maxima pertrivis- [regem scocie] . . qui Margaretam sent, m reliquos Pictorum termmos transiens, arma vertit, sanctaminmatri- et multis occisis fugere compulit, sicque Monarchiam rite de^cendit. tocius Albanie, que nunc Scocia dicitur, p[rimus] Scottorum Ee[x conquisivit] et in ea primo super Scottos regnavit. Qui anno xii" regni sui septies in una die cum Pictis con- greditur multisque pertritis reguum sibi confirniat et reg- navit xxviii. annis. Cui successit Dovenaldus frater ejus qui regnavit xiii. annis. Cui successit Constantinus filius Kynat qui regnavit xxiii. annis. Cui jEthus .1 Adam qui regnavit .ii. annis. Cui successit Gii-ge filius Dovenald qui regnavit xiii. annis. Cui successit Dovenal filius Constantini qui regnavit ix. annis. Cui successit Constantinus filius Heth qui regnavit xlv. annis. 210 CHEONICLE OF HUNTINGDON. Anno milesimo seplimo decimo. Milesimo quadra- gesimo. Milesimo quadru- gesimo .iio. Milesimo septua- gesiuio. Milesimo . . . . Rex Maleolmus interfectus est. Milesimo xlviii. Edgarns filiiis JIalciibiii in Regem elcvatur. Cui successit Maleolmus filiiis Dovenald qui regnavit XX. annis. Cui successit Indolf filius Constantini qui regnavit ix. annis. Cui successit Duf filius Malcolmi iui. annis et vi. mensibus. Cui successit Kynet filius Duf qui regnavit uno anno et iii. mensibus. Cui successit Culen filius Indolf qui regnavit v. annis et tribus mensibus. Cui successit Maleolmus filius Kynet qui regnavit xxx. annis. Cui successit Duncan nepos ejus v. annis et ix. men- sibus. Oceisus est Eex Anglie Edmundus Ferreum latus insidiis perfidi Duels Edrici Et [Knut] Eegnum ejus in- vadens filios Edmundi, scilicet, Edmundum et Edwardum ad Eegem Suevorum oecidendos misit. Qui nolens inno- centes perimere . . . Eegem Hungarie Salomonem nutri- endos misit. Iste Edwardus genxiit Margaretara Eeginam Scottorum et Edgarum. Edgarus [genujit ISIargaretam. De qua natus est Henrieus dictus Lupellus. Predictus Knut regnavit super Anglos xviii. annis. Cui successit Harral- dus filius et regnavit v. annis. Cui successit Hardekuutus filius Knuti et Emme Eegiiie et regnavit ii. annis. Anno Domini milesimo Comes Northumbrie Sywardus Seoeiam ingressus, Maket Eegem nepotem dieti Malcolmi cum xv. annis regnaret, a regno fugavit. Et Malcolmo filio Duncani regnum suum restituit. Edwardus filius Ed regnavit xxiiii. annis. Maleolmus filius Duncani .... Margaretam filiam dicti Edwardi in ex ea sex filios, scilicet, Edwardum qui obiit sine lierede, Ecbnundum qui obiit sine herede, Edeldredum qui obiit sine lierede, Edgarus qui reguavit, et obiit sine herede, Alexander qui regnavit [et] sine lierede obiit. CHEOISriCLE OF HUNTINGDON. 211 David qui regnavit et duxit MatQdam Coinitissam Hun- tingdon neptem Willelmi Eegis Anglie filiam Ivette que fuit filia Lamberti de Louns Comitis. De qua genuit Hen- ricum Comitem. Qui duxit Ade filiam Willelmi Comitis de Warenne. Et genuit ex ea Malcolmum .... reg- navit et obiit sine herede, et Willelmum Eegem patrem Alexandri Eegis, et David Comitem. Alexander vero Eex duxit Johannam filiam Johannis Eegis et genuit Alexan- drum Eegem qui duxit Margaretam filiam Eegis nostri Henrici ultimi. De predictis et Malcolmo et Margareta exierunt Matil- Mi'^simo centc- ^ o sinin Henncus dis et Maria. MatHdis vero nupsit Henrico primo Eegi primus Rej ^ ID Anglie in Regem Anglie de quibus exiit MatQdis que primo nupsit Henrico eievatur. Imperatori. Deinde Gajfrido Comiti Andegavie. De Miiesimo cente- r. . . sinio primo Hen- quibus Henncus secundus, qui genuit quatuor filios, scili- "cus iste Matii- „ , „ . . dam filiam cet, Galiridum Comitem Andegavie, Hemicum tercium, Maicoimi et iiar- ° garete in matri- qui coronatus fuit vivente patre, sed obiit ante patrem. mouimn sumiisit. Et Eicardum qui obiit sine herede Eegem qui wiuetouiet'"'"' genuit illustrissimimi ac Sanctisshnum Eegem Henricum He'^nricrR^p's patrem Domini Eegis nostri excellentissimi Edwardi qui ^T"^° ^''"" nunc est. Predictus Malcolmus regnavit xxxviL annis. Et tan- ^mrx^Hif''''^" dem cum maximam in Angliam predam faceret, ex ander^cocte^^Et impreviso interemptus est. Invasit autem Eegnum Scocie J^^R'^em^Lva-^ Dovenaldus frater predicti Maicoimi legittimis . . . here- ^J^: . ^ " Milesimo cente- dibus, scilicet, Edgaro, Alexandro, David, quia iiinioris simo xxyii. Rex , ' 1 J Scocie et omnes etatis eraut, exilio relegatis. Sed Duncanus predicti Mai- Magnates Angiie D r jliraverunt quod colmi filius nothus tamen, qui erat obses in Curia Willelmi M»t''^'* impera- ^ tnci Regnrnn Eufi Eegis Anglie auxilio Eegis et suum Angijejure o CD o hereditarie post fugavit, et susceptus est in Eegem et regnavit anno et patrem sen^arent. dimidio. Cui quidam Comes Scocie, scilicet, Comes de Morifth consiho predicti Dovenaldi, viribus collectis necem nequiter intulit. Dovenaldus autem .... Eegnum in- vadens, regnavit annis tribus et dimidio. Itaque post mortem Maicoimi illi duo, scilicet, Duncanus filius ejiis et Dovenaldus invasor Eegni frater ejus licet minus fidelis. v. annis regnaverunt, legittimis interim exulantibus, sed tandem Dovenaldo capto et careen perpetuo dampnato, 212 CHKONICLE OF HUNTINGDON. Milesjmo [c] xxxviii"' fuit bel- lum quod dicitur Standard. Milesimo cv- Uiii" Henrii:us filius Imperatricis et Dux Nonnannie diademate insig- uitur. Edgarus, legittimus heres predict! Malcolmi filius jure liereditario Eegnum Scocie suscepit et regnavit ix. annis. Cui successit Alexander frater ejus legittimus qui reg- navit xvi. annis. Cui successit David frater ejus legittimus, filius, scilicet, predicti Malcolmi et Margarete qui regnavit triginta novem annis. Iste David vastavit fere totam North- umbriam quern Eex Stephanus cimi exercitu Anglorum veniens redire compulit in terram suam, et usque Eokesbourgtli persecutus est. In estate iterum transivit Eex David fluviam Thesam. Et occurrit ei exercitus Anglorum in Cutenemor ubi commissum est prelium quod dicitur Standard et victi sunt Scotti multis captis multisque Decisis. Sed instancja Matildis Eegine Anglie que erat neptis Eegis David, filia Marie sororis ejus yiax reformata est inter Eegem Stephanum et Eegem David. Et Nortliumbria et Combria date sunt Henrico Comiti filio David. Eex vero David fecit fortissimam arcem. . . . Karlioli et muros urbis plurimum exaltavit. Isti David successit in regnum Malcolmus nepos ejus filius Henrici Comitis qui regnavit xii. annis et dimidio. et xiiii. diebus. Nortliumbria vero subjecta est Wil- lelmo fratri ejus. Anno Domini m? c? Iviii. Eex Anglie Henricus secundus Tholosam cum exercitu adiit et in redi- tu suo Malcobnum Eegem Scocie Turonis Militem ab eo Karliolum. Isti Malcolmo successit Willelmus frater ejus legit- timus qui regnavit xlviii annis. Iste Willelmus ix? anno regni sui captus est juxta Alnewyk et anno se- quenti relaxatus et anno xxv? regni sui Eicardus il- lustris Eex Anglie restituit eidem opida sua. Idem Willelmus anno regni sui xxxii" cum ingenti exercitu Kathenesiam penetravit. Et ibi omnibus inimicis suis de- victis in Scociam rediens prius Haralduni postea fil pro eo in custodiam posuit. Et anno secundo sequent! natus est Alexander filius ejus die Sancti Bartholomei. Cui magnates tocius Scocie fidelitatem fecerunt apud Muscleburgum anno etatis sue. iiii" Et anno ix" sequent! CHEONICLE OF HUNTINGDON. 213 venit Johannes . . . exercitu magno apud Noreham M'lesimo cente contra Willelmum Eegem Scocie, sed statim facta est pax Johannes Angiie ^ ^ ^ in Regeni eleva- inter Reges, Johanna Rege a Rege Willehno multas j)ecunias '"■ accipiente. Et filie Willelmi Regis scilicet Margareta M'lesimo cc-xvi. ^ . Henncus dims et Ysabella tradite sunt in custodiam Domino Regi Angiie. Kegis.johaimisin ^ *^ Regem elevatur. Et anno ii" sequenti factus est miles Alexander filuis Regis Jiii^simo cc-- Willelmi a Johaime Rege Angiie. Rcgum exceien- Qui, decesso patre, regni gubernacula suscepit pacifice, et natur. regnavit xxvi. annis. Et tercio anno regni sui circa As- sumpcionem Beate Marie . . . usque . . . cum exercitu magno penetravit. Et eodem anno sanus in Scociam cum omni exercitu suo rediit. Anno vero regni sui viii° Johan- nam filiam Regis Angiie Johannis apud Eboracum xiiii" KL Julii desponsavit. Cui successit Alexander filius ejus. Rex Scocie Malcolmus tercius duxit Margaretam filiam Regis Edwardi que dicitur Sancta. De qua genuit David Eegem Scocie et Matildam que nupsit Regi Angiie Hen- rico primo. De quibus Angiie Henrici Secundi qui genuit Johannem Regem patrem Regis nostri Henrici ultimi. David vero Eex de Matilda Comitissa filia Ivette Willelmi conquestoris neptis genuit Henricum Comitem patrem Willelmi Regis [qui genuit] Alexandrum Regem patrem Alexandri vUtimi. Et super hiis ad mandatum incliti Regis nostri comune sigillum .... Beate Marie de Huntingdon est appositum. 2U DESCEIPTION OF SCOTLAND. XXXIV. DESCEIPTION OF SCOTLAND, mccxcil-mccxcvi. MS. BRIT. MUS. COTT. NERO. D. 11. BREVIS DESCRIPTIO KEGNI SCOTIE. In primis Tyndale contiuet xxx. leucas iu lougitudine et XX. leucas in latitudine. Postea vero est Loudian de eisdem longitudine et latitudiue. In Tindale sunt castra subscripta, Eokesborw, Geddewortbe. In Louthian sunt castra, Berewick, Edeneborw, Doubar, et Striuelyn. Iste due provincie extendunt se usqiie Erlesferie et Queneferie, id est, aqua xii leucas in latitudine et in alio loco ij. leucas. Postea est terra de Fif in qua est burgus Sancti Andree et castrum de Locres. Est enini in longitudine xxx. leuca- rum et in latitudine triimi. Et tunc est i. aqua longitu- dine ij. leuce. Et tunc est terra de Anegos latitudinis xx. leucaruni et longitudinis plus quam xxx. Et sunt ibi ij. castra, Dunde et Forfare. Et itaque est quoddam vastum quod vocatur, Le Mounth, ubi est pessimum passagiuni sine cibo, longitudinis be. leucarum et latitudinis xvj. leucarum. Postea est [terra] de ]\Iar latitudine xxx. leucarum et longitudine trium. Et plus deinde est terra de Bouwan latitudine xxiiij. leucai'um et longitudine xxx. leucamm. Et ibi (castrum de Elgyn et castrum de Spyny*) est burgus de Aberdene cum castro. Deinde est terra de Morref latitudine xxiiij. leucarum et longitudine. xxx. leucarum. Et ibi castrum de Elgyn et castrum de Spiny. ' The sentence placed withiu ]iarentheses lia.s been oliviously nii.^- placed. It occurs again in its right place. DESCEIPTION OF SCOTLAND. 215 Et postea est terra de Eos latitiidine xxiiij. leucarum et longitudine xl. et plus. Deinde est terra de Cateneys longitudinem xxiiij. leu- carum et latitudinem xl. Deinde est terra de Orkenneye latitudine xiiij. leucas et longitudine xl. leucas. Item Novum Castnim super Are in Orewin prope Gale- wey. In Galewey est Anandresdale terra domini Roberti de Brus. Et postea est castrum de Dounfres regis Scocie, Kirkudbrythe, Willelmi de Ferres, castrum de Baleswyn- toun, Johannis Comin. Et est Galewey in longitudinem Ixx. leucas et in latitudinem ubi plus est xxiiij. leucas. Summa leucarum in longitudine v" in latitudine cum passagio aquarum ccc. et xviij. leucas. FOURTEENTH CENTURY. XXXV. FEOM TEACTS EELATING TO THE ENGLISH CLAIMS, Mccci. A. MS. ET PUB. ARCHIV. LONDON. XJONiFACros episcopus, servus servorum Dei, carissimo in Cheisto filio Edwardo Eegi Anglie illustri salutem et apostolicam beuedictionem. Scimus, fili, et longi jam temporis spatio magistra nos rerum experientia docuit, quaUter erga Eomanam ruatrem ecelesiam, quae te gerit in visceribus caritatis, regie devo- tionis aflectus exuberat, reverentie zelus viget, quodque promptus et sedis ejus votis obtemperas, beneplacitis ac- quiescis. Quamobrem iirmam spem gerimus, plenamque fiduciani obtinemus, quod regalis sublimitas verba nostra benigne recipiat, diligenter intelligat efficaciter prosequatur. Sane ad celsitvidinem regiam potuit pervenisse, et in tue libro memorie nequaquam ambigimus contineri, qua- liter ab antiquis temporibus regnum Scocie pleno ju.re per- tiauit, et adhuc pertinere dinoscitur ad ecelesiam supra dictam ; quodque illud, sicut accepimus, progenitoribus tuis, regni Anglie Eegibus, sive tibi feudale non extitit nee existit. Qualiter etiam, clare memorie, Henricus Eex Anglie pater tuns, tempore discordie, sive querre, inter ipsum et quondam Symonem de IMonteforti, suosque fautores et complices suscitate, ad, recollende memorie, Alexaudro THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 217 ejusdem Scocie Eege, ac ipsius Henrici genero, auxilium sibi petiit exhiberi. Et, ne hujusniodi auxilium, jure cujusUbet subjectionis aut debiti, petitum, seu prestitum notaretur, prefatus Henricus, eidem Eegi Scocie, suas pateutes duxit litteras concedendas, per eas firmiter recognoscens, predictuni auxilium se recipisse, vel se recepturum duntaxat de gratia specialL Preterea, cum, successu temporis, prefati Eegis Scocie, tui sororii, tunc viventis, in tue coronationis solenniis, habere presentiam affectares, sibi per tuas patentes cavere litteras curavisti, quod ia ipsis solenniis, ejus habere pre sentiam, non ex debito, sed tantiim de gratia intendebas. Et cum etiam Eex ipse pro Tyndahe, ac de Peynerrie^ terris, in regno Anglie positis, se ad tuam presentiam per- sonaliter contulisset, tibi fidelitatem sohtam impensurus ; idem in prestatione fidelitatis hujus modi, multis tunc presentibus, vive vocis oraculo publice declaravit, quod pro terris eisdem sitis tantiim in Anglia, non ut Eex Scocie, neque pro Scocie regno fidelitatem, exliibebat eandem ; quinimmo palam extitit protestatus, quod pro regno ipso tibi fidelitatem prestare, seu facere aliquatenus non debebat, utpote tibi penitus non subjecto ; tuque sic oblatam fidelitatem hujusmodi admisisti. A tua quoque creditiu" non excidisse memoriS,, qualiter, eodem Eege Scocie sublato de medio, quondam Margareta puella, uepte tua, tunc minoris etatis, herede sibi relicta, non ad te, velut ad dominum, regni pervenit custodia memorati, sed certi ejusdem regni proeeres, ad ejus electi custodiam extiterunt. Quodque postmodum, dispensatioue ab apostolica sede obtenta, super matrimonio contrahendo inter dOectum filium, nobUem virum Edvardum natum tuum, et Marga- retam predictam, dum viveret, si ad id procerum dicti regni accederet vel haberetur assensus, tui eisdem proceri- bus per tua scripta cavisse dinosceris, priusquam vellent 218 FEOM TEACTS RELATING TO hujusmodi matrimouio consentire, qu6d regnuiu ipsum penitus liberum, nullique subjectum, seu quovis modo summissum, in perpetuiun remaneret ; quodque in pristi- num, seu talem ipsius statiim restitueretur omnino, si ex hujusmodi matrimonio contraliendo liberos non extare contingeret ; ac nomen et honorem, ut prius, pariter reti- neret, tarn in suis sibi servandis legibus et prseficiendis ofJficialibus dicti regni, quam parlamentis tenendis, trac- tandis causis in ipso, et nullis ejus incolis extra illud ad judicium evocandis, et quod in tuis patentibus litteris, indfe confectis, hsec plenius et seriosius contineri noscuntur; Prefata insuper Margareta de presenti luce subtracta, et tandem super successione dicti regni Scocie suborta dis- sensionis materia inter partes ; ipsius regni proceres, metuentes sibi dictoque regno posse occasione bujusmodi prejudicium generari, non aliter ad tuam presentiam, extra ipsius regni accedere limites voluerunt, nisi per te patenti scripto caveretur eisdem, quod id non fiebat ex debito, sed ex gratia speciali, quodque nullum exind^ ipsius regni libertatibus posset dispeudium imminere. Et licet, utdicitur, super statu ejusdem regni Scocie, ac ejus prius habita libertate, regno ipso tunc carente presi- dio defensoris, per ipsius regni proceres, tunc velud ace- plialos, et ducis vel aurige suffragium non habentes, sive per ilhmi, cui prefati regni regimen licet indebitfe diceris comisisse, contra morem solitum, aliqua fuerint hactenus innovata, ea tamen, utpote per vim et metum, qui cadere poterat in constantem, elicita, nequaquam debent de jure subsistere, aut in ejusdem regni prejudiciimi redundare. Ceterum nobis nullatenus venit in dubium, quin potius certi sumus, quod cum apostolice sedis precellens aucto- ritas per suas litteras in Anglie ac Scocie regnis, simul alicui legationis commitit officium exequendum, vel pro quavis causa, quam rationabilem reputat, decime solu- tionem indicit, hujusmodi apostoKcai littere ad prefatum Scocie regnum se aliquatenus non extendunt, speciali predicte sedis priveligio, Scotis indulto, penitus obsistente, prout tempore, felicis recordatiouis, Adriani Pape prede- THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 219 cessoris uostri, tunc Sancti Adriani diaconi cardinalis, et per ipsius sedis litteras simul in regnis ipsis legati, cum quo familiariter tunc eramus, coutigit evidenter. Nam legatus ipse ad prefatum regnum Scocie aliquate- nus admissus non extitit, donee per litteras speciales apos- tolicas sibi legationis fuit commissum officium in eodem. Preterea nosce potest regia celsitudo, qualiter regnum ipsum per beatti Andrese Apostoli veneraudas reliquias, non sine superni Numinis gi-andi dono, acquisitum et con- versum extitit ad fidei Catholice uuitatem. Qualiter etiam, antiquis temporibus Eboraceucis Archi- episcopus, qui tunc erat, mota per eum, super jure metro- politico, adversus prelates Scocie questione, in qua dierum antiquitus fuisse commemorat, memento quod sumus tui, ut cetera quse ind^ secimtur silentio relinquamas, pro se sententiam obtinere nequivit, quamvis alia plura et varia, que in hac parte rationabiliter proponenda se offerunt, ex quibus etiam ad Lee tibi scribenda movemm-, pretereat calamus, ne ind^ forsitan sensibus regiis tedium generetur. Hsec profect6, fill carissime, infra claustra pectoris sol- licit^ considerare te convenit, et attendere diligeuter, ex quibus nulli in dubium veniat, regnmn Scocie prelibatum ad prefatum Eomanam ecclesiam pertinere ; quod tibi nee licet, nee licuit in ipsius ecclesie ac multorum prejudicium, per violentiam subjugare, tueque subjicere ditioui Cum autem, sicut habet fide digna, et nostris jam pluries auribus inculcata relatio, fameque prse curentis affatibus divulgatur, tu premissa, ut debueras, non atten- dens, neque debita consideratione discutiens, et ad occu- pandum et subjugandum ditioni regie regnum ipsum, tunc Eegis auxilio destitutum, vehementer aspirans, et tandem ad id exercens potentie tue vires, venerabiHbus fratribus nostris, Eoberto Glasguensi et Marco Sodoreusi episcopis, et nonnuUis clericis, et aliis personis ecclesi- asticis dicti regni, ut dicitur, captis et carceralibus vinculis traditis (quonmi aliquos, sicut asseritur, squalor carceris inolentus extinxit) ac etiam occupatis castris, et, prout fertur, monasteriis, aliis ve religiosis locis quam pluribus 220 FROM TRACTS RELATING TO dirutis seu destructis, ac dampnis gravibus ejusdem regni habitatoribus ixrogatis, in ejusdem regni partibus officiales regies posiiisti ; qui prelates, ceteros clericos, et ecclesi- asticas ac etiam seculares dicti regni personas multimodis perturbare niolestiis, et afifiictionibus variis et diversis impetere non verentur, in divine Majestatis offensam, sedis memoratse contemptum, regie salutis et fame dis- pendium, juris iujuriam, et grave scandalum fidelium pliu-imonun. Regalem itaque magnificentiam rogamus, et hortamur attente, ac obsecramus in Eo, qui est omnium vera Salus, quatinus solerter attendens quod, ex debito pastoralis officii nostris liumeris incumbentis, ad conservanda et gubernanda sollicite bona, juraque omnia ecclesie supra- dicte tenemur, quodque homini, plusquam Deo defferre non possumus, nee debemus, ~predictos episcopos, clericos, et personas ecclesiasticas, quos adhuc career regius tenet inclusos, pro divina, et apostolice sedis, ac nostra rever- entia, sublato difficultatis et dilationis objectu, benign^ restitui facias pristine libertati, dictosque officiales de regno Scocie revoces memorato. Sic te in hiis, prout speramus et cupimus, promptis et efificacibus studiis habiturus, ut apud celestem Regem, pro minimis grandia rependentem, non immerito reddaris acceptior, gratior habearis ; et, prefer laudis humane peconium, tibi proind^ proventuruni, apostolice sedis favorem et gratiam possis uberius promereri. Si vero in eodem regno Scocie, vel aliqua ejus parte jus aliquod habere te asseris, volumus quod tuos prociu-atores et nuntios, ad hoc specialiter constitutos, cum omnibus juribus et munimentis tuis hujusmodi negotium contin- gentibus, infra sex menses, k receptione presentium numerandos, ad nostram presentiam mittere non omittas ; cum parati sumus tibi, tanquam dilecto fdio, plene super premissis exhibere justicie complement um, et jm-a, siqua habes inviolabiliter observare. Nos enim nichilominus ex nunc lites, questiones, et controversias quaslibet, inter te, dictumque regnum Scocie, THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 221 ac prelates, clericos, ac personas seculares ejusdem, sub- ortas et que possunt imposterum ex qiiibusvis causis pre- teritis exoriri, totumque negotium predicta contingens, aut aliquod eoriuidem, ad cognitionem et determinationeni sedis ejusdem, presentium tenore, reducimus, et etiam reservamus ; Decementes irritum et inane, si secus scienter, vel ignoranter k quoquam in hac parte contigerit attemptari. Datum Anagnie, v. kal Julii, pontificatus, nostri anno quinto. B. MS. IN PUB. ARCHIV. LONDON. LITTERA MI.SSA AD CURIAM ROMANAM SUPER JURE REGIS COMPETENTE IN REGNO SCOCIE. feANCTissiMO in Cliristo patri, domino Bonifacio diving, providentia, Sancte Iiomane, ac universalis ecclesie summo Pontifici, Edwardus, ejusdem gratia, Kex Anglie, dominus Hibernie, et dux Aquitanie, devota pedum oscula bea- torum. Infrascripta, non in forma nee in figura judicii, set omnino extra judicium ; pro serenanda sancte paternitatis vestre conscientia, vobis transmittimus exhibenda. Altissimus inspector cordium nostre scrinio memorie indelebili stilo novit inscribi, quod antecessores et pro- genitores nostri, Eeges Anglie, jure superioris et directi dominii, ab antiquissimis retro temporibus, regno Scocie, et ipsius Eegibus, in temporalibus, et annexis eisdem, prefuerunt : Et ab eisdem Eegibus, pro Eegno Scocie, et ejusdem regni proceribus, k quibus habere volebant, ligia homagia et fidelitatis jurameuta receperunt : Et nos, juris et dominii possessionem continuantes hujus modi, pro tempore nostro, eadem t^m k Eege Scocie, qnkm ab ipsius regni proceribus recipimus. 222 THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. Quinimmo taiita juris et dominii prerogativa super Eegnum Scocie, et ejusdem Reges gaudebant, quod regnum ipsum suis fidelibus conferebant : Eeges etiam ex causis justis amovebant ; et constituerunt sub se, loco ipsorum, alios recjuaturos. Que procul dxibio ab antiquo notoria fuerunt, et exis- tunt, licet aliud forte paternis aiuibus, per pacis emulos, et rebellioiiis filios, fuerit falsa iusinuatione suggestum ; quorum machinosa et imaginaria figinenta vestra provi- dentia quesumus, aspernetur. Sub temporibus itaque Ely et Samuelis prophete, vir quidam strenuus et insignis, Brutus nomine, de genere Trojanorum, post excidium urbis Troje, cum midtis nobi- libus Trojanorum, applicuit in quandam insulam, tunc Albion vocatam, k gigantibus inliabitatam : quibus sua et suorum devictis potentia, et occisis, earn nomine sue Britanniam, sociosque suos Britones appelavit ; et edifi- cavit civitatem quam Ti-inovantum, nuncupavit, que modo Londonia nominatur. Et postea regnum suum tribus filiis suis divisit ; scilicet, Locrino primogenito, illam partem Britannie, que nunc Anglia dicitur : Et Albanacto secundo natu, illam partem que tunc Albania, ci nomine Albanacti, nunc vero Scocia nuncu- patur : Et Cambro filio minori, partem illam, nomine suo tunc Cambria vocatam, que nunc Wallia vocitatur ; Eeservata Locrino seniori regia dignitate. Itaque, biermio post mortem Bruti, applicuit in Albania quidam rex Hunorum, nomine Humber et Albanactum fratrem Locrini occidit ; quo audito Locrinus, Eex Brito- num, persecutus est eum : qui, fugiens, submersus est in flumine, quod de nomine suo Humber vocatur, et sic Albania revertitur ad dictum Locrinum. Item, Dunwallo, Eex Britonum, Staterium, Eegem Scocie, sibi rebellem occidit, et terram ejus in deditionem recepit. FROM TEACTS RELATING TO 223 Item duo filii DunwaUonis, scilicet, Belinus et Brennius, inter se regnum patris sui diviserunt. Ita quod Belinus senior diadema iasule, cum Britannia, Wallia, et Cornubia possideret : Brennius vero, sub eo regnaturus, Scociam acciperet; petebat enim Trojana consuetude, ut dignitas hereditatis primogenito proveniret. Item, Arturus, Rex Britonum, princeps famosissimus, Scociam sibi rebeUem subjecit, et pene totam gentem dele- vit : et postea quendam, nomine Anguselum, in Eegem Scocie prefecit. Et cum postea idem Rex Arturus apud civitatem Legionum festum faceret celeberimum, interfuerunt ibidem omnes Eeges, sibi subjecti ; inter quos Anguselus Rex Scocie, servitium pro Regno Scocie exbibens debitvim, gladium Regis Arturi detulit ante ipsum ; et successive omnes Reges Scocie omnibus Regibus Britonum fuere subjecti. Succedentibus autem Regibus Anglis in predicta insula, et ipsius monarchiam et dominium optinentibus subse- quenter, Edwardus dictus senior, filius Eluredi Regis Anglie, Scotorum, Cumbrorum, et StregwaUorum Reges sibi, tanquam superiori domino, subjectos habuit et sub- missos. Adelstanus Rex Anglie Constantinum, Regem Scotorum, sub se regnaturum constituit ; dicens, " Gloriosius est Re- " gem facere quim Regem esse." Et est dignum memoria, quod idem Adelstanus, inter- cedente Sancto Johanne de Beverlaco, quondam arclii- episcopo Eboricensi Scotos rebellantes ei dimicavit ; qui, gratias Deo devote agens, Deum exoravit, petens quatinus, interveniente beato Jobanne, sibi aliquod sigmun evidens ostenderet, quatenus tam succedentes, qukm presentes cognoscere possent, Scotos Anglorum regno jure subjugari : et videns quosdam seopulos, juxta quendam locum prope Dumbar in Scotia, prominere ; extracto gladio de vaginji percussit in silicem : qui lapis, ad dictum gladii, Dei virtute agente, ita cavatur, ut mensura nine longitudini 224 FEOM TRACTS RELATING TO possit coaptari : et hujus rei hactenus evidens signum apparet, et in Baverlaci ecclesia in legenda Sancti Johannis quasi singulis ebdomadis per annum, ad laudem et hono- rem Sancti Johannis, pro miraculo recitatur; et de hoc exstat Celebris memoria, tarn in Anglia, quam in Scocia, usque ad presentem diem. Item, Constantinus Rex Scottorum, et Eugenius Rex Cumbrorum, ad predictum Regem AngHe Adelstanum, post aliqualem dissentionem inter eos habitam, venientes, SB cum suis regnis eidem Adelstano dedidere ; cujus facti gratia fiUum Constantini ipse Adelstanus de sacro fonte suscepit. Item, Edredo Regi AngUe Scoti sine bello se subdi- derunt; et eidem Regi Edredo, tanquam domino, fideli- tatem debitam juraverunt ; quodam Yricio Rege super ipsos Scotos statute. Item, cum Edgarus Rex Anglie Regem Scotorum, Kinadium, et Cumbrorum Malculmum Regem, plurima- rum insularum Makkum, aliosque quinque subregulos, scilicet, Duvenaldum, Syferth, Huwal, Jacob, et Inchil, Regem ipsuni Edgarum, in navi qiiadam prope proram sedentem, per fluvium Dehe, remigare fecisset; fertur ipsum dixisse, successores suos gloriari se Reges Anglorum esse, cum tanta honorimi prerogativa fruentur, ut subjec- tam haberent tot Eegum potentiant Post dictum Edgarum successive successerunt Reges Anglie, Sanctus Edwardus Martir, Egelredus frater ejus, Edmundus dictus Hii'eneside filius Egelredi et Knutus ; qui eorum temporibus regnum Scocie in suS, subjectione pacifice tenuerunt : hoc duntaxat excepto, quod, anno quindecimo Regni Knuti predicti, idem Knutus Scotiam rebellautem expeditioiie illuc ducta, Regem Scocie Mal- colmum parvo subegit negotio, subditusque est ei idem MalcoLmus. Quibus Haraldus filius Knuti, et Hardeknutus frater ejus, unus post alium. Regis Anglie successerunt ; qui, eis, sic regnantibus, sibi subjectionem regni Scocie pacific^ habuerunt. THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 225 Item, Sanctus Edwardus, Eex Anglie, regnum Scocie dedit Malcolmo, filio Eegis Cumbrorum, de se tenendum. Item, WiUielmus, dictus Bastardus, Eex Anglie, cog- natus dicti Edwardi, a Malcolmo Eege Scotorum, tanquam a suo homine, sibi subdito, homagium cepit. Item, Willielmo Eiiifo, Eegi Anglie, predictus Mal- colmus, Eex Scotorum juramento fidelitatis subjectus fuit. Item, predictus Eex Willielmus, Dovenaldum de regno Scocie ex justis causis amovit, et loco ejus, Duucanum filium Malcobni Eegem Scocie prefecit, et recepit ab eo fidelitatis juramentum ; dictoque Duncano dolose per- empto, dictus Eex Willielmus prefatum Dovenaldum, qui iterum regnum Scocie invaserat, amovit ab eodem, et Edgarum filium dicti Malcolmi Eegem Scocie constituit, et eidem illud regnum donavit ; cui successit Alexander frater ejusdem Edgari, concessu Eegis Anglie Henrici primi, fratris dicti Eegis WilLielmi Eufii. Item, Matildi Imperatrici, filie et heredi Eegis Hen- rici predicti, Eex Scocie David fecit homagium et fideli- tatem. Item, Eegi Anglorum Stephano, Henricus filius dicti Eegis David homagium fecit. Item, Willielmiis Eex Scotorum, pro Eegno Scocie, et David frater suus, et comites et barones Eegni Scocie, de- venerunt homines Henrici, filii Eegis Anglie Henrici secundi, in crastino coronationis predicti Henrici, fihi Henrici secimdi, patre vivente, et fidelitatem ei jurave- runt contra omnes homines, salva fidelitate debita patri viventi Anno vero vicesimo regni Eegis Henrici secundi pre- dicti, dictus WilUelmus Eex Scotorum, rebellare incipiens, venit in Northumbrian! cum exercitu magno, et exercuit in populo stragem magnam ; cui occurrentes milites comi- tatiis Eboracensis apud Alnew'yke, ipsum ceperunt, ac dicto Henrico Eegi Anglie reddiderunt, annoque sequenti, scilicet, XV. kal. Martii, est idem Willielmus permissus liber abire. Postea vero apud Eboracum anno eodem, xvii. kal. Sep ■ p 226 FEOM TRACTS RELATING TO tembris, idem Willielmus Eex Scotorum de consensu prelatorum, comituni, baronum, procenim, et aliorum magnatum regui Scocie, domino sue Eegi Anglie Hen- rico, filio Matildis Imperatricis predicto, suis litteris patentibus cavisse noscitur, quod ipse, et lieredes et suc- cessores sui, Reges Scocie, episcopi, et abbates, comites etiam et barones, et alii homines regni Scocie, de quibug dominus Rex habere voluerit, facient Regibus Anglie honiagium, fidelitatem, et Ugantiam, ut ligio domino con- tra omnem hominem. Et, in siguum subjectionis hujusmodi, idem Willielmus Rex Scocie capellum, lanceam et sellam suos, super altare ecclesie beati Petri Eboracensis optulit, que in eadem ecclesia usque in hodiernum diem remanent et servantur. Item, episcopi, comites, et barones dicti regni Scocie, conventionaverunt, ut verbis ejusdem conventionis utamur, domino Regi, et Henrico filio suo predictis, quod, si Eex Scocie aliquocasu a fidelitate Regum Anglie, et conven- tione predicta recederet, ipsi cum domino Eege Anglie tenebunt, sicut cum ligio domino suo contra Eegem Scocie, quosque ad fidelitatem Regis Anglie redeat. Quam quidem compositionem, felicis recordationis, Gre- gorius Papa ix. in diversis rescriptis, Regibus Anglie et Scocie directis, mandavit firmiter observari ; continentibus etiam, inter cetera, quod Willielmus et Alexander Eeges Scotorum, Eegibus Anglie, Johanni et Henrico, ligium homagium et fidelitatem fecerunt, que tenentur succes- sores eorum, comites et barones regni Scocie, ij sis et suis successoribus exhibere : et iterum quod, cum idem Eex Scocie homo ligius sit ipsius Henrici Eegis Anglie, et eidem fidelitatis prestiterit juramentum, quo se principa- liter astrinxit quod in ipsius Eegis et regni Anglie detri- mentum, nichil debeat penitus attemptare. Et Papa Clemens, scribens Regi Anglie pro Johanne episcopo Sancti Andree, expulso ab episcopatu suo per Eegem Scocie inter cetera rogavit, quod Willielmum Regem Scocie moveret et induceret, et, si necesse fuerit, THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 227 districtione regali, qua et preminet, et concessa sue regie celsitudini potestate compelleret, ut dicto episcopo omnem rancorem, remitteret, et episcopatum suum eum habere in pace pennitteret. Et, post conventionem predictara, in ecclesia beati Petri Eboracensis, coram predictis Eegibus Anglie et Scotie, et David fratre suo, et universo populo, episcopi, comites, barones, milites de terra Eegis Scocie, juraverunt domino Eegi Anglie, et Henrico filio suo, et heredibus eorum fideUtatem contra omnem hominem, sicut ligiis dominis suis. Et idem, Willielmus Eex Scotorum, ad mandatum Eegis Henrici predicti, venit, apud Norhamptoniam, ad parlia- mentum domiui sui, adducens secum omnes episcopos, abbates, priores totius regni sui. Et venit etiam ad ejusdem Eegis Anglie mandatum in Normanniam. Et idem Eex Willielmus, post decessum dicti Eegis Henrici veniens Cantuariam, Eichardo Eegi Anglie, filio et heredi dicti Henrici, fecit homagium. Quo Eicardo, viam universe camis ingresso, sepefatus Willielmus Johanni Eegi Anglie, fratri et heredi predicti Eegis Eichardi, extra civitatem Lincolnie supra quendam montem, in conspectu omnis populi, fecit homagium, et juravit ei fidelitatem super crucem Huberti, tunc Cantua- riensis archiepiscopi. Et eidem Johanni, tanquam domiao suo, per cartam suam concessit quod Alexandrum filium suum, sicut hominem suum Hgium, maritaret; promittendo firmiter, in carta eadem, quod idem Willielmus Eex Scotorum et Alexander filius suus, Henrico filio Eegis Anglie Johannis, tanquam ligio domino suo, contra omnes mortales fidem et fidelitatem tenerent. A quo quidem Willielmo Eege Scotorum postmodum, pro eo quod desponderat fiUam suam comiti Bolonie, preter ipsius Eegis Johannis domini sui assensum, pro transgressione et temeraria presumptione hujusmodi, debi- tam satisfactionem accepit. Item, Alexander Eex Scotorum, sororius noster Eegi 228 FROM TEACTS RELATING TO Anglie Henrico, patri nostra, pro regno Scocie, et postea nobis homagium fecit. Vacante deinde regno Scocie, post mortem Alexandri Regis illius, et subsequenter per mortem Margarete, ejus- dem regni Scocie Regine et domine, neptis nostre, epi- scopi, abbates, priores, comites, barones, proceres, et ceteri nobiles, et communitates totivis regni Scocie ad nos, tan- quani ad legitimum defensorem, ducem, aurigam, capi- taneum et dominum capitalem, ejusdem regni sic vacantis, gratis et spontanea voluntate accedentes, prout tenebantur de jure, jus nostrum progenitorum et antecessorum nos- trorum, ac possessionem superioris et directi dominii in regno eodem, et ipsius regni subjectionem, ex certa scien- tia pure, simpliciter et absolute recognoverunt. Et prestitis nobis ab eisdem, tanquam superiori et directo domino Scocie, debitis et consuetis fidelitatem juramentis ac civitatibus, burgis, villis, castris, ac ceteris munitionibus regni ejusdem in manu nostra traditis, ad custodiam ejusdem regni certos, jure nostro regio, officiales et ministros deputavinius ; quibus ipsi, tempore vaca- tionis hujusmodi, concorditer fuerent obedientes, et inten- dentes in nostris preceptis regiis et mandatis. Postmodum autem diverse persone, super successione in dictum regnum Scocie jure hereditario inter se con- tendentes, ad nos tanquam ad superiorem dominum regni Scocie, accesserunt : petentes, super jure succedendi in regnum predictum.sibi pernos exhiberi justicie complemen- tum : volentes et expresse consentientes coram nobis, tan- quam superiore et directo domino regni Scocie, stare juri. Et demum, earundem partium petitionibus et juribus coram nobis, tanquam coram superiore et directo domino, judicialiter propositis, ac sufficienter auditis, rimatis, exa- minatis, et diligenter intellectis, in presentia omnium pre- latorum et nobilium, quasi totius regni Scocie, et de vohmtate et assensu expresso eorumdem procedentes, Johannem de Balliolo debite prefecimiis in Regem Scoto- runi ; quem tunc in successione ejusdem regni heredem legitimum, et jura habere invenimus potiora. THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 229 Qui quideni prelati, comites, barones, comunitates, ac ceteri incole ejusdem regni, hiijusmodi sententiam nos- tram expresse omologarunt, acceptarunt, et expresse approbarunt : et ipsum Johannem, de mandato nostra, virtute hujusmodi judicii, in Eegem suum admisenmt. Ac idem Johannes Eex Scocie, pro regno suo, prestito nobis liomagio debito et consiieto, ac fidelitatis juramento, ad parliamenta nostra de mandato nostro veniens, eisdem, tanquam noster snbditus, sicut alii de regno nostro, inter- fuit, et nostris, tanquam domini sui superioris dicti regni Scocie, paruit beneplacitis et mandatis, nobis in omnibus obediens et intendens. Quousque idem Johannes Eex Scocie, et prelati comi- tes, barones, nobiles, communitates, ac ceteri incole majores regni ejusdem, ex preconcepta malitia, et prelocuta, ae preordinata proditione, factiones, confederationes, con- spirationes, et conjurationes, in exheredationem nostram, et heredum nostrorum, ac regni nostri, contra debitum homagii sui et fidelitatis juramentum, inter se inierunt, in crimen lese majestatis nequiter incidendo. Unde, cum premissa, ex fideli relatione, fama publica consentiente, ad aures nostras pervenissent ; volentes futu- ris periculis precavere, que ex hiis et aliis possent nobis regno nostro, et regni nostri incolis verisimiliter provenire, pro assecuratione regni nostri accessimus ad confinium regni utriusque, pluries mandantes eidem Johanni, tunc Eegi Scocie, quod ad certa loca, in confinio predicto, ad nos accederet, super premissis et aliis, pro statu, tranqui- litate, et pace utriusque regni, assecurationem facturus : et alia, per nos et consilium nostrum sibi exponenda, audi- turus ; et super hiis et ea contingentibus justitiam recep- turus. Qui, spretis mandatis nostris, contumaciter in sua per- sistens perfidia, ad belUcos apparatus, cum episcopis, pre- latis, et clericis, comitibus, baronibus regni Scocie, ac etiam aliis exteris conductitiis, contra nos, regnum nos- trum, et iucolas regni nostri, hostiliter se convertens accinxit : et, ad hostiles aggressus et incursus procedens 230 FROM TRACTS RELATING TO regnum nostrum invasit : quasdam villas regni nostri Anglie per se et suos depredatus est, easque vastavit inceudio ; homines nostros interfecit ; et, nonnullis nautis nostris per eos peremptis, naves hominum nostrorum regni Anglie comburi fecit. Et e vestigio, redditis nobis homagio et fidelitate per Eegem Scocie, tarn pro se, quam pro aliis quibuscunque regni sui incolis, per verba, effectmn diSidentie expri- mentia, comitatus nostros Nortlnunbrie, Cambrie, et Westmerlandie, regni nostri Anglie, congregato ingenti exercitu, hostiliter per se et suos invasit : stragem in- numeram hominum nostrorum, incendia monasteriorum, ecclesiarum et villarum inhumane perpetrando : et pat- riam undique depopulando ; infantes in cunis, mulieres in puerperio decimibentes immisericordi et atroci sevitia trucidarunt ; et, quod auditu horrendiuu est, a nonnullis mulieribus mamillas atrociter absciderunt ; parvos cleri- culos, primas litteras et gramaticam addiscentes, ad nu- merum circiter ducentorum, in scolis existentes, obstructis hostiis scolarum igne supposito concremarunt. Nosque, cernentes tot dampna, obprobia, facinora, et injurias, in exheredationem nostram, et destructionem popuH regni nostri, proditionaUter irrogari : nee volentes, ratione juramenti, quo ad conservationem jurium corone regni nostri simius astricti, tarn execranda, detestanda, et nefanda facinora ulterius tolerare : nee jura nostra relin- quare indefensa : cum idem Johannes et gens Scotorum, nostri subditi, per leges se justificari minime permisissent ipso regno Scocie, quod a longissirnis temporibus, sicut superius exprimitur, nobis et progenitoribus nostris feudale extitit ; Ex causis premissis commisso deinde bello, juxta leges et consuetudines regni nostri, contra eos, de consilio pro- cerum et magnatum nostrorum, indicto : contra dictum Johannem et gentem Scotorum vires poteutie nostre ex- tendimus, prout de jure nobis licuit, et processimus contra ipsos, tanquam notorie proditores contumaces, et publicos hostes nostros. THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 231 Subacto itaque regno Scocie jure proprietatis nostre ditioiii, prefatus Johannes Kex Scocie ipsum regnum Scocie, quatenus de facto tenuit, sponte, pure, et absolute reddidit in manum nostram : proditiones et scelera me- morata coram nobis et proceribus regni nostri public^ recognoscens. Quo peracto prelati, comites, barones, nobiles et com- munitates regni Scocie, quos ad pacem nostram regiam suscepimus subsequenter, homagia et fidelitates nobis, tanquam immediate et proprio domino ejusdem regni Scocie, fecerunt ac etiam prestiterunt. Ac, redditis nobis ejusdem regni civitatibus, vHlis, castris, munitionibus, ac ceteris locis omnibus, ad dic- tum regnum spectantibus, officiales nostros et mini- stros ad regimen ejusdem regni Scocie prefecimus jure nostro. Cumque, jure pleni dominii, in possessione ejusdem regni existere dinoscamur, omittere non possumus nee debemus, quin insolentiam subditorum nostrorum rebel- lium, si quos invenerimus, preeminentia regia, prout jus- tum fuerit, et expedire viderimus, reprimamus. Quia vero, ex premissis et aliis, constat evidenter, et notorium existit quod prelibatum regnum Scocie, tarn ratione proprietatis, quam possessionis, ad nos pertinet pleno jure : nee quicquam fecerimus vel caverimus, scripto vel facto sicuti nee possemus, per que juri aut possessioni predictis debeat aliqvialiter derogari. Sanctitati vestre humiliter supplicamus quatinus, pre- missa provida meditatione pensantes, ex illis vestri motum animi dignemini informare suggestionibus contrariis emu- lorum, in bac parte vobis factis, fidem, si placet, nulla- tenus adhibendo ; quinimo statum nostrum, et jura nostra regia supradicta habere velitis, si placet paternis affec- tibus commendata. Conservet vos Altissimus, ad regimen ecclesie sue sancte, per tempora prospera et longeva. Datum apud Kemeseye, septimo die Maii Anno Domini Mccc. primo et regni nostri vicesimo nono. 232 FROM TRACTS RELATING TO C. a MS. COLL. EDIN. SCOTICRONICON. 6 MS. DONIBRISTLE, SCOTICRONICON.' INSTRUCTIONES. XER apostolica dudum scripta citatus Dominus Rex Anglie, qui, temporis ad hoc oportunitate captata, more insidiantis ut noceat ex abscondito, reguum Scoeie sibi vicinum, quia vacans, acephalum, laceratum in partes, ut- pote proprii regis viduatum regimine, Romanaque tunc va- cante ecclesia, carens presidio cujuslibet defensoris, duplicii nihilominus persecucionis, et turbacionis patenti periculo, proprie scilicet intestine discordie, et infestacionis extrin- sece regis memorati tarn vicine ; tunc primo impetisse de nouo noscatur, et quasi ex insidiis inquietasse super statu suo injuste priore habite pristine libertatis. Subsequenter- que afflixisse non solum regni ipsius iacolas, iteratis hosti- libus multis incursibus, injuriis, dampnis gravibus variisque pressuris, regnum Scoeie et ecclesiam ejus, verum eciam more Antiochi, abhominacionibus multimodis ausu sacrUego Ed. Hearne. — Pee apostolica dudum scripta citatus Dominus Rex Anglise, qui, more insidiantis, ut noceat in abscondito, temporis ad hoc oportunitate capta, tribulacionis et discordise tempore, reg- num Scocise, sibi vicinum, quia vacans, acephalum, laceratum in partes, utpote suique regis viduatum regimine, et sic carens praesidio cujuslibet defensoris, Komana ecclesia tunc vaeante, espositum est nichilominus patenti periculo persecucionis, et tribulacionis dupliciis intestiniB, proprise scilicet discordise et infestacionis hostilis extrincicse regis ejusdem Anglia;, tarn vicine tunc primo impetisse de novo noseitur, ac illud ex prseconceptis maliciis in- quietasse injuste super suo statu priori pacifico habitse libertatis. Subsequenter, quod afflixisse non solum regni ipsius incolas iteratis hostibus, multis incursibus, injuriis, dampnis gravibus variisque pressuris, verum eciam ausu sacrilegii regni ejusdem, Dei timore postposito, obstinata raalicia, more Antiochi, abhomi- ' The few words within parentheses are from b. In other respects the two MSS. exactly correspond. THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 233 tirannice, Dei timore postposito, ipsam polluisse, prelatis ipsius regni ecclesiasticisque personis aliis datis exilio, et aliis carceribus mancipatis, deque nonnullis ejusdem regni ecclesiis solempnibus et cathedralibus factis per ipsum et suos, more Sarracenorum, stabulis, pro ! dolor, equis suis ; et ut, preter hec, nmltarum ecclesiaruni commissa per ipsum in dicto regno taceantur incendia, immanitates alie, cedes et scelera infinita, quod apud sedem Apostolicam, certo sibi ad hoc statuto termino, per instructos suos procuratores ac nuncios, cum suis juribus et munimentis comparet, de jure suo, si quod haberet in ipso Scocie regno, ostensurus ibidem, et suscepturus super ipso per summum Pontificem, ordinarium et competentem judicem, quod juris esset ; toto regno ejusdem negocio, tanquam una de causis majoribus, ad examinacionem et decisioneni sedis Apostolice, racione preuia, per literas Apostolicas reuocato solempniter, et decreto Apostolico ne quid tieret in contrarium subsecuto. Idem rex, prefato sic sibi statuto termino, nee comparere curauit, ut debuit, in curia, nee de suo jure quicquam ostendere sufficienter, ad hoc etiam expectatus, ymmo, elap- nacionibus multimodis conculcasse tirannice et inimimdiciis polluisse, prtelatis ipsius et elericis aliis datis exOio, et aliis carceribus publicis mancipatis, deque nonnullis regni ejusdem ecclesiaj solemnibus et cathedralibus factis per ipsum et suos more Saracenorum, stabulis pro equis suis, ut prseter hoc ecclesia- rum multarum commisso per ipsum in dicto regno taceantur in- cendia, inhuniauitates, aliae coedes et scelera infinita, quod apud sedem apostolicam, certo ad hoc sibi statuto termino, per instruc- tos suos procuratores, et nuncios cum suis juribus et munimentis compareret, de suo jure siquidem haberet in ipso Scocise regno ostensurus ibidem ; et suscepturus super ipso per suum pontificem ordinarium et competentem judicem, quod juris esset, toto regni ejusdem negocio, tamquam una de causis majoribus, ad examina- cionem et decisionem sedis apostolicaj racione prima per litteras apostolicas revocato solempniter, et decreto apostolico, ne quid fieret in contrarium, subsecuta. Idem rex praefato sic sibi statuto termino comparere nee curavit, ut debuit, in curia, nee de suo jure quicquam ostendere sufficienter ad hoc eciam expec- tatus, ymmo, elapsis im. mensibus post eundem sic sibi statutum 234 FROM TRACTS RELATING TO sis quatuor mensibus post eundeni sibi sic statutum tenni- num, sine procuratorio ad causain necessario vel sufficienti mandate, Domino nostra eidem siimmo Pontrfici solam suam niidam destinauit epistolam, loco probacionis et decla- racionis omnimodi juris sui, quod sibi asserit in regno competere supradicto. In qua sua epistola, dissimulatis racionibus et juribus certissimis, per ApostoHca prius sibi scripta expositis, que regni ejusdem Scocie manifesto comprobant babitam liber- tatem, ad discribendam seriose exorditam cujuscunque vetustatis historiam, quasi ignotam se convertit. Que historia ex remotis, veluti ex gemino ovo, sic descripta, in principio videatur suauis, superficialiter polita et satis pulcra, sopbistica tamen esse committitur, et omni fide vacua, exquesita funditus radice negocii, et rei geste detecta medullitus veritate, prout ex sequentibus apparebit. Et dato, quod Bruti uel Biitonum Saxonumve, tacta per ipsum regem, ignota memoria et remota time haberent aliquid veritatis, quo ad moderna tamen tempora, uel dominia, locum sibi non vendicant, utpote subsequencium terminum, sine procuratorio ad causam necessario vel suflBcienti mandato Domino nostro eidem summo pontifici solam suam nudam destinavit epistolam, probacionis loco et declaracionis omnimodi juris sui, quod sibi asserit competere in regno Scocise supradicto. In qua sua epistola dissimulatis caUide racionibus et juribus certissimis, per apostolica sibi prius scripta expositis, quae regni ejusdem Scociae manifeste comprobant habitam libertatem, pro- paUiandis et excusandis in ipso regno Scocise commissis per ipsum modemis excessibus, ad discribendam seriose exhorditam cujusdam vetustatis historiam, quia innotam et incertam, se convertit. Quse licet historia ex remotis, veluti ex gemino ovo, sic descripta, principiis primis videatur suavis, superficialiter poUita et pulcra satis, sopbistica tamen esse convincitur, et omni fide vacua, exqui- sita funditus radice, negocii, et rei gestse detecta medullitus veri- tate, prout ex subsequentibus apparebit. Et dato, quod Bruti vel Britonum Saxonumve, tacta per ipsum regem, ignota memoria et remota tunc haberet aliquid veritatis, quo ad moderna tamen tempora vel dominia regnorum locum sibi ut tunc vendicant, THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 235 gestarum rerum et temporum mutacione, et innouata varietate sublata. Sed nee ipse Dominus Eex, illam vetustatem Britonum, juste continuat oppressionibus siiis modernis nouissimis subsecutis circa statum regni Scocie supradictum. Quique vero, seipso teste, actore simul et judice in causa sua, per scripta sola propria astruere et probare justiciam cause sue. Nee mii-um, si, veris destitutus assercionibus, justi judicis formidat judicium et eventum contra ipsum promulgande. Si juste maxima examinaren- tur facta sua, quamvis absens ipse citatus, fit contumax. Prime cum sedis Apostolice nisus est per sola sua eulogia deelinare examen, Leuitici generis sacerdotis et judicis, cuncta rimantis, Eomani Pontificis, refugere judicium; spoliatisque et a Deo prouisum in terris singulare refu- gium et ultimum vi oppressis : reuocationisque ejusdem negocii, per sedem ipsara facti ad curiam, eneruare effec- tum, per sola mendicata sibi suffragia, non probata, friuola, tam inualide vetustatis, nudaque sua sola assercione, Scotis ipsis auferre juris respirandi remedium, et subsidium diete utpote subsequenciam gestarum rerum et temporum mutacione, innovata varietate, sublata. Sed nee ipse Dominus rex, vetus- tatem illam Britonum, interruptam ymmo sublatam omnino, juste continuat oppressionibus suis modernis novissirais subsecutis circa statum regni Scociae supradicti. Quique vero, seipso rege teste, actore simulque eciam judice in causa sua, per scripta sola propria studet iujuste astruere et probare justiciam causae suae, ad se regnum Scocise pertinere praedictum, in- sulaeque eciam ipsius Britannise, nuUo sibi certi juris justiciae pos- sessionis alio noto titulo quolibet suffragante. Nee mirum, si, veris tantura sic ipse destitutus affercionibus, et propter hoc justi judicis formidans judicium, et eventum seuteuciae contra ipsum promul- gando, si juste maxime examinarentur facta sua, quamvis absens ipse citatus, sic contumax primse tantum sedis apostolicae nisus est per sua sola eulogia deelinare examen, Levitici generis sacerdotis et judicis, cuncta rimantis, Romani pontificis rofugere judicium (tam injuste spoliatis utique adeo pruvisum in terris siugulare refugiam ultimum et vi oppressis) necnon eciam et revocacionis ejusdem nego- 236 FEOM TRACTS RELATING TO sedis, cujus est ipsum regnum Scotie, non sine ipsius sedis contemptu, jurisdictionisque ipsius prejudicio non modico et ausu restringendi Eomane ecclesie jurisdictionem soli- tam inter reges et regna maxime, et ipsius amplissimam habitam potestatem, et hoc non sine expressi mali pernicie, vias, scilicet, aperiendi subterfugiis vetitis, jurisque nota injuria, quod sine ulla fore prescripcione aliave causa legit- tima, in foi-ma juris per procuratorem, ad hoc constitutum, proponenda ordinarii judicis possit jurisdictio declinari. Sed quia regnum ipsum Scocie, quod, ut dictum est, ad Eomanam noscitur ecclesiam pertinere, de jure com- iini, per quod, par in parem non haberet imperium, et per quod rex regi non subest, uel regnum regno, sicut nee consul cousuli, uel pretor pretori, quo ad ipsum regem Anglie, fuit semper oninino libermn ; et, a tem- pore, a quo non extat memoria, modoque eciam sit in hujusmodi libertatis possessione, contra ipsum super hoc legitima prosecucione, mimitum, et asseratur eidem regi omnino, uec esse feodatimi uel feodale, de cujus con- trario non sit eciam facta, sed nee fieri possit debita fides : cii, per sedem ipsam facti ad curiam, enervare efFectum per sola mendacia sibi siiffragia, non probata, frivola tani invalidse vetus- tatis nuda sua sola assercione, Scotis ipsis auferre juris respirandi remedium, et subsidium dicta; sedis, cujus est ipsum regnum Sco- cise, non sine ipsius sedis contemptu, jiuisdictiouisque ipsius prse- judicio, cum non modico et ausu restringeutibus Romance ecclesice jurisdictionem solitam inter reges et regna maxime, et ipsius am- plissimam habitam potestatem, et hoc non sine eciam exempli mali pernicie, vias scilicet aperiendi subterfugiis vetitis, jurisque nota injuria, ac sine ulla fore descripcione alienae causa legittima, in forma juris per procuratorem, ad lioc constitutum, proponenda et probanda, ordinarii judicis summi pontificis jurisdictio taliter declinari. Sed quia regnum ipsum Scociae, quod, ut dictum est, ad Romanam noscitur ecclesiam pertinere de jure comuni, per quod, quod par in parem non habet imperium, et per quod rex regi non subest, vel regnum regno, sicut nee consul cunsuli, vel prtetor prse- tori, quo ad ipsum regem AngliiB, fuit semper omnino liberum, et THE ENGLISH CLAIMS. 237 Judexque eciam alius non reperiatur idoneus in dicta causa, nisi ipsa Eomana ecclesia, ad quam possit per Sco- tos, suam ecclesiam Scoticanam, lesam tarn enormiter et oppressam per dictum regem, pro justitia optinenda super sibi illatis injuriis, et dainpnis datis, haberi recursus; ejusdemque Domini regis, ut partis testisque solius non jurati in causa ipsa sua propria, assercionibus, testimoniis, aut eulogiis prelibatis, que pro se summo Pontifici desti- nauit, in prejudicium, partis adverse, cujus assercionibus, mutuoque judiciali conflictu, et non Uteris vel libellis, causarum merita declarantur. Nee possit, preterea, idem Domiaus rex judex esse idoneus in causa predicta, ubi regnum predictum Scocie sibi subjectum uel feodale non existit penitus, ut est dictum. Precellens ejusdem Aposto- lice sedis autoritas, que non sinit in subditos fieri qiiod enim potencie, sed quod juris ; nee in exhibenda justicia ad se confugientibus, maxime suis, deesse ullatenus consue- vit, impedire uel supersedere non deberet de jure in pre- fato, ad se sic reuocato, Scocie negocio, pretextu niorum, ad hoc productonmi per ipsrmi regem in partis absencia. a tauto tempore, a quo non extat memoria, modoque eciam sit in hujusmodi libertatis possessione, contra ipsum, super hoc legittima prosecuracione, munitum, et asseratur eidem regi omnino, nee esse subditum nee feodale, de cujus contrario non sit facta, sed nee fieri possit debita fides : Judexque eciam alius non reperiatur superior competens in dicta causa, nisi ipsa Romana ecclesia, ad quam possit per Scociam, suamque ecclesiam Scoticanam, Isesam tarn enormiter et oppressam per dictum regem, pro justicia opti- nenda super sibi illatis injuriis, et dampnis datis, habere recursus ejusdem Domini regis, ut partes testesque solius non jurati in causa ipsa sua propria assercionibus, testimoniis, aut eulogiis pr»- libatis, qui pro se summo pontifici destinavit in prsejudicium, credi non debeat, alienum, quantacumque rex ipse prasemineat dignitate, sed pr ' omitted in 6. ^ 6 reads riata. ^ c leads Jindnioir. ' 6 reads Arnall ; c Earnail. 5 h and c prefix to Maelcoluim, David righ Albatn mac Coluim mic Dondcaid mic. ^ not in b. ' b and c add liere, the words in parentheses not being in c, mic Eachach mic Aeda find mic Each- ach mic Domangoirt (/ siam con- drecaidh Cenla n-Gabrain y Cenla Comgaill, mic Domnaill bricc mic Eachach buide) I sunn condrecaidh clann Fergusa gtiill mic Eachach buide A. Oabranaig 7 clann Conaill cirr mic Eachach buide J. Fir ibe fris in rigraig, A. clann Cinaeda mic Ailpin mic Aedain. I sund condrecaidh clann Eachach buide fir leithrind Conaing (don leth tuaidh) mic Aedain mic Oabran mic Domangoirt mic Fergusa moir mic Eire. I sund condrecaidh Cenla Loairn mic Eire 7 Cenla n- 316 TEACT ON THE SCOTS OF DALEIADA. Cethri prim cenoil Dailriadai .i. Cenla n-Gabrain, Cenla Loarnd mair, Cenla n-Oengusa, Cenla Comgaill. Gabran '7 Comgall da meic Domangart y Fedelm foltchain ingen Briuin mic Echach muigmedon a mathair.^ Genelach Cenel Gabrain,*^ Congus mac Consamla mic Canai gairb mic Gartnait mic Aedain mic Gabraiu. Genelach Cenla Loairnd mair,*= Aiabhcellach mac Ferchair fotai mic Feradaich mic Fergusa^ mic Coluim mic Boetain mic Ecdacli mic IMuredaig mic Loairnd mair mic Eire mic Eachach muinremair. Mongan^ mac Domnall TRANSLATION. * Four chief tribes of Dalriaila, viz., Ciiiel Gabran, Cinel Lorn mar, Cinel Angus, and Cinel ComgaU. Gabran and Comgall, the two sons of Domangurt and FedUmidh, fair hair, daughter of Brian, son of Eochaidh Muighmedon, their mother. ^ Genealogy of the Cinel Gabran. "= Genealogy of the Cinel Lorn mar. Aengusay Cenla 71-Gahran 7 Cenla Comgaill mic Eachachmninreamatr, mic Aengusa mic Feidlimiclh ais- lingthi mic Aengusa buadnid mic Feidlimidh mic Sen Cormac mic Laigh luaithi mic Aithir mic Ech- ach antoit mic Fiach tathmail. Son of Eachach, son of Aeda find, son of Domangart ; here branch off the Cinel Gabran, and the Cinel Comgaill ; son of Donald brec, son of Eachach buide ; here branch off the clan Fergusa gall, son of Each- ach buide, id est, the Gabranaig and the clan Conall Cerr, son of Eachach buide, id est, the men of Fife in the sovereignty, id est, the clan of Kenneth, son of Alpin, son of Aedan ; here branch off the clan Eachach buide, the men of the half share of Conaing (of the half land) son of Aedain, son of Gabran, son of Domangart ; son of Fergus mor, son of Ere ; here branch off the Cinel Lorn mac Ere, the Cinel Angus, the Cinel Gabran, and the Cinel Comgall ; son of Echach muinremar, son of Angus, son of Feidlimidh Aes- lingthi, son of Angus buadnid, son of Feidlimidh, son of Old Cor- mac, son of Laith luaithe, son of Aithir, son of Echach antoit, son of Fiach tathmail. ' b and c insert after Fergusa, mic Nechtan. 2 b reads Morgan ; c, Mogan. TEACT ON THE SCOTS OF DALEIADA. 317 mic Cathmai^ mic Euadrach mic Ferchair mic Muredaig mic Boetan^ Genelach Cenla^ Comgaill,'^ Echtgach mac Neaclitaia mic Ferchair mic Fhingin mic Eaclidach mic Loingsich mic Comgaill mic Domangoirt mic mic Misi mair mic Eire mic Ecliach munremair Genelach Cenla* Oengusa,^ Oengus mac Boidb mic Eonain mic Aedain mic Cablein mic Nadsluaig mic EonaiQ mic Oengusa mic Eire* ^ Genealogy of the Cinel ComgaU. ^ Genealogy of the Cinel Angus. * c reads Caithnia. 2 6 add c and mic Echach mk Muredach. 2 6 reads Clann. * ft and c read Clann. ^ b and c add inic Echach Muinreamair, and conclude with the following additional pedigree : — Maelsnechta mac Lulaig mic Gillicomgan mic Maelbrigde mic Ruadri mic Morgaind mic Dorfi' nail mic Cathmail mic Ruadri mic Aircellach mic Ferchair fhoda. 318 TRACT ON THE PICTS. XLII. TRACT ON THE PICTS, before mccclxxiii. a MS. BODL. RAWLINSON, B. 506. 6 MS. R. I. A. DUBL. BOOK OP LECAIN.'^ DE GENELACH DAL.iRAIDHE .1. FIACHA AKAITHE. Oland Conaill cearnaicli .i. Dalnaraide o carraic ind- beruacht^ co lind huachalla. Ainm n-aile doib Cruith- nig .i. niath cmtliaige no nia Crodai* ut poeta dixit. A mailduin anasrubairt Frithr iiin inirubairt Do gae cruaith rodamar Do lobor buaith no trenfir. Crodai M Irial glunmar mac Conaill Cernaich for ceta TRANSLATION. OF THE DESCENT OF THE DALAEAEDHE, TD EST, FIACHA AEAIDHE. The clan of Conall Cernach, id est, the Dalnaraidhe from the rock of Inveruacht to the pool of UachaiU. Another name for them was Cruthnigh, id est, the proved champion or the sister's son of Crodai, as the poet sings : — MaUduin what thou hast said Has happened, one day he was struck From the very keen hard spear Of the victorious leper or strong man.- Crodai was [a name applied] to Irial glunmar, son of Conall 1 The words within parentheses are in h only. ^ b reads I ndbeiruisci. ^ h oDiita Niath Crathaige, and reads, .i. nath Crodu. These are fanciful explanations of the name Cruthnigh, as being derived from Cruthaige and Niath, or Crodu and Nia or Nath. ■* The sense of this stanza ia obscure, and its connexion with what goes before not ajiparent. TEACT ON THE TICTS. 319 ar baradh Cruithniu .i. nia Cruitline .i. mac seathar Cruithne.^ Lonchetuae ingean Echdhi eachbeoil dia Albae a mathaii'. Ithe abbae do nacht Cuculaind 7 Curoi mac Daii-e a Albae in Erenn. Colgu mac Mongain dixit. Masa comram^ condaigi ■ Cuideas,^ eacna rummar Coica catha deiTuaid* Eo fich Irial glunmar Da n-ocht dec milead de tlmathaib Traiciae da lotar ar ceand loingse meic Mdedh Easpaine do Gearman do bertadar leo co m-batar h-im miUteacht. Leo ni taultatar mna leo statim conid do sil meic Miled anro froetar mna iarsiQ. Do brith ingeani oigtigearu daaib flaithnio h- Erind 7 ar n-glanad a claideam-tir doib allae itir Breatnaib .L Mag Eortrein j:)?'mo f Mag Cirgiu (.i.^josfea) fo conid iar mathru gabait flaith y gach comarbus olclieana ar naisa Cemach, primarily as descended from the Cruithniu, id est, the nephew of Cruithne, id est, son of the sister of Cruithne. Loneetna, the daughter of Echdhe eaclibheoil of Alba, was his mother. This was the cause which brought Cuchulain and Curoi, son of Daire, from Alba to Erin. Colgu, son of Mongan, sings : — If it be a connexion of relationship That proves secret wisdom, Fifty battles to Easroe Did Irial glunmar fight. Twice eighteen soldiers of the tribes of Thracia went to the fleet of the sons of Mileadh of Spain, to Germany, and they took them away with them and kept them as sokliers. They had brought no wives with them at that time. And it was of the race of the sons of Mileadh they took wives afterwards. They received the daughters of chieftains from the sovereign champions of Erin, and when they had cleared their swurdland yonder among the Britons, viz., Magh Fortrein, primo, and Magh Girgin, postea, so that it is in right of mothers they succeed to sovereignty and all other successions to which they were bound by the ' Mac seathar Cruithne not iu i. I ^ b reads Cruitheas. ^ b reads romrair. , ^ b reails co heasrtiaidh. 320 TRACT ON THE TICTS. fomi o feraib Erind .1 tri chaicat ingean ro h-uicset a h-Erenn do inaithrib mac mde Aldind na h-ingi i crich Dalaraidhe (isead adlotar leo). Trica rig do Cruitlmib for Erind j Albain .L do Criiith- nib Alban j (do Criiithnib) Erenn .i. di Dailaraidhe. Ota Ollaman dia ta mur n-Ollamhan h-i Teamair coinici Eiaclini mac Baetain ro ne naisc sidhe giallu Erenn j Alban. Seact riga dan do Chruiueachaib Alban ro follamnaigea- staii- Erenn a Teamair. OUamb ainm .i. cbet rig ro gab (Erind a Teamar) j a Chruachnaib xxs. aimis Is de ata Mur n-OUaman h-i Teamair h-is leis ceta n-dernad feis Teamrach. H-Eilim^ ollfinsnectha tareisi n-Ollaman ri for Eirinn uili a Teamar xxx. minis. Na [f ]laith sidhe fearais insnecta fina CO timteth fer isan gaimriath. Findoll cisirne tareisi n-Eilim xxx. annis h-i Teamair ocus i ceand. Nach n-ad ro genair ina flaithusidhe robo cheanand isde ata Ceannandas ina lochtae. men of Erin. They took with them from Erin thrice fifty maidens to become mothers of sons, whence Altnaninghean, in the territory of Dalaraidhe, from which place they departed with them. Thirty kings of the Cruithneach, over Erin and Alban, viz., of the Cruithneach of Alban and of Erin, viz., of the Dalaraidhe. They were from Ollamhan, from whence comes Mur Ollamhan at Teamhair to Fiacha mac Baedan, who fettered the hostages of Erin and Alban. Seven kings of the Cruitneach of Alban governed Erin in Teamhair. Ollamh was the name of the first king that governed Erin at Teamhair and in Cruachan, thirty years. It is from him Mur Ollamhan at Teamhair is ; by him was the Feast of Teamhair first instituted. Eilim oUf hinachta after Ollamhan king over all Erin at Team- hair, thirty years. It was in his reign the wine snow fell which covered the grass in winter. Findoll cisirne succeeded Eilim thirty years at Teamhair and at Ceanannus. Every cow that was calved in his reign was white headed, and it is from him that the name of Ceanannus is given to his place. ' b reads Ailill. TEACT ON THE PICTS. 321 Geithe ollgothach ina diaidsidhe i Teamair 7 for Fain- laibe h-i tirib Mogorna ro fallnastar xxx. annis. Ina flaitha sidhe ba bindnitbir la each gutb araili bidh crot ar naed in caincomhraich ina iiaitha sidbe. Slauoll tareisi n-Geith is na flaithtis in raib gallra for dainib in Ere ; ro allnastair b-i Teamair j slan for Ere xxx. minis. Bagag ollfiacba tareisi Slanuill ro fallnastair for Eirenn i Teamair xxx. annis. Is na flaitb sidbe tinscanta coicce in Ere. Bearngal tareisi in B[agog] ro fallnastair for Ere a Teamair xxx. annis. Is na flaitbnus sidbe a rocuir ith in Ere acbt miacb co leitli ar med coictbe in Erinn 7 ara lin. Ite sin na vii. riga ro gabsat Erenn di Cniitbnib Alban. Di Cruitbnib Erinn din di Dalnaraidbe, na vij. Laicbse Laing 7 na vij. Sodban Erind 7 cacb CouaiUi fil in Erind. De genelacb Dalnaraidbe. Geide olgotliaeh after him at Teamhair, and over Fain-Laibe in the county of Mughdorn. He ruled for thirty years. In his reign the voices of all sounded as the music of the harp to eacli other, so great was the peace in his reign. Slanoll after Geide. In his reign no person in Erin was dis- eased. He governed at Teamhair, and health was over Erin thirty years. Bagag ollfhiacha after Slanoll. He governed Erin at Teamh- air thirty years. It was in his reign that wars were first begun in Erin. Bearngal after Bagag. He governed Erin at Teamhair thirty years. It was in his reign that all the corn of Erin, except one sack and a half, was destroyed on account of the wars in Erin, and for their frequency. These then are the seven kings that ruled over Erin of the Cruithneach of Alban. Of the Cruithneach of Erin, i.e., of Dalaraidhe, are the seven Laighsi of Leinster, and the seven Soghains, and all the Conailli that are in Erin. Of the de.sccnt of tlie Dalnaraidbe. 322 TEACT ON THE PICTS. XLIII. TEACT ON THE PICTS, before mcccxci. MS. K. I. A. DUBL. BOOK OF BAiLIMOTE. An tan don thaim'g loingis meic Milidh gnr gabsad i n-Gearmain ina h-oirrtiir, do lodar da n-ocht deg milidh do mUeadaibh Traicia for loiageas gu macu Milidh .L fo clu uirdracus na loingsi combadar iu naentaidh meic Milidh 7 do rarngairseadar saidhe doibhsium soighe thire leo dia n-gliabhdais tir feisiu de sin tra rothsealgadar Gaidhil ar eigin in tir a f hUead Cruithneachu. In mileidh sin tra do lodar a Traicia i Cruitheantuaith. TRANSLATION. New when the fleet of the sons of Milidh came to possess in Germany in the east, there came twice eighteen soldiers of the soldiers of Thrace in ships to the sons of Milidh, that is, from the fame and renown of that fleet, tiU they united with the sons of MUidh, who promised them that they shoidd obtain lands with them if they should themselves acquire a country. The Gaidhil afterwards landed them by force in the land in which are the Cruithneachu. These soldiers thus went from Thrace to Cruith- entuath. FIFTEENTH CENTURY. XLIV. TEACT OlSr THE PICTS, before mccccxviii. MS. R. I. A. DUEL. BOOK OF LECAIN. a FOL. 13. b FOL. 286.^ J-Sin bliadin cetna sin tancatar Cruithnigh a tir Tracia, .i. clanna Geleoin mac Ercail iat (Icathirsi ananmanda) .i. Cruithne mac Cinge^ mic Luchtai mic Partholain mic Agnoin mic Buain mic Mais mic Fathecht mic Jafed mic Noe. Ise athair Cruithnech 7 ced bliadhain do irrigi. Seclit meic Criiithnec andso .i. Fib, Fidac, Fotla, For- treann, Gait, Gee, Girig^ 7 a vij. randaib ro raudsat a forba* (amail adfed in file). Morseisser meic Cruithne iarsin A vii. ro randsat Albain* TRANSLATION. In the same year came the Cruithnigh from the land of Thrace, viz., the clan Geleoin, son of Ercal they, Icathirsi was their name, viz., Cruithne son of Cinge, son of Luchtai, son of Partolan, son of Agnoin, son of Buan, son of Mais, son of Fathecht, son of Jafet, son of Noe. He was the father of the Cruithnech, and was a hundred years in the sovereignty. These were the seven sons of Cruithne, viz.. Fib, Fidac, Fotla, Fortrean, Gait, Gee, Girig, and they divided the land into seven portions, as the poet relates. Seven sons of Cruithne then Into seven divided Alban, ^ The words within parenthesis are in b only. 2 b reads Inrje. ^ b reads A irirj, and adds cetacli. * b reads fcaranna. ^ b reads randsad ar seacht a fearand, divided into seven their territory. 324 TEACT ON THE PICTS. Cait, Cee, Ciri[g], cetach claim. Fib, Fidacli, Fotla, Fortreud. Et ise ainm each a fir dib fuil for a fearunn- Fibh xxiiij. bliadna^ inigi n-Alban. Fidacli xl. bliadhain. Fortrend Ixx. Urpont. B. Urleo. B. UHeo. B. Grant. B. Urgrant. B. Gnith. B. Uirgnitli. (B. Feth.) B. Uirfeachtair. B. Gal. B. Ureal. Bruide pont xxx. b.^ irrigi n-Uladh. Is de asberta Briiige fer a gach fer dib edrenda na fer Cait xxij. Ce xij. Ciriee Ixxx, Aenbeean v. Cait xxx. Finnechta Ix. (Guidit Gadbre). Feth .i. Gas." Gest,^ (Guirid) xl. Urgeist .xxx. Cait, Cee, Cirig, a warlike clan, Fib, Fidac Fotla, Fortren. And this was the name of each man of them aud their territoiy. Fibh twenty-four years in the sovereignty of Alban, — Fidach forty years. Fortren seventy [years] Cait twenty-two [years]. Ce twelve [years]. Ciricc eighty [years]. Aenbeean five [years]. Cait thirty [ye;ii-s]. Finnechta sixty [years]. Guidid Gadbre. Feth, id est, Ges. Gest Guirid forty [year.s]. Urgeist thirty [years]. Urpont. Brude Urleo. Biiide Uileo. Brude Grant. Brude Urgrant. Brude Gnith. Brude Urgnith. Brude Feth Brude Uirfeachtair. Brude Cal. Brude Ureal. Brude pont thirty years in the sovereignty of Uladh. They were called Bruige each man of them, and the divisions of the '■ h has iliadainar/hichit,twenty- one years. ^ b omits FHh, aud has Oe^ only. ■^ b. iiKiv be the contraction for hniide or for hliadhain, that ia, thirty Brudes or thui;y years ; b reads hliadain. TEACT ON THE PICTS. 325 Bruige Cint (B. Urchind), B. Fet, B. Urfet, B. Eu. aile. Eo gabastair .1. ar da. c. bliadhain utcst a leabharach na Cruithnech. Brude Ero, Brude Gart, Bnide Urgart, Brude Cind, Brude Urcind, Brude Uip, Brude Uruip, Brude Grith, Brude Urgritli, Brude Muin, Brude Urmuin, Brude.^ Do rigaibh Cruithneach audsiii. Seissir tosech tancatar co li-Erind i. vj. braitre, Solen, Ulpa, Nechtan, Trostan, Oengus, Letenn. Fath a tiachtna (a n-Erinn) .i. Policornus righ Tracia do rat gradh dia siaii- cor tinall a breith cen tochra. Lotar iarsin (co ro triallsad) tar Eomhanchu co Francco 7 cumdaigsit caitir andsiu, .i. Pictairus a Pictus (a li-ainm) i. na rannaibh y do rat righ Frangc gradh dia siair. Lotar for muir iar nee in tseisidh^ brathair, .i. Lethenn. I cind da la iar n-dul ar muir adbath a siur. Gabhsat Cruithnigh an Inberslaine ann lb Cendsealaigh. Bruige Cint, Brude Urcind, Bruide Fet, Brude Urfet, Brude Ru. other. They possessed two hundred and fifty years, as it is in the books of the Cruithnech.^ Brude Ero, Brude Gart, B. Argart, B. Cind, Bruide Urcind, B. uip, B. Uruip, B. Grith, B. Urgritli, B. Muin, B. Urnuiin, B. Of the kings of the Cruithneach there. Sis tosechs came to Erin, viz., sis brothers, Solen, Ulpa, Nectan, Trostan, Angu.s, Letenn. The reason of their coming to Erin, viz., Policornis, king of Tracia, fell in love with their sister, and he attempted to get her without a dowry. They then set out and passed through the Romans into France, where they built a city, viz., Pictairis, a Pictis, was its name, viz., from the points, and the king of France fell in love with their sister. They set out upon the sea after the death of the sixth brother, viz., Letenn. In two days after they had gone tu sea died their sister. The Cruithneach landed at Liverslaine in the Cennselaigh. ^ Bruide not in 6. ^ b reads cimiced the fifth. 3 This jjart of the tract appears to have been transcribed from an older copy written in double co- lumns, and copied without advert- ing to that, so as to interperse the thirty Brudes through the text. It is here printed so as to show how the confusion arose ; these two hues should follow the sen- tence which precedes " Bruige " Cint," and all the Brudes should come after this sentence. 326 TEACT ON THE PICTS. Atbert friu Crimtliand Sgiathbel righ Laigen do berad failte doib ar dicur Tuaithe Figdha doibh. Atbert Dros- tan drai Cruithneach riu co foirfedh iat ar log dfagbail 7 ise med^ .i. bleglian vij. xx. bo fmd mail do dortad h-i fail ferfaiglie in cath doibh. Uncle Cath Ardlemnachta an lb Cendselaig re Tuathaibh Figda .i. tuath do Bretnaib to bai hi Fothardaib 7 (nem) ar an armaib. Marb each oen ar an dergtais (7 ni gebdis acht iarnaidi nemi umpu. Cach aen do gobtha) do Laigen isin cath ni deutais acht loighi isin lemnacht 7 in cuimgitis neim ni doibh. Eo marb- tha iarsin Tuatha Figda. Marb cethrar iarsin do Chruthen- tuath .i. Drostan, Solen, Nechtau, Ulpa (iar n-dichar in chatha), 7 is bert isin duain." Ardlemnachta as tirsi thess Finnat cach aen bus eces^ Cret dar len iii-tainm sin sloinn Eo gab aimser Cruuthaind. Cremthand Sciathbel, the king of Leinster, told them that they should have welcome from him on condition that they should destroy the Tuath Figda. Now Trostan, the dmid of the Cruithneach, said to them that he would help them if he were rewarded. And this was the cure, viz., to spill the milk of seven score hornless white cows near the place where the battle was to be fought, viz., the battle of Ardleamnachta in Ui Cennselaigh, against the Tuatha Figda, viz., a tribe of Britons, who were in the Fotherts with poison on their weapons. Any man wounded by them died, and they carried nothing about them but poisoned iron. Every one of the Leinster men who was pierced in the battle had nothing more to do than lie in the new milk, and then the poison affected him not. The Tuath Figda were all killed afterwards. Four of the Cruithneach died after that, viz., Trostan, Solen, Nectan, Ulpa, and this poem was sung. Ardleamnaota in this southern country Each learned one may ask, Why it is called by this distinctive name AVhich it bears since the time of Crimthand % ' b reads leUjes. " b reads conad doibsin rodian in senchaid so, it was for them the poet sang this. ^ b reads cach an cach egia. TEACT ON THE PICTS. 327 Crimthaind Sciathbel e ro gabh Dar saerad ar cliatli cruadh^ Da n-din ar neimib na n-arm Na n-atliach n-uathmhar n-agarbli. Seisiur Cruithneach ro cind Dia Tancatar a tir Tracia Solen, Ulpa, Neclitan nar Aengus, Ledend is Drostan. Eo thindlaic Dia doib tre tlus Dia n-dil dia n-utrus Dia n-dia ar nemib an arm Na n-athach n-uathmar na garb. Is e eolus do uair doib Drai na Cruithneach nir b-esgoir Tri .1. bo mail don mhuigh Do blegon do n-aen chuithidh. Eo cuireadh an cath co cacht Mon chuithigh imbi leamnacht Crimthan Sciathbel it was that engaged To free him of the hard battle, When defenceless against poisoned arms Of the hateful horrid giants Six of the Cruithneach — so God ordained — Came out of the land of Tracia, Solen, Ulpa, Nectan the heroic, Angus, Ledend, and Trostan. God willed unto them in munificence For their faithfulness, for their reward. To protect them from the poisoned arms Of the hateful horrid giants. The knowledge made for them By the Druid of the Cruithnech, who was no enemy. Thrice fifty cows of the plains To be milked by him into one pit. The battle was closely fought Near the pit in which was the milk ; 1 b reads curad, of heroes. 328 TEACT ON THE PICTS. Eo maigh in catli co calma For aitheacliaib arcl banba. Ard. Et issin n-aimsii h-Erimon gabais Gub acus a mac .i. Cathluan macGuib .i. Ei Cruithnech nert mor for Erind. No CO rus indarba h-Erimon a h-Erind j co n-dernsat sidh iarsin^ ^co tard h-Erimoin doib mna na fear ro baigedh niaille Donn^ .i. mna Bress mna Biiass j Buaigne^ j ratha n-gren j escu conabugh lugu do gebthai do rigi j du doman o mnaib inas o feraib a Cruitlientuaith co brath J anais sesiur dib os Bregmaigh j is uaithibh each gess j each sen j each sregh j gotha en j gach mana j gach upaidh (do gnithear). Cathluain imorro ba h-ardri forro uile j ise ced righ rogab Alban dib. Lxx. rigli dibh for Alban o Chathluau CO Constantin y ise Cruithnech deigenach rogab dib. Da mac Cathkiaiu .i. Cathanolodar y Catanalaehan. A da curaidh I mm mac Pirn j Cing athair Cruithne. A da Tlie battle was bravely won Against the giants of high Banba. And in the time of Eriinon, Gub and his son, viz., Cathluan, son of Gub, acquired great power in Erin, until Erimon banished them out of Erin, and they made peace after that, and Erimon gave them the wives of the men who were drowned along with Donn, viz., the wife of Bress, the wife of Buass and Buaigne, and they declared by the sun and moon that they alone should take of the sovereignty and of the land from women rather than from men in Cruthentuath for ever ; and six of them remained in possession of Breaghmagh, and from them are derived every spell and every charm and eveiy sneezing, and the voices of birds and all omens and all talismans that are made. Cathluan, moreover, was sovereign over them all, and he was the first king of them that possessed Alban. There were seventy kings of them over Alban from Cathluan to Constantin, and he was the last Cruthnech that took of them. The two sons of Cathluan, viz., Cathanolodar and Cathanalacan. His two ^ b iusei'ts here the last jiara- gr.aph, containing tlie account of Cruithneclia'.!. 2 This sentence not in b. ^ b adds 7 «o. faiseck ro haJtea iiU(', and of the other toseclis who were drowned, and omits the two lines which follow. TEACT ON THE PICTS. 329 sruitli i. Cms 7 Ciric. A da milidh Uasneni a fili, Cruithne a cerd. Domnall mac Alpin ise a taisecli y isadli asbertait araile comadh h-e Cruithne mac Loichit mac Cinge tisadh do chuindgidh ban for Erimon 7 comadh do do beradh Erimon mna na fear do baithedh maill fri Donn. . . . An t-ochtmud bliadain iarsain. . . . No comad isin bliadaiu siii^ do dechaid Cruithneacban mac Cinge meic Loichit la Bretno Fortrend do cath^ fri Saxancho 7 ro selaig (a clann y a claideam) tir doib .i. Cruithentuaith acus tarastair tir acco^ acht ni batar mna leo ar beabais bandtracht Alban (do gallroib). Do luid imorro Cruith- neacban for culo CO macaib Miledh "j ro gabad neamh y talamh griau ^ escca muir y tir drucht 7 daithe* comad o mnaib® flacht forro co brath (7 adbert) di mnai dec for- craid batar ic maccaib Miledh ro baitca a fir issin fairgi thiar ar aen ri Dond conad do feraib Ereand flacht for Cruithentuaith o sin do gres. heroes, Imm son of Pirnn, and Cing, the father of Cruithne. His two wise men, Crus and Ciric. His two soldiers, Uasnem the poet, Cruitliue the artificer. Domnall son of Alpin was his toseoh. And others say that it was Cruthne, son of Lochit, son of Cinge, himself that came to ask women from Erimon, and that it was to him Erimon gave the wives of the men who were drowned with Donn. In the eighth year after that went Cruthnechan, son of Cinge, son of Loichit, to the Britons of Fortren to battle against the Saxons, and they yielded the children and the sword-land to them, viz., Cruthentuath, and they took possession of the land, but they had no wives, because all the women of Alban died of diseases. Cruthnechan therefore went back to the sons of Jliledh, and he swore by the heaven and the earth, the sun and the moon, the sea and the land, the dew and the elements, that of women should be the royal succession among them for ever. He obtained twelve women that remained with the sons of Miledh, whose husbands had been drowned in the western sea along with Donn, so that of the men of Erin has been the chiefship over Cruthentuath from that time ever since. ^ h inserts here o macaib MiUadli, i •'' tarastair tir acco, not in b. from the song of Miled. '' drucht 7 daithe not in b. ^ b reads ca/hugad, to war ] ^ b reads beith do maith sin, to against. | be propitious to tliem . 330 TRACT ON THE SCOTS. XLV. TEACT ON THE SCOTS, before mccccxxxvii. MS. BKIT. MUS. DIB. BEG. 13. E. X. Fol. 20. JDoMiNUS Neyile siue Neolus rex Schithie in Grecia fuit a Noe xx™ descendens de iuniore filio Japliet a quo milicia. Hie fuit pater Gatlielos sponsi Scote. Daxdanus rex Erigie in Tiirk pater Erotomi, cuius filius Bus, cuius filius Leamidon, qui fuit pater Priami et Ancliisee. Priamus fuit pater Hectoris, Ancliises pater Enee, cuius filius Asclianeus, cuius filius Bri^tus. Scota fuit a priucipio imiudi iij™ vj? lyy-xiy annis. Ante destruccionem Troie iij° ix. auuis. Ante Eomam conditam vij° Ix. annis. Ante Nativitatem i" v? Lxj. annis. Scoti r[egnaverunt] ante Pictos ij*: xlix. annis iij. men- sibus. Picti regn[averunt] in Scocia i™ ccxxiiij. annis et novem niensibus. Quingentis mille cum sexaginta monosque Annis ut repperi, precessit tempera Christi ; Kex Pharao populum fugientem per mare rubrum. Eegnum Scotorum fuit inter cetera regna Terrarum quondam nobile forte potens Post Britones Noricos Dacos Anglos quoque Pictos Expulsos Scoti ius tenuere suum Et Eomanorum spreuenmt vim validorum Exemplo quorum pensate preteritormn Inclita Scotoriun proles laudem geuitorum Scocia Eomanis vi metu subdita vanis TEACT ON THE SCOTS. 331 Non fuit ex euo nee paret imperio. Albion in tenis rex primus germine Scotis Illorum turmis rubri tulit arma leonis Fergusius fuluo Ferthard rugientis in aruo. Christum tercentis ter denis pre'fuit amiis Litifer ille leo rosidus nunc piugitur auro. Christi transactis tribus aunis atque ducentis Scocia catholicam cepit inire fidem Eoma uictorie primo, papa residente Principe sereno, martir et occubuit. C. quater deca ter, a came Dei numerabis In Scocia quando legem Christi renouabis ; Lex Christi colitur banc pallidio renouante, Quem Celestinus Scocie miserat prior ante Annis quingentis Anglos Scoti periere, Hos tamen et Brutus precessit in ordine tutus. Sunt tria que misenun faciunt de diuite clenim Sumere sepe merum gula uentris amor mulierum. CHEONICON EHYTHMICUM. XLVI. METRICAL CHRONICLE, COMMONLY CALLED THE CHEONICON EHYTHMICUM. a MS. BIB. C.A.TH. EDIN. b MS. BIB. COLL. EDIS. QUO TEMPORE ANTE INCAENACIONEM CHRISTI INCEPIT SCOTA, A QUA SCOTIA. V^UISQUE loqui gaudet validus, de sanguine puro Quorimdam precibus de Scotis dicere euro ; Unde fui generis, ortus priineuus habetur : Quorum posteritas^ trans tempera perpetuetur. Quicquid narabo, per cronica scripta^ probabo De ueterum gestis, reliquonun sum quia testis : Scribere nam volui, mihi que presentia vidi.^ Adam primeuum non incipiam numerare, Quomodo uec dicam Noe cepit generare. Hoc genus a Japbet ejus nato juniore Quamvis descendat, referam tamen a propiore : Per quem dicatur stirps hec et maguificatur, Quingentis mille cum sexaginta monosque Annis ut reperi, precessit tempera Christi ; Agnus sub lege primus mactatus in ede. Biblia testatur quod tunc reuocare paratur Eex Pharao populum, fugientem per mare rubrum ; Cujus rex Pliaro mergitur in medio. Ex tunc Scotorum describam tempus et horum Progeniem referam, per tempera continuatam. ' 6 reads proipentas. - b reads prUsca. 2 b inserts here : — Si verum scriham, vervw credo fore scribam ; Sa-ipsero si vanum, caput est quasi non mihi sanum. CHEONICON EHYTHMICUM. 333 GAITHELOS IXTULIT LAPIDEM, C. IJ. X osTQUAM passus erat Pliaro, miserabile funus, Nobilis exierat ab Egipto Sithicus unus Exul, qui lapidem Pharaonis det'ulit idem : Ut liber fatur, Gaizilglas ille vocatur. Hie bis undenus fuit a Japheth alienus : Ut sic credatis, dat linea sanguinitatis. Naufraga nauigio qui plura pericula passus. Ad terrain tandem venit sic equite lassus, Sed lapis hunc erexit, ij)sum qui per mare vexit. Hie lapis, ut fatur, hec ancliora vite vocatur. Cumque locum petiit securus ad residendum, PluribvTS hunc annis Hispania cepit alendum, Cujus progenies niniis augmentatur ibidem, Sicut scriptura testatur condita pridem. DE EODEM LAPIDE. J: OST obi turn regis Pharaonis mille duobus Annis, ut recolo, tunc quidam nomine Milo, Eex Hispanorum, qui plures magnos habebat Natos, Ulorum tamen itnum plus recolebat, Scilicet hiis Symon cognomine Brek fuit unus, Cui pater exhibuit quoddam prenobile munus, Scilicet hanc petram : GaizOglas quam tulit equam, Perque fretum gessit, ab Egypto quando recessit. Milo prophetavit nato, qui quern recreauit Letare cepit, hanc petram quando recepit ; Quod sua regnaret stu-ps, hanc quocunque locaret. Ecce Deo dante sicut factum' fuit ante, Sic fit in instante Symon Brec, quo mediante, Sic augmentante sobolis partem venientis Ad se suscepit Hibernia : quo residentes Annos per multos, horuni quos vidit adultos. Quosdam deduxit validus Lorinionie quidam Primus ad Ergadiam ; quo tempore concito dicam ' h xeaAs fatitm. 334 CHEONICON EHYTHMICUM. Isti sunt ducti, dicuutur postea Scoti. Nam velut a Gitia Geticus, seu Gothia Gothi, Dicitur a Sitliia Sithiciis, sic Scocia Scoti Que prius Albania sic fertur Scocia terra. Scoti a Scota ; de Scotis Scocia nota : A muliere Scota vocatur Scocia tota.^ QUOT ANNIS KEXEEUNT PICTI, CHIJ. Quod jam promisi, tempus sic ecce relisi : Bis bis centeno quater endeca, sed minus uno, Anno quo sumpsit primes Ergadia Scotos, XJt refenmt isti, fuit incarnacio Charisti. Annorum summam Pictis preocupatonun, Hie dat Scotorum deca quiaque centibinorum Et annos quindecim, tres menses jungito quidem, Tunc Scoti quemnt anni quot preterierunt Postquam vicerunt Pictos, qui tunc coluerunt Albaniam, citra Drumalban, sed minus iiltra ; Ut Scoti valeant memoratmn tempus habere. Per Scociam totam quo ceperunt residere ; Qui Picti terram rexere mille ducentis Et pariter juuctis viginti quatiior annis. Ut verum renouem, mensibus atque nouem. Pictis amotis, datur hec responsio Scotis ; D. semel et ter C. post X. ter, et X. quater inde, Istorum numeri monstrat,^ quo tempore Cliristi Sed trans Drumalban cepit regnare Kenedus, Pilius Alpini, Pictorum fraude perempti, In beUo pridem quos Alpia vicerat idem. Sed cum septenis Kaned regnauerat annis, Nititur in Pictos, ulcisci funera patris ; Quosdam sternendo beUo, quosdamque fugando. Ex tunc Albanie regnum totale regebat. Que prius in parte regni dicta refidebat ; Progenies cujus jus regni nunc tenet liujns. ' These two lines not ill h. - h reads movstraniur. CHRONICON EHYTHMICUM. 335 PRIMUS REX REGNAUIT IN ARGADIA, Ex annis Domini qui continue renouantur, Apparet per quot annos Scoti dominantur : Sic patet in genere de tempore sufficienter. Eeges nunc referam qui regnauere frequenter.^ In tanien Ergadia vixit per tempora multa Hec gens sub lege nature, sed sine rege, Donee ad Ergadiam tulit aiulax nomine quidam Fergusius lapidem de quo fit mencio pridem. Hie primo rexit Scotos, lapidem quia vexit. Quem Scoti lapidem sanxeriint pouere sedem, Eegibus inde suis tantum, sed non alienis.^ DE CONTINUACIONE REGUM USQUE AD KENEDUM. Primus ia Ergadia Fergus rexit tribus annis, Post Donegard quinis, Congal quater octo bis, Endeca bis Gouren, sed quatuor et deca Conal, Quatuor et deca bis Edhan, x. sex Eogledbod, Kynath Ker per tres rexit tantummodo menses, Sed Ferquliarth annos per quatuor et duodenos. Bis septem Douenald, octo bis Maldoia annis, Ter septem Ferard, tredecim sed rexit Eoged, Armkelloch uno, sed tredecim regnauit Eogain, Eex IMurdaliw trinis, Noegaw uno quoque biais, Hetfin per deca ter, Fergus tres sed Sealvanacli Quatuor et deca bis : sed Eogadaninque tricenis, Dungal septenis, Alpinus sed tribus annis. Annis septenis Kenedus filius Alpyn. Hii cum predictis regnauerimt tempore Pictis, Quod trecenteuos quatuor octoque coutinet annos ; Hiis annis et tres debetis jungere menses.^ ^ h reads seqnentfr. 2 6 adds the following line : — Ut Scona teslatur tuique tunc lapis iste locatur. ^ b inserts here the following lines, taken from the poem in No, XLV. They are manifestly interpolated — Ckristi traiisactis tribus annis atque dueentis, Scotia cathoUcam cepit inirefidem. 336 CHRONICON EHYTHMICUM. DE CONTmUACIONE REGUM SCOTORUM. Et postqiiaiu Kenedus Pictos oinnino fugauit, Annos octo bis reguando continuauit. Douenald Machalpyn post rexit quatuor annis, Sed[ecim] Constantiuus, Ed vuo, Greg duodenis, Donald vudenis, Constautiu Lisque vicenis. Malcolmus primus, sic Macduf/ qiiisque nouenis ; Sed Duf per senos menses et quatuor amios. Per tantum Culen, sed Kened sex quater annis, Mensibus et binis : Constantinusque per annum, Et menses senos tantum, Greg octo per annos, Malcolm per deca ter, Duncan sex, sed deca septem Macbeth, sed Lahoulan per menses quatuor, atque Malcolm Keuremor annos per ter deca septem, Et ]nenses octo : cujus frater Douenaldus Annos compleuit trinos regnando \'icissim. Dum Duncan medio sex menses tempore vixit. DEHINC REGES SCOTORUM PROCESSERUNT DE STIRPE TAM SAXONUM, SIUE ANGLORUM, QUAM SCOTORUM. Tunc stirps Scotigena, Saxonum sanguine mixta, Cepit regnare ; quod propono reserare Qualiter hoc esset, ut quiuis discere possit. De dicto nati Kenremore tres generati Eegnum rexerunt, quod successim tenuerunt, Quos Margarita peperit, regina beata, Heres Anglorum regum, regina Scotorum. Roma Vktore 2>rimo Papa resklente. C. quater et deca ter a came Dei numerabis, In Scocia quando legem Christi renoiiabis. Lex Christi colitur, hanc PaUadio renouante, Primiis Celestinus Scocie quern mlserat ante. Precedunt Scoti quingentis Anglicls annis, Quamvis et cedit ante lios Brutis, et obedit. Albion in terris rex primus (jermine Scotus, lUorum ttirtnis ruhri tulit arma leo)iis Fergusius fuluo Ferchard rugientis in aruo. Christum ter centis ter denis prefuit annis. Lilifer ille leo rosidus nunc pingiiur auro. ' h reads correctly Jndulf. CHRONICON RHYTHMICUM. .",3^ Ex quo qui' dubitat Anglorum cronica querat : Per quam coniugium Scotis prebetur in vsum. Non erat istorum generacio dico duorum Fratrum primorum ; genuit tamen ultiinus honim ^ Eegia stirps, quorum successio nunc referatur. Annis ter trinis et trinis mensibus Edgar Primus regnauit de uatis quos generauit Malcolmus cum dicta Margarita beata.^ Hinc Alexander annis rexit deca septem Mensibus atque tribus, septimanisque duabus. Iste secundus erat fratrum ; sed tercius extat, Dauid, vicenis regnans annisque nouenis, Mensibus et trinis ; Tunc Malcolm filius Henri Annis bis senis, et semis regna regebat. Ut rumor* gessit hie Malcolm ^drgo recessit. At Henricus erat natus regis quoque Dauid, Quem rex is Dauid ex Matilda generauit ; Heres quse fuerat Hundingtonie comitatus, Cujus sic esset, si posset viuere natus ; Qui beUo moritur de Cothon, sed sepelitur In abbacia nomine Calcouia. Hec Matilda datur de Sanlice, que tumulatur In Scona ; cujus templum bustum tenet hujus. Quadraguita ix. Wdlelmus rexerat annis, Cujus WiEelmi genitor dictus fuit Henri ; Et pariter comitis de Dunde, nomine Dauif.L Tres sibi sorores fuerant, Britan. comitissa, Que Margarita Conano eonjugi data, Hec junior datur germana, sed altra vocatur Nobilis Adissa ; fuit hec Holand comitissa, Conjugioque datus erat liuic de Rosse comitatus Morte preuentam Matildam die, et innuptam. 1 h reads hoc instead of qiLO qui. ^ h inserts after this line- Pee quem Scotorum generando continu.atur. 2 h reads benedicta. ^ h reads iit res se. 338 CHKONICON EHYTHMICUM. DE NOBILI POLITICO ALEXANDKO IIJ. Hactenus hec dicta noui' per cronica scripta, A modo que noui scriptis describere voni. Alter Alexander, quem rex Willelmus habebat Natum, ter denis annis et quiuque regebat. Hie Alexander alinni fertur genuisse, Hunc alinm terntim pro certo dico fuisse. Termis Alexander ter denis rexerat annis Et septem fere. Ve Scotis, qni caruere Principe tarn grato, largo, mitique, beato. Qui qninquagenns regiun fuit ordine primus. Hie princeps annos Domini post mille ducentos Atque nouem nouies, sed qiiatuor hiis superaddes Kyngorn non rite persoluit debita vite. Scilicet AprOis decimo quartoque Kalendas ; Quo decet exequias^ celebrari perficiendas, Ne valeant obitimi monachi seraare sopitum, A quibus iucolitur Dunfermelin, sed sepelitur. Tanti tumba viri stixdio meliore poliri Debuit, artificum si funus haberet amicum. Post mortis morsum vertit dilectio dorsum, Finita vita finit amor, et ita. Corpus predicti regis sine prole relicti. Post annis fere septem Scoti doluere. Quod regem vere tot aristis non habuere.^ ^ b reads send. - h reads ohsequias. ^ b inserts here the following chapter : — Tunc reseces.nt. I ^ h reads xxxlj'. ^ h reads Coluimcille natus M. ^ Xot in J. FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 345 574 Kal. Jan. 2. f. 1. 23. Anno Domini Dlxx3. (Belliun Tola 7 Fortola in regionibus Cruitne) Mors Conaill meic Comgaill anno regni xvj. sui qui obtulit insolam lae Coluimcille. 576 Kal. Jan. 4. f. 1. 15. Anno Domini Dlxx5. Bellum Telocho i Gmnntire, sintilla leprae 7 habun- dantia uucum, in quo ceciderunt^ Duncath mac Conail meic Comgaill et alii mrdti de sociis filiorum Gabhrain. 577 Kal. Jan. 6. f. L 26. Anno Domini Dlxx6. Bellum Telocho. Primum periculum Ulot in Eiifania. 578 Kal. Jan. 7. f. 1. 7. Anno Domini DLxx7. Eeversio Uloth de Eumania. 579 Kal. Jan. 1. f. 1. 18. Anno Domini Dlxxviij. Occisio Aeda mac Geno. 580 KaL Jan. 2. f. 1. 29. Anno Domini Dlxx°ix" Fecht wc la haedan ic Gahrain.^ Cennalat rex Pic- torum moritur. 581 Kal. Jan. 4. f. 1. Anno Domini Dlxxx? Mors Baetain mac CairilL Vel hie, Fecht orc.^ 582 KaL Jan. 5. f. 1. Anno Domini DLxxxj" Bellum Manonn in quo victor erat Aedhan mac Gabhrain. 583 KaL Jan. 6. f. 1. 2. Anno Domini DLx;xx?ij? Bellum Manonn, fere alios.^ 584 KaL Jan. 7. f. 1. 13. Anno Domini Dlxxx"3'' Mors Bruide mac j\Iaelcon regis Pictorum. 588 Kal. Jan. 5. f. L 27. Anno Domini Db!:xx°7? Mors nepotum Geno. Conversio Constantini ad dominimi 7 nix magna. 590 KaL Jan. 1. f. 1. 20. Auno Domini DLxxx°ix? Bellum Leithreid la Aedan ic Gabran. f Expedition to Orlcney by Aedan son of Gabran. s Expedition to Orkney. ^ b reads cecidif, and adds at j ^ For fere alios b rea,da frl Aed- the end of the sentence ceciderunt. \ han, against Aedan. 346 FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 592 Kal. Jan. 3. f. 1. 12. Anno Domini Dxc°j? Obitus Luigide Lismoer. 595 Kal. Jan. 7. f. 1. 15. Anno Domini Dxc?4? Quies Coluimcille v? idus Junii anno etatis sue Lxx?vi?^ Mors Eugain meic Gab brain. 696 Kal. Jan. 1. f. 1. 26. Anno Domini Dxc5. Bellum Radio in druaclh. Bellum Airdscndwin. Jugulatio filiormn Aedain .i. Brain y Domangairt. Bellum Corainn. 598 Kal. Jan. 4. f. 1. 18. Anno Domini Dxc7. Quies Baetini Abbatis Jae. 600 Kal. Jan. 6. f. 1. 10. Anno Domini Dxc°ix? Bellum Saxonum in quo victus est Aedlian. 601 Kal Jan. 1. f. L 21. Anno Domini Dcj. Vel hoc anno, quies Coluimcille in nocte dominica. 606 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcv. Mors Aedain vuic Gabrain. 608 Kal. Jan. 2. f. 1. 9. Anno Domini Dcvij. Mors Fiacrac craic meic Baetain la Cruitniu.^ 609 KaL Jaa 4. f. L 20. Anno Domini Dcviij. Occisio Seacbnasaig meic Garbain. 613 Kal. Jan. 2. f. L 4. Anno Domini Dcxij. Bellum Caire-legion ubi Sancti occisi sunt et cecidit Solon mac Conaen rex Britannorum. 617 Kfl. Jan. 7. f. 1. 18. Anno Domini Dcxvj. Combustio Donnaiiiega martirum in 15 KaL Mail cum .c.L martiribus.^ 621 Kal. Jan. 5. f. 1. 2. Anno Domini Dcxx° Duncath mac Eugain, NecMan mac Canonn et Aedh obierunt. 622 Kal. Jan. 6. f. 1. 13. Anno Domini Dcxxj. Belliun Cindeilggden. ConaU mac Suibne victor ^ Death of Fiacrac Craic, son of Baetan, by the Cruithne. ' b reads Ixxiij. ; ij. and v., iij. | distinguished in the Irish annals, and vi., iiii. and vii. can hardly be | - b has Combustio Marlir Ega. FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTEE. 347 erat. Duo filii Libieni meic Illandon mcic Cerbaill cecidenmt. Conaing mac Aedain dimersus est. 623 KaL Jan. 7. f. 1. 24. Anno Domini Dcxx2. Obitus Fergnai Abbatis lae. 624 KaL Jan. 1. f. 1. 5. Anno Domini Dcxx3. Nativi.as Adomna'i Abb(atis Tae). 627 Kal. Jan. v. f. ]. ix. Anno Domini Dcxxvj. Bellum Ardacorain. Dalriati victores erant in quo cecidit Fiachna filius Demain. 629 Kal. Jan. 1. f. 1. 1. Anno Domini Dcxx°8° Bellum Fedha-euin in quo Mailcaich mac Scannail rex Cruitne victor fuit. Dalriati ceciderunt. Conid cerr rex Dalriati cecidit. Vel Bellum Fedo-euin ubi ceciderunt nepotes Aedain, Eeguillon, Faelbe. Mors Echdach buidhe regis Pictorum filii Aedain. Sic in libro Cuanac inveni vel sicut in libro Duibdalethe narratur.^ 631 Kal. Jan. 3. f. 1. 23. Anno Domini Dcxxx. Bellum filii Ailli et mors Cinedon filii Lughtreni regis Pictorum. 632 Kal. Jan. 4. f. 1. 4. Anno Domini Dcxxxj. Bellum Cathloeu regis Britouum et Anfrit. Insola Medgoet fundata est. 633 Kal. Jan. 6. f. 1. 15. Anno Domini Dcxxx2. Bellum ludris regis Eritonum. 635 Kal. Jan. 1. f. 1. 7. Anno Domini Dcxxx4. Mors Gartnain meic Foitli. Echuidh Lismoer obiit. Bellum Seguise in quo ceciderun . Lochne mac Nechtain cennfhotai 7 Cumascach mac Aengusa 7 Gartnaith mac Oith. 638 Kal. Jan. 5. f. 1. 10. Anno Domini Dcxxx7. Bellum Glinneniui-eson 7 obsessio Euin. 639 Kal. Jan. 6. f. 1. 21. Anno Domini DcxxxB" Jugulatio Conghaile meic Dunchada. Obitus Duin- sicae uxoris Domlinaill. BeUum Osualdi regis Saxonum. ' Vel sicut in libro Duibdalethe narratur not ia b. 348 FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 641 Kal. Jan. 2. f. 1. 13. Anno Domini Dcxl" Mors Bniidi filii Foitli. Nanfragium Scaphe familie lae. Combustio jMaeleduiii in insula Caiiii. 642 Kal. Jaa 3. f. L 24. Anno Domini Dcxli. Mors Domhnaill mac Aedo regis Hibernie in fine Januarii Postea Domhnaill breacc in bello Sraith Cairinn in fine anni in Decembre interfectus est ab Hoan rege Britonum/ regnavit annis xv. Bellum Oissu inter Britones. 643 KaL Jan. 4. f. L 5. Anno Donuni Dcxl.2. Bellum Cincon. Loscoth iar m-Boidh mcic Gari- naidh} 645 Kal. Jan. 7. f. 1. 27. Anno Domini Dcxl4. Lochaii mac Fingin ri Cruitne obiit.J 646 Kal. Jan. 1. f. L 9. Anno Domini Dcxl5. Guin Scantmil meic Becce meic Fiachrach regis Cniithne.'' 649 Kal. Jan.5.f. 1. xj. al.xij. Anno Domini Dcxl8. Cocat huae Naedain y Gartnait meic Accidain} Quies Fursei in Britannia. 650 KaL Jan. 6. f. 1. 22 aL 23. Anno Domini Dcxlix. Bellum Ossu fri Pante. Mors Catusaig meic Domh- naill bricc. 651 Kal. Jan. 7. f. 1. 4. Anno Domini Del? Quies Aedain Episcopi Saxonum. 652 Kal. Jan. 1. f . L 15. Anno Domini Dclj. Obitus Seigni Abbatis lae .i. fnii Fiachne. 653 Kal. Jan. 3. f. L 25. Anno Domini Dcl?2" Mors Ferit mcic Totolain et Tolairg 7'/icic Fooith regis Pictonmi. ' The burning after of Buidb, son of GartnaiJh. i Lochene, son of Fingin, king of the Cruithne, dies. 1^ Slaughter of Scannal, son of Becc, son of Fiachrach, king of the Cruithne. ' The war of the grandsons of Naedan and of Gartnait, son of Accidan. ' b reads Sraith Ca'truin. Ab Hoan reije Britonum not in 6. FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 349 654 Kal. Jan. 4. f. 1. 7. Anno Domini Dcl°3° Bellum i Ratho Ethairt^ ubi Duncath mac Conaing cecidit. Aedo roin mac Maelcobo. 656 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcl5. Bellum Pante regis Saxonum, Ossu victor erat. Bellum Annae. 657 KaL Jan. 1. f. 1. 10. Anno Domini Dcl°6° Obitus Suibnii meic Cuirtri abbatis lae. Bellum Delend in quo interfectus est Maeldeiit mac ConaiU. Mors Tolargain meic Ainfrit regis Pictorum. 658 Kal. Jan. 2. f. L 21. Anno Domini Dcl7" Mors Gureit regis Alocluaithe 7 Eergail filii DomnailL 660 Kal. Jan. 4. f. 1. 13. Anno Domini Dcl9. Obitus Finnani Episcopi filii Eimedo et Daniel Episcopus Cinngarad. Conall crannamna moritur. Euganan mac Totalain defunctus est. 663 Kal. Jan. 1. f. 1. 16. Anno Domini Dclx2. Mors Gartnaid filii Domhnaill 7 Domhnaill meic Totolain. (Mors) Tuathail meic Morgaind. 664 Kal. Jan. 2. f. 1. 27. Anno Domini DclxS. Bellum Luto-feirnn et terre motus in Britannia. 666 Kal. Jan. 5. f. 1. 20. Anno Domini DclxS. Maelcach mac Scannail di Gruitnib obiit." Eoclia larlait rex Cruitne moritur. 668 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxvij. Navigatio Columbani Episcopi ciim reliquis Sancto- rum ad Insulam vaccae albe in qua fundavit Ecclesiam J navigatio filiorum Gartnaid ad Hiberniam cum plebe ScetL 669 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxviij. Obitus Cummeni albi Abbatis lae. Itarnan j Corindu apud Pictores defuncti simt. Jugulatio Maelduin (mac Maenaic). '" In Rath Ethart. " Maelcach, son of Scannal of the Cruithne, dies. 350 FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTEE. 670 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxix. Jugulaliio Maelduin (nepotis Eonain.) Venit gens Gartnait de Hibernia. Mors Dunchadlia mac ^ Eonain. 571 Kal. Jan. Anno Domiai Dclxx. Mors Ossu fiUi Eitilbrit regis Saxoniim. Mael- rubai in Britauniam navigavit. 672 Kal. Jan. 5. f. 26. Anno Domini Dclxxj. Mors Cumascaich meic Eonain. Expiilsio Drosto de regno et combustio Bennchari Britonum. 673 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxij. Combustio MaigUiiinge. Jugxilatio Domaingaii-t meic DomhnaUl bricc regis DalriatL Navigatio Faelbei Abbatis lae in Hiberniam. Maelrubai fiindavit ec- clesiam Aporcroosan. 675 KaL Jan. 2. f. 1. 29. Anno Domini Dclxxiv. Jugidatio Annetaig ic^ Guaire. Mors Nae meic Danel. Mors filii Pante. 676 Kal. Jan. 3. f. 1. x. Anno Domini Dclxx5. Columbanus Episcopus Insolae vaccae albae pausat. Jugulatio Maelduin filii Eigullan et Boidb filii Eonain hoc est^ Congaile. Multi Pictores dimersi simt illaind Abae." Faelbe de Hibernia revertitur. G77 Kal. Jan. 5. f. 1. 21. Anno Domiai Dclxx6. Jugulatio Cuandai ic Euganain. 678 Kal. Jan. 6. f. 1. ij. Anno Domini Dclxx7. Interfectio generis Loairn i Tirinn.^ Bellum Duin- locho et bellimi Liaccmaelain et Doiradeilinn. Mors Drosto filii DombnaUL Bellimi i Galathros'i in quo victus est Domlmall brecc. 679 Kal. Jan. 7. f. L 13. Anno Domini DclxxS. Quies Failbe Abbatis lae. Dormitacio Nechtain neir. ° lu Ldndabae. p In Tirinn. i In Calathros. ' b reads hui, grandson. I ^ b reads hoi Comjulle. ^ b reads hui, grandson. | FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER. 351 680 KaL Jan. Anno Domini DcLxxix. Bellum Saxonum ubi cecidit Ailumne filius Oissu : Obsessio Duinbaitte. Dunchad filius Euganain jugu- latur. 681 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxx? Jugnlatio Conaill coil filii Diuichad ic Ciunntirey Jugulatio Seacbnasaig meic Aii'metaig et Conaing meic Congaile. Obsessio Duinfoitber. 682 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxxj. Orcades deleti sunt la Bruide. 683 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxxij. Obsessio Duinatt et (obsessio) Duinduirn. 685 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxxiv. Saxones Campum Breg vastant 7 ecclesias plurimas in mense Junii. Mors Congaile mac Guaire. 686 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxxv. Bellimi Duinnechtain xx? die mensis Mail die Sab- bati factum est (in quo) Etfrit mac Ossu rex Saxon- um 15? anno regni sui consummata magna cum caterva militum suorum interfectus est et combussit Tula-amain Duinollaigh. Talorgg mac Acithaen et Dombnall brecc mac Eacbacb mortui sunt. Jugu- latio Rotansaige.; Dargarto mac Finguine. 687 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxxvj. Jugulatio Feradaig mac Congaile. Adomnanus cap- tives duxit ad Hiberniam Ix. 688 Kal. Jan. Auno Domini Dclxxxvij. Occisio Canonn fibi Gartnaid. 689 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxxviij. Jolan Episcopus Cinngarat obiit. Mors Catusaig nepotis Dombnall bricc. Mors Feradaig mac Tua- talain. Mors Maileduin meic Conaill crunamna. Obscurata est pars solis. 690 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dclxxxix. Mors Finguine longi et Ferataig meic Neiclitleicc et Coblaitli filia Canonn moritur. In Kintyre. 352 FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER. 691 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcxc. Dalriati popiilati sunt Cruitniu y Ultu. Ventus niagnus 16 kal. Octobris quosdani vj. ex familia lae mersit. 692 Kal. Jan. 2. f. L 7. Anno Domini Dcxcj. Adomnamis 14 anno post pausam Falbei ad Hiber- niam pergit. Jiigulatio Maelditraib meic Euganain. Obsessio Duindeauae dihsi. 693 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcxcij. Bruide mac Bill rex Fortrenn et Ailphin mac Nectin mortui sunt. Jugulatio Ainftig y Niethneill 7 filio- rum Boendo. Mors Doergairt mac Finguine. Bellum contra Pante. 694 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcxciij. Jugulatio CerbaiU mac Maellodrae. Obsessio Duin- fother. Mors Fercair mac Conaet Cirr. Domhnall mac Auin rex Alocluate moritur. 695 Kl. Jan. b. f. 1. 10. Anno Domini Dcxc4. Tomnat uxor Ferchair moritur. Mors Conaill filii Tuatail. 696 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcxcv. Jugulatio Domhnaill filii ConaiU crandamnai. 697 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcxcvj. Tarachin de regno expulsus est. Ferchar fota mori- tur. Adomnanus ad Hiberniam pergit et dedit legem innocentium populis. Euchu nepos DombnaUl jugulatus est. 698 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcxcvij. Bellum inter Saxones et Pictos ubi cecidit filius Ber- nitli qui dicebatur Brectrid. Combustio Duinon- laigli. Expulsio Ainfcellach filii Ferchir de regno et vinctus ad Hiberniam veliitur. 699 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcxcviij. Bovina strages in Saxonia. Bellum Finamla meic Osseni. Tarain ad Hiberniam pergit. 700 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcxcix. (Dormitacio Jarnlaigh Abbatis Lismoir.) Fiannainn nepos Dunchado rex Dalriati et Flann meic Cinn- FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTEE. 353 faelad meic Suibne jugulati sunt. Aurtuile nepos Cruinmail de regno expulsus in Britanniam pergit. 701 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dec? Feidelmidh mac Fergusa meic Aedain moritiir. Jiigiilatio Aedo odbae. Aed mac Conlutli, Congal mac Euganain, mortui sunt. Imbairecc iscii^ ubi cecidit Conaing mac Diinchado j filius Cuandai, Destructio Duinonlaigh apud Sealbach. Jugulatio generis Cathboth. Occisio Neill mac Cernn. Irga- lach nepos Conaing occidit ilium. 702 KaL Jan. Amio Domini Dccj° Irgalach nepos Conaing a Britonibus jugulatus in Insi mic Nechtan. 703 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dccij? Feargusan mac Maelcon moritur. Obsessio Eitlii. 704 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcciij. Strages Dalriati in vaUe Limnae. Adamnanus lxx7 anno etatis sue Abbas lae pausat. 705 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcciv. Jugulatio Conamlo mac Cannon. 706 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccv. Brude mac DerUe moritur. 707 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccvj. Becc nepos Dunchado jugulatur. Dimchada princi- patuni lae tenuit. 708 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Decvij. Canis cuaran rex Cruithne jugulatur. 709 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccviij. Bellum for Orcaibh^ in quo filius Artablari jacuit. Jugulatio ConaUl mic Feradaig. 710 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dccix. Conain mac Failbi Abbas lae pausat. Imbairecc^ apud genus Comgail ubi duo filii Nechtain meic Doirgarto jugulati sunt. Oengus mac Maeleanfaig ^ Sea battle. ' Against the Orkneys. " Battle. z 354 FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER insci jugulatus. Fiachra mac Dungaile apud Cru- itline jugulatus. 711 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccx? Strages Pictorum in Campo Manonn apud Saxones ubi Finguine fUius Deileroith immatura morte jacuit Congressio Britonum et Dalriati for Loirgg-ccclct^ ulji Britones devicti. Murgal filius Nae moritur. 712 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxj. Coed'li Episcopns lae pausat. Combiistio Tairpirt Boetter. Congal mac Doirgarto moritur. Obsessio Aberte apud Selbacum. 7 1 3 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxij. Filia Ossu in monasterio lid moritur. Ciniod mac Derili y filius Maitgernain jugulati sunt. Dorbeni kathedram lae obtinuit et 5 mensibus peractis in primatu 5? KaL Novembris die Sabbati obiit. Tol- argg filius Drostain ligatus apud fratrem smim Nech- taiu regem. 714 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxiij. DuinoUaigli conslruitur apud Selbacum. Alenda- ingen destniitur. 71 G Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxv. Jugulatio regis Saxonum Osrit filii Aldfrit nepotis Ossu. Garnat filius Deileroit moritur. Pasca commu- tatur in Eoa civitate. Faelcu mac Dorbeni kathedram Columbe lxx4 etatis sue anno 5° Kal. Septembris die Sabbati suscepit. Mors Artbrain mac Maelduin. 717 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxvj. Dunclia mac Cinnfaelad Abbas lae obiit. Etulb mac Ecuilb obiit. Expulsio familiae lae trans Dor- sum Brittannie a Nectano rege. Congressio Dalriati 7 Britonum in lapide qui vocatur Minvirc et Britones devicti sunt. 719 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxviij. Drostan dairtaiglie quievit in Ardbreccain. Cuii ■" At Loirgeclet. FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER. 355 Dimerggo moritur. Belluin Finnglinne inter duos filios Fercliair fotti in quo Ainfceallacli jugulatus est die quiiite ferie Id. Septembris. Bellum mariti- mum Ardeaneisbi inter Dunchada mbecc cum genere Gabhrain et Selbacum cum genere Loairn et versum est super Selbacum pridie nonas Octobris (vel Septem- bris) die 6 ferie in quo quiddam comites corruerunt. 721 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxx. Duncha becc rex Cinntire moritur. 722 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxj. Maelrubai in ApurcroSon anno Ixxx. etatis sue, Mael- cargis o Druiming, Bile mac Eilpiu rex Alocluate, moriuutur. Feidlimid Principatum lae teuiut. 723 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxij. Clericatus Selbaich. 724 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxiij. Faelchu mac Dorbeni Abbas lae dormit. Cillenius longus ei in principatu lae successit. 72-5 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxiv. Simul filius Druist constringitur. Congal mac Mael- eanfaitlibrecc fortrenn, Oan princepsEgo, mortui sunt. 726 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxv. Nectan mac Deirile constringitur apud Druist regem. Tolarggau maphan moritur. 727 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxvj. Congressio Irrois-foichnae, ubi quidam ceciderunt den dihh Airgiallaihh,^ inter Selbacum 7 familiam Ech- dach nepotis Domhnaill. Adomnani reliquie traus- feruntur in Hiberniam et lex renovatur. Dubdainber mac Congail rex Cruitne jugulatus est. 728 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxvij. Bellum Monidcroib inter Pictores invicem ubi Oengus victor fuit et multi ex parte Eilpini regis perempti sunt. Bellum lacrimabile inter eosdem gestimi est juxta Castellum Credi ubi Elpinius effugit. " Of the two AirKiallas. 356 FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTEE. 729 Kal. Jau. Anno Domini Dccxxviij. Belliim Monitcarno juxta staguum Loogdae inter liostem Necbtaiu et exercitiim Aengusa et exactatores Nechtain cecidenmt, hoc est, Biceot mac Moneit y filiiis ejus ij Finguine mac Drostain, Ferot mac Fin- guine et alii multi. Familia Aengiisia trinmpliavit. Belliim Dromaderggblatlimi" in regiouibus Picto- rum inter Oengus et Drust regem Pictorum et cecidit Drust. 730 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcexxix. Eeversio reliquarxim Adomnani de Hibernia in mense Octoliris. Bran filiiis Eugain, Selbach mac Fercair, mortiii sunt. Interfectio filii Cinadon. Commixtio Dunaidh for Donilnuiill vieic Murcado iculaib, id est, adaiffh noidc Kephain vel imlccho Senaich? 731 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Decxxx. Clericatus Ecbdacb filii Cudini rex Saxonum 7 con- stringitur. Combustio Tairpu't Boittir apud Dungal. Bellum inter Cruitne et Dalriati in Muirbuilgg ubi Cruitne devicti fuerunt. Bellum inter filium Oengusa 'J filium Congusa sed Brudeus vicit Talorcau fugien- tem. 732 Kal. Jau. Anno Domini Dccxxxj. Teimnen Cillegarad religiosus clericus quievit. 733 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxxij. Dungal mac Selbaich debonoravit Toraic cum traxit Brudeum ex ea 7 eadem vice iusolam Culrenrigi in- vasit. Muredac mac Ainfcellach regnum generis Loairnd assumit. 734 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxxiij. Caintigcrn ingcn Ccallach (niallann^ jaoritTiT. Talorgg mac Congusso a fratre suo victus est, traditur in y The commotion of Dunad against Domnall, son of Mur- chad, in the Culs, id est, on the night of the death of Nephan, or at Imleach Senaich. ^ Kentigerna, daughter of Ceallaeh cualan, dies. FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 357 nianus Pictonim et cum illis in aqua demersus est. Talorggan filius Drostain comprehensus alligatur juxta arcem Ollaigh. Dunleithfinn destruitur post vulnerationem Dungaile 7 in Hiberniam a potestate Oengusio fugatus est. 736 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxxv. Oengus mac Fergusa rex Pictorum vastavit regiones Dailriatai et obtinuit Dunat et combussit Creic et duos filios Selbhaic (.i. Doungall y Ferdacli) catenis alligavit y paulo post Brudeus mac Oengusa iilii Ferguso obiit. Bellum Cnuicc Coirpri i Galathros uc etar Linnclu^ inter Dalriatai et Fortrenn et Talorg- gan mac Ferguso filium Ainfceallach fugientem cum exercitu persequitur in qua congressione multi nobiles ceciderunt. 737 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxxvj. Mors Eonain Abbatis Cinngaraid. Faelbe fiHus Guaire Maelrubi (.i.) heres Crosaiu in profundo pelagi dimersus est cum suis nautis nuniero xxij. 739 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxxviij. Talorggan mac Drostain rex Atfoithle dimersus est .i. la Oengus}' Mors Aeda mac Garljain. 740 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxxxix. Terre motus in Hi ij. Id Aprilis. Cubretan mac Conguso moritur. 741 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcc.xl" Mors Fuirechtaig principis Insio Coil. Jugulatio Ernain nepotis Eciulb. Bellum Dromacathmail inter Cruitniu et Dalriati for Innreclitac. Percussio Dalriatai la Oengus mac Ferguso. 747 Kal. Jan. .i. f. c. x. Anno Domini Dccxlvj. Mors Tuatalain abbatis Cinnrighmonai. 749 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxlviij. Jugulatio Catusaigh filii Aillello irraith hcithech'^ * Knock Cariber at Etar Liiuidn. ^ By Angus. "= In Ratlibethech. 358 FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER. regis Cruitline. Combiistio Cillemoire Aedain filii Oengusa. Veutus maguus. Dimersio familie lae. 750 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini DccxlLx. Bellum Catohic inter Pictores 7 Brittones in quo cecidit Talorgan mac Fergussa frater Oengusa, 752 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclj. Mors Cilleine droctigh aucorite lae. Mors Cilleni filii Congaile in Hi. 754 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccliij. Sleibhne Abbas lae in Hiberniam venit. 761 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclx. ]\Iors Aengusa mac Fergusa regis Pictoi-um. 763 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxij. Bruide rex Fortrenn moritur. 765 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccl.xv. Suibne Abbas lae in Hiberniam venit. 767 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxvj. Quies Sleibeni Lie. 7C8 Kal. Jan. Aimo Domini Dcclxvij. Bellum ifortrinn ittir Aeclh y CinaedhA 772 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxxj. Mors Suibne Abbas lae. 774 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxxiij. Flatruea mac Fiachrach rex Cruitne moritur. 775 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxxiv. Mors Cinadhon regis Pictorum j Conall Maighi- luingi. 778 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxxvij. Aed finn mac Ecdacli rex Dalriati mortuus est. Eithni incjcn'^ Cinadon moritur. 780 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxxix. Combustio Alocluade in Kal. Jan. Elpin rex Saxon - um moritur. '^ War iu Fortren between AeJ and Cinaed. ^ Daucrhtcr of. FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER. 359 781 Kal. Jan. Anno I>omini Dcclxxx. Fergus inac Echacli ri Dalriati defuuctus est. 782 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxxxj. Dubhtolargg rex Pictorum citra Monotli et Muredac mac Huairgaile equonimus lae perieruut. 789 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxxxviij. Bellum inter Pictos iibi Conall mac Taidg victus est Y evasit ■y Coustantin victor fnit. 790 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcclxxxix. Mors Noe Abbatis Cinugaradh, vel hie, Bellum Co- naill '1 Constantin secundum alios libros. 792 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxcj. Donncorci rex Dalriatai obiit. 794 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccxciij. Vastatio omnium insolarum Britannie a gentibus. 801 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccc. Bresal mac Eegeni Abbas lae anno Principatus sui 31 dormivit. 802 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccj. Mac Oigi Apuircrosan Abbas Bencliair defunctus. 806 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccv. Familia lae occisa est a gentibus .i. Ix. octo. 807 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccvj. • Jugulatio Conall mac Taidg o Conall mcic Aedain i Cuinntire.^ 814 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxiij. Ceallach Abbas lae finita constructione templi Cen- indsa reliquit principatum j Diarmicius alumpnus Daigri pro eo ordinatus est. 816 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxv. Conan mac Euadhrach rex Britonum defunctus est. 820 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxix. Custantin mac Fergusa rex Fortren raoritur. ' Slaughter of Conall, son of Taidg, by Concill son of AeJan in Kintyre. 360 FEOil THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 825 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxxiv. Martre Blaimhicc meic Flainn ogentib in Hi Coluim- cille.S 829 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxxviij. Diarmait ah. lae do dul an Alhain cominnaib Coluivi- cille.'^ 831 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxxx. Diarmait totiachiain in h-Erin covmiinaih Coluim- cille} 834 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxxxiij. Oengus mac Fergusa rex Fortrenn moritur. 839 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxxxviij. Bellum re genntih for firu Fortrenn'^ in quo Enganan mac Oengusa 7 Bran mac Oengusa 7 Aed mac Boanta et alii (pane) inuumerabiles ceciderunt. 849 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxlviij. Innrechtach ah. lae do tiachtain do cum n-Erenn comm inda ih Coluimcilley- 854 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dcccliij. Heres Columbe ciUe sapiens optimus 4 Id. IMarcii apud Saxones martirizatur. 856 KaL Jan. Anno Domini Dccclv. Cocadh mor ettir Gennti 'f Maclsechnaill con Gall- go idhel leis} 857 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccclvj. Rohmid rcn Iviar y ren Amlaijjh for Caittil find con Gall-gaedhcl hi tirihh MumhanP^ B The martyrdom of Blaimec, son of Flann, by the Gentiles in Hi ColumciUe. *" Diarmait, Abbot of la, went to Alban with the reliquaries of ColumciUe. ' Diarmait came to Erin with the reliquaries of ColumciUe. J Battle by the Gentiles against the men of Fortrenn. ^ lureehtach, abbot of la, came to Erin with the reliquaries of Coluiincille. ' Great war between the Gentiles and ]\Iaelsechnall, with the Galwegians along with him. ™ Victory by Imar and by Amlaebh against Caithil fia with the Galwegians in the territories of Munster. FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 361 858 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccclvij. Cinaeth mac Ailpin rex Pictorum, Adulf rex Saxon- um, mortui sunt. 862 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccclxj. Domhnall mac Ailpin rex Pictorum mortuus est. 865 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccclxiv. Ceallach mac AiUello Abbas Cilledaro j Abbas la dormivit in regione Pictorum. Breatain du innarbu as a tir do Saxanacaihh con ro gabh cacht for aibh in Maencomain.^ Tuathal mac Artguso primus Epis- copus^ Fortrenn y Abbas Duiucaillenn dormivit. 866 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccclxv. Amlai;ph y Auisle do dul i Fortrenn con gcdlaih Erenn y Alhan 7 con rinnriset Cruitintuait n-uile J con tiigsat an gialloP 870 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccclxix. Obsessio AUeccluithe a Nordmannis .i. Amlaiph f Imliar ii. regis Nordmannorum obsederuut arcem niam y destruxerunt in fine 4 mensium arcem et predaverunt. 871 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccclxx. Amlaiph 7 Imhar do tkuidhecht afritJiisi du Athacli- ath a Albain dibh cedaih long'P n preda maxima hominum Anglorum 7 Britonum y Pictorum deducta est secum ad Hiberniam in captivitate. 872 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccclxxj. Artgba rex Britannorum Sratha-cluaidlie concilio Constantini filii Cinaedo occisus est. " The Britons expelled from their land by the Saxons, who made captives of many of them in Maencoman. ° Amlaebh and Anisle went to Fortrenn with the Galls of Erin and Alban, and laid waste aU Cruithentuaith, and carried off hostages. P Amlaebh and Imar came again to Athcliath from Alban, with two hundred ships. 1 6 reads in Irish prim Epscop. 362 FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 873 Kal. Jau. luan 27. Anuo Domini Dccclxx2. Imar rex Nordmannorum tocius Hibernie 7 Britannie ill Cliristo quievit/ Flaitlibertacli mac jNIurcertaigh Priiiceps Duiucaillden obiit. 875 Kal. Jan. lun. xx. Anno Domini Dccclxx4. Congressio Pictorum for Buhgallu'i 7 strages magna Pictorum facta est. Oistiu mac AmLiipli regis Nordmannorum ab Albanensibus per dolum occisus est. 876 Kal. Jan. luu. i. Anno Domini Dccclxx5. Constantin mac Cinaeda rex Pictorum moritur. 878 Kal. Jan. lun. 23. Anno Domini Dccclxx7. Aedh mac Cinadan rex Pictorum a socus suis occisus est. Serin Goluimcille y aminna olchcna du thiach- tain do cum n-Ercnnfor tcicJieadh ria GallaihhJ 880 Kal. Jan. lun. xij. Anno Domini Dcclxxix. Feradach mac Cormaic Abbas lae pausat. 891 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxc. Flann mac Maileduin Abbas la in pace quievit. Bansccd rolai in muir a n-Alhain, cxcv. do troigib in a fot, sechi troigi dec in a trillsi, rij. troigi fat mcoir a laimhc, vij. troigi fot a srona gilithir gcis uilc lii.^' 900 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dcccxcix. Domlmall mac Caustantin ri Alhain moritur. 904 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Dccccuj. Imhair ua h-Imair do marbadh laflru Fortrenn 7 ar mar nimhi} 1 Against the Dugalls. ■■ The shrine of Cohuncille and all his reliquaries were brought to Erin in refuge from the Gall.s. ' A woman was thrown out of the sea in Alban. She wj Saxanu coromaid for Alhancliu co fargahsat ar an degh doinc} 1007 Kal. Jan. iiij. f. 1. ix. Anno Domini Mvj. Muredach mac Cricain do deirgiu coniarbus Colum- cille ar Dia. Ferdomnacli i comorhus Columcille con a comairhfer n-Erenn isin oenach sinJ^ 1011 Kal. Jan. ij. f. 1. xxiij. Anno Domini Mx. Muredach hua Crican comorba Columcille j fer leighinn Ardmacha in Christ o dormivit." 1014 Kal. Jan. vj. f. I. xxvj. Anno Domiiii IVLsiiij. Slogedh la Brian mac Ceinitig mic Lorcain la rig Erenn j la Maelsechlan mac Donall la righ Temrach CO h-Atacliaih. Laigin idle do leir itinol ar a cinn 7 Gall Athacliath j a coimlin do Gallaibh Lochlain leo ' Dubdalethe Corbe of Patrick and Columcille. ^ Ranald, son of Gofraigh, king of tlie Isles ; Maelbrigd of Rimeda, abbot of Ja, in Christ. Battle between the men of Alban among themselves, in which the king of Alban fell, viz., Cinaed, son of Dub. ' Battle between the men of Alban and Saxony ; the Albanich ■were overcome, and great slaughter made of their nobles. ™ Muredac, son of Crecan, resigns the Corbeship of Colum- cille for the service of God. Ferdomnach elected to the Corbe- ship of Columcille by the advice of the men of Erin at that fair [of Tailten]. " Muredach O'Crican Corlie of Columcille and Ferlegin of Armagh died iu Christ. " Hosting by Brian, son of Cennetig, son of Lorcan, king of . Erin, and by MalscclilaD, sou of Domnall, king of Tara, to Ata- cliath. All Leinster was assembled to oppose them, and the Galls of Atacliath and a company of the Galls of Lochlan, viz., teu FEOM THE ANjSTALS OF ULSTER. 367 A. X. c. luircch. Gnifir cath crodo etorra donafrith inn tsamail. Maidhis iarom for Gallu j Laigniu i tosaig cor^tsdiligait uile doleir in quo bello cecidit ex aduersa caterua Gallorum Madmorda mac Murchada ri Lai- gcn 7 Domnall mac Fergailc ri na Fortuath. Cecidit vero a Gallis Duhgall mac Amlaim, Siuchraid mac Loduir iarla insi h-Orcc y Gillaciaran mac Gluniaran ridomna Gall 7 Oittir dub 7 Sicartgair j Bonnchach hua Eraill 7 Gersene J Luimne 7 Amlaim mac Lag- maind j Briotor A. toisech na loingsi LocJdanaighe 7 vj. mile iter mcvrhhadh 7 hathadh. Dorochar iviorro a fritguin, Gaidhelaibh A. Brian mac Cincitig Ardri Gaidhel Erenn f Gall y Bretan, August iartJmir tuaiscert Eorpa uile j a mac A. MurecJiach j a mac- side A. Toirdcalbach mac Ihirechach j Conaing mac DuincJmain mic Cincitig rig domna Mumhan 7 Motla mac Domnall mac Failan ri nan Dcisi Mumhan. Eoco mac Buadaigh 7 Niall him _ Cuind 7 mac Ccnetig tri Coimte Briain. Da rig hua Maine, hua Ceallach 7 hundred coats of mail A cruel battle was fought between them, of which tlie like was never seen. Victory was obtained against the Galls and tlie Leinster men in the beginning, who were put to flight, in wliieh battle there fell of the opposite bod}' of Galls, Maelmorda, son of Jlurchad, king of Leinster, and Domnall, son of Fergale, king of the Fortuath. Tliere fell, however, of the Galls, Dubgall, son of Amlaim, Siuchraid, son of Lodur Earl of Orkney, and Gillaciaran, son of Gluniaran, king of the Galls, and Oittir the black, and Suartgar and Duncan O'Erulb, and Gersene and Luimin and Amlaim, son of Lagman, and Briotor, viz., the commander of the fleet of the Lochlans and six thousand were slain or drowned. There were slain, moreover, on the side of the Gael, Brian, son of Cinetig, sovereign of the Gael of Erin and Gall, and Britain, the Augustus of the west of northern Europe, and his son JIurechach, and his grandson, Toirdcalbach, son of Murechach, and Conaing, son of Dunchuan, son of Cineitig, future king of Munster, and Motla, son of Domnall, son of Faelan, king of the Deises of Munster. Eoco, son of Duadag, and Niall O'Conn, and Mac Cenetig, the three companions of Brian. Two 3G8 FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER. Maelruanaigh hua Eiclin rig Aidtie 7 Geibinac hua Duibagain ri Fernmaige y Macheatad viae Muredaigh Cloin ri CiaraidJie Luachre j Domnall mac Diarmada ri Corcohaiscind y Scannlain mac Cathail ri Eogan- aclita Locha Lein y Domnall mac Eimin mic Cainig Mormaer Mair in Alhain et alii multi nobiles. 1020 Kal. Jan. vj. f. ij. Anno Domini Mxx. Flnnlocch mac Ruadri n Allan a suis occisus est. 1025 Kal. Jan. vj. f. 1. xxvij. Anno Domiai Mxxv. Flannobra Comliorha la in Christo qnievit. 1027 Kal. Jan. ij. f. 1. xx. Anno Domini ]\Ixxvij. Duncaillenn in Alban do uile loscadh.v 1029 Kal. Jan. iiij. f. 1. xij. Anno Domini Mxxix. Maelcoliiim mac Maolbrigde meic Eiiaidhre mortuu.s est. 1032 Kal. Jan. vij. f. 1. xj. Anno Domini Mxxxij. Crillacomgan mac Maclhi'igde Mormacr Murele do loscadh CO coecait do dhuvnibh imme.'^ 1033 Kal. Jan. ij. f. 1. xx-vj. Anno Domini Mxxxiij. Mac meic Bode meic Cinacdha do marhhadh la Mael- colaim meic CinaedaJ 1034 KL Jan. iij. f. 1. vij. Anno Domini Mxxxiiij. Maelcolaim viae Cinaeda ri Alhain obiit. Mac Nia hua Uchtan fer leighinn Cennannsa do bathadh ac tiachtain a h-Albain j culebadh Coluimcille j tri kings of O'Many, O'Kelly, and Maelruanag O'EiJen, king of Aidne, and Geibinac O'Dubagan, king of Fermoy, and Macbeatad, son of Muredag Cloin, king of Kerryluachra, and Domnall, son ofDiarmad, king of Corcobaiscin, and Scanlan, son of Cathal, king of the Eoganaclits of Locha Lein, and Domnall, son of Eimin, son of Caiuig, Mormaer of Marr, in Alban, and many other nobles. P Duukeld in Alban entirely burnt. •i Gillacomgan, son of Maelbrigde, Mormaer of Moray, burnt ■with fifty of his men along with him. ■■ Tlie son of the son of Boete, son of Cinaed, slain by Mal- colm, son of Cinaed. FROM THE ANliALS OF ULSTER 3G9 minna do mhinnaib Patraic 7 tricha fcr impu. Suibhne mac Cinaeda ri Gallgaidhel mortuus est.^ 1040 Kl. Jan. iij. f. 1. xiij. Anno Domini MxL Maebnuvre hua Uchfan Columicille in Cliristo dormivit. Bonnchach mac Crinan ri Alhain a suis occisus est.* 1045 Kl. Jan. iij. f. 1. ix. Anno Domini Mxlv. Cath iter Albancu etarra fein itorcair Cronan Alb. Duinecaillend.^ 1054 Kl. Jan. vij. f. 1. xviij. Anno Domini Mliiij. Cath etir fhiru Alhain '^ Saxanu itorcradar tri mile do feraib Albain j mile coleth di Saxanu im Dolfinn mac Finntuir^ 1057 Kal. Jan. iiij. f. 1. xxj. Anno Domini Mlvij. Eobartach mac Ferdomnach Comorba ColmmciUe in domino dormivit. 1058 Kl. Jan. v. f. 1. ij. Anno Domini MlvLij. Lulach mac Gillcomgain Ardri Albain domarbhadh la Maelcolaim mcic Donchadh i Cath. Macbeathadh mac Finnlaich Airdri Albain domarbhadh la Mael- colui7n meic Donnchadh i cath.'" 1062 Kal. Jan. iij. f. 1. xvj. Anno Domini Mlxij. Gilchrist hua Maeldoradh comorba Coluimcille etir Erin j Albain in Christo qnievit.'' ^ Malcolm, son of Cinaed king of Alban, died. Macnia O'Uch- tau Ferlegin of Kells, drowned when coming from Alban, and the Cidebad of Columcille, and three of the reliquaries of Patrick, and thirty men with him. Suibhne, son of Cinaed, king of Galloway dies. * Malmure O'Uehtan [Corbe of] Cohimcille slept in Christ. Duncan, son of Crinan, king of Alban slain by his own people. " Battle between the Albanich among themselves, in which fell Cronan, abbot of Dunkeld. ^ Battle between the men of Alban and Saxony, in which fell three thousand of the men of Alban, and one thousand and a half of the Saxons, with Dolfin, son of Finntur. " Lulach, son of GUlacomgan, sovereign of Alban, slain by Malcolm, son of Duncan, in battle. Macbethad, son of Finlaech, sovereign of Alban, slain by Malcolm, son of Dimcan, in battle. " GUlchrist O'Maeldorad, Corbe of Columcille, in Erin and Alban, rested in Christ. 2 A 370 FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 1065 Kal. Jan. vij. f. 1. xx. Anno Domini Mlxv. Buhtach Albannach prim Annchara^ Erin 7 Albain in Ardmacha quievit/ 1070 Kal. Jan. vj. f. 1. xv. Anno Domini Mlxx. Ahbas la .i. mac mic Baetan domarbhadh do mac ind ah. hua Maeldoraid.^ 1072 Kal. Jan. i. f. 1. vij. Anno Domini lllxxij. Fraingc do dul in Allan co tucsat righ in Albain leo in etirecht.^ 1085 Kal. Jan. vij. f. 1. i. Anno Domini Mlxxxv. Maelsnectai mac Lulaigh ri Muireb suam vitam feliciter finivit. Bomhnall mac Maelcoluim ri Albain suam vitam infeliciter finivit.'' 1093 Kal. Jan. vij. f. 1. xxix. Anno Domini Mxciij. Fothudh ardepsvop Albain in Christo quievit. Maelcolaim mac Donncha Airdri Albain j Ech- hard.a mac domarbhadh do Francaibh. A rigban vero .i. Margarita do ec dia cumaidh ria cenn nomaidhe." 1094 KaL Jan. i. f. 1. x. Anno Domini Mxciiij. Donnchadh mac Maelcolaim ri Albain domarbhadh hraitribh fein (.i. o Domnall 7 Etmond) per dolum.*^ y Dubtach Albanach, chief anchorite of Erin and Alban, rested in Armagh. ^ The abbot of la, viz., the son of the son of Baetan, slain by the son of the abbot O'Maeldorad. " The Franks enter Alban till they brought the king in Alban with them in security. * Malsnectai, son of Lulag, king of Moray, ended his life happily. Domnall son of Malcolm, king of Alban, ended his life un- happily. ' Fothud, archbishop of Alban, rested in Christ. Malcolm son of Duncan, sovereign of Alban, and Edward, his son, slain by the Franks. His queen, viz., Margarita, died through grief before the end of [three] days. ^ Duncan, son of Malcolm, king of Alban, slain by his own brothers (Donald and Edmund) by treachery. ' This word has been translated I for anmchara, soul friend or con- anchorite, but it may be Intended | feasor. FROM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 371 1098 KaL Jan. vj. f. L xxiiij. Anno Domini Mxcviij. Tri longa do longaibh Gall na indsi do shlat do Ultaihh y afairenn domarhhadh .i. xx. ar c. vel paulo plus. Domhnall mac Rohartaig comorha Coluimcille fri re in pace dormivit.® 1099 Kal. Jan. vij. f. 1. v. Anno Domini Mxcix. Donnchadh mac vicic Moenaig ah. la in pace pausavit/ 1106 Kal. Jan. ij. f. 1. xxtij. Anno Domini Mcvj. Etgair ri Alhain mortuus est. 1109 Kal. Jan. vj. f. L xxvj. Anno Domini Mcix. Ociigus Jma Donnallan prim Anncliara samhtha Coluimcille.S 1116 KaL Jan. vij. f. 1. xiij. Anno Domini McxvL Ladmitinn mac Domhnall hua righ Alban doviarbh- adh doferaihh Moriab.^ 1124 Kal. Jan. iij. f. L xij. Anno Domini Mcxxiiij. Alaxandair mac Maelcoluim ri Alhain in bona peni- tentia mortuus est. 1130 Kal. Jan. iiij. f. L xviij. Anno Domiui Mcxxx. BeUum etir firu Alhain i^ feru Moreh i torcraAar iiij. Tnile do feraihh Morehh im a righ .i. Oengus mac ingene Luluigh, mile vero d- feraihh Alhain ifritghuin.^ * Three ships of the ships of the GaUs of the isles destroyed by Ulster men, and their warriors slain, viz., over 120 or more. Domnall son of Robartaig, Corbe of ColumciUe at that time, slept in peace. ^ Duncan son of the son of Maenag, abbot of la, died in peace. s Oengus O'Donallan, chief anchorite of the community of Coluimcille. '' Ladmuu son of Domnall, grandson of the king of Alban, slain by the men of Moray. ' Battle between the men of Alban and the men of Moray, in ^ There ia a hiatus in a of I 1155, and in i of forty-eight years, twenty-four years, from 1131 to | from 1115 to 1163. 372 FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTEE. 1164 Kal. Jan. iiij. f. L iiij. Anno Domini Mclxiiij. (Maithi muinnteri la .i. in sacart mor Avgitstin "j in ferleighinn .i. Dubside j in discrtach .i. MacG-illa,- duibh '1 cenn na Ceile n-De .i. Mac Foircellaigh j maithi muinnteri la arcliena do thiachtain ar cenn comarba Coluimcille .i. \F'\laithhertach hui Brolcain do gahail abdaine la a comairli Shomar- lidh J fer Aerergaidhel j Innsigall coro astaei co- morba Patraic n ri Eirenn .i. Ua Lochlainn 7 maithi Cencl Eoghain e.) Somhairlid mac Gilleadhamhnan '•J a mhac do mharbhadh y ar fer Aerergaedhel 7 Cinntire J fer Innsigall 7 Gall Athacliath ime? 1165 KaL Jan. vj. f. 1. xv. Anno Domini Mclxv. Maclcoluim cennmor mac Aenric ardri Alban in cristaidhe as ferr do bai do Ohaidhclaibh re muir anair, ar deirc j ainech j ci-abhadh, do cc)^ 1195 Kal. Jan. i f. 1. xvj. Anno Domini Mcxciiij. Sacart mor la do ec} which fell four thousand of the men of Moray, with their king Oengus, son of the daughter of Lulag, a tliousand also of the men of Alban in heat of battle. ■i The chiefs of the family of loua, viz., the great priest Augustin, the Ferleighin or lector Dubsidi, the hermit Macgilla- duibh, the chief of the Culdees Mac Foircellaigh, and the other chiefs of the family of Zona came to the chief Corbe of Columba, Flaithbertach O'Brolcain, to take the abbacy of lona by the advice of Somerled, and the men of Aerergael and InsigaU ; but the Corbe of Patrick, and the king of Ireland, O'Lochlan, and the nobles of Cinel Owin prevented it. Somerled son of GiUeadamnan, and his son killed, and slaughter of the men of Aerergail, and the men of InsigaU, and the Galls of Dublin with him. ■^ Malcolm cenmore, son of Henry, sovereign of Alban, the best Christian that was to the Gael on the east side of the sea, for almsgiving and fasting and devotion, died. ' The great priest of la died. TEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTER 373 1199 Kal. Jan. vij. f. 1. xj. Anno Domini Mcxix. Sanctus Muritius uo Baetan in h-I ColuimciUe in pace quievit. Rollant mac Uchtrcdgli ri Gallgaidliel in pace quievit.™ 1208 Kal. Jan. v. f. 1. xxj. Anno Domini Mccviij. Cath tucsat mcicRaghnaill raic Somairligh for feraihh Sciadh du in ra marbliadh an ar.^ 1212 Kal. Jan. i. f. 1. xxiiij. Anno Domini Mccxij. Tomas mac Uclitraigh co macaibh Raglmaill mic Somarlidh do tJiaidecht do Dhaire ColuimciUe co vi. longaihh Ixx. j in haile do milliudh dhoihh co mor j Iniseoghain co h-uilidhi do mhilliudh dlioihh y do ceneol ConaillP 1213 Kal. Jan. iiij. f. 1. xvj. Anno Domini Mccxiij. Tomas mac Uchtraigh 7 Ruaidliri mac Raghnaill do argain Bairi go h-uilidhi 7 do breith slut muinntere Daire y tuaisccrt Erenn archena do lar tcmpaill in reiclesa imacli. Ri Alhan do ec A. Uilliam garmJ? 1214 KaL Jan. V. f. I xxvij. Anno Domini Mccxiv. Uilliam ri Alhan do cc. Alaxandcr a mliac do oirdnedh ina inad.'i 1215 KaL Jan. vj. f. 1. is. Anno Domini Mccxv. Trad h-ua MailfhahhaUl toisech Ceneoil Fergusa cona '" EoUant, son of Uchtraig, king of Galloway, rested in peace. " A battle given by the sons of Kanald, son of Somerled, to the men of Skye, who were slain with great slaughter. ° Thomas son of Uchtraig, with the sons of Ranald, son of Somerled, came to Derry ColumciUe with six ships and seventy. The town was spoiled by them very much, and Inisowen alto- gether was spoiled by them and the Cinel ConaU. P Thomas, son of Uchtraig, and Roderic, son of Ranald, plun- dered Derry altogether, and carried away the goods of the men of Derry and the north of Erin out of the temple, in the monastery. The king of Alban died, viz., William Garbh. 'i WLUiam, king of Alban, having died, Alexander his son was put in authority in his place. 374 FEOM THE ANNALS OF ULSTEE. braithrihh J gu n-ar men' do mharbhadh do Mhuir- eadhach mac Marmair Lemhnachy 1234 Kal. Jan. Anno Domini Mccxxxiiij. Ailin mxm Uchtraigh ri Oallgaidhel mortuus est.* 1262 KaL Jan. i. f. 1. 7. Anno Domini Mcclxij. Ehdonn ri Lochlann do eg an Imisibh Ore ig techt an Erinn} ' Trad O'Mailfeabhaill, chief of the Cenel Fergusa, with his brothers, with great slaughter, was slain by Muredach, son of the Mormair of Lennox. ' Allan, son of Uchtraig, king of Galloway, died. * Ebdonn, king of Lochlan, died in Orkney, on his way to Erin. LEGEND OF ST. ANDREW. 375 XLIX. LEGEND OF ST. ANDREW, before mdiv. BEEV. ABERDON. PROP. SANCT. PRO TEMP. DYEM. OoNSTANCio Eomanonun imperatore feliciter reguante, Fo'- ixxxii. nostri virginei partus salutiferi anno tricentesimo et sexa- gesimo, in Achaia regione inclita eiusdem regionis civitate nomine Patras, vir sane magne sanctitatis et deuocionis nomine Eegulus feliciter claruit, miraculis hie beati Andree apostoli et Scotorum incliti regionis patron i Sanctissimi ossium et reliquiarum que in dicta civitate in qua ipse beatus Andi'eas passus est martyrium custos fidelissimus fuit. Interea, dum idem Constancius mortem ipsius beati Andree in dictos crucifigentes vindicare proposuerat, et dictam civitatem invaderet, ut ipsius Apostoli reliquias inde secum asportaret, ea nocte Angelus Domini beato Eegulo apparuit, dicens; Eegule, serue Dei, applica tibi fratres ydoneos viros sanctos et timentes Deum et de theca ossium et reliquiarum beati Apostoli Andree, que tibi cus- todienda committitur, inde auferas ipsius dextre manusdigi- tos tres, OS brachii ab humero dependens, dentem vnum et genu patellam ; ac vbi tibi in loco quem monstrauero cause custodias donee redeam. Imperatore vero predicto reliquias ipsius ossium partes Constantinopolim confestim transferente, Angelus eidem beato Eegulo denuo reuersus est mandatum satis salubre eidem imponens ; beati Andree Apostoli reliquias quas tibi committendas tuli accipies, et electonmi virorum tecum assumes, concionem et vsque ad ipsius mundi partes occi- 376 LEGEND OF ST. ANDEEW. duas transferre non postponas, atqiie A'sque ibi veniens in dicti Apostoli Sanctissimi houorem laudem et gloriam per- petuam ecclesie fundamina jaceas. Erit enim ille locus edificandi adeo electus firmaque et sempiterna et illius regionis sedes caputque et fundamentum. Gloriosus igitur Confessor Eegulus, de tarn ingenti lega- cione eidem celitus commissa, Dominiim nostrum lesum Christum beatum Andream deuotissimis coUaudauit can- ticis et suam legacionem in ipsorum nomine complere exorsus est, cumque duorxim annoriun spacio marinis agi- tatus procellis nauigaret dubius admodum quo velum verteret a Domino, tandem confortatus ipse cum sociis incolumes quarto kal. Octobris, terram Scotorum applicu- erunt; crucisque eodem precedente signaculo nauimque descendermit et porcorum nemoribus primitus aggre- diuntur. Beatus inquam Eegulus ex ipsius summi Dei providen- cia supremeque legacionis sue non immemor, ostenso diui- nitus loco per Angelum beato Andree Apostolo basilicam construere properabat, ac quos secum adduxerat -sdros vbique per reguiun Scocie Pictoram et Britonimi verbum Dei predicandum misit ; et quo facto iunumerabiles ferme populi midtitudines ad fidem Christi perfectam couversi ac in eius nomine per eosdem baptizati variis interim mira- culis ipsius beati Eeguli Lnteruenientibus meritis suffulti et eterna premia eorundem predicacione consecuti sunt. Sed cum beatus Eegulus vnde dictam basilicam suis sumptibus minime construere non liabens, visus est tunc temporis per regem Hiingus, qui Pictis imperabat, angelo- rum super dicti Apostoli reliquias maxima clioruscacio, et dicto Sancto Eegulo et sociis ibidem suo cum exercitu se contulit, et ab eodem cimctis cum ministris baptizatus est, terramque cultam quam copiose in honore beati Andree et beati Eeguli instancia liac die in perpetuum concessit huiusmodi loco, talem imponens titulum hec est ciuitas ciuitatum et mater ecclesiarum et sedes apostolica in omnium Scotonim provincia. Post liec beatus Eegulus in continuis laboribus vigiliis et lugubracionibus variis, quam LEGEND OF ST. ANDREW. 377 strenue die nocteque cum omnium sanctitate, oracione et ieiunio usque ad sue vite sanctissime exitum se exercita- tus est. Sed annorum multitudine vsque ad decrepitiuu perueniens in Dei nomine super ethera celos conscendit et apud Kilremontht digua cum veneracione sepultus re- quiescit. 378 CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS. L. CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS, mcccclxxxij.-mdxxx. MS. BKIT. MUS. BIBL. REG. 17. D. XX. HEIR IS ASSIGNYT YE CAUSE QUHY OUR NATIOUN VAS CALLYT Fi'EST YE SCOTTIS. In ye fyrst it is to be wryttynn yat ye natiounn of Scottis begowthe in ye tymm of Moises, as is contenyt in ye Bibill ; and in yat tymm ye Ethiops warrayt all Egipte wyt cruell weris, for ye quhilk ye Egiptiance callit yair alaye in helpe ye Grekis, yat was alyite yan wyt yamme, as now is in France alyite with as Scoctis ; yir foir ye king of Athenes in Grece, callit Neobns, his sonne Gayelglas, eftir qnhomme oure langage callit is Gayelige, wyt ane gret powere of men in to Egipt, and discumfyt ye Ethiops, and abandonit yamme ay to the tymme yat Moises rase for ye quhilk victory ye king of Egipte gaif his aunly dochtir and heir callit Scota to yis Gayelglas in mariage, of ye quhilk Scota we eftir was callit Scottis, as ye customme was yan to call natioim eftir women, and not eftir mann, as is Asya, AfPrica, and Europa, ye thre pryncipale partis of ye warld. Versus : A Scota nata Pharaonis Eegis Egipti, Ut veteres credunt Scotia nomen habet ; A muliere Scota vocitatur Scotia tota Nomen habet vetito Gathelas ducis adaucto. And sa ye opyuyoun of yamme may not stand yat trowis we comme [from] Brutus, quhilk comme of ye traytouris of CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. 379 Troye, as is weill kennyt, and is contenyt in ye storye of Troye maid be anne clerk callit Gwido de Columpna, bot we ar cuminyn of ye maist werschipful natiounn yat evir was in erd, yat is ye Grekis, on ye mannis side Gayelglas, and of ye Egiptians onn ye womannis side Scota, quhilk was before ye distructioiinn of Troye thre liundir zeire, and sa ye natiounn of Scottis was sa lang before yamme, and ye Grekis was ye maist wirscipfull natioujm yat evir was, for yai haif benne twise conquirit of ye warld be Ercules and Alexandir, and ye Trojance nevir bot at yaire defence, and vincust at ye last, and suppoise of yamme sen synne ar cummyn worthy men zite yan yai ar cummyn of yamm yat baire ye foule surnamme, yat is to say, of Anthenor and Eneas and Helye, quhilk thre procurit ye tresonn of Troye wyt Pelymades in ye losyng of ye Grekis ; and sa wraite ye famous clerc — Grecia cum suis provinciis, regnorum est domina, mUitie nutrix, prophesie omnium scientiarum invictrix, ac magistra, cujus gens bellicosissima dono sapientie et scientie predita, sermone decertissima, legibus subdita pia, circa extraneos pacifica, circa incolas et domesticos quieta, contra hostium injurias nimium intollerabilis et infesta, cujus ydoneum omnium clarius et sonantius est. This forsaid Scota and Gayel war maryite to gyddir in ye tymme yat ye bairnes of Israeli passyt in ye Eeide See, and ye dede of King Pharoo yat govirnyt ye land of Egipte, and, for yai saw ye cruele plage yat comme onne Egipt, yai decretit to pas with yair follt yat yai brot of Grece, and monye of Egipte, for to seik woid landis, and to inhabyte yamme, for he wald not pase in his cimtre aganne as ye maner was yat tymme ; and gyf ony wald saye tyU us yat we ar cummyn of Egipt of ye ta syde quhilk oppressyt ye bairnes of Israeli, argue us not wyt ye werst, for rycht sa comme Christ of ye Jowes. Versus : Sicut spina rosam genuit Judea Mariam. And alsua full worthye men ar cummyn of ye traytouris 380 CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. of Troye, and suppoise yat yai persuyte ye bairnis of Israeli, yai resavyte Christ in to Egipt and nurest him nere sevin zere, qulien ye generatioimn of ye sammyu bairnis persuyt him to ye ded, and at ye last yai crucifyte him. This Gayele and Scota, wyt yair folk, passyt out of Egij^t wyt gret riches and mony schippis, and be ye maist part yai war lordis and gentill men yat passyt wyt yamme ; and first yai arifyt in Aiifrice, and remanyt yarin foiirty zeiris in gret weire and wexatiounn, and be cause yai drecretyt to inhabyt woid landis, as yai consalyt be yir paganu goddis ; and soun eftire yat yai ternyt yin and passyt ye vase of Jubiter, and at ye last yai comme in to Spaynzee and aryfyt in Portingale, ye quhilk has zit ye namnie of Gayele, our foirfadire ; and eftir yat yai comme in to Itavernn of Biscaye, and duelt upoun ye Eyvere of Ibire, quhare he gat onn Scota Iber Scot ; and quhen Iber comme to eild, Gayele send him in yat cuntre, yat now is callit Irland, and fand it vakande, bot of a certanne of Gewictis, ye quhilk he distroyt, and inhabyt yat land, and callit it eftir his modir Scota, Scotia ; ye quhilk it in aid crony clis and storyes is callit Scotia Major to ye tymme yat sum part of ws comme out of it in oure Scotland, yat now is inhybyt, and it was callyt Scotia Minor ; and yan Scotia Major begowth to be callyt Ibernia eftir yis said Iber Scot; and yan oure namme was foundyt and oure land inhabyt lang tymme on to Troye was distroyt, and or Brutus was bornne ; and synne lang eftir yat comme Brutus in our He, and callit it Britan, ye quhilk was nevir callit Bertan, bot to ye Scottis See, and not be northe, and we war nevir subgectis to ye Britonns, no to Eamannis, no to nanne oyir natioimn fra Scottis See northe. Scotia Eomanis vi metu subdita vanis N"on fuit ex uno nee paret imperio. Alsua ye first yat comme of mare Scotland in ye lesse yat now is ouris be ye gi-ace of God was callyt Eathus Eothia, eftir quhomm is callit ye lie and ye castell of Eothissaye, quhilk now is callit Bute eftir Saynte Brandan ; and synne CHRONICLE or THE SCOTS. 381 yir comme aue oyii callit Symon Brieke and inhabyt oure Scotland, or Bruk comme in ye North partis and in ye He; synne comme Bructe and inhabyt ye south partis, and sa remanyt lang tymm tyll ye tymme yat ye Pechtis comme for yai [war] chasyt out of yir awin landis callit Sichia, be ane Prynce of Egipt callit Agenore, and yai in thretye schippis, but wemen, and comme in Scottis Ireland, and askit at yam me land to duell aponn, and yai denyit yamme, hot yai consalyt yamme to pas in our He, ye lesse Scotland, yat was not sa weill inhabytyt as yaire, and yai suld help yamme gyf ony wald agamie stand yamm, and sa yai dide ; and be cause [yai war] all men, and had na wemen, yai gaif yamme wedois and madynnis to mak gene- ratiounn, and ye lufe of ye Pechtis comme be lufe of ye wemen of Scoctis blude, and lang tymme eftir yai comme in oure Scotland and multiplyt greitlye, and begowth to con- tempin oure Scottis yat duelt yir before ; and yis was to Prince of Gret Scotland, and he was greitlye amufyt yir at ; and yan ye kingis sonne, calHt Eerguse Farchare, tuk ane gret powere of menn and comme in oure Scotland and tuke ye crounn of it and brot in ye armis of Scotland, ye quhilk is a reide rampand leonn in ane scheild of gold. Versus : Albioun in terris rex primus germine Scotus Ipsorum ternus rubri tulit arma leonis, Fergusius fulvo Farchare rugentis in arvo Christum tercentis terdenis prefuit aunis. And sen synne failzit nevir king in oure Scotland, to yis day of richt lynne donne to oure Sovirane Lord yat now is king, ye quhilk God kepe, na zit fra Gayele oure fyrst king to ye said Ferguse, ye quhilk nowmir cummis neire to sax scoir of kingis na nevir strangeare rignyt on ws, na zit had dominatiounn. Suppose yat Arthur ye tyran maid were onne ws agane his fayth, and alia for before him foure or fyfe kingis eftir yat ye Eomanns subjeckit ye Britonns, maid aha wyt ws to helpe yamme aganne ye Eomanns, ye quhilk we dide, and eftir had ye wictory agane 382 CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. yamme, and qiiliil had ye were, and sa we occupyt ye Eomanns at we gert yamm byg twa wallis fra ye est see to ye west see to kepe ws fra ye Britonns yat yai sub- jeckit, and we brak yamme ay donne, and slew yir Empriour Severus at Zork, sa ganstude in all thingis Julius Cesar and Claudius, and Waspasius, Empriouris of Eomme, quhilk wald liaf subjeckit ws as yai dide ye Britonns, and for to tell all ye process of yis it war to lang. Bot jds Arthure not gaynstandand yat we and ye Pechtis lielpji; ye Britonns to put out ye Eomanns, he brak his alya on ws, and maid were on ws a quhUe, and tuke ye rewmm of Brytan in dedbete resonne fra richtwis heire, yat is to say, Moldreid and Gawann yat war Loth of Lowdianis sonnys gottyn onn ye Kingis dochtir, and heire of Brytan, ye quhilk was Arthuris sistir, and maryit wyt ye said Loth or Arthure was gottyn, and becaus at ye heire of Brytau was maryit wy tane Scottis man quhen ye Kin- rik wakit, and Arthure was xv. yere aid, ye Brytannis maid him king, be ye devilrie of Merlynge, and yis Arthure was gottyn onn ane oyir mannis wifle, ye Due of Caruele, and sa was Arthure spurius, yat is bastard, and ane hureis sonne, saife revirence, and maid king, but not of law, and Moldreid ye sonne of Loth of Lowdian yat was richtwis heire, he was put by. The said Moldreid, quhen yat Arthure was out of ye cuntre, in his tyraneale, ye estaitis of Br}i;an, and Scottis had him to Loudoun, and crownyt liim king of Brytan, and synne in his richtwis quietlye slew ps Arthure, and he him as ye Brate sais, and ye king of Scotland, yat yan was callyt Govan, send his ost of Scottis men, with Moldreid agane Arthure away be cause of Moldredis richt, and anne ojdr way be cause yat Arthure maid were onn huu, and brak his alia for fra ye Eomanns subjeckit ye Bi-j'tomis, and not ws ye Bry- tannis was contrare, and wald haif put ws out of yis alia, or subject ws as yai war, bot, be ye help of God, we and ye Pechtis gaynstude yamme, sa yat ye Eomanns was faynne to lefe yamm quhen yai and yai maid were on ws thre hundir zeire, sa yat ye Britamiis war oure natm-aU enemys CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS. 383 to ye tymme yai maid alia wyt ws, ye quhilk yis Arthurs brak, bot eftir his dede it was evir weill kepit, and ay trew frendschip betwyx ws and ye Brytannis to yis day, and yir is mekill thing said of yis Arthure, ye quhilk is not such bot fenzit thing yai say yat he slew Stallo, ye king of France, and S"^ Lucius procuratour of Eomme, and in his dais yare was nanne sic, and many oyir lesingis ar maid of him as Maistir Walter Napillis fenzit in his buke of him, callyt Lancilot de Lac, bot all ye storyis of France beris witnes in ye contrare, and in yis cruell were yat we and ye Pechtis maid in cure defence aganne ye Eomanns and Brytannis, quhen ye Eomans and ye Brytannis had maid Vorage, king of Brytannis, yat falsly usurpyt ye crounn of Brytannis, quhen yai myt nocht gaynstand ws, yan callit he in help ye fals Saxionns, ye quhilk wexit oure land mekill before Arthuris dais, ann evir sen synne has remanyt in ye land, and als in ye tymme of Arthure aganne his will, yirfore it is not lyk yat he conquest xxx. kingis yat in his awin myt not put out ye Saxonns, ye quhilk evir maid him were, and quhen ye Saxonns war rutyt in ye laud, and bundyn to ye Brytannis, and swornne falsly, yai brak yare fayth, and rase aganne yamme, and at ye last put yamme out of ye land, of ye quhilk ye pro- ces war lang to wryte, yirfore I maun be schort, and yai may be callyt Serpens in gremio, Mus inpera, Ignis in sinu, and eftir yis yir fell ane discord betuyx ws and ye Pech- tis, and we warrayt on yamme lang tymme, and put yamme out utralye of ye land of Scotland, be oure king, Kenauthe Makalpynn, ye quhilk was donne sewyn bun- dir zeire synne, yat is to say, ye zeire of oure Lord, audit liundir xxx. and od zeiris, and sa remaynit ye Saxonns in ye south, and we in ye north, to ye tymme, yat ye Danys subjeckit ye Saxonns and rygnyt on yamme xx zeire, and synne comme Wylzamm, Bastard of Normondy, ye Duke of Normondis bastard sonne, and put out ye Danys and mony of ye Saxonns, and held ye land zit ye quhilk of grond ryt suld be ye kingis of Scottis be ye ryt of Edmonnd Irnsidis sonnys dochtir, Sanct Mergreit, yat §84 CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. was maryit wyt ye king of Scoctis, callyt Macolm Cham- nar, fi'a ye quliilk yir is discendit lynne be lynne, till oure king yat now is, and yir Edmond Irnsidis was wn- weddit king of Ingland, and it is such yat a bastard may not succeid till heritage, ye heire beand onn lyfe. Alsa, ye Pechtis war put out be Scoctis, and ye Brytannis be ye Saxonns, and synne ye Saxonns and ye Danys be ye bastard of Normondi, and sa remanys ye He alannly occupyt now be ye Scoctis men in Scotland, and wyt Nor- manns and Inglis menn ra Ingland to yis day, suppose yat Scotland was lang tynune wexit wyt were of divers natiounn[s], yat is to say, Eomanns, Brytannis, Saxonns, Danys, Norweis, Pechtis, Gotis, and Inglis men, nevir ye les yai war put out evir be Scoctis, be cruele force of batell, and be na mornen slepis. Post Brytones Moricos Adacos Pictos Anglosque, Nee non Eomanos belli sudor repulses, Nobniter Scoti jus tenuere suimi. Sa yat we may say yis day in veryte yat yir is na land, no na natiounn sa fre fra begynnyng of ye warld, na has standyn sa lang tymme in fredomme as has ye Scottis, for yai hafe beynne xviij. hundir zeiris and mare unconquest, and nevir was subjeckit to na natiounn or king to yis day, bot evir undir our awin king of oure awia blude be ryt lynne discendand fra oure first king Eerguse before said to him yat now rygnys, quhome God keip, and gyf yir fals Inglis men wald say yat sum tymme oure king aliyt to yare IngUs king, and maid fewtee to yamme gyf yat be such, it was not fore 3'e kinryk of Scotland, ye quhilk ye worthye king of Scottis briikit of ryt wise tytiU mony zeire before yat, Inglis menn or Biyt-annis comme in yis He, bot for ye landis yat yai held of hun in Ingland, ryt as ye Inglis king held and suld hald of ye king of France ye land yat he has and had in France. Alsa, gyf any of yamme wald say yat France has standyn lang tym imconquest, it is Weill wrytynn be aid Croniclis yat Gallica, yat now is callyt France, was lang tymme tributaris to Eomanns, and CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. 385 war kingis of it, and sen synne comme dounne ye Tranche king, and optenyt France, bot wyt in yir thousand zeris, ye storye here of war lang to rehers, and of oyir natiounis, subjectionis, and conquestis, and changis of kingis, ye quhilk I couth schaw and I had tynun and oportunyte. Alsa, ze sail wit yat of yis thousand and viij. hundir zeris yat we Scottis has rignyt in yis land, we war never thre hundir zere in pese, bot ay presyt wyt ye nationis befor said, and langast wyt yir Eomannis, now caUand yamme Inglis menn, and yis foresaid land caUyt Anglia, is said fra a cuntre in Almanze, callyt Angulus, of ye quhilk sum tymme yai war callyt Anglici or Anguli, fra Angulo. Sed Veritas non qua'rit A^igulos juxta vcritatem Evangelii, yir for yai may nevir be trew yat comme fra Angulo, and now ye Eomans has tanne yair namme and yare falsched to gyddir, and it is na wondir for yir king is cummyn dounne lynne be lynne fra ye Devill as aid cronyclis of Ingland beris witnes, callyt Policroniconn. It beris witnes of Henry ye secund, yat slew Sanct Thomas of Cantirbery, yat was ye Emprice sonne, ye quhilk Emprice was weddit wyt ye Erie of Angeaun, and he gat onn hir yis Henry ye tyraud, ye quhilk Erie was ye secund fra ye DevUl as aid croniclis beris witnes, and all ye kingis of Ingland sen synne ar cummyn of yat progenye, and ye manere heire of is oure lang to tell, and in ye sammyn croniclis of Ingland, it is said yat yis Henry, quhen he was zingir and nurysyt vryi ye king of France, Sanct Bar- nard maid prophesie of liim and said : A Diaholo existi et ad Biaholum ibis, and suppose yat yai dispysit ws oftymme in yare colatounis, zit at ye last as yir awin croniclis beris witnes, we may say such of yamme, bot not alannly yis, bot ane oyir hundir thingis, ye quhilk I couth schaw, bot it war lang to wryt as now and trestis hardily yat yis is ye manere of yamme, yat quhare evir yai mak straitast oblysing of fayt and pese yai dissaife erast for sikkirly yai kepe nevir such langir yan yai may see ane opynn tymme, and a wantage and coulouris all yir deidis wyt solphestry, and exquesyt fals fenzit coulouris, and yis 2 B 386 CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS. yai did evir all tymine till ws, ye quhilk yai suld not half donne, and yai had beynne trewe, for we gaif yamme first Christyndomme, and fayt and doctrynne of Haly Kirk, for we war Clirystynyt before yamme, foure hundir Scotland was zeire and maire. Yersus : Christinyt be- fore iiig''^i'fi Christi transactis tribus annis atque ducentis ieiris and mair. Scotla catholicam cepit inire fidem. And for all yis yai kepyt till ws ye kjradnes yat ze knowe, and in ye revengeance of yare falslied ye king of Scottis Gregour subjeckit yamme to ye watir of Temys maire yane xxx. ye quhilk yare awin croniclis sais, callyt Wilzamm Mamrenence, sayand yis. Magna pars Danys datur, sed maxima Scotis, Et pars Affrido Eegi sic parva remansit. Sic as yir I fynd in yare awin bukis, ye quhilk is ye maire aiitentice aganne yamme. Here fouiioms Era ye begynnyng of ye warld onne to Christ was v. wardiii'fra ^^ thousand a hundip foure score and xix. zeris, fra Adam to h?cl?il^tione*of '^®^ *^^ thousand twa hundir and xlij. zeris. The thred Crist. fra Abraham to Moisen was fife hundir zeir and fife. The ferd fra Moises to David foure hundir score of zeris. The fift fra David to ye transmigratiounn fife hundir and xij. zeris. The sext fra ye transmigratiounn to Christ fife hundir and xviij. zeris. Scottis men. — The first Scottis men was foure thousand thre hundir and xv. zeris fra ye begynnyng of ye warld. Eomme was byggyt eftir ye begynnyng of ye warld be twa breyir, Eemus and Eomulus, foure thousand twa hundir and xviii. zeris, and it had in cumpas lij. hundir myle and thre hundir and Ix. towris. Alex'' conquest ye warld fra ye begynnyng of it foure thousand and nynne hundir zeris. Julius Cesar conquest ye warld fra ye be- gynnyng of it, all bot Scotland, fife thousand a hundir nynne and thretty zeris. . " ^ Sic. CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS. 387 Yir thingis before wrytynne was all before ye Incarna- tiounn, and it yat foUowis was eftir j^e Incarnatiounn. The saxtyt and tend zeir eftir ye Incarnatiounn of ye Lord, Jerusalem was distroyit be Titus and Waspasiauus. The zeir of God thre hundir and xij. zeris, Constantynn first relesyt Haly Kirk. The zere of God foure huiidir xxxiij. Haly Palladius prechit ye fayth to Scottis men, quliUk yai kepyt to yis day. The zere of God four hundir xxxiiij. zeris, Sanct Patrice prechit ye faith to Irlandis menu. The zere of God foure hundir liiij. zeris, ye Saxonns, quhUk ar now calHt Inglis men, wyt yare dukis Horse and Hengest, comm in Brytan, qubare yan riguyt Vorti- gern king, and in yat tymme was Merlyn. The zere of God fife hundir and xv. zeris, Sanct Augus- tynne was send in Inglaud to preche ye fayth to yamme. The zeire of God sevynn hundir Ixj. ye relikis of Sanct The reiikis of Androw ye Apostle com in Scotland. tn^^ittZt. The zere of God sevyn hundir and foure score, gret ''""i- Charlis wan Spanze, France, and Galice fra ye Sarazenns. The zere of God a thousand Ixvj. zeris, Malcolm, ye sonne of Duncan, tuke ye rewmm of Scotland in Heritage, and rignyt xxxvj. zeris. The zere of Christ a thousand Ixvj. Mergret ye Quvenne was spowsyt wyt Malcolm, and gat on hir vi. sounys, Edward, Edgare, Edmund, Etheldred, Alex'', and David, and twa dochtiris. Maid, Quvenne of Inglaud, and Marie, Cowntasie of Balanne. The zeire of God a thousand a hundir and viij. zeris, Edgar, sonn to ye said Malcolm, in heritage tuke ye kinrik of Scotland and rignyt ix. zeris. The zeire of God a thousand a hundir and [x]vij. zeris, Alex'', broyir to ye said Edgare, tuke ye kinrik be succes- sioun and rignyt xvij. zeris, and he in ye sewynt zere of his rigne foundyt Sconne, ye abbay. The zeire of God a thousand a himdir and vj. zeris, xwa monis twa monys was senne in ye lyft. ''>'°' '" ^'^ '>'*'• 388 CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. The zeire of God aiie thousand a hundir and xxiiij. zeris, yis Alex'' ye sonne of Macolm discesyt, and yat sammyn zere David, his broyir, tuke ye kinrik. The zere of God a thousand a hundir xxxvj. zeris, yis David, king, foimdyt ye abbay of Mekose. The zere of God of a thousand ane hundir xlij. zeris, yis King David foundyt ye abbay of Nowbatile, and in ye nixt zere folowand, he foundyt ye abbay of Jedward. The zeire of God a thowsand a hundir and 1. zeris, he foundyt ye abbay of Homeolens' and Kynlose. The zeire of God ane thousand ane hundir liij. King David discesyt at Carlele, and to hiin succedyt Macolm, j'e Sonne of Henry Erie of Huntyngtoiinn, sonn to ye fore said king, King Davy, quhilk in ye zere of God a thou- sand a hundir ixj. foundyt ye gret kirk of Sanct Androis Bischop Arnaid. in ye tymme of Arnald, Bischope of ye sannnyn, quhilk alsa ye zere of God a thousand a hundir liiij. foundyt ye abbay of Cowpir, and in j'e nixt zere folowand discesyt ; and he rignyt xij. zeris, and to liim succedyt Wyllzamm, his broyir. Sane Thomas The zerie of God a thousand a hundire Ixx. Sanct Thomas of Cantirbery r ry j.- i • i -x vos mirtyrit. of Cantirbery was mirtyrit. The zere of God a thousand ij. hundir, Ingland and Walice war intirdytyt for yir trespas vj. zeris, and ay sen synne yai ar tributaris to ye Pope for yir relescliing. Tlie zeire of God a thousand ij. hundir, and xvij. zeris. King Wilzamme discesyt, and he rignyt lij. zeris. The zere of God a thousand ij. hundir and xlj. deyt King Alex"^ ye secund, yat rignji; xxxij. zeris. The zere of God a thousand ij. hundir, and xliiij. zeris, Frederic ye Emperour be Innocence ye Pape was put dounn. King Aiexr, ye The zeir of God a thousand ij. hundir and Ixxx. King seeund, descesit Alex'' ye [sone of Alex'' ye] secund descesyt at Kingornne. at mgornn. rpj^^ ^^^^^ ^^ q^^ ^ thousand ij. hundir and x[c]ij. zeire, wos Jut'outh 0° Jlionne of Balyole was maid king at Sconne. Scotland. The zeire of God a thousand ij. hundir x[c]vj. zeris, ye Inglis menu was put out of Scotland, and ye batell of CHEONICLE OF THE SCOTS. 389 Diinbar was strykyn, and yat sammyn zere was strikyn ye batell at ye bryg of Stirlyng. The zere of God a thousand ij. hundir and x[c]vij. zeris, ye batell of ye Fawkirk was strykyn at ye fest of Sanct Mare Magdaleine. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and twa zere, strikyn was ye batell of Eosslyn. The zeire of God a thousand iij. hundir and ij. zere, The ded of WUzamme Wallace was slanne, and King Eobert ye Broice slew ye Cummyn. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and vj. zeris, Eobert Robert Bruce Broice was maid king at Sconne ye vij. callend of AprUe, ""*' '°^' and ye sammyn zere was strikin ye batell of Mechwjmn and ye discumfyt of Dalrye in ye partis of Argyle. The zere of God ane thousand iij. hundir and xiiij. zeris, was strykyn ye batell of Bannokburn in ye fest of Sanct Banokbume. Johnne ye Baptiste, quhare oure aid enemys gat a gret fall. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and xviij. zeris, ye greit kirk of Sanct Androis was hallowyt. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and xx. zeris, haldyn was ye Blak Parliament at Perth. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and xxix. zeris. Bang Eobert ye Broice discesyt ye vij. day of Jime. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and xxx. zeris. King Davy was crownyt in ye vii. zere of his eld ye King David xxiij. day of November, and ye nixt zere folowand was ^*° ^rownit. strykyn ye batell of Duplyn and ye batell of Annad. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and xxxiij. zeris, was strikyn ye batell of Holdounn Hill. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir xliij. zeris, was strikyn ye batell of Duramm at ye fest of Sanct Luce. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and 1. zeris, was ye first mortalite. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundyr and Iv. zeris, was ye brynt Candilmes. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir Ixvj. zeris, was ye coronatiounn of King Eobert Stewart ye xvij. day of Marche. 390 CHRONICLE OF THE SCOTS. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and Ixij. zere, was ye second mortalite. The zere of God a thousand iii. hundir and Ixx. zeris, King David ye Broice discesit. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and Ixxviij. zeris, was ye gret divisioun in Haly Kirk begunyynn. The zere of God a thousand iij. hundir and Ixxx. zeris, was ye thrid mortalyte. The zeire of God a thousand iij. hundir and Lxxxv. zeris, was ye cummyng of Eranche men in Scotland. The cummyng Tlie zeire of God a thousand' iij. hundir and Ixxxviij. menn. zeris, was strykin ye battle of Otirburnu. The zere of God ane thousand iij. hundir, foure score and ix. zeris, was ye disces of King Eobert Stewart. The zeire of God a thousand iij. hundir boac. and xviij. zeris, was ye batell of Sanct Jonstounn xxx. for xxx. APPENDIX. PASSAGES FROM THE OEIGINES OF ISIDORUS HISPALENSIS, ILLUSTRATIVE OF PICTISH CHRONICLE. fecOTi^ propria lingua nomen habent a picto corpore, eo quod aculeis fevreis cum atramento variarum figurarum stigmate annotentur^ (Lib. ix. ij. 103). In parte AsiaticEB Scytise gentes, quse posteros se lasonis credunt, albo crine nascuntur ab assiduis nivibus ; et ipsius capilli color genti nomen dedit, et inde dicuntur Albani :' Horum glauca oculis, id est, picta inest pupLUa, adeo ut nocte plus quam die cernant. Albani autem vicini Amazonibus fuerunt (Lib. ix. ij. 65). Gothi a Magog filio Japheth nominati putantur, de simUitudine ultirase sillabfe ; quos veteres magis Getas, quam Gothos, vocaverunt. Gens fortis et potentissima, corporum mole ardua, armorum genere terribiUs. De quibus Lucanus, Hinc Dacus premat, inde Getes occurrant Iberis. Daci autem Gothoriim soboles fuerunt ; et dictos putant » The " Pictish Chronicle" reads Picti for Scoti. 2 The "Pictiah Chronicle" in- serts here the following passage, the words in italics being taken from Nennius : " Scotti qui nunc " corrupte vocantur Hibernienses " quasi Sciti, quia a Scithia regioue " venerunt, et inde originem cluxe- " runt ; sine a Scotta filia Pharao- " nis regis Egypti, que fuit ut " fertur regina Scottorum. Scien- " dum vero est quod Britones in '* tertia mundi etate ad Britanniavi " veneruttt. Scite autem, id est, " Scotti, in quarta etate Scociam, " siite Hiherniam oblinuerunt." ' The " Pictish Chronicle" in- serts here : De quibus originem duxerunt Scoti et Picti. , 394 PASSAGES FEOM THE ORIGINES Dacos, quasi dagos, quia de Gothorum stirpe creati sunt : de quibus ille, Ibis arctoos procul usque Dacos (Lib. IX. ii. 89). Magog a quo arbitrantur Scythas et Gothos originem traxisse (Lib. ix. ii. 27). Scythia, sicut et Gothia, a Magog filio Japhet fertur congnomiuata : cujus terra olitn fuit ingens ; nam ab oriente India, a septentrione, per paludes Mceotidas, inter Danubium et oceanum, usque ad Germaniae fines porrige- batur. Postea vero minor effecta a dextra orientis parte qua oceanus Syricus tenditur, usque ad mare Caspium, quod est ad occasum, dehinc a meridie usque ad Caucasi jugum deducta est; cui subjacet Hircania ab occasu habens pariter multas gentes, propter terrarum infecundi- tatem late vagantes. Ex quibus qusedam agros incolunt ; qusedam portentuose ac truces, carnibus humanis, et eorum sanguine, vivunt. Scythise plures terras sunt locupletes, inhabitabiles tamen plures. Nam dum in plerisque locis auro et gemmis affluunt ; gryphonmi immanitate accessus hominum rarus est. Smaragdis autem optimis hsec patria est. Cyaneus quoque lapis, et crystallus purissLmus Scythise est. Habet et flumina magna, Moshoram, Phasi- den, atque Araxen (Lib. xiv. iii. 31). Prima pars Europse regio Scytbia inferior, quae a Mceo- tidis paludibus incipiens inter Danubium et oceanum septentrionalem, usque ad Germaniam porrigitur; qu^ terra generaliter propter barbaras gentes quibus inhabitatur bar- barica dicitur. Hujus pars prima Alania est, qu^ ad Meotidas paludes pertingit. Post banc Dacia, ubi et Gothia, deinde Germania, ubi plurimam partem Suevi incolue- runt (Lib. xiv. iv. 3). In parte Asiaticse Scythise gentes quse posteros se Jasonis credunt : albo crine nascuntur ab assiduis nivibus^ (Lib. IX. ii. 65). ' The " Pictish Chronicle" ter- minates here the introduction with the words : De his ista sufficiunt. The passages from Isidorus which are added are not in the " Pictish " Chronicle." OF ISIDORUS HISPALENSIS. 395 LIB. XIX. CAPUT XXIII.— DE VESTIBUS QUARUNDAM GENTIUM. 1. Quibusdam autem nationibus sua cuique propria vestis est, iit Parthis sarabarse, Gallis lenae, Germanis rhe- nones, Hispanis stringes, Sardis mastrucae. 6. Dignoscuntur et gentes ita habitu, siciit et Lingua discordes. Persse brachia et crura linamentis, caput tiara tegunt. Eminent apicibus fastigiatis Alani; horrent et male tecti cum latratoriis Unguis Scotti ; sagati sunt Alemanni ; liateati Indi ; gemmati Persje ; sericati Seres ; pharetrati Armenii. 7. Nonnullse etiam gentes non solum in vestibus, sed etiam in corpore aliqua sibi propria, quasi insignia vindi- cant, ut videmus cirros Germanorum, granos et cinnabar Gothorum, stigmata Britonum. Circumcidunt quoque Judsei prseputia ; pertimdunt Arabes aures ; fiavent capiti- bus intectis Getae; nitent Albani albentibus crinibus. Mauros habet tetra nox corporum ; Gallos Candida cutis, sine equis inertes exstunt Alani ; uec abest genti Pictorum nomen a corpore, quod minutissimis opifex acus punctis, et expressus nativi gramiius succus illudit, ut has ad sui specimen cicatrices ferat, pictis artubus maculosa nobilitas. 396 IRISH VERSION OF PICTISH CHRONICLE. II. IRISH VERSION OF PICTISH CHRONICLE. MS. TEIN. COLL. DFEL. H. 3. 17. KjndthTie mac Cinge patar Pictorum habidann in aca insola c. annis renebait ; ^nj. meic ro teacht ; ate ami so a n^anmaiid .i. Fib, Fidach, FoUlaig, Fortrend, Caitt, Ce, Circing?" Circin Ix. annais regnau[it]. Fidach xl. annis r[egnauit]. Fortrend xL annis r[egnauit]. Foltlaid XXX. a[nnis] r[eguauit]. Gatt xij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Ce xij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Fidbaiid xxiiij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Geide Ollgothach bcxx. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Oenbegan a[nnis] r[egnauit]. OUfinachta Ix. a[nnis] r[egnaiut]. Gxiidedh Gaeth Breatnach 1. a(nnis] r[egnauit]. Geascuirti. TE.'VNSLATION. " Cniithne, son of Cing, pater Pictorum hahitantium in lute insula c. annis regnabat. He had seven sons. These are their names, viz., Fib, Fidach, Foltlaig, Fortrenn, Caitt, Ce, Circing. IRISH VERSION OF PICTISH CHRONICLE. 397 Bont . . . XXX. and uad ■y Bruige ha h-ainm do gach aen fear 7 renaiierunt Hiberniam "j Alboniam per cl an. uit inuenitur i leahraib na Cruithneach. Bruide Pante ainm in ced Bruide.^ Bruide Urpante. Bruige Leo. Bruigi Gant. Bruide Gund. Bruige Urgann. Bruide Urgaint. Bruigi Fet. Bruide Urfexu-. Bruigi Feoir. Bruigi CaL Bruigi Ureal. Bruigi Cint. Bruigi Arcint. Bruigi Fet. Bruigi Urfet. Bruigi Ru. Biiiigi Eru. Bruigi Gart. Bruigi Cinit. Bruigi Cind. Bruigi Uip. Bruigi Uirup. Bruigi Gruith. Braigi Urgi-ith. Bruigi Munait. Bruigi Ur. Bruigi Gidgie. Bruisi Crin. ^ Bont, . . . thirty of them thenceforth, and Bruige was the name of each man of them, et regnaverunt Hiberniam et Albaniam per cl, annos ut invenitur in the books of the Cruithneach. Bruide Pante was the name of the first Bruide. 398 lEISH VEESION OF PICTISH CHEONICLE. Bruigi Urcrin. Bruige Urmain. Eegnauerunt cl. ann[os] ut diximus 7 rohai Alba cen rig fria re uile co h-aimsir Gud cet rig ro gab Albain uile tri comairli no ar eigin. Atberait arailc comad h-e Catluan mac Caitming no gabad rige ar eigin i Cruitlieantuaith Y a n-Erind .i. Ix. bliadain ij iarsin ro gab Gud .i. l." Taram c. aii[iiis] regnauit. Morleo a xij. a[unis] re[gnauit]. Deocillimon xl. aii[nis] regnauit. Cimoiod mac Airtcois vij. a[miis] r[egnauit]. Deort 1. a[iims] r[eguauit]. Blieblitli v. a[iinis] r[egnauit]. Deototreic f rater Tui xl. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Usconbest xx. a[nnis] r[eguauit]. Crutbolc vij. a[unis] r[egnauit]. Deordiuois xx. a[nnis] regn[amt]. Uist I annos r[egiiauit]. Eu c. aii[nis] r[egnauit]. Gartnait iiij. ix. a[niiis] re[gnauit]. Breth mac Bviithed vij. a[ams] r[egnauit]. Uipo ignauit xxx. Canatulacma iij. annis r[egnaiiit]. Uradach uetla ij. a[iiiiis] r[egnaiut]. Gartnait duipeir Ix. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Tolorc mac Aithiuir Ixxv. Drust mac Erp c. regnauit j c. catha ro gein.^ Nono decimo anno reigni eius Patricius Sanctus Episcopus ad Hiberniam peruenit. Tolorc mac Aniel iiij. a[nnis] r[egnaxiit]. ° Regnaverunt cl. annos ut diximus, and Alban was without a king all along, until the time of Gud, the first king that pos- sessed all Alban by consent or by force. Others say that it was Cathluan, son of Caitming, who possessed the kingdom by force n Cruithentuaith, and in Erin for sixty years, and that after him succeeded Gud for fifty. ^ And gained a hundred battles. lEISH VERSION OF PICTISH CHRONICLE. 399 Nectan mor breac mac Eirip xxxiiij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Tertio anno regni eius Darlugdach Abbatista Cille- dara de Aberniam axulat pro Christo ad Britiniam. Proximo* anno aduenitus tui immolaueit Nectonnius anno imo Apuirnige Deo 7 Sanctaae Brigitea preseute Darluigdeach que cantauit All[eluia] super istam. Dartguitiimoth xxx. a[nnis] reg[nauit]. Galamarbith xv. a[nnis] reg[nauit]. Da Drerst .i. Drest fi[lius] Budros xv. annis reg[na]ue- runt.^ Derst fi[lius] Girum solus v. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Galum cenamlapeh iiij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Gartnait fi[lius] Girom uij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Cailtaine fi[lius] Girom anno r[egnauit]. Talorg f[ilius] Murtolic xj. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Drest fi[lius] Manaith uno a[nno] r[egnauit]. Cum Brideno i. anno. Bruide mac Maeleon xxx. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. In ochtaauuo anno regni eit baibtizatus est e Sancto Columba. Gartnait f[ilius] Domnaeh xj. a[niiis] r[egnauit]. Neachtan nepo[s] Uerp xx. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Cinlioint f [iUus] Luitriu xix. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Gartnait mac Uiud v. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Tolorc frater eorum duodecim a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Tolorcan f [ilius] Enfret iiij. Gartnairt f [ilius] Donuel vj. a[nnis] r[egnauit] 7 deimi- dium anni. Druse frater eius vij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Bride f [ilius] Fie xx. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Taran f [ilius] Enfidaid iiij. Brei f[ilius] Deirilei xj. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Nechtan f[ilius] Deirile x. a[unis] r[egnauit]. Drest y Elf)en conneganaueint v. a[nnis] r. ' This is a contraction in the original text, proximo is evidently the word meant. 2 This is a contraction, but tierunt seems meant. 400 IRISH VERSION OF PICTISH CHRONICLE. Onbes f [iliiis] Urgust xxx. a[niiis] r[egnauit]. Breite f [ilius] Uugut xv. a[nnis] ifegnauit]. Ciniod f [ilius] luuredeg xv. a[nnis] ifegnauit]. Alpin f[ilius] Uuoid iij. annis regnauit 7 dimidon regni. Drest f[ilius] Tolorcan i. a[nno] ifeguauit]. Talorcan f[ilius] Drostan uel v. deg. Talorcen f[ilius] Onust xij. 7 dimidoia a[nnis] ifeg- nauit]. Canul f [ilius] Tang. v. annis ifegnauit]. Cuastantin f[ilius] Uurguist xxxv. Uidnust f[ilius] Uurgust xij. an[nis] ifegnauit]. Drost f [ilius] Consatiii ^ Tolorc f [ilius] Uuthoil iij. a[nnis] r. conregnauerunt. Uuen f [ilius] Unest iij. Urad f[Llius] Bargoit iij. afnuis] 7 Brod 1? a[nno] ifeg- nauit]. Cinaed f [ilius] Ailpin xvj. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. DomnaU f [ilius] Ailpin iiij. ifegnauit] 7. Custantin f[ilius] Ciuaeda xx. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Aed f [ilius] Cinaed 1? a[nno] ifegnauit]. Girig mac DungaUe xj. uel iij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Domnall f [ilius] Cousantin xj. a[uni3] ifegnauit]. Constautin f [ilius] Aed xlv. a[nnis] ifegnauit]. Maelcolaim f [lUus] Domnall ix. a[nnis] ifegnauit], Ouilein f[ilius] Ildoilb f[ilii] Constandtin iiij. a[nnis] r[egnauit]. Cinaed uel Dub f[ilius] Maelcolaim vij. a[unis] ifeg- nauit]. Culein L dimidoin ifegnauit]. Cinaed f [ilius] Duib oc7; A battle was gained by Aedh AUan, son of Fergal, over Flaithbhertach sou of Loingsech, king of Eriu, so that Flaith- bhertach brought a fleet out of Fortrenn, to assist him against the Cinel Eoghan. The greater part of that fleet was, liowever, drowned. 2 C 402 FROM FRAGMENTS OF IRISH ANNALS. B. 669 Kal. Cuimin Fionu Abbas lae quieuit. 678 Kal. Cath Duinloclm. Cath Liagmaolain. Catk i. Calatros in quo uictus est Dombnall breac.° Quies Failbe Ab lae. 6b3 Kal. Adanman do gdbail ahdaine lae. 686 Kal Domnall breac mac Eachach buidhe mor- tuus est. 687 Kal. Cath Duinneachtain ittir mac Ossa J Bruite mac Bile uictor fiiit.'^ 693 KaL Briiide mac Bile ri Foirtreau moritur. 704 Mors Flaimi Fiona mic Ossa ri Saxan, in tegnaidh amhra, dalta Adamnain, de quo Riaguil Bemicuir cecinit. Iniu /eras Bruide cath, in forba a senathar, Manad algas la mac De, conide ad genathar Initt ro hith mac Ossa a ccathfria claidhme glasa Cia do rada aitrige, is hi ind hi iar nassa. Iniu ro hith mac Ossa, las ambidis duba deoga Ro cuala Crist «?• n-guidhe roisaorhiit Bruide hregha^ B. •= Battle of Dunlocha. Battle of Liagmaolan. Battle in Calathros iu 'which Donald Bree was defeated. ^ Battle of Dunnicheu, between the son of Ossa, and Bruide, son of BOe, who conquered. "^ The death of Flann Fiona, son of Ossa, king of Saxonland, the famous wise man, the pupil of Adamnan, of whom Riagal of Bangor sung : This day Bruide fights a battle for the land of his grandfather. Unless the son of God wish it otherwise, he will die in it, To-daj' the son of Oswy was killed in a battle with green swords. Although he did penance, he shall lie in Hi after his death ; This day the son of Osv.y was killed, who had tlie black drink, Christ heard our supplications, they spared Bruide the brave.' • These lines are obviously mis- placed, anil belong to the previous entry in 687. The dc.itU of Kia- gal of Bangor is recorded by the Four Masters in SSI. FEOM FEAGjMENTS OF lEISH ANNALS. 403 70-1 Ba 7narhh d7io Adhamhnan sin hhliaghainsi Ixxxiij? setatis suae.* 852 Kal. Indrechtach Ab la do thiachtain i n-Eirinn go mionnaibh Goloimcille lais. Cath no thdbhairt d-Aodh do righ Ailigli A. don rigli as f err engiiamh na aimsir, do loingius na n-Gall n- Oaoidheal .i. Scuit tad fj daltai do Normannoibh iad y tan ann ad herar cid Normainnigh friu. Maidhidh forra re n-Aodh agus cuirthear a n-deargar na n- Gall n-Gaoidheal fj cinn imdha do hhreith do Niall his, ij ra dhligJisiot na h-Eirennaigh an marbhadh soin, uair amhail do nidis na Lochlannaigh do nidissiomh.° 858 Kal. Ra chuaidh Maoilseachlainn don Mumhain, go rabha re re mis og ionnradh Mumhan ann Eim- ligh go ttug braiglule Mumluin o Comur tri n-uisge go hinnsi Tarbhna iar n-Eirinn. Cath Cairn Lugli- dhach sain. Is in cath soin ro marbhadh Maolcroin mac Muircdaig leithrigh na n-Deisi.^ ' Adamnan died in the eighty-third year of his age. 0. s Indrechtach, abbot of la, came to Erin with the relics of Colum- chille. A battle given by Aedh, king of Ailech, the most valiant king of his time, to the fleet of the Gallgael. They were Scots and foster-cliildren of the Northmen, and at one time used to be called Northmen. They were defeated and slain by Aedh, and many of their heads carried off by Niall with him, and the Irish were justified in committing this havoc, for these men were wont to act like Lochlauns. ^ Maelsechlan proceeded into Mimster, and remained for the space of a month at Emly plundering Munster, aud he obtained the hostages of Munster from the meeting of tlie three waters to Inistarbhna, in the west of Erin. This was the battle of Carn 404 EEOM FEAG]\IENTS OF lEISH ANNALS. Gen go ttiosadh Maoilseachlann an turns so do ghahhail righe Mumhan do fein, rdbo thuidheachta do marhhad an ro viharhadh do Ghallghaoidhealaibh ann, ^lair daoine iar ttrcgadh a m-haiste iadsaidhe <1 adhertais Normannaigh frm, uair hes Normannach aca, J a n-altrum forra fj gcr ho olc na Nm-man- naigh hunaidh do na h-Eglaisihh ha mesa go mor iadsaidhe i. an lucht sa, gach corair for Eirinn a m hidis} Maidm re Cerhhall mac Dunlaing y re Niar fo Ohallghaoidhealaihh i n-Aradhaihh Tire} 858 Kal. Cionaodli mac Ailpin rex Pictorum moritur ; conadh do ro raidheadh an rami. Nad mair Cionaodh go lion sgor, Fo dhera gol in gach taigh Aon ri a loghafo nimh, Go hrvAnne Romha ni hhfail.^ 862 Donmall mac Ailpin rex Pictorum moritvir. 869 Millcadh 'j innrcdh Foirtrenn la LocMannaihh go Lugdach. lu this battle was slain Maelcron, son of Muredag, half king of the Deisi. ' Though Maelsechlan had not come on this expedition to take the kingdom of Munster to himself, he ought to have come to kill all the Gallgael who were kUled there, for they were a people who had renounced their baptism, and they were usually called Northmen, for they had the customs of the Northmen, and had been fostered by them, and though the original Northmen were bad to the churches, these were by far worse in whatever part of Erin they used to be. J A victory gained by Cerball, son of Dunlang, and by Niar, over the GaUgael in Aradhtire. ^ On whom this verse was composed. That Cinaed with the number of studs liveth not, Is the cause of weeping in every house. Any one king under heaven of his work, To the borders of Rome there is not. FEOM FRAGMENTS OF lEISH ANNALS. 405 riujsat hraighde ionida leo i n-gill re cios ; ro has go fada iarttain ag tabhairt ciosa dhoihh} 869 Kal. Ceallach mac Ailella Ab. Cilledara j Ab. lae dormiuit in regione Pictorum. Tuathal mac Artgossa prim epscop Foirtrenn j Ab. Duin-Caillenn moritur. 870 Is in bliadhain ri do ronsad na rigli Lochlann forhaisi for Sraithduaide i m-hrcathnaibh ; re cethre miosaibh ag forhaisi doibh fuirrc,fa deoigh thra iar fforrach an lochia ro bhaoi inntc do gliorta 7 d- iotaidh, ar ttraghadh go hiongnaidh an tobair ro bhaoi acca ar medlion : ro cuas forro iaiTtain. Rugadh tra ar tus gach maithius ro hhui innte. Rugadh slogh mor eiste i m-hraidJ^ 871 Amhlaoibh j Imar do thoidhccht aridhsi a h- Albain go h-Atheliath 7 brad mor Bretan 7 Alban Y Saxon leo, da died long a lionP- 909 As beg nach is na laithihhsi ro cuirsed Foirtren- naigh 7 Lochlonnaigh cath. As cruaidh imurro ro cuirsiot fir Alban an cath so, uair baoi Columcille ag congnamh leo, uair ro ghuidhsoid go diochra e, uair ha he a 7i-apstol e'^ as trid ro ghabhsad creidemh. ' Fortren was plundered and ravaged by the Lochlans, and they carried off many hostages with them as pledges for tribute, and they were paid tribute for a long time after. ™ In this year, the king of Lochlan laid siege to Strathclyde in Britain, and they continued tlie siege for four months. At length, however, after having wasted the people who were in it by hunger and thirst, having wonderfully drawn off the well they had within, they entered upon them. At first, they carried oft' aU the riches that were within it, and afterwards, a great host of prisoners were brought into captivity. " Amhlaebh and Imar came again from Alban to Athcliath, having a great number of prisoners, both Britons and Albans and Saxons. Two hundred ships was their number. ° Almost at the same time, the men of Fortrenn and the Loch- lanns fought a battle. Vigorously, indeed, did the men of Alban fight this battle, for Columcille was a.ssisting them, for they 406 FROM FRAMGENTS OF IRISH ANNALS. JJ air f edit oile anuair ro baoi Imar Coming na giolla og >j tainig d-inredh Alhan, tri catha mora a lion, asedh da ronsadjir Alban eidir laoch j cleirech, bheith go maidin i n-aoine j a n-iornaidhe ra Dia 7 ra Colamcille 'j cighme moi'a do dcnamh ris in Choimdhedh, "j almsana iomhda hidh j edaig do thabhairt dona lircgalsaibh 7 do na bochtaibh 7 corp an Glwimdlicdli do chaitJiem allamlmibh a sagart 7 geallaidh gach maithiiisa do ghenamh amail as ferr no ioralfaidis a cdeirigh forra y comadh eadh ba meirge dJioibh i gccnn gadi catha, bachall Colaim- cille, gonadh aire sin adberas Gathbhuaidh fria sin alle ; 7 ba hainm coir, uair is minie rugsadsomh buaidh a ccatJiaibh le ; amhail do ronsat iaram an tan sin dola a muinighin Colaimcille. Bo ronsaid an modh ccdna an tan sa. Ra cuiriodh iaramh an cathsa go cruaidh feocliair ; rugsad na li-Albanaigh buaidh 7 cosgar ; ro marbhaid imurro na Lochlon- naigh go h-iomdha ar maidhmforra f marbhtJiar a prayed to him fervently, because he was their apostle, and it was through him they had received the faith. On a former occasion, when Imhar Conung was a young man, he came to plunder Alban with three large battalions. What the men of Alban, both laity and clergy, did, was to remain until morning fasting and praying to God and to Columcille, and they cried aloud to the Lord, and gave many alms of food and clothes to the churches and to the poor, and to take the body of the Lord from the hands of the priests, and to promise to do every good as their clergy would order them ; and they would have as their standard at the head of every battle the crozier of Columcille, for which reason it is called the Gathbhuaidh from that time forth ; and this was a be- fitting name for it, for they have often gained victory in battles by means of it, as they did afterwards at that time when they put their trust in Columcille. They acted in the same way on this occasion. This battle was afterwards fought fiercely and vigorously. The Albanich gained victory and triumph. The Lochlanns were slain in great numbers and defeated, and their FEOM FEAGMENTS OF IRISH ANNALS. 407 righ ann .i. Oittir mac larngna. As dan iarttain na ro saighsiod Danair na Loclilonnaigh orra, acht to hui sidh j comslianadh doibh.° 931 Taitiig ri LocMann iarttain 7 ra airg Srait- duaidhc A. ra air an tir, acht ni ro cumm/ng namaid do Sraitliecluaide."^ king was slain, viz., Otter, son of largna ; and it was long after this until either Danes or Lochlanns attacked them, but they enjoyed peace and tranquillity. P The king of Lochlann afterwards came and plundered Strath- clyde, that is, lie plundered the land, but the enemy was not able to take Strathclyde. 408 FEOM IRISH LIFE OF SAINT ADOMNAl^. IV. FEOM THE lEISH LIFE OF SAINT ADOMNAN. MS. BRUSSELS, NO. 5101-4. h ECHT do bert corp Briiide mic Bile, ri Criiithneach, do cum n-Iae, agus ba saeth agus iagar la h-Adamnan a ecc, agus asbert ara tabharthae corp Bruide cuccae hi teach ind oidchi sia. Frithairidh Adamnan oc in corp co mataia isiii tech sin. Is in matain ar abharach an tan ro gabh an corp gluasacht agus a shuUe d-erslucadh, is arm tainic araile craibhdheach chonercil co dorus an tighe agus asbert. Masa doigh todiusccadh marbh di Adamnan, atberim cona dingeutar. Appaidh do nach clerech do rega ina inad mina todiusca marbu. Ata ni do dligudh ann, ol Adamuan. Masa chora din tabhram bennachtaia fors iu corpsa, agus in anmain Bniidi. Eo faidh do ridhisi TRANSLATION. The body of Bruide, son of Bile, king of the Cruithnigh, was brought to la, and his death was sorrowful and grievous to Adam- nan, and he desired that the body of Bruide should be brought to him into the house that night. Adamnan watched by the body till morning. Next day, when the body began to move and open its eyes, a certain pious man came to the door of the house, and said, " If Adamnan's object be to raise the dead, I say he should " not do so, for it will be a degradation to every Cleric who shall " succeed to his place, if he too cannot raise the dead." " There " is somewhat of right in that," replied Adamnan. " Therefore, " as it is more proper, let us give our blessing to the body, and " to the soul of Bruide." Then Bruide resigned his spirit to heaven FEOM lEISH LIFE OF SAINT ADOMNAK 409 Bruidi a spiorad do cum nime, co m-bennachtain Adamnan agus samhtha lae. Is and asbert Adamnan : Mor do inganta do ni, In ri genair o Muire, Betha scuab an im miiili, Ecc do Bruide mac Bile. Is annamh [Is annamh] lar mbeith ir righe tuaithe, Ceppan cane crin dara, Im mac rig Ala Cluaithi. again, with ttie blessing of Adamnan, and the congregation of la. Then Adamnan said : " Many wondere doth he perform, The king who was born uf Mary, He takes away life. Death of Bruide sou of Bile : It is rare, It is rare. After ruling in the northern kingdom That a hollow stick of withered oak. Is about the son of the king of Alcluaith." 410 FEOM LIFE OF SAINT BOETHIUS. V. FEOM THE LIFE OF SAINT BOETHIUS. MS. BODL. EAWLIN30N B. 505. QUAIITER IN YTALIAM PERREXIT. U T igitur plenius aquas sapientie salutaris hauriret et peregrinus existens Deo secnrius deseruiret. Natale solum deserens, nauem ascendit et Ytaliam perueniens, Sancti patris Tyliani monasterium ingressus, ibi monastice vite disciplina, et sacre scripture .sciencia, ad prime erudicionis liumilitate et mansuetudine, omnibus acceptabile erat. Transactis vero aliquot idem annis, divine oraculo admoni- tus est repatriare. Accepta igitur benedicione, atque licen- cia Sancti patris Tyliani, et missus cum eo ipso Sancto seniors Codro, qui sententias eius in malignates tempera- ret, datisque eis sacris voluminibus ac uestibus, nee non et sociorum reliquis, xxx" peregrinacionis sue anno, iterum regressus est. Fama vero eius in itinera demulgata iunxe- runt se ei quidam viri sancti de Germania numero Ix. quorum decern fuerimt germani fratres et x. virgines. Per- venientes itaque ad mare navem ascendunt, et prospero navigio in Pictorum finibus applicuerunt. QUALITEE NECTANUM REGEM A MORTE RESUSCITAVIT. Contigit autem tunc temporis, Nectanum iUius terre regem viam universe carnis migrasse. Ad eius quoque exequias invitantur et illi, ut super defunctum regem vigil- arent et pro ipso ad Dominum orarent, cujus domum FEOM LIFE OF SAINT BOETHIUS. 411 in qua exanime corpus jacebat, pervenirent, ceteris exclu- sis, vir Dei Boecius se in oracionem dedit. Completa igitur oracione, ecce defunctus a mortis faucibus resurrexit. Stupent omnes, luctus in gaudium vertitur, et Deus in sue Sancto glorificatur. Denique rex castrum iUud in quo factum miraculrmi, cum omni sua possessione, beato Boecio contulit, quo ipse in cellam consecrato, quendara suorum in custodem reliquit. QUALITER FILIAM EEGIS DAILIEATA ADHUC EESUSCITAVIT. Post hec ad Hybernicum mare pervenit, et in navem ascendit, in regione, Daylriata nomine, portum tenuit, ubi regis eiusdem terre filiam iam defunctam resuscitavit. Quapropter et rex terram ei optulit, in qua ipse ecclesiam fundauit, et relicto ibi presbyterio quondam de suis, in primum solum .i. Kyanacteorum gressum direxit. Et, cum regem adiret, eum, quia gentilis erat, non admisit. 412 LIFE OF SAINT SEEVANUS. VI. LIFE OF SAINT SERVANUS. MS. BIB. EP. MARSH AP. DUEL. V. 3. 4. 16. J? uiT quidam rex nobilis in terra Chanaan nomine Obeth filius Eliud, et nomen uxoris ejus Alpia filia regis Arable. Ambo viguiti annos in.simul viventes prolem nul- 1am habuerunt. Inde sepissime Deum rogaverimt et obla- tiones et uictimas ei optiilerunt, ut eis ad expeUendum obprobrium eorum sobolem condignam donaret. Qua prop- ter rex mandavit i)er imiversam regionem ut omnes homines a miaoribus usque ad majores tribus diebus ac noctibus jejunarent et assidue pro rege et regina Dei misericordiam exorarent, ut sterilitatis ab eis ignominiam averteret. In tertia vero nocte, iiltimo gaUi cantu regi pai-umper dor- mienti in sompno angelus Domini apparuit cUcens, Ite in civitatem que vocatur Eliopolis, et in ea iuvenietis fontem pulcherimum et in eo ter balniate. Et exinde quod vos hanelatis habebitis, exeuntes et ad fontem pre- nominatum pervenientes juxta dictum angeli fecerunt. Mandragora est Ac herbam juxta fontem crescentem scilicet mandragonem cujus radix ad regina concupiens eum manducavit. Postquam ergo com- ni3'cre™cit°et' Eaedit et copula maritab. acta ilico concepit. In nocte mniieressteriies yero subsequente angelus regine apparuit, confortans earn et dicens, Noli regina contristari et mesta esse, quia ecce habes in utero et paries duos filios, fide et opere optimos. Nomen erit uni Generatius, id est, ardens gemma et erit honorabilis rex super omnem terram Cananeorum. Est nomen alteri Malachias siue Servanus. Que nomina ei postea peracto secularis vite cursu bene convenerunt. Malacliias enim interpretatur angelus Domini, hoc est LIFE OF SAINT SEEVANUS. 413 aptum nomen ei, qui legatus sedis apostolice extiterit nuncians verbum per quatuor plagas mundi. Servanus Regiones, vei vero servando dicitui- Deo ea quod operando serviebat ^^ Domino nostro Jesu Christo in omni opere bono nocte dieque. Hiis itaque dictis et angelo discedente regina exporrecta est, et dicta angelica marito suo nunciavit. Inde igitur ambo exultantes, grates Deo habundanter reddiderunt. Postquam natus est puer, ductus est ad Episcopum Alexandrie civitatis Magoniura nomine ut baptizaretur ab eo. Episcopus vero baptizavit eum et nomen ei imposuit Servanum. Beatus igitur Servanus nutritus est usque ad vij. annos, et pater eius defunctus est. Defuncto autem patre suo, obtulerunt ei totius regni eorum regimen. Ipse vero a juventute adherens Deo et despiciens mundum, omnes voluntates eorum refutavit. Frater autem ejus Generatius pro ipso regnavit. Sanctus autem Servanus perrexit ad civitatem Alexandrinam ut divino studio vacaret ibi, et artes disceret. Et ibi mansit per tresdecim annos, et monacliilem habitum ab Episcopo ejusdem civi- tatis sumpsit. A prenominato Episcopo post triginta annos dOigenter ammonitus est ut ad sacros ordines quoniam dignus fuit promoveretur. Igitur usque ad sacerdotii gradum licet nolens et contradicens promotus est. Postquam autem ordinatus est, venit in terram suam, et omnes Channanei cum multa exultatione eum in Epis- copatum elegerunt. Episcopatum autem ilium construens in eo monasteria et ecclesias Deo die noctuque serviens per viginti annos rexit in pace. Tunc angelus Domini adiit eum dicens ei, Mandatum est tibi a Domino Deo ut exeas et discedas de terra et de cognatione tua. Beatus Servanus ad bee respondit, Libenter ibo, sed ignoro quo Dominus mens vult me pergere. Angelus ad hoc Beato Servano dixit, Ego ero tecum quocunque perrexeris, de- liberans te ab omni temptatione diaboHca et ero comes tui itineris prosperans viam tuam in mari et in terra, ab hoc die usque diem dissolutionis corporis tui. Tunc Sanctus Servanus ab omnibus clericis et laicis Episcopatus sui et cognatis et amicis suis licentiam accepit et eis benedixit. 414 LIFE OF SAINT SERVANUS. lUi autem de discessu suo dolentes, ne eos desolatos dimit- teret rogavenmt attente. Ille autem despiciens lacrimas et preces eorum ciim magna multitudine sociorum et angelo eum ducente iter ampuit. Postea Sanctus Servanus cvun quinquaginta et decem milibus ad ripam Nili fluminis devenit, et cum omni comi- tatu sua flimien prospere transsivit. Delude ad litus Maris Rubri cum totidem advenjt, et sicco pede Ulud mare omnes pertraussienmt. Post duos inde menses pervenit ad civitatem Iherlem et septem annis honorabOis patriarcha in ea extitit, in loco Jacobi patrlarche lerosolimitaneorum Episcopl. Quadam autem die angelus Servano Sancto dixit, Ascende in montem Syon et cii'cui eum. Sanctus Servanus ascendit et circuit. Ostensum est ei lignum de quo salutlfera crux Christi incisa fuit. Tunc angelus ait ei, Incide de llgno Isto quatuor baculos et affer tecum, et in magna virtute et reverentia post vos erunt. Sanctus Servanus in voce angeli tres baculos incidit. Quorum vero majoris baculi lignum angelus ipse amputavit, et ipse Sancto Servano tradidit et commendavit. Propterea Sanctus iste in majori honore et reverentia tenuit et custodivit. Postea cum gaudio reversus est in Iherlem. Et Uico ait ei angelus, Tempus est ut dimittas civitatem istam, et pergas ad civitatem Constantinopolim quia prope est locus iste terre et cognationi tue. Surrexit ergo Beatus Servanus et benedixit omnibus lerosolimitanis licentiam accipiens ab eis. Pervenit postea cum omni multitudine sociorum suorum ad Constantinopolim, et fuit in ea honorifice receptus per tres annos. Inde eodem monitus angelo venit ad ten-am et ad insulam Salvatoris. Dicitur enim insula Salvatoris quia ad earn propicius nobis venit Salvator noster. Postea venit cum maxima turba Eomam. Et Eomani audientes famam ejus habundantem per terras et regiones quas circuit honorifice susceperunt eimi. Erant autem in illis diebus sine Papa et Doctore. At tunc censors cleri et populi Piomanorum voluntas elegit eum in apostolatum. Et fuit ibi in cathedra Petri regens et populum Eomammi docens signa et mirabilia agens septem annis. LIFE OF SAINT SERVANUS. 415 Angelus Domini ad Sanctum Servanum loquitur dicens. Mandat tibi Deus tuus exire de loco isto, quia nimis jocun- dum tibi est hie esse. Tunc Beatus Servanus clerum et populum Eomanum advocat dicens, Viri fratres a vobis omnibus licentiam sumo, et benedictionem meam vobis omnibus dimitto. Oportet enim me Domino ammonente ill longinquas partes ire, et Domino Jesu Christo per omnia obedire. Vocem Ulam omnibus Eomanis valde displicuit audire, omnis enim populi Eomani fuit una voluntas cum ipso pergere, quia in tantum doctrina, moribus, et nobUi- tate virum valde preclarum dilexerunt. Maluerunt enim dura et aspera mundi in peregTinatioue cimi ipso sustinere, quam ejus presentia et melliflua doctrina post ipsima carere. Exivit tamen civitatem Eomam cum multitudine graudi cleri et populi virorum ac mulierum de discessu suo nimis dolentium usque ad coUem Lacrimarum. Beatus Servanus stetit in loco iUo vertens se ad populum ait, Viri fratres et popide delecte a Deo, nolite dolere de discessu meo et contristari, sed dividite vos in duas partes, una pars hie Eome maneat, altera in banc peregrinationem postponens hujus seculi curam mecmu veniat ; pro ipsis remanentibus et nobiscum venientibus Deum rogabo, ut ipse vobis cuucta peccata condonans vobiscum sit et nostri misereatur. Eespouderunt omnes, Amen. Et divise sunt turbe et benedixit illis lacrimans et oscvdans eos ait, Valete et in Christo manete. Postquam autem Beatus Servanus cum omni comitatu suo Alpes aggreditur, venit ad vaUem que dicitur Nigi'a siue vaUis bestiarum. Et quia Servanus scivit quod in iUa nocte temptaretur a Diabolo, propterea in valle dla pemoctavit. Tunc angelus ad Beatum virum dixit, Narro tibi penas quas passurus es tu et tui omnes in hac nocte. Et dixit ei confortare turbas et predic eis quod amplius non pacientur penas inferni transactis penis et noctis hujus tormentis. Angelus post hoc discessit. Et Sanctus Servanus venit ad turbam confortans earn dixit, Confor- tamini vos et estote parati in parandis penis que super- vel paciendis. venient vos in hac nocte. Ponens eis versiculum in 416 LIFE OF SAINT SEEVANUS. exemplum propheticum scilicet, Super aspidem et basi- Hscum ambulabis et conculcabis leonem et draconem. Hoc est, Vos omnes si in fide Sancte Trinitatis perseverabitis super aspidem et basiliscum super Diabolum videlicet et pompas ejus arabulabitis et nichil vobis nocebit. Time Sanctus ait, Prandete et ad bella ftitura preparate vos. Commestione avitem peracta, et versu dicto quantocius venit atratissima et nebvilosa caligo super vaUem in qua erant. Tunc venerunt terremotus magni, tonitrua et fulgura, grandines et ignes sulphurei, et diversa genera bestiarum biped\un quadripedum, et impleverunt circa eos vaUem. Tunc venerunt culices ossea rostra habentes, dracones serpentes alas et omnia tormenta que Sathanas inferni hominibus poterat monstrare. Videndo hec omnia magna pars turbe defuncta est. Videns autem Sanctus Servanus socios suos hec non posse pati surrexit et benedixit vallem, evanuerunt omnia et ad nichilum redacta simt, et mdli bominum amplius nocuerunt. Deinde Sanctus Servanus venit ad Icteum mare, quod distat inter Angliam et Franciam cum septem milibus milium et sicco pede transsierunt. Ita Deus in mari prebuit eis aditum et adjutoriuni. Et postea venit de loco ad locum usque ad amnem que Forthe nuncupatur. Sanc- tus uero Edheunanus fuit abbas in Scocia tunc temporis, et ipse ivit obviam Servano usque ad insidam KeS et suscepit eum cum magna veneratione quoniam audivit multa bona de illo. Peracto ibi noctis spacio et post tempus in quo placuit eis melliiluo coUoquio perfrui Sanctus Servanus ait, Quomodo disponam familie et sociis meis. Sanctus Odau'Sdanus respondit, Habitent terram Fif, et a monte Britannorum usque ad montem qui dicitur Okb^l. Et ita factum est. Postea Sanctus Servanus cum centiun tantummodo sociis in comitatu suo venit ad Kinel et virgam quam tenuit transmare projecit, et de ea arbor pomifera crevit, que apud modernos IMorglas dicitur. Time angelus ad Beatum virum dixit, Ibi erit requies operis tui ubi arbor ilia perpulcra crevit. Sanctus inde Servanus venit ad LIFE OF SAINT SEEVANUS. 417- locum qui dicitur Culenros volens liabitare ibi, dispersit omnes spinas et dumeta que erant ibi habundantes. Eex autem Scocie audieus, scilicet, Brude filius Dargart, qui Pictorum tunc temporis regnum tenuit, ira valde com- motus est, quia sine licentia sua habitabat ibi. Misit autem Eex spiculatores suos ut interficereut Sanctum Ser- vanum cum omni familia sua. Eegera interim pessimum gutta invasit ut vix suum spiritum subito uon emisit. Et sic festinanter propter Sanctum Domini mandavit. Sancto igitiu? veniente Eex egrotans loqiiitur dicens, Sancte Dei pro Christo in quern credis restaura me sanitati, et locum in cpio habitas in perpetuam elemosinam habeas. Sanctus precibus et pietate motus regem saluti restituit. Postea Sanctus Servanus cymiterium et ecclesiam suam in Culen- ros fundavit et dedicavit. Peracto ibi temporis spacio pervenit ad insulam Leuene ut loqueretur Sancto Edaunano presentialiter. Sanctus vero Eudananus Beatum virum gaudens honorabiliter suscepit et animadvertens quia locum aptum sue religion! adquireret ipsam insulam in elemosinam concessit bona voluntate. Servanus igitur per septem annos fvmdans monasterium in ea mansit et multorum animas lucrifecit. Exinde exiens totam regi- onem Fif construens diversa divina edificia summo Creatori circuit et perambulavit. Quodam tempore fuit Sanctus Servanus in iEa spelunca in Deserto et quidam frater monaclius infirmabatur cum eo, et voluit vini potum habere et non potuit adipisci. Tunc Beatus Servanus accepit aquam de fonte qui ibi habe- tur, et benedixit, et mutata est in vinum, et sanatus est eger. In iUa autem spelunca Sancto SeiTano in lecto suo jacente post matutinas accessit Diabolus ad eum temptans et disputans cum eo. Et dixit ad eum. An clericus sapiens es tu Sen'ane ? Quid vis tu miserrime omnium creatura- rum. Ait diabolus, Disputare tecum et aliqua te interrogare desidero. DLxit Sanctus Sei-vanus, Incipe, tu miser, incipe. InteiTogavit eum Sathanas, Ubi Deus fuit antequam celum Questiones Dia- et terram creavit et ante omnes creatm-as suas. Ait ei gervanum!"^ """ Beatus Servanus, In seipso fuit quia uon est localis, et a 2 D 418 LIFE or SAINT SERVANUS. nullo loco capitiir, neque distenditur, neque temponim motionibus subjacet, sed est totus ubique. Dixitque Dia- bolus, Qua de causa creavit Deus creaturas ? Ait Sanctus Quia non posset Creator esse sine creatiiris. Quare fecit eas valde bonas ? Sanctus ad hoc ait, Quia Deus noluit ope- rari nialiun, vel ne videatur invidus, quod nollet aliquid bouum esse preter se ipsum. Dixit diabolus, Ubi plas- mavit Deus Adam. Ait Sanctus, In Ebron. Dixit Sathanas, Ubi fuit postquam dejectus est de paradiso ? Sanctus ait, Ubi formatus est. Dixit Sathanas, Quamdiu fuit in para- diso post peccatum suum ? Ait Sanctus, Per vij. tantiuu horas. Dixit Sathanas, Cur Deus permisit ut Adam et Eua peccarent in paradiso ? Sanctus ad hoc ait. Quia presci\it Deus magnum inde fore venturum Christus enim natus non fuisset secundum carnem nisi Adam et Eua peccassent. Dixit Sathanas, Cur non potuerit Eua et Adam bberari per semetipsos ? Servanus ad hec, Quia non ceciderunt per semetipsos, sed per alium id est per Diabolum suadeutem eis. Ideo per ahum id est Christum de prosapia eorum natum liberati sunt. Cur Deus non formavit noviuu homi- nem et misit eum ut liberaret genus humanum? Ait Sanctus, Quia non pertineret ad nos nisi esset de genera Ade. Cur vos homines liberati estis per passionem Christi et non nos demones ? Quia a nobismet ipsis casus origi- nem non habuimus, sed a vobis demonibus. Vos autem demones quia non estis fragihs nature nee vultis penitere et a vobismet ipsis originem peccati contraxistis, ideo passio Christi vobis non profuit. Videns igitur Diabolus contra virimi Sanctum se nichil posse proficere, interroga- tione victus ait, Sapiens es tu Servane et non possum amplius tecum disputare. Ait ei Servanus, Vade tu miser, vade et festinanter hiac recede et nidli hominum amplius in hoc loco audeas apparere. Et locus ille ia honore Sancti, Sancti, Sancti Servani factus est sacer usque in hodierniun diem. Quodam autem tempore fuit Beatus Servanus iu Tidig- botuan malignus spiritus intravit iu quendam hominem miserum ibi et tantum appetitum commedendi habebat LIFE OF SAINT SEKVANTJS. 419 quod nuUo modo saturari poterat. Sanctus Servanus pol- licem suum posuit in os suum et Diabolus tribiliter damans et exiens dimisit iUum. Alio tempore fuit Beatiis Ser- vanus in Tuligcultrin, et quedam mulier paupercula peperit duos filios mortuos ibi et attulit eos ad Beatum Servanum et lacrimabiliter oravit eum ut sibi eos vivificaret. Sanc- tus vero prostratus in terra Dominum Deum nostrum deprecatus est ut fidem hujus muliercule aspiceret et sibi prolem suam caritative vivam redderet. Exaudiens igitur Deus precem Sancti vui filios sues vivos reddidit matri ambos. Alia vero nocte Sanctus idem fuit in Alueth hos- pitatus cum quodam paupere rustico qui plus substantie non habebat preter unum porcum et illvim Sancto viro in ilia nocte mactavit quem vivum surgens in crastino in ara sua invenit. Alio tempore fuit ille vir in Atheren et habuit quendam multonem quem diUgebat et nutriebat in domo. Sed fm- quidem veniens furtitn eum ei abstulit. Quesito autem ariete per totam parocliiam, illo non in- vento ecce adductus fur iUe in presentia Beati viri et inter- rogatus a Sancto si culpam criminis sibi illati haberet, sub juramento renuit quod uon habuit. Et incipiente eo ite- rum per baculum Sancti viri jurare, vervex in gutture sue balavit. Et Ule miser confitens peccatum suum veniam a Sancto Servauo quesivit et accepit. In lUo tempore fuit Sanctus in cella Duneuensi et tunc nunciatum est ei qixod draco magnus et terribilis et deter- rimus veniret in civitatem suam cujus aspectum nemo mortaUum posset pati. Sanctus autem Servanus exiens in obviam ei et accipiens baculum in dextera in valle quadam pugnavit cum dracone et interfecit eum. Ab Olo autem die dicitur vallis ilia Vallis draconis. Et postea venerunt ad Beatum Servanum de Alpibus tres viri ceci et tres viri claudi et tres viri surdi et dictum est eis quod suam recu- perarent sanitatem ad Beatum Servanum si venirent in scociam. Postquam ergo venerunt adlocuti Sanctum virum salutantes eum et sui magni laboris et itineris causam revelaverunt et ut ab iufirmitatibus suis eos curaret roga- verunt attente. Sanctus vir timens ne causa eum temp- 420 LIFE OF SAINT SERVANTJS. tandi hec dicerent, loquitur eis dicens, Viri fratres numquid ego sum Deus, aut vos temptatis me supra id quod videtis ia me, videlicet dum istam rem grandem sanari vos a me postulatis. lUi autem prosteruantes ad pedes ejus et flo- rantes cimi juramento dixerunt, Nou Domine pater non, sed credimus preces et orationes tuas multum valere apud Deum, et per te a summo creatore uos posse adipisci sani- tatem. Audiens igitur Beatus Servanus fidem illorum bene- dixit fontem quendam, et in eo ter fecit eos lavari. Et inde exeuntes merito Sancti viri salvi facti simt. Et sic Sanctissimus Servanus, cecis visum, claudis gressum, surdis auditum, hiis et aliis pluribus diversa genera morboram patientibus Deo auctore sauitatem tribuit et paravit. Post- quam Sanctus iste fratres karissimi occupatus est grandi infirmitate et vi febriimi detentus est et voca\'it omnes fratres suos et diem dissolutionis sue imminere eis prenim- ciavit. Fratres inde multum dolentes et Deum assidue pro ipso orantes responderunt, Cur nos pater deseris ? aut cui nos desolatos relinquis, ]\Ialumus enim commori tecum quam post te in seculo vivere. Sauctus vero vir post multa miracula, post diversas virtutes, post multas ecclesias in Christo fimdatas, pace data fratribus in cella Duuenensi in primo die kalendarum luUi paulatim spiritum summo Crea- tori tradidit et commendavit. Post obitum suum disci- puli sui et tocius provincie fere populus, corpus ejus ad Culenros deportaverunt. Et ibi cum psalmis et ymnis et canticis honorifice eum sepelierunt, ubi florent merita et virtutes ejus meritorum usque in hodiernuni diem, ad laudem et honorem omnipotentis Dei, qui in Trinitate per- fecta vivit et regnat per infinita seculorum secula. — Amen. LEGEND OF SAINT BONIFACIUS. 421 VII. LEGEND OF SAINT BONIFACIUS. BREV. ABERDON. PROP. SAHOT. PRO TEMP. HYEM. Ijonifacius nacione Israliticus de radie sororis Aposto- Foi. ixix. lorum Petri et Andree prosapia natus. Et in vico Beth- saida Galalee prouincie ortus. Hie in papali dignitati Beato Gregorio Pape successit et annis septem tribusque mensibus ac septem diebus presidebat. Iste enim Septi- mus vir a lolianne apostolorum Petri et Andree et sextus a radia, hie ab infancia Spiritus Sancti gratia est repletus, qui in adoleseeneie sue etate Deo placere studebat et ad superne vite palacium probis actibus verum Deum cole- bat et sic castitatem anime et corporis seruans irreprehen- sibiliter viuebat. Octauo vero etatis sue auno diuinarum seripturarum se deditum prebuit, vbi veram verbi sapieneiam affluenter inuenit, variasque ex omni genere linguas didicit et recte loquebatur, in tantum quod lohanne Episcopi lerosolimi- tano et Patriarcha, etatis sue anno trieesimo sexto in sacer- docium est ordinatus, vbi postque Apostoli Petri Sanctissimi vitam insecutus est et mores. Attingente autem eo annum circiter quadragesimiim sextum, Mamicio Eomanorum regnante Imperatore,Eomam venit, vbi aliquanti temporis in Episcopum et Cardiualem constitutus est : delude omnium Cardinalium electione et ipsius Summi Dei prouidencia Spiritus Sancti etatis sue quadragesimo anno diuiuitus ad Papatum assumitur. De hinc certas horas canonicas et aUorum in ecclesia Dei diuinorum celebraciones varlas imposuit : constitutiones ac 422 LEGEND OF SAINT BONIFACIUS. salubres orandi dicendique modos rite et legittime ordi- nauit. Demum de siiis fratribus in oratorio quosdem eiusdem clam revocauit ut inde sui cordis archana eisdem reuelaret. Ita inquiens, Fratres mi in Domiao nostri lesu Christo cuius fides vbique profitetur : ab iUo tempore quo paternas nostras deseruimus lares ob eiusdem Dei amorem et iUorum populorum qui vltra fines Europe vsque in aquilonales plagas citra parumper terre fines peregrinare disposuimus. Cui reudendo dixerimt, Mitte ibidem vivos religiosos et prudentes in ea parte quemadmodum diui Celestinus et Gregorius antecessores tui Palladium Patricium et Augus- tinum eisdem premitus destulerunt. Sanctus itaque Bonifacius respondebat dicens, Deiim nostrum omnipotentem per Sanctum Petrum rogauimus : ut per illius meritum graciam banc peregrinandi recipere meruimus, qui sibi in seculo Apostolo Paulo creditum est euangelizare Hlis in Europa verbum Dei vnde illius gracia corporis et sanguinis Domini nostri lesui Christi sacrifi- cium super hoc altare libauimus, vt idem ab eodem nobis crederetur quod quidem profecto angelica visione per Sanc- tum Petrum nobis nuper revelatum est et deinceps adhuc in orations perseuerans de eadem visione firmatus sum. Cui omnes dixerunt : Tribuat tibi Dominus secundum cor tuum et omne consilium tuum in bono confirmet. Hec cum peracta fuissent per orando dixit Ulis, Benedicti sitis a Domino qui fecit celum et terram. Orantes autem alterutrum et benedicentes iUic abeundi facultatem in Dei benedictions ab illis recepit paratisque omnibus ad itine- randum conuenientibus paulo post Eomam deserit : et sui itineris iuicicum sumpsit vbi inter fratres et tocius vrbis Eome populos clamor amarissimus et luctus non minimus interfuit eiulatuque maximo dicentes, Ha pater sanctissime, cur nos derelinquis orphanos, et hec chcentibus benedixit iUis et recessit. Arrepto autem per eundem itinere Bonifacius, Benedictus, Seruandus, Pensaudus, Beneuolus, JNIadianus, Principuus, Episcopi viri deuotissimi eundem pie et denote iasecuti LEGEND OF SAINT BONIFACIUS. 423 sunt ; ac due preclare virgines Abbatisse, Crescencia et Triduana ; septem presbyteri ; septemque diaconi ; septeiu subdyacoui ; septem accolite ; septem exorciste ; septem lectores ; et septem hostiarii ; ac vtriusque sexus virorum et mulierum maxima multitude timencium Deum. Con- stitutisque singulis in ordine per dictum virum Dei Boni- facium prospero itinere ac prospera nauigacione miani- miter ad Pictauiam peruenenmt ; sed signo de celo diuinitus emisso per Mare Scoticum vsque pene locum de Eestinoth peruenerunt quem quidem locum liumiliter adeuntes maiorem letaniam psallentis glorificabant Deum. Accidit interea Nectanium Pictorum Eegem viso signo ad liunc locum sue cum exercitu accessisse, videndo pere- grinonmi tantam multitudinem admirando stupore non modico effectus est ; sed Spiritus Sancti gratia repente iu- spiratus in ilia hora a Beato Bonifacio et sius Epyscopis baptism! sacramentum, cum omnibus maioribus et mini- stris suis, nomine Domini nostri lesu Cliristi receperunt. Eex vero ipsorum virorum timencium Deum locum baptis- terii in nomine Sancte Trinitatis Beato Bonifacio tradidit et deliberauit. Quo in loco infinitus pene populus per eundem in fidei Christiane crismate sancto insigniti sunt, ac ad eosdem in eiusdem fide imbuendos in ecclesiarmn et alionun locorum deuotorum constructione vsque in senium cum omni vite sanctitate et exemplo se exerci- tatus est. Demum Beatus Bonifacius,post plurimaalia miraculorum presagia, cecos illuminabat, leprosos mundabat, ac surdos audire fecit ; et mutos loqui, mortuos septem a morte ad vitam suscitauit ; variosque captiuitate ad libertatem suis propriis muneribus redemit. Centum et quinquaginta euangeliorum scripsit libeUos, et totidem Deo templa fun ■ dauit, Episcopos totidem, ac presby teres miUe. Et ad Christi fidem virorum et mulierum triginta sex mHia con- uertebat et baptizauit. Etatis autera sue anno quarto et octaugesimo plenus gracia et virtute decimo septimo kal. Aprilis migi-auit ad Christum. 424 LEGEND OF SAINT ADEIAN. VIII. LEGEND or SAINT ADRIAN. BREV. ABERDON. PROP. SANCT. PRO TEMP. HYEM. FoMxij. J^N partibus Viigarie regionis prouincie Paiinonie, egre- gius atlileta Christi, Adrianus oriundus fuit, cuius quanta fides quantaque apud Deum meriti illius diuine virtutis opera tarn gloriosus exitus luculenter approbarunt ; hie Sanctus vir regia stirpe genitus in iuuenilibus annis quam senectutem mentis liabebat immensam et ob preclare vite eiiisdem insignia ad Epyscopatus gradum sublimatur, vbi diuinis mancipatus obsequiis, quot facta egregia et gesta, quot ve probitates exercuerat, quot auinias Domino acqui- siuit, copiosa multitude clericorum et secularium populi secum profecti testantur. Iste siquidem diuus pater post diuturnos sudores laboresque suis in partibus circa diuinum gregem impensos volens et aliis prodesse populis, assumpto secum comitatu venerabili, peregre profectus est zelo Christians religionis ad orientales Scocie partes, que tunc a Pictis occupabantur, nauigio deuenit, habens secimi confessorum clericorum %iilgarisque populi sex milia sex centos sex, inter quos erant iste notabilis Glodianus inclitus martyrio coronatus, Gayus et Monanus coniessores candidi, Stobrandus, et alii summi sacerdotes infula decorati. Ceterorimi nomina in libro vite purpureo sanguine scribuntur. Hii viri, cum presule Adriano dilati regno Pictorum plurima signa fecere populo incessanter verba salutis im- miscentes, et in multis profuerunt, sed postea in Maya insula virtutis operibus uitenti solum habere mansionem LEGEND OF SAINT ADEIAN. 425 desiderabant, vbi expulsa demonum ac belluarum inulti- tudine per gloriosos Dei seruos fieret loci;s oracionis omni plenus sanctitate. Ubi vigiliis et oracioui vacantes aliquot temporis iu- tente impendebant, et iutenti postea seiiieiite temulenta Dannonim rabie, qui totam fere Brittaniam, que nunc Anglia dicitur, deuastauerant, vsque insulani prefatam deunemnt, vbi secuti Dei confessores armis spiritualis milicie aduersus, paganani genteni demicabant, quorum viuam predicacionem et incessabilem confessionem glorio- sissimi nominis Christi Dani non i'erentes fuiiestis ereptis ensibus fremibundi irruere in Lostiam Domini Adrianum que verba pro lege Dei sui certantes vsque ad mortem glorioso martyrio coronarunt. Et, vt propbetarum verba rursus de eisdem verificaren- tur, vbi inconsolata Eachel filios plorasse dicitur, in tarn celestem, tarn sanctam multitudinem et in Christi confes- sorum perseuerantem impetum fecere sceleratissimi crude- lissimi que lictores omnes bidencium more in manissimis gladiis in Maya insula cecederimt, vbi Dei martyres qui in hoc mundo dilexerunt seruitutem in vita et in morte non sunt separati quoniam unus semper spiritus erat in eis et una fides. In prefata insula de Maya ad honorem Dei omnipotentis Sanctorumque eius martyrvim egregio lapideo tabulatu antiquitus structum monasterium fuerat, quod ab Anglorum gente bellorum insultu destructum est, sed ibidem hac- tenus restat ecclesia sepe a fideli populo propter tot virtutum prodigia indies frequentata, vbi mulieres spe proliuni habendi venientes non defraudantur, restat in- super ibi cimiterium quam celebre vbi illius et super- celestis chorus roseo sanguine candidati legionis corpora requiescunt. I ]^ D E X. [The Roman numerals refer to the pages of the Preface.] Aeallac, son of Beli, 16. Aberbrothoc. See Arbroath. Abercom (Linlithgowshire), Angles pos- sessed settlements as far as, Ixxix. cxx. ; Trumwin's flight from, cxx. clvi. Aberdeen, Aberdene, county of, Ixxxiv, Ixxxv. ; burgh of, 214. Abernethy, Apuirnige, Apurnige, Apur- nethige (Perthshire), Ixxxi. cvi. n. ; de- dicated by Necton to St. Bridget, 6, 28, 399 ; church of, built by Garnard, son of Dompnach, cvi. n., 201 ; AVilliam the Con- queror penetrated as far as, clxv. Abernethy (William de), 291. Abernia, See Ireland. Aberte (Dunaverty, Kintyre), attacked by Selvach, 354. Abides (on the Hellespont), 107. Abirbrooth, Abirbrotok. See Arbroath. Abirnithy, Aburnethige. See Abernethy. Abiur (Aduir), son of Arcthech, 134, 145. Achacbantoit, son of Fiachrach-Cathmail, 134, 144. Achadrum, meaning of the name, Ixxxiii. Achaians. See Greeks. Achcochlam, slaughter of the Scots at, xxi. cxxxiv. clxii. 8. Achircir, son of Achantoit, 134, 144. Achnomen (Agmemnon, 144), sou of Thoe, 134. Ada, daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, Ixvii. 306. Ada, daughter of Prince Henry, married Florence, Count of Holland, 337. Ada, daughter of William de Warenne, and wife of Prince Henry, 211. Adalstan, eon of Advar, 364. See Athel- stane. Adamnan. See Adomnan. Add, river, cxiii. Adda, son of Ida, king of Bernicia, xc. xci. 11, 12. Adebold, Bishop of Carlisle, 192. Adelstan. See Athelstane. Adhbha, Loch (loch of the palace), Donald mac Alpin dies at, cxxxiv. 85. Adlsing, son of Alhun, 12. Admoir, son of Conarre mor, 134. Adomnan, Edheunanus, Eudananus, OdauS- danus, abbot of Hi, born, 168, 347 ; contemporary of Drust (Brude), son of Bile, 201 ; desires to restore him to life, 408 ; receives Servanus on his arrival in Scotland, 416, and at Loch Leven, 417 ; goes to Ireland, and gives the " law of the innocents," 73, 352 ; takes with him sixty Irish captives, 72, 351 ; dies, 15, 69, 73, 108, 347, 353, 403 ; his remains removed to Ireland, and his law renewed, 74, 355 ; his remains brought back, 356 ; his " Life of Columba " quoted, xciv. cvi. cxi. cxii. Adrian, St., Ixxiv. clxi. born in Pannonia ; goes to evangelize the Picts, 424 ; erects a monastery in the Isle of May, and there suffers martydom, 425 ; the legend of, shadows forth the return to power of the Columbau clergy, clxi. Adrian v., Pope, 218. Adtheodle. See AthoU. Adiur (Abuir, 145), son of Hieridach, 134. Adulf (Ethelwulf), king of the Saxons, dies, 361. Aeadldric, son of Ida, king of Bernicia, 11, 12. Aebbercuruaig. See Abercorn. 42S INDEX. Aed, death of, 69, 346. Aed, son of Aimuirech, dies, 19. Aed, son of Angus mor, 311. Aed, son of Boanta, king of Dalriarla, cxxxii. 21, 62; slain, clxxxviii. cxc. 360. Aed, son of Conluth, dies, 353. Aed, son of Geno, slain, 345. Aed, Edli, Aetbus, Atlie, Had, Adam, sou of Kenneth, king of the Scots, cxxxiv. cxlvi. 9, 21, 29, 62, 131, 151, 174, 178, 204, 209, 288, 295, 299, 301, 315, 336, 400 ; called king of the Picts, cxxxv. 362 ; slain by Grig, son of Dungal, cxxxv. 151, 174, 178, 204, 288, 301 ; by his own people, cxxxiv. 3C2 ; buried at lona, 151, 174, 288, 301. Aed, son of Niel, king of the Irish, 8, 9 ; death of, 169. Aed, son of Olchu, 309. Aed Aireatach. See Aeda Fin. Aed Allan, son of Fergal, victory over Flaithbhertach, 401 ; death of, 19. Aed Roin, son of Jlailcobha, dies, 71, 349. Aeda Fin (Fion), Aodh, Aed Aireatach, Hetbfin, Edhfin, Edalbus, king of Dal- riada, cxxix. cxxxi. 20, 61, 130, 133, 144, 149, 171, 177, 287, 305, 315, 335 ; battle in Fortrenn with Cinadon, king of the Picts, 358 ; dies, 358. Aeda Finleith, dies, 20. Aedain, 315. See Aidan. Aedan, son of Caplene, 311, 317. Aedguin, son of Alii, 11. See Eadguin. Aedh, king of Ailech (the palace of N. Uladh), defeats the fleet of the Gall-gael, 403. Aedibrith, sonof Inguec, 11. Aedlferd Flesaur. See Eadfered Flesaur. Aedlric, 12. See Aeadldric. Aedo odbae put to death, 353. Aedo roin. See Aed Eoin. Aelfguin, son of Osguid, 11, 12. Aelfret, 11. See Eadfered Flesaur. Aenbecan, Onbecan, Oenbegan, Denbecan, son of Cait, king of the Picts, civ. 5, 23, 25, 324, 396. Aeneas, son of Anchises, 108, 330, 379. Aengus. See Angus. Aerergaidhel. See Argyll. Aetan (Eata Glinmaur), son of Liodguald, 12. Aeth. See Aed. Africa, 378, 380. Agani, son of Agathirsi, 23. Agathirsi, a name of the Cruithneach, 30, 323. Agenor, drives the Picts from Scythia, 381. Agmemuon, son of Thri, 144. See Ach- nomen. Agnoin, son of Buain, 24, 323. Aidan, bishop of the Saxons, his missionary labours in the north of England, 250 ; his death, 71, 348. Aidan, son of Angus, 358. Aidan, Aodhan, Edan, Edhan, Edom, son of Gabran, Goueran, Godfray, king of Dalri- ada, 60, 82, 119, 130, 133, 144, 148, 171, 287, 305 (Edom), 309, 315, 335 ; inaugu- rated by St. Columba,cxi.; probably brought from Ireland a new colony of Scots, cxii. ; St. Patrick's prophecy fulfilled in him, 27, 144; his seven sons, 310; three of his grandsons slain, 69, 347 ; battle of Man- and, cxii. 66, 67, 167, 343, 345, 401 ; of Leithrig, cxii. 67, 345 ; Dexastan, 286 ; defeated at Chirchind, cxii. 68 ; and by Ethelfred, cxii. 68, 346 ; his expedition to Orkney, 345 ; submits himself to Bae- dan at Ross na Righ, 127 ; dies, 14, 68, 168, 316, 346, 357. Aidne (a district in county Galway), Mael- ruanag O'Eiden, king of, 368. Ailecluithe. See Alclyde. Ailen na ingen, Alendaingen (island of the virgins), built, 73, 354. Ailguin, 12. See Aelfguin. Ailli?lla, son of Jair, 315. Aillella eraind, son of Fiachac iirmara, 315. Ailli, king of Deira, xc. xci. 11 ; dies, 70, 347. Ailred, abbot of Eievaux, the " Chronicle of the Scots" (No. 16) probably compiled by him, xlix. ; also the " Chronicou Elegia- cum" (No. 30), Ivii. Ailumne, son of Oswun, 351. See Almuine. Aincellacb, Ainbcellach, Ainceallach, Air- cellach, Arinchellac, Amernikellethe, Arenkelletb, Armelach, Ormekcllet, Arm- kellacb, son of Ferchar, Findan, king of Dalriada, cxxii. cxxx. 20, 61, 130, 148, INDEX. 429 171, 287, 305, 316, 317, 335; exiled to Ireland, 352 ; slain, 74, 355. Ainftig put to death, 352. Aircellach, 317. See Aincellach. Airdcoraind. See Ardcoraia. Airdsendain, 346. See Ardsendoin. Airmedhag, of Craebb, death of, 72. Akirkirre. See Achircir. Alani, 895. Alania, 4, 394. " Alban, Description of," Ixxxiii. 135. Alban, Albania, 5, 17, 18, 27, 32, 43, 52, 53, 57, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 117, 119, 167, 168, 169, 199, 203, 304, 319, 320, 821, 341, 360, 361, 369, 406 ; one of the three divisions of Britain, 153, 222, 240, 279 ; its boundaries, 153 ; BO called from Albanactus, 117, 121, 135, 222, 279 ; name given to Scotland till the tenth century, Ixxv. ; after the accession of Donald, son of Constantine, cxxxix. ; subsequently called Scotland, 143, 153, 222, 241, 242, 243, 280 ; confined to the territory north of the Forth and Clyde, Ixxix. Ixxxvi. 154 ; on the death of Al- banactus, became subject to Locrinus, 222 ; the original inhabitants Britons, 280 ; occupied by the Picts, under Eode- rio, 122, 155, 199, 298 ; occupied by the Scots, 241, 246, 251 ; Kenneth first ruled all, 334 ; sons of Ere come into, 18, 32, 69, 308; Franks enter, 370; Fothet, bishop of, 190, 370 ; Malduin, bishop of, 78. Alban, kings of, 5, 77, 78, 135, 168, 209, 320, 325, 328, 397. Alban, men of (Albanenses, Albanich), 94, 365 ; their name changed to Scots, 304 ; defeated by Bruide, son of Mailcon, cxi. ; 67, 344 ; battles among themselves, 77, 78, 364, 369; battles with the Saxons, 78, 366, 369 ; with the Galls of Lochda- caech, 363 ; with the Galls, 364 ; with the men of Moray, 371 ; with the Loch- lans, whom they defeat by the aid of St. Columba, using his crozier as their stan- dard, 405, 406 ; slay Oistin, son of Am- laib, 362 ; women of, cut off by disease, 329. Alban, Mons. See Drumalban. Alban, Mormaors of, 77, 364. Albanactus, son of Brutus, Scotland called Albania from him, 117, 135, 279 ; Alba- nia assigned to him as his portion, 222, 240, 279 ; slain by Humber, 222. Albani, a Scythian tribe so named from their fair hair, 3, 393, 395 ; Scots and Picts de- scended from, 3. Albanus, son of Isacon, gives name to Alban, 57 ; banished by Brutus, 57 ; the Scots reject the tradition respecting him, clxx. Albidosorum preda, 10 ; explained, xxi. Albigenses, David, Earl of Huntingdon, joins an expedition against, 255. Albion, cxciii. 120 ; Brutus finds it inhabited by giants, gives it the name Britain, 222 ; Ethach Rothay gives it the name Scotia, xi. Alcfrid, sonof Osguid, 11. Alclyde, Alt Clut, Ailecluitbe, Alochluaithe, Alocluade, Dunbreatau, Dunbretaine (the fortress of Dumbarton), 197 ; destroyed by the Gentiles, 15, 124; burned, 358; besieged and destroyed by the Northmen under Imliar and Amlaib, 361, 405 ; Kiderchen makes it the capital of his new kingdom, xciii. ; kings of — Donald, son of Auin, 73, 352 ; Bile, son of Elphin, 74, 355 ; Teudur, son of Bili, 76 ; Gureit, 349 ; Bruide, son of Bili, 409. Aldoit, sou of Noda, 134, 145. Alemanni, 140 ; their attire, 395. Alendaingen, 354. See Alien na ingen. Alexander the Great, 379. Alexander I., son of Malcolm and Margaret, king of the Scots, 132, 175, 181, 207, 210, 212, 290, 296, 300, 303, 337, 887 ; exiled, 211; placed on the throne by Henry I. of England, 225 ; founds Scone Abbey, 387 ; bestows great endowments on St. An- drews, 189 ; maintains the independence of the Scottish Church, clxvi.; commends the care of it to his brother David, 191 ; dies, 371, 388, at Crasleth (perhaps Pais- ley), 175; Strafleth, 290; Cruflet, 303; Stirling, 181 ; buried at Dunfermline, 175, 207, 290, 303. Alexander II., son of William the Lyon, king of the Scots, 176, 182, 207, 212, 290, 430 INDEX. 297, 301, 303, 306, 338 ; married Johanna, daughter of King John, 211, 212, 213; does homage to Henry III. for Scotland, 226 ; in conformity with his father's pro- mise to John, 227 ; his alleged homage denied, 258, 281 ; his death, 388 ; in Argyll, 182, 290 ; at Kenbray, in Orkney, 207 ; Konerlay, 303 ; buried at Melrose, 182, 207, 290, 303, 306. Alexander TIL, son of Alexander II., king of the Scots, 208, 213. 290, 297, 303, 306, 338 ; crowned at Scone, 176 ; marries Margaret, daughter of Henry III., 176, 211, 301 ; does homage to Henry III. and Edward I. for Tynedale and Penrith, 217, 228 ; only as fiefs in England, 259, 281 ; refuses homage for Scotland, clxxi. 276 ; assists Henry III. against Simon de Montfort, 216 ; but not as a vassal, 260, 276; invited by Edward i. to his coronation, 217, 260, 276, 282 ; killed at Kinghoru, 208, 290, 303, 306, 338, 388 ; buried at Dunfermline, 290, 303, 306, 338. Alexandria, Magonius, bishop of, 413. Alfred the Great, 223, 386 ; his " TranRlation of Orosius " quoted with reference to the name Scotland, Ixxvii. Alhun, son of Oslach, 12. Allan, son of Uchtraig, king of Galloway, death of, 374. AUi, king of Deira. See Ailli. Almond, river, Amon, Awyne, Avon (Perth- shire), cxiv. 179. Almuine, son of Oswiu, slain in battle with the Saxons, 72, 351. AInewik, AInewyk (Alnwick), Malcolm Can- more slain near, 206, 302 ; William I. taken at, 212, 225, 301. Alochluaithe, Alocluade. See Alclyde. Alpia, mother of St. Servanus, 412. Alpin, king of the Picts. See Elpin. Alpin, son of Angus, king of the Picts, cxxiv. cxxv. 202, 287. Alpin, son of Echach, king of the Picts, cxxix. clxxxi. clxxxvi. 20, 61, 133, 137, 144, 149, 172, 177, 288, 305 ; a different person from Alpiu, the father of Kenneth, clxxxiii. ; Chalmers referred to on this point, clxxxiv. ; erroneously described as the father of Kenneth, cxxxii. clxxxiv. clxxxvi. 198; his mother's name Pictish, his father's Scottish, clxxxv. ; his mother a Pict, clxxxvii. ; dethroned, clxxxvi. ; takes refuge in Dalriada ; is expelled, and seizes the Pictish province of Galloway, clxxxv. clxxxvii. cxciii. 149, 172, 288 ; is slain there, clxxxiv. clxxxv. 149, 172, 209, 288 ; at a place since called Laicht Alpin, clxxxv., by a man lying in ambush, 197. Alpin, son of Ferat, Eferadheche. See Elpin, son of Wroid. Alpin, father of Keuneth mac Alpin, con- founded with Alpin, son of Echach, clxxxiii. clxxxiv. ; defeats the Picts, clxxxvii. ; slain at Pitelpin, clxxxiv. Alpin, son of Nechtan, death of, 73, 352. Alps, St. Servanus crosses ; his temptation there, 415, 416. Alt Glut. See Alclyde. Altnaninghean, in Dalaraidhe, 320. Alueth (Alva, Stirlingshire), miracle wrought there by St. Servanus, 419. Amazons, the Albani neighbours to, 3, 393. Ambrones. See Northumbrians. Amdarch, Amdracb, son of Donald, 151, 302. Amernikellethe, 148. See Aincellach. Amlaeb, 44. Amlaib, Amlain, son of lUuilb, king of Alban, slain, 77, by Kenneth, son of Donald, 365. Amlaib, son of the king of Lochlann, defeats Caithil fin, 360; goes to Fortrenn, and devastates Pictavia, with the Galls of Erin and Alban, cxxxiv. 8, 361 ; takes Alclyde, 361, 405; comes to Dublin with a large fleet and great spoil, 361, 405 ; defeated by Adelstan, 363 ; slain by Con- stantine, son of Kenneth, 8. Amlain, son of Illuilb. See Amlaib. Amlain, son of Lagman, slain, 367. Ammianus Marcellinus quoted, Ixxxviii. Amon, river, 179. See Almond. Amthar, son of Donald, 205. Anagnia, Anagni, letter of Boniface VIII. from, 221. Anandia, Anandresdale (Annandale) Bruce's castle of, 215 ; Thomas Randolph, Earl of, 291. Anchises, 330. INDEX. 431 Anchorite, Dubtach, chief anchorite of Erin and Alban, 370 ; Angus O'Donallan, chief anchorite at Hi, 371. Andarch, son of Donald, 174. Andrew, bishop of Caithness, 136. Andrew, St., patron saint of Scotland, clix. 292 ; apostle of the Scythians, Picts, and Greeks, 138, 188; suffers martyrdom at Patras, 138 ; part of his remains trans- ferred to Constantinople, 138, 183 ; in- structs Eegulus in a vision to carry the remainder to Scotland ; they are deposited at Kilrjmout, xi. clxxxiii. 139, 184, 387, where they work many miraculous cures, 139, and are the occasion of the conver- sion of the Picts to the faith, 219, 248 ; appears in a vision to Ungus, 139, 184. " Andrew, St., Legend of" (No. 18), remarks on, li. clxxiii. ; text, 138. " Andrew, St., Legend of" (No., 31) remarks on, Iviii ; text, 183. "Andrew, St., Legend of" (No. 49), from the Breviary of Aberdeen, Ixxii. ; text, 375. Aneglas, St., church dedicated to, at St. Andrews, 187. Anegos, Anegus. See Angus. Aiifraith, Anfrid, Anfrit, son of Ethelfred, king of Bernicia, 11; takes refuge among the Picts, and marries a Pictish princess, xcii. ; slain, xcii. 70, 347. Angeaun, 385. See Anjou. Aiigli, Anglici, 10, 12, 14, 118, 140 ; one of the four tribes who inhabited Britain in the seventh century, Ixxxviii. ; came from Angulus in Almain, 385 ; date of their arrival in Britain, 286, 343 ; possessed settlements in Scotland as far as Aber- corn, Ixxix. ; and between the Humber and the Forth in the sixth century, xc. ; subdue part of Pictland, cxx. ; driven out of Scotland, 330 ; by Kenneth, 203 ; plun- dered by Amiaib and Imhar, 361 ; Paul- inus, the apostle of the Northumbrian Angles, cli. cliv. ; the Angles of Bernicia pagans in the time of Ninian, cliv. ; the chief seat of their Church at York, civ. See also Northumbrians. Anglia, 118, 282, 416, 424; the portion of Britain assigned to Locrinus, 222, 279 ; name changed from Britain to, 304 ; from Loegria to, 153, 248, 279 ; the original inhabitants Britons, 280 ; date of the arrival of the Angli, 286, 343 ; mutual hostility of Scotland and, 247, 249, 274 ; large portion conquered by Grig, 151, 174, 178, 204, 250, 277, 288, 301 ; made tri- butary to the see of Rome, 249. Angus (county of Forfar) , a district of Scotia, xxxiv. 136 ; so called from Angus, son of Cruidne, 136; its extent, 214; Cunthar, thane of, 152, 175, 179, 206, 289, 302. Angus, king of Alban, dies, 76. Angus, son of Boidb, 317. Angus, Oengus, Onegus, Enegus, son of Brude, Frud, king of the Picts, cxxiv. 150, 173, 286. Angus, son of Cruidne, 30, 34, 325, 326, 327 ; a seer, 38. Angus, son of Fergus, king of Dalriada, cxxxii. 21, 62. Angus, Oengus, son of Fergus, king of the Picts. See Ounist. Angus, Oengus, son of Fergus, king of the Picts. See Unuist. Angus, son of Fergus ulag, 315. Angus, son of Forchete, 187. Angus, grandson of Lulach, king of Moray, slain, 371. Angus, son of Maeleanfaigh, slain, 353. Angus, son of Nechtan, death of, 168. Angus, son of Olchu, 309. Angus aphir, son of Fechelmech aslingic, 133, 144. Angus beg, son of Ere, 18, 311. Angus buiding, butim, son of Fedelinthe ruamnaich, 133, 144. Angus mor, son of Ere, king of Dalriada, 18, 59, 311, 317; buried at lona, 151, 174, 204, 288, 301. Angus O'Donallan, chief anchorite at Hi, 371. Angus turbig temrach, 315. Angus, Cinel, obe of the four great clans of Dalriada, 316, inhabited Islay and Jura, cxiii. ; their armed muster, 312, 314 their genealogy, cxiii. 317. Anguselus, set up as king of Scotland by Arthur, as his vassal does homage to Arthur at Caerleon, and carries the sword before him, 228. 432 INDEX. Anjon, Geoffrey, Earl of, husband of the Empress Matilda, 385. Anna, battle of, 349. Annan (Dumfriessbire), battle of, 3S9. Annandale. See Anandia. Anrotb, son of Firalmai, 144. Antenor, of Troy, 379. Antiocbus, Edward I. compared to, 232. Aodh, 61, See Aeda Fin. Aodh, 62. See Aed, son of Boanta. Aodhan, 60. See Aidan. Aoich, son of Ara, Aotb, son of Sran, 134, 144. Aongus. See Angus. Aporcrosan (Applecross, in Koss-shire), church founded at, 72, 350; Maelruba dies at, 74, 355 ; Failbe successor of Maelruba at, 75 ; Mac Oige, abbot, 359. Apuirnige, Apurnetbige, Apurnige. See Abernethy. Apurfeirt (the mouth of the Farg, tributary of the Earn, Perthshire), 6. Ara, 23. See Arann. Ara, son of Fera, 145. Aradbtire (now the barony of Arra, county Tipperary), battle of, 404. Arandil, son of Manine, 134, 144, 315. Arann (Arran in the Firth of Clyde), 99 ; occupied by the Fribolg, 23. Araxes, river, 4, 394. Arbroath (Forfarshire), abbey founded by William I., 207 ; William I. buried there, 175, 182, 207, 290, 303, 306. Archady, 204. See Argyll. Arcthech (Hieridach, 134), son of Aoich, 145. Arcint, 397. See Urcint. Ardbes, flimily of, their numbers, 312. Ardbreccan (Ardbraccan, county of Meath), 354. Ardchinnechan (Queensferry), 184. Ardcorain, battle at, 66, 167, 343, 344 ; second battle, 347. Arddeanesbi, sea-fight at, cxxx. 74, 355. Arderydd (Arthuret, near Carlisle), xciii. ; battle of, cliv. 161. Ardgower, district of (Argyllshire), cxiii. Ardleamhnachta, battle of, 31, 36, 326. Ardmacha, See Armagh. Ardnamurchan (Argyllshire), cxiii. cxiv. Ardrossan, Fergus de, 291. Ardsendoin, Ardsennain (perhaps Dunsin- nan), battle of, 68, 168, 346. Are, 215. See Ayr. Arenkelleth, 171. See Aincellach. Argadia, 174. See Argyll. Argart, 325. See Urgart. Argathelia, 185. See Argyll. Argialla (Argyll proper), cxiii. 313 ; men of the two Argiallas slain at Irois foichne, 355. Argyll, Arregaichel, Arregaithel, Arregar- chel, Aerergaidhel, Oirirgael, Oirir Alban, Argatbelia, Argialla, Ergadia, Argadia, Archady, 59, 151, 174, 182, 204, 288, 290, 301 ; one of the five divisions of Scotia in the twelfth century, its extent, names, and subdivisions, Ixxxvii. Ixxxviii. ; one of the seven divisions of Scotia, Ixxviii. Ixxxv. Ixxxvi. 135, 136 ; meaning of the word, 136 ; so called from Ere and Gaidel, 241 ; Plcts the first inhabitants of, cviii. 137 ; Scots come from Ireland to, x. 241, 333, 341 , date of their coming, 334 ; Scots under Eedda take possession of, cxi. 202 ; Stone of Destiny brought thither, 335 ; men of, slaughtered, 372. Arinchellac, 130. See Aincellach. Arindil, 144. See Arandil. Armagh, Ardmacha, Artmacha, date of its foundation ; probable connexion of the " Historia Britonum " with it, xxviii. ; taken by the Scots, cxci. 108 ; Cadroe educated there, 112 ; Muredach O'Crican, lector of, 366 ; Dubtach, the anchorite, dies there, 870. Armelech, 198. See Aincellach. Armenians, 140, 395. Armetag, grandson of Gnaire, put to death, 350. Armkellach, 287. See Aincellach. Armterid (Arderyd, now Arthuret), battle of, 14. Arndil, sen of Maine, 315. See Arandil. Arnold, bishop of St. Andrews, consecrated, clxvii. Aropin, son of Hethed, 149. See Alpin, son of Echach. Arreg.aichel, Arregaithel, Arregarchel. See Argyll. INDEX. 433 Artablan, son of, skin, 353. Artan, son of Conaing, 310. Artan, son of Conall, 309. Artbran, son of Maelduin, dies, 354. Artgha, Arthgal, king of Strathclyde, xcv. 15; slain at the instigation of Constantine, son of Kenneth, cxxxiv. 361. Arthur, made king of Britain, 382 ; illegi- timate, 382 ; carries the cross at the battle of Badon, and is victorious, 14, 161 ; slays StaUo, King of France, and Lucius procurator of Rome, 383 ; subdues Dacia, Gaul, Norway, and Scotland, 281, 247, 382 ; breaks alliance with the Scots and Picts, 381, 382, 383 ; makes war on them, 381, 382 ; subdues Scotl;md and places Anguselus over it, 223 ; holds a feast at Caerleon, where he receives the homage of his subject kings, 223 ; defeated and slain by Modred, king of Scotland, (Lothian), 247, 281, 382; at Chirchind, 68 ; at Camelon, 14. Artmacha, 108. See Armagh. Artur, son of Conaing, 310. Ascanius, Aschaneus, son of .ffineas, 330. Assyrians, their empire, 246. Atacotti, Ixxxviii. Alfoithle, 357. See Atholl. Ath, 295. See Aed. Athan (Hatton), Perthshire, 6. Athcashel, numbers of the township of, 312. Athcliath (Dublin), Galls of, 78 ; Diarmed, king of, 78; Amlaib and Imhar come to, 361, 405; great battle between the Gaels and the Galls at, 366. Athe, 204. See Aed. Athelstane, Adalstan, king of the Saxons, 304, alleged overlord of Scotland ; miracle at Dunbar in evidence of his claim, 223 ; god-father to the son of Constantine, king of the Scots, 224 ; penetrates Scot- land to Dunfother, cxl. ; defeats the north- men under Amlaib, 364 ; fights with the Danes and others at Brunanburgh, cxli. ; defeated and slain by Hungus, 184 ; dies, xxi. 9. Athens, Neolus, king of, 378. Atheren (Aithrey, near Stirling), Ixxxv. 136 ; miracle wrought there by Servanus, 419. Athfhotla, 76. See Atholl. 2 Athgort, 41. Athmagh,14. Atholl, Athochlach, Atfoithle, Adtheodle, Athfhotla, xxxiv. Ixxxiii. Ixxxv. 136 ; Tolarcan, king of, 76, 357 ; Dubdon, mormaor of, 10. Aufrice. See Africa. Augustine, clii. ; introduces Christianity into England, 387 ; sent by Gregory the Great, 422. Augustine, great priest at Hi, 372. Auisle, with Amlaib, ravages Cruithentuaith, 361. Aurtuile, grandson of Cruinmael, exiled to Britain, 353. Aven, river, 179. See Almond. Avon, river (Linlithgowshire), the south boundary of Calathros, Ixxxi. Awyne, river, 179. See Almond. Ayr, clxxxv. ; castle of, 215. Babona, daughter of Loarn, king of Alban, 52. Badon, attack on, 286; battle of, 14, 161 ; second battle, 15. Baedan, Baidan, son of Cairill, king of Erin and Alban, 127 ; king of the Dalfiatach of Ulster ; his death, 67, 345. " Baedan, Tract on the Tributes paid to," notice of, xlvii. ; text, 127. Baedan, son of Eocho Fin, 130. Baedan, son of Fergus Salaig, numbers of his gens, 313. Baetan, 346. See Baitbin. Baetan, son of Ecdach, 316. Bagag ollfhiacha, king of the Cruithneach of Alban, who ruled in Tara ; wars began in Erin in his reigo, 321. Baidan, son of Cairill. See Baedan. Bairfind, son of Nadsluag, 311. Baithin, Baetan, foster child of Columcille, born, 66 ; abbot of Hi ; his death, 68, 168, 346. Baithine, son of Aidan, 310. Balarg, son of Keothere, 149. See Talore, son of Achivir. Balearic Islands, 108. Baleswynton (Dalswinton), Comyn's castle of, in Galloway, 215. E 434 INDEX. Balldearg, 92. Balliol, Edward, son of John Balliol, expelled by the people of Scotland ; restored by Edward I., 297. Balliol, John, 208, 339 ; son of Devorgoil, 306; king of Scotland, 228, 297, 307, 388 ; does homage to Edward I., 229, under compulsion, 283 ; rebels, 229, and invades England, 230; dethroned and imprisoned, 231, 283. Ballymote, Book of, xxxii. xxxiii. xxxiv. xxxvi. Ixviii. Ixix. cvii. Bamborough, xc. See Bebbanburch. Bauba, a name for Ireland, 48, 328. Banff, county of, Ixxxiv. Ixxxv. Bangor. See Benchair, Bennchair. Banias, wife of Faiteach, and mother of St. Cadroe, 109. Banna, river (the Bann), many drowned in, 75. Bannockburn, battle of, 389. Baoth (the weak one), an epithet probably intended to describe Constantine, brother of Grig, cxxxviii. 89. Basalpin. See Pitelpin. Bass, Broes, Buass, 48, 126, 328. Beanus, uncle of St. Cadroe, 110, 111, 112, 113. Bearugal, one of the kings of the Cruith- neach of Alban, who ruled Erin in Tara ; in his reign nearly all the corn in Erin ■was destroyed, 321. Bebbab, queen of Eadfred Flesaur, 13. Bebbanburch (Bamborough), given by Ead- fred Flesaur to his wife, and named from her, 13 ; the chief seat of the kingdom of Bernicia, xc. cxiv. ; castle of, 12. Becc, grandson of Duncan, put to death, 353. Becket, Thomas a, his martyrdom, 255, 385, 388. Bede, quoted with reference to the four races which inhabited Scotland in the seventh century, Ixxxvii. cxxii. ; the name Scots, Ixxvii. ; the settlement of the Saxons, Ixxxix. ; the death of Edwin, xcii. ; his conquests, cxiii.; Scots and Picts, xcv. xcviii. ; law of succession among the Picts, c. ; conversion of the Picts, cv. ; Picts within the Anglic king- dom, cvii. ; gift of Hi to St. Columba, c.d. ; death of Oswald, cxv. ; death of Penda, cxvi. ; of Oswy, cxvii. ; Wilfrid, bishop of York, cxviii. ; Ecgfrid, cxix cxx. ; the church of Lindisfarne, clii. ; Hi, civ. Bedfordshire, in Danelaga, 154. Beldeg, Beldeyg Brond, son of Guoden, 11. Beli, 16. Beli, Bill, son of Elfin, king of Strathclyde, xcv. cxxii.; dies, 15, 74, 123, 355. Beli, son of Neithon, king of Strathclyde, xcv. 15. Belinus, elder son of Dunwallo, king of the Britons in Anglia, 223 ; attempts to sub- due his brother's kingdom, 280. Bellathor, Bellethor, Belachoir (probably Scone, or a place in the neighbourhood), cxii. ; the Scots occupy, cxcii. 108 ; Donald Mac Alpin dies at, cxxxiv. 8. Benchair (Bangor, county Down), Critan, abbot of, 71 ; burned, 76 ; taken by the Scots, cxci. 108 ; Mac Oigi, abbot of Aporcrosan, dies at, 359. Benedictus, one of the companions of St. Boniface, 422. Benevolus, one of the companions of St. Boniface, 422. Bennchair, of the Britons (Bangor, in Wales), burned, 71, 350. " Berchan, St., Prophecy of" (No. 9), notice of, xxxix. ; text of latter part, with trans- lation, 79. Berehtshire (Berkshire), 154. Berewick, 214. See Berwick. Bermondsey, Mary, daughter of Malcolm I., buried at, 132. Bernard, St., his prophecy regarding Henry II., 385. Berneich, Guurth (Bamborough Castle). See Bebbanburch. Bernicia, Bimeich, xc. cxiv; separated fi-om Deira, 11; its northern boundary, xc. 341 ; table of kings of, xci. 12 ; invaded by Penda, cxvi. ; subjugated by Grig, son of Dungal, 288 ; the Angles of, pagans in timeof Ninian, cliv. ; Paulinus the apostle of, 341. Berwick, Berewick, castle of, in Lothian, 214 ; town taken by Edward I., his cruelty to the inhabitants, 267. Bethoc, Bethoch, Bethok, Betoc, Betoch, IISTDEX. 435 Betowe, daughter of Malcolm, son of Kenneth, 152, 175, 180, 206, 289, 302 ; called son, 144. Bethsaida, St. Boniface born at, 421. Beverley, St. John of, miracle wrought by him, and its commemoration, 223. Biceot, son of Moneit, slain, 356. Bile, Bill, son of Nema, Neande, 134, 145. Bili, son of Elpbin. See Beli. Bill, tortan (a tree which stood near Ard- bracan, in county Meath), 69. Birneich. See Bernicia. Biscay, 380. Bisset, Baldred, his Argument in behalf of the independence of Scotland, Ixi. ; text, 271 ; quotes from the " Chronicon Eyth- micum," Ixx. Blaimec, son of Flann, his martyrdom at Hi by the Gentiles, 360. Blieblith, Bliesblituth, king of the Picts, 6, 27. Bluchbard, flourishes, 12. Bodhbhdearg (the dangerous red man), an epithet used to describe Malcolm, son of Donald, cxhi. 93. Boece, Hector, clxxx. cxciii. Boendo, sons of, put to death, 352. Boete, Boede, son of Kenneth, his grandson slain, cxlvii. 368 ; Gruoch, daughter of, cxlvii. ; Lulach, great grandson of, cxlvii. 130. Boethius, St., Buitte, Buti, son of Bronaig, Ixxiv; goes to Italy; enters the monastery of St. Tylian ; returns to his native coun- try, taking with him St. Codrus ; devout persons from Germany join him ; he arrives among the Picts, 410 ; finds Neotan their king just dead ; restores him to life, and receives from him a grant of land, 411; goes to Dalriada ; restores to life the king's daughter; founds a church there ; goes to the Kyanactei, but is repelled as a foreigner, 411; dies, 66, 167, 344. Boi, son of Sem, 134. Boidb, son of Gartnaidh, 348. See Duilh. Boidb, son of Ronan, 317 ; put to death, 350. Boid, son of Riafich, 134. Bokynghamschire. See Buckingham. Bolge, 187. Boniface, St., xxiv. ; born in Bethsaida ; goes to Rome, and is elected Pope, 421 ; leaves Rome with a large company to evangelize the Picts, 422 ; lands at Rest- ennot ; baptizes Nectan, king of the Picts, and many of bis people, and founds many churches, 423 ; the legend of, sets forth the change of the Picts from the Colum- ban to the Roman Church, clviii. ; pro- bably a diocesan episcopacy established, clix. 422 ; Servanus probably belonged to his company, clix. Boniface VIH., bis bull addressed to Ed- ward I. on behalf of the kingdom of Scot- land, Ixi. elxxv. ; text, 216; Edward's reply, Ixi. 221. Bont, Brude, 5. See Pont. Bosche, William, Archbishop of York, his Metrical history, Ixxi. ; extract from, 341. Bothergouenan, Bothgauenan, Bothngouane, (near Elgin), Duncan slain at, 152, 175, 289, 302. Bracha, Bratha, son of Theacha, 134, 145. Bran, son of Aidan, 310 ; slain, 68, 346. Bran, son of Angus, slain, cxxxii. clxxxviii. 360. Bran, son of Eugan, dies, 356. Branchu, son of Broin, slain, 75. Brandan, St., 380. Breaghmuigb, Breagmach (the plain of Bregia). See Bregia. Breas, 126. See Bress. Brecan, son of Tulchan, 311. Brechin, Brechyn, dedicated, 10 ; David, h)rd of, 291; evidence that the "Pictish Chronicle" was compiled by the monks of, xxiii. cxxvi. ; diocese of, clxiv. Brechtraig, Brectrid, son of Bernith, slain, 73, 352. Bred, Brod, Brude, son of Ferat, Ferant, Feradhach, Ferecb, king of the Picts, clx.xxviii. 8, 29, 150, 173, 202, 287, 400. Bredei, Brud, Brude, Brndbi, son of Bili File, Fie, king of the Picts, king of Fort- renn, xcv. 7, 28, 150, 173, 201, 286, 399 ; his father not of Pictish race, but a Welsh- man, cii. cxxi. ; inherited through his mother, who was daughter of Tolai'gan, son of Ainfrid, cxxi. ; gains the battle of Dunnechtan, cxix. 72, 351, 402 ; dies, 73, 436 INDEX. 351, 402 ; his body carried to Hi ; Adom- nan desires to restore him to life, 408. Bredei, Brud, Brude, son of Derelei, Dergart, Dergert, Decili, kiug of the Picts, cxxi, 7, 29, 150, 173, 201, 286, 399; seeks to slay Servanus ; is cured by him of a deadly disease, 417 ; dies, 73, 353. Bredei, son ofWrguist, king of the Picts, 7, 29, 400 ; death of, 76, 358. Breg, Bregia, plain of, Breaghmuigh, Breag- mach (county Meath) ; Cruithneach colo- nize, xcvi. 31, 41 ; devastated, 351 ; Ulfa buried there, 39. Brehon, Cairnech, the first Brehon of Erin, 56. Brei, son of Derelei, 29, 399. See Bredei. Breidei, Brude, Bruide, son of Wid, Fathe, Fochle, Fruth, Foith, king of the Picts, cvi. 7, 150, 173, 201, 286; death of, 348. Breite, son of Uurgut. See Bredei, son of Wrguist. Brennius, son of Dunwallo, king of the Britons in Albania (Strathclyde), 223, 280. Bresal, son of Ere, 308. Bresal, eon of Eegeni, abbot of Hi, dies, 359. Bress, Breas, one of the companions of Donn, 31, 48, 126, 328. Brete, son of Uurgut. See Bredei, son of Wrguist. Bretb, son of Buthut, king of the Picts, 6, 27, 389. Bretwaldas, homage done to kings of Eng- land as, clxT. Brewer, Mr. J. S., referred to, liv. Brian, Briuin, son of Cenedig, 2 1 ; king of the Gael of Erin, and Gaul, the Augustus of north-western Europe, slain in a great battle at Cluantarff, near Dublin, 119, 366. Brian, sou of Eochaid muighmedon, 309, 316. Brian, son of Olchu, 309. Brid, Bridi. See Bridei, son of Mailcon. Bride, son of Fathe, 201. See Bredei, son of Wid. Bride, son of Fie, 399. See Bredei, son of Bili. Bridei, son of Mailcon, Melcon, Melcho, Methor, Methon, king of the Picts, bap- tized by St. Columba, cvi. 7, 28, 150, 173, 286, 344, 399 ; called Drust, the son of Methor, 200 ; his palace on the banks of the Ness, cvi. ; routs the Albanich, cxi. 67, 344 ; his death, 66, 67, 76, 168, 343, 345. Bridget, St., 80, 81 ; bom, 152 ; promises Necton the kingdom of the Picts, 7 ; Abemethy dedicated to her, 6, 28, 399 ; also a church at St. Andrews, 187 ; her death, 14. Brigain. See Brigoind. Brigance, castle of, built by Gaidel, 195. Brige, son of Brigoind, 134, 145. Brigoind, Brigain, son of Bracha, 134. Briotor, commander of the fleet of the Loch- lans, slain, 367. Britain, l.xxv. 10, 23, 36, 66, 87, 120, 146, 147, 163, 240, 241, 242, 243, 247, 304, 350, 399, 424, formeriy Albion; Brutus gives it the name, 222, 279 ; the name extended only to the Scots Sea (Firth of Forth), 380 ; divided into three parts among the sons of Brutus, 121, 222, 240 ; inhabited by five nations, of whom the Britons alone possessed territory from sea to sea, 120 ; inhabited in the seventh century by four tribes, Ixxxviii. ; its three divisions, Wessenelaga, Mircenelaga, Danelaga, 153 ; contained two archbishop- rics (three before the time of the Saxons), twenty-eight bishoprics, seven provinces, and seventy shires, 154 ; all ruled by AUi, king of the Saxons, 70 ; provincial kings descended from the Gaedel Fichte, 55; after the flight of the Britons, lies desolate nine years ; the Saxons occupy the whole, form a settled kingdom under Athelstane, and call it Anglia, 304. " Britain, Description of," liii. ; text, 153. Britanniae Dorsum. See Drumalbau. Britons, 10, 37, 85, 87, 94, 96, 99, 108, 118, 123, 197, 234, 241, 243, 244, 245, 326; so called from Brutus, 166 ; the original inhabitants of Anglia and Albania, 280 ; did not possess the sovereignty or su- periority of the whole island, 244, 246 ; the Picts seek wives of, 122, 159, 199, 298 ; those of Anglia harassed by the Scots and Picts after the departure of the Romans, 164, 243, 382; apply to Rome for help, 165, 243 ; wall of Severus built INDEX. 437 for their protection, 164, 243, 244, 382, and that of Antonine, 382 ; seek help of the Scots and Picts against the Romans, 381 ; alliance with the Scots and Picts broken by Arthur, 382, 383 ; invite the aid of the Saxons, 247, 280, 383, 384; defeat the Saxons at Badon, 15, 161 ; subjected on account of their pride to the Saxons and Picts, 321 ; driven out of Anglia or Loegria by the Saxons, 247, 280, 383, 384 ; take refuge in Wales, and are called Gualenses, from Gualoe, 304; claim of Edward I. to superiority of Scot- land, as their successor, unfounded, 245, 279, 280, 281 ; (in Scotland) Cairnech, bishop of, 55 ; tribe of Lorn slaughtered by, 72, 350 ; defeated by the Dalriada at Loirgeclat, 73, 354 ; and at Minvirc, 74, 354 ; battle with the Picts at Mocetauc, 15, 76, 357 ; de- feated by Ungus, 139 ; driven from Alban by the Picts, 43, 45, 280 ; by the Scots, 117, 242, 246, 292, 330 ; by the Saxons, 361 ; expelled from Scotland by Kenneth, 203 ; their islands devastated by the Gen- tiles, 359 ; plundered by Amlaib and Imhar, 361 ; battle with the Galls, 364; evangelized by St. Ninian, cli. ; their eastern possessions wrested from them by the sons of Ida, xciii. ; fall under the power of Oswy, cxvii. ; of Fortrenn, 45. kings of ; Diarmed, 78 ; Meuric (Mau- rius) 122, 156 ; Gurgujns, 195 ; Dun- wallo, 222 ; Beliuus, 223 ; Arthur, 223 ; (Strathclyde), xcv. 15. " Britonum, Historia, Saxon and Welsh addi- tions to," described, xxvi. ; their chrono- logy, xxviii. ; text, 1 1 ; Irish and Pictish additions to, described, xxxi. clxvi. ; text, 23. Britus, son of laacon, 32. See Brutus. Briuin, son of Eachach muigmedon, 309. See Brian. Brod, 400. See Bred. Broes, 126. See Bass. Brois, Robert de, 339. See Bruce. Bruce, Marjory, marries Walter Stewart, 340. Bmce, Bruys, Robert de, his castle of Annandale, 215, 307. Bruce, Bruys, Robert de, 307. Bruce, Brois, Bruys, Brus, Robert de, king of Scotland, cl.xxv. 307 ; the choice of the people ; compared to Joshua and Macca- baeus, 293 ; ausurper, 297 ; slays Comyn, 389; crowneJ at Scone, 389; dies, 389. Bruce, David (David II.), son of Robert, king of Scotland, 297, 340, 389, 390. Brud, son of Denegus, Biude, son of Tone- gus, Tenegus, Engus, king of the Picts. See Brude, son of Angus. Brud, son of File, Brude, sou of Bile. See Bredei, son of Bile. Brud, son of Fodel, Brude, son of Fetal, Fochel, Fokel, king of the Picts, clxxxix. 150, 173, 202, 287. Brud, son of Methor, 150 ; Brude, son of Melcho, Melcon, 173, 286. See Bridei. Brude, list of the, 5, 26, 324, 397 ; said to be thirty in number, but twenty-eight only enumerated, Gest and Urgest proba- bly complete the list, cv. Brude, son of Angus, Engus, Denegus, Tene- gus, Tonagus, king of the Picts, cxxiv. 150, 173, 201, 286; defeats Talorgan, son of Congus, 75, 356 ; dies, 76, 357. Brude, son of Dergart, 150 ; Dergert, 201 ; Decili, 173. See Bredei, son of Derilei. Briide, son of Fathe, 173 ; Fochle, 150 ; Fruth, 286. See Breidei, son of Wid. Brude, son of Ferat, 173 ; Ferant, 150 ; Feradhach, 202 ; Ferech, 287. See Bred. Bru^hi, 72. See Bredei, son of Bill. Bruide, son of Foith. See Breidei, son of Wid. Bruigi. See Brude. Bruinalban, Ixxxv. 136. See Drumalban. Brunanburgh, Duinbrunde (Northumber- land), Athelstane defeats the Danes and Scots at, cxli. 9. Brunhere, 137. See Drumalban. Brus, 297. See Bruce, Robert de. " Bruts, the Welsh," notice of, xHii. ; extracts from, 120. " Brut, Layamon's." See Layamon. " Brut y Saeson,"by Caradocof Llancarvan, not an imperfect copy of the " Brut y Twysogion," xlvi. Brutus, Briutus, Britus, son of Isacon (As- canius), xliii. 135, 234, 240, 243, 330; 438 INDEX. after the destruction of Troy, with many Trojan nobles, sails to Albinn, 222 ; banishes Albanus and takes possession of Alban, 57, Albion, 222 ; slays Donald, son of Alpin, 32 ; his descendants kings of Scotland, 117, 118; his three sons and their division of Britain, xliii. 121, 222, 279; gives name to Britain, 166, 222, 279, 399 ; the tradition regai-ding their alleged descent from Brutus rejected by the Scots, clxx. 378, 380. Bruys, 307. See Bi'uce, Eobert de. Bnaighne, 48. See Buanaise. Buain, son of Mais, 2-1, 323. Buanaise, Buaigne, one of the companions ofDonn, 31, 48, 126, 328. Buass, 328. See Bass. Buchan (Aberdeenshire), one of the subdivi- sions of Scotia, Ixxxiv. 136 ; the Somarli- dians defeated in, 10. Buckinghamshire, in Danelaga, 154. Buitte, son of Bronaig, 66, 344. See St. BoethiuR, Bute, Isle of, so called from St. Brandan, 380. Bute, 344; Buti, 167. See St. Boetbius. Cablein, 317. See Caplene. Cadiz, Bay of, 108. Cadroe, St., his parentage and birth, 109, 110 ; sent by his uncle Beanus to Armagh for instruction, 112; returns to Scotland and teaches the people ; departs again in consequence of a vision seen by Beanus, 115; reaches Cumbria, .and is received by King Donald ; visits Leeds, York, London, where he miraculously stays the progress of a fire, and Winchester, 116. " Cadroe, St., Life of," xli. ; text, 106. Cadwaladyr Vendigeit, goes to Rome, 162. Cadwallader, the last king of the Britons, 304 ; the History of Geoffrey of Mon- mouth terminates with his reign, xlv. Caedwalla, king of the Britons, xcii. See Catguollaun. Caeldub, son of Fergus salaig, numbers of his gens, 813. Caemlach, eon of Sarran and Babona, 52. Caeredin, Etain, Etin (Carriden, Linlithgow- shire), siege of, cxv. 70, 347. Caerleon, Cairlegion, Legionmn civitas, Legeoin, battle between the Saxons and the Britons at, 14, 67, 161, 168, 346 ; feast held by Arthur at, 223. Csesar, C. Julius, 108. Cailtaine, Cailtarn, Cailtram, Ke.Ituran, Kelhiran, Kyburcan, son of Girom, Gigu- rum, Gigurnus, Gygurn, king of the Picts, 7, 28, 150, 172, 200, 286, 399. Caini, Island of, 348. Cairbre, son of Conall, 309. Cairleon, Cair Legion. See Caerleon. Cairndrum (Glen Dochart), Ixxxiii. Cairnnech, son of Sarran and Babona, 52 ; his brother Luirig oflends him ; he pro- mises the kingdom of Erin and Britain to Mucertach mac Erca if he will keep him in check, 53 ; a miracle wrought in answer to his prayer, 54 ; bishop of Tours, Corn- wall, and Britain ; convenes a synod at Tours to purge heresy and extend the power of the Church ; goes on a pilgrim- age 'with 150 bishops ; builds a city underground in Cornwall ; goes to Erin, and is the first bishop of the clan Neill, 55 ; the first martyr, the first monk, and the first Brehon of Erin, 56. Cairpre mor, king of, 77. Caislen Credhi, 375. See Castellum Credi. Cait, Got, son of Cruidne, 4, 25, 323, 324, 396 ; in the Pictish legend represents Caithness, civ. Caithness, Cat, Cateneys, Cathanesia, Cath- ania, clxxxii. 136, 197, 212 ; one of the divisions of Scotland ; its extent, Ixxxiv.- l.xxxvii. 215; in D