Columbia ianibft:^it;> 
 intbfflittpofltttipjirk 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THE SELIGMAN LIBRARY OF ECONOMICS 
 PURCHASED BY THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 1929 
 
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“ABOVE ALL PARTIES IS THE COUNTRY.” 
 
 ^BOLiTionsr OF 
 
 Reduced Appropriation for States and Cities 
 
 AND OF THEIR 
 
 IQUl MS Dll PRIlPdin. 
 
 (JREENIUCKS AT PAR VALUE PERMANENTLY. 
 
 INCREASED VAIDE OF PROPERTY UNDER LESS RENTS. 
 
 ONLY $20,000,000 OR NOTHING 
 
 OF 
 
 FEDERAL TAXES AND DUTIES. 
 
 By M. De EMBIL. 
 
 HAVANA, 
 
 PRINTED AT F. CAINE’S DIRECTORY PRINTING OFFICE, 
 
 98 San Ignacio Street. 
 
 1877 
 
I ^ -- iU • ■h:. 
 
 DIRECTORY'S BOOK * JOB PRINTING OFFICE, 
 98 SAN IGNACIO CT., HAVANA. 
 
 /Y'O.A 
 
 \QHCo~. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The following pamphlet, that was published in February 
 1877, while the votes of tho U. S. people had made a Republican 
 president, by doing at last justice to the South, and changing 
 in favor of the South sympathy that had been alienated, pro¬ 
 duced the nomination of a democratic government in North and 
 South Carolina and gave them the right of self-government, 
 and re-established not only peace, but realized cordiality, as 
 the trip of President Hayes through the South has proved elo¬ 
 quently. 
 
 The hate to the South had as pretext the war,—forgetting 
 their w^ar against England for the reason of duties on tea,—Mr. 
 Emhil’s object has been to prove that conflicting interests, that 
 favor one section and damage the other, that force the South to 
 get, for $50 as price of a bale of cotton, in barter, only half the 
 quantity of ploughs, harness, clothing and all necessary and 
 commodities, comparing with double quantity that free trade 
 could give them, was equivalent to sell for $25 the same bale of 
 cotton, when $25 could have the purchasing power that $50 
 had before. 
 
 That in that way, the South was contributing with 150 
 million dollars lost per year, in protection of the beggar industry 
 of other States;—that if the cost of the public debt since 18Gd 
 had averaged 122 million dollars and the pensions had been for 
 29 millions, the South could say that the cost in total left as a 
 consequence of the war, they had provided for. They had lost 
 the value of their slaves, without any indemnity; as France 
 Holland, ilngland, had paid to the slave owners of their colonies 
 out of the ^‘metropolitan” Budget; the South had also paid the 
 damages that the war caused in the Southern region wliere 
 it was fought; the bad government of carpet-baggers, exciting 
 the ex-slaves, to \vhom political rights were accorded at once, 
 though unable to read and wTite, had also been a great 
 calamity. 
 
If the South protested against the breaking of the Clay’s 
 compromise about tariff, against the communist Morill’s tariff, 
 now that the disastrous effects of such brutal system of tarift 
 are evident when giving, as fruit, the incapacity of every im¬ 
 portant industry in the United States to compete with the 
 analogous industry in the other countries less favored by nature 
 and locality, justice is done to the South by giving them self- 
 government, and with justice, peace has been restored all along 
 the line. 
 
 The shameful results of the protection to industry through 
 tariff are easily explained : while the South has provided 
 $187,662,425 on exports, in the article of cotton only, after 
 providing for 1,400,000 bales of cotton for the Northern manu¬ 
 facture, that these can buy one cent cheaper than England can 
 buy equal quality, though exporting for $350,000,000 of cotton 
 goods and for $1,100,000,000 of iron; while the U. S. manu¬ 
 facturers have become invalid and have not contributed to the 
 exports, except in one tenth of the grand total, and this one 
 tenth is but negative in the enormous balance they cause, we 
 add a study of our trade. By copying Mr. Young’s tables we 
 find the shameful results ; 
 
 Raw silk and inanf. do.$27,440,686 
 
 Raw wools and woolens. 88,912,350 
 
 Raw cotton and nianf. do. 94,794,431 
 
 Iron and manf. do. 11.020,576 
 
 heather and manf. do. 8,036,400 
 
 Hides and skins. 11,874,406 
 
 Paper materials. 3,711,953 
 
 Heer and ale. 977,981 
 
 Hopper and manf. do. 19,794,451 
 
 Tin and manf. do. 9,416.816 
 
 Wood and manf. do. 4,323,988 
 
 India rubber and gutta percha. 385,140 
 
 8oda and salt .soda.. 4,368,913 
 
 $251,072 
 
 416,295 
 
 9,061,557 
 
 7,729,030 
 
 176,477 
 
 2,253,479 
 
 10,117 
 
 64,123 
 
 9,051,557 
 
 46,217 
 
 297,641 
 
 1,912 
 
 31,808 
 
 $235,058,099 $29,375,285 
 
 How to domicile the exterior debt owed by the American 
 family of U. S. Government, States, Counties, Cities, that aggre¬ 
 gates 3,000 million dollars, how to restore the importance of the 
 U. S. navy, how to save the 50 million dollars now paid yearly 
 to foreign flag in freights and passages, how to be free men en¬ 
 joying of the sacred right and liberty of buying in the cheapest 
 market, how to re-esbiblish economy in the federal. States and 
 Cities Budgets and as a consequence, a reduced municipal tax, 
 
all that under absolute free trade and by repealing the Bank act, 
 Mr. Embil has explained, and if protectionists have groaned, 
 none of them has dared to oppone Mr. Embil’s arguments of 
 figures. Treaties of commerce on the basis of mutual franchises 
 will result. If Professor Morse did what no other man had 
 realized, the United States can give the great example of a good 
 government (1). 
 
 Now that we have all seen how easily, after the eloquent 
 statistics used by Mr. Embil, the hates between North and 
 South changed into cordiality, we must hope that the declara¬ 
 tion of absolute free trade will equal all, will leave no privileges, 
 no reasons of just complaint to none. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 (1) For th« fulfilment of this, an uniform law for all the Status Is wanted, as the Code 
 Nap eon Is in France, and this only law, instead of the anarchy of laws, must be framed on the 
 DKii I .'I indissoluble family. 
 
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ABOLITION 
 
 0 V 
 
 CUSTOiVI HOUSES AND INTERNAL REVENUES. 
 
 Mr. Embil’s scheme, in -which he insists since 1872, and that-we expect 
 will be realized if a party, free of compromises of compeers, comes to 
 power, is to abolish Custom Houses and Internal Revenues, finally all 
 taxes and duties of any class, that are no collecte<l directly by the IT. S. 
 Government, and to come to the ideal that no other people has reached. 
 
 The theory is that if until 1801, 62 million dollars were enough for 
 the total budget of the United States, with a tariff that added cost, in 
 average, to all articles, as clothing for the army, materials for the navy, 
 and what every person wants, in proportion of which cost of living, and 
 of household, salary must bo measured, then without tariff, under absolute 
 free trade; saving the cost of customs the budget can bereducedto equal 
 §62,000,000, (besides interests and added pensions), even according or 
 authorizing the extravagance in habits that-war introduced. 
 
 Mr. Embil considers very wise, that every State con vines its reve¬ 
 nues according to its industry and circumstances, closely discussed in 
 family, with better sucess than the General Government could do. But 
 as the General Government must provide for war, navy and other ex¬ 
 penses, the States, in all justice, must contribute by apportionment to 
 the Federal Government, with twenty-five per cent, of the total they 
 collect in revenues. On §360,000,000 less interest on debts, would repre¬ 
 sent §75,000,000 and the abolition of customs and internal revenues -would 
 reduce their expenses far over the §75,000,000, The actual surplus of 
 §13,000,000, what the sale of public lands and other property now pro¬ 
 duce, that would fetch better prices under free trade, (public lands in 1834 
 produced §25,000,000) the mints in lease, the sale and lease of navy 
 yards so left to private enterprise, and of public buildings of the abol¬ 
 ished department, consular and patent fees, etc., etc., would aggregate 
 what would be -wanted for interests of the public debt and pension, etc. 
 The interests of the public debt could be reduced to §50,000,000, if the 
 goverment for the people and by the people should resume the privilege of 
 issuing paper money, (greenbacks good as legal tender for all transactions 
 with the Government,) the banking act should be abolished, forcing the 
 banks to cancel their bank notes guaranteed by the United States, accord¬ 
 ing them free banking, offering greenbacks in exchange for old United 
 States Bonds, on the basis of par for both; since Mr. Embil thinks that 
 the first effect of the contraction of circulation (of bank notes), would no 
 doubt be to raise the value of greenbacks to par gold, and the simulta¬ 
 neous effect to force below par, the value of United States Bonds, in 
 proportion to the amount that banks would offer in sales or that 
 
they should surrender to tlie Govennuent to leave to its charge, to 
 redeem their bank notes by mhatituting them w.ih greenbacks. The eco¬ 
 nomy would be, not only of ^24,000,000 in imerests, $400,000,000 
 of bonds refunded in another debt loithout interest, (greenbacks), not 
 only of other $30 000,000 that are now wanted fur the sinking fund that 
 could he provided with the cancellel binds, but the reduction of old 
 bonds would make a market to issue 3.65 per cent, of consolidated 
 perpetual bonds, payable at par, in greenbacks or gold indifferently, 
 and using at once, such funds to call to payment and redemption, the old 
 bonds that had not been surrendered voluntarily, with $20,000,000 differ¬ 
 ential cost of interest, saving also the cost of printing and rtuleemii g the 
 different bank notes of 2,000 banks, ($3,000,000). and in Treasury when 
 not dealing with banks fur their money and for their United States Bonds, 
 deposited to secure ciaculation, also, abuliahnig the coin certificates and 
 such banking transactions, saving in total $74,000,000 per year 
 
 Customs aggregate the value of $160 after paying a premium on gold 
 to pay imports (the same of manufictures or of raw materials) and duty 
 in gold, what in average should cost only $100 under absolute free trade.) 
 Customs and internal revenues once abolijhed, would save the total cost 
 of these departments in all its consequences ($40,000,000) and the cost 
 of those dependencies remaining, should he reduced in proportion of 
 $160 to $100 (in $49,000,000) in proportion to $130 000,000), what 
 would be more easy, as compensation, than to reduce the $39,700,000, 
 that in the Evening Expressed October 5, 1875, Mr. Embil proposed to 
 reduce at once and that T’nited States Congress acepted and formulated 
 fir $89,412,000. In such proportion of$l60 to $100, salary payable in 
 money equal gold could be reduced. 
 
 Such basis of reduction would be realized in the States appropria¬ 
 tions; by the same logic, the cities and counties appropriations and local 
 or cities taxes to property, could be reduced, as a consequence, and in 
 equal proportion. 
 
 What proves that the abolition of customs and internal revenues 
 ($254,000,000 last year), instead of requiring a direct tax in substitution, 
 should produce the reduction of the actual direct tax on property, etc. 
 Then, if instead of this tax being 3 per cent, on $30,000 a-ssessed value of 
 a house, viz . $300; fir the $600 difference, the rent of the house could 
 be reduced, and notwithstanding, the owner would realize equal net rent; 
 wuh the alvaatigo -T buying, fur the co.st of only $1,000, necessary and 
 comm • titles, th.i*^ now Cost him $1,600. and with another economy in the 
 cost of paintings, iron, etc. when free of duty, and in all jobs for repairing 
 his house. 
 
 The society is divided in two classes, who create wealth, and who are 
 unproductive and live on public contribution, conflicting interests 
 betAveen north and south. The last proved with slavery and noAV without 
 slavery, reaching equal monster crop of cotton (4,669,000 bales, last 
 year) besides, 20 per cent, of all corn also sugars, their efforts in agricul¬ 
 ture: instead of having protective laws, bears the burden of the protect¬ 
 ive tariff, prove ivhat men can do n hen selecting ivliat is in their capacity 
 and the conditions of the .soil and so contributing to the $540,000,000 
 total exported, exclusive of metals and coin, with near half. 
 
The South, besides contributing to the total exports with near half, 
 in the article of cotton, with 8,4Ti,000 bale^, in 1876, manpieted abroad 
 for ^187,691,000, provide the 1,400,000 bales of cotton that manufac¬ 
 tures consume, and which would be nothing without the energy of the 
 South, and they consume also 145,000 bales; that is more, per capita. 
 Consequently, it'S the source of Unite 1 States wealth; and, if they pay 
 more than the other States, they are Worth of equal consideration, if not 
 more. Since its infancy, the South has been major, fighting and com¬ 
 peting honorably, in the open markets of the World, with their cotton, 
 M’hile the manufactures that have wanted to invent nothing about 
 .blankets, calicoes, alpaca, still allege that they are babies, minors, infanta, 
 and live on public charity or contribution. The actual export averages 
 $12 per copita. in proportion of $33J the eight millions population of 
 the South properly, and only $7J the other States put together. The 
 ^12 average is only one seventh of what the other called lazy people— 
 Cuba—reaches: and such qualification of lazy is generally done by young 
 and strong lads, thit use their energy of body and intelligence, in 
 selling to women exterior and interior ornaments to inflate them. 
 
 The manufacturers allege that after one hundred years, they are 
 still minors, irifants, in the science of blankets, calicos and w’oolens, 
 and, in order to keep a tariff lint permits them to sell for double 
 what the so-called free could buy, under free trade, for half price, in that 
 way depriving the free of the most sacred of all rights, to buy in the 
 cheape.st market, of which right, as subjects, they enjoyed under Co¬ 
 lonial Government, of which right the British subjects, of England and 
 her Colonies enjoy still more liberally now. 
 
 How the sma?'t manufacturers consider as protective, a tariff that 
 equally taxes the raw material of w’ool, silk plush for hats, raw silk, dyeings, 
 etc., dearing wages and jobs and taxes and cost of money, expecting to 
 reimburse only to refund when selling, and losing the interest mean¬ 
 while, cannot be conceived. The system is, no doubt, deceitful; by offering 
 to sell dear, they really buy as much dearer, they could realize equal 
 profit by buying and selling equally cheaper. The difference is, that in 
 the last case, manufactures could compete, could be exported, at a profit, 
 they could produce not only for the local consumption of the United 
 States, but also for the consumption of other people and countries, and, 
 on the basis of reciprocity, do treaties of commerce. There is no doubt 
 that, in proportion to greater production, there Would be greater demand 
 for Working classes; mills should AVork full time, instead of only a few 
 hours; the condition of the working classes should improve, and they could 
 buy cheap blankets, etc., wanting less pay to get savings, that cannot be 
 obtained now on high Wages. As a consequence of free trade, when 
 importing more, bat exporting still more, it Would not be a great triumph 
 to reach an aggregate export of at least 31^000,000,000 or less that Great 
 Britain reached last year with less population and natural and geo¬ 
 graphical advantages, of new and cheap soil. 
 
 lY^hen railroad companies could buy iron, steel, coal, labor, and 
 taxes cheap, they could reduce tlieir tariffs to transport iron and coal, 
 on which articles transportation adds so much to the cost, for the con¬ 
 sumer, and to be exported Those that extract coal and iron from near the 
 
— 10 — 
 
 surface, and areeo cheap lands, could not say that they cannot 
 compete with Great Britain, that must go to 500 vards depth, still less, 
 when, under Colonial Government, they could compete m such articles, 
 under British franchises, that mean the efficacious protection, if the 
 individual rights arc respected. 
 
 The revenue of Post offices, that leaves nov^ a. deffiaenc^ ot ^o,OOU,OUU 
 Mr. Embil thinks, could produce, at least, as much as surplus, the 
 difference being ^10,000,000; by reducing salary and all, to §100, instead 
 of §160, when paying in money, equal gold, and under free trade; could 
 be more surplus by abolishing the service of samples, trees, boots, clean 
 or dirty clothing and of all that is not intelligence, that has been costing 
 §10,000,000, absorbing, with excess, the profit of legitimate service of cor¬ 
 respondence and newspapers; and still greater surplus, by forcing the lines 
 of railroads, that are public highways, for the service of Government, to 
 carry the mails, without charge, when, expecting so great benefits and 
 franchises, as would result for them, higher value for their lands, and in 
 many other re.spects. 
 
 We cannot resist to support Mr. Embil’s glorious plan Without some 
 restropective recollection. Under President Buchanan s administration, 
 when the local tax on property, as a consequence of the cheap and 
 liberal system. Was only 62 cents in the dollar instead of §2.85 for 1876, 
 and §2.65 for 1877, the federal budget aggregated §62.356,953. In 
 1874-5 navy and army cost §62,618.272. that is more than the total 
 budget, and there Was no suitable ve.=<sel to send to Cuba during the Vir- 
 ginius affair. In 1861 §6,156,199 was the total of Congress, Execut- 
 i ve, Judicial, Government of Territories, Mints and Public lands. In 
 1874-5 those items cost §17,346 929 with the addition of the 
 land office, to get a negative revenue when collecting §1,413,540 for the 
 sale of land, and ha ving §1,856,067 expenses, viz., §442,220 defficiency. 
 Public land in 1834 produced §25.000,000. Coinage is another cost 
 instead of being a source of revenue by leasing the mints under the 
 supervision of the Government. 
 
 II. 
 
 REVENUES FOR THE PROPOSED BUDGET. 
 
 §8,000,000 
 
 5,000,000 
 
 75,000,000 
 
 10,000,000 
 
 5,000,000 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 sale of public lands and other property, consular and pa¬ 
 tent fees, coinage, &c. as now. 
 back pay of repealed duties and taxes, 
 apportionment of States, 25 per cent, of what they cullect * 
 or one quarter of one per cent, on real estate (and mean¬ 
 while an only tax on whisky.) 
 tax to banks and bankers, only on capital, 
 more sales and at better prices, under free trade, of pu¬ 
 blic lands, etc, 
 
 per year, safe and lease of the abolished customs, kc., also 
 of navy yards. 
 
 to be paid yearly by Pacific Roads, with the economy of 
 free trade, and with the effect of selling its lands. 
 
— 11 — 
 
 6,000,000 surplus in post office, instead of a defficiency, at an equal 
 rate of two cents. 
 
 10,000,000 if wanted, stamps for mortgages, powers of attorney, etc. 
 
 ^124,000,000 
 
 In the revenues, We expect §10,000,000, as tax to Banks—with 
 which we could dispense by reducing Navy and other appropriation; and 
 possibly dispense—or soon after—with the other tax: stamps on mort¬ 
 gages, powers of attorney and such legal documents. Then, to leave 
 nothing of the actual Federal taxes, and duties, is no great difficulty. 
 
 EXPENDITURE. 
 
 §17,000,000 Civil, Congress, Judiciary; Diplomatic [after abolishing 
 customs. Internal Revenue, and reducing District 
 Courts, and service to Banks in U. S. Treasury.] 
 20,000,000 or less Army in balance. Rivers, Harbors, &c. 
 
 12,000,000 Navy in balance. 
 
 24,000,000 Pensions payable in appreciated money. 
 
 51,000,000 Interest on public debt after reducing §24,000,000 refunded 
 in debt without interest (greenbacks), Also^§20,000,000 
 by refunding at least 851,000,000 of six per cent. U. S. 
 Bonds (of the 944,900,000 outstanding), into 3.65 
 U. S. Comoh, and compensating with others, taken in 
 open market. 
 
 §124,000,000 
 
 Instead of §299,611,668 projected for 1877-8, and wanting only 
 §10,000,000 to 20,000,000 in direct tax to be collected by the Federal Gov¬ 
 ernment (1). As pensions can be reduced a great deal in aggregate, by a 
 close scrutiny, and by compensation of public lands, we can aspire to reduce 
 the budget to §100,000,000. To prove that Mr. Embil’s proposed budget 
 is liberal, we copy those budgets that were enough for 1860-1, that 
 include the cost of Customs, and public debt in that time, and of pen¬ 
 sions. 
 
 They were— 
 
 1860. 1S61. 
 
 War. $16,472,202 $23,001,581 
 
 Navy. 11,514,650 12,387,150 
 
 Miscellaneous, included 4,000000 for public debt 27,977,978 23,327,288 
 
 $55,064,830 «58,715,975 
 
 Indians... . 2,991,121 1,865,481 
 
 Pensions. 1,100,802 1,034,000 
 
 (J rand Total.. $60,056,753 $62,616,060 
 
 1. Federal e 
 n)illion.<<. If duty 
 
 -consumption, could be voted at once, and expect 
 
 
- 1 - 2 — 
 
 la expenses, we respect ‘-Pensions,” though those tliat were pai^l 
 bounties and salary cannot be called heroic ; by (>ffcring equal ompens- 
 utions, patriots would be found always in the number wanted Such 
 traces, nor the war of France and Prussia left; nor, still less the Mexican 
 war, against three coaligated nations. 
 
 In 1874-5 the Customs cost $32,000,000, including direct and 
 indirect expenditures, in United States Treasury, buildings, drawbacks, 
 return duties, District Courts mostly occupied and preocupied with 
 revenue suits, etc., and internal revenues, about another $8,000,000. 
 The drawback of about 2J cents on every pound of refined sugar ex¬ 
 ported, enables Canadians to consume our refined sugars, at so much 
 ost than United States people can consume them. That is a real outrage, 
 even forgetting that for 100 lbs., double quantity, can be supposed as 
 exported, of the 20,000 tons (that appears as exported for foreign coun¬ 
 tries in 1876.) 
 
 Insisting that the proposed budget is liberal, we fake ihe aggregate 
 for army and navy, in 1860, being $27,986,852, That, under free trade, 
 could have been reduced from 124, that customs aggregated to cost of 
 everything in that time, viz., to $22,570,000; then, by according 
 $32,000,000. or 42 per cent more, it corresponds w'ith the increased 
 territory liberally. The Indians, if left to Catholic missionaries, could be 
 intermingled with the superior race, in mines, fields, etc., at the example 
 of other countries, and at little cost—clergy with family could 'not 
 attempt the enterprise. About Indians: they expect to know if they 
 are men or cattle? Mexico, that treats them as men, has to deal with 
 5,000,000 Indians, out of a total Budget of less than $20,000,000, to 
 which Budget the States contribute with 25 per cent, of their total reve* 
 nues (as is proposed for the Uni ed State.'*). You have, in the aggregate, 
 255,248 Indians, as per report of Commissioner E. P. Smith, viz,: 
 100,000, that are in pos-session of allottod lands, 51,429 convinced, and 
 undertaking their labors; and of the 89,819 in the West, that are in 
 wild States, only one-eighth of these, viz., 11,200 [! !] are hostiles. If 
 the science of manufacturing blankets, etc., h:is not been learned yet, it 
 occurs equally with the treatment of the Indians. No army is w.mted, 
 neither, in Canada, for Indians; and all America could tell you that, at 
 the equal of negroes, they could be made useful for woiking mines, the 
 lands, &c. 
 
 Even Singapore, Malapa and Kenang settlements in 1874 could sell 
 the United States for $5,000,000, and your superior race could sell them 
 for only $19,226. Mexico, Central America, West Indies, South Amer¬ 
 ica, Avith an aggregate population of 42 millions of Indians and negroes, 
 in part, could sell you for $199J millions, and your called superior race 
 could sell them for only $724 millions. Cuba alone contributes Avorth 20 
 per cent, to your total imports, viz., with $92,526,686 at your values. 
 In the last 20 years the imports from CJuba aggregated 235 million 
 dollars. 
 
 Miscellaneous that averaged $25,652,633, in 1860-61, by reducing 
 from $124 to $100, could have been $20,686,600, and by separating 
 Avhat refers to customs, district courts, etc., come to the proposed 
 $17,000,000. Besides, many consulates could be suppressed. 
 
—13— 
 
 For 18T7-T8 miscellaneous is projected in $66,958,078; but if the 
 co-it of customs and internal revenue is abolished, it would remain in 
 $26,958,078, and by reducing in proportion of $160 to $100, $17,000,000 
 would be enough, or the equivalent. 
 
 In the sale of public lands, that could be limited, for some years, to 
 the regions that are measured, the plan could be adopted of compensating 
 engineers with part of the price. 
 
 You have already measured 610 millions acres of land, worth $7,000 
 millions, and have 1,J9I million acres more unmeasured, that are expec¬ 
 ting franchises of free trade to be worked, after providing the navy yards, 
 and to realize an enormous annmnt yearly, by the sale of the lands, 
 under consequent cheap transportation. 
 
 The mints could be rented under the supervision of the United 
 States Government, and get them not only sell-supporting, but paying a 
 net revenue. A close examination of pensions should prove that much 
 less money is legitimate pay. 
 
 The apportionment of States ($75,000,000)corresponds to one quar¬ 
 ter of I per cent, on $30,000,000,000 value of real estate and personal 
 property; but as ihe effect of the abolition of customs, &c., would be to 
 restore to property the 40 per cent, it has lost the last two years, or the 
 $75,000.0u0 w>mld be come $105,000,000; or the one quarter per cent, 
 on real estate, or 25 percent, of all the sums that States collect, could be 
 reduced to about one sixth, or to ]7 per cent. 
 
 Meanwhile the States agree in the apportionment; all internal taxes 
 could be consolidated into a single and only one^ and this, on whisky, as 
 enough to raise the $75,000,090 net, and taking as a basis 90,000,000 
 gallons that are consumed, could be less than is now, viz., 80 cents per 
 gallon. 
 
 III. 
 
 We cannot resist to oppose General Grant’s Resumption Scheme 
 by issuing United States Bonds and lock gold in the United States Trea¬ 
 sury, disturbing the European markets. 
 
 We must not forget that the aggregate coin and bullion in the Banks 
 of France. England, Prussia, Austria, Belgium and Hamburg, in Octo¬ 
 ber, 1874, was <£1231 millions, viz., $619 000,000. Consequently, any 
 of the utopies of Senator Sherman and others, to negotiate United States 
 Bonds to bring one or two hundred millions dollars would produce the 
 suspension of the Bank of England to prevent the export that in 1873 
 raised its discount rate to 10 per cent, at the export of only $10,000,000. 
 Senator Sherman, when Chairman of the Committee of Finance in 1^566, 
 asserteil that greenbacks meant exactly what is Said, namely: legal tenders 
 in payment of 5-20 Bonds, as the Government considered them in 
 payment of Bonds. And the actual Speaker of United States Senate, 
 .Mr. Ferry, said with honor “I would not discredit my own paper, I 
 Avould declare my paper good for all purposes (payments to Government 
 of duties) and then enter the market and purchase the gold (bars) neccs- 
 
-14- 
 
 sary to meet the obligation which I had a^eed to pay in coin/’ Th» 
 absurdity of repudiating greenbacks for duties perpetrated by the act of 
 March, 1869, when no Bonds were to be issued, only to be bought in 
 open market for the sinking fund, to the object of raising the value of 
 what was to be bought, the other absurd transaction of United States 
 Treasury issuing coin certificate to have the double risk of the coin and 
 management of the certificates, are the only reasons why greenbacks have 
 been below par. 
 
 All the bullion and coin in the Bank of England on December 20, 
 1876, was jG 28,770,533, against ^622,827,755 in 1875 and, by Mr. Sher¬ 
 man’s aberration, about fifty millions, or half this equivalent, could be 
 bjought and locked in the United States Treasury. 
 
 The guarantee of greenbacks as of United States Bonds, is the pu¬ 
 blic wealth, and when only 1 per cent, tax would be enough to cancel all 
 greenbacks, the credit of the Government does not measure by the 
 quantity of coin in Treasury, as could be admitted for public banks. If 
 the object is to contract circulation, the contraction should be of hank 
 notes now guaranteed by the Government, which system could not con¬ 
 tinue if greenbacks were abolished; consequently bank notes could not 
 have their effect of being legal tenders. 
 
 Mr. Grant’s scheme adds cost of interest, and Mr. Embil’s plan 
 eaves 374,000,000 per year in interest, sinking fund, etc. 
 
 The great contraction of circulation leaving no resource to expand 
 it in proportion to increased business and wealth and territory: decidedly 
 should put gold at par, but it would be a public disaster, the shrinkage 
 in all values should be still greater. To get greenbacks appreciated as 
 gold, does not want more coin in the Treasury, only to appreciate them, 
 and receive them as good money, for all payment and dues, since they 
 could be changed everywhere, as the 3602,000,000 of bank notes of the 
 Bank of France (a private corporation), during its suspension of payments 
 and during the war. And only because the French Government honored 
 them they were honored by the community, consequently 31 > 000 , 000,000 
 coin to pay Prussia could be bought at par. Instead of honoring National 
 money the United States Government refuses it for duties. It follows that 
 the return to honor, the abolition of coin certificates that the United States 
 'Treasury issues, the pre-payment if offered of interests without rebate to 
 the object of leaving no gold in the Treasury, but throwing it to the banks 
 would put gold at par. The official resumption of specie payments should 
 not be worth the paper on which it be written. The payments to Govern¬ 
 ment voluntarily would be made in coin, the bond holders would prefer to 
 have their interest paid in greenbacks. Both schemes would force banks to 
 pay their notes in coin, to lose the total premium in gold, and on United 
 States Bonds. Voluntarily or forcibly they would surrender their bonds, 
 that the Government will call to payments when 3100 coin will be equal to 
 3100 greenbacks. By General Grant’s plan of absolute contraction and 
 shrinkage of values, banks will also lose on their property, and by the 
 scheme they would compensate in excess the loss on bonds and many other 
 bad debts would be good. And the theory is so plain, that Saving Banks 
 and Insurance Companies that have so great investments represented by 
 mortgages, could spontaneously bid 3.65 consols, bonds, by surrendering 
 
—15— 
 
 the old bori'ls, to acfiuire so great benefits on the increased value 
 of property. 
 
 We shall formulate Mr. Embil’s proposition to be voted at once by 
 the United States Congress:— 
 
 1st. The government declines the responsibility of keeping United 
 States Bonds to secure circulation of banks and the e.xpense of printing 
 and redeeming bank notes and guaranteeing them, 
 
 2d. The banking act will be repealed and all bank notes guaranteed 
 by the Government will be cancelled. The Government will take to its 
 charge to redeem bank notes of banks that would surrender their United 
 States bonds at par, by issuing greenback in substitution. 
 
 3d. The Government will issue 3.65 per 100 United States Con¬ 
 solidated Bonds, payable in greenbacks or gold, indifferently, at par, or 
 in old bonds. The money so received will be used in calling old bonds to 
 payment at once. 
 
 4th. The cancelled bonds will provide the sinking fund, and 
 $30,000,000 less revenue will be w’anted. 
 
 5th. All banking transactions of coin certificates and deposits of 
 legal tenders, &c., ■will be prohibited to the United States Treasury; in pro¬ 
 portion to the reduced service, the force will be limited and the expense. 
 
 6th. Custom houses and internal revenues will be abolished, the 
 buildings they now occupy will be sold or leased, also navy yards, leaving 
 only three to the care of the Government. 
 
 7th. The States will contribute to the Federal budget with 25 per 
 cent, what they collect in revenues, which is equivalent to one-quarter of 
 one per cent, on real estate and personal property. 
 
 8th. MeanAvhile the agreement of States to pay the apportionment 
 to the Federal Government is in force, all internal revenues will be con¬ 
 solidated into a single and only one on whisky, at the rate of 80 cents 
 per gallon. 
 
 9th. A section in the Treasury will collect the dues of the repealed 
 duties and taxess, and be charged with the sale and lease of the vacated 
 buildings of the abolished departments and the lease of mints. 
 
 If the articles—first and fifth—of the proposed act ■were voted by 
 Congress, the foundation of bank notes would fail, and the ridiculous 
 system by which the United States Government guarantees them. If, in 
 1873, fifty million dollars, or only twenty mill’ons, had been presented 
 to the United States Treasury, asking greenbacks in payment, the 
 Treasury had been forced to suspend, and beg for time to sell United 
 States Bonds kept in deposit to secure circulation. 
 
 For the proposed reform, worthy of the Centennial, and get the 
 admiration and iraitacion of the world, you only want to discharge 50,000 
 public officers, of the 90,000, part of whom Avould find employment in 
 the bond stores aud other dependencies, that would be left to private 
 enterprise and in the many enterprises that prosperity should improvise. 
 Under a new party, in power, the actual officers in employment should 
 be discharged, consequently the trouble can be avoided of substituting 
 
—16— 
 
 them, “I’embarras du choix,” the trouble of selecting the new ones for 
 an homoepathic new Government. 
 
 But as 1,025,000 troops were discharged, after the war, as many 
 were wanted to surrender Lee, to discharge 50,000 now is not a great 
 work. 
 
 IV. 
 
 The Democratic party, in fifty years of power, admired the world, 
 its economical government gave the measure to States and Cities, as a 
 consequence of a moderate tariff New York City grew from 1845 to 1860 
 from 371,223 to 824,254, at the rate of eight per cent., and only at the 
 rate of three per cent, from 1860 to 1875, that, with the annexation of 
 other counties, it reached 1,200,000 The City debt was only $18,901,440 
 in 1860, and, besides the increased rate of taxation, from 0.62 to 2.85 
 in 1876, it increased to $120,000,000, after deducting the sinking fund. 
 
 The valuation of New York City from 1845 to 1860 increased from 
 $239,995,517 to $576,631,706, in 141 per 100, and from 1860 to 1875 
 only in 91 per 100, reaching $1,100,943,699, after annexing Westchester 
 County. The debt, per head, between 1870 and 1875, increased from 
 $77.87 to $105.25, as a necessary consequence of the federal system of 
 tariffs, making dear everything, salary, jobs, etc. 
 
 The City of New York contributes to New Y^ork State, with 
 $7,500,000, on a valuation of $2,108,325,872, real estate, and 
 $357,941,401, viz., a total of $2,466,267,273 the State^ it should con¬ 
 tribute to the Federal budget with only $6,000,000, that is also less 
 than the reduction made under Governor Tilden, and there is no doubt 
 that New York State, under free trade, could reduce appropriations in 
 more than the $6,000,000, yearly, and realizing also a greater valuation. 
 As equal, proportionate reduction, could be made in the City’s appro¬ 
 priation, the rate of taxation on property, that is $2.65 per $100, for 
 1877, could be reduced to $1.66, and, by the increasing vi-lue of pro¬ 
 perty, to $1,11 per $100; and by generalizing the tax to church pro¬ 
 perty, in what is not the locality occupied for worship, that would add 
 $250,000,000, to $0.62 per 100, as was the rate of taxation, during 
 l’j-esi<lent Buchanan. Now, the $2 65 per $100 is equivalent to seven 
 times iTiMri' than the City of Paris, France, wants, to give in exchange, 
 go I pul •• that had fnun<l, at once, Charlie Rosa, and the Nathan mur- 
 dei r g . .d hospitiila, transf.irming the city, salubiity, as is proved, by 
 its minimum mortality, subsidy to theatres, to refine the classes of her 
 society, and, understanding the liberty of religion, in permitting them to 
 visit so decent spectacles of divine music on Sundays, rather than forcing 
 them to brutal vice of intoxication. By reducing the tax to $0.62 per 
 $100, instead of $2.85 per $100, a house assessed at $30,000 could be 
 r^'nted at $612 less, and leave equal net rent to the proprietor. 
 
 A house P'lying $3,500 revenue is worth $70,000 in Paris, France, 
 (tax $300). and $100 000 in Lmdon W'hile it only represents $35,000 
 capital in New York (^ity. What will rent $100, can be Worth as much 
 as $280 now, as the elfet of this general plan. 
 
 The effect in L^nited State.s railroads that ab.solute free trade should 
 
—17— 
 
 produce, can be explained. If iheir expenses aie now 60 per cent., they 
 cowZJ be only 37J per 100, as iron, steel, salary, labor, transportation 
 of coal, and all, could be reduced from 160 to 100, consequently, the 7iet 
 could be 621 per 100, instead of only 40 per 100, and for such difference 
 their tariff could be reduced, and payable in money equal to gold, pro¬ 
 voking m )re transportation, and the selling of their lands at higher prices. 
 The Pacific roals could pay their debts to the government, public debt 
 being domicile I in the United States, instead of paying as much interest 
 to foreign countries; imports being greater, but still greater exports. 
 Without including gold and silver, by only accumulating the domestic 
 produce of both metals, capitalists would reduce the rate of investment 
 and mortgages, and by reducing it only 2 per cent., from?, the increased 
 value of property, stocks, etc., would mean 40 per cent, and greater 
 if the regular value of money was less than 5 per cent., consequently, 
 the rate of taxation, when levied on such increased value, could be still 
 less than the 62 cents per 100, as during Buchanan, perhaps only 40 
 cents per 100, or one seventh of what it is for 1877, and equal to Paris. 
 No perturbation on the markets of Europe is wanted for that, nor ask 
 them gold and silver. As the United States, since 1849, have produced 
 $1,629,000,000 of both metals—last year includes $44,328,501 of gold, 
 and $41,506,672 of silver, an aggregate of $85,833,173—and as the 
 mines continue to pour out, we should not preoccupy more for the previ- 
 sional exports, than for exports of cotton and breadstuffs. All is favor¬ 
 able, only wanting a head with authority. If you give to the silver trade- 
 dollars the quality and weight that w<juld make them correspond with 
 gold, they would be of equal value as gold, for domestic use and for 
 export, the corresponding basis, being 60 13-16 pence an ounce, if silver 
 is worth less, must be compensated. 
 
 Taking 57 pence per pound as the basis (as it was in London, 
 January 3i8t, last) the equivalent is 93.89 in gold, and 94.54 if at 58 
 pence; consequently, by adding corresponding difference in weight and 
 quality, to silver trade-dollars, they would be taken voluntarily at the 
 equal of gold coin, and since the United States produce more and more 
 silver, its interest is to give application for silver as coin. 
 
 V. 
 
 If there is anything more to say to prove that full franchises to 
 imlu'^try is the most efficacious protection, to the proud beggar industry 
 that think that they can only live on public contribution, dividing the 
 society in masters and slave contributors, we '■'hall say that they enliven 
 the hates that the conflicting interests produce, and the responsability of 
 any political trouble, as in 1861 was the Morrill tariff. These hates 
 amongst States could disappear at once as they disappeared in Ireland at 
 the abrogation of the corn laws. The incapacity or stupidity can neither 
 be a reason to force the people to pay two or three dollars for what could 
 be bought f)r one dollar. Such aristocracy, and of banks, on a Goverment 
 for the people and by the people to use the prerogative of issuing money 
 guaranteed by the Goverment in competition to greenbacks, must cease also. 
 
—18— 
 
 If under the tariff of 1857 that we shall call the Clay compromise 
 arbitrarily broken after, that, only taxed manufacture, and raw materials 
 in seventeen to nineteen per cent., cotton manufactures in 1859 could 
 compete and be exported for 311 , 000 , 000 , and the exports only reached 
 one and a half to three million dollars until 1875, under greater fran¬ 
 chises than in 1857, and Anth treaties of commerce, the experts should 
 be greater than in 1859. And we take as an example manufactures, the 
 raw materials of which, raAv cotton pay no import duty, to prove that 
 the effect should be more important in Avoolens, silks and others, Avhen 
 raAV materials, dyeings, labor, jobs, machinery, buildings, transportation 
 of coal, taxes, cost of money to prepay duties, &c., should be less. And 
 to prove that the United States are prepared for free trade, avo shall 
 copy the imports and exports from the United States in the year 
 ending December 31, 1876, They Avere, imports total, 3461,092,103, 
 including specie, 334,479,397; exports and re-exports, 3046,976,248, 
 including specie 56,354,465, favorable balance of 3185,884,145; and 
 equivalent to what can be due yearly, for interest on federal, States, 
 cities, and corporation debt. AVhatmeans that for 321,875,068 in balance 
 of specie, the equivalent must have reduced the U. S. Bonds held in 
 foreign markets. It has been more favorable than 1874-5, 3121.419,333, 
 because the country, more poor, took 364,694,027 less of imports, and 
 exported 366,725,312 more, due principally to the energy of the South, 
 that produced 847,000 more bales of cotton worth 316,000,000 or a 
 total of 4,669,000 bales. But can a so-called free people permit to be 
 deprived of the sacred right and liberty of buying in the cheapest market, 
 of exchanging a bale of cotton, or a bushel of wheat for double amount of 
 necessary and commodities, Avhat is equivalent to double the value of his 
 cotton and Avheat? And to buy a foreign vessel, of Avhich right the British 
 subjects used during the confederate Avar, using since then such vessels 
 to make you contribute in freights, passages, &c.? 
 
 The relative poor condition in AA'hich such Chinese tariff and sy.stein 
 leaves you, can be denounced by the statistics. Last year. Great Britain 
 consumed 922.000 tons of sugar at the rate of sixty-one pounds per capita, 
 and the United States only 738,000 tons, say 692,000 imported and 63,500 
 produced less exports, at the rate of thirty-seven pounds, instead of fort} - 
 five pounds, rhut had been reached under Democratic tariff (1). Tea has 
 been consumed for only one-half per capita, as Great Britain affords, that 
 consumed also 180| pounds, meats in 1876, as average of maximum of 
 264 pounds in London, and minimum in rural districts: Paris maximum 
 242^ pounds, Vienna, 209, and 170 Berlin, Spain and Italy only 
 averaging twenty and tAventy-four and one-half pounds. IIoav can the 
 Avorking classes in the United States aspire to enjoy commodities out of a 
 salary of fifty cents to one dollar per day, at the high price that beggar 
 industry forces them to pay necessary, blankets, &;c. (2)? 
 
 (ly In ISTK, 1..561,88,0:>1.’) Il).s. were imported and paid SST.WCGi duty, but deduftiuj; propor¬ 
 tionate expenses, it is equivalent to a net revenue of 25 millions. Sugars sell at 8 cents in New 
 York, while Cuban planters jjet only 7 rials per arrobe, a difference of 4>a cents or $18 per each 
 box, that means ?70,0()0.0o0 differential cost for U. S. consumer.s, ."uy 2sl per cent, more than re¬ 
 venue netted. The cost of freight, Ac., to be deducted. 
 
 (2) Mr. Ed. Atkinson has proved that wages in Lowell are lower than in England, and as 
 they have half the purchasing power, the minimum means only half. 
 
—19— 
 
 The study of the railroad lines in Great Britain, proves also that 
 from a disastrous condition during the corn la^v8, the free trade has 
 changed it into the most prosperous one. They received in 1875 
 <£58.982,753 instead of only £23,856,749 in 1858, a net in 1875 of 
 £26,784,557, viz, £19,460,321 7nore, comparing 1858-with 1870, and 
 could pay in 1875 an average dividend of $4.72 per 100, having added 
 £15,565,683 between 1870 and 1875. And yet, such lines of railroads 
 can only move in a area of 72,117,766 acres extent of land of 
 England, Scotland and Ireland. 
 
 If free trade was declared suddenly, the stock in store would cost 
 $160, but what could be brought from in bond should cost only $100, 
 and the next day they could sell for the average of $130, and few days 
 after, when receiving what is on the way, could sell for the average ot' 
 $ 115 what now they want to sell for $160. That applies to manufacturers 
 for raw materials of wool, silk, dyeings and all. The consuming people 
 will buy more, and over stocks could be exported at a small or no loss. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Shakspeare said, “be just, and fear not,” and the aristocracy and 
 communism that is conveyed by the tariff', is a great injustice in 
 force, that in all its eff'ects reduces to half value in exchange for 
 necessary and commodities, the value of the crops. Democracy will 
 realize De Tocqueville’s prophecy: scattered numberless denominations 
 of churches, domestic manufacture, vessels without compass, in imitation 
 or parody, will consolidate, selecting for nucleus the most important 
 and wealthy, twenty to one of all others, of universal democratic organ¬ 
 ization, the mother of sciences, fine arts, that has inspired the seven 
 marvels, of Avhich holy inspirations she offers models to refined classes. 
 The aristocracy, reserved forchurehes, will change for the equality before 
 God, rich and poor sitting %ndkneeling together, now opposed by rebels, 
 though, oil the other hand, they are walking in the mud, standing in horse 
 cars as cattle or immigrants. The eontradietion that absolution can be 
 accorded to no penitents, and be denied to penitents by suitable judges, 
 when it is authorized on imposed civil judges, and that license that makes 
 of the mo.-:t sacred sacrament, marriage, instead of a guarantee for fa¬ 
 mily. a f'l.ntract for the week, or for the moment, such vestiges of bar¬ 
 barism of lawful concubinage will disappear under the efforts of demo¬ 
 cracy that decided Catholic France to help you efficaciously to realize 
 your independence. 
 
 Of what is proposed Ave shall hear that the United States though 
 being a Republic, and more obliged than Monarchies, to respect indi¬ 
 vidual rights, and have a cheap, free Government, cannot attempt to 
 realize what old countries have not realized so absolutely. Jesus Christ 
 W:'.s in great .iiinority and for that reason Was crucified, and Professor 
 Morse iii jiireu in liim, and though the old world had not applied 
 electr’cii-y to telegraph, he suffered patiently the gentiles’ outrages, 
 meanwhile he gave to the United States the glory of the invention. We 
 
- 20 — 
 
 recollect another man so constant and persevering, that by only pinching 
 a donkey, made to it a plea, of which results the poor animal died. 
 
 And as peace and fraternity will be secured through free trade, all 
 living like dogs, instead of quarreling like brothers, even the cost of the 
 so-called regiments of as many musicians as soldiers that frequently 
 intercept the public transit, the cost could be reduced to the music, by 
 playing in the parks classical music and refine the taste. 
 
 A Democratic Congress will no doubt realize all that has been 
 above proposed. 
 
 VII 
 
 The plan to realize all the proposed reform is very plain. By re¬ 
 ducing at once the appropriations for array to what they were until 
 1860-61—if not more Then Navy, Array and all will ask. as compen¬ 
 sation, reduced cost of clothing, materials, living, household, viz.: the 
 1857 tariff, or better no tariff that would permit all to buy 24 per cent, 
 still cheaper than in 1860-61. In its effect their salary, in exchange of 
 necessary and commodities, would be increased in 24 per 100. They will 
 all become free traders, by force, like the Moliere Doctor. 
 
 When I speak of the U. S. Ilouse recollect also that in the next 
 I'nited States Senate, you will have thirty-seven Democrats, defending 
 a good cause, against thirty-nine Republicans, of whom some will desert 
 the bad cause of depriving free men of the most sacred of all liberties, 
 of w^hich the subjects of Great Britain and even Liberians enjoy, of 
 buying in the cheapest market what you all want, as necessary and 
 commodities for your family. The reign of communism, and of enraged 
 communism that is convinecl through actual outrageous tariff must end 
 at the Centennial. 
 
 The war between babies, infants or incapables and capables must 
 be deciied in favor of the last that do the public wealth. Fools do at 
 last, what wise men have done at once, long ago, in Great Britain. There 
 is no such inferiority in the Northern people, comparing with the South, 
 and the other people to do as good and as cheap as they allege. When 
 calling themselves babies and infants, it is the system that unables 
 them. They can be as giants as the South is, \vhen under full franchises 
 as free trade will give them convined with the stimulus. 
 
 If the South under carpet baggers’ Government, and the system 
 of tariffs should succumb, the manufactures that they provide of raw 
 materials, should succumb also*, the course of depreciation of values, 
 that is the actual condition of the country will continue, in which the 
 emigration begins, while it has been stopped in England. 
 
 Equal o’oject will be attained of throwing out of power the party 
 that has created the actual situation, as to render it impotent. But a 
 short-sighted newspaper after reading the plan said: if such reforms are 
 carried out. we W'ould have a perfect Government and certain papers 
 having nothing to criticize would die. By the fruit all will know the tree. 
 Now if vegetation, and consequently perception, is slow in cold regions, 
 in supreme circumstances an exception can be expected. 
 
Dr, E. Young, ill liis tables of the United States Oomn.erce, and 
 the Tribune, try to prove that the Country ha.s prospered comparintr 
 with 1872, while they prove the contrary, viz., that imports of wine“ 
 beer, coffee, tea. sugars, molasses and tobacco, that cannot be attributed 
 to more domestic production, have decreased in ^29,000,000 for the 
 poorer condition, while other $88,000,000 less in hides, leather, raw 
 materials, wool, chemical, denounc; less manufacturing, consequently it 
 * i.s not strange that poverty has reduced the aggregate imports in 
 $229,182,924 in value and quantity. About exports, while raw cotton 
 increased in 1,270,000 bales worth $70,000,000 for the total difference 
 of $130^- millions the woolen manufacturers only added $224,638 the 
 iron do only $t)27,4l6 and the cotton and all others do only $17,000,000, 
 the last aggregating only $9 818,977, that is less than the $11,000,000 
 they could export in 1859, under less outrageous tariff, in its effect more 
 protective. Petroleum increased $15| millions, other articles decreased. 
 
 New York, February 26,1877. 
 
 iHrectory's PrintiDK Office, 118 San Ignacio Sii-eet, Havana.