rM». 
 
 CHIN^ 
 
 A FULL ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 KUCHENG MASSACRE, 
 
 AND 
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PUBLIC INDIGNATION MEETING 
 
 REPRINTED PROM THE “NORTH-CIIINA DAILY NEWS." 
 
 1895- 
 

THE KUCHENG MA8SA(’RE 
 
 GREAT PUBLIC MEETING. 
 
 On Monday evening, /itli August, ISOo, ' 
 one of tJie largest, most representative and 
 most enthusiastic meetings ever held in 
 Shanghai took place in the Astor Hall to 
 consider what action should be taken in con- 
 nection with tlie terrible massacre in 
 Kucheng. The meeting was convened by 
 the China Assordation in the following form : I 
 — “ The Committee of the China Association 
 in response to the general feeling of sorrow 
 and indignation felt bj' the community re- 
 garding the Massacre reported on Saturday, 
 3rd instant, hereby invite the public to 
 attend a meeting at the Astor Hall, at •'> 
 o’clock this afternoon, to coasider what steps 
 should be taken in the circumstances.” d'ho 
 seating accommodation of the fine hall was 
 taxed to its utmost, and when the chair 
 was taken a few minutes after five the meet- * 
 iiig had assumed such proportions that the 
 amlience hatl os-erflowed on to the varan- 
 ilah running along one side of the hall, 
 whilst at the back, under the gallery, many 
 persons had to stand throughout the pro- 
 ceedings. All sections of the community 
 were represented, including many ladies, 
 and the unanimity of sentiment was a 
 forcible demonstration of the intensity of 
 the feeling aroused by this latest outrage. 
 Some ot the speeches were literally punct- 
 uated with applause, which wa,s frequently 
 prolonged for several moments. On the plat- 
 form were Messrs. R. M. Campbell, C. J. 
 Dudgeon, E. B. Skottowe, E. A. Probst, W. 
 H. Talbot, C. Dowdall, and A. ATright (of 
 the Committee of the China Association), 
 whilst letters of apology for inability to 
 attend had been received from the Rev. H. 
 
 C. Hodges and ^Ir. W. S. Wetmore. 
 
 Mr. R. M. Campbell, in calling the meet- 
 ing to order, said — The China Association 
 having called this meeting to-day it devolves 
 upon me as Chairman of the Shanghai 
 Branch of the Association to read the notice 
 calling the meeting after which the meeting 
 w’ill 1)6 good enough to elect their own 
 Chairman. (The notice printed above was 
 then read. I 
 
 Mr. Alex. McLeod — I beg to propose 
 that ^Ir. B. M. Campbell be requested to 
 
 take the chair at this meeting. (Applause.) 
 As the Chairman of the Shanghai Branch 
 of the China Association, which body has 
 called together this assemblage, I do not 
 think there could be a more fitting person 
 to preside over this meeting than Mr. 
 Campbell. 
 
 The Rev. T. Richard seconded, and the 
 resolution was carried nem. con. 
 
 The Chairman — Ladies and gentlemen, 
 it is not easy in Shanghai for any but a 
 very few to invite your attendance at such 
 a meeting as this without the callers of the 
 meeting appearing to place them.selves in 
 a more ^jromiuent position than they have 
 ])erhaps any right or desire to occup}'. 
 1 tnist that I may on behalf of the China 
 Association take it for granted by your 
 numerous attendance, that you approve of 
 our action in calling this meeting. The 
 object with which the China Association was 
 formed was for thepurjiose of furthering and 
 protecting British interests in matters con- 
 nected with China. I am sorry to say that 
 those interests appear to me to be daily fall- 
 ing into greater jeopardy. There can be no 
 question whatever that we have met to-day 
 to consider a matter specially calling for 
 .swift and strong action on behalf of the 
 British authorities, but it is because some 
 of us, I hope all of us, believe that w’hat 
 threatens one foreigner in China threatens 
 all foreigners that we have invited foreign- 
 ers of all nationalities in Shanghai to attend 
 this meeting. So that in our hour of sorrow 
 w'e may have their sjunpathy and in our hour 
 of need their help, as they have had ours and 
 would have them again. (Applause.) This 
 is the third meeting of a similar nature that 
 I have attended during the sixteen years 
 I have lived in Shanghai. There has been 
 ample cause given during that time for pro- 
 bably thirty meetings of a similar kind to 
 be held. I say this so that those upon w’hom 
 we must probably depend for success — 
 I mean the public of America and England 
 — may know that we are not in the habit of 
 holding such meetings for trivial reasons. 
 Each one of those meetings was held for 
 the purpose of placing the extreme gravity 
 
•2 
 
 of tlie 'situation proniiiiputly Itpfovp the | 
 ]\Iiiiisters at Peking, and bogging, iin- j 
 ploring tlicni to do their duty. Had i 
 any proper attention been ])aid to these | 
 representations made from 81ianghai in tlie i 
 first in.stance, I do not believe tliat we | 
 should have had to meet again to dci)lore 
 the cause of the second meeting. Had any 
 proper attention been paid to our repre- 
 sentations following that, I do irot believe 
 we should have had to meet again to-day. 
 As, however, the Ministers concerned allow- 
 ed themselves as usual to be humlnigged by j 
 tlie Chinese, as they in the most mean, 
 contemptible, and culpable way allowed 
 tliose acts of violence to be i)aid for by a 
 few dollars, and condoned and hushed them 
 u]), we have met once more to see if we can- 
 not do something to help ourselves and to 
 avert in the future furtlier friglitful disasters 
 wliich I am sorry, very .sorry, to say appear 
 to be principally attributed to the manner 
 in which all such matters have been dealt 
 with in the past by the Ministers con- 
 cerned. For weeks, indeed for months, we 
 have been hara.ssed by the narratives of , 
 the refugees from the riots at Chengtu. 
 
 At an early period after the news reached 
 Shanghai, the China Association tele- 
 graphed to the British Jlinister at 
 Peking asking for information on the 
 subject and as to what was being 
 done. A telegram was received and com- 
 municated to the Pre.ss which no doubt 
 you all remember to the eflect that “the 
 A.s.sociation and the Press were to be in- 
 formed that strong measures were being 
 taken.” '\^'hat those mea.sures were we 
 don’t know, we were not told. At la.st 
 we learn incidentally by a telegram in the 
 papers that a Junior Con.sul and an Ameri- 
 can ^Mi.ssionary have been appointed to 
 leiiresent British and American intere.sts 
 on the Commission of Enquiry. I have 
 not one word to say against either of those 
 gentlemen; it is quite jtossible that they 
 may be eminently qualified by their natural 
 abilities to be members of that commis.sion. 
 But J do .say most emidiatically that their 
 rank and standing are two insuperable 
 obstacles, and that neither Sir N. O’Couor 
 nor Colonel Denby ought to have placed 
 them in such a position. (Cheers.) It is al- 
 most incredible that they should have ap- 
 pointed suah representatives on a joint com- 
 mi.s.sion of which two members at least on 
 the Chine.se side are of superior rank even ' 
 to the Consul appointed, and the j^rincipal 
 person to be judged, as tar as we know, is 
 an e.\'-Viceroy. But what is quite incredible 
 is that Sir N. O’Conor and Col. Denby ! 
 should have as.sented to the appointment on 1 
 the commission of the Chengtu prefect | 
 
 whose hands are by no means clean in the 
 matter. It is ju-<t as much a lie to accuse 
 missionaries of drugging children and con- 
 cealing them in tiii-litied boxes under the 
 floor as it woidd be to accuse Sir N. O’Conor 
 or Col. Denby of doing so. The only difler- 
 ence is that one is a ^Minister of God and 
 the other a Dlinister of a Queen or a 
 country. In the one case diplomacy would 
 not permit of trouble being made; in the 
 other probably immediate .and sufficient 
 reparation would be insisteil on. How 
 often have we heard a cry from one port 
 or another in China? How often has 
 the cry been disregarded? During the 
 late war it was found quite easy to provide 
 sufficient foreign soldiers in Peking itself to 
 lu-otect the iMini.sters of Queens, and Kings, 
 and countries. No one gruilsfcd them the 
 protection they no doubt needed, but they 
 should remember that and not grudge help 
 to others whose iiosition is ten times more 
 hazardous. (.Vpjdause.) 1 do not wish to 
 refer in detail to the direct cause of to-d.ay’s 
 meeting. The expresses which have been 
 di.stributed during the day have told you 
 that ten people have been murdered near 
 Kucheng. I consider the persons largely 
 responsible for those ])articular murders — by 
 the course of conduct they have juirsued- — 
 are the .succe.ssive British ^Ministers at Pe- 
 king. I do not think that any money repara- 
 tion should be accepted from the Chiue.se 
 government. (Hear, hear.i I think that such 
 should come from the British government. 
 I think the Chinese government should 
 be immediately forced — I use the word 
 forced advisedlv — to ininish with the most 
 extreme severity of the law those who 
 are guilty of the murders. You will have 
 seen that the (jhina As.soclation sent a 
 telegram bust night to her Majesty’s 
 ^Minister at Peking. No reply thereto 
 has yet been received. (Cries of “Shame.”) 
 1 cannot sav mvsclf that I expecte<l a reply, 
 but still there is also this to be sai<l that 
 there niav not have been time to receive it. 
 Our ])!ist experience shows us, I think, that 
 it is usele.ss to extrect help from our rejire- 
 sentalives in this country. A resolution 
 will be i)roposed to you’ by my friend 
 Major Dlorrison which 1 hope will meet 
 with vour mianiinous approval and gain 
 for those who are living scattered over 
 this v.a.st country in small and unarmed 
 communities the help that is nwe.ssary to 
 allow them to lead in peace their lives of .self- 
 .sacrifice and well-doing. (f.oud applau.se.) 
 
 Major Itlorrison said — Mr. Chairman, ladies 
 and gentlemen, while 1 aiknowledge the 
 compliment that has been paid me in .ask- 
 ing me to propo.se this re.solution, I cannot 
 help wishing that it h.ad fallen to the lot 
 
3 
 
 of some one else to be cliosen for this 
 important duty, ^\’■e liave met here tliis after- 
 noon to expre.ss our horror of tlic atrocities 
 which have taken i)lace; to express our 
 sympathy with the survivors and the friends 
 of the victims; but above all to a.sk the 
 a.ssistanee of those in power to put a stop 
 to this lamentable state of aflair.s. The 
 •special case which lias brought us here 
 to-day is the murder of ten people under 
 circumstancas of such a terrible character 
 that I admit I am utterly unable in a public 
 meeting to do more than refer to them. 
 The circumstances, however, will no doubt 
 be made public by the Press, and what I 
 have to do is to explain our position in the 
 matter and set forth the reasons why we, the 
 inhabitants of Shanghai, should hold a public 
 meeting and express our views on what has 
 taken place in a neighbouring province. 
 And first I would like to clear the ground 
 by saying what we do not want to insist 
 oil. the rights of mis.sionaries to travel 
 and settle in the interior are matters with 
 which I conceive this meeting has no con- 
 cern. I venture to state that if a meeting 
 had been called to consider that question, 
 the audience woidd not have included one 
 tenth of the persons here present. The 
 meeting to-day includes those of all shades of 
 opinion. There are those who entirely 
 sympathise with the missionaries. There 
 are those who while aj)proviug of the 
 principles of the missionaries body consider 
 that the results of their labours hardly com- 
 pensate for the cx])endilure of time and 
 trouble, and there are those who do not ap- 
 prove o( missionary work at all and who sin- 
 cerely Ibink I bat the win’ld woidd be .so much 
 the better it the labours of the mendrers ol 
 the missionary societies were delivered into 
 another channel. And the only chuss want- 
 ing, I believe, to be those who invent and 
 [lossibly believe the silly stories which one 
 occasionally sees to the effect that the 
 whole missionary community are a set of 
 impostors. We residents out here who 
 meet members of that body and number 
 them among our friends can feel nothing 
 but shame wlien we see such opinions 
 published, even if we feel that we cannot 
 give mi.s.sionary enterprise our hearty sup- 
 jiort. We are not here therefore to sup- 
 port the missionary movement, we are not 
 here to insist on their right to travel and 
 settle, we are here to insist on their right to 
 be treated as human beings. (Hear, hear.) I 
 am not .sure that aii IfnglLshman has any right 
 to settle in France or the United States. 
 I am not sure that a foreigner has any 
 right to settle in Kngland. and such rights 
 as any of us have to settle in China are 
 only those which are granted to us by 
 
 treaty; but the ordinary rights of every man 
 to be treated as a fellow creature are 
 independent of treaties or of inteimational 
 law, and I say without fear of con- 
 tradiction that it is the duty of every 
 civilised government to see that its 
 subjects or citizens receive what is their due 
 to this extent. When Palmerston, that iMi- 
 nister Avho possessed all the faults of which 
 Englishmen are proud, rendered famous 
 those well known words civis liouuuuis 
 amii he never intended to be answerable for 
 the justice of the claim of Don Pacifico; he 
 only wished to maintain, and for the time did 
 maintain, the projrosition that an English- 
 man was entitled to justice, and that the 
 English government would see that he got it 
 and this is what we members of all nationa- 
 lities now ask for our fellow-countrymen, be 
 they missionaries or merchants. Even a mis- 
 take or worse than a mistake on the part of 
 an individual does not rob him of that right. 
 A stowaway has no right on board a ship, 
 
 I but the captain has uo right to throw him 
 overboard or starve him to death, and would 
 probably be hanged for murder if he did 
 either. And now let it be clearly understood 
 I do not compare the case of missionaries in 
 the interior with the position of a stowaway 
 on a ship. I only wish to emphasise the point 
 that this meeting as a meeting has nothing 
 to do with their rights and had better not 
 insist on them. "W^e might make some 
 mistake and it might be pointed out that as 
 our premises were incorrect our conclusion 
 could not be accepted. I wish to go on the 
 point siiii|>ly that in this juirticular case the 
 mi.ssionarie.s were at Kuclieug and were en- 
 titled to be treate<l as human creatures, 
 and following on that 1 wish to maintaiu 
 tliat if they were not .so treated the wrong- 
 doers ought to be called to account by the 
 goveruments of the victims. There is no 
 doubt a desire on the part of governments to 
 keep clear of troubles in distant lands. They 
 do not want to be bothered with them, and 
 up to a certain point one can understand 
 I this. As a rule out here we are Conserva- 
 I tives, but I fancy very few of us would 
 like to be cross-examined about the 
 questions that excite the greatest interest 
 and even make and break governments in 
 Europe. The point on which the last 
 government went out may have appealed to 
 me personalljq for the impossibility of get- 
 ting ships to bring ammunition here while 
 , a state ol war existed has ofteu caused me 
 much anxiety. But as a rule I fear local 
 matters assume a more imjioi'taut position 
 than Imiicrial matters, and we must not be 
 surprised if the same thing occurs at home 
 and if the governuieiit let a Minister know 
 that the less they hear from him the better. 
 
4 
 
 Then there is the feeling which is general, 
 though happily not universal at home, that 
 the colonist or settler is a man absolutely 
 oblivious to any rights except his own. 
 That if he gets into trouble with the in- 
 habitants of the countiy where he resides it 
 is almost certainly his own fault. If those 
 at home could really recognise the fact that 
 we are very much like themselves, that 
 we are the same flesh and blood and 
 have the same feelings of justice and 
 fair dealing as our brothers whom we 
 have left in the old country, they would 
 hearken much more willingly to our ap- 
 l>eals for help. And if there ever was a 
 case where we have a right to make an 
 appeal this is one. The European govern- 
 ments Jointly or singly are able to say to 
 the Chinese government : “You shall respect 
 the lives and property of our nationals. If 
 any of our nationals commit any crime, or 
 it appears to you that they have acted in a 
 way not justified by treaty you can bring 
 them before the proper courts and they 
 will be dealt with, but if in defiance of all 
 treaties, in defiance of all international 
 laws, in defiance of the ordinary dictates of 
 humanity you rob and murder them or allow 
 them to be robbed and murdered then we 
 will by force punish you as we see fit.” (Hear, 
 hear.) There is no doubt an immense differ- 
 ence between a mere local outbreak and an 
 attack connived at, if not encouraged by, 
 the authorities. Kiots and local attacks 
 accompanied by deeds of the most hideous 
 brutality are unfortunately not unknown 
 in European countries, and in this par- 
 ticidar instance we do not as yet know all 
 the details, but this much I may say, that 
 we are all convinced that the Sungj)n 
 murders could have been prevented by the 
 officials, and we are likewise convinced that 
 there is a very strong p/cmd facie case 
 against the Viceroy of Szechuan with 
 regard to the Chengtu outrages. And that 
 even if this last awfiil massacre is the work 
 of a riotous mob, the fact of former outrages 
 having gone unpunished must have gone 
 a long way towards inducing them to com- 
 mit this one. (Applause.) The Chcmgtu 
 attack lias not yet been enquired into and it 
 is our duty to do all that in us lies to bring 
 before our governments the necessity of 
 having that matter enquired into by a com- 
 mission worthy of respect. There is no 
 country in the world where rank counts for 
 so much as China. In England a man’s 
 office gives him standing independent of 
 his rank, but we all of us know that even in 
 the Mixed Court here, where the niagi.s- 
 trate holds a respectable but not very 
 exalted rank, he cannot enforce his ilecisions 
 against men who are possessors of higher 
 
 buttons than the one he wears. For any 
 government therefore to take part in a com- 
 mission consisting of Chinese mandarins of 
 rank inferior to the one whose conduct is to 
 be enquired into is to make itself a laughing 
 stock to the Chinese and to court failure, 
 while to countenance the appointment on 
 the commission of a person who to all ap- 
 pearances ought to be one of the accused is a 
 proceeding which I can find no wonts to 
 characterise, as it lies entirely outside 
 my limited underetanding. It is not 
 to our officials in China that we have to 
 appeal. AVe speak in a general way of 
 the manner in which our interests are 
 neglected, but as soon as we meet and 
 make friends with one after another wc 
 become convinced that the fault is not 
 theirs. It is to the highest authorities in 
 Europe that we must appeal and we all 
 of us know that :is a rule they are honour- 
 able, capable men, to whatever party thej' 
 belong, but their time and attention are 
 naturally taken uj) with home aflairs and if 
 we are to do any good we must through our 
 friends at home and in any other way that is 
 open to iLS try to impre.ss upon the proper 
 authorities that the time has come when the 
 question ofthe safety of the lives of European 
 residents in China cannot be shelved any 
 longer. It is for them to judge whether China 
 ' is to be treated as a civilised country or 
 not, but this aflccts only their methoth of 
 dealing, not the fact that they must act. 
 Inhuman atrocities have been committcsl. 
 If they have been committed by an enraged 
 poi)ulacc then let the perpetrators be 
 punished and let such measures lie taken as 
 appear nece-ssary to prevent such occur- 
 rences in future. If on the other hand on 
 investigation it be discovered, as I believe 
 it will be, that the higher officials, and the 
 central government are to blame, then on 
 them let the punishment fiill and let it be 
 heavy. This is the only port in China where 
 the number of residents is sufficient to 
 enable them to do anything for their own 
 defence and they do what they can, but 
 because the surrounding population have 
 become accustomed to us and we live in 
 comparative security we must not forget 
 our brethren in the interior and we must do 
 what we can to make it clear to our govern- 
 ments at home that they are not free from 
 blame in having allowed former outrages to 
 pa.ss unjnuiished, and I feel certain when 
 they realise the true state of affairs they will 
 take such action as will render a recurrence 
 of such a tragedy as that of Kucheng 
 inqjossible. I beg to propose : — 
 
 That it is resolved to appeal directly to 
 our respective govcrniiicuts for protection 
 ! from outrage by Chinese ; and against the 
 
5 
 
 apparently inadccjuate inaniier in which the I 
 peisons guilty of foiiner outrages have been, I 
 and are being, dealt with. ‘ ' 
 
 Mr. K. AV. Little — Mr. Cliairniaii, ladies 
 and gentleuien, when on Thiir.sday last we 
 felt the south-west wind l)lowing over 
 Shangliai tliere tvas probably none of us 
 who could have had any idea that it came 
 loaded with the death-cries of Itnglish 
 women and girls who had come out to 
 China to spend their lives for the sake of 
 the women and children of China; that it 
 came loaded with the smoke of the burning 
 cottages on the hill-side in Fuhkien, in 
 the ruins of which were lying the chmred 
 remains of a clergyman, his wife, their 
 servant and another lady. ACe can hardly, 
 
 I suppose, so soou realise what that tragedy 
 was that was consummated on Thursday 
 last at Whasang. There are few of us, per- 
 haps, who have yet realised that such a 
 tragedy as this has not been heard of in 
 China since 1870. M^e have had outrages - 
 and murders from time to time — the murder 
 of two men at IVusueh and of two men at 
 !8uugpu — but not such a wholesale murder 
 as this, consummated by savages who 
 are uot savages by nature, for there is 
 none of us who has been very long in 
 China, as I have, but does not realise 
 that Chinamen are uot savages by nature, 
 but have been made savages by the doc- 
 trines preached to them, the preaching of 
 which is as.sented to by the Chinese olli- 
 cials. ( Ai)plau.se.) In the Illue Books of 
 China, in the IhnUi JUvn- l<> Cun i'iit Uoc- 
 In'iies, the work of tiie great Admiral of 
 the Yangtze, Peng Yu-lin, in the Hunan 
 ])ublications, the pcoide are advised to 
 assault and mutilate the missionaries, tlieir 
 wives, the female missionaries and child- 
 ren, and these books have never been 
 jiroperly condemned or withdrawn by the 
 Chinese government. They are dissemin- 
 ated over China to this day. This day the 
 Chinaman is told that he is doing a good 
 action if he kill a missionary or mutilate a 
 missionary woman or girl. It is on this 
 ground that we say the officials are respon- 
 sible for these outrage.s. (Hear, hear.) 
 We do not know as a matter of fact that the 
 officials had anything to do with this massa- ' 
 ere at Kucheng, but we do know that they 
 allow books and placards and pamphlets ' 
 to be disseminated among the people urging 
 the Chinese to do these atrocious deeds. What 
 has been done to the author of the infamous 
 Hunan publications, Chou Han? Has he 
 ever been punished? No. l\'e held a 
 meeting in Shanghai on that subject and 
 sent up the minutes of our meeting to our 
 Ministers in Peking. We sent them home 
 also to the home goverumeuts, but to this . 
 
 moment nothing has been doue to make 
 things better in Hunan, and so these things 
 go forth, and some too have gone forth with 
 the im])riniatiir of the government in>on 
 thenn There are two subjects before ii. 
 to-day, the Chengtu and Kucheng outrage'-s 
 The Kuchena: affair over-shadows, as it must 
 do, the Chengtu affair, but even if the 
 Kucheng massacre had not occurred we 
 should have been perfectly jastified in 
 holding this meeting to prote.st again.st the 
 utter farce which the Chengtu enqiary 
 has been made, with the assent of onr 
 Ministers in Peking. (Loud cheers.) It 
 seems to us impo.ssible and incredible that 
 our Ministers — men of intelligence who 
 know what China is — could have a.ssented 
 to such a farce being made of what should be 
 a solemn and complete enquiry. If they 
 do not know, we know that the full punish- 
 ment of the officials concerned in any one 
 of these outrages would prevent any out- 
 rages of this nature for ten, fifteen or 
 twenty years. They have an example be- 
 fore them. There is not a province in China 
 in which a foreigner’s life is so safe, or the 
 foreigner is so well ti'eated as in Yunnan, 
 because a proper commission was sent to 
 enquire into the murder of IMargary, and 
 although the result of that commission was 
 not what it might have been, .still the 
 memory of it remains, and a foreigner 
 may travel from one end of Yunnan 
 to the other and meet with nothing but 
 rc.sj)cct and kindness. IMinisters in 
 Peking have that [necedciit before them 
 and yet they put them.selves oif, and onr 
 home governments put us o(f, with such a 
 miserable farce as this enquiry at Chengtu. 
 ^’ou do not expect me on an afternoon like 
 this to detain you long. The subject has 
 gone home to the hearts of you all so that 
 it is unnoce.ssary for me to detain you, nor 
 need I say much about this tragedy of 
 Kucheng. One thing, however, I. may 
 say. We have been told in some of the 
 telegrams that this trage<ly of Kucheng was 
 instigated by a secret society or sect known 
 as the Vegetarians. Now it is a very re- 
 markable thing that the Vegetarians in the 
 long experience of missionaries in China, I 
 believe I may .say have never been anti- 
 Christian, having recognised more or le.ss 
 that the missionaries were teaching some- 
 thing of the doctrine they themselves 
 taught, and though there may have been, 
 as Mr. Michie mentions in his Missiun- 
 aiies in. China, some cases of indiscre- 
 tion, I believe that the missionaries 
 have recognised that the \'egetarians were 
 doing in their own way a good work 
 amongst the people. It is perfectly in- 
 credible that a sect like the Vegetarians, 
 
6 
 
 who object to cal flesh because tliey object 
 to taking life, could have been the iiiur- i 
 (lerers at Kucheng. (Hear, hear.) Hut 
 it is quite possible that some other in- 
 fluence was at work and that the men who 
 enacted this tragedy were told to call 
 themselves members of the Vegetarian 
 sect. That, however, we shall probably 
 know by and by. The object of this meeting 
 is to ])ass this resolution that we should ap- 
 ])cal direct to our home governments. Our 
 experience of our IMinisters at Poking surer 
 ly warrants us in i)assing this resolution 
 unanimously, nor indeed is it necessary 
 than anything more should be said on it. 
 
 It is obvious we mhst go straight to head- 
 quarters if we want the lives of our brothers 
 in the interior to be made as safe as ours 
 are here. If we get nothing by going to 
 head-quarters we have done what we can, 
 but I feel confident the voice of this large 
 and general meeting will be heard at home, 
 and I hope the result will be tliat some 
 signal punishment will be inflicted not 
 merely on the poor men who may have 
 actually done the murders but upon the j 
 oHicials who winked at their commission, for ' 
 as the Chine.se proverb says, “the people 
 move as the mandarin winks.” It is to be 
 hoped that these last outrages will be .so 
 visited on the officials who are responsible 
 for them that no such outrage will be 
 possible in China tor many years. 1 have 
 very much pleasure in seconding this re- 
 solution. (.\i>i)lanse.) 
 
 d'lie Rev. Timothy Richaid — Mr. Chair- 
 man, I have l)eeu asked to sni)[)()rt this 
 resolntion. I wisli sjieeially to sn])jiort 
 llie first part of i(. .\fiei' spending “o 
 years of my life in endeavouring to ]>romot(i 
 the best interests of the Chinese I think it ' 
 would be difficult to make out a ciise that 
 I am actuated by an anti-Chinese bias. I 
 believe the Chinese possess qualities which 
 are not behind those of any other nation in 
 the world. The people are good, many of 
 the mandarins are friendly tf)o, but a large 
 number seem to be inconigibly bad. 
 tint it is my duty to-day in tlie face of 
 such terrible outrages against my fellow- 
 countrymen to take a glance at those great 
 riots of China which have come within the 1 
 sj)hcre of my observation, and instead of 1 
 liaving to record increasing friendship and 
 gratitude of the Chinese tor the gigantic 
 charities of Christendom in China, I have 
 to record continued hostilities and guilt of 
 the Chiuese authorities. First we have 
 the great Tientsin Massacre of 187U when 20 
 ICuropeaus (mostly Sisters of Charity) were 
 brutally murdereil by the collusion of the 
 Taotai,* the Prefect and Magistrate there, 
 lu 1873 we had the murder of Mr. Margary 
 
 by the Mandarin Li Sich-tai. In 18S3-4 
 we had a general onslaught on 18 chapels, 
 and on the homes of native Christians in 
 the province of Canton, fl'hat was in 
 consequence of a joint inflammatory pro- 
 clamation ]nit out by the \’’iceroy and 
 Admiral. In 1886 there were riots both 
 in Kiangsi and in iSzechuan. The Roman 
 Catholic Lo resisting an armed mob which 
 surrounded his house was put to death by 
 the Chiue.se authorities. From 1886 to 1S!)() 
 there were chronic troubles in Shantung 
 against missionaries of all nationalities. A 
 (Jermaii Consul who was sent to investigate 
 the matter discovered the instigator of these 
 to be a member of the Tsungli Yamen it- 
 self! In 18lJl we were startled by a .scries 
 of riots all along the Yangtze valley from 
 Shanghai to Ichang and foreign ports in 
 other provinces had to arm themselves as 
 they were in constant dread of riots. These 
 were afterwards discovered to be in conse- 
 quence of a widespread proj)aganda having 
 its headquarters in Hunan and the leader 
 was Chou Han, none other than a man- 
 darin of the rank of Taotai. The man 
 ^vho would not allow the friends of the 
 murdered victims to be ])re.sent at the 
 mock trial of the murderers of the two 
 fifwedes was a great Viceroy. iVbout the 
 same time we learnt of a murderous 
 attack on Dr. Greig in IManchuria by 
 Chinese soldiers. In 1894 we had to 
 record the fold murder of Jfr. ^\’’ylic in 
 IManchuria by Manchu soldiers. There have 
 been riots also in Hunan, in JInpeli, in 
 Shensi, in ICansn, in Kueicliow, as well a.s 
 aUi'iiipts nia<le lostir np riots in Sliansi liy 
 proclamations in my possession issued by 
 (lie (Mdnose magi.'lralcs. In i\lay (Ids year 
 we had the riots in Szechuan in which twen- 
 ty stations were wrecked and over a hundred 
 foreigners were kept in daily suspcn.se 
 about their own personal safety for weeks. 
 Instead of using the soldiers close at hand 
 to check the riots the mandarins issued 
 proclamation to urge them on. Before the 
 riots in Szechuan were over nows re.ached 
 us of an outbreak in .lune against native 
 Christian near Wenchow in Chekiang. 
 Jloforc definite news of what is going 
 to be ilone in settlement of the I8ze- 
 chuau troubles reaches us we arc stunned 
 by the crowning atrocity of all recent 
 riots of ten of our fellow-countrymen 
 brutally murdered, and all but one arc 
 ladies and children. From this outline it 
 is evident (hat with the exce]>tion -if that 
 be an exception — of Kuangsi province, the 
 riots have been universal throughout every 
 ]irovince in the Fmpire. Another thing 
 that should be carefully noteil is this, that 
 all the great riot.s up to the Fukieu one 
 
7 
 
 liave been instigated directly or indirectly 
 by tlie C'liines^e authorities themselves. 
 ^Vhether they have had any share in the 
 Fukien massacre or not will be made 
 clear on investigation. The object of 
 presenting you with sueh a lung li.st 
 of riots is to show as briefly as i)Ossible 
 what our position has been during the 
 last 35 years and how the Chinese protect 
 our lives and property. We have appealed 
 again and again to our own authorities 
 and they, treating the Chinese as honest 
 in their intentions, in turn appeal to them 
 to carry out the treaty contract of pro- 
 tection, with what result our gatliering 
 here to-day shows. Since the Chinese 
 will not or cannot protect us, it matters 
 not whicli, there is but one cour.se left us 
 and that is we henceforth cease from appeal- 
 ing to the Cliinese and appeal directly to 
 our respective governments for protection. 
 \\’’e meet here to-day, that you may decide 
 whether you wish to trust to Cliinese 
 protection any longer. Believing that we i 
 are one in the opinion that their acts amply | 
 jirove that they cannot be trusted I there- 
 fore most heartily support the resolution. 
 (Applause.) 
 
 Tlie Rev. J. R. Hykes — Mr. Chair- 
 man, ladies and gentlemen, as a citizen of 
 the Great Republic, I am glad that this 
 meeting has been called by the very in- 
 fluential China As.sociation. Tt is eminent- 
 ly proper that we should meet here this 
 afternoon to express our sorrow and sense 
 of bereavement at the loss of our friends, 
 and our horror and indignation at the | 
 brutal manner in which they have come to 
 their untimely end. It is also fitting that 
 we shonld tender our deep sympathy to 
 those who have been so suddenly and 
 sadly bereaved, to the Society under which I 
 they laboured, as well as to the more per- 
 sonal relatives and friends of the martyred 
 missionaries, ft is right that we should 
 let the survivor’s know that all Shanghai, 
 irrespective of class, or creed, or nationality, 
 is .stirred with profound indignation at 
 the thought of the awful experiences 
 through which they have been called to 
 l)ass. And it is our duty to demand of our 
 goV'ernments that such immediate action 
 shall be taken as will at once and for ever 
 juit an end to these abominable atrocities. ' 
 Feelings of jratrioti.sm and humanity alike ! 
 unite in impelling us to express our- ' 
 selves in no uncertain sounil. Our 
 fellow-countrymen have been hounded ; 
 like wild beasts from their burning houses, j 
 A noble man and his devoted wife have j 
 been burned alive in their peaceful home. ^ 
 Refined and delicate ladies have been 
 brutally massacred in cold blood, and God | 
 
 only knows what horrors preceded their 
 murder. Beautiful children have been done 
 to death with a savage cruelty which would 
 put a savage to the Ijlush. Innocent babes 
 have been mutilated. The very refinement of 
 fiendish cruelty was reached in the gouging 
 out of a baby’s eye. Can any man, who is 
 worthy to be called a man, keep silent? 
 The account of eye-witnesses of the.«e 
 horrible butcheries eurdles one’s blood, 
 and arouses righteous hatred against the 
 )ierpetrator.s of such nameless barbarities. 
 The dead are beyond the reach of our poor 
 sympathy and help, but we have a plain 
 duty to the living. It is incumbent upon 
 us to bring such influence to bear upon our 
 respective governments as .shall secure to our 
 countrymen in the far off and lonely 
 stations, that protection which treaties and 
 humanity alike guarantee them. These 
 men and women are the pioneers of civi- 
 lisation and commerce, as well as of our 
 common faith, and as such they are entitled 
 to our sympathy and our help. They 
 must be protected. These inhuman and 
 unprovoked butcheries must cease. This 
 massacre is a terrible comment upon the 
 masterly inactivity with which theSzechuan 
 riots have been treated. It is precisely 
 what anyone acquainted with China coidd 
 have predicted. The officially instigated 
 rabble can burn and plunder with impunity ; 
 why not go a step further, and massacre 
 the hated foreigners? Two months have 
 passed since the Szechuan riots, and 
 what has been done? A Chinese com- 
 mission has been organised and its 
 su)inel accepted by our representatives. It 
 consists of the Provincial Judge of Sze- 
 chuan ; the notorious Wang, Provincial 
 Treasurer, one of the authors of the pro- 
 clamation which stirred up the feeling 
 which culminated in the riot, and the 
 other is the Prefect of Chdngtu, from 
 whose fertile brain wa.s evolved the boy- 
 in-the-box incident, and who further dis- 
 tinguished himself by formally trying two 
 of the missionaries while imprisoned in his 
 yinnhi. The vei’y men who planned and 
 instigated and encouraged the riots ap- 
 pointed Imperial High Commissioners to 
 investigate and rej)ort upon them! Who 
 ever heard of a criminal sitting as judge 
 and jury at his own trial? Would it not 
 be well to h.ave the chief of the Vegetarian 
 Society, or the leader of the Kolao Uni 
 he.ad the commi.ssion to inquire into the 
 Kucheng outrages ? The joint British and 
 American commission, as proposed, consists 
 of Consul Tratman, and the Rev. Spencer 
 Lewis as the American member. Consid 
 Tratman is a very able man, and he has won 
 the respect and admiration of all nation- 
 
8 
 
 nlitics hy tlie active interest he has taken 
 in the Szecluian affair. Perhaps no Consul 
 conUl he selected who would better satisfy 
 those directly interested, illr. Lewis is an 
 able man, and a brilliant scholar. No 
 American would object to him as a member 
 of this commission, but I .submit that we 
 want officers of the highest rank duly 
 appointed and commissioned by the home 
 governments. Tliey must be men of suffi- 
 cient rank to sit in judgment upon the 
 notorious Viceroy of Szechuan. (Applause.) 
 f)ur governments do not seem to reali.se 
 the gravity of the situation. I do not .so 
 much blame our Ministers, for their hands 
 are tied by official instructions from home. 
 They have no discretionary jjower. But 
 it seems to me that a man who is worthy to 
 be the representative of a great nation 
 ought to be willing in times of emergency 
 to take responsibilities which he could so 
 well justify to his government. (Renew^ 
 applause.) And on the other hand, a 
 government is not justified in sending out 
 a man whom it cannot trust to act and 
 to act promptly in times like these. If our 
 rei)resentatives do not have tlie authority 
 they should get it, and get it at once. It 
 is said in the information to haml that the 
 massacre at Kueheng was planned and 
 carrieil out by the Vegetarian Society, an 
 alleged branch of the Kolrn, HUi. This 
 ruse r)f the guilty ]>arties to shift the re- 
 s]mnsil)ility upon a secret societv is too 
 ai>parent. It is utterly absurd. The very 
 foundation principles of the Vegetarian 
 Societies forbid the taking of life in its 
 lowest forms. I believe that it is the work 
 of a secret societv, having its headquarters 
 in the iiiiiiieiia of .some of the highest 
 officials In the land, and tor its object 
 the ultimate e\nnilsion of all foreigners 
 from ('hina. Nothing is plainer than 
 that these anti-foreign demonstrations are 
 officially planned and instigated. They 
 will not cease until the guilty parties, no 
 matter what their rank or position, are 
 brought to swift and adequate punishment. 
 The time has passed for temporising with 
 Peking. We should go direct to the pro- 
 vinces and exact reparation there. These 
 massacres must not be settled with the 
 usual “blood money.” Tho.se directly 
 interested in these outrages would be the 
 hast to touch the uneleaji thing, but we 
 do want justice and the prompt and suffi- 
 cient punishment of the perpetrators of 
 these atrocities. We have a right to 
 demand this. And we also want the 
 .supjn-ession <)f the Vile literature which 
 issues fi-om that eess])ool of the Empire, 
 
 I liman; and we are determined that no 
 native newspaper in this t^ettlement shall 
 
 publish such scandulous accounts of the 
 Kucheng m.assacre as they did of the 
 Chengtu riots, even if they are con- 
 tributed to its columns by officials. (Ap- 
 plause.) I speak from a knowledge gained 
 by a residence of more than 21 years in 
 the interior of China, when I say that I 
 believe the wide-spread riots of 1891 which 
 cost two valuable lives at Wu.sueh, the 
 Sungpu mas.sacre, the .Szechuen riots, and 
 now the horrible butchery, were carried 
 out with the connivance of the officials. 
 They should be made to answer for it. 
 Eye-witnes.se.s tell us that at the most there 
 were eighty pei'sons directly engaged in the 
 massacre, and they ajiproached stealthily 
 like fiends in the still hours before day- 
 break and murdered the still slee]>ing and 
 unsuspecting ladies and children. There 
 wasno warning. It was entirely unprovoked. 
 I should like first to .see this meeting wire its 
 sympathy to the survivors, hiecond, to cable 
 to the British Foreign Office and the Hecre- 
 tary of State at Wa.shington urging the 
 immediate apjiointment of a projier commis- 
 sion, which shall impress upon China the 
 gi'avitv and heiuousness of her crimes. The 
 time is opportune for putting an end of 
 these outrages. If our governments do not 
 act ]>rom]>tly and vigorously, we shall find 
 that this is only one inciilent in a terrible 
 chai>ter of bonoi's. (Loud applause.) 
 
 The Chairman — I think, iierbajis, we 
 have heard all we shall bear on the subject 
 we have met to consider. I do not think 
 there is any more that can be said. Major 
 ]\Iorrison has explained in a very logical 
 argument that there is no means whatever 
 of escaping the jiosition in which the Chinese 
 government and the home governments, or 
 the ;\Iinisters in Peking, find themselves. 
 There is no escape fi'oni the position, ilr. 
 Little has emjihasied that and shown us 
 that the Chinese officials have been .system- 
 atically engaged in these outrages. ]\Ir. 
 Richard in a very interesting ri’xinaii 
 of all tlie riots that have been going on 
 here for the last twenty yeai's or more, has 
 shown the same thing, and Mr. Hykes in 
 his most interesting remarks has told us 
 things which have evidently gone to the 
 hearts ot all of you, the principle of which 
 is perhaps that if we have not got :\Iinistei-s 
 here who can do the work one of our princi- 
 ])al objects .should be to get tbem as .soon as 
 we can. (Hear hear.) Mr. Hykes made one 
 reference to the formation of a committee to 
 wire to America. W'cll, you will see that 
 the resolution which was ])ropo.sed by 
 Major Morrison and seconded by Mr. 
 Little was to the effect that it is “ re- 
 solved to apjieal directly to our res])e<‘live 
 governments for protection from outi-age 
 
9 
 
 by Chinese, and against the apparently ' 
 inadequate manner in which the persons 
 guilty of fonner outrages have been, and 
 are being deal with.” In respect to that 
 I would like to say that if the people present 
 at this meeting would like to appoint any- 
 body to act ui)on the committee to carry out 
 the terms of this re.solution, the China 
 As.sociation will be happy to confer with 
 anybody of any nationality who may be 
 appointed by this meeting to carry out the 
 terms of this resolution, u^wn which I will 
 now ask you to vote. 
 
 The resolution was then put to the meet- 
 ing and carried unanimously, amidst con- j 
 siderable cheering. i 
 
 The Chairman repeated his invitation to 
 the representative of any other nationality 
 to join the committee. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. C. F. Reid suggested that 
 the resolution should he left at some con- 
 venient place in Shanghai, say a Bank, 
 for signature by other nationalities. 
 
 The Chairman — I think before you go 
 away if you will allow me I would suggest 
 that the American citizens who wish to 
 associate tliemselves with the British in 
 tliLs matter should appoint the Rev. j\Ir. 
 Hykes to represent them. (Hear, hear.) 
 
 The name of the Rev. J. R. Hykes w’as 
 put to the meeting and unanimously agreed 
 to. 
 
 The proceedings then concluded with a 
 vote of thanks to the Chairman. 
 
10 
 
 STATEMENTS. 
 
 HEV. H. 8. PHTMJPS’ STATEMF.NT. 
 
 On board boat from Suikow, 
 
 3id August, 1895. 
 
 About 6.30 a.in. ou the 1st of August, 
 hearing shouts from the direction of the 
 Stewart’s House — I was sleeping in a house 
 five minutes’ walk ofl’, though spending most 
 of the day with the Stewarts — I went out 
 and at first thought it was simply a number of 
 children playing, but soon I was con- 
 vinced that the voices were those of excited 
 men, and started off for the house. I was 
 soon met by a native who almost pulled 
 me back shouting that the Vegetarians had 
 come. I said that I must go on, and soon got 
 in sight of the house and could see numbers 
 of men, say forty or fifty, carrying ofl’loads of 
 plunder. One man seemed to be the leader, 
 carrj'ing a small red flag. I could see 
 nothing of any Europeans. As this was in 
 full view of the rioters, I crept up the hill 
 in the brushwood and got behind two 
 trees, from tw'enty to thirty yards from the 
 house. Here I could see everything and 
 ajjpeared not to be seen at all. As I could 
 still see no foreigners I concluded they 
 had escaped, and as to go down was 
 certain death, I thought better to wait 
 where I was. After a minute or two the 
 retreat horn sounded and the Vegetarians 
 began to leave, but before they did so they 
 set fire to the houses. Ten minutes after 
 this every Vegetarian had gone. I came 
 down and looked about the front of the house, 
 but could see nothing of any one, though 
 I feared something dreadfiil had happened 
 as I heard the Vegetarians, as they left, say 
 repeatedly, “Now all the foreigners are 
 killed.” I just then met one of the servants 
 who told me the children were in the 
 house ill which Miss Hartford of the 
 American Mi.ssion was staying. I found Mr. 
 Stewart’s eldest daughter JMildred here 
 with a serious wound on one knee, and 
 another severe cut. When I had washed 
 these and put what old calico we had to 
 staunch the bleeding I turned to Herbert, 
 ]\Ir. Stewart’s son, who was fearfully hacked 
 almost everywhere. Then Miss Codriugton 
 sent me a message that she too was in the 
 bouse. I found her in a fearful condition. 
 
 but, with cold water and rags we managed to 
 staunch the bleeding. She begged me not to 
 wait as she thought Miss Top.sy Saunders was 
 still alive. I then ru-shed up to the back of 
 the house and found the bodies of Mi.ss T. 
 Saunders, Miss Stewart, Miss Gordon and 
 Miss Marshall. The latter was awfully 
 cut, her head almost severed, but beyond 
 wounds given in the straggle the bodies 
 were not mutilated; then later I found 
 Miss H. Newcombe’s body at the foot 
 of a hill in front of the house where 
 it had evidently been thrown. As then 
 I could see no traces of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Stewart, Miss N. Saunders, and Lena, 
 the nurse, we hoped some had escaped ami 
 I returned to the house where the children 
 (four Stewart children) and Miss Codrington 
 were. Prasently Miss Hartford arrived; 
 she had received a na.sty cut under one ear, 
 but had been saved from death by a native 
 Christian. I learned later from Mi.ss Cod- 
 rington that the five ladies of the Zenana 
 Missionary Society who lived in the lower 
 of the two houses which form the Kucheng 
 Sanatorium, after a futile effort to escape, 
 got out at the back and were immediately 
 surrounded by Vegetarians. At first they 
 said they intended to bind them and carry 
 them away, and they begged as this was the 
 intention, they might be allowed their um- 
 brellas, but this was instantly refused. Some 
 even of the Vegetarians seemed touched 
 with theirpleading for life. An old Whasang 
 man alone of the natives who did not take 
 part begged that their lives might be saved. 
 Some of the Vegetarians were inclined to 
 spare them, but were orderetl by their leader 
 to carry out their orders. Had they been 
 able to escape into the brushwood around, 
 there seemslittledoubt they might have been 
 saved. The great misfortune w'as that only 
 two were dressed. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart, I 
 learned from Kathleen Stewart, were not 
 dressed. Lena, the nurse, died protecting 
 the baby whom Kathleen managed to carry 
 out of the house though not before her (the 
 baby’s) eye had been injured. Miss Nelly 
 Saunders, Kathleen told me, was also knocked 
 down at the nursery door, going to lielp 
 the children, and as we afterwards found 
 the remains of a burnt body there, we had 
 
ll 
 
 little doubt it was hers. For a long time 
 we thought that at least Mr. and Mrs. 
 Htewart had escaped ; but later I found their 
 bodies, or rather a.shes, in what had been 
 their bed-rodni; The Whasang peojile seem- 
 ed to have as a whole, no hand in the aft'air, 
 though doubtless four or live Vegetarian 
 families were concerned; the natives say a 
 Vegetarian band came from the east road 
 (ot Kucheng city) many from Aneong and 
 Ahdieug ban, within thirty or forty li of 
 Kucheng. The Kucheng magistrate AV''ang 
 came up in the evening to examine into 
 the case. 
 
 MISS HARTFORD’S STATEMENT. 
 
 Ist of August, at 7;30 a.m, heard shouts 
 and yells, servants rushed in, shouting for 
 me to get up, the Vegetarians were coming, 
 they were tearing down the house on the 
 hill (belonging to the English mission). 
 Two minutes later my teacher came to my 
 door, and told me to run. I put on my 
 clothes, rushed out to the door, to be met by 
 a man with a trident spear, who yelled: 
 “ Here’s a foreign woman ! ” and pointed the 
 spear at my chest. I twisted it to one side, 
 and it just grazed my ear and head. He 
 threw me to the ground, and beat me with 
 the wooden end of the spear. A servant 
 came and wrenched the spear away, and 
 told me to run. I jumped down an embank- 
 ment and ran along the road. A servant 
 eame and pulled me along until I got up 
 to the side of the hill where I lay, there 
 to get more breath. After resting I reach- 
 ed a secluded spot and lay there. All the 
 while the yells went on, and the two 
 houses were burning to the ground. After 
 a while the yells stopped and we supposed 
 the Vegetariaas had gone away, so the 
 servant went to see how matters were. He 
 returned in half an hour telling me to come 
 home, and that five ladies of the English 
 mission had been killed, and some wounded 
 were at my house. This was a rented native 
 hou.se, and not troubled at all. I went home 
 to find Miss Codrington much cut about the 
 head and beaten all over, Mildred .Stewart 
 (twelve years) cut on one knee, bleeding 
 very bad, Herbert .Stewart (six years), cut 
 on the head and almost dead, baby Stewart, 
 (one year old) one eye black and swollen, 
 second Stewart girl (Kathleen, eleven years"), 
 and the second boy (three years) were beat- 
 en and pierced with spears, but not seriously 
 injured. The boy vomited all day, at times 
 we thought from fright. Mr. Phillips, of 
 the English mission, lived in a native 
 hoiLse at some distance, and escaped all 
 injury, only arriving in time tojsee the bodies 
 of ,dead and hear the Vegetarians say. 
 
 “We have killed all the foreigners.” At 
 first we heard some of the foreigners had 
 escaped and were in hiding, but as Mr. 
 Stewart did not come we feared the worst. 
 ]\rr. Phillips went to the ruins and found 
 eight bodies, five not burned and three 
 burned, so as not to be recognisable. Dr. 
 Clregory arrived at dark, and dressed the 
 patiente. Coffins were made and the bodies 
 put in and the bones of the burned put in 
 boxes. Afterwards another burned body 
 was found, making nine people massacred. 
 First the Rev. R. AV. Stewart, Mrs. Stewart, 
 Lena (a nurse from Ireland), Nelly Saunders. 
 Topsy Saunders, these lived in the upper 
 hoase called “Stewart House.” Hessy New- 
 combe, Elise Marshall, Lucy Stewart and 
 Annie Gordon. The first four were burned 
 beyond recognition. Miss Toj»y Saunders 
 ran out of the house and was killed outside. 
 Mias Newcombe was thrown down an 
 embankment, her head nearly severed from 
 the shoulders. Miss Gordon’s head was also 
 nearly cut off. The bodies were put in 
 coffins and we left Whasang for Suikow at 
 about 4 o’clock on Friday evening, the 2nd 
 of August. 
 
 Herbert Stewart died about three hours 
 later. We took the body on in a chair and 
 had a coffin made at .Suikow. We reached 
 Suikow at about eight o’clock on Satur- 
 day morning, and telegraphed to Foochow 
 for a steam-launch. We left Suikow in native 
 boats at 3 p.m. On Sunday morning we 
 met a steam-launch going to .Suikow taking 
 soldiers, we engagea it to take us to Foo- 
 chow and soon after met a second steam- 
 launch having on board two English mis- 
 sionaries and our Consul’s brother. 
 
 When I was thrown down, my teacher’s 
 wife called on some Whasang men who stood 
 round so save me. There were four men 
 there and only one Vegetarian, but they 
 would not help me. My teacher’s wife 
 came, tried to pull me away as the Vegeta- 
 rian beat me, and he kicked her. When 
 this Vegetarian kicked her he started down 
 the hill after some Chinese. I escaped. 
 
 There were about one hundred Vegeta- 
 rians, Mr. Pliillips thinks after investigation. 
 I only saw the one man who attacked and 
 shouted “Here is a foreign woman.” He 
 had a trident spear, some of them had 
 swords, and there was at least one gun, for 
 it was fired off. 
 
 The Kucheng ISIagistrate came up to 
 Whasang on Friday evening with one 
 hundred soldiers. He viewed the bodies, 
 saw the injured, and inquired the names of all, 
 and places of injuries, and wrote out an 
 account. He did what he could to help me 
 to get off to Suikow. 
 
DR. J. J. GREGOR Y’.S STATEMENT. 
 
 At 12.30 p.in. On the l.^t Augu.st a native 
 CJiristian ru.sbecl into my study saying that 
 several of the foreign ladie.s at Whasang, 
 a mountain resort twelve miles from Kucheng 
 city, liad been killed that morning, and two 
 house.s burnt. Fifteen minutes later a note 
 from Mt. Phillips confirmed the report, for 
 he said that five ladies Avere dead, Jlr. Stewart 
 missing and four seriously Avounded, and 
 expressed the hope that I was then on my 
 way up. latonce went into the t/mnen where 
 hundreds Of people had already gathered. 
 The District Magistrate (Wan^) said he 
 would himself go right up to Whasang and 
 take some sixty soldiers with him. At 3 p.m. 
 I left Kiicheng city under escort of thirteen 
 soldiers, and arrived at Whasang at 8 p.m. 
 to find that nine adults, British subjects, 
 had been murdered, and that all those alive 
 at Whasang (eight) had been more or less 
 seriously injured, with the exception of Jlr. 
 Phillips, who had arrived at AVhasang only 
 tAvo or three days before and Avas lodging 
 at a natiA’e house some distance from English 
 cottages. 
 
 I at once set to Avork to uiake the injured 
 as comfortable as possible, and found that 
 ]\Iiss Codriugton (English) had received one 
 .sAA’ord cut extending from left angle of the 
 mouth diagonally outAvard and doAvnAvard, 
 seA'en inches in extent, completely dividing 
 the loAver lip, and exposing inferior bone. 
 ( )ne cut on the croAvn foiAvard, some three 
 inches in extent, and quite doAvn to the 
 inner table of the skull, one cut across the 
 nose and beneath right eye, fi\"e inches long, 
 and another cut tlmee inches long on right 
 side of neck, tAVO skin Avounds on the arm 
 and a deep puncture on outside of right 
 thigh, serious. 
 
 Miss Hartford (American) struck in chest 
 with spear, but OAving to her I'esistance and 
 help from others the skin Avas unbroken 
 here. The lobe of right ear Avas cut and 
 several bruises on face and loAver extremities, 
 due to being beaten by the murderer after 
 he had struck her to the ground. AVhile 
 a servant engaged in a struggle Avith him she 
 escaped to the hills, and remained hidden 
 until alhvas over. Most injury to the nervous 
 system. 
 
 Mildred SteAvart (tAveh'e) received Avounds, 
 oue on the OAitside of right knee, six inches 
 long, and opening quite into the joint, expos- 
 hig patella, and Iavo punctured Avounds, one 
 on left leg, and one on left foot, serioas. 
 Kathleen SteAvart (eleven) received several 
 slight Avounds and bruises on face and 
 extremities, not .serious. Herbert (SteAvart 
 (.six) received a tleejj Avouud on the right 
 side of neck, four inches loug, oue ou the 
 
 croAvn, Avhich chipped up external table of 
 skull, one on back part of head, four inches 
 long, Avhich clove the .skull exposing brain, 
 another circular scalp Avound on left side of 
 head, tAvo and a half inches in diameter, 
 a small punctured Avound on exterior j)art 
 of chest, and another stab in back. Died 
 thirty houi-s after injuries, cn route to 
 SuikoAv. 
 
 EAvan StCAvart (thr6e) stab Avound in left 
 thigh, and several bruises and scratclie.s, not 
 serious. Baby StCAvart (thirteen moutlis) 
 stab into right eye, small punctured avouikI 
 left frontile region, Avhich enters cranial 
 cavity. Also sCA-ere brui.ses, .serious. 
 
 Of those Avho Avere killed Outright, Mr. and 
 Mrs. StCAVart, iiliss Nelly Saunders and 
 Lena an Irish nurse, Avere almost iuciiierated, 
 in oue of the burned houses. They Avere, 
 hoAvever, all nuirdered before, the hou.se Avas 
 burned, as is proved by eye-AVitnesses, and 
 as Avould be a natural deduction since they 
 Avould have otherwise endeavoured to escajAC 
 from a burning^ house, Avhich Avas only 
 a single-floor building. JILss Hettie Ncav- 
 combe Avas cut ou left cheek, and left hand, 
 probably Avith a spear, and was then tlu-own 
 over a steep embankment where Ave fouud 
 the body, illiss Marshall’s throat Avas 
 frightfully cut and a deep Avound made 
 on left Avrist. On Miss SteAvart I failed to find 
 any serious Avouud of person, and am inclined 
 to think she died from shock largely. This 
 opinion is confirmed by ^liss Codriugton’s 
 report. ]VIi.ss Oordon received a deep spear 
 Avound in face, another in the neck and oue 
 in side of head. Miss Top.sy Saunder’s death 
 Avas caused by spear Avound, in right orbit, 
 the weapon entering brain. 
 
 Apparently no pod vwrtem mutilation Avas 
 attempted on any of the bodies. This mas- 
 sacre Avas done by members of a Secret 
 Society, knoAvn as the “Vegetarians, who 
 harm been giA'ing .some trouble, alike to 
 Christians and heathen during the past year, 
 in and around Kucheng. From variou.s 
 reports, of those Avho suav the attack, I 
 belieA’e there Avere about eighty men, lumed 
 Avith .spears and SAvords, and seemed strongly 
 organised and under one leader. No one in 
 or near Kucheug knCAv of the intended 
 attack and it Avas terrible. The entire time 
 consumed did not exceed thirty minutes. 
 
 Miss Codriugton tells me they asked to be 
 alloAved to live, and said their propertv aa'us 
 unimportant. That sonie of the murderers 
 Avere iucliued to listen, to their prayers, but 
 that the leader Avho carried a red flag, Avaved 
 this and .shouted : “You knoAv your orders; 
 kill outright.” 
 
 AVhen the massacre AViis over Mr. Phillips 
 and 1 placed all the remains in coffins and 
 after much eflbrt, Ave succeeded in getting 
 
llie District jiagistrale to order the coffins 
 to be carried to Suikow, abd secured chaifs 
 for tliose alive. We left Wliasang at 3 p.in. 
 oil Uie 2nd Augu.st for Suikow and travelled 
 all night, arriving at the latter place at 
 8.30 a.ni. on the 31-d, the .saddest and most 
 terrible procession ever formed in China. 
 
 The Magistrates, led by our orders, sealed 
 four boats for us at Suikow. ^^'e left there 
 ibr Foochow at 3 p.in. on the 3rd. On the 
 inoruing of the 4th, we met a steam-launch 
 taking the Sub-Prefbet u[) to Suikow. M'e 
 
 1 § 
 
 boarded this, aiid insisted upon the iauncli 
 towing our boats with the wounded to Foo- 
 chow. Soon after this we met Mr. Hixson, 
 the U.S. j\Iarshal, Archdeacon AVolfe and 
 Rev. Mr. Banister, with a launch bringing 
 supplies. These we welcomed with much 
 joy, and arrived in Foochow at 12.30 p.un 
 On the 4th. 
 
 As to the caase of this linheard-of savage 
 and cruel act I cannot form a good Oinnion, 
 but believe the actors miist have beeil 
 hirelings. 
 
 ) 
 
14 
 
 THE INDIGNATION MEETING. 
 
 It was a great meeting at the Astor 
 Hall yesterday afternoon, great in num- 
 bers, for the hall was crowded, great in 
 enthusiasm, and great in the quality of 
 the speeches that were made. It must 
 be a serious matter that will bring 
 together hundreds of Shanghai residents 
 when the thermometer stands consider- 
 ably over 90°, and at the hour they 
 usually devote to exercise. They must 
 be in earnest who will give up the 
 Gardens, the cool breeze, and the Band, 
 when the day’s work is done, to sit 
 crowded in a hot hall, and listen to 
 speeches from men whom they meet 
 every day. And it is a serious matter 
 to think of the long list of outrages 
 during the last twenty-five years that 
 was read out by Mr. Richard, and 
 remember that for hardly one of them, 
 except perhaps the murder of Mr. 
 Margary, has such reparation been ex- 
 acted by our Ministers and our home 
 governments as will absolutely prevent 
 their repetition. But the intended farce 
 of the Chengtu Commission, in which 
 the British and American Ministers at 
 Peking seem to have cheerfully taken 
 the roles assigned to them by the 
 Tsungli Yamen, reinforced by the horri- 
 ble and dastardly outrage at Whasang, 
 has roused Shanghai as it is seldom 
 roused, and we cannot doubt that we 
 shall be heard in Peking and at home. 
 The very able and convincing pre- 
 sentation of the case by the Chairman, 
 Mr. R. M. Campbell, by Mr. G. J. 
 Morrison, by the Rev. Timothy Richard 
 
 and the Rev. J. R. Hykes, the last 
 two old residents in China and most 
 energetic, moderate, and respected mem- 
 bers of the missionary body, will be 
 read and absorbed far beyond the 
 limits of the Settlements, and will not 
 fail to do great good. U’hat we want 
 to impress on our Ministers and our 
 governments is that a partial punishment 
 of the instruments is no use, as long as 
 the official organisers of outrages go off 
 scot-free and laughing in their sleeves. 
 ^Ve commend to our readers every w here 
 the speeches made last night at the 
 meeting, at which not a discordant note 
 was struck ; and who could strike a 
 discordant note when he thought of the 
 innocent ladies and children slain and 
 mutilated in cold blood by a savage 
 mob ? 
 
 One word more. Let us all do 
 what we can to get the facts of the 
 position in China to the knowledge 
 of the great American and British 
 public. The massacre of innocent ladies 
 will have prepared them for sympathy, 
 atid when they know the facts they 
 will join us in urging such measures 
 as well prevent these outrages in future. 
 We are not really acting in opposition 
 to our authorities in what we are doing \ 
 we are strengthening their hands. It will 
 be seen that Great Britain has just in- 
 formed the Porte that Armenia is to be 
 administered by a European Commission ; 
 China is as sick a man as the Sublime 
 Porte, and should take warning in time. 
 — N.-C. Daily News, 6th Aug. 
 
 THE SITUATION. 
 
 1 n^ reply to their telegram to Sir Nicholas 
 O’Coiior, published in these columns on 
 the morning of the 5 th, theChina Associa- 
 tion received yesterday from Mr. George 
 Jamieson, British Acting Consul-General, 
 the following despatch : — 
 
 “ 1 have received a telegram from Her 
 Majesty’s Minister in Peking requesting 
 me to convey through the China Asso- 
 ciation his profound sympathy with the 
 relatives and friends of the British sub- 
 jects foully murdered at Kutien. 
 
 “ I am also directed to inform the 
 Association that Her Majesty’s Consul 
 at Foochow has been instructed to pro- 
 
 ceed at once under military escort to the 
 scene of outrage to hold an enquiry with 
 a view to the prompt punishment of the 
 culprits concerned, high or low, and such 
 satisfaction as is now possible, and that 
 an Imperial proclamation decreeing 
 capital punishment on all the guilty will 
 be issued forthwith. 
 
 “ I am to add that the ChengtU Com- 
 mission inquiry will be held as soon as 
 possible. The general scope of this in- 
 quiry will be gathered from the following 
 extract from the instiuctions addressed 
 by H.M.’s Minister to Acting Consul 
 Tratman who will represent British and 
 American interests at the inquiry. 
 
15 
 
 “After directing Mr. Tratman to pro- 
 ceed to Chengtu as soon as circumstances 
 will permit, H.M.’s Minister continues: 
 ‘Your duty there will he in conjunction 
 with the Chinese officials mentioned and 
 the Missionaries who will probably also 
 be placed on the Commission to inquire 
 in the first place into the origin of the 
 riots and the adequacy or otherwise of the | 
 measures taken to prevent or suppress 
 them by the officials concerned. . . . J 
 
 'I'he findings of the Commission will not 
 have a final character its object being | 
 mainly to throw light on the causes of | 
 the outbreak and supply material for | 
 consideration here.’ ” i 
 
 That the China Association or the ! 
 Shanghai public can be content with 
 such a reply as this is incredible. There | 
 are fatal blots in it. There is nothing | 
 to be said against the choice of Mr. 
 Mansfield, H.M.’s Consul at Foochow, 
 to go up to Whasang to make a proper i 
 enquiry there. Mr. Mansfield is an i 
 able Consul, and is not likely to be 
 humbugged; but what is the character ^ 
 of his military escort? Is he to be j 
 accompanied by a rabble of coolies in ' 
 uniforms, or has — as should have been 
 done — a company of the Hongkong 
 Regiment been sent up to Foochow ? 
 
 It is suspicious that the words “ under | 
 British military escort” are not used ; j 
 but we still hope that the escort is not J 
 to be Chinese. It is well that the j 
 guilty, high or low, are to be decapitated j 
 forthwith ; Mr. Mansfield will no doubt ; 
 secure that some innocent Vegetarians i 
 who never lifted a hand against the ' 
 foreigners are not put forward as the ' 
 guilty persons. It is significant that 
 Chinese here laugh at the idea of Vege- 
 tarians having committed this outrage. 
 
 It was no doubt, they say, the work of 
 paid rowdies told to call themselves ! 
 Vegetarians. ■ 
 
 As to the Chengtu Commission, our 
 statement that Mr. Tratman is to be ' 
 sole lay representative of British and | 
 American interests is confirmed. But j 
 Sir Nicholas is very careful not to say | 
 who his Chinese colleagues are to be ; i 
 we know, however, that two of them I 
 are among the officials whose conduct | 
 should be enquired into. The Com- 
 mission is confessedly a farce ; for its 
 findings are not to be final, but are only 
 
 to supply material for consideration at 
 Peking, and we may trust Peking to 
 make that consideration last out until 
 all the guilty parties have made them- 
 selves safe from pursuit. 
 
 In accordance with the resolution 
 passed at the public meeting on Mon- 
 day, the China Association despatched 
 yesterday evening direct to Lord Salis- 
 bury the following telegram : — 
 
 “Public meeting Shanghai yesterday 
 expressed horror indignation massacre 
 by Chinese of English men women 
 children Kutien. Resolved appeal direct 
 respective governments for protection 
 from Chinese outrages and protested 
 against inadequate manner persons 
 guilty former outrages have been and 
 are being dealt with also strongly 
 against constitution Chengtu Commis- 
 sion. Americans telegraph Washington. 
 Campbell, Chairman.” 
 
 The Rev. J. R. Hykes, the Committee 
 appointed at Monday’s meeting for Ame- 
 rican citizens here, also sent the following 
 telegram to Mr. Olney, United States 
 Secretary of State, after it had been sub- 
 mitted to and approve by all the American 
 citizens who could be collected together 
 after yesterday’s missionary meeting : — 
 
 “ Public meeting Shanghai yesterday 
 expressed horror indignation Kucheng 
 massacre resolved appeal direct respective 
 governments for protection from Chinese 
 outrages and protested against inadequate 
 manner persons guilty former outrages 
 have been and are being dealt with also 
 strongly protested against constitution 
 Chengtu Commission British cabled 
 London.” 
 
 Thus Shanghai has done what it can for 
 the present. Meanwhile we read with 
 great satisfaction the news telegraphed by 
 Reuter that the massacre at Kucheng 
 has aroused the deepest horror and anger 
 throughout England. There were reports 
 here yesterday that an American mission 
 station on the Yuenfu river, near Foochow, 
 had been destroyed, and that Fukien was 
 on the brink of a rebellion, but, it must 
 be remembered that it is a common thing 
 for officials in whose district a riot occurs 
 to try to shift the responsibility by de- 
 claring that the country is in a state of 
 rebellion. We want justice, only justice, 
 because justice now means security for 
 the future. — N.-C, Daily News, 7th Aug. 
 
16 
 
 THE KUCHENG MASSACRE. 
 
 FROM THE REV. GEO. B. SMYTH, FOOCHOW. 
 
 The stoT)’ of t.liis appalling ma.ssacre 
 can be briefly told. Wbasang is a 
 mountain about twelve miles from the 
 city of Kucheno;, which is ninety miles 
 distant from Foochow. The English 
 Church Mission had built two small 
 houses there as sanitaria for its mi^ion- 
 aries in the Kucheug district. Ihere 
 were there at the time of the ma.ssacre. 
 the Rev R W.aiidMrs.Stewart, their five 
 chilLn and nur.se, Miss Nellie and 
 Miss Topsy Saunders, in one house ; and 
 Miss Gordon, Miss Newcombe, Miss 
 Marshall, Miss Stewart, and Miss 
 Codriugton in another. Mr. Phillips 
 of the same mission was stopping at a 
 native house about five minutes away, 
 and Miss Mabel C. Hartford, of the 
 Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society, 
 was in a native house at the foot of a 
 little incline about two minutes away 
 The evening before the massacre all 
 were planning a picnic for the ''ext day 
 i„ honour of the sixth birthday of little 
 Herbert Stewart. No one dreamt ot 
 the possibility of the terrible events of 
 the morrow. About 6.30 next morning 
 Thursday, the 1st of August, Mildred 
 and Kathleen Stewart, aged twelve and 
 eleven years respectively, were out pick- 
 ing flowers for their little brother. 
 Su'cldeiily they saw a number of men 
 approaching, but they thought they 
 were only labourers. In a moment they 
 rushed upon them, and one of them 
 cauMit Kathleen by the hair, dragged 
 her'^along the ground, and stabbed her 
 in two or three places on the thigh. 
 Mildred ran into the house and in 
 .some way, Kathleen broke from the 
 wretch who held her, rushed into the 
 house into her parents’ room, and cried 
 out : “ The Vegetarians are coming. 
 Her mother rmshed to the door, saw 
 the murderers, clo.sed the door, and 
 Kathleen never saw her again. 1 he 
 
 two girls then ran to their own room, 
 Mildred threw her.self on her bed, and 
 Kathleen lay under hers. Some of the 
 Vegetarians followerl and struck Mildred 
 ' on the knee, cutting the joint and 
 inflicting a wound which may prove 
 fatal. Another band of ruffians at- 
 tacked the house in which most ot 
 the young ladies were living, seized 
 five of them, dragged them out and 
 said they were going to carry them 
 ! away. 'Phe ladies begged for their 
 umbrellas to shade themselves from 
 i the sun, but their captors refused, 
 
 ; While they were standing there an old 
 Whasang man came and stood between 
 the rufifiaiis and their captors and 
 I pleaded for the ladies’ lives. Some of 
 the murderers seemed disposed to spare 
 them, but at that moment the leader ap- 
 proached carry ingared flag and called out, 
 “ You know your orders, kill outright ; ” 
 whereupon they surrounded the ladies 
 and killed them instantly. The heads 
 of two were nearly severed from their 
 bodies. They were all frightfully gashed 
 and hacked. Miss Codriugton was 
 terribly cut about the face, but with rare 
 pre.sence of mind when she fell she 
 feigned death, and this saved her. Her 
 would-be murderer struck her on the 
 head after she fell and left her fordearl. 
 That last blow, however, broke her skull, 
 but did not kill her. In the mountain 
 Miss Hartford was attacked. Hearing 
 the noise she rushed out of her house, 
 and was seen by one Vegetarian who 
 cried out in Chinese, “Ah, heres a 
 foreign woman,” and immediately ru.sh- 
 ed at her with a great three-pronged 
 spear, pointed at her chest. She seized 
 it and turned it aside, the spear grazing 
 her cheek and inflicting a slight wound 
 behind her ear. The ruffian then 
 knocked her down and struck her with 
 the wooden handle of the spear. 
 
17 
 
 Fortunately at that moment her servant, 
 wlio had come up only the night before, 
 ruslied to her rescue, seized the brute 
 and told her to run. She rose, ran down 
 an embankment and tried to enter a 
 iiative house, but the owners would not 
 let her. She ran on therefore and 
 in a moment met another servant who 
 assisted her to run up the opposite hill 
 and find in the brushwood a place of 
 safety. 'J'here she lay for over an hour 
 not knowing when the murderers would 
 look for and find her. After hiding 
 there about an hour she sent the 
 servant to see how matters were, and in 
 half-an-hoiir he returned saying that 
 the Vegetarians had gone and the five 
 ladies were killed. She went back as 
 speedily as possible and found it only 
 too true. What had become of Mr. 
 Phillips ? When he heard the shout- 
 ing he ran out of his house, but was 
 stopped by villagers who told him tlie 
 Vegetarians had come and would 
 kill him. He broke from them and 
 ran toward the two English houses, but 
 .seeing a murderous crowd about them 
 he crept up a hill and hid behind two 
 trees about twenty yards back of the 
 houses, from which he could see without 
 being seen. Not seeing any foreigners 
 he thought they had escaped, audknow- 
 ino; that to go down would be certain 
 death he remained where he was. In 
 about fifteen minutes the murderers set 
 fire to the houses and went off, saying ' 
 loud enough for him to hear, “Now we , 
 have killed all the foreigners.” Then he 
 knew what had happened, and ran down 
 to find nearly all the happy company of 
 the previous evening dead. Pour ladies 
 were lying dead in one place. Miss 
 Newcombe he found dead at the foot of 
 an embankment. Her head was nearly 
 severed from the body. iVfter killing 
 her the murderers threw her down the 
 slope. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart’s ashes 
 he found in whathadbeen theirbed-room; 
 they were burned beyond recogni- 
 tion. In the nursery he found the 
 remains of Miss Nellie Saunders and 
 
 the nurse, burned almost beyond re- 
 cognition. 
 
 Where were the children ? The story 
 of their e.scape shows the extraordinary 
 heroism of a girl only eleven years old. 
 Kathleen Stewart, as I have already 
 said, hid under her bed. After she had 
 lain there for some time she heard a 
 sound, as she described it, “as of rush- 
 ing water,” and crying out “ this house 
 is on fire,” came from her hiding-place 
 and found her sister Mildred on the 
 bed terribly wounded. She helped her 
 out of the house and looked for the 
 other children. In the nursery she 
 found the baby lying under the dead 
 body of the nurse. She found her 
 brother Herbert with a deep wound on 
 the right side of the neck four inches 
 long, one on the crown of the head which 
 chipped off the external table of the 
 skull, one on the back part of the head 
 four inches long, which clove the skull 
 exposing the brain, and another circular 
 scalp wound on tlie left side. A still 
 younger brother, Ewan, she found with 
 a stab wmund on the left thigh, and 
 several bruises. The baby had been 
 stabbed in the right eye which pene- 
 trated to the brain. All these this 
 brave girl carried out of the burning 
 building, and with the help of a villager 
 whom she pre.s.sed into service succeeded 
 in carrying them to the hou.se at which 
 Miss Hartford had been stopping. So 
 far as she knew then there was no other 
 foreigner in Wha.sang alive except 
 Miss Codrington, who in spite of her 
 terrible wounds succeeded by creeping 
 and walking in reaching Miss Hart- 
 ford’s house. When Miss Hartford 
 returned from her hiding place, she 
 found all these there. 
 
 Mr. Phillips sent a letter to Dr. J. J. 
 Gregory, of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Mission atKucheng, as soon as he could 
 find a man to take it. Not a Whasang 
 man would go. On receiving the news 
 the doctor immediately hastened to the 
 yamen, secured an escort and started for 
 the scene of the massacre. He arrived 
 
18 
 
 there in th** evening and did all that 
 was in his power to care for the wounded. 
 By daylight he, with Miss Hartford and 
 Mr. Phillips, had the bodies in coffin.s, 
 and the ashes of Mr. and Mrs. Stewart, 
 and the nurse and Miss Nellie Saunders 
 in two little boxes. It was impossible, 
 however, to find bearers. Not a man 
 at Whasang would do anything. For- 
 tunately, however, an official arrived 
 with a few soldiers and after some 
 pressure from Dr. Gregory he impressed 
 into service a number of villagers 
 sufficient to carry the remains to Suikou, 
 a place on the Min river sixty miles from 
 Foochow. 
 
 Everything possible thus being done 
 the sad procession started at 3 p.m. on 
 tlie weary march. On the way little 
 Herbert Stewart died, and after getting 
 a coffin and laying the little body in it, 
 they resumed the journey and arrived 
 at Suikow at 8 o’clock on Saturday 
 morning. There the local officials pro- 
 vided boats. On the way down they 
 were met by a steam-launch sent up 
 with a few friends to meet them. At 
 
 2.30 p.m. on Sunday they reached Foo- 
 chow and the wounded were taken to 
 one of the hospitals where they now are 
 receiving the best medical care. The 
 bodies arrived here on Monday, and at 
 
 5.30 o’clock this morning they were 
 laid to rest. This is the simple 
 story of the most terrible massacre of 
 foreigners that has ever taken place in 
 China. More were killed at Tientsin 
 on that awful day, the 20th of June, 
 1870. But that was a riot rather 
 than a ma.ssacre ; this was a murder 
 deliberately planned and deliberately 
 carried out. 
 
 It is too soon to say what the 
 Consuls will do at this appalling 
 time. Suffice it to say that they 
 have secured evidence which may 
 bring many of the guilty to the 
 punishment they de.serve. As to the 
 larger question of what the foreign go- 
 vernments may do my opinion would 
 be worthless. I cannot refrain from 
 
 I adding, however, that I trust they 
 wilt not be satisfied with a money 
 indemnity. It is this wretched policy, 
 pursued in so many cases in the 
 past, that is responsible for most 
 of these raassacras and riots. Nearly 
 all of them could have been avoided 
 by firmness on the part of the 
 home governments. Let them but 
 make China feel that occurrences of 
 this kind will be terrible in their results 
 to her and they will cease. If they do 
 not act with firmness now the foreigners 
 will soon find it impossible to live any- 
 where outside the Treaty Ports. 
 
 It is painful to have to record the 
 brutal inhumanity of the villagers of 
 Whasang. According to the Chinese 
 custom they are deserving of severe 
 punishment, but with the exception of 
 one old man they did not lift a hand 
 to stop it. Even after the murderers 
 had left they would give no help ; but 
 proceeded to rob, and took away 
 everything of value in the burning 
 houses. They ought to be severely 
 punished; if they are it will go far 
 to prevent similar outrages in future. 
 The servants ran almost to a man. Out 
 above this brutal and despicable crowd 
 stand conspicuous the heroic Christian 
 servant of Miss Hartford, who at the 
 risk of his own life saved hers, and a 
 Christian woman, the wife of her teacher, 
 who when .she was thrown down ran 
 to her aid and begged her would-be- 
 murderer to spare her. For answer the 
 brutal wretch kicked her. It is plea- 
 sant to write of this heroism in the 
 midst of all this infamy. 
 
 A word as to the cause of the 
 massacre. What the purposes of the 
 Vegetarian Society are is not known 
 to outsiders. By some they are re- 
 garded as robbers, by others as rebels. 
 They have given the officials a great 
 deal of trouble in the Kucheng district 
 during the past year. They have at- 
 tacked Christians and non-Christians 
 alike and they hated the foreigners 
 because they were foreigners, not because 
 
19 
 
 they were missionaries. They had be- | 
 come so violent that on the 24'th of July 
 three hundred soldiers were sent up from 
 Foochow to hold them in check if pos- 
 sible. Their leaders attributed their 
 coming to the influence of the foreigners 
 and it is believed that then they deter- 
 mined to exterminate them. They imme- 
 diately began to assemble at a certain 
 village whose name is now known, and 
 their threats against the churches be- 
 came bolder than ever. On the night 
 before the massacre a letter was received 
 by a certain pastor saying the foreigners 
 would be killed on the morrow. He 
 wrote a letter to Mr. Stewart warning 
 him, but unfortunately did not send it 
 till daylight, and when the messenger 
 was within two miles of Whasang he met 
 
 a man who told him that all was over, 
 that the foreigners were killed. What an 
 awful result of a few hours’ delay. The 
 I Vegetarians planned the murder care- 
 fully and the reason seems to have been 
 to take vengeance on the foreigners for 
 having, as they supposed, brought the 
 troops to Kucheng. I trust that the 
 investigation, which ought to be made 
 by a foreign official on the ground, 
 will be so thorough as to reveal the 
 I real causes, bring the perpetrators 
 \ to justice, and result in the adoption of 
 such measures by the foreign Powers 
 I concerned, as will make for ever impos- 
 sible the occurrence of so terrible a 
 massacre in the future. — -N.-C. Daily 
 News, 12 th August. 
 
 FOOCHOW. 
 
 (from our OWl^ 
 
 THE KUCHENG MASSACRE. 
 
 The story of the Kucheng massacre is 
 best told by those who were on tlie spot, 
 and I send you the statements of the 
 Rev. H. S. Phillips, Miss Hartford, and 
 Dr. Gregory. These will be read with 
 melancholy interest. The last time we 
 heard of any trouble at Kucheng was 
 in April ; that disturbance was easily 
 quelled. But according to all accounts 
 that secret society of Vegetarians has con- 
 tinued to grow apace, until its members 
 are quite formidable in number. Hither- 
 to they have only defied the magistrate, 
 but the time may come, some think it 
 close at hand now, when they will snap 
 their fingers at a sub-prefect with 1,000 
 soldiers at his back. A mandarin of this 
 class has gone up river with troops to 
 that number, and we shall hear in a few 
 days what has been done. The Viceroy says 
 he will exterminate this sect. This would 
 have been easy a few years ago, whereas 
 now it is thought it will be very difficult. 
 The existence of the society has been 
 known long enough. It has two objects 
 in view ; to overthrow the present govern- 
 ment and to drive foreigners out of the 
 country. The other day, a few days 
 prior to the awful massacre of the 1st inst., 
 a murder had been committed in Ku- 
 cheng. The murderer appeared to belong 
 to the society and the magistrate found it 
 
 CORRESPONDENT.) 
 
 I impossible to arrest him. The Viceroy 
 ! on being informed of this sent up 30<3 
 soldiers. One of the missionaries was 
 having a chat with this magistrate or 
 ex- magistrate, I forget which, and refer- 
 ring to this subject the official remarked : 
 “They might just as well have sent up 
 thirty.” Those 300 men left, 1 under- 
 stand, on the 30th of July, and a rumour 
 is said to have been set afloat by some 
 malicious person, that it was on account 
 of the foreigners these soldiers were be- 
 ing sent up. “Then the best thing to 
 be done is to do for them,” or some such 
 remark, is said to have been heard. An 
 armed band was organised at once which 
 surrounded the hill top of Whasang on the 
 morning of the First. The rest is well 
 known. 
 
 At the meeting last night, the largest 
 ever known in Foochow, the Rev. Geo. 
 B. Smyth made a very powerful speech 
 denouncing the mandarins and stating 
 that it was only the weakness of the British 
 and U. S. governments in previous outrages 
 that led to the continuance of them. 
 
 The following were the resolutions : — 
 Proposed by Mr. R. R. Westall and 
 seconded by Mr. A. W. Walkinshaw 
 
 Whereas this meeting has heard the 
 heart rending particulars and details of 
 the cruel massacre which took place 
 near Kucheng on the 1st inst. confirmed 
 
'20 
 
 by the Rev. H. S. Phillips who was 
 present at it, it is resolved that this meeting 
 agree unanimously in giving this public 
 expression of its feeling of horror and in- 
 dignation that such a barbarous outrage 
 should have been perpetrated in a country 
 with which the nationals of the victims 
 are on friendly terms ; that it thus publicly 
 declares its heartfelt sympatliy with the 
 friends of those who have perished ; that it 
 must be made known to the British and 
 United States governnieiits that no confi- 
 dence will be felt at this port until the per- 
 petrators of this crime as well as those who 
 instigated it and those responsible for it, be 
 punished. 
 
 Proposed by the Rev. G. B. Smyth 
 and seconded by Mr. W. P. Galton : — 
 
 Resolved that we denounce the criminal 
 negligence of the Chinese othcials who. 
 
 in spite of repeated manifestations of 
 hostility to foreigners, have refused 
 to take jiroper measures to put down 
 the Vegetarian movement ; tliat in our 
 judgment the weakness of the govern- 
 ments of Great Britain and the United 
 States in the settlement of Chinese outrages 
 in the past is largely responsible for the 
 massacre of Thursday morning ; that it is 
 absolutely necessary for them to take strong 
 measures to prevent the recurrence of such 
 outrages in the future ; and that under no 
 circumstances should they be satisfied with 
 a money indemnity, however large. 
 
 THE FUNERAL 
 
 of the massacred yesterday morning was a 
 very sad function. 
 
 7th August. 
 
 THE KTICHENG MASSACUE. 
 
 LETTER AND TELEGRAM UO.ME. 
 
 'I'lie following is a copy of a letter which 
 has been despatched fn the Marquis of 
 Salisbury, from Mr. R. M. Campbell, the 
 Chairman of last Monday’s meeting of 
 residents : — 
 
 Shanghai, 9th August, 1895. 
 My Lord Marquis, 
 
 A largely attended public ineeliog of the 
 community of Shanghai, held on the 5th 
 instant for the purpose of Considering what 
 steps shouH be taken in the circumstances 
 of the recent lamentable outrage at Kutien, 
 having done me the honour to elect me 
 Chairman, it devolves up m me to convey 
 to your Lordship the resolution of that 
 meeting. 
 
 As full particulars of the massacre of one 
 man, eight women and one child, all Eng- 
 lish, at Kutien, near Foochow, will be in 
 your possession now it is unnecessary for 
 me to recite them, or to do more than 
 enclose fur reference a complete printed 
 report of the proceedings of the meeting; 
 and to state that in pursuance of the reso- 
 lution I forwarded to your Lordship on the 
 (jth instant the telegram of which a copy 
 is hereto appended. 
 
 [For Telegram, see p. 15.] 
 
 The resolve of British subjects in Shang- 
 hai to address Her Majesty’s Government 
 direct, arose from the fact that outrages, 
 of varying intensity, have been repeated 
 at intervals for twenty-five years past ; the 
 belief, founded upon evidence, that these 
 
 outrages have been stimulated by persons 
 of the ofheial class who, so far from being 
 punished for these high crimes have been 
 rewarded and honoured ; the knowledge, 
 springing nut of long experience, that the 
 measures heretofore adopted by Her Ma- 
 jesty’s representatives in China have been 
 wholly inadequate for their intended pur- 
 pose in consequence, apparently, of the 
 Ministers fearing to take the responsibi- 
 lity of action ; and, in almost every case, 
 the measures adopted have resulted in 
 lowering the prestige of Great Britain in 
 China ; and the conviction that unless 
 some method of forcing the Chinese 
 Government to do justice be adopted, the 
 time is not far distant when other, 
 and perhaps more foul and abominable, 
 murders will be perpetrated upon defence- 
 le.ss and unprotected British subjects. 
 Most carefully desirous to refrain from 
 exaggeration or colouring, I will now merely 
 refer your Lordship to the list of outrages 
 committed since 1870, detailed in the 
 speech of the Rev. 'I'imothy Richard, an 
 English clergyman who has spent the last, 
 thirty years in work for the promotion of 
 knowledge among the Chinese people. 
 
 With reference to the Chengtu Commis- 
 sion, against I he constitution of which the 
 meeting protested in the most emphatic 
 manner, I crave permission to remind your 
 Lordship that the person believed to be 
 chiefly implicated is the ex-Viceroy of 
 Szechuan, Liu Ping-chang, an official of the 
 highest rank in the empire. When you 
 
21 
 
 Lordship considers that men of this rank 
 are not ameii.able to any court of law, and 
 can only he punished by Imperial power, 
 you will perceive that a Commission of 
 Inquiry composed of Chinese ofticials of 
 mean and insignificant rank, with a junior 
 officer of the British Consular service and 
 a?) American missionaiy as assessors or 
 joint commissioners, is foredcanned to 
 failure because, however strongly the 
 English and American members in ly dis- 
 sent, the Ciiinese members of the Com- 
 mission dare not iiu'ulpale I he ex-Vice.roy 
 anil the myrmidons acting under his 
 orders; and the u'most that can be, 
 expected is a declaration that certain 
 of the common people are guilty 
 and will be punished ; while the infamous 
 instigators will be acquitted in order that 
 they may devise and carry ou*' still more 
 atrocious deeds of violence upon British 
 subjects residing in this country by virtue 
 of rights under existing treaties between 
 Great Britain and China, The Ch&ngtu 
 commission, as it is now constituted, is 
 treated with contemptuous deiision by 
 Chinese ; and every Englishman of experi- 
 ence feels and knows the Chinese view to be 
 justified. The honour and dignity of Her 
 Majesty are deeply concerned in this 
 matter ; and I venture to decla e to your 
 Lordship that unless prompt and adequate 
 measures are taken to vindicate the power 
 of Great Britain to protect its people and 
 to render absolutely certain the punish- 
 ment of those, whatever their rank may 
 be, guilty of rapine and murder, the lives 
 of English people in China will be more 
 and more endangered. 
 
 I have abstained from dwelling upon the 
 especially atrocious features of the latest 
 crime at Kutien ; but I should fail in my 
 duty did I not acquaint your Lordship 
 with the depth of feeling evinced by men 
 of all nationalities at the foul murder of 
 English women ; a feeling aggravated al- 
 most beyond endurance by the impression 
 that this monstrous crime, like so many 
 otliers, will go unpunished. 
 
 The American community, acting in con- 
 cert with the British community, tele- 
 graphed to Washington ; and a copy of 
 their despatch is also appended. 
 
 [For Telegram, see p. 28.] 
 
 I have the hoin'ur to be, , 
 
 Your Lordshiji’a most obedient servant, 
 
 R. M. Campbell, 
 
 Chairman of the meeting of residents 
 held 5th Anyust, 1895. 
 The Most Honorable, 
 
 The Marql’is of Salisbuky, K.G., 
 Her Majesty’s Secretary of State for 
 Foreign Affairs. 
 
 On Friday night the following telegram 
 was despatched to The Times newspaper; — 
 
 “Strongly urge British people and Com- 
 mons Salisbury’s demands utterly inade- 
 quate. Chinese always promised protect 
 Missions punish guilty never perform. 
 Believe outrages generally inspired officials. 
 Imperative Foochow Consul have British 
 esooit. Cliengtu Commission must be re- 
 formed. Both cases require more than one 
 English official adequate rank. Delay 
 dangerous outports Mission stations. 
 
 Chairman, Public Meeting.” 
 
 The fidlowing is an extract from a private 
 letter, ddted Kuliang Mountains, near 
 Foochow, 3rd August : — 
 
 List night word came by special messen- 
 ger sent by the Rev. Mr. Phillips of the 
 Church Missionaiy Society, staling that 
 on Wednesday night at midnight a band of 
 “Vegetarians” who had been in rebellion 
 against the local mandarins had gone up 
 to the mountain and killed five ladies, 
 wounding several others, and afterwards set 
 fire to the buildings. 
 
 As there is one American involved 
 in this massacre I hope the United States 
 will not stop action until China has 
 made some positive guarantee that the lives 
 of missionaries and others will not be con- 
 stantly imperilled by the action of these 
 lawless bands. If China cannot control 
 her people it is about time she should hand 
 over the reins of government to some other 
 Power nr Powers, 
 
 The Chinese are becoming bolder every 
 day, lately they have made statements in 
 places that have been noted for being 
 quiet and peaceable, that this would be a 
 good time to kill out all the foreigners as 
 the Governments were not taking any 
 active measures to stop rioting. This 
 sentiment is spreading in these parts. Now 
 is the time to stop this trouble. 
 
 LETTER TO PRE.SIDENT CLEVELAND. 
 
 The following letter has been sent to the 
 President of the United States : — 
 
 Shanghai, China, 10th Aug., 1805. 
 The President, 
 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 Sir, — On behalf of the Americans re- 
 siding in Shanghai we despatched on Sunday 
 the following telegram : — 
 
 President Clevelind, Washington. 
 
 Ameiic ms Shanghai unanimously piotest 
 against action Minister Denby consenting 
 British Consul represent Americans Sze- 
 chuan enquiry. Recommend reconstitu- 
 tion Commission with American official 
 
22 
 
 adequate rank, excluding implicated Chi* | 
 ness officials; also recommend marine escort ' 
 accompany Commission. ' 
 
 (Signed) Hykes, 
 
 Seaman, 
 
 Committee. \ 
 
 This had the endorsement of all Ameri- j 
 cans in Shanghai, of every occupation save 
 those in official life. i 
 
 We enclose the original draft telegram, j 
 in triplicate with the signature attached, j 
 We also enclose copies of to-day’s issues of | 
 the Norlh-China Herald and the Celestial \ 
 Empire and this morning’s North-China 1 
 Daily News containing accounts of the de- 
 plorable massacre of English men, women, 
 and children at Kntien on the Ist instant, 
 and other matter pertinent to the subject 
 of our telegram. 
 
 The opinion is general that the inade- 
 quacy of measures thus far taken to ensure 
 redress for the expulsion of our country- 
 men and others from Szechuan has tended 
 to encourage the lawless in other parts of 
 the empire to acts of violence culminating 
 in the massacre at Kulien. 
 
 In the hope that prompt action, in con- 
 cert with that taken by the representatives 
 of Great Britain andFrance, may yet ensure 
 reparation for past injuries and protection 
 ill the future to our countrymen at the 
 hands of the government and people of 
 this country. 
 
 We remain. Sir, 
 
 With deep respect. 
 
 Your fellow-countrymen, 
 (Signed) John F. Seaman. 
 
 ,, John R. Hykes. 
 
 Commit le\ 
 
 MEMORIAL SERVICE AT THE CATHEDRAL. 
 There was a large congregation on Sunday 
 morning (llth)at the Memorial Service in 
 the Cathedral. At the opening Chopin’s 
 “Funeral March” was played by Mr. 
 Crompton, the organist, and at the conclu- 
 sion the “Dead March” in Said, whilst the 
 musical portion of the service also included 
 Redhead’s Te Deum in D. and appropriate 
 hymns. 
 
 The Rev. J. Bates, who preached 
 the sermon, took as his text Rev. 
 XIV. 13. “ And I heard a voice 
 
 from heaven saying unto me. Write, 
 Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord 
 from henceforth : Yea, saith the spirit, 
 that they may rest from their labours ; and 
 their works do follow them.” He said 
 that that day in a very special sense these 
 words came to them not only with the im- 
 pressive force of words that were genuine 
 and true, but, as it were, like a fresh re- 
 velation from the Throne of God. Far 
 
 above the rushing and noise of the riotous 
 mob, and the clashing of their deadly 
 weapons ; far above oven the piteous cries 
 of the unhappy victims of murderous 
 hate, they seemed to hear from the 
 opened door of the heaven the voice 
 saying “All is well.” In the Lord they 
 died, and they were happy with him. 
 Nevertheless all were human, and the 
 instinct of our humanity refused to re- 
 press the emotions which were pent up 
 within. Who was there that did not 
 feel his soul burn with indignation at 
 the commission of such atrocious deeds of 
 outrage and violence 1 But we were con- 
 strained to ask. What is the cause which 
 has led to the commission of such an out- 
 rage? Were the missionaries guilty of any 
 I indiscretion ? Did they in any way offend 
 I the prejudices of the people? Were the 
 I pe'>ple themselves dissatisfied, or displeased 
 with the presence of the missionaries among 
 j them 1 He thought a few facts would 
 1 show that there was not the slightest rea- 
 I son for believing that any of those things 
 j could be laid to the charge of the mis- 
 I sionaries. There was no province in China 
 I where missionary work in its inception 
 j had been carried on with greater dif- 
 culty than in Fukien, and yet there was 
 no province in China where the propaga- 
 tion of Christianity had met with more 
 signal success. The converts in connection 
 with the difl'ereut missions were to-day 
 numbered by thousands. In the district 
 i>f Kucheng the work began in the year 
 1865. A literary graduate was the first 
 catechist who settled down in the city, and 
 the violent hostility which he encountered 
 was related by the preacher. Riots occur- 
 red and the missionaries were ill-treated and 
 the buildings destroyed. Such wis the 
 state of things for about nine years. After 
 that time, and down even to quite recently, 
 the history of the mission was brighter 
 and more cheerful, without scarcely the 
 j least interruption to its growing prospe- 
 j rity. Bishop Burdon visited the city some 
 ! years ago to hold a Confirmation service, 
 i and was met at the gates of the city 
 by a large deputation of Christians who 
 prevailed upon him to ride in a mandarin’s 
 chair with four bearers, which they had in 
 readiness for him, to escort him to the 
 mission church. According to the latest 
 report of the Church Missionary Society 
 the number of baptised Christ itns and 
 ] catechumens was 2,176, and the converts, 
 for the most part poor, had subscribed 
 j $845 during the year for church purposes. 
 
 'I'he Societies at home therefore felt them- 
 , selves fully justified in sending out a large 
 ' body of missionaries to labour in a district 
 
23 
 
 containing two mill-on souls, Tho re- 
 Terend gentleman continued : — 
 
 “They were a noble band of labourers. 
 The Rev. and Mrs. Stewart I was well 
 acquainted with ; and of them I may say, 
 that two more gentle, more rehned, and 
 more devoted missionaries, never conse- 
 crated their lives to work among the 
 Chinese. Two of the ladies were, like 
 Mr. and Mrs. Stewart, missionaries of 
 the C.M.S.; the other ladies belong- 
 ed to a kindred Church of England 
 Society. Amongst the latter were a few 
 who had come out from their happy homes 
 in England entirely at their own charge 
 to spend and be spent for their Master’s 
 sake. And they had all won the esteem 
 and the conQdence of those among whom 
 their lot was cast. Ladies could live and 
 work among the villages without fear of 
 molestation. They tended the sick and 
 the suffering, as well as ministered in 
 spiritual things. Schools were established 
 all over the distiict for the education of 
 heathen children. A colony of lepers re- 
 ceived as much attention from the mission- 
 aries as did any other class among the 
 people, and, so great has been the success 
 attending this branch of the work, that 
 the lepers have now a pastor and church 
 of their own which native Christians 
 have helped to build and support. All 
 this then tends to confirm the convic- 
 tion that, neither the missionaries, nor 
 the people among whom they lived, could 
 be even suspected of giving any occasion 
 for an outrage the details of which have 
 given such a shock to and cast such 
 gloom over this, and every other foreign 
 community throughout China. Again, 
 we ask. What is the cause for this 
 atrocious massacre ? It is said that a 
 fanatical sect of Buddhist Vegetarians were 
 its prime movers. Now whilst feeling 
 that the pulpit is hardly the place for the I 
 discussion of such a subject as this, yet I 1 
 cannot refrain from saying that if one’s 
 personal experience is worth anything, a 
 more wilful and unfounded assertion was 
 never made. I have known something of 
 the Vegetarian sect, properly so called, and 
 I have no hesitation in declaring that a | 
 more harmless class of people I have sel- 
 dom met with. I have ever found them 
 most accessible to Christian teaching, and 
 they were regarded by those who knew 
 them intimately as being more susceptible 
 of Christian influence than Buddhists in 
 general. No, the cause, the real cause, is to 
 be sought in another direction and not far 
 away. We must look behind this so-called 
 sect ; we must put the responsibility upon 
 those who could stay the murderers’ 
 
 hands, but who would not do so. God 
 grant that by some means or other the 
 root of this mischief may be reached, 
 and that the real perpetrators of this 
 atrocious crime may be brought to justice ! 
 “ Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith 
 the Lord,” Let us trust that He, who 
 certainly witnessed the awful deeds of 
 bloodshed committed that night upon the 
 Kucheng hills, will search out, and bring 
 to light, the hidden things of darkness. It 
 is not only for our own safety that we so 
 earnestly desire this. We desire it as well 
 for the good of this country, for the wel- 
 fare of this people among whom we live, 
 and in order that China may yet become a 
 blessing and a praise in the earth.” 
 
 In conclusion the preacher eloquently 
 voiced the sympathy felt by all for those 
 directly or indirectly connected with the 
 murdered missionaries. 
 
 SERVICE AT UNION CHURCH. 
 
 On Sunday evening (11th) a Memorial 
 Service was held in Union Church. The 
 Revs. J. R. Hykes and T. Richard assisted. 
 The Rev. J. Stevens preached before a large 
 congregation, taking his text from Heb. XI. 
 38., “Of whom the world was not worthy.” 
 In the course of his sermon he said : — 
 
 It is not possible, it would be far too 
 affecting, for nie to recount the foul deed 
 of blood and shame which was wrought at 
 Kucheng on the first of this month. 'Fhe 
 statements of those who were near at the 
 time, and I may mention particularly that 
 of the Rev. H. S. Phillips, have been read 
 by us all, and have stirred in us mingled 
 indignation, horror, and grief. We are, I 
 believe and trust, absolutely at one in the 
 resolve that nothing shall be wanting on our 
 part — nothing that lies within our power 
 — lo make the repetition of such occur- 
 rences quite impossible. Not only upon the 
 broad ground of humanity and the narrower 
 ground of kinship, but as the friends of 
 China we take up this position. For it is 
 certain that if the state of things cootinues 
 under which such deeds are perpetrated, 
 the stigma of barbarism must attach to 
 this country and bar the way of progre.s8 
 indefinitely. Recent events demonstrate 
 ! clearly, that unless what have been rightly 
 ( termed the ‘ gigantic charities” of Europe 
 and America to China, are not to fail of 
 their fitting issue, justice must be vindicated 
 in the case of those who are reponsible for 
 riot and bloodshed. We would on no 
 account whatsoever misrepresent either 
 the letter or the spirit of the Gospel of 
 Jesus Christ, It is no wild cry for 
 
24 
 
 vengeance that we utter. But an obliga- 
 tion rests upon us, which we iiave no 
 desire to decline, the obligation to do 
 our best, our very utmost, (o secure the 
 safety and peace of our nationals who are 
 engaged in any honourable and lawful call- 
 ing, missionary or other, in any part of 
 this great country. I say again, if we have 
 
 the good of China at heart, we must see 
 that restraint is put upon those with whom 
 tlie guilt of these terrible outrages lies, 
 and who are not more our enemies than 
 they are the enemies of their own people 
 and land — 
 
 “ Mercy is not itself that oft seems so. 
 Pardon is still the cause of second woe.” 
 
 THE BEGINNING OF THE TROUBLE. 
 
 In the July number of the Church, 
 Missionary Intelligencer (the organ <'f the 
 Church Missionary Society) theie is an 
 extract frimi a private letter by the late 
 Rev. R. W. Stewart, dated 27th March, 
 1895, giving an account of the trouble “a 
 turbulent political sect, ealling themselves 
 Vegetarians,” were giving tlie Cliinese 
 authoriiies in the neighbourhood of Ku- 
 cheng. Mr. Stewart wrote : — 
 
 Two nights ago I was writing very late, 
 proposing to start on a long itineration next 
 morning. I had just finished my quarter’s 
 accounts for Hongkong and my mail, about 4 
 a.m , when I was startled by calls of my name 
 outside the house. Our native clergynjan and 
 several leading Christians had made their way 
 across the river to bring me new’s that on in- 
 formation received the mandarin had suddenly 
 ordered all the gates of the city to be w'alled 
 that night to resist a rising among the Vege- 
 tarians ! We had besides ourselves about li 0 
 women and children in our compound. We 
 talked and prayed and planned till daylight, 
 when we woke everybody up, and first turned 
 our attention to the schools. It was impos- 
 sible to send these women and girls home, the 
 rain began and fell in torrents, and no chairs 
 could be got for them, and with their small 
 feet the women could not walk, so the only 
 thing was to send them into the city. We 
 first sounded the neighbouring village people 
 as to whether they would house them, but 
 they were too frightened, and thought only of 
 protecting themselves. 
 
 By daylight every gateway had been built 
 up ; the only ingress was by a ladder belong- 
 ing to our chapel on the wall. They started 
 off, a wonderful procession of women and 
 children, nearly 1(10, and we watched them 
 making their way slowly by the little ferry- 
 boat over the river and then up the ladder : 
 it must have taken quite an hour that short 
 jouiuey of 150 yards. This done, ihe next 
 thing was, What were our Z.M.S. ladies and 
 ourselves to do? We first thought of our 
 mountain house at Wha-sang, some ten or 
 twelve miles away, but the rain came down 
 •so hard, and the chairs, being locked up inside 
 the city, could not be obtained for love or 
 money, so this was clearly impossible; the 
 popr little children could never do it on foot 
 
 in such weather, and on such mountain 
 paths. 
 
 We did not much like shutting ourselves 
 up inside the city, but there was nothing else 
 for it — the mobs that were collecting might 
 be down on us any moment ; so we packed up 
 a few things and followed the schools into 
 the city. They are lodged in our large 
 chapel— rather a crowd ! and we are in one 
 of the American Mission houses with four of 
 our ladies. Three more from the country will 
 come in to-morrow morning, I hope. The 
 mandarin visited me this morning, but I could 
 not find out on what information he was 
 acting. The story is that late that Wednes- 
 day evening an old man, a stranger, presented 
 himself at the yamiii with a letter ivliich he 
 said must at once be taken to the mandarin, 
 or he would press in and deliver it himself. 
 It was done, the stranger went his way, and 
 the gates were instantly ordered to be built 
 up. 
 
 The officials promised the citizens that if 
 they will themselves guard the eity for five 
 days, soldiers will then have arrived from 
 Foochow. They are doing this zealously. 
 The citizens in bodies of thirty or forty arc 
 stationed at short intervals round the wall 
 day and night. They displays their arms 
 proudly in a row on the wall. The best 
 things they have are sticks, for (heir three- 
 pronged forks and swords are of so ancient 
 a pattern, and have been used for so many 
 other purpo.-es during past ages, that they 
 will do but little barm to the adversary. 
 
 Yesterday was wet and cold ; liowever, the 
 sentry at our part of the wall got over that 
 difiiculty by fixing his coat on a stick at the 
 place where he was supposed to stand, w bile 
 he himself sat in a warmer spot out of the 
 wind. Oh, such weapons ! One man we 
 observed washing his sword in a pool, not to 
 cleanse it from blood, but mud and rust. 
 
 The niaiidarin in charge of the city came to 
 us in Slate to-day, preceded by a magnificent 
 bodyguard of eight soldiers, or at least men 
 of the o))inni-smokiug type, with soldiers’ 
 coats, wherever they got them, but they had 
 slockingless feet, and only one liad a military 
 cap. Tliey stopped to have a good look at us, 
 especially admiring Mildred and Kathleen, 
 and then slouched on. The procession was 
 dominated by a man with a bamboo wand, 
 such as schoolmasters use for their naughty 
 
 
scholars, only rather longer — whether to 
 smack the boys who eame too close to the 
 great man, or to urge ou the braves to the 
 conflict, we did not know. 
 
 'I’he mandarin begged to know if I had not 
 even one gun to lend him to defend the city ! 
 “No,” I said, “not one; we missionaries 
 don’t have such things.” “And no cannon?” 
 he asked again. Fancy asking a man if he 
 had any cannon about him ! 
 
 One thing gained is, the officials see the 
 difference between Vegetarian and Christian. 
 
 I his very official has been abusing our con- 
 verts in our late persecutions, saying that 
 Vegetarians were better than they. To-day 
 he exclaimed that “ truly there was a wide 
 difference between us.” I hope he won’t 
 forget it when the trouble is over. 
 
 
 THE KUCHENG MASSACRE AND SZECHUAN RIOTS. 
 
 IMPERIAL EDICT. 
 
 The Hnpao ha.s received the following 
 decree by wire from Peking, dated the 9th 
 August : — 
 
 Since the opening of international com- 
 merce with Western countries foreigners 
 have always resided in the inland districts ' 
 at peace and harmony with their native 1 
 neighbour.s, and we in our impartial love 
 for both native and foreigner alike have I 
 time and again commanded our high pro- I 
 vincial authorities to pay extra heed at all | 
 times to protect the latter from harm. | 
 .fudge of our extreme indignation then | 
 upon hearing recently, first of the riots in j 
 the capital of Szechuan, where chapels have 
 been destroyed and burned down by the 
 rioters, thereby fanning the flames of de- 
 struction far and wide, insomuch that a 
 number of .sub-prefectures and di.stricts 
 simultaneously followed in the footsteps of 
 Cliengtu, and now to receive the news 
 from Fukien reporting that evil characters 
 have murdered and wounded a very large 
 number of foreigners at Kutien, going so 
 far in their ruthless ferocity as to murder 
 even women and infants. With reference 
 to the Szechuan riots a number of the 
 rioters have already been arrested and will 
 undergo trial, but the chiefs and heads of 
 the Fukien murderers are still at large, 
 and we command Pien Pao-ch‘uan and 
 Ch'ing Yii (Tartar General of Foochow) 
 to set to work without delay at the head of 
 
 the military and district officials and 
 speedily arrest these wicked characters, nor 
 shall any be allowed to escape the meshes 
 of the law. Indeed, it is the manifest 
 duty of the local mandarins throughout the 
 empire to be always on the alert and 
 prevent such worthless characters from 
 manufacturing scurrilous tales and exciting 
 the populace ; they should crush all 
 incipient rising.s at the slightest sign. 
 What sort of frivolity and indiflference to 
 duty is this then that has brought about all 
 these recent serious outrages? We would 
 also, therefore command the various Tartar 
 Generals, Viceroys, and Governors of the 
 empire to impress upon all their subor- 
 dinates the necessity of granting thorough 
 protection to all the chapels, etc., in 
 their districts. They are also to issue 
 proclamations exhorting the people to 
 abstain from listening to scurrilous tales 
 which excite unfounded suspicions in the 
 breasts of all. If there be any who shall 
 dare to raise disturbances in the future 
 they shall be at once punished with the 
 utmost severity of the law, and as to such 
 of the local officials as may use subterfuge 
 and craft to avoid their duties, they are to 
 be most severely punished, and no leniency 
 shall be exercised in their cases. Let these 
 commands be made known to all within 
 this empire. 
 
 THE VEGETARIANS AT KUCHENG. 
 
 The mail which arrived on the 9th August 
 brought out a pamphlet published by the 
 Church Missionary Society, London, con- 
 taining extracts from the annual letters of 
 the missionaries. Among them is a letter 
 
 from Mr. R. W. Stewart who was foully 
 murdered on the Ist inst., giving a re- 
 markably interesting account of the rise of 
 the Vegetarians at Kucheng, and the 
 power they were exerting at the end of 
 
2G 
 
 last year over the local authorities. He 
 says : — 
 
 All this has been the bright side of the 
 |ia.st year, but we have had some dark days 
 loo. Owing doubtless to the Government 
 being fully engaged with the war, a sect 
 known as the Vegetarians, but hitherto 
 without influence or position, has suddenly 
 sprung into vigorous life in this part of the 
 country. 
 
 They first came into prominence in 
 August, a month after the declaration of 
 war ; and at a village called Adengbang, 
 where an unusually large number of men 
 were joining our Church, they attacked the 
 converts, beating some, pillaging the shop 
 of another, and finally cut down and carried 
 off §100 worth of rice-crops belonging to a 
 leading convert of the place. 
 
 I at once visited our chief mandarin, who 
 promised to take the matter up without 
 delay. On sending out officers to investi- 
 gate, they were met by an armed mob, and 
 there being no soldiers nearer than Foo- 
 chow, nothing could be done. I ought to 
 say, perhaps, that on paper we have 100 
 soldiers attached to Kucheng ; but the 
 mandarins do without them, and pocket 
 the pay. 
 
 A month or so later, in another part of 
 the district, these Vegetarians, with whom 
 are allied one of the most dangerous of the 
 secret societies, committed some offence, 
 but not In any way connected with our 
 church, so heinous that the magistrate was 
 compelled to seize three or four and im- 
 prison them. This was a signal for a 
 rising. Messages quickly were despatched 
 in all directions, and a mob assembled 
 round the yamen. 
 
 All that day they beat round the house, 
 shouting threats of vengeance. On their 
 way to the yamSn, they paused outside 
 our city church. Some were for rushing in 
 and demolishing it, others advised to move 
 on to the yamen, and if they proved unsuc- 
 cessful there, they could return and take it 
 next. The poor women and others in the 
 church buildings, hearing all this, were, as 
 you may imagine, terrified, knowing by past 
 experience that there was every chance of 
 the threats being carried out. 
 
 As the mob crowded round the yamhi, 
 ever increasing in number, one leading 
 citizen after another, who had been closeted 
 wi^h the mandarin, came forth with 
 offers of concession. The first, hold- 
 ing up his hand for silence, cried : “Go 
 home, go home ; the mandarin will allow 
 you to build your headquarters in the city. 
 
 which before he had refused, and will give 
 you §200 himself.” After a moment’s pause, 
 this was greeted with shouts of disapproval, 
 and so for hours it went on ; and as our 
 little children listened to it, you may 
 imagine their feelings. The fall of the 
 yam?n would probably have meant an 
 attack on us. 
 
 At last, as evening was drawing on, 
 and the mob showed their determination to 
 have their way, a Mr. Lang, one of the 
 best-known men of the city, came out with 
 the message that all they asked for would 
 be granted ; the prisoners would be liber- 
 ated and sent home in state, and the man- 
 darin would acknowledgehimself defeated by 
 allowing his secretary to be publicly beaten 
 before the people. Poor-wretch ; he got 
 300 blows of the bamboo, and was dismiss- 
 ed next morning from his office. This to 
 Chinese minds, meant that the mandarin 
 was himself beaten and brought to his 
 knees in disgrace. From that day, when 
 they learned their power, recruits have 
 crowded in ; all in trouble with their neigh- 
 bours, through debt or lawsuit, flock to 
 their standard. 
 
 Since last August their numbers have 
 rapidly increased, and in December notices 
 were posted up all through the city and 
 country, calling for a monster gathering at 
 their new headquarters here. Very disquiet- 
 ing rumours reached us. The converts 
 urged me to organise them, and procure 
 arms. Of course, I would not do this, 
 and showed them how futile any such pro- 
 ceeding would be. The day arrived, an 
 enormous meeting was held, but no injury 
 was done. 
 
 I have just learned that, up to the pre- 
 sent, 3,00'J have been enlisted in the last 
 half-year, mostly of the lowest orders, and 
 at the present time the reins of govern- 
 ment are practically in their hands. 
 What the immediate future will unfold 
 no one can say. One most significant 
 fact, as indicating the opinion of the 
 better classes in the city, is that they 
 have subscribed some thousands of dollars 
 to rebuild their city wall and repair the 
 gates, and to put all in order to resist 
 an attack. They are working with quite 
 unwonted vigour. I asked some men the 
 other day, as we watched the building, 
 why this great expense was being incurred, 
 and got answer, “ For fear of a rebellion.” 
 I asked who would rebel. “The Vege- 
 tarians.” This was said quite openly. Our 
 house being outside the city, the rebuilding 
 of the wall will not make any diflPeretice to 
 us. 
 
 1 
 
27 
 
 LATEST INTELLIGENCE. 
 
 (Sl-ECIAL TELEGRAMS TO TJIE “NORTH-CHINA DAILY NEWS.”) 
 
 MASSACRE OF MISSIONARIES 
 NEAR KUCHENG. 
 
 Foochow, 3rd August, 11.20 a.m. 
 
 News is to hand of an attack on the 
 Kucheng missionaries at their sanata- 
 rium at U’hasang, not far from Kucheng. 
 Five foreign ladies have been killed and 
 two foreign ladies and two children 
 wounded, while others are missing. The 
 outbreak is the action of the Vegetarian 
 Society. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 Trouble, riot and rebellion at Kucheng 
 about ninety miles interior, west Foo- 
 chow. Miss Hartford (American Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Mission), badly wounded. 
 Doctor J. J. Gregory another American, 
 believed escaped injury. Five English 
 Missionary ladies killed, others wounded. 
 United States Marshall with steam launch 
 gone to relief wounded parties at Suikow. 
 I’arliculars by later telegram. 
 
 4th August, 3.10 p.m. 
 
 Marshal returned bringing all survivors 
 massacre. Miss Hartford not wounded; 
 every American missionary safe now in 
 Foochow. Ten English killed instead 
 of five as first reported ; three very badly 
 wounded. 
 
 5 20 p.m. 
 
 .'\rchdeacon Wolfe and the Rev. W. 
 Banister, of the Church Missionary 
 Society, went in a steam-launch to Suikow 
 last night to meet the Rev. H. S. Phillips 
 who came in charge of the wounded, 
 namely Miss Codrington, who has a bad 
 head wound, and the Rev. R. \V. 
 Stewart’s four children, the eldest with 
 kneecap badly injured, and the youngest 
 with eye gouged out ; all arrived and are 
 in the hospital here. 
 
 The attack took place early on the 
 I St instant. The houses were set on fire, 
 and the Rev. R. W. and Mrs. Stewart 
 (C.M.S.) and one child were burnt to 
 death. The corpses of the killed and 
 the charred remains are now on the way 
 
 down. The Rev. H. S. Phillips (C.M.S.) 
 escaped through living in a native house 
 a short distance away. Spears and 
 swords were used in the massacre. The 
 following is the list of those killed : — 
 
 The Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart and 
 and child, 
 
 Miss Lena 
 
 Miss Gordon, (C.E.Z.M.) 
 
 Miss Marshall, 
 
 Miss Nellie Saunders, 
 
 Miss Topsy Saunders, 
 
 Miss Gordon, 
 
 Miss Hettie Newcombe 
 
 , 6th August, 10.30 p.m. 
 
 j Affecting funeral of massacred this 
 I morning. This evening meeting at Club, 
 j all residents present. The Rev. Phillips, 
 j who saw nearly all, gave his harrowing 
 ; account. Dr. Gregory, who arrived at 
 ^\’hasang after massacre, related all he 
 saw. Resolution proposed by Mr. 
 Westall carried expressive of feeling of 
 horror and indignation at the barbarous 
 outrage and sympathy with friends of 
 victims. Resolution proposed by Dr. 
 Smyth carried, that moral force was no 
 longer of use, and deprecating money 
 compensation. Resolutions to be tele- 
 graphed to respective governments. 1,000 
 have been sent to Kucheng. A gunboat 
 is due here to-morrow. 
 
 The following telegrams also reached 
 here on Tuesday night : — 
 
 Foochow, 6th August, 7.45 p.m. 
 
 Secured forty-eight names of members 
 of Vegetarian Society at Kutien. Nine- 
 teen are names of leaders, and two are 
 believed to be names of actual murderers. 
 
 The above is from reliable sources. 
 The Chinese officials are sending vague, 
 indefinite reports about action taken at 
 Kutien. The Viceroy has just stated 
 that he had no information that any 
 ; arrests have been made. The officials 
 were not represented at the funeral of 
 * the victims this morning. 
 
28 
 
 lo.io p.m. 
 
 A mass meeting here has unanimously 
 resolved that the American and English 
 Ciovernments must use severe measures, 
 and never accept dollars for lives. The 
 resolution wasintroduced by missionaries. 
 
 The following telegram, kindly handed 
 to us for publication, confirms the des- 
 patch from our correspondent at Foochow 
 published above. 
 
 7th August, 9.35 a.m.' 
 
 Resolution passed here last night at 
 indignation meeting that no confidence 
 would be felt at this port until England 
 had brought murderers and responsible 
 officials to justice, and that Missionary 
 Societies concerned decline in this case 
 to be satisfied with a money indemnity ; 
 severely condemning the milk-and-water 
 policy of the Foreign Powers in China 
 where life and property are at present 
 unsafe. 
 
 A later telegram has the sad news that 
 one of the wounded Stewart children is 
 very low and is not expected to live. 
 
 MR. MANSFIELD’S ESCORT. 
 'I'HE VICEROY’S BRAVES. 
 
 Foochow, 7th August, 9 10 p.m. 
 
 Mr. Mansfield does not know yet of 
 whom his n>ilitary escort is to consist, 
 but is awaiting news from Kucheng. 
 'The first thing the Viceroy’s troops did 
 there was to loot the late Mr. Stewart’s 
 house. I hear to-night that the Vegeta- 
 rians are much stronger than was sup- 
 posed. It may suit them to hand over 
 some hirelings for massacre, otherwise 
 the Viceroy will have to send up a 
 stronger force. 
 
 H.M.S. Linnet has arrived here. 
 
 The following telegram from the Rev. 
 G. B. Smyth has been kindly handed to 
 us for publication ; — 
 
 Foochow, 7th August, 9 p.m. 
 WHAT CHINESE PROTECTION IS 
 WORTH ! 
 
 Hykes, Shanghai. 
 
 A special messenger from Kutien 
 says that the Chinese soldiers sent to 
 Kutien City to protect Mission property 
 plundered all valuables in Stewart’s house. 
 The British and American Consuls 
 
 should go to Kutien for a thorough 
 investigation as here it is impossible. 
 Delay longer and there is danger of riots 
 elsewhere. Are the Foreign Ministers 
 dead ? Publish this. 
 
 Smyth. 
 
 HONGKONG AND TFIE 
 IsIASSACRE. 
 
 Hongkong, 7th August, 4.30 p.m. 
 
 A meeting to protest against the 
 massacre at Kucheng will be held here 
 to-morrow. 
 
 H.M.S. Linnet left for IMochow yes- 
 terday, but no troops. 
 
 THE INDIGNATION MEETING 
 IN HONGKONG. 
 
 ' 8th August. 
 
 The public meeting held in the 
 theatre at the City Halt this afternoon 
 was crowded. Great indignation was 
 I expressed at the criminal connivance 
 of the Chinese Government and the 
 apathy of the British Government, which 
 , should demand strong, stern measures, 
 j The speakers were the Chief Justice 
 , Sir Fielding Clarke, Mr. J. J. Francis, 
 i Q.C., Mr. G. B. Dodwell, Mr. Thomas 
 j Jackson, and others. 
 
 ; RIOT AT FATSHAN. 
 
 'I'liere has been a riot at Fatshan, 
 and the mission there was attacked. 
 It is now alleged that the telegraph line 
 is broken. 
 
 ; ATTACK ON A FRENCH MISSION. 
 
 I The French mission at Huyen in 
 I Kuangtung was attacked by a mob, 
 and defended with fire-arms. Several 
 of the rioters were killed, and the rest 
 having received a ransom from the 
 priests retired. No foreigners were 
 killed. 
 
 ; PROTECTION FOR FOOCHOW. 
 
 I 
 
 Foochow, Sth August. 
 
 I H.M.S. Linnet arrived yesterday, and 
 
 ' the Redpole is due to-morrow. 
 
 I A DOUBTFUL TALE. 
 
 News has come from Minching thirty 
 ! miles away that the Vegetarians have 
 robbed a Chinese Customs officer of 
 
29 
 
 five thousand dollars, in transit from 
 Suikow. The officer and guard of 
 eighteen men were killed. This news, 
 telegraphed down to the authorities, is 
 thought to be bogus. 
 
 THE SO-CALLED VEGETARIANS. 
 
 The force of Vegetarians is said to 
 be twelve thousand, a proportion of 
 them being very well armed. Four 
 hundred heads of the society meet 
 daily in a village three miles from 
 Kucheng. It is thought that the Viceroy 
 is powerless to make arrests without 
 e.xtraneous help, though the military force 
 in Foochow on paper is ten thousand. 
 
 [Well-informed Chinese here believe that 
 lhe.se rioters really belong to the White Lily or 
 some similar secret society, and arc not Vege- 
 tarians at all. — Eu.] 
 
 SOME ARRESTS MADE. 
 
 8.25 P-nv 
 
 It is reported that eight arrests have 
 been made at Kucheng. 
 
 TELEGRAM TO THE U.S. 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 The following is a copy of the telegram 
 which American citizens in Shanghai 
 sent on Friday night (9th) to the Presi- 
 dent of the United States. It was un- 
 animously signed by all Americans who 
 could be found, e.vcept by those in official 
 positions : — 
 
 President Cleveland, Washington. 
 
 Americans Shanghai unanimously 
 protest against action Minister Denby 
 consenting British Consul represent 
 American Szechuan enquiry. Recom- 
 mend reconstruction Commission with 
 American official adequate rank, exclud- 
 ing implicated Chinese officials ; also 
 recommend marine escort accompany 
 Commission. 
 
 Hykes, 
 
 Seaman, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 THE KUCHENG MASSACRE. 
 Peking, 10th Aug., 12 lu. 
 Tsungli Yameu and British Minister 
 hold daily conferences ; result, so far, 
 unknown, but in response to Viceroy 
 
 Pien’s memorial the Emperor has de- 
 graded Kucheng Magistrate for inabil- 
 ity to prevent massacre, but retained 
 to prosecute arrest of murderers. Vice- 
 roy Pien is ordered to exterminate the 
 Vegetarians at all costs and special 
 edicts have been sent to Fukien Com- 
 mander-in-Chief Huang, and the Ad- 
 miral Yang at Amoy to send all avail- 
 able troops to a.ssist Viceroy at Foochow. 
 The Censorate has somehow got reli- 
 able news that the Kolao Ilui Centres 
 liave sent representatives to meet the 
 White Lily chiefs in Fukien and 
 Kiangsi to organise alliance to oppose 
 Imperial government. The Vegetarians 
 are said to belong to latter society. 
 It is likely that some Censors will use 
 this news to denounce certain Viceroys 
 and Governors whose provinces are the 
 hot beds of these secret societies. 
 
 THE KUCHENG MASSACRE. 
 
 Foochow, 11th Aug., 8.45 p.m. 
 
 H.M.S./Aa’H^owand theU.S.S.i><3#ro/# 
 are expected here, 'i'he report of arrests 
 having been made at Kucheng is con- 
 firmed. Mr. Mansfield, British Consul, 
 goes to Kucheng on Thursday, the 15th 
 instant. The composition of his escort 
 is not yet settled. 
 
 12th August, 9.20 p.m. 
 
 Forty arrests have been made at 
 Kucheng, but as far as known they 
 are of doubtful importance. 
 
 The U.S.S. Detroit has arrived. 
 
 DEPARTURE OF THE KUCHENG 
 COMMISSION. 
 
 13th Aug., noon. 
 
 British Consuls Mansfield and Allen, 
 the Piev. W. Banister, the Rev. L. H. 
 Star, U.S. Consul Hixson, Lieutenant 
 Evans of the U.S.S. Detroit, and Dr. 
 Gregory, are leaving Foochow at 4 
 p.m. to-day with Chinese escort, for 
 Kucheng. 
 
 INDIGNATION MEETING AT 
 TIENISIN. 
 
 Tientsin, 13th August, 4.50 p.m. 
 
 An Indignation Meeting in reference 
 to recent outrages was held here on 
 
30 
 
 Saturday, and the following telegrams 
 were sent yesterday to the Press in 
 London and America : — 
 
 “ The foreign community express 
 their sympathy with the friends of the 
 Kucheug victims. They consider the 
 Chinese officials guilty. Both British 
 a'nd Americans blame the continued 
 apathy of their governments for the 
 situation. They regard England’s de- 
 mands in reference to the Kucheng 
 massacre as useless. As before, the 
 officials will buy innocent heads as 
 substitutes for the actual criminals. The 
 community protests against the Szechuan 
 commission and the implicated officials 
 thereon. England and America must 
 send an ultimatism to Peking and 
 threaten reprisals ; to trust to diplomacy 
 is useless. The attention of the Press 
 to the matter is implored.” 
 
 Messages were also sent to President 
 Cleveland and Lord Salisbury, request- 
 ing their attention to the telegrams 
 sent the Press. 
 
 Dickinson, Chairman. 
 
 PROGRE'^S OF TEE KUCHENG 
 COMMISSION. 
 
 Foochow, 15th Aug., 8.45 p.m. 
 
 Consul Mansfield and party arrived 
 at Suikou at noon to-day, eu route for 
 Kucheng. 
 
 I THE KUCHENG COMMISSION. 
 
 I Foochow, 17th August. 
 
 The British and American Consuls 
 ' arrived at Kucheng last (Friday) night. 
 
 Some important arrests have been made. 
 
 , The people are quiet, but frightened. 
 
 CHINESE INSOLENCE AT 
 KUCHENG. 
 
 19th August. 
 
 Consul Mansfield wires that the high 
 ! Chinese official declines to allow the 
 British and American Consuls to be 
 i present at the examination of the men 
 i arrested at Kucheng. 
 
 i BLOOD IS THICKER THAN WATER. 
 
 On Thursday night (8th) Messrs. R. 
 A. Parker and C. F. Reid of the Southern 
 ! Methodist Mission united in sending 
 i the follow cablegram to the Secretary 
 j of their Board : — 
 
 i “ Horrible massacre, more trouble, 
 move Washington.” 
 
 J Early on Monday morning, the fulluw- 
 j ing reply was received : — 
 
 Reid, Shanghai. 
 
 , “Government vigorous, adopts mea- 
 I sures. — Lambutii.” 
 
 !. 
 
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